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 UNIV. OF CALIF. LIBRARY, LOS ANGELES
 
 THE RHINE.
 
 MONEY TABLE. 
 
 (Comp. p. xiiij 
 Approximate Equivalents. 
 
 American 
 Money. 
 
 Eng] 
 
 ish Money. 
 
 French 
 Money. 
 
 German 
 Money. 
 
 Austrian 
 Money. 
 
 Doll. 
 
 Ct». 
 
 L. 
 
 S. 
 
 D. 
 
 Fr. 
 
 Cts. 
 
 Jf 
 
 Pf- 
 
 Fl. 
 
 Kr. 
 
 
 1V4 
 
 
 
 Vs 
 
 
 6V4 
 
 
 5 
 
 — 
 
 'f 
 
 — 
 
 ?.V2 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 li 
 
 — 
 
 12V2 
 
 — 
 
 P 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 2V2 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 _ 
 
 50 
 
 — 
 
 40 
 
 — 
 
 20 
 
 
 12V2 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 6 
 
 — 
 
 62V2 
 
 — 
 
 50 
 
 — 
 
 25 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 
 — 
 
 80 
 
 — 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 50 
 
 2 
 
 — 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 75 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 75 
 
 8 
 
 _ 
 
 1 
 
 50 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 4 
 
 — 
 
 5 
 
 _ 
 
 4 
 
 — 
 
 2 
 
 — 
 
 1 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 25 
 
 5 
 
 — 
 
 2 
 
 50 
 
 1 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 50 
 
 6 
 
 — 
 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 
 75 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 75 
 
 7 
 
 — 
 
 3 
 
 50 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 25 
 
 9 
 
 _ 
 
 4 
 
 50 
 
 2 
 
 50 
 
 _ 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 50 
 
 10 
 
 — 
 
 5 
 
 _ 
 
 3 
 
 _ 
 
 — 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 12 
 
 — 
 
 6 
 
 — 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 __ 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 — 
 
 8 
 
 — 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 _ 
 
 10 
 
 — 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 125 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 _ 
 
 ' 50 
 
 _ 
 
 125 
 
 — 
 
 25 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 625 
 
 
 500 
 
 - 
 
 ■250 
 
 '
 
 THE RHINE 
 
 FROM 
 
 ROTTERDAM TO CONSTANCE 
 
 HANDBOOK FOR TRAVELLERS 
 
 BY 
 
 K. BAEDEKER 
 
 With 39 Maps and 21 Plans 
 TWELFTH REVISED EDITION 
 
 LEIPSIC: KARL BAEDEKER, PUBLISHER 
 
 1892 
 
 All rights reserved
 
 'Go, little book, God send thee good passage, 
 And specially let this be thy prayere 
 Unto them all that thee will read or hear, 
 Where thou art wrong, after their help to call. 
 Thee to correct in any part or all.' 
 
 ChaucbRv 
 
 DNIV. OF CALIF. LIBRARY, LOS ANGELAS
 
 STACK ANNEX 
 
 DO 
 Rise II 3 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The chief objectof the Handbook for the Rhine is to 
 supply the traveller with such information as will render 
 him as nearly as possible independent of hotel-keepers, 
 commissionnaires, and guides, and thus enable him the 
 more thoroughly to enjoy and appreciate the objects of 
 interest he meets with on his tour. 
 
 The Handbook is based almost entirely upon the per- 
 sonal observation of the Editor, and the country de- 
 scribed has been repeatedly explored by him with a 
 view to procure the latest possible information ; but , as 
 changes are constantly taking place, he will highly appre- 
 ciate any communications with which travellers may 
 kindly favour him, if the result of their own experience. 
 Those already received from numerous correspondents, 
 which he gratefully acknowledges , have in many cases 
 proved most serviceable. 
 
 The present edition, which corresponds with the 26th 
 in German and the 1 4th in French, has been thoroughly 
 revised and brought up to date. For the article on 
 Rhenish Art the Editor is indebted to the late Professor 
 Anton Springer of Leipsic, 
 
 The Maps and Plans, on which special care has 
 been bestowed , will often render material service to the 
 traveller, and enable him at a glance to ascertain his 
 bearings and select the best routes. 
 
 Timetables. Information regarding trains, steam- 
 boats, and diligences is most trustworthy when obtained 
 from local sources. The best German publications of 
 the kind are 'HendscheVs Telegraph' [1 M) , published
 
 vl PREFACE. 
 
 at Frankfort on the Main, and issued monthly during 
 the summer season, and the 'KiirshucK [1M), published 
 at Berlin, issued eight times a year. 
 
 Heights are given in English feet (1 Engl. ft. = 
 0,3048 metre = 0,938 Parisian ft. = 0,971 Prussian 
 ft.). Distances in English miles (except in the case of 
 mountain-excursions, where the time they occupy is given 
 as more convenient), and the Populations in accor- 
 dance with the most recent census. 
 
 Hotels. The Editor has endeavoured to enumerate, 
 not only the first-class hotels , but others also of more 
 modest pretensions, which may be safely selected by the 
 'voyageur en gar^on' , with little sacrifice of comfort 
 and great saving of expenditure. Although changes fre- 
 quently take place, and prices generally have an upward 
 tendency, the average charges stated in the Handbook 
 will enable the traveller to form a fair estimate of his pro- 
 bable expenditure. The value of the asterisks, which are 
 used as marks of commendation , is relative only ; those 
 prefixed to town hotels and village inns signifying re- 
 spectively that the houses are good of their kind. 
 
 The Editor regrets that he is unable to answer all 
 communications. To hotel-proprietors, tradesmen, and 
 others he begs to intimate that a character for fair deal- 
 ing and courtesy towards travellers forms the sole pass- 
 port to his commendation , and that advertisements of 
 every kind are strictly excluded from his Handbooks.
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Page 
 
 I. Language xiii 
 
 n. Money. Travelling Expenses xiii 
 
 III. Passports. Custom House xiv 
 
 IV. Railways. Diligences xiv 
 
 V. Steamboats. Fall, Breadth, Length, and Depth of 
 
 the Rhine xv 
 
 VI. Walking Excursions xvii 
 
 VII. Hotels xvii 
 
 VIII. Geology of the Rhine xviii 
 
 IX. Climate. Grape Cure xx 
 
 X. Wines of the Rhine and Moselle xx 
 
 XI. Rhenish Art xxiv 
 
 Route. 
 
 1. From Brussels to Cologne 1 
 
 Environs of Aix-la-Chapelle 12 
 
 From Aix-la-Chapelle to Malmedy 12 
 
 The Valley of the Roer. Nideggen. Heimbach .... 14 
 
 From Diiren to Xeuss and to .Tiilich 15 
 
 From Horrem to Bedhurg 15 
 
 2. From Rotterdam to Cologne 15 
 
 Environs of Diisseldorf '-3 
 
 From Miilheim to Gladbach and Bensberg 23 
 
 3. Cologne 24 
 
 4. From Cologne to Neuss (Diisseldorf), Crefeld, and Cleve . 49 
 
 From Neuss to Obercassel 50 
 
 From Goch to Wesel. Xanten 51 
 
 From Cleve to Elten and Zevenaar and to Calcar ... 52 
 
 5. From Aix-la-Chapelle by Gladbach to Diisseldorf .... 52 
 
 Schloss Dyck 53 
 
 6. From Gladbach to Crefeld, Rubrort, and Essen 54 
 
 From Viersen to Venlo and to Neersen-Neuwerk .... 54 
 
 From Crefeld to Miilheim via Hochfeld 54 
 
 7. From Cologne to Elberfeld and Hagen 55 
 
 From Elberfeld to Diisseldorf 56 
 
 From Hagen to Siegen • . . . 56 
 
 From Letmathe to Iserlohn. Dechenhohle 57 
 
 8. From Cologne to Frankfort via Giessen 57 
 
 9. The Rhine from Cologne to Coblenz 60 
 
 Basalt Quarries of Dattenberg and the Minderberg ... 65 
 
 From Neuwied to Monrepos and Altwied 6^5 
 
 10. From Coblenz to Cologne. Railway Journey 70 
 
 11. From Deutz (Cologne) to Obercassel (Bonn) and Ehren- 
 
 breitstein (Coblenz) 73 
 
 From Engers to Hachenburg 76 
 
 12. Bonn 76 
 
 13. The Seven Mountains (Siebengebirge) 82 
 
 14. Valley of the Ahr 87 
 
 The Kesselinger Thai and Dennthal. Aremberg. Hohe 
 
 Acht. Ntirburg 92
 
 viii CONTENTS. 
 
 Route Page 
 
 15. From Andernach to Mayeu. Brohlthal. Laacher See . . 92 
 
 16. Coblenz and Elirenbreitstein 96 
 
 17. The Rhine from Coblenz to Mayence 103 
 
 Alte Burg near Boppard. Fleckertshohe 108 
 
 Scliweizerthal. Reichenberg Ill 
 
 The Steeger-Thal 115 
 
 The Wisperthal. From Lorch to Schwalbach. The 
 
 Sauerburg. Blorgenbachthal 116 
 
 Walk in the Rheingau 121 
 
 Eberbach and the Steinberg 123 
 
 Kiedrich. Grat'enberg. Scharfenstein 124 
 
 18. The Niederwald 126 
 
 19. From Coblenz to Mayence. Raiiway on the Left Bank . 128 
 
 20. From Coblenz to Wiesbaden. Schlangenbad and Schwal- 
 
 bach 130 
 
 From Eltville to Schlangenbad and Schwalbach - 132 
 
 From Schlangenbad to Wiesbaden 132 
 
 From Wiesbaden to Schwalbach 133 
 
 21. Wiesbaden 134 
 
 22. Mayence 140 
 
 23. From Bingerhriick to Kreuznach, Saarhriicken, and Metz 151 
 
 From Kreuznach to Miinster am Stein. Rheingrafenstein. 
 
 Gans. Ebernburg. Rothenfels 153, 154 
 
 Altenbaumburg. Lemberg 154 
 
 From Miinster am Stein to Kaiserslautern. Sponheim . 155 
 
 Meisenheim. Dhaun 156 
 
 From Oberstein to Idar. Hunuenring 157 
 
 Heights of Spicheren 153 
 
 The Battle Fields near Metz 161 
 
 From Metz to Nancy 163 
 
 From Metz to Luxembourg via Thionville 164 
 
 24. From Saarbriicken to Treves and Luxembourg 164 
 
 The Clef. Castel 165 
 
 From Treves to Thionville 173 
 
 25. The Moselle from Coblenz to Treves 174 
 
 Miinster-Maifeld. Schloss Eltz 176 
 
 From Punderich to Trarbach-Traben 179 
 
 From Wengerohr to Berncastel 179 
 
 Kautenbachthal 181 
 
 26. From Cologne to Treves. The Volcanic Eifel 183 
 
 From Euskirchen to Diiren 183 
 
 From Euskirchen to Bonn 183 
 
 From Euskirchen to Miinstereifel 184 
 
 From Call to Hellenthal 184 
 
 From Hillesheim to Daun 184 
 
 From Gerolstein to St. Vith 185 
 
 Fliessem and Bitburg 186 
 
 Rodelheck. Falkenlei 188 
 
 Formerich. Webrbiisch 190 
 
 From Daun to Manderscheid 191 
 
 27. From Coblenz to Wetzlar. Ems and the Valley of the Lahn 193 
 
 Excursions from Ems 196 
 
 From Dietz to Zollhaus 198 
 
 From Limburg to Au 200 
 
 From Limburg to Altenkirchen 200 
 
 28. Frankfort 202 
 
 From Frankfort to Mayence 215
 
 CONTENTS. ix 
 
 Route Page 
 
 29. The Taunns 215 
 
 a. Taunus Railway from Frankfort to Castel (Mayence) 
 
 and Wiesbaden 215 
 
 b. From Frankfort to Homburg and Cronberg 216 
 
 The Saalburg ' 218 
 
 c. From Frankfort to Soden. Konigstein. Falkenstein. 
 Great Feldberg 219 
 
 d. From Frankfort to Eppstein and Limburg 221 
 
 The Rossert. Fischbachthal 221 
 
 30. From Frankfort or Mayence to Heidelberg and Mannheim 222 
 
 a. Via Lampertheim to Mannheim (Carlsruhe) .... 222 
 
 b. Via Darmstadt to Heidelberg and Mannheim. . . . 222 
 
 From Darmstadt to Worms and JIannheim 226 
 
 The Melibocus 227 
 
 Environs of Auerbach and Bensheim 227 
 
 From Bensheim to Worms. Lorsch 228 
 
 From Weinheim to Heidelberg and Mannheim .... 229 
 
 31. The Odenwald 229 
 
 a. Western Portion. Felsberg. Reichenbach. Linden- 
 
 fels 281 
 
 From Lindenfels to Weinheim 231 
 
 From Furth toWaldmichelbach und Schonau. The Dromm 231 
 
 b. Eastern Portion. Odenwald Railway 231 
 
 From Reinheim to Reichelsheim 233 
 
 From Michelstadt to Amorbach and Miltenberg .... 23o 
 
 32. Heidelberg and the Valley of the Neckar 234 
 
 The Valley of the Neckar from Heidelberg to Neckarelz 241 
 
 From Heidelberg to Schwetzingen and Speyer 243 
 
 33. Mannheim and Liidwigshafen 244 
 
 From Mannheim to Carlsruhe 246 
 
 34. From Mayence to Ludwigshafen (Mannheim). Worms . 247 
 
 35. From Bingen or Mayence by Alzey to Kaiserslauteni or 
 
 Neustadt 251 
 
 The Donnersberg 252 
 
 From Monsheim to Marnheim 253 
 
 From Griinstadt to Eisenberg. Abbey of Limburg '. 253 
 
 Hartenburg. Heidenmauer . . - 254 
 
 36. From Ludwigshafen to Weissenburg and Strassburg . . 254 
 
 The Haardt. From Xeustadt to the Maxburg .... 255 
 
 Gleisweiler. Klingenmiinster 256 
 
 Bergzabern. Geisberg, Worth 257 
 
 37. From Mannheim (Ludwigshafen) to Neunkirchen (Saar- 
 
 briicken) 268 
 
 From Kaiserslautern to Lauterecken. Offenbach am Glan 259 
 
 From Landstuhl to Kusel 260 
 
 From Homburg to Zweibriicken ; to Saarbrucken ; to Saar- 
 
 gemiind 26( 
 
 38. From Mannheim to Speyer, and to Strassburg, via Ger- 
 
 mersheim and Lauterburg 261 
 
 From Germersheim to Landau 264 
 
 39. From Landau to Zweibriicken. TheVosges of the Palatinate 264 
 
 40. Strassburg 268 
 
 From Strassburg to Kehl and to Warkolsheim .... 277
 
 X CONTENTS. 
 
 Route Page 
 
 41. From Strassburg to Saarbriicken (Metz) 277 
 
 42. From Strassburg to Metz via Saarburg 278 
 
 From Zabern to Hagenau 279 
 
 From Saarburg to Saargemiind ; toAlberschweiler ; to Nancy 280 
 
 Tbe N. Vosges Mts 280 
 
 43. From Strassburg to Bale 282 
 
 From Bollweiler to Ensisheim 285 
 
 From Miilhausen to Miillheim and to Belfort 287 
 
 From St. Ludwig to Leopoldsholie. Hiiningen .... 287 
 
 44. Tbe Central and Upper Vosges Mts 287 
 
 I. The Central Yosges Mts 288 
 
 a. From Strassburg to Saales. Nideck 289 
 
 From Schirmeck to the Donon 289 
 
 From Fouday to the Hochfeldi to Weiler. Climont. . . 290 
 
 b. From Zabern to Schlettstadt by Molshelm. Wangen- 
 
 burg. Girbaden. Odilienberg, Hobwald .... 291 
 
 From Nideck to Schirmeck by the Donon 293 
 
 Grendelbruch 294 
 
 Environs of Hohwald. The Hochfeld 296 
 
 From Hohwald to Weiler 297 
 
 II. The Upper, or High Vosges Mts 297 
 
 a. From Schlettstadt to Markirch. Hohen-Konigsbnrg. 
 
 Rappoltsweiler 297 
 
 From Markirch to Rappoltsweiler. The Bressoir . . . 298 
 
 From Rappoltsweiler to Reichenweier and Kaysersberg . 300 
 
 b. The Weissthal. The Weisse See and Schwarze See. 
 
 Reisberg 301 
 
 From Kaysersberg to Rappoltsweiler via Bilstein . . . 302 
 
 c. From Colmar to Miinster. The Schlucht. Metzeral 304 
 
 FromTiirkheimtotheDrei^hren. Galz. Hohenlandsberg 804,305 
 
 From the Schlucht to the Hoheneck 306 
 
 From Luttenbach to the Kahle Wasen 306 
 
 From Metzeral to the Grosse Belchen and to Wildenstein. 
 
 The Rothenbachkopf 307 
 
 d. From Bollweiler to Lautenbach 307 
 
 Murbach Abbey 308 
 
 e. From Miilhausen to "Wesserling 309 
 
 The Grosse Belchen 309 
 
 From Sennheim to Masmtinster. Walsche Belchen . . 310 
 
 45. From Heidelberg to Baden 311 
 
 From Bruchsal to Germersheim 311 
 
 From Durlach to Pforzheim and Wildbad 311 
 
 From Carlsruhe to Landau 317 
 
 46. Baden and Environs 318 
 
 47. From Baden to Freiburg and Bale 328 
 
 Biihlerthal. Plattig. Sand. Herrenwies. Hundseck . 328 
 
 Sasbach. Erlenbad. Brigittenschloss ....... 329 
 
 From Appenweier to Kehl and Strassburg 329 
 
 Excursions from Freiburg. Gvintersthal , Schau-ins- 
 
 Land, etc 336, 337 
 
 From Freiburg to Colmar 337 
 
 48. The BlAG^Yorest (Duchy of Baden) 339 
 
 a. From Rastatt to Gernsbach and Allerheillgen. Murg- 
 
 thal. Hornisgrinde. Mummelsee 340
 
 CONTENTS. xi 
 
 Route Page 
 
 From Gernsbach to Herrenalb and Wildbad 341 
 
 From Baden to Forbach direct and to Herrenwies . . . 342 
 
 b. AUerheiligen and Biittenstein Waterfalls 345 
 
 From Ottenbofen to AUerheiligen by the Edelfrauengrab 
 
 and the Blochereck 345 
 
 From AUerheiligen to Rippoldsau direct 346 
 
 From AUerheiligen to Oppenau and to Snlzbach . . . 346 
 
 c. Renchthal Railway. Kniebis Baths 346 
 
 The Schapbachthal 348 
 
 From Griesbach to Rippoldsau 348 
 
 d. Schwarzwald Railway from Offenburg to Constance. . 349 
 
 From Biberach to Lahr. Hohengeroldseck 349 
 
 From Hornberg to Elzach and Schramberg 350 
 
 From Triberg to Elzach by Schonach 351 
 
 e. From Hausach to Freudenstadt via ScMltach. Rip- 
 
 poldsau 353 
 
 From Klosterle to Freudenstadt 354 
 
 f. From Triberg to "Waldkirch via Furtwangeu. Valleys 
 
 of Simonswald and Elz 355 
 
 From Furtwangen to Waldau 356 
 
 g. HoUenthal Railway. Feldberg. Schluchsee 357 
 
 From Kirchzarten to St. Margen and to Todtnau . . . 358 
 
 From Himmelreich to St. Margen 353 
 
 Eavennathal. Hochwart. Weisstannenhohe. Saig . 359, 360 
 
 From Schluchsee to Thiengen 363 
 
 h. Badenweiler and Environs. Biirgeln, Blauen . . . . 364 
 
 i. From Badenweiler to the Belchen, and through the 
 
 Miiusterthal to Krotzingen 366 
 
 From Schonau in the Wiesenthal to the Belchen . . 367 
 
 From Staufen to Utzenfeld in the Wiesenthal .... 368 
 
 k. The Wiesenthal and the 'Strategic Line' 368 
 
 From Lorrach to Leopoldshohe 369 
 
 1. The Wehrathal and Albthal 370 
 
 From Todtmoos to St. Blasien 370 
 
 From Geschwand in the Wiesenthal to St. Blasien . . 371 
 
 49. From Bale by Schaffhausen to Constance 373 
 
 From Waldshut to Immendingen 374 
 
 From Thiengen to Schluchsee by the Schliicbtthal . . 374 
 
 The Falls of the Rhine 375 
 
 Hohentwiel. The Island of Reichenau 376 
 
 Index 377 
 
 Uaps. 
 
 1. The Rhine fkom Cologne to Bonn: RR. 9, 10, 11; p. 48. 
 
 2. Railway Map of the Lowek Rhine, from Aix-la-Chapelle and Cologne 
 
 to Venlo and Dortmund: ER. 1, 2, 4-9; between pp. 48 and 49. 
 
 3. The Envikons of Cleve: R. 4; p. 49. 
 
 4. The Rhine from Bonn to Coblenz: RR. 9. 10, 11, 14, 15; between 
 
 pp. 60, 61. 
 
 5. The Seven Mountains: R. 13; between pp. 80, 81. 
 
 6. The Valley of the Ahr: R. 14; p. 92. 
 
 7. The Environs of the Laacher See: R. 15; p. 93. 
 
 8. The Rhine from Coblenz to Bingen : RR. 16, 17, 19, 20, 23, 27 ; 
 
 between pp. 102, 103. 
 
 9. The Environs of Boppard : R. 17 ; p. 108.
 
 xii MAPS AND PLANS. 
 
 10. The Environs of St. Goar: R. 17; p. 109. 
 
 11. The W. Taunos and Rheingau: ER. 17, 19,20; between pp. 124. 125. 
 
 12. The NiEDERWAXD : R. 18; p. 125. 
 
 13. The Environs of Kreuznach: R. 23; p. 152. 
 
 14. The Kahethal: R. 23; p. 153. 
 
 16. The Environs of Metz: R. 23; p. 169. 
 
 16. The Moselle : RR. 24, 25 ; between pp. 175, 175. 
 
 17. The Volcanic Eifel: R. 26; between pp. 184, 185. 
 
 15. The Environs of Ems: R. 27; p. 194. 
 
 19. The Valley of the Lahn: R. 27; p. 195. 
 
 20. The E. Taunus: R. 29; between pp. 214, 215. 
 
 21. The Bergstrasse and Odenwald: R. 31; between pp. 226, 227. 
 
 22. The E. Odenwald : R. 3ib ; p. 227. 
 
 23. The Environs of Heidelberg: R. 32; p. 234. 
 
 24. Map of Rhenish Hessen : RR. 34, 35; p. 248. 
 
 25. The Environs of Neustadt: R. 36; p. 260. 
 
 26. The Rhenish Palatinate : RR. 35, 36, 37, 39, 41 ; between pp. 260, 261. 
 
 27. The Northern Vosges Mts. : RR. 42, 44 I. ; between pp. 280, 281. 
 
 28. The Central Vosges Mts.: RR. 441., 44 II.; between pp. 288, 289. 
 
 29. The Southern Vosges Mts. : R. 44 II. ; between pp. 300, 301. 
 
 30. The Environs of Baden: R. 46; p. 318. 
 
 31. The Environs of Freiburg: R. 47; between pp. 332, 333. 
 
 32. The Black Forest, Sheet I. (Murgthal): RR. 46, 47, 48 a, 48 b; be- 
 
 tween pp. 340, 341. 
 38. The Black Forest, Sheet II. (Kinzigthal): RR. 47, 48 c, 48d. 48e; be- 
 tween pp. 346. 347. 
 
 34. The Environs of Allerheiligen : R. 48 b; p. 346. 
 
 35. The Black Forest , Sheet III. (Freiburg, Triberg, Donaueschingen) : 
 
 RR. 47, 48d, 48e, 48f, 48g; between pp. 352, 353. 
 
 36. The Black Forest, Sheet IV. (Southern Vallevs): RR. 48g, 48h, 48i, 
 
 48k. 431 ; between pp. 360, 361. 
 
 37. The Feldberg District: R. 48g; p. 361. 
 
 38. The Environs of Badenweiler: R. 48h; p. 364. 
 89. Railway Map of the Rhine, after the Index. 
 
 Plans of Towns. 
 
 Aix-la-Chapelle, p. 8; Baden, p. 819; Bonn, p. 80; Carlsruhe, p. 312; 
 CoBLENZ, with Environs, p. 96; Colmar, p. 281; Cologne, p. 24; Darm- 
 stadt, p. 226; Dusseldorf, p. 18; Frankfort, p. 202; Castle of Heidel- 
 berg, p. 285 ; Mannheim, p. 245 ; Mayence. p. 140 ; Metz, p. 158 ; Mulhausen, 
 p. 286; Gardens of Schwetzingen, p. 2M; Speyer, p. 261; Strassburg, 
 p. 263; TRftvES, p. 166; Wiesbaden, p. 134; Worms, p. 249. 
 
 Abbreviations. 
 
 R. = room; L. = light; B. = breakfast; D. = dinner; S. = supper; 
 A. = attendance. — N. = north, northern, etc.; S. = south, etc.; E. = 
 east, etc.; W. = west, etc. — r. = right; 1. = left. — M. = English 
 mile; ft. = Engl. foot. — Jl = mark; pf. = pfennig. 
 
 The number of feet given after the name of a place indicates its height 
 above the sea-level. The number of miles placed before the principal 
 places on rail way -routes and high-roads generally indicates their distance 
 from the starting-point of the route. 
 
 Asterisks are used as marks of commendation.
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 I. Language. 
 
 A slight acquaintance with German is indispensable for those 
 who desire to explore the more remote parts of the Rhenish 
 Provinces. Tourists who do not deviate from the beaten track will 
 generally find English or French spoken at the principal hotels and 
 the usual resorts of strangers ; but if they are entirely ignorant of 
 the language they must be prepared occasionally to submit to the 
 extortions practised by porters, cab-drivers, and others of a like 
 class, which even the data furnished by the Handbook will not 
 always enable them to avoid. 
 
 II. Money. Travelling Expenses. 
 
 MoxKY. The German mark (^^/Z), which is nearly equivalent to 
 the English shilling, is divided into 100 pfennigs. Banknotes of 5, 
 20, and 50 Jl are issued by the German Imperial Bank (^Deutsche 
 Keichsbank''), and others of 100, 500, and 1000 J^ by the Imperial 
 Bank and by twelve other banks which possess the privilege. The 
 current gold coins are pieces of 10 and of 20 marks, the intrinsic 
 value of which- is somewhat lower than that of the English half- 
 sovereign and sovereign (il. being worth about 20c^43pf.). The 
 paper currency is of the same value as the precious metals. The 
 silver coins are pieces of 5, 3 (the old dollar), 2, 1, Y2C50pf.), and 
 1/5 mark (20 pf.]. In nickel there are coins of 10 and 5 pfennigs, 
 and in copper there are pieces of 2 and 1 pfennig. 
 
 English sovereigns and banknotes may be exchanged at all the 
 principal towns in Germany, and Napoleons are also favourably 
 received (20 fr. = 16s. = i6j/, and often a few pfennigs more). 
 Those who travel with large sums should carry them in the form of 
 letters of credit or in circular notes of bl. or 10^., rather than in 
 banknotes or gold, as the value of the former, if lost or stolen, is 
 recoverable. 
 
 Tkavellixg Expenses. The expense of a lour in the Rhenish 
 Provinces depends of course on a great variety of circumstances. Of 
 late years many complaints have justly been made of the exorbitant 
 charges at some of the Rhenish hotels ; but it may be stated generally 
 that travelling in Germany, and even on the Rhine, is less ex- 
 pensive , and in some respects more comfortable , than in most 
 other countries in Europe. The pedestrian of moderate require-
 
 xiv PASSPORTS. 
 
 ments, who has attained tolerable proficiency in the language and 
 avoids the beaten track as much as possible, will have no difficulty 
 in limiting his expenditure to S-iOj^ per day ,• but those who prefer 
 driving to walking, frequent the most expensive hotels, and require 
 the services of guides and commissionnaires, must be prepared to 
 expend at least 25-30 ./«^ daily. 
 
 III. Passports. Custom House. 
 
 Passports are now indispensable for all travellers entering 
 Germany from France, and must be furnished with the visa of the 
 German minister in London or Paris (fee 10s.). They are also de- 
 manded in Germany in towns and districts where the Socialist Law 
 is in force, and elsewhere they are occasionally required to prove 
 the identity of the traveller, to procure admission to collections, and 
 to obtain delivery of registered letters. The following are the princi- 
 pal passport-agents in London : Lee and Carter, 440 West Strand ; 
 Dorrell and Son, 15 Charing Cross; E. Stanford, 26 Cockspur Street, 
 Charing Cross ; W. J. Adams, 59 Fleet Street. 
 
 CusTOM-HousB formalities are now almost everywhere lenient. 
 As a rule, however, articles purchased during the journey, which 
 are not destined for personal use, should be declared at the frontier. 
 
 IV. Railways. Diligences. 
 
 Railways. Railway- travelling is cheaper in Germany than in 
 other parts of Europe, Belgium excepted, and the carriages are 
 generally clean and comfortable. Those of the second class, with 
 spring-seats, are often better than the first in England. The first-class 
 carriages, lined with velvet, and comparatively little used, are recom- 
 mended to the lover of fresh air, as he will be more likely to secure a 
 seat next the window. The third-class travelling community are 
 generally quiet and respectable, and the carriages tolerably clean. On 
 a few railways there is even a fourth class , without seats. Smoking 
 is permitted in all the carriages, except those 'Fiir Nicht-Raucher' 
 and the coupes for ladies. The average fares for the different classes 
 are about l^^d., 11/4^. and '^/^d. per Engl. M. respectively. The 
 speed seldom exceeds 25 M. per hour, and the enormous traffic 
 carried on in some parts of England, where hundreds of trains tra- 
 verse the same line daily, is entirely unknown. These circumstances, 
 coupled with the fact that the German railways are generally well 
 organised and under the immediate supervision of government, 
 render accidents of very rare occurrence. On some of the lines 
 20-50 lbs. of luggage are free , in addition to smaller articles 
 carried in the hand, over- weight being charged for at moderate 
 rates; but on many of the lines all luggage in the van must be paid 
 for. In all cases the heavier luggage must be booked, and a ticket 
 procured for it ; this being done, the traveller need not enquire after
 
 STEAMBOATS. xv 
 
 his 'impedimenta' until lie arrives and presents his ticket at his final 
 destination (where they will be kept in safe custody, several days 
 usually gratis). Where, however, a frontier has to be crossed, the tra- 
 veller should see his luggage cleared at the custom-house in person. 
 — Circular Tickets for prolonged tours are issued at considerably 
 reduced rates (see the time-tables), but are only partly available for 
 the Rhine steamers (see below). Ordinary return-tickets are avail- 
 able for one to three days. 
 
 Diligences. The diligence-communication In most parts of 
 Germany is well-organised. The average speed is 5 Engl. M. per 
 hour, the fare 1V2<^- P^r M. 'Extra-post' generally obtainable on 
 application at the post-offices : 6d. per M. for 1-2, Is. per M. for 
 3-4 persons. Carriages to be had almost everywhere, at the rate of 
 10-15 1// with one horse, and 12-25 J/ with a pair of horses, per day. 
 
 V. steamboats on the Rhine. 
 
 The Rhine is navigated by upwards of 100 steamboats, from 
 the local vessels of fifteen or twenty horse power to the powerful 
 tug-steamers of upwards of four hundred. During the last few 
 years the average number of steamboat-passengers has exceeded one 
 million annually. The following vessels of the united Cologne and 
 Diisseldorf Companies are the best: 'Deutscher Kaiser', 'Wilhelm 
 Kaiser und Konig', 'Humboldt', 'Friede', 'Hansa', 'Niederwald', 
 'Rhein', and 'Drachenfels', the first four of which are saloon-steamers. 
 The saloon-steamers accomplish the journey from Mayence to Co- 
 logne in 71/2 hrs., and that from Cologne to Mayence in 12 hrs., 
 touching, in descending, at Biebrich, Coblenz, and Bonn only; in 
 ascending, at Bingen also. On Sundays and holidays Konigswinter 
 is also called at. The ordinary steamers stop at numerous small 
 places where passengers are landed in boats. The charge for landing 
 or embarking including 100 lbs. of luggage is 10 pf. The vessels 
 of the Netherlands Co. are too uncertain to be depended upon for 
 short distances, but are sometimes preferred by travellers to or from 
 Rotterdam, no change of boat being necessary. 
 
 The fares are very moderate, those for voyages up stream being 
 one-sixth less than for those in the reverse direction. The express 
 fares are somewhat higher than the ordinary. The express-steamers 
 carry saloon-passengers only. Each passenger is allowed lOOlbs. of 
 luggage free. Additional advantages are offered by the issue of re- 
 turn-tickets, one class of which is valid for a week, another within 
 the current year. Railway Circular Tickets (see above) are avail- 
 able for the steamers between Cologne and Mayence, subject to 
 conditions printed on the tickets. It is important to note that in 
 these cases the train may be exchanged for the steamer, or vice 
 versa, only at the terminal station in the coupon. Third class pass- 
 engers may travel in the saloon on paying the difference to the con- 
 ductor on board.
 
 xvi STEAMBOATS. 
 
 Passengers embarking at stations with piers must take tickets at the 
 office on shore, and those embarking at other stations should obtain them 
 from the conductor immediately on going on board, as otherwise they may 
 be compelled to pay the fare from the steamer's first point of departure. 
 The holder of a ticket worth 2 m. and upwards is at liberty to break 
 his journey, provided he signify his intention to the conductor before the 
 tickets are collected. If the journey be resumed at a station nearer the 
 passenger's destination than that at which he disembarked, the ticket 
 ceases to be valid for the intervening stations. Tickets must also be 
 stamped at the office or by the conductor at the station where the journey 
 is resumed; and the same regulation applies to return-tickets at the be- 
 ginning of the return-journey. 
 
 In autumn the steamers are often unpunctual in consequence of the 
 fogs which then prevail. Should the steamer be more than two hours 
 behind time, the traveller is entitled to quit the vessel and demand re- 
 payment of the fare for the portion of the voyage still untraversed. At 
 this season it is sometimes prudent to delay taking tickets until the 
 steamer is actually in sight. 
 
 Refreshments are provided on board the steamers, in the style of the 
 larger hotels. Table d'hote at 1 o'clock 3 Jl. children half-price ; ices 
 */2 Jl extra. The wines are made a special feature in the commissariat. 
 
 Travellers starting at an early hour will find breakfast on board 
 pleasanter than a hurried meal before leaving their hotel. The waiters 
 occasionally offer worthless books , maps, and panoramas for sale at ex- 
 orbitant prices. 
 
 Fall of the Rhine. 
 
 . 
 
 
 Height above the level of the 
 
 sea of — 
 
 
 Feet. 
 
 
 
 Feet. 
 
 The Toma-See, source of the 
 
 The Rhine at Mannheim 
 
 . 280 
 
 Vorder-Rhein 7689 
 
 V « 
 
 ., Mayence . 
 
 . 265 
 
 The Rheinwald Glacier, cra- 
 
 
 „ Coblenz . 
 
 . 190 
 
 dle of the Hinter-Rhein . 7268 
 
 
 ,. Cologne . 
 
 . 142 
 
 The Lake of Constance . . 1305 
 
 
 „ Diisseldorf 
 
 . 78 
 
 The Rhine at Bale .... 803 
 
 n « 
 
 ,, Emmerich 
 
 . 33 
 
 Breadth of the Khine. 
 
 Yards. Yards. 
 
 At Bale 189 At Bonn 532 
 
 „ Mannheim 429 ! „ Cologne 433 
 
 „ Mayence 492 „ Diisseldorf 409 
 
 „ Coblenz 399 „ Schenkenschanz(Dutchfront.)909 
 
 Length of the Rhine. Engl. Miles. 
 
 From Bale to Kehl 80 
 
 „ Kehl to Mannheim 82 
 
 „ Mannheim to Mayence 45V2 
 
 „ Mayence to Bingen ISVz 
 
 „ Bingen to Coblenz 38V2 
 
 „ Coblenz to Cologne 591/2 
 
 „ Cologne to Diisseldorf 341/2 
 
 „ Diisseldorf to Emmerich 661/2 
 
 „ Emmerich to Briel (German Ocean") 101 
 
 „ Bale to the German Ocean 526 
 
 Average Depth of the Rhine. Feet 
 
 Between Bale and Strassburg 3-12 
 
 „ Strassburg and Mayence 5-25 
 
 „ Mayence and Bonn 9-76 
 
 At the Lurlei 76 
 
 Between Bonn and Cologne 10-30 
 
 „ Cologne and Diisseldorf 12-66
 
 xvii 
 
 VI. Walking Excursions. 
 
 The pedestrian is unquestionably the most independent of 
 travellers, and to him alone the beautiful scenery of some of the 
 more remote districts is accessible. For a short tour a couple of 
 flannel shirts, a pair of worsted stockings, slippers, the articles 
 of the toilet, a light waterproof, and a stout umbrella will generally 
 be found a sufficient equipment. Strong and well-tried boots are 
 essential to comfort. Heavy and complicated knapsacks should be 
 avoided; a light pouch or game-bag is far less irksome, and its 
 position may be shifted at pleasure. A more extensive reserve of 
 clothing should not exceed the limits of a small portmanteau, which 
 can be easily wielded, and may be forwarded from town to town 
 by post. 
 
 The banks of the Rhine abound in charming scenery, which it 
 will amply reward the pedestrian to explore ; many districts replete 
 with both historical and natural interest are described in the fol- 
 lowing pages. The following are especially recommended to the 
 notice of traveUers : The Seven Mts. (R. 13), the Eifel (R. 26), 
 the banks of the Moselle (R. 25), the Black Forest (R. 48) , the 
 Vosges (RR. 42, 44), the environs of Schaffhausen and Falls of the 
 Rhine , and the neighbourhood of Constance. By consulting the 
 Handbook the traveller will discover many attractive spots , both in 
 these and other districts. 
 
 VII. Hotels. 
 
 The first-class hotels in the principal towns and watering-places 
 throughout Germany are generally good and somewhat expensive; 
 but it frequently happens that in old-fashioned hotels of unassum- 
 ing exterior, particularly in places off the beaten track , the travel- 
 ler finds more real comfort and much lower charges. 
 
 The average charges in the first-class hotels are as follows : 
 bed from 21/2 Jl^ plain breakfast 1 Jt, dinner 3 Jl, table wine 1 Ji^ 
 tea with meat IJI^ attendance 1 Jl^ light 1 Jt^ boots extra. 
 
 When the traveller remains for a week or more at a hotel, it is 
 advisable to pay , or at least call for his account every two or three 
 days, in order that erroneous insertions may be detected. Verbal 
 reckonings are objectionable , except in some of the more remote 
 and primitive districts where bills are never written. A waiter's 
 mental arithmetic is faulty, and the faults are seldom in favour 
 of the traveller. A favourite practice is to present the bill at the 
 last moment, when mistakes or wilful imposition cannot easily 
 be detected or rectified. Those who purpose starting early in the 
 morning will do well to ask for their bills on the previous evening. 
 
 English travellers often impose considerable trouble by ordering 
 things almost unknown in German usage ; and if ignorance of the 
 language be added to want of conformity to the customs , mis- 
 
 Baedeker's Rhine. 12th Edit. \^
 
 xviii GEOLOGY. 
 
 understandings and disputes are apt to ensue. The reader is there- 
 fore recommended to acquire if possible such a moderate proficiency 
 in the language as to render him intelligible to the servants, and to 
 endeavour to adapt his requirements to the habits of the country. 
 For this purpose Baedeker's Manual of Conversation will be found 
 useful. 
 
 Valets-de-place generally charge 2-3 Jl for half-a-day , and 
 '^^l<i,-^Jl for a whole day. 
 
 VIII. Geology of the Rhine. 
 
 For geologists Von Dechen''s map of the Rhenish Province and West- 
 phalia (Berlin, pub. by Schropp) is of great value. Scale 1:80,000. The 
 map is divided into 34 sections, price 3 m. each. 
 
 From Bale to Bingen the valley of the Rhine is lake-like and 
 filled with comparatively recent deposits , but at the latter place it 
 suddenly changes its character, and becomes so narrow that room is 
 barely left for the high-roads and railways which traverse it. The 
 river flows swiftly between almost perpendicular rocks of consider- 
 able height, intersected here and there by ravines. Towards Coblenz 
 the valley gradually expands, the hills become less abrupt, and tlie 
 rocks disappear. From Coblenz to Andernach a broad basin extends 
 on both sides of the stream, which at the latter again enters a rocky 
 defile. Near Bonn the river gradually widens, and the 'Seven 
 Mountains' appear, forming the grand closing scene of the picturesque 
 portion of the Rhine. This chain of mountains, in diminished pro- 
 portions, accompanies the Rhine on its right bank as far as Cologne, 
 Diisseldorf, and nearly to Duisburg. Below the mouth of the Ruhr 
 the country is uniformly fiat. 
 
 Between Bingen and Bonn the Rhine Valley thus intersects 
 an extensive range of high land, consisting of upheaved and 
 contorted strata of slatey-grauwacke and quartzose-rock^ one of the 
 oldest formations in which fossils are found. Since the fossili- 
 ferous strata have been more accurately classified, the Rhenish 
 slate mountains are believed to hold the second place according 
 to age among these formations , belonging to what is termed by 
 Sir Roderick Murchison the Devonian System, while the oldest for- 
 mation of this class is known as the Silurian. 
 
 From Bingen to the confluence of the Sieg below Bonn, all the 
 strata intersected by the Rhine belong to the same epoch, as they 
 contain the same organic remains. These strata consist of many 
 difl'erent kinds of clay-slate^ the purest of which is the roofing -slate. 
 The latter is yielded in great abundance by various quarries on the 
 banks of the Rhine, e.g. those of Caub (p. 113), whence it is sent 
 in all directions, even as far as Switzerland. The clay-slate forms 
 transitions to the species of sandstone termed grauwacke. It is 
 generally fine-grained, and in combination with a quartzose ce- 
 menting matter passes into quartzose-rock, which owing to its inde-
 
 GEOLOGY. xix 
 
 struotibility often assumes grotesque shapes, and between Bingen 
 and St. Goar greatly enhances the beauty of the valley. 
 
 Between the period when the Rhine first began to force 
 its passage through the above-mentioned mountainous district, 
 and that during which the strata forming these highlands were 
 deposited at the bottom of what was then an ocean, a vast in- 
 terval must have elapsed. The formation of the valley from Bingen 
 to the sea is more recent than the deposits of the middle section 
 of the Tertiary system, the Meiocene of Sir Charles Lyell, in 
 which the clays of Vallendar and the brown coals of the Wester- 
 wald, the Seven Mountains, and the neighbourhood of Briihl are 
 found. Of equal age with these tertiary formations are the basalts 
 of the Rhine (p. 65), which occur in the most fantastic shapes 
 near Linz, Kaisersberg, and Ockenfels, on the Erpeler Lei, on the 
 Birgeler Kopf, at Rolandseck (where the railway has laid bare some 
 curiously-situated columns), on the Oelberg, Petersberg, Nonnen- 
 stromberg, and other peaks of the Seven Mts. 
 
 The Rhine Valley is then, geologically considered, of very 
 recent formation; and the extinct volcanoes, of which numerous 
 cones may be seen from Neuwied, such as the Camillenberg and 
 the peaks of the Hummerich at Plaidt and Kruft, are still more 
 recent. From the peak at Fornich a stream of lava , whose large 
 perpendicular columns may be seen from the river, descends into 
 the valley. The latter had nearly attained its present depth when 
 the eruption which produced this stream of lava took place. This is 
 proved by the fact, that all the other lava-streams near the Laacher 
 See and in the Eifel have been poured into valleys already formed. 
 The pumice-stone, which extends over the whole basin of Neuwied 
 (comp. pp. 69, 93 ), the only place in Germany where this volcanic 
 product is found, must have been discharged at a still more recent 
 date than most of the lava-streams. 
 
 In the flat parts of the valley of the Rhine, are found beds 
 of loam and rubble, at first narrow, and then gradually widen- 
 ing, which have been deposited by the stream. Similar masses are 
 also met with on the terraces parallel with the river, at a height 
 of 400-800 ft. above the water. The strata could only have been 
 deposited by the agency of flowing water, and must have been 
 deposited long before the valley attained its present depth. These 
 terraces are distinguishable by their long horizontal ridges from 
 the peaks formed by the uncovered slate; they prove that the 
 Rhine Valley has been gradually hollowed out by the action of 
 water, though its rugged aspect might give rise to the conjecture 
 that it had been the result of some mighty convulsion of nature.
 
 IX. Climate. Grape Cure. 
 
 The climate of the valley of the Lower Rhine is influenced by 
 the proximity of the North Sea, -which renders the temperature 
 remarkably equable. To the same influence are due the mild 
 autumns enjoyed by the districts on the central Rhine, where the 
 mean temperature is 3-6" Fahr. higher than that of the correspond- 
 ing portions of E. Germany. A tour in the Rhenish provinces is 
 therefore still enjoyable at a season when the Alps and the moun- 
 tainous districts of Central Germany are beginning to feel the 
 frosts of the coming winter. This geniality of climate is also very 
 favourable to the ripening of the grapes ; and hence it is that 
 the ^ Grape Cure\ a very popular continental institution, long 
 established in the Southern Tyrol and on the banks of the Lake 
 of Geneva, has been introduced into the Rhenish Provinces also. 
 
 Grapes when eaten in moderate quantity (1-2 lbs. daily) have 
 a soothing effect on the mucous membrane, and in conjunction 
 with a generous diet contribute materially to restore the strength 
 of convalescents. When eaten in greater quantities (3-8 lbs. daily), 
 the vegetable acid and salts produce an effect similar to that of 
 mineral waters containing Glauber's or common salt. The grapes 
 of the Rhenish Palatinate ('Gutedel' or 'Junker', and 'Oester- 
 reicher' or 'Sylvaner') are large, thin-skinned, and well-flavoured, 
 and hence this district is the centre of the 'Cure'. Gleisweilcr 
 (p. 256) is especially frequented on account of its favourable 
 situation and the proximity of the vineyards, in which visitors 
 may gather the grapes for themselves. The grapes of Durkheim 
 (p. 253), Annweiler (p. 265), Edenkoben (p. 256), and Neustadt 
 (p. 255) are also in great request. Good dessert-grapes may, 
 however, be procured almost everywhere. on the Rhine, and the 
 grape-cure may be undergone at Honnef, the Laubbach. Boppard, 
 St. Goarshausen, RiJdesheim, Wiesbaden, BadenweUer. and numer- 
 ous other summer-resorts. 
 
 X. Wines of the Rhine and Moselle. 
 
 Wine is a subject to which those who visit the land of the grape 
 will naturally expect some allusion, and although it must necessa- 
 rily be noticed but briefly in a work like the present, the following 
 remarks may prove acceptable. 
 
 No error has been more prevalent than that the Rhenish and 
 Moselle wines possess an injurious acidity. Liebig on the contrary 
 affirms, not only that the exquisite bouquet of the Rhine wines 
 is owing to the free acid which they contain , but that some of 
 their most salutary properties arise from the tartar present in them. 
 To this he attributes the immunity enjoyed by those who use 
 the German wines from the uric acid diathesis. Dr. Prout, among
 
 WINE. xxi 
 
 many others who have investigated the subject, may be mentioned 
 as entertaining the same opinion. Another advantage possessed by 
 Khenish wines is the total absence of brandy, an ingredient with 
 which the wines of Spain, Portugal, and Sicily are almost invariably 
 fortified, to the utter destruction of their flavour, and the injury 
 of the health of the consumer. The diseases which attack spirit- 
 drinkers, chiefly disorders of the liver, are commonly met with 
 amongst consumers of fortified wines , though such maladies rarely 
 follow even the intemperate use of pure wine. That the addition 
 of alcohol to wine is unnecessary for its preservation is proved by 
 the fact that Rhine wines often retain their excellence for half-a- 
 century, although they seldom contain more than eight or nine per 
 cent of alcohol. The very property of keeping is indeed mainly 
 attributable to the fact that the fermentation is more perfect in 
 Khenish wines than in those of Spain and Portugal, where fermen- 
 tation is checked by the addition of brandy. With the white wines 
 of France the same object is effected by sulphuration. By these 
 processes the richness and sweetness of new wine are artificially and 
 unwholesomely retained. 
 
 While the palm must be yielded to France for her red wines, 
 no country in the world can compete with the Rhenish Provinces in 
 the vast variety and excellence of the white wines which they 
 produce. On the banks of the Rhine from Mayence to Bonn, a dis- 
 tance of 90 M. , the cultivation of the vine may be seen in the 
 greatest possible perfection. 
 
 The traveller who finds the table-wine of the hotels unpala- 
 table, and whose eye wanders in bewilderment over the 'Wein- 
 karte', is recommended to select a bottle of still Hock or Moselle 
 at 3-4 Jt per bottle, at which price the taste ought to be grati- 
 fied. The hotel prices of the high-class still wines, as well as of 
 the sparkling wines, are often exorbitant. 
 
 The Bheingau, a district about 15 M. in length, produces the 
 finest wines of the Rhine. Here is situated Schloss Johannisberg, 
 a most favoured spot, yielding a wine almost without rival. As the 
 celebrated vineyards do not exceed 40 acres in area, little of this 
 rare product falls to the share of the ordinary public. Moreover the 
 first quality is only obtained in the finest seasons; the grapes 
 are selected with the utmost care from the ripest bunches , not 
 a drop of the precious juice being allowed to escape ; the yield, 
 under the most favourable circumstances, is therefore very limited. 
 The various qualities of this wine are sold in the cask at Schloss 
 .Johannisberg by public auction. It is remarkable for raciness, de- 
 licacy of flavour, and bouquet, rather than for strength. The other 
 wines of the vicinity, distinguished by the name of Johannisberg- 
 fClaus, and those yielded by the vineyards of Count Schonborn, are 
 also highly esteemed. There is also 'Johannisberger' produced from 
 the vineyards of the village of that name, but this is inferior to
 
 xxii WINE. 
 
 many of tho otlier prodiicts of the Rheingau. In this iieighbovir- 
 liood Ate Rildesheim and Geisenheim, both producing first-class wines. 
 lUngen is a favourable district for strong wines; the hill behind it 
 yields Scharlachberger. Below Bingen , on the opposite bank , is 
 Assmannshausen, the red wine of which holds a high rank and in 
 good vintages vies with Burgundy of the best class, being made from 
 the same species of grape ; but unfortunately, like the latter, it is 
 often impaired by travelling. The Marcobrunn vineyard, between 
 Hattenheim and Erbach^ produces a white wine of exquisite flavour 
 and bouquet. The wines, however, which compete most successfully 
 with Johannisberger and trench closely upon its celebrity are the 
 Steinberger, produced from the carefully-cultivated vineyards on the 
 hill at the back of Hattenheim, and the Eauenthaler Berg (p. 129), 
 the best vintages of which are unsurpassed in flavour and quality. 
 Hochheim, situated on the Main, yields a wine of very superior 
 quality, and has given the name of 'Hock' to the produce of the 
 country generally. 
 
 The Valley of the Rhine below Bingen produces many pleasant 
 and wholesome wines, but inferior to the above. Those of Enge- 
 holl, Steeg, Oberwesel, and Boppard may be mentioned among the 
 white. The Rheinbleicherte (i.e. 'bleich rothe', or pale red) of 
 Steeg, Oberwesel, and Bacharach, and the light-red wines of Salzig, 
 Camp, Horchheim, the Kreuzberg (near Ehrenbreitstein), and TJrbar 
 are also esteemed. Most of the wines grown below Coblenz are light- 
 red. Linz produces excellent Rheinbleicherte. 
 
 Rhenish Bavaria yields a vast quantity of white wine, gener- 
 ally known as wine of the Haardt, or Palatinate. The best 
 qualities are those of Ruppertsberg , Deidesheim, and Forst, after 
 which rank those of Vngstein, Durkheim, Wachenheim, and Konigs- 
 bach. Good red wines are grown at Gimmeldingen and Callstadt. The 
 inferior wines of this district usually have a coarse, earthy flavour. 
 
 Rhenish Hessen produces the excellent Scharlachberger above 
 mentioned, next to which rank Niersteiner, Oppenheimer, Lau- 
 benheimer, and Bodenheinier, all pleasant wines, but less delicate 
 than those of the Rheingau. Liebfrauenmilch ('Lait de Notre Dame') 
 is a good sound wine which owes much of its reputation to the su- 
 perior wines sold under that name, and to the quaintness of the 
 name itself. The vineyards where it is grown (p. 251) are incapable 
 of producing a tenth part of the wine usually so called. The flat 
 vineyards of Ingelheim between Mayence and Bingen yield a good 
 light-red wine. 
 
 The Nahe wines, like those of the Palatinate, possess considerable 
 body, but little flavour. That of the Scharlachberg near Bingen is 
 sometimes classed as a Nahe wine, and is the best of this group. 
 
 The Valley of the Ahr is the most northern point at which the 
 grape is successfully cultivated. Its light and wholesome ^Ahr- 
 bleicherte' are chiefly consumed in the neighbourhood of their growth.
 
 WINE. xxiii 
 
 They are strengthening and astringent in their properties, and 
 resemble Bnrgundy of an inferior class. The best are those of 
 Walporzheim, Ahrweiler, and Bodendorf. 
 
 The Moselle wines are chiefly grown amidst rugged and sterile- 
 looking slate rocks, and owing to the narrowness of the valley and 
 want of sun do not so frequently arrive at perfection as those of other 
 districts. They are distinguished by their delicate, aromatic flavour, 
 and are considered remarkably wholesome, being frequently recom- 
 mended to persons of sedentary habits. The best are Brauneberger 
 and Ohligsberger, which possess a delicious 'bouquet', next to which 
 may be placed the wines ofZeltingen, Graach, Pisport, and Griinhaus. 
 
 The Saar wines possess less body than those of the Moselle, but 
 surpass them in aroma, and contain a larger proportion of carbonic 
 acid gas. Scharzhofberger is a most excellent wine of this district. 
 
 Markgrafler, the wine of the Duchy of Baden (Affenthal red, 
 Klingenberg white), the wines of Alsace, the Neckar wines, and 
 those of the Bergstrasse (pp. 226, 229) are almost entirely con- 
 sumed in their respective districts. The Franconian wines which 
 grow on the Main near Wiirzburg are abundant, but generally coarse 
 and earthy in flavour. Leisten-Wein and Stein- Wein are, however, 
 really good varieties. 
 
 The difference which exists among the products of the various 
 vintages on the Khine presents a marked contrast to the tolerably 
 uniform quality maintained by the wines of Southern Europe. The 
 best wiue-vears of the present centurv on the Rhine have been 1802, 
 1804, 1807, 1811, 1815, 1819, 1822, 1825, 1827, 1834, 1835, 
 1842, 1846, 1848, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1861, 1862, 1865, 1869, 
 and 1874, and good average vintages occurred in 1875, 1876, 1878, 
 1880, 1881, 1884 (the best since 1874), and 1886. But even in 
 these years the yield was by no means uniformly excellent in all 
 parts of the Rhineland. The climatic conditions are not the same 
 in all the districts; dift'erent years seem to suit the different kinds 
 of vine; and the vineyards in the most favoured positions, where 
 the grapes ripen soonest, often suffer the most severely from the 
 early spring frosts. Thus the yield of the year 1865 was copious 
 and of good quality except in the Rheingau , and the same district 
 fell short in the vintage of 1875, which was unusually excellent at 
 Deidesheim and Forst in the Palatinate. In a full 'autumn', whicli 
 is hardly ever attained , a -morgen' (about 3/5 acre) of land , with 
 3500-4000 vines, should yield 5 'ohm' (about 150 gallons) of wine. 
 
 Sparkling Wines. The effervescing German wines were first 
 manufactured at Esslingen (in 1826), Wiirzburg, and Treves, and 
 afterwards at Mayence, Hochheim, Riidesheim, Coblenz, and various 
 other places. These wines, generally known in England as Sparkling 
 Hock and Moselle, are distinguished from the French wines by the 
 predominance of the flavour of the grape , and when obtained in
 
 xxiv RHENISH ART. 
 
 unexceptionable quarters , are a light , pleasant , and wholesome 
 beverage. 
 
 The process is precisely the same as that employed in the pre- 
 paration of Champagne. The wine (which at the outset is an ordinary 
 still wine, worth Is. or I5. Gd. per bottle) is bottled after the first 
 fermentation is over; and, by the addition of a small quantity of 
 sugar and exposure to a moderately warm temperature, a second 
 fermentation and the generation of carbonic acid are produced. 
 The bottles are then placed on racks with their corks downwards, 
 Avhere they remain a month or more, and are opened several times 
 to allow the escape of the sediment. At this stage of the process as 
 many as 20-25 per cent of the bottles usually burst, while the 
 contents of the survivors are much diminished. When the wine 
 has thus been thoroughly clarified, the bottles are filled up, a small 
 quantity of syrup (cognac and sugar) is added to give the requisite 
 sweetness and body, and the final corking then takes place. The 
 sparkling wine thus laboriously prepared for the market is w^orth 
 more than double the original still wine from which it is manu- 
 factured. The inferior qualities are generally the most effervescent. 
 
 The traveller is cautioned against dealing with any but the most 
 respectable wine-merchants , and should remember that excellence 
 of quality is quite incompatible with lowness of price. As a pleasant 
 and wholesome summer beverage the Rhenish wines of the second 
 and third class may be imported at a moderate price , the duty 
 and carriage amounting to 4-5s. per dozen ; but the higher class of 
 Rhine-wine , of which Marcobrunner may be taken as a sample, 
 cannot be drunk in England under six or seven shillings a bottle. 
 
 XI. Rhenish Art. 
 
 In the valley of the Rhine we find that several different strata 
 of civilisation , if we may use the expression , had deposited them- 
 selves ere the rest of Germany had abandoned its primitive forest 
 life. The lowest of these strata, were a section of them exhibited 
 in geological fashion, would show an ante-Roman period, when the 
 natives carried on a busy trade with the Mediterranean seaports and 
 with Etruria. After Caesar's campaigns a new stratum was gradually 
 formed by the occupation of the country by Roman military colo- 
 nists. This stratum was afterwards sadly contorted and broken by 
 the storms of the barbarian migrations , and was at length almost 
 entirely covered by that of the Franconian-Christian period, which 
 began in the 7th century. 
 
 On Rhenish soil antiquarians will find frequent opportunities 
 of tracing back the history of human culture to its earliest begin- 
 nings, while the Roman relics are so numerous and important as to 
 arrest the eye of even the superficial observer. The Peutinger 
 Tablet , the mediaeval copy of a Roman map , now preserved at
 
 RHENISH ART. xxv 
 
 Vienna, shows the principal towns on the Rhine and also on the 
 tributaries of its leftside, together with the roads ronnecting them, 
 and even the baths and other public buildings with which they 
 were embellished. The Roman colonies on the Rhine, being chiefly 
 the headquarters of the different legions , always presented a mili- 
 tary character. Most of the existing monuments are accordingly 
 votive stones and tombstones of soldiers. The artistic forms are, 
 as a rule , somewhat primitive , while the subjects are frequently 
 borrowed from the Oriental worship of Mithras. We also find that 
 in some cases Gallic deities have been Romanised. The principal 
 collections of Roman antiquities are at the university of Bonn and 
 at Cologne, Mmjence, and Treves. At Treves, moreover, we obtain 
 an admirable idea of the character of a very important Roman pro- 
 vincial town. 
 
 Treves, the capital of Germania Inferior, and for a considerable 
 time an imperial residence , did not merely possess buildings of 
 practical utility like most of the other colonies, but was also embel- 
 lished with some of the noblest decorative Roman structures ever 
 erected north of the Alps. On the banks of the Moselle also, outside 
 the town, rose along series of villas, many of which were richly de- 
 corated with mosaics. Before the decline of the Roman supremacy 
 Christianity established itself on the banks of the Rhine , but 
 no churches of the earliest Christian epoch are now extant. The 
 only relics of that period are the nucleus of the cathedral of Treves, 
 a number of tombstones at Treves , and several monumental in- 
 scriptions, such as that in the porch of St. Gereon at Cologne. 
 
 In consequence of the barbarian migrations, the Roman-Christian 
 culture was afterwards almost completely buried beneath a new 
 stratum of German paganism, and the vast valley of the Rhine 
 relapsed into its primitive rudeness, although at Cologne and Treves 
 the arts were not entirely extinct. The Austrasian princes, however, 
 were munificent patrons of the church, and the Bishops of Treves 
 and Cologne (^Nicetius and Charentinus, about the middle of the 6th 
 cent.") distinguished themselves by their zeal for church-building. 
 
 The artistic efforts of the Merovingian period, of which the 
 Cathedral at Treves and the church of St. Gereon at Cologne are 
 almost the only authentic specimens, appear to have been very 
 insignificant compared with those of Charlemagne's reign (768- 
 814). In the prosecution of his numerous undertakings the great 
 emperor was not merely stimulated by his zeal for the promotion of 
 art, but by his ardent desire to revive the ancient glory of the 
 Roman empire and to invest his capital with all the splendour of 
 the ancient imperial residences , and particularly that of Ravenna. 
 The Carlovingian art was entirely centred around the court of the 
 emperor, and he was personally attended by a circle of scholars 
 called his academy. Among the members of the academy was 
 Einhard , who in consequence of his surname Bezaleel has been
 
 xx\i RHENISH ART. 
 
 supposed to have been familiar with art , but of whose labours iu 
 that sphere nothing certain is known. To him is attributed the 
 building of the Palace Chapel at Aix-la-Chapelle (now the Cathe- 
 dral) , which is still in comparatively good preservation. It is 
 obviously a copy of the court-chapel at Ravenna (S. Vitale), but 
 has been more judiciously and articulately designed, and has in its 
 turn served as a model for later edifices, for which either its ground- 
 plan [as at Ottmarsheim in Alsace^, or its double row of columns in 
 the interior of the rotunda (as in the case of St. Maria irh Capitol 
 at Cologne and the Miinster at Esseri)^ has been borrowed. 
 
 The magnificence of the palaces which the great emperor pos- 
 sessed on the banks of the Rhine was a favourite theme with the 
 poets and prose-writers of the day. According to their accounts the 
 Palace at Jngelheim was not inferior in splendour to that of Aix-la- 
 Chapelle itself , but of that edifice there is now no trace beyond a 
 few fragments of walls and of columns which have been transferred 
 to other buildings. — During the later Carlovingian period the 
 Rhineland again suffered severely from an irruption of barbarians. 
 At this period the Normans took possession of the banks of the 
 river and penetrated into its side-valleys ; but civilisation was now 
 too far advanced to be seriously retarded by this catastrophe. 
 
 Endowed with a rich art -heritage handed down by antiquity, 
 the Rhenish-Franconian tribes gradually overspread the country 
 after the middle of the 10th cent. , from which period down to the 
 Reformation the development of Rhenish art is traceable without 
 interruption. 
 
 In the Early Middle Ages (10th-12th cent.) Rhenish art 
 differed materially from that of most other parts of Germany in 
 being the product of an already cultivated soil, where ancient 
 models were abundant , while in these other districts it was the 
 growth of a soil previously untilled. On the banks of the Rhine 
 were preserved fragments of Roman and early Christian edifices ; 
 there the eye was familiar with architectural forms and mouldings; 
 in the Rhenish towns were always to be found artificers possessed 
 of considerable manual skill; and owing to the constant com- 
 munication kept up with foreign places skilled labour could always 
 be readily imported when necessary. Rhenish art was thus matured 
 considerably earlier than that of Lower Saxony and Swabia. At 
 the same time the features common to the whole of early medieval 
 art in the west recur in that of the Rhine also. The forms of 
 worship having been well defined in the early Christian period, 
 the churches all present a certain uniformity of appearance. Like 
 the early Christian basilicas, the Rhenish churches of the 10th- 
 12th cent, are of an elongated form; they possess aisles which are 
 lower and narrower than the nave ; the altar is placed at the round- 
 ed e xtremity of the nave ; and on the whole the basilica type is 
 preserved throughout.
 
 RHENISH ART. xxvii 
 
 Tlic Rhenish edifices also possess the characteristics of the 
 Romanesque Style , which are common to the great majority of 
 works of the 10th-12th centuries. In this st>Ie the pillars and 
 columns are connected by means of round arches, the doors and 
 windows also terminate in round arches, and the naves and aisles 
 are either covered with flat roofs or with groined vaulting of round- 
 ed form. The Cubical Capital, which was probably invented by 
 mediaeval architects for the purpose of forming a harmonious con- 
 necting link between the column and the arch above , is also used 
 in the Rhineland , and the copings and mouldings of the Rhenish 
 buildings are the same as those employed in the contemporaneous 
 edifices of "Western Europe. The Rhenish architecture, however, oc- 
 cupies an independent position of its own within the Romanesque 
 group. The character of the building-material (red sandstone or 
 tufa) , local traditions , and the prevalent taste of the period all 
 combine to impart to the Rhenish buildings a distinctive character 
 which seldom or never recurs in other countries. At an early period 
 the use of alternate courses of different colours came into vogue. 
 Thus we find arches faced with stone alternating with light-coloured 
 brick , the latter material having been taken from Roman ruins ; 
 and when the architects had exhausted their supply of bricks , the 
 art of making which was unknown in Germany in the early middle 
 ages , they produced the same effect by the use of dark and light 
 coloured stones. The copings on pillars and walls were generally 
 copied from Roman models , and the ancient Corinthian Capitals, 
 formed of a wreath of leaves, were copied with varying success. 
 The most curious instance of this is a^or dedhy t]xe Justinus-Kirche 
 at Hochst. the columns of which, though executed in the 11th 
 cent., look as if they had been borrowed from some ancient edifice. 
 The long-established practice of art, and the wealth which the 
 Rhenish towns succeeded in amassing at an early period, enabled 
 them gradually to extend the dimensions of their churches', to 
 develop the construction of vaulting earlier than elsewhere , and 
 to impart to their buildings a picturesque richness of effect. — 
 The same conditions were likewise favourable to the development 
 of the Goldsmith's Art, and that of Enamel Painting. The 
 Rhinelanders also attained considerable proficiency in Mural 
 Painting at an early period , but for the plastic art they displayed 
 less aptitude. 
 
 As early as the 11th cent, the practice of art and of artistic 
 handicrafts seems to have become naturalised in the Rhenish towns 
 and in those of Lorraine. In all the larger towns extensive building 
 operations were undertaken , and at the same time a number of 
 handsome abbey-churches sprang up. At /S<rass6wrgr a cathedral was 
 erected by Bishop Werner; at Cologne the archbishops Heribert and 
 Anno exhibited much zeal for church-building ; and at Treves the 
 cathedral was extended by Poppo. The grandest monuments of
 
 xxviii RHENISH ART. 
 
 German mediaeval art , however , are the three Cbntkal Rhrnish 
 Cathedrals of Spires, Mayence, and Worms, examples of the 
 golden prime of a style which began and also ended earlier here 
 than in other northern districts. It was not till the Gothic period 
 that France and England fully realised their architectural ideals, 
 while the independent exertions of German masters had already 
 culminated in their Romanesque cathedrals. It has frequently 
 been asserted that these cathedrals originally possessed flat roofs 
 only , and were not covered with vaulting till the 12th cent. ; but 
 it is at least probable in the ease of the cathedral of Spires that it 
 was completely vaulted in during the 11th cent., to which period 
 its huge crypt and massive articulation undoubtedly belong. The 
 charming Abbey Church ofLaach proves that vaulted churches were 
 easily and skilfully constructed in the first half of the 12th cent., 
 notwithstanding the novelty of the style. While the pillars of this 
 church are of uniform pattern and are placed at considerable inter- 
 vals, those of the Central Rhenish cathedrals are placed much 
 closer together, and those which bear the vaulting are differently 
 shaped from those supporting the arcades. 
 
 Towards the end of the 12th cent., and for a considerable part 
 of the 13th, Cologne was the chief cradle of Rhenish art. The sa- 
 credness of the city as the custodian of the highly revered relics of 
 the Magi, combined with the wealth and the political power of its 
 enterprising citizens, not only led to the rebuilding of all the prin- 
 cipal churches at this period, but was conducive to the general pro- 
 gress of architecture, and contributed to impart a rich and pictur- 
 esque decorative character to the city itself. The architects do not 
 seem to have aimed at grandeur of dimensions. The naves of the 
 churches are usually small and insignificant, but the builders ex- 
 pended their utmost skill on the embellishment of the choirs. The 
 apse, in combination with the rounded transepts , was regarded as 
 the nucleus of the church , the other distinctive features of which 
 consisted of the gable of the choir, the dome, and the towers. As an 
 example of the picturesque effect of this arrangement we may men- 
 tion the Church of the Apostles at Cologne when viewed from the 
 Neumarkt. At the same time variety of ornament , richness of ar- 
 ticulation, and pleasing effects of colour were also studied. Immed- 
 iately under the roof runs a gallery , which is of some structural 
 importance inasmuch as it lessens the dead weight of the wall, but 
 is also effective in a decorative point of view as the small columns 
 stand out in strong contrast to the dark background. Generally, 
 indeed, the Rhenish masters appear to have devoted much attention 
 to such effects of light and shade. Under the gallery runs a frieze 
 consisting of dark slabs framed with light-coloured stone ; the col- 
 umns and half-columns are of a different material from the walls 5 
 and even the wall-pillars are composed of differently-coloured stones. 
 In keeping with this picturesque character is the richness of the
 
 RHENISH ART. xxix 
 
 ornamentation. The architects were not satisfied with straight and 
 simple lines. Their windows are either round or fan-shaped , and 
 they are disposed in groups or enclosed within a pointed arch. The 
 portals consist of archways resting on several columns ; the space 
 above the doors is filled with sculpture ; and the facade is enlivened 
 with narrow pillars and entwined arches. Buildings of this char- 
 acter, which are typical of the Rhineland, and occur in almost every 
 town of any importance, are usually described as belonging to tlie 
 Transitioxal Style, as if the forms recurring in them were iden- 
 tical with those which pave the way for the Gothic. The term, 
 however, is entirely misapplied, as it is impossible in the rich and 
 handsome Rhenish churches of the 12th and beginning of the 13th 
 cent, to discover the slightest germ of the Gothic style. The style 
 may, however, be appropriately characterised as the final and most 
 ornate manifestation of Romanesque architecture, a definition which 
 is borne out by the general tendencies of Rhenish art. As an auxil- 
 iary of this style we may now mention the art of Mural Painting, 
 which was developed at an unusually early period. Most of these 
 paintings were unfortunately covered with whitewash at a later pe- 
 riod, but those still existing (at Schwarz-Rheindorf^ opposite Bonn, 
 the paintings of which resemble a symbolic poem , at Brauweiler 
 near Cologne, in St. Maria im Capitol at Cologne, etc.) exhibit a 
 rich and thoughtful style of composition, and show that the painters 
 were skilled in drawing and even in the delineation of complicated 
 action. We cannot with any certainty judge of the colouring, but 
 we at least possess sufficient materials to warrant the inference that 
 the art of wall-painting was industriously practised on the banks of 
 the Rhine as early as the second half of the 12th century. 
 
 This prevalent branch of the Romanesque style, with its highly 
 developed ornamentation, was not hastily abandoned by the Rhenish 
 masters, and it was not till about the year 1250 that the Gothic 
 Style, introduced from France, was completely nationalised in this 
 part of Germany. The precise manner in which the Gothic archi- 
 tecture, with its spirited flying buttresses, lofty vaulting, and other 
 members relieving the monotony of the walls , was introduced into 
 the valley of the Rhine is unknown ; but it was probably adopted 
 simultaneously at several different points. At Cologne we observe 
 in the church of St. Gereon an attempt to apply the new precepts to 
 the old forms, and in the church of the Minorites we have a some- 
 what plain example of Gothic dating from the middle of the 13th 
 century. In the Liebfrauenkirche at Treves the Gothic forms were 
 successfully adapted at an early period to an unusual ground-plan. 
 The Cistercian Church at Marienstatt in Nassau is a fine example of 
 the early Gothic style, destitute as yet of all ornamentation, and to 
 the same style belong the church of Rufach in Alsace and the west- 
 ern parts of St. Thomas at Strasshurg. In the second half of the 
 13th cent, began the construction of the great Gothic Cathedrals.
 
 XXX RHENISH ART. 
 
 Those of Cologne and Metz were designed entirely in the Gothic 
 style, while at Strassburg and Freiburg the earlier Romanesque be- 
 ginnings were adapted to the new Gothic work. Goethe has con- 
 tributed much to immortalise the name of Erwin of Steinbach, who 
 is usually described as the originator of the cathedral of Strassburg, 
 but that master's actual share of the work seems to have been limit- 
 ed to the facade and the raising of the nave and aisles , including 
 the disposition of the windows. The masters of the Strassburg as 
 well as of the Cologne cathedral must have been thoroughly con- 
 versant with the details of French Gothic , but they were very far 
 from being mere mechanical copyists. The fa^,adc at Cologne and 
 the tower at Strassburg are entirely emanations of German imagi- 
 nation. In order, however, to convince himself of the independence 
 of the German masters of the Gothic style the traveller must not 
 confine his attention to the great cathedrals. Among the Smaller 
 Gothic Churches he will discover frequent proofs of originality 
 and not a few gems of architecture. Among these smaller churches 
 we may mention the grave and dignified Abbey Church of Altenberg , 
 near Cologne, and the Collegiate Church of Xanten , erected under 
 the influence of Cologne masters ; the superb Church of St. Cathe- 
 rine at Oppenheim and the ponderous Cathedral of Frankfort on the 
 Central Rhine ; and lastly , in Alsace, the Church of St. George slI 
 Schlettstadt, the Church of SS. Peter and Paul at Weissenburg, the 
 church of Nieder-Haslach , and that of Thann, with its graceful 
 tower. The numerous churches of the Mendicant and Dominican 
 orders, some of which have nave and aisles of equal height, are gen- 
 erally too plain and monotonous to arouse mucTi general interest. 
 
 The highest efforts of the Gothic architects in this part of Ger- 
 many were devoted to the building of churches, but the Rhenish 
 districts also contain Secular Edifices , including castles, town- 
 halls , guild-houses , and private mansions , which present Gothic 
 forms or at least Gothic characteristics. 
 
 The eye, however, is less frequently struck by buildings of this 
 class than by the churches, partly because well-preserved examples 
 are now comparatively rare, and partly because in secular archi- 
 tecture generally there is usually less room for marked changes of 
 style. Throughout the whole of the middle ages the dwelling-houses, 
 for example, were constructed of timber, and the character of their 
 ornamentation was rather determined by the nature of the material 
 than by the fashion of the day. Even in the case of the stone 
 houses the projecting upper stories frequently recall the style of 
 their wooden predecessors. The architectural character of the 
 palaces, chateaux, and castles, on the other hand , was necessarily 
 determined by military considerations. As the requirements of both 
 defensive and offensive operations were almost equally important 
 during the 11th cent, and again during the 13th, the chateaux and 
 castles retained the same forms for several centuries. Of Barba-
 
 RHENISH ART. xxxi 
 
 rossa's residence at Gelnhausen, an imperial palace of the Roman- 
 esque period, there still exist considerable ruins. The palace of the 
 same emperor at Hagenau (_1157) was entirely destroyed during 
 the Thirty Years' War. Among the mediteval Castles those of 
 Alsace are very numerous and important. The most considerable 
 are the three Castles of Rappoltsweiler, that of Hoh-Barr near Sa- 
 verne (1170), the Hohen-Konigsburg, the Wasenburg, near Nieder- 
 bronn, and the Lichtenberg near Neuweiler, the last three belonging 
 to the Gothic period. Most of the hills on the banks of the Rhine 
 and its tributaries are also crowned with the ruins of mediaeval 
 castles. In most cases the pinnacled Bergfried, or Donjon, which 
 was used both for purposes of attack and defence, is still standing ; 
 remains of the Palace, or dwelling-house, are also frequently pre- 
 served ; and in many cases the outworks, gateways, and towers by 
 which the approach to the castle was protected are still traceable. 
 These ruins, however, which impart so picturesque a charm to the 
 scenery of the Rhine, rarely possess much artistic value. The most 
 interesting of the Rhenish castles is that of Reichenberg, near St. 
 Goarshausen, with its three stories borne by columns. 
 
 The Gothic architecture is also notable for the richness of its 
 Plastic Oilnamentation. The portals and the various niches 
 and canopies are generally filled with statues, and the gables and 
 other parts of the building adorned with reliefs. The finest speci- 
 mens of Gothic statuary are to be seen on the Portals of the Lieb- 
 frauenkirche at Treves and the Cathedrals of Strassburg and Frei- 
 burg. The Statues of the Apostles in the choir of the Cologne Cathe- 
 dral also afford evidence that the Gothic sculpture was sometimes 
 richly coloured. The same cathedral also contains the Monument 
 of Archbishop Conrad v. Hochstaden, the finest specimen of bronze 
 statuary of the Gothic period. The numerous tombstones of that 
 period must also be examined by the student of the progress of 
 Gothic sculpture, such as those of Archbishop Siegfried, Peter Aspelt, 
 and Johann von Nassau, in the Cathedral of Mayence, and those of 
 Giinther von Schwarzburg and Holzhausen and his Wife in the Ca- 
 thedral of Frankfort. The best examples of late- Gothic sculpture, 
 which afterwards degenerated into a mere handicraft, are to be found 
 in the altars of carved wood. 
 
 Throughout the middle ages, however, Rhenish artists evinc- 
 ed more aptitude for the art of Paiktixg than for that of sculpture. 
 The stained glass at Strassburg, Cologne, and Oppenheim, and the 
 remains of llth cent, mural paintings at Cologne are not less val- 
 uable than the easel-pictures of the 15th cent, which are still pre- 
 served. At this period, as in the 12th cent., Cologne continued to 
 be the cradle of Rhenish art. The Cologne School of Paixtikg 
 was the first of those which attained to any celebrity on German 
 soil. The earliest master of the school known to us by name is 
 Meister Wilheim, who flourished at the end of the 14th cent., and
 
 xxxii RHENISH ART. 
 
 from whose brush we possess one authentic work in the faded mural 
 paintings of the Hansa-Saal in the Rathhaus of Cologne (now pre- 
 served in the Museum). A number of easel-pieces, such as the 
 altar-piece of St. Clara in the cathedral , are attributed to him with 
 little or no foundation. There is, however, better authority for 
 attributing to Meister Stephan Lochner the execution of the Dom- 
 bild, the finest German painting of the 15th century. This master, 
 who was a native of the district of Constance, and died in 1451, 
 has been successful in substituting figures of considerable spirit 
 and life for the traditional types of his predecessors , with their 
 emaciated limbs, their undeveloped busts , and their childish ex- 
 pression of countenance, but he has failed to take the next step to- 
 wards fidelity to nature in omitting to individualise his characters. 
 His female figures are all exactly alike, and his male figures, though 
 divided into young and old, are also destitute of distinctive charac- 
 ter. In his treatment of the drapery, weapons, gold trinkets, 
 and all other external accessories, however, Meister Stephan cannot 
 be reproached Avith the fault of monotony ; in executing these de- 
 tails he is scrupulously faithful to nature, and his task was doubt- 
 less facilitated by his occasional use of the newly-invented art of 
 oil-painting. The Dombild and the somewhat earlier Seminary 
 Madonna (preserved in the Archiepiscopal Museum") are the most 
 important works of this school, the career of which somewhat re- 
 sembled that of the early Flemish school under the leadership of 
 Hubert van Eyck. The Rhenish masters, however, were soon sur- 
 passed by their Flemish contemporaries, and ere long entirely lost 
 their independence. About the end of the 15th cent, the art of 
 painting in the Rhineland was at length thoroughly pervaded with 
 Flemish influence. The new style, however, was least successfully 
 imitated on the Lower Rhine, and particularly at Cologne. A 
 number of pictures of the end of the 15th and beginning of the 
 16th cent. , collected by the brothers Boisseree and Hr. Wallraf, 
 which were formerly ascribed to Netherlands masters, have recently 
 been pronounced to be the works of painters of Cologne, not only 
 from the fact that they were found in churches of Cologne , but 
 owing to their marked Lower Rhenish characteristics. They pre- 
 sent at the same time strong traces of Flemish influence, but the 
 Flemish models are either exaggerated or but rudely imitated. The 
 drawing is stiff , the colouring gaudy , and the expression harsh. 
 These works are generally classed in accordance with their subjects ; 
 and we thus frequently hear of the 'Master of the Lyversberg Pas- 
 sion', the 'Master of the St. Bartholomew', and other equally vague 
 designations. The historian of art will find abundant opportunity 
 of studying this school in the Museum of Cologne , but the subject 
 is not one that will interest ordinary travellers. One of the best 
 masters of the Lower Rhine was Jan Joest of Calcar , who painted 
 the high altar-piece in the principal church there about 1505.
 
 RHENISH ART. xxxiii 
 
 Portrait-painting was also practised -with some success at this period 
 by Barthel de Bruyn. Johann von Mehlem. and others. 
 
 The Upper Rhenish and Alemannian School of Painting 
 had a more prosperous career than the Lo\yer Rhenish. The masters 
 of this school also succumbed to Flemish influence, but they suc- 
 ceeded in making a better use of Tvhat they had learned in the 
 Netherlands. At the head of the school was Martin Schongauer of 
 Colmar (d. 1488), a pupil of Roger van der Weyden, and more 
 famous as an engrave? than as a painter. The engraver's art , in- 
 deed, fostered by the advance of scientific pursuits , was moie 
 rapidly and successfully developed than that of painting. The 
 Younger Holbein, Mathias Grunewald , and Hans Baldung Grien 
 were also members of this school, but as their training was not 
 strictly Rhenish they are only mentioned here in passing. 
 
 When, at a somewhat later period, the tide of the Benaissauce 
 overflowed theRhineland, it met with little or no resistance. After 
 a brief conflict with the Gothic architecture, which gave rise to the 
 erection of a number of curious buildings in a mixed style, the 
 Renaissance, introduced from France and Flanders, and possessing 
 little in common with the genuine Italian Renaissance, became 
 naturalised on the banks of the Rhine about the middle of the 16th 
 century. This new style of art, however, never throve satisfactorily 
 on Rhenish soil, partly because the Rhineland had ceased to be a 
 great centre of civilisation as it had been in the middle ages, part- 
 ly because the sway of ecclesiastical princes is less favourable to the 
 steady progress of art than that of hereditary sovereigns, and also 
 because this unfortunate region was the theatre of numerous wars 
 which of course paralysed all artistic effort. Although Renaissance 
 art never took the form of a permanent and organic system, it has 
 bequeathed to the Rhineland several works of great importance. 
 Foremost among these is the Castle of Heidelberg, the most sumptu- 
 ous example of German Renaissance, next to which we may men- 
 tion the Porch of the Rathhaus of Cologne, the fragment of the 
 Rathhaus of Jiilich, and the Schloss of Aschaffenburg . On the Upper 
 Rhine, in the Palatinate, and in Baden we encounter a number of 
 handsome chateaux and pleasing houses in the Renaissance style of 
 the 16th cent., but as a rule all other styles were completely over- 
 shadowed and obscured by that of the Jesuits. 
 
 The history of the Plastic Art of the Renaissance period is 
 traceable in the numerous tombstones of the 16th and 17th cen- 
 turies, which are to be found not only in the large churches of the 
 principal towns, but also in smaller and more remote places, such 
 as Simmern, Boppard, and St. Arnual near Saarbriicken. A strik- 
 ingly-beautiful work of a late period is the tomb of the saint in the 
 Church of St. Ursula at Cologne, which was executed in 1619. 
 
 The dependence of the Rhineland on the Netherlands, which is 
 often noticeable in the province of architecture, is still more ob- 
 
 Baedekke's Rhine, iith Edit. C
 
 xxxiv RHENISH ART. 
 
 vious in the Painting of this period. Numerous Netherlands 
 masters migrated to the German courts, and the Germans them- 
 selves imitated these foreign masters, even when they drew their 
 Inspirations from the Italians. In the second half of the 16th 
 cent, the German masters fell under the influence of the Dutch 
 school, and when French taste came to he in vogue they again 
 yielded their homage to the fashion of the day. Many of these 
 painters, even down to the 18th cent., such as Junker, Seekatz, 
 and Roos of Frankfort, possessed considerable natural ability and 
 manual skill, but at the present day their works are well-nigh 
 consigned to oblivion. 
 
 The most imposing of the Rhenish edifices of last century are 
 the palaces in the Rococo or Baroqub Style, erected by the vari- 
 ous petty Rhenish princes, temporal and spiritual, in imitation of 
 tho palace of Versailles, such as those of Carlsruhe, Mannheim, 
 Bruchsal, Briihl, and Bonn. 
 
 At the close of the century the Rhenish principalities were 
 swept away by the French Revolution, and with them were extin- 
 guished the last signs of the vitality of art. After the restoration 
 of peace, however, a revival began to take place. Boisseree's col- 
 lection was the means of bringing early Rhenish art into very 
 favourable notice and of inspiring the public with confidence in the 
 capabilities of Rhenish artists. The 'Romanticists' were desirous 
 that Cologne should be made the new centre of art and science, but 
 in 1818 the university was founded at Bonn, and in 1819 the 
 academy atDussBLDORF. The painter Cornelius, who was appoint- 
 ed director of the academy, and who usually spent the winter 
 only at Diisseldorf (and the summer at Miinich), exercised no great 
 influence on the progress of Rhenish art. He was succeeded by 
 Wilhelm Schadow (1827), under whose able guidance the Diissel- 
 dorf School was brought into the right track and secured the favour 
 of the public. The chief subjects of the painters of this period are 
 scenes from private life, melancholy, sentimental, and humorous, or 
 poetical themes readily intelligible to the middle classes of society, 
 and their style is generally pleasing. Some of the masters of this 
 school, and particularly Leasing, have also chosen themes of the 
 deepest national interest. Fifty years have elapsed since the Diissel- 
 dorf School first attained celebrity, and the public taste has under- 
 gone material changes since that period, but the industrious colony 
 of painters on the banks of theDiissel still deservedly enjoys a high 
 reputation. Lastly we may mention Veifs frescoes at Mayence, the 
 school of art connected with the Stadel Gallery at Frankfort, and 
 the academy of Carlseuhe, forming a kind of offshoot of the Diis- 
 seldorf School, at all of which modern German painting is taught 
 and practised with considerable success.
 
 1. From Brussels to Cologne. 
 
 I3.SV2 M. By Express in oV^rBV.; brs. (fares 26 fr. 25, 19 fr. 25 c). Small 
 articles of luggage are examined at Herbesthal. registered luggage on ar- 
 rival at Cologne. Finest views between Louvain and Liege to tbe right. 
 District between Liege and Aix-la-Cbapelle replete witb interest. 
 
 The DussELDOEF Railway diverges from the line described below at 
 Verviers (p. 3), and runs via Bleyherg f custom-house) and Aix-la-Chapelle 
 (Templerbend Station). From Aix-la-Chapelle to Diisseldorf, see R. 5. 
 Through-carriages at Brussels for Diisseldorf (Berlin, etc.). 
 
 Brussels i. — Hotels in the Place Royale, in the upper part of the 
 town : Bellevue, De Flandee, De l'Europe, Mengelle, all expensive. In 
 the lower part of the town: Grand Hotel de Bkcxelles , Boulevard 
 Anspach; Hotel de ScfiDE, Rue de lEveque, De Saxe ; De l'Empereuk 
 and De l'Univees, in the Rue Neuve, leading from the station into the 
 town; Central, Place de la Bourse; De la Poste, Rue Fosse-aux-Loups ; 
 De Vienne, Rue de la Fourche, less pretending. 
 
 English Church Service at the Church of the Resurrection^ in the Rue 
 Stassart; at Chrisichi/rch. Rue Crespel, Avenue de la Toison d'Or; and at 
 the Protestant Church, Rue Belliard. 
 
 Brussels, the capital of Belgium and residence of the king, con- 
 tains, including the suburbs, about 450,000 inhabitants. Like Paris 
 it possesses its parks, boulevards, cafe's-chantants, and other attrac- 
 tions ; but this Paris in miniature should be seen before the great 
 French metropolis by those who would avoid disappointment. 
 
 The passing visitor is recommended to take the following walk, 
 which will occupy half-a-day. Adjacent to the Rue Neuve, which 
 leads from the station into the city , rises the Martyrs'' Monument, 
 designed by Geefs, and erected in 1838 to the memory of those who 
 fell in the war with Holland in 1830. 
 
 Then past the Theatre Royal and the '^Exchange to the *H6tel 
 de Ville. The E. half of the magnificent faoade of the latter was 
 begun in 1402, the W. in 1443; statues of Dukes of Brabant, 
 erected in 1853 , replace those mutilated by the sansculottes in 
 1792. On the W. side of the Place de I'Hotel de Ville are various 
 *<ruild-houses, erected at the beginning of last century. At the 
 back of the Hotel de Ville , at the corner of the Rue du Chene and 
 the Rue de I'Etuve, is the curious Manneken fountain. The Galerie 
 St. Hubert, an arcade near the Hotel de Ville, is a handsome struc- 
 ture, 702 ft. long, containing some of the most tempting shops in 
 the city. The Place Royale is adorned with the equestrian *Statue 
 of Godfrey de Bouillon, in bronze , executed by Simonis in 1848. 
 The adjoining *Park is the favourite promenade of the citizens. On 
 the S. side rises the Royal Palace , on the N. side the Palais de la 
 Nation. 
 
 Not far from the latter, beyond the Rue Royale, is the *Cathedral 
 
 + For a fuller description of Belgian towns, see Baedeker's Belgium 
 and Holland. 
 
 Baedeker's Rhine. 12th Edit. 1
 
 2 Route 1. LOFVAIN. From Brussels 
 
 (Ste. Gicdule et St. Michel), the finest church in Brussels, with two 
 truncated Gothic towers. It was erected in the 13-14th cent., 
 but the choir and the unfinished W. towers are of the loth, tlie 
 large chapel of the Sacrament of the IGth cent., and the whole was 
 restored in 1848-56. — The new *Palais de Justice, in the Place. 
 Polaort, erected in 18G6-83 after plans by Polaert, at an expense of 
 2,000, OOOL, is one of the most imposing buildings of modern times. 
 AtSchaerbeek, the first railway-station, the Malines line diverges 
 to the left. Then several small stations. 
 
 18 M. Louvain, Flem. Leuven or Loven (*H6tel du Nord; 
 de Suede; Du Nouveau Monde) , pop. 38,700. The traveller who 
 stops here should not fail to visit the **H6tel de Ville, a magnificent 
 edifice in the later Gothic style , erected 1448-63 , and the Gothic 
 * Church of St. Peter, dating from the 15th century. The choir-stalls 
 in the Church of St. Gertrude also merit inspection. 
 
 291/2 M. Tirlemont, or Thienen ( Hotel Ponsaerts ; Nouveau Monde ; 
 Hotel de Flandre) , occupies an extensive area, nearly 6 M. in circum- 
 ference, but is thinly peopled (13,700 inhab.). The Church of St. 
 Germain probably dates from the 12th century. 
 
 The train next traverses a lofty embankment, affording an ex- 
 tensive vieAv. In clear weather the Lion and the Prussian monu- 
 ment at Waterloo may be distinguished in the distance to the right. 
 Between Esemael and Landen the line intersects the plain of 
 Neerwinden, the scene of two great battles. In the first the allies 
 under William III. of England were defeated in the Spanish War 
 of Succession by the French under Marshal Luxembourg, 29th July, 
 1693; in the second the French iinder Dumouriez were defeated by 
 the Austrians under the Duke of Coburg, 18th March, 1793. — 38 M 
 Landen was the birthplace of Pepin of Landen , ancestor of Pepin 
 the Little and Charlemagne, and 'major-domo' of Clothaire II. He 
 died here in 640, and was interred on the hill which bears his name. 
 46 M. Waremme. The undulating, agricultural district of Bra- 
 bant , with its phlegmatic Germanic inhabitants , is quitted near 
 (58 M.) Ans (490 ft. higher than Liege) for a mining tract with a 
 Walloon population, remarkable for their activity and vivacity. 
 
 As the train descends the rapid (1 : 30) incline to Liege , a fine 
 view of the city and the valley of the Mouse is obtained. 
 
 61 M. Liege, Flem. Luik, Ger. LiXttich {*H6telde Suede; *H6tel 
 d' Angleterre ; * Hotel de I'Europe, etc.), with 142,300 inhabitants. 
 A short stay here should be devoted to the Palais de Justice, the 
 Church of St. Jacques, the Cathedral (St. Paul), and, for the sake of 
 the view, the Citadel. 
 
 Beyond LiT-ge the Meuse is crossed by the handsome Pont du 
 Val Benott. Numerous lofty chimneys afford indication of the pros- 
 perity of the district. The extensive zinc - foundry of the Vieille- 
 Montagne company is next passed, and the Ourthe crossed. Chenee, 
 the first station beyond Lioge, is another manufacturing' town.
 
 r^^^]TS^^i»S'^^^?^t^° i^^-*==^j v^
 
 to Coloyne. AIX-LA-CHAPELLE. 1. Route. 3 
 
 66 M. Chaudfontaine (* Grand Hotel des Bains ; Hotel d'Angleterre) 
 is a small, but picturesquely -situated watering-place, with a ther- 
 mal spring (104° Fahr.), rising on an island in the Vesdre. 
 
 Beyond the next tunnel, the picturesque castle of La Rochette 
 is seen on an eminence to the left. Near Le Trooz the ancient castle 
 of that name, now a manufactory of gun-barrels, is perched on the 
 rocks to the right. Farther on, to the right, is the castle of Fraipont. 
 
 Between (70^2 ^^O Nessonvaux and (jS^f-y M.) Pepinster^ to the 
 right, stands the Chateau des Masures (inasure = ruined house), 
 said to occupy the site of a hunting-seat of King Pepin. At Pepin- 
 ster ('Pepin's terre') a branch -line diverges to Spa, the well- 
 known watering-place, 71/2 M. distant. 751/2 M- Ensival. 
 
 761/2 M. Verviers (Hotel de Londres, in the town ; Hotels du 
 Chemin de Fer and d'Allemagne, both at the station; Rail. Restau- 
 rant), with 47,700 inhab., the junction for Bleyberg (see p. 1), is 
 a busy commercial town. Here and in the environs about 390,000 
 pieces of cloth are manufactured annually. 
 
 On an eminence near stat. Dolhain , a modern town, pictur- 
 esquely situated in the valley of the Vesdre, stands the ancient for- 
 tress of Limburg , almost the sole remnant of the capital of the 
 duchy of that name, destroyed by Louis XIV. in 1675. Pedestrians 
 will be repaid by a walk (about 25 M.) from Dolhain by Verviers 
 to Liege. 
 
 851/2 ^i- Herbesthal, the first Prussian village, is the frontier 
 station (branch-line to Eupen, p. 13). The custom-house formalities 
 cause a detention of about 10 min. here. Beyond stat. Astenet, Lontzen 
 and the castle of Welkenhausen lie to the left. The train crosses the 
 valley of the Gohl by a handsome viaduct, 125 ft. in height. To the 
 left lies Hergenrath, and in the distance beyond, the Eineburg or 
 Emmaburg , situated on the slope of wooded hills (p. 12). 
 
 The train next passes through two tunnels (191 yds. and 833 yds. 
 respectively), and finally descends to the Rhenish Station at — 
 
 95 M. Aix-la-Chapelle. — Railway stations. 1. Rfienish Station (PI. 
 D, 5), for Cologne, Verviers, and Liege. — 2. Templerhend Station (PI. A, 2), 
 the main station for Gladbach, Diisseldorf, Verviers, Liecre. etc. — 3. Afai'- 
 schier-Thor Station (PI. C, 5, 6), a second station of the same lines These 
 three are all used by the trains of the Belgian Grand-Centi-al line (for 
 Maastricht, Antwerp, etc.). — 4. Station of the '■ Aachen- Jiilicher Bahn\ at 
 the Koln-Thor (PL F, 1). 
 
 Hotels. * Gkand Monabque (PL a ; C, 3), Biichel 49-51 ; *Hotel Nuel- 
 LENS (PL b ; C, 8, 4), Friedrich-Wilhelms-Platz 5, 6, opposite the Elisen- 
 brunnen, with garden ; both belonsring to the same landlord , and of the 
 first class: R., L., & A. from 21/2^ D. 4-4V2, pens, with R. from 7-8^; 
 *Dlbigk'8 Gkasd Hotel (PL e; D, 3), Comphausbad-Str. 13, adjoining the 
 Curhaus, R. from 2-3, L. & A. 1.20, B. 1.20, D. 3-3V2, pens, with R. 6-9 J(; 
 *H6tel Bellevce (PL c; C, 3), Holzgraben 3 •, 'Hotel de l'Empekecr (PL 
 d; C, 3), EdeLStr. 6; 'Imperial Crown (PL f; D, 2). Alexander-Str. S4-36, 
 with pretty garden, R., L., & A. from 2V2, B. 1, D. 21/2, pens, with K. 
 S^h-V/iJt-, ♦Dragon d"Or (PL g; C, D, 3), Camphausbad-Str. 9; 'Elephant 
 (PL h; C, 3), Ursuliner-Str. 11, opposite the Elisengarten, pens, with R. 
 6J(\ KoNiG VON Spanien(P1. i;C,4), Kleinmarschier-Str. 52, commercial, 
 R., L., A., & B. 3 Uif; Kaklshaos (PL k; C, 4), see p. 5. All these in 
 
 i*
 
 4 Route 1. AIX-LA-CHAPELLE. From Brussels 
 
 the interior of the town. — Near the Rhenish Station: *Union Hotel 
 (PI. 1^ D, 5), Bahnhots-Platz 1, R., L., & A. from 21/2, B. 1, B.SJf; *H6tel 
 Du NoKD, Romer-Str. ; Victoria, Hoch-Str, 17; *KAisERnoF, Hoch-Str. 2 
 and Wall-Str. 65, with restaurant, commercial ; Stadt Duken , Bahnhofs- 
 riatz4; Geaaff, Wall-Str. 1; Brooking, Marschiersteinweg 3; the last 
 three unpretending. — Near the Templerbend Station: Kloubert, Templer- 
 grabeu 66, with restaurant. 
 
 Bath Establishments (also hotels, and open throughout the whole 
 year ; no table d'hote). Kaiserbad (PI. 36 ; C, 3), Biichel 26-30, well fitted 
 up, E., L., & A. from 27'2, pena. with R. from 8 J(-^ Konigin von Ungami 
 (I'l. 3S; C, 3), at the corner of the Biichel and the Kdel-Str.-, Neuhad (PI. 39; 
 0, 3), Biichel 34, R., L., & A. from 2, pens, with R. from 6 JI-, Qtiiriimshad 
 (PI. 40; C, 3), Hof 7. These four are the bath-houses of the 'Upper Springs"' 
 (p. 8). The following are supplied bv the 'Lower Springs' : Kosenhad (PI. 41 ; 
 C, 3); Corneliusbad (PI. 35; C, 3);' Karlsbad (PI. 37; C, 3); Comphavsbad 
 (PI. 34 ; C, 3), all four near the Curhaus. — Cold and Warm Baths at the 
 Swimming Baths in the Kaiser-Platz. 
 
 Restaurants. Wine. *C«r/(a«s (p. 9); Elisenbrtmnen i\*. 9)-^ ^Kliippel^ 
 riolzgraben 9; Koenig von Spanien (see above); Karlshan^ (see a^\)ove); Hahn 
 (also hotel), Thcater-Str. 18 ; 'Scheufen , Hartmann-Str. — Bernarts^ see 
 liclow; £'W;oiw«9', Friedrich-Wilhelms-Platz 7, with richly-decorated rooms. 
 — Oysters. Lennertz, Klostergasse 23 (PI. B, 3). — Beer. "Alt-Bayern^ 
 Wirichsbongard-Str. 43 (PL D , 4) ; Bavaria^ Friodrich-Wilhelms-Platz 2; 
 'Oerrnaiiia, Friedrich-Wilhelms-Platz 8; Prevoo, Theater-Platz 9; Fass/iauer, 
 ("apu/,inergraben 14, opposite the theatre; Fickartz (Kaiserhof ; see above); 
 Victoria^ see p. 3. 
 
 Cafes. A the Curhaus (see p. 9); at the Elisenbrunnen (p. 9); Wiener 
 Cafi^ Friedrich-Wilhelms-Platz, near the Hotel Nuellens; at the Lousberg 
 (see p. 12). — Confectioners. Wahl , Theater-Platz 7; Oeulen, Theater- 
 Platz 18 ; Oellers, Dahmengraben 7. 
 
 Gabs. From 6 a.m. to 10 p.m. (at night double fares): — 
 
 (t) Per drive: Within Aix-la-Chapelle and Bnrtscheid, 1 pers. 60, each 
 additional pers. 20 pf. ; luggage under lOlbs. free, trunk 30 pf. — To the 
 r.elvcdere Inn on the Lousberg, 1-2 pers. 1 Ui? 50 pf. , 3-4 pers. 2 Uff; to 
 tlie top of the hill 2 M, and 2 Jl 50 pf. 
 
 (2) By time: Each 1/2 hr. 1-2 pers. 1 M 30 pf., 3-4 pers. i Jl ^ pf. 
 
 Tramways traverse Aix-la-Chapelle and Burtscheid, in various direc- 
 tions ; comp. the Plan. Outside the town: to Haaren and Yak, both of 
 which are favourite resorts. 
 
 Post Office (PI. 28; B, 3, 4). Jacob-Str. 23. — Telegraph Office, Theater- 
 Platz 10-12 (PI. C, 4). 
 
 Theatres. Stadt-Theater (PI. C, 4), performances in winter only ; Ber- 
 narts" Saison-Theater (PI. D, 3), Adalbert-Str. 20-24, with a large concert- 
 room, garden, and i-estaurant. 
 
 Visitors' Tax. For a year, 1 pers. 25, 2 pers. 40, 3 pers. 50 Jl^ each 
 additional pers. iO jU\ per month in summer, 12, 20, or 25 Jl for 1, 2, or 
 3 pers., each additional person 5 Jl\ per month in winter, each pers. 
 3 Jl. SinLile admission to the Elisengarten, 50 pf. 
 
 Consul of the United States, B. Zeigler Esq, 
 
 English Church in the 'Grand Monarque' (p. 3); services at 11.45 a.m. 
 and 7 p.m. 
 
 Aix-la-Chapelle (615 ft.), German Aachen, a very ancient town 
 with 103,460 inhab., the Aquisgranum of the Romans, lies in a fer- 
 tile basin surrounded by gently sloping hills. It was a favourite resi- 
 dence of Charlemagne, who died here in 814. That monarch elevated 
 the town to the rank of the second city in his empire, and the capital 
 of his dominions N. of the Alps. From his death down to the 
 accession of Ferdinand I. (1531) Aix witnessed the coronation 
 of all the German emperors (37), and was called par excellence the
 
 to Cologne. AIX-LA-CHAPELLE. 1. Route. 5 
 
 free city of the Holy Roman Empire and seat of royalty (^urhs 
 Aquensis, urbs regalis, regni sedes principalis, prima regum curia ). 
 The insignia of empire were preserved here till 1794, when they 
 were transferred to Paderhorn and thence in 1798 to the Imperial 
 treasury at Vienna. In the mittle ages, Aix-la-Chapelle has fre- 
 quently been the scene of Imperial diets and ecclesiastical con- 
 vocations, and since the 17th cent, of several congresses. In 1008 
 the peace between Louis XIV. and Spain was concluded here , by 
 which the French king abandoned his pretensions to the Nether- 
 lands ; the second Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, of 1748, terminated 
 the Austrian War of Succession ; and by the treaty of 1818 the German 
 armies were recalled from France. 
 
 Externally this venerable imperial city has retained few relics 
 of her ancient history. The cathedral , the Rathhaus, a few relics 
 of the mediseval fortifications, now converted into promenades, viz. 
 the Marschier-Thor {y\. C, 5), the Lange Thurm (fine view from 
 the top, adm. 20 pf.j, and the Pont-Thor [F]. 15, 2), dating from the 
 14th cent., are the only remains of the old town. Aix has become 
 an entirely modern town, with broad, handsome streets, busy manu- 
 factories (of cloth, neefUes, and machinery), and attractive shops. ^; 
 
 The open space in front of the Rhenish Station (PI. D, 5; p. 3) 
 is embellished with the * Warriors' Monument (PL 22), erected by 
 subscription to the memory of natives of Aix and the neighbourhood 
 who fell in 1866 and 1870-71. The dying warrior, to whom an 
 angel presents the palm of victory, executed in bronze, was design- 
 ed by Drake. — In the vicinity is the handsome modern Gothic 
 Marienkirche{V\. 11 ; D, 4, 5), in brick, erected by Statz, with good 
 stained-glass windows and richly decorated interior. The Chapel of 
 St. Leonhard (PL 18; C, 5) contains a Nativity by De Grayer. 
 
 To the right of the Marienkirche is the broad Theater-Strasse, 
 in which rises the Theatre (PL C, 4), erected in 1822-24, Oppo- 
 site, to the S.W., are the Government Buildings (PL 20), next to 
 which a large and handsome new Post and Telegraph Office in the 
 Romanesque style is now approaching its completion. The Gothic 
 Karlshaus (PL k; C, 4), in the Capuzinergraben , serves as the 
 meeting-place for various Roman Catholic societies, and also as a 
 lodging-house. — Friedrich-Wilhclms-Platz and the Elisenbrun- 
 nen, see p. 9. Passing the latter on the left we reach the cathedral, 
 which rises nearly in the centre of the town. 
 
 The *Cathedral, or Miinster (PL C, 3), consists of two distinct 
 parts in different styles of architecture. The portion erected by 
 Charlemagne in 796-804, and consecrated by Leo III., a noble ex- 
 ample of the Byzantine style, is an octagon copied from S. Vitale at 
 Ravenna, and partly built by Italian workmen, 48 ft. in diameter, 
 surrounded by a sixteen-sided passage, and terminating in a cupola, 
 104 ft. high. The eight gables of the central structure are of the 
 beginning of the 13th cent., the lofty, fantastic roof is of the 17th.
 
 6 Route J. AIX-LA-CHAPELLE. From Brussels 
 
 The octagon is surrounded by several chapels, built in the 14th and 
 15th cent., and afterwards partly altered. Adjoining the octagon 
 on the E. is the lofty and elegant Gothic Choir, begun by Gerhard 
 Chorus (p. 8) in 1353, and completed in 1413. A thorough re- 
 storation of the whole edifice has now been some years in progress, 
 and a Gothic tower has been erected to the W. of the octagon, 
 above the vestibule of the principal entrance. The Bronze Doors of 
 the "W. portal were cast about 804. 
 
 On the right and left of the W. entrance, borne by modern pillars, 
 were until recently a brazen Wolf (or She-Bear), probably of Koman 
 origin, and a Pine Gone, dating from the 10th cent., both having doubtless 
 once i)elonged to a fountain, the water of which flowed from apertures 
 among the hair of the wolf, and from holes in the pine-cone. According 
 to a mediaeval legend, the funds for the erection of the church ran short, 
 whereupon the devil offered to supply the deficiency on condition that 
 the fir.st living being that entered the building should be sacrificed to 
 him. The magistrates entered into the compact, but outwitted the devil 
 by admitting a wolf into the sacred edifice on its completion. J^oth monu- 
 ments have now been taken under the custody of the chapter of the 
 cathedral. 
 
 The *I>;terior of the Octagon is borne by eight massive 
 pillars, which separate the central space from the surrounding two- 
 storied ambulatory. The lofty, round-arched openings of the upper 
 story, or 'Hochmiinster', are enlivened with a double row of col- 
 umns, of unequal length, some of them in marble, others in granite, 
 brought from Rome, Treves, and Ravenna. The most valuable were 
 taken to Paris by the French in 1794, but restored in 1815; some of 
 them were replaced by new ones in 1845. The capitals are all new, 
 and unfortunately differ materially in ornament from the Byzantine 
 originals. The large Mosaic in the dome, on a gold ground, repre- 
 senting Christ surrounded by the 24 Elders of the Apocalypse, was 
 exetmted at Venice in 1882 by Salviati, from a design by J. Bethune, 
 in the style of an old mosaic with which the dome was originally 
 adorned. The gilded Candelabrum was presented by Frederick 
 Barbarossa in 1168. The inscription 'Carolo Magno' on the pave- 
 ment beneath it is modern. The tomb of the great emperor was pro- 
 bably in a chapel adjoining the church. The so-called Ingarische 
 Capelle , adjoining the octagon on the S. (to the right of the W. 
 entrance) , recently restored in the Gothic style , contains the 
 treasury (see p. 7). The oblong Kreuz- Capelle, or Chapel of St. 
 Nicholas, on the N.W. side, retains its Gothic architecture of the 
 second half of the 15th century. [The egress leads to the late-Gothic 
 Cloisters (now under restoration) with the relics of the late-Roma- 
 nesque All Souls' Chapel, on the right.] 
 
 The Choir is remarkable for its light and elegant proportions. 
 The large windows are lilled with richly-coloured modern *Stained 
 Glass, representing scenes from the life of the Virgin (Assumption 
 and Coronation designed by Cornelius), executed partly at Berlin, 
 and partly at Cologne and Aix. On the pillars between the win- 
 dows are statues of Charlemagne, the Virgin Mary, and the Twelve
 
 to Cologne. AIX-LA.-CHAPELLE. I. Route. 7 
 
 Apostles, of 1430, recently coloured. The Reading Desk, consisting 
 of an eagle on a rich stand of open-work, was cast in copper in the 
 loth century. Behind it is a piece of wood-carving (1554) which 
 marks the Tomb of Otho III. (d. 1002). The Pulpit, adorned 
 with gold, precious stones, and carved ivory, was a gift of Henry II. 
 (_d. 10*24), but restored in the 17th cent. The High Altar is a modern 
 work from Schneiders designs (1876), in which several old columns 
 have been incorporated. The sacristan shows the pulpit, the impe- 
 rial throne, and sarcophagus l^/o-i J/). 
 
 The HocHMuxsTEE, or gallery of the octagon, contains the Im- 
 perial Throne, composed of marble slabs, on which the remains of 
 Charlemagne reposed for upwards of 350 years, having been found 
 by Emp. Otho III., who opened the tomb in the year 1000. Fred- 
 erick Barbarossa opened the tomb a second time in 1165, and 
 transferred the remains to an antique Sarcophagus, while the throne 
 was afterwards used for the coronation of the emperors. The sar- 
 cophagus, in Parian marble, with the Rape of Proserpine in relief, 
 is preserved in the gallery of the Kreuz-Capelle (see p. 6) ; but 
 the remains of the emperor, who had been canonised in 1165, were 
 placed by Frederick II. in a reliquary composed of gold and silver 
 (see below) about 1215. The Balustrade between the columns was 
 cast about the year 804, and like the bronze doors (p. 6) is of Carlo- 
 vingian workmanship. 
 
 The Carls- Capelle, which adjoins the Hochmiinster on the N., 
 dates from the beginning of the 14th cent. ; the * Anna- Capelle, on 
 the S., was consecrated in 1449. The Matthias-Capelle, also on the 
 S., built in the latter half of the 14th cent., is used as a sacristy. 
 
 The rich 'Cathedral Treasury (shown daily, except Sundays and festi- 
 vals, from 10 to 6 u' clock: ticket for 1-3 persons 3 m., for each additional 
 person 1 m. ; a single traveller wiU frequently find opportunities of joining 
 a party) is contained in the above-mentioned Ungarische Capelle (Keeper, 
 Herr Lennartz, Domhof 1; Sacristan, Domhof 2). The chief objects of 
 interest are the sumptuous late-Romanesque silver Shrine of the Fouv Oveat 
 Relics , executed in 1220-36 (containing the 'robe of the Virgin , the 
 swaddling-clothes of the infant Christ, the bloody cloth in which the 
 body of John the Baptist was wrapped, and the linen cloth with which 
 the Saviour was girded on the Cross', which are shown to the public 
 gratis once only every seven years; last occaaion in 1888)-, Reliquary of 
 Charlemagne, likewise a magnificent late-Romanesque work: the Btist of 
 Charlemagne, in gold and enamel, 14th cent. ; the Cross of Lothaire, pre- 
 sented by that emperor (d. 1137); several admirably-executed Gothic Reli- 
 qxiaries; antependium with sixteen Reliefs in gold, representing scenes from 
 the Passion, etc., in the Romanesque style, a gift of Emp. Otho III. 5 the 
 Hunting-horn of Charlemagne, of Oriental ivory-work ; numerous mediaeval 
 vessels, in gold and silver, candelabra, and other curiosities. These ob- 
 jects are preserved in large glass cabinets, closed by winged doors, on 
 the insides of which are paintings of the early Flemish school, attributed 
 to Hugo van der Goes, a pupil of the Van Eycks (15th cent.). 
 
 To theW. of the cathedral, in the Fischmarkt, is the new build- 
 ing for the Archives, handsomely fitted up in the interior, erected 
 in 1886-89 on the site of the earliest town-hall of Aix (subsequently 
 failed the Gras'), of which the fagadehas been retained (the statues
 
 8 Route 1, AIX-LA-CHAPELLE. From Brussels 
 
 of the seven electors are morlem). — In the -vicinity, Kloster-Str. 11, 
 is the reading-room of the Zeitungs- Museum (adm. free). 
 
 To the E., behind the choir of the cathedral, is the Church of 
 St. Foilan (?\. 9; C, 3), the oldest parish -church in the town. 
 The present building, dating from the late-Gothic period, was rebuilt 
 in the 17th cent., and has recently been restored. — The Parish 
 Church of St. Michael, or Jesuits' Church (PI. 12; B, C, 4), built in 
 1618-1628, contains a Descent from the Cross by Honthorst (1632). 
 Nearly opposite is the new Real-Oymnasium, opened in 1891. 
 — The Church of St. Paul (PI. 13 ; B, 3) contains frescoes of the 
 15th cent. 
 
 To the N. of the cathedral is the Market (PI. C, 8) , with a 
 Fountain and a poor statue of Charlemagne erected in 1620. Here 
 is situated the *Rathhaus, or Toion Hall (PI. C, 3), a plain Gothic 
 edifice, begun in 1353 by the burgomaster Gerhard Chorus (d. 1368), 
 on the site, and partly with the fragments of the ancient Carlovin- 
 gian palace, and completed in 1370. The building was recently 
 restored, but injured by a tire in 1883, and is now again under res- 
 toration. The two towers, of which that to the W., called the Markt- 
 thurm^ belonged in part to the ancient palace, while that to the E., 
 the Granusthurm, is of the early 13th cent. , were almost entirely 
 burned down. 
 
 A flight of steps, erected in 1878, leads from the market-place to the 
 Vestibule on the first floor (ring for the custodian; adm.50pf.), from which 
 we ascend the staircase, added in 1848 (view of the cathedral from the 
 balcony), to the Kaisersaal. 
 
 The Kaisersaal, a hall 55 yds. long and 20 yds. wide, with vaulting 
 borne by four massive buttresses, occupies the whole length of the upper 
 floor. The walls are decorated with eight 'Frescoes, which rank among 
 the finest modern examples of historical painting; the first four are by 
 Alfred Rethel (born at Aix 1816, d. 1859); the others, designed by him, were 
 executed, with more vigorous colouring, by Keftren: — 
 
 1. The Emp. Otho III. opening the burial-vault of Charlemagne; 
 2. Overthrow of the 'Irmensiiule'' ; 3. Battle with the Saracens at Cordova ; 
 4. Conquest ofPaviain774 (these by Rethel)-^ 5. Baptism of Wittekind and 
 Alboin; 6. Coronation of Charlemagne in St. Peter's at Rome; 7. Building 
 of the Cathedral of Aix-la-Chapelle; 8. Abdication of Charlemagne and 
 Coronation of his son Louis the Pious. Polychrome ornamentation of 
 buttresses and vaulting by Kleineriz. The 37 consoles on the walls sup- 
 port small statues of the German emperors crowned at Aix. — Fine echo. 
 The windows contain armorial bearings of the emperors; in the oriel 
 (the old chapel) are small stained-glass paintings with scenes from the 
 life of the virgin and the apostles Philip and James the Elder, by Osterrath. 
 
 The Council Hall contains portraits of Frederick William III., paint- 
 ed in 1817, the emperors Leopold I., Charles VI., Charles VII, the Empress 
 Maria Theresa, an old portrait of Charlemagne, by an unknown master 
 16th cent.), and others. 
 
 In the Grosskceln-Strasse, which leads from the market to the 
 N.W., is the Nicolauskirche (PI. 7; B, 3), containing an altarpiece 
 by Diepenbeeck, a pupil of Kubens. — In the Templergraben, near 
 the Templerbend Station, is situated the Rhenish- Westphalian 
 Polytechnic School (PI. B, 2, 3), built by Cremer in 1865-70, and 
 now attended by 220 students. The handsome staircase and hall
 
 to Cologne. AIX-LA-CHAPELLE. 1. Route. 9 
 
 should be inspected. Adjacent is the Chemical Laboratory, a fine 
 Renaissance edifice built by Ewerbeck and Intze in 1879, with ac- 
 commodation for 120 students. — The Parish Church of St. James 
 (PI. 10; A, 4), a Romanesque edifice with a handsome tower, built 
 by Wiethase in 1877-89, is situated in the S.W. corner of the town. 
 Near it is the Zoological Garden, laid out in 1886, a favourite resort 
 (Restaurant, concerts; adm. 60 pf.). 
 
 The celebrated warm Sulphur Springs of Aix, which were 
 known to the Romans, rise in Aix itself and the neighbouring town 
 of Burtscheid from the limestone-rock, and there are also several 
 chalybeate springs which have their source in the clay-slate. Cf 
 the former the chief is the Ka ixer quelle (^i3i" Va.hr.'). which rises 
 on the 'Biichel', on the slope of the market-hill (PI. C, 3), and 
 supplies the Kaiserbad, Neubad, 'Queen of Hungary', and Elisen- 
 brunnen. The Quirinusquelle (125") rises in the bath-house of that 
 name in the neighbouring 'Am Hof. These two springs are called 
 the 'Obere Quellen". The 'Untere Quelleu', as the Rosenquelle 
 (116°) and Cornel iusquelle (113°) are called, rise in the Conip- 
 hausbad-Strasse, a little to the N.E. of the others. The baths of 
 Aix-la-Chapelie are annually visited by about 8000 patients. 
 
 The Elisenbrimnen (PI. C, 3, 4), as the drinking spring is 
 named after the consort of Fred. William IV., is in the Friedrich- 
 Wilhelms-Platz. The Doric colonnade connected with it, 90 yds, 
 long, was designed by Schinkel and erected in 1822-24. Two flights 
 of steps descend to the 'Trinkhalle', above which is placed a bust 
 of the queen by Tieck ( Cafe- Restaurant in the pavilions and colon- 
 nade). — At the back of the colonnade is the Elisengarten, where 
 another Trinkhalle was erected in 1873, and where a band plays 
 from 7 to 8 a.m. and 12 to 1 p.m. during the season (p. 4). — The 
 garden opens on the other side on the Ursuliner-Strasse, which is 
 continued to the N. by the Edel-Strasse and the BiJchel, with 
 several of the bath-houses mentioned above. The cellar of the 
 Konigin von Ungarn (PI. 38 ; C, 3) contains remains of an ancient 
 Roman bath, which extended as far as the neighbouring streets, and 
 was connected with an aqueduct coming from Burtscheid (p. 12). 
 The discovery of stamps of the 6th legion ('Victrix') refers this 
 building to between 70 and 120 A.D. , when that legion was 
 stationed on the lower Rhine. 
 
 From theFriedrich-Wilhelms-Platz several streets, flanked with 
 handsome shops, lead to the N.E. to the Comphausbad-Strasse, 
 in which, opposite the bath-houses, stands the Cnrhans fPl. D, 3), 
 built in 1782 and forming the chief centre of attraction to visi- 
 tors. It contains a large ball and concert-room, beautifully fitted 
 up in the Renaissance style, a restaurant, and a reading-room (open 
 till 10 p.m. ; adm. 50 pf., to concerts and celebrations 1 ./^j. Ad- 
 joining the Curhaus, but facing the Curgarten, is the Cursaal, in 
 the Moorish style. Concerts take place here weekly.
 
 1 Route 1 . AIX-LA-CHAPELLE. From Brussels 
 
 In the 'Old Eedoute', Comphausbad-Str. 11, a little above the 
 Curhaus, are the Town Library and the ^Suermondt Museum (PI. 
 D, 3), the chief attraction of which is a collection of loO valuable 
 paintings of the early-German, Flemish, and Spanish schools, pre- 
 sented in 1882 to his native town by Herr Bartholomew Suermondt 
 (d. 1887), a well-known connoisseur and patron of art. Adm. 
 Sun. 10-11/25 gratis; Tues., Wed., Thurs., II-IV2 (in summer 
 3-5), 50 pf. 
 
 The bulk of the collections is on the First Floor (enter the second 
 door under the portal and ascend the stairs). On the staircase an altar- 
 piece by Schadote, Assumption of the Virgin; portraits nf Napoleon I., 
 hy Boucher, and of Josephine, 6y Lef^brc^ presented by the emperor to the 
 town. — To the left, I. Room, Ceramic Collection. Opposite the entrance 
 a gilded throne made in 174'i at Lyons for Elector Clemens August of 
 Cologne; above, a mirror with carved frame. Glass-cases 1-8 contain a 
 good collection of Rhenish stoneware of the 16-18th cent.; cases 9-11, 
 porcelain, faience, and glass. — II. Room, formerly used as gaming room 
 (observe the stucco decorations of the walls): small collection of Egyptian 
 anti(]uities, goldsmith's work and ancient table utensils. — The III. Room 
 contains the Collection of Engravings and the library of A. von Reumont 
 (d. 1887), the well-known historian. — We return to the staircase and 
 to the left enter the — 
 
 Picture - Gallery (Catalogue, i Jl). I. Cabinet. 207. J, van Rtipsdael, 
 The country-seat; 177. A. Cuyp, Still-life; 182. A. van Dyck, Portrait of a 
 young man; 169. A. Bronwer , Peasants quarrelling. — II. Cabinet. 204. 
 JRembrandt, St. Jerome; 178. A. Cvyp^ Sitting hen; 174. L. Cranach^ 
 Judith; 163. Belotto, surnamed Canaletto . Palace of the Doges at Venice; 
 197. Frans ffals, Merry toper; several sketches in grisaille by Rubens aud 
 A. van Dyck. The pictures in these two cabinets belong to the Royal 
 Museum at Berlin. — III. Cabinet. Meister Wilhelm (p. 28), Altarpiece, Life 
 of the Virgin; 39. Engelbrechiseji , Pieta; 75. Janssens van Eeulen^ Portrait 
 of a young man; 41. Gov. Flinck., Portrait of a young lady; 42. Hieron. 
 Fratick, Ball at Venice; 160. Morales, Ecce Homo. — 1\'. Cabinet. 100. 
 Pynus, Repudiation of Hagar; 86. Jan van der Meer of Delft, View of 
 Delft, a copy (original at the Hague); 9. Herri de Bles, Flight into Egypt; 
 161. Aertsen, Market scene; 20. Jati Brueghel, Landscape with a farm; 
 108. Pynacker, Italian landscape. 
 
 L.\RGK Hall (lighted from above), beginning on the left: 69. A\ van 
 der Ilorst, Jephtha's sacrifice; 97. Mnrillo. Portrait of a town-councillor; 
 30. De Clerk, Venus in the forge of Vulcan; 144. Flemish School, Portrait 
 of a man of rank; 146. Paul de Vos, Boar-hunt, the figures by Van Tnlden, 
 landscape by J. Wildens; M. d'Hondecoeter, 94. Fieldfare; 95. Hunting gear; 
 66. W. van Ilonthorst, Princess Henriette Louise of Oraniie-Nas.sau, after- 
 wards wif of the 'Great Elector' of Brandenburg; 134. 1). Tcniers jnnr.. 
 Hilly landscape; 51. Dirk Hals, Merry company; 199. Mvrillo, Madonna 
 and Child; 35. Diepenbeeck , Glorification of Mary; 98. Netherlands School, 
 St. Magdalen and John the Baptist; 13. Ferd. Bol, Portraits if Cornells 
 de Wilt and his family; 10. F. de Bloot, Dutch peasant's room; 175. 
 A. Cuyk, Dutch dunes. 
 
 Oblong Hall (lighted from above), to the left: 91. P. Meyerheim, 
 Savages performing at a fair (1873); 54. G. de Heem, Fruit; 31. Constable, 
 After the storm ; 95. i/br<?('?«e, Portrait of a child; 44. Fyt, G&m&; 52. Heda, 
 Breakfast-table; 132. J. Steen, Portrait of the artist; 32. A. Cvyp, Church- 
 interior; *115. Rubens, Studies for the 'Fall of the Damned' at Munich, 
 of excellent workmanship: 29. P. Claasz, Still-life; 103. Palamedesz, Por- 
 trait of a gentleman ; 116, li7. Rubens, Sketches for the portraits of Albert II. 
 and Ferdinand I.; 118. Rube7is , The cock and the jewel; 80. De Eeyser, 
 Portrait; 168. A. Br onwer, Gy\ii\r\^ corns; 94. Ant. J/or, Portrait of Margaret 
 Halseber; 83. Van der Laen, Dutch peasants' huts; 15. Bray, 'In praise of 
 salt herring"; 87. J. van del- Meer of Haarlem., Dutch landscape; 129. F.
 
 to Cologne. AIX-LA-CHAPELLE. 1. Route. H 
 
 SnyderSy Hawking with the owl landscape by WiUlens); 16,17. Brelelenlam, 
 Fish-seller, The proposal; 156. Rembrandt, Portrait of a Rabbi; 124. C. 
 Saftleven, Landscape with cattle; 145. C, de Vos, Young lady of fashion. — 
 The following room contains the permanent Exhibition of Pictures of the 
 Museums- Verein: modern works, changed from time to time (adm. daily 
 IO-IOV2, 3-5; 50 pf.). In the gallery, a collection of minerals and palaeon- 
 tological specimens from the environs of Aix-la-Chapelle. Hence we 
 descend by a spiral staircase to the — 
 
 Ground Flo k. I. The Hall, borne by columns, contains a number of 
 pictures bequeathed by the late Frau Weber (nee Van Houtem) and 
 bearing the names of the artists. — The adjoining II. Room contains 2 
 glass-cases with Roman and other antiquities, a relief in plaster of the 
 Roman villa discovered near Stnlberg (p. 13), cast iron hearth-plates and 
 objects in wrought iron. — III. Room. Two Japenese coats -of- arms, 
 weapons and fragments of old stained gla.-s. — IV. Room. Large collection 
 of German, Italian, Belgian and French Lace (10th-13th cent.), silk bro- 
 cades, etc.; several ancient caliinets and household furniture. — V. Long 
 Room, with stained windows: collection of old views of Aix-la-Chapelle, 
 casts etc.; at the egreas, on the left, a number of old weapons and two 
 small cannons. 
 
 Near the Curhaus are the Church of St. Peter (PI. D, 2), built in 
 1714 and recently restored, and the Synagogue (PI. 32; D, 3). in 
 the Moorish style, designed by Wickop. Farther to the S., in the 
 Adalbert -Strasse, which runs off the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Platz 
 (p. 9 J, rises the Church of St. Adalbert (PI. E, 3), founded by Emp. 
 Uenry 11. in 1005 in honour of St. Adalbert who was martyred in 
 Prussia. This building has been much altered at various dates, and 
 was almost entirely rebuilt by Wiethase in 1873-76. In the Kaiser- 
 Platz, near the church, rises the Kaiserbrunnen^ a tasteful fountain 
 erected in commemoration of the 'Golden Wedding" of the Emperor 
 William I. in 1879. In the neighbouring Rehm-Platz (PL E, 2) a 
 Column of the Virgin was erected in 1887. — More to the E., in 
 the Adalberts-Steinweg, to the right, is a kind of marble temple, 
 erected in 184-4 to commemorate the Congre.?s of Aix in 1818 (PI. 
 F, 3, 4). Adjoining it is the turreted Gothic Prison (PI. F, 4), by 
 Cremer. — Opposite lies the Roman Catholic Cemetery (PL F, G, 3), 
 containing a monument to the memory of the French and German 
 soldiers who died at Aix-la-Chapelle in 1870-71. 
 
 Adjoining the prison, in the Congress-Strasse, are the new Law 
 Courts, a Gothic brick building completed in 1888. 
 
 To theN.E. of the Curhaus, in the Hansemaiin-Platz (between 
 the Monheims-AUe'e and Heinrichs-Allee), a monument was erected 
 in 1888 to Hansemann^ the banker and Prussian minister (d. 1864). 
 Near it, in the Monheims-Alle'e, is the Mariahilf Hospital (PL D, 1, 
 2), built in 1850, with pleasant grounds, open to tlie public daily 
 (closed 12-3). — On the Salvatorberg (PL C, 1), to the N.W., is 
 a pilgrimage-church. 
 
 The Lousberg (860 ft.), a wooded eminence to the N. of the 
 town (PL B, 1 ; cab, see p. 4), and rising 250 ft. above it, ascend- 
 ed in 40 min. from the Marschier-Thor, or in ^/ihr. from the Pont- 
 Thor, is laid out in grounds and shady walks. The summit, on 
 which ri.ses a pyramid (near it the Belvedere, with restaurant), com-
 
 12 Route 1. BURTSCHEID. From Brussels 
 
 mands a flne survey of the busy town and the wooded, undulating 
 environs, as far as the outliers of the Eifel Mts. j to the E. lies the 
 pretty Soersthal, with numerous country-residences and coal-mines. 
 
 Adjacent to Aix on the S.E. side , and connected with it by 
 promenades and new buildings, lies the town of — 
 
 BurtSCheid. — Baths (comp. PL, p. 3): ^Carlsbad, -Rosenbad, both 
 larice establishment?, R., L., A' A. 3, D. 2V2, pens, from 5 J5f ; Michaelshad^ 
 Schwertbad, Schloss- & Louisenbad^ etc. — Visitors' tax at the first two 2J(, 
 at the others 1 Jl per week. 
 
 Burtscheid or Borcette, with 14,000 inhab. and considerable 
 manufactures of cloth and needles, also contains important baths. 
 The principal springs are the Victor iabrunnen (PI. E, 6; 140° Fahr.), 
 where a band plays every morning from 7 to 8, the Kochbrunnen 
 (PI. D, 6; 158°), and a third hot spring (162% which together 
 yield such abundance of hot water as to form a Warm Brook, 
 adjoining which and separated from it by a footpath is the Cold 
 Brook. The liandsome Curhaus was built in 1887-89 (good Restau- 
 rant; concerts). On an eminence in the centre of the town rises 
 tlie church of -Si. John the Baptist (PI. D, E, 6), which formerly 
 belonged to a Benedictine abbey founded by Emp. Henry II. in 
 1018, but has been remodelled in the degraded taste of last century. 
 The Church of St. Michael, with a lofty tower, also on the hill, was 
 completed in 1751. — To the N.E. of Burtscheid is the long viaduct 
 of the Rhenish Railway (see below). 
 
 The Frankenberg- (PI. F, 5), past which a tramway runs, was once a 
 hunting-seat of Charlemagne. The present building, lately restored, dates 
 from 1642. The pond surrounding the castle was once a large lake, in 
 which, according to tradition, was sunk the magic ring of Fastvada (p. 144), 
 the third wife of Charlemagne. Attracted to this spot by its influence, the 
 monarch is said to have sat here for days, gazing on the lake, and mourn- 
 ing for his lost consort. The groimd round the castle has been laid out 
 as a park (Restaurant; music frequently in the afternoon). 
 
 About 3/4 M. farther in the same direction, beyond the railway, is Trim- 
 born (Restaurant), a grove where a Roman legion-stone from the Brohlthal 
 and a Roman sarcophagus from Weisweiler may be seen. The artificial 
 ruin at the entrance is constructed of the fragments of a chapel of the time 
 of Charlemagne. Carriage 2V2-3 M. 
 
 A favourite walk is to the Paulinenwdldchen, a grove taking its name 
 from Napoleon's sister, IV2 hr., by the Sandkaul-Str. and through the 
 Soers Valley (Restaur.). 
 
 The promenades of the Carlshohe (''Restaur.), 21/4 M. to the S.W. of 
 Aix, 1 M. from Ronheide (station on the line to Verviers and Liege), afl'ord 
 another pleasant excursion (carriage 3-4 Jl). The finest points arc the 
 Kronprimenrast and the A'iew-tower erected in 1887 at the highest point of 
 the town woods (1 hr.). 
 
 About G M. to the S.W. of Aix-la-Chapelle, on the hillside, stands 
 the ancient Emmaburg, a castle from which Eginhard, the private 
 secretary of Charlemagne, is said to have abducted the princess Emma. 
 It may be reached either from Eergenrath, the second railway-station 
 towards Liege (p. 3), near the great Giih Viaduct^ or from Moresnet, the second 
 station on the Welkenraedt line. The neighbouring cadmium-mines and zinc- 
 foundries of the Vieille Montague Company are in the parish of Moresnet, 
 which from 1815 to 1889 belonged to Prussia and Belgium in common. 
 
 From Aix-la-Chapellk to Malmeot, 51 M., in 3'/4 hrs. — IV4 M. Rothe 
 Erde, see i>. 13. Near (5 M.) Brand, with a new cliurch, are the water- 
 works of Aix, erected in 1871-8U, with a main reservoir capable of con-
 
 to Cologne. STOLBERG. / . Route. 1 3 
 
 taining 1,160,000 gallons of water. — T^/z M. Cornelymiinster (1100 inhab.), 
 with the handsome late-Gothic buildings of a suppressed Abbey (now a 
 Roman Catholic seminary), in the picturesque valley of the Munsterhacfi, 
 is a favourite point for excursions. The church possesses one of the grave- 
 cloths of Christ and other relics, said to have been presented by Lewis the 
 Debonair. — 10 31. Walheim. — From (13 M.) Eaeren, famous for its stone- 
 ware in the 16th and 17th cent, a branch-line runs to (5 M.) Eupen (ReinnTtz -^ 
 p. 3). Raeren and the next stati<ins, (ISV2 M.) Roetgen and (24 M.) Lam- 
 mersdorf. carry on an active trade in wood. — 2<i|2 M. Conzen. 
 
 30 M. Montjoie (Hotel de la Tour; Post; Hembach) ^ a manufacturing 
 town with 2100 inhab., lies about 1V.J M- from the station, in a magnificent 
 situation on both' sides of the Roer^ with a ruined castle and the remains 
 of an old watch-tower ('Haller"). The fortress, founded here by Charle- 
 magne on the ruins of a Koman stronghold ('Mons Jovis'), afterwards passed 
 to the duchy of Limburg. In 1815 it was added to Prussia alonp with 
 the whole district as far as Malmedy, the inhabitants of which still speak 
 the Walloon dialect. — Beyond Montjoie the railway commands a pic- 
 turesque view of the town and the deep valley of the lloer, and then of 
 the suppressed convent of Reichenstein. — From (34 M.) Kalterherberg (Post) 
 a road leads through the pretty valley of the Perlenbach to (3'/2 M.) 
 Montjoie. — 88V2 M. Soiirbrodt, on a barren moor, is the highest point of 
 the line (1840 ft.). — 43 M. Butgenbcuh. At (46 31.) Weismes the line fork.s, 
 the left branch leading to (IOV2 M.) St. Vith (and Gerolstein^ p. 185), the 
 right to 
 
 51 M. Malmedy (Cheval Blanc; Jacob), a town with 4418 inhab., in a 
 picturesque valley, watered by the Warche. Malmedy is the chief town in 
 that part of the territorv of the 'immediate' Benedictine ab1)ev of Stavelot- 
 Malmedy (founded in 651), which fell to Prussia in 1815. The W. half of 
 the territory belongs to Belgium. The water of the numerous chalybeate 
 springs in this district is exported in large quantities. — Diligences ply 
 twice daily from Malmedy to (5 M.) Slavelot, crossing the Belgian frontier 
 about halfway, and also to Franeorchampt in connection with^'the railway 
 to Stavelot. 
 
 Railway to Colognb (44 M., in 1^2"^ l^^s. ; fares 6, 41/2* 
 3 J^ ] express, 1^/2, 41/2 «^)- Few lines exhibit such varied forms 
 of railway engineering as that between the Belgian frontier and Co- 
 logne. On leaving the station of Aix-la-Chapelle the train crosses a 
 Viaduct 308 yds. in length, and passes the castle of Frankenberg (to 
 the left, see p. 12). At (1 1/4 M.^ Rothe Erde the Malmedy line di- 
 verges to the S. (see above). The train then passes through the 
 Nirmer Tunnel (1/2 M.), traverses the Reichsbusch wood, and stops at 
 (101 M.) Stolberg Junction, near which are the remains of a Roman 
 villa, excavated in 1881 (key kept at the station refreshment-rooms). 
 A short branch-railway and a tramway run hence to Stolberg fScheu- 
 fen; Welter; Radermacher), a prosperous town with 12,800 inhab. 
 Stolberg is the centre of one of the most important manufacturing 
 districts in Germany, the numerous products of which are sent to 
 every part of the world. For the foundation of its prosperity it 
 was indebted to French Protestant refugees, who established brass- 
 foundries here in the 17th century. The old chateau, traditionally 
 said to have once been a hunting-seat of Charlemagne, is now being 
 rebuilt. 
 
 The principal products of the district are zinc, lead, and silver; there 
 are also manufactories of pins , needles, mirrors, glass, chemicals, etc., 
 the fuel consumed by which is yielded in- abundance by the coal-mines
 
 1 1 Route I. ESCHWEILER. From Brussels 
 
 of the EscJiweiler Pumpe (near the railway) and itthers in the ncighhour- 
 hood. There is probahly no other locality in Germany where so many 
 branches of industry are successfnlly prosecuted within so small a space. 
 
 The train now traverses a picturesque districrt, with numerous 
 coal-mines and foundries. Near Eschweiler it crosses the Inde, 
 and passes through a tunnel. 
 
 104 M. Eschweiler (Gillrath; SchiitzenhaUe), a busy and rapidly- 
 growing town of 18,000 inhab., picturesquely situated in a valley, 
 with a castellated hospital. The forges, foundries, puddling-works, 
 and factories in the immediate neighbourhood employ 3000 workmen. 
 
 Farther on, to the left, near Nothberg, rises the Rottger Schloss, 
 an ancient castle with four towers. Among the hills to the right 
 are several villages, including Werth, the supposed birthplace of 
 the celebrated Imperial general John of Werth (d. 1651; p. 41), 
 and Gressenich, the ancient royal residence of Grass iniacum, near 
 which are extensive mines of cadmium, iron, and lead-ore, once 
 worked by the Romans, as proved by Roman coins found in them. 
 
 109 M. Langerwehe (Schiitzenhof), a village with 1700 inhab., 
 near which are several large needle-manufactories. 
 
 The spurs of the Eifel are seen on the right. At the base of 
 the wooded heights of the Hochwald on the right lies the village of 
 Merode, I1/2 M. from Langerwehe, and 3 M. from Diiren, with a 
 handsome old turreted chateau, dating from the 13th cent., the 
 seat of a wealthy family of Belgian counts. The train crosses the i?oer. 
 
 1141/2 M. Diiren (Rheinischer Hof; Drei Kaiser; Kolner Hop, 
 the Marcoduncm of Tacitus, a busy town of 22,000 inhab., with 
 manufactories of cloth, paper, iron, etc., is situated on the Roer 
 (pron. Roor') in a fertile plain. The most conspicuous object in the 
 town is the lofty tower of the church of St. Anna (recently restored). 
 To the right of the station are the buildings of the provincial 
 Lunatic and Blind Asylums. In the Kaiser-Platz is a Monument to 
 Emp. William /., by IJphues. The Wasserthurm outside the IIolz- 
 thor contains an interesting Collection of Antiquities (25 pf.). 
 
 The Valley of the Roer presents some very picturesque points above 
 Kreuzau, a village 3 M. to the S. of Diiren, on the road to Nideggen (Qi/z M. ; 
 narrow-gauge line in 19 min.). Pedestrians diverge here to the right and 
 ascend the valley, which gradually contracts and is bounded by lofty sand- 
 stone rocks, to CAhr.) Winden, (Vzhr.) Unter-Maubach (Roeber), CAhr.) Ober- 
 Maubach. We then descend to the left by the chapel, pass the first side- 
 valley, and ascend, opposite th.^ Mausaulroc'ks, to the village of j5er$r5<ei», 
 which has long been visible. Before reaching the wooded summit of the 
 Bui'gbei-g we have a fine survey of the Roer valley, and from the top we 
 olttain a superb view of the ruins of Nideggen. We then descend into the 
 valley to Zerkall , and again ascend to (IV4 hr.) Nideggen {^'Heiligef), 
 situated on a rock rising precipitously from the Roer, and crowned with 
 the conspicuous ruins of a castle dating from 1180, which was once a 
 favourite residence of the Counts of Jiilich (adm. 25 pf.). — Following 
 the valley beyond Nideggen, the traveller next reaches 0/2 hr.) Abenden, 
 (20 min.) Blens, and (20 min.) Hansen; or we may cross the river at 
 Blens and proceed on the left bank via Habersaul to the strikingly-pic- 
 turesque village of Heimbach (Post; Schcid), with the insignificant ruin 
 of Hetigebach. The church contains a carved altar of the 16th^ century.
 
 to Cologne. HOKREM. I . Route. 1 5 
 
 From Heimbach, Ziilpich (p. 183) may be reached by diligence in 2'/4 brs. 
 A picturesiiue walk, chiefly thrnngh wood, leads from Heimbach past the 
 former Trappist convent of Afaria-Wald and via Wol/sgarien to (7V-i M.) 
 Gemiind (p. 184), and thence via Einruhr and Tetenboin to (10 M.) Muntjuie 
 (p. 13). 
 
 Fkom Ddren to Necss, 3OV2 M. , railway in IV* hr. ; stations Elsdorf, 
 Bedbiirg, Harff, Grevenbroich. Capellen-Weve'linghaven. Neuss, see p. 50. 
 
 From Duee^j to Julich. 9V2 M. in 40 min. Jiilich or Juliers (Dissmann; 
 Quack), with 4800 inhab., the capital of the ancient duchy of that name, 
 has beloneed to Prussia since 1814. The fortifications were dismantled in 
 18G0. Jiilich is now also connected with Aix-la-Ch:ipelle (17 M. ; IV4 hr.) 
 by a direct line via Kircfiberg, Aldenhoven, Schleiden. Warden, Eongen, 
 Euchen, Wiirselen. and Kaisersruh. 
 
 From Diiren to Euskivchen and Trives. see p. 183. 
 
 120 M. Buir. 127 M. Horrem lies in the luxuriant vale of the 
 Erft, which abounds with seats of the Rhenish noblesse. To the left 
 are the chateaux of Frenz and Hemmersbach, or Horremer Burg. 
 
 From Horrem a pleasant excursion may be made to (2V2 M.) Ichen- 
 dorf (*Hotel IchendorF). and thence either via the old convent of Kortigs- 
 dorf (now a farm) to the station of Grosskonigsdorf (see below) •, or via 
 Baron von Oppenheim's chatonu of Schlenderhahn to (l',-.' M.) Quadrath 
 and on past (li 2 M.) Beroheim (Hotel Weidenbach), a pretty little town on 
 the Erft, whence a dili-ence plies daily in '/4 hr. to Elsdorf (see above), 
 to (4'2 M.) the station of Bedbvrg (see above). 
 
 The Erftthal is quitted by the Konigsdorf tunnel, 1 M. long. 
 To the left, beyond (I3OV2 ^1-) Grosskoniysdorf, in the distance, 
 is the village of Brauweiler, with an ancient Benedictine Abbey, 
 now a reformatory. The old Abbey Church, erected in the 13th cent., 
 in the late - Romanesque style , contains an interesting engraved 
 tombstone of 1483 , and some ancient frescoes on the vaulting of 
 the chapter-house, both valuable in the history of art. 
 
 As Cologne is approached the line traverses a fertile plain, 
 studded with detached houses and factories. The hills to the right 
 are spurs of the Vorgebirge, a low range which begins on the 
 left bank of the Rhine between Cologne and Bonn. 
 
 133 M. Lovenlch. — 137 M. Ehrenfeld, a large and busy manu- 
 facturing suburb of Cologne. 
 
 I38V2 ^1- Cologne, sec R. 3. 
 
 2. From Rotterdam to Cologne. 
 
 Comp. Mop, p. 49. 
 
 Railwat (1) by Utrecht, Zevenaar, Emmerich, Oberhausen, and 
 Dusseldorf; (2) by Utrecht, Zevenaar, Cleve , and Crefeld. Express by 
 both lines in 6 hrs. (fares 12 florins 70 cents, 10 fl. , 6 fl. 40 c). Examin- 
 ation of luggage at the Prussian custom-house at Elten. (The Dutch florin, 
 or guilder, worth Is. 8d., is divided into 100 cents.) 
 
 Sotterdam T. — Hotels. JIaas Hotel, near the steamboat -piers 5 
 St. Lucas, Hoogstraat; Victoria. Willemsplein: Weimar, Spaansche 
 Kade; Letgraaf, Westplein ; Coomans, Hoofdsteg 12; Pays Bas, Korte 
 Hoogstraat; Hotel de Fkaxce, Hoogstraat, second-class. 
 
 Cab per drive without luggage, 1-2 pers. 60 c, 3-4 pers. 70 c; per 
 
 t For a fuller description of Dutch towns, see Baedeker's Belgium and 
 Holland.
 
 16 Route, 2. UTRECHT. From Rotterdam 
 
 hv. 1 fl. 20 c. •, to or from any of the railway-stations, wifL lujigage 1 fl. 
 — The Rhenish Rail. Station is not far from the London steamboat-piers, 
 and is opposite that of the Harwich boat. Omn. to or from the hotels 25 c. 
 
 English Church, llarinjivliet; Presbyterian Church, Schotsche Dyk. 
 
 Rotterdam, with 203,500 inhab., the second commercial town 
 in Holland, is situated on the right hank of the Maas, ahout 14 M. 
 from the German Ocean. It is intersected by numerous canals 
 (ijrachttn, or havens) ^ which give the town a very picturesque ap- 
 pearance ; and numerous drawbridges (ophaalbruygen) afford com- 
 munication between the various quarters of the town. 
 
 A huge dyke or embankment runs tlirough the centre of the 
 town, protecting the lower quarters (Binnenstad) from inundation 
 during high tide. The Hoogstraat, or high street, is built on this 
 dyke; and the finest part of the town, the Buitenstad , is situated 
 between this street and the Maas. 
 
 About 6000 sea-going vessels annually enter and quit the port, 
 and the traffic with the Upper Rhine by means of barges, towed by 
 powerful tug-steamers, is very considerable. Rotterdam also contains 
 a number of manufactories and distilleries. 
 
 The traveller's leisure had better be devoted to a walk on the 
 busy quay (Boompjes) ; to the Gothic Church of St. Lawrence 
 ( Groote Kerk) , a brick building dating from 1477, and containing 
 the monuments of Admiral de Witt and other celebrated Dutchmen ; 
 and to Boyman^s Museum, a very fair collection of pictures, open 
 daily 10-4. Those who have a day at their disposal are recommended 
 to spend it at the Hague (by railway in 3/^ hr. ; see Baedeker's Bel- 
 gium and Holland). 
 
 The district traversed by tlie railway is perfectly flat, lying con- 
 siderably below the level of the sea, which is excluded by means of 
 carefully-constructed dykes and embankments. Canals, pasture-land, 
 and occasional windmills are the principal features of the scenery. 
 The first station of importance is — 
 
 121/2 M. Gouda, or Ter Gouw (*J)e Zalm, in the market-place), 
 on the Yssel, with 17,400 inhab., the staple commodities of which 
 are bricks, clay-pipes, and an interior kind of cheese. The principal 
 church (Groote or Jans Kerk) contains some fine old stained glass. 
 
 38 M. Utrecht (*Pays Bas ,• de VEurope ; Bellevue ,• *Oude 
 Kasteel van AntxDcrpen ; Hotel de la Station , at the station) , the 
 'Oude Trecht' or old ford, the Trajectum ad Ehenum of the Romans, 
 is one of the most ancient towns in Holland (pop. 85,000). It 
 belonged at one time to Lorraine , then to the German Empire, 
 and was frequently the residence of the emperors. Here in 1579 
 the union of the seven provinces Holland, Zeeland , Utrecht, 
 Guelders , Over-Yssel , Friesland , and Groningen was effected, and 
 William I. of Orange was created stadth older. In 1672 Louis XIV. 
 took possession of the town and levied an enormous contribution. 
 The well-known Peace of Utrecht, which ended the Spanish War of 
 Succession, was concluded here in 1713. — The Rhine divides here
 
 to Cologne. ARNHEM. 2. Route. 17 
 
 into two arms: the Old Rhine, falling into the German Ocean near 
 Katwyk, and the Vecht, falling into the Zuider Zee. 
 
 Utrecht was celebrated at a very early period for its fine 
 churches, the most interesting of which is the* Cathedral, founded 
 in 720, and dating in its present form from 1254-67. The Uni- 
 versity, founded in 1636, is attended by upwards of 500 students. 
 
 Beyond Ttrecht the line crosses the canal (Vaartsche Rhyn) which 
 unites the town with the Lek. Pleasant retrospect of Utrecht. To 
 the right and left are four intrenchments (lunettes) , now disused. 
 At (45 M.) Zeist (near which is Driebergen) there is a Moravian 
 colony; then stations Maarshergen, and VeenendaaL with numerous 
 apiaries. The line intersects the extensive moor of the Veluwe, 
 which extends as far as the Zuider Zee. Stat. Wolfliezen, then — 
 
 7372 ^I- Amhem C^Zon, on the N.W. side of the town, nearest 
 the rail. stat. ; *Bellevue, 1/4 ^I- beyond the Zon, prettily situated ; 
 Pays-Bas, in the Groote Markt; *Zwynshoofd -^ *De Paauw, near 
 the station, second-class), with 50,000 inhab., long the seat of 
 the Dukes of Guelders, is still the capital of that province. Al- 
 though a good specimen of a clean Dutch town, it offers little to detain 
 the traveller. The Groote Kerk contains monuments of the Dukes 
 of Guelders. The Town Hall derives its local appellation of Dui- 
 velshuis ('devil's house') from the grotesque figures which adorn it. 
 
 The Environs far surpass thee of any other Dutch town in attraction. 
 The grounds of -Sonsbeek deserve a visit (entrance near the station, 
 3/4 M. to the X. of the town). They are < pen to the public on Mon. and 
 Wed. (visitors ring the 'Bel voor den Poortier). The custodian, who also 
 shows the Belvedere Tower, which commanda a fine view, lives at the 
 entrance (fee 1 '2 fl., for a party I-IV2 A.). 
 
 Immediately below the town is the Reeherg^ a 5light eminence with 
 plea'^ure-grounds. Higher up is the country-scat of Ueymoord. adji inin.; 
 which are pleasant walks through the woods in all directions. In the 
 opposite direction. 3 M. to the E. of Arnhem, lies the thriving village 
 of Velp, on the hills near which a-re RozendaaKllotcV, Biljoen, Beekhvizen, 
 and other beautiful parks and pleasure-gn unds, all open to the public. — 
 Railway to Zutphen and talzbergen, see Baedekev''s N, Geiinany. 
 
 82 M. Zevenaar is the Dutch, 87 M. Elten the Prussian frontier- 
 station. Hence, crossing the Rhine, to Cleve and Cologne, see R. 4. 
 
 The line by Diisseldorf to Cologne remains on the right bank. 
 
 93 M. Emmericli (Hotel Royal; Ho f von Holland; Hotel Bahn- 
 hof; Rheinischer Hof^ R. & B. Vj^Jl) is a clean Dutch-looking town 
 with 9790 inhab. At the upper end rises the Gothic spire of the 
 Aldegundis-Kirche, at the lower is the Miinsterkirche, in the tran- 
 sition-style of the 11th and 12th centuries. 
 
 Four small stations ; then — 
 
 114 M. Wesel (Dornbusch, R. & B. 3i 2 -^ ; Giesen, 3/4 M. from 
 the station, R. & B. 21/2, D- 2^2-^5 well spoken of), a strongly- 
 fortified town, with 20,700 inhab., situated at the confluence of 
 the Rhine and Lippe. The handsome Rathhaus, lately restored, and 
 embellished with six modern statues on the fa(^ade, dates from 1396. 
 St. Willihrord's Church, originally a fine Gothic edifice of the 12th 
 
 Baedeker's Rhine. 12th Edit. 2
 
 18 Routed. DUISBURG. From Rotterdam 
 
 cent., but long little more than a ruin with a roof, is now being 
 restored. It contains a marble tablet recording that Peregrine Bertie, 
 son of Willoughby d'Eresby and Catherine, Duchess of Suffolk, was 
 born here in 1555. The exiles were Protestants, who had fled from 
 the persecutions of Queen Mary, and were permitted by the magis- 
 trates of Wesel to take up their quarters in the church, then unoc- 
 cupied. Among the handsomest modern buildings are the Gymnasium 
 and the Military Hospital. In the Exercier Platz, \.) M. from the 
 station, is a Monument on the spot where 11 Prussian officers of Von 
 Schill's Corps, captured by the French in Stralsund, were shot in 
 1809. The town is joined by a bridge-of-boats with the island of 
 BiXderich and Fort Bliicher, the tete-de-pont on the left bank. The 
 river is also spanned here by the large railway-bridge of the Geldem- 
 Venlo and Goch-Boxtel lines [see Baedeker s Belgium and Holland). 
 
 The train crosses theLippe and traverses aflat and bleak district. 
 122 M. Dinslaken lies 172 ^i- from the Rhine, on which, 3 M. 
 higher up , is the old town of Orsoy , formerly fortified. 128 M. 
 Sterkrade, with an extensive foundry. 
 
 131 M. Oher'ka.viseTifHofvon Holland; *Rail. Restaurant), a town 
 of recent origin, with 25,250 inhab., is the junction of the Cologne- 
 Minden, Miilheim, Ruhrort, Wesel-Emmerich, and Altenessen- 
 Miinster-Bremen lines. Extensive iron works in the vicinity (p. 54). 
 
 136 M. Duisburg (*Europdischer Hof ; Berliner Hof; Hof von 
 Holland; Harke; Kaiserhof ; Prinz Regent), a very ancient town, 
 situated near the Rhine and the Ruhr, is connected with both rivers 
 by means of a canal. It is now an important manufacturing town, 
 with 59,300 inhab., and one of the chief depots of the Ruhr coal- 
 traffic. The Salvatorkirche, of the 15th cent., restored in 1850, con- 
 tains an epitaph to the memory of the geographer Gerhard Mercator 
 (d. 1594), to whom a monument was erected in 1878 in the neigli- 
 bouring Burgplatz. Fine view from the Kaiserberg (Monmng's Inn), 
 on the way to Miilheim, I74M. from the station. Railway to Bochum 
 and Dortmund, see Baedeker's N. Germany. 
 
 The following stations are Grossenbaum, Calcum (for Kaisers- 
 werth, p. 23), and Dilsseldorf-Derendorf (see below). 
 
 151 M. Dusseldorf. — Railway Stations. A large new Central 
 Station (PI. E, 6; Restaurant), for all trains of the Bergisch-JIarkisch, Co- 
 logne-Minden, and Riglit-Rhenisli lines, was opened in 1891. — The former 
 Dusseldorf .station of the Right-Rhenish line, to the N.E., has been re- 
 named Diisieldorf-Derendorf, and is the first stopping-place for the ordinary 
 trains to Duisburg, Essen, etc. ; the Dusseldorf- Bilk station, to the S., is the 
 first station of the Dusseldorf and Neuss line (p. 53). The latter has 
 another station at Obercassel^ on the left bank of the Rhine (PI. A, 4). 
 
 Hotels. 'Bkeidenbacher Hof (PI. a; C, 5), R. 3, L. & A. 1, B. I1/4 Jl\ 
 *H6tel Heck, Blumen-Str., between the Hofgarten and the Konigsplatz 
 (PI. C, 5); *H6tel Thongen {KaiserlicherHof; PL d; C, 6), Konigs-Alle'e; 
 — *RoMiscnER Kaiser (PI. c; B, 5), Benrather-Str. 3, with good cuisine 
 and wine, R. 1V2-2, A. V2 -^i \ Kolnischer Hof (PI. e; B, 5), at the corner 
 of the Flinger-Str. and Wittel-Str. : European Hotel (PI b ; B, 6), Friedrich- 
 Str. 1. well spoken cf; Hotel Central, Konigs-Alle'e 32, and Zweibrcckek
 
 DUSSELDORF 
 
 ^^
 
 to Cologne. DUSSELDORF. 2. Route. 19 
 
 HoF, in the same street, both with handsome beer-restaurants ; DreiLowen, 
 Schadow-Str. 51 ; Petzold, Friedrich-Str. ; Post, Casernen-Str., opposite 
 the post-office, with restaurant; ^Rugenbeeg, Benrather-Str. 14, K. IV2-2 j}-^ 
 Hotel Taunus, Grafenberger-Str. 32; Zum Pralate.v, Wagner-Str. 21, well 
 spoken of; Hotel Krusixg, opposite the new Central Station, with beer 
 & wine restaurant. — Fraukin M. Kriisemanii's Pension, by the Hofgarten 
 (4-6 JO. 
 
 Restaurants. Wine-restaurants: 'Breidenb^ieherffof and iheEdfelSeck, 
 see above; Kiippers, Elberfelder-Str. 11; Bierbach, Allee-Str. ; Dick; Zoll- 
 Str. 9; Seiden. Berger-Str. 35. — Beer-restaurants: Hdtel Central, Zicei- 
 brilckei' Ho/\ see above ; Drei Loicen, Schadow-Str. ; Prcilaten, Wagner-Str. ; 
 Hdtel Kriising, see above; Hotel duNord, Bismarck-Str, ; Hotel Graf Moltke, 
 Harold-Str. IB; Hotel Buscher, Ost-Str. 87. — Open-air restaurants: ^eu- 
 haus, on the Ananasberg (p. 22j ; .ff»sA-e?/er6erg'(Pl. B, C, 4), on the harbour, 
 overlooking the Rhine. 
 
 Cafes. Wiener Cafi, corner of Koniga-Platz ; Theater-Cafi, Alle'e-Str. ; 
 Caf 4 Brandtschdd., SchSidiow-Siv.:, Geislei; confectioner, Allee-Str. 12; Bier- 
 fiof, confectioner. Breite-Str. 4, 
 
 Public Amusements. "Tonhalle (PI. D, 4), a favourite place of re- 
 creation, with a large garden and concert-rooms (music several times a 
 week, symphony-concert on Sat.)i Zoological Garden., accessible by tram- 
 way (p. '23); Flora Garden (PI. B, 4), at the S. end of the town, with palm- 
 house and restaurant. 
 
 Theatre (PI. C, 4), All^e-Str. 
 
 Baths. Town Baths (swimming, Turkish, etc.), Griin-Str. 15. — River 
 Baths, see PI. B, 3. 
 
 Cabs. Per drive for 1-2 persons 60, for each addit. pers. 25 pf. — Tram- 
 ways traverse the town and suburbs. 
 
 Post Office (PI. B, 6), at the corner of the Casernen-Str. and Harold-Str. 
 
 Telegraph Office (PLC, 6). Konigs-All^e 29, with central telephone-station. 
 
 Picture Galleries. "Schulte''s, Alle'e-Str. 42, where not only the finest 
 new works of the Diisseldorf school, but a number of masterpieces of 
 earlier painters are exhibited (most of them for sale). Other exhibitions 
 at /. Morsrhhe user's, Konigs-Allee 36; Bismeyer d- Kraus, Bazar -Str. 7, 8; 
 lichavJ/s Library, Allee-Str. 23 (also ancient pictures). 
 
 British Consul for Westphalia and the Rhenish Provinces: Thos. 
 R. Mulvaney, Esq., Derendorfer - Str. 1. — American Consul: D. J. Par- 
 tello. Esq... Duisburger-Str. 112. 
 
 English Church" Service at 10.45 a.m., and also on the first Sun. of 
 each month at 7 p.m.. in the smaller Protestant Church, Berger-Strassc. 
 Chaplain, Rev. Geo. H. Moxon, Charlotten-Str. 8. 
 
 Diisseldorf, the capital of the district of that name, with 144,600 
 Inhab., lies on the right bank of the Rhine at the influx of the Du^sei- 
 bach. With the exception of some of the oldest streets it is a pleasant 
 and well-built town. At the beginning of the 16th cent, it was chosen 
 as a residence by the Dukes of Berg, and on their becoming extinct 
 in 1609 it continued to be the residence of the Princes Palatine till 
 1716, who then transferred their seat to Mannheim, and afterwards 
 to Munich. In 1806-13 Diisseldorf belonged to France, and in 1815 
 it became Prussian. 
 
 Recently Diisseldorf has become an important industrial and 
 commercial town, though the manufactories are comparatively un- 
 obtrusive. It is chiefly celebrated, however, as a school of art. 
 
 The Diisseldorf Acad'emy of Art, founded by the Elector Charles Theo- 
 dore in 1767 and reorganised in 1819, rapidly attained new importance 
 under the auspices oi Peter Cornelius (iS2i.-2Q ; p. 22) andstill more during 
 the first ten years of his successor Wilhehn Schadow (182 < -59), who brought 
 with him from Berlin his talented pupils J, HUbner, Hildebrandt, Lessing, 
 
 2*
 
 20 Route 2. DUSSELDORF. From Rotterdam 
 
 Sohn, and Bendetnann^ while /. W. Schiiiner, a classical landscape-painter 
 of Cornelius's school, still remained at Diisseldorf. At a later date the 
 school of painters of religious scenes, consisting of Deger (p. 64) and his 
 followers Andreas and Carl Milllev, Ittenbach, and Lauenstein. enjoyed a 
 considerable reputation. On the retirement of Schadow, in 1859, Bende- 
 mann (1850-68) was summoned from Dresden to undertake the directorate. 
 Bendemann was followed by a directorate of three professors, under the 
 presidency of Peter Janssen (b. 1844), the historical painter. At present 
 the sole director is Prof. C. Miillev. The brothers Andreas and Oswald 
 AchenbacJi, Vautier., and other talented masters paint at Diisseldorf inde- 
 pendently of the Academy. 
 
 In the "heart of the older part of the town, with its narrow and 
 irregular streets, once stood the old electoral Palace, long the seat 
 of the Acaderoy of Art (see p. 21), which was rebuilt in 1710, 
 partly restored in 1846, burned down in 1872 and afterwards re- 
 moved except the restored tower. In front of it is the extensive 
 Provincial Library. In the court rises a Statue in marble of Elector 
 John William (d. 1716), who was born at Diisseldorf. — On the 
 Rhine, to the W. of the Burgplatz (PI. B, 4), is the Art- Industrial 
 School, an edifice in the French Renaissance style, built by West- 
 hofen in 1882 ; it contains an Industrial Museum (adm. daily, ex- 
 cept Mon., 50 pf. ; Wed., free; the Japanese collections are spec- 
 ially fine). 
 
 In the Market Place (PI. E, 5), in front of the Rathhaus, or 
 Toion Hall, built in 1567 half in the Gothic and half in the Re- 
 naissance style (the"W. wing in the French Renaissance style added 
 in 1885), rises an equestrian Statue of Elector John William, in 
 bronze, over life-size, by Grupello, dating from 1711, erected ac- 
 cording to the inscription by the citizens, but in reality by the elector 
 himself. To the S. opens the Markthallen-Passage, a covered arcade 
 with a facade in the Renaissance style. — In the neighbouring 
 Bolker-Strasse flemric/i Heine, the poet, was born in 1799 (d. 1856). 
 
 The Maximilians- Pfarrkirche, formerly the church of the Francis- 
 cans (PI. B, 5), contains frescoes by Settegast (above the high-altar) 
 and Molitor. In the adjoining 'Platz', to the S.W., rises a Column 
 of St. Mary, with statues of the four major prophets, by J. Reiss. 
 
 The Church of St. Lambert (PI. B, 4), a Gothic edifice of the 
 end of the 14th cent., with a tower partly Romanesque, contains at 
 the back of the high-altar the Monument in marble of William IV. 
 (d. 1592) and John William III. (d. 1609), the last two dukes of 
 Cleve and Berg, and of other members of their family, erected in 1629. 
 There is also an 'Antependium', on a gold ground, representing the 
 patrons of the church, painted and presented by A. Achenbach, on the 
 occasion of his joining the Roman Catholic Church. Adjoining the 
 sacristy is an old mural painting (Virgin with Angels). The group 
 of the Crucifixion , on the exterior of the N. side of the church, 
 sculptured in stone in the 16th cent., has been entirely restored 
 in 1886. — An inscription in the Ratinger-Strasse indicates the 
 house in which Carl Immermann (1796-1840), the author, died.
 
 to Cologne. DUSSELDORF. 2. Route. 21 
 
 The Church of St. Andrew (PI. B, 4), formerly the church 
 of the court and of the Jesuits, completed in 1629, and connected 
 vrith the old college which is now occupied by the government 
 offices , contains the tombs of Count Palatine Wolfgang William 
 (d. 1653) and Elector John William, mentioned above, in a chapel 
 off the choir. Side-altars : left, Deger, Virgin ; right, Hiibner, 
 Scourging of Christ. Side-chapel to the right of the choir : W. 
 Schadow, Piet^, a painting in oils. 
 
 On the N. side of the old town rises the Academy of Art 
 [PI. B, 4), an imposing Eenaissance edifice by Kiffart, com- 
 pleted in 1879. The principal facade, 520 ft. long, is turned to- 
 wards the winter-harbour, and is embellished with handsome win- 
 dows and niches for statues. It contains several studios and 
 lecture-halls, a collection of plaster-casts, etc. In the Aula, the 
 mural *Decoration of which is from the brush of Prof. Janssen, 
 are 141 works of the once famous Gallery of Old Masters, the 
 greater part of which was removed to Munich in 1805 (adm.on Sun., 
 11-1, gratis, at other times 50 pf.). The most valuable paintings 
 are an Assumption hy Rubens^ and Madonnas by Cima da Cone- 
 gliano and Bellini. It also contains a large collection of drawings 
 of every school (14,000 in number) and engravings, and the Ram- 
 boux collection of water-colours. 
 
 The old town is separated from the Modbrx Quarters on the 
 
 E. side by the broad Alle'e-Strasse, planted with trees, in which 
 are the exhibitions of paintings mentioned at p. 19. Near the N. 
 end of the Alle'e-Strasse, opposite the entrance to the Hofgarten 
 (p. 22), in the Friedrichs-Platz (PL B,4), is the Kunsthalle, erected 
 in 1881 in the French Renaissance style by 6'iese, with a large mosaic 
 on the facade (Truth as the foundation of Art, after Fr. Roeber, by 
 Salviati). It contains a permanent Exhibition of Art and the *Stadti- 
 sche Gemdldesammlung, or municipal gallery of modern Diisseldorf 
 masters. On the exterior facade is a large mosaic. Admission daily 
 9-6, 50 pf.; catalogue 30 pf. 
 
 Landscapes by ^. Achenbach, executed between 1843 and 1866 ^ 0. Achen- 
 bach, Funeral at Palestrina and two Italian landscapes ; A. Baur, Christian 
 martyrs of the Roman imperial age; C. Begas, Exposure of Moses; Bewer, 
 Beheading of John the Baptist; F. Briiit, In the judge's presence; Ed. 
 Schulz-Briesen, The parting; W. Camphausen, Frederick the Great; Cor- 
 nelius, Tiie Wise and Foolish Virgins, one of the earliest works , and 
 one of the few oil-paintings executed by this master, begun in 1813, for- 
 merly in the possession of Thorvaldsen; E. Biicker, Coast -scene; J. P. 
 Hasenclever y Wine -tasting, the master's last picture; Ph. HildeOrandt^ 
 Portrait of Wappers, the Antwerp painter; J. HuOner, Portrait of Prof. 
 Keller; R. Jordan., The first child; L. Knaus, Card-players and a genre- 
 piece; B. £nupfer, Gotz von Berlicbingen ; Chr. Kohler, Hagar and Ishmael; 
 
 F. Lenbach., Prince Bismarck ; G. F. Lessing., Landscape with military scene; 
 Th. Mintrop, Holy Family; H. K. A. Miicke, Portrait; C. Muller, Annun- 
 ciation; L. Munihe, Winter scene; F. Neuhaus, Helfenstein; /. Niessen, 
 Portrait of Schirmer; A. Jiormann, Norwegian fjord; J. Rating, Portraits 
 of Schadow and C.F. Lessing; H. Sulentin, Village sermon; /. W. Schirmer, 
 Italian landscape, Dutch landscape. Twenty-six Biblical scenes ; A. Schrodier, 
 Don Quixote before Dulcinea of Toboso ; A. Seel, Church of St. Mark,
 
 22 Route 2. DUSSELDORF. From Rotterdam 
 
 Venice; C. F. Sohn, Tasso and the two Leonoras ; ^. iTjciemonrf, Service of 
 the Haugianer in Norway ; B. Vautier^ 'Little Obstinate'. 
 
 On the other side of the Alle'e-Strasse is the handsome Theatre 
 (PL C, 4), built in 1875 by Giese. In the open space to the S.E,, 
 at the N. end of the Konigs-AUee, rises the Statue of Cornelius 
 (PI. C, 4), the eminent painter (b. at Diisseldorf in 1783, d. 1867), 
 by Donndorf, erected in 1879. At the sides of the handsome pedestal 
 are allegorical figures of Poetry and Religion ; in front, Painting, upon 
 the Sphinx ; at the back, Germania and Italia, in relief. The frieze 
 represents Faust and Helen. — The house in which Cornelius was 
 born, Kurze-Strasse 15, is marked by a memorial-slab. — Opposite 
 the statue of Cornelius is a monumental Fountain, erected in 1882 
 after a design by Miisch. 
 
 Farther on is the Schadow-Platz (PI. C, 4, 5), which is em- 
 bellished with a colossal Bust of W. Schadoiv (h. 1789, d. 1862), in 
 bronze, designed by Wittig. — The handsome hall of the Realschule, 
 or Commercial School (PI. C, D, 5), Kloster-Str. 7, is adorned with 
 a*Fresco-frieze hy Bendemann, being an allegorical representation 
 of Art, Science, Commerce , and Industry , the finest work of the 
 kind at Diisseldorf. Admission 50 pf. ; explanatory notice 1 JL 
 
 In the KoxiGS-Pi-ATz (PI. C, 5) the new Prot. Church of St. John, 
 in the Romanesque style, erected in 1875-81 from plans by Kyll- 
 mann and Heyden. On the S.W. side of the Platz is the Justiz- 
 gebaude, or court-house, the assize-room in which contains 
 Schadow's last great oil-painting (Paradise, Hell, and Purgatory), 
 painted by order of King Frederick William IV. — Adjacent are 
 the new civic Archives, a brick building. 
 
 The Hofgarten (PL B-D, 3, 4 ; cafe-restaurant on the Ananas- 
 lerg, p. 19), which was laid out in 1769, but was extended and 
 altered with artistic taste after the levelling of the fortifications in 
 1802 by the director Weihe, to whom a monument (PL J), 4) has 
 been erected, affords charming promenades. The well-kept grounds 
 extend down to the Rhine on the W. , and on the E. to the Jagerhof 
 (PL D, 4), once a hunting-lodge, and now occupied by the Prince of 
 Hohenzollern. The stables in the Duisburger-Str. are tastefully 
 adorned with sculptures. 
 
 Nearly adjoining the Hofgarten is the ioxmex Pempelfort Garden, 
 once the residence of the philosopher Friedrich Heinrich Jacob! 
 (d. 1819), and visited by Goethe, Herder, Wieland, and other cele- 
 brities of that period. Since 1860 it has belonged to the Malkasten 
 club of artists (introduction by a member), and forms the centre of 
 their social meetings, and the scene of their summer festivals. In the 
 new building (PL D, 4) in the garden, in the Renaissance style, is a 
 fine room with excellent paintings on wood. — To the N.W., in 
 the Stern-Str., is the Rom. Cath. Marien- Hospital (PL D, 3), in the 
 Gothic style. 
 
 In the Neue Anlagen, or new promenades, stands the Provinzial-
 
 to Cologne. MULHEIM. 2. Route. 23 
 
 Standehaus, or House of the Rhenish Estates (PI. B, 6, 7), built in 
 1879 in the Italian style byRascbdorff. — In the Bilker- Allee is the 
 Flora Garden (PL B, 8), vrith a fine concert-hall. In the former 
 village of Bilk, V2^^- *<> t^e '--5 '^ow a part of Diisseldorf, are the old 
 Romanesque church of 5t. iVarf in (PI. A, 7, 8) and the Observatory. 
 — The Cemetery, to the N. of the town (PI. B, 1, 2), contains several 
 handsome monuments. To the S. of the town (Pi. A, 6), an ex- 
 tensive Harbour is under construction. 
 
 To the 2s. E. of the town, about IV-j 31. from the Konigs-Platz, and 
 reached by tramway, lies the Zoological Garden (PI. F,l, 2; adm. 50 pf. ; 
 band on Wed. and Sat. afternoons), tastefully laid out from plans by 
 Bodinus and the painter Professor Camphausen , but as yet possessing 
 few wild animals. — Adjoining the Zoological Garden on 'the E. is the 
 Siisselthal Asylum for homeless children, formerly a Trappist monastery, 
 presented by the government to Count von der Recke in 1819, and fitted 
 up by him for its present purpose. 
 
 The ancient town of Kaiserswerth (Rheinischer Hof), with 2300 inhab., 
 on the right bank of the Rhine, 6 M. from Diisseldorf and 2V2 31. from Cal- 
 cum (p. 18), is the seat of a training school for Protestant Sisters of Charity, 
 an extensive institution, with branches in many dillerent parts of Germany, 
 founded by the benevolent pastor Fliedner (d. iS64) in 1836. The old 
 Romanesque Church of Kaiserswerth, of the r2th and 13th cent., contains 
 an admirably executed "^Reliquary of the 13th cent., in which the bones of 
 St. Suitbertu's, a native of Ireland who first preached the Gospel here in 
 710, are preserved. Of the palace from which the young Emp. Henry IV. 
 was carried off in 1062 in a vessel belonging to his austere guardian Arch- 
 bishop Anno nothing is now left but a few fragments, called the 'Konigsburg". 
 
 Railway to Cologne. To the left rises Schloss Eller. Beyond 
 (157 M.) Benrath, among the trees to the right, stands a handsome 
 royal chateau erected in 1756-60 by Elector Palatine Charles Theo- 
 dore. Beyond (162 M.) Langenfeld the train crosses the Wu^pper^ passes 
 the chateau of Reuschenberg (left), and at (146 M.) Kiippersteg crosses 
 the Dhiln. The Rhine is approached near Schloss Stammheim, a 
 chateau of Count Fiirstenberg, beyond which the train reaches (172 M.) 
 Molheim amRhein (BergischerHofJ^ a thriving manufacturing town 
 with 31,000 inhab., which owes its prosperity to Protestant citizens 
 who emigrated from Cologne in the 17th century. Handsome modern 
 Gothic church near the station, by Zwirner. 
 
 Feoji Mulheiji to Beegisch-Gladbach akd Bensberg, 11 M., branch- 
 railway in Ihr. (1 Ji 50 pf., 1 Jf 10, 80 pf.). — One of the finest existing 
 Gothic edifices, similar in plan to the Cologne Cathedral, is the church of 
 the suppressed Cistercian abbey of Altenberg, founded in 1255, consecrated 
 in 1379. This magnificent edifice, situated in the Dhiin Valley, 6 M. to the N. 
 of Gladbach, was judiciously restored by Frederick William IV., by whose 
 ancestors, the Counts Adolph and Eberhard vom Berge, the abbey was 
 founded in 1133. Several members of the family are interred here. — 
 Benaberg (Hotel Bellevue; Rheinischer Hof, well spoken of), a village with 
 1800 inhab., possesses a chateau built by Elector-Palatine John William 
 in 1705, now a military school. 
 
 From Miilheim to Elherfeld and Barmen, see R. 7. 
 
 Below Miilheim the train intersects the fortifications of Deuiz 
 (p. 49), where the ordinary trains stop, while the express crosses 
 the railway-bridge to (175 M.) Cologne. 
 
 Steamboat from Diiaseldnrf to Cologne tedious, although several places 
 on the banks pn.'sess historical interest.
 
 24 
 
 3. Cologne. 
 
 Railway Stations. 1. Central Station (PI. F, 4; *Rcstaurant) at Cologne, 
 for all the trains on the left bank of the Rhine and for the express-trains 
 to Blinden, Hanover, and Berlin, and to Troisdorf, Ehrenhreil stein, and 
 Lahnstein. — 2. The West Station (PI. F, 1), and 3. The South Station 
 (PI. C, 2), both for slow trains only. — 4. The Right Rhenish Station at 
 13cutz (PI. E, 6), for the ordinary trains to Diisseldorf, Giessen, Troisdorf 
 and Ehrenbreitstein, Elberfeld, Cassel, and Berlin, and Bensbcrg. — Om- 
 7iibus from the Central Station at Cologne in connection with the trains 
 starting from the last-named station. — Porter into the town: for packages 
 not exceeding lllbs., 30 pf. ; not exceeding 551b8., 50 pf.; not exceeding 
 100 lbs., 75 pf. Cabs, see p. 25. 
 
 Hotels. 'Hotel du Noed (PI. a : E, 5), Franken-Platz 6, near the iron 
 bridge, with railwav-ticket, luggace-despatch , and telegraph office, R. 
 from 3 Jjf, A. 80 pf., B. IV4, I>. 41/2 Jl ; -Hotel Disch (PI. b : E, 4), Briicken- 
 Str. 13-21, R. and L. 3 Jif, A. GO, B. 1.20. D. '6\'-2 Jl \ 'Victoria (PI. d: 
 D, E, 5), Heumarkt 46-50, R., L., & A. from 21/2 Jl, B. 1 Jl 20, D. 3 ^^^ 
 •Hotel Ernst (PI. e: F,4), Trankgasse 3, between the station and the cathe- 
 dral, R., L., <fe A. 21/2-31/2, B. 1, 1), 3 Jl-^ Hotel de Hollande (PI. g : D, 5), 
 Thurniuarkt 36-40, on the Rhine; *Hotel du Dome (PI. i: E, 4), Domhof 
 5-11. R., L., (fe A. from 3, B. 1.20, D. 3 Jl; *Hotel Weber (PI. h : D,4), 
 Hoch-Str. 2Y, in the Augustiner-Platz, {;ood cuisine and wine. R., L., A., 
 * B. 4, D. ^ Jl; Mainzer Hof (PI. c: E, 3), Glockengasse 14-20, R. from 2, 
 B. 1, D. 2V2 Ji. — The following are less pretentious : =-'H6tel St. Paul, 
 Fettenhennen 19 (PI. E, F, 4), by the cathedral, R. from 2, B. 1, J).2Jl\ 
 '■'Laacher HoF (PI. n: D, 2), Am Laach 6-8; ''ANTONETTr ('Ewige Lampe'), 
 Comijdien-Str. 8; Hotel de Cologne (PI. k: D, 5), on the Rhine, well 
 spoken of; ''Rheinischer Hof, Unter Fettenhennen (PI. E, F, 4), opposite 
 the chief portal of the cathedral; Europaischer Hof, Comodien-Str. 2, 
 near the cathedral; Four Seasons, Coniodien-Str. li; Belgischer Hof, 
 Comodien-Str. 21-25; Hotel Krusing, Kuiser-Wilhelm-Ring 43; 'Hotel 
 Fischer, Burgmauer 3, R. 2, D. 2, B. ^|^ Jl-^ Hotel Tils (Bergischer Ilof), 
 Thurnmarkt 3-5, near the bridge-of-boats, well spoken of; Landsberg, 
 Marzellen-Str. 1; Union, Dominikaner 2; Vanderstein-Bellen, Heu- 
 markt 20, well spoken of; ParIser Hof (PI. m; E, 4), Hotel Hofer, both 
 in the Drususgasse ; Kaiserhof, Salomonsgasse 11 ; Bavaria, Rechtsschule 6 ; 
 Germania, Fettenhennen 5; Hotel-Restaurant Obladen, St. Agatha 21; 
 Hotel Continental, Donihof 16, with 'Weinstube', well spoken of, R. 
 from 2, B. 1 Jl. 
 
 At Deutz: Grand Hotel Bellevoe, in the station beside the bridge-of- 
 boats (PI. E, 6), R., L., & A. 3, B. 1 Jl, with the 'Prinz Carl' garden 
 restaurant and its balconies on the Rhine (see below) ; Landskrone, Frei- 
 heit-Str. 
 
 Restaurants. ' Q. Bettger & Co., Kleine Budengasse 8 and 10 (PL E, 4), 
 with oyster-ealoon ; *JI/o«/er. Obermarspforten 15, also a confectioner's and 
 cafe; *Hemer, Herzog-Str. 10. These three are of the lirst class, and visited 
 by ladies. The "Giirzenich Restaurant (p. 41) is similar. — Wine. ' Beck- 
 maiitiy Am Hof 42; ~JEwige Lampe (Antonetty's Hotel), see above; "Alc- 
 deutsche Weinstube , Am Hof 14 (PI. E,4); Freischlitz, Am Hof 16; Langen, 
 Salomon.sgasse 13; //c-'t'eZ, Sandbahn 10 ; '-.Ermsc/i, Martin-Str. 26 ; "Gut/mick, 
 Lintga3-e9(Rhine wines); Utockhausen, Grosse Budengasse 3 ; *Pe!<er«, Sevcrin- 
 Str. 187; Ratttnfalle , Sachscnhauseu 17; Beiss^ Unter Goldschmidt 26 
 (Moselle); Guti, Grosse Sandkaul 24; etc. — At Deutz : Prim Carl, garden- 
 restaurant (see above). — Beer. -Fischer, in the arcade off the Hoch-Str. 
 (PI. E, 4); Kaiserhof, Salomonsgasse 5-11; ' Im Alien Prdsidium, Sehilder- 
 gasse 84; "Im Romer, Unter Goldschmied 48; "Krdnkel, Murtin-Str. 24 
 (Pilsener beer); 'Belgischer Ilof, Comodien-Str. 21; "Rheinischer Hof, also 
 a hotel, see above; *Englischer Hof, Trankgasse 1, tastefully decorated; 
 "Schaito, Breite-Str. 137, an old house; Thoren, Comodien-Str., at the corner 
 of the Kleine Xcugasse, and many others. — In the new quarters of the town : 
 *An der Ulrepforte^ Sachsen-Ring 3-i; Drei Kaiser, Chlodwigs-Platz ; Adler, 
 Hohenzollern-Ring 68. — Cafes. ^'Cafi Monopol, Hoch-Str., at the corner
 
 Cahs. 
 
 COLOGNE. 
 
 3. Eoute. 25 
 
 of the Perlenpfahl ; -Palant, Hoch-Str. 119, corner of the Minoriten-Str. ; 
 'Fischer, see above; ~Ca/i du Dome, DomhofT-9; 'Fiheinberg, Friedrich- 
 Wilholm-Str. 12: "Kaiser Wilhelm Cafi, in the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Ring. Beer 
 at all these, and numerous newpapers in the first four. Wiener Cafi, Briicken- 
 Str. 4. — Confectioners. Ca/^ J/os/er, Oben-Marspforten ; *iie«c7iard,Hohe- 
 Str. 154; -Eigel, Schildergasse 36; "Esser, Hohe-Str. 53. 
 
 Places of Recreation. Zoological Garden, 1 M. below the town, nearly 
 opposite Miilheim, see p. 48. Adm. 1 Jl, on Sundays 50 pf. ; concert'^ on 
 Sun., Sat. and Wed. afternoons. Tramway-cars and steamers (see p. 26) 
 ply between the town and the gardens (Restaurant). — Flora Garden, ad- 
 joining the Zoological Garden, see p. 48. Admission 1 Jl, on Sundays 50 pf. 
 Aquarium 50 pf. Restaurant: concerts on Sun. and Wed., and oftener in 
 summer; lawn tennis courts. — Kurfiirsten-Garten, on the Rhine, at the 
 corner of the Frohngasse, beside the quay of the Miilheim steamers (p. 23); 
 band in the afternoon. — Zur Miinze (PI. H, 6), a pleasant garden on the 
 Rhine, at the X. end of the town. — Stadt-Garten (PI. F, 1; p. 48), with 
 restaurant and 'Trinkhalle' for mineral waters. — Volks-Garten (PI. A, 
 3, 4; p. 48), near the Salier-Ring, with boating-lake. — Bayenhaus, at 
 the S. end of the town. — -Marienhurg. restaurant with pretty grounds 
 (p. 60; tramway from the Waidmarkt ; steamboat in the afternoon, see 
 p. 26) ; adjacent on the Rhine, the Alteburger MUhle, commanding a fine 
 view. — Briihl (p. 72) also attracts numerous visitors. 
 
 Theatre (PI. E, 4), Glockengasse (1st Sept. to 1st May). 
 
 Panorama in the Rudolfs-Platz, beside the Hahnen-Thor. in the new 
 town (PI. E, 2): Charge of the Bredow cuirassiers at Mars-la-Tour on 
 16th Aug. 1870 (3 a. m. till dusk, adm. 1 .//). 
 
 Music. The Gurzenich Concerts (p. 41; seats in the body of the hall 
 5 .//, in the gallery 2 -//), ten in number, which take place annually in 
 winter, have attained a European celebrity. — The Conservatorium of Music 
 (Wolfs-Str. 3), founded in 1851, is supported paitly by government and the 
 city, and partly by private subscription , and has numbered among its 
 directors some of the most talented musicians of Germany. Another insti- 
 tution which has earned a high reputation is the Mdnner-Gesangverein, 
 or Men's Vocal Societv, bv which admirable concerts are given at the 
 Wolkenburg (p. 44). 
 
 Baths. The Hohenstaufenbad, in the Hohenstaufen-Ring (PI. D, 3), a 
 handsome building, is excellently fitted up ; large swimming-baths for 
 ladies and gentlemen. Siegen, Schildergasse 72 (also Russian baths, &c.). 
 — Baths in the Rhine, by the bridge-of-boats (also warm baths); Schiefer, 
 in Deutz, near the bridge-of-boats, Jiolden, at the Rheinau, these two with 
 swimming-baths and accommodation for ladies ; Pionier-Schwimmanstali, in 
 Deutz, below the iron bridge. 
 
 Cab Tariff. Persons: 
 
 A. Per Drive. 
 Drive within the city, as far as the new ram- 
 parts and the gates of Deutz ....... 
 
 Zoological and Flora Gardens and Race course 
 Bridge-toll for drives between Cologne and 
 
 Deutz 
 
 B. Bp Time. 
 For 1/2 hr 
 
 1 
 
 2 1 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 Jlpi. 
 
 Jfpf. 
 
 Jivi- 
 
 Jf pf. 
 
 - 75 
 1. 25 
 
 1 - 
 1. 25 
 
 1. 25 
 1. 75 
 
 1. 50 
 1. 75 
 
 - 75 
 
 - 75 
 
 - 75 
 
 - 75 
 
 1 - 
 
 2 - 
 1 - 50 
 
 1 - 
 
 2 - 
 
 - 50 
 
 1. 50 
 3 - 
 
 - 75 
 
 1. 50 
 3 - 
 - 75 
 
 For 1 hr 
 
 Each additional V* hr 
 
 Drives to the suburbs (except to Deutz, Flora, Zoolog. Garden, etc., 
 see above) are always reckoned by time. For a trunk or heavy package 
 25 pf.; small articles free. — Double fares from 10 p.m. to 7 a.m. 
 
 Tramways. A. From the Cathedkal (PI. E, F, 4, 5) : 1. By Bahnhof-Str., 
 Unter Sachsenhausen, Christ. ph-Str. (P1.F,3). Eaiser WiUtelm-Ring, Hohen- 
 ?o«er»-i?tnp(Pl.E,F,2), Hohenstaufen-Ring, Barharossa- Platz (PI. C, 2), 
 Weyer-Str., Blaubach, Eeumarkl(P].D, E,5), and Altenmarkt, and vice-versa ; 
 cars in each direction every 7 minutes. — 2. By Unterfettenhennen (PI. 
 E, F, 4), the Museum, Ludwi'g-Str., Glockengasse, Kreuzgasse, Schildergasse,
 
 26 Route 3. COLOGNE. Steamboats. 
 
 Neumarkt (PI. E, 3), Mauritius- Steinweg, Salier-Ring (PL B, C, 2, 3) io 
 the Chlodwigs-Platz (PI. A, 4)-, returning by the Mauritius-Steinweg, Apostel- 
 kirche, and Brcite-Str., every 8-15 minutes. — 3. Alone; the bank of the 
 Rhine to the Kaixer- Garten, Flor-a, and the Zoological Gar-den, every 71/2-10 
 min. in sumnaer and every 15 min, in v^inter. — 4. Chlodwigs-Platz (PI. 
 A, 4), Ring-l<tra$se, Flora (p. 48). 
 
 B. From the Eigelstein (PI. G, H, 4) via Nippes to the Zoological 
 Garden and the Flora. 
 
 C. From Eheenfeld (PI. F, 1) past the StadtGa-rten (PI. F, 1, 2) to the 
 Cathedral (PI. F, 4), and thence to the S. by the Altenmarkt, Heumarkt 
 (PI. E, D, 5), Waidmarkt, and Severin-Str. (PI. D-A, 4) to Bayenthal, and 
 to Marienburg and Rodenkirchen. 
 
 D. From the Neumarkt (PI. D, 3) to Lindenthal and Melaten (PI. E, 
 3, 2, 1). 
 
 E. From Deutz to Kalk (p. 57) and to MUlheim am Rhein (p. 23). 
 Omnibuses from the Bridge-of-hoats by Obenmarspforten, Schilder- 
 
 gasse, Neumarkt to Ehrenfeld and vice-versa, 10 and 15 pf. 
 
 Steamboats, see Introduction, p. xv. The piers are near the bridge- 
 of-boats (PI. D, 5, 6). Local Steamers ply frequently between Cologne and 
 Miilheim (p. 23; 25 pf.), starting from the bridge-of-boats (PI. D, E, 5), 
 and touching at St. Cunibert's (p. 47), and (20 pf.) near the Zoological and 
 Flora gardens (p. 48; 15 pf.). 
 
 Post Office (PI. E, 3), Glockengasse 25-27; an extensive new building to 
 the E. of the Dominikaner-Str. (PI. F, 4) will probably be opened in 
 1892. Branch-offices for letters and parcels at 46 Marzellen-Str., to the 
 N. of the Central Station, at 1 Hohe-Str., at 21 Weyer-Str., and at the 
 Hotel du Nord. — Telegraph Office (PI. D, 3), Csecilien-Str. 4 ; also at the 
 Central Station, at the Hotel du Nord, and at the office of the Kolnische 
 Zeitung, Breite-Str. 76 and 78. 
 
 Eau de Cologne. The oldest firms are Johann Maria Farina, opposite 
 the Jiilichs-Platz (Obenmarspforten 23); Johann Anton Farina (J. A. Neu- 
 man) 'Zur Stadt Mailand', Hoch-Str. 129, opposite the W. portal of the 
 cathedral; and Johann Maria Farina 'zur Stadt Turin', Hoch-Str. HI. 
 Case containing six bottles of the ordinary medium size, T^/zJl. 
 
 Exhibition of Paintings of the Kunst- Vei-ein, at the Museum (p. 36), 
 and at Ed. Schulte''s, Kichartz-Str. 16, near the Museum (PI. E, 4; adm. 
 50 pf.). — Castan's Panopficum (wax -works), Frohngasse, near the Zoo- 
 logical Garden. — Objects of Art and curiosities of all kinds are sold by 
 Lempertz, Grosse Sandknul 4. 
 
 American Consul: William D. Warner Esq., Hohenzollern-Ring 12. 
 
 English Church Service at No. 3 Bischofsgarten-Str. at 11 a.m. and 7 
 p.m. in winter, and at 8.80, 11, and 7.30 in summer. Chaplain, Rev. Rob. 
 Skinner, Hohenstaufen-Ring 52. 
 
 English Physician: Br. Hall, Rdhrergasse 32; Dr. Prior, Kaiser-Wil- 
 helm-Riug 1. — American Dentists : Dr. Hervey C. Mei-rill (of Boston), 
 Kaiser- Wilhelm-Ring 46, and Dr. F. C. Merrill. — Chemist : E. Pick (Dom- 
 Apotheke; speaks English). 
 
 Tourist Agents: /. Cook d- Son, Dom-Platz (also foreign bankers). 
 
 Principal Attractions : Cathedral, interior, and walk round the external 
 choir-gallery (p. 28); Miis^eum (p. 35), Hoch-Strasse; Rathhaus (p. 40); Mollke 
 Monument; Joh. v. Werth Fountain; Gilrzenich (p. 41) v Konigsdenkmal in 
 the Heumarkt (p. 42) ; St. Maria im Capitol (p. 42) ; thence proceed to the 
 Neumarkt and past the Church of the Apostles (p. 44) to St. Gereon (p. 45); 
 walk or drive in the new Ring- Sir asse (p. 47) and across one of the 
 Rhine Bridges; Flora or Zoological Garden (p. 48). A visit to the chief 
 sights of Cologne occupies two days, and is conveniently accomplished in 
 the order followed below. The best time for the churches is the morn- 
 ing after 9 o'clock. (Before that hour, and from 11 to 11. 30 a.m. there 
 is divine service.) 
 
 Cologne (130 ft. above the sea-level), the largest town in the 
 Rhenish Province of Prussia , the residence of an archbishop , and 
 one of the mo.st important commercial places in Germany, is a for-
 
 History. COLOGNE. 3. Itoute. 27 
 
 tress of the first class , with 291,000 inhabitants (five-sixths of whom 
 are Roman Catholics), including a garrison of 7954 men. It lies on 
 the left bank of the Rhine , across which a bridge-of-boats and an 
 iron bridge lead to Deutz, a suburb on the opposite bank (p. 49). 
 From a distance , and especially when approached by steamboat, 
 the town with its numerous towers presents a very imposing appear- 
 ance, but most of the old streets are narrow, gloomy , and badly 
 drained. Many of them, however, contain interesting specimens 
 of domestic architecture, dating from the 16th, 15th, and even the 
 13th century. The development of the town received a great im- 
 petus in 1881, when the adoption of a new and farther advanced 
 line of fortifications literally doubled the area of the town-domain. 
 (Comp. p. 47.) 
 
 History. Cologne was founded by the Ubii, at the time when they 
 were compelled by Agrippa to migrate from the right to the left bank of 
 the Rhine (B. C. 3S). In A. D. 51 Agrippina, daughter of Germanicus and 
 mother of Nero, founded here a colony of Roman veterans, which at first 
 was called Colonia Agrippinensis, and afterwards Colonia Claudia Agrippina. 
 Of the strong walls of this settlement there are still some remains. 
 It was the seat of the Legate of Germania Inferior. In 303 Constantine 
 the Great began a stone bridge over the Rhine, which connected Mars- 
 pforten with what was then the island of St. Martin, and thence crossed 
 to Deutz. This bridge was afterwards destroyed by the Normans, and 
 finally removed by Archbishop Bruno fsee p. ib). From the end of 
 the fifth century Cologne belonged to the kingdom of the Franks, and 
 it was long occupied by the Ripuarian kings. Charlemagne raised the 
 bishopric, which had been founded here in the fourth century, to an arch- 
 bishopric, the first archbishop being the imperial chaplain Hildebold, who 
 built the oldest cathedral church, and presented to it a valuable library, 
 which still exists. 
 
 The archbishops soon began to lay claim to political as well as 
 ecclesiastical power, and endeavoured to construe the privileges granted 
 to them by the Emperor into unlimited jurisdiction over the city. In 
 consequence of these pretensions they were continually at variance with 
 the citizens, and their quarrels usually assumed the form of sanguinary 
 feuds, particularly under Anno II. (1056-75), Philipp von Heinsberg dlGT-Slj, 
 Conrad von Hochstaden (1238-61), Engelbert von Falkenburg (1261-74), and 
 Siegfried von Westerburg (1275-97). The long contest was decided in favour 
 of municipal independence by the battle of Worringen (1288; see p. 49), 
 and the archbishops were compelled to transfer their residence to Bruhl 
 (p. 72), and afterwards to Bonn. They retained, however, the highest 
 jurisdiction and other rights, and the citizens continued to take the oath of 
 allegiance, 'so long as they should be maintained in the rights and privileges 
 handed down to them by their forefathers'. The conflicts carried on in 
 the town itself, between dilTerent noble families or between the nobles 
 and the guilds, were still more violent. It was not till 1396, when the 
 guilds gained a decisive advantage, that there was a cessation of hostilities 
 (comp. p. 40). In 1482, 1513, and on other occasions, the city was again the 
 scene of revolutionary struggles. Its vigorous fund of vitality is shown by 
 the fact that, in spite of all these troubles, Cologne was unquestionably one 
 of the wealthiest and most prosperous cities in Germany at the end of 
 the 15th century. Its commerce, especially its trade with London, where 
 it possessed warehouses at the Guildhall, was of the greatest importance. 
 At an early date Cologne became incorporated with the Hanseatic League^ 
 in which it contested the supremacy with Liibeck. The weights and 
 measures of Cologne were in use in almost every Rhenish, "Westphalian, 
 and Dutch town. A fair held at Cologne at Easter attracted visitors from 
 all parts of Europe, and even from beyond the sea.
 
 28 Route 3. COLOGNE. Cathedral. 
 
 In the course of its mediaeval history Cologne may boast of having 
 twice been a cradle of German Art. The first occasion v?as about the 
 middle of the 12th century, when the ecclesiastical enthusiasm shown by 
 the acquisition of the relics of the Magi, and also the civic love of splendour, 
 found expression in a highly-developed style of Akchitectuke, calculated for 
 picturesque eflect (comp. p. xxviii). One after another the larger churches 
 were remodelled, special attention being devoted to the choir. The best spe- 
 cimen of this period of architecture is presented by the Apostelkirche, as 
 seen from the Neumarkt. During the 13th cent, the taste for building con- 
 tinued and led to a restoration of the Cathedral^ in which, however, the 
 traditional Romanesque architecture was abandoned for the new Gothic 
 style, emanating from France and then spreading rapidly throughout Europe. 
 For a period of about fifty years, dating from the close of the 14th century, 
 Cologne enjoyed a second golden era of art, chiefly confined to the province 
 of Painting (comp.p.xxxi). The municipal archives preserve the names of 
 a great number of painters, but only in a very few instances can any of 
 these be definitely attached to existing pictures. Among the best known 
 are Meister Wilhel'm (d. about 1380), of whose mural paintings in the Hansa- 
 Saal of the Eathhaus some remains are preserved (now in the Museum, 
 p. 37), a.nA. Meister Stephan (Lochney) of Considi.ncQ., who died in 1451. The 
 most famous pictures of this school in Cologne are the Dombild (p. 34), 
 the Madonna of the Priests' Seminary (p. 35), and the Madonna in an ar- 
 bour of roses (p. 38). — The taste for architecture was not extinct even at 
 a later period. The porch of the Rathhaus, for example, is an interesting 
 specimen of the German Renaissance. Not only were old churches re- 
 novated, but occasionally new ones were built (c. g. the Church of the 
 Jesuits). Prior to 1801,' when many of them were secularised, Cologne 
 possessed more than 100 churches, which, of course, could only be kept 
 in repair by constant care and attention. — In the province of Science, 
 Cologne held by no means so high a place as in that of art. The univer- 
 sity, founded in 1388, acquired, as the chief seat of the opposition to 
 Humanism in the contest of Reuchlin with the Obscurantists, a wide but far 
 from enviable reputation. It was suppressed at the close of last century. 
 
 After the 16th century Cologne declined, at first gradually, and after- 
 wards rapidly. In common with the rest of the Hanseatic towns its 
 commerce lost its former importance. Continual internal discords, leading 
 to the banishment in IGOS of the Protestants, who settled at Crefeld, 
 Elberfeld, Diisseldorf, and Miilheim, proved very prejudicial to the 
 interests of the city. It retained, however, its privileges as a free 
 imperial city until its occupation by the French (6th Oct., 1794). By the 
 peace of Campo Formio (17th Oct., 1797) it was incorporated with France. 
 — It was not till after 1815, under Prussian rule, that Cologne began to 
 revive. The rapid progress of its steamboat and railway systems, and 
 the enterprise of the citizens, many of whom possess great wealth, have 
 combined to make Cologne the centre of the Rhenish trade and one of 
 the most considerable commercial cities in Germany. 
 
 The **Cathedral i, or Dom (PI. E, F, 4), which justly excites 
 the admiration of every beholder, and is probably the most magni- 
 
 f Travellers are recommended not to engage any of the numerous 
 valets-de-place who hover about, in and near the cathedral , as their ser- 
 vices are unnecessary. The nave and transept with the stained-glass 
 windows are open the whole day, but walking about is forbidden during 
 divine service (on week-days 9-10 a.m. and 3-3.30 p.m.). Tickets to visit 
 the choir and treasury {i^jiJl each person) are sold by the 'Domschweizer', 
 or attendants stationed in the cathedral. Hours of admission: from 1st May 
 to 30th Sept. on Mon.-Frid. 10-11 a.m., 121/2-3, 3'/2-7 p.m. ; Sat. 10-11 a.m., 
 12V2-2'/2 p.m.; Sun. I2-IV2, 6-7 p.m.; from 1st Oct. to 30th April Mon.- 
 Frid. 10-11, II1/2-I, 31/2-5; Sat. 1011, ll'/2-l; Sun. 12-1 o'cl. _ From 8 to 
 83/4 a.m. the choir is open throughout the year, but walking about is 
 seldom allowed, a'^ divine service is then usually going on. Ascent to 
 the upper gallery, the towers, etc. see p. 35. — No fees need be given.
 
 Cathedral. COLOGNE. 3. Route. 29 
 
 flcent Gothic edifice in the world, stands on a slight eminence about 
 60 ft. above the Rhine, partly composed of Eoman remains, near the 
 Central Station. As early as the 9th century an episcopal church 
 [see p. 27) occupied this site, but in course of time the inhabitants 
 regarded it as unworthy of the rapidly increasing size and prosperity 
 of their city. The Archbishop St. Engelbert first entertained the 
 project of erecting a new church here, but in consequence of his 
 untimely death in 1225 (see p. 33) it was never executed. His 
 second successor Conrad of Hochstaden (see p. 33), after the old 
 church had been severely injured by a conflagration, at length laid 
 the foundation-stone of the present structure with great solemnity 
 on 14th Aug., 1248. The designer of this noble work is believed to 
 have been Meister Gerard, to whom the Chapter made a grant in 
 1257 in recognition of his services. 
 
 The choir was the first part of the building proceeded with. 
 The work progressed slowly, chiefly owing to the struggles between 
 the archbishops and the citizens (see p. 27). The stone used In 
 the building was quarried in the Drachenfels (see p. 84). On 
 27th Sept., 1322, the choir, which had been temporarily terminated 
 by a lofty wall towards the west, was solemnly consecrated by 
 Archbishop Heinrich, Count of Virneburg. The builder soon 
 proceeded to lay the foundations of the N. and (in 1325) S. 
 transepts, while at the same time the old church, whicli was still 
 used for divine service, was gradually removed. In 1388 the nave 
 ■was sufficiently advanced to be temporarily fitted up for service, 
 and in 1447 the bells were placed in the S. tower. Subsequently 
 the enthusiasm subsided, and by the end of the 15th century all 
 hope of seeing the church completed according to the original plan 
 was abandoned. The unfinished building was provided with a tem- 
 porary roof, and nothing more was done except the decoration of the 
 interior. Some of these decorations, such as those of the high-altar, 
 belong to the degraded style of the 17th and 18th centuries. The 
 uncompleted structure became more and more dilapidated. In 1796 
 the building was converted by the French into a hay-magazine, its 
 ruin being rendered more complete by the abstraction of the lead 
 from the roof. 
 
 Frederick William III. and IV., kings of Prussia, at length 
 rescued the desecrated edifice from total destruction. The former, 
 at the suggestion of Sulpice Boisseree, caused it to be examined by 
 the eminent architect Schinkel in 1816, and gave instructions for 
 its restoration. The work of renovation, however, was not begun 
 till 1823. It was at first carried on under the superintendence of 
 Ahlert (d. 1833), and afterwards under that of the talented Zwirner, 
 a thorough master of the Gothic style (d. 1861). On Zwirner's death 
 Herr Voigtel (b. 1829) succeeded to his office, and carried the work 
 to completion. Zwirner was the first to form the project of com- 
 pleting the cathedral, an idea hailed with general enthusiasm. The
 
 30 Route 3. 
 
 COLOGNE. 
 
 Cathedral. 
 
 foundation-stone of the new part of the building was laid on 4th 
 Sept., 1842, and more than 15,000^. were afterwards spent yearly on 
 the undertaking, the greater part of this amount being defrayed by 
 government, the remainder by private subscriptions, societies, and 
 the proceeds of a lottery. The entire sum expended between 1842 
 and 1880 amounted to upwards of 900,000^. The last stone of the 
 huge S. tower was placed in position in August, 1880, and on the 
 15th Oct. of the same year the completion of the Cathedral was cel- 
 ebrated in the presence of the Emperor William I, and almost all 
 the sovereign princes of the German Empire. The ^V. side of the 
 
 1. Engelbert Cbapel. 2. Maternus Ch. 3. Cb. of St. John. 4. Ch. of the 
 
 Three Kings. 5. Ch. of St. Agnes. 6. Ch. of St. Michael. 7. Ch. of St. 
 
 Stephen. 8. Ch. of the Virgin. 9. Treasury. 10. Sacristy. 11. Chapter 
 
 House. V2. Library.
 
 Cathedral. COLOGNE. 3. Route. 31 
 
 cathedral -was freed from the encroaching houses in June, 189'2, 
 and the S. side will follow it in the first half of 1893. 
 
 The cathedral is a cruciform structure (see Plan, p. 30), the 
 nave being flanked with double, and the transept with single aisles. 
 Total length 148 yds., breadth 67 yds., length of transepts 94 yds., 
 height of the walls 150 ft., height of the roof 201 ft., height of the 
 central tower rising over the transept 357 ft. The towers, 512 ft. in 
 height, are the loftiest church-towers in Europe. This enormous 
 mass of masonry is enlivened by a profusion of flying buttresses, 
 turrets, gurgoyles, galleries, cornices, foliage, etc. 
 
 The * W. Facade, which has been completed entirely in accord- 
 ance with the still extant original design of the 14th cent. , with 
 its two huge towers, the principal portal between them , and the 
 vast middle window, is a superb example of strictly consistent Go- 
 thic workmanship. The towers consist of four stories, of which the 
 three lower are square in form, while the fourth are octagonal, 
 crowned with elegant open spires. The bronze doors were modelled 
 by Schneider of Cassel, and cast at Iserlohn in 1891-92. 
 
 The Crane on the S. tower, which had stood there for 400 years and 
 constituted one of the chief landmarks of Cologne, was removed in 1868. 
 
 The largest of the Bells in the S. tower is the Kaiserglocke , which 
 was cast in 1874 with the metal of French guns , and weighs 25 tons ; 
 28 ringers are required to set it in motion. The next two in point of 
 size, cast in 1447 and 1448, weigh 11 and 6 tons. 
 
 The principal portal is 93 ft. in height and 31 ft. in width ; 
 the side-portals 38 ft. high and 18 ft. wide ; the central window 48 
 ft. high and 20 ft. wide. The portal of the S. tower was decorated 
 in the beginning of the 15th cent, with excellent sculptures, prob- 
 ably by Meister Conrad Kuyn. The arms of the transept are ter- 
 minated by the N. and S. portals, which were completed in 1859, 
 having been built entirely from Zwirner's designs , as the original 
 plans were no longer extant. The N. Portal is executed in a simple 
 style ; the beautiful *bronze doors, from the designs of Mengelberg 
 of Utrecht, were cast at Stuttgart (1891). The *S. Portal, with 
 bronze doors after Schneider's designs (see above), is elaborately 
 decorated, and embellished with statues designed by Schwanthaler. 
 
 The * Choir, completed in 1322, and flanked with seven chapels, 
 exhibits in its lower parts the simple and dignified forms of the 
 early Gothic style , while in the upper parts the full magnificence 
 and bold outlines of the consummated art are displayed. 
 
 The **Interior, which is borne by 56 piUars , is 130 yds. in 
 length. The nave is 16 yds. wide from the centre of one pillar to 
 that of the one opposite, and 145 ft. in height ; each of the inner 
 aisles is 71/2 yds., each of the outer 9 yds. wide ; each of the four 
 aisles is 60 feet high. The area of the interior is 7399 sq. yds. 
 In 1863 the partition which for centuries had separated the nave 
 from the choir (see p. 29) was removed. The effect produced by the 
 ensemble is now singularly impressive.
 
 32 Route 3. COLOGNE. Cathedral. 
 
 Nave andTRAKSBPT. The large stained-glass window aljovc the 
 W. portal , executed by Milde of Liibeck, was presented in 1878 
 by Emp, Frederick III., when Crown Prince. The five stained-glass 
 * Windows in the N. (left) aisle, executed in 1508 and 1509, and 
 presented by Archbishop Philipp von Daun-Oberstein, the town of 
 Cologne, Archbishop Hermann von Hessen, and Count Philipp von 
 Yirneburg, are among the finest examples of the kind now extant. 
 The subjects are: 1. Passion and Resurrection of Christ; 2. Life of 
 St. Peter, and Tree of Jesse; 3. SS. George, Reinold, Gereon, and 
 Maurice, with Agrippa and Marsilius, the traditionary founders of 
 Cologne ; 4. Visit of the Queen of Sheba to Solomon, the Three Magi, 
 St. Peter in the papal chair, the Archbishop of Cologne, and patron 
 saints of Hesse; 5. Coronation of the Virgin, St. John the Evange- 
 list, St. Peter in the papal chair, saints, and the donor with his two 
 wives. — The five beautiful modern windows of the S. aisle , with 
 representations from New Testament history, by Joseph Fischer and 
 HeUweger, were presented in 1848 by King Lewis I. of Bavaria. 
 The first window on the W. side of the S. Transept was in 1856 
 filled with stained glass, executed like the preceding in Munich, 
 to the memory of Joseph v. Gorres (d. 1848), 'catholicre veritatis de- 
 fcnsori glorioso'. The second window, and the one opposite it, re- 
 presenting respectively scenes from the lives of St. Peter and St. 
 Paul, were erected by the directors of the two leading railway-com- 
 panies at Colo.izne. The modern stained-glass windows above the 
 S. Portal, presented by the Emp. AVilliam L, were executed in Ber- 
 lin ; those of the N. portal, commemorating the elevation of Arch- 
 bishop V. Geissel of Cologne to the rank of cardinal , are of Cologne 
 workmanship. The old stained glass on the W. side of the N. Transept 
 is partly from several ancient churches of Cologne, now demolished, 
 and partly from the chapel of the Virgin in the cathedral. 
 
 The statues under the canopies on the pillars of the vestibule, 
 the nave, and transept, 6^3 ft. in height, represent prophets, apostles, 
 martyrs, fathers of the church, and saints. — By a pillar of the S. 
 transept stands a Statue of St. Christopher, about 10 ft. high, dating 
 from the 16th century. The carved altar by the E. wall of this transept, 
 in the late-Gothic style, is from the church of St. Maria ad Gradus. 
 
 The Choir is separated from the nave by an iron railing, which 
 is to be replaced by a lofty rood-loft. We enter by the N. (left) 
 door. Immediately to the left is the fine tomb of Anton Keyfeld 
 (d. 1539). Consoles projecting from the fourteen pillars of the 
 central part, or High Choir proper, bear Statues of Christ, Mary, and 
 the Twelve Apostles, said to have been executed by the cathedral 
 architect Michael, and restored in 1842. The marble reliefs in front 
 of the high-altar are ascribed to the same hand. The modern statues 
 in the transept were put up in 1866. The nine frescoes in the 
 arches of the choir, executed by Steinle in 1844, represent Angel 
 Choirs in the ecclesiastical symbolic style, differently coloured in
 
 Cathedral. COLOGNE. 3. Route. 33 
 
 accordance with their various stages of development ; they are best 
 seen from the gallery of the choir (p. 35). The walls behind the 
 choir-stalls are covered with tapestry worked by ladies of Cologne 
 after Ramboux's designs, illustrative of the Nicene Creed and the 
 Seven Sacraments. The handsome carved Stalls are of the 15th cen- 
 tury. Under brasses, with engraved full-length figures, repose Arch- 
 bishop V. Spiegel (d. 1835) and Cardinal von Geissel (d. 1864). 
 Above the triforium of the choir is a series of admirable old Stained 
 Glass Windows, representing the kings of Judah, etc., belonging 
 to the end of the 13th or the beginning of the 14th century. The 
 windows in the transepts are filled with stained glass presented by 
 private individuals. 
 
 Choir Chapels. In front of the sacristy is the sarcophagus of 
 Archbishop Engelbert von der .Varfc (1364-68), with a fine figure in 
 sandstone, executed during the lifetime of the deceased. The mo- 
 saic pavement of the ambulatory, executed after Essenwein's de- 
 signs by Villeroy & Boch at Mettlach , shows the armorial bearings 
 of the Electors. 
 
 1. The Engelbert Chapel (first to the left, N. side) contained 
 down to 1633 the remains of Archbishop Engelbert von Berg, who 
 was assassinated by Friedrich von Isenburg on the Gevelsberg near 
 Schwelm in 1225 (p. 29), but they are now preserved in a magnificent 
 silver reliquary in the treasury. The tomb of Archbishop Anton von 
 Schauenburg (d. 1561) ist worthy of notice. 
 
 2. Maternus Chapel. Tomb of Archbishop Philip von Heinsberg 
 (d. 1191) in the form of a town-wall with towers, gates, and pin- 
 nacles ; also a good statue. The altarpiece is by Barthol. de Bruyn 
 (1548). The original ground-plan of the S.W. tower of the cathedral 
 and an original view of the S. tower from the E. side , found in 
 Paris in 1816, are preserved here under glass (comp. 3rd chapel). 
 
 3. Chapel of St. John. *Tomb of Archbishop Conrad von Hoch- 
 stadeni^d. 1261), founder of the cathedral , with the figure of the 
 deceased in bronze, from the first half of the 15th cent. The Altar 
 of St. Clara, with excellent woodcarving, representing the Passion, 
 and paintings on the wings belonging to the school of the Meister 
 Wilhelm, presented by the brothers Boissere'e, is worthy of inspection. 
 Under glass in a massive oaken frame is here preserved the original 
 sketch on parchment of the W. facade of the cathedral with the two 
 towers in their completed form. Part of this interesting design was 
 found at Darmstadt in 1814, the rest at Paris in 1816. 
 
 4. Chapel of the Three Kings. Here were formerly preserved 
 the 'Bones of the Magi', or 'Three Kings', which w^ere brought by 
 the Empress Helena to Constantinople. They were afterwards taken 
 to Milan, and in 1164 presented by Frederick Barbarossa to Arch- 
 bishop Keinald von Dassel, by whom they were removed to Cologne. 
 The reliquary in which they are preserved is now in the treasury 
 (p. 34). The chapel contains a carved altar of about 1530, with 
 
 Baedeker's Rhine. 12th Edit. 3
 
 34 Route 3. COLOGNE. Cathedral. 
 
 the Adoration of the Magi helow, and a statue of the Virgin above. 
 On the S. side is the tomh of Archbishop Ernest ofBavaria(ji. 1612). 
 The other electors of the House of Bavaria repose outside this 
 chapel. The heart of Marie de Medicis (p. 44) is also buried under 
 a stone without inscription in front of the chapel. Opposite, at the 
 back of the high-altar, is the tomb of Archbishop Dietrich von Mors 
 (d. 1463), probably altered at a later date. 
 
 5. Chapel of St. Aynes, with old stained-glass windows , mucli 
 restored in parts , and mural paintings by Kleinertz, representing 
 scenes from the life of St. Irmgardis. Tn the middle of the chapel 
 is the Sarcophagus of St. Irmgardis (11th cent.), adorned with 
 Gothic arches and painted figures of saints. 
 
 6. Chapel of St. Michael. Marble tombstone of Archbishop Wa^- 
 ram of JUlich [d. 1349). Marble statue of the imperial general von 
 Hochkirchen (who fell at Landau in 1703), by the Florentine For- 
 tini. This chapel contains the celebrated * Dombild, a large winged 
 picture representing the Adoration of the Magi in the centre, St. 
 Gereon and St. Ursula on the wings , and the Annunciation on the 
 outside (formerly in the chapel of theRathhaus, p. 40). 
 
 This is doubtless the picture alluded to in Diircr's diary of his tra- 
 vels in the Low Countries, in which he mentions his paying two 'weiss- 
 pfeunige' to see the picture which '■Meister Steffen' had painted at Co- 
 logne. It was this notice that led to the conjecture that Stephan Loch- 
 i\er was the author of the painting. There is no inscription on the 
 picture itself, the supposed traces of writing being merely ornamental 
 flourishes. The picture, which is of imposing dimensions, occupies an 
 intermediate position between the ideal conceptions of mediaeval times, 
 and the modern realism introduced by the Dutch school. As the finest 
 work of the Early German School it has received great attention from 
 connoisseurs, and justly occupies an important place in the history of art. 
 
 7. Chapel of St. Stephen. Stone sarcophagus of Archbishop 
 Gero (d. 976), with a mosaic of the 10th cent., a relic of the old 
 cathedral. Tomb of Archbishop Adolf von Schauenburg (d. 1556). 
 Carved altar of the 15th cent., of inferior workmanship. 
 
 8. Chapel of the Virgin (properly speaking the last bay of the 
 outer S. aisle). The altar, which was designed by Zwirner in 1856, 
 is adorned with ^Overbeck's Assumption , purchased in 1855 for 
 900i. On the next wall-pillar is the so-called Madonna of Milan, 
 a German work of the 14th century. — Near the altar is the *Mo- 
 nument of AxcMtisho-p Frederick of Saarwerden (d. 1414), consisting 
 of a figure of the archbishop in bronze on a sarcophagus admirably 
 decorated with figures of saints, the whole restored in 1847. — 
 Tombstone of Archbishop Reinald von Dassel (d. 1107; see p. 33), 
 upon which the marble statue of Archbishop Wilhelm von Gennep 
 (d. 1362) was placed in 1842. Opposite is the sarcophagus of Count 
 Gottfried von Arnsberg (d. 1368). — The Stained Glass of this 
 chapel, executed at Cologne in 1857 , represents scenes from the 
 life of the Virgin, copied from ancient mural paintings discovered 
 in 1842 during the restoration of the choir. 
 
 The Treasury (entrance from the N. ambulatory) contains the
 
 Museum. COLOGNE. 3, Route. 35 
 
 golden Reliquary of the Magi, a costly specimen of Romanesque work- 
 manship, probably executed in the years 1190-1200. It was seriously 
 injured in 1794, when carried away for concealment from the French, 
 but was restored in ISO?. The Adoration of the Magi, a bronze relief of 
 1516. The silver Shrine of St. Enyelbert, in the style of the Renaissance, 
 dates from 1G33. There are also several valuable Monstrances^ including one 
 of the 14th cent. , another of the 17th cent, 19V'2 lbs. in weight , and 
 thickly set with precious stones, and a third presented in 1848 by Pope 
 Pius IX. Processional Cross of the 12th century. An '■Osculum Pacis\ of 
 the 16th cent, richly decorated with enamels, pearls, and precious 
 stones; Sword of Justice \ sacerdotal vestments; ten admirably-carved 
 ivory tablets by Jlelchior Paulus (1703-1733) . with scenes from _ the 
 Passion, etc. — The Sacristi/ contains a fine ciborium and old stained 
 glass (14th cent.). — In the Cathedral Library are the Hildebold Codices, 
 returned from Darmstadt in 1868. 
 
 The visitor should not omit to walk round the ''Inner Gallery of the 
 Choir and those on the Exterior of the Choir, or to ascend the Central or one 
 of the W. Towers (ascent from the outside, on the E. side of the S. transept ; 
 cards of admission 1 J(), as a better idea may thus be formed of the 
 grandeur of the structure. The external gallery, or better still the open 
 gallery of the central tower, commands an extensive *View over the sea of 
 houses, the plain intersected by the Rhine, and the Seven 31 ts. in the distance. 
 
 In the garden on the terrace behind the choir are some architectural 
 fragments , discarded in the process of restoration , which will serve to 
 convey some idea of the colossal proportions of the ediiice. 
 
 The Archiepiscopal Museum (PI. E, 4; adm. in summer daily, 
 9-1 and 3-6 ; in winter on Wed., Sun., and holidays, 10-1 ; fee 
 oO pf.l, opposite the S. gate of the cathedral, is established in a 
 chapel, formerly belonging to the Archiepiscopal Palace and re-erect- 
 ed in 1665. It contains a collection of ecclesiastical and other objects 
 of mediaeval art, of which the most valuable is a *Virgin belonging 
 to the Priests' Seminary, probably by Meister Stephan (p. 28). 
 
 The Iron Bridge (PI. F, 5, 6), which crosses the Rhine to the 
 E. of the cathedral (completed in 1859), is broad enough for a 
 double line of rails and a separate roadway for ordinary traffic. It 
 is 453 yds. long, and 47 ft. above the average level of the water. 
 Over the entrance on the left (Cologne) bank is an Equestrian Statue 
 of Frederick William IV., in bronze, by Blaser, on the right bank an 
 ^Equestrian Statue of William I. by Drake , both erected in 1867. 
 The approach to the bridge on the left bank affords a good survey of 
 the choir of the cathedral. — Deutz, on the right bank, see p. 49. 
 
 In an open space a little to the S.W. of the cathedral rises the 
 municipal *Museuin {^•Wallraf-Richartz-Museum' ; PI. E, 4), built 
 in the English Gothic style by Felten in 1855-61, the funds (about 
 30,000^) having been presented by Herr Ptichartz, a wealthy mer- 
 chant (d. 1861). The central building faces the N., while at the back 
 are two wings, including the handsome late-Gothic cloisters of the 
 Church of the Minorites (p. 39). The nucleus of the collections of 
 pictures and antiquities is formed by those bequeathed by Professor 
 Wallraf (d. 1828) to his native town. The statues which adorn the 
 building externally, by Blaser, Fuchs, Mohr, and Werres, represent 
 characters of distinction in the annals of the city. The museum is 
 open on week-days, in summer 9-6, in winter 9-4, admission 75 pf. 
 
 3*
 
 36 Route 3. COLOGNE. Museum. 
 
 (Wed. gratis); on Sun. and holidays, 9-1 (in -winter 10-1), gratis; 
 closed on Easter Day, Whit-sunday, and Christmas Day. Catalogue 
 of pictures 50 pf., of Roman antiquities 75 pf. 
 
 Ground Floor and Cloisters. Entrance-hall, on the right and left of 
 the staircase, marble busts of Wallraf and Richartz, by Bldser. — To 
 the right we first enter a Hall , in which casts of Italian sculptures of 
 the 14-16th cent, are exhibited, including Slichael Angelo's Pieta and 
 (opposite) Moses, and works by Doiiatello, Mino da Fiesole, the Delia 
 Robbia, etc. — The other rooms of the W. wing contain a collection of 
 casts from antique and modern works. To the left we obtain a view from 
 above of the Roman mosaic pavement in the cloisters. — We next enter 
 a Saloon containing Roman Antiquities: statuettes, busts, masks (some of 
 them spurious). *1. Colossal marble head of a 3Iedusa found at Rome; 
 4. Epicurus; 9. Scipio Africanus; 21. Julius Csesar; then, a cabinet with 
 Peruvian antiquities. 
 
 The Upper Cloisters contain, in the N. Wing (left), Roman antiquities 
 found at Cologne: pottery; lamps; glasses; utensils and Hgures in bronze; 
 carvings in ivory, amber, etc.; gems; between the pillars, marble busts. 
 — E. Wing: casts from the antique. — S.Wing: modern glass-paintings 
 and sculptures (bequeathed by the brothers Boisseree in If^Sl). — W.Wing: 
 German, Flemish, and French sculptures (15-i7th cent.) : Remains of the 
 marble figures from the old high-altar of the cathedral (1350); two painted 
 figures of angels, school of Riemenschneider ; large carved altar with scenes 
 from the Passion, school of Calcar (about 1520); * Virgin and Child, 
 French work of 1300; altars and tabernacles from S. Germany; carvings 
 from Flemish and Rhenish altars, etc. — The Lo^n-ER Cloisters contain 
 Roman and mediaeval stone-monuments. Also Mosaic Pavements^ one of 
 which of considerable size, the 'Mosaic of the Sages' (No. 30) found during 
 the construction of the new hospital, bears portraits of Diogenes, So- 
 crates, Aristotle, Chilon, Plato, Cleobulus, and Sophocles; it consists in 
 part of small squares of glass, and probably dates from the fourth century. 
 No. 188. Remains of a wall, painted al fresco; *193. Sarcophagus, found 
 at Cologne, with reliefs of Hercules liberating Hesione, Hercules stealing 
 the Delphic tripod, Theseus and the Minotaur, and two dancing-girls; 
 198. Metrical inscription from the grave of a boy; Votive stones to 3Ier- 
 curius Cissonius (10), and Semele 'et ejus sororibus' (25); 1. Altar of 
 Jupiter Saxanus, found in the Brohl Valley (p. 94) , and erected by the 
 Roman soldiers working in the quarries there; a hovering form with a 
 smaller figure on the shoulder, recently discovered. Marble head of 
 Athena, a replica of the Parthenos at Athens. 
 
 To the left on the ground-floor is a rc)om containing the model of the 
 monument of Frederick William III. (p. 42). The adjoining rooms contain 
 the permanent exhibition of the Cologne Kunst-Verein (Art Union). 
 
 The Staircase is adorned with 'Frescoes by Steinle, illustrative of 
 the history of art and civilisation at Cologne. The scenes begin with the 
 picture to the left as we look back from the topmost landing of the stair. 
 1. Roman and Romanesque Period: Constantine the Great (324-337) on 
 his throne, surrounded by warriors, artists, and others, some of whom 
 hold in their hands plans of the emperor's buildings at Treves and 
 of his bridge at Cologne; on the other side, Charlemagne (716-814), also 
 enthroned, with his retinue, including Eginhard, Alcuin, and Paulus 
 Diaconus. Between the two emperors is St. Helena with her attendants. 
 In the corner adjoining Charlemagne are the most famous archbishops 
 of Cologne: St. Hildebold (d. 819) with the model of the old cathedral, St. 
 Bruno (d. 965) with the church of St. Pantaleon , Heribert (d. 1021) with 
 the church of the Apostles , and Anno (d. 1075) with the church of St. 
 Gereon. Next to these is the Franconian queen Plectrudis (8th cent.) 
 with the plan of St. Maria im Capitol. Below , in the adjoining scenes, 
 is the legend of Cologne: St. Matemus, the first bishop, baptising con- 
 verts in the Rhine, St. Gereon with his companions, St. Ursula and her 
 virgin followers, and St. Hermann Joseph in St. Maria im Capitol. — 
 Opposite, on the wall to the right, is — 2. The Mediaeval Period: in the
 
 Museum. COLOGNE. 3. Route. 37 
 
 centre Albertus Slagnus , the learned theologian of Cologne, with his pu- 
 pils, including Thomas Aquinas and Duns Scotus; beyond these are 
 mystics, humanists, and artists. On the other side, to the ritrht of Albertus, 
 is Conrad of Hochstaden (p. 27), to whom the architect of the cathedral sub- 
 mits a plan of the edifice ; farther on, Meister Wilhelm of Cologne and Meister 
 Stephan; then the two burgomasters welcoming a vessel of the Hanseatic 
 League. In the subordinate scenes , the popular Festival of St. John 
 (p. 42), the arrival of the relics of the Magi, a tournament, and the 
 industrial activity of Cologne. — On the central wall, to the left of the 
 door : 3. Renaissance and Modern Period : to the left, Rubens receiving the 
 order for the altarpiece of St. Peter's church (p. 44); Winckelmann 
 studying the Laocoon-, in the centre the brothers Boisseree (p. 29) and 
 Friedrich von Schlegel ; to the right, Wallraf and Richartz, the founders of 
 the museum. Below, the Carnival of Cologne. — To the right of the door : 
 4. Continuation of the Cathedral: completion of the S. portal in presence of 
 Frederick William IV. , the architect Zwirner , and the archbishop Jo- 
 hannes V. Geissel. — Above the central entrance door, in the upper part 
 of the staircase , are the armorial bearings of Cologne, with Marsilius, 
 the hero of Cologne, and Agrippina, the Roman empress. — From the 
 highest landing we enter the rooms of the — 
 
 Upper Floor. In a straight direction is the Antechamber: right, *982 a. 
 Camphausen, King William saluted by his troops after the battle of Sedan, 
 with Bismarck, Moltke, and Roon among his retinue; left, 955. Simon Meis- 
 ter, Fred. William IV. on horseback; "Lenbach, Portrait of Bismarck, — 
 Busts of Michael Angelo by G. Mohr , Rubens by Fr. Meynen, Wolfgang 
 Miiller by Hofmeister, the brothers Boisseree and Alex, von Humboldt 
 by Ranch, and Simrock by Roh. Cauer. Portraits of Goethe by Robe and 
 Kolle, and of Zwirner, the architect (p. 29), by Correns. 
 
 Rooms to the Right of the antechamber. Collection of Modern Paint- 
 ings. Room I. 'Gvtfav Richter, Queen Louisa of Prussia, painted in 1879 
 and presented to the I^Iuseum by Herr Joest; 997d. Smith- ffald, Fishermen's 
 return: 970c. Theod. Mintrop, '^^laiwcin\ with genii i 981. W. Camphausen, 
 Prince Eugene at the battle of Belgrade; '962. Leasing^ Monastery yard in 
 winter: 995h. Gronevald, Scene from 'Wieland the Smith'; Deiker, Hunt; 
 VoUz., Cattle. Marble bust of Empress Augusta, by Roemer. — Corner 
 Room. 997 f. A. von Werner., Fieldmarshal Moltke ; A.Achenbach, 971c. Mill 
 in a wood, 971b. Fish-market at Amsterdam; 9S4b. C. L. F. Becker, Hutten 
 crowned with laurels; *995bb. C. Giinther., Theologians disputing; 963e. 
 Schetireji, Forest landscape; 956. Sim. Meisier, Combat of lions. — Room III., 
 the principal saloon of the modern masters, E. of the staircase. 974. J. 
 Schrader, Cromwell at the sick-bed of his daughter; 979b. Ed. Hildehrandt, 
 Landscape; 971a. A. Achenbach. Starting of a tug-steamer; 990a. E. Leon- 
 hardi, Blountain landscape; 994 e. Defregger., Wrestling- match; 996a. G. 
 Oeder, Autumn in the woods; 963. Lessing. Landscape; 989a. Gude., Sea- 
 piece; 952a. C. Rott7nann, Cefalii ; 989. Plockhorst. Abraham borne to heaven 
 by angels; 972. Zimmermann. Scouring day; 995 f. Boehm, Fishing; 990. 
 C. Piloti/, Galileo in prison; 995d. A. Liezen-Mayer, Queen Elizabeth of Eng- 
 land signing the death-warrant of Mary, Queen of Scots; 994 a. StUckelberg, 
 The rustic Romeo and Juliet Tfrom a tale by Keller); 994c. Erdmann, 
 Artists at the court of Frederick II. at Sanssouci; 966. Bendemann., Exiled 
 Jews; 980. Boltcher. Summer-night on the Rhine; 959. Schirmer, Italian 
 landscape; 963d. Kohler ., Miriam's song of praise after the passage of the 
 Red Sea bv the Israelites; 995. Schwerdgeburth. Promenaders outside the 
 gate; 992. 'FaM^eer. Funeral-feast; 995c. Roybet, Sportsmen; 991. 0. Achen- 
 bach. Castel Gandolfo ; 971. Fay., Samson and Delilah; 99ib. Kray., Undine; 
 977. Ritter, Midshipman's sermon; 980a. W. Wider, Tombola players in 
 Trastevere (Rome). 
 
 The Vestibule of the Eearly Cologne Rooms contains remains of the 
 mural paintings from the Hansa-Saal of the Rathhaus, ascribed to Meister 
 Wilhelm von Koln fp. 28), representing the nine good heroes. 
 
 The three following rooms contain pictures of the Early Cologne 
 School, of which an excellent survey may here be obtained. These 
 works, Ihough of great histf^rical interest, will probably aflford little
 
 38 Route 3. COLOGNE. Museum. 
 
 satisfaction to the visitor who regards iho collection from an aesthetic 
 point of view only. The names of the painters are, except one, entirely 
 unknown; they are named after the sulijects of their principal works. 
 The chronological order begins with the last room (III), to reac'i which 
 we cross rooms I. and II. — Eoom III. Gothic Period (1320-1350): 30. 
 Triptych, Crucifixion (about 1320); 31, 32. SS. John and Paul; 33, 34. 
 Annunciation and Presentation in the Temple. — Meister Wiliielm (about 
 1880) : *Triptych , the Virgin with a bean-blossom in her hand and the 
 Infant Christ "on her right arm ; on the left St. C ttherine. on the right 
 St. Barbara. School of Meister Wilhelm : 68, 69. Crucifixion; 78, 79. An- 
 nunciation. — Meister Stephan Lochner (about 1430) : *3Iadnnna in an 
 arbour of ro^ies; *121. Last Judgment (school -piece, several parts of 
 which are at Frankfort and Munich). — Room II. Cologne Masters of the 
 loth and the early part of the 16th cent. M.\ster of the Altar of Mary 
 (so called from a series of pictures at Munich): *lo9. Descent from the 
 Cross (1480); 164. Christ on the Cross (school-piece). By this master or 
 a predecessor: '165. Crucifixion, with SS. Jlary^ John, and Mary Magdalen. 
 
 — Master of the Ltversberg Passion : *151-loS. The Lyversberg Passion, 
 a series of 8 pictures on a gold ground (about 1500; formerly belonging 
 to the Lyversberg family). — Master of the Olorification of 3Iart : 
 *182. Glorification of the Virgin, a crowded picture, to which perhaps 
 belong the win£S 1!)7 and 198. — JIaster of St. Severin (about 15U0) : 
 *183. Virgin and Saints; 184. The Last Judgment; — *195. Adoration of 
 the Magi. — Master of the Holt Relationship : -199. Triptych, Mystical 
 marriage of St. Catherine with the Infant Christ : on the wings, inside 
 SS. Rochus.and Gudula, outside SS. Achatius and Ceecilia. — Master of 
 the Altar of St. Thomas: '"205. 'Altar of St. Thomas', a triptych: in the 
 centre Chri.st appearing to the doubting Thomas; inside the wings, the 
 Madonna with vSt. John, and St. Hippolytus with St. Afra; outside, in 
 grisaille, St. Symphorosa with her seven sons, and St. Felicitas with her 
 seven sons. 2()6. Altar of the Holy Cross, a triptych; in the centre Christ 
 on the Cross, on the wings John the Baptist and St. Agnes. 206a. Virgin 
 and Child. — Room III. Master of the Death of Mart: '207. Death of 
 Mary, with the Donors (m the wings. 
 
 Rooms to the Left. Rooji I. Works of the Early German School (of 
 little importance): 522. .4. Z>«re7*. Piper and drummer. On stands, a series 
 of admirable water-colours by Caspar Scheuren (Xos. 1003-1028), illustrat- 
 ing the scenery, traditions, history, and monuments of the province of 
 the Rhine. — Room II. Netherlandish School. To the right of the en- 
 trance: 638a, 638b. Jansion van Eetilen, Portraits; 658a. G. van den Eeck- 
 hout., Ahasuerus, Esther and Haman; 908a. jf. J//pnard, Portrait ; 675b. J. 
 V. Suysum, Flowers; 458b. Karel Dujardin, Landscape with accessories; 
 643a. Be Heem. Still-life; 653b. Terhurg, Portrait; 901. Ph. de Champaigne, 
 Portrait of Jabach ; 618. F. P. Rubens., Holy Family (probably by pupils); 
 624. A. van Dyck (V). Portrait of .labach, the wealthv patron of art; 632. 
 G. ffonthorst, Holy Family; 660a. G. Schalcken, Portrait; 634a, b. /. Jor- 
 daens , Portraits of the merchant Wirtz and his wife; *6L7. Rubens, 
 St. Francis receiving the stigmata; 649. Jan Li evens, Portrait; 811aa. Paris 
 Bordone, Bathsheba; 657a. J. van Rupsdael, Waterfall; 654b. /. van der 
 Meer, Landscape; 641a. J.v.d. Gapelle, Sea-piece; 652c. Jac. Gerriiz Cuyp, 
 Portrait; 941. J. L. David (d. 1824), Pericles by the corpse of his sonParalus; 
 ^^.Jac.Jordaens, Prometheus; O. van den Eeckhout, Esther and Haman. — 
 Room III. Italian Schools: 800a. Giac. Francia, Madonna and saints; 
 801. Innocenzo da Imola, Madonna; 802. Giac. Francia, St. Andrew; 730. 
 Tiberio d^Assisi. Madonnt and saints; 730f. Domenico Ghii-landajo^ Madonna 
 enthroned; "800. Francesco Francia^ Madonna and Child, an admirable work 
 presented by Koisseree; 730e. Giac. Francia, Chastity. — The following 
 room cnntains numerous mediocre works by Italian and French masters. 
 
 — To the left of Room III. are 3 Cabinets containing paintings and en- 
 gravings ; in the 3rd, the Oppenheim Collection (bequeathed in 1889) com- 
 prising: 1092. Becker, Mandolinata; 1100. G. Max, Female head; 1104. 
 hefregger, Girl's head; also Fritz Nevhaus, King Fred. William I. of 
 Prussia meeting with exiled Salzburg Protestants.
 
 Hoch-Strmse. COLOGNE. 3. Route. 39 
 
 The former deaf and duml) asylum, opposite the N. side of the 
 Museum, has been occupied since 1888 by the Museum of Indus- 
 trial Art (PI, E, F, 4; open on -week-days, 10-4, in winter 10-3, 
 and on Sun., 9-1 ; adm. Sun. and Wed. free, on other daysoO pf.). 
 
 The nucleus, of the collection was formed by the objects formerly 
 exhibited in the Municipal Museum, and was judiciously increased by the 
 purchases of the Industrial Art Society. On the ground-floor are furni- 
 ture of the 15-iSth cent., chests, beautiful mediftval carvings in ivory, 
 specimens of hook-binding, carpets, etc. On the first floor are specimens 
 of Ehenish pottery, glass, fayence, and articles in enamel, iron, silver, 
 and bronze. The windows are tilled with good antique stained glass. 
 
 Several Private Collections in Cologne are of considerable interest and 
 value. Among these are the Collections of Baron Alb. v. Oppenheim, 
 Burgomaster Thewalf, and Dean Schniltgen, to which connoisseurs are usually 
 admitted on previous application. 
 
 Adjoining the S. side of the Municipal Museum is the Church of the 
 Minorites (PI. E, 4), an eaxly-Gothic building of simple but handsome 
 proportions, probably commenced in 1220, but not completed till forty 
 years later, and recently restored at the cost of Herr Richartz (p. 35). 
 It is 65yds. in length; the nave is 67ft. high and 24yds. broad. 
 The large window above the portal in the principal facade and the 
 elegant spire (of last century), restored in the style of the original, 
 are specially striking. The fine sacristy has a round pillar in the 
 centre. The church contains the (modern) tombstone of the celebrated 
 theological disputant Duns Scotus (d. 1309), in the ambulatory at 
 the back of the high-altar, with the inscription : Scotia me genuity 
 Anglia me suscepit, Gallia me docuit, Colonia me tenet. 
 
 In an opeii space in the Comudien-Str. is the Oberlandesgericht 
 (PI. E, F, 3), or court of justice for the Prussian province of the 
 Rhine. The imposing new N. fai^ade was completed in 1886; the 
 S. wing is not yet finished. — Farther on, in the Zeughaus-Str., on 
 the left, is the Arsenal, with the Guard-House, erected in 1601 ; on 
 the right are the palatial Government Buildings (PI. F, 3), erected 
 in 1830. Farther to the W., in the same direction, at the corner of 
 the Apern-Str., is the so-called lidmerthurm (PI. F, 3), an ancient 
 round tower inlaid with stones of different colour. It once formed an 
 angle of the ancient Roman town , considerable fragments of the 
 walls of which still exist in the vicinity (on the 'Burgmauer'), and 
 is undoubtedly to a height of about 5 ft. of Roman origin. — The 
 Steinfeldergasse leads hence to St. Gereons, see p. 45. 
 
 The Synagogue (PI. E, 4), in the Glockengasse , built in 1859- 
 61 in the Moorish style, from designs by Zwirner, is covered witli 
 a handsome gilded dome. — Farther up the same street is the Thea- 
 tre, designed by Rascbdorff, and completed in 1872. 
 
 Between the cathedral and the Museum , at the small Wallrafs- 
 Platz , begins the Hoch-Strasse (PI. E, D, 4) , the busiest street 
 in Cologne, which with its prolongations (Marzellen-Str. and Eigel- 
 stein to the N., Hochpforte and Severins-Str. to the S.) intersects the 
 whole city from N. to S. To the right, near the centre of the street,
 
 40 Route 3. COLOGNE. Bathhaus. 
 
 is the Kdniyin-Auyusta-Halle, or Passage (Cafe, p. 24), an arcade 
 with shops. 
 
 Between the Hoch-Strasse and the Rhine are situated several 
 important buildings, not far from each other. 
 
 The*Kathhaus (PL E, 4, 5), an interesting structure, huilt in dif- 
 ferent centuries and recently restored , stands on the substructions 
 of a Roman stronghold (probably the Pr<etorium), of the arches of 
 which some remains are still visible in the cellar. The oldest part 
 of the present building (14th cent.) is the central portion (with the 
 Hansa-Saal), looking towards the Rathhaus-Platz. In 1569-71 an 
 elegant ^Portico in the Renaissance style was built in front of this, 
 from the plans of Wilhelm Vernickel (whose designs , along with 
 those of his competitors, are still preserved in the municipal ar- 
 chives), bearing long Latin inscriptions and reliefs alluding to the 
 tradition of Burgomaster Gryn's fight with the lion (see below). The 
 handsome, five-storied Rathhausthurm, formerly adorned with num- 
 erous statuettes, was built in 1407-14, from the proceeds of the 
 fines imposed upon noble families in 1396. — The E. portions of 
 the structure, facing the Altenmarkt, were erected in 1549-50 ; the 
 facade, richly ornamented with reliefs and statues, was altered in 
 1591, but restored by Raschdorfif in the original style in 1870. 
 
 The Lowenhof, built by Lorenz in 1540 in the Renaissance style, then 
 newly introduced into Germany, is so named in reference to the tradition 
 (above alluded to) that Archbishop Engelbert sought the life of Burgo- 
 master Gryu, and threw the obnoxious citizen into a lion's den in his palace, 
 from which, however, his intended victim contrived to escape unhurt. 
 
 The 'Hansa-Saal, or Hanseatic Hall (30 yds. long, 8 yds. wide, 32 ft. 
 high), on the first floor of the Rathhaus, recently restored, is said to be 
 that in which the first general meeting of the League took place on 19th 
 Nov., 1367. The S. wall is entirely occupied by nine rich canopies, with 
 large figures vigorously executed in stone, representing heathen, Jewish, and 
 Christian heroes (Hector, Alexander the Great, Csesar; Joshua, David, Judas 
 Maccabseus; Charlemagne, King Arthur, Godfrey de Bouillon); above 
 these , but smaller , Charles IV. , who fortified the town and presented it 
 with the privileges of a market, as the figures on the right and left indicate. 
 In the windows are the armorial bearings of the different imperial fami- 
 lies of Germany, on the long wall those of forty-five patrician families of 
 Cologne, on the ceiling those of the burgomasters of Cologne, from 1346 
 •to the downfall of the independence of the city. The two upper series 
 are the arms of the twenty-two guilds. — The principal apartment of the 
 portion of the Rathhaus which was erected in 1550 (towards the Alten- 
 markt) is the room called the ^MuscheV (shell), decorated in 1761. The 
 Tapest)'!/, with which it is adorned, was executed by Vos from drawings by 
 Wouverman, and was purchased by the Town Council from the heirs of 
 Elector Clement Augustus. — The former Eat/is-Saal is in the tower. The 
 fine carved door was executed by Melchior Reidt in 1603 •, to the same 
 period belong the stucco ceiling , ornamented with medallions of the 
 emperors, and the door of the committee-room, transferred hither from 
 the Arsenal. 
 
 In the Rathhaus-Platz, opposite the Rathhaus, to the left, is the 
 late-Gothic Chapel of the Rathhaus (now used by an Old Catholic 
 congregation) , which formerly contained the Dombild (p. 34), and 
 was consecrated in 1426. The spire is of graceful proportions; the 
 sacristy dates from 1474. To the right is an edifice known as the
 
 Giirzenich. COLOGNE. 3. Route. 41 
 
 Spanish Building, erected in the first half of the 17th cent, after 
 Flemish models, and restored in 1886; it now contains the valuable 
 municipal archives. — The handsome new Civic Library, in the 
 Portalsgasse , was erected by Hr. Weyer in the style of the Re- 
 naissance. Opposite are the new municipal offices for the relief of 
 the poor. — A bronze Statue of Field- Marshal Moltke (Pl.M; E, 4), 
 by Schaper, was erected in the adjacent Laurenz-Platz in 1881. 
 
 In the Altenmarkt (PI. E, 5) is a monumental Fountain, in the 
 German Renaissance style , after a design by Albermann (1885 ). 
 The chief figure is a statue of Johann von Werth (d. 1651 ; p. 14), 
 a famous cavalry general in the Thirty Years' War; the figures of 
 a peasant and maiden at the sides refer to the tradition that he 
 became a soldier on account of a love-disappointment. 
 
 The old Irish Church ('Schottenkirche') of *Gross St. Martin 
 (PI. E, 5), formerly situated on an island in the Rhine , dates ori- 
 ginally from the Merovingian period. The existing church, built 
 by Abbot Adelhard, after the repeated destruction of previous edi- 
 fices, was consecrated by Archbishop Philip in 1172. The massive 
 E. portion, with its imposing tower (270 ft. high) surrounded by 
 four corner-turrets, seems to have been constructed in the 13th 
 century, and was restored in 1437 and 1454-99. (The S W. corner- 
 turret fell in 1526, and was not restored till 1870.) Before the 
 handsome, pointed W. portal stood a porch covered with groined 
 vaulting, probably dating from the 14th century, one half of which 
 was removed at the last restoration. 
 
 The IxTEKioR (visitors admitted daily except Sun. and Confession 
 Days, 10-1 and after 2; fee 50 pf. each) has been restored and decorated 
 from the designs of Essenwein. In the corner to the left of the entrance 
 is a marble font, adorned with lions' heads and foliage, said to have been 
 presented by Pope Leo III. in 803. On the upper side-altars are six modern 
 slatues of Saints, by Hoffmann of Rome. The IN^. aisle contains a fine 
 Descent from the Cross, by Du Boix. and Christ before Annas, by Honthorst. 
 Fine modern tiled pavement, made at Mettlach. 
 
 To the S. of the Rathhaus is the *Gurzenich (PI. E, 4), with its 
 pinnacles and turrets, built in 1441-52 at a cost of 80,000 florins, 
 to serve as a 'Herren Tanzhaus' and banquet-saloon on occasions 
 when the Town Council desired to entertain distinguished guests 
 with a magnificence worthy of the city. Besides the 'Giirzenich' 
 property the Council purchased several other pieces of ground to 
 form a site for this imposing building. The architect was Johann 
 vonBiiren. The first grand festival was held here in 1475 in honour 
 of Emperor Frederick III. Other festivals took place in 1486, 1505, 
 1521, and on several occasions in the 16th century. In the 17th 
 and 18th centuries the large saloon fell into decay, and was used as 
 a magazine till 1857, when, after undergoing a thorough renovation 
 at the hands of Jul. Raschdorff, it was restored to its original uses. 
 This is the finest of the ancient secular edifices of Cologne. 
 
 Above the E. gateways are statues of Agrippa and Marsilius, the 
 founder and the defender of Cologne in the Roman period, executed by Mohr,
 
 42 Route 3. COLOGNE. St. Maria im Capitol. 
 
 painted by Kleinertz in the ancient style, and erected in 1859 in place of 
 the old ones, which had become injured by exposure to the weather. 
 
 Interior (adm. 50 pf.). On the ground-floor is the former magazine, 
 converted by Herr Weyer in 1875 into a fine Exchange Hall. The hand- 
 some Staircase, built in 1891-92, is to be decorated with frescoes. — On 
 first floor is the spacious *Fest-Saal (58 yds. long, 24 broad l, borne by the 
 twenty-two richly carved wooden columns, with a gallery. The modern 
 stained-glass windows represent the armorial bearings of Jiilich , Cleve, 
 Berg, and 3Iark , the mediaeval allies of Cologne, with St. Peter as the 
 patron saint of the city, two Imperial eagles, the arms of Cologne itself, 
 those of six burgomasters of the period when the building was first erected, 
 and those of the twenty-two guilds. The two large Chimney Pieces of the 
 15th century , richly carved with scenes from the early history of the 
 town, are worthy of inspection. The walls are adorned with a fine repre- 
 sentation of the Procession on the completion of the Cathedral in 1880, 
 by Camphausen ^ the two Roebers^ Beckmann, and Bauer. — The Ante- 
 cuAMBEK ('Kleine Giirzenich' or 'Isabellen-Saar) is adorned with mural 
 paintings by Schmitz, representing the entry of the Empress Isabella, the 
 legend of the Cologne wood-cutting expedition (viz. that Marsilius saved 
 the town from a beleaguering enemy by sending out armed women against 
 them on the pretext of felling wood), and the Festival of St. John (a sym- 
 bolical washing away of the evil of the year in the Rhine, mentioned 
 by Petrarch, who visited Cologne in 1333). — Concerts, see p. 25. 
 
 In the Heumarkt (P1.D,E, 5), to the E. of the Giirzenich, rises 
 the Monument of Frederick William III., erected in 1878 by 
 the inhabitants of the Rhenish provinces. It consists of a colos- 
 sal equestrian statue of the king on a lofty pedestal, surround- 
 ed by statues of the principal statesmen and warriors who co- 
 operated with him in raising Prussia to the rank of a first- 
 class power and in freeing the Rhenish provinces from French 
 domination (Bliicher, Stein, Arndt, Humboldt, etc.). The reliefs 
 on the sides indicate the progress of the Rhenish provinces in 
 science, art, commerce, and manufactures. The chief figures and 
 the statues on one side are by Bldser (1813-1874), those at the 
 front and back by Drake , the rest by Schweinitz , Tondeur, and 
 Buchting. The pedestal was designed by Schievelbein (d. 1867). — 
 Turning to the right at the S. end of the Heumarkt, we reach — 
 
 The Church of *St. Maria im Capitol (^Zint Marjen in local speech ; 
 PI. D,4), consecrated in 1049 by Pope Leo IX., a cruciform edifice 
 in the Romanesque style, constructed on an imposing and somewhat 
 peculiar plan. The choir and transept (apparently of the 12th 
 century) terminate in semicircular apses with an ambulatory 
 round each, and impart to the end of the building the trefoil shape, 
 of which this is the earliest example at Cologne. The vaulting of 
 the nave dates from 1250. The church owes its name to the tradi- 
 tion that this site was once occupied by the Roman Capitol , which 
 was succeeded by the palace of the Franconian kings. The original 
 edifice, of which no remains exist, is said to have been built by 
 Plectrudis, wife of Pepin of Heristal, and mother of CharlesMartel. 
 
 The * Interior has been decorated with modern frescoes , begun by 
 Steinle (paintings in the apse) and E. Gatzke, and completed by Goebbels 
 under the superintendence of Essenwein of Nuremberg. Several of these 
 are in the old Romanesque style, and therefore somewhat unpleasing to 
 modern taste. The figures are from drawings by Klein of Vienna. — In
 
 St. Sever in. 
 
 COLOGNE. 
 
 3. Route. 43 
 
 ihe W. vestibule and under the organ-loft are some tomb-stones belong- 
 ing to the Merovingian and Carlovingian periods. The door which leads 
 into the apse of the X. 
 transept, decorated with 
 very prominent reliefs, 
 dates from the foundation 
 of the church. The S. 
 (Hardenrath's) chapel (of 
 1465) contains pictures of 
 the School ofMeistev Sie- 
 phan, and fine stained 
 glass. The richly sculp- 
 tured organ-loft (origin- 
 ally a screen) of 1523, the 
 font of 1594, and a late- 
 Romanesque portable al- 
 tar are well worthy of in- 
 spection. — The fine 
 Crypt, with its nave and 
 aisles, its quadrangular 
 chapels, and its side- 
 chambers , corresponds 
 with the form of the 
 choir. It contains the 
 tomb of Plectrudis (i2th 
 cent.), and some ancient 
 mural paintings. 
 
 Outside the N. transept of this church is the old Roman arch of 
 the Pfaffenthor, originally situated near the W. portal of the 
 cathedral; the inscription, 'C. C. A. A.', stands for 'Colonia Claudia 
 Augusta Agrippinensis'. Below these letters is the name of Gal- 
 lienus (259-268), who built the arch. 
 
 To the right, in the vicinity, Rheingasse No.^, is the Templars' 
 Lodge (PI. D, 5), a handsome Romanesque edifice, -with round- 
 arched windows, niches, and corbie-stepped gables, dating from 
 the 12th or the beginning of the 13th century. It was the family 
 residence of the 'Overstolzen', and was bought by the town in 1836 
 and judiciously restored. It is now used by the Chamber of Com- 
 merce and also contains the library of the Art-Industrial Museum. 
 
 The Protestant Trinity Church (PL D, 4, 5), in the early Chris- 
 tian basilica style, designed by Stiller, was consecrated in 1860. 
 
 St. George (PI. C, D, 4), consecrated in 1067, was originally 
 a plain columnar basilica, with a crypt of the same character (now 
 restored). The porch dates from 1536. The objects of greatest in- 
 terest are a Romanesque crucifix of wood, remains of Romanesque 
 and Gothic mural paintings and stained glass, and a tomb of 1545. 
 — Adjacent is the Friedrich-WiLhelm Gymnasium. 
 
 St. Severin's (PL B, 4), at the S. end of the old town, stands 
 upon the site of a Christian church built as early as the 4th cen- 
 tury, and has been often destroyed. The present church was con- 
 secrated in 1237 and has recently been thoroughly restored. The 
 effective quadrangular tower was erected in 1393-1411 ; the nave 
 was furnished with new vaulting in 1479; the baptismal chapel, 
 adorned with stained glass, dates from 1505.
 
 44 Route 3. COLOGNE. Apostles' Church. 
 
 The sarcophagus of St. Severin with a roof-shaped lid , the excellent 
 mountings of a door of the 12th century , a copper-gilt reading-desk in 
 the form of an eagle, the Gothic choir-stalls, and some old mural and 
 easel paintings will repay inspection. 
 
 Beside the church is a Children's Hospital ^ founded by Frau 
 von Oppenheim. — The handsome Severins-Thor [PI. A, 4) once 
 belonged to the mediaeval fortifications which have been removed 
 since the extension of the town in 1881. Hence to the Chlodwigs- 
 Platz and the new quarters of the town, see p. 47. 
 
 In the Augustiner-Platz (PI. D, 4), in front of the Casino, rises a 
 Statue of Prince Bismarck, by Schaper, unveiled in 1879. 
 
 In the Sternengasse (PI. D, 4, 3; No. 10, right side) is a hand- 
 some house in which Rubens is erroneously said to have been born 
 (comp. p. 57). The house bears an inscription and a relief above 
 the door in memory of the illustrious master ; and on the opposite 
 side is an inscription recording (correctly) that Marie de Medicis, 
 widow of Henri IV. of France, died here in exile in 1642. — The 
 house No. 23-25 Sternengasse is that of the well-known patron 
 of art, Eberhard Jabach, who died in 1636. 
 
 Following the Sternengasse, we next reach the church of St. Peter 
 (PL D, 3), of the 16th century, successfully restored in 1890-92. 
 
 Over the High Altar is the * Crucifixion of St. Peter, by Rubens, re- 
 covered from Paris in 1814. This fine picture , one of the most vigorous 
 works of the master , but repellent owing to its startling fidelity to na- 
 ture , was painted by order of the Jabach family in memory of Herr 
 Eberhard Jabach (see above). It is shown by the sexton for the some- 
 what exorbitant fee of IV2 JL Behind the altar reposes Johann Eubens, 
 the father of the painter (see p. 57). — A late-Gothic carved altar (Bear- 
 ing of the Cross, Crucifixion, Descent from the Cross), with fine pictures 
 on the wings, is exhibited for an additional fee of 75 pf. — The brazen 
 font, surmounted by an equestrian figure, dates from 1569. Beautiful 
 stained-glass windows of 1520. 
 
 The adjoining church of St. Csecilia (PL D, 3), a very an- 
 cient building, was restored as early as 930-41, and again in the 
 12th century, on which occasion parts of the edifice of the 10th cen- 
 tury appear to have been retained. It contains a curious crypt, 
 which is wrongly described as a remnant of the oldest episcopal 
 church built by St. Maternus. Good relief above the arch of the door. 
 
 Opposite is the Wolkenburg , resembling the Gurzenich , the 
 meeting-place of the Manner- Gesangverein (p. 25). 
 
 At the back of the two churches last described is situated the 
 spacious Hospital (PL D, 3), erected in 1846. It may be inspected 
 in the afternoon ; visitors , on entering their names in a book, 
 usually contribute to the funds (small fee to the attendant). 
 
 In the N.W. angle of the Nbumarkt (PI. D, E, 3), a square planted 
 with trees (military parade at noon) , the largest in the old town, 
 rises the *Apostles' Church (PL E, 2, 3), a remarkably handsome 
 basilica with aisles and double transept. Over the E. point of inter- 
 section rises a dome flanked with two slender corner-towers , and 
 over the W. intersection a square tower. The picturesque choir and 
 the arms of the E. transept end in very spacious rounded apses.
 
 St. Gereon. COLOGNE. 3. Route. 45 
 
 adorned with two series of niches and a miniature gallery above them. 
 The church, begun about the year 1200, on the site of an older 
 structure of the 11th cent., which had been burned down, was com- 
 pleted about the middle of the 13th cent, and has just been restored. 
 
 When the plague raged at Cologne in 1357, Richmodis von Lyskirch- 
 en, wife of the knight Mengis von Adocht, was attacked by the malady, 
 and having fallen into a deathlike swoon, was interred in the Apostles 
 Church. Being awakened from her trance by a thievish gravedigger in 
 his attempts to abstract her ring, she returned to the house of 
 her husband, who imagining he beheld an apparition, declared he would 
 sooner believe that his horses could ascend to the loft of his house than 
 that his departed spouse should return in propria persond. Scarcely had 
 the words escaped his lip?, says the legend, than horses' hoofs were heard 
 mounting the stairs, and their heads were speedily seen looking out of a 
 window in the upper story of the house. The lady recovered, and lived 
 for many }-ears afterwards. Two horses' heads, affixed to the upper story 
 of the house with the tower on the N. side of the Neumarkt (No. 10), are 
 said to have been placed there in commemoration of the miraculous 
 event, but they more probably formed part of the armorial bearings of 
 Nicasius von Haquenay, who built the house. 
 
 The Mauritiuskirche (PI. D, 2, 3), in the Mauritius-Steinweg, 
 built by Vincent Statz in 1861-65, is a Gothic edifice, with a 
 tower 230 ft. high ; the interior contains a 'Pietk' by Hoffmann. — 
 To the "W, of it the Arndt-Strasse leads to the Gewerbe-Schule, or in- 
 dustrial school, behind which is the Turnhalle (gymnastic hall). 
 
 The Church of St. Pantaleon (PI. C, 3; now a military church, 
 and also used by the Old Catholics) was constructed on the site of 
 an older building in 964-980. The materials for this purpose are 
 said to have been taken by Archbishop Bruno (d. 965), brother of 
 Emperor Otho the Great , from the remains of Constantine's bridge 
 (p. 27). The present building, recently restored, dates from the 
 12- 13th cent., and partly also from the 16th; but the substructure 
 of the towers, with its two-storied additions, seems to belong entirely 
 to the 10th cent. The towers were rebuilt iu 1891. Archbishop Bruno 
 and the Empress Theophano (d.999) are buried in the church. There 
 are some remains of Romanesque mural paintings in a side chapel. 
 
 On the way from the Apostles' Church to St. Gereon's we pass 
 the Roman Tower (PI. F, 3), mentioned at p. 39. 
 
 The Church of *St. Gereon (PI. F, 3), dedicated to the 318 
 martyrs of the Theban legion, with their captain Gereon, who, ac- 
 cording to the legend; perished here in 286 during the persecution 
 of the Christians under Diocletian, is an edifice of very peculiar 
 style. The long Romanesque choir is adjoined by a decagonal nave 
 in the Gothic style, with a quadrangular vestibule. The original 
 structure, circular in form, traces of the undoubted Roman origin of 
 which are still extant, is said to have been erected by the Em- 
 press Helena, mother of Constantino the Great. Archbishop Anno 
 (d. 1075) added the choir with its two square towers, and the spa- 
 cious crypt. In 1219-27 the round part of the church, having be- 
 come dilapidated, was converted into the present decagonal nave, 
 153 ft. in height, 20 yds. in length, and 18 in breadth, covered
 
 46 Route 3. 
 
 COLOGNE. 
 
 St. Cunibert. 
 
 with groined vaulting ; the ei^^ht shorter sides are adjoined by large 
 round niches. Other alterations took place in the 14th and 15th cent., 
 to which period belongs the vaulting 
 of the choir and of the vestibule. The 
 disfiguring additions of the 17th and 
 18th cent, have recently been re- 
 moved. The sacristan, who is gener- 
 ally to be found in the church (visit- 
 ors knock), lives at the Gereons- 
 drieschl7,a 'Platz' planted with trees 
 (1-2 pers. 1 c//; for more, 50 pf. 
 each"). 
 
 The Vestibule contains tomhstones 
 from the old cloisters (p. xxv) and Eo- 
 man inscriptions. 
 
 The -Interior, recently embellished 
 with paintings by Sobbels after Essen- 
 /inr ^^"'^Hi^^ 'A. ^^^^^'^ designs, presents an imposing 
 
 3 M>J/ ^2r Ty s^PP^^rance. In small chapels in the re- 
 
 I ^^t ^ wf/^.'' fi cesses of the nave, above which runs a 
 
 1 ra^ lJ\^7i "a gallery borne by small columns, are seen 
 
 a ^..A, }l 2>r5^w-^/ the stone sarcophagi of the martyrs, half 
 
 built into the walls. Their skulls are 
 arranged under gilded arabesques along 
 the sides of the Choir, to which nineteen 
 steps ascend. The handsome carved choir- 
 stalls date from the 15th century. The E. 
 end of the choir is reached by seven steps 
 more. — The Sacristy, in the purest 
 Gothic style, dating from 131G, contain- 
 ing fine Gothic stained glass , and the 
 octagonal Baptisteyy, with mural paintings of the 14th cent., are also 
 worthy of note. 
 
 The Crtpt below the choir, with its three aisles borne by eighteen 
 columns, dating principally, as already mentioned, from the 11th cent., 
 contains an interesting specimen of the art of that period: viz. a "Mo- 
 saic Pavement., the sections of which represent scenes from the lives of 
 David and Samson (not Joshua and Joseph as sometimes described), and 
 the signs of the Zodiac. It was, perhaps, executed by Italian workmen, 
 as similar scenes are very common in Italian churches. The fragments, 
 which had got into disorder, were successfully restored and supplemented 
 by the painter Avenarius in 1869-71. 
 
 About a hundred paces to the E. of the church, in theGereons- 
 Strasse , which is planted with trees, is situated the Archiepiscopal 
 Palace (PI. F, 3), in front of which rises a Column of the Virgin, 
 designed by V. Statz , and erected in 1858 to commemorate the 
 promulgation of the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception. 
 
 St. Ursula (PI. G, 4) occupies the site of a church of the 4th 
 cent., but has been much altered. Gothic portal. Tlie Gothic choir 
 lias been restored in its original shape. 
 
 The N. aisle, near the choir contains a monument, by Johann Lenz, 
 erected in 1658 to St. Ursula, an English princess, who, according to the 
 legend, when on her return from a pilgrimage to Rome, was barbarously 
 murdered at Cologne with her 11,000 virgin attendants. The figure is in 
 alabaster, with a dove at the feet. The bones of these virgin martyrs 
 are preserved in cases, placed round the church. The legend is also il-
 
 Ring-Strasse. COLOGNE. 3. Route. 47 
 
 lustrated by a series of old paintings, frequently retouched , on the wall 
 beginning to the right of the entrance. Ten old pictures of the Apos- 
 tles, to the left of the S. entrance , are painted on slabs of slate . one of 
 them bearing the date 1224. Tnder the organ , by the pillar to the left, 
 is a well-executed old Gothic sculpture . representing the bearing of the 
 Cross. The sarcophagus of a child belonging to the family of the Fran- 
 conian major-domo's is also worth inspection. — The Goldene Kammek, or 
 treasury (admission 1 Vz Ji, for 1-3 persons) contains the fine late-Romanesque 
 Reliquary of St. Ursula., several other reliquaries of the Gothic period, 
 and a carved rock-crystal chessman of the Carlovingian period. 
 
 St. Andreas (PL F, 4), with Romanesque nave of 1220 and a 
 raised Gothic choir of 1414, contains a fine brass -gilt late-Gothic 
 reliquary [the 'Reliquary of the Maccabees'), with reliefs, in which 
 the remains of Albertus Magnus (d. 1280) repose since 1859. 
 
 The Jesuits' Church (PL F, 4), erected in 1618-29, is a 
 striking example of the Renaissance style, partaking of a Gothic 
 character, peculiar to this order. The pulpit and high-altar are over- 
 laden with decoration. The bells were cast with the metal of cannons 
 taken by Tilly at Magdeburg, and presented by him to the church. 
 
 On the Rhine, near the N. end of the old town, is the church of 
 St. Cunibert (PL G, 5), an excellent example of the transition style, 
 consecrated by Archbp. Conrad in 1247, the year before he laid the 
 foundation of the cathedral, and lately restored. It is a vaulted 
 basilica with two transepts and three towers. The principal tower, 
 over the W. transept, fell in 1830, but has also been restored. 
 
 The Interior contains fine * Stained Glass (in the choir) of the 
 13th century, remains of good Romanesque mural paintings (restored by 
 Sobbeh), pictures of the school of 3Ieister Wilhelm, and sculptures of the 
 i4th and 16th centuries (relief of the Crucifixion). The choir has lately 
 been decorated with encaustic *3Iural Paintings by Welter. Fine modern 
 organ. 
 
 The new quarters of the city, which have sprung up since 
 1881 (comp. p. 27), are best visited from the Chlodwigs-Platz, to 
 the S., outside the Severins-Thor (PL A, 4; p. 44), which may be 
 reached by tramway from the Cathedral (p. 25). The most striking 
 feature in the new town is the wide and handsome *Iling-Strasse, 
 or series of boulevarc's, 31 '2 M. long, which completely encircles the 
 old town, and occupies the site of the old fortifications, purchased 
 by the corporation for 590,000i. Many of the streets have been 
 widened and laid out with flower-beds and trees, fragments of the 
 old city wall and three of the mediaeval gates are stiU extant, 
 while the modern buildings are in many cases ambitious and 
 striking edifices, so that a walk or drive in this neighbourhood is 
 of considerable interest. Near the S. end of the Ring-Strasse, on the 
 Rhine, stands the Bayenthurm (PL B. 5), a square pinnacled tower 
 of the 13-14th cent., rising conspicuously in the sight of those 
 arriving by steamboat. 
 
 From the Chlodwigs-Platz, we follow the Carolinger-Ring to 
 the Sachsen-Ring (PI. B. 4, 3). both sides of which are occupied 
 by private villas. In the middle, to the right, is the Utrepforte, a 
 mediaeval town-gate, now connected with a Cafe-Restaurant (p. 24).
 
 48 Routes. COLOGNE. Zoolog. Garden. 
 
 Farther on, on the outside of a fragment of the old city wall still 
 extant, is the Ulre Monument, with an allegorical relief of the 14th 
 cent., in memory of the victory of the citizens commanded by the 
 Overstolzen (p. 43) over 500 soldiers of Archbishop Engelbert, who 
 had stolen into the town, on 15th Oct. 1267. Several streets issuing 
 from the Sachsen-Riug to the S. W. lead to the Volksyarten (PI. A, 
 
 2, 3 ; p. 25), with pleasure-grounds, boating-lake and a Restaurant. 
 
 The Salier-Riny (PI. B, C, 2), with the Technical College, leads 
 to the Barbarossa-Platz (PI. C, 2), a square adorned with gardens 
 and a fountain. In the Hohenstaufen - limg (PI. D, C, 2) are the 
 handsome Hohenstaufen Baths (p. 25). The short Habsburger King 
 leads to the Rudolphs-Platz (P. E, 2), on the W. side of which is the 
 Panorama (p. 25). On the S. side is the second of the mediaeval 
 town-gates still extant in the Ringstrasse, the Hahnenthor (PI. E, 
 2), which has been restored and fitted up as a Medmval Museum of 
 the City of Cologne (adm. on Wed., Sun., and holidays 11-1, free; 
 on other days 10-4 (in winter 10-3), 50 pf. 
 
 Staiucase and Gkouxd-Floor: Weapons and armour. — First Floor: 
 Views of old buildings of Cologne, town-plans of various periods, por- 
 traits etc. Architectural models. — Skcond Floor: Ancient banners, 
 arm.«, and standards; headman's swords; Cologne stamps, dies and coins; 
 weights and measures. Collection of mediaeval pottery and glass. 
 
 From the Hohenzollern-Eing (PI. E, F, 2), the Venloer Strasse 
 leards to the left to the Stadt- Garten (p. 25) and the new West 
 Station (PI. F, 1). In the Kaiser- Wilhelm-IUng (PL F, 2) a monument 
 is to be erected to Emperor William I. In the Hansa-Ring (Pi. G, 
 
 3, 4), on the right, a large fragment of the old town-walls has been 
 preserved, with gardens in front of it. Farther on, the Hansa-Ring 
 is crossed by the iron arches of the railway. 
 
 The Eigelstein-Thor[P\. G,4),theN. fortified tower of the mediae- 
 val entrenchments, has been restored and is to be fitted up for natural 
 history and physical collections. The Ring-Strasse is terminated 
 by the Deutsche Ring (PI. H, 4), where building is now going on. 
 
 Issuing by the Eigelstein- Thor and then turning to the 
 right, or passing the church of St. Cunibert (p. 47), we reach the 
 ■■^Zoological Garden (admission, see p. 25 ; *Restaurant) , which 
 lies to the N. of the town, about IY4 M. from the Central Station. 
 [It may also be reached by tramway (p. 26) , or by steamboat 
 (p. 25).] Grounds well laid out, fine collection of animals (Director, 
 Dr. Wunderlich). — Adjacent is the Botanical Garden of the 
 'Flora Co.' (adm., see p. 25; *Restaurant), with a handsome con- 
 servatory (magnificent collection of variegated leaved plants) and 
 an Aquarium (Director, Herr E. Finken'). The belvedere commands 
 a good survey of Cologne and the Seven Mts. — The belvedere of 
 the Restaurant Lefevre, between the Zoological and Flora gardens, 
 is another good point of view. Kurfiirsten-Garten, see p. 25. 
 
 The extensive Cemetery, on the road to Aix-la-Chapelle, V^^^- from the 
 Hahnen-Thor (P1.E,2; tramway see p. 25.; cab for 1-4 per,?. 2 Jifj, contains 
 several fine monuments, including those of Prof. Wallraf and Ilerr Richartz
 
 GeofiT. Aast.ygn-Wagaer Al )eb&s, Leipzi°. DusseLdorf. .Opladfcrt 
 
 :i,Bru£kEnstaJipnfliv, — :Kahn.statioB.eii der Damjfsclnffe. 
 
 Eii^l.Miles
 
 ^
 
 NEUSS. 4. Route. 49 
 
 (p. 35), memorial monuments of the wars of 1866 and 1870-1871, and a 
 monument to the memory of French prisoners who died here. — About 
 3 M. to the W. of Cologne, at the village of Weiden, is an interesting 
 vaulted lioman tomb, with a sarcophagus, niches, and busts. 
 
 On the right bank of the Rhine, opposite Cologne, lies Deutz 
 (_hotel8, see p. 24; railway-station, see p. 24), the tete-de-pont 
 of Cologne , and the Roman Castellum Divitense. It existed as a 
 fortress down to 1114, after which it was repeatedly destroyed, as a 
 settlement here would have been inconsistent with the privileges of 
 Cologne. Since 1816 Deutz has been fortified by the Prussians in 
 connection with Cologne. The Roman Catholic Church (PI. E, 6) 
 contains the altar -tomb of St. Heribert, of the year 1147. The 
 Protestant Johanniskirche (PI. E, 6) was consecrated in 1861. 
 
 4. From Cologne to Neuss (Diisseldorf) , Crefeld, 
 and Cleve. 
 
 74V2 M. Railway to Cleve in 2V2-3'/4 hrs. (fares 9 v« 60, 7.20, 4.80); 
 to Dusseldor/ in l-iJ/2 hr. (fares 3 Jt 70, 2.&0, 1.90). 
 
 Cologne, see R. 3. — 2 M. Nippes; 5 M. Longerich. 
 
 9V-2 M. Worringen, the Buruncum of the Romans, and one of 
 their cavalry-stations. In a battle fought here in 1288 between the 
 citizens of Cologne and the Brabanters under the Duke of Berg on 
 one side, and the Archbishop of Cologne and the Duke of Guelders 
 on the other , the struggle between the burghers and their arch- 
 bishop was decided in favour of the former. 
 
 13 M. Dorrnagen , the Roman Durnomagus. About 2^/2 M. to 
 the E., on the Rhine, lies Zons, the Roman Sontium, a small town 
 with numerous towers, which once belonged to Cologne. The Pre- 
 monstratenaiau abbey of Knechtsteden , with a beautiful Roman- 
 esque church begun in 1138, restored after the fire of 1867, is 
 situated 3 M. to the W. 
 
 18^/4 M. Norf. To the right, farther on, is seen the railway- 
 bridge of the Neuss and Diisseldorf line in the distance (p. 53). 
 
 221/2 ^1- Neuss (Rheinischer Hop, often mentioned as a Roman 
 fortress in the annals of the Batavian war , under the name Nove- 
 sium, is one of the oldest towns in Germany. Pop. 22,600. In 1474 
 it was in vain besieged by Charles the Bold of Burgundy for forty- 
 eight weeks, and in 1586 it was conquered and treated with great se- 
 verity by Alexander Farnese. It once lay on the Rhine, from which 
 itis now 11/2^1 • distant. The '''Quirinuskirche, an interesting building 
 in the transition-style, begun in 1209 by the master Wolbero, is a 
 basilica with nave and aisles, and with towers over the transept and 
 over the W. side, which externally forms a second transept. Above 
 the aisles run galleries, and some of the windows are peculiarly 
 shaped. The niches of the W. portal are filled with statues of St, 
 Peter and St. Paul by Bayerle of Dusseldorf. The E. tower, which 
 
 Bakdeker's Rhine. 12th Edit. 4
 
 50 Route 4. CREFELD. From CoJogve 
 
 was re-erected after its destruction by lightning in 1741, is crowned 
 with a Statue of St. Quirinus, who was probably a Roman soldier. 
 The Rathhaus contains a considerable collection of Roman Antiqui- 
 ties-, the large hall is adorned with a series of historical paintings 
 by Janssen. The Railway Station, in the Renaissance style, has 
 also a handsome interior. 
 
 From Neuss to Aix-la-Chapelle and Diisseldorf, see R. 5; to Neersen- 
 Neuwerk and Rheydt, see p. 53; to Diiren, see p. 15. 
 
 A branch -line leads from Neusa by Heerdt to Ohercassel, on the 
 Rhine, opposite Diisseldorf, and connected with it by a bridge-of-boats. 
 Diisseldorf, see p. 18. 
 
 28 M. Osterath. — 321/2 M. Oppum, the junction for the line 
 to Uerdingen [Ruhrort, Buishurg ; p. 54). 
 
 34 M. Crefeld. — Hotels. Wilder Mann, an old-established house, 
 Hoch-Strasse ; Keltz, at the corner of Rhein-Str. ;ind Friedrichs-Str., 
 R., L., & A. 21/2, B. 1, D. 21/2 Jl., llERFS. Ostwall, a commercial house; 
 *CiiEFELDER HoF, Hochstrasse; 'Central Hotel, at the corner of the 
 Iluch-Str. and biidwall ; Gruner Wald, Hoch-Str. ; (jermania, at the 
 station, unpretending. — Restaurants. Liese's, Stidwall ; Briiren^s, Heiligers\ 
 Rhein-Str. ; Fmler's, Koenigs-Str. — Wine at Zahner's, Wilhelm-Str., and 
 Huntgeri's, Ostwall. — Pleasure Resorts : Stadthalle, with concert-room 
 and garden ; Thiergarten, with garden (military concerts). 
 
 Crefeld, with 105,000 inhab. (13,000 in 1830; 1/4 Protestant), 
 the seat of the chief silk and velvet manufactories in Germany, is first 
 mentioned by name in a document of 1166 and obtained municipal 
 privileges in 1373. On the extinction of the Counts of Moers in 
 1600 it came into the hands of the Princes of Nassau and Orange, 
 and in 1702 fell by inheritance to the crown of Prussia. The manu- 
 factories of Crefeld and its environs at present employ about 30,000 
 looms and produce fabrics of an annual value of about 5,000,000i., 
 vying in excellence with those of Lyons, and largely exported to 
 England and America. The Royal Textile Academy contains an 
 interesting Textile Museum (^o^en Sun., Frid., and Sat. 10-1), and 
 the rooms are decorated with frescoes by Baur referring to the silk- 
 industry. In the Rathhaus are good frescoes (the battle of Arminius) 
 by Janssen of Dusseldorf. Memorial of the Franco-German war of 
 1870-1871, by Walger. There are also monuments in honour of 
 Cornelius de Greifif, the philanthropist, and C. Wilhelm, composer 
 of the 'Wacht am Rhein'. The permanent exhibition of pictures 
 and the art-industrial collection of the Museums -Verein deserve 
 a visit. 
 
 Crefeld is the junction of the lines to Aix-la Chapelle and to Ruhrort 
 (R. 6), and of local lines to Viersen, Siichteln, etc. Steam-tramways to 
 Uerdingen (p. 54), Hiils, Fischeln, etc. 
 
 41 M. Kempen (Herriger), an ancient and formerly fortified town 
 with 5900 inhabitants. The Stiftakirche , a Gothic edifice with a 
 Romanesque tower, contains some fine sedilia (carved by Job. 
 Gruter in 1486) and choir-stalls (1493). The Castle, with its three 
 towers, which now contains the gymnasium, was built in 1380-84 
 by Friedrich III. of Saarwerden, Archbishop of Cologne. A Chapel
 
 to Cleiye. CLEVE. 4. Route. 51 
 
 not far from the town is said to have been built by Charlemagne 
 in 803. Kempen is the supposed birthplace of Thomas a Kempis 
 (b. 1380; d. 1471 atZwolle). Branch-line (14M.) to Venlo (p. 18). 
 
 — The fertile district now assumes a Dutch character. 4G M, Al- 
 dekerk; 48^/2 M. Nieukerk. 
 
 53 M. Geldern {*H6tel Holtzem), with 5600 inhab., once the 
 capital of the Duchy of Guelders, has belonged to Prussia since 1713. 
 Our line here intersects the railway from Holland (Venlo, Strnelen) 
 to Bremen and Hamburg. The train crosses the Niers. bS^J-z M. 
 Kevelaer (frequented by pilgrims); 62 M. Weeze. 
 
 66^2 -^1- Goch, an important place in the middle ages, also a 
 station on the line from Boxtel to Wesel, traversed by the express 
 trains from Berlin to Flushing [Berlin to London in 24 hrs.). 
 
 From Gocii to Wesel, 24 Vz M,, railway in V2-I lir. (fares 3 Jl, 
 2 Jl). — b M. Preussifch-Uedem. 
 
 I2V2 M. Xanten {Hdcelmanns Hotel), a town of great antiquitj', with 
 3700 inhab.. the Castra Vetera of the Romans, founded by Au<;iistu3 after 
 the defeat of Lullius (B.C. 18), whose camp was situated on the Fiirsten- 
 berg, near Bivten, '/z M. to the S. The 'Nibelungenlied' mentions Xanten 
 as the birthplace of Siegfried the dragon-slayer (p. 84). The "Collegmte 
 Church of St. Victor, erected in 1213-1522, is a gem of Gothic architecture, 
 and is adorned with paintings by J. v, Calcar, De Bruyn, and other artists. 
 The choir, separated from the nave by an elegant brazen screen, is worthy 
 of notice. The cloisters contain some interesting tombstones. 
 
 Beyond (IB'/z M.) Biiderich, also a station on the Wesel and Venlo line 
 (p. 18), the train crosses the Rhine, and reaches (247-2 M.) Wesel (p. 17). 
 
 69 M. PfaLzdorf, a large village near the Reichswald (the 
 largest forest on the Rhine), with 2500 inhab., founded by emi- 
 grants from the Palatinate [Pfalz) in 1741. 
 
 74^2 M. Cleve. — Hotels. *HoTEL .Stirum & Badhads , pena. with 
 R. 50 J( weekly; *Hotel Robbers, R., L., & A. 3, B. 1, D. 3, pens, with 
 R. 6-8 Uif, both with gardens, to the W. of the town, in the Thiergarten; 
 'Maywald (D. 3, pens. 7 UiJ), "Prinzexhof (see below; pens. 7 Jf), with 
 whey-cure, both on an eminence to the S.E. of the town, with gardens ; 
 *HoTEL LoocK, opposite the post-office; "^Hotel Holtzem, near the palace. 
 
 — Beer: Deulscher Kaiser; Caspari. — See Maj), p. 49. 
 
 Visitors' Tax, for a stay of more than a week, 5 J(; two pers. 8 Jt; 
 each additional member of a family 1 Jt. 
 
 Cleve, Dutch Kleef(j^OT^. 10,400), once the capital of the duchy of 
 that name, is beautifully situated on the slope of a wooded hill, 
 which at an early period formed the bank of the Rhine, and is 
 much frequented by Dutch families in summer. The chalybeate 
 spring is an additional attraction. 
 
 On a picturesque eminence in the town rises the Palace of the 
 former dukes , generally called the Schwanenburg (in the court- 
 yard a Roman Altar found in the neighbourhood), with the lofty 
 *Schwanenthurm (fine view), erected by Adolph I. in 1439, on the 
 site of an ancient tower supposed to have been built by Caesar. 
 The Schwanenburg is now used as a law-court and prison. The 
 legend of the 'Knight of the Swan', so widely known from Wagner's 
 opera of 'Lohengrin', is localised at Cleve, where an appropriate 
 monument has been erected in the Klein e Markt. A Statue of the 
 
 4*
 
 52 Route 4. CALCAR. 
 
 Elector John Sigismund (d. 1619) by Bayerle, erected near the 
 palace in 1859, is a memorial of the annexation of the district to 
 the Electorate of Brandenburg in 1609. The Rathhaus contains a 
 few antiquities. 
 
 The Gothic Stiftskirche, an imposing brick edifice, erected in 
 1345, contains monuments of Counts and Dukes of Cleve, the finest 
 those of Adolph VI. (d. 1394) and Margaretha von Berg (d. 1425). 
 
 To the S.E. of the town lies the Prinzenhof^ erected in 1663 by 
 Maurice of Orange, Governor of Cleve (appointed by the Elector of 
 Brandenburg), and now a hotel and pension. To the S. extends a 
 range of hills , on which lies ^Berg und ThaV (*Restaurant) , with 
 the grave of Prince Maurice (d. 1679). Towards the W. lie the 
 hills known as the Thiergarten , laid out with pleasant park-like 
 grounds, which adjoin the road and railway to Nymwegen. — The 
 Clever-Berg (295 ft.), to the S. of the Thiergarten, commands one of 
 the most beautiful views on the Lower lihine. In the foreground lies 
 Cleve, and farther oft" the villages of Qualburg, Bedburg, SchlossMoy- 
 land, and the towns of Calcar, Xanten, Wesel, Rees, Emmerich, etc. 
 
 Near Cleve once stood the Roman caslrum of Colonia Trajana, founded 
 by Emp. Trajan. 
 
 Beyond Cleve the Rhenish Railway pursues its N. direction, crosses 
 the Rhine by means of a steam -ferry near stat. Elien, and at stat. 
 Zevenuar unites with the Dutch line to Amsterdam and Rotterdam (R. 2); 
 see also Baedeker's Belgium and Holland. 
 
 To Nymwegen by railway via Groesbeck and Cranenburg in 40 min. ; 
 comp. Baedeker's Belgium and Holland. 
 
 From Cleve diligence once daily in IV4 hr. to (.8 M.) Calcar, the 
 Gothic church of which, of the 14th cent., contains a remarkably fine al- 
 tarpiece by Johann of Calcar, and below it some admirably-carved wood- 
 work. Calcar was the birthplace of the celebrated Prussian General Seyd- 
 litz (d. 1773), the conqueror at Rossbach, a handsome monument of whom, 
 by Bayerle, adorns the market-place. 
 
 5. From Aix-la-Chapelle by Gladbach to Diisseldorf. 
 
 Co?np. Map^ p. 49. 
 
 49 M. Railway to Dusseldorf in 2-3 hrs. (fares 1 Jl , 5.30, 3.80; 
 express 8 Ji 80, 6.50, 4.60). 
 
 This railway has two stations at Aix-la-ChapeUe, one at the Mar- 
 schier-Thor, the other at the Templerhend (comp. p. 3). At (31/2 M.) 
 Richterich the Maastricht Line diverges to the left. The tall chim- 
 neys near (51/2 M.) Kohlscheidt belong to coal-mines. About 
 1 1/2 M« from Kohlscheidt rises the picturesque ruin of Wilhelmstein. 
 train now descends into the pleasing and partly wooded valley of 
 The the Wurm. 
 
 At (8 M.) Herzogenrath (Ritzerfeld; Schops), French Rolduc, a 
 small town with an ancient castle, the buildings of the suppressed 
 Abbey of Klosterrath (now a school) look down from a height on 
 the left. The church was consecrated in 1209, and its crypt in 1108. 
 
 On the left, near (I2Y2M.) Palenberg, rise the chateaux o{ Rim- 
 burg and Zweibriiggen, and at (157-2 ^0 Geilenkirchen that of
 
 GI-ADBACH. 5. Route. 53 
 
 Trips. The train then traverses the undulating Duchy of Jiilich, and 
 between (20 M.) Lindem and [24'/.) M.) Baal crosses the valley of 
 the Roer (p. 14). — 27'/2 ^I- Erkelenz (Adler), an old town with 
 4200 inhab. and the picturesque ruins of a castle destroyed in 1674. 
 The handsome church of the 14th cent, has a new iron spire 270 ft. 
 high. — 33 M. Wickrath, with a government stud. 
 
 35V/2 ^1- Rheydt fJobges ; Krilsemann), with 26,800 inhabitants, 
 is the junction of the Gladbach-Roermond-Antwerp line (sec below) 
 and of the Left-Rhenish line to Gladbach, Neersen-Neuxcerk, and 
 Neuss (p. 50; 17 M. in li 4 hr.). 
 
 About 6 M. to the E. of Rheydt is situated Schloss Oyck, the chateau 
 of Prince Salm-Reilferscheid-Dyck, with beautiful grounds, and a garden 
 which boasts of the most complete collection of cacti in Europe. (Good 
 inn, opposite the gate of the chateau.) — Schloss Liedberg, 3 M. to the N. 
 of Dyck, commands an extensive prospect. 
 
 38 M. Gladbach (*Herfs , R. & B. 3 J/, D. with wine I^UM; 
 Kothen ; ^Europivischer *Hof, nearer the station, D. IV2 J()t is an 
 important manufacturing town of 49,626 inhab., and one of the 
 centres of the Rhenish cotton, woollen, iron, and enginemaking in- 
 dustries. To distinguish it from another place of the same name 
 (p. 23) it is termed Munchen- Gladbach, the epithet Miinchen (i. e. 
 'Monchen' or monks) being derived from a Benedictine abbey, 
 founded in 793 and suppressed in 1802, to which the town owes its 
 origin. Admission to any of the numerous factories or dye-works is 
 usually granted by the owner on application. The imposing brick 
 edifice to the right of the Bergisch-Markisch station is a spinning 
 and weaving factory. Several important insurance societies have 
 their headquarters here. The early-Gothic choir of the Miinster- 
 kirche, dating from the second half of the 13th cent., is supposed 
 to have been built by Meister Gerard (p. 29) ; the Romanesque crypt 
 and the basemenf of the tower are of the 11th cent. The treasury 
 contains a fine late-Gothic portable altar and other interesting ob- 
 jects. The terrace of the Erholung Club (introduction by a member 
 necessary), situated in a shady park, and the old Abbey afford 
 commanding views of the Gladbach manufacturing district, which 
 includes the towns of Gladbach, Rheydt, Viersen, Odenkirchen, Diil- 
 ken, and Siichteln, and presents a scene of greatindustrial activity. 
 
 Gladbach is the junction of the Crefeld and Hochfeld-Dnisburg line 
 (see E. 6). Gladbach is also on the Rheydt (fc Neuss Railway (Left Rhenish 
 Line, see above), with two stations, Gladhach-Bokel and Gladbach- Speik. 
 
 From Gladbach to Antwerp, 99 M., railway in 4 hours, see Baedekev''f, 
 Belgium and Holland. 
 
 The line now turns towards the E., traverses a flat, arable, and 
 partly-wooded tract, and leads to (41 M.) Korschenbroich^ (43 M.) 
 Kleinenbroich, and (43'/2 ^1-) Neuss (p. 49), the junction of the 
 Aix-la-Chapelle-Diisseldorf , Cologne-Crefeld , and Diiren- Neuss 
 lines. Soon after leaving the station , the train crosses the Rhine 
 by an iron bridge (to the left fine view of Diisseldorf). 471/2 ^1- 
 Dusseldorf-Bilk; 49 M. Dmseldorf, Central Station (p. 18).
 
 54 
 6. From Gladbach to Crefeld, Ruhrort, and Essen. 
 
 Co lap. Map^ p. 4i/. 
 
 42 M. Railway in 21/2 brs. (fares 5 J( 40, iJl 10, 2 J( 7U pf.). 
 
 Miinchen- Gladbach, see p. 53. — 3 M. Helenabrunn. — 51/2 M. 
 Viersen (*Gansen ; *Dahlhausen ,• Kemper), a town with 22,200 iu- 
 hab. and extensive manufactories of silks, plush, and velvet ribbons. 
 The Gothic parish-church dates from the 13th century. The Hohen- 
 busch^ with a park, commands an extensive view. 
 
 A line diverges hence to Venlo, the junction of the Dutch railways to 
 Flushing and Rotterdam, to the W. , and to the S. to Maastricht. See 
 Baedeker's Belgium and Holland. 
 
 Viersen is also connected by a short branch-line with Neer»en-Neu' 
 werk on the Kheydt-Neuss railway (see R. 5). 
 
 The Crefeld line next crosses the Nord-Canal , begun by Na- 
 poleon, but never completed, and the river Niers, and then traverses 
 some drained marshland. 9 M. Anrath; 14 M. Crefeld (p. 50). 
 
 I81/2 ^l- Uerdingen (*Kellner), a commercial town on the Rhine 
 (4600 inhab.), with several extensive liqueur and sugar manufactories, 
 is the junction of the line to Hochfeld-Duisburg and Miilheim. 
 
 Fkom Ceefjjld to Molheim via lIocHFELD, il^jo M ill 1 hr. 6 min. — 
 Stations: Oppum (junction for Neiiss., p. 50); Linn; i'1/2 M. Uerdingen (see 
 above). The line crosses the rhine at (8 M.) Rheinhamen by a bridge, 
 1040 yds. long, spanning the river in four hand<:onie arches. IO72 M. 
 Hochfeld; 121/2 M. Duishurg (p. 18); 16 M. Sii/rum; I71/2 M. Miilheim (p. 55). 
 
 23 M. Trompet. — 26 M. Homberg, whence travellers are con- 
 veyed by steamboat in 8 min. to Ruhrort, is the junction of a 
 branch to Mors. 
 
 27 M. Euhrort (*Cleve Hotel; Preussischer Hof ; Rheinischer 
 Hof), with 11,000 inhab., lies on the Rhine at the influx of the Ruhr, 
 and is one of the most important trading towns in the district. Its 
 extensive harbour, 4 M. in length, is connected by branch-lines 
 with the main railways. The export of coals from Ruhrort amounts 
 to about IY2 iiiilliori tons annually, for the transport of which it 
 possesses a number of powerful tug-steamers and 400 barges, some 
 of them upwards of 500 tons burden. Half of the coal exported goes 
 to the towns on the Upper Rhine, and as far as Strassburg, and the 
 other half to Holland. The Quays of Ruhrort are of considerable ex- 
 tent. A granite obelisk on the quay is to the memory of Ludwig 
 von Vincke (d. 1844), the president of the province, who materially 
 improved the navigation of the Ruhr. Opposite the railway-station 
 are the blast and puddling-furnaces of the Phoenix Co. — Branch- 
 lines to (51/2 M.) Oberhausen and (7 M.) Sterkrade (p. 18). 
 
 29 M. Meiderich, a place with 20,400 inhab. and important 
 ironworks. 32^ 2 M. Styrum. 
 
 35 M. Miilheim an der Ruhr (Hotel Im Zulast; Retze), a prett- 
 ily situated town with 27,900 inhab. — 351/2 M. Mulheim-Ruhr, 
 the second station of Miilheim. 41 M. Altendorf. 
 
 42 M. Essen, see Baedeker^s Northern Germany.
 
 55 
 7. From Cologne to Elberfeld and Hagen. 
 
 ComjK Map, p. 49. 
 
 431,2 M. Railway, express in I1/2, ordinary trains in 2V4 trs. ; tares 
 5 Uir, 3 Jf 60. or 4 ^ 50, 3.30, 2.20. 
 
 Cologne, see p. 1A. The quick trains start from the central 
 station; slow trains also from the Right-Rhenish station at J) eutz, 
 on the right bank of the Rhine (see p. 24). 
 
 2 M. Mulheim am Rhein, see p. 23; '7 M. Schlebusch; 91/2 M. 
 Opladen (junction for Lennep, lY'/o M.); ^^Vo M. Leichlingen ; 
 16 M. Ohligs-Wald [branch-line in V4 l^^- to Solingen (Bairischer 
 Hof), an important manufacturing place]; 20 M. Haan. the junction 
 of the Dusseldorf-Elberfeld line (p. 56); 23 M. Vohwinkel, the 
 junction of the line to Steele, an important coal-railway; 25 M. 
 Sonnborn. The train crosses the Wupper. 
 
 261,2 M. Elberfeld -Zoological Garden, 26i 9 M. Elberfeld- 
 Steinbeck, 27 M. Elberfeld, 28 M. Unter- Barmen , and 291,2 M. 
 Barmen, now together form a single large manufacturing town, 
 which fills the bottom and extends up the sides of the valley, and 
 is intersected by the railway, the highroad with a tramway-line, 
 and the Wupper. 
 
 Hotels in Elberfeld. *Weidenhof (PI. a; F, 4), R., L., & A. 21/2, 
 B. 1, D. 21/2 -*; Victoria (Pi. d; F, 4); Post (PL e: E, 3), R.,L., & A. 2 Jl, 
 well spoken of; Scharpenack fPl. c; E, 3); Rheinischer Hof (PI. f; E, 4) \ 
 BiERMANN (see below), Alter Markt ; Kaiserhof. opprsite the station. — 
 Hotels in Barmen. 'Vogelee (PI. a; D, 3) ; Evangelisches Vereinshaus, 
 near the .station; Schutzenhaus (PI. c; D, 3), in the town. 
 
 Restaurants at Elberfeld: Biermann, Alter 3Iarkt; Willemsen, Konig- 
 Str., with a garden; Zicarg. Kirch-Str. ; Himmelmavn, Schwanen-.Str. (wine). 
 — At Barmen : Theatre Restaurant, next door to the Hotel Vogeler ; Zur Pfalz. 
 
 Consuls of the United States: at Elberfeld, Ch. F'k-ster Esq.; at 
 Barmen, A. G. Studer Esq. 
 
 The sister-towns of Elberfeld and Barmen, which have risen to 
 importance since the middle of last century, now contain 246,500 
 inhab. (Elberfeld, 126,000 ; Barmen, 120,000), and rank among the 
 richest manufacturing towns on the continent. The chief products 
 of their very numerous and extensive factories are cotton, calico, 
 silk, ribbons, Turkey-red dyed goods, soap, candles, and chemicals, 
 Since the introduction ot power-looms the value of the cotton and 
 silk manufactures has risen to upwards of 6Y2 million I. annually. 
 The old parts of the towns are irregular and confined , but the 
 modern portions contain many fine private buildings. The finest 
 part of Elberfeld is the quarter to the S.W., near the Niltzenberg 
 (PI. A, 5), a hill with a belvedere commanding an extensive view, 
 the principal public edifices are the Rathhaus (PI. 16; E. 4); the 
 Reformirte Kirche (PI. 10; C, 4), designed by Zwirner; and the 
 Lcindgerichisgebdude (PI. 12; H, 3, 4), or courts of law,- with a 
 picture of the Last Judgment by Baur in the principal hall. In 
 the Konigsplatz (PI. D, 4) is a War Monument commemorating the 
 campaigns of 1870-71, by Alberraann. The Hardt (P\. G, 3), where 
 there are a monument to St. Suitbertus and another war monument,
 
 56 Route?. SCHWELM. 
 
 commands a pleasing view. A finer view is ol)tained from tlic 
 Konigshdhe on tlie Kiesherg, l'^^^- to the S.W. of the town (restaur, 
 and view-tower). At the base of the Kiesherg lies the Zoological 
 Garden [rail way- station, see p. 55). 
 
 In Barmen the chief buildings are the Protestant Church (PI. 10; 
 B, 3), designed by Hiibsch ; the Missionshaus (PI. 22; H, 2, 3), 
 and tlie Missionskinderhaus, containing an interesting collection of 
 curiosities from foreign countries; the Town Hall; and the new 
 Christ Church. Rack and pinion railway to the Talle Tower in the 
 upper promenades (*View), near which is the new Luftkurhaus, a 
 health resort (pens, with R. 4I/2-6 Jf ; omnibus to the Barmen Forest). 
 
 From Elbekfeld to Dusseldokk, 17 M. in 1 hr. Stations Vohwinkel^ 
 Haan (p. 55), HocJidafd, Erkralli, Gerresfteim,, Bilsseldorf (p. 18). 
 
 The line skirts the E. side of the valley of the "Wupper. 30 M. 
 Barmen-Rittershausen. It then crosses the Wupper, quits the Duchy 
 of Berg, and enters the County of Mark. The river anciently formed 
 the boundary between the Franks and Saxons, and now separates 
 the Rhineland from Westphalia. — 34 M. Schv/elm (Rosenkranz), 
 a town with 13,500 inhabitants. Farther on, the train passes the 
 Schwelmer Brunnen, a chalybeate spring, and through several cut- 
 tings. — 361/2 ^1- Milspe. Pleasing view up the valley of the Ennepe, 
 which the train crosses by embankments and a viaduct, 100 ft. 
 high. — 38 M. Gevelsberg, a town consisting of a long row of de- 
 tached houses. The stream turns the machinery of numerous small 
 iron-works, where scythes, sickles, and shovels are manufactured. 
 At (41 M.) Haspe are extensive puddling-works and rolling-mills. 
 
 43Y2 ^'^' Hagen (*n6tel Lilnenschloss, at the station ; *Kaiserhof, 
 *Glitz), a manufacturing town with 35,400 inhab., and the junction 
 for Dortmund, Cassel (see Baedeker's N. Germany')., and Siegen. 
 
 From Hagen to Siegen, 66 M. in 31/2 brs. (fares 8 j( GO, 6. 50, 4. 30). 
 This line (the Rvhv-Sieghalui)., which connects the manufacturing regions 
 of the Lenne and the Sieg with the coal-measures of the Ruhr, runs to 
 the N. for a short distance in the valleys of the Volme and the Ruhr, 
 and then turns to the S. at the foot of the Hohen-Si/burg, into the pictur- 
 esque and populous valley of the Lenne, which it follows as far as Alten- 
 hundem. 5 M. Kabel. On a hill to the right rises a column to the memory 
 of a Prince Bentheim. — 11 M. Hohenlimburg C Bentheimer Hof, by the 
 bridge; Post)., a prettily-situated town with 6200 inhab., is commanded by 
 the chateau of PrinceBentheim, situated on a bold wooded height, and 
 affording a fine view. — IQVz M. Letmathe (Hotel Tilz-, Eestaurant at the 
 station), with 4000 inhab., is the junction for Iserlohn (see p. 57). 
 
 19 M. Altena (Klincke, beyond the bridge; (luitmann^ in the town) is 
 a very picturesquely situated little town of 11.140 inhab., with the ancestral 
 Schloss of the Counts von der Mark, which commands an admirable view. 
 25 M. Werdohl; 80 M. Pleilenberg ; 38 M. Finnentrop, whence a branch-line 
 leads by Atlendorn to the small town of Olpe (Deutscher Kaiser), with 
 iron-works, and to Eothemithle; 42 M. Grevenbriick ; 40 M. Altenhitndem 
 (*Pliicke'r), where the line enters the Hundem-Thal. At (53 M.) Welschen- 
 Ennesl the watershed of the Rahrbacher Hbhe (1312 ft.) is penetrated by means 
 of a tunnel, beyond which the train reaches (60 M.) CreuztJial., (63 M.) 
 Gcisweid, and (65 ]\[.) Haardt. 
 
 66 M. Siegen CGoldner Ldwe, E., A., & B.3^; -Deutsche)' Kaiser), a 
 busy old mining town, with a population of 18,200 souls, the centre of the
 
 SIEGBURG. S. Route. 57 
 
 iron luanui'acturcs of the district, and of a system of meadow-farming, with 
 a special school for that branch of agriculture. The two castles belonged 
 to the Princes of N^assau-Siegen who became extinct in 1743. The lower 
 castle contains a monument to a Count of Nassau-Siegen. who was a Dutch 
 governor of Brazil and afterwards, in the Brandenburg service, Stadthokler 
 of Gleve (d. 1679; comp. p. 51), At Siegen. on the day of SS. Peter and 
 Paul . 29th June. 1577, was born the eminent painter Peter Paul Rjibens^ 
 whose father Johannes Rubens, the Antwerp bailiff, with his wife Marie 
 Pypeling, was then living here in exile (till 1578). 
 
 At Betzclorf the line joins the Cologne and Giessen railway, see R. 8. 
 
 [Fkom Letmathe to Iserlohx, 33/4 M., branch-line in 10-18 mi n. (fares 
 60, 50, 30 pf.). Intermediate station Dechenhbhle, see below. 
 
 Iserlohn (Sander; Post), an important manufacturing town with 
 22,100 inhab., the chief products of which are iron and bronze wares, 
 needles, and wire. The Stadtkirche contains a fine winged altar of the 
 15th century. The picturesque environs are crowded with factories of every 
 kind. The Ale.randerhohe, near the station, is a popular resort. 
 
 At the Griine (Inn), a valley on the Lenne between Iserlohn and Let- 
 mathe, rise two detached rocks termed the 'Pater' and the 'Nonne', near 
 which is the Griirmavnshdhle, a cavern containing numerous fossil remains 
 of antediluvian animals. On the railway (see above), 10 min. to the E. of 
 the Griine, is situated the highly-interesting -Dechenhohle (Inn), a stalactite 
 cavern discovered in 1868 (cards of admission, 75 pf. each, sold at the 
 station), lighted with gas, and extending about 300 yds. into the hill.] 
 
 8. From Cologne to Frankfort via Giessen. 
 
 143 31. Eailwat from Cologne to Giessen, 1031/2 M. in 4V2-5V2 hrs. (fares 
 13 Jf 30, 10 ^, 6Jf 70) ; from Giessen to Frank-fort, 39V2 M. in I'A-S hrs. 
 (fares 4 Jf 40, 3. 30, 2. 20; express. 5 Jf, 3 Jf 60). 
 
 The train starts from the Right- Rhenish station Sit Deutz (p. 27j 
 express from Cologne), and traverses a flat country at some distance 
 from the Rhine. 2 M. Kalk, a thriving indnstrial suburb of Deutz, 
 is also a station of the Right Rhenish line (p. 73). 6V2 M. Urbach. 
 The great annual artillery practice of the 8th corps of the Prussian 
 army takes place in June and July on the Wahner Heide, an ex- 
 tensive plain, 1/2 -^I- to the Y.. of (8 M.) Wahn. Beyond (13 M.) 
 Troisdorf, where the Right-Rhenish line diverges (p. 73), the line 
 crosses \}\e Agger, on the bank of which to the right is the Friedrich- 
 WUhelms-Hutte, a large iron-foundry. 
 
 151/2 -^I- SieghuTg (* Stern), with 8500 inhab., lies pleasantly 
 on the slope of a hill at the confluence of the Agger and the Sieg. 
 Above it rise the buildings of an old Benedictine Abbey, founded 
 by Abp. Anno in 1066 and now a reformatory. Of the abbey- 
 church the crypt alone remains. The Parish Church, dating from 
 the second half of the 13th cent., contains several interesting tombs, 
 including that of St. Anno fd. 1075), Archbishop of Cologne, the 
 stern guardian of Emp. Henry IV. Siegburg possesses a large gov- 
 ernment shot- factory, extensive calico-printing works, and other 
 important industrial establishments. — Branch-line to (I8Y2 M.) 
 Derschlag. 
 
 Beyond Siegburg (view of the Seven Mountains to the right), 
 the train crosses the Sieg for the first time, and ascends the valley 
 of the river over 38 bridges and through 13 tunnels to Betzdorf and
 
 58 Route 8. DILLENBURG. From Cologne 
 
 iSicgeu. — From (20 M.) Hennef, branch -lines diverge to Wald- 
 broel and to Buchholz. The castle of Allner, the property of Mr. 
 Cockerill, adjoining the wood to the left, stands at the confluence 
 of the Broel and the Sieg. Farther on, to the left, the monastery of 
 Bodingen, surrounded "by vineyards, and the chateau of Attenbach. 
 
 221/2 M. Blankenberg (*Honrath, with a terrace commanding a 
 beautiful view), formerly an important fortified town, with a ruined 
 castle, is now a popular summer-resort. Tunnel. 
 
 Beyond (271/2 M.) Eitorf (*Gerlach) a retrospect is obtained of 
 the monastery of Merten on the hill to the right. The wooded hills 
 enclosing the valley now increase in height. Two tunnels are passed 
 through. Near Wlndeck, with the castle of that name on the hill 
 to the left, the railway and high-road pass through a deep cutting. 
 — 31 M. Herchen; 861/2 M. Schladern (Deutsches Haus, well spoken 
 of; Kleven). A new channel has here been constructed for the 
 Sieg, while the old one has been left dry for a distance of 2 M. 
 Tunnel. 
 
 41 M. Au, the junction for Limburg (p. 199); 441/2 M. Wissen. 
 A little farther on, on the opposite bank of the Sieg, rises the old 
 chateau of Schonstein, the property of Prince Hatzfeld-Wilden- 
 burg. — 47 M. Niederhdvels . 
 
 At {b2M.')'Betz6.0Tf (Deutsches Haus, well spoken of; Gobrecht) 
 the line divides: the branch to the left runs to Siegen (in 1/2 hr., 
 see p. 57 and Baedeker's Northern Germany). 
 
 The line to Wetzlar and Giessen ascends the valley of the Heller 
 to (pi M.) Herdorf, (59 M.) Neunkirchen, and (63 M.) Burbach, 
 crosses the watershed between the Heller and the Dill near Wiir- 
 gersdorf, and threads its way through the Hickengrund. 691/2 M. 
 Niederdresselndorf-^ 74 M. Haiger. The line nextenters the Dillthal. 
 
 77 M. JHWenhviXg (Hirsch; Stadt Frankfurt; Schwan) , a pic- 
 turesque town of 3900 inhab., with iron mines and a mining school. 
 The Wilhelmsthurm, 130 ft. high, was erected in 1872-75 on the site 
 of the ruined castle of Dillenburg, in which William of Orange, the 
 liberator of the Netherlands, was born in 1533. The tower contains 
 several relics of the great patriot (adm. 30 pf.). Adjacent is the 
 Wilhelmslinde, a lime-tree under which William received the Neth- 
 erlandish ambassadors in 1568. 
 
 Bli/oM- Herborn (670 ft.; Metzler ) , with 3100 inhab., pos- 
 sessed a Protestant university from 1584 till 1817. The old castle 
 is now a seminary. — 85 M. Sinn. On a hill to the right the ruin 
 of Greifenstein. Beyond (891/2 M.) Ehringshausen the line enters 
 the valley of the Lahn, and unites with the Nassovian Railway 
 (from Lahnstein to Wetzlar, R. 27). 
 
 951/2 M. Wetzlar, see p. 201. 
 
 The line now ascends the Lahn, crosses the frontier of Hessen 
 near (100 M.) Dutenhofen, and unites with the Main-Weser line 
 at Giessen. The ruins of Gleiberg and Vetzberg are seen on the left.
 
 to Frankfort. NAUHEIM, 8. Route. 59 
 
 1031/2 ^I- Criessen (*Kuhne, near the station; Einhorn; Rappe ; 
 Prinz Carl ; Rail. Restaurant ; good beer and fine vie^ at the Felstn- 
 keller), situated on the Lahn, is mainly of modern origin, and con- 
 tains 20,800 inhabitants. It is the seat of a university, founded in 
 1607, which is attended by about 600 students. 
 
 IO81/2 M. Langgons. About 3 M. to the left of (iU M.) Butz- 
 bach rise the considerable ruins of the castle of Munzenberg, de- 
 stroyed in the Thirty Years' War. The higher (154 ft.) of its two 
 towers commands an extensive view. 
 
 120 m. Nauheim. — Hotels. *BL4iserhof; 'Sfkengel; Cuesaal; 
 Bellevue; Hotel de l'Eckope; Deutscher Hof; Goldenek Engel. — 
 Private Apartments at the Villa Wagner^ Villa Langsdorf, etc. — It is 
 advi.«a]>le not to arrive late in the evening, as the hotels are often full 
 during the season. 
 
 Restaurants. Neues Curhaus; Langsdorf; Burk. 
 
 Visitors' Tax for a stay of more than 5 days, 1 pers. 12 Jf ^ 2 pers. 
 IS e#, each additional member of a family 3 Jf. 
 
 Cabs. Per drive, one-hor?e, 1-2 pers. CO pf., 3-4 pers. 80 pf.; two-horse 
 80 pf. or 1 .4f. Per hour: 2 J( GO. 3 Jf \0, S J( 40, or 5 J(. 
 
 Nauheim, a small town of 3000 inhab., pleasantly situated on 
 the N.E. slope of the Taunus Mts., with regular streets, shady 
 avenues, and pleasure-grounds, has of late become a favourite 
 watering-place, visited by 5-6000 guests annually. The warm 
 saline springs, which are strongly impregnated with carbonic acid 
 gas, have been known for centuries, but did not begin to attract 
 visitors until about 1840. Extensive evaporating-houses and salt- 
 pans. The waters of the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Sprudel (95° Fahr.), 
 the Grosse Sprudel(dO"), and the Kleine Sprudel (SA°) are used 
 for the baths, which are admirably fitted up. The Curbrunnen, 
 Carlsquelle (somewhat resembling the Rakoczy of Kissingen), and 
 Ludwigsquelle (alkaline) are drinking-springs. Adjoining the 
 Trinkhalle, at the E. end of the town, are several greenhouses. At 
 the foot of the Johannisberg, about V2 ^^- from the station, is the 
 liandsome Curhaus, with elegant rooms and a fine terrace over- 
 looking the extensive grounds. 
 
 The train skirts the Gradirhauser( 'evaporating-houses'), crosses 
 a lofty viaduct, and reaches — 
 
 122 M. Friedberg (^Hotel Trapp; Restaurant Felsenkeller^ with 
 view), aHessiandistrict-town with 5360 inhab., once a free imperial 
 town. The Protestant Liebfrauenkirche is an interesting Gothic 
 structure, built in 1290-1350, with towers dating from the 15th 
 century. See Baedeker's Northern Germany. 
 
 125 M. Buchenbrucken ; 127 M. Nieder-Wollstadt. To the right 
 rise the Taunus Mts. 130 M. Gross-Karben ; 132 M. Dortelweil; 
 1341/2 M. Vilbel, near which the Nidda is crossed; 137M. Bonames, 
 station forHomburg (p. 216); 141 M. Bockenheim, with a handsome 
 church, large barracks, and an ancient watch-tower. 
 
 143 M. Frankfort, see p. 202.
 
 60 
 
 9. The Rhine from Cologne to Goblenz. 
 
 Gomp. Map^ p. 48. 
 Steamboat (60 ^\.) in 7-8hrs. (down 41/2-5 hrs.), fares 3 J(? 90, 2 Jt GO pf. 
 (down A Jf 80, 3»^20pf.). Piers at Marienburg, Wesseling, Bonn, Konigs- 
 winter, IJolandscck, Remagen, Linz, Andernach, and Neuwicd; small-boat 
 stations at Obcrcassel. Plittersdorf-Godesberg, Unkel, Nieder-Breisig, Brolil, 
 St. Sebastian, etc. — Cabs, etc., at Cologne, see p. 24. — Railway (57 M.) 
 in 13/4-23/4 hrs. (7 Jf 30, 5.25, 3.70), see R. 10. 
 
 In the following routes r. and I. indicate the position of towns, and 
 other objects, with regard to the traveller ascending the river. The Left 
 Rhenish and Right Rhenish railways, however, are named after the left 
 (W.) and right (E.) banks respectively with regard to the traveller de- 
 scending the river. — The large white numbers painted on the banks in- 
 dicate the distance (in Kilometres) from the point where the Rhine enters 
 German territory (at Bale). 
 
 Soon after the steamer has quitted the majestic city of Cologne, 
 with its cathedral, numerous towers, and lofty bridge, the chateau 
 ,of Bensberg (p. 23) , on an eminence 9 M. to the left , comes in 
 sight. To the right is Marienhurg-Bayenthal (pier; Hot. -Restaur. 
 Marienburg, with extensive grounds), a new residential suburb of 
 Cologne [p. 25). Several small-boat stations now follow: 1. Porz ; 
 r. Silrth ; r. Wesseling., with a pier, the station for Briihl (p. 72) ; 1. 
 Lillsdorf; r. Widdig ; 1. Mondorf. The express steamers pass all 
 these without stopping. Opposite the island of Graupenwerth, at 
 the mouth of the Sieg, on the left, lies Grau-Rheindorf. On the 
 hillside, farther inland, rises the suppressed Benedictine abbey of 
 Sieghurg (p. 57). 
 
 On the left we soon perceive the church of Schwarz-Rheindorf, 
 a curious structure, consisting of two stories, consecrated in 1151 
 by Archbishop Arnold of Wied, who is buried here. Beneath the 
 dome is an octagonal aperture between the stories, 10 ft. in dia- 
 meter, so that the inmates of a nunnery, with which the church 
 was in immediate connection, could in the upper story hear the 
 service without being visible to the congregation in the lower story. 
 Interesting mural paintings of the 12th cent, were discovered in the 
 lower church during a restoration (comp. p. xxix). The exterior is 
 also worthy of inspection, especially the remarkably elegant miniature 
 arcade which runs round the upper part of the church on the E. side. 
 
 To the right we next observe the Jesuitenhof , and then the 
 Wichelshof (j[). 77). As the steamboat approaches Bonn, the charms 
 of the scenery of the Rhine gradually begin to present themselves. 
 The lofty tower of the Miinster, the handsome residences on the 
 Rhine above the town, the long buildings of the University peeping 
 from among the trees, and the grounds of the 'Alte Zoll' give the 
 town a very attractive appearance when viewed from the steamboat. 
 
 r. Bonn, see p. 76. 
 
 After Bonn is quitted we enter the most picturesque and famous 
 portion of the river. Ramersdorf, to the left, with woods in the 
 background, was formerly a lodge of the Teutonic Order, the chapel 
 of which was removed to the cemetery at Bonn (p. 81).
 
 iW?^ 
 
 -o
 
 ROLAND SECK. 9. Route. 61 
 
 1. Obercassel, and railway-ferry to Bonn, see p. 73. 
 
 r. Plittersdorf (Restaurant Muudorf , with 'pension'), station for 
 Godesberg (p. 71), 1 M. to the 5.W. 
 
 1. Niederdollendorf, see p. 73. 
 
 On the right rises the handsome tower of the ruined castle of 
 Godesberg (p. 71), on an eminence, 11/2^- from the Rhine. On 
 the bank lies Riingsdorf (*H6tel-Pension Dreesen, with garden, 
 board 3^ 2 "^^5 Restaurant Niggemeyer). 
 
 1. Konigswinter (160 ft.; p. 82), beyond which rises the 
 *Drachenfels. Ascent of the latter, and the Seven Mountains, see 
 pp. 83 et seq. 
 
 r. Mehlem (*Post; Stern; Krone), a village of 1100 inhab., 
 with a modern Romanesque church and numerous villas, is a rail- 
 way-station (p. 71), and is connected with Konigswinter by a ferry. 
 
 To the left, at first concealed by the islands, lie Rhondorf, 
 high above which towers the ruin on the Drachenfels (908 ft. 
 above the Rhine) and on the N. slope of the hill the chateau of 
 Drachenburg (&ee p. 84). Farther back are ^ommersdor/" and the 
 scattered village of Honnef{^. 74). 
 
 The steamer next passes the islands of (r.) Nonnenwerth, or 
 Rolandswerth, and (1.) Grafenwerth. On the former, peeping from 
 the midst of trees , stands an extensive nunnery of very ancient 
 origin, mentioned for the first time in a document of the 12th cen- 
 tury, and suppressed in 1802. The present buildings, which now 
 contain a girls' school, were erected at the end of the 18th cent., 
 and a new wing was added in 1869. 
 
 r. Eolandseck. — Hotels. Rolandseck, E.., L., & A. 2'/2, B. 1, D. 3, 
 pens, with R. 5'/2-7Uif; Roland, both with gardens and view; Bellevue, 
 near the pier and the rail, station; Decker, U. & B. S Jf. — *Railway 
 Restaurant, with fixed but high charges; magnificent **View from the 
 terrace. 
 
 Boat to Nonnenwerth and back I1/2 Jl'-, Rhondorf and back I1/2 M '-, Ko- 
 nigswinter 2' 2-3 M. Ferry to Honnef 5 pf. — Donkey to Roland's Arch ^Ja, 
 horse i. Jl; io the tower VjiJl; for the return Vs-V-' more. 
 
 Rolandseck (rail, stat., see' p. 71), which lies at the foot of the 
 first considerable heights on the W. bank of the Rhine, is one of the 
 most beautiful and frequented spots on the river, and is surrounded 
 with numerous villas, chiefly belonging to wealthy merchants from 
 the Lower Rhine, and extending along the wooded slopes at the back 
 of the village. Leaving the station by the public grounds, we follow 
 the rend along the river as far as the Hotel Roland and then ascend 
 the narrow path, leaving the hotel of the left, pass under the rail- 
 way arch, and, passing a shell-grotto ('Rolandsborn'), and following 
 tlie sliadeless bridle-path past a pavilion on the hill, arrive in 
 15-20 min. at the Rolandsbogen, or ""'Boland Arch (500 ft. above 
 the sea), the last relic of the Castle of Rolandseck, perched on a 
 basaltic rock, 344 ft. above the Rhine. The *View hence, which 
 is seen to best advantage by evening -light, is less extensive than
 
 62 Route 9. RHEINBREITBACH. From Cologne 
 
 that from the Drachenfels, but more picturesque, as it embraces the 
 Seven Mts. 
 
 The castle is said to have been bflilt by the knight Roland, the paladin 
 of Charlemagne, who fell at the battle of Roncesvalles, The earliest histori- 
 cal mention of it is in a document of 1040 or 1045, where it is called 
 Rulcheseck; the convent on the island was named Rulcheswerth. In 1120 
 Archbishop Frederick partly restored the ruin for the purpose of defend- 
 ing his dominions against Henry IV. The fortress stood till the close of 
 the 15th cent., when it fell entirely to decay. The beautiful legend con- 
 nected with the castle and convent may be thus briefly told: — 
 
 The brave knight Roland, scouring the Rhine in search of adventure, 
 found himself the guest of Count Heribert, lord of the Seven Mountains, 
 at his castle of Drachenburg. According to custom the daughter of the 
 host, the peerless Hildegunde, welcomed him with the ofl'ering of bread, 
 wine, and fish. Her beauty riveted the gaze of the young knight, and 
 Hildegunde and Roland were soon affianced lovers. But their happiness 
 was brief: Roland was summoned by Charlemagne to the crusade. Time 
 sped on, and anxiously did Hildegunde await his return. But sad rumours 
 came. The brave Roland was said to have fallen by the hands of the In- 
 fidels, and the inconsolable Hildegunde took refuge in the 'Kloster' in the 
 adjacent island of Nonnenwerth. The rumours, however, of the death of 
 her betrothed were unfounded. Although desperately wounded, he recov- 
 ered, and hastened to the halls of Drachenburg to claim his bride ; but 
 instead of being welcomed back by her fondly-remembered smile, he found 
 that she was for ever lost to him. In despair he built the castle, of which 
 one crumbling arch alone remains, and there lived in solitude, catching 
 an occasional glimpse of a fair form passing to and fro to her devotions 
 in the little chapel of the Kloster. At length he missed her, and soon 
 the tolling of the bell and a mournful procession conveyed to him the 
 heart-rending intelligence that his beloved Hildegunde was no more. From 
 that moment Roland never spoke again; for a short time he dragged on 
 his wretched existence, but his heart was broken, and one morning he was 
 found rigid and lifeless, his glassy eye still turned towards the convent 
 chapel. 
 
 The modern tower on the top of the hill, 1/2 M. to the W. of the 
 ruin, affords a wider prospect, embracing Godesberg, the spurs of the 
 Seven Mts., and the plain between Bonn and Cologne (on Sun. the 
 custodian is generally at the tower ; 25-50 pf.), — About 5 min. farther, 
 on the summit of the Roderberg, is the Restaurant Alter Vulcan, 
 affording a fine view of the Seven Mts. The Roderberg is an extinct 
 volcano, the margin of which may still be descried. In the hollow, 
 to the W. of the Restaurant, lies the Bruchhof (hence to the Mehlem 
 railway-station, 40 min.). 
 
 r. Oberwinter (Post; Loosen). The retrospect hence is one of the 
 finest on the Rhine. Rolandseck, and the Drachenfels with its castle, 
 the cliffs of the Wolkenburg , and the whole of the peaks of tlie 
 Seven Mts., upwards of thirty in number, form a picture of incom- 
 parable beauty, while the lovely island of Nonnenwerth and the 
 grand river itself constitute the foreground. On the right bank is 
 the flattened summit of the Lowenburg, with its ruin. The isolated 
 cone to the extreme right is the Hemmerich. 
 
 1. Rheinbreitbach {*Clouth^ with 'pension' and garden ; Marien- 
 herg^, a favourite summer-resort, lies at the entrance to a wide 
 valley, which extends from the Rhine to the Seven Mountains (comp. 
 p. 74). Fine view from the (8/4 M.) Heilig, a hill surmounted with
 
 to Coblenz. REMAGEN. 9. Route. 63 
 
 a cross. The ancient copper and lead mines on the Virneberg are no 
 longer worked. 
 
 1. TJnkel (* Hotel Clasen, R. & B. 21/2, pens. 5 Jf, good wine, 
 with garden and view-terrace) is a prosperous village, a favourite re- 
 sort in summer and autumn (rail, stat., see p. 72). On the hill is a 
 pavilion, affording a beautiful view. Between Unkel and Remagen 
 the Rhine describes a wide curve. A little inland is the village of 
 Srheuren. Of the numerous country-houses situated on both banks 
 of the river , the most conspicuous is the chateau of Marienfels, 
 y.) M. below the ApoUinariskirche. 
 
 r. Bemagen.— Hotels. *H6telFurstenberg andKonigvonPredssen, 
 on the Rhine, with gardens, R., L. & A. 2 1/2-41/2, B. lUlf20, D. 3Uif, first- 
 clas'i closed in winter ^ -Ruein-IIotel, on the Rhine, next door to the 
 Fiirstenberg Hotel, K., L., A., & B. 2V2-3 Jt, D. 2V2, pens, with R. 5-6 »^; 
 AsKER, also on the Rhine, well spoken of. — Fassbesder, Cramer, both 
 in the principal street, with restaurants; Deutscher Kaiser (R. & B. 2V2^), 
 Westfalischer HOF, at the railway-station; Victoriaberg, Zom Apolli- 
 NARisBERG, a little below the town, unpretending. 
 
 Carriages. To the ApoUinariskirche^ one-horse i Jt 25 pf., two-horse 
 IJtbO pf. -, t<j Roland.<eck 4 or 6 Jl. there and back 1 Ji or 10 UK 50pf. ; to 
 Altena/ir 10 |J^ or 13 Jt 50 pf., there and back 14 or 18 Jl, or spending 
 a night there 15 or 21 jK ■, Laacher See and back 14 UK 50 pf. or 18 Ji, by 
 Andernach 18 or 22 M. 
 
 Remagen (xaA\. &iaX.^^ a small town with 3200 inhab., situated 
 13 M. above Bonn and 24 M. below Coblenz, is an excellent starting- 
 point for excursions. It is mentioned as Rigomagus in the Peutinger 
 map of Roman roads (p. xxiv), and Roman mile-stones, now pre- 
 served at Mannheim and Bonn, have been found here. Remagen was a 
 place of some importance in the middle ages, but declined after the 
 Thirty Years' War. It once belonged, like Sinzig, to the duchy of 
 Jiilich ; in 1624 it came into the possession of Pfalz-Neuburg, and 
 afterwards into that of Pfalz-Baiern, or the Bavarian Palatinate. 
 
 At the lower end of the town is the Roman Catholic Church, 
 with a Romanesque nave and a Gothic choir, consecrated in 1246. 
 In the interior are a handsome Gothic canopy and several sculp- 
 tures of the 15th century. The Romanesque Portal adjoining the 
 Roman Catholic parsonage, adorned with grotesque sculptures of the 
 12th cent., is worthy of inspection. Whether it originally belonged 
 to a palace or a church is unknown, — At the upper end of the town 
 is a new Protestant Church, in the Gothic style. — The head office 
 of the Apollinaris Company Limited (p. 88) is situated on the bank 
 of the Rhine. 
 
 A road to the right near the Protestant church crosses the rail- 
 way and the high-road and ascends through a hollow bordered by 
 shady footpaths (donkey 1 Jl ; for the whole excursion 2^2 «^^J t^ 
 the (20min.) top of the Victoria-Berg, with promenades, benches, 
 and several different points of yievf (Victoria- Tempel, with a restau- 
 rant, Eremitage, Hofreiden, Ahrplatte), commanding a charming 
 and varied prospect, best by evening-light. In the foreground is 
 the ApoUinariskirche, by which we may return to the town.
 
 64 . Route 9. LINZ. From Cologne 
 
 Immediately below Remagen a broad road, diverging to the left 
 from the high-road, ascends the steep clay-slate hill to the elegant 
 Gothic four-towered *Apollinariskirclie, erected in 1839 by Zicir- 
 ner, the late eminent architect of the cathedral of Cologne, at 
 the expense of Count Fiirstenberg - Stammheim (d. 1859). This 
 little church occupies the site of an ancient and mucli-frequented 
 pilgrimage-shrine. In 1164 Frederick Earbarossa is said to liave 
 presented the head of the highly-revered St. ApoUinaris, Bisliop of 
 Ravenna, to Archbishop Reinald von Dassel of Cologne, who was 
 in the act of conveying it to Cologne, together with the relics of 
 the Magi, when by some miraculous agency the vessel stopped in 
 the middle of the river here, and refused to proceed until the head 
 of the holy man had been deposited in a chapel recently erected on 
 the Apollinarisberg. 
 
 The church is open daily 9V2-12 and 2-6 o'clock; on Saturdays and 
 the eves of festivals Qy-i-i'2 and 2-4, on Sundays and holidays 11-12 and 
 1-3 o'clock (admission , 30 pf.). The 'Intkriok has been adorned in 
 1843-51 by the Diisseklorf artists Ernst Deger (1809-85), Karl Midler, Andreas 
 Mailer and Fr. Ittenbach with ten large ^Frescoes in the best style of modern 
 German religious painting. 
 
 On the left, scenes from the life of the Saviour, by Deger and Itten- 
 bach, on the right, scenes from the life of the Virgin; in the centre, Women 
 of the Old Testament, by K. Miiller; below, Meeting of St. Joachim and St. 
 Anna, and Mary ascending the steps of the Temple, by Itlenbuch. In the 
 S. transept, St. ApoUinaris consecrated bishop, and miraculous resuscita- 
 tion of a girl; in the N., destruction of idols, death and beatitude of the 
 saint (A. Miiller), and a Crucifixion (Deger). In the choir on the right, 
 Coronation of the Virgin (K. Miiller); left, the Resurrection (Deger). On 
 the external side of the arch, on the right, St. Joseph, on the left . '~3Iary and 
 the Child, by Deger. In the Chancel the Saviour with the Virgin and St. 
 John the Baptist, by Deger, St. Peter and St. ApoUinaris with the four 
 Evangelists, by Ittenbach. — The Ckypt contains the head of the saint, in 
 a sarcophagus of the 14th cent. , surmounted by a modern figure by 
 Stephan of Cologne. In the adjoining chapel is a painted crucifix carved 
 by Veil Stoss. 
 
 Just before turning to the right to reach the church we pass a 
 finger-post indicating the way to the top of the Victoria -Berg 
 (p. 63; after 5 min. ascend to tlie right), which is reached hence 
 in 20-25 minutes, [From the Victoria-Berg we may go on by the 
 Landskron (p. 88) to Neuenahr (p. 88), a walk of 21/2 hrs.] 
 
 Railway from Remagen to Adenau, see p. 88. 
 
 Opposite Remagen, near Erpel [rail, stat.; * Weinberg, with ve- 
 randa), rises the Erpeler Lei (666 ft. above the sea, 502 ft. above 
 the Rhine), a basaltic cliff, the columns of which are thicker than 
 those of the Minderberg and Dattenberg quarries (see p. 65) ; fine 
 view from the top (ascent from the W. side, in 25 min.). Above 
 Erpel are (1.) Kasbach, at the mouth of the valley of that name, and 
 Linzhausen (Hotel Weinstock), the latter commanded by the ivy- 
 clad ruins of Ockenfels, The vines here have been destroyed by the 
 phylloxera. 
 
 1. Linz (rail, stat.; ^Weinstock, near the station, with a gar- 
 den on the Rhine, pens. 4'/2 ^y^i Hbrnerscheid. on the Rhine, well
 
 to Coblenz. HONNINGEN. 9. Route. 65 
 
 spoken of ; Nassauer Hof; Hotel Hammer stein ^ Deutscher Kaiser\ 
 an ancient town with 3270 inhab., is still partly surrounded by 
 walls and towers. The Romanesque Church of St. Martin, dating 
 from the early part of the 13th cent., with a Gothic spire and other 
 Gothic additions of the 16th cent., contains fine stained irlass and 
 an admirable winged picture of the old Cologne school (1463), 
 representing the Annunciation and Crucifixion on the outer wings, 
 the Annunciation and Coronation of the Virgin on the inner, and 
 the Nativity, Adoration, Presentation in the Temple, and Christ 
 appearing to his mother in the centre. This picture and the old 
 frescoes were restored in 1850. — Fine view from the Donatusbery, 
 or Kaiserberg, which is crowned with a chapel. The environs of 
 Linz yield good red wine. 
 
 The extensive Basalt Q,uarries of Dattenherg and the Minderherg near 
 Linz deserve inspection, especially the latter. The road to the Mindek- 
 BERG ascends the valley to the E., past the Stenterfiiitte, then to the U'ft, 
 where the quarry soon comes into view. It is a spacious hall of beautiful 
 black prismatic columns of basalt, square or hexagonal in fi)rm, some of 
 them upright, others heaped together in confused masses, each 3-10 in. 
 in diameter, and sometimes 20 ft. in length. When struck they produce 
 a clear metallic ring. The *View from the height above this quarry (1420 ft. 
 above the sea, 1256 ft. above the Rhine) is very fine. The traveller should 
 now return by the Kasbachthal (p. 64) towards the W., at the mouth of 
 which there is a tramway for the transport of the stone from the hill 
 down to the valley (guide needless). The whole excursion takes about 3 hrs. 
 
 ^The columns in the quarry of Dattenbekg, situated in a side-valley 
 about 11/2 31. above Linz, are as high as those at Minderberg, but much 
 thicker. These basalts are chiefly exported to the Lower Rhine and 
 Holland, where they are used in the construction of dykes. A wire-rope 
 railway carries the atones from the quarries to the Rhine. 
 
 r. Kripp, a small village on the Rhine, connected with Linz by 
 a floating bridge. 
 
 Between Remagen and Nieder-Breisig the Rhine describes a 
 curve which the railway and road cut off. The beautiful church of 
 (r.) Sinzig (p. 70, on the railway, IV2 M. from the river) is visible 
 from the steamboat. Behind rises the Landskron (p. 88). 
 
 We now pass (r.) the mouth of the Ahr (p. 88). The church- 
 tower of Dattenberg (see above) is next seen peeping from a ravine 
 on the left. On the same bank lie Leubsdorf with the Saalhof, 
 a small building with four turrets, anciently a royal chateau, and 
 Ariendorf. 
 
 On the left we next observe the castle of Arenfels, erected by 
 Henry of Isenburg , and named by him after his wife, a Countess 
 of Are. It is now the property of Count Westerholt, by whom it was 
 handsomely restored under the directions of Zwirner, the architect 
 of Cologne cathedral (open to visitors on Wed.). The Rittersaal contains 
 old weapons and pictures , and the grounds command beautiful 
 views. — The Malbergskopf (1290 ft. ; lV2lir- from Honningen), 
 crowned with a cross commemorating the events of 1870-71, com- 
 mands an extensive prospect. 
 
 1. Honningen (*Schloss Arenfels; also rail, stat.), at the foot of 
 
 Baedeker's Rhine. 12th Edit. 5
 
 6G Route 9. RHEINECK. From Cologne ^ 
 
 the ArenMs, and Bheinbrohl (Krone)^ witb a fine Gothic Roman 
 Catholic Church built by Statz in 1855, and a new Protestant Church 
 built in 1888 by Fr. Lang, are large villages, with 1400 and 1900 
 inhabitants, situated in a fertile plain, beyond which the mountains 
 to tlie left rise more abruptly from the river. 
 
 r. Nieder-Breisig [Bender, pens. 4 Ji^ well spoken of; Weisses 
 Boss; Rheineck, above the rail, stat., p. 70), with 1900 inhab. and 
 many pleasant villas. Near the S. end of the village stands part 
 of the Tempelhof, an old Templars' Lodge. About 1^/^ M. higher 
 ■up, a path ascends the wooded hill to the chateau of — 
 
 r. Rheineck, erected in 1832 by Herr v. Bethmann-Hollweg 
 (d. 1877) from the plans of Lassaulx and decorated with works of 
 art (frescoes by Steinle, etc.). The square tower, 65 ft. in height, 
 on the S. side, is the only relic of the old castle, erected in the 12th 
 cent., which was destroyed by the French in 1689, and by the 
 troops of the Electorate of Cologne in 1692, and finally burned in 
 1785. The knights of the castle became extinct in 1548. Fine view 
 from the garden. 
 
 On the right, the Brohlbach falls into the Rhine at BroM {Peter 
 Brohl ; Nonn; Dignet; all very fair; also railway-station), a village 
 with a new Gothic church, which extends on the hill-slope and in the 
 valley, and is the chief depot for the tuffstone quarried in the 
 Brohlthal. — Excursion through the Brohlthal to Laach, see p. 94. 
 
 1. Nieder-Hammerstein (Zwick), yielding good wine ; then Ober- 
 Hammerstein, above which rises a massive rock of grauwacke, crown- 
 ed with the ruin of Hammerstein. Emp. Henry IV. resided in tliis 
 castle for some time in 1105 when persecuted by his son Henry V., 
 and here he kept the imperial insignia till their removal by his 
 usurping successor. During the Thirty Years' War the castle was 
 successively occupied by Swedes, Spaniards, troops of Cologne, and 
 soldiers of Lorraine, and it was at length destroyed in 1660 on the 
 instigation of the Archbishop of Cologne. 
 
 On the heights, 4 M. to the E. of the Rhine, the course of the P/ahl- 
 graben^ a Roman intrenchment constructed as a protection against the 
 attacks of the Germanic tribes, is distinctly traceable, and may be followed 
 from Monrepos (p. 68) as far as the Seven Mts. (comp. p. 218). 
 
 Above (r.) Fornich rises the Fornicher Kopf (iOAO ft.), an extinct 
 
 volcano commanding a wide prospect (ascent from Brohl in 1 hr.). 
 
 r. Namedy ^ at some distance from the river, possesses a small 
 
 Gothic abbey-church of the 14th cent., bisected by a row of slender 
 
 columns, and an old mansion of the knights of Namedy, On the left 
 
 lies the large village (1500 inhab.) of Leutesdorf {*Maasberg ; Del- 
 
 veaux, unpretending; also rail, stat.), behind which rise productive 
 
 vineyards planted among the rocks. Below is an old Gothic church. 
 
 On the right rises the wooded Krahnenberg (p. 67), beyond 
 
 which the mountains confining the river recede. 
 
 r. Andernach (^■'Hackenbruch, on the Rhine, -with view, R., L., 
 & A. 2-21/2, B. 1, D. 21/2^/; Rheinischer Hof; *ScMfer, on the
 
 to Coblenz, ANDERNACH. 9. Route. 67 
 
 Schanzchen, near the Rhine, at the lower end of the town ; Glocke, 
 in the Markt, with restaurant; also rail, stat.), an ancient little 
 town with 5800 inhab. , with narrow streets , and still to a great 
 extent surrounded by its old walls, extends picturesquely along the 
 bank of the river, above which rise conspicuously the old bastion, 
 the Rheinthor, the crane , and the lofty tower at the lower end of 
 the village, while the handsome parish-church with its four towers 
 is visible in the background. Andernach was the Roman Antun- 
 nacum, or Antonaco, one of the fifty forts of Driisus. Subsequently 
 to the 6th cent, it is frequently mentioned as a royal Franconian 
 residence. In the middle ages it was an Imperial town, but was 
 taken by the Electorate of Cologne in 1496 ; in 1688 it was burned 
 by the French. 
 
 At the upper end of the town, near the Coblenzer Thor, from a 
 deep fosse, rise the ruins of the once fortified Castle of the Electors 
 of Cologne, with its handsome towers, erected in the 15th cent., 
 and destroyed by the French in 1688. — The Rathhaus, a late- 
 Gothic building of 1564, contains a few Roman antiquities, includ- 
 ing the so-called 'Jews' Bath', a cistern 42 ft. deep, 16 ft. long, 
 and 13 ft. broad. 
 
 The lofty round Watch -Tower on the Rhine, with an octagonal 
 story above, adorned with a frieze of pointed arches, was erected in 
 1451-68 and restored in 1880. The wide breach on the W. side was 
 made by the French cannonade in 1688. A little farther on, near 
 the spot where the lava millstones, tufa, trass, and other volcanic 
 products of the neighbourhood are shipped, is a picturesque Crane, 
 dating from 1554. 
 
 The Parish Church, dedicated to St. Genovefa, with its four 
 towers and richly-decorated portals, is a fine late-Romanesque edifice 
 (1206], without a transept. The still earlier choir, around which 
 runs a gallery of small columns, dates from 1120. 
 
 Over the aisles are galleries. On the vaulting of the nave are the 
 Imperial arms, with those of the town and of Hermann IV., Archbishop 
 of Cologne (d. 1508). Choir decorated in 185R. Carved wooden pulpit 
 brought in 1807 from the Abbey of Laach (p. 95). Late-Romanesque font. 
 
 The Erahnenberg may be ascended in about 25 min. either 
 from the station (turn to the left after passing under the railway, 
 then to the left again), or from the Rhine (via the Kirch -Strasse 
 at the lower end of the town and past the choir of the parish- 
 church). At the top are the restaurants *Krahnenburg (good wine) 
 and Kaiserhurg, which command beautiful views (best in the after- 
 noon). 
 
 About Vz M. inland from Andernach is the extensive Lunatic Asylum 
 of St. Thomas, once an Augustinian nunnery, with a Romanesque chapel 
 of the 12th century. 
 
 Railway from Andernach to Mayen. see p. 93. 
 
 Near the village of Irlich, on the right bank, the Wiedhach falls 
 into the Rhine. The hill rising on the opposite bank, a little inland, 
 is the Plaidter Hummerich (695 ft.). 
 
 5*
 
 68 Route 9. NEUWIED. From Cologne 
 
 1. Neuwied (* Wilder Mann, R. 2, B. 1, D. 2V2, S. 11/2^; 
 Anker, botli on the Rhine ; * Moravian Hotel, frequented by English 
 travellers, with Restaurant, good Cape wines ; Mader, at the station 
 of the right bank; railway on both banks, comp. pp. 70, 75). This 
 pleasant and thriving town, with its broad, well-built streets, was 
 founded in 1653, on the site of the village of Langendorf, which had 
 been destroyed in the Thirty Years' War, by Count Frederick of Wied, 
 who invited numerous settlers, without distinction of religion or 
 payment of money. Under his auspices the town rapidly increased. 
 The population (11,000) consists of Protestants, Roman Catholics 
 (3800), Moravian Brothers, Baptists, and Jews, who have lived to- 
 gether here in great harmony since that period. Starch, chicory, to- 
 bacco, and cigars are the principal products. The schools of Neu- 
 wied enjoy a high reputation, and are attended by pupils from Eng- 
 land as well as from all parts of Germany. A floating bridge (3pf.) 
 and a steam- ferry (5 pf.) maintain communication between the 
 two banks. 
 
 At the lower end of the town rises the spacious Palace of the 
 Prince of Wied, with its fine Park. A building near the palace- 
 gate , adjoining the street , contains a small Collection of Roman 
 Antiquities, from Niederbiber (see below). 
 
 The Moravian Brothers, also called Heniihuter from Herrnhut in 
 Saxony, where they had established themselves after their expulsion 
 from Moravia during the Thirty Years' War, occupy a separate part of 
 the town. They were originally followers of John Huss, and their number 
 increased enormously after his death. They now form a kind of religious 
 republic, having their own laws both for public and private life, w^hich 
 are administered by their elders. The gravity and austerity of their manners 
 and habits has gained for them the appellation of the Quakers of Germany. 
 The unmarried brethren live in a separate building, and carry on diflFerent 
 trades, the profits of which are devoted to the community. Fayence stoves 
 and deerskin gloves are their best manufactures. At stated seasons 'love- 
 feasts' are celebrated in the church, accompanied by singing, prayers, a 
 sermon, and tea- drinking. Their schools are well attended and in high 
 repute (visitors admitted). 
 
 ExGUKSioN FROM Neuwied TO MoNREPOs AND Altwied. From the 
 Right Rhenish station (p. 75) we proceed to (V2 M.) Heddesdorf and as- 
 cend to the left through the valley of the Wied. At the (1 M.) Rassel- 
 stein Foiindri/ walkers cross the stream and traverse the pleasant park 
 of Nollihuusen (-Restaurant), following the right bank to Segendorf, while 
 the carriage-road leads by (IV2 M.) Niederbiber. Near the latter village, the 
 church of which contains the tomb of Archbishop Count Hermann von 
 Wied (p. 77), were found extensive remains of a Roman castle, one of the 
 largest on the Rhine, which, however, is not mentioned by any Roman 
 author. The excavations "(madean 1819 and 1857) have again been covered 
 in; the objects of interest founa}here are jfreserved in the museum of Neu- 
 wied. From (IV2 M.) Segendorf a'broad road ascends in windings ; but these 
 the pedestrian may avoid by taking the footpathHto the left above Segendorf, 
 by which Monrepos is reached in 3/4 br. — Monrepos (870ft. above the 
 Rhine) , a chateau of the Prince of Wied, stands in a beautiful park 
 and commands an extensive prospect (refreshments at the Hahnhof, to 
 the W. of the chateau). Good points of view in the vicinity are the 
 (10 min.) Holzstoss and the -AUwieder Aussicht. Footpaths descend from 
 the latter in 20 min. to *Altwied (Herbst's Inn, where the key of the castle 
 is kept), commanded by the extensive ivy-clad ruins of the ancestral castle
 
 to Collem. NIEDERWERTH. 9. Route. 69 
 
 of the ancient Counts of Wied. — The min of Braunsburg, 1 hr. to the 
 N.W. of Niederbiber, commands a picturesque view. 
 
 Immediately above Nenwied, on the left, are the Hermanns- 
 hiitte, the property of Herr Krupp of Essen, and the Germania foundry. 
 On the opposite hank is the railway- station of Neuivied -Weissen- 
 ihurm (p. 70) and the village of — 
 
 r. Weissenthurm, at the N. end of whirh rises a lofty square 
 watch-tower, the extreme point of the dominions of the Electors of 
 Treves, which here adjoined those of Cologne. Above the village 
 stands an obelisk erected by the 'Sambre and Meuse army' to the 
 French General i7ocft6 , who crossed the Rhine here in 1797 and 
 shortly afterwards died suddenly at Wetzlar, at the age of 30. 
 
 Above "Weissenthurm are lime-kilns and a manufactory for pre- 
 paring the Engers stone (see below) ; then Vrmitz and Kaltenengers, 
 opposite — 
 
 1. Engevs i^Zur Romerbriicke ; Hotel-Restaurant Wettels^ oppo- 
 site the railway-station), formerly Kunostein-Engers, the ancient 
 capital of the Engersgau. The chateau, now a Prussian military 
 school, was erected in 1758byElector JohannPhilippvonWalderdorf. 
 
 Near (1.) Muhlhofen, where the Saynbach falls into the Rhine, 
 are several foundries. On a hill in the background of the valley 
 rises the ruined castle of Sayn (p. 75). 
 
 On both banks of the river here is dug up a peculiar kind of pumice- 
 stone conglomerate (p. 93). It is cut into squares, mixed with mortar, 
 and dried, and is much valued as a building material for inside walls. — 
 Traces of a Roman bridge have been found on an island here. 
 
 1. JBendor/" (railway-station, p. 76), at some distance from the 
 river ; farther up (r.), the villages of St. Sebastian and Kesselheim, 
 opposite the Niederwerth, which conceals the town of (1.) Vallen- 
 dar (p. 76). 
 
 On the long island of{\.')Nied€rwerth is a village, with a convent- 
 church built in 1500, containing a carved altar and fragments of 
 good stained glass. Edward 111. of England resided here for a short 
 time in 1337, and had several interviews with the Emp. Lewis and 
 other princes. 
 
 1. Vrbar (p. 102), surrounded with fruit-trees. 
 
 r. Wallersheim, above it Neuendorf, chiefly inhabited by rafts- 
 men. The smaller rafts generally halt here for the purpose of being 
 formed into larger, which are sometimes 800-1000 ft. in length 
 and 150-250 ft. in breadth; they are furnished with wooden huts 
 for the crew, which frequently numbers 150 men. 
 
 The steamboat now passes the base of Ehrenbreitstein , opposite 
 the influx of the Moselle , commanding a view of the picturesque 
 old Moselle bridge, and stops at Coblenz (p. 96).
 
 70 
 
 10. From Coblenz to Cologne. 
 
 Railway on the Left Bank. 
 Comp. Maps, pp. 60, 48. 
 
 56V2 M. Railway in 13/4-23/4 hrs. (fares 8 J( 20, 6.10, 4.30, or 1 J( 
 30, 5.50, 3.70J. — Railway on the Right Bank, see R. 11. 
 
 Return-tickets (for 2 days; comp. p. xv) taken on either side of the 
 river are available for the journey both going and returning on the oppo- 
 site bank, and the traveller (1st or 2nd class) may sometimes find it con- 
 venient to break his journey and cross and recross the river repeatedly. 
 The following are the corresponding stations : Biitgevbriick and Riidesheivi, 
 Niederheiinbach and Lordi , St. Goar and St. Goarshausen , Boppard and 
 Camp, Rhens and Braubach, Capellen and Niederlahnstein., Coblenz and Ehren- 
 breitstein (crossing the railway-bridge 50, 30, 20 pf. additional), Neuwied on 
 the left and Neuwied on the rigid bank, Andernach and Leutesdorf, Brohl 
 and Rheinbrohl, Kiederbreisig and Honningen, Sinzig and Linz, Remagen and 
 Erpel, Rolundseck and Honnef, Mehlem and Konigswinter , Godesberg and 
 Obercassel , Bonn and Beuel , Cologne and Deutz. Views to the right. — 
 Steamboat, see R. 9. 
 
 Coblenz^ see p. 96. As the train crosses the Moselle a fine view 
 of Ehrenbreitstein is obtained to the right. At the foot of the 
 fortified Petersberg (1.) is the pyramidal monument of Marceau 
 (p. 101). The train now traverses the extensive and fertile plain 
 which stretches from Coblenz to Andernach. At ip^/2 M.) Urmitz 
 are large stores of the Engers sandstone mentioned at p. 69. 
 
 8 M. "Neuwiei-Weissenthurm (steamb. stat., see p. 69). The 
 station is 8 min. from the Rhine, across which communication is 
 maintained by a steamer and a flying bridge with the town on the 
 opposite bank (p. 68). The train crosses the Nette, passes the lunatic 
 asylum of St. Thomas (1. ; p. 67) and reaches — 
 
 IOY2 M. Andernach (steamb. stat.), see p. 66. The station is 
 1/4 M. from the town, of which the church, the ancient tower, and 
 walls are conspicuous. (_Branch-line to Mayen, see p. 93.) Beyond 
 Andernach the train skirts the Rhine and commands a line view in 
 both directions (comp. p. 66). 
 
 Opposite (15 M.) Brohl (Brohlthal, etc., see R. 15) is the church 
 of Rheinbrohl; the train passes the foot of Schloss Eheineck and 
 (151/2 M.) Nieder-Breisig (p. 66), opposite (r.) the castle of Aren- 
 fels, and then cuts off the wide curve which the Rhine describes 
 between Nieder-Breisig and Remagen. 
 
 20^/2 M. Sinzig (*Deutsches Haus), probably the Roman -Scnfia- 
 cum, a very ancient town with 2800 inhab., still partly surrounded by 
 high walls, lies at the entrance to the Ahrthal (R. 14), l^^^- ^^om 
 the river. It was once the site of a Francouian palace, afterwards an 
 Imperial residence, which latterly belonged to the Duke of Jiilich. 
 Picturestiuely situated on a slight eminence rises the handsome 
 Parish Church, which was consecrated in 1220, a fine example of 
 the late-Romanesque style, the round arch predominating, with very 
 slightly projecting transepts , square turrets at the sides of the 
 choir, and an octagonal tower rising over the centre. The interior 
 has recently been restored and decorated. The N. transept contains
 
 GODESBERG. 10. Route. 71 
 
 a *\Vmged Picture on a gold grouud, representing the Crucifixion 
 and Ascension, and the Death of Mary, by an early Cologne master, 
 restored in 1855. At the foot of this eminence is a tasteful little 
 Gothic Chateau, built in 1858 by Statz of Cologne, the property of 
 Mr. Bunge of Antwerp, On the Helenenberg, to the S. of the town, 
 rises another country-house with pleasant grounds. 
 
 The train now crosses the insignificant Ahr, from the valley of 
 which rises the blunted cone of the Landskron (p. 88). This 
 district is extremely fertile, and is called the ^Goldene ATeW. 
 
 23 M. Remagen (_steamb. stat.) and the Apollinariskirche, see 
 pp. 63, 64. This is the station for the Ahr Valley railway (R. 14). 
 The train returns to the river here ; fine retrospect. The pecu- 
 liar stratification of the rocks is exposed to view in the railway-cut- 
 tings. The train runs close to the river, commanding a beautitul 
 view of the opposite bank and the Seven Mountains (_comp. p. 62). 
 2772 ^^- Rolandseck (^steamb. stat.; Rail. Restaurant, with 
 magnificent *View, see p. 61). In the river lies the island of 
 Nonnenwerth, a little below which rise the picturesque Drachen- 
 fels and the Seven Mts. on the opposite bank, forming the most 
 conspicuous .feature in the landscape until Bonn is reached. 
 
 The train now quits the river entirely. 307-2 M. Mehlem, the 
 station for Koniyswinter on the right bank (p. 62; ferry), is Y4 M. 
 from the Rhine. Comp. the Map, p. 79. 
 
 32 m. Godesberg. — Hotels. *Blinzler, a large establishment, with 
 .1 garden much frequented on Sun., R., L., & A. from 3, B. 1, D. 3, pens, 
 with R. 5-12 Jl; Adlki:, R., L., & A. from 2, B. 80 pf., pens, with R. 
 from 5 Jl. — Tensions Roseiiburg^ Belkvue, Giinther, etc. — "Hot.- Pension 
 Dreesen at Riingadorf (^ 2 M. to the E.i, aee p. 61. 
 
 Carriages t<» Rolandseck or Bonn, 1-2 pers., with one horse 31/2, with 
 two hijrses 4 J(. each additional pers. 75 pf. more 5 to Remagen, 7 and 
 9 J(, each addition;.l pers. i Ji. — Passengers juin the steamer, by small 
 boat, from PUttersdorf (p. 61). 
 
 English Church Service in the Chapel attached to the Chaplain's house 
 on Sun. 6 p.m. in summer, 4.30 p.m. in winter. Chaplain, Rev. G. II. 
 Weber., Rheinallee. 
 
 Godesberg, a village with 3000 inhab. , situated at the point 
 where the valley of the Rhine begins to expand, is a favourite sum- 
 mer-resort, where wealthy merchants of Cologne, Elberfeld, and 
 Crefeld have erected a number of handsome villas, surrounded by 
 pleasant gardens. The small Protestant Church, in the Romanesque 
 style, was erected by Uerr v. Rigal of Crefeld in 1857 ; another, 
 near the station, was built quite lately. The Roman Catholic Church, 
 in the Gothic style, was completed in 1862 from designs by Statz. 
 The Hydropathic Establishment is much frequented. The alkaline 
 chalybeate Stahl-Quelle, sunk afresh in 1864, at the entrance to 
 the small Gudenauer Thai, at the foot of the Draischberg , was 
 known to the Romans. 
 
 On an eminence (245ft.), 1/2^. to the N. of the station, stands 
 the Castle of Godesberg (400 ft. above the sea ; Restaur.), with a 
 handsome tower, 98 ft. high, which is ascended by 150 steps. Fine
 
 72 Route 10. BRUHL. 
 
 view from the summit. The ruin belongs to the Princess Frederick 
 Charles of Prussia. The Cemetery of the village lies within the pre- 
 cincts of the castle. 
 
 At the base of the hill a Roman colony is said once to have flourish- 
 ed, while at the summit rose a fort, supposed to have been founded by 
 the Emp. Julian (A.D. 360), and a temple of Jupiter, afterwards a Chris- 
 tian church. The castle was erected in the 13th and 14th cent, by the 
 archbishops of Cologne as a place of refuge during their frequent feuds 
 with their subjects, who on several occasions carried the war as far as 
 Bonn. In 1583 the Bavarians, fighting in support of Archbishop Ernest of 
 Bavaria against the deposed Gebhard of Waldburg, who had become a 
 Protestant, blew up the castle, which was defended by Count Adolph of 
 Neuenahr, the last of his family. The tower alone escaped destruction. 
 
 On the right , as Bonn is approached , immediately after the 
 train has crossed the Bonn and Cohlenz road, is seen the Hoch- 
 kreuz, a Gothic column 30 ft. high, erected in 1332-49 to a knight, 
 who is said to have fallen in a duel at this spot, and restored in 
 1854. On the hill to the left is the Roseuburg (p. 81), and farther 
 off the Kreuzherg (p. 81). To the right appears Bonn with its con- 
 spicuous new Protestant church and its lofty minster-tower. 
 
 36 M. Bonn (_steamb. stat.), see p. 76 ; steam-ferry to Ober- 
 cassel, see p. 73; railway to Euskirchen, see p. 183. 
 
 To the W., at a little distance from the line, is a chain of low 
 and partly-wooded hills called the Vorgebirge, on which numerous 
 villages with orchards and country-houses are situated. The last 
 vineyards in the land of the grape are now passed. Near (40 M.) 
 Roisdorf rises a mineral spring resembling that of Selters. — 44 M. 
 Sechtem. Before reaching — 
 
 471/2 M. Briihl (Pavilion; Belvedere) the train intersects the 
 park of Briihl, passing tlie chateau of Falkenlust on the right, which 
 was once a hunting-lodge of the electors, but is now private property, 
 and stops opposite the royal Palace of Briihl, a handsome building, 
 erected by Elector Clement Augustus in 1728 from the plans of 
 the French architect DeCotte. It was restored in 1842 by Frederick 
 William IV., and has since been frequently occupied by the royal 
 family. The interior is shown by the castellan. Handsome stair- 
 case. The finely -decorated halls, in a graceful rococo style, con- 
 tain old portraits of Rhenish electors and other princes. The garden 
 and park are favourite places of resort, and are always open to the 
 public. Briihl itself is a small town with 4000 inhabitants. Near 
 the station is a hydropathic establishment. 
 
 501/2 M. Kalscheuren, junction for the Eifel Railway mentioned 
 at p. 183. The crowded houses of Cologne soon come in sight. The 
 train describes a curve round part of the town, above whose ramparts 
 tower the imposing cathedral and other churches, passes iheCologne 
 South Station and West Station (p. 24), and enters the central 
 station at — 
 
 56V2 M. Cologne, see R. 3.
 
 73 
 
 11. From (Cologne) Dentz to Obercassel (Bonn) and 
 Ehrenbreitstein (Coblenz) . 
 
 Railway on the Right Bank. 
 Comp. 3faps, pp. 48, 60. 
 
 56 M. Railavat in about 3 hrs. (fares 7 »^ 30, 5.50, 3.70); quick train 
 from the Central Station at Cologne in is/* hr. (8 Jl 20, 6.10, 4.30). — 
 From Bonn by steam-ferry to Obercassel ; thence to Ehrenbreitstein in 
 11/2-2 hrs. (fares b Of AO, i J(, 2 M 80, or 4 Ui? 80, 3.60, 2.40). 
 
 The traveller bound for Coblenz should take a ticket to Ehren- 
 breitstein only, the station of which is nearer the principal hotels of 
 Coblenz than the station of the latter. The railway from Ehrenbreitstein 
 to Coblenz crosses the river above the bridge-of-boats, describing a circuit 
 of nearly 2 M. (fares 50, 30, 20 pf.). It should also be observed that all 
 the quick through-trains from Cologne to Bonn, Coblenz, Mayence, and 
 Frankfort run on the left bank of the river (R. 10). 
 
 From Cologne to (13 M.) Troisdorf, see p. 57. — 14 M. 
 Friedrich-Wilhelms-Hutte, an extensive foundry. The train crosses 
 the Sieg, and returns to the Rhine at (18 M.) Beuel {^Post ; p. 77), 
 opposite Bonn (omnibus to the ferry 20 pf.}. 
 
 201/2 ^1- Obercassel [^'Wolfsburg. -with veranda and garden, D. 
 2 .//), a thriving little town with an old church -tower and a 
 large cement-factory , lies on the Rhine amidst fruit-trees , and 
 affords pleasant summer-quarters. Well-constructed walks lead to 
 the Steinerne Hduschen (3/4 M. from the station •, fine view), the 
 quarries of the Rabenlei , Heisterhach (p. 86; 2 M.), and other 
 picturesque points in the neighbourhood. At the village of A'wdinjr- 
 hofen, 2M. to the left of the station, rises the ^nncrf (518 ft.), 
 crowned by the Fovenux- Hduschen (closed). Adjacent are extensive 
 basalt quarries. — Obercassel is connected with the Left Rhenish 
 Railway by a steam-ferry, and our train is here joined by passengers 
 from Bonn (p. 76). 
 
 221/2 M. Dollendorf is a good starting-point for excursions among 
 the Seven Mts. The station (Restaurant zur Weintraube) lies be- 
 tween the villages of Xieder-DoUendorf [Krone; Stern), on the Rhine, 
 and 06er-7)oiiendor/'(Thiebes;Frembgen's Restaurant), at the mouth 
 of the Heisterbach valley. Heisterhach (p. 86) is I1/2 ^- distant by 
 the road. Fine view from the Pfaffenrottchen. 
 
 231/2 M- Konigswinter (steamb. stat. ; p. 82) is the favourite 
 starting-point for exploring the Seven Mh. (R. 13). The station 
 lies at the lower end of the town. The valley of the Rhine now 
 contracts. The train skirts the base of the Drachenfels and runs 
 close to the river. 
 
 26 M. Rhondorf {*BeUevue, on the Rhine, pens. 5 J^ ; Drachen- 
 fels, pens. 41/2 t£ ; Wolkenburg, 4 J'/; BroeL, Thiesen, unpretend- 
 ing), a pleasant summer -resort, 1 M. to the S. of Honnef. In the 
 little church is a well-preserved tombstone, in trachyte from the 
 Drachenfels, of the last knight of the Drachenfels, with armorial 
 bearings and date 1530, brought here from the abbey of Heisterbach. 
 — From Rhondorf to the Lciwenburg, V/^ hr., see p. 87; to the
 
 74 Route 11. HONNEF. From Deutz 
 
 Drachenfels 40 min., by a bridle-path via tbe Kanzel and the Siey- 
 friedtiklippen^ indicated by a finger-post on the Liiwenburg road, 
 mentioned at p. 87; to Konigswinter 1 M. 
 
 27 M. Honnef. — Hotels. *HOtel Klein, with garden and view, 
 R., L., & A. 2-3, B. 1, D. 2V2, pens, with R. 5-6 Jf ., *Weinstock, pens. 
 41/2-5 J//; Hotel DE Bekghios, quiet, well spuken of: Zum SrEBENOEBiRGE^ 
 Hotel -Restaurant Dell, Rudesheim, Bkeuek. — Pensions: 'Schotten 
 {<d .M per day), ''Kercher (5-6 Jl)^ both with gardens; Ditjes; Damen; Villa 
 Wolfshof (5y2-6V2 Jl)\ O. Slang; Tillewein (4'/2-5 Jl)\ Eug. Just; Th. Buch- 
 bender (4 Jl). — Rheingold Restaurant, on the slope of the Reichenberg, 
 with view. — River Baths near the station. 
 
 Carriages. From the station to Honnef, for 1-2 pers., one-horse 60, 
 two-horse 80 pf., each additional pers. 25 pf. ; to Ilolandseck Ferry^ one- 
 horse I'/i, two-horse 1^/4 Jl\ to Kdnigswinter IV2 or 2 Jl, there and back 
 21 '2 or 3 J<if; to the Margarethenhof i^/2 or Q Jf-^ to the Loicenburger Hof 
 6V2 or 9 M. there and back 9 or 12 Uif ; for half-a-day 7 or 12, whole day 
 12 or 20 M. 
 
 Boats to Rolandseck or to Konigswinter 2 Jl. 
 
 Honnef, a scattered village with 4600 iuliab., lies 8/4 M. to the 
 left of the railway, in a luxuriantly fertile plain, about 3 M. long 
 and 1 M. broad, which extends between the S.W. base of the Seven 
 Mts. and the Rhine. It is one of the pleasantest and sunniest spots 
 on the Rhine , being sheltered from the N. and E. winds by the 
 Seven Mts., and surrounded by vineyards and orchards. Like Rhon- 
 dorf and Rheinbreitbach, it has increased considerably within the 
 last few years, and owing to its genial climate and pretty scenery 
 has become a favourite resort from early spring to late autumn. A 
 number of pleasant villas, some of which are let to visitors, have 
 lately sprung up here and at the adjacent villages of Sellhof, Beuel, 
 Bondorf, a.iidi Rommersdorf. By the church is a monument in mem- 
 ory to the soldiers who fell in 1870-71. 
 
 Environs. Beautiful walks lead to the Annathal, the Augusthofie, the 
 Moosfiiitte. and the Rheingold (see above). One of the pleasantest excur- 
 sions (2 hrs.) is as follows: by the farm of Zicklenburg to Menzenbevg 
 (on the slope of the hill is grown the best red wine of the district), 
 past the large Hager-Hof, l)y a footpath to Rheinbreitbach (p. G2), and 
 back by the road to Honnef. Other excursions: by Menzenberg to the 
 Eager Koppelchen (}/•> hr. 5 fine view); over the Heidenkamm to the Haa- 
 nenburg (8/4 hr.), the tower of which commands a fine view; to the 
 (1 hr.) Ltiberg (1140 ft.), a basaltic hill commanding a beautiful view, the 
 way to which is indicated by a guide-post at the S. end of Honnef; to 
 the Finkenberg, with a view-tower, near Beuel, etc. 
 
 From Honnef to the Lowenburg, IV2 hr., see p. 87. 
 
 In the Rhine, co the right, lie the islands of Nonnenwerth and 
 Grafenwerth; on the opposite bank are the picturesque arched ruin 
 of Rolandseck and the village of that name. The village of Rhein- 
 breitbach (p. 62) is next passed, opposite which is Oberwinter. At 
 (24 M.) TJnkel (p. 63) the train quits the fertile plain which lies at 
 the foot of the Seven Mts., and passes Erpel, opposite to which lies 
 Remayen with the elegant ApolLinariskirche (pp. 63, 64). 
 
 34 M. Linz (steamb. stat.; p. 64) lies opposite the mouth of the 
 Ahr, above which, alittle inland, rises the handsome church of /Smzi*/- 
 The train next passes Leubsdorf, Schloss ArenfeLs, and Ariendorf.
 
 to Ehrenbreitstein. SAYN. 11. Route. 75 
 
 Opposite (38 M.) Honningen (p . 65) is Nieder-Breisig, a little above 
 which rises SchlossRheineck. The trainpasses (40 M.) Rheinbrohl, with 
 its Gothic church (opposite the Brohl Valley, p. 94), and Nieder- and 
 Ober-Hammerstein, at the base of the Hammerstein. On the opposite 
 bank, a little above (431/2 M.) Leutesdorf (jg. 66), the picturesque 
 and ancient town of Andernach (p. 66), with its round tower and 
 handsome church in the background, comes into sight. The valley 
 of the Rhine expands ; the train crosses the Wied, skirts the park 
 of the Prime of Wied, and stops at — 
 
 47 M. Neuwied (steamb. stat. ; p. 68). The station is ^/o M. to 
 the E. of the town. The train now runs inland and traverses an 
 extensive plain, but returns to the river at the next station. 
 
 491/2 ^^- Engers (p. 69), the junction for the line to Alten- 
 kin-heu and Limburg. 
 
 From Engers to Hachenbukg, 47 M., railway in 41/2 hrs. (4 Ji 60, 
 3 J( iO pf.) — The line crosses the Saynbach, and ascends the left bank 
 of the stream. 
 
 1^/4 M. Sayn (Friedrichsberg), with extensive iron-works belonging 
 to Herr Krupp of Essen, and a chatean and park of Prince Sayn-Witt- 
 genstein-Sayn, commanded by the ruined castle of Sayn, has a population 
 of 1000. — Schloss Sayn (generally shown on Sun. and Thurs., l-o p.m.; 
 proceeds of admission-fee devoted to charity ; the attendant also expects 
 a trilling fee) is handsomely fitted up and contains a good collection of 
 modern pictures and sculptures, and a colossal wooden figure of Henry III. 
 of Sayn , originally belonging to his sarcophagus in the neighbouring 
 ablfcy of Sayn, of which he was the founder. The Chapel, a tasteful 
 modern Gothic structure, with a crypt, contains a figure of Christ in 
 ivory, said to be by Giovanni da Bologna, and stained glass from 3Iunich. — 
 The pretty Park lies on the slope of the hill, on which are situated the 
 extensive ruins of the old Castle erected in the 10th cent, and destroyed 
 by the French in the Thirty Years' War, the ancestral seat of the once 
 powerful counts of Sayn. On the slope of the hill are the ruined castles 
 of Stein and Kei/enberg. — About 2 M. to the N. of Sayn, beyond the 
 united villages of Heimbach and Weiss, are the ruins of the ancient abbey 
 of Rommersdorf, with fine cloisters and chapter-house, erected about 1200, 
 now the property of the Duke of Aremberg, and used as farm-buildings. 
 
 Beyond a tunnel we have a fine view of Sayn, with its chateau and 
 ruined castle to the left. The train now ascends the picturesque Brex- 
 bachthal, over numerous viaducts and through several tunnels. To the 
 left, before Grenzau, is the ruined castle of Isenburg, the ancient seat of 
 a still-existing fumily. 
 
 From (71 ■> M.) Grenzau a branch-line runs to (l^/* M.) Hohr-Grenz- 
 hausen. The station lies on the boundary between the two villages, in 
 which earthenware, both useful and ornamental, has been manufactured 
 for centurius. The Vienna Exhibition of 1873 brought the ware of this 
 district into modern notice. The large factory of Merkelbach d- Wick is 
 situated near the station. The Ceramic School, with an interesting ex- 
 hibition, and ~ Miillenbach' s Inn are both in Hohr. — We may return to 
 the Rhine on foot; to Vallendar (p. 76), 33/4 M. 
 
 IOV2 31. Ransbach, a village with 1300 inhab., carrying on the manu- 
 facture of whetstones, made of '^axos emery' imported from Greece and 
 Asia Minor. — A steep incline leads hence to (13V2 M.) Siershahn, whence 
 a line to Limburg diverges (p. 200). 
 
 171/2 M. Sellers. The train nuw enters the valley of the Holzbac/i. 
 The next stations are Marienrachdorf, Dierdorf, with a chateau and park 
 of Prince Wied, Ranbach, with the large paper-mill of Hedwigsthal, Pu- 
 derbach, Seifen, and Neilersen. 
 
 40 M. Altenkirchen ( Luyken; Weissgerber), an industrial village on the
 
 76 Route 12, BONN. Hotels. 
 
 Wied, with l500inhal)., near which^ the French under General Kleber de- 
 feated the Austrians in 1796. It is the junction of a line to Hadamar and 
 Limburg (see p. 200j. — 42 M. Ingerbach; 441/2 M. Hattert. 
 
 47 M. Hachenburg C Krone; Nassauer Hof), a town of 1600 inbab,, with 
 a chateau of Prince Sayn , built in the lijth , and restored in the 17th 
 century, containing the interesting Sayn-Wittgeustein Museum (small fee 
 devoted to charities). About l-*/4 M. to theN.W. is the former Cistercian 
 conveut of Marienstatt^ founded in 1222 by Heinrich III. of Sayn. The 
 church was restored in 1891 and the convent is now occupied by Cister- 
 cian monks from Bregen/. 
 
 50 '/2 ^1- "Bendiorf (Nassauischer Ho fj^ a small town ^vith 4500 
 iuhab., situated amidst orcliards 3/^ M. to the E. of the line, witli 
 an interesting Romanesque church and several lunatic asylums. 
 
 53 1/2 M. Vallendar (Anker; Restaur. Grenzhduser), a busy little 
 town with 3800 inhab. who carry on a brisk river-trafflc, lies on an 
 arm of the Rhine opposite the island of Niederwerth (p. 09). On the 
 banks of the river are large depots of the iiohr pottery (see below). 
 On a height above the town stands the handsome Churchy built in 
 1839 on the site of an older cliurch said to have been founded in 
 836, with a tower of the 15th cent. ; it contains some stained glass, 
 representing the Madonna enthroned, designed by Hess. Weiters- 
 burg, on the hill V2 M. to the N. of Vallendar, commands a beau- 
 tiful view of the Rhine with its islands and its banks from An- 
 dernach to Coblenz. About halfway up the hill is a summer-house 
 of the Vallendar Casino, to which visitors are admitted. 
 
 A little farther on, a picturesque view is obtained of the towers 
 of Coblenz and the mouth of the Moselle. The station at Ehrenbreit- 
 stein (p. 96) lies at the foot of the precipitous rock on which the 
 fortress is situated. 
 
 12. Bonn. 
 
 Hotels (Plan, p. 80). *Goldnek Stekn (PI. a: B, 4), in the market- 
 place, R. & L. from 3 Ji, A. 60 pf., B. 1.20, D. 3 Jl; 'Royal Hotel (PI. 
 b; A, 4j, Cobleuzer-Str. 11, with a garden on the Rhine, R. 3-4, L. & A. 
 60 pf., 1). S^l-z, pens, with R. from 7 Ji \ these two of the first class, — 
 'Hotel Kley (PI. d; B, 5), Coblenzer-Str. 1, R., L., & A. 3-4, B. 1, I). 
 2^/2 J(^ with a garden on the Rhine ; Hotel du Nord, Quantius-Str. 1, at 
 the corner of the Poppelsdorfer Allee, near the station, R., L., & A. 2-3, 
 1^.21/2, pens. 4-6 Jl^, well spoken of; Rheineck (PI. e;B, 5), on the Rhine, 
 R- IV2-2V2, I>. 21/2 J'/: Mlnster, Miinster-Platz 2, R, L., B., & A.2V8^i 
 Kkonprinz, Hotel Hamburger Restaurant, both opposite the station j 
 RuEiNiscuER HoF (PI. f; C, 4) and Schwan (PI. g;C, 4), both in the Stern- 
 Strasse, near the market, are good second-class inns^ Sonne, Wenzel- 
 gasse 42, R. &. B. 21/2-3, D. IV2 Jl. — At Poppehdorf: Hotel k Restaur. 
 Jagerhof. — Pensions. Mrs. Thomas, Colmaut-Str. 33; Luhrmann^ Evan- 
 gelische- Kirch -8tr. 3; Schliiier, Poppelsdorfer Allee 40, pens. 0-8 Jf ., 
 Zilles^ Cublenzer-Str. 27, b-%Jls Heet, Veuusberger Weg; Schmitz^ Dechen- 
 Strasse 5; Beenken, Arndt-Str. 16 (4-6 Jl). 
 
 Restaurants. ' Perrin , Wenzelgasse 50; Viehho/er , Vierecks-Platz , 
 Badenheuer, Miinster-Platz, both with good cuisine and wine-, Clouth, Sand- 
 kaul 13 (once the house of A. W. vou Schlegel). — Cafes. '*Tewele, at the 
 station; Schorr enbroich, Markt 5 (also a confectioner's). — Beer. -Qoldner 
 Bahn, in the Dreieck (PI. C, 4); *Rheingold^ in the Markt; Voss, Wenzel- 
 gasse 54 ; Hamburger Rettaurant, Brenner^ Kronprinz^ Kaiserhalle, all near 
 the station. 
 
 Bathing Establishments on the Rhine, above the town, with swim-
 
 History. BONN. 12. Route. 77 
 
 ming (40 pf.) and warm baths. There are also warm-baths at the Bonner 
 Badeanstalt. at the entrance of the Baumschnler Allee. 
 
 Tramway from the station throneh the town to the end of the Cob- 
 lenzer-Str. and to Poppelsdorf fp. 8(0. — Steam Tramway to Godesberg 
 opened in 1S92. — Steam Ferry to Beuel (p. 73). 
 
 Cabs. Per drive in the town, 1-2 pers. GO pf., each additional pci.t. 
 25 pf., box 10 pf. i per V4 hr. 50 of., with two horses 65 pf. To Poppels- 
 dorf 75 pf., with two horses 1 J(, each pers. beyond two, 25 pf. more; 
 to Godesbera 2V2 or 3 Jf, each pers. more than two, 50 pf. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Office (PI. 21), ^liinster-Platz. 
 
 English Church Service in the University Church (p. 79) on Sun. 11 a.m. 
 and Wed. 4.30 v.m. ; Rei: 0. H. Weber (also at Gode«bergr, p. 71). 
 
 Chief Attractions. Miinster (p. 79), Monument of Beethoven (p. 79)-, view 
 from the Alte Zoll (p. 80) ; walk to Poppelsdorf (p. 80). 
 
 Bonn^ a town vnth 40,000 Inhab. , the seat of a university 
 founded in 1818 and attended by about 1300 students, is pleasantly 
 situated on the W. bank of the Rhine, at the N. entrance to the 
 narrower and more picturesque part of the valley of the river. It 
 has recently become a very prosperous place, and a favourite resi- 
 dence of English and other visitors. The pleasant villas with their 
 gardens on the Rhine, situated on the Coblenzer-Strasse above the 
 town, the shady promenades of the Hofgarten, the Poppelsdorfer 
 Allee, and the view from the Alte Zoll, all contribute to render the 
 town very attractive, while the fine towers of the Miinster and the 
 new Protestant church also enhance the general effect. Communi- 
 cation with the village of Beuel, on the riiht bank of the Rhine, is 
 maintained by means of a floating bridge and a small steamer. 
 
 Bonn , the Bonna , or Castra Bonnensia of the Romans , frequently 
 mentioned by Tacitus, and probably founded by Drusus, was one of the first 
 Roman fortresses on the Rhine, and the headquarters of several legions. 
 The Roman Castrum, which was very extensive, stood near the end of the 
 modern Steinweg or Heerweg, at the Wichelshof, to the N. of the town , aa 
 is proved by excavations made in 1818 and by recent investisations. In 
 the middle ages Bonn was a place of little importance until 1267, when 
 the Archbishop of Cologne transferred his residence and seat of govern- 
 ment hither (comp. p. 27). The German kings, Frederick of Austria 
 (1314) and Charles IV. (1346), were crowned in the Miinster. 
 
 The Protestant tendencies of Hermann of Wied and Gebhard of 
 Waldburg, Archbishops of Cologne in the 16th cent., principally mani- 
 fested by the latter in his marriage with the nun Agnes of Mansfeld, for 
 which he was declared an apostate and banished from his Electorate, brought 
 Bonn into great trouble. In the Dutch War of Independence, in the 
 Thirty Years" War, and especially in the Spanish War of Succession, Bonn 
 suffered repeatedly from sieges. That of 1689 was conducted by Elector 
 Frederick III. of Brandenburg (King Frederick I.) at the head of the Impe- 
 rial and allied troops. Marlborough and other celebrated generals took 
 part about the same time in the operations against the town. The walls 
 were levelled in 1717, in accordance with the Peace of Rastatt. — Under 
 the Electors of the 18th cent. Bonn was very prosperous, and one of 
 them in 1777 founded an Academy , elevated to a University seven years 
 later by Emperor Joseph II. On 7th Oct., 1794, the French marched into 
 the town, and in 1797 the university was closed. 
 
 Under the French Bonn suffered much , and its population decreased 
 from 9500 to 7500, but since its recovery by the Prussians in 1815 and the 
 foundation of the Friedrich-Wilhelm University it has gradually revived. 
 Among the celebrities of the latter are B. G. Niebuhr, F. M. Arndt, A.W. 
 von Schlegel, Argelander, Welcker, Ritschl, Diez, Simrock, Lasfen, 
 Dahlmann, etc.
 
 78 Route 12. BONN. 
 
 University. 
 
 The Railway Station (PI. B, 3) was built in 1883-85 after plans 
 by Viereck and Uiiger. 
 
 The Post-Strasse leads direct from the station to the MUnster- 
 Platz (_P1. B, C, 31, which is embellished with a bronze *Statue 
 of Beethoven (PI. 4), executed by Hcinel of Dresden and inau- 
 gurated in presence of Queen Victoria in 1845. The great com- 
 poser (1770-1827) was born in the Beethovenhaus, the back-building 
 of the house No. 20 Bonngasse (PI. 5 ; C 4). The house has been 
 bought by several admirers of the master, and is now fitted up 
 as a Beethoven Museum. His father was a tenor-singer, and his 
 grandfather (a native of Antwerp) band-master to the Elector. No. 7 
 Rheingasse, to which Beethoven's parents removed after his birth, 
 also bears an inscription. 
 
 The Munster (PI. 12 ; B, 3), a cruciform church with two choirs, 
 four small towers, and a lofty octagonal principal tower over the cross- 
 ing, is an imposing and picturesque example of the late-Roma- 
 nesque style. It was formerly an archdeanery of St. Cassius and St. 
 Florentius, and, like many Rhenish churches, traces its foundation 
 to Constantine. The W. part of the crypt and the part of the 
 church above it date from the 11th, the choir from the middle of 
 the 12th, and the nave, transept, and chief tower from the 13th 
 century. The building has recently been carefully restored. 
 
 The Inteeiob is remarkable for its handsome proportions. It contains 
 a bronze statue of St. Helena, the mother of Constantine, in a manner- 
 ed style, cast at Rome in 1756; two bas-reliefs representing the Nativity 
 and Baptism of Christ over the altars in the nave and transept to the 
 right, well -executed Italian works of the 17th or 18th century. Near 
 the chief portal is the Sarcophagus of Archbishop Engelbert von Falken- 
 burg fd. 1274). The old Crript and the remains of medipeval paintings 
 (alst) in the chapter-hall) are interesting. The E. choir contains a picture 
 in rao«aic from Geiges' designs; the stained-glass windows are by Linne- 
 mann and Geiges. 
 
 The ancient Chapter House adjoining the church is now the par- 
 sonage. Cloisters^ with pillars possessing beautiful capitals, of the 
 12th century. The Milnsterschule , built in the Romanesque style 
 in 1885-86, was designed by Lemcke. 
 
 The busiest point of the town is the triangular Market Place 
 (PI. B, C, 4), to which the principal streets of the old town con- 
 verge. In the centre of it rises a Fountain Column, erected by 
 the citizens in 1777 in honour of the last but one of the Electors 
 of Cologne. The Rathhaus (PI. 22), with its lofty flight of steps, 
 was completed in 1782. — The Gothic Minoritenkirehe (PI. 14; 
 C, 4) has cloisters of the beginning of the 14th century and modern 
 paintings by Diisseldorf artists. 
 
 The University Buildings (PI, B, 4, 5), originally the electoral 
 Palace, erected in 1717-1730, and partly rebuilt after a fire in 
 1777, occupy the S. side of the town. They are well fitted up and 
 contain the Lecture Rooms (with the exception of the agricul- 
 tural and most of the medical), the Library (PI. 6) of 220,000 vols.,
 
 Museum. BONN. 12. Route. 79 
 
 adorned with busts of Niebuhr, Schlegel, Arndt, etc., a Museum 
 of Antiquities (see below) , the Physical Institute^ the Ophthalmic 
 Institute, and the rich Palaontological Museum, particularly interest- 
 ing with regard to the Rhineland. The Aula or hall (keys kept by 
 the head-porter, xinder the arcades to the left ; 75 pf .) is adorned 
 with frescoes emblematical of the four faculties, executed by Corne- 
 lius's pupils, Torster, Gotzenberger, and Hermann. The 'theology' 
 was begun by Cornelius himself in 1824. The old chapel of the 
 Electoral palace is now a Protestant place of worship (Church of 
 England service, see p. 77). 
 
 The Museum of Antiquities fadm. in summer on Sat. 2-4 free, at other 
 times by applying to the custodian, who expects a fee; catalogue 2 Jf) 
 is an interesting collectiun of monuments and other objects, mainly of the 
 Roman period, found in the Rhenish province and Westphalia, some of 
 them being from the excavations at the Wichelshof (p. 60). The most 
 interesting are the votive tablets to Mevcnrius Arvernus C^os. 19, 20), to 
 Hercules Saxanus (21-24), to the Germano- Celtic maternal deities (28 62), 
 and to the Teutonic goddesses Alateivia (63) and Hludana (64, 67); Votive 
 stone of a legate, with a metrical account of his official career; 60-70. 
 Mithras Reliefs; *fe2. Tomb -relief of a centurion and his two freedmen, 
 who fell at the battle of the Teutoburgian Forest Chellmn Vavianuni ) ; 
 98. Relief of a Roman standard-bearer; 225. Relief of the flight of Iphi- 
 geneia; Fragments of a Roman wall with frescoes of the battles of the 
 Amazons; 204. Mosaic portrait of an Abbot ofLaach; smaller Roman and 
 Franconian antiquities. 
 
 Passing through the Coblenzer-Thor, which intersects the E. 
 wing of the university (PI. B, 4), and has its facade adorned ex- 
 ternally with a figure of the Archangel Michael, we reach the newest 
 quarter of the town, called the Coblenzee-Strassb, which skirts the 
 E. side of the Hofgarten (PI. A, B, 4) with its fine old avenues, 
 and consists of hotels, villas surrounded by gardens, and other hand- 
 some buildings. Next the Royal Hotel, No. 9 in this street, is the 
 Villa Obernier (PI. 26; A, 5; adm. Sun. & Wed. 11-1, free; at 
 other times 50 pf.), containing a collection of modern pictures and 
 a few sculptures, bequeathed to the town by Prof. Obernier (d. 1882). 
 Fine view of the Rhine and Seven Mts. — No. 75 Fahrgasse, the 
 second cross-street to the left, was the residence of the poet Arndt, 
 who died here in 1860 (see below). 
 
 In the centre of the Hofgarten rises the "^Academic Mnseniu of Art 
 (PI. A, 4), optn free on Mon., Wed. and Frid. 2-4, at other times, 
 fee (custodian in the central block, next the Coblenzer-Str.). The 
 museum, founded by F. G. Welcker, the eminent antiquarian, con- 
 tains one of the oldest and finest collections of Casts in Germany 
 and a few *Original Antiquities. 
 
 Among the original Greek works are the celebrated marble Hermae, 
 with heads of Sophocles, Hurpides, Aristophanes, and Menander. There are 
 also terracotta figurines from .Asia Minor. Greece (Tanagra). Sicilv, and 
 Italy; and a number of Greek vases. — The Casts are arranged so as to 
 illustrate the develoimtnt ' f Greek sculpture. The rt tunda at the entrarce 
 contains a cast of the entire frieze frcm Pbigaleia : also of the Euhuleus of 
 Praxiteles fat one door) and of tfce Stcinhauser Head of Apollo (at the 
 < ther). The right coiridor is devoted to a choice cdlection of Egyptian 
 art of all epochs; the left corridor is to be ( ccupied by Asiatic works of art.
 
 80 Route. 12. BONN. Poppelsdorf. 
 
 On the W. side of the garden rises the Protestant Church 
 (PI. 181, a Gothic edifice of brick, erected hy Dieckhof in 1866-71, 
 with a lofty tower. — The mod ern- Gothic Herz-Jesw-^iro/ic (PI. 17; 
 A, 4) contains good stained glass, designed by Steinle. 
 
 Close to the Coblenz Gate is the entrance to the Alte Zoll 
 (PI. 1), an old bastion on the bank of the Rhine, commanding a 
 fine *View of the river and its opposite bank, including Beuel, 
 Bensberg, Siegburg, and the Seven Mts. In the centre is a Mon- 
 ument (PI. 3; B, 5) to the poet Ernst Moritz Amdt (1769-1860), 
 in bronze. The figure leans with the left hand on a trunk of oak, 
 whilst the right points towards the Rhine. The two French guns 
 here, captured in the late war, were presented by Emp. William I. 
 An inclined plane descends from the Alte Zoll to the Rhine, which 
 is skirted by a promenade. 
 
 The Poppelsdorfer Allee (PI. A, 2), the principal promenade of 
 the town, a quadruple avenue of beautiful horse-chestnuts, ^2 M. 
 long, and flanked with handsome villas and gardens, leads from the 
 Kaiser-Platz, adjoining the Hofgarten and the University, towards 
 the W. to the Poppelsdorfer Schloss. At the end next the town it 
 is crossed by the railway. Farther on, to the left, a little back from 
 the avenue, is the handsome Observatory (PL 23; A, 2), erected in 
 1839-46 under the superintendence of Prof. Argelander (d. 1875). 
 
 The collections of the Provincial Museum are at present ex- 
 hibited in the neighbouring Baumschuler Allee No. 34 (PI. B, 2). 
 They consist chiefly of antiquities discovered in the Rhine province, 
 but include also a few mediaeval and modern objects of interest. 
 
 Roman stone-monuments. Objects found in Roman and Franconian 
 tombs at Andernacb and Meckenheim-, large collection of black Franconian 
 goblets with inscriptions ; gold ornaments from Waldalgesheim (in an iron 
 casket of the loth cent.); fine enamels and engraved glass; valuable collec- 
 tion of Roman glass ; a Fas diatretum; Etruscan bronze vessels, clasps, 
 keys, etc. Winged altar-piece by Meister Wilhelm of Cologne (p. 27). \-{ 
 
 The Poppelsdorfer Schloss (PI. A, 1), formerly a residence of 
 the Electors, erected in 1715-46, and presented to the university 
 in 1818, now contains the Natural History Collections, except the 
 palaeontological section (p. 79). Adm. Sun. & Wed. 2-4 p.m. free; 
 on other days 9-1 (in winter 10-1) by tickets (30 pf.) issued at the 
 trustee office. 
 
 The Collection of Minerals and Fossils, originated by Prof. Noggerath 
 and arranged by Prof. G. vom Rath, is particularly worthy of inspection, 
 as the specimens illustrate the geology of the Seven Mts. (R. 13) and 
 Eifel (R. 26). It was enriched in 1875 by the purchase (for 144,000 Jf) 
 of the collection of Dr. Krantz. The *■ GrottensaaV , fitted up in the time 
 of the Electors, contains mining - models and also reliefs of the Rhine, 
 Seven Mts., &c. 
 
 The Botanical Garden adjoining the palace (open Mon., Wed. 
 and Frid. from 2 p.m. ; the hot-houses on Wed. afternoons) is well 
 kept and contains a palm-house and extensive hot-houses. 
 
 To the N. of the Poppelsdorfer Schloss rises the Chemical Labo- 
 ratory (PI. A, 1), erected in 1868 from^designs by Dieckhoff and the
 
 G«?ogr«tp"h.. Anatalt -KjiL 1:16000 
 
 Meter "Wagner e Debea^Xeipzig.
 
 r^^^7]?^m
 
 Cemetery. BONN. 12. Route. 81 
 
 chemist Hofmann (d. 1892), one of the most extensive and best 
 organised in the world. Behind it is the handsome Anatomy Buil- 
 ding (PI. 2 ; A, B, 1), designed by Neumann, and completed in 1872. 
 Ill the vicinity are the Physiological Institute, and the extensive buil- 
 dings of the Agricultural Academy . — WesseVs Porcelain and Stone- 
 ware Factory, employing 1000 workmen, dates its origin from a por- 
 celain factory established by the Elector Clemens August in 1755. 
 
 Above Poppelsdorf, V2 ^I- from the Schloss , rises the Kreuzberg 
 (400 ft. above the sea-level), crowned with a conspicuous white church. 
 It originally belonged to a monastery erected by Elector Ferdinand of 
 Havaria in 1627, and contains the 'Holy Steps' of Italian marble (in the 
 chapel behind the altar), constructed about 1750. These steps, 28 in 
 number, are an imitaticn of the Scala Santa at the Lateran, and must be 
 ascended only on the knees. Beautiful view from the tower. 
 
 Kessenich, a village with pleasant country-houses, about IV2 M. from 
 Bonn, is reached by a road diverging from the middle of the Poppelsdorf 
 Avenue to the left. About 1/2 M. outside the town is the large play-ground 
 of the Bonn Ice-club, with Restaur, (adm. free). On the slope of the Vor- 
 yebirge{\>. 12), immediately above it, rises the. Hosenburg, a small chateau 
 with pretty grounds. The Casselsruhe, on the summit of the Venutberg 
 (Restaurant), higher up, commands a charming -View of Godesberg, the 
 Seven Mts., etc. Beyond the gorge are the drill -ground and rille- ranges 
 of the Bonn garnison. New footpaths lead along the lower hills to Godes- 
 berg (p. 71) and through the Melbthal (rustic inn) to Poppelsdorf. An- 
 other pleasant walk may be taken to Endenich, where there is an asylum 
 for the insane, situated Vs M. to the W. of Poppelsdorf. 
 
 The Old Cemetery (PI. D, 2, 3), 1/4 M. from the Stemthor, is 
 the resting-place of many eminent men, chiefly professors at the 
 university, and is also worthy of a visit on account of its handsome 
 monuments, including a bronze memorial of the war of 1870-71. 
 
 By the wall on the right, Monument of Niebuhr (d. 1831), erected by 
 Fred. William IV. to his 'teacher and friend' 5 in front a relief in marble 
 by Ranch, representing Niebuhr and his wife, being a copy of an ancient 
 Roman tomb-relief preserved in the hall of the busts at the Vatican. Farther 
 along the same walk, on the right, the monuments of Ernst von Schiller 
 (d. 1841), the second son, and Charlotte von Lengefeld (d. 1826), widow of 
 the poet. Xear the circular space is the monument of the brothers Bois- 
 ser^e, the famous connoisseurs of art (Melchior d. 1851, Sulpice d. 1854), 
 a relief in marble with a head of Christ, by Rauch. The little CVfr/^e/in the 
 middle of the cemetery, a graceful late-Romanesque structure, built at Ra- 
 mersdorf (p. 60) about the year 1200, was transferred thence to its present 
 site in 1847. It C(mtain3 stained glass presented by the Boisser^es. Near 
 the chapel are the graves of Schumann (d. 1856), the composer, with a 
 *3Ionument by Donndorf, erected in 1880, of Argelander (d. 1876), the astro- 
 nomer, Dahlmann (d. 1860), the historian, Welcker (d. 1863), the archaeo- 
 logist, and Karl Simrock (d. 1876), the poet. The monument of the poet 
 Arndt (d. 1860), is close to the N. wall of the cemetery. By the S. wall is 
 that of Baron Bunsen (d. 1860) and his .wife. The Warriors' Monument 
 for 1870-71 was designed by Kiippers. 
 
 To the N. of the town, near the Koln-Thor, are the new Stifts- 
 kirche (PI. 16) and the large Hospital of St. John (PL 10; D, 5), 
 is the new University Clinical Institute (PI. D, 5), with the 
 Pathological Institute, built^at a cost of 150,000 I., on an elevated 
 enclosed site. — Outside the Koln-Thor are the Provincial Lunatic 
 Asylum^ the Hussar Barracks, and (1^2 M.) the New Cemetery. 
 
 Bakdekek's Rhine. 12th Edit. g
 
 82 
 
 13. The Seven Mountains (SiehengeUrge). 
 
 One day suffices to explore the most interesting points in this rlistrict, 
 unless the visit be for geological purposes. Konigswinter (a station on the 
 Right Rhenish railway, and connected through Mehlem, on the opposite 
 bank, with the Left Rhenish Railway; also a steamboat -station and a 
 station on the Zahnradbahn to the top" of the Drachcnfels and the Peters- 
 berg) is the usual starting-point, but Rhondor/, Bonne/, or Dollendorf, 
 stations on the Right Rhenish line, may in some cases be more convenient. 
 The Vei-schonerungsverein fur das Siebengebirge, a society founded in 187o, 
 with its headquarters at Bonn, has done much towards facilitating access to 
 the fine scenery of this district by the construction of paths and the erection 
 of finger-posts and benches. 
 
 "Walkers from Konigswinter to the Drachenfels take ^/\ hr. ; thence to 
 the Great Oelberg i^/^ hr. ; and to Heisterbach I1/4 hr. more; back to Konigs- 
 winter in ^Ia hr., or to Nieder-Bollendorf in 1/2 hr. — From Honnef to 
 the Lowenburg 11/4 hr. ; thence to the Great Oelberg IV4 hr., and via Heister- 
 bach to Konigswinter as above. In this case the Drachenfels is ascended 
 last, from Konigswinter. — From Nieder-Dollendorf the excursion is the 
 same as the first-mentioned, but in the reverse direction. 
 
 Carriages, Horses, and Donkeys at Konigswinter, see below: at Honnef, 
 see p. 74. The whole tour from Konigswinter to Heisterbach and the Afar- 
 garethenhof (hence on foot to the Oelberg , V2 hr.), and thence either 
 to the Drachenfels or by the Lowenburger Hof to Honnef may now be ac- 
 complished by carriage. 
 
 The heights given in the following description are calculated from the 
 level of the sea; the approximate height above the Rhine is obtained by 
 subtracting 160 ft. Geologists who understand German should purchase 
 Dr. V. Dechen's 'Geognostischer Fiihrer in das Siebengebirge', with map, 
 7 ^, published by Cohen at Bonn. 
 
 The *Seven Mountains, which form the N.W. termination of the 
 Westerwald district, extend 3 M. inland from the Rhine, and from 
 N. to S. about 9 M., Konigswinter being the central point on the W. 
 Th^y consist of a group of peaks, cones, and long, rounded ridges, 
 some of which are covered with forest and luxuriant herbage. They are 
 all of volcanic character and consist partly of trachyte (Drachenfels, 
 Wolkenburg, Lohrherg), and partly of basalt , a more recent forma- 
 tion (^Oelberg, Nonnenstromberg, Petersberg'), while the Lowenburg 
 is of dolerite. These seven peaks, from which the mountains derive 
 their name , are seen simultaneously only in the neighbourhood 
 of Cologne ; as Bonn is approached, the Lowenburg is hidden by 
 the Nonnenstromberg. Besides these summits there are many 
 others, such as the conical Hemmerich, of trachyte, which overtops 
 the lower mountains of the S. side, the Rosenau, and the Stenzel- 
 berg, which adjoins the Nonnenstromberg on the S. 
 
 Konigswinter. — Hotels. 'Edeopean Hotel, 'Berlin Hotel, both op- 
 posite the pier, with garden-terraces, R., L., & A. 3, B. 1, D.?>Jl. — *H6t.- 
 Kkstalr. Mattbjin, at the upper end of the town, 1/3 M. from the pier, 
 with garden- terrace on the Rhine, R., L., A., ii B. 3, D. 21/2, pens, with 
 R. from 6 Jl; Hotel Rieffel, in the principal street, R. & B. 2 J( 50 pf., 
 pens. 5 J(. — KoLNEE Hof, with terrace facing the river, above the steam- 
 boat-pier, R. & B, 2 Ulf 80 pf., pens. 5 Jf, well spoken of; Dusseldorfer 
 Hof, on the Rhine, lower down than the large hotels, well spoken of; 
 Hotel & Restaurant Bockhalle, Haupt-Str., less pretentious, D. IV2 Jf, 
 pens. 4 Ulf,well spoken of. — Pensions : Bonn''s, Kirch's, and others, at the 
 ujiper end of the village. 
 
 Wine. Beltinghansen, on the Rhine, with a large garden-hall ; Wimer-
 
 KONIGSWINTER. 13. Route. 83 
 
 Verein or Vintage Club (p. 88), in the Kirch-Str., near the Drachenfels 
 railway. — Beer iu the ground-floor of the European Hotel (see above); 
 Bockhalle, Klein, both in the main street. — Cafe and Confectioner: Mertens. 
 in the main street, below the Roman Catholic church. 
 
 Zahnradbahnen, or Rack and Pinion Railtoai/s, to the top of the Dvachen- 
 /(Sfe (p. 84) and of the Ptttrsberg (p. 86). In summer there are 18 trains 
 daily, with accommodation for 50-lUO passengers -, fare to the top 1 J(, down 
 50 pf. The ascent takes lU-12 minute^. The starting-point of the Drachen- 
 fels line is at the foot of the hill, a little more than '/4 M. from the station 
 of the Rhenish railway or the steamboat - quay ; the starting-point of the 
 Petersberg line is '/2 M. from the railway-station, and nearly 1 M. from 
 the pier. 
 
 Carriages. From the station to the town, for 1 pei-s., one-horse 60, 
 two-horse 70 pf., each pers, additional 20 or 25 pf., luggage 25 pf. ; to the 
 Dmchenfels 4 or 572 Uif, there and back within 3 hrs., B'/z »r 71/2 Jt't Mar- 
 garethenhof 51/2 or 7 Jif; Heisterbach S'/z or 5 M. there and back 5 or 
 l^/-iJt-i Lowenburg via Heisterbach 6 or 8, by the new road 5 or 6V2, 
 there and back 71/2, 10, 6V2, or 8 .i^ : Honne/ l^A or 2V2 JL there and 
 back within 3 hrs. 3 or 4 ulf; drive through the Seven Mts. via Heister- 
 bach, Margarethenhof, and Honnef (5 hrs.). with two horses, 18 Ulf. 
 
 Donkeys and Horses. To the Drachenfels by the new road, donkey 
 IV2, horse l^,\Jt, by the old road 1V4 or V/^Ji:, Wolkenburg unA Drachen- 
 fels 2 or 2V2 Jf ", Drachenfels, Wolkenhurg, and Hirschberg 2^1-i ov 6 Jl ; 
 Heisterbach IV2 ox 2 Jl\ Lowenburg 2^,-i or 3 Jl; Oelberg 2V2 or ^ Ji :, 
 whole day b or ^ Jl; after sunset V2 ot V Jl extra in all cases. 
 
 Small Boat tu Rolandseck, 21/2 Ji ; to Plittersdorf, 2 Jt. 
 
 Konigswinter (165 ft.), a thriving little modern town with 3300 
 inhab., is the best starting-point for a visit to the Seven Mountains, 
 at the foot of which it lies, and is consequently much thronged by 
 tourists in summer. It possesses extensive stone-cutting yards, which 
 prepared much of the stone used in building Cologne Cathedral. 
 The railway-station lies at the lower end of the town , and beyond 
 its precincts. A pleasant walk extends along the bank of the Rhine. 
 At the upper end of the town is a Monument erected in commem- 
 oration of the war of 1870-71. 
 
 AscEKT OF THE Drachenfels (carriages in waiting at the sta- 
 tion). The new road crosses the railway and coincides for some 
 distance with that to the Oelberg (p. 85 ) ; it then turns to the 
 right, past several handsome villas, and skirts the Hirschberg (p. 85) 
 to the saddle between it and the Wolkenburg, where the road to the 
 Oelberg (p. 85) diverges to the left. It then passes a monument 
 erected in 1892 to H. v. Dechen (d. 1889), the eminent geologist and 
 explorer of the Seven Mts. (p. 82), aud ascends in a curve to the 
 terrace. Walkers turn to the left on leaving the railway-station 
 (finger-post), follow the direction of the railway, and cross the road ; 
 after 5 min. the path joins that from the Rhine and reaches the 
 station of the mountain-railway (see below). — Other pleasant paths 
 ascend by the Saurenberg or through the pretty NachtigaUenthal. 
 quitting the Drachenfels road where it turns to the left, 200 paces 
 beyond the railway. The way through the Nachtigallenthal is that 
 to the left; after 5 min. it crosses a bridge to the right. At the 
 Kuckstein (p. 84), both unite with the bridle-path. 
 
 The traveller arriving by Steamboat passes between the two 
 
 6*
 
 84 Route 13. DRACHENFELS. TJie Seven 
 
 chief hotels and to the left of the Church and District Court, crosses 
 the railway, and soon reaches the station of the Zahnradbahn, or 
 rack-and-pinion railway, and the donkey-station at the foot of the 
 hill. Walkers follow the bridle-path on the side of the rock next to 
 the Khine, leading in ^/4hr., partly through wood, to the terrace near 
 the top. Several cabarets by tlie wayside: (10 min.) Zur Schonen 
 Aussicht, on the right, and Zur Drachenburg , on the left ; farther 
 on Zum Kuckstein (020 ft.), a little below which our path is joined 
 by that over the Saurenberg, and a little above by that through the 
 Nachtigallcnthal (recommended to those returning to the railway- 
 station). The path then skirts the rack-and-pinion railway, passes 
 the handsome Gothic chateau of * Drachenburg, the property of Baron 
 von Sarter, built in 1883 by Tiishaus and Abbema, and elaborately 
 decorated within with frescoes and stained glass, and ascends the 
 wooded AV. slope of the hill to the top (^/^ hr. from Konigswinter). 
 
 The easiest mode of ascending the Drachenfels, however, is now 
 afforded by the Mountain Railway, constructed on the same sys- 
 tem as that at the Rigi and opened in 1883 (fares, see p. 83). It 
 ascends the hill in an almost straight line and approaches the top, 
 like the road, on the side farthest from the Rhine. Its length is 
 1662 yds. and its rise 740 ft. ; the steepest gradient is 1 : 5. The 
 viaduct halfway up affords a good view of the Drachenburg. 
 
 The Terrace (970 ft. ; *Inn, R. 21/2-3, B. 1, D. 3 J^; post and 
 telegraph office) , a levelled rocky plateau about 100 ft. below the 
 summit, is embellished with a Gothic Obelisk commemorating the 
 patriotic spirit of the Rhinelanders in the years 1813-15, designed 
 by Zwirner and erected in 1857. From the veranda^ of the inn a 
 series of steps descends to the bridle-path to Rhondorf (p. 74). 
 
 The castle of *Drachenfels (1065 ft.), or 'dragon's rock', 8 min. 
 above the terrace, was erected by Arnold, Archbishop of Cologne, at 
 the beginning of the 12th cent. , bestowed by him on the Cassius 
 Monastery at Bonn in 1149, and held as a fief from the latter by the 
 counts of the castle. Henry, Count of Drachenfels (d. 1348), fur- 
 nished the chapter of the cathedral of Cologne with the stone for its 
 construction from a quarry whicli still bears the name oi Dombruch, 
 or cathedral quarry. In the Thirty Years'War the half-ruined castle 
 was occupied by the Swedes , but was besieged and taken from 
 them by Duke Ferdinand of Bavaria, Elector of Cologne, who 
 completed its destruction. 
 
 The Cavern among the vineyards, visible from the Rhine about 
 halfway up the hiU, is said once to have housed the dragon, slain 
 by Siegfried, the hero from the Low Countries, who, having bathed 
 himself in its blood, became invulnerable (the wine grown here is 
 known as 'Drachenblut, or dragon's blood). 
 
 ■View. The summit commands one of the noblest prospects on the 
 Rhine-, to the E. are seen several of the seven peaks, S.E. the basaltic 
 heights behind Honnef, among them the Minderherg (p. 65), and the Hem- 
 mcrich (p. 80), .sloping down to the Rhine, immediately below lie Rhirn-
 
 Mountains. ffiLBERG. 13. Route. 85 
 
 dorf, Honnef, Rbeinbreitbach, Unkel, and Erpcl; on the left bank Rcmagen 
 and the Gothic church on ihe Apollinari>berg, in the background the heights 
 of the Eifel wiih the ruin of Olbriick (p. 95), in the vicinity Obervvinter, 
 the islands of Orafenweith and Xonnenwerth, and the arched ruin of Ro- 
 landseck. Farther to the right the Kreuzberg, Bonn, and even Cologne 
 are visible. 
 
 'The castled crag of Dracbenfels 
 Frowns o"er the wide and winding Rhine, 
 Whose breast of waters broadly swells 
 Between the banks which bear the vine; 
 And hills all rich with blossomd trees, 
 And fields which promise corn and wine 
 And scattered cities crowning these. 
 Whose far white walls along them shine, 
 Have strewd a scene which I should see 
 With double joy wert thou with me/ 
 
 Bi/ron ('Childe Harold'). 
 
 The trachyte hill of the Wolkenburg (1085 ft.l, to the E. of 
 the Drachenfels, was also once crowned by a stronghold, wich has 
 long since been demolished to make way for the extensive quarries 
 of granite which have been worked here for centuries (access for- 
 bidden). 
 
 The Hirschberg(835ft.), crowned with a belvedere, commands 
 a beautiful view of the Khine and the valley enclosed by the Seven 
 Mts. The footpath diverges from the road in the saddle between 
 the Hirschberg and the Wolkenburg, about 200 paces before the 
 point where the Drachenfels and Oelberg roads separate, and reaches 
 the summit in V4 hour. 
 
 Fbom the Drachenfels to the Great Oelberg (13/^ hr.). The 
 carriage-road, which affords a series of charming views, diverges 
 from the Drachenfels road in the saddle between the Wolken- 
 burg and the Hirschberg (595 ft. ; see p. 83), about 1 M. from the 
 Drachenfels, and then leads in windings along the Schallerbenj , 
 Geisberg, and Lohrberg to the saddle (1095 ft.) between the latter 
 hill and the top of the Oelberg, where it is joined by the roads 
 from Kunigswinter fl'/o tr., ascent 2 hrs.), from Heisterbach (see 
 below), and from the Lowenburg (p. 87). On the saddle are two 
 good inns, the Margareihenhof and the new *H6tel-Rest(iurant 
 Sophienhof (D. 1 .// 80; pens, at both 4 Jf). On a cross near the 
 Margarethenhof is a relief of St. Margaretha and the dragon. 
 
 Just beyond the Margarethenhof, between the two carriage-roads, 
 a stone guide-post indicates a footpath to the top of the Oelberg. 
 This path follows the road, which leads to the basalt quarries (see 
 below), for some distance, and then diverges again to the left. The 
 top of the Oelberg is reached in i;.2 hr. 
 
 The *Great Oelberg (15^20 ft. ; Restaurant, plain) is a basaltic 
 cone which has been upheaved through the trachyte. The prospect 
 from the summit is the most extensive on the lower Rhine; the pict- 
 uresque foreground differs in many respects from that seen from the 
 Drachenfels. The whole wooded tract of the Seven Mts. lies like a 
 map before the spectator; the Rhine glitters between the valleys
 
 ob Route 13. HETSTERBACH. The Seven 
 
 which intersect its banks, and its conrse may be traced as far as 
 Cologne; in the distance to the 8. the Taunus, and N.E. the 
 heights near Diisseldorf. The basalt quarries on the E. side of the 
 Oelberg are now tlie most important in the Seven Mountains, and 
 are interesting for the curious displacement of the basaltic columns, 
 which are visible to a height of 100 ft. 
 
 From the Grkat Oelbbrg to Heisterbach. Tn descending, 
 a few minutes' walk from the top, we reach a finger-post on the 
 path by which we ascended, indicating the way to Konigswinter 
 and Heisterbach. After 10 min. this path joins the road from the 
 Margarethenhof to Heisterbach, from which, farther on, footpaths 
 to Konigswinter, the Nonnenstromberg, and Petersberg diverge to 
 the left, and a shorter path to Heisterbach to the right. To the 
 left rise the Rosenau (1060 ft.) and Nonnenstromberg (1105 ft.); to 
 the right, the Stenzelberg (945 ft.), with extensive trachyte quarries. 
 
 In 50 min. after leaving the top of the Oelberg we reach the 
 ^ Heisterbacher ManteV, a beautiful valley in which are situated the 
 remains of the venerable Cistercian Abbey of Heisterbach (475 ft.). 
 The gate still bears the arms of the abbey, a Heister (young beech) 
 and a Bach (brook) ; at the side stand St. Benedict and St. Bernard 
 as guardians. Of the magnificent abbey-church, erected in the tran- 
 sition-style in 1202-33, the end of the choir, with its slender ba- 
 saltic pillars, is alone extant, forming a singularly picturesque ruin. 
 The abbey itself was sold and almost entirely removed in the year 
 1806. Some of the finest old German pictures in the Pinakothek at 
 Munich were brought from Heisterbach. The abbey-lands now be- 
 long to Count zur Lippe (refreshments at the farm). — The road 
 passing Heisterbach terminates at (IV2 M-) Dollendorf (railway- 
 station, p. 73). 
 
 Fkom Heisterhach to the Petersbeug (1/2 hr.)- Outside the gate we 
 I'olluw the road ascending to the right till beyond the Kilometre-stone 8,3 
 and then ascend the footpath to the right (several finger-posts). 
 
 From Heisterbach to Konigsavinter. A well-trodden path 
 leads from the gate of the abbey to the left, and then along the slope 
 of the Petersberg, passing below the wire-rope railway which connects 
 the basalt quarries on the Petersberg with the road near Dollendorf, 
 through wood and finally vineyards , and reaches Konigswinter in 
 40 minutes. [In the reverse direction, we follow the Drachenfels 
 road to a point 40 paces beyond the railway-crossing, where a finger- 
 post on the left indicates the way to Heisterbach.] 
 
 From Konigswinter to thb Peteesberg. The starting point 
 of the Zahnrddbahn (rack-and-pinion railway, p. 85) is at the foot 
 of the hill, about ^2 ^I- from the Eight Rhenish rail, station (follow 
 the railway to the left, cross it to the left by a broad road, farther 
 on to the left again; comp. the Map). The line is 1330 yds. in 
 length and the average gradient is 1 : 5 (maximum 1 : 4). It ascends 
 at first through vineyards, and farther up is driven through the rocks. 
 
 The top of the *Petersb8rg (1095 ft.), on which there are a
 
 Mountains. LOWENBURG. 13. Route. 87 
 
 ohapel and a Hotel >S' Restaurant, affords from tlie different points, 
 which may be reached by a path skirting the margin of the exten- 
 sive plateau, various splendid views of the Rhine, the valley sur- 
 rounded by the Drachenfels, Wolkenburg, Lohrberg, and Oelberg, 
 and to the X. of the Lower Rhenish plain with Cologne Cathedral 
 and of the Bergish hills. 
 
 Frum the play -ground S.E. of the restaurant a finger-poat shows the 
 way to Heisterbach, Liiwenburg and to Kdnigswinter, Drachenfels. The 
 path crosses the railway and then divides into several branches (finger- 
 posts). The footpath to the Oelberg and the Liiwenburg joins in about 
 '20 min at the Kilometre-stone l,o the road from Heisterbach to the Mar- 
 garethenhof; comp. p. 86. 
 
 The LowBNBURG is usually ascended from Honnef or Rhondorf. 
 From Sonne/" a carriage-road ascends through the wooded Schmelzer- 
 thal or Asbacher-Thal. then to the left along the Einsitterbach to the 
 Lowenburger Hof in 2 hrs. — The shortest way for walkers (l* ^hr. ) 
 leads through Rommersdorf and along the brook. At the second 
 bench the shorter way leads to the right ; that to the left skirts the 
 Breiberg (see below; finger-posts). 
 
 From Rhondorf (p. 73 ; cross the bridge to the right of the rail- 
 way-station, then turn to the left through the village) a broad 
 bridle-path ascends through the narrow valley flanked on the N. by 
 the heights of the Wolkenburg, the Schallerberg (1005 ft.), and 
 Geisberg (1080 ft.), and on the S. by the broad Breiberg (see below), 
 to the (11/4 hr.) Lowenburger So/" (1180ft.), a forester's house with 
 a restaurant, whence the top is attained after a somewhat steep 
 ascent of 15-20 minutes. 
 
 The Lowenburg (1505 ft.), a wooded peak of dolerite, is crown- 
 ed with a stone pyramid, marking the site of an ancient castle, un- 
 inliabited even in the early 16th cent., which had to be levelled 
 in 1881, to forestall a threatened collapse. 
 
 For the descent the beautiful shady path may be recommended, 
 which leads from the Lowenburger Hof to the (1/2 hr.) Grosse Brei- 
 berg (1040 ft. ; *View). Thence in 1^2 ^r. to the left to Honnef, to 
 the right to Rhondorf. 
 
 From the Lowexburg to the Great Oelberg. From the 
 Lowenburger Hof a road, forming the continuation of the road from 
 Honnef, leads towards the N. along the E. slope of the Lohrberg 
 (1440 ft.). After 10 min. a finger-post on the left indicates the path 
 to the summit of the Lohrberg, which may be reached in 10 min. 
 (tower with view). The road reaches the Margarethenhof (comp. 
 p. 85) in 25 min. more. 
 
 14. Valley of the Ahr. 
 
 Comp. Map., p. 92. 
 The Ahr rises at Blankenheim (p. 184) in the Eifel, traverses a wind- 
 ing, picturesque, and generally narrow valley, 54 M. Lmg, and falls into 
 the Rhine below Sinzig. The river is always rapid and often overflows 
 its banks in rainy weather. — The full-Qavoared, dark -red wines produ -
 
 88 Route 14. NEUENAHR. Ahr Valley. 
 
 ced by the vineyards of the Ahr, which in good seasons yield upwards of 
 600,000 gallons (the host are those of Walporzheim., A/incciler, and Bodeii- 
 dorf), are still termed '■ AhrhleicherC , although the name signifies 'pale red 
 wine of the Ahr\ It was formerly customary, after pressing the grapes, 
 to draw off the juice immediately, before fermentation set in. The wine 
 thus prepared was of a pink colour. The French plan of allowing fermen- 
 tation to begin beiore the separation of the juice from the skins has however 
 long been in vogue, and the dark-red colour is the result. At the principal 
 places in the .^hr valley the Win/.er-Vereine, or Vintage Clubs, have estab- 
 lished good taverns, where the wine is supplied either in its native purity, 
 or with the percentage of added sugar stated. 
 
 From Remagrx to A]>enau, 26 M., railway in about 21/4 hrs. 
 (fares 3 Jf 40, 2.60, 1.70 pf.); to Altenahr in about IV4 hr. 
 (fares 2, 1.50, 1 Jl; return 3 .//T, 2.30, 1.50 _pf.). 
 
 liemagen, see p. 63. — The train describes a circuit round the 
 Victoria-Berg and enters the fruitful and well-cultivated district at 
 the mouth of the Ahr, known as the 'Goldene MeiV. 3 M. Boden- 
 dorf (Scholing)^ a village about IV2 M. from Sinzig (p. 701. the 
 church of which is descried to the left. Farther on we obtain & 
 view to the left of the wooded hills on the right bank of the Ahr. 
 Along the river grow large quantities of willows, which are used for 
 basket-making. 
 
 The train now skirts the Landskron (910 ft.), a lofty basaltic 
 hill, which may be ascended in Vo hr. either from Lohrsdorf (^3it its 
 S.E. base, I'/q M. from Bodendorf) or from Heppinyen (to the W., 
 11/2 M. from Neuenahr). 
 
 The castle on the summit is said to have been founded in 1205 by 
 Emp. Philip of Hohcnstaufen, when on his way to be crowned at Aix-la- 
 Chapelle, for the purpose of keeping in check the hostile Archbishop 
 Bruno of Cologne. It was destroyed by the French in 1677 and again in 
 16S2 by Elector William of Cologne. The richly-endowed Chapel on the 
 S.W. side of the summit has been spared ; a basaltic grotto serves as a 
 sacristy. Near it is a quantity of massive basalt, overlying columnar ba- 
 salt. The view embraces the Ahrthal from Ahrweiler to the Rhine, the 
 higher peaks of the Seven Mts., to the S. a portion of the Eifel with the 
 castle of Olbriick, and to the W. the ruin of Tomberg near 3Ieckenheim. 
 
 At the W. base of the Landskron are the Heppinger- and the 
 Landskroner-Mineralquelle , two refreshing springs , impregnated 
 with carbonic acid gas. The Apollinarisbrunnen, a similar spring, 
 situated a little farther up the valley, is the property of the Kreuz- 
 berg family and rented by an English company (p. 631, ^^hich has 
 made its name familiar throughout the -world. About 50,000 bottles 
 are filled daily, and 750,000 are despatched every month to Ame- 
 rica alone. The water is conveyed to London directly by ships 
 belonging' to the company. 
 
 5 M. Heimersheim (Mohren, at the station), with ancient walls 
 and towers, and a small, but handsome church which, with its oc- 
 tagonal tower over the centre of the transept, closely resembles that of 
 Sinzig. Choir richly adorned. Stained glassof the early-Gothic period. 
 
 61/4 M. Neuenahr. —Hotels. On the right bank of the Ahr: *Cur- 
 HAUS, with 150 apartments, post and telegraph-office, baths in a building on 
 the E. side; *Victobia, B. IV4, D. 3 Jl, *Concordia, E., L.,«1' A. 21/2-4, B. 
 1, D. 21/2, pens, with R. 6^/; Heimes, Martahilk, pens. 3-6u5fj Walbvr-
 
 Ahr Valley. AHRWEILER. Id. Route, 89 
 
 GissTiFT, pens. iyzJl.;, the?e three unpretending. On the left hank of the 
 Ahr, near the station: *Rheinischer Hof; Flora; Karl Schroder's; Hotel 
 DE Hollande; Krone; Germaxia, these all well spoken of; Traube, 
 Franke, unpretending. Private apartments may also he procured. 
 
 Cafes. Beilevue. Johannisherg^ hoth with fiardens and view. — Ilestau- 
 rant. Stem, with heds. — Wine-Room of the Wimer-Terein (p. 88), near 
 the 'stati'in. 
 
 Donkey lo Burg Keiienahr, 1 ^, there and hack i Ji lb pf. ; lo the 
 Lani^skron, 1 U!f 20 pf. and 2 Jt-., horse dearer. 
 
 Carriages. From the station to the village, 1 pers. 60, each additional 
 pers. 3*3 pf. To "Walporzheim, etc., same charges as at Ahrweiler. 
 
 Neuenahr, a flourishing modern watering-place, containing 2000 
 inhab. and visited "by 3000 patients yearly, consists of two formerly 
 separate villages, Wadenheim, on the left bank of the Ahr, with the 
 railway-station, the post-office, and the Protestant church, andBeul, 
 on the right bank, with the Curhaus and the Roman Catholic church. 
 The water of the five copious thermal springs (86-104° Fahr.), resem- 
 bling that of Ems, is a weak solution of carbonate of soda, with an 
 insignificant admixture of carbonate of magnesia and carbonate of 
 lime, and strongly impregnated with carbonic acid. The most im- 
 portant of all is the Grosse Sprudel, discovered in 1861. It occasion- 
 ally rises in a thick jet, 8- 10 ft. in height. The springs are beneficial 
 in cases of chronic catarrh, derangement of the pulmonary and diges- 
 tive organs, enlargement of the liver, and uric acid diathesis. The 
 climate of Neuenahr is admirably suited for lung-diseases of a non- 
 irritable nature. Pleasant walks surround the Curhaus and extend 
 along the stream. A road near the Victoria Hotel and a footpath at 
 the Roman Catholic church ascend to the top of the wooded basaltic 
 hill which is crowned with the scanty ruins of the Castle of Neuen- 
 ahr, built by Otto von Are about 1226. The Are family became ex- 
 tinct in 1353, and the castle then came into the hands of the 
 Knights of Rodesberg, who afterwards assumed the title Count of 
 Neuen-Are. It was destroyed in 1371 by Archbishop Siegfried of 
 Cologne with the help of the inhabitants of Ahrweiler. The small 
 tower at the top commands a fine view. 
 
 Beyond Neuenahr the train passes Hemmessem and Bocliem. 
 
 8 M. Ahrweiler. — Hotels. *Sterk; *Drei Kronen, with garden, R. 
 L., & A. 11/2-2 Jf, V,. go pf., D. 2, pens, with R. i-Q Jf ; Deutscher Hof. — 
 Resiauranf Strasshnrger Hof, with rooms to let; Winzer-Vevein {^. 88), near 
 the Walporzheimer Thor. 
 
 Carriage TariflF. From the station to the town. 1 pers. 60, each ad- 
 ditional pers. 30 pf.; to the Calvan'enherg i Jf, each addit. pers. 40 pf.; 
 to Walporzhefm, Marienthal ^ ot Neuenahr, one-horse (for 1-3 pers.) I'/z, 
 two-horse (4-5 pers.) l^jiJl: to Jlfenahr oorljf, there and back spen- 
 ding the whole dav 10 or 1.3, passing the night 14 or IS Jf; to the Laacher 
 See 13 or 16 Ji, there and back 17 or 22 J(. 
 
 Ahrweiler (340 ft.) is a thriving little town with 4500 inhab.. 
 surrounded by old walls with wellpreserved gates, and carrying on 
 an active trade in wine. In the middle ages it belonced to the 
 Electorate of Cologne, and was repeatedly besieged during the fend 
 between the chapter of the cathedral, to which" it adhered, and
 
 90 Route 14. WALPORZHEIM; Ahr Valley. 
 
 the deposed archbishops. In 1646 and 1680 the town was besieged 
 by the French, by whom in 1689 it was entirely burned with the 
 exception of ten houses. The Gothic Church of St. Lawrence^ foun- 
 ded in 1245, dates partly from the 14th and the end of the 15th 
 century. Fine view from the Cnlvarienberff, a rocky height ^-2 M. 
 to the S. , on the right bank of the Ahr, crowned with a Franciscan 
 monastery, dating from 1678, but occupied since 1838 by a girls' 
 school managed by Ursuline nuns. A pleasant walk may be taken 
 from the Calvarienberg via the Steinthalskopf and through the Gets- 
 bachthal and Heckenbachihal to (1^/4 hr.l "Walporzheim. 
 The railway skirts the old walls of Ahrweiler on the S. 
 91/2 M. Walporzheim {St. Peter ^ with garden , good wine ; 
 St. Joseph or Winzer-Verein), a place (380 inhab.) mentioned under 
 the name of Walpredeshoven in a document of 893, and long cele- 
 brated for its wine. This village lies at the beginning of the 
 narrower part of the Ahr Valley, which is well-suited for walkers 
 as far as (2-272 ^irs.) Altenahr. 
 
 The railway and road now enter a rocky ravine, flanked by jagged 
 and riven cliffs of slate ; on the left rushes the Ahr, on the right 
 rises an almost perpendicular black wall of slate-rock, from which a 
 single ridge called the 'Bunte KuK projects. At the top is a small 
 inn, which commands an admirable view, especially by evening- 
 light, and may be reached in Y2 ^i^. either from Ahrweiler or Wal- 
 porzheim. The railway crosses and recrosses the stream. On the 
 left bank , adjoining the road, are the ivy-clad ruins of the nun- 
 nery of Marienthal^ near the hamlet of that name. 
 
 111/2 M' Dernau (*Brenig, plain), below the railway-station. 
 The valley again contracts, and the Ahr winds through a wild, rocky 
 district. The road follows the left bank of the stream, passing op- 
 posite the precipitous cliff on the top of which stand the fragments 
 of the Saffenburg (845 ft.), the view from which is picturesque, 
 although limited. The castle was captured by the French in 1702 
 and destroyed by the Imperial troops in 1704. The railway passes 
 through a tunnel beneath the Saffenburg, crosses the river, and 
 reaches — 
 
 131/2 M- Mayschoss (Inn of the Winzer-Verein, at the station). 
 A bridge leads to the village, which lies on the left bank. 
 
 The railway once more crosses the Ahr. At the Lochmilhle 
 (^2 M. from Maysohoss; *Inn) both the road and the railway enter 
 a deep cutting through the projecting grauwacke cliffs of the Guck- 
 ley, which may be ascended by steps from the Lochmilhle. 
 
 We next pass the hamlets of Laach and Reimerzhofen, at the 
 latter of which, 1 M. from the Lochmilhle, pedestrians should ascend 
 a path through the vineyards to the right to (1/4 hr.) the Weisse 
 Kreuz (see below ; paths through the vineyards are closed from the 
 end of August till the middle of October). The railway crosses the 
 river beyond Laach, but after ascending a steep gradient, returns to
 
 Ahr Valley. ALTENAHR. U. Route. 91 
 
 tlie left bank by means of a bridge, 275 ft. long and 56 ft. high, and 
 side by side with the road enters a short tunnel, by which the circuit 
 of 172^- described by the valley is cut off. The river is again 
 crossed before Altenahr is reached. 
 
 15 M. Altenahr. - Hotels. *Caspari, R., L., <fe a. 2 J(-2 Jf 80, D. 3, 
 pens. 5-6 Jf--, *Kheinischeu Hof, with garden on the Ahr, R. & B. 2V2, 
 D. 2»2.4f; both about 4 min. from the station-, *Post, at the station, with 
 small garden and view. — Hotel of the Winzee-Vekein R. &. B. 2 U/, well 
 spoken of: Weisses Kreuz, plain. 
 
 Altenahr (345 ft.), with 760 inhab., situated amidst very pict- 
 uresque scenery, is the final goal of most visitors to the Ahr Valley, 
 and in summer, especially on Sundays, it is often unpleasantly 
 crowded. The bridge, on the road from the station to the village, 
 commands a lovely prospect, both upstream and downstream. The 
 prettily-situated Romanesque church has a Gothic choir. 
 
 A broad path, beginning opposite the Hotel Caspari, ascends to 
 (8-10 min.) the *Castle of Altenahr (950 ft. ; adm. 30-50 pf.), the 
 ruins of which are perched on a bold, jagged cliff, rising immed- 
 iately above the village. This was once the seat of the powerful 
 Counts of the Are and afterwards of the Counts of Hochstaden, of 
 whose elder branch Conrad, Archbishop of Cologne, the founder of 
 the cathedral of Cologne in 1248, was the last scion. The castle, 
 which is said to have existed as early as the 10th cent., was con- 
 siderably strengthened by the Electors of Cologne in the 14th and 
 15th ; it fell into the hands of the French in 1672 and again in 1690, 
 and was finally destroyed in consequence of the Peace of Utrecht 
 (1714). — The view from the Weisse Kreuz, on a rocky ridge to 
 the N. of the castle, on the footpath between Reimerzhofen (see 
 above) and Altenahr, surpasses that from the castle, as the latter it- 
 self forms the foreground of the landscape. The ascent to the Weisse 
 Kreuz from Altenahr also begins with the broad path mentioned above. 
 
 A similar view may be obtained from the Engelsley (only recently 
 made accessible), to the S. of the castle. The ascent is made from the 
 lower end of the tunnel through which the high-road pastes (see above). — 
 Another fine point of view is the "Horn (1320 ft.) We follow the road 
 to (3/4 M.) Altenburg, then !turn to the left, and, after 100 paces, take the 
 footpath to the right and ascend to (^4 hr.) the pavilion on the top. We 
 may return either to the E. via Laach (p. 90; V/2 hr.), or to the 8. via 
 Denn and Briick (see below). 
 
 Other points of view are the Kalenborner Hohe (Inn), 3 M. from Alten- 
 ahr on the road to Meckenheim (p. 183), and the Hasenherg (1590 ft.), near 
 Ober-Krdhlingen, 41/2 BI. to the X.W. of Altenburg. Near the latter, at 
 I'ellen, are the Hochthiirme (1495 ft.) and the Heidengarten, both surrounded 
 with basaltic blocks. 
 
 The railway continues to ascend the Ahr Valley, crossing and 
 recrossing the river at the cliffs known as the Teufelsloch (to the 
 right) and the Altenburg (to the left; see above). On a bold emi- 
 nence to the right, between the valleys of the Vischeler Bach and 
 Sahrhach, rises the chateau of Herr von Boselager, opposite which 
 lies the manor of Kreuzberg. Once more returning to the right bank, 
 the train passes the village of Piitzfeld, and reaches —
 
 92 Route U. ADENAU. 
 
 171/2 M. Briick (Linden, poor), at the entrance to the Kesselinyer 
 Thai. 
 
 In the Kesselinger Thai, with fine rocky scenery, a road ascends to 
 (2/3 Jf-^ Denn, were the path from the Horn descends (see above\ and the 
 path to the Hohe Acht mentioned below diverges to the S., and (2 M.) 
 Kesseling. Here the road forks : to the right to Wddenbach^ Herschbach, and 
 (5'/2 JK-, about 3 hrs\ walk from Briick) Kaltenhorji fLangenfeld's Inn); 
 thencej to the Hohe Acht (see selow), ^jt-i hr. — The footpath leading to 
 the S. from Denn, and ascending the Dennthal, another valley with pict- 
 uresque rockv scenery, is preferable. Farther on, it leads through mea- 
 dows and fine woods to the Hohe Warth (20oO ft. ; on the right) and past 
 the foresters house of Hohe Acht (Ufmts.) to the top of the Hohe Acht 
 (see below ; about 31/2 hrs.). 
 
 The river is crossed and recrossed. — 19V2 M. fionnin^en (Sur- 
 ges, poor"). Beyond Liers (3 M. up the Lierser Thai rises the 
 picturesque ruin of Wenzherg) we reach — 
 
 22 M. Bilmpelfeld (Osterspai) , where the high-road forks, the 
 W. branch ascending the Ahr Valley, the S. branch that of Adenau. 
 
 The road that continues hence throno:h the Ahr Valley leads by Ivsel, 
 the picturesquely -situated (2 M.) Sc/<uld, the (2 M.) Laufenhacher Hof 
 (Inn), and Fuchs'hofen to the O/2 M.) Waaholder Hof and (S/4 M.) Antweiler 
 (Xeubusch: Brenig), a hamlet lying 2/4 M. to the N. of Milsch, on the road 
 from Adenau to Blankenbeim. "— From the two last we may ascend in 
 11 '4 hr. to the top of the Aremberg, a basaltic cone crowned with the 
 ruins of the ancestral castle of the Dukes of Aremberg and a view 
 tower, 50 ft. high (key kept by the burgoma-'ter at Antweiler). 
 
 The railway and high-road now quit the Ahr Valley, and ascend 
 that of the Adenauer Bach, via Nieder-Adenau and Leimhach. 
 
 26 M. Adenau (950 ft. ; Halher Mond; Krone, Wildes Schwein, 
 both well spoken of), on both banks of the stream, the principal 
 place of the district, with 1500 inhabitants. The parish-church, 
 dating from the 11th cent., but subsequently completely altered, 
 has a rectangular choir and a late-Gothic carved^high-altar. 
 
 Near the village rise the two highest peaks of the Eifel. Abi)ut4V-jM. 
 to the E., and reached by the new road up the Exbachthal, is the *Hohe 
 Acht (24n5ft.), which commands an extensive view over the Eifel as far 
 as the mountains of the Rhine, and on the N. even to the cathedral of 
 Cologne. At the. top is a small refuge-hut, the key of which is kept at the 
 forester's (see above), to the left, before reaching the top. — About 4V2 M. 
 to the 8. of Adenau rises the steep Niirburg (2180 ft.), surmounted by a 
 ruined castle mentioned as early as 943. with a lofty tower (key r.t the 
 inn) commanding a fine panorama (ascent from Quiddelbaeh, on the Kelberg 
 road, 3 5T. from Adenau, turning to the left beyond the village, 25 min.; 
 or from Breidxrheid by a direct footpath in 11/4 hr. ; comp. the Map. p. 184). 
 
 Dii.ioKNci: from Adenau f)nce dailv to (10 M.) KeUxTg (Pauli, fair) and 
 thence to ('^'0 M., in 43/4 hrs.) Cocht-m (p. 177); f nee daily to (I8V2 M., in 
 4 hrs.) Mayen (p. 93) ; and once daily to (19 M., in 5 hrs.) Blankenheim (p. 184). 
 
 15. From Andernach to Mayen. Brohlthal. 
 Laacher See. 
 
 The Laacher See may be visited either from Niedeitnendig (1 hr,) or 
 from Brohl (3 hrs.). Distances: from Brohl to Tonnisstein 3V2 M., Was- 
 senach 2V2. Abbey of Laach 3. Niedermendig 3 M. 
 
 Carriage TariiOF. From Brohl to Tonnisstein, one-horse 3, two- horse 5, 
 there and back 5 or 8 Jif ; to Laach 8 or 11, there and back 10 or 13V2 Jt ;
 
 •. Ai\staltvDnV<"asiigr^ Deties.Ieip-
 
 ■^,. ^ ^ ^ 
 
 1 7niSt<xo5 '■■patjmsx
 
 NIEDERMENDIG. 15. Route. 93 
 
 per day 11 or iO Jf.'— From Medeiinendig to Laach .4 or 6 ; Tonnisstein 7 
 or 9 ; Brohl 10 or io J(. Omnibus from Niedermendig to Laach i Jf. 
 
 From Andbrnach to Matbn, 14 M., brancli-railway in 60 min. 
 (fares i^/o, i Jf ; to Niedermendig in ^12^^-, 90, 60 pf.). 
 
 Andernach, see p. 66. 4 M. Plaidt ; the village (360 ft. ; Zillien) 
 lies a little to the 8. of the station. From the station we reach in 
 1/4 hr. the Raiischermiihle (Inn), where the Nette is precipitated over 
 blocks of lava, forming a series of small cascades. In the vicinity 
 are extensive tufa- quarries (comp. p. 94). On a rock rising 
 abruptly from the Nette , ^/^ M. to the left, stands the ruin of 
 Wernerseck (560 ft.), with a well-preserved tower. 
 
 The hills which are now visible on both sides of the line are all 
 extinct volcanoes : to the right are the Nickenicher Weinberg and 
 the Krufter Ofen (1538 ft. ; 1 hr. from Laach, 1 1/4 hr. from Krutt ; 
 fine view of the Laacher See and the Seven Mts. ; refreshm. in 
 summer); to the left, the Plaidter Hummeric/i (968 ft.), with its 
 saddle-like summit, and the Korretsberg (984ft.). — 6 M. Kruft 
 (Werle). Farther on, to the left, in the plain, is the Frauenkirche, 
 or church oiSt. Genovefa, where according to the legend the saint was 
 found by her husband Siegfried, Count Palatine of Hohenslmmern 
 (d. 764). The church contains monuments of a married couple 
 (14th cent.), said to represent them. Numerous mineral springs 
 bubble up on the road-side, near the brook which crosses the road, 
 the water of which is now bottled and exported. 
 
 91/2 M. Niedermendig (*Gute Quelle, with a garden; '*Post; 
 Railway Hotel), a village with 2880 inhab. and an old church 
 recently enlarged, containing mural paintings of the I'lth cent., is 
 famous f.jr the subterranean '^Quarries of Basaltic Lava in its 
 neighbourhood. The lava-stream, occupying an area 3M. in length 
 and II/.2 M. in breadth, was probably ejected by the Hochstein 
 (1770ft., to the W.). The quarries, which are more than 60 ft. 
 under ground , and were probably once worked by the Romans, 
 are almost all connected. The roof is supported by massive pillars 
 left for the purpose. A guide (1 J(^ precedes visitors with a torch ; 
 the inspection occupies an hour. The hardness and durability of 
 the lava adapt it admirably for millstones, as well as for paving and 
 building purposes. The deserted galleries are used as beer-cellars on 
 account of their low temperature, to which the beer of Niedermendig 
 is chiefly indebted for its reputation. — Omnibuses and carriages 
 meet the trains to convey travellers to (3V2 M.) Laach (p. 95 ). The 
 second half of the route, after the intervening hills have been crossed, 
 affords a charming view of the lake and the tine abbey-church. 
 
 The train continues to wind its way among hills. — 12^2 M. 
 Cottenheim (Eich; May). To the right is the Mayener Bellenberg, 
 beyond which rises the Ettringer Bellenberg (p. 94). 
 
 14 M. Mayen (780 ft. ; *Kohlhaas, in the iMarkt; Joh. Muller's, 
 well spoken ofj, a town with 9600 inhab., possesses a late-Gothic
 
 94 Route 15. BROHLTHAL. 
 
 church and a partly-preserved castle (Genovefa-Biirg), the S. tower 
 of which belongs to the early middle ages. To the N. of the station 
 are several lava-quarries, but nearer the surface than those already 
 mentioned, and some of them partly open. 
 
 The lava-bed in which they are worked is the outlet of the ancient 
 volcano of Ettringer-Belle>iherg\iW5 it.), IV2 M. to the N. ofMayen. The 
 E. side of the crater commands a fine view of the fertile plain of the Mai- 
 feld and Pellenz between Mayen and Andernach, and of the Rhine Valley. 
 A more extensive view is enjoyed from the Hochsimmer (1820 ft.), ascended 
 from Mayen in IV2 hour. 
 
 A good road leads from Mayen to the N.W., through the pretty valley 
 of the Isette, to (3 M.) the well-preserved turreted chateau of 'Biirves- 
 lieim, on a hill partly surrounded by the Nette. It is mentioned in his- 
 tory as early as the 12th cent., and now belongs to Count Renesse- 
 Breitbach. To the E., below the Hochsimmer, lies the village of St. Johann. 
 — About S'/z M. to the S.W. ofMayen is Monveal (Kircher), charmingly sit- 
 uated in the Eltzthal, with two ruined castles, the larger and more modern 
 of which dates from 1229. — A pleasant round may be made from Mayen 
 as follows : to St. Johann, 3/4 hr.; the Hochsimmer, 1/2 br.; Biirresheim, 3/4 hr.; 
 then across a bridge below Biirresheim and through the first wooded valley 
 to Giirrenbery, 3 4 hr. ; thence by Reudelsterz to Monreal , 1 hr. ^ back to 
 Mayen, l'/4 hr. 
 
 Diligences ply once a day from Mayen to (I8V2 M., in 4-4V2 hrs.) 
 Adenau, via Cilrrenberg and Virnehurg; and to (IOV2 M., in 21/2 hrs.) Miin- 
 ater-Maifeld (p. 176). The railway is being extended to Gerolstein (p. 186). 
 
 From Brohl to the Laacher See, 9 M. (carriages, see p. 92). 
 
 Brohl (p. 65; 185 ft. above the sea) lies at the mouth of the 
 Brohlthal , a deep winding valley , enclosed by wooded moun- 
 tains, and enlivened with numerous mills and houses. An object 
 of great interest is the extensive stratum of Tw/a, 50-100 ft. in 
 thickness, which covers the floor of the valley and the lower slopes 
 of the hills, consisting of Devonian slate (p. xviii). When pounded 
 (^'trass') and mixed with lime this tufa possesses the invaluable pro- 
 perty of hardening under water, and it is largely exported to Holland 
 for the construction of dykes. The Brohlbach, which flows through 
 the valley, descends 590 ft. between Ober-Zissen (p. 95) and the 
 Rhine, a distance of 7 M. After heavy rain it often rises many 
 feet and inundates the entire valley. 
 
 The dusty road which ascends the valley, skirting the Brohlbach, 
 is flanked on both sides with numerous tufa-quarries, some of which 
 are open, while others are driven like mining-shafts into the hill. 
 After 2 M. , in the middle of the valley, rises the small castle of 
 Schweppenburg (310 ft.), probably erected in the 16th century. 
 The garden contains a Roman altar found here. 
 
 The Heilbkunner Tiial, which diverges here to the S., contains the 
 IleilOrunnen {3Sb {t.}, a mineral spring of saltish, but refreshing taste, sim- 
 ilar to the Kreuzbrunnen of Marienbad. 
 
 About 1 1/4 M. from the Schweppenburg, a road diverges to the left 
 through a side-valley to the Laacher See ; the main road to the right 
 leads to Olbriick (see below). By the former we soon reach Bad Ton- 
 nisstein (410 ft.), the water of which, strongly impregnated with 
 carbonic acid, and resembling that of Selters, was collected in a tank
 
 LAACHER SEE, 15. Route. 95 
 
 as early as 1700. Good accommodation during the season at the Cur- 
 haus (R., L,, & A. 2 J^, B. 80 pf. ; table d'hote at 1 p.m.)- 
 
 The road through the Brohl Valley leads on to (1 M.) Burgbrohl (480 ft. ; 
 Bell), picturesquely situated, with an old castle, and (3 M.) Nieder-Zissen, 
 at the foot of the Bausenhevg, with its well-formed crater. The next places 
 are (IV4 M.) Ober-Zissen, at the confluence of several brooks forming the 
 Brohlbach, (1 M.) Hain, and (i M.) the castle of Olbriick (1550 ft.), one of 
 the highest points in this district, with an extensive view. The castle was 
 destroyed by the French in 1689. From Olbriick to the abbey of Laach, 
 via Engeln, 8 31. — From Niedev-Zissen (see above) a road leads past the 
 volcanic peak (3/4 hr.) of Herchenberg (10()0 ft.), Obei--LiHzi»gen (25 min.), 
 and (25 min.) Meder-Lutzingen, to (40 min.) the castle oi Rfieineck (p. GU), 
 where we reach the Rhine, a walk of abont 2J/2 brs. in all. — From "Nieder- 
 Zissen to Neuenahr (p. 87), about 12 M. 
 
 The road to the Laacher See diverges to the right below the Cur- 
 haiis, before the bridge is crossed, passes (^3 M.) the ruins of the 
 (1.) Carmelite nunnery of Antoniusstein (hence the corruption 
 'Tonnlsstein'), again ascends to the right to {}^l^ M.) "Wassenach 
 (915 ft. ; Zum Laacher See), and then descends through wood to- 
 wards the Laacher See. On the right rises the wooded Veitskopf 
 (i.S80 ft.), a volcanic peak with a double crater opening on the W., 
 and a broad, abruptly-inclined lava stream. The view hence of the 
 lake surrounded by wooded hills is very striking. 
 
 The *Laacher See (900 ft.) occupies a nearly circular basin, 
 12/3 M. in diameter, and 5 M. in circumference, and is about lib ft. 
 deep in the middle. It is the largest of the crater-like tarns of the 
 Eifel (p. 187). and, though not itself a crater, has doubtless been 
 formed by volcanic action. The road skirts the W. bank of the lake. 
 
 The volcanic formations for which the Vorder-Eifel is remarkable 
 occur here in very great variety, and the lake itself has obviously been 
 the central point of the volcanic activity of this neighbourhood. Itis sur- 
 rounded bv live craters: the Feif«ito;)/ (see above), the Laacherkopf (laOS ft.), 
 the Laacher Rotheherg (1670 ft.), the Tellberg (132S ft.), and the Krufter 
 Ofen (p. 93). Upwards of forty different streams of lava, the chrono- 
 logical order of which has been established with more or less precision, 
 have been counted in the environs of the lake. There also occur ex- 
 tensive masses of tufa of various kinds, particularly in the valleys de- 
 scending towards the Rhine, as at Plaidt and Kruft (where it is called 
 Dnckstein), and in the Brohlthal. The older theory, which Oeynhausen 
 was one of the last to maintain, was that these deposits of tufa were 
 emitted from the volcanoes in the form of mud ; but more recent investi- 
 gations (by Humboldt, Nciggerath, and Dechen) tend to show that the 
 tufa, as well as the extensive beds of pumice-stone in this region (p. 64), 
 was gradually formed by showers of volcanic matter. — The lake has no 
 natural outlet, but in the 12-13th cent, an artificial shaft was formed, 
 by which the superfluous water was conducted to the Nettc. This was 
 re-opened and improved in 1842-44. 
 
 Oeynhausen's geognostic-orographic maps of the neighbourhood of the 
 Laacher See (Berlin, 1847) and Dr. v. Dechen's geognostic guide to the 
 Laacher See (Bonn, 1864) are recommended to scientific travellers. 
 
 On the S.W. bank rises the Benedictine Abbey of * Laach, 
 founded in 1093 by Count Palatine Henry II. , and secularised in 
 1802, once one of the wealthiest and most celebrated in Germany. 
 In 1863 it became the property of the Jesuits, who established a 
 school here for pupils of the order, but were compelled to abandon
 
 96 Route 15. LAACH. 
 
 it, in consequence of the law of 1872 excluding Jesuits from the 
 Empire of Germany. The *Church (^now the property of govern- 
 ment), completed in 1156, with dome, live towers, and crypt, is a 
 noble example of the Romanesque style, being most impressive 
 externally [p. xxviii). The beautiful Porch in front of the W. fa(;.ade, 
 restored in 1859, belongs to the close of the 12th <;ejitury. The 
 vaulting in the interior deviates from the usual style in having its 
 longitudinal sections in the nave no broader than those in the aisles. 
 The curious monument of the founder, a sarcophagus with a recum- 
 bent tigure, beneath a hexagonal canopy supported by columns, dates 
 from the end of the 13th century. The two front columns are 
 monoliths of variegated 'calcsinter', found in the Roman aqueduct 
 through the Eifel Mts. On the road-side, outside the monastery 
 walls, is the *H6tel Maria Laach^ where the keys of the church may 
 be obtained. 
 
 On the E. side of the lake, nearly opposite the abbey, is another ex- 
 tensive building, erected by the Jesuits. Near it, about 20 ft. above the 
 water, is a '•mofette\ a hollow 7 ft. in width, and 3-4 ft. in depth, whence 
 a stream of carbonic acid gas (most perceptible in wet weather) constantly 
 issues. The suffocating nature of the lower strata of the air in this hol- 
 low may be tested by stooping down and attempting to breathe it. 
 
 A cart-roard ascends from Laach via Bell (Inn) to the (i'/4 hr.) view- 
 tower on the G&nsehals (ib73 ft.), commanding an extensive prospect of 
 the Laacher See, the Pellenz, the montains on the Rhine and the Moselle, 
 and^^of Olbriick and the Seven Mts. to the N. (in clear weather, the cathe- 
 dral of Cologne is visible). From Eell vi'a,,_Ohermvndig (Spitzlay, plain), 
 with the Elisabethbrunnen, to Niedermendig (p. 93) 1 hr. Interesting view 
 to the right of the Ettrlnger Bellenberg^(p. 93), the upper part of which 
 resembles the section of a volcano. 
 
 16. Goblenz and Ehrenbreitstein. 
 
 Railway Stations. Coblenz and Ehrenbreitstein (p. 101) together 
 possess three railway-stations. 1. Rhenish Station at Coblenz^ on the W. side 
 of the town, for the railway on the Left Bank of the Rhine, and for the 
 trains to Ehrenbreitstein (comp. p. 76). — 2. Moselbahnhoj\ at the foot 
 of the Karthause, to the S.W. of the town, for the Moselle railway (R. 25) 
 and the Lahn railway (R. 27) \ the trains of the Left Rank also stop here. 
 Cab from either of these stations into the town, 1-2 pers. 75 pf., 3-4 pers. 
 IV* -M^ with two horses 1 Jl or IV2 M-, box 10 pf. — 3. Station of the 
 Right Rhenish Railway at Ehrenbreitstein^ nearer to the Coblenz hotels situa- 
 ted on the Rhine than either of the other stations, but no hotel-omnibuses 
 to meet the trains. Cab with one horse to Coblenz, 1-4 pers., 172.^; with 
 two horses 2 Jt ; bridge-toll 45-60 pf. extra ; luggage, 10 pf. for each heavy 
 package. 
 
 Hotels. On (he Rhine: *Giant (PI. a), *Bellevoe (PI. b), two houses 
 of the first class, R. from 21/2 Jif, A. 60 B. 11/4, D. 3, pens, with R. from 
 7 Jt; *Anker (PI. c), R., L., &A. from 21/2, B. 1.20, D. 3, pens, with R. from 
 6V2 Jf; *Tralbe, in the Rhein-Strasse, near the Rhine; Victoria, opposite 
 the Rhine bridge, unpretending. — In the Town: "Central Hotel (PL d), 
 opposite the Rhenish Station, R. 2-3, B. 1.20, D. 21/2, pens, with R. from 
 Q^jK^ good wine; *Wilde3 Scuwein (PI. e), in the Plan, 2nd class, R. >.V. B. 
 2V2, A. V2 Ji-, Berliner IIof (PI. f), Lohr-Strasse, near the Rhenish 
 Station ; Maiwald, Schloss-Strasse, well spoken of: Fliegel, Eisenbahn-Str,, 
 R. A' B. 21/2.^; Engels, see below; KOlnischer IIof, by the Jloselle bridge; 
 Hotel de iRtvEs, in the Clemens-Platz, next the theatre (PL 26), with 
 cafe (D. 2 Jt); Hotel de Li£ge, Alter Graben. — Pensions. -Villa
 
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 Carriages. COBLENZ. 16. Rente. 97 
 
 Btausijour, well situated on the Mainzer Slrasse and the Rhine Prome- 
 nade ; i^'Hgri^trn and Englisch Lodge, also Mainzer-Str.. small but weir 
 spoken of; Von Eic^-en, on the Oberwerth (p. 100). 
 
 Cafes. Trinkhalle, on the Rhine Promenade, military music on Thurs- 
 day' afternoons. — In the town: Wiener Ccifi^ Clemens -Platz (see above). 
 — "Wine. Tillmann., Unter'm Stern, at the 2s. end of the Kornpfort-Str., 
 with a view of the Moselle ; Vogelsang. Carmeliter-Str. and Regierungs-Str. 
 For Port and Sherry, Drouven, Am Plan 13. — Civil-Casino (PI. 2), g:ood 
 wine; introduction by a member necessary. — Beer. Zttm Framiskaner, 
 Parade -Platz 2-, Eng'els, Schloss-Str. ; Central-Hotel (see above). 
 
 Baths in the Rhine, attached to the bridge-of-boats (bath 50 pf.). — 
 Warm at Fischer's, Lohr-Str. 85, near the station, and at Hensler's, Castorhof. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Office (PI. 22), at the corner of the Clemens-Platz. 
 
 Carriages. One-horse : per drive within the town , to the Rondel 
 on the Mainzer Chausseo, or to the foot of the Karthause. or to or 
 from the C'oblenz stations, 1-2 pers. 75 pf., 3-4 pers. IV4 ..//; to Capelleii 
 ( Stolzen/els), or Niederlahnsiein 3 Jl, there and back with stay of 2 hrs. 
 bJi\ to Pfaffendorf or the Lauhbach IV'2 ..^, there and back with stay 
 of 2 hrs. 3'2»y/; to the Rittersturz via the Laubbach 41/2, there and 
 hack 6 Ms to the Karthause. and hack via the Rittersturz 10 „// (in all 
 drives in the direction of Capellen, the return may be made through the 
 Rhine Promenade, without extra charge); fort oi Ehrenbreitstein, or to the top 
 of the Pfaffendorfev Hohe (Asterstein), 4 Jif, and back with 2 hrs. stay, 5 Jf: 
 Jlorchheim 2V2 or Z^,'zJl:, by time, for the 1st hr. 2V2 .-^^ each additional 
 V2 hr. i Ji- 2q pf. — Two-horse carriages about one-half more. Bridge- 
 toll (45-60 pf.) saved by taking a carriage in Ehrenbreitstein for excursions 
 on the right bank. Double fares from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. 
 
 Tramways. From the Rhine Bridge to the Moselbahnhof and the 
 ,Sch((tzenhan-!: (at the junction of the streets issuing from the Mainzer Thor 
 and the Lohr-Thor). — From the Parade-Platz via the Mainzer Chaussee 
 to the Sdiiitzenhaus and to Capelleii (Schloss Stolzenfels). 
 
 English Church Service at 8 and 11 a.m. and G (in winter 5) p.m. in 
 the English Chapel in the Palace; chaplain, Rev. A. W.Antenbring, Mainzer 
 Chaussee 52 A. 
 
 Principal Attractions. Walk from the Holz-Thor through the Rhine 
 Promenade to the Rondel , return as far as the Schenkendorf mon- 
 ument, follow the glacis to the left as far as the Mainzer-Thor, enter 
 by this gate, cross the Railway Bridge, ascend the Asterstein (p. 102), or 
 Ehrenbreitstein (p. 102), and finally return by the bridge-of-boats, a walk 
 of 3-3Va hrs. in all. — To obtain a glimpse at the town itself: walk from 
 the steamboat-pier down the Rhine to the confluence of the Moselle, turn 
 to the left, enter the gate and visit St. Castor's Church (see p. 98), then, 
 if time permit, proceed to the Moselle Bridge (p. 99). 
 
 Coblenz, at the confluence of the Moselle and Rhine, is the cap- 
 ital of the Rhenish Province of Prussia and the seat of the civil 
 and military authorities. Pop. 37,700; garrison 5000, Ehrenbreit- 
 stein not included (see p. 101). Coblenz carries on an important 
 wine-trade and manufactures large quantities of champagne, most 
 of which is exported to England and the British Colonies. Re- 
 fortifled since 1820. the town is surrounded -with a wall, and the 
 neighbouring heights of Ehrenbreitstein, the Asterstein, Karthause. 
 and Petersberg are all fortified with outworks, but compared with 
 the fortresses of Mayence, Cologne, Strassburg, and Metz, Coblenz 
 is no longer in the first rank. In 1890, the demolition of the town 
 walls was resolved. Few towns on the Rhine can vie with Coblenz in 
 beauty of situation , standing as it does at the junction of two of 
 the most picturesque rivers in Europe, and commanding charming 
 
 Baedeker's Rhine. 12th Edit. 7
 
 98 Route 16. COBLENZ. St. Castor. 
 
 views in every direction. Coblenz contains excellent schools, some 
 of which arc frequented by English girls. There is also a Conser- 
 vatorium of Music. 
 
 Ko ancient writers mention a Roman iown on tbe site of the present 
 Coblenz, and no remains have been found to give colour to a belief that 
 one existed. It appears to have been originally only a posting-station CAd 
 Confluentes'') on the great Roman road, and was not made a 'castrum', or 
 fortress, till the 5th century. In 1864, when the Moselle was unusually low, 
 numerous remains of a Roman bridge-of-piles were discovered below the 
 Moselle bridge, probably dating from the 5th century. Down to the estab- 
 lishment of the Rhenish Towns' Confederation (p. 142), Coblenz was a place 
 of little importance. In the Thirty Years' War it was alternately besieged 
 and garrisoned by Swedish , French , and Imperial troops. In 1688, al- 
 though the town was nearly destroyed by the French cannonade, Mar- 
 shal Boufflers was compelled to retreat without elTecting an entry. On 
 the completion of the palace in 1786 Coblenz became the residence of 
 the Elector of Treves, but a few years later (1794) it was taken by the 
 French, who in 1798 made it the capital of the Department of the Rhine 
 and Moselle. On 1st Jan., 1814, the French were compelled by the allies 
 to evacuate the town, and the following year it became Prussian. 
 
 The side of the town towards the Khine consists of a row of 
 large buildings : the palace, government-offices, hotels, and dwel- 
 ling-houses, and lastly the venerable church of St. Castor and the 
 simple Gothic Teutonic Lodge (PI. 4), now a magazine, at the angle 
 between the Rhine and the Moselle. 
 
 The Church of St. Castor, founded in 836, dates in its present 
 form chiefly from the end of the 12th cent., and was consecrated in 
 1208. It is a Romanesque basilica with four towers, terminating in 
 a semicircular apse adorned with a gallery of small columns, and 
 presents a picturesque appearance from the Rhine ; but from the 
 quay itself it is concealed, by the town-wall. 
 
 The 'Interior (closed in the middle of the day), 62 yds. long and 
 23 yds. wide, is roofed with rich Gothic groined vaulting, which was 
 substituted in 1498 for the originally flat ceiling. The Choik is richly 
 decorated with gilding and paintings. In the apse is the Momiment of 
 Archbishop Werner (d. 1418) of Treves, in a Gothic sarcophagus-niche. Op- 
 posite (N. side) is the much more important Monument of Archbp. Kuno 
 von Falkenstein (d. 1388: see p. 109), also in a Gothic sarcophagus-niche 
 Avith fresco (Adoration of the Saviour, on the right St. John and St. Castor, 
 on the left the archbishop kneeling, Mary, and Peter), ascribed to the 
 Meister Wilhelm of Cologne (p. 28). The Transept contains sixteen early 
 German oil-paintings, executed about 1500. 
 
 To the W. of the church stands the Castor-Brunnen (Br. on Plan), 
 erected by the last French prefect in commemoration of the 
 French campaign against Russia, with the inscription : ^Anl81'2. 
 Memorable par la campagne contre les Russes. Sous le prifecturat 
 de Jules Doazan". The Russian general St. Priest, who entered the 
 town on 1st Jan., 1814, with exquisite irony added the words : 
 ' Vu et approuve par nous Commandant Russe de laville de Coblence. 
 Le 1. Jan. 181 4\ — Adjacent to the Castor-Platz is the General- 
 Commando of the 8th Army Corps (PI. 8), formerly the seat of the 
 Counts of Leyen. During the French regime it was modernised. 
 
 In the middle ages and until the 18th cent., the greater part of 
 the town lay on the Moselle ; but the narrow, crooked streets of
 
 Palace. COBLENZ. 16. Route. 99 
 
 that period which are still extant present few features of interest. 
 The Florinskirche (PI. 14), of the r2th cent., with Gothic choir and 
 tasteless blunted towers, has been used as a Protestant church since 
 1818. The Church of Our Lady, or Oberpfarrkirche (PI. 17), finished 
 in 1431, with Romanesque nave and Gothic choir, occupies the site 
 of the first Christian church built at Coblenz in the Roman castrum. 
 — The Schoffenhaus, built by Elector Richard von Greiffenklau in 
 1530 and recently restored, with a pretty oriel towards the Moselle, 
 contains the small municipal Picture Gallery (mostly Dutch masters 
 of inferior importance). 
 
 The Moselle Bridge with its 14 arches , erected by Elector 
 Baldwin about 1344, restored in 1440 (tower added in 1832), and 
 widened in 1884, commands a fine view of Ehrenbreitstein. As 
 the town is re-entered, the ancient Burg (PI. 1), or Archiepiscopal 
 Palace, built in 1276, stands on the left. The fine staircase of the 
 tower next the town dates from 1599. It is now a manufactory. 
 
 The spacious and regular Nbustaut, the S. part of the town, 
 with its large open squares planted with lime - trees, owes its 
 foundation in the end of the 18th cent, to Clemens Wenceslaus, 
 the last elector of Treves (see below). — The busy Rhein-Strasse 
 leads from the river to the Paradb-Platz, in which rises a *Mon- 
 ument to General von Goben (b. 1816, d. 1880), with a statue 
 modelled by Fr. Schaper. The Post-Str. leads hence past the Post 
 Office (PL 22), in the Renaissance style, to the Clembns-Platz, 
 the centre of which is embellished with an Obelisk, commemorating 
 the construction in 1791 of the aqueduct which supplies the town 
 with water from the hills of Metternich, 272 ^1- distant. To 
 the W. is the Theatre (PI. 26), built at the end of last century. 
 At the N.E. corner of the square is the handsome Espenschiedsche 
 Hans. — The road to the E., passing the Festungsbauhof (PI. 6), 
 leads to the Holz-Thor and the Rhine Promenade (p. 100). Adjacent 
 are the Reg ierunysgebdude (PI. 24), or government-offices, and the 
 new Courts of Justice (PI. 5 ; Dicasterialgebaude). 
 
 The Palace , a large building of no architectural merit, with 
 a lofty Ionic portico, was erected by Clemens Wenceslaus (p. 167), 
 last Elector of Treves, in 1778-86, and occupied by him till 1794. 
 The French converted it into a hospital and a barrack. It was after- 
 wards restored by the Prussian government, and fitted up as a royal 
 palace in 1845. 
 
 The N. wing (on the left as the visitor approaches) contains the 
 Palace Chapel, in the Renaissance style, used as the Protestant church of 
 the garrison. Adjoining it is the English Chapel, which was liberally de- 
 dicated to the use uf the English residents by the Princess of Prussia, 
 afterwards the Empress Augusta of Germany (chaplain supported by 
 voluntary contributions). 
 
 The Upper Apartments, to which a broad staircase ascends, are occu- 
 
 fied in summer by the Empress (visitors ring for the castellan in the 
 ower corridor of the X. wing, near the entrance to the chapel ; fee 1 Jif). 
 They contain portraits of the last Electors of Treves, from Eichard 
 v. Greiffenklau (1511-31) to Clemens Wenceslaus (176S-1802); Gobelins 
 
 7*
 
 100 Route 16. COBLENZ. 
 
 tapestry presented by Louis XVI. to Frederick the Great; several modern 
 pictures i and other works of art. The windows command line views of 
 the Rhine, the hills of Pfaffendorf, and Ehrenbreitstein. 
 
 To the left of the former Mainzer-Thor, the central block of 
 which has been pulled down, within the town, is the approach to 
 the Rhenisli Railway Bridge over the Rhine, built in 1862-64, 
 an elegant structure of three iron arches, each with a span of 106 
 yds., resting on massive stone buttresses, and commanding a beauti- 
 ful view. A walk across this bridge and back by the bridge-of-boats 
 (toll 2 pf.) is strongly recommended. 
 
 Passing through the Mainzer Thor and following the promenade 
 walks of the glacis to the left, we soon reach the beautiful * Rhine 
 Promenade, extending along the river nearly as far as the Laubbach 
 ( see below). These grounds (Rhein-AnlagenJ, which were tastefully 
 laid out under the auspices of the Empress Augusta (d. 1890), should 
 be visited for the sake of the charming views they command. From 
 tlie Hotels on the Rhine a footpath leads due S., through the court 
 of the custom-house (finger-post), to the Holz-Thor (p. 99). — 
 There is also a direct route from the Moselbahnhof (p. 96) : after a 
 few yards in the direction of the town we cross the railway, mount 
 the embankment to the right, and continuing to the E. along the 
 road from the Karthause, reach (1/2 M.) the Trinkhalle (see below). 
 
 At the end of the glacis, immediately above the railway-bridge 
 (not accessible hence), is a bust of the poet Max von Schenkendorf 
 (b. 1785), who died at Coblenz in 1817. Farther from the town a 
 number of villas and summer-houses extend along the bank of the 
 river. Among them is the Trinkhalle (p. 97), The grounds end 
 opposite the island of Oberwerth(-p. 103), 1 1/2 M. from the Holz-Thor, 
 at the point where the Berlin and Metz railway crosses the arm of 
 the river between the island and the mainland by an embankment. 
 The Railway Bridge , which spans the wider arm of the river, 
 between Oberwerth and the E. bank, was constructed by Altenloh 
 in 1877-79, and is 1300 ft. long. It consists of three brick arches, 
 each 80 ft. in span , and of two light and elegant iron arches, each 
 with a span of 350 ft. Except at night it is open to pedestrians, 
 who enjoy from it an admirable *View in all directions. The bridge 
 reaches the E. bank at the lower end of Horehheim (p. 103), 1/2 ^• 
 below the station of the Right Rhenish railway at the upper end 
 (p. 130), and 11/2^- above the bridge-of-boats at Coblenz. 
 
 Beyond the embankment at the upper end of the Rhine Pro- 
 menade (see above) a pleasant path leads along the river to the 
 (Y2 M.) mouth of a small valley, in which lies the hydropathic estab- 
 lishment of Laubbach, 2M. from the Mainzer-Thor by the high-road 
 (carr. and tramway see p. 97). Beyond the garden of this establish- 
 ment theCoblenzerStadtwald extends along the base of the Kixhkopf 
 (1230 ft.; ascent in 1 hr.; fine view from the top). — A road, as- 
 cendiug to the left at the entrance to the valley by the Geisen-
 
 EHEENBREITSTEIN. 16. Route. 10 1 
 
 kopfchen, leads in25min. to the Rittersturz, wliicli may also be 
 reached by a shorter footpath diverging to the left beyoud the hydro- 
 pathic in 15 min. The *Rittersturz, a hill laid out with promenades 
 (^Restaurant), commands a beautiful view of Coblenz and Ehren- 
 breitstein, Lahneck, Marksburg, and Stolzenfels. 
 
 The Zarthause (thus named from an ancient Carthusian monas- 
 tery), a hill rising a^OYeihe Moselbahnhof, on which are situated i^ori 
 Alexander (at the top) and Fort Constantine, also commands a series 
 of charming views. The road to the Hunsriicken crosses the railway 
 by a viaduct immediately beyond the station and ascends along the 
 hillside. The plateau, 11/2^1- froi^ Coblenz, is employed as a military 
 drilling-ground. — At the foot and on the N. slope of the Karthause 
 is the picturesque Cemetery^ where repose the remains of Max v. 
 Schenkendorf (p. 100) and General von Gbhen (p. 99). 
 
 Beyond the Moselle Bridge rises the Petersberg, a slight emi- 
 nence crowned by Fort Franz. At the E. base of the fort, 1/2 ^^• 
 from the Moselle bridge (see Map of Environs), rises a blunted py- 
 ramid of lava to the memory of General Marceau, who fell at Alten- 
 kirchen in 1796, with a long French inscription {'soldat h 16 ans, 
 general a 22 ans^). His monument and remains were originally on 
 the hill, but on the construction of the fortifications by Fred. 
 William III, were removed to their present site. Byron's lines — 
 
 'By Coblenz, on a gentle rise of ground, 
 
 There is a small and simple pyramid, 
 
 Crowning the summit of the verdant mound; 
 
 Beneath its base are hero's ashes hid. 
 
 Our enemy, — but let not that forbid 
 
 Honour to Marceau f &c. 
 refer to the monument in its original position. In 1889, the remains 
 of the valiant general were exhumed and transferred to the Pantheon 
 at Paris. 
 
 Ehrenbreitstein, Nellenkopf, and Asterstein. 
 
 Cards of admission to Elirenbreitsiein (50 pf. each, proceeds destined 
 for charitable purposes) may be procured in summer (1st April -15th Xov.) 
 at Thal-Ehrenbreitstein (see below). Two hours suffice for the walk from 
 Coblenz to the summit and back; carriages can ascend to the top. 
 
 The excursion to the Ndlenkopf (p. 102) requires about 3 hrs., the visit 
 to the Astr:rstiiii (p. 102) I'/i hr. No permission necessary for either. 
 
 A Br idye-of -Boats (toll 2pf.), about 400 yds. in length, connects 
 Coblenz with Thai Ehrenbreitstein {*H6t€l zum Kurfursten, with 
 restaur.; Hotel Rath; Zur Schonen Aussicht, a garden-restaurant 
 opposite the bridge), a small town with 5300 inhab., prettily situated 
 in a valley between the fortresses of Ehrenbreitstein and Asterstein. 
 
 The road to the fortress of Ehrenbreitstein leads under the Right 
 Rhenish Railway and then (left) through the Hof-Strasse, the last 
 house in which, to the left, was once occupied by M. de La Roche, 
 chancellor of the electorate of Treves, to whom Goethe paid a visit 
 in 1774. (To the right diverges the Charlotten-Strasse, see below.) 
 Farther on are the Railvcay Station, and a handsome Renaissance
 
 102 Route 16. ASTERSTEIN. 
 
 building (PI. 27), erected by the Electors in 1747 as a residence for 
 the governors, now used as a Provision Magazine. Near the gate by 
 which the railway and high-road leave the town, we diverge to the 
 right and ascend the hill (1/4 hr. ), where at a room called 'Contor- 
 stube', in the 4th gateway from below, the cards of admission are 
 issued. Visitors are con d lifted to the point of view by a sergeant. 
 
 The*Fortress of Ehrenbreitstein rises opposite the influx of the 
 Moselle, 385 ft. above the Rhine, and 570 ft. above the sea, on a 
 precipitous rock, which is connected with the neighbouring heights 
 on the N. side only. The *View embraces the fertile valley of the 
 Rhine from Stolzenfels to Andernach, and the volcanic peaks of the 
 Maifeld and the Eifel (p. 93). Far below are the Rhine and Moselle, 
 and between them the triangular town of Coblenz. 
 
 Whether this important military point was fortified by the Romans is 
 uncertain. The Castle of Ehrenbreitstein is said to have been presented 
 by the Frankish king Dagobert to the archbishops of Treves in 636, and 
 their possession was confirmed by Emp. Henry II. in 1018. As it afiforded 
 them an excellent asylum in troublous times, they repeatedly strengthened 
 and extended it, and about the middle of the 12th cent, their comman- 
 dant added the Billinstein^ or Hel/enstein, a castle on the lower S. pro- 
 jection of the rock, which last name exists down to the present day. 
 
 In the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries the castle was gradually converted 
 into an extensive and powerfiil stronghold^ and so important was it con- 
 sidered that its commandant had to swear allegiance to the emperor as 
 well as to the princes of the country. The fortress has only thrice suc- 
 cumbed to an enemy. On the first of these occasions it fell into the 
 hands of the French in 1631 through the treachery of Elector Philip Chris- 
 topher. In 1637 the Imperial general Johann von Werth invested it with 
 his troops, and the garrison was forced to capitulate through hunger. 
 During the war of the French Revolution, Ehrenbreitstein was unsuccess- 
 fully besieged four times, but on 27th Jan. 1799 it was surrendered by the gal- 
 lant Col. Faber after all the provisions had been exhausted. In consequence 
 of the Peace of Limeville the fortifications were dismantled, but they were 
 rebuilt in 1816-26 imder the direction of General v. Asti-r. 
 
 A more imposing view is commanded by the *Nellenkopf, the 
 N. spur of the Ehrenbreitstein plateau, which may be reached by 
 following the Charlotten-Strasse (see above) and ascending the 
 valley to the back of Ehrenbreitstein, farther on (at the Kilometre- 
 stone No. 1) to the left, past Neudorf; on the top, we cross the drill- 
 ground to the open space in front of the fort (about 1 hr. from the 
 bridge-of-boats). — For the return, we may choose the pleasant 
 walk via (20 min.) Vrbar (Moskopp's Inn, with view of the Rhine 
 valley and the Eifel hills), whence we descend to the road skirting 
 the Rhine (to Ehrenbreitstein, 3/^ hr.). 
 
 Fort Asterstein, situated on the Pfaffendorfer Hoke, to the S. 
 of Ehrenbreitstein, also commands a fine, though less picturesque 
 view, the mouth of the Moselle not being visible hence. A project- 
 ing terrace towards the Rhine bears an Obelisk in memory of the 
 soldiers of the 8th army-corps who fell in the campaign of 1866. 
 
 The hill on which the obelisk stands may be reached in 20 min. from 
 the bridge-of-boat8. After crossing the latter we proceed in a straight 
 direction to the end of the Kirch-Strasse and follow the road to the right.
 
 V4^-..N"f> -*^ 
 
 TTT 
 
 TT 
 
 f /.-;/ -rk\i
 
 HORCHHEDI. 17. Route. 103 
 
 Where tlie latter turns to the left, a shorter route ascends by the steps 
 to the right, crosses the road which leads up from the 'Promenade' and 
 again ascends by steps. Halfway up. the Caf4 Rheinlust, and beyond it 
 the Louisentfturm (so called in honour of the Grand-Duchess Louisa of 
 Baden, who spent some of her early years at Coblenz) are passed. We 
 then follow the road to the summit. 
 
 The following route is recommended to the traveller approaching 
 from the railway-bridge (p. 100). After crossing the bridge turn to the right, 
 following the road to PfalTendorf, and here take the road to the left, 
 past the church, ascend the course of the brook, pass to the left under 
 the railway, and gradually ascend the hill. On the height (V* br. from 
 Pfall'endorf churchj this road is quitted by a new road intersecting the for- 
 tifications of the Glockenberg to the left and afterwards skirting the brow 
 of the hill and commanding a fine view of Coblenz. In 12 min. more the 
 Obelisk (see above) is reached. 
 
 The post-road which ascends the valley at the back of the town of 
 Ehrenbreitstein leads by Niedevhevg to (2 M.) Arenberg (Zur SchonenAussicht)., 
 a village with a large new pilgrimage-church, the Herz-Jesu' chapel ad- 
 joining which contains a fine old Pieta. The 'Mount of Olives' is also 
 interesting. The road diverging to the right beyond Arenberg passes a 
 forester's house and leads to (4V2 M.) Ems (p. 193). 
 
 17. The Rhine from Coblenz to Mayence. 
 
 Steamboat in 7V2 (down in 43/1) brs. \ piers at Oberlahnstein, Boppard, 
 St. Goar, Bingen, Riidesheim, Eltville, and Biebrich ; small-boat stations 
 Capellen, Spai, Camp, Hirzenach, St. Goarshausen, Oberwesel, Caub, Bach- 
 arach, Lorch, Niederheimbach, Geisenheim, Oestrich, and Walluf. — From 
 Coblenz to Bingen both banks are Prussian. 
 
 Distances: Coblenz to Capellen 4, Rhens 2, Niederspai (opposite 
 Braubach) IV2, Boppard 41/2, Salzig 3, Hirzenach 21/4, St. Goar 33/4, Ober- 
 wesel 51/2, Caub 3, Bacharach IV2, Rheindiebach IV2, Lorch (Jsiederheim- 
 bach) 3/4, Rheinstein 33/4, Bingen 3, Geisenheim 3, Oestrich 3, Eltville 4, 
 Walluf 3, Biebrich 2, Mayence 4, total distance 59 31. — Railway on 
 the Left Bank., see R. 19 ; on the Right Bank by Oberlahnstein and Riidesheim 
 to Wiesbaden in 23/4-3V2 hrs., see R. 20. — Comp. p. 60. 
 
 Beyond the bridge-of-boats the steamer passes the palace on the 
 right, and then steers under the Rhenish Railway Bridge (p. 100). 
 On the right extend the beautiful promenades of theW. bank, oppo- 
 site which is the picturesque village of Pfaffendorf (^Thomm, with 
 garden), with its slender church-spire. 
 
 On the right, a little farther on, lies the island of Oberwerth, 
 which is connected with the W. bank by an embankment and with 
 the E. by the handsome Railway Bridge mentioned at p. 100, below 
 which the steamer passes. The buildings on the island, now pri- 
 vate property, belonged to a nunnery suppressed by the French in 
 1798. Beautiful retrospect as the vessel passes the upper end of 
 the island. 
 
 The vineyards of (1.) Horchheim (^Holler's Garden-Restaurant) 
 produce good red wine ; the plain between this village and the mouth 
 of the Lahn is remarkably fertile. (1.) Niederlahnstein (Douque; 
 NoU-Hammermann), on the right bank of the Lahn, is the junction of 
 the Railway of the Right Bank, the line to Coblenz, and the Lahn 
 railway (RR. 20, 27), but is not touched at by the steamer. From 
 the road ascending the Lahnthal a path diverges to the left, passing 
 several shrines, to ('/2 1^.) tlie top of the Allerheiligen-Berg, which
 
 104 Route 17. STOLZENFELS. From Coblenz 
 
 commands fine views of the valleys of the Lahn and the Rhine. Two 
 of the best points of view are known as the 'Lahnhlick' and the 
 'SchoneAussicht'. Below Niederlahnstein,at the mouth of the Lahn, 
 stands the solitary late -Romanesque Church of St. John, partly de- 
 stroyed during the Thirty Years' War. The village is said once to 
 have extended as far as this point, when this venerable building 
 was its parish-church. The Lahn is crossed near its mouth by an 
 unsightly railway-bridge, and by another for the traffic of the road 
 (toll 2 pf.). 
 
 r. Capellen. — Hotels. *Stolzenfels, *Bellevue, both with gardens 
 and 'pension'; Launeck. unpretending. — Muller''s Restaurant. 
 
 Donkey to the Castle of Stolzenfels 80 pf. ; tliere and back 1 Jl 20 pf. 
 
 Steamboat to Oberlabnstein every 3/4 br. (20, 10 pf.), starting above 
 the station. 
 
 Capellen, a village consisting of a single row of houses facing 
 the railway-embankment and the river, lies at the foot of the wood- 
 ed hill which bears the royal chateau of Stolzenfels. The chateau 
 is approached by a winding road of easy ascent (Y4 hr.), crossing a 
 viaduct, and passing two Roman milestones. Beyond the Klause 
 (stables), a drawbridge is crossed and the castle entered. 
 
 The *Castle of Stolzenfels (310 ft. above the Rhine), with a 
 pentagonal tower 110ft. high, w^as built on the site of an older for- 
 tress by Arnold von Isenburg, Archbishop of Treves, in 1242-59, 
 and was frequently a residence of the archbishops. Down to 1689, 
 when it was destroyed by the French, it was garrisoned by the Elec- 
 tors of Treves. In 1823 the ruin was presented by the town of 
 Coblenz to Fred. William IV., when crown-prince, who caused it to 
 be restored in accordance with the designs of Schinkel, Stuler, and 
 Persius. The chateau now belongs to Emp. William II. 
 
 The Interior is open daily. In summer the number of visitors is 
 usually very large, and the custodian performs his functions as showman 
 very rapidly (fee 50 pf., more for a party). 
 
 We first enter the Gothic Chapel with its tvro towers. It is decorated 
 with 'Frescoes on a gold ground by .£■. Deger, painted in 1853-57, represent- 
 ing the Creation, Fall, First Sacrifices, <fec. — On the external wall, above 
 the garden-hall, is a fresco by Lasinsky: the Emp. Rupert and his ne- 
 phew the Count of Hohenzollern visiting the Archbishop of Treves at 
 Stolzenfels , 20th Aug. , 1400. — In the Winter Garden is a bronze 
 statue of Siegfried, by Hartung. — Adjoining the entrance flight of steps 
 is an ancient sculptured chimney-piece with reliefs, bearing the arms of 
 Cologne. — The walls of the Kleine Rittersaal are embellished with 
 six *Frescoes by Stilke (1842-46), illustrative of the principal attributes 
 of chivalry: 1. Faith: Godfrey de Bouillon at the Holy Sepulchre after 
 the conquest of Jerusalem \ 2. Justice : Rudolph of llapsburg sitting in 
 judgment on the robber knights; 3. Poetry: Minstrels accompanying King 
 Philip of Swabia and his queen Irene on a pleasure excursion on the 
 Rhine ; 4. Love : The Emp. Frederick II. welcoming his bride Isabella of 
 England; 5. Loyalty: Hermann von Siebeneichen, sacrificing his life to 
 save the Emp. Fred. Barbarossa; 6. Bravery: The blind King John of Bo- 
 hemia at the battle of Crecy. — The Grosse Rittersaal contains a valu- 
 able collection of goblets, armour, and weapons. — In the Upper Rooms 
 a winged picture of the tradition of Toggenburg by Bayer ; Gutenberg, at 
 three different periods, by Herhig ; a copy of the Dombild of Cologne 
 (p. 34) by Beckenkamp; pictures on a gold ground by Heideloff, represent-
 
 to Mayence. LAHNECK. 77. Ronfe. 105 
 
 ing tlie altar of the order of the swan at Ansbach ; about 50 small pic- 
 tures by old masters, Diirer, Holbein, Van Duck, Remhvandt, and others, an 
 ancient' Byzantine cross, antique furniture, and other curiosities. 
 
 The *ViB-w from the small S."W. tower (entrance to the right in 
 the court) commands the Rhine valley from the Marksburg (p. 106) 
 to the hills beyond Coblenz and Ehrenbreitstein; opposite is the 
 month of the Lahn "with the towns of Oberlahnstein and Nieder- 
 lahnstein, and above them rises the chateau of Lahneck. 
 
 1. Oberlahnstein (QOOft.; *H6tel Weller, R. 2-21/2, B. 1, pens, 
 with R. 5-6.//; *Lahneck, both with garden and view; Deutsches 
 Haus; Einhorn, at the station, plain; steamboat every 3/4 hr. to Ca- 
 pellen, 20 or 10 pf,), a town with 6200 inhab., formerly belonging 
 to the Electors of Mayence, is mentioned in a charter as early as 890. 
 Several well-preserved towers recall the former fortifications, while 
 a handsome Rathhaus and. numerous villas indicate the modern 
 prosperity of the town. Schloss Martinsburg at the upper end of the 
 town, containing an interesting court, once a residence of the Elec- 
 tors of Mayence, dates from 1394; the new part was built in 1712. 
 The Protestant Church, at the lower end of the town, was built by Zais 
 in 1872-75. Two engine - works and foundries and several other 
 manufactories bear witness to the rapid progress of Oberlahnstein 
 since the completion of the railways. It is also a busy depot of the 
 iron-ores yielded by the mines on the Lahn (comp. p. 193), and 
 possesses a large new harbour. Oberlahnstein is the steamboat- 
 station for Ems and is a good centre from which to make excursions. 
 
 On a rocky eminence behind Oberlahnstein rises the picturesque 
 castle of Lahneck, mentioned for the first time in 1224, having 
 probably been built by Archbishop Gerhard of Mayence. Accord- 
 ing to an unfounded tradition , it was once in possession of the 
 Knights Templar. The castle, which -was destroyed by the French 
 in 1689, has been recently restored with considerable taste (visitors 
 generally admitted). The pentagonal pinnacled tower commands 
 a charming view, for which the morning light is most favourable. 
 Gothic chapel. On seeing the ruin in 1774 Goethe composed his 
 exquisite 'Geistes-Gruss'. A road and two footpaths ascend to the 
 castle ; one of the paths, destitute of shade, mounts direct from 
 Oberlahnstein, the other from the side next the Lahn, beginning 
 opposite the upper end of Niederlahnstein (p. 103). 
 
 About 11/4 M. above Capellen, between the high-road and the 
 Rhine, is the Konigsstuhl ('king's seat'), partly concealed by 
 walnut-trees from the steamboat -passenger. It was originally 
 erected in 1376 by theEmp. Charles TV., but at the end of last 
 century had fallen to decay. In 1843 it was rebuilt, partly out 
 of the old materials, by a patriotic society at Coblenz. The struc- 
 ture is octagonal in shape, somewhat resembling a pulpit, 22 ft. in 
 piameter, and 18 ft. in height. The Electors held their meetings 
 dn the stone seat on the top. The situation was chosen from its 
 oroximity to the dominions of the four Rhenish Electors , Braubach
 
 106 Route 17. BRAUBACH. From Coblenz 
 
 belonging to the Palatinate, Rhens to Cologne, Stolzenfels to Treves, 
 and Lahnstein to Mayence. Here many emperors were elected, 
 decrees issued, and treaties concluded. Near the Konigsstuhl is the 
 Rhenser Miner alqitelle^ a mineral spring rising in the bed of the 
 Rhine, which was known in the 18th cent, and re-discovered in 
 1857 ; the water resembles that of Selters and is used as a table- 
 beverage as well as medicinally. 
 
 On the fertile bank of the Rhine opposite the Konigsstuhl, a 
 small white chapel , near the S. gate of Oberlahnstein , is visible 
 among the trees, where, on 20th Aug., 1400, the Rhenish Electors 
 deprived the Bohemian king Wenzel of the imperial crown. On the 
 following day they crossed to the Konigsstuhl , and elected Count 
 Palatine Rupert III. emperor in his stead. Adjacent are the Victoria- 
 brunnen and the Miner vahrunnen, two mineral springs. 
 
 Above the Konigsstuhl (3/4 M.) lies the small town of (r.) Rhens 
 (^Konigsstuhl, with garden, on the river), once belonging to the J^lec- 
 torate of Cologne, and still surrounded by the walls and fosses con- 
 structed in 1370 by Archbishop Frederick III. of Cologne. A footpath 
 to (1^4 hr.) Boppard ascends to the right at the way-post, outside 
 theS. gate (comp. p. 107). Beyond Rhens, surrounded by fruit-trees, 
 is the small village of (r.) Brey. 
 
 1. BTa.uha.ch. (D eutsches Haus, with beer-garden, near the station, 
 R. 1 ,// 20 pf . ; Hotel Arzbdcher ^ on the Rhine; Rheinischer Hof, 
 pens. 31/2-4 J/ ; Nassauer Hof^, an ancient town with 1900 inhab., 
 invested with municipal privileges by the Emp. Rudolph in 1276, 
 the once picturesque appearance of which has been marred by 
 the railway. It is commanded by the imposing castle of *Marks- 
 burg (Restaurant), originally called the Braubacher Schloss, 485 ft. 
 above the river, the only old fortress on the Rhine which has escaped 
 destruction. In 1437 Count Philip of Katzenelnbogen founded a 
 chapel in the castle and dedicated it to St. Mark, after whom the 
 castle has since been named. It belonged to Hessen-Darmstadt from 
 1651 to 1803, and was then used by the government of Nassau as a 
 state-prison down to 1866. The tower affords a pleasing survey of 
 the grassy dales at the back, and of a portion of the Rhine. Two 
 routes ascend to the fortress : to the N. a footpath, shorter but steeper 
 than the other, beginning at the upper end of the town, beyond the 
 old church (25 min.); to the S. the road, leading at first to the left 
 through tlie town in the direction of Nastatten, then to the right 
 past the ancient Chapel of St. Martin (existing in 1242), and lastly 
 round the E, side of the hill (35 min.). 
 
 Above Braubach are the (r.) villages of Niederspay and Oberspay 
 (Rindsfiisser), connected by an avenue of walnut-trees. On the 
 promontory to the right stands a half-ruined chapel, the only relic 
 of the village of Peterspay. 
 
 On the wooded height above (1.) Osterspay (Miiller) stands the 
 chateau of Liebeneck, one of the prettiest spots on the Rhine.
 
 to Mayence. 
 
 BOPPARD. 17. Route. 107 
 
 On the hill to the right, a little above Osterspai, stands the 
 Jacobsberger Hof, a farm-house 520 ft. above the Rhine, whence a 
 cart-road leads to Rhens, 3 M. distant, cutting off the circuit of 
 6 M. formed by the river. The vineyards on the slopes of the left 
 bank, known as the Bopparder Hamm, produce excellent wine. 
 Then, on the left, the village of Filzen, with a modern church. 
 
 r. Boppard. — Hotels. On the Rhine: ^Spiegel, E. 2V2-3V2, D. 2V2-3,B. 
 
 1, pens, with R. from Q Ji ; *Rhein-H6tel, R., L., & A. 21/2, B. 1, D 21/2, 
 pens, with R. 41/2-6 Jl; Bellevue, with garden, R. from 2 ji, B. 80 pf., D. 
 
 2, pens, from bju-, Ackermask, unpretending. — In the town: Closmann, 
 an old established huuse, with garden, D. 2Ji\ H. Laxge, opposite the 
 post-oftice, new. — Muhlbad. at the lower end of the town, a family- 
 pension. — Henzlers Pension, in the Miihlthal. — Marienberg Ei/dropatMc 
 Estahlishment (p. 103), pens. 6-12 Jl per day. — Comp. the Map., p. 1(J8. 
 
 Boppard {^liQ it. \ the ancient 5odo6Wya, founded by the Celts, 
 was afterwards fortified by the Romans and used as a depot for their 
 •slingers' ('Balistarii Bodobricie'). In the 12th cent. Boppard was 
 a free imperial town, but in 1312 Emp. Henry VII. ceded it, along 
 with Oberwesel, to his brother Elector Baldwin of Treves. The 
 latter, who could not make himself master of the town till 1318, 
 built the castle, which is still preserved (see below). All efforts of 
 the inhabitants to regain their independence proved henceforth 
 unavailing. This pleasant little town, above which rises the hand- 
 some old nunnery of Marienberg, has of late attracted numerous 
 visitors owing to the beauty and healthiness of its situation. Many 
 of the picturesque old houses with their quaint wooden beams 
 have unfortunately been displaced by modern buildings, while 
 numerous villas have sprung up in the environs. Pop. 5600. 
 
 The handsome Pfarrkirche, in the late-Romanesque style, found- 
 ed early in the 13th cent., and rebuilt about 1200, with its two 
 square towers adjacent to the choir, is remarkable for the peculiar 
 'Norman' vaulting of the nave. — The Carmeliterkirche, in the 
 pointed style, contains the monument of a Countess von Eltz (d. 
 1509), with a good marble relief representing the Trinity, carved 
 stalls of the 15th cent., and old mural paintings; beside the 3rd 
 pillar is a Christian tombstone of the 7th century. The adjoining 
 convent is used as a school. 
 
 In an open space on the Rhine, to the E. of the church and near 
 the ferry, rises the old Castle of the archbishops of Treves, with a 
 tower, now occupied by law-courts and a school. Beside the moat, 
 dose by, are considerable remains of a Wall constructed of Roman 
 concrete (-opus spicatum'), and probably dating from the reign of 
 Valentinian I. ( A.D. 364-375). When complete it was 10 ft. thick 
 and 26 ft. high, and was strengthened with towers at the angles 
 and 24 semicircular towers along its sides, and enclosed the interior 
 of the town, in the form of a rectangle 1000 ft. long by 500 ft. wide. 
 The suppressed Franciscan Monastery with its church at the up- 
 per end of the town has been converted by government into a semi- 
 nary for Roman Catholic teachers. — Boppard, like St. Goar and
 
 108 Route 17. BORNHOFEN. From Cohlenz 
 
 Bacharach, once boasted of a Lodge of the Knights Templar, frag- 
 ments of which with round-arched windows lie in a neighbouring 
 side street. Knights Templar of Boppard are mentioned among the 
 crusaders at the siege of Ptolemais (1191), — The old monastery of 
 St. Martin, farther to the E. beyond the town, is now a reformatory 
 for Protestant children. 
 
 The Protestant Church, built in 1851 partly from designs by 
 Frederick William IV., was enlarged in 1887 and provided ^^ith a 
 tower. 
 
 The Marienberg (Mons Beatae Marine Virginis). a large building 
 which rises at the back of the town, 100 ft. above the Rhine, for- 
 merly a Benedictine nunnery , is now a hydropathic establishment 
 (p. 107). The water is supplied by the Orgelborn, a spring renown- 
 ed for centuries for its purity and unvarying temperature. 
 
 Below Boppard, near the Miihlbad (p. 107), opens the Miihlihal, a 
 valley enclosed by wooded hills and all'ording a number of picturesque 
 walks. One of the finest points is the Alte Burg (960 ft.), a hill at the 
 mouth of the valley (reached by ascending to the right), which commands 
 a beautiful view. Near it is the 'Vierseenplatz', or 'place of the four 
 lakes', whence four apparently-unconnected parts of the lihine are visible. 
 Farther up the valley, beyond the Restaurant <L- Pension Eentzler (p. 107), 
 is the Bopparder Stn'dtwald, a magnificent forest of oaks and beeches, the 
 most interesting points in which are indicated by way-posts. 
 
 The finest excursion from Boppard is to the =^ Fleckertshohe (1670 ft. 
 above the sea, 1485 ft. above the Rhine), 5 M. distant, IV2 M. to the left 
 of the road to the Hunsriicken, which must be left at the pine-wood, soon 
 after passing the kilometre-stone marked '7,4\ On the top is ihe Restaur, zur 
 >ich6nen Amsicht (also pension). The very extensive view comprises the 
 Seven Mts., Eifel, Hochwald, Idar and Taunus, and Monrepos (p. 68). From 
 the E. side of the summit, on which there is a landmark, a small part of 
 the Rhine is visible near Bornhofen (see below). The path descending to 
 (1 hr.) Salzig (p. 109) through meadows and woods cannot be missed. The 
 traveller may avail himself of the diligence from Boppard to Simmern as 
 far as the point where the road to the Fleckertshohe diverges. — A direct 
 footpath leading through pleasant woods ascends to the summit in IV2 br., 
 but cannot easily be found without a guide. 
 
 Above Boppard, on the left, lies Camp {Kauth, at the railway- 
 station ; Anker, on the Rhine, with -pens'.), healthily situated and 
 frequented as a summer-residence. A road shaded with walnut- 
 trees leads along the bank from Camp to the (3/4 M.) convent of — 
 
 1. Bornhofen (*Gastkof zum Marienberg), with a Gothic church 
 erected in 1435, a great resort of pilgrims. On a bold rocky eminence 
 above the convent stand the twin castles of — 
 
 Sterrenberg and Liebenstein, better known as The Brothers, con- 
 nected by a sharp chine of rock. The legend of these castles may 
 thus be briefly told : — 
 
 Conrad and Heinrich, sons of the knight Bayer von Boppard, the lord 
 of Liebenstein, were enamoured of their foster-sister, the beautiful Hilde- 
 garde. Heinrich with rare generosity tore himself away and joined the 
 crusades, leaving his brother Conrad to win the prize. That his son and 
 the fair bride might still be near him , the old knight built the castle of 
 Sterrenberg for their reception, but, his death occurring before its com- 
 pletion, the nuptials were postponed. Meanwhile Conrad's heart grew cold 
 towards Ilildegarde. Hearing of the valiant deeds of his absent brother,
 
 to Mayence. ST. GOAK. 17. Route. 109 
 
 his soul burned to share his honours, and, wearied of an inactive life, he 
 joined the crusades. Hildegarde now passed her days in the lonely castle 
 of Liebenstein, brooding over her sad lot, not doubting the affection of 
 Conrad, but weeping over the uncertainty of his return. Suddenly Conrad 
 returned to Sterrenberg with a lovely Grecian bride, and the outraged Hilde- 
 garde , stunned by the blow, shut herself up in the loneliest chamber of 
 her dreary abode, and refused to see any one but her attendant. Late 
 one evening a stranger knight demanded the hospitality of the castle. He 
 proved to be the chivalrous Heinrich, who , hearing of his brother's per- 
 fidy, resolved to avenge his foster-sister's wrongs. He accordingly chal- 
 lenged Conrad to single combat, but before the brothers' swords had cross- 
 ed, Hildegarde interposed between them and insisted on a reconciliation, 
 to which they reluctantly consented. Hildegarde then retired to the con- 
 vent of Bornhofen, at the base of the rock on which the castles stand. Con- 
 rad's Grecian bride soon proved faithless, and he, overcome with shame 
 and remorse, threw himself on his generous brother's breast, exclaiming that 
 no consolation was now left him but his friendship. Thus their estrange- 
 ment ended, and the brothers thenceforth lived together in harmony and 
 retirement at Liebenstein, while Sterrenberg was for ever deserted. ' 
 
 Sterrenberg was held as early as the l'2th cent, as a fief of the 
 empire by the knights of Boland, and in 1317 came into the pos- 
 session of the Electors of Treves. The date of its abandonment is 
 unknown. It lies on the extreme brink of the rock, separated from 
 Liebenstein by a massive wall. The ruins (Restaurant) are interest- 
 ing and command a fine view of the rocky ravines beneath. 
 
 r. Salzig ( Schloss Liebenstein), so called from its weak saline 
 spring , lies in the midst of a vast orchard , whence ship-loads of 
 cherries are annually exported to the Lower Rhine , Holland , and 
 England. Farther up (1.) lies the village of Nieder-Kestert (Stern). 
 
 r. Hirzenach, with a new synagogue. A handsome building, once 
 a deanery, and the church, built about 1170, belonged to the Abbey 
 of Siegburg. 
 
 To the right are the extensive buildings of the Werlau Mines. 
 
 1. Ehrenthal is a small village inhabited by miners who work 
 the lead-mines in the vicinity. 
 
 1. Welmidi (Adler) , a picturesquely-situated village , witli a 
 small Gothic church , is commanded by the ruins of the Thurn- 
 berg, or Deurenburg. This stronghold, begun by Archbishop Boe- 
 mund n. of Treves, and completed in 1363 by his successor Kuno 
 von Falkenstein , was derisively called the Mouse (Maus) by the 
 Counts of Katzenelnbogen, in contradistinction to their 'Cat' (p. 111). 
 Ascent fatigtiing, but there is a fine view from the summit, 
 especially towards St. Goar. The interior contains a few points of 
 architectural interest. 
 
 r. St. Goar — Hotels. ==Lilie, with baths, R. & L. 2-3, B. 1, D. 3, 
 pens, with R. OVz-T.,//; *Schseidee. at the lower end of the town, D. 21/2. //i 
 '-Rheinfels. opposite the pier, good wine; Traube. — Brewery Zur Rose, 
 with garden restaurant; Ehdnlnst , a garden-restaurant on the hillside 
 above the town. 
 
 Steam-ferry to St. Goarshausen, 10 pf. 
 
 English Church Service in summer. 
 
 St. Goar., a town with 1500 inhab., the handsomest of the smal- 
 ler Rhenish towns, and deriving a look of additional importance
 
 110 Route 17. RHEINFELS. From Cohlenz 
 
 from the extensive ruins of Rheinfels, owes its name and origin 
 to a chapel founded in the time of Siegbert, King of Austrasia (570), 
 by St. Goar, who preached the gospel here. Down to 1794 it was the 
 capital of the lower county of Katzenelnbogen, which lay chiefly on 
 the opposite bank of the river, and reached to the Lahn. (The upper 
 county lay to the S. of the Main, p. 223.) 
 
 The Protestant Church, built about 1469 , contains monuments 
 of the Landgrave Philip (d. 1583) and his countess. A flaw in the 
 altar is said to have been made by Gustavus Adolphus in 1632, 
 who, indignant at the damage done by the Spaniards, violently struck 
 the altar with his sword. The crypt on the E. side once contained 
 the bones of St. Goar. — The Roman Catholic Church is adorned with 
 an old stone effigy of the saint with an inscription. — In the prome- 
 nades is a monument to the Emperors William I. and Frederick III. 
 
 A curious old custom, the ^Hdnseln\ or Initiation, which prevailed 
 here till the beginning of the steamboat-traffic in 1827 , is said to have 
 dated from the time of Charlemagne. Every traveller who visited the 
 town for the first time was attached to a ring in the wall of the Custom- 
 house, and obliged to submit to the water or the wine -ordeal. If the 
 former was selected, a good ducking was the result; the pleasanter alter- 
 native consisted in drinking a goblet of wine to the memory of Charle- 
 magne , the queen of England , the reigning prince , and the members of 
 the society which enforced obedience to the custom. The traveller was 
 then invested with the rights of a member of the society, and finally had 
 to present a donation to the poor and enter his name in the 'Hanselbuch\ 
 
 The castle of Rheinfels, rising at the back of the town, 375 ft. 
 above the Rhine (^ 4 hr. from the pier), is the most imposing ruin 
 on the river. It was founded in 1245 by Count Dietherlll. of Katzen- 
 elnbogen, a friend of the Emp. Frederick II., and a new Rhine-toll 
 was established here. Ten years later a confederation of twenty-six 
 Rhenish towns (p. 142), dissatisfied with the newly-imposed burden, 
 attacked the castle, but after a siege of fifteen months were com- 
 pelled to withdraw. In 1692 it was bravely and successfully defended 
 by the Hessian General von Gorz against the French General Count 
 Tallard with an army of 24,000 men. In 1758 the castle was sur- 
 prised and taken by the French, who kept a garrison in it till 1763. 
 Thirty years later it was basely deserted by the Hessian commandant, 
 and fell, with its valuable stores, into the hands of the French re- 
 volutionary army (2nd Nov., 1794). Three years afterwards it was 
 blown up, and in 1812 it was sold for the paltry sum of iOOl. The 
 ruin was bought in 1843 by Prince William, afterwards Emperor 
 of Germany. The interior contains little worthy of note ; view lim- 
 ited. The custodian is generally at or near the castle (fee 50 pf., 
 more for a party). — The path to the castle passes the churchyard 
 wall, on which is the ^ Flammensdule\ a rough sandstone obelisk, 
 supposed to be of pre-Roman origin. 
 
 The Spitzenstein (1316 ft.), reached from Eheinfels via Biebernheim 
 in 11/4 hr., commands a splendid view, extending Caub to Oberwesel (re- 
 fuge hut bv the rocks on the summit). Descent via Niederhurg to (1 hr.) 
 Oberwesel (p. 112).
 
 to Mayence. ST. GOARSHAUSEN. 17. Route. HI 
 
 1. St. Goarshansen. — Hotels. Adler. two houses, with garden, 
 R., L., & A. from IV2, B. 1, D. 21/2, pens. 4^/2 J/, A. & S. extra, carriage 
 to Reichenberg S J(. — Nassauer Hof . R. 1V2-2, D. 2. pens. 4-4i/2 Jf, 
 well spoken of; Krone; Zum Hohexzoller ; Rheinischer Hof, good wine. 
 
 Steam-ferry to St. Goar, 10 pf. 
 
 St. Goarshausen (715 ft.), a small town with 1500 inhab., 
 cliiefly consisting of a single row of new houses, is a pleasant place 
 for a stay of a few days. The upper part of the town is so confined 
 between the river and the hill that a bulwark of masonry, on which 
 two ^atch-towers are situated, had to be built at an early period 
 to protect the town against inundations. Comp. the Map, p. 109. 
 
 Above St. Goarshausen. about halfway up the hill, rises the 
 castle of Neu-Katzenelnbogen, commonly called the Cat (Katz), 
 erected in 1393 by Count Johann of Katzenelnbogen, whose family 
 became extinct in 1470. It then belonged to the Hessian princes, 
 and was occupied by a Hessian garrison down to 1804, when it was 
 destroyed by the French. (Custodian in summer at the castle ; fee.) 
 
 The -Schweizerthal , or 'Swiss Valley", extending about 2 M. inland 
 from the foot of the Katz at the back of St. Goarshausen (reached by 
 proceeding to the left at the upper end of the village, and passing below 
 the railway), contains picturesque rocks, miniature waterfalls, and pleas- 
 ant shady walks. To the left in the background, on the brink of the vine- 
 clad slope, stands the village of Patersberg (800 ft.), to which a steep 
 path ascends in V2 hr. from St. Goarshausen; thence to Reichenberg (see 
 below) about 2* 2 M. more. — Those who wish to visit the Lurlei from the 
 Schweizerthal follow the cart-road in the valley for about 1 M. to the 
 Zollners-Muhle^ where a finger-post to the right indicates the ascent to the 
 '■Mdnnchen (view of the Schweizerthal). Beyond the Mannchen we con- 
 tinue to follow the main track, latterly passing a way-post pointing to 
 the Lurlei (left) and the Katz (right), to the (15-18 min.) pavilion on the 
 Hiihnerberg , which commands a -View of the basin of St. Goar. From 
 the ju-t-mentioned way-post we take about 35 min. to reach the Lurlei ; 
 about halfway is another way -post indicating the descent (right) to the 
 Lurlei (not easily recognised from this side). A steep path (see p. 112) 
 descends from the Lurlei to the Rhine in 7 min. ; thence by the road to 
 St. Goarshausen 1 M. (the whole excursion from St. Goarshausen to the 
 Hiihnerberg, Lurlei, and back occupying about 2V2-3 hrs.). 
 
 Excursion to Reichenberg, 3V2 M. inland from St. Goarshausen. The 
 road (diligence-route to Nastatten) leads through the Haselbachthal . a 
 valley which opens a little below St. Goarshausen (where a carriage may 
 be hired for the excursion). Walkers ascend through the Swiss Valley 
 toPatersberg (see above), from which Reichenberg is 3 M. distant. A 
 shady footpath , provided with numerous benches , diverges to the right 
 from the road through the Haselbachthal just at the entrance to the 
 valley, follows the windings of the road, and rejoins it near the Reichenberg. 
 A pleasant way back is by the road through the Haselbachthal. and past 
 the Offenthalev Hof on the hill about IV2 M. to the S. of Reichenberg; 
 then through the upper part of the Swiss Valley to the Lurlei. (Through 
 this part of the valley there is no direct path to St. Goarshausen. but on 
 the opposite side of the valley a narrow path descends thither from the 
 point where the Lurlei path begins.) 
 
 The castle of •Reichenberg, erected in 1284 by Count Wilhelm I. of 
 Katzenelnbogen, and during the Hessian supremacy the residence of the 
 governor of the lower county, was at length sold in 1818 for the sake of 
 the building materials. Fortunately, however, it escaped demolition, and 
 is still a grand and picturesque edifice with a lofty tower, and in better 
 preservation than most of the other Rhenish castles. The approach to 
 the CouBT (see also p. xxxi) is striking. Here on the left we observe the
 
 112 Route 17. LUKLEI. From Coblenz 
 
 chief entrance to the castle flanked with two columns of granite. The 
 vaulted chambers of the ground-floor in the Interior are well-preserved. 
 A memorial tablet has been placed here in honour of the archivist Habel, 
 who devoted himself with most praiseworthy industry to the preservation 
 of this and several other Nassovian castles. The interior of the castle has 
 been restored, and is now decorated with old weapons, armour, domestic 
 ntensils, etc. (fee). The old Chapel consisted of three stories, biit the 
 dividing beams have been broken away ; the Romanesque columns, however, 
 placed one above the other, which bear the lofty pointed vaulting, are still 
 X>reserved. The Tower, which is ascended by wooden steps, commands a 
 view of the neighbourhood. A second tower to the E.. connected with the 
 other by a lofty retaining wall, is half destroyed. The village oi Reichenherg 
 at the foot of the castle is a very poor place. — Comp. the Map, p. 109. 
 
 Immediately above St. Goar, and nearly in tlie middle of the 
 stream, lies the ^Bank\ a sunken ledge of rock running out from 
 theW. bank, over which the water rushes and seethes in rapids 
 and miniature whirlpools (Gewirre). The E. channel is the safest. 
 
 On the left rise the imposing rocks of the *Lurlei, 430 ft. above 
 the Rhine. On the N. side of the precipice a steep path leads to 
 the summit. Ascent 20min. ; viewlimited. The well-known legend 
 of the nymph who had her dwelling on the rock, and, like the sirens 
 of old, enticed sailors and fishermen to their destruction in the rapids 
 at the foot of the precipice , has long been a favourite theme with 
 the poet and the painter. Heine's beautiful ballad (1823) is still 
 deservedly popular. According to Marner, a poet of the 13th cent., 
 the Nibelungen treasure lies hidden beneath the 'Lurlenberg'. — 
 From the entrance of the tunnel through the Lurlei (p. 1301, a steep 
 path ascends (sometimes by stone steps) to (25 min.) the top of the 
 rock, which commands, however, only a limited view. 
 
 In this rocky basin is carried on the once very lucrative salmon- 
 fishery of St. Goar. The cool, shady depths and sandy bottom of the 
 river at this point appear peculiarly suited to the habits of the fish. They 
 are captured in nets only. The yield, formerly 8000 lbs. per annum, has 
 dwindled to barely lOOOibs., most of the fish having been frightened away 
 by the noisy steamboat and railway traffic. The Rhine salmon are highly 
 esteemed, and realise l«.6d.-35. per pound and upwards. 
 
 This is the narrowest (about 220 yds.) and deepest (76 ft.) part 
 of the river. The famous echo returned by the lofty cliffs on both 
 sides is not audible from the steamer, but may be successfully wakened 
 from a small boat in the quiet of early morning or late evening. 
 
 Opposite the Rossstein, a rocky point to the left, which the 
 railway penetrates by a tunnel , a ridge of rocks , known as the 
 ^Seven Virgins', is visible when the river is low. It is said that these 
 rugged masses were once seven fair maidens of the Schonburg, who 
 were condemned by the river-god for their prudery to this meta- 
 morphosis. 
 
 r. Oberwesel. — Hotels. 'Rheixischer Hof, opposite the pier and 
 not far from the station, R., L., & A. 1V2-2, B. s/i, D. 2, pens, with R. 4-4V2 J( ; 
 *Goldener Pfropfenzieher, at the lower end of the village, in a retired 
 situation, similar prices, pens. 3^l2-i:Jl\ Deutsches Hacs, on the high-road. 
 — Restaurant Gertutn^ near the railway. 
 
 Oberwesel, an ancient town with 2700 iuhab. , named Vosavia in 
 Peutinger's map of Koman roads (p. xxiv), and once a free town of
 
 to Mayence. CAUB. 17. Route. 113 
 
 the empire, was afterwards ceded by Henry VII. (1308-141 to his 
 brother Archbishop Baldwin of Treves, whereupon it degenerated 
 into a mere country -town of the electorate of that name. Its 
 churches , walls , and pinnacled towers (like those at Bacharach, 
 p. 1141, over which frown the ruins of the Schonburg, render Ober- 
 wesel one of the most picturesque spots on the Rhine. 
 
 At the S. end of the town rises the conspicuous Frauenkirche, or 
 Church of Our Lady, a fine Gothic edifice, erected in 1307-31. The 
 narrow and lofty choir and nave rise high above the aisles. The 
 interior is well worth a visit, containing some interesting paintings 
 and wood-carvings. 
 
 The Gothic Chapel on the town-wall, on the side next the Rhine, 
 is dedicated to St "VTerner (p. 115); fine choir windows. The hand- 
 some round Ochsenthurm, at the lower end of tlietown, with its lofty 
 pinnacles, formerly belonged to the fortifications of the town. 
 
 Upon the hill lies the late-Gothic St. Martinskirche , with its 
 castle-like tower with turrets at the corners. The S. aisle con- 
 tains, under a modern canopy, a coloured and gilt figure of St. 
 Anna and the Virgin, of Gothic workmanship. This church also 
 contains some curious relic-cases and other objects of interest (the 
 sacristan lives at No. '223, near the choir). 
 
 Above Oberwesel rise the extensive and picturesque chateau of 
 (r.) Schonburg, with its four huge towers, erected about the 12th 
 cent., the cradle of a once mighty race which became extinct in 
 1713. In 1615 it was the birthplace of Count Frederick Hermann 
 of Schonburg , better known as Marshal Schomberg , who fought 
 under the Prince of Orange , and in 1668 , when in the French 
 service , compelled the Spaniards to acknowledge the House of 
 Braganza. On the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, he was obliged 
 to quit the French service, and under the Elector of Brandenburg 
 became minister of state, and governor of Prussia; he finally passed 
 over to England with the Prince of Orange , and fell at the memor- 
 able battle of the Boyne in 1690. In the Thirty Years' "War the 
 castle fell into the hands of the Swedes , and in 1689 was sacked 
 by the French. The chateau is now being rebuilt by the proprietor, 
 Herr Ness. About 1/2 ^^- ^''O'^ t^c station, on the road ascending 
 from the Frauenkirche, a footpath diverges to the right (10 min.). 
 Ring at the entrance to the castle (fee). — On the W. side, a 
 pleasant path descends into the rocky Engholl valley, which yields 
 an excellent wine. From the village ofEngeholl to Oberwesel, 23/4^. 
 
 1. Caub (705 ft. ; Zum Griinen Wald, well spoken of; Adler ; 
 Thurm, good wine), an ancient town with 2200 iuhab., still partially 
 surrounded with medieval fortifications, is chiefly important on ac- 
 count of its productive subterranean slate-quarries A landslip, in 
 March, 1876 destroyed several houses, burying 25 persons in the 
 ruins; but measures have been taken to prevent the recurrence of 
 similar disasters. 
 
 Baedekeb's Rhine. 12th Edit. 8
 
 114 Route 17. BACHARAOH. From Coblenz 
 
 At the back of the town rises the picturesque castle ofGutenfels, 
 ■with its lofty square pinnacled tower, named Cube in the middle 
 ages, which was sold together with the little town of Caub by the 
 knights of Falkenstein to the Palatinate in 1277. The building was 
 not destroyed until 1807. The Earl of Cornwall, who was elected 
 King of Germany in 1257, is said to have become enamoured here of 
 of the beautiful Countess Beatrix of Falkenstein, whom he married 
 on the death of his first wife in 1269. The castle is now under resto- 
 ration. 
 
 Above Caub, on a ledge of rock in the middle of the Rhine, 
 rises the *Pfalz, or Pfahyrafenstein , a hexagonal building, well 
 preserved externally and internally. It has a pentagonal tower covered 
 with an unsightly roof, numerous turrets and jutting corners, loop- 
 holes in every direction, and one entrance only, situated about 6 ft. 
 above the rock , and reached by means of a ladder. The sharp S. 
 (upper) angle of the building with its stanchions and grappling-irons 
 serves to break the force of the floating ice in winter. On this side is 
 seen the lion of the Palatinate as bearer of the escutcheon of the 
 ancient lords of the castle. The interior (keys kept by a boatman at 
 Caub, who ferries visitors to the building; fee75pf.) is unattractive. 
 
 At this point , early on New^ Year's Day, 1814, a Prussian corps 
 under York, and a division of Russian troops under Langeron, 
 effected the passage of the Rhine under the direction of Bliicher. 
 A tablet on the Pfalz, to the right of the entrance, and a small mo- 
 nument in sandstone on the road on the W. bank commemorate 
 this event. 
 
 r. Bacharach. — Hotels. *n6TKL Wasum, at the station, with a 
 garden, K. Vh-2, B. 1, D. 21/2, pens, with R. 4-5 Ji; Bastian, R., L., 
 A., & B. 2-2V2, D. IV2, pens, with E. S'/z-iVz Jf'-, Bluchkrthal, in the 
 town. — Wine at Jak. Hilticohrs. 
 
 Bacharach, a town with 2000 inhab., lies picturesquely at the 
 entrance to the narrow Steeger Thai, and is commanded by the castle 
 of Stahleck, at the foot of which stands the beautiful ruin of St. 
 Werner's church. The old town-walls, a great part of which is 
 still well-preserved, descending from the castle and enclosing the 
 town, with towers at intervals of 100-150 paces, afford a good 
 example of mediaeval fortifications. 
 
 Bacharach, mentioned as Bachercho in 1019 and as Bagaracha 
 in 1140, was noted for its wine at an early period, and down to 
 the 16th cent, was one of the greatest wine-marts on the river. Pope 
 Pius II. (iEneas Sylvius) caused a cask of 'Bacharach wine' to be 
 brought to Rome annually, and the town of Nuremberg obtained its 
 freedom in return for a yearly tribute to the Emperor Wenzel of four 
 tuns of the same wine. 
 
 At the point where the road through the Steeger Thai diverges 
 from the main street of the town rises the Church of St. Peter, or 
 Templars' Church, a late-Romanesque edifice of elegant proportions, 
 with a round choir towards the main street, two round E. towers.
 
 to Mayence. LORCH. 17. Route. 115 
 
 and a square W. tower. Under this last is a fine early-Gotliic porch, 
 and on the N. side there is a rich portal. The church has been 
 restored since the damage done by the fire of 1872. 
 
 On a slight eminence (path on the S. side of the church of St. 
 Peter) stands the *Church of St. Werner^ erected in 1293 in the 
 finest Gothic style in the form of a trefoil , partly restored in the 
 loth cent., but now a ruin, one-third of the original building 
 having been destroyed. It was erected to commemorate the canoni- 
 sation of St. Werner, a boy who, according to tradition, was murdered 
 by Jews in 1286, and whose body was landed here after having 
 miraculously floated up the stream from Oberwesel. Above the 
 chapel (10 min. walk") rises the castle of Stahleck (see below). 
 
 The Steeger-Thal at the back of the town . sometimes called the 
 Bliicher-Thal from the fact that Bliicher after his passage of the Rhine 
 on 1st Jan. 1814 pursued a body of French troops through this valley 
 towards the Hunsrvick. affords a pleasant walk. After about 1 M. we reach 
 jSi<e€^ (Hutwohl), which yields an excellent white and red wine. Above the 
 village (40 min. from Bacharach) rises the ruined castle of Sfa/ilberg, 
 which like those of Stahleck and Fiirstenberg (see belowi once belonged 
 to the Counts Palatine. A picturesque panorama may be enjoyed from the 
 'Schonblick', P/* M. from the village. 
 
 Above Bacharach rises the once strongly - fortified castle of 
 Stahleck, the extensive ruins of which extend down to the valley, 
 erected about the year 1156, and the principal residence of the 
 Counts Palatine down to 1253. The French besieged and took the 
 castle and town eight times in 1620-40, and finally destroyed the 
 former in 1689. The ruins are surrounded with pleasure-grounds. 
 
 Nearly opposite the castle (1.) lies the village of Lorchhausen, 
 with a modern Gothic church. 
 
 On a rocky eminence on the right, near the village of Rhein- 
 diebach, rise the conspicuous ruins of Fiirstenberg, made over to the 
 Palatinate in 1243 as a fief of Cologne. In 1292 , when Adolph of 
 Nassau was on his way to be crowned at Aix-la-Chapelle , the 
 garrison of the castle had the audacity forcibly to detain the vessel 
 of the king for the purpose of lev>-ing toll. In 1321 the castle was 
 taken by the Emperor Lewis the Bavarian from his opponent 
 Frederick the Fair, and presented to his consortMargaret of Holland. 
 In 1632 it fell into the hands of the Swedes, and in 1689 was 
 destroyed by the French. 
 
 Opposite the Fiirstenburg , on the right bank of the Wisper, 
 which falls into the Rhine here, stands the ruined castle of Nollich, 
 mentioned in 1110, 580 ft. above the Rhine. The rugged cliflf on 
 its W. slope is called the '■DeviVs Ladder^ of which a legend re- 
 cords that a knight of Lorch with the assistance of mountain sprites 
 once scaled it on horseback, and thus gained the hand of his lady- 
 love. The Wisperthal is unenviably known for the keen 'Wisper- 
 wind', which blows through it towards the Rhine. 
 
 1. Lorch (Weibler , at the rail. -station ; Krone), a small town 
 with 2150 inhab., forming a long street on the bank of the river,
 
 116 Route 17. 800NECK. From Coblenz 
 
 mentioned in a cliarter as early as 832, was in tLe middle ages a 
 favourite residence of noMe families, who founded a school here 
 for the exclusive education of their sons. The lofty Gothic Church 
 of St. Martin, of the 13-15th cent., which possesses the tinest bells 
 in this district, was entirely restored in 1876-80. The high-altar 
 with rich late-Gothic carving of 1483, a line late-Gothic font of 1464, 
 and the monument of the knight Joh. Hilchen von, Lorch, companion 
 in arms of Sickingen, merit inspection. The inscription on the latter 
 records that Hilchen distinguished himself against the Turks, and 
 as field-marshal in 1543-44 against the French. His house, a hand- 
 some Renaissance building of 1546, adorned with sculpturing, is 
 situated on the Rhine about the middle of the village. 
 
 The road through the Wisperthal to Schwalbach (20V2 M. ; carriage with 
 one horse 20, with two horses 30 Jf ; there and back 25 or 35 Jf) leads 
 by (6 M.) the Kammerherger Miihle and the (27* M.) LankenmiihU (Inn) to 
 (2V4 M.) the ruin of GeroUtein, the finest point in the valley. About I1/2 M. 
 farther on, beyond the Greulingsiniihle, the road quits the Wisperthal and 
 enters the Fisc'hbach-Thal. After passing the G/2 M.) Riesenmiihle it reaches 
 the long valley of the Dornbach, which it follows to a point beyond (3 M.) 
 Ramschied. Near Ramschied a saline spring is passed on the left. We 
 now ascend in windings, cross the old Kheingau road ('Hohe Strasse'), 
 and descend to (41/2 M.) Schwalbach (p. 133). 
 
 In the valley of the Saver, which unites with the Wisper 3/4 M- above 
 Lorch, ia the Sauerburg, 41/4 M. from Lorch or Caub, once in the pos- 
 session of the Sickingen family, and destroyed by the French in 1689. 
 
 The E. bank of the river from Lorch to Assmannshausen is un- 
 interesting. The hills rise abruptly from the water, their lower 
 slopes being covered with vineyards and their summits with wood. 
 At the mouth of a ravine on this bank are the vineyards which 
 yield the Bodenthaler wine. 
 
 r. Niederheimbach (rail. stat. ; Schiffchen; Pfalzcr Hof), a long 
 village, commanded by the massive tower of Hoheneck, or Heimburg, 
 a castle of the 13th and 14th cent., recently restored, next comes in 
 view. Extensive retrospect as far as Bacharach. 
 
 The valley of the Rhine now slightly contracts. On the right 
 rises the slender tower of *Sooneck, commanding the entrance to a 
 ravine. The castle , which was erected by Archbishop Willigis of 
 Mayence about 1015, was destroyed by King Rudolph of Hapsburg 
 as a robbers' stronghold, but rebuilt in the 14th century. The ruin 
 was restored in 1834 by the late German emperor, Wilhelm I. 
 
 r. Trechtinyshausen or Trechtlingshausen (rail. stat. ; Stern). On 
 an eminence beyond the village rises the Reichenstein, or Falken- 
 burg, destroyed by the French in 1689. In 1252 this marauders' 
 castle was destroyed by the confederation of Rhenish towns, but re- 
 stored in 1261 by its owner, Philip von Hohenfels, who resumed 
 his lawless calling. Rudolph of Hapsburg afterwards besieged and 
 dismantled it, and relentlessly consigned to the gallows the robbers 
 whom he found in possession. The castle is now under restoration 
 and not accessible to visitors. 
 
 At the foot of the hill is the entrance to the Morgenbachthal, vi^hich 
 to a distance of about 1 M. is one of the most romantic lateral valleys of
 
 to Mayence. ASSMANNSHAUSEN. 17. Route. 117 
 
 the Rhine. Just above the mill, where the most picturesque view is enjoyed, 
 a path to the left ascends in 3/4 hr. to the Schweizerhaus (see below). 
 
 On the right we next observe the venerable Clemenscapelle, 
 a small late-Romanesque edilice, lately restored. It is supposed to 
 have been built by the knights of Waldeck to ensure the souls' peace 
 of the robber-knights slain or hanged by Rudolph of Hapsburg. There 
 is an interesting arrangement for shedding the light of a lamp np 
 the river, and a similar one is to be seen at Niederheimhach (see 
 p. 116). 
 
 A little above the church , on the same bank , rises the pictur- 
 esque castle of *Eheinstein, 260 ft. above the Rhine. It was 
 formerly called the Faitzberg, Vautsberg, or Voigtsberg. Its origin is 
 unknown, but it is mentioned as early as 1279, and after 1348 was 
 a residence of Kiino von Falkenstein, Archbishop of Treves, since 
 whose time it has frequently appeared in history. In 1825-29 Prince 
 Frederick of Prussia caused the castle to be restored in the medijeval 
 style, and he was afterwards (d. 1863) interred in the chapel on the 
 S. side. Rheinstein is a very interesting example of a medic-eval 
 castle, of which the massive pinnacled towers called the 'P)ergfriede', 
 the 'Herrenhaus', or 'Palas', and the substantial 'Schildmauer' on 
 the side exposed to attack are well represented. A *Collection of 
 armour and antiquities is shown in the interior (adm. 1 J^, a party 
 50 pf. each). Shady promenades lead hence to (1-1 V2 't-) Binger- 
 briick (p. 120). The view from the castle as well as from the 
 Schweizerhaus (good inn) on the height towards the S. is limited. 
 
 1. Assmannshansen. — Hotels. *Krone, *Anker, r., l., & A.2V2, 
 
 B. 1, D. 21/2, pens, with R. 6'/2 Jf ; good wine at both; Reutekshan, 
 Lamm, the last plain ^ all on the Rhine; Burg Rheinstein, near the rail, 
 station, not expensive; Niederwald, in the village, second-class. — -CfK- 
 iiAUS. on the Rhine, R. from I'/z, board 5, baths 11/2-2^. Visitors' tax, 
 10 Ji. Bath physician, Dr. C. Sturm. — EufnayePs Brewery. 
 
 Zahnradbahn, or Rack-and-Finion Railway., to the tup of the Nieder- 
 wald; the station is at the E. end of the village, near the church ('p,12T). 
 
 Small Boats. To Rheinstein, 1-5 pers. I Jl., each additional pers. 
 2U pf. ; there and back with stay of one hour, twice as much; to Riides- 
 heim or Bingen (Bingerbriick), i-6 pers. 3V2 Ji-, each additional pars. 5U pf., 
 there and back, 1,2 more; to Lorch 1-6 pers. ^^jz Jl, each additi(jnal pers. 
 6f) pf., there and back 1/2 more. 
 
 Steam-launch to Rheinstein every 10 min. (30 pf.). 
 
 Assmannshausen (260 ft.), a village with 1000 inhab., is cele- 
 brated for its full-bodied and high-flavoured red wine, the better 
 vintages of which are preferred by some connoisseurs to Burgundy, 
 and realise high pri es. A warm alkaline spring (90°) here, con- 
 taining lithia, which was known as far back as the Roman period, 
 has recently again come into vogue for baths (Cur/iaus, see above). 
 Assmannshausen (railway-station, see p. 131, but not a steamboat- 
 station) is one of the starting-points for an excursion to the Nieder- 
 wald (p. 127), and is suitable for a short stay. 
 
 Beyond Assmannshausen the steamboat reaches the Binger Loch, 
 a rapid caused by the narrowness of the rocky channel , the widen-
 
 118 Route 17, EHRENFELS. From Cohlenz 
 
 ing of which has been the work of ages , from the Roman period 
 down to 1830-32 , when the last blasting operations took place. 
 The completion of the work is commemorated by a monument on 
 the W. bank. The passage is now free from danger, but in descend- 
 ing the larger rafts must be piloted with extreme caution. The 
 stream is too rapid to permit a pier to be erected at Assmannshausen. 
 
 Above the rapids rises the tower of (l.)Ehrenfels, erected about 
 1210 by Philipp von Bolanden , governor of the Rheingau, the fre- 
 quent residence of the archbishops of Mayence in the 15th cent., 
 much damaged by the Swedes in 1635 , and finally destroyed by 
 the French in 1689. The two towers are connected by a lofty wall 
 on the side exposed to attack, facing the hill. 
 
 The steep slopes of the Rudesheimer Berg yield the excellent 
 wine of that name , and terrace rises above terrace to secure the 
 soil from falling. The hill is completely covered with walls and 
 arches , the careful preservation of which conveys an idea of the 
 value of the vines. According to tradition , Charlemagne observed 
 from his palace at Ingelheim that the snow always melted first on 
 the Riidesheimer Berg , and therefore caused vines to be brought 
 from Tramin (near Botzen) and planted there. 
 
 Opposite the castle, on a qiiartz-rock in the middle of the Rhine, 
 is situated the Mouse Tower, which is popularly said to derive its 
 name from the well-known legend of the cruel Archbishop Hatto of 
 Mayence. Having caused a number of poor people, whom he com- 
 pared to mice bent on devouring the corn, to be burned in a barn 
 during a famine, he was attacked by mice, which tormented him 
 day and night. He sought refuge on this island , but was followed 
 by his persecutors, and devoured alive. The tower, however, was 
 in reality erected in the middle ages as a watch-tower, and the 
 name is derived from the old German '•musen\ to spy. In 1856 the 
 ruins were again converted into a kind of watchtower, for making 
 signals to steamers, which in descending the river are required to 
 slacken speed here when other vessels are coming up the stream. 
 
 The valley of the Rhine now suddenly expands, and the district 
 of the Rheingau, which was once in all probability a lake, is enter- 
 ed. Below (r.) Bingen the Nahe unites with the Rhine. Bridges 
 over the Nahe, ami stations of the Rhenish and Rhine-Nahe lines at 
 Bingerhruck^ see p. 120. The steamers do not touch at Bingerbriick. 
 
 r. Bingen. — Hotels. *H6tel Victoria, near the station, R., L., & A. 
 2-4, B. 1, D. 3 Ul?; Weissks Ross, both on the Rhine and both of the first 
 class. Be[,levuk, Distel , both also on the Rhine, R., L., & A. 2-3, IJ. 1, 
 D. 21/4 Jl. — GObel, Karpfex, Adler, all three on the Rhine; Goldner 
 Pflug , near the market-place; Englisciier Hof, Mainzer Strasse-, Pariser 
 HoF, Gau-Strasse, near the Nahe; Deutsches Haos, Germania, Einhorn, 
 these unpretending, 11., L.. ii>: A. IV2-2 Jl^ B. 80 pf. — "Hotel Rochusberg 
 (p. 119), D. 2V2, pens, with R. 5-6 Jl^ umnibus from the station 5U pf. — 
 At Bingerbriick: American Hotel, R. from ii/2 Jl., Mohrmann, both above 
 the station. — "Railway-Restaurant \ Caf& iSo/ierr, with restaurant, in the 
 market-place; Heilniann^ confectioner with cafe, cm the Rhine. Beer at the 
 Krone^ with a garden, in the town.
 
 to Mayence. BINGEN. 17. Route. 119 
 
 steam Ferry Boat (-Trajecf) from Bingen and Bingerbriick to RudesTieim 
 p.) 120), making about 16 trips in each direction daily (fares 20, 10 pf.). 
 
 Boats. To the Mouse Tower, 1-2 pcrs. IV2 M. each additional pers. 
 25 pf. i to Assmannshausen, 1-6 pers. ZJi\ to Rheinstein and Assmanns- 
 hausen, with 2 hrs. stay at the former, 5 M. 
 
 Carriages. To the Rochuscapelle, one-horse, 1-2 pers. SVz, 3-4 pers. 
 4.^; two-horse 4 or Jl\ to the Scharlachkopf, one-horse 4 or b M-, 
 two-horse 5 ov ^ Jl\ to Rheinstein and back, one-horse 6 or 7 Jt., two- 
 horse 7 or 8 U!f. 
 
 Railway to Mayence and Coblem, see R. 19; to Kreuznach and Saar- 
 brucken, see R. 23. 
 
 Bingen, a Hessian distxict-town with 7650 inhab., situated at 
 the confluence of the Nahe and Rhine, was known to the Romans, 
 who erected a castle here, at the point whence their military roads 
 to Cologne and Treves diverged. In 70 A.D. a battle was fought at 
 Bingium between the Romans and the Gauls. In the middle ages 
 it was a free town of the empire and one of the earliest members of 
 the confederation of Rhenish towns (p. 142). During the Thirty 
 Years' War it was repeatedly captured, and in 1689 it was almost 
 totally destroyed by the French. Bingen carries on a large trade in 
 wine. The late-Gothic Pfarrkirche of the loth cent., with a Ro- 
 manesque crypt of the 11th, has been modernised. The Gothic 
 font dates from the 15th century. The Rathhaus was restored in 
 1863 in the mediaeval style. 
 
 Above the town, on the site of the ancient Roman fortress, rises 
 the castle of Klopp, which was destroyed by the French in 1689, 
 but has been tastefully restored and extended. The towers afford a 
 beautiful view. Bell at the door (fee). Roads and footpaths ascend 
 to it both from the Rhine (diverging from the Rochus-Strasse beyond 
 the Englischer Hof) and from the Nahe (diverging from the Schloss- 
 Strasse beyond the Fariser Hof). 
 
 The finest points in the neighbourhood of Bingen aretheiJoc/tws- 
 capelle and the Scharlachkopf , about 72""^/ 4 ^r- from the town. 
 In order to reach the Rochuscapelle we ascend the street at the back 
 of the Englischer Hof, and pass the Cemetery, which contains mon- 
 uments in memory of Napoleon's veterans and of the campaign of 
 1870-71. Near the lower entrance is a tombstone with an epitaph 
 in verse, beginning 'Wohl auch die stille Hauslichkeit', and con- 
 taining an equivoque which will amuse the visitor who understands 
 German. The complimentary tenor of the inscription as a whole is 
 contradicted by that of the initial words when read by themselves. 
 From the upper gate of the cemetery we reach the *H6tel Rochus- 
 bcry (p. 118), with a veranda, commanding a fine view, in 1/4 hr., 
 and thence follow the road on the margin of the Rochusberg, which 
 leads to the chapel in 5min. more. The chapel may also be reached 
 by a shady path through the woods , leading below the hotel and 
 passing a hut commanding a picturesque view. 
 
 The Bochuscapelle, a chapel on the E. brow of the Rochus- 
 berg, whii-h descends abruptly to the Rhine, stands 340 ft. above
 
 120 Route 17. rCDESHEIM. From Cohlenz 
 
 the river, and commands a noble prospect. It was built in 1677 in 
 memory of the plague of 16G6, struck by lightning and burnt to 
 the ground in 1889 and is now being rebuilt. At the festival of St. 
 Roch (first Sunday after 16th Aug.), charmingly described by Goethe, 
 thousands of persons congregate here and celebrate certain solemni- 
 ties, to which open-air dances, music, and feasting form a lively 
 sequel. Restaurant at the 'Binger Schiitzenhalle'. 
 
 From the Hotel Rochusberg a shady path leads along the N.W. 
 brow of the hill to the (1/2 hr.) Scharlachkopf, the W. summit of 
 the Rochusberg, the S. slopes of which, situated in the district of 
 Rildesheim , yield the fiery Scharlachberger wine. A fine view of 
 the valley of the Nahe is obtained from a tower on the summit, 
 69 ft. in height. 
 
 Near its mouth the Nahe is crossed by a Railway Bridge, which 
 is also open to carriages and foot-passengers. The old Bridge, with 
 its seven arches, about 1/2 M. farther up, was constructed by Arch- 
 bishop Willigis on the foundations of an old Roman bridge, and was 
 afterwards repeatedly restored. Below the bridge is a plain Roman- 
 esque chapel. — Above the old bridge the Hunsriick road ascends 
 to the Rondel, a fine point of view. 
 
 On the left or Prussian bank of the Nahe, on the Ruppertsherg, 
 lies Bingerbriick (hotels, see p. 118), a village with 1100 inhab., 
 and the station of the Rhine and Nahe Railway (p. 151). — On the 
 E. bank, nearly opposite Bingen, lies Rildesheim, of wine-growing 
 celebrity. 
 
 1. Eudesheim. — Hotels. Darmstadter Hof, R., L., & A. from 21/2, 
 B. 1, 1). 3, pens, with R. from 6 Jt\ *Jung, at the station, R., L., & A. 
 from 2V2, B. 1, D. 2i,2, pens, with R. 6-8 J/', 'Rheinstein, R. from iVz, 
 B. 1, D. '2\2 Jl--, *H6tel Kkass, *Ehrhard, R. & B. 3 .V/, good wine 
 at both ; Bellevue, Massmann, Tkalbe, Doriiofek, all on the Rhine. 
 
 Restaurants at the Hotels, at the Jihenish Station and the "Rheinhalle, 
 opposite, on the Rhine, with view. — Wine at the llUdesheimer Winzer 
 Verein, Drosselgaase ; Jo?i. J/wJ/er, in the same street; IFet/, Rheinstrasse, 
 with veranda toward? the Rhine; Wallmacli's Old Oerman Wine-lioom, at 
 the station of the Zahnradbahn, etc. — Beer at the Oermania, on the Rhine ; 
 Moot, Kilh^ near the Zahnradbahn. 
 
 Baths. Two establishments on the Rhine. 
 
 Carriages to the Is'iederwald . see p. 126; earr. with two horses to 
 Schloss Johannisberg for 1-2 pers. 5, 3-4 pers. 6, there and back 7 and 8 Jl; 
 via Schloss Johannisberg to Oestrich 10 M. 
 
 Zahnradbahn to the Kiederwald, see p. 126. The station is at the 
 upper end of the town, 1/2 51. from the Rhenish railway station, and 
 3(J0 yds. from the steamboat pier. Omnibus between the stations, 10 pf. 
 
 Steam Ferry Boat to Bingen and Bingerbriick, almost every hour, 
 starting from the lower end of the town, near the station, in connection 
 with the trains (fare 20 pf.). 
 
 Boats from Kiidesheim to Bingen or Bingerbriick, 1-4 persons 2 Jl, 
 for each additional person 10 pf., trunk 10 pf. ; to Assmannshansen 1-6 pers. 
 3 Jl^ each additional person 10 pf. ; to Rheinstein and Assmannshausen, 
 with stay of 2 hrs. at the former, 5 Jl, without respect to the number of 
 persons. Two boatmen must accompany each boat. 
 
 RUdesheim ('255 ft.), a district-town with 4200 inhab., most of 
 whom live by the culture of the vine, lies in a sunny situation at
 
 to Mayence. RUDESHEIM. 17. Route. 121 
 
 the S. base of the Niederwald (p. 126), at the point where the 
 valley of the Rhine expands into the broad basin of the Rheingau. 
 The celebrated wine of the place can boast the longest pedigree on 
 the Rhine, though some of its brethren of the Rheingau are now 
 considered superior. The best sorts are yielded by the vineyards be- 
 hind the town, called the Hinterhaus, the Rottland, close to the sta- 
 tion, and those of the Berg extending below the town to Ehrenfels. 
 At the upper end of the town are the Protestant Church, built in 
 1855, and tlie Adlerthurm, a mediaeval watch-tower. Adjacent are 
 the station of the Niederwald railway (p. 126) and a War Monu- 
 ment. — The Gothic Roman Catholic Chitrch in the marketplace, 
 built in 1390-1400, has interesting vaulting and contains two 
 Renaissance monuments of the Bromsers of Riidesheim (1543 
 and 1567 ), one of the most distinguished knightly families on the 
 Rhine , which became extinct in the 17th century. Of their old 
 castle the only relic is the Vorderburg , a fragment of a square 
 tower near the market-place, 33 ft. in height. 
 
 At the lower end of the town, near the station, rises the Brom- 
 serburg, or properly the Niederburg , the property of Count Ingel- 
 heim, a massive rectangular structure, 108 ft. long, 70 ft. broad, and 
 64ft. high. The three vaulted stories belong to the 12th cent., when 
 they were built with, the remains of an earlier edifice. In the centre 
 is a small well-like court (described by Goethe in 1814). The castle 
 was originally the seat of the Knights of Riidesheim, who in 1282 
 were compelled to become vassals of the Archbishop of Mayence as a 
 punishment for brigandage. Down to the 14th cent, it was fre- 
 quently occupied by the Archbishops of Mayence, who afterwards 
 preferred the more modern Ehrenfels. Part of it was destroyed in 
 1640. The interior has been restored and handsomely fitted up. 
 The Oherhurg, or Boosenburg, an old tower of tapering form behind 
 the Bromserburg, which for 300 years belonged to the Counts Boos, 
 is now the property of a wine-merchant. 
 
 From Riidesheim to the ruin of Ehrenfels (p. 118), '/-i hr. 
 
 At Riidesheim begins the * Rheingau, a rich and beautiful 
 district, which produces some of the most famous and costly wines 
 in the world. The name is now applied to the tract on the E. (_here 
 N.jbank of the Rhine between Riidesheim and Niederwalluf, about 
 12 M. in length and 5 M. in breadth. It formerly belonged to the 
 Archbishopric of Mayence and extended down the river as far as 
 LoTch. It was once completely enclosed by the '■GebiXck\ a densely 
 interwoven and impenetrable belt of trees about 50 paces in width. 
 
 A 'Walk through the Rheingau may be taken as follows. From 
 Eltville to (2'/4 M.) Kiedrich (p. 124) , and then past the large lunatic 
 asylum of Eichberg to (3 M.) Eberhach: thence over the Bos and past 
 the Steinberg to (Z^/a M.) Hallgarten , and via Schloss Vollrads to (3 M.) 
 Johannisberg ; then back to the Rhine at (l'/2 M.) Geisenheim. An ex- 
 cursion should also be made from Eltville to the Bubenhduser Ilohe and 
 Rauenthal (see p. 13'2).
 
 122 Route 77. JOEAKNISBERG. From Cohlenz 
 
 On the summit of theNiederwald, to the left, rises the National 
 Monument {jp. 126). — After passing Kempten and (rail, stat.) 
 Gaulsheim, we reach — 
 
 1. Geisenheim (^Frankfurter Hof, R., L., & B. 21/2, pens, 
 with R, 4-5 J^ \ Germania, unpretending), a pleasant little town 
 with 3100 inhab., mentioned in history as early as the 8th cen- 
 tury, and now boasting of a number of country-houses. The late- 
 Gothic Church, completed in 1510, has a conspicuous portal, 
 and open towers of red sandstone added by Hoffmann in 1838. 
 The Rathhaus was erected in 1856. At the W., or lower, entrance 
 to the town is the villa Monrepos of Consul von Lade, with an in- 
 teresting garden and orchards. Near the station is the GiinoLogicaL 
 and Pomological Academy, a government-institution for the scien- 
 tilic instruction of wine and fruit growers. Behind rises the red 
 Rotheherg, the slopes of which produce the best Geisenheim wine. 
 
 On the hill behind Geisenheim, near Eibingen (Schdfer's Tavern), rises 
 the old nunnery of that name, founded in 1148 and secularised in 1802. 
 The church has been restored to its sacred uses. Farther to the N.E. on 
 the hillside are the remains o'f the nunnery oi Nothgoltes (Agonia Domini), 
 consecrated in 1390, now a farm. About 3/4 M. to the N. (3/4 hr. from Eiides- 
 heim) is the former nionastei-y of Marienthal. 
 
 Schloss Johannisberg , a conspicuous point in the landscape, 
 picturesc[uely situated on a vine -clad eminence, 340 ft. above the 
 Rhine, may be reached in 3/4 hr. by good roads either from Geisen- 
 heim or from Winkel (see below). The extensive chateau was 
 erected in 1757-59 by the Prince-Abbot of Fulda, on the site 
 of an old Benedictine monastery founded by Archbishop Rut- 
 hard in 1106. The abbey-church was rebuilt in 1717-30. Iji 
 1802, on the suppression of the Abbey of Fulda (which purchased 
 the 'Berg from Mayence in 1716), the castle became the prop- 
 erty of the Prince of Orange , in 1807 it was presented by Na- 
 poleon to Marshal Kellermann, and in 1816 it was conferred by the 
 Kmp. of Austria as an imperial fief on Prince Clemens of Metter- 
 nich, who did not fully recognise the sovereignty of the Duke of 
 Nassau till 1851. His son, Prince Richard Metternich, is the pre- 
 sent proprietor. The far-famed vineyards (comp. p. xxi), in area 
 about 40 acres, yielding, in good years, an income of7000i., are 
 most carefully cultivated, and take the lead among the vineyards of 
 the Rhine, although of late years there has been a great rivalry be- 
 tween the wines of Johannisberg and Steinberg (p. 123). Visitors 
 are not admitted to the interior of the chateau, though when the 
 family is absent, they may enjoy the striking view from the terrace 
 in front. (Good Johannisberger may be procured from the steward 
 at 41/2 o>^ '^ t^f per bottle.) The Chapel of the chateau, consei'.rated 
 in li30, and now completely modernised, contains the tomb of the 
 Rhenish historian Nicholas Yogi (d. 1836), the tutor of Prince 
 Metternich. — To tlie E. of the chateau, on the road to Winkel, 
 is the villa of Herr von Mumin of Frankfort. — On the Hansel-
 
 to Mayence, HATTENHEIM. 17. Route. 123 
 
 berg, a hill lower down the Rhine, a little below Johannisherg, is 
 the villa of Consul Bauer of Moscow. 
 
 A few minutes' walk from the Schloss we reach Dorf Johannis- 
 berg {*Zum Schloss Johannisberg, also a pension), with an estab- 
 lishment for nervous patients. To the S.W. is Johannisberg im 
 Grund (^*Kauters Tavern), a village with an extensive manufactory 
 of printing-presses, whence we may descend to the railway. Near 
 the latter village, at the foot of the Schloss, lies the ' Klause\ 
 the remains of a nunnery founded by Rucholf, the brother-in-law of 
 Archbishop Ruthard (_see p. 122), and suppressed in 1452. 
 
 1. Winkel (Rheingauer Hof, with garden; Doring) and Mlttel- 
 heim (Ruthmann's Inn) together form one long street, so long that 
 Goethe has described it as very trying to the patience. At the W. 
 extremity is situated the country-house of Herr Jirentano, mention- 
 ed along with Goethe in Bettina von Arnim's 'Correspondence of a 
 Child', where memorials of the poet are still preserved. 
 
 At [}.) Oestrich (Steinheimer, Schwan, both on the Rhine; beer 
 at Winkel's) the inhabitants of the Rheingau formerly swore fealty 
 to the newly-elected Archbishops of Mayence, who came here for the 
 purpose, but were obliged first to conlirm the privileges of the 
 people. The village (2000 inhab.) with its projecting crane, and 
 the Johannisberg in the barkground, affords a pleasant picture. 
 
 On the slope behind Oestrich lies Hallgarten (.Taunwa, plain), in the 
 midst of vineyards \ near it is the well-preserved chateau ot Vollrads, 
 probably erected in 1362 by a member of the Greiffenklau family, in whose 
 possession it still is. Above Hallgarten (1 hr.) rises the Hallgarler Zange 
 (liXX) ft. ; Inn), with a view-tower. 
 
 Before reaching (1.) Hattenheim (*Ress; beer at NoU's), a vil- 
 lage of 1300 inhab., with extensive cellars for the storage of wine, 
 the road passes Schloss Reichartshausen , in a small park, 1 M. 
 from Oestrich, the seat of the Countess Benkendorf. 
 
 A broad path leads inland from Hattenheim to the (^Va M.) once cele- 
 brated and richly-endowed Cistercian Abbey of Eherbach (IJestaurant at 
 the entrance), founded in 1116, erected into an abbey by St. Bernard o( 
 Clairvaux in 1131, and situated in one of those sequestered valleys which 
 this order always selected for their monasteries. Cliernardus valles, nion- 
 tes Benedictus amabat, oppida Franciscns, celebres Ignatius urbes.'J 
 
 The Abbey (adm. 1-3 pers. 50 pf., more 1 Jf', the door-keeper and the 
 cellerman who acts a.s guide also expect a fee), secularised in lbU3, and now 
 used as a House of (Jorrection, was built at various periods from the 12th 
 U) the 15th century. The extremely plain architecture of the Komanesijue 
 Abbey Church, consecrated in 1186 and recently restored, is characteristic 
 of the earliest days of the Ci=tercian Order; it contains a number oi 'Aluii- 
 uineitts, most of them of abbots of the 12-18th centuries. The Gothic 
 monument which encloses the tombs of Gerlach, Archbishop of 3Iayence 
 (d. 1371), and Adolph II. of Nassau (d. 1474), particularly deserves in- 
 spection. The so-called Refectory of the 13th cent, (mure probably the Jn- 
 fittnary), now occupied by wine-presses, the Gothic Chapter House of the 
 close of the 14th cent, (restored), the large Dormitory (partly altered), and 
 a part of the cloisters which is still preserved are all deserving ot notice. 
 The vaults below these buildings are used as wine-cellars. The im- 
 portant wine-auctions which take place here every spring are attended by 
 all the most noted Rhenish wine-merchants. 
 
 Close to the abbey is the celebrated Steinberg vineyard, 60 acres in
 
 124 Route 17. ELTVILLE. From Coblenz 
 
 area, which was carefully cultivated by the industrious monks of Eber- 
 bach from the 12th to the 19th century, and is now the property of 
 government. The vines are tended with even greater care than those 
 on the Johannisberg, and their produce is not less highly esteemed. The 
 Bos (an old word for 'hiir), an eminence close to the monastery, 880 ft. 
 above the sea-level, with a refuge hut, commands a magnificent prospect, 
 me bracing the Steinberg vineyard. To the E. of the Eberbach valley, 
 conspicuously situated on a hill, is the extensive Lunatic Asylum of 
 Eichherg. — We may return by the Hallgarter Zange (p. 123). 
 
 Between Ilattenheim and Erbach lie the islands of Sandau, 
 connected with the left bank, and Westphalen sche Au, or liheinau. 
 To the left of the road between these villages is the Marco- 
 hrunnen ('boundary-well') , near which are the vineyards yielding 
 Marcobrunner, one of the most highly prized Rhenish wines, and 
 chiefly belonging to Count Schonborn. The different-coloured posts 
 indicate the limits of the various properties ; the white posts mark 
 the lands belonging to government. 
 
 1. Erbach ('*Engel; Wallfisch, plain; Nassauer Hof), mentioned 
 in history as early as 980, with a new Gothic church, is partly con- 
 cealed from the steamboat-passenger by the island of liheinau, 
 11/2 M, in length. At the W. end of the village is the chateau 
 of Reinhartshausen, the property of Prince Albert of Prussia, contain- 
 ing a collection of pictures and sculptures; adm. from 1st May 
 to 1st Oct. on week-days, 10-6 (1 J/, for a charitable object). 
 
 1. Eltville (290 ft. ; *H6tel Reisenbach, at the station, R. IV2- 
 3 Jf, B. 70 pf., with restaurant; *Burg Crass^ see below; restau- 
 rants at the Mninzer Hof, Bahnhof-Str., and Cratz's, in the town), 
 or Elf eld, with 3500 inhab., was once the capital of the Rheingau. 
 The German king Giinther of Schwarzburg resigned his dignity here 
 in 1349, when besieged and liard pressed by his opponent Charles IV. 
 In the 14th and loth cent. Eltville was a residence of the Arch- 
 bishops of Mayence , to which they often resorted to escape from 
 civic broils. As early as 1465 a printing-press, established by 
 Gutenberg himself after the unfortunate termination of his lawsuit 
 with Fust (p. 145), was in active operation here, only 25 years after 
 the invention of the art. The handsome and lofty watch-tower, 
 bearing the arms of the founder, with the adjoining castle-wall, is 
 all that now remains of a castle erected in 1330 by Baldwin, Arch- 
 bishop of Treves, then governor of Mayence. On the Rhine is a 
 War Monument, by Calandrelli. Omnibus and diligence toSchlangen- 
 bad and Schwalbach, see p. 131. 
 
 A charming excursion may be made from Eltville to the (V4 hr.) 
 Bubenhciuser Ilo/ie and (1 hr.j Rnventhal; comp. p. 132. 
 
 About 1^/4 M. to the N.W. , concealed amidst vine-clad hills, lies the 
 large village of Kiedrich (^n^ei; Krone; "Burg Scharfenstein, moderate), a 
 resort of pilgrims. The Gothic church of St. Valentine, and the chapel of 
 St. Michael., erected in 1440 in the ornate late-Gothic style, restored in 
 1858, merit a visit. Near Kiedrich is the Grdfenberg, one of the most cele- 
 brated vineyards of the Rheingau ; it is crowned by the castle of Scharfen- 
 stein., which was erected by the Archbishops of Mayence at the close of 
 the 12th cent., dismantled by the Swedes in 1632, and finally by the French 
 in 1682. A mineral ."Spring rising near Kiedrich resembles the Wiesbaden
 
 ^mm<^' 
 
 >jj Mil u,i^, -.... F, . .^^^h j-^^^y-k^^x ,A .,^M(^mmm^m
 
 to Mayence. BIEBRICH. 17. Route. 125 
 
 springs, but its temperature is much lower. — Kiedricb is I'/z M. from 
 Eberbach (p. 118j via Eicbberg. 
 
 Beyond Eltville several more villas are passed, the most conspic- 
 uous of whicli are Burg Cra^s, with a large garden-restaurant, Villa 
 Rheinberg, and the Steinheimer Hof, the last belonging to the Grand- 
 duke of Luxembourg. The island opposite, called the Eltviller Au, 
 is occupied by a large farm. To the left, the church-tower of Rauen- 
 thal (p. 132) is visible on the hills in the background. 
 
 On the opposite bank of the Rhine is Budenheim (p. 129). 
 
 1. Niederwalluf [*AScftiran, on the Rhine, good wine; *Gartenfeld, 
 both with gardens; *Zur Schonen Aussicht, at the station), a place 
 with 1200 iuhab., mentioned as early as 770, lies at the upper end 
 of the rich wine-district of the Rheingau (p. 121). The road from 
 Niederwalluf to Schlangenbad and Schwalbach unites at Neudorf 
 with the high-road from Eltville (p. 132). 
 
 1. Schierstein (Seipel; Drei Kronen; BecMold ; all good), an 
 old village, with a manufactory of sparkling wine and a large river- 
 harbour constructed in 1858, stands in the midst of a vast orchard. 
 Some of the antiquities found here in 1889 during the excayation 
 of an early-Franconian burial-ground are preserved at Schierstein 
 (others at Wiesbaden, p. 138). About 1^2 M. inland is the ruin 
 of Frauenstein with the village of that name (Weisses Ross) ; on 
 the hill, 5 min. to the E. of the latter, stands the Niirnberger Hof 
 (refreshments) with extensive view. 
 
 1. Biebrich. — Hotels. EdkopIischek Hof, Bellevde, Kbone , all 
 good, with gardens on the Rhine; Restaurant Nattauer Hof., open in 
 summer only. Beer at Wuth't, Kasernen-Str. 
 
 Railway Stations. That of the Taunus Railway (for Castel and Frank- 
 fort) lies on the Rhine ; that of the Railway of the Right Bank (Wiesbaden ; 
 the Rheingau) is at Mosbach (p. 131), near the X.E. gate of the park. 
 
 Steam-Tramway from the steamboat-pier to the railway-stations at 
 Wiesbaden. 20 pf.. to the Kochbrunnen 25 pf., to Beausite in the Nero- 
 tlial 35 pf. 
 
 Steamboat to Mayence. see p. 137. 
 
 Biebrich (280 ft), the steamboat-station for Wiesbaden, which 
 with Mosbach (p. 131) now forms one town of 11,000 inhab., is a busy 
 place, with iron, cloth, glass, and various other manufactories. 
 At the upper end of the town is a School for Non-commissioned 
 Officers, built of red brick as a barrack in 1859, and at the lower 
 the Palace of the Grand-Duke of Luxembourg (Duke Adolph of 
 Nassau), completed in 1706 in the Renaissance style. The extensive 
 and well-kept garden and park abound with beautiful walks. The 
 Moosbury, a miniature castle in the palace-garden, built in 1806 
 in the mediaeval style, with old monuments from the abbey of 
 Eberbach (p. 123), occupies the site of the imperial palace of 
 Biburk, where Louis the German resided in 874 (fee 40 pf.). Near 
 the pier is a Monument in commemoration of the war of 1870-71, 
 by Hoffmann. — The Elisabethenhbhe, near the Curve station (p. 131), 
 commands a pleasant view of Biebrich and the Rhine.
 
 126 Route 18. NIEDERWALD. 
 
 Beyond Biebricli the steamboat passes between two islands , the 
 Inyelheimer Aue, now connected with the mainland to form the new 
 winter harbour of Mayence, on the right and the Peters-Aue on the 
 left. On the latter, at his summer-residence , the Emp. Louis the 
 Pious, son and successor of Charlemagne, expired in 840. His body 
 was conveyed to Metz and interred there. 
 
 The steamboat-pier at Mayence is above the imposing new bridge, 
 tlirough the central arch of which the steamer passes. 
 
 Mayence, see R. 22. 
 
 18. The Niederwald. 
 
 See Map, p. 125. 
 
 Zahnradbahnen (Rack-and-Pinion Railways). From Riidesheim to the 
 Monument on the Niederwald, and from Asamnnnshai/sen to the Jagdschlofs 
 in 10-12 min. ffares, ascent 1 J(, descent 1/2 Jf-, children , half-fare ; sub- 
 scription for lU trips, 5 J(, for a year, 15 Ji). 
 
 Carriage-and-Pair from Riidesheim to the Xiederwald Blonument and 
 .Tagdschloss within 2 hrs., 1-2 pers. 6, 3-4 pers. 7 Jf, there and back, within 
 8 Jf. descending to Assmannsnausen. 9 or 10 JiJ; the same, returning along 
 the Rhine, 10 or 11 Jf-., from Assmannshausen to the Xiederwald b Jf, by 
 the Niederwald and Johannisberg to Riidesheim 17 Jf. 
 
 With the assistance of the mountain-railway, 11/2-2 hrs. are suffi- 
 cient for a visit to the Niederwald (Riidesheim, the monument, the Rossel, 
 the Jagdschloss, and Assmannshausen, or in the reverse order). Walkers 
 also require little more than 2 hrs., although in both cases more time 
 may be profitably devoted to the excursion. 
 
 The * Niederwald (1080 ft.l, a wooded MU, clothed with 
 vineyards on its S. slopes, which are known as the 'Riidesheimer 
 Eerg' (p. 118), rises from the Rhine at the point where the river quits 
 the Rheingau and suddenly turns towards the N. It lies at the upper 
 end of the narrow part of the river, which begins at the Seven Mts., 
 and vies with the latter as a point of attraction to excursionists. 
 > From RtJDBSHEiM (p. 120) to tkb Niederwald Monument. 
 Most travellers now use the Rack-and-Pinion Railway (see above; 
 station, p. 120), which ascends gently through vineyards, to the 
 terminus (Jung's Restaurant), about 3 min. from the monument. The 
 gradient is at first 1 : 12; at the top, before the wood is entered, 
 1 : 5. The Temple^ near the end-station, once a famous point of view, 
 has been completely superseded by the terrace of the monument. 
 
 Walkers reach the monument in 3 '4 hr. either by the 'Hohlweg', 
 to the N. of the railway-station, or by the 'Kiihweg', passing the 
 Roman Catholic church. Both these paths pass the Temple (see 
 above), but are closed in Sept. and Oct., before the vintage. 
 
 The *National Monument on the Niederwald, erected in com- 
 memoration of the unanimous rising of the German people and the 
 foundation of the new German empire in 1870-71 , stands upon a 
 projecting spur of the hill (980 ft. above the sea -level; 740 ft. 
 above the Rhine), opposite Bingen, and is conspicuous far and 
 wide. It was begun in 1877 from the designs of Prof. Schilling
 
 NIEDERWALD. 18. Route. 127 
 
 of Dresden aud >vas inaugurated in 1883 in presence of Emperor 
 William I. and numerous other German princes. The huge architec- 
 tural basis is 78 ft. high, while the noble figure of Germania, with 
 the imperial crown and the laurel-wreathed sword . an emblem of 
 the unity and strength of the empire, is 33 ft. in height. The prin- 
 cipal relief, on the side of the pedestal facing the river, symbolises 
 the ' Wacht am Rhein'. It contains portraits of King William of 
 Prussia and other German princes and generals , together with re- 
 presentatives of the troops from the different parts of Germany, 
 with the text of the famous song below ; to the right and left are 
 allegorical figures of Peace and War , while below are Rhenus and 
 Mosella, the latter as the future guardian of the W. frontier of the 
 empire. The fine reliefs on the sides of the pedestal represent the 
 departure and the return of the troops. The total cost of this 
 magnificent monument amounted to 1,100;000 «^ (o5,000Z.). An 
 excellent model of it is shewn in the custodian's house (where 
 photographs may be purchased) , behind the monument. — The 
 terrace in front commands an admirable *Survey of the entire Rhein- 
 gau, bounded on the S.E. by the Taunus Mts., on the S. by the 
 Melibocus, and on theW. by the distant Donnersberg. 
 
 A finger-post immediately behind the custodian's house indi- 
 cates the path, marked on the Map, to (25 min.) the 'Rossel' (see 
 below). — The 'Tempelweg', beginning at the railway-station, 
 leads past the back of the monument to (1 M.) the Jagdschloss. 
 
 Those who ascend from Assmannshausen (p. 117; railway- 
 station, but not a steamboat-station), enjoy a more striking deve- 
 lopment of the views. Leaving the Rhine, we follow the street 
 leading through a gateway above the Anker Hotel and immedia- 
 tely afterwards passing the railway -station (p. 131) and then 
 the church. About 50 paces farther on , to the right, at the end of 
 the village, is the station of the Zahnradbahn [comp. p. 126). 
 The line ascends the S. side of the valley, the opposite slopes of 
 which, exposed to the influence of the morning sun, yield the 
 esteemed red wine known as Assmannshauser. At Aulhausen, about 
 halfway up, the railway turns due S. towards the Jagdschloss, 100 
 paces short of which it ends. — Walkers diverge to the right from 
 the cart-road (which remains in the valley) at a small shrine about 
 1/4 M. from the church , cross the Zahnradbahn , and ascend the 
 winding path through wood to (Vj ^^-j t^e plateau. 
 
 The Jagdschloss (1085ft. ; R., L., & A. 21/2- D- 3, pens, in the 
 'Logirhaus' opposite 6 J^') belongs to government. Picturesque 
 silvan walks in the neighbourhood. 
 
 From the Jagdschloss the 'Tempelweg' leads direct to the Monu- 
 ment in 20 min. Walkers should select the path leading by the 
 Rossel. Passing the 'Logirhaus' on the left, they reach in 10 min. 
 the Zauberhohle or 'magic cave', a small hut with three apertures 
 commanding views, through clearings in the wood, of the Clemens-
 
 128 Route 19. CAPELLEN. 
 
 capelle, the Falkeiiburg, and Rheinstein. The effect may be height- 
 ened by approaching the point of view through a narrow and dark 
 passage, 50 or 60 paces loiig. 
 
 Five min. walk farther is the ^Rossel (1125 ft. above the sea, 
 880 ft. above the river), an artificial ruin on the highest point of 
 the Niederwald, commanding a beautiful prospect : to the left. Bin- 
 gen, Hesse, and the valley of the Nahe, with the Donnersberg in the 
 background (to the left); to the right the wooded heights of the 
 llunsriick (Soonwald). Far below, the Rhine rushes through the 
 Bingerloch, past the ruin of Ehrenfels and the Mouse Tower. On 
 the opposite bank lies Bingen with the castle of Klopp, sheltered 
 by the Rochusberg. On the right, in the immediate vicinity, rises 
 Rlieinstein , with the Schweizerhaus; farther down stands the 
 Clemenscapelle, beyond it the Falkenburg. 
 
 The Klippe, a point of view to the W. of and below the Rossel, com- 
 mands a picture^iquely framed view of the Rheinstein, Clemenscapelle, 
 Burg Falkenstein, and Trechtingshausen, and is most conveniently visited 
 from the Zauberhohle before ascendinji: to the Rossel. 
 
 A finger-post at the foot of the Rossel indicates the forest-path, 
 marked on the Map, to (25 min.) the National Monument. Half- 
 way is the Eremitage, an open blockhouse with a picturesque view 
 of Bingen and the Nahe. At the stone-bench, 5 min. farther on, 
 we turn to the right. • — The National Monument, see p. 126. — 
 To the Rhine at Riidesheim walkers require about 1/2 ^^• 
 
 19. From Coblenz to Mayence. 
 
 Railway on the Left Bank. 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. 102, 124. 
 
 Railway to Bingerbriick, 39 M.. express in 1-13/4 hr. (fares 4 Jl 9U, 
 3.70, 2.50; express 5 ^/ 50pf., 4 Jl 10 pf.). — From Bingerbriick to Mayence, 
 20 M., in 1/2-1 lir. (fares 2 J( bO, 1.80, 1.20; express, 3 Jl iO, 2 J( 30 pf.). 
 View to the left. 
 
 Railway on the Right Bank, see R. 20. Return-tickets, available for 1-2 
 days and allowing the journey to be broken once in each direction, may 
 be used on either bank as far as Bingerbriick and Riidesheim (see p. 70). 
 — Steamboat, see R. 17. 
 
 Coblenz, see R. 16. As far as Bingen the line generally runs 
 close to the river, and passes the places more minutely described 
 in R. 17. Many of the beauties of the scenery are of course lost to 
 the railway-traveller. 
 
 Beyond (2/3 M.) the Moselbahnhof at Coblenz the line skirts the 
 Karthause (r.), at a little distance from the river. A view of the island 
 of Oberwerth and the fortress of Ehrenbreitstein is obtained to the 
 left. 4 M. Capellen (steamb. stat.) lies at the foot of the castle 
 of Stolzenfels (p. 104). Opposite are Oberlahnstein and the castle 
 of Lahneck. After passing the Konigsstuhl, which rises to the left, 
 the line intersects the old village of Ehens (p. 106). Farther up, 
 on the opposite bank, is Braubach with the Marksburg, and beyond 
 it the chateau of Liebeneck.
 
 INGELHEIM. 19. Route. 129 
 
 13 M. Boppard (steamb. stat. ; p. 107); I51/2 ^1- Salzig (p. 
 109). A little farther on are tlie castles of Sterrenherg and Lie- 
 benstein and the convent of Bornhofen ; still farther up are Wel- 
 mich and the Mouse. 
 
 22 M. St. Goar (steamb. stat. ; p. 109). The station lies on a 
 height at the back of the town. On the opposite bank is St. Goars- 
 hausen with the Cat. To the left, farther on, we obtain a view 
 of the Lurlei. Three tunnels, beyond which is (2G 31.) Oberwesel 
 (steamb. stat. ; p. 112). We next have a view on the left of Caub, 
 the Pfalz, and the ruin of Gutenfels (p. 114), and then reach — 
 
 30 M. Bacharach (steamb. stat.; p. 114); 32 M. Niederheim- 
 bach (steamb. stat.; p. 116); 35 M. Trechtingshausen (jp. 116), On 
 the opposite bank, Assmannshausen and Lorch successively come 
 in sight. At Bingerbriiok the wider part of the valley is entered. 
 
 39 M. Bingerbriick (see p. 120) lies on the left (Prussian) bank 
 of the Nahe, about ^/^ M. from Bingen, and nearly opposite the 
 Mouse Tower [Tp. 118). Travellers bound for Kreuznach (p. 151), 
 Saarbriicken, Treves, Metz, etc., change carriages here. — Steam- 
 boat to Riidesheim (p. 120). Comp. Map, p. 125. 
 
 The train now crosses the Nahe. To the left a view of the 
 Niederwald and the ruined castle of Ehrenfels (p. 118). 
 
 39V2 ^1- Bingen (steamb. stat.), see p. 118. The line now skirts 
 the base of the Rochusberg (several villas to the right), unites with 
 the line from Alzey (R. 35) and begins to diverge from the Rhine. 
 42 M. Gaulsheim; 441/2 M. Gau-Algesheim. A view of the Johan- 
 nisberg to the left is sometimes obtained, but the country generally 
 is flat and uninteresting. 
 
 46 M. Ingelheim, station for the two villages of Nieder-Ingel- 
 helm (Hirsfh ) and Ob er- Ingelheim (Lamm) , each ^{■^ M. distant. 
 Nieder- Ingelheim was once the site of a celebrated palace 
 of Charlemagne , described by ancient writers as an edifice of 
 great magnificence ('domus alta centum perflxa columnis'), to 
 adorn which mosaics, sculptures, and other works of art were 
 sent from Ravenna by Pope Hadrian I. between 768 and 784. It 
 was burned down in 1270, but was restored by Charles IV. in 1354. 
 Few relics of the building are now extant (syenite columns of the 
 fountain at the castle of Heidelberg, see p. 239), The Protestant 
 St. Remigiuskirche was once the chapel of the palace, but as it has 
 been repeatedly restored nothing of the original is now left except 
 some parts of the N. transept. The handsome Protestant Church 
 of Ober-Ingelheim , recently restored, dates from the 13th century. 
 It was at Ingelheim, on 31st Dec. 1105, that the convocation of 
 the bishops of Mayence, Cologne, and Worms dethroned Emp, 
 Henry IV, The red wine of Ingelheim is much esteemed. 
 
 491/2 ^1- Heidesheim. From (53 M.) Budenheim the Leniaberg 
 may be ascended in 1/2 ^^- — 551/2 M. Mombach. 
 
 59 M. Mayence, see R. 22. 
 
 Baedeker's Rhine. 12tli Edit. 9
 
 130 
 
 20. From Coblenz to Wiesbaden. Schlangenbad and 
 Schwalbach. 
 
 Eailway on the Right Bank. 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. 102. 124. 
 
 5SV2 M. Railway in 2-3 hrs. (fares 7 Jl 40. 5 M 60. 3 Jf 70 pf.; express 
 7 Jf 80, 5 j;^ 90pf.V Return-tickets, see p. 68. — Views to the right. 
 
 Travellers b(nind for Castel or Frankfort (R. 29a) need not go via 
 Wiesbaden, as there is a direct line from stat. Curve (p. 216) to stat. 
 Mosbach (see below ; Map, p. 124). 
 
 Journey from Cologne to Coblenz, see R. 10; from Deutz to 
 Ehrenbreitstein, see R. 11. Description of CoWenz and Ebren'breit- 
 stein, see R. 16. 
 
 Passengers -who start from Coblenz (Moselbalmhof, p. 96) cross 
 the handsome new railway-bridge (p. 100) at the island of Ober- 
 werth. The line from Ehrenbreitstein passes to the left of the old 
 railway-bridge (which is now used only for local trains between 
 Coblenz and Ehrenbreitstein), and runs at the back oi Pfaffendorf 
 (p. 103), commanding a fine view the whole way. Opposite the 
 island of Oberwerth it unites with the Coblenz line (p. 128). — 
 21/2 M. Horchheim (p. 103). 
 
 4 M. Niederlahnstein { p. 103), the junction of the Coblenz- 
 Cologne and Moselle lines, the Ehrenbreitstein and Deutz line 
 (R. 11), and the Lahn railway [R. 27). 
 
 The line crosses the Lahn. View of Capellen and Stolzenfels 
 to the right, and of Lahneck to the left. 
 
 41/2 M- Oberlahnstein (steamb. stat., p. 105). Opposite lies the 
 village of Rhens^ with the Konigsstuhl (p. 105). 
 
 7 M. Braubaeh, with the Marksburg (p. 106). To the right Nie- 
 derspay, and farther on on the same bank, below the Marksburg, 
 Oberspay. — 11 M. Osterspay (p. 106). Passing the small village of 
 Filsen, we now obtain a view of Boppard, beautifully situated on the 
 opposite bank. 15 M. Camp (steamb. stat., p. 108), a little above 
 which are the pilgrimage-church and convent of Bornhofen, at the 
 foot of the ruined ca^sxles of Sterrenberg and Liebenstein {the '■Brothers', 
 p. 108). 171/2 M. Kestert (p. 109), beyond which the train passes 
 the village of Welmich, with the 'Mouse'' castle rising above it. 
 Farther on are the extensive ruins of Rheinfels on the opposite bank. 
 
 22 M. St= Goarshausen (steamb. stat.), with the ruined castle 
 of the 'CaV (p. 111). Opposite lies the picturesque little town of 
 .St. Goar. The train now passes through a tunnel under the Lurlei 
 (p. 112), and through another under the Rossstein. On the oppo- 
 site bank lies Oberwesel, a picturesque little town, commanded by 
 the Schonburg. 
 
 29 M. Caub (steamb. stat., p. 113), above which rises the ruin 
 of Qutenfels. In the middle of the Rhine is the curious old chateau 
 of the Pfalz. Higher up the river, on the opposite bank, lies the 
 venerable town of Bacharach, overshadowed by the ruin of Stahleck;
 
 ELTYILLE. 20. Route. 131 
 
 then the ruin of Fiirstenberg and the village of Rheindiebach, The 
 train intersects the village of Lorchhausen. 
 
 32V2 ^- Lorch (steamb. stat., p. 115). On the opposite bank, 
 farther up, is Niederheimbach, commanded by the round tower of 
 the Heimburg ; then the slender tower of the Sooneck, the ruin of 
 Falkenburg. the Clemenscapelle, and the picturesque modernised 
 castle of Rheinstein. 
 
 37 M. Assmannshausen (see p. 117) is the starting-point of a 
 rack- and -pinion railway to the Niedericald (p. 126). Opposite, a 
 little higher up, is the mouth of the Nahe, immediately above which 
 lies Bingen. The train passes below the ruin of Ehrenfels^ opposite 
 which lies the island with the Mouse Tower, where the stream is 
 very rapid. 
 
 40 >I. Budesheim (steamb. stat., p. 120). On the left rises the 
 Bromserburg. Ferry to Bingerbri'ick (junction for Kreuznach), situat- 
 ed immediately below Bingen on the opposite bank, 20 or 10 pf. — 
 Opposite rises the Rochusberg, with its chapel (p. 119). 
 
 42V2 ^1- Geisenheim (steamb. stat., p. 122). On the hill to the 
 left are the village and monastery of Eibingen. — 45 M. Oestricli- 
 Winkel (steamb. stat., p. 123) ; the station is at Mittelheim, between 
 these two places. To the left is Schloss VoUrads. From Winkel to 
 Johannisberg an easy ascent of 2/4 hr. 
 
 471/2 >!• Hattenheim (p. 123). On the hill to the left is Hall- 
 garten , a famous wine-producing place; to the N.E., on the slope 
 of the Bos, is the still more famous Steinberg, and in the valley 
 behind is the Abbey of Eberbach , to the right of which lies the 
 Eichberg Lunatic Asylum. To the right are Schloss Reicharts- 
 hausen , and the green islands in the Rhine. — 49 M. Erbach 
 
 ip. 124). 
 
 50 M. Eltville (steamb. stat.. p. 124); route to Schlangenbad 
 and Schwalbach, see below. In the background rises the tower of 
 Scharfenstein (p. 124). The train traverses vineyards, and passes a 
 number of country-houses. From the hill to the left peeps the 
 church-tower of Rauenthal (p. 132). 52 M. Niederwalluf (steaiTab. 
 stat., p. 125); 541/9 M. Schierstein (p. 125), where thetrain begins 
 to quit the river. 
 
 56 M. Biebrich-Mosbach (steamb. stat., p. 125). The N. en- 
 trance to the park is near the railway-station. On the opposite bank 
 rise the towers of Mayence. Beyond Curve (p. 216) the train turns 
 inland to the left, running parallel for some distance with theTaunus 
 line, and soon reaches — 
 
 58V2 ^- Wiesbaden, see p. 134. 
 
 ScHLAXGENBAD and ScETWALBACH are most conveniently visited 
 from Eltville, or "Wiesbaden. 
 
 From Eltvtlle to Schlangenbad 5 M. , to Schwalhach about 41/2 M. 
 farther (in summer omnibus 4-5 times daily in connection with the trains ; 
 diligence twice daily in summer to Schlangenbad in IV4 tr., fare SO pf.,
 
 132 Route 20. SCHLANGENBAD. 
 
 and to Schtealbach in 2V4 hra.. fare 1 Jf 50 pf.). Carriage from Eltville to 
 Schlangenbad with one horse 5-7 Jf, with two horses 8-9 J(, to Schwalbach 
 91/2 Jf' or 15 .Y/; return-fai'e, with 3 hrs. stay, one-half more. 
 
 From Wiesbaden to Schwalbach^ 13 M., narrow-gauge railway in IV2 hr. 
 (fares 1 ^/ 80, 1 Jl 30, 90 pf.); see p. 133. 
 
 Eltville, see p. 124. The road from Eltville traverses the plain 
 of the Sulzbach , and gradually ascends , skirting the foot of the 
 Rauenthal vineyards, to (l^/^M.) Neudorf (Kvone), where it unites 
 with the road from Niederwalluf and Schierstein. It next passes the 
 suppressed monastery of Tiefenthal (now a mill) and the Villa 
 Qrainger, and leads through an attractive valley, enclosed by woods, 
 to (33/4 M.) Schlangenbad. 
 
 Pedestrians should select the somewhat longer route by Rauenthal 
 (I3/4 hr.)- The high-road is quitted 1 M. from Eltville, and the vineyards ascen- 
 ded by a footpath to the left; on reaching; the summit of the plateau, turn 
 again slightly to the left-, (25 min.) the Bubenh&user H6he (880 ft.), com- 
 manding a magnificent view of the entire Rheingau from Mayence afl far as 
 below Johannisberg; in the foreground lies the attractive town of Eltville. 
 About 3/4 ^I- farther to the Iv., on the summit of the hill, is situated Rauen- 
 thal (^'Nassauer Ho/, with garden; 'Rheingauer Ho/), a village with an an- 
 cient church , and celebrated for its wine. The carriage-road to it from 
 Neudorf (see above) ascends to the left at a direction-post 1/4 M. beyond the 
 village, leading to Rauenthal in 1/4 hr. On the slope of the hill on the 
 N. side of Rauenthal a shady promenade leads to Schlangenbad in 8/4 hr. 
 Those who prefer the high-road descend to the right by a way-post about 
 1/4 M. from the village. To the road Vi J^I-i to Schlangenbad IV2M. more. 
 
 Schlangenbad. — Hotels. =^Nassauer Hof, R. from 11/2, D. 3, B. IJf ; 
 -Hotel ViCTOKiA, R. from IV?, L- 40. A. 40 pf., B.l, D.2V2, board b-%Jl\ 
 Hotel Weexer-, Gekmania, D. 2' '2 Jl ; 'Eussischek Kaiser, R. &. A. from 
 2Jl, L. 35 pf., B. 1, D. 21/2, board 5 JSf; Rheingaukr Hof, unpretending; 
 all these have gardens. There are also the Royal Bath Houses (R. 1-10 .//, 
 board 5 J7), and numerous lodging-houses with 'pension', such as the Wald- 
 frieden, picturesquely situated near the woods. 
 
 Baths 11/2 Jt\ those at the new bath-house better, 1 Jl. — A Tax of 
 12 Jl for the season is exacted from a single patient, with 9 Jl for each 
 additional member of a party. 
 
 Carriages, two-horse 5 jl, one-horse 3V2 Jt per hour, after 11 p.m. 
 7 and 5 Jl. — Donkey, per hour, 1 Jl 20 pf. 
 
 English Church Service in summer. 
 
 Schlangenbad (825 ft.) is charmingly situated in a richly-wooded 
 valley , refreshed by a constant , invigorating current of air. The 
 water (84-90° Fahr.), which is only used externally , and is clear 
 and free from odour, and smooth and oily to the touch, is most effi- 
 cacious in skin complaints, convulsive affections, debility, and sim- 
 ilar maladies ; the baths are principally visited by ladies. The old 
 bath-house, or Curhaus, was erected in 1694 by the Landgrave Carl 
 of Hessen-Cassel , then lord of the soil ; the Central Bath dates 
 from the 18th cent. 5 the spacious Lower Bath House was completed 
 in 1868. The terrace is the chief rendezvous of visitors. A covered 
 iron promenade connects the bath-house, thermal spring, and Cur- 
 saal. The environs afford a great variety of shady walks (e.g. Wil- 
 helmsfelsen, the Graue Stein, etc.). 
 
 The reader will find an interesting description of this locality in Sir 
 Francis Head's 'Bubbles from the Brunnens of Nassau'. 
 
 From Schlangenbad to Wiesbaden (I'/z M. ; two-horse carr. there
 
 SCHWALBACH. 20. Rcute. 133 
 
 and back 15-18 Jf). The road by (IVi M.) Georgenbora (1185 ft.; Zur 
 schcnen Aussicht) is the best route for pedestrian?. On the way is a bel- 
 vedere, erected in 1888 in honour of the Empress Augusta. Other points 
 of Tiew above the village. Descent to the C/iausseehaus (see below), 2V4 M. 
 The road from Schlangenbad by Wambach to Schwalbach rises 
 considerably for 21/4 M., and then descends to (21/4 M.) Schwal- 
 bach. Pedestrians may descend by a shady footpath (sign-posts). 
 
 From Wiesbaden to Schtnalbach. — The railway (p. 132) skirts 
 the S. W. side of the town, affording a pretty view of it to the right. 
 21/2 M. Dotzheim (635 ft.; hence to the Spitzenstein, with fine view, 
 84 hr.). The line now leads through wood; on the right rises the 
 Platte (p. 140). 5 M. Chausseehaus (^950 ft.), a forester's house on 
 the old Ems road (p. 140), whence (finger-posts) the Schlaferskopf 
 (1483ft.) may be ascended ini'2^r., andihe Hohe Wurzel (2025ft.), 
 one of the highest summits of the W. Taunus, in 1 hr. (view-towers 
 on both). Farther on, a fine view of Mayence and the Rhine valley 
 is enjoyed to the left. 7i 2^1- Eiserne Hand (1380ft.), the culminat- 
 ing point of the line, whence we may reach in 25 min. the view- 
 tower on the Altenstein (1643 ft.) and in 50 min. more the Platte 
 (p. 140). The line descends into the valley of the Aar and follows 
 it to (9 x\I.) Hahn- Wehen, (10 M.) Bleidenstadt, and 
 
 13 M. Schwalbach. — The Railway Station is about 1 M. from 
 the Kursaal, on the road descending the Aar valley. Omnibuses and car- 
 riages await the trains. 
 
 Hotels. *Alleesaal, with dependance Villa Orebert, first class, D. 4 ^ ; 
 'Hekzog vox Xassau, pens, with E. 8-iO J(\ *Qdellexhof, R. from 3, 
 B. 11/2, board 6 J/ ., "Hotel Metkopole. with dependance, E., L., & A. 
 from 3, B. I'/j, D- 3, pens, with E. from 6 Jl\ TivoLi, with dependance 
 Villa Wilbelmy: Berliner Hof, E., L., Jj A. from 2, B. 1, D. 2V2, pens. 
 with R. from 6 M\, Taukcs Hotel, well spuken of, R. from 2, B. 1, D. 
 2V2, board 5'/2 J!f jiRcssiscHEB Hof; Wagner, D. 2 Jl. — Some of the 
 Lodging-Houses are'very comfortably fitted up (Frau Dr. HassePs, Deutschet 
 Uam, etc.). In July it is advisable to secure rooms in advance. 
 
 Restaurants. -Cursaal. D. 3 ^; ^Dille, at the Berliner Hof; Garten- 
 laube: WeidenJiof, Marktpla'tz, D. i^/i M. 
 
 Baths in the Konigliches Badhaus (6 a.m. till 1.30 p.m., baths from 
 i Jl 20 to 3 Jl). At the Stadt Coblenz, Linde, Zum Lindenbi'unnen^ etc., 
 
 I J/ 2U to 2 Jl 50 pf. per bath. Bath Tax 10 Ji for 1 person ; ^ Brunnenkarte' 
 for drinking the waters 2' 2 Jl- — Music in the morning and afternoon, 
 at the Stahlbrunnen. the Weinbrunnen. and the Trinkhalle alternately. 
 
 Carriages. One-horse 3, two -horse 6 Jt per hour, after 11 p.m. 2 ^-U 
 more; to Eltville 9V2 and 15 Jl. — Donkeys IV2 -M per hour; for ex- 
 cursions there is a fixed tarilT. . 
 
 American Consul, /. //. Smith Esq.., "N'icolas-Str. 22. 
 
 English Church (St. Augiistmt's^ Frankfurter-Str. (Sun. serv. at 8.30, 
 
 II and 6, in winter 3.30j; Chaplain, Rev. /. G. Sanbury, M. A., Walk- 
 miihl-Str. 3 a. 
 
 Schwalbach (950 ft.), officially called Langenschwalbach, 13 M. 
 to the N.W. of Wiesbaden, 91/2 ^1- to the N. of Eltville, and 14 M. 
 to the S. of Zollhaus (p. 199), is situated in a beautiful green 
 valley. It was known as early as the year 800, and was a fashion- 
 able watering-place in the 17th and 18th centuries , but is now 
 regarded more as a health-resort and medicinal spa. The water,
 
 134 Route 21. WIESBADEN. 
 
 strongly impregnated with iron and carbonic acid, is adapted for 
 internal and external use, and is especially efficacious in nervous 
 and female complaints. The annual number of visitors is about 5000. 
 
 The three principal springs, the Stahlbrunnen , in one of the 
 valleys, and the Weinbrunnen and Paulinenhrunnen in the other, 
 are connected by promenades. The other springs are used only for 
 bathing. A handsome Cursaal^ with a restaurant, a reading-room, 
 etc., was opened in 1879. Farther up, beyond the pond near the 
 Weinbrunnen, there are extensive lawn-tennis courts. 
 
 Walks in the pleasure-grounds and adjacent woods. Also to the 
 0/4 hr. ; donkey 50 pf.) Paulitienberg ; the Platte (1330 ft.), the summit 
 of which, with a fine view, may be reached in 15-20 min. more-, and the 
 Brdunchesberg, commanding a good view of the town and the valley of 
 the Aar. — Longer Excursions may be taken past the rail, station, then 
 to the left by the road descending the Aar valley, to the (2V2M.) ruins of 
 Adolphseck (Kling). and to the picturesque ruins of Hohenstein (Inn), 3M. 
 farther on. A good road leads from Schwalbach down the picturesque 
 valley of the Wisper to Gerolstein and (20 M.) Lorch (p. 116). 
 
 21. Wiesbaden. 
 
 Arrival. The stations of the Right Rhenish Railway (R. 20), the Schwal- 
 bach Railway (p. 133), Taunus Railway (R. 29a), and Hessische Ludwigs- 
 bahn (to Idstein, p. 214) are all on the S. side of the town (Plan E, F, 8). 
 Cab from the stations into the town, one-horse, 1-2 pers. 60 pf., 3-4 pers. 
 80 pf. ; two-horse, dO or 1 Ji 10 pf. ; each box 20 pf., small articles free. 
 The Steamboats stop at Biebrich (see p. 125). 
 
 Hotels. *Nassauer Hof (PI. a; E, 4), in the Theater-Platz , with a 
 handsome de'pendance, called the Villa Nassau, Sonnenberger-Str. 1 (PI. 
 E, F, 4), R. & A. from 3'/2, L. 50, B. 1.40, D. 31/2, board 6'/2 JI-, *Vier 
 Jahreszeiten (PI. b; E. 4), also in the Theater-Platz, with lift, R. from 
 2V2, L. & A. 1.30, B. l'/2, D. 3'/2, pens, with R. from 9 JI-, *Rose (PI. c; 
 D, E, 4), Kranz-Platz 7-9, with a large garden, R., L., & A. 3, B. 1.20, D. 
 3'/2-4 Jf; *Pakk Hotel, Wilhelm-Str. 30, with lift; all these fashionable 
 and expensive. Englischer Hof (PI. d; D, 4), Kranz-Platz 11, with lift, 
 suitable for families, board? JiJ; -Victoria, corner of the Rhein Sir. and 
 Wilhelm-Str., with lift, R. 2-41/2, B. 1.20, D. 3, board 51/2 J'«^, bath 70 pf. ; 
 *Adleh (PI. e •■, D, 4), Langgasse 32, near the Kochbrunnen, with a large 
 garden, R. from 21/2, L. & A. 90 pf., B. 1, D. 3 Jl ., -Hotel Block 
 (PI. g-, E, 4), with lift, R. & A. from 21/2, L. 50 pf., B. 1, D. 3 Jf; 
 *H6tel Bellevue, Wilhelm-Str. 2G, R., L., & A. 3'/2, B. 1.20, D. 3, pens, 
 with R. from 8 J(; Hotel Bristol, Wilhelm-Str. 28, with lift-, ^=H6tel 
 St. Petersburg (PI. h-, E, 5), Museum-Str. 3; 'Rhein-Hotel (PI. r; E, 6), 
 to the left on leaving the station, at the corner of the Rheinbahn- Str., 
 with lift; *H6tel dd Nord , Wilhelm-Str. 6 (PI. E, 6), R., L., & A. from 
 2V2, board 5V2 ^/, with lift; all first-class and with baths. — Second Class : 
 *ScHUTaENHOF (PI s; D, 4), Schiitzenhof-Str. 3 and 4. R., L., A., & B. 2V2, 
 D. 2, pens, with R. 4'/2-5 /2 Jl', *H6tel Alleesaal, Taunus-Str. 3, opposite 
 the Trinkhalle: Prince of Wales, Taunus-Str. 23; "Hotel on the Neroberg, 
 see p. 139. For one night: ""Taunus Hotel (PI. i; E, 6), Rhein-Str. 19, first 
 cla.ss, R., L., & A. from 2, D. 3, B. 1 Jl. good wine; Eisenbahn- Hotel, 
 opposite the Taunus Railway Station; 'GriIner Wald (Pl.k: D, 5). Markt- 
 Str. 10, R. from 2, B. 1, D. 2, pens, with R. 4-6 Jl; 'Hotel Weins, 
 Bahnhof-Str. 7 (PI. D, 5, 6), R., L., & A. from U/2 Jf, B. 80 pf., D. 2M; 
 Hotel Tannhauser, Bahnhof-Str. 8; Hotel Vogel, Rhein-Str. 11 (PI. D, 6); 
 *C£NTRal Hotel, De Laspde-Str. 3; Nonnenhof, Kirchgasse 39-41 (PI. D, 5), 
 R., L., & A. 2-272 Jf, D. iJl 70pf., B. 80pf., unpretending, good cuisine; 
 Deutsches Reich, Rheinbahn-Str. 5; Einhorn, unpretending; Dahlheim, 
 Taunus-Str. 15; Prince of Wales, Taunus-Str. 3. — Hotels Garnis:
 
 1 
 
 
 
 WIESBADEN. 
 
 ; i. =■ • - -""" - -'■ 
 
 fe^^- 
 
 + '" 
 
 1 ' 
 
 
 
 ^■^k"^^- -: ' 
 
 
 
 " i: 
 
 .^^ 
 
 
 1^ — '- — ' — ^^ -- 
 
 
 \ ^ ^ \ . - \ 
 
 e 
 
 r
 
 Restaurants. WIESBADEN. 21. Route. 135 
 
 Berliner Hof . JIdlel Dasch, both in the Wilhelm-Str., comfortable but ex- 
 pensive; Bitter, Taunus-Str. 45; also at Wilhelm-Str. 38, R. IV2-6 J(. — 
 Pensions. Qui<isana, Sonnenberger-Str. 25; Villa Boyale, Sonnenberger- 
 Str. 23; Jfonbijou, Erath-. •?tr. 11; Pens. Anglaise (Misses Pearson and 
 Gratrix), Paulinen Str. la; Margaretha, Garten-Str. 10, 14; Fei,s. Ileubel, 
 Pens. Credi, Villa Xizza, all in the Leberberg (PI. E.F, 3); Pens. Inter- 
 nationale, Paulinen-Str. '2: Villa Florence. Rosen-Str. 12; Villa Carola (Miss 
 Stuntial), Wilhelms-Platz 4; Monrepos, Frankfurter-Str. U, 4V2-8 Jl\ Frau 
 Baussmann, Rhein-Str. 31; Villa Hertha (Misses Rodney and Andre), 
 Neubauer-Str. 3; Villa Beatrice, Garten-Str. 12; Villa Helene, Erath-Str. 4; 
 Pent. Continentale, Bierstatter-Str. 4. At Wiesbaden visitors must give a 
 week's notice or pay a week's rent before leaving a pension, unless a 
 special agreement has been made. Most uf the hotels also give 'pension', 
 at b-y J( per day. 
 
 Bath Houses. Europdischer Hof (PI. 1; D, 4). Kochbrunnen-Platz 5; 
 Kaiserbad. Wilhelm-Str. 42; Bomerbad (PI. m; D,4). Kochbrunnen-Platz 3; 
 Engel (PI. n; D. 4). Kranz-Platz 6; Weisser Schwan (PI. o ; D, 4). Kochbrun- 
 nen-Platz 1: Krone (PI. p; D, 4). Langgasse 26; Schwarzer Bock. Kranz- 
 Platz 12 (PI. D, 4) ; Kolnischer Hof, Kleine Burg-Str. 6; Spiegel (PI. q; D, 4), 
 Kranz-Platz 10; Weisses Boss. Bheinstein, etc. Charges vary with the season. 
 
 Restaurants. At ih.e*Cursaal, first class; 'Christmann, UntereWeber- 
 gasse; "Dahlheim, Taunus- Strasse 15 (see above); Pohl, Michelsberg 10; 
 Konnenhof, see above; Bothes Haus, Kirchi^a.'if e iO; Bheinische Weinstube, 
 Spiegelgasse 4; Meier, Luisen-Str. 12, handsomely litted up; Tivoli, Wil- 
 helm-Str. 4; Bathskeller, in the town-hall. Table dhote at all during the 
 season. — Beer. Bier-Salon, in theCursaal; Konnenhof. see SLhove; Schiitzen- 
 hof, with attractive garden (see above); Central Hotel (see above), etc. — 
 Beer Garden (Fel-senkeller) on the Bierstadt Road, to the E. of the town, 
 with a view; near it the Bierstddter Warte, with a still more extensive 
 view. Beau Site, at the terminus of the tramway in the Nerothal, see 
 p. 139; 'Schiesslialle unter den Eichen, 1,2 M. farther on, near the new ce- 
 metery. — Confectioners. Boder, Webergasse 12; Lehmann, Grosse Burg- 
 Str. 14: Brenner d- Blum, V^^ilhelm-StT. ^2; etc. — Anglo-Oriental'Tea-Boom 
 (fitted up in the Japanese style), Adolf-Str. 7, 1st floor. 
 
 Visitors' Tax (not compulsory), (a) For a ijear: 1 person 30 Ji, for 
 families, each additional pers. 10 J(. — (b) For six weeks: 1 person IbJf, for 
 families, each pers. additional bj(. Payment of this tax entitles the vis- 
 itor to the use of the various public sanitary establishments (Kochbrunnen, 
 Trinkhalle, etc.), and of the Reading Room (p. 137), and to attend the or- 
 dinary Concerts (in the Curgarten. daily in summer, 6.30 to 8 a.m. and 4 
 to 5.45 p.m. ; and also 8-10 p.m.). Wednesday balls, etc. Passing travellers 
 may procure day-tickets, admitting to the Cursaal, for 1 Jl. — The Cur- 
 verein (office in the Cursaal) , which publishes the -Badeblatt' daily in 
 summer, will supply visitors with any information they may desire. 
 
 Sanatoria. Lindenhof (Dr. Brauns ; pens, with R. from 5 Ji), Walk- 
 miihl-Str. 43 A 45, in an elevated situation close to the wood; Dietenmiihk 
 (p. 139; Dr. Miiller; pens. 223/4 J( per week); Nerothal, at the entrance 
 to the Nerothal (PI. C, 2j ; baths of all kinds, treatment by massage, electro- 
 therapy, etc. The well-known Z>r. J/e^gre/- of Amsterdam lives in the Rhein- 
 Hotel (see above). — Besides the above-mentioned, there are several other 
 establishments for nervous complaints, maladies of the eyes, etc. 
 
 Theatre (PI. E, 4), daily, except in .Tune and July. 
 
 Tramway from the stations by the Rhein- Strasse, Kirchgasse, Lang- 
 gasse, Taunus-Strasse to the Roeder-Strasse, the Artillery Barracks, and 
 in the other direction through the Wilhelm-Str.. Taunus-Str.. and the 
 Xerothal to Beau Site. Fare 20-30 pf. — Steam Tramway to Biebrich (see 
 p. 125). From the terminus at Beamife in the Nerothal Wiee Rope Rail- 
 way to the Neroberg (up 25 pf., down 15 pf.). 
 
 Post and Telegraph Office (PI. 16; E,7), Rhein-Str. 19. 
 
 English Church (St. Augustine'' s) in the Wilhelm-Strasse; services at 
 11 a.m. and 3.3Up.m. (summer 6p.m.). Chaplain, Bev. J. C. Hanbury, M.A., 
 Heinrichsbertc 12.
 
 136 Route 21. 
 
 WIESBADEN. 
 
 History. 
 
 Beau Site 
 
 Russian Chapel or Sonnenberg 
 
 Neroberg or Clarentbal 
 
 Biebricli 
 
 One-h. 
 
 Two-h. 
 M pf. 
 
 - 60 
 
 -80 
 
 2- 
 
 2 80 
 
 - 90 
 1 10 
 3 - 
 
 4- 
 
 1 — 
 
 1 70 
 
 2 40 
 2 80 
 
 1 40 
 
 2 - 
 
 3 - 
 3 80 
 
 6 00 
 
 15 - 
 
 16 — 
 
 9 - 
 
 18 50 
 20 - 
 
 Cab-TarifiF (double fares from 11 p. m. to 6 or 7 a. m.)- 
 Drive in the town or to any of the villas as far as 
 the Dietenmiihle 
 
 1-2 persons 
 
 34 persons 
 
 By time: per hour within the town, 1-4 pers. . . . 
 - beyond - - - - . . . . 
 (In each case the hirer 
 may keep the cab for 
 ^ 1/2 hr. and then re- 
 ' turn at half these 
 fares; each additional 
 ) 1/4 hr. 30-50 pf.) 
 
 To the Platte and back, with stay of IV2 hr 
 
 To Schwalbach and back (whole day) 
 
 To Schwalbach, and back by Schlangenbad 
 
 Trunk 20 pf., smaller articles free. 
 Hotel-carriages one-fourth to one-third more. 
 
 Wiesljaden (375 ft. above the sea-level, 90 ft. above the Rhine), 
 with 64,700 inhab., formerly the capital of the Duchy of Nassau, 
 and now the chief town of the Prussian district of Wiesbaden, lies 
 on the S.W. spurs of the Taunus Mts., in a basin watered by the 
 Salzbach, and is surrounded by productive orchards and vineyards. 
 It is a very pleasant, and for the most part well-built town. A 
 number of handsome streets have sprung up within the last fifty 
 years in the neighbourhood of the Cursaal and the railway-stations, 
 while the public grounds together with the gardens of the 'Land- 
 hauser' , or villas where apartments are let, greatly enhance the 
 attractions of the place. Wiesbaden is annually visited by upwards 
 of 80,000 patients and travellers. The excellence of its sanitary 
 establishments , coupled with the healthiness of the climate, ren- 
 der it a favourite resort of strangers, even in winter, when living 
 is moreover less expensive than in summer. Many of the neigh- 
 bouring villas are private residences. 
 
 Wiesbaden is one of the oldest watering-places in Germany. *Sunt et 
 Mattiaci in Oermania fontes calidi trans Rhenum, quorum haustus triduo fer- 
 veC is Pliny's account of Wiesbaden (Hist. A'^at. xxxi. 2). On the 
 Eeidenherg , which rises to the N. of the town, traces of a Roman fortress 
 were discovered in 1838, which according to the inscriptions was garrisoned 
 by the 14th and 22nd Legions. The Heidenmauer (heathens' wall ; PI. D, 4), 
 650 ft. long, 10 ft. high, 9 ft. thick, was perhaps a connecting line between 
 the fort and the town. Various objects found here are exhibited in the 
 Museum (p. 138). 
 
 From the Railway Stations (PI. E, 6) the traveller enters 
 the Wilhelm-Strasse (PI. E, 6, 5, 4), planted with trees, and about 
 1/2 M. in length, bounding the E. side of the inner tOAvn, and ad- 
 joined by the Anlagen , or public pleasure-grounds , in which is 
 situated the English Church (PI. E, 5). In the Wilhelm - Str. is 
 the Museum (p. 138). 
 
 At the end of the avenue, to the left, lies the Thbatbr-Platz, 
 adorned with flower-beds and a Bust of Schiller (PL E, 4), a copy 
 of Dannecker's. Three sides of this Platz are occupied by the Vier 
 Jnhreszeiten Hotel, the Nassauer Hof, and the Theatre (PI. E. 4).
 
 Cursaal. 
 
 WIESBADEN. 21. Route. 137 
 
 On the right is the square in front of the Cursaal, embellished with 
 flower-beds and two fountains, and flanked by spacious Doric Colon- 
 nades (PI. E, 41, which serve as a bazaar. To the right is a Per- 
 manent Exhibition of Pictures (adm. 50 pf."). 
 
 The Cursaal [PI. E, 4; adm., see p. 135), completed in 1810 
 from designs by Zais, and dedicated 'Fontibus Mattiacis', is the 
 chief resort of visitors. The facade consists of an Ionic hexa- 
 style portico, while at the sides are long colonnades supported by 
 "24 Doric columns. The principal hall, restored with great taste in 
 1863, is 121 ft. long, 49 ft. wide, and 33 ft. high. The orchestra 
 galleries are supported by 28 Corinthian columns and 4 half-columns 
 of the red and grey marble of the ' ountry. The other saloons are all 
 handsomely fitted up. On the N. side is the restaurant, on the S. side 
 the concert and ball-rooms and the well-supplied reading-rooms. 
 
 The Cnrpark, at the back of the Cursaal, with which it communi- 
 cates by an iron arcade, is the favourite afternoon and evening lounge 
 of visitors to the baths, as well as of excursionists from Mayence and 
 the neighbourhood, who, especially on Sundays, flock to these shady 
 grounds to sip their coffee and enjoy the music. A fountain with 
 a jet 100 ft. in height plays in the great pond every afternoon. 
 
 The Kochbrunnen (PI. D, 4), or boiling spring (156° Fahr.), 
 the most important of the thermal springs (of which chloride of 
 sodium is the chief ingredient), is connected with the handsome 
 new Trinkhalle and with the inhaling pavilions by an iron colon- 
 nade. The visitors assemble here in great numbers between 6 and 
 8 a.m. The external use of the waters is beneficial in cases of rheu- 
 matism, gout, neuralgia, and other nervous diseases, their action 
 resembling that of the Wildbad springs, like which they contain 
 very little salt. Internally they are prescribed for chronic dyspepsia, 
 excessive obesity, etc. In addition to the Kochbrunnen, which, 
 however, is almost entirely used for drinking, there are no fewer 
 than 23 bathins-springs. — The marble Hygieia Group in the Kranz- 
 Platz is by Hoffmann of Wiesbaden. 
 
 The Langgasse, which issues from the Kranz-Platz, and the first 
 cross-street, the Webergasse, are the main streets of the old part 
 of the town. Keeping to the left (S.), we reach the Markt-Platz 
 (PI. D, E, 5), enclosed by the new Rathhaus (PL D, 5), a hand- 
 some building in the German Renaissance style, erected in 1884-87 
 from Hauberrisser's designs; the Protestant Church, the Palace, and 
 the Wilhelms-Hospital. 
 
 The Gothic Protestant Church (PI. E, 5), built by Boos of 
 polished bricks in 1853-62, with five towers (the principal nearly 
 300 ft. high), is the most conspicuous edifice in the town. The choir 
 is adorned with colossal marble statues of Christ and the four Evan- 
 gelists, by Hopfgarten. Bell for the sacristan on the right of the 
 main entrance (50 pf.-l J/). 
 
 The royal (formerly ducal) Palace fPl. D, 5), at the W. corner
 
 138 Route 21. WIESBADEN. Museum. 
 
 of the Market, was built by Ooerz in 1837-40, and renovated in 
 1883. Visitors are admitted daily after 9 a.m. (entrance through 
 the 'Cavalierhaus'). The staircase is adorned with eight sandstone 
 statues by Schwanthaler, and in the dining-room are two Spanish 
 dancers, over life-size, by the same sculptor. The reception and 
 ball rooms are embellished with frescoes by Pose, and some of the 
 other rooms contain good pictures by modern masters. Adjoining it 
 is the ' WiLhelms-Heilanstalt\ or military hospital, a building in the 
 Italian style, by Hoffmann, finished in 1871. 
 
 The Koman Catholic Church (PI. D, 5, 6), also built by Hoff- 
 mann in 1644-49, is a handsome structure in the Romanesque style, 
 with Gothic details and groined vaulting. Altarpiece on the right, 
 Madonna and Child, by Steinle; left, St, Boniface, by Bethel. At 
 the high-altar are fifteen figures of Saints, by Hoffmann, Vogel, and 
 Hopfgarten. — In the Luisen-Platz (PI. D, 6), in front of the 
 church, a sandstone Obelisk was erected in 1865 to the memory of 
 theNassovian soldiers who fell at Waterloo. — In theLuisen-Strasse 
 are the Government Buildings (PI. D, E, 5, 6), erected by Boos in 
 1842 in the Florentine style. 
 
 The Museum (PI. E, 5), Wilhelm-Str. 20, occupying a building 
 erected by Zais in 1812 as a palace for the crown-prince, contains 
 the municipal picture-gallery, collections of antiquities and natural 
 history specimens, and a library. 
 
 The Picture Gallery (open daily except Sat. 11-1 and 2-4 ; in winter on 
 Mon., Wed., Frid., and Sun.; catalogue 30 pf.), on the ground-floor to 
 the right, contains some good modern pictures: Les&ing. Forest scene; 
 J. Becker, Village on fire, a sketch in colours; C. Tviebel, Swiss land- 
 scape; A. Achenbach, View of Porto Venere near Spezia; F. Piloty, Sir 
 Thomas More in prison; W. Sohn, Different paths of life; Herm. Kaulbach, 
 St. Elizabeth; L. Knatis. Tavern scene; F. Hiddemann, 3 e&lousy^ 0. Achen- 
 bach. Coast near Naples; Oehmichen, Sad news; Sondermann, Our heroes; 
 Lindenschmitt, Luther before Cardinal Cajetan at Augsburg in 1518; Rief- 
 stahl. Mourning-assembly; Schug, The disturber ; Lilschauer, False coiners; 
 Jakobidei, The_ wicked angel. Also several Dutch and Italian pictures 
 of the ITth and 18th cent., and several early German" works. — The last 
 rooms also contain the Exhibition of the Central Rhenish Kunstverein. 
 
 The Collection of Antiquities (Mon., Wed.. Frid., 2-6, Sun. li-i and 2-4; 
 illustrated calalogue IV2 Ji) is on the ground-floor to the left. Vestibule 
 and Rooms 1-lV. Roman and Prehistoric Objects. In Room III. Mithras 
 monument, found at Heddernheim ; bronze door, found at Mayence; fine 
 giants' column, found at Schierstein (p. 125) in 18S9. — Room V. Fran- 
 conian Antiquities. — Room VI. Stone Monuments. — Room VII. Models 
 of a Roman villa at Blarienfels and of the castrum of Wiesbaden. — 
 Room VIII. Mediseval Objects, including a fine altar of the 14th century, 
 carved in wood and gilded. 
 
 The first floor contains a well-arranged Katural History Collection 
 (adm. 3Ion., Wed., Frid. 3-6, Sun. 11-1), including Gerning's celebrated 
 Collection of Insects and a complete series of the minerals of Nassau, 
 
 The LiBEAET (daily, except Sat. & Sun.. 10-2), in the upper story, con- 
 tains valuable old MSS., including three parchments (visions of St. Hildc- 
 gard) with initials and miniatures of the l2th and 13th cent. 
 
 On the Michelsberg, on the W. side of the town, rises the 
 Synagogue (PI. D, 0), in the Moorish style, erected by Hoff-
 
 GreeTc Chapel. WIESBADEN. ^1 . Route. 139 
 
 mann^ and completed in 1869. It is covered by a central dome 
 about 120 ft. in height, and four smaller domes at the sides, adorned 
 externally with a kind of red and white mosaic, and internally in 
 the style of the Alhambra. 
 
 Tlie Prot, Bergkirche (_P1. D, 4), a brick edifice built by 
 Otzen in 1877-79 , is a good example of Hanoverian Gothic ; the 
 interior is adorned with frescoes by Schmidt. Sacristan next door. 
 
 At the beginning of the pleasant Xerothal with its numerous 
 villas, which skirts the foot of theNeroberg (see below) to theN. of 
 the town, stands a War Monument for 1870-71. Tramway to Beau- 
 Site in the Nerothal and cable-line thence to the Neroberg, see p. 136. 
 
 To the N.W. of the town, on the road to the Platte (p. 140), are the 
 Old and ^ew Cemeteries (PI. C, 3, and A, 1), containing many handsome 
 monuments. 
 
 Environs of Wiesbaden. 
 
 The promenades of the 'Curpark' (p. 1331 ascend by the Ram- 
 bach in 20 min. to the Dietenmiihle (PI. G, 3), where there is the 
 Hydropathic mentioned at p. 135, with a restaurant. About ^j^hx. 
 beyond it is Sonnenberg (^NassauerHof), a large village with a castle 
 which once belonged to the Counts of Nassau, and was destroyed 
 in 1689 (tavern at the top). The tower (116 steps) commands a 
 pretty view. From the ruins, a road leads to the (}l^ hr.) Bingert, 
 which affords a beautiful view of the Rheingau. Higher up the valley 
 is the Stickelmilhle, a favourite garden-restaurant, a little beyond 
 which, at Rambach, a Roman fort was excavated in 1859. 
 
 To the N. of Wiesbaden, about halfway up the Neroberg, 1 M. 
 to the N. of the Cursaal (j)leasantest route through the Dambachthal, 
 PI. D, 2), is situated the *Greek Chapel (P\. C, 1 ; 538 ft.), erected 
 in 1855 from the designs of Hoffmann as a mausoleum for the 
 Duchess Elizabeth Michailowna, a Russian princess (d. 1845). 
 
 The richly-decorated Chapel, 90 ft. in height, in the form of a Greek 
 cross, is covered by a large, and four smaller domes, all gilded; the highest 
 is surmounted by a Russian double cross, 190 ft. from the ground, secured by 
 gilded chains. The interior is entirely of marble. A rich altar-screen (Ikono- 
 stas) , with numerous figures of saints on a golden ground , painted in 
 Russia, separates the body of the chapel from the choir, to which the 
 priests and their attendants alone have access. The altar, above which is 
 a window with a stained-glass figure of the Saviour, is visible only during 
 divine service. A pentagonal recess on the !N. side contains the beautiful 
 "Monument of the Duchess, by Hopfgarten of Berlin, to whom are also due 
 the other sculptures of the chapel (angels, prophets, and evangelists). 
 During divine service (about noon and Sun. 10-11. dU a.m.) the public are 
 not admitted. At other times the chapel is shown by the sacristan (1 Jf, 
 several persons 50 pf. each). 
 
 The summit of the wooded *Neroberg (800 ft. ; PI. B, C, 1), to 
 theN.W. of, and ^/^hi. above the chapel (cable- tramway to the top 
 from the tramway-terminus Beau-Site, at the end of the Nerothal, 
 see p. 135), commands an extensive prospect. The *Hotel (also 
 pension ) on the top is suited for a stay of some time (adm. to the 
 view-tower 10 pf.). Promenades intersect the wood in every di-
 
 140 Route 21. WIESBADEN. 
 
 rection, and extend as far as (33/4 M.") the Platte (see below), the 
 way to which is shown by a guide-post. Other paths, also indi- 
 cated by finger-posts, lead to the Speierskopf (10 min.l, the 
 Felsengruppe [20 min.), the LeichtweisshbhLe (25 min.), the Trauer- 
 buche (^35 min.), and various other points. 
 
 The Platte (1640 ft. ; carriage past the cemeteries, see p. 139 ; 
 footpath by the Neroberg see above), a shooting-lodge of the Grand- 
 Duke of Luxembourg, built in 1824 on a height about 41/2 ^1- to 
 the N. of Wiesbaden (comp. the Map, p. 124), is frequently visited 
 for the extensive view (finest by evening-light), embracing the Spes- 
 sart, Odenwald, and Donnersberg, and the valley of the Rhine as 
 far as the Haardt Mts., with Mayence in the foreground. The two 
 fine stags at tlie entrance were modelled byRauch (adm. iJ/, 50 pf. 
 each for a party). Inn adjacent. — Pedestrians may descend from 
 the Platte to the S.E. to (3 M.) Sonnenberg (p. 139). The path, 
 which diverges from the main road to the left by a grove of oaks, 
 is distinctly visible from the platform. Wiesbaden lies I1/2 M. to 
 the S.W. of Sonnenberg. 
 
 About 2 M. to the W. of Wiesbaden, to tbe right of the old Schwal- 
 bach (Ems) road, lies the ancient nunnery of Claretithal. founded in 1296 
 by King Adolph of Nassau and his consort Imagina of Limburg; above it 
 is a building formerly used as a Pheasantvy (restaurant). — About IV2 M. 
 farther on (41/2 M.- from Wiesliaden). is the Chausseehaus. a forester's house 
 (rail, station^ hence to the Schld/erskopf and the Ilohe Wurzel see p. 133). 
 — In a valley to the right of the Schwalbach road, is the extensive fish- 
 breeding establishment of Capt. Forst (fashionable *Restaurant). 
 
 Another very pleasant excursion may be made to the Kellerskopf 
 (1560 ft. ; belvedere and inn), which is reached from Wiesbaden via Ram- 
 bach in 2 hrs., and may be ascended from Niedernhausen (p. 221) in one 
 hour. A beautiful forest-path that leads to it, diverging from the old Id- 
 stein road, can scarcely be found without help. 
 
 Wiesbaden is connected with Mosbach (p. 125^ 3 M. to the S.) by a 
 double avenue of horse-chestnuts. Halfway to the village is the Adolphs- 
 hdhe, a restaurant which affords a beautiful view. 
 
 22. Mayence. 
 
 Arrival. The Central Railway Station (PI. E, F, 1; -Restaurant) 
 for the lines of the '•Hessische Ludwigsbahn'' to and from Bingen. Worms, 
 Frankfort (by the left bank of the Main), and Darmstadt, is situated at 
 the W. end of the town. Hotel-omnibuses meet the trains. The S. part 
 of the town is served by the Neuthor Station (PI. A, 3), which is con- 
 nected with the Central Station by a tunnel under the citadel, 1300 yds. 
 long. — By means of omnibuses passengers and luggage are conveyed from 
 the Central Station to the st ition of the Taiinus and Right Rhenish Railway 
 at Castel (comp. Plan), for the trains to Frankfort, Wiesbaden, Rudesheim, 
 Labnstein, etc. The omnibus-fare is included in the price of through 
 tickets. There is also a tramway between the stations. — Ferry-boat to 
 Castel, see p. 216. 
 
 Hotels. On the Rhine: 'Hof von Holland (PI. c; D, 5), Rhein- 
 Str. 77, R. from 2 Jf 50 pf., L. 50, A. 70 pf., B. 1 Jl 20 pf., D. 3 Jf; 
 'Rheinischer Hop (PI. a; D, 5), Rhein-Str. 61, R,, L., & A. from 2, B. 
 1.20, D. 3 Jf, with cafe (see below); -Englischer Hof (PI. b;D,5), Rhein- 
 Str. 89; these three are of the lirst class. — Stadt Cublenz (PI. h; C, 4), 
 Rhein-Str. 49, very fair; Gekmania (PI. f; C, 4), Rhein-Str. 43, both un- 
 pretending. — In the Town: Karpfen (PI. k; C, 4), opposite the post-office,
 
 
 iTiEU3s>T3^\V'^ sruimj^"
 
 MATENCE. 22. Route. 141 
 
 E., L., & A. 2-2' L', B. 1. D. 2', 2 U(f, commeTcial ; Lasdsberg (PI. 1; D, 4), 
 Lohrgasse 29, R. 2 J/, B. 80 pf., D. P/iJt; Hotel zcr Post (PI. m; C,4). 
 Brandgasse U, E., L., <fe A. 1V2-2 Jf, B. SO pf., D. IV2-2V2 ^//j Schwax, 
 Liebfrauen-Platz 7. — /n the New Totcn, near the Central Station : *Pfalzee 
 HOF (PI. n; E, 2), Mun,ster-Platz, E., L., & A. from 2, B. 1 Jf, with restau- 
 rant; Maixzer Hof (PI. o; E, 2), corner of Eahnhof-Str. and Porcus-Str., 
 R. 2-3, B. i J/; Central Hotel (Pl.p;E, 2\ Bahnhois-Platz 8; *Tauncs- 
 HoTEL, Bahnhof-Str. 15. — Hessiscueh Hof, Bahnhof-Str. 12; Pfeil, Bahn- 
 hof-Str. 14; Weis, Bahnhof-Str. 2; Stadt BrsGEK (PI. p; F, 2), Kaiser- 
 "Wilhelm-Ring 6; these three unpretending. — Al Castel: Aneer, opposite 
 the new bridge, with small garden, moderate (good beer). 
 
 Restaurants. Wine. Casino (PI. D, 4), Schuster-Str. ; Volk, near the 
 theatre; Schican. Liebfrauen-Pl.itz 7 ; Kirsch, Liebfrauen-Platz 12, good and 
 moderate; Gvndlach, Triton-Platz ; ffavaczik, Jacoh.sbergergasso 1 (PI. B. 4), 
 good cuisine; (7t»/?tvr//i«««, Grosse Bleiche ; Railicay Rent'iii.vont (see above); 
 8(adthalle, see p. 145. — Beer. Caf^ de Paris, see below; Wocker, Ba- 
 varia, Dominikaner-Eck, in the Triton-Platz (PI. D, 3) ; Beil. Oeist, near the 
 Rhein-Str., in an old church; Caf^ Nevf, Insel 6 (PI. D, 3), etc. Beer- 
 rooms of the Rheinische lirouerei and the Aciien-Brauerei near the Central 
 Station. Anker Hotel at Castel, see above. — Cafes. Cafi de Paris. Guten- 
 bergs-Platz, with ladies' ro"m; cafe in the Aeue Anlage. see p. 150; 
 Schitlte. at the Hotel Rheinischer Hof (see above); Kaiserhof, Gutenberg- 
 Platz ; Wienei' Ca/<'\ Gynmasium-Str. 4; Deutschev Kaiser, in the Kaiser-Str., 
 in the new town. — Confectioner. Volk, Theater-Platz. 
 
 Baths, hot and cold, on the quays on the Rhine; also Swimming 
 Baths. Municipal Baths : Weissliliengasse 11 (PI. B, 3) and Kurfiirsten- 
 Str. 25 (PI. G, 3). 
 
 Cabs. One-horse for Vi l^r-i 1-2 pers. 50, 3-4 pers. 70 pf. ; for 1 hr. 
 2 Jl or 2 JiJ 30pf. ; each box 20 pf., travelling-bag 10 pf., smaller articles 
 free; Nene Anlage or Cemetery 80 pf. or \ Ji--, Zahlbach or Weisenau, 1 M 
 or l^/20pf. ; to Castel, incl. bridge-toll, 90 pf. or 1 M. — Two-horse about 
 a third more. — For each hour of waiting half the above charges per hour ; 
 for return-journeys one-half fare more than the single journey. In 
 summer double fares from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m.: in winter a fare and a 
 half from 7 to 9 p.m.. and double fares from 9 p.m. to 7 a.m. 
 
 Steamboats to Riebrich every '/z hr. in summer, and to Kostheim, 
 starting above the new bridge. 
 
 Tramways, see the Plan ; fares 20 and 10 pf. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Office, in the Brand (PI. D. 4), and at the Central 
 Station. 
 
 Theatre (PI. D, 3), in winter daily. Summer Theatre in the Stadthalle 
 (see above), several times weekly. — Music, on San., Wed., Frid., and Sat. 
 afternoon in the Xeue Anlage (p. 150); on Sun., Tues., and Thurs. even- 
 ing in the Stadthalle (p. 145). 
 
 Permanent Exhibition of the Hessian Art-Union in the Theatre (in 
 summer only). — Photographs: C. Bertel, Grosse Bleiche 50. 
 
 Chief Attractions. Cathedral and its monuments (p. 146), the Gutenberg 
 Jlonument (p. 148), the Eigelstein (p. 150), and the collection of Roman Anti- 
 quities in the Palace (p. 143); the Rhine Quay and the new bridge and 
 harbour (p. 145). 
 
 Mayence, or Mentz, German Mainz (270 ft,), a strongly fortified 
 town with 72,300 inhab. (23,000 Prot., 4000 Jews), including a 
 garrison of 8000 soldiers, is pleasantly situated on the left bank of 
 the Rhine, opposite and below the influx of the Main, and is con- 
 nected with the small town of Castel on the opposite bank by a 
 bridge opened in 1885. The old streets of the town were for the 
 most part narrow and crooked, but a number of handsome build- 
 ings and new streets have sprung up of late, while ample space for 
 a 'Neustadt', almost tripling the size of the old town, has been
 
 142 Route 22. MAYENCE. History. 
 
 afforded by the recent widening of the line of oircumvallation. Large 
 new harbours have also been built and brought into use. 
 
 Mayence is historically one of the most interesting of the Rhenish 
 towns. Its important strategic situation has in all ages attracted attention. 
 The town and its most ancient name (Mogontiacum) are of Celtic origin. 
 The establishment of a Roman camp (Castrum) here is generally ascribed 
 io Drusus^ the son-in-law of Augustus (B.C. 14), but is more probably due 
 to Agricola (B. C. 38). The camp occupied the entire table -land between 
 Mayence and Zahlbach (p. 151), and was adjoined on the side next the 
 Rhine by a colony consisting chiefly of traders and veterans. In order 
 more effectually to protect the passage of the Rhine, a second smaller 
 Castellum was soon afterwards constructed on the opposite bank, whence 
 the present Castel derives its origin and name. Mayence was the seat of 
 the legate, or governor, of Oermania Superior. 
 
 Authentic accounts prove that Christianity flourished at Mayence in 
 the fourth century (about 368), and the town afterwards became a bishop- 
 ric. Under St. Boniface (or Winfried, d. 755), the apostle of Central Ger- 
 many, the see was raised to an archbishopric and made the seat of the 
 primate of Germany. This prelate, the son of an English wheel-wright, 
 was so little ashamed of his parentage that he assumed a pair of 
 wheels as his armorial bearings, which are retained to this day in 
 the arms of the city. In 1254 Arnold Walpoden (d. 1268), a citizen of 
 Mayence and the chief of the patrician family of the 'Lowenhaupter'', 
 founded the League of the Rhenish Towns. Mayence became the centre 
 and leader of this powerful association, which ere long was strengthened 
 by upwards of a hundred other towns, from Bale on the S. to Bremen 
 and Munster on the N. Such was the commercial prosperity of the town 
 at that period that it was called the 'Goldene Mainz\ Two centuries 
 later, however, it lost most of its extensive privileges in consequence 
 of a violent attack made upon it by Archbishop Adolph of Nassau in 
 1462, on which occasion 500 citizens were killed, and the most influential 
 banished. Thenceforth the once independent city was ruled by the arch- 
 bishops. Its university, founded in 1477, boasted of such distinguished men 
 as Nicholas Vogt, John v. Miiller, Bodmann, and George Forster among 
 its members, but it was suppressed by the French. 
 
 On 22nd Oct. , 1792, the French republicans under Custine entered the 
 town almost without a blow , but it was retaken the following year by 
 the Prussians. In 1797 it was ceded to France by the Peace of Campo 
 Formio , and became the capital of the Department of Mont Tonnerre. 
 In 1814 it was assigned to the Grand Duchy of Hessen. The Fortress of 
 Mayence belonged to the German Confederation down to 1806, Austria 
 and Prussia having the joint right of providing the garrison. Since 1866 
 the works have been considerably strengthened and extended. 
 
 The Central Railway Station (PI. E, F, 1) was built byBer- 
 ddle and ornamented in 1884 ^y Scholl a,n^ Barth. — TheKAiSER- 
 Strasse, the main street of the new town, a handsome avenue over 
 60 yds. wide, embellished with trees and flower-beds, and flanked 
 by handsome houses extends from the station to the Rhine. 
 
 The Bahnhof-Str. (PI. E, 2), to the right of the Kaiser-Strasse, 
 leads to the Kleine Munster-Platz (PI. E, 2), which occupies the 
 site of theMiinster-Thor. The Schiller-Str., in which are the Govern' 
 ment Buildings^ diverges hence to the right to the Schiller-Platz 
 (p. 149], while the Grosse Bleiche runs eastwards towards the 
 Rhine, in a direction almost parallel with the Kaiser-Strasse. 
 
 The Grosse Bleiche (PI. E, 2, 3, 4] is the principal street in 
 the old town of Mayence. On the N. side of it (No. 15) ia the former 
 Stadiori' sche Hof. In a small square to the left is the Neubrunnen,
 
 Palace. MAYENCE. 22. Route. 143 
 
 an ol)elisk with river-gods and lions below. Farther on, to the right, 
 is the handsome Concert Hall of the Liedertafel, finished in 1890. 
 
 On the right, at the E. end of the street, where it enters the 
 Schloss-Platz, is the Church of St. Peter (PI. E, 4), erected in 1751, 
 with bold vaulting and frescoes by Appiani. — On the N. side of 
 the \?Lrge Schloss-PLatz (PI. F, 4], which is surrounded with avenues 
 of trees and is used as a drilling-ground, are extensive barracks. 
 
 On the E. side of the sqiiare rises the former electoral Palace 
 (PL E, 4, 5), a large red sandstone edifice, begun in 1627 and 
 hastily finished in 1678 on a much less grand scale than that ori- 
 ginally contemplated. The wing facing the Schloss-Platz was com- 
 pleted in 1754; the main facade fronts the Rhine. It was the resi- 
 dence of the electors down to the French occupation (p. 142) of the 
 town. It is now occupied by several collections, including that of 
 *Roman and Germanic Antiquities (chiefly consisting of objects 
 found at Mayence or in the environs, and one of the richest in Ger- 
 many), the *Roman-Oermanic Central Museum, the Picture Gallery, 
 and the Public Library. — The collections are open on Sun. 10-1 
 and 2-5 and Wed. and Thurs. 2-5 (in winter Sun. 10-1, Wed. 2-4) 
 free; at other times cards of admission (50 pf.) must be obtained. 
 Entrance, Schloss-Platz 15. 
 
 The Vestibule contains the original models of Thorvaldsen''s statue of 
 Gutenberg (p. 148) and ScholVs statue of Schiller (p. 149). To the right, 22a. 
 Altar with reliefs of various divinities, erected by the 'Vicani Moy:ontiacenses 
 vici novi\ At the entrance of Hall I. : 246a. Tombstone of the herdsman 
 Jucundus, with a metrical inscription in which the name of the river Main 
 occurs as 'Moenus\ — Beyond this we enter a suite of four halls containing 
 Roman and mediaeval monuments in stone (catalogue of the Roman in- 
 scriptions, Im.). Hall I. : Roman altars and tombstones: 222a, 167, 169, 
 222, 224. Military tombstones, with reliefs; 130. Drusus Germanicus. — 
 Hall II. : 241, 2i2. Tombstones of children, with appropriate inscriptions ; 
 247. Tombstone of a slave, with a representation of the symbols of mor- 
 tality. — Hall III.: *232. Tombstone of Blussus, a ship-master, with reliefs 
 of himself, his wife, and child on the one side, and his vessel on the other. 
 The same hall contains sculptured fragments, tiles and pipes stamped with 
 the marks of different legions, etc. — Hall IV. : Mediaeval objects, including 
 reliefs of the seven electors, of Emp. Henry VII., and of St. Martin, dating 
 from 1317, brought from the old Merchants' Hall; Jewish tombstones of the 
 13th and 14th centuries. — Returning to Hall I. and crossing the staircase 
 (on which are stakes from the Roman bridge over the Rhine; mosaic 
 pavement; 22Sa. Richly ornamented tombstone of a Roman officer; 130a. 
 Public monument erected in honour of the Emp. Claudius, by the Roman 
 merchants at Mayence), we next reach — 
 
 Room I., containing mediaeval objects (armorial bearings, weapons, 
 vases); objects found in the Roman tombs in the Xeue Anlage (see below) 
 and during the removal of the Roman bridge over the Rhine in 1880-82; 
 also a model of the bridge (p. 145). — Room II., adjoining this on the 
 right, contains Germanic antiquities (both native German objects and ancient 
 imported Italian articles discovered in German tombs). Clay vessels from 
 the most primitive times ; weapons and implements of flint and horn ; 
 ornaments; bronze and iron weapons. Room III. To the left of the en- 
 trance are Roman, to the right. Franconian antiquities. We first inspect 
 the Roman section. By the first window: "Objects from the Roman civil 
 cemetery discovered in 1883 and 1886 in the Neue Anlage (3rd cent. A. D.); 
 in the window niche, skeleton of a woman with a wig, in the original
 
 144 Route 22. MAYENCE. Museum. 
 
 leaden coffin; in the tail adjoining glass-case two other well-preserved 
 Roman wigs, fine glass, etc. In the separate case to the right the con- 
 tents of a Eonian shoemaker's workshop, with sandals, leather, and tools, 
 found in 1857 in the Schiller-Platz. By the second window : remains of a 
 goblet in perforated work ('vas diatretum'); bottle with chased Bacchic 
 scenes; toward the centre, female head in bronze; chariot with figure in 
 bronze-gilt ; in the cabinet behind it, weapons and utensils of various kinds. 
 In the window recesses, two bronze water-taps, in the shape of lions' 
 heads, rings; in the show-cases keys, pins, glass vessels, sury;ical instru- 
 ments, military diplomas, etc. At the last window, below a large glass- 
 covering: funereal urns of five legionaries. Beside them, stone-coffins. On 
 and in the case on the back wall, clay-vessels of all kinds ; funereal urns. — 
 The Franconiaa antiquities occupy the right side of the room. On the 
 pillars the most ancient Christian inscribed stones found on the Rhine. 
 Under a glass covering at the third window, the entire tomb of a Franconian 
 woman , from Oberolm. The cabinets contain an extensive collection of 
 Franconian weapons, ornaments (partly enamelled and inlaid), utensils, etc. 
 On a revolving stand, under glass, arc a gold enamelled 'Fibula', of the 
 12th cent., tankards, a Roman hand-glass, and ivory-carvings. 
 
 The ^Roman- Germanic Central Museum, wliicli we next enter, 
 contains reproductions of the most interesting ante-Christian anti- 
 quities of Germany, and affords a unique survey of the extant mon- 
 uments of this kind. It is partly supported from imperial funds. 
 
 Room I.: Germanic Antiquities (both native and imported Etruscan). 
 Bronze weapons, tools, stone moulds, gold articles. On the wall and at 
 the windows overlookini; the Rhine, Collection of all known forms of 
 Germanic bronze implements. On the walls, Egyptian and Assyrian sculp- 
 tures. — Room II.: Raman Antiquities. In the last window-recess, 'Figure 
 of a Roman legionary in full uniform. — Room III. : Franconian (Ale- 
 mannian and Eurgundian) Antiquities. Roman and Norman objects. — On 
 the Staircase: model of a Roman catapult, and tombstones with scenes 
 from Roman domestic lite. 
 
 We now ascend the staircase (cartoons of Veit's paintings in 
 the cathedral, p. 147) to the second floor, on which is the Picture 
 Gallery. The hest pictures were presented by the French Govern- 
 ment in 1803. Catalogue 20 pf. 
 
 Room I., with ante-room. Slodern pictures: 9. H. Baisch, Cattle; 11. 
 Schonleber, Canal at Dordrecht; 15. E. von Eeuss. Thorvaldsen. — Rooms 
 II and III. ^Netherlandish Works: 31. Lairesse. Baptism of St. Augustine; 
 45. Jac. von Artois, Founding of the Chartreuse, a large landscape (figure 
 of St. Bruno Iv Le Sueur :):, 56. Fr. Franckm the Elder., David and Goliath; 
 60. L. von Valkenburc/^ Tlie building of the tower of Babel ; 63. Livens, Head 
 of an old man. 69. Mierevelt, Don Ruy Gomez, Spanish secretary of state; 
 74. Sal. van Euv.ulael, Landscape. — Room IV. Flemish Masters (two large 
 bequests of good pictures, in a provisory arrangement): Tenievs the Younger, 
 A. Ostade, S. van Rtiysdael, J. van Goi/en, etc. — Room V. Italian and Spanish 
 Wasters : 1U5. Lor. di Credi, Madonna ; 113. Guercino, St. Francis of Assisi ; 
 108, 109, 110. Sodoma, St. Jerome in a landscape. Adoration of the Infant, 
 The young Tobias (three admirable pictures of his early period, forming 
 a winged altarpiece). In the centre of Room V. is an astronomical clock 
 (of the end of the 18th century). — Room VI (Mayence Room). Views of 
 the city: portraits of governors of Mayence. Elaborately ornamented ceil- 
 ing. — Room VII. German Masters of the 17th and 18th cent.: 273. Raphael 
 Mengs, St. Catharine. — Room VIII. Flemish Masters: '-275. Jac. Jor- 
 duens., Christ among the doctors; 2.'^5. P. de Vos, Lady in a poultry-y:.rd. 
 — Room IX. Old German School: 288. Early Copy of Diirer by H. Grien, 
 Adam and Eve (original at Madrid); 311. 312. Franconian School, winged 
 altarpiece, in the centre Adoration of the Magi, on the wings the Stoning 
 of Stephen, at the back Annunciation; 322. Master of the St. Bart/tolomew 
 (Cologne School), St. Andrew. — Room X. French Masters: 324, 325, 330,
 
 New Bridge. MAYENCE. 22. Route. 145 
 
 331. Eanucci, after Claude Lorrain^ Four periods of the day, painted for the 
 Empress Jose'phine in 1812 (original at St. Petersburg); 326, 329. Mignard, 
 Poetry, History, Painting, and the God of Time; 327. Nattier, Princess 
 Talmont; 328. Pesne, Portrait of himself. — Rook XI. Modern paintings, 
 chiefly German : F. Becker, The squires of Roland (5 water-colours) ; 344. 
 W. Lindenschmifl, Archbishop Willigis challenges the Schools ; 358. /. Miiller- 
 Massdorf, A merry tale. 
 
 Opposite the picture-gallery are two rooms containing casts, and the 
 Akademie-Saal, built by the last Elector Friedrich Karl von Erthal in 1775, 
 with ceiling-painting by Januarius Zick and portraits of the builder and 
 of Grand-duke Ludwig II. of Hessen (d. 1892), by E. v. Hems. 
 
 The Library and the Collection of Coins occupy the second and 
 tliird floors of the W. wing. 
 
 The former consists of about 180,CX)0 vols., including 1200 MSS. from the 
 8th cent, onwards, and 4500 incunabula, among which are early impressions 
 by Gutenberg, Fust, and Schofler, from 1459 onwards. The reading-room 
 contains portraits of nineteen electors. In the I. Koom is a remarkable 
 exhibition of typographical curiosities, manuscripts, etc. and a collection 
 of pictures connected with Gutenberg and the invention of printing, and 
 a case containing typographical medals. — The Coins (12.000 specimens) 
 include a full set of those of Mayence, from the time of Charlemagne down 
 to the overthrow of the electoral sway. 
 
 The collection of the Rhenish Xatuhal Histoet Societt on the 2nd 
 and 8rd floors is extensive and well-arranged, the biological collection of 
 insects being particularly interesting (fine view from the corner window). 
 
 — The II. Section, to the right of the stair, contains an ethnological col- 
 lection from the South Sea islands; the fauna of the Mediterranean in 
 excellent examples; the geological collection, etc. 
 
 The CocET contains the remains of an old Roman bridge, which con- 
 nected Mayence with Castel, removed from the Rhine in 1881. The bridi:e 
 was probably built in the 1st cent, of our era and was afterwards re- 
 peatedly restored. From a view of it on a leaden medal found at Lyons, 
 the upper part seems also to have consisted of stone. 
 
 Opposite the Electoral Palace , to the S. , is the Palace of the 
 Grand Duke (PL E, 5), formerly a Lodge of the Teutonic Order, built 
 in 1371-39 in the Baroque style, and connected with it is the Ar- 
 senal, which was erected by Elector Philip Charles in 1736. 
 
 A handsome Esplanade, 100 yds. broad and planted with trees, 
 has been constructed along the Rhine, beginning on the S. at the 
 railway-bridge mentioned at p. 150; it extends on the X. past the 
 extensive new harbour to thelngelheimer Aue (p. 126). — Opposite 
 the arsenal, at the spot where the old Roman bridge once stood, the 
 Rhine is spanned by a new iron *Bridge (PI. E, 5; toll 4 pf.), 
 erected in 1881-85 from designs of Thiersch. Of the five arches the 
 central one has a clear span of 334 ft., and the others of 321 ft. and 
 282 ft. The bridge commands a line panorama. Castel, see p. 216. 
 
 — The Stadthalle (PI. D, 5) is a modern building in the Renaissance 
 style, with the largest hall in Germany, used for balls, concerts, 
 and public meetings. Cafe-Restaurant, see p. 141; view of the 
 Rhine from the terrace. Near it, Rhein-Strasse 19, is the so-called 
 Iron Tower ('Eiserne Thurm'), containing a number of Roman 
 tombstones and other stone monuments. 
 
 The centre of the old town of Mayence is occupied by the 
 market-place, in which are a fountain erected in 1526 by Elector 
 Albert of Brandenburg (restored"), and the imposing cathedral. 
 
 Bakuekek's Rhine. 12th Edit. 10
 
 146 Eoute22. 
 
 MAYENCE. 
 
 Cathedral. 
 
 The *Cathedral (C. 4) was built under Archbishop Willigis 
 (975-1011) on the site of a church of St. Martin, mentioned as 
 
 early as 735, but it was 
 burned down immediately 
 after its consecration in 
 1009. It was then restor- 
 ed, but again destroyed by 
 fire in 1081, 1137, and 
 1181, after each of which 
 occasions it was re-erected 
 on a grander scale than 
 before. In the 13th, 14th, 
 and 15th centuries various 
 Gothic additions were 
 made to the edifice. In 
 1767 it was injured by 
 lightning , and in 1793 
 again damaged during the 
 siege, after which it was 
 repeatedly used as a maga- 
 zine. In 1814 it was at 
 length repaired and restor- 
 ed to its sacred uses. A 
 thorough restoration of the 
 E. part of the building 
 was carried out in 1868- 
 79, under the superintend- 
 ence of Herr Cuypers of 
 Amsterdam. The Roman- 
 esque middle tower was 
 erected in place of a Gothic 
 tower with a dome, while 
 the crypt under the E. 
 choir and the two side- 
 towers were renewed in harmony with the extant remains. In con- 
 sequence of all these vicissitudes the church possesses great value 
 in the history of architecture. In its present form it consists of 
 nave and aisles with chapels, an E. and a W. choir, and a W. tran- 
 sept. The groups of towers at the E. andW., especially the pictur- 
 esque W. tower above the cross, present an imposing appearance, 
 somewhat injured, however, by the numerous additions. The E. 
 round towers date from early in the 11th cent. ; the Chapel of 
 St. Gothard at the N. end dates from 1137 (p. 14S) ; the slender 
 pillars of the nave, each alternate one of which is provided with a 
 ressault, were erected after 1137; the pointed vaulting and the "W. 
 choir (above which is an equestrian statue of St. Martin) were built at 
 the end of the 12th and beginning of the 13th cent., the chapels in
 
 Cathedral. MAYENCE. 22. Route. 147 
 
 the 13-15th cent., and the fine cloisters in 1397-1412, while the 
 upper part of the main W. tower was restored after a fire in 1767. 
 
 The Maln Entkance, which is reached between some of the 
 houses in the market-place, is in the N. aisle. The two brazen doors, 
 which formerly belonged to the Liebfrauenkirche (a church taken 
 down in 1804), were executed by order of Archbp. Willigis in 988, 
 as the Latin inscription on the border of the wings records. On 
 the upper panels are inscriptions, engraved in 1135, enumerating 
 the privileges granted to the town by Archbishop Adalbert I., out 
 of gratitude for his liberation from the hands of Henry V. (p. 266). 
 — There are other entrances in the E. facade in the Liebfrauen- 
 Platz, with interesting capitals at the S. portal, and in the S. tran- 
 sept, opening from the Leich-Hof. The cathedral is open daily 8-9 
 and 9.30-12 a.m., and2-6p.m. The verger, who lives in the Leich- 
 Hof, shows the Memorie, cloisters, crypt, etc., at other times also on 
 application (fee). 
 
 The *Ikterior, the vaulting of which is borne by 56 pillars, is 
 122 yds. long, 50 yds. broad, and 89 ft. high in the nave. The 
 vaulting of the "W. choir, nave, and aisles has been painted dark 
 blue and richly decorated, the dome of the W. choir and the nave 
 being adorned with paintings. The subjects of the latter are (in the 
 dome) scenes from Old Testament history referring to the sacrifice 
 of Christ, and (in the nave) scenes from the life of Christ. Design- 
 ed by Ph. Veit^ they have been executed by Hermann, Lasinsky, 
 and Settegast. By the removal of the whitewash the red sandstone 
 and the grey limestone have been restored to light. 
 
 The most interesting feature of the interior consists in the 
 numerous Tombstones it contains, ranging from the 13th to the 
 19th century. We begin to the right of the principal entrance. 
 
 N. Tkansept. The Font, cast in pewter, with reliefs by Meister 
 Johannes, in 1328, has been transferred hither from the E. choir. Monu- 
 ments of the * Von Guhlentz family, 1592. The handsome Portal of the St. 
 Gothard Chapel, in the transition - style , formerly belonged to the HeiJ. 
 Geistkirche. 
 
 N. Aisle. By the 1st pillar, *Monument oi Albert of Brandenburg, 
 Elector of Mayence and Archbishop of Magdeburg (the statue, of Kelheim 
 stone, admirably executed). 1545; adjacent is his tombstone, by the same 
 pillar. Opposite the 5th pillar, in the chapel of the Virgin, which was 
 restored in the Gothic style and embellished with painting and stained 
 glass in honour of Bishop Ketteler's 25th year of office, is the monument 
 of that prelate (d. 1877). Opposite the 7th pillar, in the St. Magnus Chapel, 
 are an entombment in stone and numerous reliefs in marble. The Raising 
 of Lazarus, by the pillar, is a masterpiece of late mediaeval wood-carving. 
 By the 8th pillar on the E. is a monument erected by Bishop Gerlach to 
 St. Boniface in 1357, on the site of one still older; till 1829 it was in the 
 church of St. John. — Beneath is the entrance to the crypt, see p. 148. 
 
 A flight of 19 steps ascends hence to the Pf aekchor, or E. Choir, the 
 floor of which has been raised about 8 ft. by the restoration of the crypt. 
 It is not now used for divine service. To the right in the — 
 
 IsAVE, by the 10th pillar. Elector Peter v. Aspelt, or Aichspalt (d. 1320), 
 coloured, leaning with his right hand on Henry VII. and with his left on 
 Lewis the Bavarian, the two emperors crowned by him ; adjoining him, King 
 John of Bohemia. The colouring has been restored in 1S34. Several other 
 
 10*
 
 148 Route -22. MAYENCE. Cathedral. 
 
 monuments of archbishops and electors. By the 6th pillar on the N. side, 
 'Elector Diether v. Isenhurg^ 1482. Opposite is the Pulpit, executed in stone 
 at the end of the 15th cent., with a modern covering in wood. By the 4th 
 pillar on the N. side, '^Albert of Saxony, administrator of the arch- 
 bishopric, 14S4, with a simple and noble figure of the youthful prince. 
 Opposite (S. side), -Elector Berthold v. Ilenneberg, 1504, probably by Tilman 
 Riemenschneider, one of the finest monuments in the cathedral. By the 
 2nd pillar on the S., ''Elector Jacob v. Liebenstein. 1508, late-Gothic. 
 
 S. Aisle. The Chapel of All Saints (1317) contains an altar in the 
 Renaissance style, presented in 1604 by Phil. Cratz von Scharfenstein, after- 
 wards bishop of Worms. By the 7th pillar, "^Elector Damian Hartard v. d. 
 Leyen. 1678. In the chapel opposite is a Renaissance altar presented by 
 Canon Fried, v. Fiirstenberg (d. 1607), and a winged altarpiece in carved 
 work on a gold ground representing the Twelve Apostles and the Coronation 
 of the Virgin, 1517. St. MichaeFs Chapel has some fine stained glass, and 
 an altar of 1662 in the Renaissance style. — To the left of the handsome 
 entrance-portal (14th cent.) to the 'Memorie' and cloisters (see below) a Slab 
 (probably renewed in the 14th cent.) is built into the wall bearing an in- 
 scription so the memory of Fastrada (or Fastradana), the third wife of 
 Charlemagne; she died at Frankfort in 794, and was buried there in the 
 church of St. Alban which was destroyed in 1552. 
 
 The S. Tkansept contains several monuments to prelates of the 18th 
 century. A fine head of Saturn on the monument of Canon von Breidenhach- 
 Biirresheim (.1743). and the noble Gothic monument oi Archbp. Conrad II. 
 V. Weinsberg, 1396, adjoining the W. choir, are noteworthy. 
 
 The BiscHoFscHOE, or W. Choir, separated from the transepts by 
 galleries of 1682, contains choir-stalls erected in 1767. In the dome are the 
 paintings already mentioned (p. 147). 
 
 From the S. aisle the late-Romanesque (13th cent.) portal above noticed 
 (closed, sacristan for one visitor 40-50 pf.) leads into the Memorie, once 
 the chapter-house or episcopal council-chamber, erected in 1243, and roofed 
 with wide groined vaulting. To the right here is the old entrance, a 
 beautiful Romanesque portal of the 13th century. By the W. wall (r.) 
 is the episcopal throne in stone. Adjacent are several monuments of the 
 years 1536, 1550, and 1558. — The Gothic Chapel of St. Nicholas , to the 
 S. of the Memorie, possesses some elegant Gothic ornamentation of the 
 14th cent., Renaissance choir-stalls (1580), and modern stained glass. 
 
 The 'Cloisters, erected in 1397-1412 in the Gothic style, also contain 
 several monuments. On the S. wall is Schwanthaler s Monument to 
 Frauenlob, a female figure decorating a coffin with a wreath, erected by 
 the ladies of Mayence in 1842 to Count Heinrich von Meissen (d. 1318), 
 surnamed Frauenloh (women's praise), 'the pious minstrel of the Holy 
 Virgin, and of female virtue". Beyond it, on the E. wall, is a relief, with 
 good heads, brought from the garden of the Capuchins in 1839, and erroneously 
 supposed to represent the submission of the rebellious citizens of Mayence 
 to the Archbishop in 1332. Near it is an older tombstone of Frauenlob, 
 erected in 1783, a copy of the original of 1318. 
 
 The Crypt, under the E. choir (entrance p. 147; verger has key), 
 restored in 1872, contains some very antique Romanesque round pillars, 
 with square capitals. 
 
 Between the IN. transept of the cathedral and the Markt, concealed 
 from view by surrounding buildings, is the Chapel of St. Gothard, a double 
 church with aisles, a characteristic Romanesque building, completed in 
 1136. It originally formed the chapel of the Archiepiscopal palace (entrance 
 from the N. transept, p. 146). 
 
 Near the cathedral is the Gutenberg's Platz (Pi. C, D, 3), 
 which is embellished with a ^Statue of Gutenberg, the inventor of 
 printing, designed by Thorvaldsen, executed at Paris, and erected 
 in 1837. At the sides of the pedestal are two reliefs. The inscrip- 
 tion at the back by Ottfried Miiller runs thus : —
 
 statue of Gutenberg. MAYENCE. 22. Route. 149 
 
 Aviem quae Oniecos latiiit, latuitque Latinos, 
 
 Oermani soUevs exludit ingenium. 
 Nunc, quidqidd veieres supiunt scipiuntqtte recenles, 
 Non sibi, sed populis omnibus id sapiunt. 
 
 JoHANN ZUM Gensfleisch, sumamed Gutexbeeg, was born in Mayence 
 about the end of the 14th cent, at Ko. 23 Emmeransgasse (PI. D,3), or '■Hof 
 zum GensfleiscK' as it is called by the inscription. The '•Hof zum Guten- 
 herg\ which once belonged to his mother's family, now the Casino (PI. 
 D, 4), is in the Schuster- Strasse (see below), and also bears an inscrip- 
 tion. Gutenberg's first printing-office was at the Hof zum Jungen, Franzis- 
 kanergasseS, near the Stadthaus-Strasse, and those of Johann Fusf &nd Peter 
 Schoffer at the Hof zum Humbrecht, Schuster-Strasse 20, and the Schoffer- 
 J7o/rKorbgasse 3, all indicated by memorial tablets. The second possesses 
 a late-Gothic staircase. — Owing to the obscurity which envelopes the 
 inventor of printing, and to the fact that he had several contemporaries 
 of the same name as himself, there is some difficulty in identifying 
 him. Native and foreign writers, however, of the 15th cent, agree in 
 naming the above-mentioned Gutenberg as the inventor. His first attempts 
 were made between 1440 and 1450; and the earliest book printed with 
 moveable types was the famous -t2-line Bible (1450-1455). Johann Fust, 
 who had assisted Gutenberg in this work, succeeded in obtaining a jud- 
 icial decision in his favour, on Nov. 5th, 1455, confirming him in the 
 sole possession of the printing-office, which he thereafter managed till 1466 
 with the aid of Peter Schoffer. 
 
 Opposite the monument is the Theatre, erected in 1833. — In the 
 Schuster-Strasse, one of the chief business-streets, which runs off 
 the old market-place, is the Gothic Church, of St. Quentin (PI. D, 4), 
 with old ceiling-paintings (15th cent), and near it the Church of 
 St. Christopher, in the transition style. Between them is the large 
 Invalid Hospital and adjacent \\\e Knehel' sche Hof \^•ith a rich oriel 
 in the Renaissance style. 
 
 Following the broad Ludwigs-Strasse from the theatre towards 
 the W., we reach the Schilleb-Platz (PL D, 2, 3), planted with 
 lime-trees, bounded on the S. by the OsteinerHof now the residence 
 of the Military Governor and of the Commandant, and on the W. by 
 the Bassenheimer Hof, the Infantry Barracks and Military Casino, 
 and embellished with a bronze *S£atue of Schiller, designed by SchoU, 
 and erected in 1862. The Fountain Pillar, of Felsberg syenite 
 (p. 230), was brought from the palace of Charlemagne atlngelheim 
 (p. 129). — To the Central Station via the Schiller-Str., see p. 142. 
 
 The broad Emmerich-Joseph-Strasse leads hence W. to a flight 
 of 76 steps ascending to the Mathilden-Terrasse (PL D, 2), which 
 commands an extensive view of the town and environs. On the Kiis- 
 trich (Castrum) a new and well-built quarter of the town has sprung 
 up since the explosion of a powder-magazine here in 1857. 
 
 On an eminence in the neighbourhood rises the handsome Gothic 
 Church of St. Stephen(Pl. C, 2), erected in 1257-1312 on the highest 
 site in the town (98 ft. above the level of the Rhine), and taste- 
 fully restored after the explosion mentioned above. It consists of 
 nave and aisles of nearly equal height, a peculiarity rarely seen 
 in Rhenish churches. Among the objects of interest it contains are 
 various Oriental and early-Roraanesque works of art, chasubles of the
 
 150 Route 1>IK MAYENCE. Citadel. 
 
 11th and 14th cent., and altarpieces by Veit over the side-altars 
 to the right and left of the choir. Behind the high-altar are a late- 
 Gothic canopy of 1500 and 4 colossal brass candelabra of 1509. The 
 treasury contains several interesting Oriental and early-Romanesque 
 objects, the dalmatic of St. Willigis, etc. The octagonal Tower, 
 170 ft. high , commands a beautiful view (visitors ring near the 
 flying buttress to the right of the N. door of the tower). The late- 
 Gothic Cloisters, dating from 1499, entered from the right aisle, are 
 remarkable for their tasteful vaulting and windows. 
 
 The Stephan-Str. continues from the church to the new 'Eis- 
 grubweg', where the Windmuhlenberg (PI. B, 3), an eminence 
 planted with lime-trees, commands one of the finest views of the 
 cathedral, between the houses. — Beyond the Alarm-Bastion is the 
 entrance to the citadel. 
 
 In the S.W. corner of the Citadel (PL A, 3 ; adm. by cards, ob- 
 tainable at the office of the Commandant, p. 149; 50 pf.), which 
 occupies the site of the Roman castrum, rises a dark-grey, circular 
 mass of stone, called the Eigelstein, or Eichelstein, a monument said 
 by tradition to have been erected in the year B.C. 9 by the 2nd and 
 14th Legions in honour of Drusus , who was killed by a fall from his 
 horse. The name, which was in use early in the middle ages, is 
 connected with the Latin aquila, or eagle. The external masonry 
 has long since disappeared, and the monument has undergone many 
 changes in height and form. At the beginning of the 16th cent, it 
 was 82 ft. high, or about double the present height. In 1698 it was 
 furnished with a spiral staircase in the interior ; the top commands 
 a good survey of the town and environs. 
 
 The Neue Anlage (restaurant; music, p. 141), or public pro- 
 menade, on a slight eminence near the Neuthor (PI. A, 4; tram- 
 way), on the 8. side of the town, occupies the site of the electoral 
 chateau of Favorite. The grounds are intersected by the railways to 
 Frankfort and Darmstadt, and to Ludwigshafen. The former crosses 
 the Rhine by the Railway Bridge, which lies obliquely between the 
 Mayence bank and the opposite, 'Mainspitze'. This bridge, which 
 consists of four arches, each about 137 yds. in span, was con- 
 structed in 1862 on Pauli's system. It commands an admirable 
 view up and down stream. 
 
 The Wallstrasse (PLE, F, G , 1) begins behind the Central 
 Station, beyond the viaduct which carries the Binger-Str. over 
 the railway, and ascends to the right along the inner side of the 
 new fortifications. It leads past the Gonsenheimer-Thor, a military 
 stores factory, and the Cavalry Barracks (distinguished by a gilded 
 horse from the former electoral stables) to the Mombacher - Thor, 
 and commands a striking view of Wiesbaden, the Tannus, and the 
 Rheingau. The Gonsenheimer-Thor is about 1/2 ^- from the Cen- 
 tral Station, via the 'Gonsenheimer Hohle'. 
 
 About 1 M, from the Gau-Thor (PI. C, 2), and about the same distance
 
 KREUZNACH. 
 
 23. Route. 151 
 
 from the Bin^^er-Thor (PI. E, 1). on a hiJl to the right of the village of 
 Zahlbach . are the remains of another interesting Roman structure , an 
 Aqueduct, of which 60 concrete pillars, some of them 23 ft. high, are 
 still standing. By this channel a supply of water for the use of the 
 Roman castle was conducted to a reservoir on the site of the present 
 Entenpfuhl ('duckpond"), a distance of about 6 M. The spring called the 
 Konigs-Born, which the aqueduct connected with the Castrum, is at 
 Finthen ■( Fcntariae), on the road to Bingen, 5 M. from Mayence. 
 
 The Cemetery, which was once the burial-ground of the Roman 
 lejrions and of the earliest Christian church (St. AiireusJ, lies outside the 
 Binger-Thor. It occupies an eminence near Zahlbach (see ahove), and 
 deserves a visit for the sake of its situation and its tasteful arrangement. 
 
 23. From Bingerbriick to Kreuznach, Saarbriicken, 
 and Metz. 
 
 Comp. Maps., pp. 157., 174. 
 
 137 31. Railway to Kreuznach in Va-'^'i hr. (fares 1 Jl 20, 90, 60 pf.) ; 
 to Saarbrilcken in 3-53/4 hrs. (fares 11 J(50, 8.70, 5.80) •, to Metz in 41/2-6 hrs. 
 (fares 18 Ji 90, 12.1'0, B.tO). 
 
 The line begins at Bingerbriick (p. 120), on the left bank of the 
 Nahe , skirts the S. slopes Hunsrilck, traverses vineyards and corn- 
 fields , and passes several small stations , the most important of 
 which is (5 M.") Langenlonsheim (branch-line to Simmem, 28 Jf 
 
 10 M. Kreuznach. — There are two stations: 1. Stadt Kreuznach, 
 1/2 M. from the town, and l'/4 M. from the Curhaus ; 2. Bad Kreuznach, on 
 the E. side of the island on which the baths are situated. Hotel-omni- 
 buses and cabs (see below) await the arrival of the trains. 
 
 Hotels. In the town: *Adlek. Ilochstrasse, R., L., & A. 21/2, B. 1, D. 
 2'/2, pens, from 6..//; Pfalzer Hof , next the post-office, R. 2V2, B. 
 1 Jf, A. 50 pf., both with gardens; Taube, on the left bank of the Nahe, 
 R., L., A. , & B. 2 Jl 10, D. l'/2 Jf. — Near the Bad Kreuznach station: 
 HcFF, Salinen-Str. ; TrvoLi; beer at both. Bathhouses and hotels in and 
 near the Bade-Insel. for patients, mostly closed in winter: 'Cceqaus, R. 
 12-36 ,Y/ a week; *Englischer Hof, 'Kadzenbeeg, *Oeanienhof, *Diieil- 
 ScHMiDT, Eueofaischer Hop, H(jtel Rotal, Hotel Riedel. *Grand Hotel 
 DD NoRD, opposite the Elisabeth-Quelle. Dr. Heemaxn's Private Baths, etc., 
 and many other lodging-houses and pensions, nearly all with baths ; pens, 
 at these 7-10.,//; highest charges from loth June to 15th Aug. 
 
 Restaurants. Park Resiai.rant, near the Curhaus bridge; Heilquelle, 
 Gravius, on the right bank of the Nahe; Tivoli, on the Bade-Insel, with 
 garden ; Taube.. at the Stadthaus, wine; Worth, with shady garden ; Kaiserav, 
 above the island, at the foot of the Kauzenberg (p. 153), with garden. 
 
 Cabs. Drive in the town, 1-2 pers., with one horse 60 pf., with 2 
 horses 1 Jl-., 3-4 pers., 90 pf. and i J/cOpf. ; per hour, in the town 2 or 
 3 J(, outside the town 2'/2 or 31/2 *V1^. Carriages to the following places 
 and back, with 2 hrs. stay: — 
 
 Rheingrafen- 
 stein ... 
 
 Rheingraf en- 
 stein via Miin- 
 ster 
 
 Rheingrafen- 
 stein.Miinster, 
 and the Ebern- 
 burg 
 
 1-horse 
 
 .41 pf. 
 
 7,50 
 
 9 - 
 
 -horse 
 
 
 1-horse 
 
 2-horse 
 
 ^^pf. 
 
 
 Jl pf. 
 
 J( pf. 
 
 9 - 
 
 Miinster .... 
 Miinster (with- 
 
 4 — 
 
 6- 
 
 
 out returning) 
 
 2 - 
 
 3- 
 
 12 - 
 
 Ebernburg or 
 
 
 
 Altenbaumburg 
 
 6 - 
 
 9 - 
 
 
 Rothenfels 
 
 9 - 
 
 12- 
 
 
 Disibodenberg 
 
 10 - 
 
 15 - 
 
 
 Schloss Dhaun 
 
 IS - 
 
 24 - 
 
 13,50 
 
 Sponheim , . . 
 
 7,50 
 
 10,50
 
 152 Route 23. KREUZNACH. From Bingerbriick 
 
 Omnibus to Miinstnr am Stein every V2 lir., 30 pf. 
 
 Visitors' Tax. The 'Brunnen Karte' for the season costs for one pers. 
 9, for a family 15 Jf ; single ticket admitting to the grounds of the Cur- 
 haus 50 pf. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Office (PI. 3), in the :sreustadt, on the left bank 
 of the Xahe; dnrinsr the season also at the Curhaus. 
 
 English Church Service during the season at 11 a.m. and 5 p.m. 
 
 Kreuznach (340 ft.), which from the 13th to the 15th cent, was 
 the capital of the County of Sponheim , then belonged to the Pala- 
 tinate, and since 1814 has been Prussian , lies on the Nahe, about 
 10 M. from the Rhine. Pop. 18,000, of whom one-third are Roman 
 Catholics. The river separates the Altstadt and tlie ^BadevierteV, with 
 the larger Protestant church (PI. 6) and the Roman Catholic church of 
 St. Wolfgang, on the right bank, from the Neustadt, with the Roman 
 Catholic parish - church (PI. 7), on the left, and above the town 
 forms the Bade-Jnsel, or Bath Island (see below). Several bridges 
 cross the river and unite the different parts of the town. The old 
 stone bridge, which crosses the lower partof the island, and on the 
 buttresses of which several houses are built affords, a picturesque 
 view. The Protestant Church of St. Paul (PL 5) replaces an ear- 
 lier edifice, destroyed in 1689. The ruins of the Gothic choir of 
 the latter, dating from 1330, were fitted up as an English Chapel 
 in 1857-63 (PI. 8). Adjoining the church is the marble statue, by 
 Cauer, of Dr. Prieger (d, 1863), whose exertions greatly contributed 
 to increase the attractions of the bath. The Protestant School, in 
 the Kreuz-Strasse (Altstadt), contains the municipal collection of 
 Roman and mediaeval antiquities (apply to the school-janitor). — 
 To the N. of the Altstadt, beside the glass-works, is the Heiden- 
 mauer ('Heathens' wall'), the remains of a Roman fortification. A 
 Franconian palace afterwards stood in this neighbourhood. 
 
 Kreuznach is a watering-place of considerable repute , and 
 is visited by upwards of 6000 patients annually. The Salt Baths, 
 which are particularly beneficial in cases of scrofula and cutaneous 
 diseases , are situated on and near the Bade-Insel , or Bade- 
 worth, where a new and attractive quarter of the town has sprung 
 up. The principal street, flanked with hotels, lodging-houses, and 
 gardens, leads from the church in a straight direction to the Cur- 
 haus, with the Badehaus or Bath House, built in 1872, and forming 
 the rendezvous of patients and visitors , and the Inhalatorium (a 
 double 'Gradir-Haus', with a central passage). Many of the former 
 drink the waters of the Elisabeth-Quelle, a spring containing bro- 
 mine and iodine, and rising from the porphyry rock at the S. end of 
 the island. In bad weather the promenaders take shelter in a covered 
 walk, 130 yds. long. Concerts are given here thrice daily in the sea- 
 son. Agate wares of Oberstein (p. 157) are offered for sale here. 
 
 Opposite the Curhaus an iron bridge crosses the narrower arm 
 of the Nahe and connects the island the pleasant '■BadevierteV, 
 consisting of baths and lodging-houses, on the right bank. The 
 road in a straight direction leads to the Bad Kreuznach Station
 
 to Metz. MUNSTER AM STEIN. 23. Route. 153 
 
 (p. 151"), V-2 ^^- ^^^°^ *^® Curhaus. Near this station is the studio 
 {?l. 2) of the brothers Caiier, well known for their skilful treat- 
 ment of subjects from the domains of fairy-tale ('Sleeping Beauty', 
 'Cinderella', etc.). 
 
 On the N.W, side of the town, on the left bank of the Nahe, rises 
 the Schlossberg or Kauzenberg (490 ft.), with the ruins of a castle 
 of the counts of Sponheim, destroyed by the French in 1689. The 
 hill is laid out as private pleasure-grounds, only the principal avenues 
 of which are open to the public. The vineyards on its S. slopes 
 yield an excellent wine, called 'Kauzenberger'. The summit com- 
 mands a fine view of the valley. A lion hewn in stone, brought here 
 from Dhaun (p. 156), commemorates Michel Mort, a butcher of 
 Kreuznach, who sacrificed his life in battle to save his prince, Jo- 
 hann von Sponheim, Paths, with picturesque views, lead hence by 
 the wooded Haardt to the Rothenfels (p. 154). 
 
 On the right bank of the Nahe, the Salinen-Strasse leads past 
 the Oranienhof (near which , to the right , is an iron suspension 
 bridge) and the Victoriastift , a charity hospital for children , to 
 (1 M.) the salt-works and 'Gradirhauser' (evaporating sheds) of 
 Carlshalle and Theodorshalle {Hotel Rees ; Hotel Schreiber, R. 
 10-15 .// per week; lodging-houses; restaurant in the Curgarten; 
 refreshments at the forester's house in the wood). These baths, the 
 property of the Grand-Duke of Hessen, may also be reached by a 
 shady path along the Nahe. About iV2 ^- farther on lies — 
 
 Hunster am Stein. — Hotels. *Cckhaus, k., l., & A. 31/2, B. 1, 
 D. 3, board S'^S'/z, R. 12-28 .if per week; *H6tel Low, *H6tel Bacm, 
 at both R. from '2V2, B. 1, D. 2'/2, pens. 5 J(; Zrpp, R., L., & A. 2 ^, B. 
 80 pf., D. 2 Jl 20, pens, with R. 5'/2-'5 Jf- — Stolzenfels, well spoken 
 of; ScHWAN"; ExGLiscHER HoF ; Parisek HoF. Xumerous private hotcls 
 
 Restaurants. Curgarten and Cursaal; Trumm's Restaurant, in the 
 Huttenthnl, on the right bank of the Nahe (see p. 15i). 
 
 Visitors' Tax for 1 pers. 10, 2 pers. 15, 3 pers. 18 .U. 
 
 Miinster am Stein (370 ft.; rail, stat., seep. 154), a village 
 pleasantly situated at the foot of the Rheingrafenstein and the Gans, 
 also possesses salt-springs, and has of late years acquired impor- 
 tance as a watering-place. The waters of the principal saft-spring 
 (87°) are conducted directly to the baths, which are well fitted up. 
 The Curgarten is connected with the springs by a covered way. 
 Miinster am Stein is on the whole less expensive than Kreuznach. 
 
 The * Eheingraf enstein (770 ft.), a picturesque cliff of por- 
 phyry, here rises 435 ft. almost perpendicularly from the Nahe. 
 We cross the river by the ferry near the saline springs, and ascend 
 the Huttenthal for about ^4 M., when a good path diverges to 
 the right and leads to the ruin in 1/2 ^^« (fine view). The boldly- 
 situated ruined castle, built in the 11th cent., once the residence 
 of the 'Rheingraf en' (Rhenish counts), was blown up by the French 
 in 1689. 
 
 The *GanB (1060ft.), an indented ridge of porphyry, II/2 M- to
 
 151 Route 23. EBERNBURG. From Bingerhrilck 
 
 the N.E. of the Rheingrafenstein, commands a more extensive view, 
 emhracinsr the Nahethal as far as Bingen and part of the Rheingau. 
 From Kreizxach to the Gans, Rheingrafenstein. and Munster am 
 Stein, a beautiful walk of 2V4-2V2 hrs.; route hardly to be mistaken. About 
 100 paces beyond the small temple on the Ktihberg (IV2 M. to the S. of 
 the Bad Kreuznach Station-, comp. M;.p) a path diverges to the right, lead- 
 ing to the (I/2 hr.) Rheingrafensieiner Hof^ whence several paths ascend to 
 the top of the Gans. From the Gans a field-road (direction-post) runs 
 towards the S. through the wood to the Rheingrafenstein. Descent to the 
 Nahe through the Huttenthal, see above. — By passing to the left of the 
 Rheingrafensteiner Hof we reach (35 min.) the Schclferplacken , where the 
 boundaries of Prussia, Bavaria, and Hessen meet. Thence to the right to 
 the Altenbaumburg (see below), 1/2 br. 
 
 Opposite the Rheingrafenstein, to the W. , rises the *Ebern- 
 burg, once the stronghold of Franz von Sickingen(b. 1481, d, 1523), 
 and at that time often an asylum for outlaws and fugitives, foremost 
 among whom ranks Ulrich von Hutten, the reformer, who resided 
 here in 1520-22. The castle was fortified by the French in 1689, 
 but was again dismantled at the Peace of Ryswyk (1698). Out of 
 the ruins rises a quaint, pinnacled building, fitted up as an Inn. 
 Below the castle, a Monument toSickingen and Hutten, byC. Cauer, 
 was erected in 1889. Fine prospect of the grand environs. — At 
 the foot of the hill lies Dorf Ebernburg (vSchneider's Restaurant; 
 Sickinger Hof; railway-station, see p. 155). 
 
 The view from the Rothenfels (970 ft.), a barren red porphyry 
 cliff 3 M. from Kreuznach, and i^/o M. from Miinster-am-Stein, 
 surpasses that from the Gans, as it extends farther up the valley of 
 the Nahe and embraces the Alsenzthal as far as the ruin oi Landsberg . 
 
 A charming excursion from Munster am Stein may he made either 
 via the Rheingrafensteiner Hof and the Schaferplacken (see above) , or 
 through the Huttenthal, a valley on the opposite bank of the Nahe (ferry, 
 already mentioned), and finally through beautiful woods, to the (IV4 br.) 
 Altenbaumburg (-Restaurant), an extensive ruined castle destroyed by the 
 French in 1689, the ancestral seat of the ancierft 'Raugrafen', and formerly 
 called the Boinieburg, or Cronebiirg. Another route is by railway to Alten- 
 haniberg (p. 155) and then on foot to (25 miu.) the Altenbaumburg. — Schloss 
 Montfort may be reached from Munster, bv the Ebenihuvg and Bingert., in 
 2 hrs. (refreshments at the Montforter Hof). — The *Lemberg (1312 ft.), 
 which rises precipitously from the Nahe, near Bingert (1^/4 hr. from Miin- 
 ater), couemands an extensive panorama. Restaurant at the top, open in 
 summer three days weekly. The descent may be made by the (20 min.) 
 bridge of Oberhausen to (V2 hr.) stat. Waldbockelheim (p. 155). — The Lem- 
 berg may also be ascended from stat. Niederhatisen (p. 155), with a guide, 
 in IV4 br. 
 
 Rail-way to SAARBRtJCKBN and Mbtz. The district between 
 Kreuznach and Waldbockelheim (see below) and the neighbourhood 
 of Oberstein are the most picturesque portions of the line. Leaving 
 the principal station at Kreuznach, the train crosses the Nahe, stops 
 at the Bad- Kreuznach station (p. 151), and skirts the base of the 
 Gans (p. 153). To the left, where the train next crosses the Nahe, 
 rise the two curious pinnacles of the Rheingrafenstein (p. 153). 
 
 121/2 .Ar. Munster am Stein (370 ft.), see p. 153.
 
 to Metz. SPONHEIM. '23. Route. 155 
 
 Froji Munstek am Stein to Kaiseeslautern. 37 V2 M., railway in 
 11/2-21/2 lirs. (fares 4 Uif SO, 3 Uif 20. 2 .// 10 pf.). The line crosses the Xahe, 
 which here forms the boundary between Prussia and Bavaria, and beyond 
 (V2 M.l Ebernhurg (p. 154), ascends the valley of the Alsenz. — 2V2 M. 
 Altenbamberg lies at the foot of the Altenbaumburg (p. 154). — 31/2 M, 
 Hocfistdtten. 
 
 1 M. Alsenz (Post), a village with a coal-mine. From Alsenz to (4V2 M.) 
 Gaugrehweiler^ diligence once a day, then on foot through the valley of 
 the Appel to Iben and via Wonsheim to Flonheim (comp. p. 252). — On 
 the hill to the right of (9'/2 M.) Manniceiler is the ruin ot Ratideck. 10 M. 
 Bayer/eld-CoUn; 12 M. Dielkirchen. 
 
 14 31. Rockenhausen (Deutsches Hatis), a considerable village, the best 
 starting-point for the ascent of the Donnersberg (see p. 252). — I6V2 M. 
 Imiweiler. 
 
 20 M. Winnweiler (Zum Donnersberg), an industrious village, with 
 iron-works and a copper-foundry, near the picturesque Falkensteiner Thai, 
 with the ruin of Falkenstein. — 22 M. Langmeil, junction for the line from 
 Alzey (see p. 243). —241/2 M. Neuhemsbach-Sembach. From (27 M.) Enken- 
 frflcAthe direct line to f 331/2 M.) Raise rslau tern (p. 259) diverges to the 
 right via (311/2 M.) Esdsfurth. — The main line continues to (31 M.) Eoch- 
 speyer, where it joins the 'Pfalzische Ludwigsbahn' (p. 269). — 371/2 31. 
 Kaiser slaidern, see p. 259. 
 
 Beyond a cutting the Ebernhurg (p. 154) appears on the left. 
 The train next runs between the Nahe and the base of the preci- 
 pitous Rothenfels (p. 154), and after going through two tunnels, 
 passes the villages of Norheim, Niederhausen, and Oberhausen, and 
 an abrupt rock rising on the right , crowned with the ruins of 
 Bockelheim, destroyed by the French in 1688, in which the Emp. 
 Henry IV. was kept prisoner by his son Henry V. in 1105. — 1972^1- 
 Waldbockelheim lies in a side-valley. 2 M. to the N. of the station ; 
 the above-mentioned ruins are 1 M. from the station. 
 
 The castle and abbey of Sponheim lie 1/2 hr. to the N. of Waldbockel- 
 heim. The church, consecrated in 1123. occupying the site of an older 
 structure, and belonging to the former Benedictine Abbey, of which the 
 learned Johannes Trithemius (p. 183) was abbot in 14^4-1506, is a line ex- 
 ample of the Romanesque style, and has been restored. — 3 31. to the 
 X. of Sponheim is Argenschicang, with a ruined castle, and l'/2 31. farther 
 Dalberg, with the ruins of the ancestral seat of the family of that name. 
 
 Emerging from the next tunnel, we observe on the left, beyond 
 the Nahe, the extensive ruins of Disibodenberg, a monastery foun- 
 ded after the death of the Irish bishop Disibodus (d. about TOO), 
 the first propagator of Christianity in this district (20 min. to the E. 
 of Staudernheim). It was rebuilt in the I'ith cent., but abandoned 
 in 1559, and soon fell into decay. The abbey church, consecrated 
 in 1143, was an imposing edifice with pillars ; the vaulting of the 
 choir , which was composed of nave and aisles, was borne by im- 
 bedded columns. The secular portions of the monastery are in the 
 Gothic style of the 13th cent., when it had come into the posses- 
 sion of the Cistercians. Adjoining the church were the cloisters, 
 and to the right of them the chapter-house. Farther to the W. was 
 the residence of the abbot, with a view over the valley of theNahe, 
 and to the E. was the refectory, of which the gable-walls are still 
 standing. The custodian shows a number of Gothic fragments 
 (chiefly key-stones) from the old building, which are collected in
 
 156 Route '23, KIKN. From Bingerbriick 
 
 a vault. The pleasure-grounds around the ruins afford a good sur- 
 vey of the valleys of the Nahe and its affluent the Glan. 
 
 22^2 ^I- Staudernheim (460 ft.; Salmen, moderate) lies to the 
 left, on the right bank of the Nahe, connected with the station by 
 the five-arched 'LandgrafenBriicke'. 
 
 Diligence from Staudernheim thrice daily in IV-j hr. (carr. 41/2 J() to 
 Meisenheim (Engel), a Prussi;m district-town, 7 M. to the S.. pleasantly 
 situated on the Glan. The old ^Schlosskirdie, a gem of late -Gothic 
 architecture, was built in 1479 and restored in 1878-80. From Bleisenheim 
 to Lauterecken Cp. 260), diligence twice daily. 
 
 24 M. Sobernheim (500 ft.; Post; Adler; Sonne), is a small 
 town of some antiquity, enclosed by a wall. It possesses a late- 
 Gothic church and an old chapel, parts of which perhaps date from 
 the 10th century, and several picturesque old houses. 
 
 27 M. Monzingen (Dick's Hotel ; Pflug). On the right, farther 
 on, is (30 M.) Martinstein (Seipel), curiously built on a rock, with 
 its church on an eminence surrounded by a fine group of trees. 
 The station is V2M. from the village. Beyond it, in a valley opening 
 on the right, are situated the ruins of Schloss Dhaun. The Keller- 
 bach traverses an imposing rocky gorge, 
 
 *Schloss Dhaun , the seat of a branch of the Rheingrafen which be- 
 came extinct in 1750, was erected in the 12th cent., and greatly extend- 
 ed in 1729. This strikingly- picturesque castle is situated 6 M. from 
 Monzingen , 274 M. from Martinstein, and 31/2 M. from Kirn (see below ; 
 carriage 1^/2 Jt)- A relief over one of the doors, representing an ape 
 giving an apple to a child , commemorates the incident that a child of 
 one of the Counts was carried off by an ape, but fortunately recovered. 
 Magnificent view of the valley of the Nahe as far as the Lemberg, of the 
 Simmerthal, and the dark ravines of the Soonwald. Admission, including 
 fee to attendant, 30 pf. Near the entrance is an Inn (also pension). 
 
 On an eminence to the right stands the church of Johannisberg, 
 which contains ancient tombstones of the Rheingrafen. The train 
 next passes through a tunnel and reaches — 
 
 33 M. Kirn (595 ft. ; Stroh, at the station; Kothen), a thriving 
 little town (5200 inhab.), with manufactures of cloth and leather, 
 and a brewery. During last century it was the residence of the 
 Princes of Salm-Kyrburg, the last of whom was guillotined at 
 Paris in 1794. The old Romanesque church, with a Gothic choir 
 of the 15th cent., contains a fine tabernacle and several tombs of 
 the Rheingrafen. Above the town, 1 M. from the station, is the 
 ruin of Kyrburg (Restaurant), surrounded with vineyards. 
 
 The valley now expands, but the line again enters a mountain- 
 ous district at (35 M.) Sulzbach , where the cliffs become more 
 abrupt. The most interesting part of the line in point of construc- 
 tion is between Kirn and Birkenfeld, where there are no fewer than 
 twenty bridges over the Nahe and ten tunnels, while the whole of 
 the remaining part of the line has five bridges and five tunnels 
 only. Before (38 M.) Fischbach the train crosses to the right bank. 
 — 39 M. NahboUenbach. Then follow two bridges between which 
 is a tunnel. To the right a*View of the 'Fallen Rock' is obtained.
 
 to Metz. OBERSTEIN. 23. Route. 157 
 
 and then of Oberstein, situated most picturesquely on the opposite 
 bank. 
 
 42 M. Oberstein (870 ft. yRtstaurant at the station, with pavilion 
 and view ; Post^ Stark^ in the town, near the new bridge, both moderate; 
 agates sold at many shops), a town with 6300inhab., is the finest 
 point on the Nahe. The precipitous cliflfs, 400 ft. in height, which 
 confine the town within narrow limits, are crowned with two ruined 
 castles of the Barons of Oberstein, who became extinct in 1670. The 
 best way to the castles (there and back 1 i/o hr.)is the'Burgweg', ascend- 
 ing to the left of the 'Post', opposite Wild's brewery. By this route 
 we first reach the Neue Burg (Restaurant), which has only of late 
 fallen to decay, and then, beyond a hollow containing a War Monu- 
 ment, the "^Alte Burg^ situated almost perpendicularly above the 
 town. About 5min. higher is a pavilion commanding a very exten- 
 sive *View. We may now return by the Protestant Church, curi- 
 ously built into the face of the rock about halfway down (200 ft. 
 above the Nahe), and said to have been erected in the r2th cent, by 
 a member of the Oberstein family with his own hands, as an atone- 
 ment for fratricide ; it was restored in 1482. The sexton lives close 
 by. The Gothic Roman Catholic Church, built of grey 'melaphyre', 
 lies on the right bank of the Nahe. 
 
 Most of the inhuLitants of Oberstein are occupied in cutting and 
 polishing agates. These stones were formerly found here in abundance, 
 but are now imported from Brazil and 3Iontevideo. A process has been 
 <liscovered by which colourless agates are converted into onyxes, sardony- 
 xes, etc., by the addition of colouring matter. On the Idarhach , which 
 falls into the Nahe near Oberstein, there are 50 polishing mills. Idar 
 ('Edtel Veeck, or Schutzenhof), 2 31. to the N.W. of Oberstein (diligence 
 four times daily in Vzbr), a place with 4300 inhab., also possesses a Gewerbe- 
 balle, or industrial hall, in which these wares are sold at officially-regu- 
 lated prices. 
 
 431/2 M- Ensweiler; 46 M. Sonnenherg ; 47 M. Kronweiler; 
 48V2 ^- Nohen; 501/2 M. Heimbach ; 52 M. Hoppstadten. — From 
 (5372 ^1-) Birkenfeld-Neubriicke a branch-line diverges to (3 M.) 
 Birkenfeld (1250 ft. ; Emmerich'), the capital (2600 inhab.) of the 
 principality of Birkenfeld, now belonging to the Duchy of Olden- 
 burg, with a castle (14th cent.) of the counts of Sponheim. Near 
 it is the small Bad Sauerhrunnen by the village of Hambach, with 
 a chalybeate spring (^Curhaus, pens. 7 J/y 
 
 56 M. Nohfelden; bl^/o^l. Tilrkismilhle. 
 
 Pleasant excursion to the Hunnenring, near Otzenhausen, 2^/2 hrs. {rom 
 Tiirkismuhle. This Ring, with a circumference of li,4M.. is the largest 
 and best-preserved of the prehistoric fortifications in the Ehineland. It 
 consists of loose blocks of sandstone, which, however, were perhaps ori- 
 ginally fastened together in an upright position. 
 
 The line now attains the culminating point (1030 ft.) between the 
 Nahe andBlies at (59 M.) Namborn-Wallhausen, and then descends 
 rapidly to — 
 
 66 M. St. Wendel (970 ft. ; Jochum'}, a district-town of 5000 
 inhab., with a fine old Gothic church and pulpit of 14G2.
 
 158 Route 23. SAARBRUCKEN. From Bingerhriick 
 
 About ly-i M. to the W. (diligence daily in IV2 hr.) is the small town 
 cf Tholey (Knoll)^ formerly the seat of a Benedictine abbey, the early- 
 Gothic church of which still exists, at the foot of the <S'cAaMm6erp' (1835ft.), 
 a volcanic hill commanding a fine view. Numerous Roman antiquities 
 have been found in the environs. 
 
 69 M. Niederlinxweiler ; 71 M. Ottweiler (860 ft. ; Hotel Haass), 
 The train now passes tlirougli the WiebeUkirchen Tunnel, which is 
 400 yds. in length. 
 
 751/2 ^1- Neunkirchen (845 ft. ; Mester, near the bridge; Wiz, 
 Post, both at the station), a town with 19,100 inhab,, is the junction 
 of the Mannheim line (R. 37). Large foundry belonging to Freiherr 
 von Stumm (2700 workmen). 
 
 Ifeunkirchen is also connected with Saarbriicken by another line (16 M.), 
 passing Schijfweiler, Quirscheid. Camphausen, and Schleifmiihle. 
 
 Beyond (771/2 M.) Reden (925 ft.) is the Bildstock Tunnel (517 
 yds.). The numerous cuttings here expose to view strata of coal, 
 often curiously dislodged. The coal-mines all belong to the Prussian 
 government. 
 
 81 M. Friedrichsthal (970 ft.), with large glass-works; 83 M. 
 Sulzbach; 851/4 M. Dudweiler (760ft.), the long row of glowing coke- 
 furnaces at which forms an imposing spectacle at night. 
 
 88 M. St. Johann- Saarbriicken (*Rheinisch€r Hof; *Kdhl, at 
 both, R. from 2, B 1, D.l^j^Jl'i Korn, weU spoken of; Kiski, in 
 the market, R. & B. 1 ^/ 80pf. ; beer at the Miinchener Kindl, and 
 the Crocodile, near the station), two sister-towns on the right and left 
 bank of the Saar, united with each other by two long bridges. 
 St. Johann (14,500 inhabitants), containing the railway-station, 
 is entirely modern, dating its importance from the construction 
 of the railway, which does not touch Saarbriicken. Down to 1793 
 Saarbriicken (13,800 inhab.) was the residence of the princes of 
 Nassau-Saarbriicken , whose Schloss , burned down by the French 
 revolutionary army in that year, is now private property. The 
 Schlosskirche contains monuments of the princes. The hall of the 
 Rathhaus at Saarbriicken has, by order of the Emperor William I., 
 been decorated with frescoes by Werner, commemorating the events 
 of 19th July to 9th Aug. 1870 (see below). — Saarbriicken is the 
 centre of a very important coal-mining district, producing in 1889 
 upwards of six million tons of coals and employing 31,000 miners. 
 
 Railway to Treves, see R. 24; to Saargemiind, Hagenau, and 
 Strassburg, see R. 41 ; to St. Ingbert and Zweibriicken, seep. 260; 
 to Neunkirchen and Ludwigshafen, see R. 37. 
 
 On the heights of Spicheren , about 3 M. to the S. of Saarbriicken , on 
 6th Aug. 187(), a sharp engagement took place between the Prussians and 
 French, in which the latter, although numerically superior, were obliged 
 to retreat. A visit to the battle-field occupies 3-4 hrs. (carr. 12 Jl, at the 
 station, etc). The Metz road is followed, passing the (IV^M.) Ehrenthal, the 
 burial-place of the German soldiers who fell at Spicheren, and the (IM.) toll- 
 house and '■Goldene Bremtii' inn, near which is the Spichever Berg Hotel, with 
 a collection of relics of the battle. On the left rises the Spicherer Berg 
 (875 ft.), with its steep and scantily -wooded slopes, a strong position 
 in which the French had intrenched themselves. The Germans began
 
 to Metz. METZ. 23. Route. 1 59 
 
 the attack from the right and left side of the road, and from the Winter- 
 berg, a hill about 1 M. to the S. of Saarbriicken. A tower erected here to 
 commemorate the victory commands a good survey of the battle-field. 
 
 At St. Arnual (2300 inhab.), I'/z M. to the S.E. of Saarbriicken, on the 
 E. side of the Winterberg, is a =^Church in the best Gothic style, with re- 
 markably fine font, pulpit, and interesting monuments of the princes of 
 Nassau-Saarbriicken. Opposite is the Hallberg, with a modern chateau. 
 
 The Rail-way to Metz crosses the Saar, traverses the battle- 
 field of 6th Aug. 1870, and passes (5 M.) Stieringen-Wendel, and the 
 little town of (Q :Sl.')Forbach (Karsch). with 7400 inhab. To the left 
 in the distance rises the hill of Spicheren (see above). The country 
 beyond Forbach is undulating. 9M. Kochern. At (ii^l^'M.)Beningen 
 diverge branch-lines to Saargemiind (p. 2781 and to Teterchen (see 
 below) and Thionville (p. 164). Next (133/4 M.) Oberhomhurg on 
 theRossel, (18 M.) St. Avoid, (23 M.) Tttingen, (25 M.) Falken- 
 berg,(^V/i M.) Herlingen, (351/0 M.) RemiUy,{iiy.2 M.) Courcelles- 
 sur-Nied, all frequently mentioned in the annals of the Franco- 
 Prussian war. (Branch-line from CourceUes to Teterchen and Bous, 
 32 M., see p. 165.) Then (45 M.) Peltre, which was entirely 
 destroyed in consequence of a sally on 23rd Sept. 1870. On the 
 right, before the station of Metz is entered, rises Fort Queuleu, now 
 called Fort Goben. 
 
 48^2 ^1' Metz. — Hotels. *Gband Hotel (formerly E6t. de VEttrope\ 
 PI. b; C,'4), Priester-Strasse 4, E., L., & A. 3, B. 1.20, D. 3 M-, *Gkand 
 Hotel de Metz (PI. a ; C, 4), opposite, similar charges. — Hotel i>e Pabis 
 (PI. c; C, 4), Kammer-Platz, unpretending and tolerable, E. & L. 2, B. 1, 
 D. with wine 2^j> Jl, omnibus 75 pf. ; H(3tel Dannhofer, Korngasse 4, 
 near the cathedral, K., L., & A. from 1.60, D. 2.G0 ; Hotel Luxembodbg, 
 Romer-Sf rasse 55 ; Hotel dc yoRo (PI. d ; C, 5), Steinweg 4, with restaurant ; 
 Hotel zur Post (PI. g; C, 5), Prie?ter-Str. 3S, K. from i'^/zJl, B. 80 pf.; 
 Eheixischer Hof, Espl-inaden-Str., with restaurant. 
 
 Kestaurants. '^Moitrier, Kapellen-Str. 4, adjoining the Romer-Strasse ; 
 Nachhaur., Fabert-Str. 2 (luncheon-rooms) ; at some of the hotels, see above. 
 — Cafes in the Esplanade (PI. B, 5, 6), with *View of the valley of the 
 Moselle, the heights of Gravelotte. and Fort Friedrich Karl. — Beer! Huber, 
 Deutsche-Strasse lb, and Mazellen-Strasse 4; Germania, Esplanadenplatz, 
 with garden. 
 
 Tramways to all the city-gates, and to Montigny. Longeville. and Moulins. 
 
 Carriages to the battle-lield, best at the larger hitels; 'Small Tour' 
 (to Gravelotte only) 16.//; 'Middle Tour' 20.//; 'Great Tour' 24.//. 
 
 iV/ct2, the capital of German Lorraine, with 60.200 inhab., more 
 than a fourth of whom are German settlers (pop. before the Franco- 
 German war 55,000), and a German garrison of 16,000 men, lies 
 in a wide basin on the Moselle, which flows in several arms through 
 the town, at the lower end of which it is joined by the Seille on the 
 right. It was the Dhodurum of the Komans, the chief town of the 
 Gallic tribes of the MediomaticL and in the 5th cent, began to be 
 known as Mettis. In 406 it was plundered by the Vandals, and in 
 451 it suffered the same fate from the Huns. It afterwards came into 
 the possession of the Franks, and in 512 became the capital of the 
 kingdom of Austrasia. Subsequently Metz was a free city of the 
 German Empire, until it was taken by the French in 1552, and 
 successfully maintained by them against an army which besieged it
 
 IGO Route 23. METZ. Cathedral, 
 
 under Charles V. By the Peace of 1556 it was ceded to the French 
 together with Toul and Verdun, and in 1871 it was again incor- 
 porated with the Empire of Germany. 
 
 Metz has always been strongly fortified (at one time by Vauban), and 
 under the later French regime was rendered one of the greatest fortresses 
 in Europe by the construction of forts on the neighbouring heights. Until 
 its surrender to the Germans on 27th Oct. 1870, the fortress had never 
 succumbed to an enemy , and even on that occasion it is probable that 
 mismanagement on the part of the French contributed mainly to its 
 downfall. The outworks form a girdle round the town of abotit 15 M. 
 in circumference ; the most distant (Plappeville) is about 4 M. from the 
 cathedra], the nearest (St. Quentin) about 1 M., the rest 2-3 M. To the 
 "W., commanding a wide surrounding tract of country are: Fori St. Quen- 
 tin, consisting of two parts, that to the E. being now called Friedrich Karl 
 and that to the W. Manstein ; and Fort Plappeville, now named C. v. Alvens- 
 leben •, on the N.E. are Fort St. Julien, now ManteuCfel, and Fori Les Bodes, 
 now Zastrow; to the S.E. Fort Queuleu, now Goben; to the S. Fort St. 
 Private now Prinz August v. Wiirttemberg, Bellecroix, now Steinmetz, and 
 Moselle, now Voigts-Ehetz. 
 
 The *Cathedb,al (PI. C, 4), the finest edifice in the town, is 
 a magnificent Gothic structure, begun under the influence of the 
 Eheims school of architecture in the second half of the 13th century. 
 The lofty nave was completed before 1392, the choir dates from the 
 15th and 16th cent, and was consecrated in 15-46 , and the unsightly 
 portal was added in the degraded taste of the 18th century. The whole 
 was thoroughly restored in 1830-35, The roof caught fire in 1877, dur- 
 ing the visit of the Emperor William I., but has since been restored. 
 The choir contains fine stained-glass windows, the oldest of which, 
 of the 13th cent., are on the S. side; those in the middle are of the 
 14th and 15th cent., and several others are modern. The tower is 
 387 ft. high (110 steps to the first gaUery, 105 more to the huge 
 bell called La Muette, and 78 thence to the highest gallery). 
 
 The Parade-Platz, or Place d'Armes(P\. C, 4), adjoining the 
 cathedral on the W., is adorned with a Statue of Marshal Fabert 
 (d. 1662), a native of Metz, who distinguished himself in the 
 campaigns of Louis XIV. 
 
 The Church of St. Vincent (PI. B, C, 3), a fine Gothic structure 
 begun in the 13th cent., with traces of the Romanesque style, is 
 disfigured externally with an unsuitable modern facade. 
 
 In the Mazellen-Strasse (PI. C, 3), in the vicinity, is the tasteful 
 modern Romanesque Church of Ste. Constance (1851), with good 
 mural paintings by Hussenot, a native of Metz (1861). The church 
 belongs to the extensive Orphelinat, or orphan asylum, where visitors 
 apply for admission to the church. Near it is the new Prot. Mil- 
 itary Churchy in the Gothic style, with a tower 318 ft. in height. 
 
 The Library (PI. C, 2), in the Bibliothek- Strasse, contains 
 many valuable works on the history of Lorraine and the town itself. 
 The Museum, in the same building, is open on Sun. & Thurs. 1-4, 
 gratis; on other days 10-4, fee. 
 
 Geound Flock. Galerie ArcMologique (catalogue 2 JU). Room I. 
 Greek and Roman vases. Room II. Stone monuments from the environs
 
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 Battle Fields. METZ. 23. Route, 161 
 
 of Metz : 9, 10, 35-40. Roman tombstones; 27. Altar of the goddess Epona; 
 79. Altar of Mercury ;ind Rosmerta ; 89. Monument from Arlon, with reliefs 
 of children; 99. Relief of a shop; 170. Fine statue of a woman, found at 
 Metz; portions of a monument found atMertens; richly-decorated column, 
 which supported an equestrian statue ; figure of Victory and cither objects 
 found at Sablon. — Mediaeval Collection. 415. Gothic chimney-piece from 
 the convent of St. Elisabeth, 16th cent. ; 440. Basrelief of the Twelve Apostles 
 and the martyrdom of St. Agatha. — The First Floor contains a collec- 
 tion of smriller Roman antiquities, a Cabinet of Coins (one room), n, Natural 
 Histoyy Cabinet, and the Picture Gallery (three rooms), including the Musee 
 Migette^ a collection of drawings and paintings by the artist Migette, illustrat- 
 ing the history and architecture of Metz and the surrounding district. 
 
 In the Geisberg-Strasse, adjoining the Library, is the Austrasian 
 Palace, erected on the site and partly with the materials of a Koman 
 palace in 1599. It has recently been incorporated with a new 
 building and now serves as a commissariat-store. The tower, which 
 is easier to ascend than that of the cathedral, commands an exten- 
 sive panorama. 
 
 The handsome Church of St. Eucharius (PI. D, 4), with a plain 
 interior, near the Deutsche Thor dates from the i2th century. 
 
 The EsPLAXADB (PI. B, 5), which extends towards the S.W. 
 of the town, is laid out in pleasant walks. On the S.E. side 
 stands a Statue of Marshal Ney (by Petre), who was born at Saar- 
 louis in 1769, created Due d'Elchingen by Napoleon in 1805, 
 and Prince de la Moscowa in 1812, and shot in 1815 inconsequence 
 of his defection from the royal cause to that of Napoleon after the 
 return of the emperor from Elba. — Farther on, to the right, is 
 a fountain with a figure modelled by Petre, and a bronze Steed and 
 other animals by Fratin. 
 
 The oldest and most intersting parts of Metz are the E. side 
 near the Deutsche Thor and the S.E. side near the Mazellen-Thor 
 on the Seille. 
 
 To the N. of the town is the Chambiere Cemetery (adjoining PI. 
 D, 2), with a loUy Memorial to the French soldiers who died at Metz 
 in 1870. 
 
 Metz is the junction of the Saarbriicken Railway with the lines to 
 Pagny and Nancy fp. 164), to Thionville [Diedenhofen- p. 164) and 
 Luxembourg (p. 173 ), and to Amanweiler and Verdun. (To Aman- 
 weiler, 10 M., in 45-50 min., passing Moulins, situated at the en- 
 trance of the valley of iMonvaux , which the train ascends; the 
 station of Amanvillers is 1^4 M. from St. Privat.) 
 
 The Battle Pields of 16th and 18th August, 1870, lie to the W. of 
 Metz on the road to Verdun. A visit to them occupies a whole day 
 (9-10 hrs.), and may be most conveniently ;!Ccompli3hed by taking the 
 following route (either entirely by carriage, seep. 159; or by train to 
 Koveant and by omnibus to Gorze, and the rest on foot): up the valley 
 of the Moselle to Noviant (p. 164); thence to Gorze 33/4 ^1- ; Vionville 3V4 M.; 
 Rezonville 2 M. ; GraveloUe 2 M. ; St. Hubert iVi M. ; back to Gravelotte 
 11/4 M.; from Gravelotte to Vevniville 3 M.; Ste. Marie-aux- Chines 2V4M.; 
 St. Privat-la-Montagne and Amanweiler., which is a railway -station (see 
 p. 157), 23/4 M. ; in all about IS^A M. from Gorze. Information on all 
 
 Baedeker's Rhine. 12th Edit. 11
 
 162 Route 23. GRAVELOTTE. 
 
 points connected with the battles is given by the keepers of the mon- 
 uments and burial-grounds. 
 
 Those who desire to visit the Battle Field of the 18ih August only 
 should proceed by railway or tramway to Moulins^ and thence follow 
 the road via Gravelotte to St. Privat-Amanvillers, or take the train (or 
 carriage via Wuippy and Saulny) all the way to Amanvillers, and begin 
 the walk there. This last method is to be recommended because in this 
 case the midday meal can be taken in the good inn at Gravelotte. — The 
 road from Moulins ascends the valley of Monvaux to the right ; for walkers 
 the better route ascends via Ste.' Ruf.ftne to Point du Jour. Before 
 we cross the brook, which flows through the valley, at Maison Neuve, 
 we pass a road diverging to the right, which, like the railway, runs 
 through the valley of Slonvaux by Chatel to Amanvillers and St. Privat. 
 By the village of Rozerieidles, farther up the hill on the main road to 
 Gravelotte, began the left wing of the French army (composed of the 2nd 
 Corps under Frossard and the 3rd Corps under Leboeuf), whose chief 'point 
 d'appui'was the ftiini of Point du Jour situated on the hill (lying in ruins since 
 1870). The Germans who opposed them consisted of the 7th and 8th Prussian 
 Corps (commanded by Zastrow and Goben under Steinmetz), who towards 
 evening were supported by the 2nd Corps (under Fransecky). The 
 French maintained their position until nightfall , but retreated on the 
 morning of the 19th. The inn of St. Hubert, somewhat lower down the 
 hill, had, however, previously been captured by the Germans in the course 
 of the afternoon. The sanguinary nature of the struggle is shown 
 by the numerous tombstones of the different regiments. The road de- 
 scends into a ravine, and then ascends to the plateau of Gravelotte (* Hdtel 
 du Cheval d"Or). 5 M. from Moulins-les-Metz. In the middle of the village 
 the road divides, both branches leading to Verdun. On that to the right 
 (X.), about 1 M. farther, lies the farm of Malmaison, near which .a good 
 survey is obtained of the farms of Point du Jour, Moscou, Leipzig, Mon- 
 tigny -la- Grange , etc., on the opposite heights, then occupied by the 
 French. Malmaison was occupied by the 9th Prussian Corps d'Armee (under 
 Manstein), the lines of which extended along the i-oad diverging to the 
 right as far as (l'/4 M.) VernH'ille. To the W. of the village (reached by the 
 road diverging to the left) is a handsome Monument to some of the fallen 
 Germans. Good view from the height. To the N. of Verneville French 
 territory is crossed for a short distance. In the vicinity are several other 
 German monuments. The villages of (IV4 ^I-) Habonville and (3/4 M.) St. Ail, 
 from which the right wing of the guards (under Prince Augustus of Wiir- 
 temberg) and behind it the reserve of the 10th Corps (under Voigts-Rhetz) 
 advanced, are French; Ste. Marie-aux-Chcnes, 3/4 M. farther, the centre of the 
 left wing of the guards, now belongs to Germany. Here there is a French 
 monument. Farther N. are Montois-lu-Montagne and Malancourt, where 
 the left wing of the German line of battle was terminated by the Saxon 
 corps (under the Crown Prince of Saxony). The right wing of the French 
 opposite (consisting of the 4th Corps under Ladmirault, and the 6th Corps 
 under Canrobert) was posted by the villages of Roncourt and St. Privat- 
 la-Montagne, on the road, opposite Ste. Marie, both of which were taken 
 in the evening by an attack of the guards and the Saxons, whereupon 
 the right French wing retreated towards Metz in great confusion. Several 
 Monuments have been erected to the Germans on the road from Ste. Marie 
 to St. Privat. From the latter the traveller may now return to (1 M.) 
 Amanioeiler, which contains two German monuments, and by the above- 
 mentioned railway to (5 M.) Moulins-les-Metz. — The eight German Corps 
 d'Armee engaged in this battle numbered about 230,000 men, opposed to 
 whom were 180,000 French. The Germans lost 899 officers and 19,260 men ; 
 the French G09 officers and 11,705 men. 
 
 The Battle Field of the 16th August adjoins that above described. 
 The position of the French was principally supported on the left by the 
 village of Rezonville, situated on the left (S.) branch of the road from Grave- 
 lotte, and IV2M. distant from it; King William spent the night of 18-I9th 
 Aug. in the last house to the W. (A little to the S. of the village, at the 
 end of the ravine ascending from Gorze, mentioned above, is a monument
 
 REZONVILLE. 23. Route. 163 
 
 to the commander of the 72nd Regiment, who fell at this spot i good view 
 hence.) The French line of battle extended in a semicircle towards the 
 N.W. as far as St. Marcel and Bruville., while the Germans advanced 
 from the woods towards the S. , in the direction of the road. Near 
 Rezonville, where the monuments have been erected, the French batteries 
 planted on the X. side of the road were gallantly attacked by the German 
 cuirassiers and uhlans. About 2 M. farther lies Vionville, which was 
 occupied soon after the beginning of the battle by detachments of the 
 3rd Corps d'Arme'e (Brandenburgers) and successfully maintained by them 
 in spite of vehement attacks by numerically-superior French troops, so 
 that the S. branch of the road to Verdun was rendered unavailable for 
 the French retreat. Here also rise numerous monuments to the fallen. 
 Between Vionville and Mavs-la-Touv a spirited attack was made by the 
 Dragoon Guards and the Rheinbaben Cavalry Division in aid of the harassed 
 infantry of the 10th Corps. 3Iars-la-Toar itself, with its monument, lies 
 within' the French frontier. — The battle of 16th Aug. was one of the 
 bloodiest fought during the whole war. In the course of the day no 
 fewer than 138,000 French troops and 476 guns were engaged at intervals, 
 while the German forces amounted to 67.000 men with 222 guns. The 
 French loss was estimated at 879 officers and 16,128 men, and the Ger- 
 man loss at 711 officers and 15,079 rank and file. 
 
 To the E. of Metz lie the B.\ttle Fields of 14th Aug. and o{31sl Aug. 
 and 1st Sept. 1870. The former battle began between three and four o'clock 
 in the afternoon, and ended at 9 p.m. by the French being driven back 
 under the guns of Metz. The Germans have named it the battle of 
 Colombey-Xouillt/ , as the ground between these villages was the principal 
 object of attack (see Map). The result of the battle was to cause a fatal 
 delay in the intended march of the French to Verdun. 
 
 The battle of 31st Aug. and 1st Sept. was fought on the occasion 
 of the first and most determined attempt of Marshal Bazaine to break 
 through the German army which had surrounded Metz since 19th 
 August. The chief object of dispute was the small village of Noisseville, 
 5 M. from 3Ietz. on the road to Saarlouis. The 4th and 6th Corps and 
 the guards of the French took the place about 6 p.m., soon after the 
 beginning of the battle; they lost it about 9 p.m. and re-captured it at 
 10 p. m. On the following day the Germans took the village three times 
 and lost it as often, but at length about noon they succeeded in gaining 
 final possession of it. The principal German monuments rise to the S. 
 of the village, and there are several others near Sevvigny to the X. of it, 
 and near Colomhey to the S. The German loss amounted to 126 officers 
 and 2850 men, and the French loss to 141 officers and 2664 men. 
 
 To the N. of Metz, not far from the road to Thionville, lies Woippy, 
 where Bazaine's last sortie, on 7th Oct., terminated in the retreat of the 
 French after a battle of nine hours' duration. — At the chateau of Fres- 
 cati, 23/4 M. to the S. of Metz. on 27th Oct., was signed the capitulation 
 of Metz. whereby the fortress with 3 marshals, 50 generals, 6000 other 
 officers, 173,000 men (including 20,000 sick and wounded), 53 eagles. .66 
 mitrailleuses, 541 field-pieces, and 800 fortress-guns, together with a vast 
 quantity of other munitions of war, was surrendered to the Germans. 
 
 From Metz to Nancy, 35 M., railway in 2^/^-2^/^11X8. (fares 
 5 ..// 40, 4 J/, 2 Ji 90 pf.). — The line ascends the picturesque and 
 well-peopled valley of the Moselle, which flows between hills of mod- 
 erate height. Soon after leaving Metz, at the point where the line 
 to Thionville branches off to the right, we pass on the left Fort 
 St. Privat, now Prinz August v. Wiirttemberg , and then the chateau 
 of Frescati, embosomed in trees. A little farther on, the train crosses 
 the river and reaches (5 M.) Ars-sur-Moselle. A little above the 
 village, and also at J ouy-aux- Arches on the right hank, about 0^/2 M.
 
 1 61 Route 23. NANCY. 
 
 from Metz, are situated extensive remains of a *Roman Aqueduct 
 erected by Drusiis, which was once about 60 ft. in height and ^/^ M. 
 in length, and conducted water from the hills on the left bank to 
 the Roman town of Divodurum, the modern Metz. At Ars there are 
 seven, and at Jouy eleven arches still standing. S^/^ M. Noveant, 
 connected by a suspension-bridge with Corny, the headquarters of 
 Prince Frederick Charles during the siege, is the German frontier- 
 station. 12 M. Pagny is the French frontier-station. 
 
 171/2 ^1- Pont-h-Mousson, a picturesquely-situated little town, 
 with 11,000 inhab., commanded by the ruined castle of Mousson on 
 a hill. Tlien Dieulouard, Marbache, and (30 M.) Frouard, where the 
 Rhine and Marne Canal is crossed, and the line to Paris diverges 
 to the E. 
 
 35 M. Nancy {^Grand Hotel \ Hotels de Paris, de France, de 
 VEurope, d'Angleterre, deMcfj, the two last near the station), thecapi- 
 tal of the Departement de Meurthe et Moselle, formerly that of the 
 Duchy of Lorraine, with 80,000 inhab., is pleasantly situated in a fer- 
 tile and vine-clad plain, not far from the left bank of the navigable 
 Meurthe. The town contains broad, well-built streets, handsome 
 places adorned with fountains, and a number of imposing buildings. 
 The chief objects of interest are the Gates, built in the style of 
 triumphal arches; the Place Domhasle, the Cours Leopold, and the 
 Place Stanislas, which are all embellished with statues ; i)xe Hotel de 
 Ville , with a collection of modern paintings ; the Chapelle Ronde, 
 the burial-church of the dukes ; and the new church of St. Epvre. 
 See Baedeker's Northern France. 
 
 From Metz to Luxembourg, 41 M., railway in 11/2-^ hrs. (fares 
 5 ^ 40, S^ 60, 2 J^ 30 pf. ; express 6 ^/ 15, 4 JT 35 pf.). The 
 line describes a curve on the W. side of the town, crossing the 
 Moselle. To the left the large Fort St. Quentin (Manstein, see 
 p. 160). — 5 M. Devant-les-Ponts (outside the Porte de France 
 of Metz ; tramway to the town) ; 11 1/4 M. Maizieres ; 133/4 M. Hagen- 
 dingen; 171/2 M. Veckingen. — 201/.2 M. Thionville, or Diedenhofen 
 (Hotel Moehn\ Hotel Lefebvre; St. Hubert), a fortitied town of 
 8800 inhab. on the Moselle, which was taken by the Germans on 
 24th Nov. 1870. [From Thionville a branch-line runs to (28 M.) 
 Teterchen (p. 159).] Then Gross-Hettingen, Bettemburg, Berchem, 
 and (411/4 M.) Luxembourg (p. 173). 
 
 24. From Saarbriicken to Treves and Luxembourg. 
 
 Comp. Map, p. 173. 
 Railwat to Treves (55 M.) in 2J/2 hrs. (fares 7 Jl 20. 5 J^ 40, 3 ^ 60 pf.) ; 
 to Luxembourg (87 M.) in 31/2 -5 hrs. (fares 11 M 40, 8 Jl 30, b Jl ^ pf.). 
 
 Saarbriicken, see p. 153. The line follows the course of the 
 Saar. Picturesque scenery, especially between Saarbriicken and
 
 SAARLOnS. 24. Route. 165 
 
 Saarlouis, at Mettlach, and at Saarburg. Numerous manufactories 
 are passed. 2 M. Burbach, with a large foundry. At (4 M.) Louisen- 
 thal the station has been undermined by the coal-workings and is 
 supported by huge iron stays. From (6 M.) Volklinyen (Rheinischer 
 Hof), with a large foundry, a branch-line runs to Wadgassen, 
 joining the line from Bous to Teterchen (p. 159). — 10 M. Boas, tlie 
 junction of the line to Teterchen and Courcelles (_p. 159) ; il^ji M. 
 Ensdorf. 
 
 14 M. Saarlouis (Rheinischer Hof)^ with 6800 inhab,, formerly a 
 fortress, constructed in 1680-85 by Vauban for Louis XIV., is now 
 used as a military depot only. The town lies on a peninsula formed 
 by the Saar, at a considerable distance from the station, which is at 
 Fraulautern. About 2 M. to the N. is Waller fangen (Vaudrefange), 
 once a fortified place, with the faience-manufactory of Messrs. Vil- 
 leroy & Boch (see below) and a park. 
 
 17 M. Dillingen; 20 M. Becking en ^ 22V2 M- Fremmersdorf. 
 24' 2 M. Merzig (Trierscher Hop, with a pointed basilica of the 
 r2th century, recently restored. About IM. lower is a large Lunatic 
 Asylum. Before (29 M.) Mettlach. ("^Zum Saarstrom) a long tunnel. 
 The buildings of a suppressed Benedictine abbey, founded in the 
 8th cent, by St. Ludvinus, are now occupied by the extensive 
 earthenware-factory of ViUeroy ^' Boch. The 'Museum" at the fac- 
 tory (application for adm. at the hotel) contains specimens of the 
 very tasteful productions of the works since their establishment in 
 1810, and also numerous pieces of ancient and modern pottery of 
 all kinds. The pretty park, with the ruined choir of the Romanes- 
 que chapel of St. Ludvinus (restored), is generally accessible to 
 the public. Fine yiew from the Pavilion (i 2 M. ; restaur.). 
 
 At Mettlach the Saar makes a considerable circuit, which the line 
 avoids by the above-mentioned tunnel. The X. point of the hill which 
 it penetrates (IV2 hr. to the N.W. of Mettlach, and reached by a shady 
 path) is the ~Clef (probably from clavis, the round tower which once stood 
 here having formed the key to this district), affording a fine survey of the 
 two arms of the valley of the Saar, separated by a narrow strip of land. 
 On the latter stands the ruined castle of Montclair , destroyed in 1350 by 
 Elector Baldwin of Treves. 
 
 About 1 M. to the W. of the Clef (path through the wood) lies Orscholz, 
 from which a carriage-road leads to Weiien, 2V4 M. to the N. A mile 
 farther is Freudenburg (.Joliwald), with the ruins of an old castle, and 
 1 M. beyond it a finger-post indicating the way to Castel. Jsear this vill- 
 age, on a bold rock overhanging the Saar, is a chapel restored by Frgde- 
 rick William IV. , in which he deposited the bones of his ancestor , the 
 blind king John of Bohemia, who fell at Crecy in 1346. The cell hewn in 
 the rock contains some Roman antiquities. The castellan is generally 
 to be found at the chapel on summer afternoons (Tlfmts.). 
 
 The line follows the right bank of the Saar. Near Saarburg the 
 chapel of Castel (see above) is seen on a precipitous wooded rock 
 on the right bank. 401/2 M. Beurig is the station for — 
 
 Saarburg (*Post, with pretty garden), picturesquely situated in 
 a basin, and commanded by the considerable ruins of a castle of the 
 Electors of Treves. Pop. 2200. The Gothic Church of St. Lawrence
 
 1 66 Route 24. TREVES. History. 
 
 was erected in 1856. The Leuk, which here unites with the Saar, 
 forms a waterfall, 60 ft. high, near the Tost'. The Pavilion, on the 
 height to the S. opposite the castle, commands a flue view. 
 
 The line descends the valley of the Saar, passing (1.) Wiltingen, 
 where remains of Roman buildings were recently discovered, 
 (r.) Scharzhof, and Ober-Emmel, celebrated for their wines, to 
 (491/2 M.) Conz (Post), below which it enters the valley of the Mo- 
 selle. Conz is the Roman Contionacum, whence several imperial 
 edicts were dated. A few remains of the imperial villa mentioned 
 by Ausonius (p. 174) are still recognisable near the church. The 
 bridge over the Saar was built in 1782. Conz is also united with 
 Treves by a special branch-line (5 M.) passing the stations of Zewen 
 and Euren. 
 
 50 m. Karthaus, the junction of the Metz and Luxembourg lines 
 (pp. 172, 173). — The railway follows the right bank of the Mo- 
 selle. 531/2 M. Lowenhri'tcken. 
 
 55 M. Treves. — The Railway Station for all passenger-trains is on 
 the right bank of the Moselle, on the E. side of the town (comp. PI. II, 2). 
 
 Hotels. -Trierscheh Hof (PI. a; F, 5); *Rothe8 Haus (PI. b ; F, 3 ; 
 see p. 167, R., L., & A, 2-5, K. 1, D. 2V2-3, pens, with R. 6 J(. — Luxem- 
 BUEGEK Hof (PI. c; F, 4), commercial, R., L., & A. 2, D. 2V2, B. lc//(f; 
 Stadt Venedig (PI. d: E, 5), R., L., i: A. 2, D. 21/2 .//; Post (PI. e; 
 E, 4), in the Corn Market, opposite the post-oflice, both well spoken of: 
 WiKTz, DoRBAOH-EuKG, Eailway-Hotel, at the station. 
 
 Restaurants. "Zum Stevii (Fisc/ier), in the market-, Laven^s Alldeutsche 
 Wei7is(ube, opposite the church of St. Anthony ; K>i,tf., Is"eue-Str. 222 (good 
 Moselle wine); Ca/^ Germania (with garden). SieinhaHS, Baur, and Kaisei'- 
 hof, all in the Fleisch-Str. — 'Caf^ Bellevi/e, Sc/meider^s Hof, Weisfhaus, 
 with splendid view (comp. p. 167). — Beer. Miinchener Kindl, Simeons-Str. ; 
 Franziskaner , Fahr-Str. , with garden; Gotschel , at the Amphitheatre, 
 with view. 
 
 Gabs. Per drive within the town, to the station, amphitheatre, and 
 Znrlauben, for 1 pers. 50, 2 pers. 60 pf.; each additional pers. 25 pf. more. 
 By time, fi>r each 1/4 br. 50 or 75 pf. — To the entrance of Bellevue^ St. 
 Matthias^ Pallim 1 pers. 75 pf., each addit. person 25 pf. ; to Schneider''s 
 Hof and Weisshaus (p. 172), 1 pers. IV2 Jl-, each addit. pers. 50 pf. Longer 
 drives according to bargain. — To Igel (p. 173) two-horse carr. about 6 Jl. 
 
 Post Office (PI. 22; E, 4), Fleisch-Str. 75. 
 
 Steamboat to Coblenz, see E. 25. 
 
 Treves, Ger. Trier, a town on the right bank of the Moselle, with 
 86,100 inhab., said to be the oldest in Germany, belonged to the 
 Civitas Treverorum , or territory of the Trevcri , a tribe of Belgic 
 Gauls conquered B.C. 56 by Caesar. It is uncertain whether there 
 was a settlement here in pre -Roman times. The Roman town, 
 Colonia Augusta Treverorum, was probably founded by Augustus, 
 and invested with the rank of a colony by Claudius. In the reign 
 of Diocletian Trfeves became the capital of Belgica Prima, and during 
 the 4th century it w^as frequently the residence of the Roman Em- 
 perors. The numerous relics of that age in the vicinity are among the 
 finest on this side of the Alps. On the introduction of Christianity 
 by Constant! ne, Agricius of Antioch was (328) elected first Bishop 
 of Treves , and for nearly 15 centuries the town continued to be the
 
 Cathedral. TREVES. 24. Eoute. 167 
 
 residence of the bishops , archbishops , and electors , till Clemens 
 Wenceslaus of Saxony, the last elector (^1768-1802; d. 181'2), 
 transferred his residence to Coblenz in 1786. On 10th Aug., 1794, 
 the French captured the town, and in 1815 it -was ceded to Prussia. 
 The surrounding vine - clad hills and wooded heights , and the 
 rich plain in which the town with its red sandstone walls and 
 numerous towers is situated, are strikingly picturesque. 
 
 'Trevir metropolis, iirbs amoenissima. 
 Quae Bacchum recoils, Baccho gratissima. 
 Da tuis incolis vina fortissima 
 
 Per dulcor!' Old Sai/i?ig. 
 
 The Market lies nearly in the centre of the town. The 'Rothes 
 Haus' Hotel (PI. b ; F, 3), situated here, a late-Gothic building of 
 the loth cent. , was formerly the Rathhaus, and bears the inscription : 
 'Ante Romam Treviris stetit annis MCCC', referring to a mediaeval 
 tradition that Treves was founded by Trebeta, son of the Assyrian 
 king Ninus. An ancient Column in the Platz, supposed to date 
 from 958, was renewed in 1723, and is surmounted with a cross 
 with the Lamb of God. The St. Pttenbrunnen, a beautiful Renais- 
 sance fountain, was erected by Elector John of Schonberg in 1595. 
 
 The Simeons-Strasse, leading out of the market-place towards the 
 N., terminates in the *Porta Nigra (PI. 21; F, 1), also named Porta 
 Martia, Rbmerthor , or Simeonsthor , a gate with towers of defence, 
 and the finest of the Roman structures at Treves. This magnificent 
 relic is 115 ft. long, 75-93 ft. high, and 29 ft. in depth. It con- 
 sists of three stories , with two gateways , 23 ft. in height , and is 
 constructed of huge blocks of lias sandstone, blackened with age and 
 fastened twith iron braces instead of mortar. Opinions vary as to 
 its age , but the fact of its never having been finished seems to 
 point to an origin during the last years of the Roman empire, i.e.in 
 the 4th cent. A.D. 
 
 The Porta Nigra was a fortified city-gate, the exterior of which could 
 be closed by a portcullis and defended by the two towers. If the enemy 
 succeeded in storming the gate he found himself in the 'propugnaculum'', 
 a small enclosed court, secured on the side next the town by a barricade 
 and exposed to a raking lire from all parts of the gate-house. At both 
 ends there are still traces of the junction of the gate with the walls, and 
 at the W. end is a doorway, which opened on the ramparts. In 1U2S-35 
 the E. tower was occupied by a Greek hermit named Simeon, and on his 
 death the structure was converted into two churches, one above the other. 
 In 1817 all the later additions were removed except the apse at the E. 
 end. and in 1876 the original Roman structure was thoroughly disclosed. 
 
 In the interior are a number of Roman antiquities, architectural frag- 
 ments, stone coffins (one containing a tall skeleton), and broken sculptures. 
 Admission daily 9-12; at other times on application to the custodian of the 
 Roman palace (p. 171). Entrance on the W. side. 
 
 To the E. of the Market Place rises the Cathedral (PL 10; F, 
 G, 3), one of the oldest churches in Germany, the nucleus of which 
 was a quadrangular basilica erected by the Emp. Valentinian I. 
 (364-375), either for a court of law or as a baptistery. This build- 
 ing, which was of the same breadth as the present edifice, and
 
 168 Route 24. TREVES. Cathedral. 
 
 extended from the second pillar from the W. entrance to the E. apse, 
 seems to have been cjnverted into a Christian church during the 
 Roman period. In the centre stood four huge granite columns, 
 connected by arches, some remains of which lie in the cloister-garden 
 (see below). The church was partly destroyed by the Franks, but was 
 restored in the original style by Bishop Nicetius (528-66), who held the 
 see from 532 to 561. It was afterwards again devastated by the Nor- 
 mans, and restored by Arc/iZ;/s/iopPoj:>po (1016-47) and his successors, 
 who increased its size by an addition of one-third at the W. end, in 
 the style of the original Roman edifice, and also built an apse. The 
 E. apse was added by Bishop Hillin (1152-69). The vaulting of the 
 nave and aisles dates from the 13th cent.; the circular, dome- 
 roofed treasury was not built till the 17th. — The various periods at 
 which the structure has been built are all clearly visible on the N. 
 exterior; the Roman work consists of red sandstone and bricks, that 
 of Archbp. Poppo is partly of brick and partly of limestone. Several 
 Roman arches and Franconian capitals have also been exposed to 
 view in the interior by the removal of the stucco. 
 
 The IsTEEioR is open the whole day except from 12 to 2 (verger's house 
 behind the cathedral, No. 5). The or^an and organ-case date from 1832. 
 Beneath is the monument of an archbishop of the 14th cent, (perhaps 
 Baldwin, brother of Henry VII.), in front of which is a white marble 
 font. The Pulpit, adorned with reliefs of the Beatitudes, the Last Judg- 
 ment, etc., dates from 1572. In the vaults repose 26 archbishops and 
 electors. The finest monuments are those of Johann III. {von Metzen- 
 ficmsen, d. 1540), on the wall of the N. aisle, and Elector Richard III. [von 
 Greiffenklau, d. 1531), the successful opponent of Protestantism. On the 
 latter are medallions with portraits of the elector on the left, and his 
 most violent antagonist, Franz von Sickingen (p. 260), on the right. The 
 two monuments are excellent specimens of the German Renaissance at ils 
 zenith, both in their general plan and in the conceptifii and execution of 
 the decoration and figures. — The choir-screens, the steps with statues of 
 Con^tantine and St. Helena and the imposing high-altar date from 1700. 
 To the left of the last is the bishop's throne. In the high-altar are 
 deposited some highly -prized relics, among which are the 'Holy Coat' 
 without seam, exhibited at rare intervals, and attracting vast crowds of 
 pilgrims. The Treasury (adm. on Mon., Tues., Wed., & Frid. at 11.30, by 
 tickets procured from the verger, 1 Jf; at other times 3 Ji for 1-3 pers.) 
 contains several Eomanesqiie reliquaries with the heads of Matthew the 
 Apostle and the Empress Helena, a nail from the Cross, relics of the 
 12th and 13th cent., a late Romanesque censer, and richly-bound gospels 
 of the 9th-13th centuries. 
 
 Adjacent to the cathedral, and connected with it by beautiful 
 Cloisters of the 13th cent, (accessible only from the cathedral, apply 
 to the verger), is the *Liebfrauenkirche (PI. 15; F, G, 3), one 
 of the most interesting early-Gothic churches in Germany, built 
 in 1227-43, probably in imitation of the abbeychurch of Braisne 
 near Soissons. It is circular in form (60 yds. long, 49 yds. broad, 
 and 124 ft. high), intersected by a lofty, vaulted cross, and support- 
 ed by 12 slender pillars, on which the 12 Apostles are represented, 
 painted in the 15th cent, (visible simultaneously from a slab of 
 slate in the pavement, about 8 paces from the entrance). The 
 modern stained-glass windows depict the fifteen secrets of the
 
 Basilica. TREVES. 24. Route. 1 69 
 
 rosary, from designs by Steinle of Brussels. The church contains 
 numerous monuments of ecclesiastical dignitaries, and the mummy 
 of Bishop Theodulf, who died in the 6th century. The sacristy has 
 an interesting old side-door with exquisite ornaments and contains 
 the monument of Johann Segensis (d. 15641, with his portrait. The 
 principal Portal is richly decorated with sculptures, symbolical 
 figures of the Old and New Testament, etc. This church also is 
 closed from 12 to 2j the sexton lives opposite the chief portal. 
 
 The Town Library, at the Gymnasium (PI. 26; F, 5; adm. 
 1 1-12.30), contains numerous rare printed works and several valuable 
 manuscripts. 
 
 Among the printed books are several 'incunabula'" or works of the 
 loth cent, (when the art of printing still lay in its cradle, 'in cunabulis'), 
 including the Bible of Fust and Gutenberg of 1450, and the Catholicon of 
 li&J. — One of the most interesting MSS. is the Codex Aureus^ containing 
 the four Gospels, presented by Ada (d. 809), a reputed sister of Charle- 
 magne , to the Abbey of St. Maximin. It is illuminated with allegorical 
 paintings, and the binding is superbly adorned with jewels and a cameo of 
 uncommon size, probably representing the family of Constantine. The '^Co- 
 dex Egberd, dating from about 970, is perhaps the finest extant specimen of 
 the art of illumination at that period. The miniatures combine the best 
 traditions of Carlovingian art with the new influences of the classical 
 Italian school. The Libei' Aureus contains documents of the convent of 
 Priim, ranging from the 9th to the 11th century, and admirably illustrat- 
 ing the advance of the illuminator's art. — Several letters of Luther, one 
 from Bliicher on the death of Queen Louisa, etc., are also interesting. 
 The Ante - Chamber contains portraits of Electors of Treves, Sickingen, 
 and others. 
 
 The church of St. Gangolph (PI. 11; F, 3) contains a mural 
 painting by Lasinsky. The Trinity, or Jesuits' Church (PI. 13 ; F, 5) 
 is decorated with stained glass from Munich and wall-paintings by 
 Steffgen. 
 
 In the S.E. Quabteb there are several interesting relics of the 
 Roman period and the Museum. 
 
 The BasUica (PI. 9; G, 4, 5), built entirely of brick, prob- 
 ably in the reign of the Emp. Constantine, served originally for the 
 administration of justice and for commercial purposes, like the 
 similar ancient Roman structures at Rome itself and elsewhere. 
 Early in the middle ages it was the seat of the governors appointed 
 by the Frankish sovereigns, and in 1197 it was made over to the 
 archbishops. Since the town became Prussian . the archbishops' 
 palace, with which it is connected, has been used as a barrack, 
 but after 1846 the basilica was restored by order of Frederick Wil- 
 liam IV., and in 1856 consecrated as a Protestant church. The im- 
 posing interior, terminating in an apse at the N. end, is lighted by 
 a double row of windows. The verger is summoned by ringing the 
 bell in the archway between the large barrack-yard (entered from 
 the Constantins-Platz) and the smaller southern courtyard (fee). 
 The basilica is 225 ft. long, 100 ft. wide, and 98 ft. high. 
 
 The N.W. side up to the lower row of windows, the apse, and the 
 lofty arch between the nave and the apse are all antique. The S. 
 facade and the E. side, on the other hand, are almost entirely modern.
 
 170 Route 94. TREVES. Provincial Museum. 
 
 The entrance for the public was at the S. end ; the two smaller entrances 
 near the apse were probably for the use of the judges. The interior was 
 richly decorated with painting, some relics of which may be inspected 
 in the museum. Below the floor was a hypocaust, or heating-apparatus. 
 
 The new *Provincial Museum (PL H, 5, 6), a handsome 
 Renaissance building in red sandstone, erected in 1885-89, con- 
 tains an extensive and highly interesting collection of Roman and 
 other antiquities, a number of pictures and a collection of art- 
 ludustrial objects (director, Prof. Dr. F. Hettner). Adm. Sun. 
 and Wed. 11-1 free; on other days, at the same hours, adm. 50 pf.; 
 at other hours, fee of 75 pf. to the custodian. 
 
 Ground Floor. — To the left, Rooms I-IV : ~Roman Tombs from Neu- 
 magen^ dating from about 100- '250 A. D. and depicting the ancient dwellers 
 on the Mdsolle in their costumes and their daily life. Among the more 
 interesting objects are : Room II. Tombstone with a Parting scene, on the 
 sides the wife at her toilet, the husband returning from the chase; Tomb- 
 stone of C. Alpinius Asper, with polychrome portrait-figures; in Room III., 
 Ships laden with wine-casks, probably once used as a balustrade; the 
 head of the steersman on the second ship has a humorous expression; 
 large monument with a representation (in front) of an arena (metae, 
 aurigae) and of a payment of taxes; in Room IV., School, the pedagogue 
 between two youths who are reading in a parchment scroll ; at the side 
 a boy in an attitude of greeting. 
 
 Rooms V and VI: Stone Monuments fi'om the city of Trhves. In Room V: 
 In-cription from a monument dedicated to L. Caesar, the adopted son of 
 Augustus, the oldest inscription found in ihe Rhine districts; several 
 inscriptions referring to the Victim Voclannionum (the modern Pallien); 
 Altar dedicated to the genius of the Arenarii, found in the Amphitheatre 
 at Treves. — Room VI: Sepulcral inscription of a midwife; heathen 
 coffin with skeleton and sepulcral objects of the 3rd cent. A. D. ; tomb 
 inscription of Ilariulfiis, 'protector domesticus, gentis Burgundionum'', 
 4th cent.; numerous Christian Inscriptions, from the cemeteries of St. 
 Paulin, St. Maximin, and St. Matthias, bearing testimony to the spread 
 of Christianity at Treves in the 4th and 5tb cent. ; particularly interesting 
 is the inscription of Ursiniamis from St, Paulin (qui meruit Sanctorum 
 ROciari sepulcrisl); Sarcophagus with Noah's Ark, found at St. Matthias; 
 *R'^production of a wooden coflin with Christian emblems, found in 18S3 
 in the church of St. Paulinus in the stone sarcophagus, which according 
 to tradition contained the remains of St. Paulinus (d. about 358). — 
 Room \ll: Technical objects of Roman origin. — Room VlII: Most 
 recent discoveries. 
 
 Sunk Floor. Room XI: Milestones of A. D. 121 and 139 from the Roman 
 road from Treves to Cologne; Votive Monuments from the environs of 
 Treves. Altars of the Four Gods; two groups of Jupiter on horseback, 
 from Ehran;:; .Jupiter .«itting with an effigy of Hercules on the chair- 
 back; Votives to Epona, Calva Dea, Deus "Caprio; Mercvry with Bacchvs 
 as a child, found at Onsdorf, and recalling the type of the Hermes of 
 Praxiteles. — Room XII: Roman Tomb Monuments from the environs of 
 Treves: Male portrait figures from Wintersdorf on the Sauer. — Room 
 XIII: Romanesque, Gothic, and later sculptures. 
 
 First Floor. Roo.m XIV : 'Roman Mosaic, executed by Monnus, probably 
 from about A. D. 300, found durln-; the erection of the Museum (upwards 
 of one third is lost), rejiresenting Muses teaching wise men, the Months 
 with their gods, the signs of the Zodiac, and the four seasons. — Room XV : 
 Roman Antiquities found at Treves. Antique marble columns; "Torso of 
 a Cupid; 'Torso of an Amazon, of excellent workmanship, found in the 
 Roman Baths at St. Barbeln (p. 172), recalling (he Mattel Amazon in the 
 Vatican; smaller objects from the Roman Baths, particularly combs and 
 hair-pins; Mural Paintings; Mosaic of the iluses, with glass-pins; Statue 
 of Jupiter from a Roman house iu the .Tohanni^.-Strasse. — Room XVI.
 
 Roman Palace. TREVES. 24. Route. 171 
 
 Antiquities found in the environs of Treves. Mosaics from the Roman villa 
 at Oberweiss; "Portrait Hermes from the margin of a lish-pond. found at 
 Welschbillig; Coins and Bronzes from the temple ruin? at Moehn; plans 
 of Roman buildings. — R )0m XVIII: Rich collection of Roman terracotta 
 vefaels and lamps. — Room XIX: Roman Tombs, chiefly from the burial- 
 ground outride the Porta ^igra, re-erected exactly as they were found 
 beneath the earth. — Room XX: Roman Drinking- cups with inscriptions; 
 terracottas; rich ^Collection of glass, rings, and cut stones; vessels of 
 'terra si^illata'. — Eoom XXI : Prce-Roman Antiquities, including the ob- 
 jects found at Rothlseufer (near Daun) and the so-called Etruscan vessels 
 from the "La Tene" tombs iu the Xahe and Saar districts. — Room XXII : 
 Franconian Antiquities a,r\i a small < '-reek and Ej;yptian collection. — Room 
 XXIII. Collection of Coins: Celtic coins; Roman coins, Roman coinscoined 
 at Treves in chronological urder; cuius of the Electors of Treves. 
 
 Room XXIV. Pictlke Gallery. Early Cologne School., Portrait; two 
 wings of an altarpiece on gold ground, recalling the master *if the Lyversberg 
 Passion; Lower German (perhaps Westphalian) School, Portrait of a noble- 
 man (1546) ; Lucas Cranach the £ldtr, ErSiSiiius oi RotierioLm-, Netherlandish 
 School, Portrait of Charles V. at the age of 7 years (,15<.i0) ; Antwerp School 
 of the 17th cent., Charles V, in the costume of the Golden Fleece; Joachim 
 Patenier (school-piece), Large landscape, with the repose during the flight 
 into Egypt in the foreground; Flemish School of the early loth cent., Visi- 
 tation of Mary, a triptych with verse on the wings; Geldorp Gortzin^, 
 Portrait of a "lady ; Rustic scene in the manner of Peter Brueghel the Elder 
 (1628); Drooch-Gloost, skating; several copies of Italian pictures; 'Jacob 
 van Es, Two still-life paintings with grapes; tapestry of the 15th cent., 
 Christ and the 12 Apostles. In the centi-e ot the room: ivory carvings ; 
 enamelled reliquary; Limoges enamel-, cup by ^N. Laudin; bronze disc of 
 the 12th cent. N\ith representation of the good Samaritan. Room XXV: 
 Rich collection of Rhenish stoneware; m'ajolica and porcelain; large 
 collection of glass (16-iMh cent.). 
 
 The *Boman Palace (PI. 24 ; H, 6), entered from the Prome- 
 nade, and also from the Exercier-Platz (drill-ground), lies at the 
 S.E. corner of the town, and forms a picturesque group of ruins, 
 part of which is 65 ft. high. In the middle ages the building, which 
 was long incorrectly supposed to he a Roman bath, was used alter- 
 nately as a church and as a fortress. The rubbish in the interior 
 accumulated to such an extent, that one of the windows was once 
 used as an entrance to the town. 
 
 The best-preserved part of the edifice is a Rectangular Room, with 
 three apses, at the S.E. end, formerly lighted by two rows of arched 
 windows, and heated by channels for hot air, many of which are still 
 visible. To the right and left of this chamber stood two Towers, one 
 of which is still extant and commands a fine view of the ruins and of 
 the town (ascent by a steep spiral staircase). — At the N.W. end, where 
 the excavations are still in progress, varitms circular and square rooms 
 and subterranean passages have been brought to light. 
 
 On a rising ground about 1/4 M. to the E. of the Baths (comp. 
 PI. H, 7) is the *Amphitheatre , locally known as the Kaskeller, 
 situated among vineyards. This arena , still in excellent preser- 
 vation , with a diameter from N. to S. of 76 yds., and from E. to 
 W. of 53 yds. , was capable of accommodating 30,000 spectators. 
 (That at Verona held 70,000 spectators , the Colosseum at Rome 
 87,000.) The E. half is built into the rocky side of the hill, while 
 the W. is raised to the same level by artificial means. At the N. 
 and S. ends are gateways , each with three openings , that in the
 
 172 Route 2d. TREVES. Roman Baths. 
 
 centre leading to the arena, and those at the sides to the seats for 
 spectators. There are also two entrances for the public on the W. 
 side. The dens for the wild beasts and the chambers for the glad- 
 iators are still traceable adjacent to the arena. The amphitheatre 
 was probably built in the reign of Trajan or Hadrian. In 306 Con- 
 stantine here sullied his fame by causing several thousand captive 
 Franks , with their leaders Ascarich and Ragais , to be torn to 
 pieces by wild beasts; and in 313 , thousands of the Bructeri were 
 barbarously sacrificed for the amusement of the people. — The Am- 
 phitheatre affords an excellent view of Treves by morning-light. 
 
 In the suburb of St. Barhtln^ adjoining the new Kaiser-Strasse 
 (PI. C,D,7), are the Roman Baths, an imposing structure of the 4th 
 cent. A. E., 660ft. in length, excavated in 1877-85 (adm. 25pf.5 
 plan 10 pf.). The principal facade was turned towards the N. The 
 masonry above the level of the ground has almost entirely disappeared, 
 though at the beginning of the 17th cent, it was preserved up to 
 the second story. The position of the cold baths (friyidarium), the 
 tepidarium and the caldarium, the large basin of warm water, the 
 heating apparatus, and other parts of the building can still be traced. 
 
 Adjacent is the Moselle Bridge (PI. B, 7), with eight arches, 
 some of the buttresses of which are of Roman origin. The second 
 and seventh buttresses from the town-side were blown up by the 
 French in 1689, and restored in 1729. The bridge (620 ft. long) has 
 recently been skilfully widened and levelled. — On the left bank of 
 the Moselle is the Goods Station. — The conspicuous Column of 
 the Virgin ('Maricnsaule'), on the hill, commemorates the promul- 
 gation of the dogma of the immaculate conception of the Virgin. 
 
 The best *View of Treves in the afternoon is obtained from the 
 garden-restaurants of '*Cafe Bellevue and Schneider's Hof, situated 
 on the hill on the left bank of the Moselle above the vUlage of 
 Pallien, and opposite the suburb of Zurlauben (ferry; comp. PL A, 1). 
 — A little beyond Schneiders Hof is the Weisshaus, with a pretty 
 park and a restaurant (cab, see p. 166). About II/2 M. higher up 
 is the Kockelsherg (Restaurant), commanding an admirable view. 
 
 About 3/^ M. to the S. of Treves is situated the venerable Church of 
 St. Matthias, dating in its present form from the 12th cent., with alter- 
 ations made in the 10th and 18th cent., and said to contain the sarco- 
 phagus of the Evangelist (a favourite resort of pilgrims). In the churchyard 
 are catacombs containing sarcophagi from an old Roman cemetery. — 
 About 3/4 ^i- to the I^. of the town is St. Paulin, with ;in interesting 
 rococo church of the early part of the 18th cent., richly adorned with 
 frescoes. In the vicinity is a spot marked by a Cross where some of the 
 early Christians suftered martyrdom at the hands of the Romans. In the 
 crypt are their tomes with their names inscribed. Near it is the vener- 
 able Abbey of St. Maximin, now a barrack (PI. H, 1). 
 
 The LuxBMBOUEG LixE follows the right bank of the Moselle as 
 far as Karthaus. — 061/0 ^1- Lbwenbriicken. 
 
 60 M. Karthaus^ the junction of the Metz and Saarbriicken line 
 (p. 166). Opposite the station on the right is an old Carthusian con-
 
 NENNIG. 2i. Route. 173 
 
 vent, since 1884 occupied by Franciscan nuns, who have restored 
 the handsome old rococo church. The train now crosses the Moselle, 
 
 62 M. Igel (Willemstedt), an inconsiderable village , contain- 
 ing one of the most interesting Roman relics to the N. of the Alps, 
 the celebrated *Igel Monument, popularly called the ' Heidenthurm' 
 (heathens' tower), and visible from the railway (to the right, below 
 the church). The monument is a sqiiare sandstone column, 75 ft. in 
 height, and 167-2 ft. broad at the base, and was erected as a funeral 
 monument by the rich mercantile family of Secundini , probably 
 in the latter half of the third cent, after Christ. It bears appro- 
 priate inscriptions , some of which are now illegible , and also 
 several reliefs of scenes of daily life and mythological representa- 
 tions, such as Hylas a'nd the Nymphs, Achilles being bathed in the 
 Styx, Mars and Rhea Sylvia, the Apotheosis of Hercules, Perseus 
 and Andromeda, and Hercules with the apples of the Hesperides. 
 From the church on the hill behind the monument a fine view is 
 enjoyed of the country around (best by evening -light). Above 
 Igel, which may also be visited ivom Wasserliesch (see below), are 
 extensive gypsum-quarries. 
 
 Near (641/2 ^l-) Wasserhillig the line crosses the frontier of 
 Luxembourg ; scenery picturesque ; the Sauer (Sure) here unites 
 with the Moselle, after having for some distance formed the bound- 
 ary between Prussia and Luxembourg. Near its month is the priory 
 of Langsur. From Wasserbilli.: to Diekirt'h (30 ^ 2 ^^■) ■, railway in 
 2-23 ^ hrs. via Echternach, see Baedeker's Belgium and Holland. 
 
 Near (65 M.) Mertert the train quits the Moselle and ascends the 
 valley of the Sire. To the right Manternach, with a large paper- 
 manufactory. 70 M. Wecker ; 74 M. Roodt; 79 M. Oetringen. The 
 train then crosses the Pulvermilhlenthal by a viaduct 275 yds. long 
 and 100 ft. high. The station of Luxembourg, situated on the right 
 side of the valley of the Petrusse , is connected with the town by a 
 liandsome viaduct. 
 
 87 M. Luxembourg (Hotels Brasseur, de VEurope, de Cologne, 
 des Nations, de Luxembourg), see Baedeker's Belgium and Holland. 
 
 From Treves to Thio^ville , 43' 2 ^^m railway in l^/^ hr. 
 (fares 5 J/ 80, 4.// 20, 2 J/ 80 pf.). — The line, a prolongation of 
 that described in R. 25, ascends the valley of the Moselle above 
 Treves, li/o M. Loicenbriicken. 5 M. Karthaus, the junction of 
 the Saarbrucken line (p. 166). Below the bridge at Conz (p. 166) 
 the train crosses the Saar, affording a view of the pretty valley of 
 that stream. 8 M. Wasserliesch, \-2^- to the S. of Igel (see above) ; 
 13M. Wellen. Near(15M.) Xittel the train passes through atunnel. 
 18 M. Winchringen; 23 M. Palzem. On the right, close to the 
 Moselle, the chateau of Thorn; farther on, to the left, the chateau 
 of B'dhingen. 
 
 25M. Nennig. The station is at the village oiWies, 1 M. from the
 
 11^ Route '25. MOSELLE VALLEY. 
 
 little Luxembourg town of Remich on the left bank of the Moselle, 
 and as far from the village of Nennig (Zur Kbmischen Villa). In the 
 last are the remains of a Koman villa, excavated in 1852, con- 
 taining a remarkably fine Mosaic Pavement, 49 ft. long and 33 ft. 
 broad (now protected by a wooden covering; fee). It is nearly as 
 large as the Mosaic of the Athletes in the Lateran at Rome , and 
 perhaps surpasses that celebrated work in artistic execution. The 
 principal scene represents a combat of gladiators, and is surrounded 
 by seven medallions with animals, fencers, and musicians. 
 
 29 M. Perl, the last Prussian station. — 32 M. Sierck (*H6tel 
 de Luxembourg), a small and ancient town with 1300 inhab., pic- 
 turesquely situated on the right bank of the Moselle, and com- 
 manded by the conspicuous ruins of a castle of the Dukes of 
 Lorraine. About 6 M. to the N.E. is Schloss Mensberg, popularly 
 known as Schloss Marlborough, from its occupation by the great 
 British general. 36 M. Mallingen; 381/2 M. Konigsmachern. 
 
 431/2 M. TMonville, see p. 164. 
 
 25. The Moselle from Coblenz to Treves. 
 
 Railway (69 M.) in 21/4-31/4 hrs. (fares 9 Jf, 6 .// 80, 4 J( 50 pf.; ex- 
 press, 10 Jl 10, 7 Jl 50, or 5 •/// 30 pf.). The trains start from tlie 'Mosel- 
 bahnlior (p. 96). — View to the left. 
 
 Steamboat (119 M.) four or live times weekly from Coblenz to Treves 
 in 11/2 day, spending the night at Trarbach. The descent from Treves to 
 Coblenz takes 11-12 hrs. Faros for the a=cent V/2 or 5 Jf, descent 10 J( 
 or 6 Ji^ 60 pf. Comp. the local time-tables. The river is sometimes so 
 low that the steamboats have to cease running. Restaurants on board 
 the steamers; table d'hote at 1 p.m., 3 Jf. — Local Steamboats: between 
 Coblenz and Coc/iem daily in summer, except Friday, leaving Coblenz at 
 
 1 p.m. and Cochem very early in the morning (1 Jl 80, 1 Ji 20 pf.); be- 
 tween Berncasiel and Trives daily, except Thurs., leaving Berncastel at 
 4 a.m. and Treves at 3 p.m. (fares, ascending 2 Ji? 50, 1 Jl 80, descending 
 
 2 Jl, 1 Jl 20 pf.). — The steamboat-pier at Coblenz lies between the 
 bridges over the Moselle, and is reached by descending to the left of the 
 approach to the old bridge and passing through the gateway. 
 
 The '''Valley of the Moselle is not unworthy of comparison with that of 
 the Rhine. The scenery is remarkably picturesque at places, the wooded 
 and vine -clad hills present a great variety of form, and the valley is 
 enlivened with smiling villages and ruined castles. The finest portion is 
 between Coblenz and a point a little above Berncastel. The prevailing 
 stillness affords a pleasant contrast to the noise and bustle of the Rhine. 
 Charming excursions may be made in the wooded and sometimes rocky 
 lateral valleys, the beauties of which are often enhanced by picturesque 
 ruins, and magnificent views are afforded by the tops of numerous hills. 
 The region watered by the Moselle is also rich in political and historical 
 associations, extending back to the time of the Romans ; and a Roman 
 poet, Decius M. Ausonius (circa 309-392), has celebrated the praises of this 
 river in a poem entitled 'Mosella'. The Moselle wines have long been 
 famous for their delicate bouquet (see p. xxiii). The pedestrian will find 
 the valley admirably adapted for a walking-tour, which is greatly facili- 
 tated by numerous fairly-comforfable though small and unpretending inns. 
 The letters R.B. and L.B. denote the right and left banks with reference 
 to the traveller descending the river. 
 
 The train skirts the base of the Karthause (p. 101"), and above 
 (2 M.) Moselweis crosses the Moselle by a handsome iron bridge.
 
 WINNINGEN. 25. Route. 175 
 
 21/2 ^i- ^^^s (steamb. stat. ; Zillieii), a prettily-situated village. 
 The train traverses the orchard-like district of Giils, skirting the 
 vine-clad hills, and passes Lay. a village on the right bank. 
 
 5 M. Wilinuigen (steamb. stat.; ^Schxcan^ pens, from 3l'2 J/ ; 
 '^Adler; Anker; Hofbauer), a market-town with 1900 inhab., 
 once belonging to the county of Sponheim , and hence forming, 
 like several other places on the Moselle (Enkirch, Trarbach, etc.), 
 a Protestant 'enclave' in the midst of the Roman Catholic Electo- 
 rate of Treves. 
 
 Farther up the river the left bank consists of lofty and precipi- 
 tous rocks, called the Winninger and Coberner Vlen , every 
 available spot on which is planted with vines, producing the best- 
 flavoured wine of the Lower Moselle. — On the opposite (r.) bank 
 lies Dieblich (Sauer). with a handsome church. 
 
 L.B. (972-^^0 Cobem (steamb. stat.; *^/monKs), commanded by 
 two castles. The railway-station lies above Cobern, on the Gondorf 
 road. A steep footpath ascends through the vineyards (the path 
 with the pilgrimage- stations is longer, but easier) to the picturesque 
 Niederburg, once the seat of the knights of Cobern, the last of whom, 
 Johann Lutter, was beheaded at Coblenz in 1536 on a charge of 
 high-treason. Higher up lies the Oftgrburg, or Altenburg, within 
 which is the Chapel of St. Matthias (ask for the key in the village), 
 a hexagonal edifice in the late-Romanesque style, measuring 53 ft. 
 from angle to angle, begun in 1230, and restored by Frederick Will- 
 iam IV. The central portion rises above the rest, and is supported by 
 six columns. The very elaborate decorations are executed in a 
 masterly style , and the acoustic properties of the chapel are 
 excellent. Fine view of the valley. 
 
 Farther up, on the same (1.) bank, lies Gondorf (Haupt), with 
 the Tempelhof, a recently restored Gothic castle, and an old chateau 
 of the counts and princes Yon der Leyen, now intersected by the 
 railway. The village is mentioned as early as 871 under the name 
 of Condravia, and on account of the numerous Roman and Franco- 
 nian tombs found here is supposed to have been the Roman harbour 
 of Contrua. 
 
 On the opposite bank lie Niederfell (Flock) and KiXhr. 
 
 101/2 ^I- Lehmen, (steamb. stat.). The river is bordered here 
 with precipitous crags. 
 
 R.B. Oherfell. — L.B. (13 M.) Cattenes. 
 
 R.B. Aiken, an old place with mediaeval houses and fortifica- 
 tions, now comes suddenly into view. On the hill above it rise the 
 towers of the old castle of Thuron, or Thurant, built by Count Pala- 
 tine Heinrich (p. 95) about 1200, and a frequent object of dispute 
 between the Counts Palatine and the Electors of Cologne and 
 Treves. It was besieged by the two Archbishops in 1246-48, when 
 600,000 gallons of wine are said to have been consumed by the 
 assailants. — 15 M. Loe/' (Railway Restaurant) is the station for —
 
 1 76 Route 25. ELTZ. Tlie Moselle from 
 
 R.B. Brodentach (steamt), stat. ; ^Posl), pleasantly situated at 
 the base of lofty wooded liills. 
 
 Just above Brodenbach is tbe luoutb of a narrow ravine, which ex- 
 pands about */2 31. from the river and contains a number of mills. Kear 
 the first of these a footpath diverges to the left between two rocks and leads 
 past a (3 min.) point of view to the O/2 hr.) 'Ehrenburg, the finest ruin on 
 the Moselle, situated on an isolated peak (now inhabited by a shoe- 
 mriker who shows the castle). A vaulted, winding carriage-way leads to 
 the foot of the two towers , which command a beautiful panorama (un- 
 pleasant stair). — From the Ehrenburg to Boppnyd, 2'/2 hours. 
 
 An overhanging cliff is now passed on the left bank (^Hattonis 
 Porta'), beyond which the valley of the Moselle expands. 
 
 16 M. Hatzenport (steamb. stat.) and Boes (Heidger, Kranz, 
 both moderate), two long contiguous villages, above which rises 
 an old church. The railway-station is ^/^ M. above Hatzenport. 
 
 About 3 M. to the W. (diligence from Hatzenport twice daily in 1 hr.) 
 lies Miinster-Maifeld C815 ft. ; 'Sonne; Maifelder Hof), a small and ancient 
 town with 1500 inhab., from the 6th cent, onwards the chief place in the 
 Meginovelt, or Megingau, which extends hence to the Rhine. The con- 
 spicuous Church, formerly belonging to an abbey, is the successor of a 
 basilica of St. Martin, which existed here as early as 633. The front with 
 its two round towers, resembling a fortress, and a curious elevated chapel 
 in the interior, perhaps date from the 10th cent, (or the 12th?); the choir 
 and choir-chapels are in the transition-style of 1225-30; while the nave, in 
 the developed Gothic style, was completed at the beginning of the 14th cen- 
 tury. — Carr. from Bliinster-Maifeld to (3 31.) Scbloss Eltz (see below), 
 there and back 5 Jf-., diligence to Mayen (p. 93) daily in 2V4 hrs. 
 
 R.B. Burgen (steamb. stat.), at the mouth of the Beybachthal. 
 Opposite rises the massive tower oi Bischof stein, erected in 1270. — 
 In the Beybachthal, 7 M. farther up, is the ruin of Waldeck. 
 
 191/2 M. Moselkern {^Anker ; Zur Burg Eltz, pens. 31/2 «^> 
 both well spoken of), at the mouth of the Eltz. 
 
 In the narrow, tortuous valley of the Eltz, 4 M. above Moselkern, lies 
 ScHLoss Eltz, which may also be reached from Miinster-Maifeld (see above) 
 via Wierschem in 1 hr., or from Hatzenport (see above) on foot via Lnsserg 
 in 13 4hr., or from Miiden (see below) in 1 hr. — The road from Mosel- 
 kern to Eltz crosses the Eltz several times. Pedestrians pass by the church 
 or below the railway-arch and ascend the left bank of the Eltz, crossing 
 to the (25 min.) right bank a little on this side of the second mill. Beyond 
 the mill they proceed to the left along the garden-fence, cros.^ the mill- 
 stream by a small bridge, and follow the slope of the hill to the (5 min.) 
 road. In 2 min. mnre they again quit the road and follow the fo'tpath 
 to the left, %vhich leads up and down hill (divergence to the right to be 
 avoided), linally crossing to the left bank and ascending to the castle. 
 Kefreshm. may be procured at the forester's, below the castle. 
 
 *Schlosa Eltz, an ancient residence of the Counts of Eltz, is most 
 picturesquely situated upon a lofty rock, surrounded by wooded hills. 
 The diflFerent parts of the chateau date from the 12-lGth cent., and have 
 been to a great extent restored. The rooms are furnished in the styles 
 of dififerent centuries, and are adorned with family- portraits, armour, and 
 weapons. In the Hittersaal (knights' hall) is a visitors' book , which 
 contains the autograph of the Prince of Wales. Admission on written ap- 
 plication. — Opposite Schloss Eltz are the ruins of Trutzeltz, or Balden- 
 eltz, erected by Archbishop Baldwin of Treves to command the castle, 
 with the counts of which he carried on a protracted feud. 
 
 20V 2 M. Miiden (*Hofer), opposite the entrance of the pretty 
 Liitzer-Thal.
 
 Coblenz to Treves. COCHEM. 25. Route. 177 
 
 231/2 ^'^^ Garden (steamb. Stat. ; ^Brauer ; Kolilbecher) , below 
 Avhich is a cave in which St. Castor , whose bones now repose in 
 the Castorkirche at Coblenz, is said to have dwelt in the 4th cen- 
 tury. The present church, once part of an abbey, was erected 
 in 1183-1247 on the site of an earlier one founded by the saint. 
 The interior contains several late - Gothic sculptures. — Higher 
 up. on the other bank of the river, lies — 
 
 R.B. Treis (steamb. stat. ; Conzen), with 1600 inhab. In the 
 valley behind it are the ruins of theWUdenburg and Schloss Treis. 
 
 24 M. Pommern, at the mouth of the Pommerbach, in the valley 
 01 which are the ruins of the nunnery of i?oscnt/iaZ, founded in 1170. 
 — 27 M. Clotten, with the ruins of a castle and an interesting old 
 church, is the depot for the excellent slate yielded by the sub- 
 terranean quarries of Mullenbach. 9 M. inland. 
 
 30 M. Cochem. — Hotels. *ZuR Usios, well-appointed, 1/2 M. from 
 tLe station. E., L.. & A. l3/2-2'/2, B. 85 pf., D. 21/4 Jl\ ~Germania; Stadt 
 Ki)LN (with garden restaurant), Fellexz, both well spoken of. 
 
 Omnibus on the left bank of the Moselle to the terminus opposite 
 Beilstein (p. ITS), twice daily. Diligence to Lutzerath in the Eifel, daily. 
 
 Cochem (steamb. stat.), a district-town with 3200 inhab., at 
 the entrance of the Enderthal, is one of the prettiest places on 
 the Moselle (beautiful view from the railway -station). The old 
 *Castle, destroyed by the French in 1689, was frequently occu- 
 pied by the Archbishops of Treves in the 14th and 16th centu- 
 ries. It was restored in 1868-78 for Herr Ravene' (d. 1879) by the 
 Berlin architect Raschdorff. with the aid of ancient plans and views. 
 The principal tower is adorned with a huge figure of St. Christo- 
 pher, in mosaic, by Salviati. Visitors apply for admission in the 
 restaurant at the entrance (fee); a few of the sumptuously decor- 
 ated rooms only are shown if the proprietor is in residence. — 
 On the right bank, opposite Cochem, lies Cond. 
 
 In the Enderthal, on a hill about 3 :.!. from Cochem, rises the tower 
 of the Winnebttrg, the most ancient seat of the Mettemich family, destroyed 
 by the French in 1689. A beautiful view is obtained on the way to Faid. 
 
 The train now passes through the Cochemer or EUererBerg to El- 
 ler (see below) by means of the longest tunnel in Germany (22/3 M.), 
 the excavation of which through the clay-slate occupied 31/2 years 
 (1874-77) and cost about 200,000 I. ; it is vaulted throughout. 
 
 The Moselle sweeps round the Ellerer Berg in a winding curve of 
 more than 12 M. in length, which the steamer takes 2V2 bra. to traverse 
 in ascending and IV2 hr. in descending. The banks here are particularly 
 picturesque. 
 
 At Sehl Oeft bank), 1 M. above Cochem. a line retrospect is enjoyed 
 of Cochem, its castle, and the Winneburg. — L.B. Ebernach , once a 
 p-iory, now a lunatic asylum. 
 
 R. B. Valvia. Picturesque groups of rocks. 
 
 L.B. Nieder'-Ernst and Oher-Ernst. Between them a modern church 
 with two towers. Above the sharp bend which the river makes here, 
 about 3 M above Cochem, lies — , • + 
 
 R. B. Bruttig (steamb. stat. ; Friedrich.s) , a small town with quaint 
 mediaeval houses. 
 
 Baedekers Rhine. 12th Edit. 12
 
 178 Route 25. BEILSTEIN. The Moselle from 
 
 R. B. Fankel, lying somewhat inland. — L. B. Ellenz. 
 
 R.B. Beilstein (steamb. stat. ; Lipmann), nestling at the foot of the 
 rocks, is overlooked hy the old imperial castle of the same name, which 
 afterwards belonged to the Electors of Treves, and then to the Coxmts 
 (now Princes) of Mettcrnich-Winneburg ; it was destroyed in 1688. 
 
 L.B. Poltersdorf. — R.B. Briedern. — R.B. Mesenich. 
 
 R.B. Senheim (steamb. stat. ; *Schneidcrs), picturesquely situated on the 
 slope of the hill, with a high-lying church and an imposing old castellated 
 dwelling-house (the 'Burg'). Opposite lies — 
 
 L.B. Senhals (Henriclis; Deis) 5 omnibus twice daily to (4 M.) Eller 
 (see below). 
 
 L.B. Ediger (steamb. stat; -Ldice) ^ surrounded with old fortifications, 
 and possessing numerous mediteval buildings and a late-Gothic church. We 
 now reach Eller (see below), 4 M. above Senhals. 
 
 Above Eller, at the base of the wooded Calmond^ in the pretty 
 valley of the Eller, is the mouth of the tunnel mentioned above. 
 
 33 M. Eller, with old houses of the feudal ages. Above it, on 
 the right bank, are the ruins of Stuben (see below). 
 
 The train crosses the Moselle, passes through another tunnel 
 (370yds. long), and skirts the base of the precipitous Petersberg, 
 on the right bank. 34 M. Neef, with an old manor-house. 
 
 At the centre of the curve which the river describes round tlie 
 Petersberg, to the left, are situated the ruins of the monastery of 
 Stuben, founded in the 12th cent, and suppressed in 1788. A little 
 farther up, on the left bank, Bremm, with a late-Gothic church and 
 several mediaeval houses, said to be the first place on the middle 
 Moselle where vines were planted. Then Aldegund. 
 
 36I/2M. B-all&Y (*Marienbury, moderate; *Eail. Restaurant), on 
 the right bank, the station for Alf and the baths of Bertrich (see 
 p. 187) on the opposite bank, and also for Zell (p. 180). From 
 the station we enjoy a view of the valley of the Alf to the "W., with 
 the castle of Arras in the background. — The road to the ferry 
 turns to the right at the station, and then leads again to the right 
 below the railway to the village of Bullay and the Alf ferry. F.y 
 following the railway a little farther and crossing the bridge men- 
 tioned below we reach the foot of the Marienburg (p. 180), which 
 is ascended hence by a good footpath in 20 minutes. 
 
 From the Bullay station we may reach in about 35 niin. the 'Vier- 
 seenplatz" (Four Lakes View) on the Kbnig (iron lingerpust by the roadside 
 near the station). Beautiful view of the Marienburg and the Moselle 
 country, superior to that from the JIarienburg itself. Descent in V2 hi"- 
 to Merl. (Interesting walk from Alf or Bullay to the Marienburg, Kaimt, 
 Zell, Merl, Kiinig, Bullay : 3 hrs) 
 
 Steamboat Journey from Alf to Treves, see p. 179. 
 
 Railway. Beyond Bullay the train crosses the Moselle by a 
 huge double bridge resting on iron girders , of which the higher 
 level supports the ordinary roadway. The central opening has a 
 span of 290 ft., the five lateral openings of 116 ft. each. The 
 train then penetrates the Prmzcnfcop/" (p. 180) by a curved tunnel, 
 480 yds. in length, which emerges upon the river above Piinderich 
 p. 180). The railway is next carried along the hill by an imposing)
 
 Coblenz to Treves. ALF. 25. Route. 179 
 
 viaduct with 92 arches, each 24 ft. wide. — SSi/oM. Piinderich, the 
 station for the village on the right hank, I1/4 M. farther down 
 (p. 180; ferry). 
 
 From Pcsdekich to Tkabex. 7M., brancli-railway inSimin. (fares 70, 
 45 pf.). 1 M. Reil (p. 180); 2 M. Burg (p. 181); 4i/4 M. Enkirch (p. 181); 
 7 M. Traben-Trarbach fp. 181). 
 
 Beyond Piinderich the train quits the river, and enters tlie 
 Alfthal by means of another tunnel (530 yds.) through the Reiler 
 Hals. ( The valley of the Moselle is regained at Schweich, see below.) 
 
 To the right in the Alfthal, half concealed by the trees, is seen 
 the church of the old canonry of Springirsbach, founded in 1107, 
 an edifice in the Italian style of the 18th cent., and now the 
 parish-church of Bengel. To the N. is the beautiful Kondelwald, 
 traversed by a path along the Signal to Bertrich fp. 187). The line 
 ascends the Alfthal. past (42 M.) Bengel (Zimmer) and Kinder- 
 beuren (Wirz). and beyond a tunnel 635 yds. in length reaches — 
 
 44 M. Verzig (Koppelmann), 2 M. from the village of that 
 name on the Moselle (p. 181), to which a diligence runs twice daily. 
 
 The train now descends into the valley of the Lieser. 
 
 From (471/2^10 Wengerohr a branch-line (2V-2 M. in 10 min.) 
 runs to Wittlich f*Zum Wolf; *Post; Losen, unpretending), a 
 district-town with 3400 inhab. — To Manderscheid^ see p. 193. 
 
 From Wengerohr to Berncastel, 10 M., railway in ^/t-l hr. (fares 
 iO or 70 pf.). The train descends the pretty valley of the Lieser. 2 M. 
 Flatten; 5 M. Siebenborn , the station for Noviand; b^jz M. Moving. Xear 
 (7 M.) lAesei' it reaches the Jloselle, opposite MUhlheim (p. 182). O'/e M. 
 Cues (p. 182), opposite Berncastel (p. 182). 
 
 The Lieser is crossed. To the right lie the hamlet of Biirscheid 
 and the village of Altrich^ to the left the Haardter Hofe. Beyond 
 the watershed between the Lieser and the Salm we reach — 
 
 52 m. Salmrohr, 1^2^^- from which is the pilgrimage -resort 
 Eberards- Clausen , an old abbey with a fine church (carved altar 
 of the second half of the 15th cent.). — 57 M. Hetzerath (630 ft.). 
 
 62 m. Schweich (steanib. stat.) , 1 M. from the station, on the 
 Moselle. The train then passes through the tunnel of Issel, 850 
 yds. in length. — 64 M. Quint , with an iron-work (p. 183). — 
 65 M. Ehrang, a station on the Eifel railway (p. 187), is also 
 connected with Treves by a branch-line (5 M.) passing Biewer and 
 Pallien (p. 172). The Moselle railway crosses the river beyond 
 Pfalzel. and reaches — 
 
 69 M. Treves, see p. 166. 
 
 The Moselle from Alf to Treves. 
 
 Alf. — Hotels. *Post; Bad Beetkich, Bcrg Areas, both very fair; 
 ScniJNE AissicHT, on the Moselle. — Diligence to Bertrich (p. 187) twice 
 daily in IV4 hr., starting from the railway-station of Bullay; also Omnibus 
 Carriage with one horse 5 Jl., two horses 6-7 Jl. 
 
 Alf, a village with 1300 inhab., lies on the left bank of the 
 Moselle, at the mouth of the picturesque valley of the Alf., be- 
 
 12*
 
 180 Route 25. MARIENBURG. The Mosdle from 
 
 tween the Sollig and the Prinzenkopf. Through the valley runs the 
 high-road to {A^/2M.')Bertrich (see p. 187). On the other side of the 
 Moselle lies JBullay (p. 178), to which a ferry plies (carriages cross 
 the bridge mentioned at p. 178). 
 
 Alf lies at the lower end of a circuit of 71/2 M. described by 
 the Moselle round the saddle of the Maribnburg (360 ft.) and 
 the Barl, a tongue of land only 550 yds. in width, on the farther 
 side of which lies Piinderich (see p. 179), l'/.? M. from Alf. 
 The steamer takes ^/4hr. with, and li/2hr. against the stream, 
 to accomplish this detour , so that walkers may quit the river at 
 Alf, ascend to the (i/^ hr.) Marienburg, and regain the steamer at 
 (1/4 hr.) Piinderich. There is still ample time to descend after the 
 boat comes in sight at Briedel. Carr. from Alf to the top of the 
 Marienburg and back 4 Jf. — A walk from Bullay to the Marien- 
 burg, across the bridge mentioned at p. 178, takes "20 minutes. 
 
 The *Marienburg (good Restaurant), with the ruins of a castle 
 said to have once existed here , or of the nunnery erected on the 
 same spot in 1146, is one of the finest points on the Moselle. The 
 view embraces the wooded and vine-clad slopes of the Moselle, the 
 smiling villages on its banks , the summits of the Hunsriick and 
 the Eifel, and two detached reaches of the river, resembling lakes. 
 — Pleasant walks may be taken from the Marienburg to the top of 
 the Barl (see above), and to the Reilerhals, which aflords a view of 
 the valleys of the Moselle and the Alf. 
 
 The distance from Alf to Treves by the river is about 62 M. 
 The first place passed by the steamboat after leaving Alf is Merl 
 (Croflf) , on the right bank, 2 M. above Bullay. At the lower end 
 of the village rises the 'Eisthurm', belonging to the former fortifi- 
 cations , and the Severinsthurm , a clock-tower of the destroyed 
 church of that name. 
 
 R.B. Corray. — R.B. Zell (*Fier, recommended for a stay, 
 omnibus to Bullay; Breuer, unpretending), a district-town with 
 '2500 inhab., surrounded by remains of old walls. The interesting 
 old Electoral Chateau was built in 1543. Handsome new Town 
 Hall. — Opposite lies — 
 
 L.B. Kaimt, whence a picturesque path leads along the base 
 of the Barl to (3/4 hr.) the Marienburg. 
 
 R.B. Briedel (Schneider), commanding a good view of the S. 
 and W. sides of the Marienburg. 
 
 R.B. Piinderich (rail, stat., see p. 179; Kallfelz), a pictures- 
 quely-situated village. Opposite the steamboat-pier is the path 
 mentioned at p. 178, which ascends to the Marienburg in 1/4 ^r. 
 Farther on, high up on the left bank, is the mouth of the Prinzen- 
 kopf Tunnel (p. 178) and the viaduct of the railway, which then 
 enters the Alfthal (p. 179) by the Reiler Tunnel. 
 
 R.B. Eeilkirch, IY4M. above Piinderich, is the churchyard of 
 the village of Reil (railway see p. 179 ; Barzem, Nalbach, both mod-
 
 CobUnz to Treves. TRARBACH. 25. Route. 181 
 
 erate), which lies a little higher np on the opposite bank. Beyond 
 Reil the left bank is very steep. 
 
 R.B. Burg. — R.B. Enkirch (*Anker), a large village, named 
 Ankaracha in the earliest documents. 
 
 L.B. Kbvenich , a small group of houses , built chiefly with 
 the ruins of Montroyal (see below). — L.B. Litzig. 
 
 On the top of the lofty rocks to the left (R.B.) lies Starkenburg, 
 with the ruins of a castle, in which, about the middle of the 14th 
 cent., the Countess Laurette von Starkenburg detained Archbishop 
 Baldwin of Treves in captivity for an attempted infringement of 
 her rights, until he paid a large ransom for his liberation. To the 
 right rises the Trabener Berg , on the flat top of which are traces 
 of the fortress of Montroyal, constructed by Louis XIV. in 1686, 
 but demolished in 1697 in pursuance of the Treaty of Ryswyck. 
 The hill commands a beautiful view. — At the apex of the curve 
 which the river makes round this hill lies — 
 
 L.B. Traben | *Clauss. R.&B.2^ 25, D. 2 J/, S. 1 J^ 30 pf., 
 pens, with R. -4-5 J/ ., *Schuler, at the railway-station), a village 
 with 1600 inhab. (rail, stat., see p. 179). — Opposite (71/2 M. 
 from Piinderich) is — 
 
 R.B. Trarbach {*Bellevue, R. & L. 21 4, D. 1 .^ 80, S. i J^ 
 25 pf.; Grdfinburg-, Brauneberg, unpretending; Sprungmcmn^s Re- 
 staurant , good wine) , the most prosperous little town on the Mo- 
 selle . with 1800 inhab. , most of whom are Protestants (comp. 
 p. 175). It is commanded by the ruin of the Grdfinburg, built, ac- 
 cording to the legend, by Countess Laurette von Starkenburg with 
 the ransom of Archbishop Baldwin (see above). 
 
 At Trarbach opens the Kautenbachthal, a valley enclosed by wooded 
 and rocky slopes, through which runs the high-road to Fischbach (p. I06). 
 The most picturesque part is above (2V2 5^) tbe Wildstein, where there is 
 a thermal spring (83° Fahr.). 
 
 At Trarbach begins the district of the 'Upper Moselle', which 
 produces the 'ZeltingerSchlossberg', 'Berncasteler Doctor', 'Braune- 
 berger', and other highly-prized varieties of Moselle wine. 
 
 L.B. Rissbach. — R.B. Wolf. The ruins on the hill are those 
 of a monastery. 
 
 L.B. Croff (*Zur Grafinburg, unpretending) possesses an inter- 
 esting timbered house with two oriel-windows. 
 
 L.B. Kinheim (Neidhofer, good wine). 
 
 R.B. Kindel. — R.B. Losenich. — R.B. Erden, noted for its 
 wine. 
 
 On the left bank, below Uerzig, is a tower built into the red 
 sandstone rock, with a large sun-dial, formerly a castle, afterwards 
 a hermitage, known as the Michaels-Lei or Nicolaus-Lei. 
 
 R.B. Uerzig (*Post), a place of some importance, which once 
 possessed an independent jurisdiction. It is 2 M. from the station 
 mentioned at p. 179, the road to which first ascends somewhat 
 steeply and then descends (diligence in 1/2 br. ; omnibus 50 pf.).
 
 1S2 Route 25. BERNCASTEL. 
 
 R.B. Rachtig. — L.B. Machern, once a nunnery. — K.B. Zel- 
 tingen (Nikolai; 'ScWossberger', good wine). 
 
 R.B. Graach. Adjacent to the chiircli is a former convent. The 
 Martinshof^ or Josephshof. a little lower down, the Himmelreich, 
 and the Kirchlei all produce esteemed varieties of wine. 
 
 R.B. Wehlen. 
 
 R.B. Berncastel (*Drei Konige, in a side-street, R. & B. 2 e^ 
 40 pf., D. 2 Ji ; *Posi), a prosperous town with 2400 inhabitants. 
 The ruined electoral castle of Landshut, now the property of Emp. 
 William, commands a beautiful view of the Moselle and of the pic- 
 turesque valley of the Tiefenbach (key of the tower at the hotels). 
 Several other points of view have recently been made accessible by 
 promenades. The wine known as 'Berncasteler Doctor' and those 
 of the 'Lei" are much prized. Local steamer to Treves, see p. 174. 
 
 Berncastel is connected by an iron bridge with — 
 
 L.B. Cues, the birthplace of the learned Cardinal Nicolaus 
 Cusanus (d. 1464), who founded a hospital here and bequeathed 
 to it his library, containing some valuable MSS., a number of 
 Codices, and rare old impressions. The hospital owns several of 
 the vineyards in the neighbourhood. New Protest, church. Cues 
 is the terminus of the branch-railway mentioned at p. 179. 
 
 R.B. Andel. — L.B. Lieser (Post, at the rail. stat. : Junk), a 
 well-built village at the mouth of the brook of that name. 
 
 R.B. Miildheim (*Karschl, a village of some importance at the 
 entrance to the picturesque Veldenz Valley. 
 
 R.B. Dusemond. — R.B. Neu-Filzen. — R.B. Fllzen. 
 
 L.B. The Brauneberg, famous for its wine. At the upper end of 
 the Brauneberg, on the hill, lies Monzel. below which, on a small 
 headland, is Kcsten (footpath in II/4 hr. to Pisport, see below). 
 The hills of Ohligsherg and Neuierg, on the other bank, also pro- 
 duce excellent wine. 
 
 R.B. Winterich , beyond which the rocky slopes of the Geiers- 
 herg approach close to the river. 
 
 L.B. Minheim, at the apex of a sharp curve in the river. 
 
 R.B. Reinsport (*Fuchs). — R.B. Mustert. A little inland lies 
 Niederemmel. 
 
 L.B. Pisport (*Hayn), the ancient ^Pingontius Portus\ has been 
 for centuries famous for its wine. Hence via Clausen to the rail, 
 stat. of Salmrohr (p. 179), 2^ 4hrs. 
 
 L.B. Ferres, the Boveriis of ancient charters, ^/4 M. above 
 Pisport. 
 
 A little higher up , the Thron, a rapid stream abounding in fish, 
 flows into the Moselle on the left. The village of Thron (Feilen), in its 
 narrow valley, is noted for its wine ('Hofberger'). 
 
 R.B. Neumagen (Hoffmann), the Roman Noviomagus, where 
 Constantino had a castle, mentioned by Ausonius. In 1877-86 
 an immense quantity of Roman sculptures from tombb was dis- 
 covered here; some of the reliefs, now in Treves (p. 170), refer to
 
 ZULPICH. 26. Route. 183 
 
 the wine-trade carried on on the Moselle by the Romans. The church, 
 erected in 1190, -was probably built with the stones of the castle. 
 
 Above Neumagen the Moselle makes a sharp curve. 
 
 L.B. Trittenheim (Lorenz), with a handsome church, the birth- 
 place of Johann Trithemins , the historian (d. 1516). 
 
 R.B. Leixcen. — R.B. Kowerich. — L.B. Cliisserath (Post), 
 at the mouth of the Salm, 4V'2 ^I- from Hetzerath (p. 179). 
 
 R.B. Thomich. — R.B. Detzem ('ad decimum', i.e. the tenth 
 Roman milestone from Treves). Opposite, — 
 
 L.B. Ensch. — L.B. Schleich. — L.B. Polich, where remains of 
 a Roman villa have been excavated. — L.B. Mehring. an old place. 
 — L.B. Lorsch. — L.B. Longen. 
 
 A little inland on the right bank, between the two last-named 
 villages, on the side of the hill , lies Riol , the Rigodulum of 
 Tacitus , where the Roman general Cerealis conquered the rebel- 
 lious Treveri, and took their leader Valentinus prisoner. 
 
 R.B. Longwich (Sonntag), prettily situated. — R.B. Kirsch, 
 nearly opposite Schweich (p. 179). 
 
 L.B. Between Issel and Ehrang (p. 179) is the iron-foundry of 
 Quint ('ad quintum', i.e. 5 Roman miles from Treves). 
 
 R.B. Rawer ; in the valley of the brook of that name, through 
 which ascends the railway from Troves to Hermeskeil (133 M. in 
 272 hrs.), lie Grilnhaus and Casel, both famed for their wine. 
 
 L.B. PfalzeL (Palatiolum), where Adela, daughter of King 
 Dagobert, founded a nunnery in 655. 
 
 Treves, see p. 166. 
 
 26. From Cologne to Treves. The Volcanic Eifel. 
 
 113 M. Railway in 5'A lirs. (fares 14 Ji 40, 10 .// 80, 7 Jl 20 pi".). 
 
 Cologne, see p. 24. As far as (6I/2 M.) Kalscheuren the line 
 follows the direction of the Left Rhenish Railway (R. 10); it then 
 turns to the right, and intersects the Vorgebirge (p. 14). 10 M. 
 Kierherg; 133/4 M. Liblar ; ITi/o M. Weilersivist , the station for 
 Vernich; 21 M. JJerkum. 
 
 241/2 M. Euskirchen (Brinkmann; Caspary), a town of 8120 
 inhab., with cloth-factories, lies on the Erft. It is the junction of 
 the Cologne line with branches to Diiren (see below) and Bonn. 
 
 From Euskikchen to Duren. 18V2 ^I-, railway in ^4-1 hr. (fares 2 Jl 
 10, 1.60, 1.10). — ti M. Ziilpich [Fast), an ancient "town (1900 inhab.), the 
 Roman Tolbiacum . where in 496 the Alemanni were defeated by the 
 Franks, in consequence of which victory Clovis became a convert to 
 Christianity. The handsome Romanesque church of St. Peter dates from the 
 11th and i2th centuries. — I8V2 M. Diiren. 
 
 From Euskirchen to Bonn, 21 M., railway in IV4 br. (fares 2 Jl 80, 
 2.10. 1.40).— The line crosses the £'r/^ 2 M. Cuchenheim; 4I2M. Odendorf. 
 Abnut 2 M. to the S.E. of {VI2 M.) Rheinhach (Frings ; Wilckens ; Wald- 
 Hotel) rises the Tomberg, with a ruined castle. — iO'/z M. Meckenheim 
 (Eichen; Nierendorf), a village with 2000 inhab., once fortified. — 21 M. 
 Bonn, see p. 76.
 
 184 Route 26. HILLESHEIM. From Cologne 
 
 Fkom Elskix£C1ien to MiJNSTEKEiFEL, 8^2 M., railwav in Vi hr. (fares 
 90, 60, 30 pf.). Munstereifel {Post, Hillebrand, both very fair), a small 
 town prettily situated on the Erft, has a late-Romanesque church of 
 the 12ih cent, containing tombtones of the 16th cent, and a winged altar- 
 piece of the school i if Lucas van Leyden. About 6 M. S.E. tif Munstereifel 
 rises the basaltic Michelsherg^ with a pilgrimage chapel and fine view. 
 
 291/2 M. Satzvey; 33 M. Mechernich , to the left of which are 
 extensive lead-mines and foundries, with tall chimneys, one 440 ft. 
 high. Beyond a tunnel, the line steadily ascends. 
 
 391/2 M. Call (Nesgen; Reinhard), a village with some dis- 
 used forges. 
 
 From Call to Hellesthal, 101'2 M., railwav in 1 hr. — SV-'M. Oemiind 
 (Bergemann); 572 M. Olef. — 71/2 M. Schleiden (Graf), with 5CJ0 inhab., 
 two ancient churches, and a modern chateau. — 10 M. Blumenthal, a little 
 above which rise the imposing ruins of the castle of Reifferscheid , men- 
 tioned as early as 975, the ancestral seat of the Princes and Counts of 
 Salm-Eeiflerscheid-Dyck. — IOV2 BI. Hellenthal (*Schinck), picturesquely 
 situated on the Olef. 
 
 42 M. TJrft (Schneider). The old abbey of Steinfeld, founded 
 in the 10th cent, and now a reformatory, lies 1 M. to the S.W. 
 (not visible) ; the church is large and well-preserved. — 45 M. 
 Nettersheim, on the Urft. 
 
 491/2 M. Blankenheim, which lies 21/2 M. from the station (dili- 
 gence thrice daily; Post; Weyer's Inn), is situated in a narrow 
 valley to the E., with the picturesque ruins of the ancestral castle 
 of the knights of Blankenheim , built in the 12th century. The 
 Ahr (p. 87) rises at Blankenheim, where its sources are enclosed 
 by a wall. Diligence to Adenau (p. 92; 18^2 M.) once daily. 
 
 The line continues to ascend, until at(52M.) Schmidtheim, with 
 an old chateau of Count Beyssel, it crosses the watershed between 
 the Urft and the beautiful * Valley^ of the Kyll which it enters at 
 (571/2 M.) Junkerath (1415 ft. ; Brinkmann), the station for Stadt- 
 kyll (Post), situated 3 M. higher up (diligence). Jiinkerath, which 
 possesses a'large foundry and an extensive ruined castle, probably 
 occupies the site of the Roman station Icorigium, — 60 M. Lissen- 
 dorf. The train descends, passing over 44 bridges and viaducts, and 
 through 10 tunnels. 
 
 63 M. Hillesheim (1380 ft.; '^Kloep ; *Fasen), a small town 
 with 1200 inhab., 2 M. to the E. of the station. The (1 M.) Kyller 
 Hohe commands a beautiful view. 
 
 Fkom Hillesheim to Daun, 14 V2 M. The road leads by (41/2 M.) Obei'- 
 e/ie and (2'/.2 M.) Drtis, between which places, to the right of the road, 
 lies the Dreiser Weiher, a marshy meadow remarkable for its strong car- 
 bonic acid exhalations. The next village is (1 M.) Dockweiler, whence the 
 route to Daun is described at p. 189. 
 
 The most interesting part of the line begins below Hillesheim. 
 The valley, which is exceedingly fertile and well-cultivated, is en- 
 closed by precipitous and partly-wooded limestone rocks of most pic- 
 turesque forms. To the right of the village of Pelm (Britz), which 
 the train passes, rises a wooded hill (1560 ft.) crowned with the ruined 
 *Casselburg (ascent by the road from the Kyll bridge in 20 min.,
 
 W"'
 
 to Treves. GEROLSTEIN. 26. Route. 185 
 
 from the Hillesheim rail, station in 11 4 lir.), once the ancestral 
 castle of the knights of Castelberg. The principal tower, 164 ft. 
 high, commands a splendid view of the Kyllthal and the Eifel. The 
 key is kept at the forester's house opposite (refreshments). 
 
 The Papenkaul (see below) may be reached from the forester's house 
 in 40min.; near it is a cavern, known as i)i& Buchenloch. in which some 
 colossal fossilised bones were lately found. From the Papenkaul we 
 descend to Gerolstein in 1,4 hr., passing the lime-tree mentioned below. 
 
 The valley of Gees^ to the S.E. of Pelm, abounds in fossils. 
 
 69 M. Gerolstein (1225 ft.; Railway Restaurant; *Post, R. & B. 
 2-21,2, D. 2 c///; Heck, well spoken of; Moog; Els, at the station), 
 with 900 inhab., one of the most picturesque places in the Eifel, is 
 situated to the right on the side of a rocky hill, and commanded by a 
 ruined castle, built by Gerhard von Blankenheim in 1115, and after- 
 wards in the possession of the Counts of Manderscheid. The Castle, 
 reached from the station in 1/4 hr., past the 'Post and the church 
 (and then to the left), affords a fine view of the Kyllthal and the 
 lava formations on the opposite side. The best view of Gerolstein 
 itself is obtained from a point a few hundred paces beyond a large 
 lime-tree on the footpath to the Munter Ley, reached in 5 min. 
 from the station by turning to the right and crossing the railway. 
 The view from the (20 min.) flag-staff, higher up, is more exten- 
 sive but less picturesque . Still farther up is the Papenkaul (1825 ft.), 
 a small extinct crater, from which a narrow stream of lava descends 
 by a grassy valley on the N. side into the Kyllthal (from the Papen- 
 kaul to the Casselburg 3/4 hr.). The entire neighbourhood of Gerol- 
 stein is very interesting in a geological point of view. Besides the 
 volcanic formations, aqueous limestone, containing innumerable fossil 
 shells, also occurs. Among the numerous mineral springs the Flora- 
 brunnen and the Sprudel are prominent. — The volcanic Detzenlei 
 (1905 ft.), 3 M. to the S., near Biischeich, commands an extensive 
 view. — From Gerolstein to Daun, see p. 188. 
 
 From Gerolstein to St. Vith, 3672 51., railway in 23/4 hrs. (fares 
 3 Jf 60, 2 U'/ 40, 1 Jjf 20 pf.). The chief intermediate station is (15 M.) 
 Priim (Goldener Stern), situated on the brook of that name, at the S. end 
 of the Schneifel (p. 187), anciently the seat of a Benedictine abbey founded 
 by the Merovingians in 720, and once in the enjoyment of political inde- 
 pendence, but suppressed by the French in 1801. About 5 M. to the N. 
 are the picturesque ruins of Schonecken. — 27 M. Bleialf. — 361/2 M. St. Vith, 
 and thence to Malmedy and Aix-la-Chapelle, see p. 13. 
 
 To the right, beyond Gerolstein , are the castle -like rock of 
 Auhurg and the steep crags of the Munter Ley (see above). At 
 Lissingen are two castles, adjoining each other and still occupied. — 
 74 M. Birresborn, a village of 1000 inhab. on the right bank of the 
 Kyll, connected by a stone bridge with the railway -station on the 
 left bank. About IV4 M. above the village is situated the Mineral 
 Spring of Birresborn, the strongest and best-known of the chalybeate 
 springs of the Eifel, the water of which is exported. 
 
 761/2 M. MiXrlenbach (Krumpten), a village (780 inhab.) with 
 the ruins of a castle founded by the Merovingians and re-erected
 
 186 Route 26. KYLLBURG. 
 
 in the 17th century, — 78 M. Densborv, Avith another ruined castle. 
 The limestone-rocks are now succeeded by variegated sandstone. 
 The line traverses a pleasant wooded tract, and passes the villages 
 of Zendscheid and JJtsch and the suppressed Cistercian monastery of 
 St. Thomas, built in 1185 and now a seminary for Rom. Cath. 
 priests. The Gothic church was completed in 1225. The train 
 passes through a tunnel. 
 
 84 V2 M. Kyllburg (890ft.; *-?c/iui«€, pens. 4-4V2 e// ; Stern; 
 Schv^eitzer , both good, pens, from 3 Ji! • Eifelhof), another very 
 picturesque place, with 1100 inhab., lies on an eminence ^partly 
 enclosed by the Kyll. From the station we follow the road towards 
 the town and follow the main street to the left of the tunnel to the 
 Stern Inn. Hence we may ascend to the right to the Marienthurm 
 (25 min.; key at the railway-station, 25 pf."), a tower affording a 
 fine view of Kyllburg. On a height to the left stands the handsome 
 Gothic Stiftskirche (1195 ft.), built in 1276, with stained glass of 
 1534, from designs after Diirer (key kept at the parsonage, the 
 last house to the right , opposite the old watchtower). The ad- 
 jacent cloisters are of later date. A pleasant promenade (indicated by 
 a finger-post at the upper well, to the left) leads round the slope of 
 the hill for about 2M.; another, the 'Ringpfad', runs along above 
 the left bank and is reached by crossing the bridge and keeping 
 to the right. Fine view from the 'Wilsecker Linde', to the S., 
 also reached by crossing the stream and turning to the right. 
 
 ^ On a height, on the Kyll. IV2 M. to the W. of Kyllburg, rises the 
 chateau of Malberg, incorporated with an old castle and coiumanding a 
 fine view, — Diligence to (15 M.) Manderscheid (p. 192) daily in 31/2 hr?. 
 
 The train now passes through a short tunnel and crosses the 
 Kyll. The brook here describes a circuit, which the railway cuts off by 
 means of the WiUeck Tunnel, IY4M. in length. 88 M. Erdorf 
 (785 ft. ; "Weinard) is the station for Bithurg (4 M. distant; dili- 
 gence five times daily in 1 hr.). 
 
 The road to Bithurg crosses the Kyll. Immediately beyond the bridge 
 a road leads to the right to (2 M.) Fliessem (Leonardy), near which, in 
 the Otrang^ are the remains of a Roman villa with several fine Roman 
 mosaic pavements (fee to the keeper). The Otrang is V2 hr.'s walk from 
 Erdorf by the path diverging to the left from the Fliessem road. 
 
 Bithurg (Well) was the Bedae Vicus of the Romans, and a station on 
 their road from Treves to Cologne, several of the milestones of which 
 have been found in the neighbourhood. 
 
 The line continues to follow the picturesque wooded * Valley of 
 the Kyll^ bounded by sandstone-rocks. The brook now becomes na- 
 vigable for rafts. Tunnels and bridges follow each other in rapid 
 succession, and numerous mills are passed. At Huttingen is a pic- 
 turesque waterfall, often scanty in summer. 93 M. Philippsheim, 
 the station for (I1/2 ^L) Dudeldorf, with an old castle. 95 M. 
 Speicher ; the village, ^\•ith important potteries, lies on the hill, 
 11/2 ^-to the E. 97 M. Auw, with a pilgrimage-church, erected in 
 1708-46. 100 M. Cordel, with large quarries, where hundreds of 
 flint-axes have been found. To the right of the station rises the
 
 BERTPJCH. ^26. Route. 187 
 
 ruined castle of Rarnstein, erected in the 14tli century. 108 M. 
 Ehrang, the last station, lies at the junction of the Kyllthal with the 
 valley of the Moselle, and is connected by a line of rails with the 
 Quint (p. 183). Beyond Pfalzel, the Moselle is crossed ; the station 
 of Treves is at the E. end of the town. 113 M. Treves, see p. 166. 
 
 The Volcanic Eifel. 
 
 The Eifel is a bleak mountainous district situated between the Moselle, 
 the Rhine, and the Roer, about 45 31. in length, and 25 31. in breadth. The 
 E. part is called the Hohe £>/el , near Adenau and Kelberg, and com- 
 prises the Hohe Acht (2410 ft. ; p. 92) , the ^urburg: (21S0 ft. ; p. 92) , the 
 Aremberg (p. 92), and the Erensberg (2265 ft.; p. 189); the W. part is the 
 Schneifel {i.e. Schnee-Eifel), in the neighbourhood of Priim (p. 1S5) ; and 
 the S. part is the Vorder - Ei/el , or Volcanic Eifel, extending as far as 
 the Rhine (Laacher See, p. 95). and embracing Gerolstein, Daun, 3Iander- 
 scheid (p. 192), and Bertrich (see below). The Vorder-Eifel is very pic- 
 turesque at places, and is also very interesting in a geological point of 
 view owing to the numerous traces it bears of former volcanic action, 
 such as the streams of lava, slag-hills, 'Jlaare', or extinct craters filled with 
 water, &c. Comp. Dr. von Dechetis Geognostischer Fiihrer dttrch die Vorder- 
 eifeV (2nd ed., 1886; 2> ^U). The Inns are unpretending, but as a rule com- 
 fortable and moderate (R., S., .t B. about 3.//). 
 
 The finest points of the Vordereifel are the environs uf ZJaun, Mander- 
 scheid, Gerolstein. and Eyllburg, the last two on the railway (pp. 185, 
 186). Nothing is lost by driving instead of walking part of the way. 
 
 Fkom the 3I0SELLE Railway the Eifel is best explored as follows : 
 1st Day. From Bullay to the Marienburg (p. 180), 20 min.; Alf (p. 179), 
 V2 hr. ; Bertrich, 2 hrs.; environs of Bertrich. — 2nd Day. To Hontheim, 
 3/4 hr. ; Strotzhiisch, I'/i hr. ; Pulvermaar. 1 hr.-, Oillen/eld, 1/2 hr.; via Eck- 
 feld and the Belvedere to Manderscheid, 23/4 hrs. — 3rd Day. Visit to the 
 Afoienberg, 2V2 hrs. ; drive to Baun, 2 hrs.; afternoon, environs of Daun. 
 — 4th Day. By the Erensberg or the Scharteberg to Pelm, 4 hrs. ; by the 
 Casselburg to Gerolstein , IV4 hr. — 5th Day. To Kyllburg, where the 
 railway is reached. 
 
 Feom the Eifel Railway. With the aid of the railway described in 
 this route the finest points in this very interesting district may be most 
 conveniently visited as follows: 1st Day. Railway to Hillesheim or Gerol- 
 stein (p. 185); walk by Bewingen or Pelni to the Casselburg in IV2 hr. 
 (p. 1S6); walk or drive to Daun, 10 31.; ascend the Erensberg and the 
 Scharteberg by the way, if time permit. — 2nd Day. Walk by Gemiin- 
 den, the Dauner Maare , the Mduseberg, and ilehren to the Pulvermaar, 
 3 hrs. ; Gillenfeld , '/^ hr. ; by the Belvedere to Manderscheid, 23/4 hrs. — 
 3rd Day. Walk over the Mosenberg to Bettenfeld, IV2 hr. ; to Eisenschmitt, 
 IV2 hr. ; diligence thence to Kyllburg. 
 
 From Alf (p. 179) to Bertrich, SVo ^^i omnibus several 
 times daily (fare iJl; one-horse oarr. 5, two-horse from ^M, fee 
 extra). The road leads at first through the romantic Valley of the 
 Alf, and then at (17-2 ^1.) a disused iron rolling-mill , ascends the 
 valley of the Vesbach. At the top of the hill lie the ruins of Burg 
 Arras, said to have been built by the Archbishop of Treves in 938 
 for a charcoal-burner and his two sons, who had distinguished them- 
 selves by their courage in the destruction of a band of Hungarians. 
 
 Bertrich. — Hotels. *Pitz, next door to the Curhaus, R. 2'/2, B. 1, 
 D. 2V2, pens, without S. 5-6 J^; =Adler, R. 2 Jl, B. 70 pf., D. 2V4, S. 1, 
 pens, with R. 5-6 Jl ; *Drei Reichskeonex, R., L., &. A. 1V2-2, B. 3/4, 
 D. IV2-272. S. 1, pens, with R. 4'/2-6 Ji ; *Zum Kurplatz, unpretending; 
 ViEK Jahbeszeiten; D'Hein, R. & B. 2, D. 1.80, S. 1, pens. 41/2 J^-
 
 188 Route 26. BERTRICH. EifeL 
 
 Carriage to Alt" and Bullay 4, with two horses 6 Ji?, there and back 
 7 and ^J(-^ two-hurse carr. to Manderscheid and back 24, Dauu and Bel- 
 vedere near Manderscheid 20, to the Maare 25 Jf. 
 
 Bertrich (^540 ft.), a small watering-place with 360 inhab., 
 delightfully situated in a secluded valley, and visited annually hy 
 1000 patients, may be described as a kind of modified Carlsbad, 
 the waters of which are specially efficacious in gout, rheumatism, 
 and nervous, liver, and intestinal complaints. The warm springs 
 (90° Fahr.l contain Glauber's salt. Pleasant walks have been laid 
 out in all directions. On the Romerkessel, an eminence where the 
 Roman relics now in the garden of the bath -establishment were 
 found, is a small Protestant chapel. 
 
 The road to Lutzerath through the valley of the Ues crosses that 
 stream about 1/2 -^I- from the Curgarten. To the left, beyond the 
 bridge, is the Elfenmiihle (Restaur.). Ascending to the left before 
 reaching the mill, and after 90 paces following the lower path to 
 the right, we reach the *Kaskeller ('cheese-cellar'), a grotto com- 
 posed of basaltic columns, each formed of 8 or 9 spheroids, resembling 
 Dutch cheeses. Near it is a scanty Waterfall, 16 ft. in height. A 
 basaltic stream of lava is visible in several places in the bed of the 
 Uesbach. 
 
 A pleasant walk may be taken from the Kiiskeller to the (1 hr.) Nan- 
 tersburg; thence to the (IV2 hr.) Rodelheck (1585 ft.; refreshments at the 
 adjacent forester's), which commands an extensive panorama; and lastly 
 to the (1/2 hr.) Reinhardslust^ on the path leading from the Rodelheck to 
 the mouth of the Uesbach (see p. 187). 
 
 If we follow the road to Lutzerath 1/4 M. beyond the Elfenmiihle, as 
 far as the kilometre-stone 9.1, diverge here to the right by the old road, 
 ascend to (15-18 min ) the second cross-roads, and follow the footpath to the 
 left past the the Maischquelle , we reach (in 1/4 ^^- more) the ^Falkenlei 
 (1365 ft.), a semi-conical hill, the S. side of which is a precipice 170 ft. 
 in height, exhibiting the geological formation of the interior. At the 
 bottom lie solid masses of lava ; at the top scoriae and slag. Numerous 
 caves and clefts have been formed in the rock, in which the temperature 
 seldom exceeds 48° Fahr. The rocks are thickly covered with yellowish 
 red moss and lichens. The summit affords an extensive view of the vol- 
 canic peaks of the Eifel ; the highest are the Hohe Acht (p. 92), the Niir- 
 burg (p. 92), with a tower on its summit, and the Hohe Kelberg-, to the 
 N.W. the prospect is circumscribed by the long isolated ridge of the 
 Mosenberg (p. 192), a little to the left of which rises the Kerother Kopf 
 with its ruin (p. 189). A very steep path descends to the high-road on 
 the side of the hill opposite" to that by which we ascended. 
 
 The above-mentioned road, ascending to the left near the Elfen- 
 miihle, leads to (2M.) Hontheim, and then follows the ridge to the 
 right to (3 M.) Strotzbiisch (Kratz, plain). From Strotzbiisch we 
 may follow the road for about 2M. more and then proceed to the left 
 via. the Romersberg to the (^/^t£') PaZuermaar and (IV2M.) Gillen- 
 feld; comp. p. 191. 
 
 Fbom Gerolstein to Daun, 131/2 M. (diligence twice daily 
 in 2^/4 hrs. ; one-horse carr. i1J4^. The road traverses a district of 
 great geological interest, about 60 sq. M. in area, extending N.W. 
 as far as Hilleslieim (p. 184) and Stefflen, and from the former
 
 mfel. DAUN. 26. Route. 189 
 
 towards the S., down the Kyllthal to Birresborn (p. 185), to the E. 
 to Daun (see below), and again to the N, to Dockweiler and Dreis 
 (p. 184). Proofs of volcanic action, which are more numerous here 
 than in any other part of the Eifel, are afforded by preserved craters, 
 or portions of craters , overflowed by masses of slag and streams of 
 lava overlying the grauwacke and limestone-rocks, and by conical 
 basaltic formations which protrude from the surrounding rocks. 
 
 We first ascend through the valley of the Kyll to Pelm 
 (p. 184). A finger-post in the middle of the village indicates the 
 way (left) to the Casselburg (p. 184). Near the upper end of Pelm 
 the old Daun road ('nach Kirchweiler') diverges to the right from 
 the new one. The new road follows the Kyllthal a little farther, and 
 then gradually ascends, passing near Rockeskyll, and by the villages 
 of Essingen, Hohenfels (which lies in the basin of an old crater), 
 and Betteldorf, to Dockweiler (8 M. from Gerolstein), where it joins 
 the road coming fromHillesheim (BV'q ^1-; comp. p. 184). To the S. 
 of Dockweiler rises the Erensberg (2263 ft.), an extinct crater, from 
 which a thick stream of basaltic lava, beginning about 200ft. below 
 the summit, descends towards the N. to Dockweiler and Dreis. — 
 Daun (see below) is 5'/2 ^^- from Dockweiler. As we near it, 
 the War Monument on the Wehrbiisch (p. 190) becomes visible 
 to the right (S.). 
 
 The old road, rougher, but more interesting and 2V2 ^^' shorter 
 than the new, ascends to the right from Pelm , and reaches its 
 highest point at Kirchweiler (Schloemer), whence the Erensberg to 
 the N. (see above) and the Scharteberg (2230 ft.) to the S., the 
 latter even more distinctly recognisable than the former as an extinct 
 volcano, may be ascended. The circular crater is surrounded with 
 blistered masses of slag. About 100 ft. below the summit begin 
 the lava streams which descend towards the N., S., and E. The 
 last of these, although almost everywhere covered with 'rapilli' (or 
 'lapilli', small round nodules of lava) and volcanic sand, is traceable 
 by the occasional protrusion of the rock through its superficial 
 covering, and may be examined in the quarries worked in it in the 
 direction of Steinborn , where a transverse section of two streams 
 lying one above the other is exposed to view. The lowest stratum 
 consists of porous and but slightly cleft basaltic lava ; above it lies 
 slag, 3-4 ft. in thickness ; next comes a layer of rapilli and volcanic 
 sand; and finally, next the surface, basaltic lava again (comp. 
 p. 95). A little farther S. is the Nerother Kopf(2i20 ft.), a hill of 
 slag crowned with a ruined castle. — Beyond Kirchweiler the hilly 
 road to Daun next passes Steinborn, where there is a mineral spring 
 (to the left the Felsberg, to the right the Rimmerich , two craters 
 with lava streams), and Neunkirchen. 
 
 Daun. — Hotels. *HoMMEs, near the S. E. of the town, R. 2-2V2, 
 D. 11/2-21/-', pena. with R. 3V2-4 J( ; Schramm, Gandnek, both well spoken 
 of. — Bathing House at the Gemiinder Maar (p. 190; key kept at Daun). 
 
 Carriage to Gerolstein , Manderscheid , or Lut/.erath, 10-12 Ji. — Dili-
 
 190 Route 26. MAUSEBERG. Eifel. 
 
 gence twice daily to Gerolatein (p. 185) and twice to (23 M.) Wittlich 
 (p. 179), once via (lO'/z M.) Manderscheid and once via (13 M.) Gillenfeld. 
 
 Daun (1310 ft.), a small district-town , with 900 inhab., lies 
 picturesquely in tlie valley of the Lieser, on the slope of a hill which 
 is crowned with the remains of the old Schloss of the Counts of 
 Daun, a celebrated family, several members of which distinguished 
 themselves in the Austrian service. The castle was stormed in 1352 
 by Baldwin of Treves and William of Cologne. The modern build- 
 ing on the hill, which was formerly occupied by a bailiff of the 
 Elector of Treves, is now the chief forester's residence. Adjoining 
 It is the modern Protestant Church. The Roman Catholic Church, 
 in the village, contains two painted coats-of-arms of the Counts of 
 Daun. Several mineral springs in the neighbourhood. 
 
 About 1/2 M. to the N.E. of Daun rises the Pormerich (1615 ft.), the 
 abrupt margin of a crater covered with slag. The crater itself, which is 
 filled with volcanic ashes , is easily distinguished from the surrounding 
 masses of lava. The Dauner Leyen., a broad stream of lava, descends from 
 it towards the W. The eminent geologist Von Dechen (p. 92) is of opinion 
 that the columnar lava on which the castle of Daun stands belongs to this 
 stream , that a passage was forced through it by the Lieser at a later 
 period, and that the picturesque rocks of the Leyen and those near the 
 castle were thus exposed to view. — About 7 M. to the N.E. of Daun lies 
 the Uelmener Maar, now nearly dried up, formerly 13 acres in area, with 
 the village and ruined castle of Uelmen (*Franzen). 
 
 To the S.W. of Daun rises the Wehrbusch (1607 ft.), another lava-hill, 
 crowned with a conspicuous monument to the natives of the district of 
 Daun who fell in the war of 1870-71. 
 
 To the N.W. of Daun is the Warth (1625 ft.). The Nerother Kopf 
 mentioned above, is 4 M. to the N.W. 
 
 The Dauner Maare , or crater-lakes of Daun (see below), 
 lie 2^-2-4 M. to the S.E. of Daun in an extensive bed of vol- 
 canic deposits, consisting of scoriae, rapilli, and occasional strata of 
 volcanic tufa. We follow the Manderscheid road (from which, 
 1/3 M. from Daun , a road diverges to the left to the church oif 
 Weinfeld and Schalkenmehren) to the (3/4 M.) chausse'e- stone 
 55.3, above the village of Gemiind^ which lies to the riglit on the 
 Lieser. A finger-post indicates the way (to the left) to the (I/4 hr.) 
 Gemiinder Maar and the Mauseberg. The *Gemiinder Maar 
 (1325 ft.) is the smallest of the crater-lakes of Daun. It lies in a 
 (i'^ep and partly-wooded basin, and is about 18 acres in area and 
 200ft. in depth. Those who do not wish to descend to the bank 
 of the lake proceed direct to the Mauseberg (way-post). The road 
 soon emerges from the wood and affords a beautiful *View of the 
 Gemiinder Maar, with Daun and its wooded hills beyond it. We 
 then ascend to the (20-25 min.) nearly barren summit of the 
 Mauseberg (1845 ft.), which commands a line view of a great 
 part of the Eifel. In the foreground lies the solitary Weinfelder 
 Maar (1570 ft.), another of these crater-lakes, 40 acres in area, 
 and 220 ft. in depth, and the Weinfelder Kirche, the only relic of the 
 village of Weinfeld, now used as a burial-chapel. (From the Mause- 
 berg back to Daun via the Weinfelder Kirche, ^/^ lir.) — To the
 
 Eifel. GILLENFELD. 26. Route. 191 
 
 S. E. of the Weinfflder Maar lies the Schalkenmehrer Maar 
 (1385 ft.), the third of the lakes of Daun , 55 acres in area, and 
 100 ft. in depth, drained on the S. side by the Alfbach (p. iST). The 
 bed of peat on the E. side is believed by geologists to be the site 
 of a still older crater, which was afterwards partly filled in con- 
 sequence of an eruption from the crater now occupied by the lake. 
 
 By proceeding towards the E. across the ridge between the two 
 Maare, we reach (I72M.) the village of Mehren ('^Knodt; Franzen), 
 situated on the high-road 4V2 M. to the S. E. of Daun. About 
 IV4 M. from Mehren, not far from the t'lmen road (p. 190), near 
 Steineberg, is the Ringwall, an extensive prehistoric burial-ground 
 commanding a fine view. — "We follow the road, parts of which are 
 shaded by trees, for about 4M. farther, take the Gillenfeld road to 
 the right, and diverge by a footpath to the left to the *Pulvermaar 
 (ISuOft.), the most beautiful and, after theLaacher See (p. 95), the 
 largest of these crater-lakes, 90 acres in area, and 300 ft. deep, 
 situated in a picturesque basin fringed with woods. The hills on 
 its banks consist almost entirely of volcanic sand, which appears 
 as a black powder in the water of the lake. On the S. side rises 
 the Romersberg (1565 ft.), a considerable rock composed of slag. 
 From this point we may walk to Strotzbiisch (p. 188) in ^/^ hr. 
 
 About IV2 M. to the W. of the Pulvermaar lies the village of 
 Gillenfeld (1335 ft. j '^'Clasen, D. 1V-.-2, pens. 31/2-4 <if; '^Post, 
 D. 1 J/ 20 pf.). 
 
 From Gillenfeld to Mandehscheid, 6 M. After about 1 M. 
 the road leads for a short distance through wood, affording a view 
 of the small Holzmaar to the right. Eckfeld is passed 2 M. farther 
 on, and then (1 M.) Buchholz, with the church common to these 
 two villages. Near Buchholz, beyond Hoifmann's Inn, a footpath di- 
 verges to the right, which is joined 10 min. farther on by another 
 path coming from the church of Buchholz. Here we again turn to 
 the right and after a walk of 10 min. more through trees reach the 
 ^Belvedere, one of the most beautiful points near Manderscheid, 
 which affords a striking view of the castles of Manderscheid rising 
 from the valley below, with the Mosenberg and other hills in the 
 background. A column from a Roman villa on the Mosenberg com- 
 memorates the visit of Frederick "William IV. in 1833. — From 
 the Belvedere , we may descend by a steep path to the (12 min.) 
 Lieser and re-ascend in 12 min. more to the saddle by the upper 
 castle, near which we enjoy to the left a charming xievf of the lower 
 castle ; thence by the ridge to a small view-temple and to (10 min.) 
 Manderscheid. — Another path is indicated by a finger-post about 
 80 yds. before we reach the Belvedere, leading in 10-12 min. to 
 Nieder -Manderscheid, in the valley of the Zieser, where we regain 
 the high road. The road crosses the Lieser (tine view from the 
 bridge) and ascends to (3, 4-I M.) Manderscheid. 
 
 From Daun to Manderscheid. direct (iOV2 M. ; diligence daily in 
 2'J4 hra.). This road, which has few attractions, passes above Gemaud
 
 1 92 Route 26. MOSENBERG. FJfel. 
 
 (p. 190) to Wet/ersbach, quits the valley of the Lieser , and ascends to 
 Uedersdorf. The lofty and imposing masses of lava which the road tra- 
 verses between these villages are believed to owe their origin partly to 
 a volcano to the S. of Uedersdorf, which culminates in the Weberlei (1530ft.), 
 a slag- hill near the valley of the Kleine Kyll. and partly to a volcanic 
 mountain (1770 ft.) rising "towards the N. W. Halfway between Ueders- 
 dorf and Manderscheid lies Bleckhausen. 
 
 Manderscheid [1215 ft.; * Fischer , R. IV2, B. ^U, S. 11/4.^/; 
 *Zens ; *Mullejans, similar charges; carriage to Daun 8 J/'\ a vill- 
 age of some importance with 850 inhab., lies on a lofty plain be- 
 tween the Lieser and the Kleine Kyll. On the S. E. side, in a 
 singularly picturesque situation, are two ^-'Castles, perched on jagged 
 slate-rocks rising precipitously from the deep valley of the Lieser, 
 the ancient seat of the Counts of Manderscheid who became extinct 
 in 1780. Manderscheid is a good halting-place for a day or two. 
 Fine views from the Constantinswdldchen (there and back 3/^ hr.) 
 and the Friedrichsplatz (there and back 25 min.). To reach the 
 above-mentioned J5eZ(;e<:/cre (35 min.) we take the footpath to the 
 left, 250 paces beyond the bridge over the Lieser. 
 
 The most interesting volcanic mountain of the Eifel is the con- 
 spicuous, three-peaked Mosekberg, 1 hr. to the W. of Mander- 
 scheid. We first follow the Bettenfeld road, which descends into 
 the valley of the Kleine Kyll, crosses the stream, and rapidly re- 
 ascends. We take a path to the left at the second bend. 
 
 The *Mosenberg (1720 ft.) is a long hill of lava extending from 
 N. to S., with four craters, the lava-walls of which rise fantastically 
 to a height of 50 ft. The basalt and slag which form the summit 
 have here protruded 250 ft. through the grauwacke. The N. crater, 
 formerly filled with water, was drained in 1846 , and now yields 
 peat. The huge lava -stream which has issued from an opening in 
 the S. crater may be traced as far as the (2/4 M.) Horngraben (foot- 
 path), where it reaches the Kleine Kyll, and rises in perpendicular 
 lava-cliffs 100 ft. in height. The hill is surrounded with beds of 
 slag and scoriae, and is but scantily covered with grass. View very 
 extensive (best by evening light or before sunrise). — By following 
 the Horngraben from the Mosenberg we may reach the (1 hr.) Man- 
 derscheid and Kyllburg road near the Neumiihle (see below). 
 
 From Manderscheid to Kyllburg, 15 M., diligence daily in 
 3*/2"3V4 l^^s. [Walkers should follow the new path via the Mosen- 
 berg and Bettenfeld, which is indicated by red and yellow marks.] 
 The road soon descends into the valley of the Kleine Kyll, crosses 
 the river, passes the (21/4 M.) Neumiihle, where the above-mentioned 
 path from the Mosenberg joins the road. Just beyond this point 
 the Fischbach flows into the Kyll. The scenery of the valley here is 
 picturesque and imposing. The road then winds up the left bank 
 of the Fischbach, and after II/4 M. divides, the left branch lead- 
 ing to Wittlich (p. 179), the right to Kyllburg-. The latter leads 
 through wood to (S^/o ^1-) Fisenschmitt (.Tung), on the Salm. [In 
 the valley of the Salm, 2 M. below, are the extensive ruins of
 
 EMS. "il. Route. 193 
 
 the Benedictine abbey otEimmerod, founded in 1139 by St. Bernard 
 of Clairvaux ; there are almost no remains of the church.] We 
 then ascend in windings, which pedestrians may avoid (path in 
 20min.), to (1 1/2 M.)<S'c/ti(;arj6n6orn (Zens), 572 M- from Kyllburg. 
 Farther on we pass OberkaU (^*Diedenhofen), with the scanty ruins 
 of an old castle and fragments of a Roman wall, which once ex- 
 tended from this vicinity to Bitburg. We reach (41/2 ►^) Kyllburg 
 by the bridge over the Kyll (see p. 186). 
 
 Fkom Maxdekscheid to Wittlich, 121; 2 jyi,^ diligence daily 
 in 23/4 hrs. As far as the bifurcation of the road on the left bank 
 of the Fischbach , see above. The road to Wittlich leads to the S. 
 through uninteresting scenery. -i^/iM. Gross-Litgen (Heck), sur- 
 rounded with luxuriant meadows; 2V-2 M. M'mder-Litgen (1150ft.). 
 1/2 M. farther on, the road descends in windings (shorter footpath) to 
 the valley of tbe Moselle. Fine view. — 4 M. Wittlich, seep. 179. 
 
 27. From Coblenz to Wetzlar. 
 
 Ems and the Valley of the Lahn. 
 Comp. Map, p. 102. 
 
 64 M. Railway by Niederlahnstein to Ems in V'z-^A lir. (fares 1 Jl 50, 
 1 Jt, 70 pf.), to Wetzlar in 2V2-3V2 hrs. (8 UiJ 40, 6 ^ 30, iL Jl 20 pf.; 
 express 9 Ui( 40, 7 U!f, 4 .^ 90 pf.). Nassau and the district as tar as Schaum- 
 burg, Limburg, Weilburg^ and Wetzlar, are the most picturesque points. 
 
 The train, starting from the Moselbahnhof, crosses the Rhine by 
 the bridge mentioned at p. 100, and passes through a cutting on the 
 landward side of Horchheim (oomp. p. 103j. 
 
 3 M. Niederlahnstein (p. 103 ; Railway Restaurant), the junction 
 of the railways from Ehrenbreitstein and to Wiesbaden (p. 130). 
 Travellers for these lines change carriages. 
 
 The train now skirts the AUerheiligenberg (p. 103), affording 
 a fine view of Lahneck (p. 105) to the right. It then crosses the 
 Lahn , and ascends on the left bank, where the line from Ober- 
 lahnstein (p. 105) is joined. Several iron-works are observed. The 
 river is provided with numerous locks to facilitate the navigation 
 of the barges which convey to the Rhine the ores yielded by this 
 district. — 6 M. Friedrichssegen, the station for the lead and silver 
 mines of the same name, which lie near Friicht [p. 190), in a 
 side valley, about l^/o ^1- to ^^^ E. Near it is the Ahler Hiitte. 
 Farther on, Nievern and the large Nieverner Hutte. 
 
 IOY2M. Ems. — Hotels (most open in summer only). *Rotal Cdbhaus, 
 with its dependances Steinernes Haus and Commissariats- Gebdude on the 
 left bank and Panorama on the right bank, R. i'/2-7 Ji, B. 1,20, D. 3 Jf, 
 also pension, with tixed charges; '-Englischer Hof, at the lower end 
 of the promenade ; ^Vier Jaheeszeiten &, Edeopaiscuee Hof, near the 
 Cursaal ; '-Daemstadtee Hof , near the bripge and the railway-station ; 
 'Rdssischer Hof, in the centre of the town : these all of the first class, 
 with similar charges: R., L., & A. from 31/2, B. 1.20-1.40, D. 6, pens, 
 from 6V2-7 Ji. On the left bank, near the railway-station: 'Tkinck 
 OF Wales & Ruk£kbad; *Hotel Glxtenberg, with garden, R., L., & A, 
 
 Baedekeb's Rhine. 12th Edit. 13
 
 1 94 Route 27. EMS. From CoUem 
 
 from 3, B. 1 Jf 20 pf., J). 3 Ji; *IIutel de Flandke, with the dependance 
 atadt AntiCKrpeii and a garden, li., L., & A. 2-4, E. 1, D. i'/z, pens. Q-% Ji 
 (upen in wiuter alsoJi Hutel de France, with tbe dependance Schweizer- 
 thal and a garden, open in winter also, similar prices; Bekmeb Hof 
 (open in winter also), R. i3/4-3V2, B. 1, D. 2, pens- 5-7'/2 Jf;. Hotel Royal, 
 R. 2-21/2, B. 1, pens. 5-() JU\ Hotel-Pension Sculoss Johannisbekg, well 
 spoken of. — Un the right bank (if the Lahn, second class, generally 
 open in winter also: Stadt Wiesbaoen, opposite the Waudelbahn, R. 
 from 11/2, B. I, U. 2, pons. o'/2-9 Jl ■■, *H6tel Bristol, opposite the Four 
 Towers, R, l'/2-3, B. 1, D. 2, pens. 4'/2-7 Jt\ Hoe von Holland, Goluenk 
 Tralbe, Lowe, similar charges j^Weilbukger Hof, Weisse.s Koss, both 
 good and woderatej Goueke, with good garden-restaurant, U. 21/4 USf; 
 "AIainau, plain, pens. 3'/2-G Jl--, SchOtzenuof, opposite ihe l<'our Towers, 
 R. from IV2, pens. 4-5 Ji- in the lower part of the town: 'Hamburger 
 Hof, open in winter also, l\. 11/2-3 Jl^ B. 80 pf., D. IV2, pens. 41/2-6 Ui( 5 
 Hotel-Pens. Soltan; Hotel-Pens, Sculoss Langenau, pens. 0-8 M. — 
 Rheinischer Hof (moderate), in the village of Ems. — *H6tel Hohen- 
 Malberg, on the top of the Malberg, reached from Ems by the Wire-rope 
 RaUway (p. 196) in i|4 hr,, R. from 2, B. IV4, D. 3, pens, from 5 Ji. 
 
 There are also numerous Lodging Houses and Private Hotels, most of 
 which also receive passing travellers. Some of them are very comfortably 
 fitted up. The more remote houses are of course the least expensive. 
 Breakfast and tea are provided at all of these, but dinner more rarely. 
 
 Restaurants and Cafes. Cttr/iaus, with table d'hote, and Cursaal, both 
 of the first class; Villa Beriot^ with a garden, on the left bank of the 
 Lahn; Cafi Anglais and Cafi Ziepert, both also confectioners; Cafi Ale- 
 mannia^ these three near the station ; also at all the hotels. Hohen- 
 Malberg Restaurant (p. 1('6). Schweizerhduschen , on the slope of the Mal- 
 berg (p. 196); Silherau^ at the end of the K(inig-Wilhelms-Allee ; Linden- 
 bach (p. 1'j6), IV4 Jil- from the Cursaal. !— Wine: Ooldenes Pass, opposite 
 Ihe Cursaiil; Old Oerman Wine-roon^ opposite the Four Towers. 
 
 Carriages with one mule 2 JH, with two 3 Ji per hour. A drive 
 within the precincts of the town 70 pf., after 9 p.m. I'/g Ji^; carriage with 
 one horse to Kloster Arnstein and back. 1072.^, with two horses 15 JK ; 
 to Coblenz 10 or 15, and back 12 or 18 Ui^; to Ehrenbreitstein 8 or 12, 
 and back 12 or 17»#; to Kemmenau and back 71/2 or i\.Jt\ to Nieder- 
 Lahnstein 6 or 9, there and back 8 or 12, Ober-Lahnstein 71/2 or 11, there 
 and back 9V2 or 14, to Nassau and back 6 or 10 .4f. — The drivers must 
 show their tariff when desired. 
 
 Donkeys or Mules_per hour IV2 Jt^ Horses 2V4 Jt\ to the Oberlahn- 
 stein Forsthaus direct land back, including a stay of 1 hr.) 2'/2U!f; to the 
 Sporkenburg 2^liM\ Kemmenauer H6he2V2.^; Mooshiitte 1 jU^ summit 
 of the same 2 Ulf ; by the new promenade to the Lindenbach l'/2 Jl. Horse 
 in each case about 1/2 M more. — All these charges include the return- 
 route. 
 
 Wire-rope Railway to the top of the Malberg, starting near the Kaiser- 
 P.riicke, in 8 min. (fare St), down 50 pf., return-ticket 1 Jt ^ subscription 
 for four weeks 5 Jl)\ trains at frequent intervals. 
 
 TariflFs. A tax of 10 jU is levied on each single patient after a stay of 
 5 dajs; for 2 pers. 15, for 3 pers. 20 Jl. — The charges for baths vary in the 
 diflerent houses from \ M io 3 M. — For drinking the waters at the 
 royal springs a ticket ('Brunnenkarte' ; 50 pf. per week) is necessary. 
 
 Music 7 to 8.30 a.m., the hours during which the waters are drunk; 
 4 to 5.30 p.m. in the public grounds; and 8 to 9.30 p.m. in the Cursaal. At 
 the latter theatrical performances and concerts are also given. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Office (PI. 9), on the right bank of the Lahn, 
 near the uppermo.^t bridge. 
 
 English Church Service in the English Church (PI. 1) on the left bank 
 at 8 a.m., 11 a.m. and 5.30 p.m. (communion at 8.30 a.m.). Chaplain, 
 A. W. Antenbring^ Villa Lichtenstein. 
 
 Ems (240 ft.) was known to the Romans , as the vases , coins, 
 etc.. found in the vicinity, prove, but is mentioned for the first
 
 1: 35,200 
 
 'lalnisteii 
 
 ooa: osuy id o ag
 
 Garbgnhatm^-'Vrolpertshsii
 
 to Wetzlar. EMS. 27. Route. 195 
 
 time as a warm bath in a document of IIT^. It is now visited an- 
 nually by 10-12,000 patients, besides 5000 tourists, while in 1823 
 the number was 1200 only. The height of the season is from the 
 middle of July to the end of August. From 1803 to 1866 it be- 
 longed to the Duchy of Nassau, and is now Prussian. It is a 
 curious fact , showing to what an extent Germany was formerly 
 subdivided, that from the bridge over the Lahn, which commands 
 but a limited view , the dominions of eight different independ- 
 ent princes could be seen. 
 
 The town (6730 inhab., ^/-j Rom. Cath.) is prettily situated on 
 both banks of the Lahn in a narrow valley , enclosed by wooded 
 and vine -clad rocky heights. It consists of a street of lodging- 
 houses on the right bank of the river, the original ^Bad Ems' ; of 
 a new quarter on the left bank, named ^Spiess-Em3\ with numerous 
 handsome villas at the base of the Malberg ; and of '■Dorf Ems', 
 or the old village, at the lower end of 'Bad Ems'. The Ei^glish 
 Church (services see p. 194) is on the left bank. The river is 
 spanned by four bridges. 
 
 The Cursaal, theCurhaus, and the Curgartbn adjoining them 
 form the great centre of attraction to visitors, the pleasure-grounds 
 of the latter being generally thronged with a fashionable crowd while 
 the band plays in the afternoon. 
 
 The Royal Curhaus (PI. 6) , erected at the end of last century, 
 and frequently enlarged since then, contains the most important 
 springs and about 60 baths, the best of which are on the tirst floor. 
 In the arcades, which were extended in 1854, are the springs used 
 for drinking : the Kesselbrunnen (125° Fahr.), in the upper arcade, 
 and the Krdhnchen (95-97°), the Fiirstenbrunnen (102-104°), and 
 the Kaiserquelle (81° ; the pleasantest to drink) in the lower. The 
 waters are chiefly drunk between 6 and 8 a.m. — The Konig-Wil- 
 h^'lms-Felsen-Quelle, the Augusta- Quelle, and the Victorid-Quelle, 
 three springs discovered in 1865-67, in the court of the Nassauerllof, 
 are used both internally and externally. The bath-house in connection 
 with them is joined by covered passages with the Vier Jahreszeiten 
 Hotel and the Europaischer Ilof. The bath-house Prince of Wales 
 ^' Eomerbad also possesses springs of its own. The chief ingredients 
 of the water, which is most beneficial in female and pulmonary 
 complaints, are bi-carbonate of soda and chloride of sodium. About 
 two million bottles are exported annually. 
 
 The Cnrsaal (PI. 7), situated in the Curgarten and erected in 
 1839, is connected with the Curhans by means of a tasteful iron 
 Colonnade , in which is a tempting bazaar. The Cursaal contains 
 several magnificent saloons, a reading-room, a restaurant, and a cafe', 
 which last , with its numerous tables in the gardens adjoining, 
 attracts crowds of after-dinner loungers. Music in the evening. 
 
 Near the pavilion of the band, at the upper end of the Cur- 
 garten, a marble slab in the ground indicates the spot, where, on 
 
 13*
 
 196 Route 27. EMS. From Coblenz 
 
 13th July, 1870, King William ordered his adjutant Count Lehn- 
 dorf to give his memorable answer to the importunate French am- 
 bassador Benedetti. A covered iron bridge connects this bank of the 
 Lahn with the new bath-house (see below). 
 
 In the shady grounds at the back of the Cursaal is the new 
 Wandelbahn, or covered promenade for the use of visitors in wet 
 weather. On the Lahn , at the lower end of the park, is the bath- 
 house of the Four Towers (V7er Thurme; PI. 12j, built at the be- 
 ginning of last century. Adjacent is the new Roman Catholic 
 Church (PI. 4). Between the last-mentioned buildings the Kaiser- 
 Brucke crosses the Lahn. 
 
 On the left bank of the Lahn, near the Gitter-Briicke and also 
 surrounded by pleasant grounds, is the New Bath House (iVewe 
 Badhaus ; PI. 8), erected in 1853, each of its courts being embellished 
 with fountains of mineral water worked by steam. The baths are 
 supplied from the copious Neue Quelle, or New Spring, which was 
 enclosed in 1850, the warmest (135-137") of all the waters of Ems. 
 — From this point the shady Kdnig-Wilhelms-AUee descends along 
 the bank of the river, passing the Russian Church (PI. 5) and the 
 Kaiser-BriJLcke {see above), to the «9ii6eraw (Restaurant, see p. 194), 
 where" the Lahn is crossed by the Remy's Brilcke, the lowest of the 
 four bridges of Ems. 
 
 Near the Kaiser-Briicke is the station of the Wire-rope Railway 
 (p. 194) to the top of the wooded Malberg (1090 ft.). Pedestrians 
 reach the top in 3/^ hr. by beautiful walks either on this (W.) side 
 or on the E. side, passing the English Church (PI. 1; p. 194) 
 and the Schweizerhduschen .(V\. 10 j p. 194) j the W. side is in the 
 shade in the morning, the E. side in the afternoon. At the top 
 are a view-tower and the IIohen-M(dberg Hotel (p. 194). The woods 
 around are traversed by delightful walks, provided with benches 
 and other resting-places. — We may return to Ems via the Lin- 
 denbach (Inn). 
 
 The nearer peak of the Winterberg (Restaurant), a hill on the 
 left bank to the E. of the Malbergskopf , ^/^ hr. from Ems, com- 
 mands a line view of the valley of the Lahn. On the summit is a 
 tower, built after a design on Trajan's Column, on the foundations 
 of an old Roman tower which formerly stood here. Tlie Pfahlgraben 
 (p. 218), which was provided at intervals with similar towers, is 
 still traceable on the right bank of the Lahn. 
 
 On the right bank of the Lahn, immediately above the high- 
 road , towers the abrupt Baderlei, or ^Sieben Kbpfe\ a jagged rock 
 of slate crowned with the Concordia Thurm (refreshments), a tower 
 built for the sake of the view. Halfway up is the Mooshi'Ute, a 
 pavilion commanding an admirable survey of Ems, below which is 
 a monument to the warriors of 1870-71. We reach the summit 
 in '^4 hr. by following the Grabenstrasse, above the Curhaus, and 
 then ascending by the broad path to tJie right.
 
 to Wetzlar. NASSAU. 27. Route. 197 
 
 The Kemmenauer Hohe , or Schone Aussicht , IV'2 hr. to the N. of 
 Kms, is one of the highest points to tlic N. of the Lahn , and commands 
 an extensive and interesting view of the valley of the Rhine, the Taunus, 
 and the Eifel Mts. 
 
 On the hill hetween Ems and Brauhach is situated the village of 
 Friicht, which contains the burial-vault of the famous Prussian minister 
 Baron Stein (d. 1831), the last scion of a noble family which had resided on 
 the banks of the Lahn for seven centuries (see below). The epitajih contains 
 a tribute to the upright and pious character of the deceased. The forester 
 at Friicht keeps the keys of the chapel {^/t-i^'-z Jf). — A direct i-oad leads 
 from Ems (■> Friicht (3 M.); or we may descend on the left bank of the 
 Lahn to Miellen ('2 M.) and ascend thence through the SchweizerUutl, a 
 valley with beautiful woods and picturesque rocks, to Friicht ('/z hr.); 
 the latter route is specially recommended in returning. 
 
 Other excursions may be made to the Oherlahnsteitier Forsthuus ^ the 
 Coblenzer Forsthaus, to Nassau^ etc. (see below). 
 
 Railway to Wktzlar. Leaving Ems, the train passes Dause- 
 nau (Zum Lahntlial), on the right bank, with an ancient octagonal 
 tower, and still surrounded by old walls. The church (restored) 
 dates from the 13th , its vestibule from the 15th (jentury. Near 
 Nassau we cross the Lahn. 
 
 151/2 M. (from Coblonz) Nassau. Hotels. *Mullkk, at the sta- 
 tion, rT & B. 21/2, I). l^A, ]>on^. with R. 41/2 Jf-, Hotel Nassau, on 
 the left bank of the Lahn, similar charges; 1'ension Villa Beilstein, 
 board 3 Jl, R. extra; Kilt-'s Piuvate Hotel. 
 
 Hydropathic and Pine-Bath Esiallis/iincnl, to the W., on the road to 
 Ems, 'pens', with medical advice 5V_' J^i IJ. 1-5 Jl per day extra. 
 
 Donkey from (he suspension -bridge to Burg Stein 70 pf., to Burg 
 Nassau 11)2 Jf. 
 
 iVa^saw (265 ft.), an ancient little town (1700inhab.), believed to 
 have existed as early as 790 under the name of Nasonga, is prettily 
 situated on the right bank of the Lahn (which is here crossed by a 
 suspension bridge), and is much frequented by summer visitors. It 
 was the birthplace of the celebrated Prussian minister Baron Stein 
 (d. 1831 ; see below), whose family had resided here since the 13th 
 century. Ris Schloss, though modernised, dates from 1G21, and now 
 belongs to his grand-daughter the Countess Kielmannsegge. In 1815 
 Stein caused a Gothic tower to be added to commemorate the war of 
 independence. This was a favourite resort of the illustrious proprie- 
 tor, who embellished it with various reminiscences of that eventful 
 period. Others connected with the last war have been added. (Ad- 
 mission on Mon., Wed., & Frid., 9-11 & 2-6; visitors deposit a 
 donation for a charitable purpose in a box at the entrance.) The 
 Schlosspark is open to the public daily, except Sundays and festi- 
 vals, 8-12 a.m. aiid 2-7 p.m. 
 
 On the opposite bank of the Lahn rises a wooded eminence 
 (ascended from the station in 25 min.), crowned by the ruined 
 Castle of Nassau, erected in 1101 by Dudo IV., Count of Lauren- 
 burg (p. 198), whose descendants henceforth assumed the name of 
 Nassau; it has been suffered to fall to decay since the end of the 
 16th century. Lower down on the same hill are the ruins of Burg 
 Stein (1/2 -^I» froni the suspension-bridge), the ancestral seat of the
 
 198 Route 27, ARNSTEIN. From Coblenz 
 
 Barous Stein, the earliest mention of which is in 1158, and wliicli 
 was inhabited down to tlie end of the 17tli century. The projecting 
 rook in front of it bears a Monument to Stein , consisting of a 
 statue in marble one-half over life-size, by Pfuhl of Berlin, beneath 
 a Gothic canopy of red sandstone, Gl ft. in height, inaugurated in 
 1872. The figure of the minister, who wears the costume of his 
 age, successfully expresses his personal character. In liis right hand 
 he holds a scroll with the date 11th June, 1807, in allusion to his 
 memorial regarding the reorganisation of the Prussian state. The 
 terrace affords a survey of the valleys of the Lahn and Miihlbach. 
 
 Tlie rocks of the Hohe Lei, reached from Nassau in 3/4 hr. (donkey 
 2V2 »4fj, command a beautiful view, including the monastery of Arnstein. 
 
 Beyond Nassau the railway follows the right bank of the Lahn, 
 and is soon carried through a series of tunnels, liefore and beyond 
 tlie second , a glimpse is obtained on the right of Burg Langenau 
 (3 M. from Nassau, 1 M. from Obernhof), built in 1244, the ancient 
 seat of an Austrian family, the Rhenish branch of which became 
 extinct in 1603. The watch-tower and external walls are well pre- 
 served ; within the latter a modern dwelling-house has been erected. 
 Beyond the castle, on the opposite bank, rises the Kloster Arnstein 
 (from Nassau a pleasant walk of 4 M. on the left bank; from 
 Obernhof see below; refreshments at the Klostermiihle) , with its 
 church in the Transition style of the 12th cent, (enlarged in 1359, 
 restored in 1885), and other buildings , picturesquely situated on 
 a wooded eminence. A castle of very ancient origin which once 
 stood here was converted by the last Count of Arnstein or Arnold- 
 stein into a Premonstratensian monastery in 1208 (suppressed in 
 1803). It is most easily visited from Obernhof (see below). On 
 leaving the station we turn to the right, and after 300 paces follow 
 the path to the left, indicated by a finger-post, to (2/4 M.) Arn- 
 stein. A picturesque path leads hence to (41/2 M.) Nassan , via 
 Hollrich and Berg-Nassau. 
 
 Near (18 M.) Obernhof (Bin gel, nnpretending; Lotz) are lead 
 and silver-mines, the working of which has lately been resumed. 
 The station is on the left bank and the village on the right bank 
 of the Lahn. A fine point of view in the vicinity (reached in 20min., 
 by an easy but shadeless path) is known as the Goethepunkt, from 
 a visit made to it by Goethe in 1814. 
 
 The line now passes through a long tunnel, and skirts the village 
 of Knlkofen. Then a long curve. High up, on the slope of the left 
 bank, is situated the ^Alte Haus\ a solitary fragment of wall belong- 
 ing to the old nunnery of Brunnenburg . 
 
 241/2 M. Laurenburg (Hotel Laurenburg), with silver-smelting 
 works, a small chateau, and the ruins of the ancestral residence of 
 the Counts of Nassau, who were originally Counts of Laurenburg 
 (comp. p. 197) ; this castle is first mentioned in 1093 and was already 
 a ruin in 1643.
 
 to Wetzlar. LTMBURG. 27. Route. 199 
 
 Beyond the Crambery Tunnel the train stops at (28 M.) Balduln- 
 stein (Noll); the imposing ruins of the castle of that name on tl>e 
 right, built in 1319, rise in a narrow ravine behind the village. 
 A good road (carriages at the station) leads through the village in 
 3'4 hr. to the castle of Schaumburg; walkers ascend the steep foot- 
 path in about 25 minutes. 
 
 On the right, a little farther on, the loftily-situated castle of 
 SchaumbTirg (915 ft.) overlooks the valley from a wooded basaltic 
 peak. It was once the seat of the princes of Anhalt-Schaumburg, 
 at a later period that of Archduke Stephen of Austria (d. 1860), 
 and is now the property of Prince George Victor of Waldeck. The 
 castle was built before 1194, but the oldest parts of the present 
 building date from the 18th cent. ; the modern part, in the English- 
 Gothic style , was erected for Archduke Stephen by the architect 
 Boos of "Wiesbaden. The rooms are empty. Picturesque view from 
 the tower. Fine park. At the foot of the castle is a good Inn (with 
 pension), with a picturesque garden. — "We descend at first through 
 wood, and then through the village of Birlenbach to (3 M.) Dietz. 
 
 29 M. Fachingen (Anker) derives importance from its mineral 
 spring, of which 90,000 bottles are annually exported. 
 
 30 xM. Dietz (335 ft. *nollandischer Hof ; * Hotel Beck, pens, 
 at both from 3V-2 .//I , a thriving little town with 4200 inhab., 
 picturesquely situated on the hillside , close to the Lahn, is com- 
 manded by the Peterskirche , built in the 13th cent., and by an 
 old Castle of the Counts of Dietz and Nassau , now a house of 
 correction, where marble is cut and polished by the prisoners. The 
 old Bridge across the Lahn is supported by buttresses erected on 
 two others belonging to an earlier "bridge (destroyed in 1552) which 
 lie unbroken in the bed of the river. 
 
 On the left bank , 1 M. from Dietz , and connected with it by a 
 beautiful avenue of limes, is Schloss Oranienstein, erected in 1676, 
 now a Prussian military school. The Hain (Restaurant), at the top 
 of the promenade, 1 M. from the station, commands a fine view. 
 
 FROJt Dietz to Zollhaus, 7 31.. railway in i/.j hr. (fares 90, 70, 40 pf.). 
 The line ascends the prettv vallev of the Aar, which falls into the Lahn 
 at Dietz. To the left, near f2V2"M.) Flacht, stands the ruin of Ardeck. 
 ?^l>^\.Oherneisen; 0V2M. Hahnstdtten (TS^assauerHof); 7M. Zollhaus. Pleasant 
 excursions may be made from the last two to the ruined castles of 
 Jlohlenfels and Bi/rg ScJiicalbocfi. — From Zollaus, a road descends the 
 Aar valley via Miche'harh and pa^^t the ruins of IIi)henstein (p. 134) to 
 (liBI.. diligence daily in 2^/4 hrs ) Schtcalbnch (p. 133). 
 
 32 M. Limburg (360 ft. ; *PreussischerHof; *Nassauer Hof, 
 good wine at both; '^'Alte Post, all about ^/^M. from the station; 
 beer at the Actienbrauerei, on the "Wiesbaden road), an old town with 
 6800 inhab., a place of some Importance in the middle ages, and now 
 the seat of a Roman Catholic bishop, with many picturesque old 
 houses, is situated on the Lahn, which is crossed here by a bridge 
 constructed in 1315. The *Cathedral, with its seven towers, the 
 'Basilica St. Georgii Martyris ererta 909' , as the inscription above
 
 200 Route 27. WEILBURG. From Cohlem 
 
 the portal records, rises conspicuously above the river, from tlie 
 right bank of which the best view of it is obtained. It was founded 
 by Conrad Kiirzbold, the powerful Salic count of the Niederlahngau, 
 whose Castle adjoins the church. The present structure, a remar- 
 kably fine example of the Transition style, consecrated in 1235, was 
 skilfully restored in 1872-78. It contains a font of the 13th cent., 
 and a monument false 13th cent) to the founder (d. 948), with a 
 recumbent figure, in front of the high-altar. The old paintings were 
 renewed by Wittkopf . The valuable treasury of the cathedral, pre- 
 served in the parish-church, next door to the bishop's residence, is 
 shewn only on Wed. 11-12 and 3-6 (1-5 pers. 3 J^ ; apply to the 
 vicar). — Near the station is a new Protestant Church in the Gothic 
 style. A Gothic Fountain commemorates tbe war of 1870-71. 
 
 A small Steamboat plies between Limburg and Dehrn (see below), 
 affording a fine view of Limburg cathedral and of the church of Diet- 
 kirchen (see below). 
 
 Fkom Limbdkg to Au, 54^/2 M., railway in 4 hrs. This 'line traverses 
 a fertile but somewhat uninteresting district. — IGVzM.Montabaur (*Schlem- 
 mer), a district-town wilh 3400 inhab., on the site of an ancient villaue 
 refounded by the archbishop of Treves and named 3fons Tabor. — 21'/2 M. 
 Siershahn, the junction of the line to Engers (p. 75). Thence to (46V2M.) 
 AUcnkircTien ., the .iunction of the line mentioned below, see p. 75. — 
 53 M. Au, see p. 58. 
 
 Fkom Limbckg to Altenkikchen, 40 M.. railway in 3 hrs. — 6V2 M. 
 Hadamar (420 ft. ; '^Nassaver Eof; Ross), a pleasant little town with an old 
 castle. 311/2 M. Hachenburg, see p. 76. — 40 M. Altenkirchen, see p. 75. 
 
 From Limhurg to ^Viesbaden, Bodist, and Frankfort, see R. 29 d. 
 
 The banks of the Lahn now become flatter. To the left lies 
 Dietkirchen, with the oldest church in the country, built before 801, 
 on a rocky hill rising abruptly from the river. IV4 M. farther up 
 on the Lahn are the village and old castle of Dehrn (steamboat from 
 Limburg, see above). — 34'/2 M. Eschhofen. 
 
 36I/2 M. Runkel (370 ft.; Zur Lahnbahn, plain), an ancient 
 town with 1100 inhab., situated on both banks of the Lahn, com- 
 manded by an extensive old castle of the Princes of Wied, dating 
 from about 1159. perched on a rocky height, and now occupied by 
 the local authorities. On the hill opposite lies the village of 
 Schadeck , with an old castle (10 min. from the station; pretty 
 view). — Near (3872 M.) Villmar (Bastmg) are considerable marble- 
 quarries ; then (43 M.) Aumenau , with ironstone-mines and slate- 
 quarries. Near the latter rises the ruined castle of Grdveneck. After 
 a succession of tunnels, bridges, and viaducts, the train reaches — 
 
 50 M. Weilburg (*Deutsches Haus ; Naussauer Hof, Traube, 
 Bohm , in the valley opposite the castle, all moderate), a small 
 town with 3700 inhab. , the residence of the Dukes of Nassau- 
 Weilburg down to 1816. Their chateau, built in the 16th cent, and 
 enlarged in 1721, pictur esquely situated on a rocky eminence, is 
 occupied by the district authorities. The Stadikirche , near the 
 chateau, built in 1707-11, contains the family vault of the ducal 
 family.
 
 to Wetzlar. WETZLAR. 27. Route. 201 
 
 To the S. is the entrance to the prettv Weilthal. up which a railway 
 runs viti {2^h'^l.) Fre'enf.ld. (iU.) Essertshaiiseti, tiui\ (5^-2^1.) Ernsthmsen, 
 to (G'/2 31.) WeilmilnsUr. From Freienfeld, with a ruined castle, a pleasant 
 walk (^hrs.) may he made past the deer-park of Prince Solms, to 
 Philippsfein ., with picturesque ruins of a caatle, and Braunfels. — 3 M. 
 to the N.W. of Weilburg on a steep basaltic hill rises the ruin of 
 Merenberg. 
 
 The wealth of the district consists in the presence of red iron- 
 stone, yieldine 45-r)0 per cent of pure metal, between the layers of 
 slate. Ahont 200,000 tons of ore are mined in the Weilburg district 
 yearly, in procurin* which upwards of 2000 miners are engaged. 
 
 52 M. Lbhnberg ; 56 M. Stockhausen ; 58 M. Braunfels. In the 
 neighbourhood are several iron mines. 
 
 On a hill 2V2 M. to the S. of the station of Braunfels (diligence 5 times 
 daily in 3/4 hr.) is the small town (1700 inhah.) of Braunfels (985 ft 
 ~ Schloss- Hotel , with baths and a terrace; Solmser Ho/; Hdtel Scyh). the 
 residence of the Prince of Solms-Braunfels, whose extensive Schloss, dating 
 in part from the late-Gothic period, contains interesting old armour and 
 other curiosities. Pleasant grounds. 
 
 From (61 M.") Albshausen (Deutscher Kaiserl we may walk in 
 1/2 hr. to the suppressed Premonstratensian abbey of Altenbenj, 
 with it5 fine early-Gothic Church (end of 13th cent.). 
 
 64 M. Wetzlar (475 ft.; *Herzogliches Haus, in the town, R. &B. 
 2^ 2i ^- 2 .y/; *U6tel Kdltwasser, near the station; OrtenbaclCs 
 liestaurant, wine), with SlOOinhab., once a free imperial town, is 
 picturesquely situate<l on the Lahn opposite the mouth of the Dill, 
 •Y4M. from the station. The town extends alonjr a height on the loft 
 bank. The most conspicuous buikling is the Cathedral, the oldest part 
 of which (N.W.), called the Heidenthurm by the townspeople, dates 
 from the 11th cent., while the N. side, the finest part, was erected 
 in the 14th and 15th, and the portals in the 15th and 16th centuries. 
 The terrace planted with limes is adorned, on the S. side, with a 
 monument to soldiers who fell in the Franco-Prussian war, byLehr, 
 To the S. of the cathedral, in the Buttermarkt, which is embellished 
 with a bust of Goethe by Lehr , rises the Guard-house, built of red 
 sandstone. The Reichskammergericht (courts of justice)^ with the 
 imperial eagle , is opposite the Herzogliches Haus. The building 
 of the Archives, near the Hauser Thor, finished in 1806, contains 
 Prussian state papers. 
 
 About 1/2 M. to the S.W. of Wetzlar rises the ruined castle of 
 .Kalsmunt, which is said to be built on Roman foundations. At the 
 foot of the hill is the Schiitzengarten (keys of castle at Wald- 
 schmidt's, Schiller-Platz; 10 pf.). 
 
 Goethe resided at Wetzlar for some months in 1772, when he 
 was engaged in professional work at the Reichskammergericht, and 
 is said to have occupied a house , indicated by a marble tablet, in 
 the narrow Gewandgasse , near the corn-market. Various events 
 here and in the environs suggested his 'Sorrows of Werther'. 
 
 The originrl of Werther was a certain Herr .Jerusalem , secretary to 
 the embassy, who shot himself in a house (with two bow-windows) in
 
 202 Route 28. FRANKFORT. Hotels. 
 
 the Schiller-Platz, near the Franciscan church. The Deutsches Haus, or 
 Lodge of the Teutonic Order (reached by the street to the left of the new 
 guard-house, opposite the S. transept of the cathedral) was the residence of 
 Charlotte's fiithcr, named Buff, the manager of the estates of the Order, 
 and still contains a room with a few memorials of her. The house is 
 distinguished by an inscription ; apply for admission to the custodiin, who 
 lives behind the cathedral. Out^iide the Wildbacher Thor is the 'Werther 
 lirunnen'', .shaded by a venerable lime-tree, a favourite resort of r?oethe, 
 by whom the pretty environs of Wetzlar have been highly extolled. A 
 broad road ascends on the left bank of the Lahn to (IV2 M.) Oarbenfieim, 
 the Wahlheim of Werther, situated on a hill commanding a pleasant view 
 of the valley. Most of the old houses in the 'Werther-Plat// in front of 
 the church were burned down in 1866. A monument here marks a 
 favourite seat of the poet. The traveller may return by the Garbenheim 
 watch-tower, commanding a fine view. On the slope of a hill, 3 M. from 
 Wetzlar, lies the pleasant village of Volpertshausen., in a house in which 
 (now a school) the ball described in Werther took place. 
 
 From Wetzlar to Deutz or Giessen, see R. 8 ; to LoUar, Cassel, 
 and Berlin, see Baedeker's Northern Germany. 
 
 28. Frankfort. 
 
 Railway Stations. The Ckntral Station (PI. B, 4, 5), a large and 
 handsome building completed in 1888, with a good restaurant (moderate 
 charges), lies on the W. side of the town. On the E. side of the town is the 
 Ost-Bahxhof (PI. H, 3) for trains to Hanau, AschafFcnburtr, and Bavaria, 
 which join the Central Station trains at Hanau. The Bkhka Station 
 (PI. E, l\ 6), in Sachsenhausen, is the first stopping-place for the trains 
 to Hanau, Fulda, Bebra, etc. The Offenbach Station (PI. F, G, 5) serves 
 the local trains to Offenbach. — The hotels do not send omnibuses to 
 meet the trains. 
 
 Hotels. *Fkankfdetek HoF (PI. a; D, 4), a large establishment in the 
 Kaiser-Str., E., L., & A., on the first floor 4-81/2, on the second 3'/-2-7i/2, 
 on the third 3-6V2, on the fourth 3-3V2 ^/, sitting-rooms and double-bedded 
 rooms considerably dearer, B. 1 Jl 40 pf., table d'hote at 1 p.m. 4 Jf, 
 T>. a part 5-6 Jf, other items discharged as incurred, 'pens', in winter 
 from 10 Jf\ post, telegraph, and railway-offices on the premises. 'Eng- 
 1.1.SII Hotel a^l. c; D, 3), Rossmarkt, with lift. R., L,. & A. A, B. i J( 40, 
 
 D. 1 o'cl. 4, from 5 to 8 o'cl. 5 Jf; *Scjiwan (PI. d; D, 3), at which the 
 peace of 10th May. 1871. was concluded, Steinweg, with lift, R.. L., & A. 
 from 372, B, 1 J( 20 pf., D. at 1 p.m. 4 Jf, from 5 to 8 o'cl. 51/2 Jl \ also 
 'pension'. — *H6tel de l'Union (PI. f ; D, 3). Steinweg, R., L., & A. from 
 21 2. B. 1.20, 'D.SJf; Westenddalle (PI. e: C, 4), Taunns-Promenade, B., 
 L.,'& A. 21/2-41/2, D. 3 Jf'^ *H6tel Drexel (PI. i ; F, 3). Grosse Fried- 
 berger Strasse, commercial. Near the station : Hotel Continental, oppo- 
 site the S entrance; ■Bkitannia, Gutleut-Str. JOl (with lift); Deutschek 
 Kaisek, Wiesenhiitten-Platz 37. — Macobi, Stift-Str. 6, B., L., & A. 2-2i/2, 
 T>. 2'/2 »//, good cuisine; Pariser Hof, Schiller-Platz; Landsberg (PI, h; 
 
 E, 3), Liebfrauonbore, R., L., <fc A. 2V2, B. i Ji \ Central Hotel, Beth- 
 mann-Str. 12 (PI. D, 4); -Hotel Krnst in the Gallus-Anlagc (PI. C, 4), R. 
 from 2, B. 1 j'/; *Hotel de Hollandk, Grosse Hirschgraben 2 (PI. D, 4), 
 quiet and unpretending, R. & B. 2 Jf 80 pf. ; Wurttembergek Hof (PI. n ; 
 E, 3, 4), Fahrgasse 41, R., L., cfe A. 2, B. 1, H. 2 Jf ; •Augsburger Hof, 
 Vogelgesanggasse, unpretending. — Hotel Garni zum ErlangerHof, Born- 
 gasse 11. unpretending. 
 
 Pensions. Mrs. Emerson, Hermann-Str. 32; Frau Niederheitmann , Ketten- 
 hofweg83; Frau Wi(.<:thoff-Vor.<ter, Linden-Str. 17; Frau Val e7i t in, Wohler- 
 Str. 18; Frau Schiet. Stuufen-Str. 31; Frciulein Kees, Park-Str. 4; Frau 
 S'ciner., Ostliche Fricdrich-Str. 26; Frau Weissenborn. Linden-Str. 32, for 
 ladies only. — Furni-hcd Apartments: Fran Sfreng, Trutz 49. 
 
 Restaurants. Cofd Casino, oppo.site the Frankfurter Hof , 1st class; 
 Bierbauer, Grosse Gallus-Str. 5; Jacobi (see above); Zur Oper, near the

 
 
 „Z^^ 

 
 Tramicays. FRANKFORT. 'J8. Route. 203 
 
 Opera H"usc : Milaiii, Zeil 7'2; at the Palm Garden, and the Zoological 
 Garden (p 211)-, 'Hartmxun , Neue Mainzer-Sfr. 58. with garden. — Beer. 
 Kaittrgartm, Opcrn-Platz 2 a; Kaiser/iof, Goethe-Platz 5; iliinchner Hof- 
 6r(>«, Schiller- Platv; 4, good cuisine; Palais-Restanranf, in the former Hessian 
 Palace, Zeil 4G, with paintings by Liithy; Stadt Ulm., Schafergasse 9; Pilsner 
 Bierhalle. Biberga=5se, etc. — Wine. P/)iL J. Bohm f'Znm Slift'), Grosse 
 Fischergasse 7, near the Cathedral ; Val. liohm, Grosse Kornmarkt 10, with 
 'old-German'' drinldng-room on the upper floor; *'Falstaff, Theater-Platz 7 ; 
 Frinz von Arkadien , Grosse Bockenheimer-Str. 9 (D. I'/j J4f); ,'^chmiiz., 
 Grosse Bockenhcimer-Sfr. 15; Baner, Kaiserhof-Str. ; Continental Bodega, 
 Schiller-Platz 2, Central Bodega, Rossinarkt 8 (at both Spanish <fe Portuguese 
 wines, American iced drinks); Memer''s Gr,ek- Wine-Room, Opern-Platz 2a. 
 
 Cafes. Ca/d Bauer, Schiller-Str. 2; Franlfort, Schiller-Plntz ; Brandl, 
 Bibergasse 10; Milani , Zeil 72; Cursaal . in the Promenade? near the 
 Friedberg Gate. — Confectioners. A. Biitschlv, Goethe-Platz. ices; /'. R, 
 Biitschly, Kaiser-Str. 23; Kiefer, Schiller -Platz ; H. Kurtz, Steinweg 4 
 ('Frankfurter Brenten'). 
 
 Post and Telegraph Office (PI. E, 3), Zeil 52; also [several branch- 
 offices. 
 
 Cabs. Each vehicle ought to contain a copy of the tariff. From any of 
 the stations into the town, 1-2 pers. 80 pf., 3-4 pers. 1 Jl 20 pf. ; drive within 
 the town, 60 pf. or 80 pf. ; returning from the Palm Garden or Zoological 
 Garden after 9 pm., 80 pf. or 1 Jl. Each box 20 pf. small articles free. 
 B>i time: V* hr. 50 or 70 pf., 20 min. 80 pf.. or 1 Jl, 30 min. 1 U(? or 1J( 
 20 pf., 1 hr. 1 Jf 80pf. or 2 jH. Double fare from 11 p.m. to 6 a.m. 
 
 Tram-way from Bockenheim past the Palm Garden and along the Zeil 
 to the Zoological Garden and the Ost-Bahnhof, with branch-lines to the 
 Central Station, Sachsenhausen, Kordend. Bornheim, and Rodelheim. Comp. 
 the Plan. — Steam Tramway to Eschersheim and Ifeddernheim , 2) trains 
 daily in 21 min. (comp. PI. 1), 8, 1). — Electric Hallway from Saclifen- 
 hausen to Offenhich, starting from the old Main bridge and stopping at 
 Oberrad, every 20 min. (fares 20, 15, 10 pf.). — Waldbahn ('Forest line') 
 from Sachsenhausen (Untermainbriicke, PL D, 5, and Offenbach Station, 
 PI. F, 5) in three directions to Neu- 1 senburg ^ Niederrad, and Bchwanheim. 
 
 Baths. Warm at Greh\<, Leonhardsthor (PI. E, 4), and at AIC$, Altc 
 Mainzer Gasse (PI. D, 4) /?a/As (Turkish, etc.) at Sachsenhausen, Schau- 
 main-Kai 41. River Bnt/is in the Main (PI. F, G, 4 and C, D, 5). 
 
 Theatres. Opera House (PI. C, 2, 3; p. 211) and Town Theatre (PI. 1), 3; 
 p. 205), both the property of the town, performances on alternate days. 
 
 Concerts given by the Museums-G esellschaft in the Saalbau every Frid. 
 evening in winter, altemntcly orchestr.il (6.30 p.m.) and chamber music 
 (7 p.m.). Tickets to be obtained of the custodian. 
 
 Permanent Exhibitions of Art at the Knnstrerein (PI. D, 3), daily 
 9-(i, 1 Jl: Bangefs Picture Saloon, Neue Jlain/er-Str. 66. — Art-industrial 
 exhibition of the Mitteldeutscher Knnstgetct'rhe- Verein at the building of 
 the Polytechnic Society, ^^eue Mainzer Str. (PI. C, 3), daily 10-5. 50 Pf. 
 Sun. 10-l'/'2i free). — Fanorama (Battle of Weisscnburg, by" Prof. Braun), 
 daily 9-5, 2 Jl. Sun. 1/2-I Jl (see p. 211). 
 
 British Consul: C. Oppenheimer. Esq., Consul General, Bockenheimer 
 Landstrasse S. B Goldbeck, Esq., Consul. — United States Consul: Frank II. 
 Mason, Es'j., Consul General, Isiedenau 78; A. S. Hogue, Esq., Vice and 
 Deputy Conml General. 
 
 English Church Service in the French Church, Goethe-Platz 7, at 11.15 
 a.m. and 3 3) p.m.; Chaplain, Rev. G. W. Mackenzie, Korner-Str. 13. 
 
 Chief Attractions (one day). In the morning the Rossmarkt and Goethe- 
 Platz and the monuments there, the I'omer (p. 205: fee), Cathedral (p. 207); 
 and old bridge over the Main; after 11 a. m. the Stadel Institution (p. 211), 
 and in the evening the Palm Garden (visiting the opera-house on the way) 
 or the Zoological Garden. 
 
 Frankfort on the Main (300 ft.^, with 179,800 Inhab. (including 
 18,000 Jews and a garrison of 1800 soldiers), formerly a free town 
 of the Empire, and down to 1866 one of the free^tovvns of the Ger-
 
 204 Route ^28. FRANKFORT. flistory. 
 
 nicau Confederation and the seat of the Diet, now bekings to Prussia. 
 Four old watcli-towers indicate its ancient extent. The city lies in 
 a spacious plain bounded by mountains, on the right bank of the 
 navigable Main. On the left bank of the river lies Sachsenhausen^ 
 a suburb connected with Frankfort by four stone bridges, and by 
 an iron suspension-bridge. In a commercial and particularly a finan- 
 cial point of view , Frankfort is one of the most important cities in 
 Germany. The old part of the town consists of narrow and unattractive 
 streets, but the Zeil, the Neue Mainzer-8tr., Kaiser-Str., Friedcn- 
 8tr., etc., boast of many handsome modern buildings. The town 
 is surrounded by 'Anlagen\ or public grounds, where many taste- 
 fully-built residences are situated. The air of wealth and impor- 
 tance which pervades the city affords an indication of the success 
 and extent of its commercial relations. 
 
 Frankfort, in tde 1st cent. A. D. a small Roman military station, ia first 
 mentioned in TJ3 as the seat of the royal residence CPfalz') of '■Fran- 
 conofurd' (ford of the Franks), and in 794 Charlemagne held a con- 
 vocation of bishops and dignitaries of the empire here. After the 
 erection of a new palace (comp. p. 207) by Louis the Pious in 822 
 the town so(m reached such a high degree of prosperity that at the 
 time of the death of Louis the German (876) it was already looked 
 upon as the capital of the East Franconian Empire. Under this mo- 
 narch, who frequently resided here, the city was considerably en- 
 larged. During the reign of Lewis the Bavarian, who conferred many 
 privileges on the town, Frankfort was again much extended and almost 
 reached the present limits of the inner city. One of the most important 
 of the privileges which it received was the confirmation of the Easter 
 Fair in 1330; the Autumn Fair had been sanctioned by Frederick II. as 
 early as 1240. To these fairs the town owed the importance it enjoyed 
 during the 16th and ITth cent, as a centre of domestic and foreign trade. 
 From the time of Frederick Barbarossa (1152) onwards most of the Ger- 
 man emperors were chosen at Frankfort, and in 1356 it was recognised 
 by the Golden Bull of Charles IV. (p. 208) as the permanent seat of the 
 elections. On the dissolution of the Empire in 1806, Frankfort was made 
 over to Carl von Dalberg, Primate of the Rhenish Confederation (previously 
 Archbishop of Mayence). and in 1810 it became the capital of the grand- 
 duchy <if Frankfort, which included AschafTenburg , Hanau , Fulda, and 
 Wetzlar. From 1815 to 1866 it was one of the four free cities of the Ger- 
 man Confederation, and in 1866 it was taken by the Prussians. 
 
 The erection of the new Central Railway Station (PI. B, 4, 5), 
 a large and^ handsome building by Eggert and Frantz (^1883-88), 
 and the removal of the Western Stations outside theTaunus-Thor, 
 have completely changed the appearance of the S.W. part of the 
 town. The principal approach to the inner town from this side is 
 formed by the Kaiser Strasse (PI. B, C, D, 4), whith important new 
 buildings. In the Kaiserplatz is a tasteful fountain. The street leads 
 directly to the Rossmarkt (PI. D, 3), in the W. half of wich 
 rises the Monument of Gutenberg, erected in 1858, a fine 
 group on a large sandstone pedestal, designed by Ed. v. d. Launitz. 
 The central figure with the types in the left hand is Gutenberg, on 
 his right Fust, on his left Schoffer. On the frieze are portrait-heads 
 of fourteen celebrated printers, with Caxton among them. In the 
 four niches beneath are the arms of the four towns where printing
 
 QoeiWs House. FRANKFORT. 25. Route. 205 
 
 was first practised, Mayeuce, Frankfort, Venice, and Strassburg. 
 Round the base are figures representing Tlieology, Poetry, Natural 
 Science, and Industry. Among the handsome new buildings in 
 this Platz and the adjacent streets may be mentioned the sumptuous 
 office of the Germania ly Kaiser & Rossbach of Berlin, and Pr est eVs 
 Art-shop, with a painted fa^arle by Griitz, on the N. and S. sides of 
 the Kossmarkt; in the Junghof-Str., to the W. of the Gutenberg 
 Monument, No. 11 the Deutsche Vereinsbank, by Haenle ; Nos. 19, 
 20 the Saalbau. by H. Burnitz of Frankfort, for concerts and balls; 
 farther on (right) the Eeichsbank and the Frankfort Bank, and (left) 
 the Bank of Commerce and Manufactures. 
 
 To the S. of the Rossmarkt, Grosser Hirschgraben 23, is the house 
 in which Goethe was born (PL D, 4; adm. 1 Jf, daily, 9-6, except 
 Sun. afternoon), with an inscription recording that event (28th Au- 
 gust, 1749). The house was purchased by the 'Deutsche HochstifV 
 in 18G3, and has been restored to the coudition in which it was after 
 the alterations mentioned by the poet as having taken place in 
 1755. It contains several busts and portraits of Goethe and various 
 reminiscences of him and his family. 
 
 The Goethe-Platz (PI. D, 3), which adjoins the Rossmarkt on 
 the N., is embellished with Schwanthaler's Monument of Goethe, 
 erected in 1844, twelve years after the poet's death. The reliefs on 
 the pedestal in front are allegorical; on the sides are figures from 
 Goethe's poems. — On the left is the French Reformed Church 
 (French service on Sun. at 9.30, English at 11.15 a.m. and 3.30 
 p.m.). — Farther on, in the Theater-Platz (Pl. D, 3), rises the 
 Theatre, erected in 1782. Behind the theatre stands the Neue 
 Borse, or Exchange, built by Burnitz & Sommer, with a handsome 
 Renaissance hall (business- hours 12-2). The N.E. and W. gal- 
 leries contain a Commercial Museum (9-1.30 ; 50 pf.). 
 
 Adjoining the Rossmarkt on the N.E. side is the Schlller- 
 Platz (PI. D, 3), with the Hauptwache or guard-house, and a Sta- 
 tue of Schiller in bronze, from a model by Dielmann (1863). To 
 the right rises the Katharinenkirche (PI. D, E, 3), built in 1680, 
 with numerous tombs, paintings along the galleries, and modern 
 stained-glass windows from designs by Steinle and Linnemann. 
 
 We now enter the Zeil (PI. E, F, 3), a broad and handsome 
 street, the busiest in Frankfort, consisting chiefly of attractive shops. 
 
 The Liebfrauen-Strasse, the first cross-street on the right, leads 
 across the Liebfrauenberg towards the Romerberg. The Roman 
 Catholic Liebfrauenkirche (PI. E, 3) contains several old tombstones. 
 The Liebfrauen-Str. is continued by the Neue Kriime. On the right 
 is the Old Exchange and the Church of St. Paul (PI. E, 4) , a ro- 
 tunda built in 1833, where the German Parliament of 1848-49 held 
 its meetings (bell for the sacristan to the right of the gate). 
 
 The*E6mer (PI. E,4), the town-hall of the former free imperial 
 city, and the most interesting edifice at Frankfort in a historical
 
 206 Route 28. FRANKFORT. lidmer. 
 
 point of view, is a late-Gothic structure, erected in 1405-13, and 
 afterwards frequently altered. The principal facade, with its three 
 lofty gables andbroad pointed doorways, looks towards the Romerberg ; 
 it was formerly adorned with frescoes and gilded eagles. The five 
 windows in the centre belong to the Kaisersaal. The back of the build- 
 ing, in the Pauls-Platz, dates from 1G02 and 1731. 
 
 Pviitering the arcades of the ground-lloor from the Romerberg, we 
 ascend a handsome stair to the right, built in 1740 (painting recently 
 restored), to the first floor, on which is situated the — 
 
 *Kaisersaal (adm. free from the beginning of May till the end of Sept. 
 on Mon., Wed., Frid. 11-1, and from Oct. till the end of April on Mon. 
 and Wed.; at other times fee, 50 pf. to 1 Jf for one or more persons; 
 visitors ring), where the new emperor dined with the electors and show- 
 ed himself from the balcony to the people assembled on the Romerberg. 
 The hall, which is covered with tunnel-vaulting in wood, was restored 
 in 1843 and embellished with Porti-ails of the Emperors^ presented by Ger- 
 man princes, art-associations, and private individuals. The following are 
 among the finest. On the central wall, opposite the windows, and larger 
 than the others, Charlemagne (7GS-814) by Ph. Veil; then, beginning at 
 the corner diagonally opposite the entrance, Conrad I. (911-918), by 
 Ballenbenjer ; Otho 1., the Great (93tj-973j, by Veit; Otho III. (983-1002), 
 by Sellegast; Conrad II. (1024-1039), by C'lasen; Henry III. (1039-1056), by 
 Stilke; Henry V. (1100-1125), hy Kiederich; Lothaire (1125-1137), hj Bende- 
 manti; Frederick I., Barbarossa (1152-1190), by Lessing ^ a figure full of 
 majesty and repose, perhaps the best of the series; Philip of Swabia 
 (1198-1208), by liethel; Frederick II. (1215-1250), by Veit; Adulph of Nas- 
 sau (1292-1298), by Mucke; Albert I. (1298-1308), hy Steinle; Henry VII., of 
 Luxembourg (1308-1314), by Veit; Frederick 111. (1440-1493), by Jul. Iliibner; 
 Maximilian I. (1493-1519), Charles V. (1519-1556), and Maximilian II. 
 (15U4-157G), by Rethel; Rudolph II. (1576-1612), by Hemerlein ; Ferdinand III. 
 (1637-1657), by Steinle. A marble statue of Emp. William I. (d. 1888) was 
 placed'^here in 1892. — We next enter the — 
 
 Wahlzimmer (election-room), decorated in red, where the electors 
 met to deliberate on the choice of an emperor, and which has been left 
 in its original condition. It is now used for the meetings of the muni- 
 cipal authorities. 
 
 The RoMBRBERG (PI. E,4), or market-place in front of the Romer, 
 which down to the end of last century no Jew was permitted to enter 
 (comp. p. 209), was the scene of those public rejoicings after the 
 election of an emperor which Goethe so graphically describes in his 
 autobiography. The Justitia Fountain in the centre, erected in 1543, 
 and adorned with a stone figure of Justice in 1611, was complete- 
 ly renewed in 1887 and furnished with a figure in bronze. While 
 the coronation banquet was being held in the Romer this fountain 
 ran for II/2 hr. with red and white wine. — The S. gable of the 
 Romer belongs to the Haus Limpurg, the tine vaulted gate and spiral 
 staircase of which should^be noticed. At the corner of the Romerberg 
 and the Wedelgasse stands the Sakhaus, with rustica pillars and 
 interesting windows on the ground-floor and a narrowgabled facade in 
 carved timber. Adjacent to the S. is the Haus Frauenstein, once the 
 seat of a patrician society, with a facade painted in the style of the 
 18th cent., and to the \V. the Haus Wanebach, a timber-built house 
 of the 16th cent, (accessible from the Riimer), with a picturesque 
 court (all three restored in 18b'8-90 by A. Koch). — The 8. side of
 
 Cathedral. FRANKFORT. 28. Route. 207 
 
 the Romerberg is bounded by the Nicolaikirche (_P1. E, 4), an 
 elegant church in the early-Gothic style of the i3th cent., with one 
 aisle only (N.), and a massive tower adjoining the choir. It was 
 restored in 1847. Altarpiece, a Resurrection by Bethel. 
 
 A little to the S. of the Romerberg is the old Fahr-Thor, to the 
 left of which rises the liententhurm, erected in 1455, and adjoining 
 it the fa(;ade of the Saalhof (PI. E, 4), built in 1717, and occu- 
 pying the site of an imperial palace of that name, which was built 
 by Charlemagne and renewed by Louis the Pious in 822. The palace 
 was mortgaged by the emperors in the 14tli i-ent. , and was frequently 
 altered, particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries, so that no 
 external trace of the original edilice now remains. The old chapel 
 in the tower (now a private room, visible from the side next the 
 river) dates from the beginning of the 13th cent., and once served 
 as a receptacle for the imperial jewels. 
 
 On the Main , a little lower down , is the Roman Catholic 
 Church of St. Leonhard (PL E, 5), begun in 1219, with a late- 
 Gothic choir built in 1434, tlie whole completed in 1507, and 
 restored in 1808. On the N. tower is seen the imperial eagle, said 
 to have been besto\ve<l by Lewis the Bavarian on the abbey for 
 services rendered to him in defiance of the papal ban. 
 
 The chief objects of interest in the Interior t^. aisle) are the two 
 Komauesque portal?, which formed the entrances to the church before its 
 extension in thel4ih cent, j the vauliiug with tlie detached gird<rs in the 
 chapel to the left ; ancient mural paintings, including a Last Judgment 
 above the triumphal arch ; a Last Supper by Holbein the Elder ^ and linely- 
 coloured glass windows uf the late-Gothic period. 
 
 The street called the Markt (PL E, 4) leads from the Ro- 
 merberg towards the E. to the cathedral. At the corner of the 
 Romerberg, on the right, is the house Zum Grossen Engel, of 1662, 
 in the Gothic and Renaissance styles. Behind is the Nilrnberger Ho(\ 
 a timber-built house with a Gothic passage and rich cross-vaulting. 
 To the leit, Markt No. 44, th.Q Steinerne Haus^ with round -arch 
 frieze and corner turrets, a statue of the Virgin, and a fine vaulted 
 gate, of the 15th century. Adjacent, in the court of No. 30, are two 
 carved friezes representing the Fall and the Prodigal Son, in the 
 style ofH. S. Reham (16th cent.). Opposite is the Tuchgaden, where 
 the guild of butchers offered a draught of honour to the emperor 
 when proceeding after his coronation from the cathedral to the 
 Romer. Farther on, Markt No. 5, is the Goldene Wage, with a rich 
 facade and a fine stucco ceiling on the upper floor. Opposite, Krug- 
 gasse No. 4, is the Haus zum Rebstock, with a picturesque court. 
 
 The Cathedral {^St. Bartholomew, Rom. Cath.; PL E, 4), 
 originally founded by Lewis the German in 1852, was rebuilt in 
 the Gothic style in 1235-39 j the choir was erected in 1315-38, 
 and the transept in 1346-63. The church was seriously injured by 
 a fire in August 1867, but has since been restored under ^the 
 superintendence of the architect Denzinger. On that occasion the
 
 208 Route 28. FRANKFORT. Municipal Archiveif. 
 
 vault of the nave was raised, the cloisters were completed from the 
 old plans, and the tower, left unlinished in 1512, and now 312 ft. 
 high, was hnished from the dtslgus of the architect Hans von 
 Inyelnheim (1483) which had been discovered in the municipal ar- 
 chives. The crowning of the tower with an octagonal <'upola sur- 
 mounted by a spire is peculiar. 
 
 Intekiok. Access to the church is obtained by the N. portal (best time, 
 10-4). By the wall, to the right, are tombstones of the Holzhausen and 
 Sachsenhauscn families, of the i4th and 15th centuries. The chapel ad- 
 joining the choir on the left contains a group of the Death of Mary, 
 sculptured in stone in the 14th century. — At the high-altar the coro- 
 nation of the emperors used to be solemnised l)y the Elector of Mayence. 
 To the right is the Wahlkapelle (election-chapel), where the actual election 
 of the emperors took place 5 at the entrance stands the beautiful monument 
 of the German king Giinther von Schwarzburg, who died in 1349 at Frank- 
 fort, where he had taken refuge from his opponent Charles IV. The armorial 
 bearings around it belong to the families who erected the monument. 
 The original inscription is in old German, the new one in Latin. — 
 The fine stained-glass windows and the frescoes in the choir and the 
 transepts were executed from cartoons by A. Linnemann and Steinle. The 
 latter represent : Christ judging the world (above the main arch) etc. ; 
 and scenes from the history of the cathedral (on the W. wall), including 
 the Council of Frankfort (794); Reconciliation of Otho I. and his brother 
 Duke Henry (941)-, Conrad III. and St. Bernard of Clairvaux (1147); Burial 
 of Giinther von Schwarzburg (1349); Capistran preaching repentance (1434) ; 
 Albert Achilles of Brandenburg carried into the meeting of the electors 
 (148G); Coronation of Maximilian II. (1564); and the Imperial procession 
 to the Romer. — In the choir, to the right, is a "I'ainting by Van Dyck, 
 presented by the Brcntano family. — In the chapel adjoining the choir on 
 the right is a Sepulchre with the sleeping watchmen beneath, of the 
 15th century; also a fine Tabernacle of the same period. To the right 
 of the S. portal is the tomb of Andreas Hirde^ with a relief representing 
 the Mocking of Christ (1518). 
 
 On the outside of the N. wall of the choir is a large Crucifixion, 
 executed in tufa in 1509 for the Frankfort patrician Jacob Heller. 
 
 The ascent of the tower (View) is free after 12 o'cl., before which a 
 a small fee must be p;iid. 
 
 To the E. of the cathedral, the house Dom-Platz Nr, G bears 
 a-stone effigy of Luther in memory of the tradition tliaton liis journey 
 to Worms (p. 250) he preached a sermon here. 
 
 To the S. is the new building for preserving the Municipal 
 Archives (PI. E, 4), completed in 1878 from designs by Denzinger. 
 The ground-floor contains a *Historical Museum (adm. 10-1, Sun. 
 and Wed. free; other days, 50 pf.), formed of the combined col- 
 lections of the municipality and the Antiquarian Society. 
 
 The Ante-Room contains armour, weapons, and architectural fragments, 
 including a Roman 'Giant's Column, exhumed at Heddernheim, and 
 Roiuan sculptures of Mithras. — Room I. contains pictures from suppressed 
 Frankfort monasteries. In the first cabinet, on the left: Pieta, a large 
 group of the Cologne school; opposite, G. Viol (?), Altar-piece; to the 
 right of the entrance, 'Holbein the L'lder, Genealogy of the Virgin and the 
 Dominicans. In the second cabinet, to the left : Old copy, by Johst^Harrich 
 of Nuremberg, of Bib- ev''s celebrated Assumption, which was painted in 1509 
 for Jacob Heller (see above), purchased in 1015 by Elector Maximilian of 
 Bavaria, and destroyed by fire at Munich in 1074 ; the wings are the origi- 
 nal productions of Diirer's studio. Altarpiecc by Uans Baldung Orien. In 
 the 3rd Cab. : Two animal-paintings by J. H. and /. M. Roos; Ascension, by 
 M, Merian the Youvyer; Portrait of Zach. Stenglin (1674); Sandrari, Por-
 
 Town Library. FRANKFORT. 28. Route. 209 
 
 trait of the patrician Maximilian zum Jungen (1636) ; David Sulzer, Portrait 
 of Borne (1812) ; furniture of the 16-18th cent. — Koom II. contains the 'Prehn 
 Collection' of cabinet-works ; to the right of the window, 'School of Meister 
 Wilhelm of Cologne, Virgin in a garden ; below, Uffenhach (Elsheimer's 
 teacher), The Magi. Among the Dutch paintings in the adjoining cabinet, 
 the best is a Church Interior by Hendi'ik van Vliet. Another cabinet 
 contains a 'Panorama of Frankfort in 1811, by Morgenstern (pen-and-ink 
 sketch). The last cabinet is devoted to modern works : on the right, Peter 
 Cornelius, Holy Family; several fine landscapes. — The Antiquakian 
 Collection, including prehistoric, Roman (fine "Helmet from Heddern- 
 heim), and Franconian antiquities, is also interesting. The DolTs House 
 of the 18th cent, is curious. Among the old documents is the 'Golden BulF 
 of 1356 (see p. 204). There are also Egyptian and Ethnographical Collections. 
 
 Adjacent is the old Leinwandhaus , or Drapers' Hall, dating 
 from the first half of the 14th cent., and provided with turrets and 
 pinnacles, now under restoration. 
 
 At the S. end of the Fahrgasse, with its picturesque old houses, 
 is the Old Bridge over the Main, constructed of red sandstone in 
 1342. The middle of the bridge is embellished with a Statue of 
 Charlemagne , by Wendelstadt and Zwerger. Near it is an old iron 
 cross, with a still earlier figure of Christ. The presence of the cock 
 which surmounts it is explained by the tradition, that a cock became 
 the victim of a vow made by the architect, to sacrifice to the devil 
 the first living being that crossed the bridge. 
 
 On the left bank of the Main lies the suburb of Sachsenhauseu 
 (p. 204), said to have been founded by Charlemagne, and assigned 
 by him as a residence to conquered Saxons. To the left, on the 
 Main, is the Deutsch-Ordenshaus (PI. F, 5), or House of the Teu- 
 tonic Order, erected in 1709. A little to the E. are the large Cattle 
 Market and Slaughter House. To the right is the Church of the 
 Magi (PI. E, 4), rebuilt by Denzinger. 
 
 The quay flanked with lofty houses , which extends along the 
 right bank of the 'river, is called the Schone Aussicht (PI. F, 4). 
 At the upper end, the Ober-Main Bridge, built in 1878 by Lauter, 
 crosses the river. In front of it is a Bust of Lessing, in marble, by 
 Kaupert, and the — 
 
 Town Library (PI. G, 4; adm. Mon., Tues., Wed., Thurs., and 
 Frid., 10-3; Sat., 10-1), built hy Hess in 1820-25, with a conspic- 
 uous Corinthian portico. 
 
 In the IxTEpaoR, at the foot of the staircase, is a marble Statue of 
 Goethe, in a sitting pcisture, by P. Marchesi f lb38), besides which there are 
 numerous busts in marble, of Frankfort celebrities. — The library con- 
 tains about 2(jO,0(X) volumes and an exhibition of valuable MSS., printed 
 works, bindings, etc. (the latter open free, week-days 10-12, Sun. and holi- 
 days 11-1). 
 
 At the back of the Library, Lange-Str. No. 4, is the Hospital of 
 the Holy Ghost. To the W. , the Rechneigraben-Strasse leads to 
 the Borne-Platz, in which is a Synagogue, built in 1881. At the 
 N.W. corner of the square diverges the Borne-Strasse (Pl.F, 3), 
 formerly the Judengasse, the dingy houses of which have of late 
 been removed with the exception of the old House of the RothschUd 
 Family. 
 
 Baedekek"s Rhine. 12th Edit. 14
 
 210 Routers. FRANKFORT. Senckenherg InstU. 
 
 Down to the regime of the Prince Primate (p. 204) in 1806, the Juden- 
 gasse, or .lews'" Street, was closed every evening, and on Sundays and 
 holidays throughout the whole day, with lock and key, and no Jew might 
 venture into any part of the town under a heavy penalty. In spite of 
 this tyranny, many denizens of these squalid purlieus flourished, and among 
 them the now enormously wealthy Rothschild family, who originally resid- 
 ed at No. 148. Their oflices are now in the corner-house, Fahrgasse 146. 
 
 At the end of tlie r)brne-Strasse stands the old Synagogue, 
 erected by Kayser in 1855-60. The Bornheimer-Strasse leads hence, 
 intersecting the Fahrgasse, to the Market Hall (PI. E, 3), 416 ft. 
 long and 111 ft. broad, whence we regain the Zeil. 
 
 Near the Kcimischer Kaiser Hotel (Pl.b; E, 8) diverges the Schdfer- 
 gnsse, in which is situated the old Peter's Cemetery (PI. E, 2) 
 containing the tomb of Goethe's mother (d. 1808). In the centre is 
 the War Monument, erected in 1878 to the memory of the natives 
 of Frankfort who fell in the war of 1870-71, cast in bronze from a 
 model by Eckhard. 
 
 The flight of steps at the N. end of the cemetery ascends to the 
 Bleich-Strasse^ in which, a little to the W., is the Senckenherg 
 Institution (PL E, 2 ; adm. Sun. and Frid. 11-1, Wed. 2-4, gratis ; 
 on other days fee 75 pf.), founded in 1763 by Johann Christian 
 Senckenherg, a physician of Frankfort. It comprises a line Natural 
 History Collection^ a Library, a Botanic Garden, an Anatomical 
 Theatre, and a Hospital. 
 
 Adjacent, at the end of the Grosse Eschenheimer Strasse, 
 rises the circular Eschenheimer Thurm (PI. D, E, 2), erected in 
 1400-28 on the site of a square tower of 1346, the only one of the 
 ancient tower-gateways of the city now extant. The large house at 
 the corner of the Stifts-Strasse and the Eschenheimer-Str.(No. 74), 
 the residence of the Archduke John in 1848-49, when 'Regent of 
 the Empire', now belongs to the Biirgerverein, or citizens' club. 
 On the same side. No. 76, is the Palace of the Prince of Thurn and 
 Taxis, built in 1740, which contained the assembly-hall of the 
 German Diet (Bundestag) down to 1866. — In front of the Eschen- 
 heimer Thurm begins the steam -tramway to Eschersheim and 
 Heddernheim. At No. 2, Eschersheimer Landstrasse is the new 
 building of Dr. Hoch's Conservatorium of Music, from the designs 
 of H. Rittter. 
 
 On the site of the old fortifications around the inner city ex- 
 tend pleasant, park-like Promenades, adorned with several mon- 
 uments, including those of the patriotic Bethmann, who died in 
 1826, (iuiollet, who laid out the promenades, Senckenherg , the 
 founder of the hospital, Borne, the poet, ^wAKirchner, the historian. 
 
 The Hessian Monument (PI. F, 2), outside the Friedberger 
 Thor, was erected by Frederick "William II. of Prussia to the Hes- 
 sians who fell on 2nd Dec, 1792, in the attack on Frankfort, then 
 occupied by the French under General Custine. 
 
 On the opposite side of the Friedberg road is Bethmann^s Mu- 
 seum (PI. F, 2 J adm. daily 10-1, from June 1st to Sept. 30th also
 
 Stadel Qalltry. FRANKFORT. 2^. Boufe. 21 1 
 
 3-5; fee 50-75 pf. ; Sun. gratis), a circular biiikling containing 
 several sculptures, among them thegroup of *Ariadne ontlie panther, 
 the masterpiece of Dannecker of Stuttgart (d. 1841). 
 
 At the N. corner of the E-schenheimer Anlage (PI. F, 2) a finger-post 
 indicates the way by the Eckenheimer Landstrasse to the (1 M.) Cemetery, 
 which is entered by a Doric colonnade with an imposing gate and contains 
 a number of well-executed monuments. 
 
 The Arcades on the E. side contain the vaults of some of the prin- 
 cipal families of Frankfort. The last vault to the left (key kept by the 
 custodian), belonging to the v. Bethmann family, contains an admirable 
 'Relief by Thorvaldsen to the memory of a Hr. v. Bethmann who died 
 at Florence (1812) of an illness caused by his exertions on the occasion 
 of a lire at Baden near Vienna. The hurried presentation of an oak- 
 wreath to the dying man is an allusion to a letter of thanks written to 
 him by the Emperor of Austria. 
 
 On the N. side rises the Mausoleum of Elector William II. of Hessen 
 (d. 1847) by Hessemer, containing a crucifix in marble by Ztcerge/', and two 
 marble sarcophagi with life-size figures of the prince and his wife by 
 Launitz. Two other monuments near it are to the memory of the soldiers 
 and insurgents who fell in 1848. To the left of the main entrance is the 
 tomb of the philosopher Schopenhauer (d. 1860). 
 
 Immediately to the E. of the new cemetery is the Jewish Burial 
 Ground, open daily except Saturdays. On the N. side is a large marble 
 sarcophagus with Hebrew inscriptions, by Launitz^ to the memory of Carl 
 M. V. Rothtchild (d. 1855). 
 
 Near the Bockenheimer Thor rises the magnificent *Opera House 
 (PI. C, 2, 3), designed by Lucae [d. 1877), and opened in 1880. 
 The sculptures in the pediment in front are by Kaupert^ those at 
 the back by Rumpf, both of Frankfort. Most of the mural paintings 
 in the interior were executed from cartoons by Steinle ; the drop- 
 scene, representing the Prologue to Faust, is by Beer and Grdtz. 
 
 On rising ground to the right of the Bockenheimer Laiidstrasse, 
 1 M. from the town (tramway), is situated the *Palm Garden (PI. 
 A, 1), a pleasant park containing a large palm-house and extensive 
 conservatories. Concerts in the afternoon and evening; adm. ij(. 
 Restaurant, see p. 203. 
 
 In the Beethoven-Strasse, to the left of the Bockenheim road, 
 are the Christuskirche (PI. A, 2), built by Kauffmann in 1883, and 
 a Panorama (p. 203). 
 
 The *Zoological Crarden (PI. H, 2, 3; Restaurant), with its ex- 
 tensive grounds, is situated on the Pfingstweide, on the E. side of 
 the town. The tower commands a fine *View. In the sunk floor 
 of the ruin is a salt-water aquarium (50 pf.). Adm. 1 J/ ; concerts 
 in the afternoon and evening ; tramway, p. 203. 
 
 The *Stadel Art-Institute (PI. D, 5), an establishment to 
 which Frankfort owes its high rank in the artistic world . was 
 founded by Joh. Fred. Stddel (d. 1816), a citizen of Frankfort, 
 who bequeathed his pictures and engravings , his houses , and 
 l,200,000fl. (100,000i.) to the town, in order to found a School of 
 Art (now attended by about 200 students). The collections, which 
 are continually being added to, consist of pictures, engravings, and 
 drawings by eminent masters, and numerous casts. The handsome
 
 212 Route 28. FRANKFORT. Stadel Gallery. 
 
 building now occupied by the collections, situated on the Schaumain- 
 K ai at Sachsenhausen , was erected with the surplus funds of the insti- 
 tution from the designs of Oscar Sommer, and was opened in 1878. 
 It consists of a large central building in the Italian Renaissance 
 style, with a fine portal approached by a broad flight of steps , a 
 dome, and two projecting wings. The material is gray sandstone. 
 The six large reliefs above the round -arched windows are very 
 effective. Admission gratis, Sun. 11-1, Wed. 11-4, other days 
 10-1 (at other hours, 1 J^.") ; catalogue 1 J^. 
 
 Ground Floor. The octagonal Vestibule contains casts from the 
 tomb of Maximilian I. at Innsbruck. — The rooms to the left of this are 
 devoted to the Library and the collections of Drawings and Engravings ; 
 the latter collection, containing 60.000 specimens, is one of the finest in 
 Germany (adm. Mon.-Frid. 11-1, Tues. and Frid also 5-7). — The rooms 
 on the right contain Casts of ancient, mediaeval, and Renaissance sculp- 
 tures. Also a Terracotta Altar ascribed to Giorgio Andreoli of Gubbio (1511; 
 colouring revived), a 'Shield of Hercules in bronze, modelled by L. von 
 Schwanthaler from Hesiod's description, a 'Madonna (in sandstone) by T. 
 Eiemensc/meider, and several antique vases. 
 
 Upper Floor. From the staircase we first enter an Ante-Room con- 
 taining a bust of Stadel, by Zwerger, and a few casta. The other rooms 
 are occupied by the — 
 
 ^'Picture Gallery, which is especially rich in specimens of the early 
 Flemish and German Schools (15-16th cent.) and in Dutch paintings of the 
 17th cent., and also contains a few goi'd Italian works. Among the mo- 
 dern works are a few by Oalluit^ Leys, and other Belgian masters, and 
 numerous works of the older Diisseldorf School, and of the so-called 'Naza- 
 renes", of whom Overbeck at Rome was the chief. — The names of the 
 artists appear on the picture-frames. 
 
 Room I (to the left). Isetherlandish Masters of the 17th century. To the 
 left of the door : *i83. liembraiidt, David and Saul -, 188. G. van den Eeckhout, 
 Portrait of a man (1669); 260. Everdingen. Storm at sea. — 256. Aart van 
 der Neer., Moonlight landscape; '155. Tenters the Younger, Rustic tavern ; 184. 
 F. Bol, Portrait of a man (1644); -181. School of Rembrandt, Parable of the 
 Labourers in the Vineyard Teiiiers the Younger, 15G. Companion picture to 
 Ko. 155, 151. Cattle; *149. A. Brouicer, A bitter potion; 143. Van Dyck {!), 
 Young man; 330. /. de Beem, Festal apparatus and fruit; "173, *174. Frans 
 Ilals, Portraits of a man and his wife (1638); 245. Sal. van Ruysdael, 
 River landscape; *131. C. de Vos, Child in a small chair; *217. Pieter de 
 Hooch (?). Lady and greyhound; 269. J. Ruysdael, Brook after a thunder- 
 storm ; 261. Ev'erdingen, Mill ; 127. Rubens, King David playing on the harp ; 
 194. Janszon van Keulen, Portrait of a woman; 144a. A. van Dyck, Portrait 
 of Ilendrik du Buys; 205a. A. van Ostade , Dead swine; 2i7a. Jan van der 
 Meer van Delft, The Geographer (1669). 
 
 Room II. Italian and Spanish Masters. To the left: *44. Moretio, Ma- 
 donna enthroned, with SS. Anthony and Sebastian; *57. Velazquez, Cardinal 
 Gaspar Borgia, marked by delicacy of psychological characterization and 
 vigorous colouring; 12. Studio of 'Sandro Botticelli, tA&Aorm?). ('a tempera') ; 
 5S. Copy after Velazquez, The Infanta Maria Marg. Theresa, daughter of 
 Philip IV. and consort of Emp. Leopold I. ; 23. Fr. Francia (?), Portrait 
 of a man; 47. Moroni, Dominican monk; 39. Cima da Conegliano, Madonna; 
 59. Spagnoletto, Susannah; *42. Seh. del Piombo {i). Portrait of a lady ; **45. 
 Moretto, Madonna with the four Latin Church Fathers, SS. Gregory, Jerome, 
 Ambrose, and Augustine (originally in S. Carlo al Corso in Rome); 16. Peru- 
 £ri?JO, Madonna; 14a. .4. Bronzino, Portrait of a lady. 19. Macrino d'Alba, 
 Triptych for an altar ('a tempera'); the Virgin, with SS. Joachim and 
 Anna un her left, and on her right St. Joachim teaching a child. 9. Ver- 
 rocchio. Virgin and Child; *33, 34. Carlo Crivelli, Annunciation; 20. Ces.
 
 Stddel Gallery. 
 
 FRANKFORT. 
 
 28. Route. 213 
 
 da Sesto (?), St. Catharine of Alexandria; 24. Innocemo da Imola, As- 
 sumption; 22a. Correggio, Madonna; 5Sa. Coello, Charles II. of Spain; 
 *51. Bellotto. Palace of the Doges at Venice. 
 
 Room III. (to the left of Room II.). Old Italian Masters. •*!. Fra An- 
 gelico da Fiesole, Madonna enthroned. 
 
 Room IV. (to the right of Room II.). Earlier Flemish and German 
 Masters. To the left: 62. 63. School of Cologne (ascribed to Stephan Loch- 
 ner, p. 27), Martyrdom of the Apostles (twelve scenes); *100. Eager van der 
 Weyden (Master of the Merode Altar). Virgin with SS. Peter, John, Cos- 
 mas, and Damianus, probably painted about 1450 for the Medici in Flo- 
 rence; =^'102-106. School of R. van der Weyden, Trinity (in grisaille), St. 
 Veronica, Madonna and Child, The Malefactors crucified with Christ, 
 Crucifixion; 83. A. Diirer, Job's wife pouring water on him to alleviate 
 his sufferings ; *99. Petrus Cristas (a pupil of Hubert van Eyck), Madonna 
 (1447, not 1417); *'9S. Jan van Eyck\ 'x^Iadonna of Lucca\ "formerly, like 
 No. 99, in the possession of the Duke of Lucca; 101. Roger van der 
 Weyden, Three sections of an altar-piece of St. John; "^71. Holbein the 
 Younger, Sir George of Cornwall, holding a carnation (of great delicacy 
 
 I Ante-Room 
 
 ^XVII XIX : Bust of I I II 
 
 a Modern Masters. K stg,jei , I Netherlands Masters. Italians, 
 
 I® |xY|xiv|xinlxn| xiLj "CH^ |Ym| vii |vi | v ' I 
 
 1-1 rr 
 
 of conception); 97. Dierick Bouts, The Tiburtine Sibyl foretelling the birth 
 of Christ to the Emp. Augustus. 
 
 The following five cabinets contain Ketherlandish and German works 
 of the 16th and 17th centuries. Cab. V. : to the right, 115. Netherlandish 
 School (beginning of the IGth cent.), Entombment; opposite, 93. Master 
 of the Death of the Virgin, Pieta, St. Veronica, Joseph of Arimatha^a (a 
 triptych). — Cab. VI.: *107. H. MemUng, Portrait; on the centre-wall, 94, 
 95, Barth Bruyn, Pi>rtraits; 74. French School of the 16th cent.. Portrait; 
 83. L. Cranach the Elder, Venus (1552); 113. Quintin i/a5«y5 (Hemessen ?), 
 Portrait; lOS. G. David, St. Jerome before a crucifix; 85. Diirer (?), Girl 
 of the Fiirleger family. — Cab. VII. : *320. Adr. van de Velde, Meadow 
 beside a forest; 125. David Tenters the Younger, The smoker; 205. Adr. van 
 Ostade. Barn (1656); 204. Gerard Terlurg , Woman drinking wine; 152. 
 Teniers the Younger, St. Jerome; 310. Ph. Wouwerman, Cavalier at the door 
 of a tavern. — Cab. VIII. : 206. Ger. Dou . Girl with a candle preparing 
 supper; A. Elshaimer. 337. Paul and Barnabas at Lystra, *338. Landscape 
 with Bacchus and nymphs; 284. W. van de Velde. Sea-piece; *147, *148. 
 A. Brouwer, Operations on peasants; Jan Sfeen. 216. Alchemist about to 
 throw his last thaler and the silver ornaments of his weeping wife into the 
 crucible, *215. Man jesting with a girl. — Cab. IX. : *193. Aart de Gelder, 
 The artist painting a woman (1685). — We now reach Room X., the 
 copying-room. 
 
 The following five cabinets contain examples of Flemish and Dutch 
 masters of the 17th and 18th cent., and of the cognate Frankfort paint-
 
 214 Uoute -«. FKANKFOKT. Stadd Gallery. 
 
 ers of tlie same period. — Cab. XIV.: 398, 399. Tischbein, Portraits; S15. See- 
 katz^ Dulcimer-player. 
 
 Room XVI. German masters from 1820 to 1850. To the left of the door : 
 450. K. Morgensteni, Bay of Villafranca near Nice. To the right of the 
 door: 411, 419. Ph. VVtV, Repose on the flight into I'gypt; *413. Overbeck, The 
 Triumph of Religion in the Arts (18411), an excellent exponent of the views 
 of the 'Nazarene.s' (p. 212); one of its chief points of interest is its wealth 
 «if allusion, to understand which the visitor should consult the catalogue. 
 
 Room XVII. The whole of the farther wall is occupied by a large 
 •Fresco l»y Pliilip Veil (No. 416), representing the 'Introduction of the 
 Arts into Germany'', with ligures of 'Italia' and 'Germania' on thrones. 
 This work, the masterpiece of the painter, completed in 183fi, was skil- 
 fully sawn out of the wall in the old building and transferred hither. — 
 The room also contains ten Biblical cartoons (INos. 503-511) by Steiule^ 
 and 471. Overbeck^ Joseph sold, a cartoon of the fresco in the Casa Bartholdy 
 at Rome, now at Berlin. 
 
 Room XVIII. 458m. n. F. Lenbach^ Portraits of Emperor W^illiam I. 
 and Count Moltke; 450o. F. UTide, The disciples at Emmaus; 418. Fh. Veit, 
 Portrait of a clergyman; 4G0. Galloit. Abdication of Charles V., a small 
 replica of the large picture at Brussels. 
 
 Room XIX., the principal room of modern works. To the left of the 
 door: "438. Leasing^ Ezzelino in prison, rcfu.<^ing .spiritual consolation and 
 resolving to die of hunger; 417. Ph. Veit, Sketch; 444. E. Steinle^ The 
 Tiburtine Sibyl; *4o3. A. Acheubach . Storm at sea. C. F. Lessing , 440. 
 Landscape, with accessories from the Thirty Years' War; *437. John 
 lluss at the Council of Constance, lift, high, 14ft. long, one of most 
 celebrated works of the Diisseldorf school. *4()5. J. A. Koch, Landscape, 
 with the rape of Hylas by nymphs, perhaps Koch's best work; 442. A. 
 Zimmermann , Mountain-torrent after a thunderstorm; 436. //. Funk, Huiii 
 on a lake bv morning-light; 461. H. Let's, Scene in fmnt of a Dutch tavern; 
 431. M. von Schicind, Dance of elves; 421. Ph. Veit, Sketch; "^1^ J. Becker^ 
 Shepherd struck by lightning; 439. Lessing, Woodland scene; 456. G.Saal, 
 Ilardanger Fjord by evening-light; 433. J. Hiibne)\ Job and his friends; 
 418. Pose, Schloss Eltz (p. 176); 441. Lessing , Patriarchal oak; 454, A. 
 Relhel, Daniel in the den of lions. 
 
 Room XX, 414. W. Schadow, The Wise and Foolish Virgins; 422. 
 J. Schnorr von CaroUfeUl, The good Samaritan; *430, M. v. Schwind, Contest 
 of singers at the Wartburg, a replica in oils of his fresco at the Wartburg. — 
 The remainder of this Room.s XXL, XXII. contain a selection (changed 
 weekly) of engravings and drawings. 
 
 Room XXIII. 4S5-495. Schnorv, Cartoons for the Frescoes in the Villa 
 Massimi at Rome ; 470. Cornelius, Last Judgment, coloured sketch for the 
 picture at Munich. 
 
 The *Eothschild Museum, in the house of the Rothschilds, 
 Uiitcrmain-Quai 15 (PI. D, 4), contains the magnificent art-col- 
 lections of the late Baron C. von Rothschild (d. 1886) and is open 
 to the public by free tickets obtained on application before 10 a.m. 
 at the Rothschild Public Library, Bethmann-Strasse (adm. in sum- 
 mer on Men. & Thurs., 2-5, in winter on Mon, 11-2). The collec- 
 tions embrace old gold and silver plate [including the celebrated 
 'MerkelEpergne' by Wenzel Jamnitzer), gems, cameos and intaglios, 
 works in rock-crystal, pique work (tortoise-shell and gold wire), 
 wood and ivory carvings, enamels, etc. — The ground -floor of 
 the Library contains the Rothschild Collection of Chinese and Ja- 
 panese Porcelain (adm. on Sun., Wed., Thurs. and Sat. 10-1); on 
 the first floor are the books (10,000 vols,; adm. Sun. 9-1, Mon,, 
 Tues., Thurs, and Frid, 11-1 and 4-8, Wed. and Sat. 4-8).
 
 HOCHST. 'J9. Route. 215 
 
 From Frankfobtto MwBucv.i HessischeLiidiviysbahn), 22'/->M. , 
 in 39 min.-li/4hr. (fares 2^ 90, 2.20, 1.50 pf. ; express 3.^20, 
 2 .// 40 pf.). — The train starts from the Central Station (p. 202 ), 
 crosses the Main . and joins the line from Suchsenhausen near 
 (2',2 M.) Forsthaus. It runs at first through wood, but afterwards 
 affords a view of the Taunus to the right. The intermediate sta- 
 tions, all of which express trains pass without stopping, are Gold- 
 stein [^. 222); 7 M. Schicanheim ; 9 M. Kelsterbach ; 14 M. Raun- 
 heim; 16 M. Russelsheiui; I8V2M. Bischofsheim (^.123). The train 
 then crosses the bridge mentioned at p. 150, to the Neuthor Sta- 
 tion, and runs thence beneath the citadel to the central station 
 in Mayence (p. 140). 
 
 29. The Taunus. 
 
 The name Taunus, in the wider sense, applies to the whole of the 
 mountainous region between the Main, the Rhine, and the Lahn, but is 
 usually restricted to the southern mountains of that district, sloping down 
 to the Main and Rhine, and extending from Nauheim on the E. to Ass- 
 mannshausen on the W. The highest point's of this range are the Great 
 Feldf'erg (2900 ft.), the Little Feldberg (2710ft.), and the Altkonig (2385ft.). 
 
 One and a half or two days suffice for a glimpse at the most inter- 
 esting spots in this district: Railway to //07n?)«jv, where the night is spent, 
 50 minutes. Next morning by an early train to Oberursel ;ind thence to 
 the lop of the Feldberg 3 hrs., or from Homburg to the Feldberg direct, 
 also in 3 hrs.; descent to Konigstein IV4 hr. ; thence by Falkenstein to Cron- 
 berg IV2 hr. ; or by the Rossert to Eppsleiii in 2V2hrs., at either of which 
 the railway is again reached. — All routes and paths in the Taunus are 
 marked with colours which are explained by 'Central Tablets' posted at 
 the crossings. 
 
 a. Taunus Railway from Frankfort to Caste! (Mayence) and 
 Wiesbaden. 
 
 Railway to L'astel (20V,i M.) in 35 min.-l hr. (fares 2 U? 90, 2.2U, 1.70,; 
 express 3 UT 20, 2 Ulf 40 pf.). — To Wiesbaden (26 M.) in 48 min.-i'/a hr. 
 (fares 3 Jl 40, 2.60, 1.70; express 3 Jl 80. 2.90, 2 Jt). 
 
 The Taunus Railway, one of the oldest in Germany, was opened 
 in 1839. Leaving the town, the train passes the Gallen- Warte on the 
 left, and Bockenheim on the riglit. The Homburg line diverges to 
 the right fp. 210). The Nidda is now crossed, and the train reaches — 
 
 51/2 M. HochstI 290ft.; Hotel Casino; Hirsch; Nassauer Hof; 
 Landsberg, a restaurant with garden, at the station), a thriving little 
 town, with 8400 inhab., and possessing an interesting *Church of 
 St. Justinus, erected in 1090 ( comp. p. xxviii), with a Gothic choir 
 added in 1443. A palace of the Electors of Mayence here was de- 
 stroyed by the Frankforters in 1634, but the handsome tower is still 
 standing. 
 
 From Hochst to Soden , see p. 219. — From Hochst to Ho/heim, Epp- 
 stein. and Limburg. see p. 221. 
 
 91/2 ^1- Hatter sheim. A good view to the N. is obtained of the 
 principal peaks of the Taunus Mountains. The white Hofheimer 
 Chapel (p. 221), on the hillside, is also conspicuous. 
 
 At (131/2 M.) Florsheim (Hirsch), a village on the Main, omni-
 
 216 Route 29. HOCHHEIM Taunus. 
 
 buses and carriages are in waiting to convey travellers to the 
 (1 1/2 M.) baths of Weilbach (sulphur-springs), with its Curhaus and 
 pleasant grounds. The village of Weilbach lies 3/4 M. to the N. of the 
 baths. Pleasing view from the '■KanzeV (pulpit), a hill with four 
 trees, 1/2 M. above Diedenbergen, and 3 M. to the N. of Weilbach. 
 
 171/0 M. Hochheim (405 ft. ; *<?c/m'an), a small town with 
 2800 inhab., celebrated for its wines. The most esteemed is yielded 
 by the vineyards of the old Domdechanei (deanery), now a shooting- 
 box of the Duke of Nassau. The sparkling 'Hock' made at Hoch- 
 heim, whence the name, is much prized, and is chiefly exported to 
 England. 
 
 On entering (2OV2 M.) Castel (p. 141) the line intersects the 
 fortifications (comp. Plan of Mayence, p. 141). 
 
 The Steam Ferey to Mayence starts close to the station. Omnibus 
 and Tramway to the Central Station in Mayence, see p. 140. Cab to 
 Mayence (preferable for travellers continuing their journey at once by 
 steamer), one-horse, 1-2 pers. 1 Jlf, 3-4 pers. 1 Jf 40 pf. ; two-horse, i J( iO 
 or iJt SO pf. ; each box 20 pf. 
 
 23 M. Curve, where the through-carriages to the Rheingau are 
 detached (p. 131), is connected by a short branch-line with Biebrich 
 (p. 125). — 26 M. Wiesbaden, see p. 134. 
 
 b. From Frankfort to Homburg and Cronberg. 
 
 Railway to Homburg. 11 M., in 32-43 min. (fares 1 J( 60, 1.20, 80 pf. ; 
 express 1 J( 80, 1.30, 00 pf.); to Cronberg, 91/2 M., in 3/^ hr. (fares 
 1 Jf 30, 90, 60 pf.). 
 
 The Homburg line coincides with the Cassel line as far as (2M.) 
 Bockenheim, a manufacturing suburb of Frankfort with 20,000 in- 
 hab., a picturesque church, an old watch-tower, and large barracks. 
 It is connected with Frankfort by tramway. — We then cross the 
 Nidda. 4 M. Rodelheim, junction of the Cronberg line (p. 218); 
 71 oM. Weisskirchen. — 91/4 M. Oberursel (Schutzenhof, well spoken 
 of; BJir; Pension Alemannia), a very old town, is much visited by 
 the Frankforters in summer, and possesses a Gothic church con- 
 secrated in 1481. (Ascent of the Feldberg from Oberursel, see 
 p. 220.) 
 
 11 M. Homburg. — Hotels. *Vieb Jahkeszeiten, *Victokia, *Bel- 
 LEVUE, *H6tel do Parc, 'Rdssischer Hop, *Hotel Eiechelmann, all of 
 the lirst class, with prices to correspond: R., L., & A. from 3- 81/2, B. 1.20- 
 1.50, Lunch 2-2V2, D. 4 Jf,. — Second class: Central Hotel, opposite the 
 Curhaus, D. at 1 p.m. 2, at 6-S p.m. 3, B. 1 Jl, well spoken of; -Hotel 
 Windsor, moderate; Englisouer Hof; Adler, well spoken of; Eisen- 
 BAiiN Hotel, at the station; Goldene Rose, with restaurant, unpretending. 
 
 Restaurant at the "Curhaus. D. at 1 o'clock 3, at 6 o'clock i Jl. — 
 Beer. Schutzenhof ; Adler (see above); Saalbau. Tntere Luisen-Str. 
 
 Music in summer, 7 a.m.. by the Elisabeth-Brunnen; at 3.15 and 7.30 
 p.m. in the Curgarten. Also a theatre, concerts, and balls. 
 
 Tax for persons staying more than three days: 1 pers. 16 Jl, 2 pers. 
 26 Jl, 3 pers. 34 Jl. for a larger party 40 JL 
 
 Carriage with one horse from the station to the town , 1-2 pers. 70, 
 3-4 pers. 1 Jl, box 20 pf. ; within the town or to the mineral springs, 
 with one horse 50 or 70, with two horses 1 Jif; to Cronberg with one
 
 Taunus. HOMBURG. ^9. Route. 217 
 
 horse 9, with two horses r2 ^ff; to Saalburg with one horse 5 or 6, with 
 two horses ly-z Jl (via Konig-Wilhelms Weg 1 Jl more in each case). 
 
 English Church, Ferdinand -Str., near the railway -station, with 500 
 sittines; Sun. Services during summer at 8.30 a.m., 11a.m., 4 p.m. Daily 
 Matins at 8.30 a.m. Chaplain, Rev. C. B. Brigitocke, M. A.., Louisen-Str. 102. 
 — Presbuterian Services in the Schlosskirche at 11.30 a.m. and 7.30 p.m. in 
 July and August. 
 
 Hombury vor der Hohe (640 ft.), a town with 9000 inhab., 
 situated on a spur of the Taunus Mts., the residence of the Land- 
 graves of Hessen-Horaburg, a collateral line of the grand-ducal family 
 of Hessen, from 1662 to 1866, when this branch of the family be- 
 came extinct , is one of the most popular watering-places in the 
 Rhineland (10-12,000 visitors annually) and has lately been uiuch 
 frequented by the English. In the Luisen-Strasse, the main street, 
 which runs to the N.W. of the station, are the chief hotels, the theatre, 
 and the Curhaus. Beyond the last, to the left, is a War Monument. 
 
 The Curhaus , the chief rendezvous of visitors, built in 1840 
 and extended in 1863 , contains a number of very handsome apart- 
 ments, a well-supplied reading-room, and the 'Saalburg Museum' 
 (adm. 3-6 p. m., 50 pf.), a well-arranged collection of antiquities 
 found on the Saalburg (see below), a good model of the Saalbur^-, 
 and a reconstruction of a Roman watch-tower. A terrace on the N. 
 side, partly covered with glass, is a favourite resort in fine weather, 
 and the corridors of the ground-floor afford a sheltered promenade 
 during rain. The large adjacent Bath House contains batlis of every 
 kind. The '^Kaiser Wilhelms-Bad., a fine new bath-house, was opened 
 in 1890. 
 
 At the back of the Curhaus, to the N.E., extend beautiful 
 ^Pleasure Grounds, in which, to the riiht (E.), we observe the spark- 
 ling chalybeate and saline Spkings (chiefly prescribed for disorders of 
 the digestive organs), 3/4 M. from the Curhaus. The chief of these 
 is the Elisabeth- Brunnen ^ farthest to the E., the water of which, 
 containing more salt than the Rakoczy mineral-water at Kissingen, 
 is exported in considerable quantity. Near the adjoining 'Trink- 
 halle' are well-kept flower-beds , a palm-house , and an orangery. 
 The Stahlbrunnen and the Louisenquelle are less saline than the 
 Elisabethbrunnen, but are much richer in iron, especially the first- 
 named. The Kaiserbrunnen and the Ludwigsbrunnen are used 
 chiefly for bathing. 
 
 At the W. end of the town (ascend the main street and turn to 
 the left) rises the Schloss, which formerly belonged to the land- 
 graves. It was erected at the beginning of the 18th cent. , and' has 
 been recently fitted up for the use of the royal family of Prussia. 
 The Weisse Tfiurm^ which rises in the court at the back to a height 
 of 188 ft., commands an extensive view (fee 50 pf.). Above a 
 gateway here is the front half of an equestrian statue, and opposite 
 to it a bust of Prince Frederick , who , under the leadership of the 
 Great Elector, decided the victory of the Brandenburgers over the
 
 218 Route 29. CRONBERG. Taunus. 
 
 Swedes at Fehrbelliii in 1675 by the spirited cliarj^e of his cavalry. 
 The Palace Garden (open to the public in the absence of the royal 
 family) contains an orangery, some fine old cedars, and a fish-pond. 
 
 Walks. Besides the pleasiire-grounds above mentioned, the traveller 
 may also visit the Hard or Ilardwald^ adjoining the Cuihaus grounds; the 
 Gvosse Tannenwald, 1/2 br. to the N.W. of Hombnrg, and the Kleine Tan- 
 neiiwald , 20 inin. to the W. ; the Lttl/iereiche^ 1 hr. ('/a hr. beyond the 
 Grosse Tannenwald) ; the Wildpark, 1/4 hr. from the Grosse Tannenwald, 
 with its numerous deer-, the GoldgnihenJiohe^ l'/-.' hr. ; the Herzkopf^ with 
 a view-tower, l-*/4 hr. ; the Pelaghis-Platz^ near the Saalburg, etc. 
 
 Archaeologists should visit the Saalburg , the remains of the walls of 
 a Roman castle, brought to light by excavation, situated 4V2 Jt to the 
 N. of Horaburg, 1340 ft. above the sea-level, and a few hundred paces to 
 the left of the Usingen road. Walkers should follow the Elisabethen- 
 schneisse and the Lindenweg (comp. Map of the Taunus). The Saalburg 
 formed one of the forts belonging to the Pfahlgvaben (Limes), an extensive 
 line of intrenchments constructed about 70 A. D. to protect Rhtttia and the 
 Germanic provinces against the warlike Germans and fulfilling this function 
 for about two centuries. It extended from Kelhein to Lorch, then turned 
 northwards to Miltenberg, and finally stretched towards the N.W. to Ems 
 and Honninjien (p. 60). — The Saalburg is the largest, so far as known, of the 
 forts on the Pfahlgraben, measuring 725 by 480 ft., and is generally regarded, 
 though without definite proof, as the fortress re-erected by Gcrmanicus, son 
 ofDrusus, '■super vestigia paterni pi^aesidii in monte Tauno\ The nntiiiuities 
 found here are preserved in the Homburg Curbaiis (p. 217). The Pfablgraben 
 itself is distinctly recognisable at a point about 300 yds. to the N. of the 
 Saalburg , reached by following the alley cut throuiih the wood. — By 
 ascending to the right from the Saalburg we reach Oh hr.) tlie Frohlicfie 
 Mann, with a belvedere. 
 
 Ascent of the Grosse Feldberg, see p. 220. 
 
 The Cronbkrg Railway diverges from the Hombnrg line at 
 Rodelheim (p. 2161, Stations (572 M. from Frankfort) Eschborn 
 and (7 M.) Nieder-Hochstadt. 
 
 91/2 ^' Cronberg. — Hotels. *Fkankfurtek Hof, with good paint- 
 ings by Frankfort artists in the dining-room; *Sohutzeniiof, both at 
 tlie lower end of the town, with gardens and views. — Hahii's Restau- 
 rant, at the station. 
 
 Cronberg, a small town with 2500 inhab., is picturesquely 
 situated on a hill, surrounded by productive gardens, and commanded 
 by Schloss Cronberg, with its conspicuous and lofty tower. This 
 castle was built in the 13th cent, by the Counts of Cronberg, who 
 resided here down to 1704, when the family became extinct. Part 
 of it is still occupied. The old chapel contains tombstones of the 
 14th cent. ; the windows of the tower command a beautiful view. 
 Cronberg is a favourite summer-resort of the citizens of Frankfort, 
 including quite a colony of artists, who possess a number of pleasant 
 villas in the environs, and, like Konigstein, it is also well adapted 
 as headquarters for excursions into the Taunus region. About V2^- 
 to the N.E. is Schloss Friedrichshof, built in 1889-91, the summer- 
 residence of the Empress Frederick of Germany. — To Falkenstein 
 2 M. ; to Konigstein also 2 M. (omnibus ; see below).
 
 Taunus. KONIGSTEIN, 29. Route. 219 
 
 c. From Frankfort to Soden. Konigstein. Falkenstein. 
 Great Feldberg. 
 
 Railway tn Soden, 10 M., in V2 lir. (fares 1 ^ 30, I Jf, 10 pf. ; express 
 1 .« 50, 1 ur 10, SO pf.). 
 
 From Frankfort to Hochst, see p. 215. — Thence by a short 
 branch-line via Suhhach to — 
 
 Soden. —Hotels. 'Cluhaus; *H6tel Colloseus, with restaur;int and 
 garden, H. 2-2','.;. B. 1, I>. 2-2V", pens, with R. from Q Jf, *E(jropaischer 
 HoF; RussiscHER HoK, pcHS. with R. from 5 J(\ *Hotel Uhricii, with 
 restaur, and garden, ;R., L., & A. 2 Ui^, B. i:0 pf., D. 2y-z Jt; Adler, un- 
 pretending. 
 
 Carriage per hour 3 Jf, to Konigstein S'/z, to Cronberg i'/z, to the top 
 of the Feldberg 20 Jf. 
 
 Visitors' Tax for 1 pers. 12, for 2 pers. IS, for 3-4 pers. 24 J(. 
 
 Soden (460 ft.), a village with 1500 inhab., lies at the foot of 
 the Taunus Mts. in the sheltered valley of the Sulzbach. On the 
 Konigstein road, which intersects the town from S.E. to N.W., are 
 most of the hotels, the post-office, and the pleasant Carpark, with the 
 Curhaus and the New Bath House, admirably fitted up. The baths 
 are visited by about 2500 patients annually. The Springs, twenty- 
 three in number, and varying in temperature from 52° to Sl^Fahr., 
 contain salt, iron, and carbonic-acid gas, and are chiefly prescribed 
 for nervous complaints and derangement of the mucous membrane. 
 They are used both for drinking and bathing, and rise in different 
 parts of the valley. The Milchhrunnen, Warmbrunnen, Soolbrunnen, 
 and Champagner-Brunnen, which are chiefly used for drinking, rise 
 in the so-called Haupt-Strasse, near the old Bath House. 
 
 Walks. To the Brei Linden, a good point of view, near Neuen- 
 hain (see below) ; to the Altenhainet- Thai, V2 ^^- to the N.W. ; to the 
 village of Sulzbach; to the Sodener Wdldchen^ etc. 
 
 From Soden to Cronberg, 3 M. The road diverges to the W., at 
 the lower end of the Curpark. About V^ M. from Soden there is a finger- 
 post indicating the footpath iind the carriage-road to Cronthal , which 
 possesses two saline springs (Curhaus, recommended for a quiet stay), and 
 to Cronberg. 
 
 From Sodbn to Komgstbin, 3 M. (post-omnibus twice daily). 
 The road ascends gradually, and passes (1 M.) Neuenhain, where 
 there is another chalybeate spring used for sanatory purposes. 
 
 Kdnigstein. — Hotels. *H6tel Pfaff, with garden, R., L., & A, 
 3V2-4V2, B. 1, D.2V2, board 3-0 Uif, omn. to Cronberg station 70 pf.; *Stadt 
 Amsterdam, with garden, pens, with R. 5V2-6V2 '^f '■> Stadt Frankfurt, 
 plain. — Beer at Messei's and at Piokaski/''s, with garden and view. — 
 .Pingler's IJi/dropathic Establifhment. — Baths and pension at the Hainhad. 
 
 Konigstein (1190 ft.), a picturesquely-situated little town with 
 1800 inhab., many pleasant villas and a new chateau of the Grand- 
 Duke of Luxembourg, is one of the most popular resorts in the Taunus 
 region. To the W. of the town rise the imposing ruins of the Castle 
 of Kirnig stein (1490 ft.), which was destroyed by the French in 1796. 
 This stronghold is mentioned in history for the first time in 1225 ; in 
 1581 it came into the possession of the Electors of Mayence, whose 
 armorial bearings are still to be seen over the entrance ; in 1792 it 
 was captured by the French, and in 1793 by the Prussians. The
 
 220 Route 29. GREAT FELDHERG. Taunus. 
 
 vaults and casemates are still partly preserved. Fine view, especially 
 from the tower. 
 
 From Konigstein to Eppsteln, 5 M., see p. 221. 
 
 The wooded hill to the N.E. of Konigstein is crowned with the 
 ruin of Burg Falkenstein (1490 ft.), the path to which [35 min.) 
 is indicated by a finger-post at the lower end of the town. This 
 castle, the ancestral seat of the powerful Archhishop Kuno of Treves, 
 was erected in the 14th cent, on the site of the ancient fortress 
 of Niiring, and was destroyed in 1G88. *View from the tower, 
 a key of which is kept at Konigstein, and another at the village 
 of Faifcens^ein (Frankfurter Hof, Taunus), on the S. side of the hill. 
 The HUdaruhe is another good point of view. At the S. foot of the 
 Falkenstein is the Ouranstdlt Falkenstein (1310 ft. ; K. and board 
 incl. medical advice 9-12 Jf per day). To Gronberg (p. 218), 21/4 M. 
 
 The highest point of the Taunus Mts. is the Great Feldberg 
 (2900 ft.), the top of which consists of quartzose rock, while the 
 slopes are composed of clay-slate. The whole mountain, except the 
 flat grassy plateau on the summit, is clothed with beautiful woods. 
 The *Feldberyhaus, an inn at the top (D. 2, pension 41/2 e//), com- 
 mands an admirable panorama in clear weather (see Ravenstein's 
 panorama in the dining-room ; also some good pictures by Frankfort 
 painters). The block of quartz, 12 ft. in height, near the inn, is 
 mentioned in a document as early as 812, and has been known as 
 the BrunhUdenbett since 1043. 
 
 To the S. of the Feldberg rises the Altkonig (2385 ft. ; ascent 
 more fatiguing). The summit is enclosed by a huge double girdle 
 of loose stones, with a rectangular outer rampart on the S.W. side. 
 The outer circle has a circumference of 1660 yds., the inner one of 
 1260 yds. These works were probably thrown up by the aboriginal 
 inhabitants of the Main Valley as a place of defence in time of 
 war. The stones were probably originally arranged in layers with 
 trunks of trees between, so as to form a perpendicular wall. Restau- 
 rant and view-tower on the top. 
 
 Ascent of the Feldberg from Konigstein, 2 hrs. (carriage 12 Jf ; 
 •guide unnecessary, 1 Jf 10 pf.). We ascend the Frankfort and Lim- 
 burg road as far as (IV4 31.) a finger-post, which indicates the road to 
 the right to Reiflfenberg and the P^eldberg; this road passes the Seelen- 
 born ^ and reaches the (13/4 M.) so-called Rothe Kreuz (finger-post), 
 where the Feldberg road (red marks) diverges to the right. About IV4 M. 
 farther on we reach the saddle between the Great and the Little Feldberg^ 
 where our route joins the road from the Fuchstanz (see below). In 1/4 hr- 
 more we reach the top. 
 
 From Falkenstein (2 hrs.). A broad road ascends gradually from 
 the upper part of the village in 1 hr. to the Fuchstanz^ an open space 
 in the wood, where several paths meet, and whence the top is reached 
 in 1 hr. more (finger-post). 
 
 From Obeeuesel (3 hrs.). The new road ascends along the left bank 
 of the stream , passing several mills. In 1 hr. we reach the Hohe Mark 
 spinning-mill (*Resta\irant), and in 1 hr. more the Elisabethschneisse (sec 
 below). Walkers diverge to the left at the kilometre-stone 7.4. Numerous 
 finger-posts.
 
 Taunus. EPPSTEIN. 2.9. Route. 221 
 
 From Homburg (3 hrs.). Leaving the W. exit of the Schlossgarten 
 we follow the poplar avenue and the '■ EUsabethenschneisse^ (a cutting in 
 the wood) in a straight direction. At the top of the hill called the '■Sand- 
 placken' (2V4 hrs.) a finger-post indicates the way to the Feldberg to the left. 
 [A finer path diverges to the left about 1/4 M. from the exit of the Schloss- 
 garten on this side of the bridge and leads ^gdk^^tihQ Fnmkfurtef Fors(haus.\ 
 
 d. From Frankfort to Eppstein and Limburg. 
 
 47 M. Railway in 2V'j hrs. (fares b Jl 80, 3.90, 2.50.). This line forms 
 the shortest route from Frankfort to Ems. 
 
 Frankfort., see p. 202. 6 M. Griesheim; 9 M. Hochst., see p. 215. 
 The line now describes a curve and crosses the Taunus railway. 
 121/2 M. Kriftel. 
 
 14 M. Hofheim (*Krone; Hydropathic), a pleasant village of 
 2400 inhab. at the entrance to the Lorsbacher Thai, a grassy valley, 
 enclosed by wooded slopes and watered by the Schwarzbach. The lofty 
 Hofheimer Capelle (750 ft.), reached by the promenades in about 
 1/2 br., affords an admirable survey of the extensive valley of the 
 Main, the Taunus Mts., the Bergstrasse, and the Mts. of the 
 Palatinate. 
 
 The line ascends the Lorsbacher Thai, and crosses the Schwarz- 
 bach several times. 16'/2M- Lorshach, a prettily-situated village. — 
 I8V2 M. Eppstein (605 ft. ; Hotel Seller, at the station ; Zur Oel- 
 miihle, outside the village), an ancient little town with scarcely 
 700 inhabitants. On a precipitous rock above the place rises the 
 picturesque Castle of the same name, mentioned in history as early 
 as 1120, the ancestral seat of a celebrated family, five members 
 of which were archbishops and electors of Mayence between 1060 
 and 1305. It is now the property of Prince Stolberg-Wernigerode. 
 
 The Rossert (1700 ft.) , which is easily reached from Eppstein in 
 1 hr. by a path ascending the valley and then by a road to the left, 
 commands a fine view of the valleys of the Rhine and Main. Below the 
 summit is a refuge-hut, shaded by trees (on Sun. refreshm.). From the 
 Rossert to Konigstein i^/t hr. 
 
 Immediately below Eppstein the Konigstein road diverges to the 
 N.E. from the Lorsbach valley, ascending the Fischbachthal to (13/4 M.) 
 Fi.tcfibach. It then traverses a lofty plateau to (2^/i M.) Schneidhain, and 
 ascends thence to (IV2 51.) Koingstein (p. 219). 
 
 Beyond Eppstein the train passes through a tunnel. — From 
 (23 M.) Niedernhausen a branch-line diverges to Auringen- Meden- 
 bach, Igstadt, Erbenheim, and (13 M.) Wiesbaden (p. 134). — 
 2(S M. Idstein (Lamm, well spoken of; Merz; Deutscher Kaiser), 
 a town of 2500 inhab., with many old houses, was once the residence 
 of a branch of the Nassau family; the chateau dates from the 16th 
 cent., the church, richly adorned with marble, from 1667. The Grosse 
 Feldberg (p. 220) may be ascended heiice in 31/2 ^irs. — 31 M. 
 Worsdorf; 34 M. Camberg. — 36^/2 ^1- Niederselters (Caspari), 
 formerly belonging to the Electorate of Treve.s. 
 
 Niederselters has been celebrated since the 16th cent, for its mineral 
 waters, in which carbonate of soda and salt are agreeably blended, and
 
 222 Roule SO. GERNSTTEIM. 
 
 widely known under the erroneous name of 'Seltzer Water". The build- 
 ings of the .spring are near the station. From 31/2 to 4 uiillion bottles 
 are annually exported. 
 
 39V2 M. Oberbrechen; 41 M. Niederbrechen. 
 47 M. Limburg, on the Lahn, see p. 199. 
 
 30. From Frankfort or Mayence to Mannheim and 
 Heidelberg. 
 
 a. Vifi. Lampertheim to Mannheim (Carlsruhe). 
 
 5OV2 M. (or 471,'i. M.l Uailnvat in lV2-2i,'2 hrs. (fares from Frankfort 
 G ur 25, 4.15, 2.70 pf. ; from Mayence 6 Jf 10, 4.10, 2.G0 pf.). Passengers 
 starting from Mayence should be careful to get into the proper carriage, 
 as the front part of the train runs via Darmstadt. 
 
 From Frankfort to Forsthaus, see p. 2i5. 4 M. Goldstein; 9'/.) M. 
 Walldorf; IOV2M. Morfelden. From \^i^^\.')Dornherg a branch-line 
 diverges to Grossgerau (p. 215). 18'/.2M. Dornheim; 20'/2M. Lee- 
 heim-Wolfskehlen. 2II/2M. Goddelau-Erfelden is the junction for 
 the Darmstadt and Woruis railway (p. 226), which coincides with 
 the Mannheim line as far as Biblis (see below). 231/2 M. Stock- 
 stadt, on the Rhine; 26 M. Diehesheim. — 28 M. Gernsheim fPo 5 < ; 
 Darmstddter Hof), a small and busy towm on the Rhine, with 3600 
 inhab., mentioned in history as early as 773 and destroyed by Me'lac 
 in 1689. It contains a monument to Peter Sclioffer, one of the in- 
 ventors of printing (p. 204), who was born here. — 3O1/2M. Gross- 
 rohrsheim. At (33 M.) Biblis, with an imposing churcli with two 
 towers, the line to Rosengarten and Worms diverges to the riuht 
 (p. 226); 36 m. Biirstadt, junction of the Bensheim and Worms 
 railway (p. 228). — 39 M. Lampertheim (Rebstock; ScMcan), the 
 junction of a branch-line to Rosengarten and Worms , is a town 
 with 0400 inhab. and a large new church. Our line divides here, 
 the right branch leading by Waldhof to the (471/2^.) Neckar suburb 
 of Mannheim, while the left passes Waldhof Aiidi Kdferthal and loads 
 to the central station at (50^/2 ^^O Mannheim (p. 244). 
 
 Continuation of the railway to Carlsruhe, see p. 246. 
 
 b. Vift. Darmstadt to Heidelberg and Mannheim. 
 
 From Frankfort to Darmstadt (17 M.) railway in V2-I hr. (fares i Jt 95, 
 1.30, 85 pf. ; express fares 2 Jf 30, 1.55, l.lU). From Mavence to Darm- 
 stadt (21 M.) railway in 3/,.i hr. (fares 3 Uif, 2 U(^, 1 Jf 30 pf. ^ express 
 fares 3 Uff 40, or 2 Uif 40 pf.). From Darmstadt to Heidelberg or Mannheim, 
 38 M. , in 11/4-2 hrs. (fares to Heidelberg 4 Uif 25, 2.80, 1.80 pf. ; express 
 fares 5 J( 10, 3.40, 2.45 pf. ; from Mannheim 5-20 pf. more). Seats on the 
 left (E.) side of the train should be selected for the view. 
 
 From Frankfort to Darmstadt. Beyond the imposing sand- 
 stone bridge over the Main a branch-line diverges to the left to 
 Offenbach and farther on the 'Hessische Ludwigsbahn' to the right 
 to Mayence and Mannheim (p. 216). On the hills to the left is 
 the Snrhsenhduser Warte. From (2^2 M.) Louisa a branch-line
 
 DARMSTADT. 30, Route. 223 
 
 runs via Sachsenhausen (p. Q09) to^(5 M.) Offenbach. — The fol- 
 lowing stations are for the most part some distance from the unim- 
 portant villages after whioh they are named. The railway from 
 Mayence to Darmstadt passes beneath our line shortly before we 
 reach (17 M.) Darmstadt. 
 
 From Matencb to Daemstadt. Starting from the central 
 station, the train runs under the citadel to the Neuthor station, 
 and crosses the Ludwigshafen railway (p. 247), and the Rhine. 
 5M. Bischofsheim is the junction for the Frankfort Railway (p. 215). 
 10 M. Nauheim. From (l^i/o M.) Grossgerau, the junction of 
 the line via Lampertheim (p. 214), a branch-line runs to Dornbery. 
 — 131/2 M. Kleingerau; 17 M. Weiterstadt. — 21. M. Darmstadt, 
 where carriages are usually changed. 
 
 Darmstadt (see Plan. p. 226). — Hotels. Tradbe (PI. a^ C, 3), R., 
 L., & A. fr.im 31/2, B. 1.20 D. 2.80; Darmstai-tek Hof (Pl.b ; B, 3), E,., L., 
 & A. 2V2, B. 1, D. 21/2 J(\ 'Railway Hotel, at the Hessian Station, R. 
 21/2, t>. 21/2 Jf- — Hotel Kohlek (PI. c; A, 3), Rheln-Str. 50; Prinz Karl, 
 Karl-Str. 1 (PI. D, C, 4), 
 
 Restaurants. Schmitt, near the station; Schmifz. Louisen-Str. 14; all 
 with gardens. — Cafe: Eichberg. Rhein-Str. — Beer: Ptchorrbi'dn^ Ernst- 
 Ludwig-Str. ; Formhals, Grafen-Str. ; Menyeringhaysen, Hiigel-Str. 35. 
 
 Cab with one horse for ''4 hr. for 1-2 pers. 50, 3-4 pera. 70 pf. : with 
 two horses 80 pf.. 1 UT; for V2 hr. i Jf, 1 Jf 30, i Jf m pf., 2U(f; 1 hr. 
 2 Jl. 2 J( iO, 2 J( 60 pf., 3 J(. 
 
 Steam Tramway to Oriesheim (p. 226), to Eherstadt (p. 226) and to Ar- 
 heiligen. starting from the Schloss (about ten times daily ; fares 40 or 20 pf.). 
 
 The Verein zuv Fovdei'ung Gemeinnutziger Zwecke ^ Stein-Str. 2, gives 
 every information to strangers, 
 
 British Charge d'Affaires, Hon. W. N. Jocelyn, C. 5., Wilhelm-Str. 17. 
 
 English Church Service in the Palace Chapel at 11.30 a.m. and 6.30p.m. ; 
 chaplain, Tcev. J. K. Cummin, if. A., Villa Cornel, Bessungen. 
 
 Darmstadt, the capital of the Grand-Duchy of Hessen , with 
 57,000 inhab., a town with handsome broad streets and tasteful 
 pleasure-grounds, was, though the residence of the Landgraves of 
 Ilessen-Darmstadt since 1567, a place of no importance down to 
 the close of the 18th century. The Grand-Duke Ludwigl. (d. 1830) 
 erected the new part of the town, and to him Darmstadt is indebted 
 for its prosperity. A Statue (PL 17 ; C, 3), by Schwanthaler, erected 
 to him by his 'grateful people' in 1844, is borne by a column, 140 ft. 
 in height, the summit of which affords a fine view. 
 
 The Eesidenzschloss (PL 29 ; C, 2, 3) was begun in the 15th 
 cent, and largely rebuilt by the Landgrave George I. at the end of 
 the 16th cent. ; the portals, belonging to that period, but finished 
 after the Landgrave's death, are a good specimen of the German 
 Renaissance. The present building dates chiefly from the beginning 
 of last century. The tower contains a chime of bells (1671). The 
 valuable Library consists of about 600,000 vols., 4000 MSS., and 
 numerous typographical curiosities (open to visitors 11-12 a.m., to 
 scholars 9-1 a.m. and 3-5, in winter 2-4p.m. ; closed onSun., and 
 on Sat. afternoon). The other Collections (pictures, antiquities,
 
 224 Route 30. DARMSTADT. From Frankfort 
 
 natural history, costumes, and coins) are open free on Tues., Wed., 
 Thurs. and Frid. 11-1 (in winter 11-12), and on Sun. 10-1 (in 
 winter 11-1); also at other times for a fee. The entrance is in the 
 archway in the Markt-Platz, opposite the Rathhaus. A flight of 58 
 steps ascends to the tirst floor, whore the library is to the left and 
 the other collections straight in front (p. 226). Another flight of 
 steps leads hence to the — 
 
 *PiCTURB Gallery, which occupies the upper floor of the palace. 
 The collection has been almost entirely formed during the present 
 century, and contains little of great importance except a few works 
 by Rembrandt and other Netherlandish masters. Catalogue l'/.) Jf. 
 
 Room I. : Pictures by ScJmiidt, Seekatz (d. 1768), Fiedler., Srhiifz, Kobell, 
 Morgenstern., etc., chiefly of the 18th cent.; then several modern pictures. 
 To the left on entering (2nd transverse partition): 136. Sc/iirmer, Heidelberg 
 Castle; 157a. Gude, Sea-piece; i'29. Steinbriick, Genovefa; 148, 149, 150, 151. 
 Achenbach, Four small Uutch landscapes. Principal wall : 157. H. Hof- 
 mann^ Betrayal of the Saviour; Radl^ 121. Cronberg, and 122. Falkenstein, 
 both in the Taunus ; 59. Seekatz, Children in the poultry-yard ; 105. Schon- 
 berger, Sunset. 
 
 Kooji II. Partition: 137. Lessing, Evening-scene on the Moselle; 126. 
 ^t7H7&«c/(, Castel Gandolfo; J5'«AM?)er. Bavarian court of justice; iJo<A, Land- 
 scape. Principal wall: 159b. E. Ilenseler, Social democrats; 134. Morgen- 
 stern^ Scene on the Isar ; 156. Sdiweich, Autumn morning; 154. Becker y 
 Glacier-lake in Norway ; 155. Noack, Religious disputation between Luther 
 and Zwingli at Marburg; Lucas, 132. Italian harvest-scene, 130. The Meli- 
 bocus seen from the Odenwald. 
 
 Room III. 193. Patinir, Landscape; 189. Shtdio of Gerard David, Ma- 
 donna; *226. Holbein the Younger, Young man (1515); 170. Master of the 
 Si. Thomas Altar at Cologne, Madonna with saints; 231. Woi'ilgemidh, Mount 
 of Olives; 240. G. Pencz, Portrait of a man; 257. A. von IKorrtw, Madonna ; 
 *168. Stephan Lochner (the master of the Dombild at Cologne), Presentation 
 in the Temple (1447). 
 
 Room IV. 328. Van Dyck (?) , Portrait of a man ; 404. Jul. Porcellis, 
 Sea-shore; *271. P. Brueghel the Elder, Dance under the gallows-tree: 389. 
 /. van Looten, Large landscape ; *386, 387. Ferd. Bol (G. van den Eeckhout :■'), 
 Portraits; 395. Oovert Camphuise?i (Paul Potter?), In the stable; 372. Bonav. 
 Peters, Canal; "383. Aart van der Neev, Landscape by moonli;j;ht; '296. 
 Rubens, Diana hunting (from the Diisseldorf Gallery; mainly executed by- 
 pupils); *275. Neuchatel, Portrait of a man; 307. A. van de Venne, 
 Dutch princes. 
 
 Room V. '348. Copij after Rembrandt, Portrait of his wife Saskia; 
 *358. Craesbeeck (?), Small portrait of an officer; 322. Lucas van Vden, 
 Landscape. 
 
 Room VI. *347. Rembrandt. Christ about to be scourged (1668; the art- 
 ist's last known work); Bern.Fabritins, 349. Christ at Emmaus, '-'350. Simeon 
 in the Temple; *326. Jan Porcellis. Calm sea; *406. Imitator of Jac. Ruys- 
 dael, Hut by a W(i0d; 320. H. de Bie , Old woman; '-'405. P. de Hooch 
 (? more probably by 0. Buoschop or C. de Man), The parrot; 378. Bemh. 
 Fabritius, Woman cleansing her boy's head; *369. School of Rembrandt, FuU- 
 Icngfh portrait of an old woman; 293. C. von Voort (?) , Portrait of the 
 oi-ganist J. P. Swilling. 
 
 Room VII. 489, 490. Van Loo , Portrait of Louis XV. and his Queen 
 Maria Lesczinska; 495. H, Robert, Italian scene. 
 
 Room VIII. 547. Carlo Caliari, Venus and Adonis. 
 
 Room IX. 519. Tintoretto, Portrait; 623. Battoni, Portrait; *541. Ann. 
 Carracci, Small full-lengtli portrait of a man (16<i3) ; *578. Sassoferraio, Pieta. 
 
 The two adjoining rooms ccmtain the valuable collection of objects 
 of Natural History. Halfway up the staircase to the next floor arc 
 two rooms containing Plaster Casts.
 
 to Heidelberg. DAIiMISTADT. 30. Route. 225" 
 
 The other Collections are on the second floor. 
 
 Room I. Roman Antiquities: a ^Mosaic Pavement, 30 ft. in length, 
 20 ft. in breadth , excavated near Vilbel in 1849 ; model of an apparatus 
 for evaporating salt, excavated at Nauheim in 1854, with a clay vessel which 
 formed part of it ; bronze tools and a helmet from a tomb near Naaheim ; 
 smaller Germanic and Roman antiquities. — Room II. Cork Models of 
 Roman edifices , ancient ornaments in gold and silver, goblets , enamels 
 of the early Lower Rhine School and of Limoges, a very extensive and 
 choice collection of ivory carvings (mostly in the Romanesque manner), 
 stained glass, coins. — Room III, IV. Collection of the weapons, flags, 
 and equipments of the Hessian regiments from the earliest times to the 
 present day. — Room V. Armour and Weapons^ curious helmets, shields, 
 and targes' — Room VI. Model of the palace, costumes and utensils of 
 foreign nations, (fee. — Room VII. Drawings and Engravings, ancient and 
 modern ; among the former are the sketches of Rottmann for the Italian 
 landscapes in the arcades at Munich. Some coins are exhibited here also ^ 
 and engraved stones, with impressions taken from them. 
 
 Other rooms contain the valuable Collection of Minerals^ Conchylia, 
 and 'Fossils^ skeletons of antediluvian and other animals, skulls, etc. 
 
 The grand-ducal Palace also contains the celebrated ''^Madonna witli 
 the family of Burgomaster Meyer of Bale, by Holbein the Youngfr, painted 
 in 1526, and ascertained since the Holbein Exhibition at Dresden in 1871 to 
 be the original work of the master. A skilful restoration at Munich has 
 removed much of the repainting of some of the heads, and the work again 
 shines with its original glory. For admission visitors apply to the ad- 
 ministration (1st door to the right in the 'Kirchenhof), whence they are 
 conducted by an attendant (fee). 
 
 To the N.W. of the Palace stretches the Pabade Ground (PI. 
 C, 2), on the N. side of which is the Artillery Arsenal (PI. 32). In 
 front of the latter stands the War Monument (PI. 20), commemora- 
 tive of the campaign of 1870-71, cast in 1879 from the model of 
 Herzig. — Between the Arsenal and the Thbatrb(P1. 31; D, 2), re- 
 built since its destruction by fire in 1871, are Statues (Pl. 18, 19), 
 by Scholl, of the Landgrave Philip the Generous (d. 1567), and his 
 son George I. (d. 1596), founder of the grand-ducal family. — 
 Adjacent is the entrance to the Hberbngartbn (PI. C, 1, 2), which 
 is well laid out. Under an ivy-clad hill (PI. 8) here reposes the 
 Landgravine Henrietta Carolina (d. 1774), 'femina sexu, ingenio 
 vir' according to the inscription on the urn dedicated to her by 
 Frederick the Great. — To the W., in the Wilhelminen-Platz (PI. 
 B, 2), is the bust of Alt Vogler (d. 1814), the master of Carl Maria 
 von Weber and Meyerbeer. — In the Markt (PI. C, 3) stands the 
 Town Hall (PI. 28), a Renaissance building of 1600. In the Kirch- 
 Strasse, to the S.E., is the Stadtkirche (PI. 15; C, D, 3), with a 
 Gothic choir and the elaborate Renaissance monument of George I. 
 
 The modern Koman Catholic Church (PI. 12, C 4; usual entrance 
 at the S.E. angle), in the Wilhelminen-Platz^ is built in the style of 
 the Pantheon at Rome and is lighted from the dome which is sup- 
 ported by 28 columns (fine echo in the centre). It contains the well- 
 executed marble sarcophagus of the Grand-Duchess Mathilde of 
 Hessen (d. 1862), with a recumbent figure of the princess by Widn- 
 mann. — On the W. side of the Platz is the new Palace of the Grand 
 Duke (PI. 24), in the Italian Renaissance style. 
 
 Baedeker's Rhine, 12th Edit, 15
 
 226 Route 30. BERGSTRASSE, From Frankfort 
 
 The Technical School (PI. 26; D, 3, 4), in the Capell-Str., is 
 admirably equipped with teaching apparatus, but is architecturally 
 uninteresting. 
 
 At Rosenhohe (p. 232), II/4 M. to the E. of Darmstadt, is the 
 Grand-ducal Mausoleum, containing the remains of the Grand- 
 Duke Lewis III. (d. 1877), Grand Duke Lewis IV. (d. 1892) and 
 his wife, Princess Alice of England (d. 1878"). The *Tomb of the 
 Princess Elizabeth, who died attheageof 51/2 years, with a recumbent 
 figure in marble, is by Ranch (1831). 
 
 Environs of Dakmstadt. Pleasant walks may by made in the exten- 
 sive woods: N. E. to Karlshohe (1/2 hr., comp PI. D, i), the Fasanerie 
 (1 hr. ; comp. PI. D, 2), the hunting-seat of KrcaiicJistein (20 min.), and the 
 forester's house of Einsiedel (1 hr.) ; S. to the Lndwigshche (795 ft. ; 40 min.), 
 with view-towPT and restaurant. On the road to the Rosenhohe (see above), 
 between the Diebnrg; and Erbach roads, is the MathUdenhohe, with the 
 Alice-Hospital and the reservoir of the Tov)n Waterworks (view). 
 
 From Darmstadt to \Yorms, 28M., railway in lV4-l'/2hr. (fares 3 Jt 80, 
 2 Jl 50, or 1 Uif 60 pf.). 6 M. Oriesheim , with i\n extensive artillery- 
 ran^e and camp. 9 M. Wolfskehlen; 10 M. Goddelau-Er/elden, the junction 
 of the Frankfort and Mannheim line (p. 252), which coincides with the 
 Worms line as far as (21 M.) JBiblis. 23V"2 M. Jlo/fieint, the junction of the 
 Bensheim and Worms line (p. 22S). 26 M. Rosenc/arten, where passengers 
 cross the river by a steam-ferry. 261/2 M. Worms-JIafen. The train now 
 makes a circuit round the N. side of the town. 28 M. Worms, p. 248. 
 
 From Darmstadt to Mannheim, 38V2 M. (fares 4 Jf 35, 2.90, 1.90). 
 To Goddelau-Erfelden^ see above; thence to Mannheim^ see p. 222. 
 
 From Darmstadt to Eberbach. see R. 31b. 
 
 171/2 M. Bessungen^ now a suburb of Darmstadt, with two 
 gardens belonging to the Grand-Duke. 
 
 Near this point begins the Bergstrasse, an old road originally 
 constructed by theRomans, skirting the fruit and vine-clad W. slopes 
 of the Odenwald (to which the name 'Bergstrasse' is sometimes 
 applied in a wider sense), and leading to Heidelberg. — 2OV2 M. 
 Eberstadt; the place lies 1 M. to the E. of the station. A branch- 
 line runs hence to (I1/2 M.) the busy little town of Pfungstadt 
 (Strauss, with garden), with 5500 inhab. and a well-known brewery. 
 — On the hills to the left rises the ruined castle of Frankenstein 
 (1110 ft.), commanding a splendid *View (Inn). 
 
 25 M. Bickenlach is the station for (l^/^ M. distant ; post-omni- 
 bus three times daily, 40 pf. ; in summer carriages await the train) 
 Jugenheim (360 ft. ; ^Goldene Krone <?- Alexander-Bad, *Loos zur 
 Post, pension at both 4'/2-5i '2 J/ ; Bellevue, well spoken of), a 
 favourite summer- resort, with pleasant villas and tlie chateau of 
 Heiligenberg, the residence of Prince Ludwig of Battenberg (fine 
 view from the terrace). On an eminence to the W. is a conspicuous 
 golden cross, erected by the Empress Mary of Russia (d. 1880) in 
 memory of her mother, the Grand-Duchess Wilhelmina, and the 
 Mausoleum of Prince Alexander of ITessen (d. 1888). Tour in the 
 Odenwald, fee p. 229. Ascent of the Melibocus, see below. — At 
 Seeheim (450 ft. ; *Hufnagel, pens. 4 J/'), 1 M. to the N. of Jugen- 
 heim, there is a grand-ducal chateau, the garden of which is open to
 
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 to Heidelberg. AUERBACH. 30. Route. 227 
 
 the public. Above 8ceheiiu rises the ruined castle of Tannenberg 
 (1115ft.), destroyed in 1399; it is scarcely visible from below. — ■ 
 To the left of the railway, farther on, rises the pinnacled tower of 
 the Alsbacher Schloss (840 ft,), which may be reached in V2^'r- from 
 Zwinirenberjr. 
 
 27 M. Zwingenberg (318 tt;*Lbice, with garden, R. ly., .j^, 
 D. 1 J/ 70 pf., pens, i jh, an old town, with 1600 inhabitants, 
 lies at the foot of the wooded Melibocus or Malchen (1700 ft.), the 
 highest point of the Bergstrasse and entirely of granite. On the sum- 
 mit is a tower (80 ft. high), erected in 1777 (generally open in 
 summer; key, when closed, and refreshments from the forester; 
 fee 25 pf., for a party 1 Jf). 
 
 The ascent of the Melibocus takes 1 hr. from Zwingeuberg, aud 
 iV'i hr. from .Jugenheim. Guide (unnecessary) 1 Jf :, carriage to the top 
 10-12 J(. — Fkom Jcge.nukim via the Melibocus and the Aiierbacher 
 Schloss to Auerbach 3 hours. Besides the old and the new path ascending 
 the mountain, there is a third, slightly longer, past the ruined castle of 
 Dachtberg. The three paths unite halfway up the hill (3/4 hr. from Jugen- 
 heim"). The path leading down-hill to the right is to be avoided. 
 
 From Zwixgenbekg, the road leads E. from the '■Lowe'' and ascends 
 the hill ; after 8 min. the path follows the water-conduit to the right, 
 leads through a small fir-wood over the Luzieberg, and in 25 min. more 
 regains the carriage-road, which is furnished with direction-posts. 
 
 From the Melibocus a road, furnished with way-posts at all doubt- 
 ful places, leads direct in 3/4 hr. to the Auerbacher Schloss. Descent from 
 the Schloss to the village of Auerbach in ^/■i-^/\ hour. — From the Auer- 
 bacher Schloss direct to the Fiirstenlager, see below. 
 
 29V2 M. Auerbach (330 ft. ; *^rone, established originally in 
 the 17th cent., pens. -4-5 J(; Post; also lodgings, R. from 7 J^ per 
 week ; carriage-tariff at the station), a picturesque village of 1800 in- 
 hab., mentioned as early as 795, is a favourite summer-resort, and 
 affords good headquarters for excursions in the W, part of theOden- 
 wald. Good wine is produced in the neighbourhood, the best quality 
 being called Rottwein. 
 
 The *Auerbacher Schloss (2^/4 M. from the Melibocus, carriage 
 road ; same distance to the N. of Auerbach, path not to be mistaken), 
 situated on an eminence (1150 ft. ; Inn), is said to have been founded 
 by Charlemagne. After 1257 it appears as a fortress of the Counts 
 of Katzenelnbogen, held at first as a fief of the monastery of Lorsch 
 (p. 228), and then of the Electorate of Mayence. The present build- 
 ing dates from the IStlicent. ; in 1674 it was blown up byTurenne. 
 The view from the towers is less extensive but more picturesque 
 than that from the Melibocus, which may hence be reached by road 
 in 3 4 hr. 
 
 Envikons. One of the prettiest points near Auerbach is the Fiirsten- 
 lager, a small chateau built during last century by the Landgraves of 
 Hessen, and enlarged by Lewis I. (p. 223), with a chalybeate spring and 
 charming groiinds. Coffee and milk may be had at the chateau. It may be 
 reached by the road in 20 min. from the 'Krone' inn, or (pleasanter) by 
 following the path to the right indicated by the finger-post opposite the inn. 
 — The walk from the Auerbacher Schloss to the Fiirstenlager is also 
 pleasant : wc follow the broad road to the E. as far as the mineral spring 
 in the Ilochstdttev Thai (refreshments at the forester's), pass the mill, and 
 
 15*
 
 228 Route 30. BENSHEIM. From Frankfort 
 
 turn to the W. to the Neun Aussichten ('nine views'), a clearing in the 
 wood, where nine different picturesque views are obtained through the nine 
 forest-paths which converge here. Farther on we reach the Fiirstenlager 
 f LV4 tr. in all). — About V2 hr. to the E. of the Fiirstenlager lies Schdnberg 
 (see below). 
 
 30 M. Bensheim (*Deutsches Haus, Traube, in the town ; *Bdhn- 
 hofs-Hotel, at tlie station), a busy town in a picturesque situation, 
 with 6400 inhah. , dates as far back as the 8th century, and till 
 1802 belonged to Mayence. The two churches, Roman Catholic and 
 Protestant, are modern. The Rinnenthor, near the station, is an in- 
 teresting relic of the old fortifications. 
 
 DiLiGENCK from Bensheim 3 times daily in 20 min. to Schonberg 
 (Trnube; Sonne; Villa Sclilapp, with restaur, and pension, i J(), a summer- 
 resort with a chateau of Count Erbach - Schonberg. Fine view from the 
 Schlnssgarten and the parish-church. About li/-.jhr. to the E. of Schon- 
 berg (past Gronau and Schanneiihach) is the Knoden, with an iron belvedere- 
 tower (Inn). — The diligence proceeds from Schonberg via (41/2 M.) 
 Reichenbach (p. 230) to (11 M.) Linden/els (p. 230). 
 
 From Bensheim TO RosENGARTEN(WoKMs), 13 m., railway in about 1 hr. 
 3M. Lorsch (4CKX) inhab. ; Hdtel Hartmann)^ on the Weschnitz, with ruins of a 
 monastery (Laureshamense MonasteTium) ^ founded in 763 on an island in 
 the Weschnitz and afterwards removed to its present site. In 788 Charle- 
 magne assigned it as a place of banishment to Tassilo , Duke of Bavaria, 
 who had been condemned to death as a traitor. On leaving the station 
 we first turn to the left, then to the right, and follow the main street to 
 the (8 min.) market-place. Near the latter, and not far from the E. end 
 of the village is the 'Michaelskapelle'' (so called only since the end of the 
 17th cent.), which is now recognized as the chapel erected by Lewis III. 
 between 876 and 882 as a mausoleum for his father, Lewis the German. 
 The chapel, with curiously-formed imposts and inlaid walls, is one of the 
 most elegant and best-preserved specimens of the architecture of the 
 period. Lewis III. himself and Cunigunde, wife of Emp. Conrad I., are 
 also interred here. The stone coffins seem to belong to the Carlovingian 
 era. The Nibelungen-Lied represents the vaults at Lorsch as the burial- 
 place of Siegfried and Queen Ute (mother of Chriemhilde). Beyond the 
 chapel are some portions of the nave of the convent-church, which was 
 consecrated in 1130. 
 
 8 M. Biirstadl; IOV2 M. Hofheim. ~ 13 M. Rosengarten, see p. 226. 
 
 Near (331/2 M.) Heppenheim (328 ft. ; *Ealb€r Mond, R. 1 J^ 50, 
 B. 70 pf.), to the left of the road, rises the Landberg, a hill crowned 
 with three trees, where the provincial tribunals were held in the 
 middle ages. The church was founded by Charlemagne, according 
 to an old inscription. The present edifice is of later times. 
 
 The Starkenburg (930 ft.) is reached by a good path from Heppen- 
 heim in V2 hour. It was erected in 1064 by an abbot of Lorsch, captured 
 by the Swedes and Spaniards in the Thirty Years' War , and besieged in 
 vain by Turenne in 1674. It gives its name to a province of Hessen. Fine 
 view from the lofty square tower. 
 
 The train now enters the dominions of Baden. Beyond (37 M.) 
 Hemshach it crosses the small river Weschnitz, and reaches — 
 
 391/2 M. Weinheim (*Pfalzer Hof, with garden, R. 2 j{f, B. 
 80 pf., pens. 5 J/; '^Four Seasons; *Karlsberg; Adler, in the market, 
 moderate), a small town of 8300 inhab., lying at the union of the 
 Gorxheim and Birkenau valleys, and the most important and most 
 beautifully situated town on the Bergstrasse. It formerly belonged 
 to the Abbey of Lorsch, and is of ancient origin, though owing
 
 to Heidelberg. WEINHEIM. 30. Route. 229 
 
 to its destruction during the Tliirty Years' War, and again in the 
 devastation of the Palatinate in 1689, there are few old buildings of 
 any importance. A few towers belonging to the former fortifications, 
 the House of the Teutonic Order (now a government-office), and the 
 Gothic Rnthhaus are the only relics of its former prosperity. The 
 Gothic towers of the Roman Catholic church and the Berkheini sche 
 Srhloss are modern. — To the E. rises the old castle of Windeck 
 (720 ft.), with its high conical 'Bergfried' tower, the property of the 
 monastery of Lorsch in the l'2th cent., afterwards that of tlie Pala- 
 tinate, commanding a beautiful view. Pleasant walks may also be 
 taken to the Birkenauer Thai, the Gorxheimer Thai, the Kastanien- 
 wald, the Wagenberg (1320 ft.), Geiersberg {i 120 ft.), Hirschkopf 
 (1145 ft.), etc. — Hubberger, the best wine of the Bergstrasse, is 
 produced near Weinheim. 
 
 From Weinheim to Hkidelbeeg, lO'/a M., steam-tramway in IV4 br. 
 along the BergstraBe. i^/o Ji. Liitzelsachten^ known for its red wine; 
 2'/2 M. Grofisachsm (also rail. stat. , see below) ; 3Va M. Leutershausen ; 
 5 31. Schriesheim (Deutsche'- Kaiser), commanded by the ruins of the 
 Struhlenbwg (670 ft.). Then pa«;t the former stronghold of Schanenbin-g 1o 
 (7 31) Dossenheim^ with guarries of red porphyry. 9 M. Handschuchsheim 
 (Krone; Rotht-r Ochse)^ much visited by Heidelberg students. The line 
 passes over the new Neckar hridge and reaches its terminus in the Bis- 
 marck-Platz at (IOV2 M.) Heidelberg (p. 234). 
 
 From Weinueim to Mannheim, iO'/a M., steam - tramway via Viern- 
 heim and Kdferthal (p. 222) in 58 min. 
 
 At (43 M.) Gross-Snchsen.' — ^^ M. Ladenburg (Rose; Schiff), 
 the Roman Lupodunum, to which the walls and towers, and the 
 line old Gothic church of St. Gallus (14th cent.) give an air of im- 
 portance. The Neckar is crossed here by a bridge of red sandstone. 
 
 48 M. Friedrichsfeld, where the lines to Heidelberg and Mann- 
 heim (each about 1/4^^. distant by train) separate. — A branch-line 
 lea.ls hem^e to (4 M.) Schwetzingen (p. 243). 
 
 541/2 M. Heidelberg, see p. 234. — 54 M. Mannheim, see p. 244. 
 
 31. The Odenwald. 
 
 The Odenwald. the wooded mountain-district between Darmstadt and 
 Heidelberg , is about 40 31. in length and 24-30 31. in breadth. The 
 highest points are the Katzenbuckel (2060 ft., see p. 243), the Neunkircher 
 Hiihe (1870 ft.), the Dromm (1835 ft., see p. 231), the Melibocus (1680 ft., see 
 p. 227), and the Felsberg (1625 ft., see p. 230). This district is picturesque 
 and interesting at places, although, like its inns, inferior to the Black Forest. 
 
 a. Western Portion. 
 
 One Day : From Bickenbach to the Felsberg 2 hrs. , thence to Linden- 
 ftl.-i 31/4 hrs. and drive in 2 hrs. to Bensheitn or in 2V2 hrs. to Weinheim. 
 
 Two Days. First day, as above to Lindenfels. Second day: by the 
 Dromm to Waldmichelbach 31/2 hrs., thence by Ober and Unter-Schonmalten- 
 wag to Hirschhorn 31/2 hrs., or via Schonau io Xeckarsteinuch 5 hrs. 
 
 Bickenbach (p. 226) is the best starting-point for a ramble in 
 this district. Thence to the E. to (1-74 M.) Jugenheim (p. 226), in 
 the middle of which a road to the right ascends through well-kept 
 grounds , passing (1/4 hr.) a ruined Monastery (a few paces to the
 
 230 Route 3]. REICHENBACH. Odenwald. 
 
 right), with some tombstones of 1480 in the wall. (Near the mon- 
 astery is the 'Centlinde', an old lime-tree marking the place of 
 meeting of a 'Centgericht', or Court of a Hundred; in front of it 
 is the cross mentioned at p. 226). Beyond the monastery the route 
 soon reaches the (7 min.) chateau of HelUgenherg (p. 22G). We 
 next ascend to the right tlirough the grounds, and, at tlie finger- 
 post indicating the way |" Wilhelminenweg^ ) to the Felsherg, turn to 
 the left round the hill, whence a pleasing glimpse of the chateau 
 and the plain of the Rhine is obtained. In 1^2 hr. from Jngen- 
 heim we reach the Felsberg (1G90 ft.; *Hotel Felsherg, pens. 4 .//; 
 Restaurant at the Forester's^ The view to the H embraces a great 
 part of the Odenwald, and extends to the Spessart and Aschaffenbtirg. 
 About '/4 M. from the forester's house lies the Altarstein, a 
 block of syenite, nearly cubic in form, bearing traces of an attempt 
 to hew it into lengths for a huge architrave ; lower down, in a small 
 gully, is the ^Riesensdule\ a column of the same material, 30 ft. in 
 leugtl), and 3-41/2 It- thick, with a notch ly^ inch deep in the 
 middle. There is no doubt that an old Roman quarry once existed 
 here, which perhaps also furnished the columns on the Schloss- 
 brunnen at Heidelberg (p. 239). The Felsenmeer ['sea of rocks'), 
 on the side of the road, near the Riosensaule, consists of rounded 
 blocks of syenite scattered in huge and confused masses, covering an 
 area of 500 paces by 200. 
 
 The path now descends rapidly to Beichenbach (Traube), a vill- 
 age on the Lauterhach, 27-) M. from the Felsberg, and 41/2 M. to the 
 N.E. of Bensheim(p. 228). 
 
 We cross the brook here , and follow the high-road which 
 leads up the valley to Lindenfels, but quit it after ^/^M., and 
 ascend a path to the right, past some old copper-mines, to the 
 [10 min.) Jlohenstein, a group of quartzose rocks commanding a very 
 pleasing prospect. After 5 min. more, we ascend to the left, then 
 (25 mill. ) pass some houses of Vnier-Eaidelbach, and near Gadern- 
 heim (1215 ft.) return to the above-mentioned main road (I/4 hr.), 
 which is not again to be quitted. 
 
 About '/2 M- from the point where we regain the high-road, we 
 pass throiigh the hamlet of Kolmbach (1380 ft. ; wine at Schmidt's 
 Inn), and about 3/^ M. farther on reach a group of trees with a 
 bench, whence a remarkably fine view is enjoyed. 
 
 The road now leads through beech - wood , interspersed with 
 boulders of granite, to (21/2 M.) Lindenfels (^'Harfe; ^Uessisches 
 Haus ; Kursaal; Odenwald), a favourite summer -resort (1000 iji- 
 hab.), the finest point in the Odenwald, with a conspicuous modern 
 Prot. church and an older Rom. Cath. church, picturesquely situated 
 on an eminence. It is commanded by a large ruined Oliateau, form- 
 erly the property of the Palatinate. The old town -gates are still 
 extant. 
 
 On the beautiful wooded mountain 1 M. to the E. is the *Lud-
 
 Odemcald. BIRKENAU. 31. Route. 231 
 
 wiyshbhe, a small temple commanding a line view, especially pictur- 
 esque by evening light. Towards tl)e E., the prospect is more exten- 
 sive from a point 1/4 ^^- higher up. 
 
 From Lindenfels to Bensheim [p. 228), 11 M., diligence twice 
 daily in 2 hrs. (in the reverse direction nearly 3 hrs.). 
 
 Fkom LnfDEXFELS TO "Weixheiii, a drive of 21/2 hrs. (carr. 10-12 Jf) 
 ]>y the high-road tlirough the valley of the Weschnitz. Pedestrians should 
 descend to the S. of Liclitenfels ; after 10 min. the path leads to the left 
 through wood, and in 25 min. more, over a slight, lir-clad eminence ; 
 10 min., Fiirth (Lotee), a small town on the Weschnitz, through the valley 
 of which the road winds. Diligence from Fiirth to Weinheim, once daily, 
 passing (,3 JU.) Rimbach (Kic. Oeist), (.iJ M.) MiJrlenhach (Krone), (21/4 M.) 
 Jieissen^ and (21/* M.) Eirkenau (Reinig zum Bivkenauer Thai), one of the 
 prettiest spots in the valley, with the chateau and park of Baron von 
 Wambolt. — 21/* 31. Weinheim, see p. 22S. 
 
 Travellers deairous of spending several days in the Odenwald should 
 proceed from Fiirth (see above) in a S. E. direction to the (li/a hr.) Dromm, 
 by a footpath which can hardly be mistaken (safer to take a guide). The 
 Dromm (Irfoo ft.), one of the highest points of the Odenwald, commands 
 an extensive view (belvedere on the top). We then proceed to the S., 
 passing several hovels, and at the point where the path enters an oak- 
 plantation descend to the right to Gadern. Hence the route leads through 
 a pleasant valley to WaldmicnelbachCZij?^; Odenwald: Starkenburg),a, small 
 tuwn with 2100 inhab., 41/2 M. from the Dromm, 9 M. from Lindenfels, 
 and 14 M from Weinheim (by Oberabsteinach and Birkenau). 
 
 (About 6 M. to the N. lies Grasellenbach (Bauer), in the wood on the 
 hill above which (V2hr.) is a spring, popularly supposed to be the spot 
 where Siegfried was slain by Hagen, as narrated in the Nibelungen-Lied'.] 
 
 From Waldmicheibach we follow the high-road to Ober-Schonmatten- 
 tcay, and then descend the grassy valley of the La£ by Untiv-Schonmatten- 
 wag, Corsika, Heddesbach, and Lanrjenth'al to (iOV2 31.) HirschhornJ.-^. 242). 
 
 Another road leads from Waldmicheibach by Hiedelsbrunn and Ileilig- 
 kreuzsteinach to (12 M.) Schonau (Z/Owe), an old town standing on the ruins 
 of a once rich and celebrated Cistercian monastery, founded in 1136, and 
 presented in 1560 by Elector Palatine Frederik ill. to some French 
 refugees, who built the village. The church of the monastery was destroyed 
 during the Thirty Years" War; the present Protestant Church was formerly 
 the refectory. From Heiligkreuzsteinach a pretty forest-path leads by the 
 ^cfirieshenu'i-hof and the '■Hochstrasfe'' to (4 hrs.) Heidelberg (p. 2r54). — - 
 From 8chonau we may proceed through the romantic valley of the >Stei- 
 nach to to M.) .\ eckarsleinach (p, 242), or to the W., across the wooded 
 hill, to (31/2 M.) Ziegelhamen (p. Oil) and thence to (3 M.) Heidelberg (p. 2.:i4). 
 
 b. Eastern Portion. 
 
 ffestische Ludwigsbahn. Fbom Frankfort to Ebeebach, 66 M., in 
 2»/2-3V2 hrs. (fares S Jl QU, 5.70, 3.70 pf.). — From Darmstadt to Wiebels- 
 HACii, 17 M., in 1 hr. (fares 2 J( 40, 1.60, IJt)-, at Wiebelsbach the two 
 lines unite. 
 
 Frankfort, see p. 202; departure from the E. station. — 3 M. 
 Mainkur. About 2 M. to the N., on the hill, is Bergen (Zur Schonen 
 Aussicht, a garden restaurant), a favourite resort of the Frankforters. 
 The Bergener Warte is a good point of view ; to the right, on the 
 other side of the Main, are the village and chateau of Rumpenheim. 
 — 6M. Hochstadt-Ddmigheim i 9M. WUhelmshad, a favourite res^ort 
 of the Frankforters.
 
 232 Rmte 31. REICHELSHEIM. Odenwald. 
 
 10 M. Hanau, W. station; 11 M. Hanau, E. station, the junc- 
 tion for the express-trains from Frankfort and Stuttgart to Berlin. 
 Hanau (Adler; Riese ; *Ostbahn Restaurant), situated near the con- 
 fluence of the Kinzig and the Main, is a pleasant-looking town with 
 25,000 inhab. and flourishing manufactures of gold lace and tobacco. 
 In the Neustiidter Marktplatz a monument has been erected to the 
 brothers Grimm, who were born here (1785 and 1786). On the Main 
 lies the chateau of Philippsruhe, belonging to the Landgrave of Hesse. 
 
 The Odenwald railway now turns to the S. and crosses theMain. 
 — 13 M. Klein- Auheim; 14 M. Hainstadt. — 17 M. Seligenstadt, a 
 small town with 3700 inhab., receiving its name from a celebrated 
 abbey founded about 827 by Einhard, the biographer of Charlemagne. 
 The church has been entirely modernised in appearance, but the 
 greater part of the nave still dates from the Carlovingian epoch. 
 
 231/2 M. Babenhausen, the junction of the Darmstadt and 
 Aschaflfenburg railway. The Lutheran church, an edifice in the 
 Transition style with a late-Gothic choir and aisle, contains some 
 interesting monuments of the counts of Hanau and a late-Gothic 
 carved altar of 1518. — 26 M. Langstadt ; 28 M. Klein- Umstadt ; 
 30 M. Gross-Umstadt ; 33 M. Wiehelsbach-Heuhach (see below). 
 
 Darmstadt, see p. 223. Beyond (5 M.) Rosenhohe (p. 226), to 
 the E. of Darmstadt, the line traverses extensive woods. — 5Y2 M. 
 Nieder - Ramstadt - Traisa , places much visited from Darmstadt. 
 — 772 ^I- Ob er- Ramstadt ; 1272^- Reinheim (528 ft.), an old town 
 with 1700 inhab., on the Gersprenz. 
 
 From Reinheim to Reighelsheim, 11 M., railway in abuut 1 hr. (fares 
 1 Jl 10, 75 pf.). The line follows the busy Oerspremthal. — 11 M. 
 Keichelsheim (755 it. ; "Engel; ' FoU), a prettily-situated village, commanded 
 by the ruin of Reichenberg (1060 ft.)- In a sequestered hilly and wooded 
 region, 1/2 hr. to the N. of this point, rises the ruined castle of Rodenstein, 
 from which, according to the popular legend, when a war is about to break 
 out, the wild huntsman and his train gallop with fearful din to the castle of 
 Schnellerts, 4 M. to the E. — From Reichelsheim to Linden/els (p. 230), 4V2M. 
 
 I0V2 M. Lengfeld (660 ft.; Krone). At the top of the Otzberg 
 (1256 ft. ; 40 min.), round which lies the little town of Hering 
 ('Hoh'ring'), is the old castle of that name, with a massive tower 
 (extensive view). 
 
 171/2 M. Wiebelsbach-Heubach, where the line unites with that 
 from Frankfort (see above). 
 
 3672 M. (from Frankfort) Hochst (520ft. ; Zur Post ; BurgBreu- 
 herg\ a town with 1900 inhab., lies in the valley of the Mumling, 
 which the train now ascends to Erbach. 
 
 About 2V2 M. lower down the pleasant Miimlingthal (diligence twice 
 a day) lies Neustadt (Zum Ochsen), above which rises the imposing, partly 
 ruined castle of Breubevg (10(X) ft. \ restaurant). — From Neustadt to 
 Worth (see below), 71/2 M. 
 
 ^'dU.Mumling-Grumbach; 401/2 M. K'onig-, 4272 M. Zell-Kirch- 
 brombach. We next pass the village of Steinbach, with a ruined mon- 
 astery, the church of which, founded in 821 by Einhard (see below),
 
 Odenwald. MICHELSTADT. 37. Route 233 
 
 is still tolerably preserved; then Schloss Fiirstenau, partly built be- 
 fore 1270, -with four towers and a shady park, which has been the 
 seat of the Counts of Erbach-Fiirstenau since the 14th century. 
 
 45M.Miclielstadt(^885ft.; Hotel Friedrich ; Filrstenauer Hof\ a 
 town with 3000 inhab., the capital of the Odenwald, mentioned in 
 history as early as 741, lies in one of the prettiest parts of theMiim- 
 lingthal. The late-Goth. Parish Churchy commenced by Einhard 
 about 827, has a well preserved crypt. The Kathhaus and some other 
 buildings are interesting examples of timber -architecture. The 
 Market Fountain dates from 1541. A few relics of the old fortiflca- 
 tionss till exist. Near both the town and the station is Dr. Scharfen- 
 berg's Hydropathic Establishment {R. 5-25 , board 20-25 J/ per week). 
 
 From Micbelstadt a ruad ascends to the E., passing Dorf Erhach and 
 (4V2 M.) Count Erbach s shooting-box Eiilbach, with is line deer-park, to 
 Amorbach ( Badischer Ho/; Post), a town with 250U inhabitants. It is the 
 residence of Prince Leiningen, and contains a suppressed Benedictine abbey, 
 with a library, the buildings of which chiefly date from last century. 
 Excursion, via Ernstthal (Inn), to Wald- Leiningen, a modern chateau in 
 the English-Gothic style, with a line deer-park. A pleasant walk may also 
 be taken viii Katzenhach and ihe^ Katzenhuckel (p. 243) to Eberbach (p. 242). 
 
 From Amoebacu to Miltenherg, 51/2 M., railway in 1/2 hr, (fares 50, 
 30 pf.). — 13/4 M. Weilhach (Engel). 
 
 5V2 M. Miltenberg (Engel; Riese), a busy little town with 3500 inhab., 
 charmingly situated on the Main, with extensive quarries of red sand- 
 stone, which were known to the Romans. The old Chateau of the Electors 
 of Mayence, built in the loth cent, and destroyed by Albert of Branden- 
 burg in 1552, has been recently restored, and contains a fine collection of 
 antiquities and objects of art (visitors admitted); it commands an ad- 
 mirable view. The town contains several curious timber-dwellings (e. g» 
 the 'Riese' Inn) and gate-towers. — Opposite Miltenberg lies the Franciscan 
 monastery of Engelsherg, another good point of view. 
 
 From Miltenberg to Aschaffexbirg, 22V2 M., railway in 1 hr. 10 min. 
 — 1^/4 M. Klein-Heuhach (Adler), with the chateau and beautiful park of 
 Prince Lowenstein. The chapel of the chateau is decorated with admirable 
 frescoes by E. Steinle. In the woods, iV2M. to theS. of Kleinheubach and 
 about the same distance from Miltenberg, are the so-called Hain- or 
 Hunnen-Sdulen ('columns of the Huns'), twelve gigantic columns of syenite, 
 the remains of a quarry of the Koman period, which appears to have 
 been suddenly abandoned. 
 
 4 M. Laudiubach ; 6 31. Klingenhcrg ; V/i M. Worl/i, see Baedeker's 
 Southern Germany. 
 
 47 M. Erbach (81 5 ft. ; *Zum Odenwald; Schiitzenhof ; Adler, un- 
 pretending), a town with 3000inhab., situated in theMlimlingthal, 
 is the principal place in the dominions of Count Erbach. The Schloss, 
 rebuilt in the Renaissance style in the 16th cent, on the site of a 
 very ancient castle, and partly restored in the 18th cent., contains 
 an interesting collection of armour, old fire-arms, valuable stained 
 glass of the 13-17th cent., Etruscan vases, and a number of other 
 antiquities (catalogue from door-keeper 50 pf.). In the court is a 
 statue of Count Franz von Erbach (d. 1823), the founder of the 
 collections. In the chapel is shown the stone Sarcophagus which 
 once contained the remains of Einhard (see above) and his wife 
 P^mma, brought from the church of Seligenstadt in 1810 (fee 75 pf.). 
 
 The train now crosses the Miimling and gradually ascends the
 
 234 Route 32. HEIDELBERG. Hotels. 
 
 E. side of the valley, high above the river. Near (51 '/2 M.) Hetz- 
 bach-Beerfelden it traverses the Himbdchel Viaduct , b'25 It. long 
 and 145 ft. liigh. The line penetrates the KrdUbery by a tunnel 
 3400 yds. in length, and follows the winding course of the Jtter- 
 hac.h. 55 M. Sckblienhach ; 58 M. KaUbach} 61 7.2 M. Gaimulde 
 (to theKatzenbuckel II/4 hr., see p. 243); 06M. jB6cr6ac/i, seep. 24'2. 
 
 fi2. Heidelberg and the Valley of the Neckar. 
 
 The Railway Station (365 It,; 'lieslauiiintj is on (he W. side of the 
 town. The quick trains alone have tlirough-carriages. 'The railway which 
 ascends the iS'eckarthal has a second station at the Carlsthor; see p. 241. 
 
 Hotels. Near the iStatiou : Europaisuhek JIof (.1*1. a), in the Leopold-Str., 
 with garden, U., L., & A. from 3, B. 1, D. at 1 p.m. 31/2, at 5 p.m. 4 Jl^ 
 board at a prolonged stay 6 M •■, 'GRANn Hotel, R., ].., & A. from 3, B. 1.2U, 
 1). dJl:, 'Hotel rfcHRiEUER (PI. bj, K., L., & A. Irom 3, i). '6 Jl^ the last 
 two near the station; '^Victoria (PI. f), in the Leopold-Str., R. 21/2-3 ^, 
 L. 50, A. 6U, B. 1.2U, board 6 Jl \ DARsiSTiKDTER Hof (PI. i), at the entrance 
 to the town, li., L., 6i A. 13/4-2'/a jU, B. 1, \). 2«/2, pens, with R. 41/2-51/2 ^-i 
 well spoken of. — *Bairisoher Hof (PI. h), at the station, it., L., & A. 
 
 1 JfTUpf. — Second-class: Wiener Hof, Hanpt-Strasse 11; Nassauer 
 Hof, Plock-Str. — In the Town (I 51. from the station): ^^Peinz Carl 
 (PI. c), in the Kornmarkt B. 1.20, I). 'd^jiJl; Adler (PI. d), also in the 
 Kornmarkt, R., L., & A. 21/2, B. 1, i). 21/2 Jl^ with restaur. — Second-class : 
 Ritter (PI. k; p. 23t!): Hotel Perkeo, Haupt-Sir. 75; Hotel-Cafe Natio- 
 nal, Haupt-Str. 77; Baoisoher Hof, Haupt-Str. 213; Zahuinger Hof, 
 ilaupt-Str. 28. — On the JJill, Ueaide the Castle: •Schloss-Hotel (p. 210) 
 commanding a line view, 1st class. R. 2-4, in summer 2'/2-5, L. 50, A. 60 pf., 
 D. 31/2-4 jSf; omn. at the station II/4 Jl (incl. luggage); 'Hotel-Pens. 
 Belevue, pens, with R. 7-9 Jl--, a little farther, on the Wolfsbrunnen 
 toad, SoiiLOSSFARK-HoTEL, with Restaurant and Pension. 
 
 i'ensions. 'Lang's Private Hotel^ near the station, R. 2-3, B. 1, D. 21/2, 
 pens, with R. 4-7 Jl; Pension Anjlaise (Miss Abrahams), Anlage 49; 
 Pens. Jntrrnationale [Mrs. lloffman\ Anlage 18 and 20; Frau Caemmerer., 
 Anlagco; Frau v. Mailer, Haupt-Str. 248, etc. 
 
 Restaurants and Cafes. JIdberlein, with a ladies' room, Leopold-Str., 
 in the Anlage (p. 235); Ca/e Wachter, in the Markt; Adler (see above). 
 Restaurants at the Schloss, the Jlolkencur, and the Philosophenhohc 
 (pp.240, 241). Beer at the 'Restaurant Perkeo, see aliove ; zum llodensfeiner, 
 Sandgasse; Miinchner Kindly Haupt-Str. 24, etc. 
 
 Cabs. (Ail with two horses.) To or from the Railway Stations, or 
 for a drive within the town , or beyond the bridges to Neuenheim and 
 the llirschgasse: 1 pers. 60, 2 pers. 90, 3 pers. 1^5,4 pers. 1 Jl 20 jpf. ; 
 between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. double fares; each heavy box 20 pf. — By 
 time: per hour 2Jl, 2 Jl 20, or 2 Jl &i pf. — To the Castle (direct) 1-2 pers. 
 
 2 Jl 50, 3-4 pers. 3, there and back .1-4 pers. 4 Jl; Schloss-Eoiel 3 ^ 30; 
 Castle and Molkencur 5, there and back" 6 jA ; Castle, Molkencnr., and Wolfs- 
 brunnen, (ii/2 or 8 Jl-, Castle, Molkencnr, Konigsstuhl, and Wolfsbrunnen, 
 13 or 26 V2 Jl, return-fare y4th or i/sth more. 
 
 Tramway from the principal station by the Ilanpt-Strasse and Korn- 
 markt (station of the castle railway) to the Carlsthor station, every 6min. 
 (tare 10-15 pf.) ; branch-lines to the Berglieimer-Strasse and to the Cemetery. 
 
 "^ire Kope Railway from the Kornmarkt (p. 2:17) to the Castle in 3 min. 
 (station 75 yds. fr<jm the entrance) and to the Molken<tir in 3 min. more 
 (return-fare to the Schloss Station V2, to the Molkencnr 1 Jl). Trains 
 run every '/2 hr. in summer and as required in winter. 
 
 Steam Tramway to Weinheim see p. 22U; to Mannheim (14 Jl in 
 about 2 hrs), via Wivblimje^i, Edingeit., Seckejihnm .(both starting from the 
 Bismarck-Platz) ; to Wieslorh (p. 311) and to Neckar (jemUnd (p. 242; botli 
 from the Rail. Station).
 
 
 
 © g:>:
 
 Church of St. Peter. HEIDELBERG. 32. Route. 235 
 
 Baths. Warm baths at - JJaller^s Badeansialt, in the Plock-Strasse ; 
 river-baths in the Ncckar, between the bridges. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Office, opposite the station-, Town Post Office, 
 Marstall-Strasse 6, to the X. of the Ludwigs-Platz. — Railway Ticket Offices 
 in the Prinz Carl Hotel and the Europiiischer Hof. 
 
 Photographs of the Castle, etc., at E. v. Konig^s, Schlossweg, L. Mcder's, 
 Ilaupt-Str. 1( 8, Eitg. Mignin's. Haupt-Strasse 193, etc. 
 
 English Church, Plock-Strasse 46 (300 seats) ; services at 8 a.m., 11 a.m., 
 and 5.^ p.m. Chaplain, Rev. Alfred Gray., Kaiser-Str. 7. 
 
 Principal Attractions. If time be limited, proceed at once by the 
 Mountain Kailway (p. 234) to the Molkencur (p. 240) and back by the same 
 route to the Castle (p. 23i). From the Castle we may then descend by the 
 liurgweg or the new dchloss-Strasse (see below), and walk along the Haupt- 
 Strasse to the (20 min.) station. Or we m;iy make a pleasant detour by des- 
 cending from the Heilig-Geistkirche to the Old Neckar Bridge., and then 
 following the right bank to the New Bridge, which crosses to the station. 
 
 Few towns can vie with Heidelberg in the beauty of its en- 
 virons and its historical interest. Count Palatine Otho of Wittelsbach 
 (1228-53) transferred the seat of his government from Stahleck, 
 near Bacharach , to Heidelberg, which thus became the capital of 
 the Palatinate, and continued so for nearly live centuries, until the 
 Elector Charles Philip in 1721, owing to ecclesiastical differences 
 with the Protestant citizens, transferred his seat to Mannheim. 
 Since 1802 Heidelberg has belonged to the grand-duchy of Baden. 
 The town, which now contains 32,000 inhab. (10,000 Roman Catlio- 
 lics), forms the key of the mountainous valley of the Neckar, 
 which opens here into the plain of the Rhine. The castlc-hill 
 leaves but little space between its base and the river for the 
 farther extension of the town, which, apart from the new quarters 
 near the station and at Neuenheim (p. 241), consists of the so- 
 called Haupt-Strasse, a street about 172^- long, with a few unim- 
 portant cross and parallel streets. On the N. side flows the Neckar, 
 
 On the 8. side of the town, extending from the Station (PI. B, 
 C, 6) along the Leopold- Strasse, runs the Anlage, or public 
 promenade, planted with trees, and flanked with modern hotels 
 and handsome dwelling-houses. Near the centre of the Anlage, and 
 near the Chemical Laboratory {Fl. i) built in 1852, is a Statue of the 
 Bavarian Field Marshal Prince Carl v. Wrede (PI. 2: 1767-1838) 
 by Brugger, erected in 1860 by Lewis I., King of Bavaria. 
 
 Near the E. end of the Anlage, on the left, is the Protestant 
 Church of St. Peter (PI. 3), built at the end of the 15th cent, 
 and lately restored, with a fine open-work Gothic tower. — Op- 
 posite, on the other side of the railway, is the K ling enthor (see 
 p. 240 ), near which a bust was erected in 18S0 in memory of Karl 
 Metz (d. 1877), founder of the German volunteer fire-brigade system. 
 From this point the winding Neue Schloss-Strasse, commanding a 
 fine view, and the shorter but less agreeable old road (the 'Schlosp- 
 berg") ascend to the entrance of the Schlossgarten at the Elisa- 
 beth-Pforte (see p. 239). 
 
 Turning to the left at the choir of St. Peter's Church, we reach
 
 236 Route 32. HEIDELBERG. University. 
 
 the Lud-vnigs-Platz, with the University Buildings (PI. 4), erected 
 in 1711-15. 
 
 The University (in winter about 1000, in summer 1200 stud.), 
 the famous Ruperto-Carola^ the cradle of science in S. Germany, 
 and after the universities of Prague and Vienna the oldest in Ger- 
 many, was founded in 1386 by Elector Rupert I. Its period of 
 greatest prosperity was in the latter half of the 16th, and the be- 
 ginning of the 17th cent., when, under Electors Otho Henry, Fred- 
 erick III., and Frederick IV., it was the centre of 'Humanism', 
 and the chief Reformed seat of learning in Germany. During the 
 stormy times of the Thirty Years' War and the devastation of the 
 Rhenish Palatinate by the French it survived with difficulty. It 
 is indebted for its modern development to Charles Frederick of 
 Baden, who in 1804 provided it with eminent professors and scien- 
 tific collections. In the summer of 1886 the five-hundredth anni- 
 versary of the foundation of the university was celebrated with 
 great ceremony. The aula, which was restored on this occasion, 
 deserves a- visit (apply to the janitor). 
 
 The Library, in a separate building, contains 400,000 vols., SOOOMSS., 
 and 1500 ancient documents. It is open daily 10-12 and 2-4 (from May to 
 August 3-5). Scarcely one-third of the MSS. in the famous Bibliotheca Pa- 
 latina, which was transferred to Eome as a present from the Elector Maxi- 
 milian of Bavaria after the capture of Heidellierg by Tilly, have been re- 
 turned. (Thirty-eight were restored in 1814, and eight hundred and thirty- 
 eight in 1816, including some original MSS. of Luther.) A number of 
 MSS. (many with miniatures, including the 'Manesse' Minnesanger MS.), 
 autographs, documents, incunabula, and portraits, are exhibited on the 
 ground-Door, to the left ; adm. gratis on Wed. 2-4 (summer 3-5), on other 
 week-days for 50 pf. (30 pf. for each member of a party) •, application is 
 made in the lending room on the first floor. 
 
 The Museum (PI. 5), the property of a club, is also situated in 
 the Ludwigs-Platz. The third floor contains the Exhibition of the 
 Art Union, in which Rottmann, Feuerbach, Fries, and other Heidel- 
 berg artists are well represented (adm. on Sun & Wed. 11-1, 50 pf.; 
 at other times by fee to the attendant). 
 
 The Jesuitenkirche (PI. 7), dating from the beginning of the 
 18th cent., has lately been decorated with fine polychrome orna- 
 mentation by Mayerhauser of Carlsruhe, and with a new marble 
 pulpit by Steinhauser. 
 
 In the Market Place (380ft.) rises the Gothic Stiftskirche, or 
 Heilig-Geistkirche (PI. 8), erectedat the beginningof the 15th cent, 
 under CountPalatine Rupert. In 1705the Roman Catholic Count Pala- 
 tine Johann Wilhelm caused the nave (lately restored) to be separated 
 from the choir by a wall (now removed), in order that the Roman 
 Catholics might worship in the latter (now used by the 'Old Catho- 
 lics'), while the Protestants retained the nave. The choir contains 
 the tomb of King Rupert (see p. 237) and his wife Elizabeth, sister of 
 the first Elector of Brandenburg. — Opposite the church is the inn 
 Zum Ritter (PI, k), erected in 1592 in the style of the Otto Hein- 
 richs-Bau (p. 238), almost the only house which escaped destruction
 
 Castle. HEIDELBERG. 32. Route. 237 
 
 in 1693. — A few paces hence is the old Necknr Bridge (p. 241). 
 — The last of the side-streets to the right of the Market Place is 
 the Oberbad-Gasse, from the end of which we may reach the new 
 KoAD TO THB Castlb (p. 235). — The station of the WiRB-RorB 
 Railway to the Castlb (p. 234) is in theneighhouring Kornmarkt, 
 beside the 'Prinz Carl' Hotel. — Pedestrians cross the Kornmarkt 
 diagonally to the right, and ascend the Burgweg, which leads in 
 12 min. (passing under a long vaulted gateway near the top) to the 
 great balcony and the court of the castle (p. 238); or they ascend 
 the Friesenberg, diverging from the Haupt-Strasse to the right near 
 the E. end of the town (tramway station), and proceed then either 
 to the left by the Karmeliterwaldchen, or to the right along the 
 castle hill (the former path shady in the morning, the latter in the 
 afternoon). 
 
 The ** Castle (640 ft.), situated on the 'Jettenbiihl', a wooded 
 spur of the Konigsstuhl, was founded by the Count Palatine Ru- 
 dolph I. (1294-1319), who erected his new chateau (now entirely 
 vanished) below the old castle on the Jettenbiihl (p. 240). A 
 more imposing building was erected by Rupert III. (1398-1410), 
 who was elected Roman king at Rhens in 1400. The castle was 
 then enlarged and strongly fortified by the electors Frederick I. 
 'the Victorious' (1449-76), and Lewis V. (1508-44). The palatial 
 parts of the edifice were afterwards erected by the electors of the 16th 
 and 17th cent., particularly Otto Heinrich (1556-59), Frederick IV. 
 (1583-1610), and Frederick V. (1610-21), King of Bohemia (hus- 
 band of Elizabeth, daughter of James 1. of England). In 1622, when 
 Heidelberg was taken by Tilly, the castle escaped almost uninjured. 
 It was afterwards restored by Carl Ludwig (1632-80), during whose 
 reign the country also recovered from the other disasters of the 
 Thirty Years' War. After the death of Carl (in 1685), the last 
 Protestant Elector, Louis XIV. preferred a claim to the Pala- 
 tinate, and began the cruel and destructive war which involved the 
 Castle of Heidelberg and so many others in one common ruin. On 
 24th Oct. 1688 the town and castle capitulated to Count Melac, 
 the French general, who spent the following winter here. On the 
 approach of the German armies, however, he determined to evacuate 
 the place, and on 2nd March, 1689, he caused the whole of the 
 fortifications to be blown up , the palace to be burned down, and 
 part of the town to be set on fire. Those parts of the castle and 
 town which escaped the French on this occasion were destroyed 
 by them four years afterwards. Thirty or forty years later the 
 greater part of the castle was rebuilt by the Elector Carl Theodor 
 (1716-1742), but in 1764 it was struck by lightning and finally 
 reduced to the ruinous condition in which we see it at present. 
 
 The walls of the castle are of vast extent, and form the most mag- 
 nificent ruin in Germany. The ivy-clad ruins are moreover linked 
 with innumerable historical associations , and the striking contrast
 
 238 Route 32. HEIDELBERG. Castle. 
 
 here presented between the eternal rejuvenescence of nature and 
 the instability of the proudest of human monuments has called forth 
 m;my a poetic effusion. As the external walls fwith the exception 
 of that on the N. side, facing the town and the Neckar) served 
 chiefly for purposes of defence, all architectural ornament was re- 
 served for the inner fa(;ade towards the *Schlosshof, or castle-yard. 
 Tickets admitting to the interior of the Schloss are procured at the 
 corner marked G in the plan: charge, including the 'Great Tun", for 
 I pers. 1 J(, 2 pers. IV2 M, 3 pers. or more 50 pf. each. Visitors are 
 conducted over the Otto-Heinrichs-Bau, ascend the octagonal tower, pass 
 from the K«prechts-Bau by the extensive, partly subterranean passages to 
 the 'Thick To\ver\ and lastly inspect the castle-chapel, which contains 
 sculptural and architectural fragments of the Roman and later periods, 
 and the cellar. Charge for seeing the 'Great Tun' only, for 1 pers. 20, two 
 or three pers. 30, more than three pers. 10 pf. each. Comp. the Plan, p. 235. 
 
 The *Otto HeinricJis-Bau, erected in 1556, the finest example 
 of the German early-Eenaissance style, first attracts the eye and 
 merits careful inspection. The facade, partly of the Ionic and 
 partly of the Corinthian order, rises in three stories above a 
 lofty cellar floor, and is richly adorned with beautiful sculpturing. 
 The cornice of the portal, to which a double flight of steps 
 ascends, is supported by Caryatides. Above it is the bust of the 
 founder, the Elector Otto Heinrich , with armorial bearings and 
 inscription. In the niches of the facade are a number of statues 
 by A, Colins of Malines, all having a symbolical meaning of a 
 pronounced Kenaissanee character. In the four lower niches are 
 Joshua, Samson, Hercules, and David, the representatives of strength 
 and courage, the foundations on which a princely house rests ; in 
 the middle niches, allegorical figures of Strength, Justice, Faith, 
 Charity, and Hope, the virtues which adorn a princely family ; in 
 the upper niches, Saturn, Mars, Venus, Mercury, Diana, Apollo, and 
 Jupiter, or the seven gods of the planets, symbolising the higher 
 powers, who rule the destinies of all. In the window-arches are 
 medallions of the heads of eminent men of antiquity. 
 
 The *Friedrichs-Bau, erectet in 1601-7 from Jch. Schoch's 
 designs, is an imposing building in the late-Kennaissance style, 
 and consists of four stories (Doric, Tuscan, Ionic, and Corinthian). 
 In ornamentation it is inferior to the Otto Heinrichs-Bau, which 
 it perhaps surpasses in structural grandeur. In the niches are 
 16 admirable statues of Charlemagne, Otho of Wittelsbach, and 
 the Counts Palatine down to Frederick IV. — Between the Otto 
 Heinrichs-Bau and the Friedriclisbau is the Saalbau or Neue Hof, 
 showing a quaint mixture of Gothic and Kenaissanee forms. 
 
 ^In the corner letwesn the Saalbau and the Friedrichsbau {?ee PI. G) 
 is "the entrance to the Municipal Collection of Art and Antiquities (adm. 
 40 pf., family-tickets for large pyrties; cat;ilogue 80 pf.), containing por- 
 traits of Palatine princes, statesmen, generals, and professors; documents, 
 coins, relics, weapons, ornaments; views of the castle at different periods; 
 a cork model of the castle; a relief-plan of the environs of Heidelberg, etc. 
 Beneath is the ^chlosskirc/ie. containing a collection of stone monuments 
 from Heidelberg and the neighbourhood.
 
 Castle. HEIDELBERG. 32. Route. 239 
 
 To the left of the Fried richsbau is the entrance to the Cellak (Pl.K •, adm, 
 see ah(ive), containing the famous Fleidelberg Tun, a monster cask capable 
 of holding 49.000 gallons. The present tun was constructed in 1751 by tho 
 Elector Charles Philip, as the successor to three others, the first of which 
 was erected in 1591 by the Count Pahitine Casimir, the second bv tlie 
 Elector Charles Lewis in 1662, and the third ]>y Charles Philip in '1728. 
 By the tun stands a grotesque wooden figure of Perkeo . co!irt-,i ester of 
 Elector Charles Philip. Another large tun bears humorous inscriptions. 
 A vaulted passage (at PI. K") leads under the Friedrlchsbau to the 
 *BaZcoTij/, constructed'in 1010, which commands a beautiful view 
 (the back of the'Friedrichsbau is here seen to advantage). The foot- 
 path {Burywey ; p. ^37) to the town begins at the base of this 
 platform. 
 
 Adjoining the Friedrlchsbau on the left is the so - called 
 Bandhaus or Konigs-Saal, erected by Lewis V. for the ladies atten- 
 dant to the court, but afterwards altered. Farther back 'is the 
 Library or Archives, usually called the Alte Bau, and farther on 
 the Ruprechtsbau , a simple Gothic structure erected by Rupert 
 III. and rebuilt by Lewis V. The imperial eagle with the arms 
 of the Palatinate recall the elciction of that prince to the sceptre of 
 the Roman kingdom. Over the entrance is a garland of five roses 
 borne by two angels ; the half-open compass is the guild-mark of 
 the sculptor. 
 
 Opposite is a covered Well, with four columns of syenite (from 
 theFelsberg, p. 230), which once adorned the palace of Charlemagne 
 at Ingelheim, and were brought here by Count Palatine Ludwig. 
 
 Passing through the gateway under the Great Watch Toxver 
 and crossing the bridge over the castle - moat , we reach the 
 Schloss-Gartbn, laid out in 1S04 on the ruins of the fortifications, 
 and used as a nursery of forest-trees in connection with the uni- 
 versity. These pleasant grounds contain many different species of 
 pines. 
 
 To the right, near the W. entrance to the garden, at the end of 
 the new road to the Castle (pp. 235, 237), and near the station of 
 the cable-railway (p. 234) is the Elisabeth- Pforte, erected by Fred- 
 erick V. in honour of his consort (p. 237). This gateway forms the 
 entrance to the Stiickgarten, an old bastion, which together with 
 the corner-tower, the so-called Dicke Thunn, defended the castle 
 on the W. side. A tablet here commemorates the visits of Goethe 
 and Marianne Willemer ('Suleika') in 1815. Between the Dicke 
 Thurm and the Friedrlchsbau is the EnylischeBau, or Elisabeihbau, 
 which was also erected by Frederick V. 
 
 The 'Gesprenyte Thurm' (blown -up tower), or Pulver Thurm, 
 at the S.E. angle of the castle , in the fosse to the left of the 
 exit from the court, is of masonry so solid that, when the French 
 blew it up in 1693, one-half became detached and fell in an un- 
 broken mass into the moat, where it still remains. The tower is 
 93 ft. in diameter, the walls 21 ft. thick; beneath it are long case- 
 mated passages. It was near this spot that Matthison composed his
 
 240 Route 32. HEIDELBERG. Molkencur. 
 
 fine 'Elegie in deii Ruiuen eines alteu Bergschlosses', an imitation 
 of Gray's famous 'Elegy in a Country Churchyard'. 
 
 One of the finest points in the Schloss-Garten is the * Great 
 Terrace to the N.E. , constructed in 1613, commanding a beautiful 
 view of the castle itself. Between the castle and the terrace is a 
 Restaurant , where a band generally plays on summer afternoons. 
 
 Behind the terrace is the Schloss-HOtel (p. 234 ; 735 ft.). A little higher 
 up is the Hdfel Belleime (p. 234) \ fine view from the terrace. 
 
 About H/z M. farther to the E. is the Wolfsbrunnen (590ft.; Hotel 
 and Pension), once a favourite resort of Frederick V. and his wife Eliza- 
 beth, and celebrated in a sonnet of Martin Opitz, who was a student at 
 Heidelberg in 1619. According to tradition , the enchantress Jetta was 
 here killed by a wolf, whence the name. In the vicinity is the reservoir 
 supplying the water for the town aqueduct. We may then proceed, 
 enjoying a series of pleasant views, to (U/z M.) Schlierbach (p.242), and 
 cross the Neckar to Ziegelhausen (*Adler), a favourite resort of the Heidel- 
 bergers (p. 241), where boats are always ready to lake walkers back to 
 Heidelberg by the river. 
 
 The Route to the Molkbncxtr (20 min. ; railway in 3 min., see 
 p. 234) ascends the steps opposite the Gesprengte Thurm, passes 
 through a small gate, and reaches the road which passes at the back 
 of the castle (finger-post). We may now either ascend by the road 
 or by the zigzag footpath. If we follow the latter we may after a few 
 minutes either diverge by the ' Friesenweg' to the right, Avhere an 
 inscription has been placed to the memory of Ernst Fries (d. 1841), 
 a young painter of Heidelberg , or we may continue to follow the 
 zigzag path. (Several finger-posts.) 
 
 The *Molkencur (987 ft. above the sea-level ; 307 ft. above the 
 castle) is a restaurant which commands an admirable view, and 
 is the only point from which the castle is seen from above. It 
 stands on a spur, near the site of the old castle of the Counts Pala- 
 tine, which was destroyed by an explosion in 1537, and of which 
 few traces are left. It is said to have been inhabited in the 12th 
 cent, by Conrad of Hohenstaufen, brother of Barbarossa (d. 1195). 
 
 A road leads from behind the Molkencur to the S., and after a few 
 yards reaches a point where four roads meet (finger-post). That on the 
 left descends to the Schloss, and the Bismarck-Hohe (view-tower), the one 
 straight on ascends to the Kdnigsstuhl (see below), while that to the right 
 descends to Heidelberg, which it reaches at the Klingenthor (p. 235). From 
 the last, after 1/2 M., a road diverges to the left and ascends in 6 min. to a 
 Bencfi, commanding an excellent view of the upper part of the town and 
 of the Schloss. A few paces farther on is the Kanzel ('pulpit'), a small 
 projecting platform, with a parapet, aftbrding a survey of Heidelberg 
 and the plain. The Eondel (800 ft.), reached hence in 5 min., an open 
 space in front of a covered seat, is also a charming point of view. From the 
 Rondel a broad path (indicated by a guide-post 'nach dem Bahnhof) leads 
 by the Wolfshohle to Heidelberg, emerging at the Victoria Hotel (p. 234 ; 
 PI. C, 5). — Immediately beyond the Rondel is a footpath ascending to 
 the top of the (20 min.) *Geisberg (1230 ft.), the tower on which com- 
 mands one of the finest views near Heidelberg. On the S.W. side is the 
 new Cemetery, in a beautiful situation, containing a crematory. — About 
 i M. from the Geisberg is the Speyerershof (965 ft. -, Inn, pens. 41/2 Jl), a 
 favourite point for a walk. Thence to the Heidelberg station about l^A M. 
 
 The Konigsstuhl (1860 ft.) is reached from the Molkencur by a shady 
 path ('Plattlesweg' ; indicated by a somewhat indistinct guidepost behind
 
 Heiliyenherg. HEIDELBERG. 32. Route. 241 
 
 and to the E. of the Molkencur) in 3/4 lir., or by the carriageroad in 1 hour. 
 The tower on the top, 93 ft. in height, commands a most extensive view 
 of the Rhine, Xeckar, Odenwald, Haardt Mts., Taunus. and the Black Forest 
 a? far as the Mercuriusberg at Baden. — About 1 M. to the S. of the 
 Konigsstuhl is the Kohlhof (14S5t't.; 'Hotel, with 100 beds, baths etc.), 
 a health resort with pleasant shady promenades. The tower at the Posselts- 
 lust (loSOft.), 7 min. to the S.W., commands a good view. 
 
 The handsome Old Bridge over the Neckar, constructed by 
 Elector Charles Theodore in 1786-88, is embellished with statues 
 of the Elector and of Minerva. About 1300 yds. lower down is 
 the handsome *New Bridge. Both bridges command beautiful 
 views. The village of Neuenheim (Krone, Schiff, both with gar- 
 dens) now forms part of Heidelberg. — Steam Tramway to Wein- 
 heim^ via Handschuchsheim, see p. '229. 
 
 On the right bank of the Neckar is the * Philosophenweg (PI. 
 A, 5, 4; Philosophenhohe Restaurant, well spoken of), a beautiful 
 walk extending 2 M. along the slope of the Heiligenberg , chiefly 
 through vineyards , and commanding splendid views of the town, 
 castle, valley, plain of the Rhine with the cathedral of Speyer, and 
 the picturesque outlines of the S. Haardt Mts. A very pleasant 
 walk of about 1 hr. may be taken by ascending the first road to the 
 right beyond Neuenheim, near the new bridge, traversing the Phi- 
 losophenweg , and then descending through the small lateral valley 
 of the Hirschgnsse, past the well-known students' tavern and duel- 
 ling-place of that name, to the Neckar. 
 
 Those who have time should not fail to ascend from the Philo- 
 sophenweg (beyond the quarry to the left) to the (3/4 hr.) Heiligen- 
 berg (1250 ft.), the ancient Mons Piri, a sacrificial station of the 
 Alemanni, where numerous antiquities have been found. The 
 view-tower commands an admirable survey of the Odenwald, 
 the Bergstrasse, and the plain of the Rhine. Adjacent is the 
 Heidenloch, an old cistern. The foundations of the Romanesque 
 Abbey Church of St. Michael were discovered in 1886 on the higher 
 summit to the N. Both summits are surrounded with ring-walls 
 like those on the Altkonig (p. 220), which may easily be traced 
 from the points where they are intersected by the roads. We return 
 to Heidelberg via Handschuchsheim (see above). 
 
 The road ascending the river to Ziegelhausen (p. 240) passes 
 the Restaurants Ickrath, Waldhorn, and Goldener Hirsch, which 
 afford an admirable view of the castle. 
 
 The Valley of the Neckar from Heidelberg to Neckarelz. 
 
 Comp. the Map^ p. 22 7. 
 Railway to Neckakelz, 30 M. in 2V2-3 hrs.; fares ^ Jl 90, 2 Jl 60, 
 i M ^ pf. The station at the Carlsthor (p. 234), li|4 M. from the central 
 station, is connected with the latter by a tunnel passing under the castle. 
 
 As the train quits the Carlsthor station (p. 234), the abbey 
 of Neuburg and the village of Ziegelhausen (p. 240) are seen to 
 Baedeker's Rhine. 12ih Edit. 16
 
 242 Route 32. NECKARGEMUND. 
 
 the left, oil the right bank of the river. Then (2 M.) Schlierbach 
 (Restaurant and Pension Volcker). 
 
 41/2 M.Neckargeiniind (405 ft.; Pfalz, on the Neckar, pens. 
 37-2 ^y/; Hirsch; Kummelbacher Hof^ 1 2 M. below the town; Stadt 
 Athen, Greek wine-room), a pleasant little town with 1865 inhab., 
 at the point where the Neckar is joined by the Elsenz, the valley 
 of which is ascended by the railway to Heilbronn. Walks may be 
 taken to the Bockfelsen, the Tilly-Stein, and the castle of Reichen- 
 stein. — The Neckarthal Railway crosses the Neckar, penetrates a 
 tunnel leading into the valley of Schonau, and reaches — 
 
 8 M. Neckarsteinach (420 ft.; Harfe, with garden on the river; 
 Schwalbennest, also 'pension', opposite the station, at the upper 
 end of the town, well spoken of), a small town with 1500 inhab., in a 
 highly picturesque situation, once the seat of the valiant race of the 
 Steinachs, who became extinct in 1653. The four old castles still 
 bear testimony to their power. The church contains numerous mon- 
 uments of the family, several of whom bore the surname of Land- 
 schaden ('land-scourge'), perhaps from tbe perpetual feuds in wMch 
 they were engaged. One of the castles has been restored in the 
 mediaeval style and surrounded with a park by its present proprietor 
 Baron v. Dorth. The oldest is called Hinterburg or Schadeclc ; while 
 the highest of tbem, the '■Swallow's Nesf, frowns above a deep 
 quarry. A good view of the pleasing valley of the Neckar is obtained 
 from the tower (from Neckarsteinach and back 1 hr.). 
 
 Opposite, on a wooded eminence, rises the castle of Dilsbery 
 (1080 ft.), unsuccessfully besieged by Tilly during the Thirty 
 Years' War. It was used as a state -prison down to the beginning 
 of th.e present century, particularly for Heidelberg students, and the 
 rigour of the confinement is shown by the story that one day "when 
 some strangers, visiting the castle, desired to see the cells, they 
 were told by the officer in command that he could not oblige tliem, 
 as the prisoners were then making a tour in the Odenwald and had 
 taken the keys with them. 
 
 101/2 M. Neckarhausen. — I21/2 M. Hirschhorn (430 ft.; Zum 
 Naturalisten), a small town witb 2000 inhab., lying picturesquely 
 at the foot of the handsome and loftily-situated old Castle of the 
 once powerful, but now extinct barons of Hirschhorn, or Hirzhorn. 
 In 1406 one of the Hirschhorns erected a monastery at the foot 
 of the hill, the chapel of which, in the late-Gothic style, still con- 
 tains many monuments of the family. The Erschheimer Capelle, 
 rising above the river on the right bank, a late - Gothic building 
 of 1517, also contains monuments of the Hirschhorns. Two tunnels 
 are passed through. 
 
 17 M. EberbachL (430 ft.; '^Leininger Hof, pens. 4 Jf., *Krone, 
 both with gardens ; Rail. Restaurant'), an old town with 4900 inhab., 
 belonging to the Prince of Leiningen, and carrying on a brisk trade 
 in timber. From this point we may in 2 hrs. (finger-posts) ascend
 
 SCHWETZINGEN. 3'2. Route. 243 
 
 the Katzenbuckel ('2060 ft.), the highest of the Odenwald Mts., 
 composed of red sandstone, through which diorite protrudes at the 
 top. The tower commands a fine view of the valley of the Neckar, 
 Wurtemberg as far as the Swahian Alb, and the Black Forest. — 
 Railway to Erbach, Hochst, and Darmstadt (or Frankfort), see R. 31. 
 
 Beyond Eberbach the train passes Stolzeneck, on the left bank, 
 the ruins of a castle of the 13th century. — 23 '/o-^- Zwingenberg 
 (480 ft. ; Schiff) , on the right bank , lying close to the river , is 
 commanded by a picturesquely-situated castle of the Grand-Duke 
 of Baden, which was rebuilt in the 16th cent., and has lately been 
 restored and rendered habitable. Five of the eight towers are still 
 preserved. The Katzenbuckel may also be ascended hence (2^2 hrs.). 
 — 25^2 M. Neckargerach, on the left bank. On the hill above are 
 the ruins of the Minneburg , which was destroyed in the Thirty 
 Years' War. The valley now expands. On the left bank is the 
 Reiherhalde, so called from the flocks of herons (Reiher) which have 
 established themselves here. A little ahove Obrigheim, on the left 
 bank, is the ruin of Dauchstein. At Diedesheim the river is crossed 
 by a bridge -of- boats. — Near (28 M.) Binau the train passes 
 through a tunnel 1/2 M. in length. 
 
 30 M. Neckarelz (505 ft. ; Rail. Restaurant), on the right bank, 
 at the influx of the Elz into the Neckar, contains a late -Gothic 
 lodge of the Templars. Opposite the town rises the Neuburg. 
 
 Neckarelz is the junction for the Heilbronu and Meckesheim 
 line , by which we may return to Heidelberg ( same distance and 
 fares). The stations are Asbach, Aylasterhausen , Helmstadt^ 
 Neckarbischofsheim., Waibstadt, Neidenstein, Eschelbronn , Meckes- 
 heim (junction for the Heilbronn and Heidelberg line), iMauer, 
 Bammenthal, and Neckargemiind (p. 242), where it rejoins the line 
 above described. 
 
 The first station beyond Neckarelz in the direction of Wiirzburg 
 is Mosbach (*Prinz Carl, moderate; Badischer Hof), an old and 
 busy little town with 3500 inhab., on the Elz. Comp. Baedeker^s 
 Southern Germany. 
 
 From Heidelbekg to Spbyee, 161/-7 M., railway in 1 hr. (fares 
 2.7/50, 1.70, 1.10 pf.). — 4 M. Eppelheim; 5 M. Piankstadt. 
 
 51/2^1- Schwetzingen {* Hirsch and Adler , by the entrance 
 to the chateau ; Hotel Hassler, at the station), a pleasant little 
 town with 4900 inhab. , attracts numerous visitors from Heidel- 
 berg. The Schloss, erected by Elector Karl Ludwig in 1656, and 
 destroyed by Melac in 1689, but afterwards restored, was the 
 residence of the electors at the beginning of the 18th century. The 
 *Gardens (comp. the Plan, p. 244") were laid out by Elector 
 Karl Theodor in the middle of the 18th cent, in the style of the 
 grounds at Versailles, and the beautiful old avenues have since been 
 surrounded with grounds in the English style. The gardens cover 
 
 16*
 
 244 Route 33. xMANNHElM. 
 
 au area of 117 acres , and are embellislied -with statues, temples, 
 artificial ruins, a mosque with lofty minarets, and other objects in 
 the taste of the 18th century. The fountains play daily from the 
 middle of April to the middle of October. The visitor is recom- 
 mended to turn to the right on entering. A walk round the whole 
 of the gardens takes about 2 hours. 
 
 Schwetzingen is the junction of the Speyer line with the rail- 
 way to Mannheim and Carlsruhe (p. 246), and of a branch-line to 
 Friedrlchsfeld (p. 229). The Speyer line passes (10 M.) Thalhaus, 
 and crosses the Rhine by a bridge of iron pontoons near (13 M.) 
 Altlussheim. 
 
 Speyer, see p. 261. The Rhine Station (12^2 M.) is near the 
 cathedral ; the Principal Station (16^2 M.) is reached in 10 min. more. 
 
 33. Mannheim and Ludwigshafen. 
 
 Railway Stations. The Central Station ('Restaurant) lies on the S. side 
 of the town (PI. D, 5) , and is used by trains in all directions. A 
 second station for the line to Lampertheim and Frankfort or Mayence 
 (R. 30 a), and the station for the steam-tramways to Weinheim (p. 229) 
 and Freudenheim lie beyond the Neckar Bridge (PI. D, 2). 
 
 Hotels. 'Pfalzer Hof (PL a; C, 4), at the corner of the Parade-Platz 
 and the Rhein-Str., R., L.. A' A. from 21/2, B. 1 Jl 20, D. S Jl; Kaiserhof 
 (PI. b; D, 4), Heidelberger-Str., opposite the post-office. — -Dedtscher Hof 
 (PI. c; C, 4), commercial; National (PI. e 5 D, 5), Railway Hotel, Egly, all 
 near the Central Station. Landsberg (PI. f), Konig von Portugal (P]. g), 
 both in the Rhein-Str. ; Zdm Neckarthal (PI. h), near the \eckar bridge 
 R. 2 J'A B. 70 pf. 
 
 Restaurants. Cafe zur Oper, Goldener Stern, Cafi Fran<:ais, these three 
 near the theatre; Cafi M^tropole, near the Pfalzer Hof; Cafi Victoria and 
 Wiener Cafi Central, near the Strohmarkt; Scheffeleck, Kurfursten-Str., near 
 the Palace; Ballhaus, in the Schlossgarten, in the W. wing of the Schloss ; 
 Restaurant in the Stadtpark , miltary music on summer afternoons. — 
 Wine. Arche Noah, near the Konig v. Portugal; Zdhringer Hof, near the 
 Speisemarkt ; Lowenkeller, near the Stadtpark. 
 
 River Baths, above the bridge. 
 
 Cabs. From the station or the steamboat-pier into the town, for 1 
 pers. 50, 2 pers. 70, 3 pers. 90, 4 pers. 1 J( 10 pf. ; to Ludwigshafen 1 Jl 
 50, 1 Jl 70, 1 Jl 90, or 2 Jl 10 pf. — Per drive within the town : 1/4 ^^^ 
 for 1-2 pers. 50, for 3-4 pers. 90 pf. ; V2 lir. 80 pf. or 1 Ji 20 pf. 
 
 Tramways. From the Main Railway Station to the Rheinthor and 
 from the Riedbahn Station to the Rhine Bridge, fare 15 pL ; to Ludwigs- 
 hafen 25 pf. 
 
 Steamboat. The landing-place is below the bridge over the Rhine, 
 3/4 M. from the station at Ludwigshafen, and 1 31. from the Mannheim 
 station. Comp. the Plan. Steamboat to Mayence, via Worm?, in 41/2 hrs. 
 
 British Vice-Consul : Ferd. Ladenburg, Esq. — United States Consul : 
 /. Wi7iter, Esq. 
 
 Post Office (PI. 9), Hcidelberger-Str. 
 
 Mannheim (275 ft.), a town with 79,000 inhab. (1/2 Rom. Cath.), 
 situated near the confluence of the Neckar and the Rhine and con- 
 nected by a bridge with Ludwigshafen on the left bank of the latter 
 river (p. 246), was founded in 1606 by Elector Palatine FredericklV. 
 The castle he then built was destroyed along with the infant town 
 in the Thirty Years' War, and again by the French in 1689. For its
 
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 Schlossgarteii 
 SCHWETZINGEN.
 
 Z.^ynagoge Ct 
 
 Z.TrinUatiskirdie. . C3. 
 
 ^Concordidkir<9ie B* 
 
 iJRathhmis CA. 
 
 ^.JUgem.S'anherihau.i 114; 
 
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 QPostaJTeletp-apli CA. 
 
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 Geograph Aiistaltvon 
 
 Wagner tBebes. Leipzig-
 
 MANNHEIM. 33. Route. 245 
 
 subsequent importance Mannheim was indebted to Elector Charles 
 Philip, who owing to ecclesiastical differences transferred his resi- 
 dence from Heidelberg to Mannheim in 1721. It is the most regu- 
 larly built town in Germany, being divided into 110 square sections 
 like a chess-board. The streets were formerly distinguished, accord- 
 ing to the American system, by letters and numerals, but are now 
 all named. Mannheim is the most important commercial town of 
 the Upper Rhine , tobacco, coffee, grain, and petroleum being the 
 staple commodities. The new harbour and docks are very extensive. 
 
 The spacious" Grand -ducal Palace (PL C, 4, 5), erected in 
 1720-29 and partly destroyed in 1795, contains several collections. 
 All of these may be visited at any time on payment of I J/ ; the 
 Collection of Antiquities is open free in summer on Sun., 11-1 
 and 2-4, and the Picture Gallery and the Cabinet of Natural History 
 on Sun. and Wed., 11-1 and 3-5. 
 
 The central structure (entr. opposite ttie Friedrich-Str.) contains the 
 united Antiquarian Collections of the grand-ducal Antiquarium and the 
 Society of Antiquaries. Room I. Plans and views of the Palatinate, por- 
 traits of Palatine princes, seals, coins, medipcval sculptures. - Room II. 
 Mediaeval furniture, bronzes, reminiscences of Karl Sand, the murderer 
 of Kotzebue (1823). — Room III. Ancient woodcuts. — Rooji IV. Objects 
 from China, Japan, India, ]S^orth America, and South America. — Room V. 
 Romano-Germanic antiquities found near Mannheim, near Mayence, in the 
 Roman fort at Osterburken (*Helmet of a Roman legionary), and in the 
 burial-trenches of Wallstadt. — Room VI. Etruscan funeral cists in ala- 
 baster and clay, objects from Etruscan graves, Greek vases and terracottas 
 (-Girl from Tanagra). marble sculptures, bronzes. — In the front part of 
 the middle building is a Collection of Casts, acquired at Paris in 1803. 
 — Hall of the Roman Moxdmexts. No. 6. Kelief of Mithras; 19. Votive 
 stone dedicated to Visucins; 11. Mercury with the infant Bacchus, a relief 
 recalling the Hermes of Olympia; 46. (red number) Relief with Mer- 
 cury; 23. Money-changer; 7, 8. Mile-stones; 77. 'Altar of the Four Gods'; 
 -24. Votive stone to the maternal deities, from Rodingen (Jiilich) ; 40. (red 
 number) Votive stone to Mars and Kemetona, the patron-deity of Speyer; 
 83. (by the middle window). Altar of the Four Gods; 11. (red no.) Altar 
 of the gods of the days of the week, with traces of its use as a font; 
 39. Tombstone of an Eque.s; 73. Front of a large sarcophagus; 36. (red no.) 
 Votive stone, with relief of a winged Genius; 52. Tombstone of a trum- 
 peter; 21. (red no.), 59. Horsemen and giants; 14. (red no.) Amor and 
 Pan; 13. (red no.) Torso of Mercury; 65. Relief of Mercury andHygieia; 
 74. Altar of the Four Gods ; 68. Statue of a legionary. 
 
 The E. wing (entrance opposite the Stephanien-Strasse) contains a 
 Xatural History Cabiket. a Pcblic Librakt (open daily 11-1), and the — 
 
 Picture Gallery. Corridor : Engravings and drawings, and some ani- 
 mal-paintings, landscapes, and sketches by Eud. Kuntz. — Ante-Chamber. 
 Modern Baden artists; Karl Kuntz and Rud. Kuntz, Several cattle-pieces; 
 313. Kirner, Italian countryman at home; Marie Ellenrieder, 300. Head of a 
 child, 3</7. Christ; Fohr, 301. Party on the Chiemsee. 302. The Castle of 
 Eberstein ; Bernh. Fries, Mountain scene ; Fed. Dietz, Destruction of Hei- 
 delberg (sketch); A. von Bayer. Convent scene ; Veritas, Heidelberg (water- 
 colour). — Room I. : 24. Schduffelin. Portrait; 25. Roos, Senator of Frank- 
 fort; 19, 33. Hamilton idi. 1754), Game; 122, 131. Kobe II (d. 1799), Two large 
 landscapes. — II.: 59. M. Ryckaert, Concert; 55. B. Klup (?), By the fire; 
 *6l. S. Hoogstraeten, Physician; *74. A. Biepraem, Tavern. — III.: 79. A. 
 Diepenbeeck, Marriage of St. Catharine; 87. G. du Bois, Forest; *88. J. van 
 Kes.iel, Castle on a lake; 112. W. Kalf, Stable; 110. N. Berchem, The 
 ford ; 105, 114. P. Bout , Cattle. — IV. : 118. B. van Steenwyck , Cottage ; 
 139. /. van Qoyea , Th\inder-storm; -131, 167. /. P. van TItielen . Fruit;
 
 246 Route 33. LUDWIGSHAFEN. 
 
 130. Feelers, Stormy sea \ 132. Bakhvisen, Rough sea ; 134, 175. Momtners, 
 Cattle; 177. Fyt, Still-life; *183. Ochtervelt, Concert; *182. SUngelant (?), 
 Seamstress; lJ>9, *190. Ph. Wouverman, Halt, Plunderers; "i^. F. Snyders, 
 Still-life. — v.: 193, 194. Teniers the Younger. St. Sebastian, Portrait; 
 *199. Maion, Physician; *201. Teniers the Younger., Rustic wedding; *2i7, 
 223. A. van Everdingen, Norwegian landscapes; 222. Teniers the Younger, 
 Peasants singing (an early work of 1634); 228. W. Kalf, Stable. — 
 VI.: 257. Guido Reni , Venus; 292. Sa.^soferrato , Holy Family. — VII.: 
 Municipal Collection. Kaulbach, Study of a head; Wenglein, Moorland 
 scene ; lioux , Animal piece ; Defregger, Two studies of heads ; Gude, 
 Marine piece ; A. Achenbach, Coa.st scene ; K. Rottmann, Italian landscape ; 
 K. Hoff, Capuchin monk in a peasant's hut ; E. Griitzner, Scene from the 
 Merry Wives of Windsor; F. Voltz, Cow-house; G. Max, Head of a wo- 
 man; Spiizweg , Trainband soldier on the rampart; Schirmer , Expulsion 
 from Paradise; Siegeri, The last of his race. — VIII. Permanent Exhi- 
 bition of the Kunstverein. — IX. Engravings. 
 
 The Schloss Garden is a pleasant resort. 
 
 The Theatre [PL 7 ; C, 4), built in 1776-79, restored in 1854, and 
 admirably decorated, is one of the best in S. Germany. Schiller's 
 lirst pieces, the 'Robbers', 'Fiesco' , and 'Cabal and Love', were 
 performed here with the co-operation of Iflfland and partly under 
 his own direction. — Schiller's Monument , by Cauer, in front of 
 the theatre, was erected in 1862. Adjacent, on the right and left, 
 are the statues oi Iff land (^d. 1814), a distinguished actor who began 
 his career at Mannheim , and Von Dalberg (d. 1806), intendant of 
 the theatre down to 1803, both by Widnmann, and erected by King 
 Lewis I. of Bavaria in 1864-66. 
 
 The Rhine Bridge [PI. B, 5), built in 1865-68, connects Mann- 
 heim with Ludwigshafen on the opposite bank ; it is used by the 
 railway, tramway, and foot-passengers. Handsome portals designed 
 by Durm, and adorned with groups of figures by Moest. 
 
 Ludwigshafen (Deutsches Haus) , an important commercial and 
 manufacturing town with 28,700 inhab., begun in 1843, and rap- 
 idly increasing in commercial importance, was originally only the 
 tete-de-pont of Mannheim. During the revolutionary war at the 
 end of last century it was several times the scene ofj sanguinary 
 contests. The Wharfs are among the finest on the Rhine and are 
 now being enlarged. The two new churches, in the Romanesque 
 and Gothic styles, are well worthy of inspection. The former (Roman 
 Catholic) contains frescoes by Siissmeier. — Branch-line to (8 M.) 
 Dannstadt. 
 
 Fkom Ludwigshafen to Geosskarlbach, 141/2 Jf., railway in PjA-2^/i hrs. 
 Stations: Friesenheim, Oppau, Edigheim, Frankenthal (p. 248), Jlessheim, 
 Birmstein, Laumersheim. 
 
 Fbom Mannheim to Carlsruhb (39 M.) by direct railway 
 (Rhine Valley Railway) in 1V4-2 hrs. (fares b Ji, % Ji 30, 2 Jl 
 20 pf.). The fast express between Cologne and Basel traverses this 
 line. — Immediately after leaving Mannheim and again at Schwetzin- 
 gen -we see on the left the mountains near Heidelberg. 2 M. 
 Neckarau; 5 M. Rheinav. — 9 M. Schwetzinyen, see p. 243. The 
 line now traverses pine-forests ; on the right the Palatine Mountains
 
 OPPENHEIM. 3d. Route. 247 
 
 are visible nearly the whole way. — Beyond (14 M.) Hoclcenheim 
 we catch several glimpses of Speyer cathedral, in the plain to the 
 right across the Rhine. 15'/2 M. Neulussheim. 1972 M- Wnghdusel, 
 where the Baden insurgents were signally defeated on 21st June, 
 1849. 20i2>l- Wiesenthal; 26'Si. Graben-Neudorfl-p.Sii) -^^yoM. 
 Linkenheim ; 31 M. Leopoldshafen ; 33 M. Eygenstein ; 35 M. 
 Neureuth. 39 M. Carlsruhe [p. 312). 
 
 34. From Mayence to Ludwigshafen (Mannheim). 
 Worms. 
 
 42V2 M. Railway in IV2-2V4 lirs. ; fares 5 Uff 60, 3.80, 2.40; express 
 trains 6 Jl 40, 4.60, 2.20. Hessische Ludwigsbahn as far as Worms (in l-lV2hr. ; 
 fares 3 Jl 70, 2.50, 1.60. ov Z M 20, 3 Jl) and beyond it the Pfdlzische Bahn. 
 
 Mayence, see p. 1-iO. — The train starts from the Central Station, 
 and traverses the tunnel under the citadel to the Neuthor station. It 
 then passes under the Darmstadt line (p. 223), intersects the forti- 
 fications, and passes the village of Weisenau. — 2 M. Laiibenheim, 
 o'/2 ^I- Bodenheim, 772^1- Nackenheim, wine-producing villages, 
 lie on the vine-clad hills to the right, at some distance from the Rhine. 
 
 101/2 ^1- Nierstein (^Zum Rheinthal, at the station), a village 
 with 3200 inhab., is noted for its careful vine-culture. 'Niersteiner' 
 is one of the best-known and most wholesome of Rhenish wines ; it 
 is marked by a mildly-acid flavour with considerable aroma. Most 
 of the wine of Rhenish Hessen is sold under this name. On the 
 hill to the right rises an old watch-tower. 
 
 12 M. Oppenheim (*H6tel zum Ritter). an industrial town with 
 3500 inhab., picturesquely situated on a hill rising above the river, 
 is commanded by the red church of St. Catharine and the ruined 
 castle of Landskron. The town is mentioned in the Roman itineraries 
 as Bauconica ; it afterwards became a city of the empire and enjoyed 
 the patronage of the Franconian emperors, particularly Henry IV. ; 
 and at a still later period it was an important member of the league of 
 the Rhenish towns. In 1689 the town was destroyed by the French, 
 
 On leaving the station we turn slightly to the left, pass the lofty 
 round clock -tower, and go through an archway below one of the 
 streets. We then ascend, skirting the mediaeval wall, to the (10-12 
 min.) ruins of the once famous imperial fortress of Landskron, 
 which was burned down by the French in 1689. It was erected in 
 the reign of the Emp. Lothaire, and restored by Emp. Rupert, who 
 died here in 1410. It commands a magnificent view of Oppenheim 
 and the valley of the Rhine. — We next descend to the — 
 
 * Catharinenkirche , a fine Gothic edifice, erected in 1262-1317 
 on the site of an older church, destroyed in 1689, and thoroughly 
 restored in 1876-89 from the designs of the late architect Schmidt 
 of Vienna. The E. part of the church forms a cruciform edifice 
 with a tower over the crossing and two W. towers ; the windows 
 contain beautiful tracery. The W. choir (abbey-church) was conse-
 
 248 Route34. FRANKENTHAL. 
 
 crated in 1439. The sacristan lives on an upper floor to the left of 
 the steps at the principal S. entrance (40 pf.). 
 
 In front of the S. portal of the church is the market-place, which 
 is adorned with a War Monument for 1870-71 ; the monument incor- 
 porates a column of syenite with an inscription , dug up on the Lands- 
 kron, and probably one of those quarried on the Felsberg (p. 230). 
 
 16 M. Guntersblum ( Krone) ^ a small town with 2000 inhab., 
 possesses a Romanesque church with helmet-shaped towers. On the N. 
 side of the town is the chateau of Count Leiningen with its gardens. 
 
 18 M. Alsheim; 20 M. Mettenheimi 22V2 M. Osthofen (branch- 
 line to Westlioferi). 
 
 271/2 M. Worms, see below. 
 
 From Worms to Davmstadt. Frankfort^ and Mannheim by the junction- 
 line to the Rhine and via Rosengarfen, see p. 220. 
 
 From Worms to Monsheim (Bingen, Diirkheim, etc.), see p. 253. The 
 intervening stations are (2 M.) P/iffligheim and (4 M.) Pfeddersheim. 
 
 From Worms to Offstein^ 7 M., railway in 38 minutes. 
 
 311/2 M. Bobcnheim. — 34^/2 M. Frankenthal ( Hotel Kaufmann ; 
 Restaurant Witter)^ a busy, regularly-built town with 13,000 inhab., 
 possessing a number of manufactories and considerable nursery- 
 gardens, was founded by Calvinists who were banished from the 
 Netherlands by the Spaniards in 1554. The portal of the late-Roman- 
 esque Abbey Church, situated at the back of the Roman Catholic 
 church, founded in 1119 and consecrated in 1224, is worth inspection. 
 
 From Frankexthal to Freinsheim (p. 253) , 9 M., railway in 1/2 hr. 
 (75, 50 pf.). Stations Flomer^lieim-Epp^tein^ Lambsheim, Weisenheim am Sand. 
 
 391/2 ^1- Oggersheim (Krone), a town with 3700 inhabitants. The 
 Loretto church here is a fine building. A tablet on a house in 
 the Schiller-Strasse records that Schiller resided here in 1781. He 
 was at that time engaged in writing his 'Kabale und Liebe'. 
 
 42V2M. Ludwigshafen, see p. 246. — Passengers for Mannheim, 
 Heidelberg, etc., change carriages here. Routes to Neustadt, Neun- 
 kirchen. Landau, Speyer, etc., see pp. 255, 258, 261. 
 
 Worms. — Hotels. Near the Station: Europaischer Hof (PI. a;B,l), 
 R. 2-2 V2, B. 1 D. 21/2 Jl; Kaiserhof (PI. f; B, 1); Pfalzer Hof (PI. b; 
 B, 1), E. & B. 2V4 Ji. — In Ifie Town: *Alter Kaiser (PI. c; A, 3), Andreas- 
 Str., near the cathedral ; < Hotel Hartmann (PI. d; C, 2), R., L., & A. 2, 
 D. 21/2 J^; these two of the first class. — By the Bridge: Kheinischer Hof 
 (PI. e; E, 4), well spoken of. — Railway Restaurant ; Worrefs Restaurant, 
 near the station ; Bauer, at the Festhaus (p. 219), etc. 
 
 Worms, one of the most ancient, and in the middle ages one of 
 the most important towns in Germany, with 25,500 inhab. (1/2 Prot., 
 1/3 Rom. Cath., and 1300 Jews), lies in the rich plain of the Wonne- 
 gau, on the left bank of the Rhine. The culture of the vine has 
 hitherto been the great resource of the place, but of late years a 
 number of leather and other manufactories have been established 
 and many of the vineyards near the town are now covered with build- 
 ings. Of the old fortifications a few towers only are still extant. 
 
 Worms is the Roman Borbetomagut, the seat of the Vangiones, which, after 
 the period of the migrations of the barbarian hordes, became the capi-
 
 Kilometer 1:500.000. ? ^ — ?r 
 
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 lioira. I 
 
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 JL^ « «^ z'- '^s^-'v '\Stddter, 
 
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 21e}vtein 
 
 
 rlffeshfji. * ^ 
 
 'orrstadt Cf^./r.^^^^ 
 
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 Siebes- 
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 WORMS. 34. Route. 249 
 
 tal of the kingdom of the Burgundians, who had descended from the Baltic 
 Sea (431). The Franconion kings, and afterwards Charlemagne and his suc- 
 cessors, frequently resided at Worms. The war against the Saxons was 
 planned here in 772. and here the great contest concerning the investiture 
 of the bishops with ring and staft" was adjusted by the Concordat between 
 the Emp. Henry V. and Pope Calixtus II. (1122). As a free city of the Em- 
 pire, Worms, in the disputes between the emperors and the princes, always 
 espoused the cause of the former, and was specially faithful to the un- 
 fortunate Henry IV. Its fidelity was rewarded by the grant of various 
 privileges, chiefly of a commercial character. The union between Worms 
 and Mayence laid the foundation for the Confederation of Rhenish Towns 
 (1254). At Worms . in April 1521 , was held the Imperial Diet, at which 
 Luther defended his doctrines before the Emperor Charles V., six Electors, 
 and a large and august assemblage, concluding with the words : '"Here I 
 stand, I cannot act olhermse, God help me! Amen.'' 
 
 The Thirty Years' War proved very disastrous to Worms, which was 
 repeatedly occupied and laid under contribution by Mansfeld and Tilly, 
 the Spaniards, and the Swedes. In 1GS9 the town was treated with savage 
 cruelty by 3Ielac and the young Due de Crequi. After having been 
 pillaged, it was set on fire, and. with the exception of the cathedral and 
 synagogue, soon became one smoxildering heap of ruins. The town re- 
 tained its independence down to the Peace of Luneville in 1801, and after 
 the short-lived French supremacy was annexed to Hessen-Darmstadt in 
 1815, when its inhabitants numbered about 5000. 
 
 From the railway-station the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Str. leads to the 
 Luther-PlatZi situated at the entrance to the old town. It is em- 
 bellished with *Luther'8 Monument (PL B, 2), designed by Riet- 
 schel (d. 1861). and modelled by Kietz, Dondorf, and Schilling of 
 Dresden (erected in 1868). 
 
 This imposing memorial of the great Reformer of Germany, the execu- 
 tion of which occupied nine years and cost about 17,000 Z., merits 
 examination. A massive platform, 16 yds. square and 9V2 ft. high, bears 
 in its centre a large pedestal, surrounded by seven smaller ones. The 
 central base or pedestal is surmounted by another pedestal in bronze, 
 adorned with reliefs from Luther's life , and medallion-portraits of his 
 contemporaries who contributed to the Reformation. On it stands Luther's 
 statue in bronze, a commanding figure, 11 ft. in height. In his left hand 
 the holds a Bible, on which his right hand is placed emphatically; while 
 his face, on which faith is admirably pourtrayed, is turned upwards. 'He 
 is surrounded by a row of bold spirits, who before, or along with him 
 had fought the last struggle for the freedom of the Reformation, or were 
 privileged to promote it in various positions of life.' At the corners of 
 the chief pedestal, in a sitting posture , are four precursors of the Refor- 
 mation: in front, r. Hu.'is (d. 1415), 1. Savonarola (d. 1498); at the back, 
 r. Wycliffe fd. 13S7) , 1. Petrus Waldus (d. 1197). On the side-pedestals 
 in front are Philip the Generous of Hessen on the right, and Frederick the 
 Wise of Saxony on the left; at the back Melanchthon on the right, and 
 Reuchlin on the left (each 9 ft. in height). Between these, on lower ped- 
 estals , are allegorical figures of the towns of (r.) 3Iagdeburg (mourning), 
 (1.) Augsburg (making confession), and (at the back) Speyer (protesting). 
 Between these figures are the arms of the 24 towns of Germany which first 
 embraced the reformed faith. 
 
 A little to the S. of the Luther -Platz is the handsome House 
 of Freiherr von Heyl, on the site of the Bischofshof, or episcopal 
 palace, in which Luther made his defence in 1521. The building 
 was destroyed by the French in 1689, and again in 1794. 
 
 The YoLKSTHEATBE & Festhaus (PL A, 1), built in 1889 in 
 the Romanesque style by the Berlin architect March, is destined for 
 the performance of popular pieces (by citizens of Worms), of dramas
 
 250 Route 34. WORMS. 
 
 of a lii^h class (by foreign actors) and of oratories, and the fine 
 banqueting hall for concerts and assemblies. Restaurant (p. 248); 
 fine view of the cathedral. 
 
 The *Cathedral [FL B, 2), dedicated to SS. Peter and Paiil, 
 is a building of very ancient origin, but nothing now remains of the 
 original structure. The W. towers, the oldest part of the present 
 building, were consecrated in 1110, the remainder of the building 
 in 1181. The S. portal, richly adorned with sculptures of scriptural 
 subjects and allegorical figures of the Church and the Synagogue, 
 dates from the 14th century. With its four elegant towers [the 
 one at the IS.E. angle restored in 1472), two domes, and double 
 choir, the Cathedral ranks, like those of Speyer and Mayence, among 
 the finest examples of Romanesque architecture in the Rhineland. 
 The exterior in particular is strikingly effective. 
 
 The Interior (entrance on the S. side ; fee to the sacristan , for 
 whom a boy may be sent, 50 pf.), 141 yds. long, 29 yds. wide, across the 
 transept 40 yds. wide, nave lOo ft. high, has been recently restored. The 
 tawdry decoration of the E. choir with marble and gilding dates from the 
 18th century. The Romanesque Sculptures representing Daniel in the lions' 
 den, in the first S. chapel on the right, and the Tombstone of the three 
 Franconian Princesses of the 14th cent., now in the N. aisle, are interesting. 
 
 The Baptistery^ on the left side of the S. Portal, contains some large 
 High-Reliefs in stone, dating from 1487 and 1488, admirably executed, and 
 in excellent preservation. They were presented by noble families of 
 Worms and placed in the old cloisters of 1484, but on the demolition of 
 the latter in 1813 were removed to their present position^ they represent 
 the Annunciation, Descent from the Cross, Resurrection, Nativity, and 
 Genealogy of Christ. Here, too, is the Tombstone of the knight Eberhard 
 von Heppenheim (d. 1559), a well-executed kneeling figure in armour. The 
 late-Gothic font is from the chapel of St. John, taken down in 1807. 
 
 It may interest those versed in German lore to know that the 
 space in front of the cathedral is said to have been the scene of the 
 quarrel between Brunhilde and Chriemhilde, recorded in the 14th 
 Adventure of the Nibelungenlied. — A little to the S.W., in the 
 Andreas-Platz, is the late-Romanesque .Andreasfc/rcfte (.PI- 4:; A, 3). 
 
 The streets to the E. lead from the cathedral to the Market 
 Place, which contains the Dreifaltigkeitskirche (PL 5 ; B, 3) or 
 Church of the Trinity, built in 172G and adorned with baroque 
 paintings by Seekatz and his pupils. 
 
 To the E. of the market-place rises the Stadthaus (PI. 11 ; 
 B, 3), rebuilt in 1883-84 after designs by Seidl. The large hall 
 contains a fresco by Prell, representing Emp. Henry IV. conferring 
 important commercial privileges on the town (1074). 
 
 The Pauluskirche (PI. 9; C, 3), a Romanesque building of 
 1102-1116, is inferior in interest to the cathedral alone. The choir, 
 in the form of a half decagon, dates from the beginning of the 13th 
 century. The interior, restored in the taste of the 18th cent., was 
 fitted up in 1881 to receive the *Paulus Museum, an extensive and 
 well-arranged collection of Germanic antiquities of all epochs. Adm. 
 on Sun., 10.30-12.30, free; on other days after 9 p.m., on appli- 
 cation to the custodian, oO pf.
 
 •WORMS. 34. Route. 251 
 
 The doors of the handsome Romanesque W. Portal are a copy of those 
 of Hildesheim Cathedral. 
 
 Interior. We first reach the collection of prehistoric antiquities and 
 an Etruscan bronze shield, found in the Rhine at Mayence. In the nave 
 are Roman Antiquities, chietly from Worms and its neighbourhood. The 
 Frankish Antiquities are also arranged here. — The Sacristy contains a col- 
 lection of coins. — In the gallery are antiquities of the civic guilds. A 
 room, furnished in the Gothic style, on the second floor of the N. tower 
 beside the W. portal, contains the '•Luther Library^, with rare early edition.^ 
 of the works of Luther and his contemporaries. 
 
 On the S. side of the church are the cloisters and abbey-build- 
 ings, dating from various centuries. 
 
 In the Parade-Platz (PL C, 2) are the new Post- Office (PI. 10) 
 and the Church of St. Martin (PI. 8), built in 1265, partly 
 destroyed by fire in 1689, and restored in 1888, with a hand- 
 some W. portal and old mural paintings (ruined). — In the Grosse 
 Judengasse, to the right, is the Synagogue (PI. 12; C, D, 2), an 
 insignificant building dating from the 11th cent., remodelled in the 
 13th cent, and now quite modernised. The Jewish community of 
 Worms is one of the oldest in Germany. 
 
 In the Mainzer suburb, which was destroyed by the Swedes and 
 French and is now being rebuilt, the late-Gothic *Liebfrauenkirche 
 {Church of our Lady; PL E, 1), l/o >I. from the Mainzer Thor, 
 alone escaped (the sacristan lives opposite the church). The church, 
 which has been lately restored, is in the shape of a cruciform basilica, 
 witha triforium and twoW. towers. It replaces an older edifice, and 
 was consecrated in 1467; the keystone of the vaulted roof bears the 
 arms of the different corporations of Worms who caused it to be built. 
 The only object of interest in the interior is a curious old painted 
 sculpture of the Entombment, with life-size figures, to the right of 
 the principal entrance. The stained glass is modern. The W. Portal 
 is enriched with sculpture. The wine called Liebfrauenmilch (see 
 p. xxii) is yielded by vineyards near the church. 
 
 The Rhine anciently flowed round a meadow known as the Rosen- 
 garten (PI. F, 4j, on tbe right bank, opposite Worms (now the terminus 
 of the Darmstadt and Frankfort railway, p. 22b). Td this spot attach many 
 ancient traditions, preserved in the Nibelungen and other heroic poems. 
 Worms is, indeed, the centre of these romantic legends. 
 
 35. From Bingen or Mayence by Alzey to Kaisers- 
 lautern or Neustadt. 
 
 Railway feom Bixgen to Alzet, 2OV2 M., in IV4 hr. (fares 2 Ji SO, 
 1.80, 1.20). Feom Mayence to Alzey, 27 M. , in V/2 hr. (fares S J( 30, 
 2.20, 1.40). From Alzey to Kaiseeslacteex, 341/2 M., in 2 hrs. (fares iJlbU, 
 3.20, 2.10j. Feom Alzey to Neustadt ('Hessische Ludwigsbahn' to 3Ions- 
 heim, and beyond it -Pfalzische Bahn'), 37 M., in 2V4-3 hrs. (2nd cl. 
 3 J'/ 35 pf. , 3rd cl. 2 Jl 15 pf.). The route from Mayence to Neustadt 
 via Ludwigshafen is preferable (express in 2-2V4 hrs. J. 
 
 From Bixgex (p. 118) to Alzey. The train leaves the Rhine 
 at (2 M.) Kempten, and turns southwards. — 41/.2 M. Biidesheim- 
 Drornersheim, wine-producing places ; 7 >I. (/enshiyen-HorrweUer ;
 
 252 Route 35. GOLLHEIM. • From Bingen 
 
 9 M. Welgesheim-Zotzenheim ; 10 M. Sprendlingen (branch-line to 
 Wdllstein); 121/2 M. Gaubickelheim ; 14 M. Wallertheim. At (16 M.) 
 Armsheim, witli a line Gothic church of 1430, a branch-line diverges 
 to Flonheim. 197-2 M. Albig ; 201/2 M. Alzey. 
 
 From Mayence (p. 140} to Alzey. — 1 M. Gartenfeld, 41/2 M. 
 Gonsenheim, favourite resorts of the Mainzers. To the left is the 
 Roman aqueduct of Zahlbach ; to. the right lies Finthen. — 71/2 M. 
 Marienborn ; 9 M. Klein- Winterheim; 11 M. Nieder-Olm ; 14^/2 M. 
 Nieder-Saulheim ; 17 M. Worrstadt; 2OY2M. Armsheim (see above); 
 241/2 M. Albig; 251/2 M. Alzey. 
 
 Alzey (Hotel Maschmann)^ a Hessian town with 6000 inhab., 
 on the Selz, possesses a late-Gothic church and the ruins of a castle 
 destroyed by the French in 1687. Alzey is one of the chief centres 
 of the apiculture of Rhenish Hesse , producing the famous light- 
 coloured 'Esparsette' honey. 
 
 From Alzky to Kaiserslautern. 3 M. Wahlheim ; 6 M . Morsch- 
 heim-Ilbesheim. — 91/2 M. Kirchheimbolanden (Hotel Bechtelsheimer ; 
 TraubeJ, a busy little town of 8500 inhab., with a chateau of the 
 former princes of Nassau-Weilburg, restored after a fire in 1861 
 (interesting chapel). 
 
 From Kiechheimbolanden to the Donnersberg. A good road ascends 
 from the town to (41/2 M.) Dannenfels COiimbel, ''Lander, both unpretending), 
 situated on the slope to the S. of the road, in the midst of beautiful old 
 chestnut-trees, and visited as a summer-resort. About 3/4 M. farther up 
 through wood is the Villa Donnersbevg (R. from i Jl ^ D. 2V2, 'pens'. 
 3V2 Jl)-, with a view-terrace. Pleasant paths, well-provided with finger- 
 posts, lead from the village and from the villa to various points of view 
 on the E. and S. slopes of the Donnersberg. The tower (98 ft. high; 
 key obtained at Dannenfels), on the top of the Donnersberg (2245 ft.), the 
 Mons Jovis of the Romans, and the French Mont Tonnerre, commands an 
 extensive view. Xear the tower is a firmly constructed fragment of a 
 Celtic fort. — From Rockeniiausen (p. 155), a railway-station on the W. 
 side of the mountain, the ascent occupies the same time. A road leads 
 thence to (41/2 M.) the village of Marienthal, whence the tower is reached 
 in 1 hr. more. — The Donnersberg may also be ascended from Winnweiler 
 (p. 155; through the Falkenstein valley, steep, 3 hrs.), or, most con- 
 veniently, from Borrstadt (see. below; IIJ2 hr.). — From Dannenfels to 
 QSllheim (see below) via Jacobsweiler and Dreisen, 51/2 M. 
 
 13 M. Mamheim; branch-line to Monsheim, see p. 253. 
 
 15 M. Gbllheim-Dreisen. The village of Gdllheim (Goldenes 
 Ross) lies 11/2 M. to the S.E. of the station. Near it rises the Hasen- 
 buhl, where Emperor Adolph of Nassau was defeated and slain by 
 Albert of Austria on 2nd July, 1298. At the S. W. end of the town 
 is a modern Chapel, designed by Voit, into the walls of which is 
 built the old 'Konigskreuz', a figure of the Saviour in red sand- 
 stone, erected on the battlefield in the 14th century. 
 
 18 M. Borrstadt (ascent of the Donnersberg, see above); 22 M. 
 Langmeil (Frank's Restaurant at the station , beds). The Alsenz 
 line, see p. 155. 
 
 24 M. Neuhemsbach- Sembach. — 27 M. Enkenbach (Ries) 
 contains the interesting late-Romanesque <;hurch of a Prsemonstra-
 
 to Neustadt. DtTRKHEIM. 35. Route. 253 
 
 tensian abbey, founded in 1150 and suppressed in 1664. The 
 churcli is adjoined on the S. by a cloister, part of which represented 
 the left transept and was continued beyond the W. end of the 
 church. Fine W. portal. — 311/2 ^^- Eselsfilrth, with the finely wood- 
 ed Barbarossa Park, belonging to Kaiserslautern. The (21/4 M.) 
 Bremerhof is a favourite pleasure-resort. 
 
 331 2 ^1- Kaiserslautern (N. Station); 3410 M. Kaiserslautern 
 (Principal Station), see p. 259. 
 
 From Alzey to Neustadt via Monsheim. — 27-2 M- Ketten- 
 heim; 5 M. Eppelsheim; 7 M. Gundersheim ; 972^^- ^iederflors- 
 heim. — 11 M. Monsheim, the junction for Worms (p. 248) and for 
 Marnheim. 
 
 Feom Monsheim to Marnheim, 8 M. — 2 M. Wachenheim; 3 M. Harx- 
 heim-Zell., on the Pfriembach. with extensive vineyards; 5 M. Albis- 
 heim. — 8 M. Marnheim. see p. 252. 
 
 121/0 M. Hohensilhen ; 14 M. Bockenheim; ib^/2'M. Alb sheim. 
 
 171/2 M. Grunstadt (Hotel Ilgen; PfdlzerHofJ, a town with 3800 
 inhabitants. The ruins of the old chateaux of Alt- and Neu-Lei- 
 ningen, destroyed by the French in 1690, lie on a hill in the dis- 
 tance to the right. 
 
 From Grunstadt to Eisenbebg, 5V2 M. in V2 hr. (fares 80, 55, 35 pf.). 
 — The train ascends the valley of the Eisbach, passing numerous clay- 
 pits. I'AM. Asselheim; 21/2 M. Mertesheim; 4M. Ebertsheim. 5'/2 M. Eisen- 
 lerg (Derlinger). 
 
 191/2 M. Kirchheim-an-der-Eck. From (221/2 M.) Freinsheim 
 a branch-line diverges to Frankenthal (see p. 248). 24 M. Erpolz- 
 heim. Extensive vineyards in every direction. 
 
 27 M. Diirkheim (380 ft. ; *Hut€l Hdusling, near the Kurgarten ; 
 Ffalzer Hof, at the station; *Vier Jahreszeiten, on the E. side of the 
 town; Zum Haardtgebirge, unpretending; Graf s Hotel Garni), with 
 6100 inhab., one of the busiest towns in thi- Palatinate, with its 
 conspicuous new Gothic spire , is beautifully situated among the 
 vineyards of the Haardt Mts. The town was almost entirely rebuilt 
 after the ravages of the French in 1689. It afterwards enjoyed great 
 prosperity as the residence of the Princes of Leiningen-Hartenburg, 
 whose handsome palace, in which Iftland once acted, and which was 
 burned down by the French in 1794, occupied the site of the present 
 town-hall. The neighbouring salt-baths of Philippshalle attract 
 visitors in spring. The town, which is surrounded by pleasant prom- 
 enades, is much visited in autumn for the grape-cure. 
 
 On an abrupt eminence at the entrance to the Isenachthal, about IV2M. 
 to the W. of Diirkheim. lie the i>icturesque ruins of the Benedictine Abbey 
 of Limburg, once a chateau of the Salic Count Conrad the Elder, who was 
 elected king of Germany in 1024 (Conrad XL). His eldest son Conrad 
 having perished while engaged in hunting, the king determined to 
 convert his ancestral castle into a religious house for the welfare of his 
 son's soul. On 12th July, 1080, at 4 a.m., as the chroniclers inform us 
 he and his queen Gisela accordingly laid the foundation-stone of the 
 church, and at a later hour on the same day he is said to have also laid 
 the first stone of the Speyer cathedral. The Abbey of Limburg was com- 
 pleted twelve years later and presented to the Benedictines, who soon 
 acquired large possessions. The abbots placed themselves under the
 
 254 Route 35. WACHENHEIM. 
 
 protection of the Hartenburg Counts of Leiningen, but having quarrelled 
 with them, their abbey was taken and destroyed by Count Emich VIII. 
 in 1504. The buildings were partly re-erected between 1515 and 1554, 
 but the abbey having been suppressed by Elector Frederick III. in 1574 
 they gradually fell to decay. The ruins of the imposing Basilica, which 
 now belong to government, afford an admirable example of the style 
 of the 11th cent., and are surrounded with pleasant grounds. The S.W. 
 tower, dating from the beginning of the IGth cent., commands a fine view 
 (137 steps). The walls surrounding the church, part of the original cloisters 
 and the burial- chapel, which is open at the E. side, are still preserved. 
 Charming view in three different directions. (Tavern at the top.) 
 
 We may now proceed towards the W., either by a hilly path along 
 the heights, or by Hansen^ to the Hartenburg, the conspicuous red ruins 
 of which are situated in the Isenachthal, 2V4 M. from the Limburg. This 
 extensive castle was erected by the Counts of Leiningen about the year 
 1200, and was afterwards enlarged; in 1510 it was restored in the Re- 
 naissance style, and in 1794 it was blown up by the French. The ruin is 
 surrounded with pleasant promenades. On the E. side, on the path from 
 the Limburg, there is a large grass-plot where tournaments were once 
 held, planted with fine lime-trees, and commanding a pleasing survey of 
 the valley. At the foot of the castle lies the village oi Hartenburg (Hirsch), 
 3 M. from Diirkheim by the high-road. — A walk from Hartenburg up 
 the pretty Isenachthal to Frankenstein (p. 259) takes about 3 hours. 
 
 To the N.W. of Diirkheim rises the wooded Kaslanienberg, the summit 
 of which is enclosed by a rude stone rampart, 57-100 ft. broad, 7-13 ft. 
 high, and about S'/'i M. in circumference, called the Heidenmauer, and 
 probably, like the similar structure on the Altkonig (p. 220), of ancient Ger- 
 manic origin. On the right the rampart is overtopped by the Teufelfstein, 
 a rock 13 ft. in height. The 'heathens'' wair and the abbey of Limburg 
 furnished Cooper with the background for one of his novels. The paths 
 are provided with finger-posts, which indicate the way to several good 
 points of view. 
 
 On tlie hill to the right, beyond Diirkheim, we observe the 
 Limburg, and nearer the railway rises the 'Flaggcnthurm' (view). — 
 '291/2 M. Wachenheim (Dalberger Hof), with 2400 inhab.; on the 
 hill lies the ruined Wachtenburg, or Geiersbitrg, once the property 
 of the Salic dukes, and afterwards that of tlie Counts Palatine, de- 
 stroyed in 1689. The handsome country-houses and gardens here 
 belong to wealthy wine-merchants. To the left lies Forst, a village 
 which yields excellent wine. — 3172 M. Deidesheim (Schuler) is 
 another wine-producing place and the residence of many extensive 
 vineyard-proprietors. 331/2 M. Konigsbach, with extensive sand- 
 stone-quarries. 341/2 M. Mussbach ; on the hill to the right lie the 
 long villages of Lobloch and Gimmeldingen (Hirsch). 
 
 37 M. Neustadt, see below. 
 
 36. From Ludwigshafen to Weissenburg and 
 Strassburg. 
 
 Railway to Weissenburg (48 M.) in 13/4-21/2 hrs. •, fares 6 Ji. 20, 4.10, 
 2.65 pf. •, express, 1 J( iO pf. or 4 Jf. — Express from Ludwigshafen to 
 Strassburg (89 M.) in 3V2 hrs. 5 fares 13 Jf, d J( QO pf. 
 
 Ludwigshafen, see p. 246. The train traverses the fertile plain 
 of the Rhine, with its extensive vineyards and fields of corn and 
 tobacco. — 3 M. Rheingdnheim; 5 M. Mutterstadt.
 
 NEUSTADT. 36. Route. 255 
 
 77.3 M. SchifFerstadt, the junction for Speyer (61/2 M. in 1/4 lir.), 
 Germersheim, and Strassburg (see p. 261). 
 
 The train approaches the Haardt Mts. — IQi/o M. Bohl-Iggel- 
 heim ; 121/2 M. Hassloch ; 19 M. Neustadt, junction for the lines to 
 Diirkheim, Alzey (R. 35), and Kaiserslautern-Neunkirchen (R. 37). 
 Carriages generally changed here. 
 
 Neustadt an der Haardt. — Hotels. ''Railway Hotel, in the Saal- 
 bau (see p. 246), with restaurant and garden, R., L., A., <fe B. 3, D. 2, 
 pens, with U. 5 J( (good wine); "Lowe, R. 2 Jf, B. 80 pf.. pens, with R. 
 from 4^2 Jf. — •Weisses Lamm; Baykischer Hof. — ~ Railway Restaurant ; 
 Old German Winehonse, Post-Strasse. 
 
 Neustadt, situated at the entrance to the valley of the Speyer- 
 hach, the largest town in the Haardt district (13,700 inhab.), pos- 
 sesses several manufactories, and carries on a considerable wine- 
 trade. (Palatinate wines, see Introd.) Near the station is the 
 Saalbau, a Renaissance edifice, built by a company in 1871-72 as 
 a hall for balls, concerts, and meetings. The handsome Gothic 
 Abbey Church, founded in 1354 and completed in 1489, contains 
 the tombstones of several of the Counts Palatine, the founders of 
 Neustadt. The Roman Catholic Ludwigskirche, a modern Gothic 
 church, was consecrated in 1862. The Stadthaus, formerly a Jesuit 
 college, was built in 1743. The Creche in the Hetzel-Platz, the Nep- 
 tune Fountain in the Strohmarkt, and the Hospital in the S.E. of 
 the town, were erected by Hr. Hetzel, a banker, to whom the cit- 
 izens have erected a monument to the N. of the Saalbau (see above). 
 
 Neustadt, being the intersecting point of the various railways 
 of the Palatinate, makes an admirable starting-point for excursions 
 in the Haardt district. Comp. the Map, p. 260. 
 
 About 1 M. to the W. of the station are the SchUtzenhaus (Restaurant), 
 aft'ording a good view of Neustadt, and the new Realschvle. Farther on, at 
 about the same height above the valley, opens the SchUnthal , with its 
 beautiful fountains (Restaurant) ; opposite rises the Wolfsburg (see below). 
 A walk through the Schtinthiil bring-! us to the (Vi M.) shady Kaltenhrunner- 
 Thal, which begins at the Konigsmiihle (Restaurant; one-horse carr. from 
 Neustadt 3 m.). — A pleasant path leads past the (3 M.) Kalte Brunnen 
 and through the Finsterthal (numerous finger-posts) to (2V2hrs.) theSchanzel, 
 in defending which the Prussian General von Pfau fell in 1794. Refresh- 
 ments may be obtained at the forester's house of Heldenstein, Thence 
 through the Triefenthal to Edenkdben (p. 256), 2 hrs. 
 
 About 11/2 M. to the N. of Neustadt lies the small village of Haardt, near 
 which rises the castle of Winzingen, or '■Haardter Schloss\ recently rebuilt 
 in the French Renaissance style. Beyond the village, near the church, are 
 the Wolfschen Anlagen (open to the public), which command an admirable 
 survey of the valley of the Rhine (evening-light best). — By the third 
 house in Haardt is a finger-post, indicating the way, leading past the 
 vineyards, and then to the right by the Kaiserweg, to the Wilhelms-Platz 
 (2 M. from Neustadt), which commands a superb view to the S. A zigzag 
 leads hence in 40 min. to the tower on the Weinbiet (1820 ft. , always 
 open), which commands an extensive view. Finger-posts indicate the way 
 thence to the (25 min.) Bergstein (1260 ft.) . affording a beautiful view 
 of Neustadt, the Speyerbachthal, and the Schonthal. From the Bergstein 
 we proceed to the (40 min.) ruin of Wolfshurg and thence to (40 min.) 
 Neustadt. 
 
 From Neustadt to the Maxburg, I1/4 hr. From the road to the W. 
 of the station we cross the viaduct and follow the road to the S. to
 
 256 Route 36. LANDAU. From Ludxviysha fen 
 
 (25 min.) Oberhamhach . Here we ascend the steep paved path to the right; 
 1/2 hr., finger-post; 25 min., the top. A much preferable route ascends 
 the Bergstrasse to the W., beyond the above-mentioned viaduct; after 200 
 paces we ascend a path to the left to (7 min.) a quarry, commanding a 
 fine view ofNeustadt. A finger-post here points out the way io ihe Nollen 
 and the Eohe Felsen, whence the Maxburg is visible (1^2 hr.). — The Max- 
 burg, or Hambacher Sc/iloss , formerly called the Kestenbnrg ('chestnut 
 castle"), is conspicuously situated on a spur of the Haardt. 1080 ft. above 
 the sea, and about 650 ft. above the plain (small fee to the custodian). 
 The handsome chateau was re-erected in the Gothic style by Veit, by 
 order of King Max II. of Bavaria, but is in a neglected condition. The 
 mediaeval castle is said to have been built by Emp. Henry 11. 
 
 A steep path descends from the Maxburg by Unterhambach to (V2 hr.) 
 Diedesfeld and (V2 hr.) the railway-station of Maikammer (see below). — Or 
 from the Maxburg we may proceed to {}!•> hr.) the villasre of Maikammer, 
 (1 hr.) Edenkoben, (V2 hr.) Rhodt^ and the Villa Ludwigshohe (see below). 
 
 Neustadt is a terminal station. The train next skirts the exten- 
 sive vineyards of the Haardt district, commanding beautiful views, 
 especially by morning light. — 22^/2 M. Maikammer - Kirriveiler 
 (*Rail. Restaur.) ; to the right rises the Maxburg (see above ; 1 hr. from 
 here); farther distant is thelKalmit (2230 ft.). On a height more to 
 the S., by the village of St. Martin, 2 M. from Maikammer, are the 
 ruins of the Kropshurg. 
 
 24V2 j^I- Edenkoben (^Schaaf, with pleasant garden), a cheer- 
 ful little town of 4900 inhab., with a sulphur-spring, is much fro 
 quented for the grape-cure in autumn. Near the thriving village of 
 Rhodt, 3 M. from Edenkoben, is seen the royal Villa Ludwigshohe, 
 built by King Lewis I. of Bavaria after Gartner's designs (charm- 
 ing view), above which rises the ruined Rieihurg or Rippburg. 
 
 26 m. Edesheim; 28V2 M. Knoringen. The train crosses the 
 Queich, which formed the boundary between Alsace and the Palatinate 
 down to 1815, and separates the Vosges and Haardt Mts. 
 
 3OY2 M. Landau ('-^Schwan; Korber), a town with 11, 100 inhab. 
 (1/2 Protestants), was a fortified place at an early period. In the 
 Thirty Years' War it was besieged and taken seven times; in 1680 
 it was captured by Louis XIV., and in 1686 it was fortified by 
 Vauban. From the Peace of Rastatt (1714) down to 1815 it re- 
 mained in the hands of the French, after which it was annexed to 
 Bavaria. In 1867 the fortifications were removed. The town has 
 recently much extended beside the "W. station (see below). 
 
 From Landau to Germersheim, see p. 264. 
 
 From Landau to Annweiler and Ziceibriicken, see R. 39. 
 
 About 5 M. to the X.W. of Landau (diligence twice daily in IV4 hr.) is 
 the village of Gleisweiler (1065 ft.), which lies at the foot of the Teufels- 
 berg (1950 ft.; view of the Vosges), with a large Hydropathic (whey, grape, 
 and 'cow-house air' cures K. 1-2, pens. 3-4 .///). — Pleasant walk of I'/s hr. 
 to the S.W. to the ruin of Scharfeneck, with fine views. 
 
 To the right are visible the Madenburg, the Trifels, the Miinz- 
 berg, and the Rehberg (comp. p. 266). — 34 M. Insheim; 35 V2 M. 
 Rohrbach. 
 
 Diligence twice daily in IV2 hr. from Rohrbach to (7 M.) Klingen- 
 mmsier, on the Klingbach, at the foot of the Haardt. The ruined Bene- 
 dictine convent was founded in 650 by Dagobert II. Klingenmiinster also 
 contains the extensive District Lunatic Asylum.
 
 to Strasshurg. WORTH. 38. Route. 257 
 
 38 M. Winden, junction for Maxau and CarlsruJie (see p. 318). 
 
 Fbom Win'den' to Bergzabern, 6 M. , railway in 1/2 hr. (fares 55, 
 35 pf.). — Intermediate stations : Barhelroth-Oberhausen ^ Kopellen-Drusweiler. 
 Bergzabern (Rossle; Pflug) is an old town of 2200 inhab., with partly-pre- 
 served fortifications. Diligence hence once daily to (16 M.) Dahn (p". 267). 
 
 421/2 M. Schaidt-Steinfeld ; 45 M. Kapsweyer, the last Bavarian 
 station. The train enters Alsace and crosses the Lauter. To the left 
 are the Bienwald and the Geisberg (see below). 
 
 48 M. Weissenburg (*Engel, Schtvan, in the town; Hot. de 
 l Europe, Di'irr, at the railway-station), a very ancient town with 
 (3000 inhab., mentioned in history as early as the Merovingian kings, 
 was the seat of an independent abbey, founded by Dagobert II., 
 down to 1534. The *Abhey Church of St. Peter and St. Paul is a 
 noble example of the early-Gothic style (13th cent.), with a tower 
 above the crossing of the transept. In the interior are flue stained- 
 glass windows, of the 13th (Romanesque; on the 8. side), 14th, and 
 15th centuries. It is adjoined on the N. side by handsome Gothic 
 cloisters, which have been recently restored and converted into a 
 Museum of Antiquities. The Johanniskirche, partly Romanesque in 
 style, and many of the private houses are also interesting edifices. 
 
 On 4th Ang., 1870, part of the German army under the Crown Prince 
 of Prussia gained a decisive victory here over the French under Abel Donay. 
 The town, defended by a simple" wall, and the Geisberg, 2 31. to the S'., 
 were occupied by the French, but were attacked by Prussians from the E. 
 and Bavarians from the N., and both taken after" a severe struggle. In 
 order to form an idea of the nature of the ground, the traveller should 
 follow the Lauterburg road, turn to the rightabout 1 M. from the station, 
 cross the railway, and proceed by a footpath to the (3/4 M.) Ouileuthof anA 
 the (3/4 M.) chateau of Geisberg. now a farm-house, round which the 
 straggle wa.s very hotly contested. Fine view from the terrace on the E. 
 side. Douay fell at the top of the hill, on the way to which numerous 
 graves of the fallen are passed. The traveller may now return by the 
 Hagenau road on the W. side, a round of 2-21/2 hrs.in all. 
 
 About 3 M. from Weissenburg a new path, diverging to the right from 
 the Bitsch road , ascends in i/".' br. to the view-tower or the top of the 
 Scherhohl (1660 ft.) — The Bitsch road leads farther on to (81/2 M.) Lero- 
 harh and (151/2 M.) Obersteinbach (p. 26S). 
 
 On quitting Weissenburg the train describes a circuit round the 
 Geisberg, and passes stations Riedselz, Hunspach, and Hofen. 
 
 58 M. Sulz unterm Wald (Rossle), the best starting-point for 
 a visit to the battlefield of 6th Aug., 1870. — At Lobsann and 
 Schwahw tiler, near Sulz, petroleum and asphalt are obtained. 
 
 Leaving the station, the traveller follows the road as far as the middle 
 of the village, and then turns to the left. Beyond the village the road to 
 (I2V2 M.) Reichshofen leads to the left to Kutzenhausen and Merckiceiler. 
 On the right, a little farther, lies Preusc/idorf, whence the 5th Prussian 
 corps marched on the morning of 6th August. At the point where the road 
 begins to descend into the valley of the tSaieer , a few paces beyond a 
 finger-post (4' 2 M. from Sulz), which indicates the road to Tieferibach to 
 the left, and Goersdorf to the right, an admirable view of the entire 
 battle-field is disclosed (the Crown-Prince was stationed in the fields to 
 the right) : in the valley opposite the spectator lies Worth (* Weisses Pferd), 
 with its ancient castle-tower, beyond which Froschweiler and Elsasshausen, 
 situated on the hill, formed the centre of the French position. The 
 Germans found Worth unoccupied by the French, and at once took pos- 
 
 Baedekkk's Rhine. 12th Edit. 17
 
 258 Route 3n. HAGENAU. 
 
 session of it. successfully resisting all attempts to dislodge them. Mac 
 Maohn's position extended along the heights from Eherbach on his right 
 to Neehweiler on his left, a distance of about 4 Jt^ and far too extended 
 for his 45,000 men. The Crown-Prince took the direction of the German 
 army about 1 o'clock and no doubt discovered this weakness. The central 
 position of the French at Froschweiler could, mo longer be maintained, 
 when the 11th corps, advancing from Gunstett behind the woods, doubled 
 up Mc. Jlahon's right wing and stormed Elsasshausen, and the Bavarians 
 marched up from Langensulzhnch , the red roofs of which peep through 
 the woods on the right. From Worth (following the road to the right in 
 the village) to Froschweiler is a walk of 20 minutes. The church of 
 Froschweiler was destroyed, with the exception of the outer walls, but 
 a new one, the tower of which overlooks the whole of the battle-field, 
 has been built. To the S.E. of Eberhach ^ in the direction of Morsbi'on7i, 
 is the point where the French cavalry made its gallant onset , which 
 certainly covered the retreat of the infantry, but resulted in the destruc- 
 tion of the whole brigade of horse. The battlefield is now studded 
 with monuments, the principal German one being near Elsasshausen and 
 the largest French to the N. of the road from Worth to Froschweiler. From 
 Froschweiler to Reichshofen fp. 277), 2V4 M. •, and on to Niederbronn (p. 277), 
 2 M. more. — Comp. the Map, p. 260. 
 
 The line now traverses part of the Forest of Hagenau, which is 
 45,000 acres in extent. — 6872 M. Walburg, with a fine church of 
 the 15th century. Branch-line to (5' 2 M-) Worth (see above), 
 via Bihlisheim, Durrenhach, and Morsbronn. 
 
 68Y2 M. Hagenau [EuropdischerHof^ with garden ; Post ; Andres, 
 at the station"), with 14,700 inhabitants , was once a free town of 
 the German Empire and a fortress, the works of which are partly 
 preserved. The walls were erected by Emp. Frederick I. in 1164. 
 The palace built by the same emperor, afterwards a favourite re- 
 sidence of the Hohenstaufen, was burned by the French in 1678. 
 Part of the conspicuous Church of St. George dates from the 12th 
 century. The choir contains a huge wooden figure of Christ, executed 
 in 1488. The fine candelabrum of the 13th cent., and the modern 
 stained glass also deserve attention. Herr Nessel possesses a col- 
 lection of coins and antiquities found in the vicinity. — To the E. 
 of the town and S. of the Hagenauer Wald lie the artillery-ranges. 
 — Railway to Saargemiind, Metz, and Saarbriicken, see p. 277. 
 
 71 M. Marienthal, with a nunnery, dissolved in 1789 ; 73 M. 
 Bischweller, with cloth-manufactories. The train now crosses the 
 Zorn. — 731/2 M. Kurzenhausen ; 79 M. Hbrdt. 
 
 83 M. Vendenheim, junction for the Saarburg-Zabern line {R. 42). 
 Then several unimportant villages, near which are some of the 
 outworks of Strassburg. — 89 M. Strassburg, p. 268. 
 
 37. From Mannheim (Ludwigshafen) to Neunkirchen 
 
 {Saarhrilchen] . 
 
 72 M. Railway (P/dlzische Eisenbahn) in 2V4-4 hrs. 5 fares 9 M 50, 
 G.30, 4.10 pf. (express 10 Jl 80, 7 Jl 60 pf.). 
 
 The train crosses the Rhine by the Railway Bridge (p. 246), 
 which affords a pleasing glimpse of the river, to [2 M.) Ludwigs- 
 hafen (p. 246). Thence to (21 M.) Neustadt, see p. 255.
 
 KAISERSLAUTERN. 37. Route. 259 
 
 Neiistadt is the junction of the line to Diirkheim [R. 35") and to 
 Landau (R. 36). The Saarbriicken line now enters the mountain- 
 district of the Westrich. For an hour the train winds up the wooded 
 ravine of the Speyerbach, and penetrates the variegated sandstone 
 rocks by means of 12 tunnels. Beyond Neustadt, on a hill to the 
 right, stand the red ruins of the Wolfsburg. 
 
 25 M. Lambrecht - Grevenhausen (Pfselzer Hof) , two villages 
 founded by French emigrants, with extensive military and other 
 cloth-factories. About II/4 M. farther on, at Frankeneck, a paper- 
 making village, the valley divides. The branch to the left, through 
 which flows the Speyerbach, is named the Elmsteiner-Thal ; that 
 to the right is named the Frankensteiner-Thal, and is watered 
 by the Hochspeyerbach. The train ascends the latter. 
 
 Farther on, on a height to the right, are the ruins of Neidenfeh . 
 29 M. Weidenthal, with two new churches. — 32 M. Frankenstein 
 (Kolsch, Haffen), one of the most picturesque points in the valley, 
 with the ruins of a 'castle of that name. On the other side of the 
 valley, above the tunnel, which is 1487 yds. in length, is another 
 old ruined castle. On the right are the Teufelsleiter, and in a se- 
 questered side-valley, also to the right , the ruin of Diemerstein, 
 surrounded by promenades. 
 
 From Lambrecht (3 lirs.), from Weidenthal (2 hrs.), or from Franken- 
 stein (2 hrs.) we may visit the Drachenstein , commanding a fine view; 
 1/2 hr. below the top is the Siegfriedsbrunnen. Thence to (4 hrs.) Diirkheim, 
 by the Isenach valley (see p. 254.). 
 
 35 M. Hochspeyer {jilbit.^^ the highest station on the line, is 
 the junction for the Alsenzbahn to Miinster am Stein and Kreuznach 
 (see p. 155). The line is carried through the Heiliyenlerg (water- 
 shed) by means of a tunnel 1485 yds. in length. 
 
 411/., M. Kaiserslautern C^Schwan, R., L., A , & B. 2i 2-31/2, 
 D. 2 e// 20; Karlsberg, R., L., c\L- A. 2 J/ 20-2 J/ 50, D.' 2 e//; 
 Krafft ; Post), one of the chief towns in the Palatinate, situated 
 in the hilly tract of the Westrich, with 39,000 inhab. , and 
 considerable spinning factories, iron-works, and breweries, was 
 once a residence of Emp. Frederick Barbarossa, who erected a 
 magnificent palace here in 1153. The building was destroyed during 
 the Spanish War of Succession, and the site is now occupied by a 
 house of correction. The Protestant Church with its three towers 
 owes its foundation to the same monarch, but in its present form 
 belongs to the 13th and 14th centuries. Tt contains a marble mon- 
 ument in memory of the union of the Protestant churches by 
 Knoll, with an allegorical figure and the statues of Luther and 
 Calvin (1883). The Provincial Museum is open daily, except Frid., 
 10-12 and 2-4 (adm. 50, on Sun. 20 pf.). A battle was fought at 
 Kaiserslautern in 1793 between the Prussians and the French. 
 
 Frok KAiSERSLArxEKN TO Lautekecken, 21 31., railway in 21/4 hrs. 
 (fares 1 U^ 90, 1 Jl 20 pf.). From the station of (5V2 M.) Lampertsmiifile, 
 a diligence plies thrice daily in 1/2 hr. to (272 M.) Otterberg, with a Oi.ster- 
 cian abbey founded in 1134 and now suppressed. The abbey-church, an 
 
 17*
 
 260 Route 38. ZWEIBRUCKEN. 
 
 imposing structure in the Transition style, was probably completed in 
 1225. — 151/2 M. Wolfsteiii, at the foot of the Emigsberg (1780 ft. ; ancient 
 tombs, remains of Roman buildings). On the left are the ruins of Neu- 
 wolf stein, built by Rudolph 1. in 1275, and of the former imperial castle of 
 Altwol/siein. — 21 M. Lautevecken. Diligence hence once daily in 1 2 hr. to 
 (3 M. farther up the valley of the Glan) Offenbach am Glan (Gerlach, Schaun, 
 both good), the ''Abbey-church of which is one of the most important 
 examples of the Transition Style. Of the original edifice, which was built 
 about 1170-90, only the choir, the transepts, and two side-apses like chapels 
 now remain. 
 
 Between Kaiserslaiitern and Homburg the line runs near the 
 'Kaiserstrasse', a road constructed by Napoleon, and skirts the 
 Landstuhler Bruch, an extensive moor at the base of wooded hills. — 
 49 M. Kindsbach. 
 
 51 M. Landstuhl (*Engel, in the town ; Burgard^ at the station), 
 a small town with 3600 inhab., was once a seat of the Sickingen 
 family, whose castle Nannstein or Nannstuhl, with its huge walls, 
 25 ft. thick, lies in ruins above the town. Franz von Sickingen 
 (p. 154) was besieged here by the Electors of the Palatinate and 
 Treves in 1523, and lost his life by the falling of a beam. His re- 
 mains were interred in a vault under the church, but the monument 
 erected to his memory was destroyed by the French. Another has 
 recently been erected by Freiherr von Stumm of Neunkirchen, and 
 the paths about the castle have been repaired. Keys at the forester s. 
 
 From Landstuhl to Kusel, 18 M.. branch-railway in 11/2-2 hrs. (fares 
 
 1 Ji( 60 pf., 1 Jf). The line intersects the Landstuhler Bruch (see above). 
 3 31. Ramstein; 5M. Steinwenden; I'bl. Niedermohr. At(S3/4M.) Glan-Miinch- 
 weiler the attractive valley of the Glan is entered, and followed via Rehtcellery 
 Eisenbach- Matzenbach, and Theisbergstegen to (15 M.) Altenglan. The line 
 then turns in a sharp angle towards the W., and enters the Kuseler Thai. 
 Kusel (Maimer Hof), a busy town of 3000 inhab., with cloth and other 
 factories. In the neighbourhood are large syenite quarries. 
 
 541/2 M. Hauptstuhl; 57 M. Bruchmiihlbach. — 64 M. Homburg 
 (*Du7nmler), a small town with 4300 inhabitants. 
 
 From Hombdrg to Zweibeucken, 7 M., railway in 1/2 hr. (fares 65 pf., 
 45 pf.). — Isear (4 M.) Schwarzenacker is the former convent of Wersch- 
 wciler. From (5 M.) Einod to Saarbriicken and Saargemiind, see below. 
 — 7 M. Zweibriicken ("Zweibriicker Hof; Pfalzer Hof), formerly the re- 
 sidence of the Dukes of Zweibriicken, and known to the literary world 
 as the place where the Editiones Biponliuae of classical authors were 
 published. It is now a town of 10,6G5 inhab., and contains the chief court 
 of the Bavarian Palatinate, which occupies the old castle. When Charles X. 
 Gustavus of the Zweibriicken family ascended the Swedish throne, the 
 duchy became subject to Sweden, which it continued to be till the death 
 of Charles XII. in 1719. The Alexandevkirche contains the burial-vaults of 
 the ducal house. The Roman Catholic Church is a handsome building in 
 the Gothic style. — To Landau, see p. 265. 
 
 From Zweibrijcken to Saarbruoken, 2IV2M., railway in I1/4 hr. (fares 
 
 2 Jif 90, 1.90, 1.20), via (2 31.) EinHd (see above) and (13i/2 31.) St. Ingbert, 
 an industrious town with 10,900 inhab. The other stations are unimport- 
 ant. — Saarbriicken, see p. 158. 
 
 From ZweibrCcken to Saargemijnd, 23 31., railway in IV3 hr. (fares 
 2J(,iJ(dO pf.). Unimportant stations. — 23 M. SaargemUnd, see p. 278. 
 
 Beyond (68 M.) Bexbach the line enters a productive coal-district 
 in Prussia. 697-2 M. Wellesireiler. 72 M. Neunkirchen (p. 158).
 
 
 iMaikammer 2Hm.» 'landai 
 1:50.000 ? 
 
 Snglisli lAile
 
 261 
 
 38. From Mannheim to Speyer, and to Strassburg 
 via Germersheim and Lauterburg. 
 
 82 M. Railway in 441/2 trs.; fares 10 JllO. T.iO. 4.60 pf. (to Speyer, 
 14 M.. in V2-3/4 tr. -, 1 ^ 80. 1.20, 75 pf.). This line affords the shortest 
 route between Frankfort on the Main and Strassburg (express-train in 
 4V2 hrs.). — From SchweUingen (Heidelberg) to Speyer. see p. 234. 
 
 From Ludwigshafen ^Mannheim, p. 246) to (71/2 M.) Schiffer- 
 stadt, see p. 255. The line to Speyer diverges here to the left from 
 the Landau line (R. 36). 
 
 14 m. Speyer. — Omnibus into the town, 30 pf. — The principal station 
 (PI. A, 1), is about s/i M. from the cathedral, to which the road leads in 
 a straight direction; the Rhenish station of the Schwetzingen line (PI. E, 3) 
 is only 1/4 M. from the cathedral. 
 
 Hotels. WiTTELSBACHEE HoF (PI. a; C, 4), Ludwigs-Str., R., L., & 
 A. IV2-5. B. 1 Jl; Rheinischer Hof (PI- b ; B, 3), Maximilians-Str., R., 
 L , & A. 11/2-21/2, D. 21/2 J(, B. 80 pf.; 'Pfalzer Hof (PI. c; C, 3), Maxi- 
 uiilians-Strasse. 
 
 Restaurant. Deutsche opposite the station. — Beer at Schultz's and at 
 Schwarz''s, with a large garden, both in the Eisenbahn-Str. — Wine at Sick\<!, 
 Konigs-Platz. — Cct/e Weiss, Maximilians-Str.; Cafe Moos, Konigs-Platz. 
 
 Speyer, or Spires (325 ft. ), the capital of the Bavarian Palatinate, 
 with 17,600 inhab. (2/5 Prot.), lies nearthe left bank of the Rhine at 
 the influx of the Speyerhach. 
 
 Speyer was the Roman Augusta Kemetum, became an episcopal see in 
 the 4th cent., and was frequently the residence of the German emperors. 
 The city prospered greatly under the Salic emperors, who repeatedly granted 
 privileges to the loyal inhabitants, embellished the old palace, and built 
 the celebrated cathedral, which was regarded as the burial-church of the 
 German emperors for nearly five centuries. As a free city of the empire 
 Speyer enjoyed a high reputation. Of the numerous imperial diets held 
 here the most important was that of 1529, under Charles V., after which 
 the princes and estates who had espoused the cause of the Reformation 
 received the name of Protestants, from their protest against the resolution 
 of the hostile majority. [A 'Protestanten-Kirche' is to be erected in com- 
 memoration of this event.] The city was destroyed by the French in 1689, 
 and has only recently begun to prosper again. 
 
 The *Cathedral (PI. D, 3), the great attraction of the place, is 
 open 9-11 a.m., and 2-6 p.m. ; admission to the choir and crypt by 
 tickets only (35 pf.), obtained from the sacristan. The old-German 
 altar-piece and the cartoons in the Chapel of St. Catharine are 
 shown for a fee of 1 m. and 35 pf. respectively. — The cathedral 
 was founded in 1030 by Conrad II. (d. 1039) as a burial-place 
 for himself and his successors, and continued by his son Henry III. 
 (d. 1056) and his grandson Henry IV. (d. 1106), all of whom 
 found a resting-place within its precincts. The remains of Henry IV., 
 who had been excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII., were not 
 deposited here till live years after his death , during which period 
 his body remained unburied in the Chapel of St. Afra, on the N. 
 side of the cathedral, which he himself had erected. His son Henry V. 
 (d. 1125), the last of the Salic imperial family, is also interred 
 here, as well as Philip of Swabia (d. 1208), Rudolph of Haps- 
 burg (d. 1291), Adolph of Nassau (d. 1298), and Albert I. of 
 Austria (d. 1308), by whose hand Adolph fell at GoUheim (p. 252).
 
 202 Route 38. 
 
 SPEYEll. 
 
 From Mannheim 
 
 After the murder of Albert 1., the Emp. lleiiry VII. caused the 
 remains of the rival monarchs to be deposited in the same vault. 
 Here, too, repose Gisela, the pious consort of Conrad II., Bertha, 
 
 queen of Henry IV., and 
 Beatrice, wife of Barbarossa, 
 with her daughter Agnes. 
 
 The cathedral was mucli 
 injured by tire in 1450, but 
 was soon restored. On 31st 
 May, 1689, the town and 
 the cathedral were ravaged 
 with fire and sword by the 
 hirelings of 'his most Chris- 
 tian majesty' Louis XIV., 
 under Louvois , Montclar, 
 andMe'lac. The tombs of the 
 emperors were ransacked, 
 the town was committed to 
 the flames and completely 
 destroyed, and other atro- 
 cities were committed. After 
 the restoration by the Wiirz- 
 burg architect Neumann 
 (1772-84), the church was 
 once more subjected to de- 
 vastation on 10th-20th Jan. , 
 1794, and was converted 
 into a magazine. It was not 
 till 1822 that it was at length 
 restored to its sacred pur- 
 poses. The interior was 
 decorated by order of Le- 
 wis I., King of Bavaria, in 1845-53 ; and the re-erection of the W. 
 facade, under the superintendence ofHiibsch, took place in 1854-58. 
 The church is a simple , but vast and imposing Romanesque 
 basilica. Length 147 yds., length of transept 60 yds., breadth of 
 nave 15 yds., height of nave 105 ft., height of W. towers 240 ft. 
 The nave seems to have been originally covered with a flat wooden 
 roof, for which the present vaulting was afterwards substituted. 
 
 The Facade has three portals. Over the central one is the 
 imperial double - eagle , over the side - entrances the lion of the 
 Palatinate. The large rose -window in front has a head of the 
 Saviour crowned with thorns in the centre, on a gold ground, and 
 in the corners the emblems of the Evangelists, The handsome arcade 
 at the top runs round the Avhole building. (The visitor should walk 
 round this arcade and ascend the tower; sexton 75 pf.) 
 
 In the vestibule, or Kaiser-Halle, are niches of gilded mosaic,
 
 to Strassbury. SPEYEK. S^'S. Route. 263 
 
 ill which sandstone statues of the emperors interred in the Kings' 
 Choir, by Dietrich and Fernkorn, were placed in 1858. 
 
 The four reliefs are by Pilz : Conrad laying the foundation of the 
 cathedral; Rudolph and the priest with the host; Rudolph receiving the 
 tidings of his election to the throne; the same emperor taking the cross 
 from the altar in default of a sceptre at his coronation at Aix-la-Chapelle. 
 Over the principal inner portal is represented the dedication of the church 
 to the Virgin, on the left St. Bernard and St. Stephen, on the right John 
 the Baptist and the painter Schraudolph. 
 
 The *Intbrior is adorned with Frbscobs by Schraudolph, 32 
 in number, which owe their origin to the artistic taste of Lewis I. 
 and Max II., kings of Bavaria, and are among the finest specimens 
 of modern German art. They were executed by Joh. Schraudolph 
 (d. 1879), assisted by C. Schraudolph and others, in 1845-53; 
 decorations by Jos. Schwarzmann. They represent Old Testament 
 events prophetic of -the Redemption, scenes from the lives of 
 Christ and the Madonna , and numerous single figures of prophets 
 and saints. 
 
 In the Kings' Choir, on broad pedestals, are two large *Statues : 
 right, Rudolph of Hapsburg [d. 1291), in Tyrolese marble, by 
 Schwanthaler, in a sitting posture; left, theEmp. Adolph of Nassau 
 [d. 1298: p. 261), in sandstone, by Ohnmacht, in a kneeling position. 
 On the right andleft of the passage of the principal choir two i?eiie/s, 
 formerly in the vaults, are built into the walls, each containing 
 likenesses of four emperors and bearing ancient inscriptions. 
 
 The Chapel of St. Afra was built in 1097-1103, but was after- 
 wards altered. — The Baptistery, in the S. aisle, dates from the 
 12th century. Above it (entrance from the S. transept ) is the Chapbl 
 OF St. Catharine, originally dating from the 13th cent, but almost 
 entirely rebuilt in 1857 ; it contains the cartoons for Schraudolph's 
 frescoes and an early-German altarpiece (adm., see p. 261). 
 
 The Cbypt beneath the choir and the transept , restored in 
 1857, is architecturally interesting. It belong^ in its entirety to 
 the old building, consecrated in 1039, and contains the ancient 
 tombstone of Rudolph of Hapsburg, restored in 1858. 
 
 The ancient Churchyard (PI. D, 3) is now a promenade. Op- 
 posite the N.E. corner of the church is the Domnapf, or cathedral- 
 bowl , a large vessel of sandstone , once marking the boundary be- 
 tween the episcopal and civic jurisdiction. Every new bishop was 
 obliged , after binding himself to respect the liberties of the town, 
 to fill the Napf with wine , which was then drunk to his health by 
 the townspeople. The fragments of the ^ Mount of Olives', to the S. 
 of the cathedral, constructed in 1511 , are the sole remains of the 
 cloisters, which were built in 1437-44 and destroyed at the end of 
 the 18th century. At the back of the cathedral are a large Fountain, 
 a Statue of Fortune and busts of Schwerd. the astronomer, and 
 Stengel, the maker of the promenade. — Among the trees to the E. 
 of the choir rises the Heidenthiirmchen (Heathens' Tower; PI. E,3),
 
 264 Route 36. GEKMERSIIEIM. 
 
 the substructure of which may be of Roman origin. It probably 
 belonged to the town-wall built in 1080 by Bishop lludger. 
 
 The devastations of the French have left few notable buildings 
 of antiquity at Speyer. An unsightly wall by the Protestant church 
 preserves the name of the ancient Retscher (PL 9; C, D, 3), an im- 
 perial palace where the diets were held. The line old gate-tower, 
 at the W. end of the Maximilians-Strasse, is named the Altportel 
 (PL B, 3). 
 
 The Museum (PI. 8; B, 2), in the Real-Schule ^ contains tro- 
 phies of the war of 1870-71 , a cabinet of natural history , a few 
 pictures, and an important *Collection of Roman Antiquities found 
 in the Palatinate. Adm. daily for a fee (Sun. 1-3 
 
 From Speyer the railway proceeds past Berghausen , Heiligen- 
 stein, and Lingenfeld to (23 M.) Germersheim (Elephant; Salm), 
 an old town at the confluence of the Queich (p. 256) and the Rhine, 
 fortified since 1835. Rudolph of Hapsburg died here in 1291. 
 
 Froji Germeksheim to Landau, 13 M., railway in '/-J-'A ^i"- (1 ^^ ^*J> 
 1 J( 15, 75 pf., or 2 Jl, 1 ^/ 40 pf.). Stations, Westheim. Lustadt, Zeiskam, 
 Hochstadt, and DreiUof. Landau, see p. '247. — To Bruchsal^ see p. 311. 
 
 26 M. Sondernheim ; 29'/2 -^1- Bellheim; 31^2 ^^- Billzheim; 
 341/2 M. Rheinzabern, on the Erlenhack; 38 M. Jockgrlm. 
 
 391/2 ^1- Wbrih ^ the junction of the Carlsruhe - Landau line 
 (p. 318). 421/2 M. Hayenbach; 44 M. Neuburg ; 46 M. Berg. The 
 train then crosses the Lauter, which forms the boundary between 
 the Bavarian Palatinate and Alsace. 
 
 47 M. LAVLterhuTglBLumeJ was once fortified, and is frequently 
 mentioned in the annals of the old wars between the French and 
 Germans. The Rathhaus contains a Roman altar. — 49 M. Mothern; 
 53 M. Selz, with a Gothic chapel. 58 M. Roeschwoog. 
 
 62 M. Sesenheim or Sessenheim (Anker), the scene of Goethe's 
 intimacy with Frederica Brion (1770-71). The church and parsonage 
 have since been rebuilt. The wooded hill Avith the arbour in which 
 Goethe and Frederica used to converse has been purchased by a 
 number of the poet's admirers, and the arbour has been renewed. 
 
 65 M. Drusenheim; 68 M. Herlishehn, on the Zorn ; 7OI/2 M. 
 Gambsheim, with an old chapel; 74 M. Wanzenau, with Fort Fran- 
 sccky; 79 M. Bischhehn. 82 M. Strassburg, p. 268. 
 
 39. From Landau to Zweibriicken. The Vosges of 
 the Palatinate. 
 
 The picturesque mountainous district to the S. of the Queich, which 
 belongs to the Wasgad, is well worthy of a visit, and may be explored 
 in 2-3 days. 1st Bay: Railway to Aimweiler, walk to the Trifels and the 
 Madenburg, and thence by the Rehberg to the Lindelbrunner Forslhaus and 
 Schloss; about 6 hrs. in all. — 2nd Day: Walk via VurderweidtnthcU, the 
 Drachen/els, Schloss Dahn, and Dahn to Kalienbach, or via Rvmbach to 
 Schmau, and Rumbach, 6 hrs. — 3rd Day : On foot to the Wegelburg and 
 the Bohenburg and on to Fleckenstein, proceeding thence either via Hirsch-
 
 ANNWEILER. 39. Route. 265 
 
 thai, Schonau^ and the Wasigenslein to Niederhi'onn (7 hrs.), or via Lembach 
 to Weissenburg (6 hrs.) or Woi'th (5V2 brs.). 
 
 From Landau to Zweibruckbn, 45 M., railway in i^/^-S^/^hrs. 
 (fares, 2nd cl. 3 J/ 80, 3rd cl. 2 J^ 45 pf., express - fares 1st cl. 
 6 ^/ 50, 2nd cl. 4 ^// 70 pf.). — Leaving the principal station 
 at Landau , the train stops again on the W. side of the town , and 
 then ascends the valley of the Qiieich, which soon contracts. The 
 Queich is crossed several times. — 33/^ M. Godramstein. From 
 (5 M.) Siebeldingen (Adler) a road leads via Birkweiler^ Ransbach^ 
 and Leinsweiler to [3 1/2 M.) Eschbach, at the foot of the Madenburg 
 (p. 266). 61/4 M. Aliersweiler (about 31/2 M. to the N.W. is the 
 village of Eusserthal, with a Romanesque Cistercian church dating 
 from the middle of the 13th cent.). — 9'/2^1- Anmveiler, see below ; 
 the station lies on the left bank of the Queich, the town on the 
 right. The narrow green valley of the Queich, at this point known 
 as the 'Annweiler Thai', is enclosed by wooded hills , from which 
 the variegated sandstone protrudes in picturesque and fantastic 
 forms. — 12 M. Rinnthal; I41/2 M. Wilgartswiesen, with a hand- 
 some church by Voit. 
 
 Wilgartswiesen makes a good centre for excursions in the Vosges of 
 the Palatinate. — To Sculoss Dahn: about 1/2 M. from the village, we 
 diverge from the road to the right, and follow the course of the stream. 
 At (I/2 hr.) Hauenstein (see below) we cross the brook and proceed along 
 a sandy path on the other side. In V2 hr. more a pine-wood is reached, 
 through which we ascend a somewhat steep incline to (1/2 hr.) a chapel, 
 beyond which we descend; 20 min. Erfweiler; 1/2 hr. more Schloss Dahn 
 (p. 267). — To THE LiNDELBEDNNEE ScHLOss : wc take the road by Spirkel- 
 bach and Schwanheim to Darslein., and then skirting the cliffs of Darstein 
 on the S., follow the path leading from Gossersweiler to the Lindelbrunner 
 Forsthaus (p. 266). 
 
 17 M. Hauenstein; 21 M. Hinterweidenthal-Kaltenbach fdili- 
 geiice thrice daily to Dahn; 5M., p. 267); 24V2M. MiXnchweiler. — 
 The line now crosses the watershed between the tributaries of the 
 Rhine and of the Nahe. — 28 M. Rodalben; 30 M. Biebermuhte, 
 where a branch-line diverges to Pirmasenz (Greiner), an industrial 
 town with 21,000 inhab., named after St. Pirmin, who preached 
 here in the 8th century. From 1764 to 1790 the landgrave Ludwig IX. 
 of Darmstadt had his residence in the town, which passed to Bavaria 
 in 1815. The Protestant church contains the landgrave's monument. 
 — Several unimportant stations. 45 M. Zweibrucken, see p. 260. 
 
 Annweiler (590 ft. ; Pfdlzer Hof, at the station, pens. 4-41/2 J^] 
 Schxi'an, with beer-garden, both well spoken of) is a small and 
 ancient town of 2600 inhab., with aRathhaus by Voit, built in 1844. 
 The Krappenfels, Buchholzfels, Wetterberg, and other fine points in 
 the neighbourhood , have lately been made easily accessible by 
 means of footpaths and finger-posts. 
 
 From the E. entrance of Annweiler (in the direction of Landau) 
 a road, diverging to the S. from the high-road, ascends towards 
 the village of Bindersbach^ and from it a footpath ascends to the left 
 through wood, dividing into two branches, both of which lead to the
 
 266 Route 39. MADENBUllG. Vo>«j€s of the. 
 
 Trifels in 1 lir. (_de8ceiit 1/2 ^^O- The ancient imperial fortress of 
 •■'•Trifels (1515 ft. ; Refreshments) was founded as early as the 10th 
 cent. , but tlie present scanty ruins date from about the middle of 
 the 12th century. Trifels was not unfrequently occupied by the 
 German emperors. Its walls protected the unhappy Henry IV., 
 when excommunicated by Pope Gregory "VII. in 1076, and deserted 
 by his nobles. It also served as a prison for Adalbert, Archbishop 
 of Mayence , who was confined here by Henry V., but released by 
 the citizens of Mayence. It was here that Richard Cceur de Lion is 
 said to have been confined for more than a year by the Emp. 
 Henry VI., until his liberation was effected by the faithful Blondel. 
 After the Thirty Years' War the castle fell to decay. The central 
 tower, 33 ft. in height, and the chapel have recently been restored. 
 In cleaning the castle-well, the spring, cut in the rock, was dis- 
 covered at a depth of 270 ft. The view is similar to that from the 
 Madenburg, but less extensive towards the E. 
 
 The hill occupied by the Trifels is the northernmost eminence 
 of a range 1 M. in length , the other two summits of which bear 
 the ruins of Anehos and Scharfenbery , the latter , with its square 
 tower 66 ft. in height, being usually known as the Miinz. A pleas- 
 ant path, provided with several finger-posts, skirts the S.W. slope 
 of this range, passing these ruins. Farther on it descends, but after- 
 wards again ascends, leading through fragrant woods of beech and 
 pine. The traveller should observe that he must go round the 
 Wetterberg to the right. In 1 1/2 'i^. we reach the *Madenburg (locally 
 Eschbacher Schloss ; 1520 ft.; Rfmts.), situated above the village 
 of Eschbach to the S., the grandest ruin in the Rhenish Palatinate, 
 formerly belonging to the counts of Leiningen , afterwards to the 
 bishopric of Speyer, and burned down by the French general Mont- 
 clar in 1689. The *View from the Madenburg is one of the finest 
 and most extensive in the Palatinate, comprising both plain and 
 mountain. — From the Madenburg to Eschbach, 1^4 M. ; to Siebel- 
 dmgren(p. 265), 472^1- ; to Landau (p. 247), via Wollmesheim, 5 M. 
 
 The tower on the Rehberg (1790 ft.), 1 1/2 hr. to the S. of Ann- 
 weiler, is another fine point of view. The path to it, indicated (left) 
 by a finger-post in the main street of the village, cannot be missed. 
 P)eside the spring, about 1/4 hr. from the summit, there is a pretty 
 glimpse through the foliage. 
 
 About 41/2 M. to the S.W. of the Rehberg and 71/2 M. from 
 Annweiler (whence it is reached via the high-road to Volkersweiler 
 and Gossersweiler, and thence by a path through the fields) lies the 
 *Lindelbrunner Schloss (1445 ft.), the ruins of a castle of the 
 Counts of Leiningen. The isolated hill on which it stands affords 
 an unimpeded view in all directions. At the foot of the hill is the 
 Lindelbrunner Forsthaus (Rfmts., also beds). From Lindelbrunu 
 to Trifels, see above. 
 
 About 2 M. from the Lindelbrunner Forsthaus lies Vorder-
 
 Palatinate. DAHN. 39. Route. 267 
 
 weidenthal (Kefresliiueiits at the burgomaster'sl, and 1 M. farther on 
 is Erlenbach, under the shadow of the ruined castle of BdrheLstein. 
 At the latter village we join the high-road from Bergzabern (p. 257; 
 diligence from Bergzabern to Dahn daily, 16 M. in 31/2 hrs.), which 
 we follow until we reach a finger-post on the left indicating the 
 path to (2V4 M.) the picturesque Drachenfels, which commands a 
 fine view of Schloss Dahn (see below) and the castellated rocks of 
 this district. From the Drachenfels we descend in 1/9 hr. to the 
 Lauterthal. and ascend it to (l'/2 M.) the little town of Dahn 
 (llartmann's Inn), whence a diligence plies thrice daily to (5 M.) 
 llinterweidenthal-Kaltenbach (p. 265). [From the crossing of the 
 roads in the Lauterthal, the route to the right leads past the Fisch- 
 icager Miihle to (I'/o M.) Schloss Dahn.] 
 
 On a wooded rock, I'/.i M. to the E. of Dahn, rise the ruins 
 Of Schloss Dahn, also locally called the Erfweiler Schloss. The 
 steps and passages are partly hewn in the solid rock. The top 
 commands a striking view of the imposing and grotesque sandstone 
 rocks around. 
 
 From Schloss Dahn we return in about 1/2 ^r. to the above- 
 mentioned crossing of the roads , and descend the Lauterthal to 
 (13 4 M.) Bruchweiler. On the left is the grotesque cliff known as 
 the Fladenstein. One mile beyond Bruchweiler the Lauterthal is 
 quitted by a road to the right to [1 M.) Bumbach (Kern's Brauerei; 
 Griiner Baum), traversing the picturesque valley of that name, and 
 (3'^/4 M.) Schonau (*Lowc, rustic), a village on the Sauer, with 
 deserted iron -works. From Rumbaoh we follow the new road to 
 Nothweiler (see below) and take a path to the right at a finger-post, 
 which leads to the (^4 hr.) Wegelburg. (Or we may reach the Wegel- 
 burg from Schonau in 1 hr.) Finger-posts at all doubtful points. 
 
 The ^Wegelburg (ISSOft.), a hill crowned with the ruins of 
 a castle destroyed by the French in 1679, is the finest point in the 
 Vosges of the Palatinate. The view embraces the whole of the Yosges 
 Mts. and extends to the Black Forest and the Odenwald. At the 
 top is a mountain-indicator. 
 
 Those who extend their walk to the E. of the Wegelburg descend to 
 (40niin.) Nothweiler (Inu, poor) and then proceed by (3 M.) Mederschletten- 
 bach, with the ruined Gothic church of St. Anna, to (2 M.) Erlenbach. — 
 From iS'iederschlettenbach a road descends the valley of the Lauter to 
 (6 M.) Weissenburg. 
 
 The frontier of Alsace runs a few hundred paces to the S. of 
 the Wegelburg. Just beyond it, about 3/4 M. from the Wegelburg, 
 is the Hohenburg . built of skilfully-hewn square blocks of stone, 
 and commanding a view similar to that enjoyed from the Wegelburg. 
 We return to the ridge and descending to the left by a finger-post 
 proceed by the Fleckensteiner Ho f (Rfmts.) and the Fleckenstein, an- 
 other rocky fastness affording a fine view of the Sauerthal. Hence we 
 descend to the (20 min.) Sauerthal and to (3 M.) Lembach (*Rossle, 
 plain). Diligence from Lembach to Worth (p. 257] in 2^/2 hrs. ; to
 
 268 Route 40. 
 
 STRASSBURCt. 
 
 Sulz unterm Wald (p. 257) in 23/4 hrs.; and to Weissenhurg (p. 257) 
 ill 3 hrs. 
 
 About 21/2 M. to the S.W. of Schonau, in tlie woods, '/z br. above the 
 hamlet of Wengelsbach, is the ancient castle of Wasigenstein, or Waseri- 
 siein, mentioned in the old German Walthariuslied, and one of the most 
 interesting: ruins in the district ; it is now easily accessible, and steps have 
 been taken to prevent its farther decay. We may descend hence in V* lir. 
 to Ohersteinhach (Rossle, unpretending), at the foot of the ruined Klein- 
 Arnsberg; a massive rock behind the village bears the ruins of Liitzel- 
 hardt. A path leads to the S., via Windectcer (to the left the ruined 
 Wineclc) and Windstein to (7 M.) Jdgerthal (Inn), with iron-works and the 
 imposing ruins of Alt- Windstein and Neu-Windstein. From Jagerthal to 
 Mederbronn (p. 277), 3 M. 
 
 40. Strassburg. 
 
 Arrival. The Central Railwai/ Station (PI. A, 2, 3; ^Restaur.), a hand- 
 some new building adorned with frescoes, is on the W. side of the town. 
 Omnibuses of the larger hotels (50 pf., each trunk 20 pf.) and cabs (see 
 below) are in waiting. — Jfevdorf Station outside the Metzgertfior (to 
 Kehl), see p. 330. 
 
 Hotels. At the station: *H6t£l National, first class, with lift, R., 
 L., & A. 2-5, B. 1, B. 3 or i Jf; *H6tel Pfeiffer, second-class, R., L., 
 & A. 2V2 U!?; Victoria, Kiiss-Strasse 7, R., L., & A. l'/2-2, D. incl. wine 
 2V2 J(- — In (he town: 'Ville de Paris (PI. a; C, 3), in the Broglie, first 
 class, with lift, R., L., & A. 2-5, B. 1 Jf 20 pf., D. (1 and 6 o'clock) 3 or 
 4 Jf-, *H6tel de i/Edrope, Blauwolkengasse 19 (PI. d ; C, 3), with restaurant 
 and garden, R., L., & A. 3, B. 1 Jl\ *H6tel d'Angleteeke (PI. b ; B, 3), R., 
 L., & A. from 2, B. 1 Jl 20 pf., D. (1 and 6) 21/2 or ijf; Maison Rouge 
 (PI. c; C, 3), Kleber-Platz, R., L., & A. 2 Jt 40 pf., B. 1, D. 3J(; Hotel 
 de France (PI. e •, C, 3), Jung St. Peters-Platz, R. 2, A. 1/2, B. 1 Jf •, Vignette 
 (PI. g; B, 3), Gerbergraben 38; Hotel Turk (PI. k; D, 4), I). 2 Ji, Stadt 
 Basel (PI. 1; D, 4), both in the Metzger-Platz 5 Rindsfdss, Metzger-Giessen. 
 
 Cafes (also restaurants) : Broglie, Wiener Caf^, both in the Broglie ; 
 M^sange, Meisengasse; Caf^ de la Lanterne^ in the Gewerbslauben ; Heim- 
 burger, Stephans-Plan ; Wiener Ca/6, Schlossergasse. 
 
 Restaurants. Valentin, Alter Weinmarkt; Maison Rouge (see above); 
 'Dollmaetsch, Neukirchgasse; Oermania, Universitats-Platz ; Holtzmann, 
 Bruderhofpasse; Tannemapfen^ Kleber-Platz, D. 2V2 Jl\ Schrempp ^F&sanen- 
 gasse; Pfeiffer, at the station (see above); Kempff, Kinderspielgasse; 
 Schmutz, Ziiricher-Str. ; 'Railwai/ Restaurant. — Beer (Strassburg beer 
 renowned since 144G). Taverne Alsacienne, by the Gewerbslauben; Espirance 
 ('Zur Hoffnung'), Kalbsgasse; Stadt Paris, Bruderhofsgasse ; Zum Fischer, 
 Kinderspielgasse. Munich beer: "P/^on, Gewerbslauben; Lowenbrdu, Lange- 
 Slrasse and Laternengasse ; Miinchener A7ndi, Brandgasse; i/wa'Ao/, Broglie; 
 Stadt Miinchen, Kiifergasse ; Ztim Spaten, Holier Steg, etc. 
 
 
 During the 
 
 In the 
 
 even- 
 
 At night 
 
 Cah-TarifF. 
 
 day. 
 
 ing (after the 
 
 (midnight to 
 
 
 
 street-lamps 
 
 G a.m.). 
 
 
 
 are lit). 
 
 
 Per Drive: 
 
 1-2 3-4 
 
 1-2 
 
 3-4 
 
 1-2 
 
 3-4 
 
 Drive within the town, to Tivoli, 
 
 pers. pers. 
 
 pers. 
 
 pers. 
 
 pers. 
 
 pers. 
 
 the Citadel, and theNeustadt 
 
 fflfS!- 
 
 Jl pf. 
 
 J( pf. 
 
 i& 
 
 Jf pf. 
 
 Station 
 
 1. — 
 
 1. 20 
 
 1. 80 
 
 To the Rhine bridge .... 
 
 1. 20 1. 50 
 
 1. 60 
 
 2. - 
 
 2. 40 
 
 3. - 
 
 To Kehl 
 
 2. - 2. 40 
 
 2. 80 
 
 3. 40 
 
 4. 80 
 
 5. 70 
 
 Bt/ Time: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Per 1/2 hr 
 
 1. — 1. 20 
 
 1. 20 
 
 1. 45 
 
 1. 60 
 
 1. 90 
 
 „ 1 hr 
 
 1. 6U 1. 90 
 
 2. - 
 
 2. 40 
 
 2. 40 
 
 2. 90 
 
 For each V* hr. additional . . . 
 
 -35-40 
 
 -40 
 
 -50 
 
 -50 
 
 — 60 
 
 Trunk, 20 pf. 
 
 
 
 

 
 Cabs. STRASSBURG. 40. Route. 269 
 
 Tramways. Within the town (every 10-20 min. ; fare 10 pf.)- From 
 the Steinthor to the Metzgerthov (PI. C 1-D 5) ; from the Klebey-Platz to the 
 Weissthwmring (PI. C3-A4); from the Kleher-Plafz to the Konig-Strasse 
 (PI. C, 3-D, E. 3); from the Kleber-Platz to the Central Station (PI. C, 3-A, 
 2). — Outsiide the town (steam-tramways). From the Steinthor (PI. C. 1) to 
 Schilfigheim, Bischheiin (every 20 min.), and Hdnheim (ev. 40 min.), 15 pf. ; 
 from the Metzgevthor (PI. D," 5) to the Kehl Bi-idge, every 20 min., 20 pf. ; 
 from the Weissthitrmring (PI. A. 3, 4) to Konigshofen and Wolfsheim ev. 
 '/2hr., 15 pf.-, from the Konig-S'r. to Ruprechtsau (PI. D, E, 3-II, 1), ev. 
 20 min., 15 pf. ; from the Metzgerlhor (PI. D, 5) to Neudorf-Neuhof (PI. 
 D, 5). — Steam Tramways from Nikolausstaden to Orafenstaden^ Markoh- 
 heim (branch to L'rstein and Rheinmi) and from the old Railway Station 
 to Truchtcrsheim. 
 
 Baths. Spirbad, Alter Weinmarkt (PI. B, 3); Rosenhad , Sand-Plalz 
 (PI. D, 4), at the.se vapour baths; Kleberbad, at the L^zay-Marn^sia Quay 
 (PI. D, 3). River Baths at the Kehl bridge, on both banks, and also on 
 the Kleine Rhein; tramway, see above. 
 
 Theatre (PI. D, 3; p. 276), six times a week in winter-, Summer Theatre 
 in the Tn-oli. Theatre of varieties at Britckmann^s Casino, Kinderspielgasse, 
 in winter, and in the Edengarten, Bahnhofs-Platz, in summer. 
 
 Military Music in the Broglie, on Tuesdays and Fridays, from 4 to 
 5, 5 to 6. or 6 to 7 p.m.. according to the season. 
 
 Permanent Exhibition of the Strassburg Art Oiiion near the Kleber- 
 Platz, by the Hohe Steg (adm. 30 pf.). 
 
 Post Office (PI. D, 4), in the Schloss-Platz, opposite the cathedral. — 
 Telegraph Office. Pariser- Staden (PI. B, 3). 
 
 Pates de foie graa. L. /fe/iry, Miinstergasse 5; M. Schott, Kiiss-Strasse •, 
 Dot/en, Miinstergasse; Hummel, Lange-Str. ; Martin, Blauwolkengasse; 
 Miiller, Judengasse; Schneegans-Reeb ^ Miinstcrgasse 27. The geese-livers 
 occasionally weigh 2-3 lbs. each. 
 
 Principal Attractions: Cathedral (p. 270; ascend tower) ; Church of St. 
 Thomas (p. 275) ; Monuments of Kleber (p. 275) and Gutenberg (p. 274), and 
 tlie Broglie (p. 276). — The services of valets de place are quite unnecessary. 
 
 English Church Service at the English Chapel, Miinz-Str. 1. 
 
 Strassburg, the capital of Alsace and German Lorraine, the seat 
 of the governor and administration of that province , the head- 
 quarter.s of the 15th Corps of the German army, and the see of a 
 Roman Catholic bishop, with 123,500 inhab. (in 1871, 85,654; 1/2 
 Rom. Cath.) includ. its garrison, is situated on the JU, nearly ?> M. 
 from the Rhine , with which it is connected by the Khme-Morne 
 Canal. This canal is connected with the Rhine-Rhone Canal, which 
 joins the 111 above the town, by means of a smaller canal, outside 
 the E. fortiflcations. As a medium of communication between 
 Germany, France, and Switzerland, Strassburg has long enjoyed 
 extensive commercial relations. Recently it has also become a 
 manufacturing place of some importance, with breweries, engine- 
 works, and tanneries. 
 
 Argenioratum, the oldest name of Strassburg, points to a Celtic origin, 
 but we find it in the hands of the Germanic Triboci as early as the time 
 of Ariovistus. The Romans established a castrum here in 9 A. D., and 
 near it the Emp. Julian gained a brilliant victory over the Alemanni 
 in 357. — The name Stratisbuvgum appears in the 6th century. In the 
 middle ages the place became one of the most prosperous and powerful 
 of the free cities of the German Empire. On the occasion of imperial 
 processions the citizens enjoyed the proud distinction of having their 
 banner borne second only to he imperial eagle. Their love of inde- 
 pendence and skill in the arts 01 war enabled them to maintain their posi- 
 tion in spite of the frequent attacks of the bishops and the nobility of the
 
 270 Route 40. STRASSBURG. Cathedral. 
 
 country (as at the battle of Oberliausbergen in 1262), and in 1445 thej'^ 
 successfully defended their city against 50,000 Armagnacs who invaded 
 Alsace under the Dauphin of France. On 80th Sept., 1681, in a time of 
 peace, Louis XIV., who had already conquered the rest of Alsace during 
 the Thirty Years' War, seized the city of Strassburg, and France was con- 
 lirmed in its possession by the Peace of Eyswyck in 1697. By the Peace of 
 Frankfort, 10th May, 1871, the city was restored to the Empire of Germany. 
 
 The University, founded in 1621, was closed at the time of the French 
 Revolution , but was re-opened in 1872. Many distinguished men have 
 been educated here , and Goethe, after a prolonged course of study in the 
 society of Herder, Stilling, and other talented fellow-students, graduated 
 here as a doctor of laws in 1771. In 1794 the National Convention sup- 
 pressed the university as being a stronghold of the German element in 
 Alsace, and in 1803 it was converted into a French academy, which in 
 its turn was closed in 1870. 
 
 Strassburg has always been regarded as a place of the iitmost strate- 
 gical importance, and in a letter of Emp. Maximilian I. it is termed the 
 bulwark of the Holy Roman Empire, and commended for its old-German 
 honesty and bravery. Strassburg artillery was famous in the middle 
 ages. The Fortifications were much strengthened by the French , who 
 constituted Strassburg their third great arsenal. The siege of 1870 began 
 on l3th Aug., the bombardment on I8th Aug. ; and after a determined 
 and gallant resistance the town capitulated on 27th September. The 
 pentagonal Citadel, erected by Vauban in 1682-34, was converted into a 
 heap of ruins, while the Steinthor on the N. and the Weissthurmthor on 
 the W. were almost entirely destroyed. The quarters of the town ad- 
 joining these gates suffered terribly, but no trace of the havoc now 
 remains. The German fortifications consist of an extensive girdle of 
 fourteen strong outworks, some of them 4-5 M. from the town (comp. 
 pp. 258, 282j, and of an inner rampart, enclosing a space more than twice 
 the area of the former town. 
 
 The city , in spite of a foreign domination of nearly 200 years, 
 has maintained in many respects , both in external appearance and 
 in the language and customs of its inhabitants, the character of a 
 German imperial city. As we traverse the generally narrow and 
 crooked streets we observe many medieval dwellings with Gothic 
 gables or facades, embellished with wood-carving, which justify 
 the epithet of 'most beautiful city' applied to Strassburg in an old 
 ' Volkslied'. In the centre of the city rises the — 
 
 *CathedraI (PI. D, 3), to which the stranger naturally first 
 directs his steps. The history of the building of the present 
 structure extends from the 12th to the 15th century. The an- 
 cient edifice, said to have been originally founded in the time of 
 Dagobert I. (7th cent.), was repeatedly injured by fire during the 
 12th century. It was accordingly determined to erect a new 
 church, the building of which was begun in 1179 under Bis/iop 
 Conrad J., but progressed slowly and with prolonged interruptions. 
 To this period , in which the Romanesque style still flourished, 
 belong the choir-niches and the transept. Towards the end of it, 
 however, Gothic architecture had become established in France, 
 and of course exercised an influence on all buildings in course 
 of construction. The N. facade of the transept (now altered) is 
 tolerably pure Romanesque, while the S. facade presents pointed 
 arches and rose-windows approaching the newer style. The rebuild- 
 ing of the nave was begun about 126.'], after the completion of the
 
 Cathedral. 
 
 STRASSBURG. 
 
 40. Route. 271 
 
 E. portions of the church. The architecture here is exclusively 
 Gothic, with the exception of some traces of the older style in the 
 pillars. The architect of the nave, according to the latest researches, 
 seems to have been Heinrich Wehelin. At all events this part of 
 the church was completed in 1275 (or on St. Urban's Day, 1277, 
 if we may believe the chronicle of Jacob Twinger of Konigshofen), 
 after which the facade was taken in hand. It is in connection with 
 the latter that we encounter the name of Erwin von Steinbach 
 
 for the first time. Of the origin and training of this master 
 we know nothing, and even the accuracy of his surname is ques- 
 tioned. We can gather, however, from analogies of style that 
 lie had been a diligent student of French architecture (such as that 
 of the churches of St. Denis, and of St. Urbain at Troyes). He was, 
 however, by no means a mere servile copyist, but a thoughtful and 
 original master , who pre-eminently surpassed his contemporaries
 
 272 Route 40. STRASSBURG. Cathedral. 
 
 in his keen sense of symmetry. He flourished about the year 1318. 
 His work includes not only the facade up to the termination of the 
 rose-window, but also the restoration and heightening of the body 
 of the church after the fire of 1284 , and in particular the upper 
 windows, the triforium, and the vaulting. The upper parts of the facade 
 and the towers were completed after other designs. The office of cathe- 
 dral-architect long remained in Erwin's family. At the beginning of 
 the loth cent, the work was superintended by Vlrich von Ensingen 
 of Ulm, who constructed the platform between the towers. Johann 
 and Wenzel, the two ^Junker von Prag' , members of a Prague 
 building-society which about this time was dissolved, were the 
 architects of the octagonal story of the tower, with its lofty windows, 
 and of the perforated staircase-turrets. Lastly, the heightening of 
 the octagonal tower by another low story, and the completion of 
 the work in 1439 by a singular spire , also consisting entirely of 
 open-work, are attributed to Johannes Hiiltz of Cologne (1439). — 
 All traces of the injury which the cathedral sustained during the 
 siege of 1870 have now disappeared. The roof has been covered 
 with copper, and the towers over the cross and the apse were com- 
 pleted in 1879. 
 
 The^Fagade, by Erwin of Steinbach, is justly the most admired 
 part of the edifice , and presents a singularly happy union of the 
 style of N. France (interrupting galleries , horizontal members , and 
 fine rose -window, 42 ft. in diameter) with the perpendicular 
 tendency peculiar to German cathedrals. The walls are covered with 
 delicate tracery, and the entire building is embellished with numer- 
 ous sculptures (many of them restored). Those of the three *Portals, 
 representing scenes from the history of the Creation and Redemption, 
 are among the finest Gothic works in existence. The niches of the 
 gallery of the first story contain equestrian figures of Clovis, Dago- 
 bert, Rudolph of Hapsburg, and Louis XIV. (erected in 1823). In 
 1793 several hundred statuettes were thrown down and destroyed, 
 and the beautiful spire only escaped the same fate from having been 
 provided with a red republican cap made of metal as a protecting badge. 
 
 The Romanesque S. Portal also merits examination. The 
 sculptures vpith which it is adorned, dating from about 1250, are 
 assigned by an inscription (now destroyed) to Sabina, the supposed 
 daughter of Erwin. Of the reliefs over the doors the Coronation of 
 the Virgin has been restored, while the Death of Mary remains almost 
 in its original condition. King Solomon between the doors is modern. 
 The female figures on the right and left are mediaeval symbols of 
 Christianity and Judaism. The Statues of Erwin and Sabina, by 
 Kirstein, were erected in 1840. 
 
 On the N. side is the Chapel of St. Lawrence, with coarsely 
 realistic sculptures from the martyrdom of the saint, built in front 
 of the Romanesque facade of the transept in 1495-1505. 
 
 The *Intbrior (open 8-12 and 2-6 ; tickets for crypt and choir.
 
 Cathedral. STRASSBURG.? 40. Route. 273 
 
 35 pt'.), consisting of a nave, 14 yds. wide and 99 ft. high, 
 and aisles, with transept and a somewhat shallow choir, is 
 121 yds. in length and 45 yds. in width. It differs from that 
 of other German cathedrals in possessing greater width in pro- 
 portion to its height, and surpasses them in harmonious effect. The 
 subdued light enters through stained -glass windows of the 15th 
 cent. , some of which are admirably executed. The Magi with the 
 Virgin in the N. aisle are modern. The pillars and columns are 
 slender, but of massive construction. The Pulpit of 1485 , richly 
 sculptured in ston« , is by Hans Hammerer. The Font in the N. 
 transept dates from 1453. — The Chapel of St. John (13th cent.), to 
 which a few steps descend to the left of the choir, contains the 
 Monument of Bishop Conrad of Lichtenberg (d. 1299), executed in 
 Erwin's workshop, in a (closed) court beyond which is the Tombstone 
 of Erwin^ his wife, and one of his grand-children. — The Chapel 
 of St. Andrew, to the right of the choir, dates from the end of the 
 12th, with additions of the 13th century. — The "Erwinspfeiler', 
 a pillar in the 8. transept, is adorned with late-Romanesque sculp- 
 tures (ca. 1250), representing eight angels and the four Evangelists. 
 The large astronomical Clock in the S. transept was constructed in 
 1838-42 by Schwilgti^, a clock-maker of Strassburg. It replaces a similar 
 clock by Dasypodiiis , constructed in 1574, which was in use down to 
 1789, and which in its turn formed a substitute for a still older clock, 
 mentioned as early as the 13th century. Only a few parts of the interior 
 and some of the decorative paintings of the old clock were used in 
 making the present one. The exterior attracts spectators at all times, 
 especially at noon. On the first gallery an angel strikes the quarters 
 on a bell in his hand; while a genius at his side reverses his sand- 
 glass every hour. Higher up, around a skeleton which strikes the hours, 
 are grouped figures representing boyhood , youth , manhood , and old age 
 (the four quarters of the hour). Under the first gallery the symbolic deity of 
 each day steps out of a niche, Apollo on Sunday, Diana on Monday, and 
 80 on. In the highest niche, at noon, the Twelve Apostles move round a 
 figure of the Saviour. On the highest pinnacle of the side-tower, which con- 
 tains the weights, is perched a cock which flaps its wings, stretches its neck, 
 and crows, awakening the echoes of the remotest nooks of the cathedral. 
 The mechanism also sets in motion a complete planetarium, behind which 
 is a perpetual calendar. — The most wonderful feature of this piece of 
 mechanism is that it is calculated to regulate itself and adapt its motions 
 to the revolution ot the seasons for an almost unlimited number of years. 
 
 Opposite the clock is a Statue of Bishop Werner, with a model 
 of the cathedral (beginning of the 11th cent.), executed by 
 Friedrich in 1840. — Two old Latin ihscriptions on the S.W. pillar 
 at the angle formed by the transept and the nave commemorate the 
 zeal and piety of John Geiler of Kaysersberg (d. 1510; p. 302). 
 — The Chapel of St. Catherine, at the E. end of the S. aisle, 
 was added in 1349 and revaulted in 1547. — Opposite, at the E. 
 end of the N. aisle, is the Chapel of St. Martin, of 1515-20. 
 
 The choir is adorned with frescoes by Steinheil of Paris , an 
 Alsatian by birth, and Steinle of Frankfort, executed in 1877-80. 
 The value of those by the former, representing the Last Judgment, 
 has been much canvassed. 
 
 Baedeker's Ehine. 12th Edit. i 18
 
 274 Route 40. STRASSBURG. Cathedral Tower, 
 
 gThe *CATHBimAL Towbr (p. 272) rises from the W. facade to a 
 vast and dizzy height. Adjoining the right portal , round the 
 corner , is a door leading to the dwelling of the custodian , from 
 whom a ticket is procured (to the platform 15 pf., up to the turrets 
 40 pf. ; to the top ,2 ..//). The visitor ascends a tolerable staircase 
 of 330 steps to the Platform, 216 ft. above the street, which affords 
 a fine *Vibw of the town and the plain of the Rhine. To the E. is 
 seen the Black Forest from Baden to the Blauen ; W. arid N. the 
 Vosges Mountains; S. the isolated Kaiserstuhl (p. 331), rising from 
 the plain ; beyond it, in the extreme distance, the Jura range. A 
 good panorama is sold by the attendants. Innumerable names are 
 engraved on the parapet of the platform and on the tower itself. 
 Among them are those of Goethe, Herder, and Lavater, on a stone to 
 the right of the small E. door of the tower leading to the gallery. Vol- 
 taire's is also to be found in the neighbourhood among many others. 
 From tlie platform to the summit of the tower is a height of 249 ft.; 
 the entire height is therefore 465 ft. fone of the highest bnildings in Europe ; 
 EitTel-Tower at Paris 9S5 ft,, Blole Antonelliana at Turin 537 ft., Ulm Cathe- 
 dral 52S ft., Cologne Cathedral 512 ft., Eouen Cathedral 485 ft., the Kicolai- 
 kirche at Hamburg 471 ft., St. Martin's at Landshut in Germany 462 ft., 
 St. Stephen's at Vienna 446 ft., St. Peter's at Pome 435 ft., St. Paul's at 
 London 404 ft.). The spire having been injured by lightning in 1S33, it 
 is now surrounded with a network of conductors. The unfinished tur- 
 rets at the corners . which seem to cling precariously to the principal 
 structure, contain winding stairca.^es, leading to the ^Lantern', an open 
 space immediately below the extreme summit. The massive cross on the 
 top was bent by a projectile during the siege of 1S70, but has been restored. 
 The Miinster-Platz, in front of the "W. facade of the cathedral, 
 contains several ancient examples of timber architecture, the finest 
 of which is the KammerzelV sche Haus, recently well restored. In 
 the Schloss-Platz (PI. D, 3, 4), which lies on the S. side of the 
 Miinster, are situated the Lyceum, or grammar-school, and the Ro- 
 man Catholic Seminary. 
 
 The old Episcopal Palace, opposite the S. portal of the Miinster, 
 built by Cardinal de Rohan in 1731-41, was purchased by the town 
 during the first Revolution, afterwards converted into an imperial 
 palace, and is now employed as a Library (PI. D, 4). The new Lib- 
 rary, founded to replace the town-library which was destroyed dur- 
 ing the siege, now comprizes 700,000 volumes. The building also 
 contains a valuable Cabinet of Coins. 
 
 The Maison de Notre Dame, or Frauenhaus (PI. D, 3 ; entrance, 
 Schloss-Platz 3), built in 1571-81, contains an ancient plan of the 
 cathedral, the model of the spire, several Gothic sculptures trans- 
 ferred from the cathedral, designs for the tower (dated 1377 and 
 1439), and remains of the old clock. The elegant winding stair- 
 case, in the latest Gothic style, merits attention. 
 
 From the cathedral the traveller may next proceed to the church 
 of St. Thomas, crossing the Gitenbergs-Piatz (PI. C, 3, 4), so 
 called from the Statue of Gntenberg, the inventor of printing, by 
 David (1840). The four bas-reliefs are emblematical of the bless-
 
 Gutenberg's Statue. STRASSBURG. 40. Route. 275 
 
 ings of the iiiven tion in the four quarters of the globe , and com- 
 prise likenesses of many celebrated men. The first Strassliurg printer 
 was Johann Mentel or Mentelin, who flourished about 1458-1478, 
 and was perhaps either a pupil or assistant of Gutenberg (comp. 
 p. 148). — The Gutenbergs-Platz is bounded on the 8. by the Hotel 
 du Commerce, formerly the town-hall, built in the Renaissance style 
 by the Strassburg architects Maurer and Schoch in 1582-85, but 
 remodelled at the end ot" last century. The first floor contains the 
 rooms of the Alsatian Club. — No. 36 Alter Fischmarkt, where Goethe 
 lived when a student at Strassburg (1770-71), is indicated by the 
 portrait-bust of the poet, in relief. — At the end of the Alte Fisch- 
 markt, near the Rabenbriicke, is tlie new municipal Art-hidaatrial 
 Museum. 
 
 The Protestant Church of St. Thomas [PI. C, 4) is a plain 
 Gothic edifice constructed in 1273-90 on the site of an older 
 church; the nave with its double aisles was probably erected in 
 1313-90. Adm. daily, except Mon. 9-12 and 2-6, in winter 2-4; 
 tickets, 40 pf. each, obtained from the sacristan, Thomas-Platz 5. 
 
 The choir contains a magnificent Monumenl in marble, erected by 
 Louis XV. to Marshal Saxe (d. 1750). son of Augustus I. of Poland and 
 the beautiful Countess Aurora v. Konigsmark. It was executed by Pic/alle, 
 who completed it in 1776 after twenty years' labour. The marshal is in 
 the act of descending into the tomb opened for his reception by Death', 
 while a female figure representing France strives to detain him, and 
 Hercules at the side in mournful attitude leans upon his club; on the 
 left, with broken flags beneath, are the Austrian eagle, the Dutch lion, 
 and the English leopard, symbolizing the three powers defeated by the 
 marshal in the Flemish wars. The whole is an allegory in the ques- 
 tionable taste of the age, but as a work of art masterly and original. 
 The stone sarcophagus of Bishop Adeloch (d. 821), iu one of the niches of 
 the choir, deserves notice. The church also contains busts and monu- 
 ments of celebrated professors of the University, and the sarcophagus 
 of a Count Ahlefeldt, who died in 1669 while attending Strassburg 
 University. 
 
 From the Gutenbergs-Platz the Gewerbslauben, a busy street 
 with arcades under the houses on its E. side, leads N. to the 
 Klebbr-Platz (PI, C, 3), which is adorned with a bronze Statue 
 of Kleber, by Grass (d. 1876), erected in 1840. At the foot 
 of the statue reclines an Egyptian sphynx, and at the sides are 
 two reliefs. The inscriptions give a brief account of the career of 
 the general, who was a native of Strassburg (b, 1753, murdered at 
 Cairo in 1800), — The so-called Aubette, on the N. side of the 
 Platz, was totally destroyed by the bombardment of 1870, but has 
 been tastefully restored, the former fa(;ade having been retained. 
 The upper floor is devoted to the Conservatorium of Music^ and in- 
 cludes a fine concert-hall. — Adjacent is the Eiserne- Manns- Platz 
 (PI. C, 3) deriving its name from the 'iron man' which forms the 
 cognisance of Strassburg. 
 
 The Temple Neuf, or Neukirche(Pl, C, 3), a Dominican church 
 of the 13th cent., was entirely burned down during the siege of 
 1870, and the libraries of the town and the Protestant Seminary, 
 
 18*
 
 276 Route 40. STRASSBURG. University. 
 
 which had been deposited in the choir, were also totally destroyed, 
 The church has been rebuilt iu an imposing Romanesque style, 
 and contains a fine organ, recitals on whicli are frequently given, 
 and tlie tombstone of the mystic Johann Tauler (d. 1361). 
 Adjoining the church is the Protestant Gymnasium (PI. 38), an 
 institution of which the Strassburgers have been justly proud for 
 more than two centuries. 
 
 The BnoGLiE (PL C, D, 3), a Platz to the E., named after the 
 marshal of that name who laid it out in 1742, is bounded on the 
 N.E. by tlie Theatre, built in 1805-21, also burned down in 
 1870, but since restored in the former style, with a lofty por- 
 tico. On the S.E. are the Stadthaus, the Military Headquarters, and 
 the Residence of the Governor of Alsace. At the corner is a bronze 
 statue of the prefect Marquis de Lezay-Marnesia (1810-14), by 
 Grass, erected in 1857. 
 
 Beyond the 111 a handsome new quarter has been begun to be 
 laid out. In the Kaiser-Platz (PL D, 2), adjoining the river, stands 
 the new *Imperial Palace, built in 1883-89 in the Florentine Re- 
 naissance style from EggerCs designs. The building (adm. daily 
 10-1 and 3-5), 240 ft. in length by 184 ft. in depth, with a portico 
 in front and a half-round], borne by columns at its bacli, is richly 
 decorated with sculptures by Berlin and Frankfort artists. The dome 
 above the audience hall is crowned by two colossal heralds and rises 
 to a height of 115 ft. The palace is roofed with tiles after Olympian 
 patterns. The imperial rooms, on the first floor, are decorated with 
 paintings by Kneuffel and Baum of Frankfort. 
 
 Tlie wide Kaiser- AVilhelm-Strasse leads hence to the S.E., cross- 
 ing the 111 by the new Kaiser-Wilhelm-Brilcke (PI. E, 3), to the im- 
 posing University (PI. E, F, 3). In front is the Colleyienhaus, in the 
 early Italian Renaissance style. The interior contains a handsome 
 court, lighted from above, richly decorated vestibules, staircases, 
 and aula, and on the first floor an extensive collection of casts of 
 Greek and Roman sculptures and a small but precious collection of 
 old pictures (Th,' de Keyser, Quint. Matsys, B. de Bruyn, A. van 
 Dyck, etc.). Adjoining are the Chemical and Physical Institutes^ 
 the Botanical Institute, with a large garden and hot-houses, the 
 Geological and Mineralogical Institutes, and the excellently equip- 
 ped Observatory. 
 
 To the S.W., in the old town on the right bank of the 111, is 
 situated the handsome Academy Building (PI. E, 4) , erected in 
 1825, containing the Collections of the Alsatian Antiquarian Society, 
 the Municipal Collection of Art, and the extensive Museum of 
 Natural History. The former collections include Roman tombstones 
 of soldiers of the 2nd legion , a large number of Roman sepulchral 
 objects found at the Weissenthurm-Thor ; mediaeval and Renais- 
 sance articles, including two winged altar-pieces from Neuweiler 
 and Sulzbach ; in the garden, sarcophagi and Romanesque sculp-
 
 NIEDERBRONN. 41. lioute. Til 
 
 tares from churches. — Tn the S. part of the town are the large 
 Civic Hospital and the Institutes of the Medical Faculty. In the neigh- 
 bourhood is the Government Tobacco Manufactory . 
 
 On the N. side of the town, two pleasant promenades have been 
 included within the lines: the Contades [PI. E. 1, 2), and the 
 Orangerie [PI. G, H, 1, 2). Near the latter is the small Zoological 
 Garden (PI. H, 2; adm. 50 pf.). 
 
 Fkom Strassblkg to Kkhl (.p. 329) is also a pleasant walk (2 M., comp. 
 PI. li, ; tramway, see p. 269 ; railway, p. 330). The road leads over the 
 Sporeiiiiisel , formed by the temporary divergence of the 'Little lihine' 
 from the main stream, and across the bridge-of-boats, 275 yds. in length, 
 to Kehl. Beyond the bridge over the 'Little' Rhine, on the Sporeninsel, 
 to the right of the road, is a monument erected by Napoleon I. to General 
 Desaix, who fell at Marengo in ISOO. Un the E. side of the Sporeninsel 
 is the favourite open-air pleasure resort Rheinlust, to which the tram- 
 way extends. 
 
 From Strassburg to Colmar via Mabkolsheim, 47 M.v steam tram- 
 way in 3 hrs. (fares 4 J( 9U, 3 J( 30). This line skirts the E. bank of the 
 Rhine-Rhone Canal. The intermediate stations are unimportant. 
 
 41. From Strassburg to Saarbriicken (Metz). 
 
 84 M. Railway in 5-5V2 hrs. (fares 11 M, 7 M 40, k. Jl 90 pf.). 
 
 From Strassburg to Hagenau, 20i/2^1'> see p. 258. At Hagenau 
 the line diverges to the N.W. from that to ^^'eissenbu^g , passes 
 {23 M.^ Schweighausen [branch-line to Zabern, p. 278), and tra- 
 verses part of the forest of Hagenau [p. 258). 27 Y2 M. Merz- 
 weiler, a busy little place with iron -works; 28 M. Mietesheim ; 
 30 M. Gundershofen. — 31^2 M. Reichshofen Werk; 32 M. Reichs- 
 hofen Stadt [Bellevue , at the station ; Dowler, well spoken of; 
 excursion to the battlefield, see p. 258), situated on the road from 
 Worth to Bitsch , by which the remnants of MacMahon's army 
 retreated on the evening of 6th Aug., 1870. The line enters the 
 mountains, and passes through several cuttings. 
 
 34 M. Niederbronn (*Zur Goldenen KetteJ, with 3100inhab., in 
 the pretty valley of the Falkensteiner Bach, is a popular summer- 
 resort with two saline springs. Pleasant walks. The Wasenherg, 
 which rises abruptly to the W. of the town , commanding a fine 
 view, and easily ascended in 1 hr., is crowned with the ruins of 
 the Wasenburg, erected in the 14th century. Other excursions may 
 be taken to the ruin of Falkenstein, to the view-tower on the Grosse 
 Wintersberg, etc. — The Jdgerthal and the Wasigenstein, see p. 268. 
 
 38'/2M. Philippsburg. About 3M. from here, among the woods, 
 on a lofty rock, is the mined Arnsberg [12th cent.), with a fine view. 
 
 49 M. Bitsch (Hotel de Metz), a small town and fortress with 
 2800 inhab. , is situated on the N. slopes of the Vosges, and 
 commanded by Fort Bitsch , the fortifications of which , partly 
 hewn in the rock, are deemed almost impregnable. In the Franco- 
 German war of 1870-71 Bitsfh was enclosed by the Germans from 
 the middle of August, 1870, till 7th March, 1871, and only capit- 
 ulated after the preliminary articles of the peace had been signed.
 
 278 Route 42. ZABERN. From Strassburg 
 
 54 M. Lemberg, with crystal, faience, and tobacco-pipe manu- 
 factories; 56^2 M. Enchenberg ; 5y'/2 M. Klein- Rederchingen ; 
 ()ii^ M. Rohrbach; G6 M. WolfUngen. 
 
 73 M. Saargemiiud , French Sarreguemines (Hotel de Paris), 
 a town with 13,100 inliab., at the confluence of the Blies and Saar, 
 the latter of whicli here forms the boundary between German Lorraine 
 and Rhenish Prussia, possesses large manufactories of pbish, velvet, 
 faience, and earthenware. 
 
 From Saargemiitirl to Saarhurg^ see p. 280; to Tlomhurg, p. 260. 
 
 At Saargemiind the line divides : the branch to the N. runs by 
 thmweiler (station for the small baths oi Rilchingen)^ Klein-JUitters- 
 dorf^ and Brehach to(_84M.) Saarbr iicken (j^. ibS)-, that to theW, by 
 Hnndiingen, Farschiveiler, and Beningen to (128 M.) Metz (p. 159). 
 
 42. From Strassburg to Metz via Saarburg. 
 
 The N. Vosges Mts. 
 
 98 M. Railway in 2V4-5 lirs. (fares 12 Jf 80, 8.50, 5.50; expre.s.q 1 Jf 
 SO pf. extra). To Nancy, 93 M., express in B'/s lirs., ordinary trains in 5 brs. 
 
 As far as Zabern the scenery is uninteresting. 41/2 M. Mundols- 
 heim. At (5^2 M.) Vendenheim the line to Weissenburg diverges 
 to the right (p. 258). The train crosses the Zorn and passes the 
 large lunatic asylum oi Stephanfeld. 10^ /^ Br umath ; 14 M. 3/om- 
 menheim; 17 M. Hochfelden; 20 M. Wilu-isheim j 22 M. Dettweiler ; 
 2479 M. Steinhurg (to Hagenau, see p. 279). 
 
 27 M. Zabern (610 ft. ; *Hdtel Schuh^ Sonne, R. 11/2-2, D.2V2, 
 S. 2 J/;Srhwarz€r Ochse ; Hotel Miinchener Kindl, at the station; 
 Karpfeyi, good wine), also called Elsass-Zdbern to distinguish it 
 from lihein-Zabern and Berg-Zabcrn (p. 257), the French Saverne^ 
 the Tres Tabernae of the Romans, and formerly the capital of the 
 Wasgau, is now a dull town with 7300 iiihab., lying at the entrance 
 of the Zaberner Senke (p. 279), a narrow defile of the Vosges, 
 watered by the Zorn, and close to the base of the beautifully-wooded 
 lowei- hills. On the latter appear the ruins of Greiffenstein to the 
 right (W.), and to the left (S.W.) Hoh-Barr. The Rhine-Marne 
 Ciinal also traverses the pass and intersects the town. 
 
 The conspicuous Schloss of the Bishops of Strassburg, erected in 
 its present form in 1779 by Cardinal de Rohan, from the designs 
 of 8alins de Montfort , is now used as a barrack. The principal 
 facade is turned towards the garden. An Obelisk in the planted 
 square in front of fhe Schloss, erected in 1666, records the distances 
 of 100 different towns from Zabern in German miles. 
 
 Ascending the Haupt-Strasse we reach the Hauptkirche, chiefly 
 in the late-Gothic style of the latter half of the 15th century. The 
 pulpit dates from 1497; the four Scenes from the Passion, in the 
 Virgin's Chapel at the extremity of the left aisle, are ascribed to 
 Hans Wohlgemuth. The court-gateway, to the N. of the church.
 
 to Saarburg. LUTZELBURG. 42. Route. 279 
 
 leads to a Museum, in which are preserved Roman, Gallic, Celtic, 
 and Franconian antiquities found in the neighbourhood, including 
 several roof -shaped tombstones with Roman inscriptions from 
 Kempel, Falberg, and Dagsburg. 
 
 Fkom Zabekx to Hagenau, 26 M., railway in 2 hrs. (fares 3 J( 40, 
 2.30, 1.50}. — 21/2 M. Steinburg (p. 278) ; 51/2 M. Hattmatt. 
 
 1 M. Dossenheim (Railway Hotel) lies at the entrance of the 
 Zimelthal, through which a pleasant excursion may be made to (3^/4 M.) 
 Oberhof fMathis), tiV2 M) Graii/t/tal, with curious rock-dwellings, and 
 Ci'/4 M-) Siist; the valley contains quarries of white sandstone. Another 
 picturesque walk from Dossenheim is the following (numerous way-posts) : 
 ascend to the left at the beginning of the woods in the Zinzelthal to the 
 Taubenschlagfelsen, above Ernolsheim ; then cross the hill, via Heidenstadl 
 and Langenthaler Kreuz, to the Michaelskapelle, above St. Johairn (p. 280), 
 and to Zabern (p. 278). 
 
 8 M. Neuweiler {Anker, Wolff, good red wine) possesses two interest- 
 ing churches: the Protestant St. Adelphikirche, a late-Romanesque edifice of 
 the i2th cent. , and the Roman Catholic Church of SS. Peter and Paul, 
 Romanesque with later additions, restored in 1852 (line crypt). Above the 
 town (V2 hr.) rises the ruin of Eerrenstein, commanding a picturesque view. 
 
 IOV2M. Buchsweiler (Sonne), a small town with chemical works and 
 scanty remains of an old chateau , is the capital of the old 'Hanauer 
 Landchen', which belonged to Hessen- Darmstadt down to the French 
 revolution. The Rathhaus and the Gymnasium, the latter established in 
 1612, possess handsome portals, and many of the houses have Renaissance 
 balconies. An admirable view is obtained from the Bastberg (1265 ft.), 
 a hill of curious geological formation, abounding in coal 5 its fossils 
 attracted the attention of Goethe. The Bastberg is the centre of numer- 
 ous local traditions and was long believed to be a favourite trysting-place 
 of witches and sorcerers. — From Buchsweiler branch-line via Ohersulz- 
 hach to (i'/a M.) Jngweiler (Lamm). The village of Liehtenberg (Sonne, 
 rustic, Uchse), 5'/2 M. from Ingweiler, is overlooked by a fort destroyed 
 in 1870. 
 
 14 M. Obermodern; il^jilil. Pfaffenhofen; IQ^ji^. Neuburg. At (23V2 M.) 
 Schweighattsen the line joins the Saarbriicken and Hagenau railway (p. 277). 
 — 26 M. Hagenau, see p. 258. 
 
 From Zabern to Schlettstadl, see p. 291. 
 
 Near Zabern the railway enters the narrow and picturesque 
 valley of the Zorn, and intersects the Vosges range at its narrowest 
 point , the Zaherner Senke (p. 278), which separates the Central 
 from the Lower Vosges. The line runs parallel with the high-road, 
 the brook, and the RhineMarne-Canal. Bridges, lofty embankments, 
 viaducts, and tunnels follow each other in rapid succession. 
 
 33 M. Lutzelburg (Zur Eisenbahn; Storch), the only station on 
 this part of the line, is a pleasant village, the first in Lorraine. It 
 is separated by the Zorn from a bold rock crowned with the ruins of 
 the Liitzelburger Schloss , a castle dating from the ilth century, 
 under which runs a tunnel 267 yds. in length. 
 
 From Lutzelburg to Pfalzhurg'Jcp.'iS^), 31/2 M., tramway in V2 hr. (fares 
 50, 35 pf.). — From Lutzelburg to" Dagsburg, 31/2 hra., see p. 282. 
 
 The line soon quits the valley of the Zorn. A handsome bridge 
 spans the river with one of its arches, and with the other the Rhine- 
 Marne-Canal, which here turns to the right side of the valley. The 
 railway and the canal then penetrate the last of the obstructing hills 
 by means of the Arzweiler Tunnel, 2945 yds. in length.
 
 280 Route 42. SAARBURG. North Vosges 
 
 431/2 M. Saarburg {Hotel de VAbondance, good cuisine), on the 
 Saar, a small and ancient town (5500 inliab.) enclosed by walls and 
 gates, which must not be confounded with the place of that name near 
 Treves, forms the boundary between the two languages, French being 
 spoken in the upper, and German in the lower part of the town ; 
 but the line of demarcation is less strongly defined than formerly. 
 
 Fkom Saarburg to Saargemund, 34 M., railway in 13/4-21/4 lirs. (fares 
 4 ^ 35, 2.90, 1.85). To Berthelmingen, see below. 10 M. Finstingen ; 
 131/2 M. Wolfskirchen; 1772 M. Saai-werdeu; I8V2 M. Saar-Union (Hdtel du 
 Commerce)^ a place consisting of the two small towns of BockenJieim and 
 Neu-Saarwerden. At Saar-Alben diverges the Saargemiind and Nancy line 
 mentioned below. Then Willerwald, Hambach, Neuscheuern. — 34 M. Saar- 
 gemiind, see p. 278. 
 
 From Saarburg to Albersciun eiler, 10 M., railway in 1 hr. Stations : 
 Jmmlingen; 3 M. Oberhammcr (branch - line to Dreibrmm- Vallerysihal, via 
 Hessen^ with interesting ruins of an old abbey-church); Lorchingen^ Nitting, 
 U liter- Burville^ Wasperweiler . Alberschweiler {Hotel Capet) is a good 
 starting-point for excursions into the Dagsburg district (p. 282) and the 
 upper valley of the Saar. 
 
 From Saarburg to Nancy, 491/2 M., railway in 2-3 hrs. Stations: 
 Ueming , Rixingen or Rcchicotirt , Deutsch-Avriconrt (the German frontier- 
 station and seat of the custom-house; connected by a branch with Bens- 
 dorf, see below), Igney-Avricourt (the French frontier-station), Emberm^nil, 
 Marainviller, Lun&ville, and Nancy (p. 164). 
 
 At Saarburg the line to Metz begins, and follows the course of 
 the 5aar. — AQ^/2M. Saaraltdorf; 61^ /-l^. Berthelmingen. The 
 line now diverges to the left, intersecting a hilly and wooded 
 country. Several unimportant stations : ioM. Lauterfingen; 22 M. 
 Bensdorf, the junction for the Saargeraiind-Nancy railway and for a 
 branch-line to Deutsch-Avricourt (see above); 21 M. Itodalben- 
 Bermeringen i 36 M, Baudrecourt. At (41 M.) Remilly (p. 159) the 
 train joins- the line from Saarbriicken to Metz (p. 159). 
 
 The N. Vosges Mountains. 
 
 Zabern is a good starting-point for excursions among these mountains. 
 — From Zabern to Sl.Johann and IJoxsenheim, G M., returning by railway 
 or taking the train to Buchsweiler (p. 279). — From Zabern to Pfalzburg^ 
 l^ji M., and by steam-tramway to LiUzelburg in 1/2 hr, (see above). — From 
 Zabern to the top of the Greiffenstein and back in 2-21/2 hrs. — From 
 Zabern to the railway-station at LiUzelburg, via Hoh-Barr, Geroldteck^ and 
 Dagsburg, about 24 31. 
 
 About 21/2 M. to the N.E. of Zabern lies the village of St. 
 Johann, Fr. St-Jean-des-Choux^ formerly tlie seat of a Benedictine 
 Abbey, tlie Romanesque church of wliich, re-consecrated in 1127, 
 but partly disfigured in the 18th cent., deserves notice. The St. 
 M ichelskapeUe situated above it commands a fine view. 
 
 From Zabern to Pfalzburg, 61/4 M. , the road ascends the 
 steep slopes of the 'Pfalzburger Steig'. Pedestrians turn to the 
 left and pass the Karlssprung, a precipitous rock, above which they 
 regain the road. Pfalzburg (1035 ft.; *Stadt Metz; Bappen) is 
 a small town, situated in an unattractive lofty plain, and fortified 
 down to 1872. It possesses a monument to Marshal Mouton, Conite 
 Lobau, one of Napoleon's officers, who was born here in 1770.
 
 -4^^^-=? Engl.MUcs i:i5aooo ' V„ ^ i^
 
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 ■mmj^. UN'
 
 Mountains. HOH-BARR. 42. Route. 281 
 
 To the W. of Zal)eni, on the summit of a lofty, wooded hill, to 
 the right of the entrance of the narrower part of the valley of tlie 
 Zorn, rises the tower of the ancient fortress of Greiffenstein 
 (1255 ft.). From Zahern we follow the high-road for 3/^ M. as far 
 as the kilometre-stone 1,7 (or along the bank of the canal). "We now 
 cross the Zorn and the railway, pass a pleasant-looking country- 
 house, and ascend through the wood to the left. The path (indi- 
 cated hy finger-posts) leads hence to the summit in about ^2 hour. 
 Tlie ruins consist of two separate parts, chiefly dating from the 12th 
 and 13th centuries, and command a pleasing view. On the slope 
 to the S.W. of the fortress, and about IY4M. distant, is the natural 
 (irotto of St. Vitus (1280 ft.), formerly a chapel and hermitage to. 
 wliich pilgrimages were made. Back to Zabern in ^/^ hr. 
 
 On the S. side of the Zornthal rises the ruin of Hoh-Barr, 
 which also occupies a wooded eminence. Starting from Zabern, we 
 follow the Neue-Str., which leaves the main street on the right, 
 and turn to the left into the Renngasse. A finger-post soon directs 
 us to the right, and keeping to the left where the road forks, we 
 again turn to the right past the country-house (where there is a 
 finger-post), and reach the summit in 50 minutes. The fortress 
 was built in the 10-llth cent., enlarged at a later period, and restor- 
 ed in 1583. The extejisive ruins almost appear to grow out of the 
 fantastic sandstone and conglomerate rocks. The small Romanesque 
 chapel, in the court, is perhaps of the 11th century. The liighest 
 points of the huge rocks are made accessible by ladders and bridges. 
 Extensive view of tlie Vosges, and the plain of the Rhine. Refresh- 
 ments may be obtained of the tenant. 
 
 Proceeding in the same direction and crossing the top of tlie 
 hill (finger-post), we reach (20 min.) the ruin of Gross-Geroldseck 
 (1580 ft.), with a huge tower, only half preserved, and an exten- 
 sive Rittersaal, which is also still traceable. — About Y2 M. farther 
 on (finger-post) is the unimportant ruin of Klein- Geroldseck, com- 
 manding a fine view. 
 
 With a visit to Uoh-Barr and the two castles of Geroldseck a 
 more extended and very interesting walk among the hills may be 
 combined. Continuing in the same direction for about 10 min. more 
 we reach a young fir-plantation, where notices on the trees indi- 
 cate the routes into tlie Zornthal, to St. Gall to the left, and straight 
 on to the forester's house of (20 min.) Schdferplatz (1266 ft.). 
 Thence we follow the road which descends in nearly the same di- 
 rection (S.) and which 7'2 ^1- farther (way-post) terminates in a 
 road coming from Reinhardsraiinster. We follow the latter to the 
 right (shady path above the road), and after 10 min, reach another 
 road coming from Reinhardsmiinster, which leads in 10 min. to 
 the forester's house and farm of Haheracker (1570 ft.; Rfmts.). The 
 niin of Ochsenstein (_1935 ft.), which rises above the forester's 
 house (10 mill.), consists of three towers, the remains of which look
 
 282 Route 42. DAGSBURG. 
 
 like parts of tl\e rocks. The summit of the rock crowned by the 
 first castle has been rendered accessible by a ladder, and commands 
 a fine view of the Hueb and Dagsburg. 
 
 Tlie path (guide-posts) continues through wood, and passes the 
 hamlets of (40min.) An der Harclt, beyond which is a deep ravine, 
 and Auf der Hub (Inn), tlie church of which has been conspicuous 
 for some time. We now descend rapidly by a new path and then 
 ascend again in 1 hr. to the Dagsburg (1675 ft.), a lofty, isolated 
 rock, commanding an excellent view. The castle, 'hewn in a rock 
 and inhabited by certain Counts of Leiningen-Dagsperg' (Merian, 
 1663), was destroyed by the Frendi in 1G75, and lias left scarcely 
 a trace behind. On its site stand a vjew-tower and a chapel, erected 
 *in lionour of Pope Leo IX. (1048-54), who is said have been born 
 here (comp. p. 285). Below the chapel is a small Restaurant. At 
 the foot of the castle-hill lies ('/4 hr.) the village of iJagshurg (Bour, 
 Reibel, both good). 
 
 Tlie traveller is recommended to proceed from Dagsburg to 
 (81/2 M.) Liitzelburg. Tlic road follows theN.P2. slope of the JBaiicr- 
 steinkopf to (3M.) Schiiferhof and (1 M.) Neumiihl, where it reaches 
 the valley of the rapid Zorn, a beautiful dale enclosed by wooded 
 mountains. Passing several mills we come to (2 M.) Sparshrod. 
 The road is next reached near the railway-bridge (1 1/2 M.), and tlieu, 
 V/2 M. farther, the station of Liitzelburg (p. 279). 
 
 Fkom Dagsbokg to Wangenbokg, a pleasant walk of 2-2V2 hrs. The 
 new path, furnished wilh gnide-posts, skirts the clifFs of Da^'sburg, and 
 reaches (1 hr.) the Schleiffe, a clearing in the woods, where the road makes 
 a wide carve. Continuing in the same direction by the path indicated 
 by guide-posts, we descend into the Engenthdl, and then ascending to the 
 right reach Wangenburg (p. 293) in 1 hr. more. 
 
 43. From Strassburg to Bale. 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. 288, 300. 
 
 88 M. Railway in 3-4V2 hrs, (fares 11 Jl 30, 7.50, 4.80 pf.j express, 
 12 Jl 90, 9.10, 6.40 pf.). Fur travellers in the other direction the German 
 custom-hoiise examination takes place in Bale. 
 
 The line describes a curve round the town, and proceeds towards 
 the S. Near Konigshofen, where the capitulation of Strassburg was 
 signed in a railway-van in Sept., 1870, the junction-line to Kehl 
 (p. 330) diverges to the left; that to Saales (p. 289) diverges to 
 the right a little farther on. On the left the tower of the cathedral 
 long remains visible, on the right we observe the new fortifications 
 of Wolfisheim (Fort Prince Bismarck) and LingoUheim (Fort Crown 
 Prince of Saxony). Then on the left the outworks of lllkirch (Fort 
 Werder) and of (41/2 M-) Grafenstaden (Fort v. d. Tann), the latter 
 place possessing important machine-factories. 572^. Geispolshebn; 
 l^l-i M. Fegershehn; 10 M. Limersheim ; I21/2 ^- Erstein (Lowe), a 
 town with 4800 inhabitants. 
 
 The line now runs nearer the mountains. The Odilienberg 
 (p. 295), with its white convent, is long a conspicuous object. The
 
 SCHLETTSTADT. 43. Route. 283 
 
 land is fertile and well-cultivated, tobacco being one of the principal 
 crops. The hill-slopes are covered with vineyards , the best wine 
 being produced at Rappoltsweiler, Tiirkheim, Thann, etc. 
 
 1472 ^i- Matzenheim; 17 M. Benfeld; 20 M. Kogenheim; 
 22^2 ^I- Ebersheim. On a hill to the right of the entrance to the 
 Leberthal rise the oM castles of Ortenburg andRamstein(seep. 292). 
 
 27 M. ScMettstadt [Adler §- Bock ,• Goldnes Lamm, near the 
 station, both well spoken of), a town with 9400 inhab., once a 
 free city of the German Empire, attained the height of its prosperity 
 daring the 13-15th centuries. It was fortified by Vauban after its 
 capture by the French, but was taken by the Germans on 25th Oct., 
 1.S70. The church of St. Fides, founded in 1094 by the Hohenstau- 
 fen, but completed at a later period, an edifice in the Romanesque 
 and Transitional styles, with a porch, is a memorial of the town's 
 former importance. So, likewise, is the cathedral of St. George, 
 one of the finest specimens of Gothic architecture in Alsace, a cru- 
 ciform church with an octagonal tower, founded at the beginning of 
 the 13th cent., and lately restored. The choir was begun in 1415. 
 A new barrack has been erected at the railway-station. — Railway 
 to Markirch and Weiler, see p. 297; to Zabern, see p. '291. 
 
 Farther on, to the right, halfway up the hill, we observe the 
 ruined castle of Kinzheim (p. 297). 301/2 M- St. Pitt; the village 
 (Krone) is about 3 M. from the station, and is commanded by the 
 ruins of the lofty Hohen-Konigshurg (p. 299); farther on is the 
 Tannchel (p. 299). 
 
 33 M. Eappoltsweiler, 21/2 M. from the station, with which 
 it is connected by a steam-tramway (^20 pf.), lies at the foot of the 
 mountains. Above it rise three castles (p. 300). 
 
 35 M. Ostheim; 38 M. Bennweier, to the right of which is the 
 opening of the Weissthal (Kaysersberg, see p. 301). To the right 
 is the Galz (^p. 304), beside it the Drei ^hren (p. 304), and be- 
 hind are the Kleine and Grosse Hohnack (p. 304j. 
 
 40'/2 M. Colmar (see Plan, p. 281). —Hotels. Deux Clefs (Pi. x ; 
 D, 2j, R. 1.60-3 Jl, B. 1, D. with wine 2 U5f 80, S. 2 ^ 40, omn. 60 pf. ; 
 SoHWARZES Lamm, Sunxe, near the station; Van Briesen, with restau- 
 rant, R. 2 .^, B. 80 pf. — Beer at Molly s and the Cafi Brand. — Pates dc 
 foie gras at Scherer's, PfafiFengasse. 
 
 Colmar, a town with 30,400 inhab., is the capital of Upper 
 Alsace and the seat of the court of appeal for Alsace and Ger- 
 man Lorraine. It is situated on the Lauch, a tributary of the 111, 
 and the Logelbach (jp. 304), which flow through the town, and 
 is 2'/2 M. from the mountains and 10 M. from the Rhine, nearly 
 in a straight line with Freiburg in t'ne Breisgau. 
 
 Colmar was declared a free town of the Empire by the Emp. Frede- 
 rick II. in 1226, and became so powerful that in 1474 its inhabitants re- 
 fused admittance to Charles the Bold, who by a treaty with Archduke 
 Sigmnnd of Austria had become master of Alsace, the Breisgau, and the 
 Sundgau from 147(J to 1476. In the Thirty Years' War it was occupied 
 by the Swedes, and in 1673 by the French. In 1C97 it was awarded to 
 Louis XIV. by the Peace of Ryswyck. — In the Rhenish history of art
 
 284 Route 43. COLMAR. From Strasshurg 
 
 Colmar is a place of some importance, having been the scene of the la- 
 bours of Martin Schonyauer (b. about 1420, probably at Colmar; d. 1488 at 
 Colmar), a descendant of an Augsburg family of artists. He was surnamed 
 'Hipsch Martin' from his beautiful (hiibsch) paintings, a sobriquet after- 
 wards converted into 'Martin Schon\ He was still more eminent as an 
 engraver than as a painter, and was certainly the greatest German artist 
 of the 15th century. 
 
 The road from the station leads direct to the pleasant grounds 
 in the Champ de Mars, or Marsfeld, in which a.'^ Fountain Momiment 
 (PI. 5), a statue in hronze on a lofty stone pedestal, surrounded by 
 flgures representing the four quarters of the globe, by the Colmar 
 sculptor F. A. Bartholdy, was erected in 1857 to Admiral Bruat 
 {d. 1855), a native of Colmar. The large building to the S. is the 
 Bezirksprdsidium (PI. 2^ B. 4), or office of the President of the 
 district (formerly the Prefecture). The Monument of General Rapp 
 (PI. 7), another native of Colmar (1772-1821), is also by Bartholdy. 
 
 In striking contrast to this quite modern part of the town is 
 the inner town witli its narrow, picturesque streets, and numerous 
 handsome secular buildings of the 16th and 17th centuries (the 
 most important are marked in the plan). In the centre rises the 
 Church of St. Martin(FlAi ; C,2,3), a fine cruciform Gothichuilding, 
 with marks of French inlluence, begun in 1237. The choir dates 
 from 1350. Of the two W. towers, that on the S. alone is partly 
 completed. The S. side-portal, with interesting sculptures, merits 
 examination. The sacristy, adjoining the choir on the right, con- 
 tains a 'Madonna in an arbour of roses' by Martin Schongauer, an 
 excellent, though harsh work, the most important production of 
 the master, now partly painted over. 
 
 The buildings of the old Dominican Nunnery of Unterlinden, 
 founded in 1232, famous in the history of the German Mysticism 
 of the 13th and 14th cent., and suppressed during the French Revo- 
 lution, were restored in 1849-58, and, together with the early- 
 Gothic church, have been tastefully converted into a *Museum. 
 (PI. 12; B, 2; open on Sun. and Thurs. 2-6, winter 2-4, gratis; 
 on other days, 8-12 and 2-6, for a fee). 
 
 We first enter the fine early -Gothic Cloisters, which contain a 
 collection of Roman-Gallic and mediaeval stone monuments, including a 
 Roman roof-shaped tombstone from Kempel (No. 18) , and a number of 
 interesting Roman tomb -reliefs from Horburg. In the centre is a fine 
 Monument to Schongauer by Bartholdy. To the E. is a room containing 
 plaster casts. 
 
 The chief point of interest in the museum is the ^Collection of Eakly 
 German Pictlres, partly brought from the Monastery of Isenheim (p. 308), 
 and now preserved in the choir of the church to the S. of the cloisters. 
 Among tlie principal works are several examples of Martin Schongauer 
 (Nos. 132-135, 179, 181, etc.) and Nos. 137-143 (Scenes from the Passion 
 by Caspar Jsenmann; 1462). The three painted carved wooden ''Figures 
 of SS. Anthony, Jerome, and Augustine, were part of the famous altar 
 at Isenheim. The paintings by. Afuthias Qriinewald (d. after 1529), 
 which formed the wings of the same altar (Nos. 163-171), are also pre- 
 served here. Another piece of painted wood-carving, of Clirist and the 
 Apostles (according to the inscription by Des. Beychel, 1493), is also from 
 Isenheim. — The nave i>r the church contains a large Roman mosaic
 
 .to Bale. EGISHEIM. 43. Route. 285 
 
 pavement from Bergheim, several ci^rk-mndel.s of buildings in Alsace, and 
 a number of modern paintings. — On the upper floor of the monastery 
 is a collection of smaller antique object^, including Roman, Germanic, 
 and Gallic gold and silver ornaments and weapons ; a Natural History 
 Collection, an Ethnographical Collection, a Cabinet of Engravings, and the 
 Library. 
 
 Hailway from Colmar to Miinster. see p. 304; to Freiburg, see pp. 33'^, 
 337. — Steam -tramways to Winzenheim (3 M. ; p. 305), to Schnierlach 
 (p. 302), and to Markolshdni. 
 
 Beyond Colmar we observe on the right the castle ol Hohenlands- 
 berg (see p. 305). 
 
 44 M. Egisheim. Above the village , which is 1 M. from the 
 station, stands the castle of Hohen-Eyisheim, or Dreien- Egisheim, 
 with its three towers, which have been for some time visible in the 
 distance : the Dagshurg, of the l^th, and the Wahlenburg and Wek- 
 mund of the 11th cent., kjiown as the ^ Drei-Exen' , and claiming 
 (like the Dagsburg near Zabern, p. '282') to be the birthplace of Pope 
 Leo IX., who was a Count of Egisheim and Dagsburg. The route from 
 the station to the castle is by the village of Hdusern, whence afoot- 
 path ascends through wood. — The descent may be made to the S. 
 by the Augustine abbey of Marbach (now a farm), founded in 1094, 
 of which a tower , part of the church-choir, and a few Romanesque 
 columns of the cloisters are still extant (comp. p. 305). 
 
 45 M. Herlisheim. — 49Y2 -^1- I^^fach ('*i?aV;, the 7?t/JeacMm 
 of the Romans. The *Church of St. Arbogast , a cruciform vaulted 
 basilica, with an octagonal tower over the crossing, erected at the 
 close of the 12th cent., partly in the Transition, and partly in the 
 Gothir style, has lately been restored. The choir dates from the be- 
 ginning of the 14th century. Close to the town is a hill, which was 
 formerly crowned by the castle of Isenburg, one of the oldest in Al- 
 sace, frequently occupied by the MeroNingian-Frankish kings; an 
 insignificant modern building stands on the old foundations. 
 
 Sulzmatt, a small watering-place in a pretty side-valley, lies 4'/"2 M. to 
 the W. of Rufach. Diligence four times daily in 3/4 hour. The water 
 resembles that of Selters, and is much in vogue in Alsac*;. Pension 5 ^ff. 
 
 521/2 ^1. Merxheitn. To the right, in the distance, is the Klcine 
 Belchen (p. 306), and beyond it the Grosse Belchen (p. 309). — 
 57 M. Bollweiler, the junction for Lautenbach (see p. 308). The 
 Baumann Arboricultural Schools here are the oldest and most ex- 
 tensive in Alsace. 
 
 I'iligence thrice daily in 1 hr. from Bollweiler to Ensisheim , a 
 small town with 2700 inhab., 5 M. to the E. It was once the capital 
 of the Aiistrian possessions in Alsace, and is interesting for its specimens 
 of secular edifices of the 15th and 16th centuries, chiefly in the Renaissance 
 style, especially the imposing Roihlaus with its handsome bartizan and 
 the Hdtel zur Krone. The former contains a meteoric stone, which fell 
 here in 1492. — Steam-tramwav to Mulhausen (10 M. ; see below). 
 
 The Thur is now crossed.'— 60 M. Witielsheim; 631/2 M. iti^er- 
 bach (junction for Thann and Masmiinster, p. 308). Here the train 
 leaves the mountains, turns to the E., and reaches (65 M.) Dornach, 
 an industrial suburb of Mulhausen. The photographs of M. Braun 
 of Dornach (d. 1886) are well known in France and Germany.
 
 286 Route 13. MULHAUSEN. From Strassburg 
 
 67 M. Mnlhansen. — Hotels. "Centkal Hotel (PI. E, 6), with 'good 
 rostaiirant; Hotel Wagnek (PI. E, 5), R. 1 ^ 60 pf.; Hotel du Noed (PI. E. 
 F, T), to the right of the station. 
 
 Restaurants. Rail. Restaur.; Federmann^ Moll, Neuquartier-Platz. 
 
 Cab, 1 J( GO pf. per hour. — Steam-Tramways in several streets, to 
 Ensisheim (see above), Pfastadt, and Wittenheim. 
 
 Miilhausen, in the Sundgau, once a free city of the German 
 Empire, and from 1515 to 1798 allied with the Swiss Confed- 
 eration, is now the most important manufacturing town in Alsace 
 (cotton goods, chemicals, paper, iron-wares, machinery, etc."). It 
 is the seat of sovernraent for the district, with a provincial tribunal 
 and 77,000 inhabitants. 
 
 Leaving the Railway Station (PI. E, F, 7) and proceeding a few 
 paces towards the right, we cross the canal, and enter the New 
 Quarter of the town, with its large but unattractive houses, many 
 of which have wide, arched porticoes on the ground-floor. Here is 
 situated the large building of the ^Societe IndustrielW (PI. E, 6), 
 an association formed in 1825 for the promotion of Industrial and 
 scientific, interests of all kinds. It contains natural history collections 
 and a library. The Museum (PI. F, 6), established by the Socie'te 
 Induritriellc in 1882, contains an admirable collection of Romano- 
 Celtic Antiquities, most of them found in Alsace, and the Histo- 
 rical Museum, a collection of objects illustrative of local history. 
 On the second floor is a Picture Gallery^ with good specimens of 
 modern French masters. 
 
 Proceeding straight on, we enter the Baseler-Thor-Strasse, the 
 main street of the Old Town. A street, diverging to the left, leads 
 to the Rathhaus-Platz, in which is the Rathhaus (PI. D, 6), erected 
 in 1552 after a fire, and restored in 184G, a solitary witness of the 
 ancient importance of Miilhausen as a free imperial city. The whole 
 of the facade was painted by Christian Vacksterffer of Colmar. Op- 
 posite the Rathhaus is the modern-Gothic ProtC5fa7i< Church{V\. D, 
 5, 6), with a very showy facade. — The School of Design (PI. B, C, 
 5, 6) contains an interesting and extensive collection of patterns 
 and designs for dress goods, chiefly produced by Miilhausen firms. 
 
 The Arbeiterstadt (PI. A, B, 3, 41, or artizans' colony, founded 
 in 1853by the 'Societe des Cit^s Ouvrieres', a society established by the 
 Mayor Dollfuss to improve the condition of the working classes, lies to 
 the N.E. of the old town (follow the main road and then turn to the 
 left). It now consists of about 1000 houses of one or two stories, 
 each accommodating one or two families, and provided with a small 
 garden. There are also large bath and washing-houses, an infant- 
 school, etc., connected with the colony. The houses are sold to arti- 
 zans almost at cost price (2500-3000 J^^, payable by instalments. 
 The value of the houses already built amounts to about 125,000^., 
 of which sum fully three-fourths have been paid off. — Near the 
 station rises the Rebberg, with several pretty villas, and high or up 
 is the Tannenicald, which commands a beautiful view.
 
 MULHAUSEN
 
 to Bale. ALTKIRCH. 43. Route. 287 
 
 From Mulhadsen to Mullheim in Baden, IS'/s M. , railwav in 
 Vz-'A hr. (fares 1 J( »», I J( 20, 75 pf.). — 3 M. Napoleonsinsel , on the 
 Eliine-Khone-Canal . with larjic paper-mills. The train then traverses the 
 extensive Hartwald. 7 M. Oriinhutte. — 9 M. Banzeriheim, 2V2 M. to the S. 
 of which lies Otfmavsherm. w^ith an interesting Romanesque octagonal chapel, 
 consecrated in the middle of the lith cent., and belonging to a suppressed 
 Benedictine abbey. It is built on the model of the Carlovingian cathedral 
 at Aix-la-Chapelle. — The Rhine is then crossed. 12 M. Neuenburg. IS'/z M. 
 Jfullheim, see p. 32S. 
 
 Fkom McLHAUSEy TO Belfort . 30 M. , railway in 1-3 hrs. (fares 
 4 Uif 20, 3 ur, 2 Jl 10 pf. ; express 4 Uff GO, 3 Ui? 40 pf.). The railway as- 
 cends the smiling valley of the III. There were formerly about 20 castles 
 in the district traversed by this line, which, with numerous villages, have 
 all been destroyed by the ravages of war. At many points traces of Roman 
 fortifications and roads are noticeable. — 3','2 M. Zillisheim; 6 M. Illfurt. 
 5:101/2 M. Altkirch (H6tel Kiibler; Schwarzer Bar; Caf4 Higelin), 
 picturesquely situated on the slope of the hill, is the capital of the Sundgau 
 in the narrower sense of the name. A fine view is obtained from the 
 vicinity of the church. Small collection of antiquities in a media-val 
 tower. Pottery is extensively manufactured here. Almost the whole of 
 the Sundgau belonged to the Counts of Pfirt, whose castle, now in ruins, 
 is in the Jura Mts., above the little town of Pjirt, Fr. Ferette (*Stadt 
 New York), 15 M. to the S. of Altkirch (branch-line in is/i hr. ; the ped- 
 estrian may reach it by a picturesque route via nirsingen). From Pfirt 
 we may proceed to Bale, or by the iron-foundry of Liitzel, formerly an 
 abbey, to Delsberg or Del^oni., on the Jura railway. 
 
 18 M. Dammerkirch ., Fr. Dannemarie. The train then crosses an im- 
 posing viaduct with 35 arches , and i^eaches (21 M.) AU-ifunsterol , Fr. 
 Montreux- Vieux, the German frontier-station. 23 M. Petit-Croix, the 
 French frontier-station. — 31 31. Belfort or Effort {Hotel de VAncienne Posle, 
 R. 3 fr.), a town and fortress on the Savoitreuse, built by Vauban under 
 Louis XIV., and memorable for its long siege by the Germans from 3rd 
 Nov., 1870, to 16th Feb., 1871. See Baedeker's Northern France. 
 
 From Miilhausen to Wetserling, see p. 308. 
 
 As far as(7072-^I-) Hixheim the train continues to run towards the 
 E. ; it tlien turns to tlie S.P^. Tlie soil is gravelly and sterile. 
 71 1/4 M. Habsheim ; liy.y >I- Sierentz ; 791/2 ^^- Bartenheim. lieyond 
 (841/2 M.) St. Ludwig (or St. Louis) the line enters Switzerland. 
 
 From St. Ludwig to Leopoldsuoue (in Baden), 4 M., railway in J/4 hr. 
 (fares 50. 35, 20 pf.). — li/i M. nUningen (Hotel de Paris) , fortified by 
 Vauban in 1679 and dismantled by the Austrians in 1815. About 3 M. 
 from the town lies the famous piscicnltural establishment of Iluningen, 
 which since 1852 has been of great service in replenishing the waters of 
 Alsace with fish. Thousands of young salmon, bred in its tanks, are placed 
 every year in the Rhine and the Moselle, and immense quantities of tmut 
 and other fish in the smaller streams of Upper ALsace. A visit is most 
 interesting in the breeding-season (Jan.-April). — 4 M. Leopoldsho/te, see 
 p. 339. 
 
 88 M. Bale, see p. 339. 
 
 44. The Central and Upper Vosges Mts. 
 
 The Vosges (Lat. Mons Vo^eyus, Ger. Voyesen, or more correctly 
 Wasigen or Wasgenu-alcf) form the western boundary of the basin 
 of the Upper Khine, and run parallel with the Black Forest, with 
 which they for the most part coincide in orological and geological 
 characteristics. They are generally divided into the Upper, Central, 
 and Lower Vosges. The Upppk, or High Vosgbs Mts. are separated
 
 288 Route 44. THE VOSGES. The Central 
 
 froui the Jura on the S. by tlie pass of Belfort, and on the N. extend 
 to the Leberthal (p. 297). Tliey are almost entirely of granitic 
 formation , the granite being adjoined towards the N. by the red 
 sandstone which prevails in the Central and Lower Vosges. The 
 highest summits are the Grosse Belchen (4680 ft.; p. 309), tho 
 Hoheneck (4405 ft. ; p. 306), the Rothenhachkopf(AnOb ft. ; p. 307), 
 and the Kleine Belchen or Kahle Wasen (4160 ft. ; p. 30(3). The 
 Central Vosgbs Mts. stretch from the Leberthal to the Zaberner 
 Senke (p. 278), the highest points being the //oc/t/'eW (3590 ft. ; 
 p. 297), the Mutzigfelsen (3310 ft.), the Donon (3305 ft. ; p. 2^9), 
 the Climont (3215 ft.; p. 290), and the Odilienbery (2680 ft.; 
 p. 295), a spur running out towards the W. The Lower, or Nor- 
 thern Vosges run northwards from the Zaberner Senke as far as 
 the Queich (p. 256); and they are sometimes considered to include 
 the HaardtMts. andtheDonnersberg, and thus to extend to theNahe. 
 
 Up to a height of about 3600 ft. these mountains are covered 
 with luxuriant forests of beech and pine. The highest sum- 
 mits, on which only grass grows, afford excellent pasturage, and 
 are extensively used for cattle -rearing and dairy -farming. The 
 slopes are thickly strewn with ancient castles , and on the side 
 towards Alsace are covered with vineyards, yielding wine of good 
 quality (comp. p. 283). In the densely -populated valleys, iron- 
 working, ore-smelting, weaving, and other industries are actively 
 prosecuted. As in the Black Forest, there are a few mineral springs 
 here, but the Vosges Mts. can scarcely compete with the sister range 
 in point of scenery, as they lack tlie abundant brooks which impart 
 such a charm to the valleys of the latter.. The most beautiful points 
 are the followirtg : the vicinity oft Zabern, the OdUienberg^ the 
 HohenKoniysbury, the castles of Rappoltsweiler, the Miinsterthal 
 with the Schlucht, the St. Amarinthal, and the Masmiinster-Thal. 
 There are good Inns (K. 1-1 V2 «^) ^- ^0 pf., D. incl. wine 2- 
 272 e//, S. incl. wine IY2-2 jSf) at the points most frequently visited. 
 
 The 'Vosges Club', instituted in 1872 , has done nauch to facilitate, a 
 tour among these mountains by the construction of paths, the erection 
 of finger-posts, etc. The best map of the district is that of the German 
 Ordnance Survey, on a scale of 1 : SO.CXX) (36 sheets at 60 pf. each): the 
 best detailed guide-book is that of C. Miindel (5th ed., 1888; price i Jf). 
 
 I. The Central Vosges Mts. 
 
 The separate excursions from Strassburg described in this Route may 
 easily be combined as follows so as to form an uninterrupted tour through 
 this interesting district, the N. part of which is described at p. 2F0, and the 
 S. part in Route b. (p. 291). 1st day. From Strassburg bj' railway to Rornans- 
 rceiler ; walk or by diligence in 11/2 hr. to Wangenhirrg (or from Zabern over 
 the Hohbarr to Wangenburg in 4 hrs., comp. p. 281); thence by the (IV2 
 hr.) Schneeberg and Nideck to (2V2 hrs) Niederhaslacfi, 7-8 hrs. in all. 
 — 2nd day. On foot to Sc/iloss Girbaden 3 hrs. , Odilienberg 2V2 brs., 
 Mennelstein and back I'/ahr., in all 7 hrs. — 3rd day. To Hohwctld 2 hrs., 
 to Weiler by the Pelage 3 hrs. (railway-station , see p. 297). The traveller 
 desirous of proceeding to the IIohen-Konigsburg (p. 299) towards the S. 
 will find good quarters for the night at Weiler.
 
 Vosges. VORBRUCK. 44. Route. 289 
 
 a. From Strassburg to Saales. — Nideck. 
 
 38 M. Railway in 3"2l)rs.; fares i Jf. 00, 3 ^ 30, 2 Jf 10 pf. 
 
 Strassburg, see p. 268. — Several unimportant stations. 
 
 12 M. Kolsheim (Zxcei Schliissel), a small town with SlOOinhab. 
 on the Breusch , at the foot of the Vosses . a fortified place in the 
 middle ages. In the handsome meat-market here the forms of tlie 
 Renaissance are combined with the articulation of Gothic architec- 
 ture. The church fformerly the property of the Jesuits) is partly 
 Gothic and partly in the Renaissance style. — Molsheim is the 
 junction for the Zabern and Schlettstadt line (p. 291). 
 
 The Saales line ascends the pleasant green valley of the 
 Breusch , which is enclosed by wooded heights and rocks of red 
 porphyry. The stream descends from the Winberg or Climont (290). 
 
 14 M. Mutzig (Zur Post), a small town of 2700 inhabitants. — 
 151/2 M. Gressweiler. To Schloss Girbaden, see p. 293. — l?!/., M. 
 Heiligenberg, whence another good path leads to Girbaden. 
 
 20 M. Vrmatt ("Wahlmann , at the station , well spoken of; 
 Chasse Forcee, in the village) is the starting-point for a visit to 
 the Haslachthal and the Nideck (see p. 290. 
 
 22 M. Liitzelhausen (Zwei Schliissel), a large village, whence 
 a pleasant excursion may be made via the Grande Cote (in German 
 Langenberg') and the Noll to the Alberschweiler Thai, or valley 
 of the Rothe Saar (8 hrs.). — From (23V4 M.) Wisch (Goldene 
 Glocke) , a Roman road leads to the Donon (see below). 241/2 M. 
 Russ-Hersbach. 
 
 26 M. Schirmeck-Vorbruck (1085 ft.; Hotel de France, in 
 Vorbruck; ^-Ilotel Donon, Hotel Vogt, in Schirmeck), two busy little 
 places with 2700 inhab., situated at the point where the valley of 
 the Breus«5h (with the road to St. Die') is joined by the valley of 
 Grandfontaine (through which a road leads to Raon-1'Etape). The 
 two villages are separated by the Breusch. Vorbruck, Fr. Labroque, 
 with the railway-station, is on the left bank ; Schirmeck lies on 
 the right bank and is commanded by the Schlossberg, on which are 
 a ruined castle of the Bishops of Strassburg and a modern statue 
 of the Virgin (view). Besides French, a curious mixed patois of 
 French, German, and Celtic, is spoken here (grammar by Oberlin). 
 
 Fkom Schirmkck to the Donon. 2'/2-3 brs. — A drive of 2' '2 hrs. on 
 the road to Raon-TEtape tlirough the valley of Grandfontaine brings us 
 to the Plaieforme du Donon finn at the forester's). The top is reached thence 
 in 40 minutes. If we take the diliizence from Schirmeck to Grandfon- 
 taine, we turn to the left from the Cerf Blanc, where the vehicle stops, 
 pass through Grandfontaine. and reach the forester's house in about 
 "2 hour. Pedestrians should follow the path which diverges to the ri<;ht 
 from the Grandfontaine road at the church of Wackenbach about li|2 M. from 
 Schirmeck (guide-post marked 'Entre les deux Donons ). This gradually 
 ascends to the top in about 2-2V2 hrs.. passing through fine woods, well- 
 stocked with deer, and commanding picturesque views. The Donon (8305 ft.), 
 one of the most frequented summits of the Central Vosges, affords an 
 extensive survey of the surrounding mountains, of Alsace towards the W., 
 and of the hills and plain of Lorraine on the E. In clear weather the 
 Bernese Alps canjbe distinguished to the^S. On the summit is a moun- 
 
 BAiiDEKEU's Rhine. 12th Edit. 19
 
 290 Route 44. ROTHAU. The Central 
 
 tain indicator and the 'Musee', a small sandstone 'temple'", bxiilt in 18f59 
 and containing some antiquities discovered in the neijihbourhood. There 
 is a refuce-hut about 30 yds. below the summit, amid the rocks on the 
 side next the Kleine Donon. A path from the summit passes the 'temple 
 of Mercury'' (thence to the left, by the path indicated by the guide-post 
 'Grandfontaine') and the Druidenfelsen, and reaches the forester's house 
 in 1/2 hr. 
 
 28 M. 'Rot'h.a.uf* Deux Clefs) ^ a pleasant-looking and busy village, 
 with IGOO inhabitants. The mined castle of Salm, 41/2 M. to tlie 
 W., commands a view of the Donon and the Mutziger Thai; it was 
 the seat of the Princes of Salm, to whom the whole district belonged. 
 About V2 ^^- from the castle is the hamlet of Salm. The Katzen- 
 stein, or Chatte Pendue, 2 M. farther, affords a good view of the 
 Hochfeld, the valley of the Breusch, and the valley of the Rhine. 
 A pleasant excursion may be taken from Rothau to (3 M.") Natz- 
 weiler and (2/4 M.^ the '^Cascade de la Serva, which lies in the midst 
 of dark pine-forests (often visited from Hohwald, p. 296 ; 5 M.), 
 
 Ascent of the Odilienberg, 6 hrs. We ascend the right bank of the 
 stream and at a saw-mill beyond (3 M.l Natztceiler follow the wood-slide. 
 At dV'i hr.) a spring we ascend in a straight direction towards the crest, 
 cross it, and reach (i/o hr.) the broad road from Hochfeld to (3/4 M-) Roth- 
 lach. The rest of the way is indicated by finger-posts. 
 
 31 M. Fonday, ger. TJrhach (^Auberge de la Poste. fair), at the 
 union of the Chergutte with the Breusch. 
 
 Fouday belongs, like Rothau and five other villages, to ^the ancient 
 lordship of Sfehit/ial , Fr. Ban de la Eoche, which has been a deso- 
 late and sparsely -peopled district since the time of the Thirty Years'" 
 War. The places named owe their prosperity and comparative 
 populousness to the praiseworthy philanthropic exertions of JoJiann 
 FriedHch Oberlin (h. at Strassburg 1740, d. 1826), who is buried in 
 the churchyard of Fouday — The saddle of the Hochfeld. at a point 
 near a finger-post showing the road to Hohwald fcomp. p. 206). may be 
 reached from Fouday in about 3 hrs., vi.a Wa7dersbacl> , where Oberlin 
 was a Protestant pastor, and Belmont. — From FornAT to Weiler in the 
 Weilerthal (p. 297), via St. Blaise^ Ranrvjtt., Stei(/e, and Meisengott, is a 
 walk of about 4 hrs. 
 
 321/2 M. St. Blaise- Poutay ; 33^/2 M. Saulxures] 86 M. Boury- 
 Bruche. 
 
 This is the usual starting-point for on ascent (IV2 hr.) oftheClimont 
 (3215 ft.), the third-highest summit of the Central Vcsges, commanding 
 an extensive view, especially fine towards the W. The loute from Bourg- 
 Bruche leads to the E. andthen to the S.-E., passing Erreuil and the 
 farm-hou^e of Schlag. 
 
 38 M. Saales (Hotel de VEurope), the last German village, lies 
 about 3 min, from the frontier. Omnibus thence to St. Die (see 
 Baedeker's Northern France). 
 
 ITaslach Yat.lby. By proceeding to the N., over the hill, from 
 Urmatt (p. 2891 we soon reach (1 M.) — 
 
 Nieder-Haslach ('*J)e;cor}im^fe, opposite the church; *A'pfel), 
 formerly the seat of a convent. The large Gothic church of -S'^ Pie- 
 rian possesses beautiful old stained-glass windows, and fine Gothic 
 sculptures on the W. portal. The body of the church and the tower 
 date from the J 4th cent. ; the choir was begun in 1274, and rebuilt
 
 Vosges. ROSHEIM. U. Route. 291 
 
 ill 1*290 after its rlestruction by fire. A side-chapel to the left con- 
 tains tlie tombstone of a son of Meister Erwin (*fllii Erwini ma- 
 gistri'; d. 1330), the buihier of the choir. 
 
 The road continues to ascend the Ilaslach , and at the end of 
 (I1/4M.) Oberhaslach (Beer at Fuchsloch's) it divides. We follow 
 the branch to the right, leading through a beautiful and gradually 
 contracting dale to the C^^/o M.) fifth saw-mill from Oberhaslach, 
 A few paces on this side of it a broad footpath ascends to the right 
 into the beautiful pine-clad *Valley of the Nideck, enclosed by 
 rocks of porphyry, which vies with the finest scenery of the Black 
 Forest. At the (1 M.) upper end of the valley the Nideck forms a 
 waterfall, 80 ft. in height. High above it stands the square tower 
 of the Castle of Nideck, called by an old tradition the castle of the 
 giants, to which a zigzag path ascends to the right, crossing the 
 brook to the left above the waterfall. The tower commands a fine 
 view of the valley. From this point to the foresters house of Nideck 
 (*Inn), 15-20 min., see p. 293. 
 
 From the forester's house to the Schneeherg, see p. 203. To Wangeii- 
 burg fp. 293) a new path (numerous finger-posts) avoiding the Schneeberg 
 leads in 2 hrs. In good weatber, the route over the Schneeberg is pre- 
 ferable (p. 293). 
 
 b. From Zabern to Schlettstadt by Molsheim. Wangenburg. 
 Girbaden. Odilienberg. Hohwald. 
 
 4U>/2 M. Railway to Schlettstadt in 23/4 hrs.; fares 5 Jt 30, 3 M 50, 
 2 Ul 30 pf. — Hest viows to the ri-ht. 
 ^- Znhern, see p. 11^. — 2'/2 M. Ottersweiler. 
 
 5 M. Maursmunster, Fr. Manimutier (Krone; Zwei Schlilssel), 
 a small village. The Church of St. Mnurus, which belonged to an 
 ancient and once powerful Benedictine abbey, now suppressed, 
 possesses a handsome late-Romauesque facade and a vaulted vesti- 
 bule (a favourite style in Alsace ; comp. the church of St. Fides 
 at Schlettstadt, and the church at Gebweiler). 
 
 9 M. Romansxceiler. (Route to Wangenburg, see p. 293.) 
 10 M. Papiermilhle. 
 
 11 M. "Wasselnheim , French Wasselonne (*Goldner Apfel), a 
 town with 3900 inhab., prettily situated on the Mossig, with the 
 ruins of an old castle, and extensive stocking-factories. 
 
 121/2 M. Wangen; I33/4M. A/arZen/«ejTn, the traditionary home of 
 the Nlbelungen hero, Hagen von Troneck; 141^4 M. Kirchheim: 
 15^-2 M. Scharrachhergheim , 2 M. to the W. of which lies West- 
 hofen, with a handsome Gothic church of the 14th cent. ; I71/4 M. 
 Sulzbad ; 18 M. Avolsheim, a village with a Romanesque church of 
 the 11th cent. ('Dom-Pcter'), tlie nave of which has a flat roof. 
 
 20 M. Molsheim, the junction of the Strassburg and Saales 
 railway (p. 289). — 201 2 lyj, Dorlisheim, with a Romanesque 
 church. In the distance, farther on, Girbaden (p. 294), 
 
 22 M. Rosheim (Pflug), a small town with 3300 inhab.. 
 
 19*
 
 292 Route 44. BARR. The Central 
 
 once a free city of the empire , has several times suffered de- 
 struction, but the mediaeval fortifications are in good preser- 
 vation, and the ancient tower-gatesare still standing. The Roma- 
 nesque Church of SS. Peter and Paul was consecrated in 1049; the 
 present edifice dates from the 12th cent., and has been added to 
 in Gothic times. Several of the old houses are very picturesque. 
 
 241/4 M. Bischofsheim. In the distance the castles of Otrott 
 (p. 294"), farther on the Odilieuberg (p. 295) and tbe Mennelstein 
 (p. 295). 
 
 251/2 M. Ober-Ehnlieim, French Obernai {Hotel Wagner, by the 
 church, wellspokenof ; Vormwald, atthe station), with 4300 inhab., 
 and several manufactories, was raised to the dignity of a free impe- 
 rial town by Emp. Frederick II. The Town Hall of 1523, thoroughly 
 restored in 1849, contains an interesting old council-chamber; in 
 front of it is a draw-well. There are several other picturesque 
 houses. The Fruit Market., near the town-hall, is in the Gothic and 
 Renaissance styles. — From Ober-Ehnheim to the Odilienberg, 
 see p. 294. 
 
 271/2 M. Goxweiler produces a good variety of white wine'('Clev- 
 ner') ; the station affords a fine view of the mountains, with their 
 numerous ruined castles. Pleasant walk through the 'Heiligensteiner 
 An' to Heiligenstein (p. 294). 
 
 281/2 M* Gertweiler ; to the right the ruin of Landsperg (p. 295), 
 opposite Schloss Andlau (p. 296). 
 
 30 M. Barr (*Rothes Haus ; *Krone; Ooldner Apfel ; Inn and 
 Hydropathic Establishment Zum Buhl; *Rail. Restaurant), a busy 
 little town of 5700 inhab., with extensive tanneries, is prettily 
 situated at the mouth of the Kimeckthal. The T'own Hall in the 
 market-place was built in 1640. 
 
 31 1/2 M. Eichhofen, station for Andlau (2 M.; p. 296), and Stotz- 
 heim, 21/2 M. to the W. Then (33 M.) Epfig, with 2500 inhab.; 
 at the E. end is the early-Romanesque Margarethencapelle. To the 
 right, in the background, rises the TJngersberg (2955 ft.). 
 
 361/2 M. Dambacli (*KroneJ, a small town of 3000 inhab., with 
 the remains of old fortifications and several late-Gothic houses. 
 The Chapel of St. Sebastian to the W., with its Romanesque tower and 
 Gothic choir , contains a richly-carved wooden altar. Passing' the 
 chapel we reach in 40 min. the extensive ruins of the castle of 
 Bernstein , whence we may proceed (guide-post) by the castle of 
 Ortenberg, with its bold pentagonal tower of the 13th cent., and 
 that of Ramstein (locally known as the 'Scherweiler Schlosser'), to 
 Kestenholz (p. 297). 
 
 39 M. Scherweiler, where the insurgent peasants were defeated 
 in the Peasants' War of 1525. In the background, to the right, the 
 Altenberg (2875 ft.) and the 'ruined Frankenburg (p. 297). — 
 411/2 M. Schlettstadt, see p. 283. v,
 
 Vosges. WANGENBURG. 44. Route. 293 
 
 From Romanswbiler to Wangenburg, 7 M., diligence thrice 
 daily in summer in 1^2 hr. The road crosses the Mossig, and then 
 ascends the wooded and confined valley watered by that stream. 
 Pedestrians may save about 2 M. by short-cuts. 
 
 From Zabern to Wangenburg, 10 M., see pp. 280-282. 
 
 Wangenburg (1475 ft. ; *H6tel Weyer, R. 1 ..// 20, D. 2.40, pens. 
 4 ^ 40pf.), a small, scattered village, commanded by the ruins 
 of the castle of that name (built in the 13th cent.), is beautifully 
 situated among meadows surrounded by pine-forest, and frequently 
 visited in summer on account of the purity of its air. 
 
 The route from Wangenburg to the top of the Schneeberg (3150 ft.; 
 IVohr.) descends to the left near the church, passes a well on the 
 left, and a solitary house, and then ascends to the left by a footpath 
 (finger-post). On quitting the wood (1 hr.) the path proceeds to the 
 left in the direction of the rocks, among which a shelter-hut has 
 been built. The summit (mountain-indicator) commands an ex- 
 tensive *View over Alsace (to the E.), the plain of Lorraine (to 
 the W.), and the Vosges. — A good path (not to be mistaken) 
 descends to the S. in •^/^ hr. to the forester's house of Nideck (*lnri). 
 Thence to Nideck Castle (see p. 291), 1/4 ^r. : we turn to the right 
 along the carriage road, from which a path diverges to the left in 
 7 min., reaching the castle in 6 min. more. To Nieder-Haslach, see 
 p. 291, and Map, p. 288. 
 
 Fkom Nideck to Schirjieck bt the Donon, a fine excursion for 
 good walkers. From Xideck we ascend to the ridge in 8/4 ^r. and then 
 follow it towards the S.W., passing (1/4 hr.) the 'Urstein (fine view). In 
 V2 hr. more our path joins a road, quits it again very soon, and skirts 
 the S.E. aide of the crest: 2 hrs. finger-post showing the way to Wi.idi ; 
 V/i hr. saddle with finger-posts pointing to the Kleine and the Grosse 
 Donon. A visit to the former is scarcely worth the trouble, and it is there- 
 fore better to follow the upper (old) road to the right and ascend to 
 the top of the Grosse Donon by a shady footpath leading from the saddle 
 between the two summits. The new road from Alberschweiler leads to 
 the forester's house of Donon. From the Donon to Schirmeck, see p. 280. 
 
 The Ruins of Girbadbn may be visited from Heiligenberg 
 (p. 289), Rosheim (p. 291), or Urmatt (p. 289). — The most 
 convenient route is that from Heiligenberg. From the railway- 
 station a footpath crosses the Magelbach and leads to a pointsman's 
 cottage, where we cross the railway and enter the wood (finger- 
 post),); 40 min. finger-post pointing to the Grausclilagfelsen 
 (view). In 40 min. more, latterly on the Urmatt road, we reach 
 the forester's house of Girbaden, whence the road (better views 
 than from the footpath) leads in 10 min. to the ruin. 
 
 Leaving the station at Rosheim^ we follow the principal street inter- 
 secting the village to the W. for about 1/2 M. and then ascend gradually 
 by the high-road. After walking for about 3 M. we reach a finger-post, 
 indicating the way straight on to (I/2 M.) Grendelbruch, to the left to 
 ([3/4 M.) Klingenthal, and to the right to Gressweiler, We proceed in 
 the last direction to (1/2 M.) a second finger-post, which points across the 
 bridge, to the left, to Laubenheim (Inn), from which Girbaden may be 
 reached by a steep footpath in about 3/4 br.
 
 294 Route 44. GIRBADEN. The Central 
 
 Schloss Girbaden (1855 ft. ), one of the oldest and most exten- 
 sive fortresses in Alsace, is said once to have possessed 14 gates 
 and 14 court-yards, and is still an imposing ruin. The inner castle 
 dates from the 10th, the imposing outer castle from tlie early 
 part of the 13th century. In the W. portion a hall, the handsome 
 windows of which are bordered with clustered pillars, is still trace- 
 able. The Chapel of St. Valentine, which has been erected among 
 the ruins beside the square W. tow^er, is much frequented by 
 pilgrims. 
 
 Travellers coming from the N. {e.g. fromWangenburg, or the Schneeberg) 
 and wishing to proceed to Girbadon, may do 80 by crossing the hill from 
 Nieder-Hadach (p. 281) to (20 min.) Urmatt (p. 289) \ from the village as 
 well as from the stati<jn of Lirmatt new paths (way-posls) lead to (d M.) 
 Grendelbruch (Hdtel Schaller , p us. 3'/V4 Jlf;, a favourite summer- resort 
 of the Strasshurgors. Fine view from the Falkeasteinfelsen^ \}/-iM. from 
 the hotel. From Grendelbruch to Girbaden in 1 hr. ; the footpath qnits 
 the road to Ivosheim, a few hundred paces below the village, and ascends 
 the slope. 
 
 A considerably shorter path leads direct to the S. to Girbaden, quit- 
 ting the road IV4 M. to the E. of Urmatt, about V2 M. to the E. of the 
 point where the Niederhaslach road joins the Breuschthal road; comp. 
 Jlap, p. 2S8. 
 
 At the Girbaden Forsthaus the traveller shovild ask the way to the small 
 village of Laubenheim^ mentioned above, which is reached after a steep 
 descent of 25 min. (the footpath at lirst not being well-delined). Thence in 
 5 min. to a road (several guide-posts), leading to (272 M.) Klingciithal (see 
 below, ascent of the Odilienberg 2 hrs. more). 
 
 Ascent of the Odilienberg. — From Ober-Ehnheim (carriage 
 there and baciv 9-12 m.) the road leads to the W. by ('27.2 M.) 
 Nieder-Otrott (785 ft.; Schwan ; Griiner Baum), at the foot of the 
 hill (good red wine), and then winds round the eminence (1640 ft., 
 ascended in 40 min. ; zigzag footpath to the new pavilion on the 
 Elzberg and to the Dreistein, p. 296), which is crowned by the 
 ruins of Lutzelbiirg and Rathsamhausen. At (IV4 ^0 Kllngenthal 
 (Schwan), a road to (2^/4 M.) Laubenheim (see above) diverges to 
 the N. (right). The road to the (2 hrs.) Odilienberg traverses beau- 
 tiful woods. 
 
 Pedestrians elTect a considerable saving by following the road from 
 Nieder-Otrott to Ober-Olrott, and 7 min. beyond the latter (or about half- 
 way to St. Nabor), taking a forest-path to the right which follows an ancient 
 Roman causeway and leads to the top in l'/4 hour. Another path, ascends 
 direct from Ober-Otrott in IV2 hr. A third route leads from St. Nabor 
 past Niedenniinster (with a chapel lately rebuilt, and a farm-house adja- 
 cent), also founded by St. Odilc, and afterwards joins the road from Barr. 
 
 From Barr (p. 292) to the Odilienberg (21/2 lirs.) the route is 
 more picturesque than from Ober-Ehnheim. — The road leads from 
 the station direct to the N., via (1 M.) Heiligenstein (Stern, opposite 
 the Rathhaus; Robstock; good 'Clevner' at both), ^/2 M. beyond 
 which a finger-post indicates the way (left) to (3/^ M) Truttenhausen 
 and (3'Y4M.) St. Odile. The suppressed Augustine abbey of Trut- 
 tenhausen (1230 ft.) was founded in 1181; it is now, along with 
 the ruins of the Gothic abbey-church , dating from 1490, private
 
 Vosges. ODILIENBERG. 44. Route. 295 
 
 property. — To the W., situated on the slope of the Bloss, of 
 which the Mennelstein is the highest point, we observe the ruins 
 of the castle oi Landsperg (1915 ft. ; key kept hy the forester), erected 
 in the 13th century. — A few hundred paces beyond Truttenhausen, 
 at the beginning of the wood, is a fimzer-post, pointing in a straight 
 direction to St. Odile, and to the left to Landsperg. Another finger- 
 post is reached about 172 ^i- farther on, in a clearing in the wood, 
 which affords a view of the monastery above ; it indicates the way to 
 Niedenniinster [see above) on the right, and St. Udile on the left. 
 Continuing the steep ascent, we reach the Odilienbrunnen, welling 
 up in a grotto close to the new road , the water of which has been 
 used by thousands of devotees as a cure for diseases of the eye. 
 The convent is reached in 1/4 hr. more. 
 
 Another route from Barr leads past the Protestant church to the for- 
 ester's house of Heywang ; thence to (i hr.) the ruin of Landsp&rg (see 
 abovej, whence we may either proceed to the Mennelstein (see below), 
 or go direct to the nunnery. 
 
 The *Odilienberg is a long mountain with a rocky eminence 
 (^2030 ft.) in the middle, on the E. side of which stands a nunnery 
 founded by Ste. Odile, the patron -saint of Alsace. The abbey- 
 church, which is much frequented by pilgrims, and has even been 
 visited by emperors and popes, contains the tomb of the foundress. 
 (^Inn at the nunnery, R. l'/2) D. 2i^2» pension 5 Jl^. Tradition 
 relates that Odile, the daughter of Eticho, Duke of Alsace (7th cent.), 
 was born blind, but gained her sight on being baptised , and after- 
 wards spent a long life here in all the odour of sanctity. Superb 
 *View from the convent garden. The Odilienberg, or 'Hohenburg', 
 was fortified at a remote period. Maximian, the co-regent of Dio- 
 clt'tian, is said to have erected a castle here against the Alemanni 
 about the year 300, and a Roman road led to this spot (see abovej. 
 Authorities are not quite agreed as to the origin of the Jleiden- 
 mauer, a wall encircling the entire hill, 6-10 ft. high, 61/2 ft. 
 thick , and still comparatively wellpreserved. The fact that the 
 blocks of sandstone are hewn, and the way in which they are dove- 
 tailed into each other, seem, however, to prove that it is not a pre- 
 Roman monument, but was more probably erected in the 4th, 0th, 
 or Gthcent., as a place of refuge from the predatory attacks of the 
 barbarians. 
 
 The highest point of the ridge is the *Meiinel8tem (2680 ft.), 
 which rises to the S.E., and may be ascended from the nunnery in 
 1/2 hour. In clear weather it commands a view embracing almost the 
 whole of Alsace, the Breisgau as far as the Black Forest, the Vosges 
 (to the S. the Kirneckthal, the Andlauer Schloss, and the Spesburg), 
 the Rhine, and, towards the S.E., the Alps. On the left side of 
 the Mennelstein, towards the plain, are extensive remains of the 
 Heidenmauer, and also on the S. and "W. side. About 1/4 M. be- 
 low the S.W. angle is a point of view, known as the Kiosk. — At 
 the N. extremity of the Odilienberg lies the ruin of Waldsberg, or
 
 296 Route 44. HOHWALD. The Central 
 
 Hagelschlo33, which may be reached in ^4 hr. (the ruin itself is dif- 
 ficult of access). More to the W. is the ruin of Dreislein, buried in 
 wood, consisting of two castles (once three) of the 13th century. 
 
 From the Odilienberg the traveller may proceed by a path through 
 the woods (indicated by linger-posts), in 2^/2 hrs. to Holtwald (see belowj. 
 We follow the path indicated by finger-posts, from the Kiosk (see abovej, 
 and after IV4 hr. turn to the left (the path to the right leads in 1 hr. to 
 Rothlachf see below). 
 
 From Barb, to Hohwald. Post-omnibus in summer twice 
 daily; carriage 8-10 Jf. 
 
 The Garbiage-Roai) from Barr to Hohwald (8^/4 M.) leads by 
 Mittelbergheini to Andlau (Krone; Stadt Slrassbury), a small town 
 with 1700 inhab., prettily situated at the entrance to the Andlau- 
 Thal, with several old timber houses, and a Romanesque Abbey 
 Church o{ the I'ith cent., with Gothic additions, altered in 1701, 
 and judiciously restored in 1801. The crypt (11th cent.) is borne 
 by pillars. The facade is ornamented with rude, fantastic reliefs, 
 and the choir-stalls are very handsome. — The road then ascends the 
 pleasant valley of the Andlau, through beautiful woods, passing the 
 ruins of Andlau and Spesburg on the right (connected with each 
 other by a footpath), and numerous saw-mills. 
 
 Pedestrians should walk through the town of Barr, and from 
 the W. end of it (2 M. from the station) ascend the road on the left 
 bank of the Kirneck as far as the (2 M.) ^Holzplatz\ The carriage- 
 road terminates here , and a 'Schlittweg', or sledge-track for the 
 descent of timber, begins, by which the forester's house of Welsch- 
 6rac/i (refreshments; route to the Neuntenstein, see below) is reach- 
 ed in U/4 hr. ; a footpath thence leads to Hohwald in another 72^^''- 
 
 Hohwald (2000 ft. ; *mtel h'untz, with 'de'pendancos' and baths, 
 U. from Iiy2> 1^- incA. wine 21/2, S. 2, pens. 22^2 <V/ per week) is 
 a straggling village with 700 inhab., and a Protestant and a Roman 
 Catholic church. Its healthy and at the same time sheltered and 
 picturesque situation has made it one of the most frequented 
 summer-resorts in the Vosges. 
 
 The wooded ^Environs of Hohwald afford many pleasant excursions, 
 which [are greatly facilitated by numerous way -posts. To Bellevue 
 (1 hr.): we turn to the right at the tirst saw-mill below the hotel, 
 cross the bridge, and skirt the wood for about '/a BI., until we reach 
 the beginning (on the leftj of a narrow, partly grass-grown path, which 
 afterwards widens and winds gradually round the mountain, chiefly 
 through wood, and keeping at nearly the same elevation. At the exit 
 from the wood we obtain a fine view of the valley of the Breitenbach, 
 and '/4 M. farther of the Weilerthal. Thence to the (li/* hr.) i'ngers- 
 berg (2'J85 ft.J, with view-tower (extensive 'View). — To the Neunten- 
 stein (there in l'/4 hr., back in ^/4 hr.), a line point of view, a good 
 path ascends from the garden of the Hotel Kuntz (numerous finger-posts); 
 another path leads from the forester's house of Welschbruch (2 M. ; 
 see above). Inn at the former forester's house of Rothlucli. — At the 
 entrance to the wood, about ^/^ M. above the hotel, on the right side of 
 the road, is a guidepost, indicating the way to the liathsamhauserstein 
 (344U ft.; there in I'/a hr., back 1 hr. ; view over the upper Breuschthal), 
 the Cascade du Hohwald (1/2 hr.), and the Champ-du-Feu. — The Pelaye
 
 Vosges. WEILER. 44. Route. 297 
 
 (3110 ft.), another favourite point, is reached by the road below the 
 hotel, leading to the W. across the bridge; it affords a picturesque 
 view of the Weilerthal, into which we may descend via Breitenbach. 
 
 The Hochfeld, French Champ-du-Feu (3590 ft.), is ascended from Hoh- 
 wald in IV2-- hrs. (guide unnecessary ; finger-posts, see above). Fine view. 
 The path we follow in returning skirts the trench dug across the ridge, 
 and in about 25 min. leads to the dairy-farm of KdlberhUtte (the Pelage 
 is Vu M. to the right, the new dairy lies on the left), whence Hohwald is 
 reached in 2 hrs. 
 
 From Hohwald to Weiler, 2V2 hours. Follow the above-described 
 route to Bellevue. then descend to Breitenbach (Lowe) and thence pro- 
 ceed by the road to (.4V2 M.) Weiler. 
 
 Weiler, French Villi (Stadt Nanzig ; Alte Posl, both good), with 
 1000 inhab., is the chief place in the valley which diverges from the 
 Leberthal at Weilerthal. Steam tramway (in 35 min.) from Weiler by 
 Trienbach, Si. MoriU, (3V2 M.) Thanweiler, with a chateau belonging to 
 the Vicomte de Castex, built in 1518-40 and restored last century, to 
 (6V4 M.) the railway-station Weilerthal (see below). 
 
 II. Thb Upper, or High Vosgbs Mts. 
 FoCR Days suffice for a glance at the Upper Vosges Mts. : By railway 
 in the afternoon from Strassburg to Weilerthal (see below) , and thence in 
 the evening to the summit of the Eohen-Konigsburg^ 2V4 hrs. — 1st day. 
 To Rappoltsiceiler 3 hrs., Kai/sersberg 2 hrs., Orbey 2^/ihvs., in all T'A hrs, 
 — 2nd Day. Weisse See 2 hrs., Reisberg 3/4 hr., Daarensee 1 hr., Scfilucht 
 IV4 hr., in all 5-6 hr.'?. — 3rd Day. Miinster 3 hrs., explore environs (Schloss- 
 waUl) 272 hrs., on foot or by omnibus to J/e<^e/*ai 11/4 hr. — 4th Day. Over 
 the Herrenberg to Wildenstein in 43/4 hrs., Wesserling 2 hrs., in all ^h hrs. 
 
 a. From Schlettstadt to Markirch. Holien-Konigsburg. Rappolts- 
 weiler. 
 
 13 M. Railway in I hr. ; fares i M S), I Ji 2L\ 75 pt. 
 
 Schlettstadt, see p. '283. — The line ascends the Leberthal, a 
 picturesque, industrial valley enclosed by wooded hills. 
 
 3 M. Kestenholz, French Chatenois i^Etablissement Badbronn, 
 with 120 rooms, very comfortably fitted up, board 20 J^ per week, 
 ■R. & S. extra), a place with 3200 inhab., situated at the beginning 
 of the narrower part of the valley. It lies at the foot of the Hahnen- 
 berg, on which rise two warm mineral springs (^61" Fahr. ; new 
 Hotel). To the N. are the Scherweiler Schlosser (p. 292). — To 
 Hohen-Kunigsburg, see p. 299. 
 
 A road leads to the S. from Kestenholz to (1 M.) Kinzheim, an ancient 
 village, commanded by a castle of the same name, a ruin since the Thirty 
 Years' War. The Hohen-Kdnigsburg may be ascended hence in 2 hours. 
 
 33/4 M. Weilerthal, F'rench Val-de-Villey lies at the entrance of 
 the valley ascending to the right to Weiler [see above). Above it 
 to the right, on the hill where the two valleys unite, rises the 
 ruin of Frankenburg, with its massive, round tower, built in the 
 12th cent., and burned down in 1582. — From Weilerthal to the 
 Hohen-Konigsburg, see p. 298. Steam - tramway to Weiler^ see 
 above. 
 
 The line continues to follow the Leberthal. — 0^/2 M. Wanzell, 
 whence there is a footpath to the (2^2 l^rs.) Hohen-Konigsburg. 
 8'Y4 M. Leberau, French Liepvre (Grand Cerf ; La F'leur), opposite
 
 298 Route 44. MARKlRCn. The Upper 
 
 the entrance to the Rumbachthal, a vallciy of imposing beauty, still 
 little frequented by tourists ; the principal place in it is Deutsch- 
 liumbach, with a French-speaking population. 11 V4 M. St. Kreutz, 
 French Ste. Croix-aux- Mines. 
 
 13 M, Markirch, French Ste. Mar ie-aux- Mines {Grand Hotels 
 of the first class ; Hotel du Commerce ; Lutterbach, near the sta- 
 tion ; Brasserie de L' Action, Brasserie Gruber, with gardens), the 
 capital of the valley, with 11,900 inhab., has considerable wool 
 and cotton-factories. The once productive silver-mines have been 
 long exhausted. The boundary between the French and German 
 languages formerly passed exactly through the middle of the town, 
 the right bank of the Leber or Liepvrette being German, the left 
 French, but it is now less strongly dehned. The German-speaking 
 portion embraced the Reformation and was subject to the Counts of 
 Rappoltstein, while the French inhabitants were Roman Catholic 
 and under the sway of the Dukes of Lorraine. 
 
 A pleasant Walk may he taken by the St. Die road (the bends 
 may bo avoided by short-cuts) to (3 31.) the frontier (Inn, with good red 
 .wine), and then to the right along the frontier to {'^Is 31.) the Pavilion 
 of the Chdleau de Faite, situated exactly upon the boundary-line, which 
 commands a fine view of the valley of the Meurthe, and of 8t. Die and 
 its environs. — The limestone-quarries of (i'/z M.) /S<. Philip^ in the gneiss 
 rock, are interesting. 
 
 Fkom 3IARKIKCII TO Rappoltswkilek, 111/4 M., there is a good road 
 leading across the hill. The old road, diverging to the left from the 
 new, V'-i M. from Markirch, effects a considerable saving. It first passes 
 8<inic cherry-trees and then leads generally through a dale, rejoining the 
 new road in about V'2 hour. Fine retrospect of Markirch. The summit of 
 the hill (1670 ft.) is about halfway. The road then descends into the valley 
 of the Strengbach. and leads through wood nearly the whole way to llap- 
 poltsvi^eilcr. About I'/'i M. from the summit, and 3V2 M. from Rappolts- 
 weiler, a new road begins to ascend to the riglit (S.), leading to (3 M.) 
 AUweier, Fr. Aubyre (Hotel du Rressoir), which is also connected with Mar- 
 kirch by a direct road. The tower of the picturesque ruin oi' B lis (ein (1 hr. 
 from Altweier) next comes in sight on a hill to the right; while to the 
 left are the three castles of Rappoltsweiler, easily reached in 3/4-I hr. by a 
 good path through the Dusenbachthal, the entrance of which is about 1 M. 
 on this side of Rappoltsweiler (comp. p. 300). 
 
 The Ascent of the Bressoik, which may be accomplished from 
 Markirch in about 3 hrs., is a very pleasant excursion. We follow the 
 road ascending the Lebcrthal to (V2 hr.) Eckivch or Eschery (1405 ft.), to 
 the left of which a brook, rising on the Bressoir and flowing through the 
 Rauenthal^ joins the Leber. From this point a path, at first steep and 
 afterwards triiversing wood, ascends the spur which divides the Rauen- 
 thal from the Leberthal to the farm-house of (I'/z hr.) Haycot or Blutteberg 
 (refreshments), whence the summit is reached in about 2/4 hr. — [We may 
 also make the ascent from Eckirch, either by ascending the Rauenthal, 
 or by keeping to the carriage-road up the Leberthal as far as a small inn 
 ('Les Bagenelles') upon a height, where we turn to the E., towards the 
 farm of llaycot.j — The Bressoir, Brizouard, or BrUschbilckel (4030 ft.), 
 commands a most extensive view over hill and plain, including the Alps 
 in clear weather. It may also be ascended from Uvbach or Friland (p. 802), 
 or from Altweier (see above) in 2-2V2 hrs. 
 
 From Weilerthal (p. '297) a road ascends in windings through 
 wood to the (8 M.) lloHEN-KuNiosnuRG. About Y2 hr. below the
 
 Vosges. HOEEN-KONIGSBURG. 44. Route. 299 
 
 top, on which are the ruins of an ancient castle, is the new Hohen- 
 Kljnigshurg Hotel (p . incl. wine 3.//), commanding a heautiful view 
 of the valley of the Rhine and the slopes of the Vosges. 
 
 Pedestrians follow the road skirting the liill, to the left of the railway 
 (passing the ruin of Fraukenburg, p. 297, on the hill where the Leberthal 
 and Weilerthal divide), as far as the (Vi M.) third road diverging to the 
 left, where a stone indicates the route to the Hohen-Konigsburg and Wick 
 (forester's house). About 3/^ Ji. farther another stone indicates the way 
 to the right. The road traverses fine woods at the base of the Hohcn- 
 Konigsburg. After 2 M. more a path diverges to the left (finger-post), which 
 ascends in 1 hr. (the last 20 min. again on the road) to the hotel. 
 
 Other very pleasant routes, also partlv indicated by direction-posts, 
 ascend from Leberau (p. 297) and St. Pi'lt (p. 283; IV2 hr.). A fourth 
 path, constructed by the Vosges Club, and also provided with finger-posts, 
 leads from Kestenholz (p. 297) to the top in IV2 hr.; or via Kinzheim in 2 hrs. 
 
 The path to the right by the huge S.W. tower leads to the prin- 
 cipal entrance of the castle. 
 
 The *Holien-K6mgshurg (2475 ft.) is, after Girbaden (p.294), 
 the largest ca.stle in Alsace. Its huge walls of sandstone, towering 
 above the dark -green chestnut wood, are strikingly picturesque. 
 The ruins are still in tolerable preservation. The W, portion served 
 for purposes of defence, while the dwelling-rooms were in the E. 
 part. The principal entrance leads to a Court-yard , from which we 
 pass through the Lowen- Thor (commemorating the dukes of the 
 house of Hohenstaufen, p. 302) to the Inner Quadrangle. The im- 
 posing main building here (15th cent.) consists of four stories, the 
 lowest of which was the kitchen , the others the dwelling - rooms. 
 The platform of the E. tower commands a most extensive *View. 
 
 Nothing certain is known of the origin of the castle, but it has ob- 
 viously been the work of several centuries. As early as 1462 the castle 
 was partly destroyed by the Bishop of Strassburg and the Archduke 
 Sigismund of Austria on account of depredations committed by its pro- 
 prietor. It was subsequently restored, but was bombarded and burned by 
 the Swedes in 1633. 
 
 From the Hohen-Konigsburg a path not easily mistaken leads to 
 the S.W,, passing a forester's house (20 min.) to the right, which 
 has been already visible from above, to (1 hr.) Thannenkirch (Hotel 
 Tiinnchel, well spoken of; Lirot), a scattered village, lying at the 
 foot of the Tdnnchel (2955 ft. ; with a 'Heidenmauer' like that on the 
 Odilienberg, curious rock formations, and a fine view). Ilappolts- 
 weiler may be reached hence in 1^/^ hr., either directly by a new 
 path or by another new path across the hill, past the three castles 
 of Rappoltsweiler (numerous finger-posts). 
 
 Eappoltsweiler (locally called Rapperschwier'), French Riheau- 
 ville {Zum Lamm; Hotel de Nancy, both very fair), an old cotton- 
 manufacturing town, with 5600 inhab., 3 M. from the station 
 (p. 28'j), with which it is connected by a steam-tramway, lies at 
 the entrance of a short but beautiful valley, watered by tlie Streng- 
 bach, and bounded by productive vineyards (p. 283). On the rocks
 
 300 Route 44. RAPPOLTSWEILER. The Upper 
 
 above, to the right, rise the 'Three Castles' of the Counts of Rappolt- 
 stein, a family often mentioned in the mediaeval history of Alsace. 
 The Count of Rappoltstein was the 'king' of all the musicians and 
 minstrels of the Upper Rhine, v/ho recognised him as the head of their 
 brotherhood and paid him a yearly tax, while he in return extended to 
 them the benefit of his protection. Every year on 8th Sept. (which is 
 still the date of a local feast), these wanderers assembled at Rappolts- 
 weilcr (afterwards at Bischweiler) to celebrate a joyous festival, called 
 the 'Pfeifertag', and to settle all their disputes. On the death of the 
 last Count of Rappoltstein in 1673, this singular jurisdiction, along with 
 the title of 'king of the pipers', was conferred on the Counts- Palatine o/ 
 Jiirkenfeld (afterwards Zweibriicken-bivkenfeld), who were in the service 
 of France, and was retained by them until they were deprived of it by 
 the French Revolution. Max Jo.seph, Duke of Pfalz-Zweibriicken, a colo- 
 nel in the French service (1777J, and afterwards King of Bavaria (d. 1825), 
 resided in the chateau (now a school) down to 17S2. 
 
 The ancient town-walls of the the 14-lGth cent, are still partly 
 extant. A long street, containing many line old houses of the 15th 
 and 16th centuries, intersects tlie town from E. to W. The Metzger- 
 thurm, in the market-place, is a remnant of the inner fortifications, 
 which once separated the four adjacent parishes, now forming the 
 town of Rappoltsweiler. Handsome fountain of 1536; farther up a 
 modern one, with a figure representing Alsatia, by Friedrich. The 
 Gotliic Parish Church was completed in 1473. Philip Jacob Spener, 
 the eminent theologian (1635-1705), was a native of Rappoltsweiler. 
 — About Y3 M. from the town is the Carola-Bad, with restaurant 
 and swimming-bath. 
 
 In order to visit the three castles we pass to the right of the 
 upper church, follow to the left (linger-post) tlic new walk in the 
 LiitzeLbachthal, crossing the stream, and then ascend to the right 
 through the coppice. In ^4 hr. we cross a footpath leading from 
 the forester's house of LiXtzeibach to Girsberg, and soon after the 
 plain of the Rhine is disclosed to view. About 1/2 ^r- ^"cova the 
 church we turn sharply to the left (to the right a new path) and 
 reach in 5 min. more the ruin of Girsberg (13th cent.), perched 
 boldly on a precipitous cliff. A tine path leads hence to (1/4 hr.) the 
 *St. Ulrichs-Burg, the most modern of the three castles, erected about 
 the middle of the 15th cent., and abandoned since the Thirty Years' 
 War. It is remarkable for its artistic architecture (Transition style), 
 best exhibited in the spacious 'Rittcrsaal', witli its beautiful double 
 windows, surrounded by niches. A flnger-post at the entrance to the 
 .St. Ulrichs-liurg indicates the way to (-74 hr.) Hohen-Rappoltstein, 
 with its lofty tower, constructed in the 14th cent, on the site of an 
 earlier building, and affording a good view. — From Hohen-Rappolt- 
 stein to Thannenkirch , about lY4hr., see p. 299. — The best 
 route for returning to Rappoltsweiler is through the Dusenbachthal 
 (tinger-post), past the ruins of the chapel of that name (end of 15th 
 cent.), formerly much frequented by pilgrims, to the (40 min.) 
 Markirch road (p. 298), and by it to (1 M.) Rappoltsweiler. 
 
 Fkom Rai'I'oi.tsweilkk to Kayskksbekg (G ai.). The road leads 
 through vineyards on the hillside to (I'/^M.) //«waweier(Rebstock, Traube),
 
 Vosges. AMMERSCHWEIER. 44. Route. 301 
 
 containing a church of the 15th cent., surrounded hy a wall and hastions. 
 To the E. we observe the ancient Zellenberg, a villacre and castle, also 
 surriiunded with a wall. Abont I'/a M. beyond Hunaweier we reach — 
 
 Reichen-weier (Hirsch, good wine), a small and ancient town with 1700 
 inhab., containing several good specimens of mediaeval architecture, and 
 surrounded by vineyards yielding excellent wine. Its walls and gates are 
 among the finest works of the kind in Alsace, particularly the Obertlior, 
 <m the W. side of the town, with its double gateway. Kear the Oberthor 
 is a fine Fountain, of the 17th century. The old Chateau of the Counts 
 of Wurtemberg-]*Tompelgart, to whom the town was subject, is now a 
 school. The town contains a number of handsome private dwelling-houses, 
 built in the 16th and 17th centuries in the Gothic and Renaissance styles. 
 
 From Reichenweier to Kaysersberg (see' below), 3 M. 
 
 From Rappoltsweiler to Kaysersberg vid Bilstein, see p. 302. 
 
 b. The Weissthal. The Weisse and Schwarze See. Reisherg. 
 
 Steam Tkamwat from Colmar to Schnierlacli via Kaij.^ersberg, I21/2M., in 
 II, 2 hr. (fares 1 Jf 30, 90 pf.). Those who desire to visit the lakes leave 
 the tramway ot Hachimette and walk to Urbeis in 1/2 hr. From Urbeis 
 footpath to the Weisse See (2 hrs.), and thence to the Schlvcht (8V2 hrs.). 
 
 The Vosges differ from most other mountainous regions in the facili- 
 ties which they afford for long walks along the crest of the hills without 
 fatiguing descents into intervening valleys. Such, for example, are the 
 walks from the Weisse See to the Schlncht, from the Schlucbt to the 
 IJoheneck, and from the Hfiheneck to the Rheinkopf (or to the Kahle Tfasen, 
 p. 306) : nd to the Gebweiler Belchen (p. 309). 
 
 Colmar^ p. QBS. The tramway starts from the principal railway 
 station. 2 M. Logelbach (p, 304). Immediately after crossing the 
 Fecht we reach (3 M.") Ingersheim. 
 
 5M. AmmeTSchweier (ZweiSchliissel), an old town with 1800 in- 
 hab., and a number of interesting buildings, among which may 
 be named the late-Gothic parish -church, the Gothic Kavifhaus 
 ri538), the Renaissance Rathhaus (15521, and a fountain of tlie 
 16th century. There are also several handsome dwelling-houses of 
 similar dates; and the walls and towers, of the 16th cent.,' parti- 
 cularly the Schelmenthurm of 1535, merit attention. 
 
 From Ammcrschweier to the 'Drei Aehren' fp. 304), 2 hrs. 
 
 The tramway next crosses the Weiss, a tributary of the Fecht. 
 51/2 Sigolsheim. The village, which lies V2 ^- to the E., possesses 
 a fine late-Romanesque church, with interesting sculptures on the 
 portal; the tower over the cross is late-Gothic Near Sigolsheim is 
 the so-called 'Red Field', where the degenerate sons of Louis the 
 Pious took their father prisoner in 833, after they had seduced his 
 army from its allegiance. In consequence of this event the spot is 
 sometimes termed the 'Liigenfeld' (i.e. field of lies). 
 
 6 M. Kienzheim is one of 'three towns in one valley' (the 
 other two being Kaysersberg and Ammerschweier), mentioned in a 
 verse quoted by Merian (1663) as characteristic of Alsace along with 
 'three castles on one hill, and three churches in one churchyard'. 
 
 7 M. Kaysersberg {""Krone, R. IV2, I>. with wine 21/2^ S. 2 Jf; 
 Gibeciere ;* Buffet), an'"old town with 2700 inhab. and several cotton- 
 factories, lies at the point \\hcre the picturesque Weissthal contracts
 
 302 Route 44. KAYSERSHERG. The Upper 
 
 and is commanded by the ruins of the ancient Kaiserhury, tlie resi- 
 dence of the imperial Landvogt of Alsace during the 13th and 14th 
 centuries, which was destroyed during the Thirty Years' War (view 
 from tlie platform). The town was founded by Emp. Frederick II. 
 of the Hohenstaufen family , who were Dukes of Swabia and Al- 
 sace and were solicitous for the welfare of their land. The famous 
 preacher John Geiler (p. 273) was brought up here. The ancient 
 walls , the numerous quaint houses of the 15th and 16th cen- 
 turies , and the old fountains (with inscriptions) combine to give 
 the town a particularly pleasing air of antiqiiity. The handsome 
 Town Hall, in the Renaissance style, dates from 1604. The spacious 
 Church, originally constructed in the 12th cent., but subsequently 
 altered, possesses a fine Romanesque portal, and contains a Lamen- 
 tation for Christ in stone, of the 15th cent., and a winged *Altar- 
 piece of the beginning of the 16th century. The Sommerhaus 
 (l/4hr.), on a hill on the opposite bank of the Weiss, commands an 
 admirable view of the plain ; the Wetterkreuz, somewhat higher up, 
 is another good point of view. 
 
 FiJOM Katseksbekg to Rappoltsweiler (10 M.), a path (different 
 from that described at p. 301), constructed by the Vosges Club, diverges 
 from the path to the castle a few yards to the W. of the Kaiserburg, 
 and ascends through vineyards to the right to (IV4 hr.) the Ilo/ie Schwerz, 
 on which is a pavilion commanding an extensive view. At first descend- 
 ing from this point, we afterwards ascend through the Reichenweierer 
 TTw/tZ, and then follow an almost level path to the Brudersmatt, where a 
 guide-post indicates the route to the (li|4 hr.) ruined castle of Bihtein 
 (comp. p. 298). Refreshments in the adjacent forester's house of Bdren- 
 hUtle. Hence to Rappoltsweiler, 31/2 M. (p. 298). 
 
 From Kaysersberg to Drei Aehren (p. 304), a path made by the Vosges 
 Club leads in 2 hrs. 
 
 The road crosses the Weiss by an ancient bridge at Kaysersberg, 
 and ascends on the riglit bank. 8^2 M. Alspach, formerly a Clarissine 
 Nunnery, now a factory. About 21/2 M. from Kaysersberg (tramway- 
 station) the road to Vrbach or Freland (*Inn), which is visible above 
 us, turns to the right across the Weiss (ascent of the Bressoir, see 
 p. 298 ; from Urbach path made by the Vosges Club). 
 
 12 M. Eschelmer, French Hachimette, just within. the bounds of 
 the French-speaking district, which embraces the country on the 
 E. slope of the mountains, watered by the Weiss and its tributary 
 streams. Crossing the stream, we pass, 1/4 M- farther on, on the left, 
 the road (indicated by a finger-post) leading to Orbey or Urbeis (see 
 below), and next reach — 
 
 I2V2 M. Schnierlach, French La Poutroye (Zur Post), the tram- 
 way-terminus and the capital of the upper part of the Weissthal, 
 which is also called the Schnierlachthal, situated on the Bechine, a 
 tributary of the Weiss, and possessing considerable cotton-factories. 
 •On the neighbouring Grand Faude is a view -tower. — The road 
 proceeds to (3 M.) Le Bonhomme, Ger. Dledolshausen (*Il6tel des 
 Lacs ; *Cheval Blanc), whence an easy route leads to the WeisseSee 
 (p. 303). It then ascends circuitously to the Col du Bonhomme
 
 Vosges. 
 
 ORBEY. 44. Route. 303 
 
 (3120 ft.), its highest point, and the boundary of Alsace. Thence to 
 St. Die, 16 M. 
 
 From Hachimbtte (see above) we proceed towards the S.W., 
 up the left bank of the Weiss for 21/4 M., to Orbey or Vrbeis (*Cor' 
 nelius), a scattered mountain - viUage, with various industries, and 
 a new church conspicuous far and wide. 
 
 From Orbev to the Duei Aehren (p. 304) in 2V2-3 hrs. : footpath to 
 (41/4 M.) La Chapelle, and thence either by footpath or by the carnage- 
 road via (4 51.) La Baroche, Ger. Zell (Krcuz, by the church). 
 
 Most travellers pay a visit from Orbey to the two mountain-lakes, 
 the "Weisse See and the Schwarzc See , which lie two hours' walk 
 to the W. of it, and nearly on the summit of the granite ridge sep- 
 arating Alsace from Lorraine. The road to the Schwarze See 
 (11/2 lir.; at first suitable for carriages) passes the old Cistercian 
 abbey of Paris, the extant portions of which have been converted 
 into an hospital. From the Schwarze See to the Weisse See, footpath in 
 I hr. — The road from Orbey to the Weisse See is preferable (shade- 
 less but affording fine views ; guide to the Schlucht 4 J^, unnecessary 
 in clear weather). It turns to the right in the village; at a point about 
 74 M. beyond the *Neue Hammerschmiede' or 'Nouveau Martinet', 
 where the path divides, we ascend to the left, passing several farm- 
 houses. We may cut off the last wide bend of the road by ascending 
 direct to the left about l'/2 't- after leaving Orbey. 
 
 The Weisse See , or Lac Blanc (3450 ft. ; *Hdtel des Lacs, 
 moderate), which derives its name from the quartz at the bottom, 
 is about 3 M. in circumference; it is bounded on two sides by 
 lofty precipices , and on a third by huge masses of granite piled 
 together. The Schwarze See, or Lac Noir (3115 ft.), about half the 
 size of the other, lies only 3/4 M. to the S., but the two lakes are 
 separated by a huge wall of granite, which it takes a full hour to 
 cross. The discharge of the two lakes forms the Weiss. 
 
 On the W. side of the lakes rises the Keisberg (3310 ft.), the 
 northernmost and highest eminence of the range called Les Hautes 
 Chaumes, which extends to the Schlucht (about 9 M. ; p. 306). The 
 summit, along which runs the boundary of Alsace, may be attained 
 from the Hotel des Lacs in 3/^ hr, by a new footpath. The view 
 extends over the Vosges, a great part of Lorraine, the Black Forest, 
 and the entire plain of the Rhine. The path (numerous guide- 
 posts) keeps on the German side of the boundary. About 3/4 hr. 
 after leaving the hotel we get a view of the Schwarze See lying 
 below us, and about Y2 M. farther a survey is obtained to the S. of 
 the Miinsterthal, with the Swiss Alps in the distance. Those who 
 wish to proceed direct to the Miinsterthal descend here, turning 
 slightly to the left (via Les Hautes Huttes ; to Sulzern 2 hrs.). 
 
 After ^/^ hr. we reach a low wood of beech and pine , and 
 about 50 paces to the left, obtain a view of the Daaren-See, or 
 Lac Vert, a small mountain -lake like those mentioned above, but 
 more picturesque, being enclosed by pines, and bounded on three
 
 304 Koule 44. MUNSTERTHAL. The Upper 
 
 sides by precipitous rocky banks. We follow the crest of the liill 
 for 11/2 ^r. more to the Schlucht; see p. 306. Fine view of the 
 Schlucht from the Kruppenfels (to the left, Y4 hr. before reaching 
 the Schlucht). 
 
 c. From Colmar to Miinster. The Schlucht. Metzeral. 
 
 12 M. Railway to Munster iu 3/^ hr. ; fares 1 Ulf GO. 1 Jl iO, G5 i>f. 
 To the W. of Colmar (p. 283) opens the fertile *Mun8terthal, 
 formerly called the St. Gregorienthal , watered by the Fecht, one of 
 the most beautiful and frequented valleys of the Vosges. Its in- 
 habitants , most of whom are Protestants , are very industrious, 
 carrying on manufactures of various kinds in the valley itself , and 
 cattle-farming on the neighbouring hills. The 'Miinster cheese' 
 resembles the highly-esteemed Camembert. 
 
 The line skirts the Logelbach, an old canal, conducted from the 
 Fecht at Turkheim , on which numerous cotton - manufactories 
 are situated. 2 M. Logelbach, with a small modern-Gothic church. 
 In the plain between Colmar and Turkheim , on 5th Jan., 1675, 
 Turenne surprised and signally defeated the German imperial 
 army, which had gone into winter-quarters here. This decisive 
 engagement drove the Germans across the Rhine and effectually 
 expelled them from Alsace. 
 
 S^/4'M..'£viT'k'heim(*H6telAubert, at the station; good wine at the 
 Sauvage and the Petit Turenne), an old town still almost entirely 
 surrounded by walls and towers. One of the best wines of Alsace 
 is yielded by the neighbouring vineyards. 
 
 From Turkheim to the Dkei Aeheen. We may either follow the road 
 to the W. (572 M., carriage from Colmar 10 Jf; short-cuts for walkers, 
 11/4 hr.), which leads in long windings through beautiful pine -wood, or 
 that to the N., via Nieder-Morschweier. Drei Aehren, French Noire Dame 
 des Trois Epis, German Unsere Liebe Fran zii den drei Aehren (1910 ft. above 
 sea-level; H6tel des Trois Rois, D. 2^/2 Jl, Hdtel des Trois Epis, both good; 
 Notre Dame, unpretending) is a village and resort of pilgrims, on the hill to 
 the W. of Turkheim. [The pedestrian may avoid the windings of the road 
 by attending to the following directions: at the 3rd path, 1V4M. from Tiirk- 
 h'eim, ascend to the right; after regaining the road, follow it for 1/4 M., then 
 take a footpath to the left, joining the road once more; follow it for an- 
 other V4 M., then again diverge to the right; by this route the village is 
 reached in 1 hr. from Turkheim. ] Its picturesque situation and salubrious 
 air have rendered this spot a favourite summer-resort. The village consists 
 of an unpretending Gothic church, containing a number of votive tablets, 
 with a few houses adjacent. The *View embraces the lower Miinsterthal 
 towards the S., the E. slopes of the Vosges, the plain of the Rhine as far as 
 the Black Forest, and the distant Alps to the S. If the last are very distinct, 
 rain may generally be expected. — A more extensive view, especially towards 
 theN., is gained from the Galz (2400 ft.), a rocky height to the If. E., which 
 may be ascended in Vzlir. — The Grosse Hohnack (3215 ft.), li/2hr. to the 
 S.W. of Drei Aehren, also commands a pleasing view, with the Jliinstcr- 
 thal in the foreground, and opposite, on the N., the Kleine Hohnack (3015 ft.), 
 crowned with the ruins of a castle restored in the 13th cent, and de- 
 stroyed in 1655. From Drei Aehren to the lakes (p. 303), passing be- 
 tween the two Hohnacks, 41/2 hrs. ; by Eohrodberg to Miinster (see below) 
 3>/2 hra. t to Ammerschweier IV2 hr., to Orbey 2V2 hrs. 
 
 On the other side of the valley, 1 M. to the S.E. of stat. Turkheim
 
 Vosges. MUNSTER. 44, Route. 305 
 
 and 3 M. from Colrnar (steam-tramway in ^/ihr., 40, 25 pf.) , lies the 
 village of Winzenheim (Stcrdi ; Meyer, well spoken of), from which a visit 
 may be paid to the ruins of Hohenlandsberg and Plixbnrg. A footpath, not 
 to be mistaken, issuing from the W. end of the village, ascends in 1 hr. 
 to the ruin of Hohenlandsberg (2055 ft.), consisting of little more than the 
 outer walls of an extensive castle, which was destroyed by the French in 
 1635. Fine view. In returning we may either proceed by the Plixburg 
 (also called Nixburg by the natives), or by a direct and easy path to 
 Stat. Walbach (see below), or, taking the direction indicated by the finger- 
 post on the S. slope of the Hohenlandsberg, pass almost entirely through 
 wood to (3 M.) the ruin of Drei-Exen , and thence by (IV2 M.j Marbach 
 to (2V2 M.) the station oi Herlisheim (p. 285). In clear weather the Swiss 
 Alps are visible from Drei-Exen. 
 
 61/4 M. Walbach. —8 M. Weier im Thai (Nouvelle Auberge, 
 at the station) , about 1 M. to the S. of which is a small bath- 
 establishment near the ancient little town of Suhbach. (From Sulz- 
 bach a pleasant walk may be taken over the mountains to Sulzmatt. 
 3 hrs. , see p. 285; another by Wasserburg to the Kahle Wasen, 
 p. 306, also 3 hrs.) The village of "Weier im Thai, with a con- 
 spicuous new church, lies 1 M. to the N. of the station, and is com- 
 manded by the pilgrimage-chapel of Heiligkreuz. — 10 M. Guns- 
 bach , with a large cotton-factory , at the foot of the Schlosswald 
 (see below). The train then crosses the Fecht to — 
 
 12 M. Munster (^Munster Hotel, at the station, R. 2, B. 1, D. 
 incl. wine l^l-yj/: Starch), a manufacturing town with 5700 inhab., 
 situated at the base of the Monchsberg , at the union of the Kleinthnl 
 with the Grossthal, the latter of which is watered by the Fecht. The 
 place owes its origin to a Benedictine abbey founded here by King 
 Childeric about 660, the buildings of which, however, have dis- 
 appeared with the exception of a single tower. In the middle ages 
 Miinster was a free town of the German Empire. Numerous modern 
 buildings, among which the handsome new Romanesque church is 
 conspicuous, testify to the present prosperity of the town. 
 
 A pleasant excursion may be made from Miinster to the Schloss- 
 wald, l'/4 M. to the E. (there and back including stay 2-2V2 hrs.), an 
 eminence laid out in pleasure-grounds, and crowned by the ruin of <ScAu7ar- 
 zenburg. It is the property of the Hartmann family, and generally open 
 to the public. *View. 
 
 From Miinster to the Kahle Wasen^ see p. 306. 
 
 The Road from Munster through the Schlucht to Gerard- 
 MBR (11 M. ; omnibus 2 Jl 80 pf . ; one-horse carr., there and 
 back, 12 Jjr), ascends the Kleinthal towards the W. At (2^l.~) Stoss- 
 weier (Schlucht Inn) it turns towards the N. to (1V4M-) Sulzem, 
 and ascends the hill in a long curve. At the N. angle of this bend 
 is a group of houses belonging to the parish of Sulzern, and named 
 Insel. (Thence to Orbey, 9 M., p. 303; to the Daaren-See, 6 M., 
 p. 303; comp. Map.) The road continues to ascend through fine 
 wood. As we approach the head of the pass the scenery becomes 
 grander. The whole of the upper part of the road is cut through 
 the granite rocks, and a few hundred paces below the summit it 
 passes through a tunnel. 
 
 Baedeker's Rhine. 12th Edit. 20
 
 306 Route 44. SCHLUCHT. The Upper 
 
 Pedestrians beyond Stossweier (see above) cross the streara, 
 follow its left bank to Ampfershach, and then ascend by the new path 
 of the Vosges Club , which regains the road about 1 M. below the 
 Schlucht. — (The Schlucht may also be reached via the Hoheneck 
 in 4-5 hrs. ; comp. the Map.) 
 
 The *Schlucht, French Col de la Schlucht (3735 ft.) , a pictur- 
 esque mountain-pass, surrounded by precipitous rocks and beau- 
 tiful pine-forest, lies between the Montahec (4115 ft.) on the N. 
 and the Altenberg (4125 ft.) on the S., two heights of the Central 
 Vosges Mts., which, before the construction of the road, were cross- 
 ed by a footpath only. The summit of the pass forms the boundary 
 between Germany and France. On the French side is a large 
 new hotel (D. with wine 31/2 ^r.), on the German side a small inn. 
 
 The -'Hoheneck (4465 ft.) affords a beautiful and extensive view. The 
 route from the Schlucht to the (1 hr.) summit cannot be mistaken, if we 
 i'ollow the finger-posts and boundary-stones. We turn to the left and be- 
 t;in the ascent at the back of the stable of the inn. The view (mountain- 
 indicator) extends far beyond the Vosges Mts., embracing the plain of the 
 Rhine as far as the Black Forest, the Jura and the Alps towards the S. , and the 
 French Department of the Vosges towards the W. In the foreground towards 
 the E. is the beautiful Miinsterthal, towards the W. the valley of G^rardmer 
 with the Retournemer and Longemer lakes. The Hoheneck is also of great 
 interest to the botanist. On the summit stand the boundary-stone No. 2858, 
 and a finger-post pointing to the Schlucht on the N.W. and the Fischbodle on 
 the E. Proceeding in the latter direction we reach by a path past Schie^rofh- 
 ried, where a pond has recently been dammed in. the (IV2 tr.) Fischbodle^ a 
 small lake, well stocked with trout, surrounded by wild rocks, probably 
 the moraine of an ancient glacier once occupying the Wolmsathal. From 
 the Fischbodle to Metzeral IV2 hr. (a beautiful walk, seen to greatest ad- 
 vantage in ascending). 
 
 The road from Miinster into the Grossthal (to Metzeral, 
 3'^/4M., omnibus twice daily) ascends towards the S.W. and passes 
 Luttenhach (ascent of the Kahle Wasen , see below) , Breitenhach, 
 and Miihlbach , three pretty and pleasantly-situated villages , with 
 cotton-factories. The inhabitants of the Grossthal, most of whom are 
 Protestants, retain several old peculiarities of manner and costume. 
 
 From LuTTENBAcn a carriage-road, the windings of which may be 
 avoided by the pedestrian , leads through wood to the (6 M.) Melkerkutte 
 (refreshments). A new footpath, constructed by the Vosges Club, ascends 
 in 40 min. from the hut to the top of the Kahle Wasen, or Kleine Belchen 
 (4160 ft.), which commands a view of the Miinsterthal and the Lauchthal. 
 In June the mountain is covered with a carpet of Vosges violets (Viola 
 elegans). The descent is made to Lautenbach (p. 308), by a good path 
 constructed by the Vosges Club, and indicated by red marks on the trees. 
 
 The Kable Wasen may also be ascended from Miinster (p. 305). We 
 pass below the railway-viaduct and follow the road from O/2 M.) Escfi- 
 bach to (41/2 M.) Erschlitt . a village occupied by French-speaking wood- 
 men. In the middle of the village a steep path ascends to the right (finger- 
 posts) and in 10 min. reaches the road from Luttenhach (see above), at a 
 point about 1/2 ^^- below the Melkerhiitte. Fine view of the Miinsterthal 
 before the beginning of the wood. 
 
 Metzeral (^Goldene Sonne, beyond the bridge over the Fecht, 
 unpretending), another small village with several cotton-factories, 
 lies at the union of the two streams which form the Fecht.
 
 Vosges. GEBWEILER. 44. Route. 307 
 
 From Metzeeal to the Gkosse Belchen (p. 309), 6-7hrs. We first follow 
 the road via (V/oU.) Sondernach to (3 M.) the forester's house of Querben. 
 and then ascend by a path to the left to the (1 hr.) crest of the mountains. 
 We now either cross the meadow -land to the chalet of Oherlauchen 
 (refreshments) in the Lauchthal, visiting the new pond and the cascades 
 of the Lauch^ on the way. Or we folluw the ridge towards the W. 
 (right) to a meadow a little to the S. of the bald summit of the Wis sort ox 
 Lauchenkopf, skirt the frontier for some distance, then cross it, and pro- 
 ceed through brushwood, above the Lauchthal, to the (1 hr.) dairy of 
 Sieinlebocf). We descend to the enclosure, but instead of passing through 
 it ascend gradually along the wood and then proceed through wood and 
 over grass, passing several chalets (refreshments at the Mordfeld, IV2 br.), 
 until our route unites with that coming from the Roll (p. 309). Fine 
 view of the Belchen-See. — From Oberlauchen to the forester's house of 
 Xiederlauchenhof (-Inn), 3'4 hr.^ thence to Lautenbach, IV2 hr. 
 
 Feom Metzer.\l to Wildenstein (p. 310), in 4 hrs., a very interesting 
 route. The road turns to the right opposite the inn, and continues to 
 follow the valley of the Fecht. After 1 31. the road to the above-men- 
 tioned Fischbodle diverges to the right across a bridge. At (2 M.) Mittlach 
 the road divides (guide beyond this desirable, 2-2^/2 Ji\ the whole route, 
 however, is provided with finger-posts); we turn to the left before the 
 bridge, and a little farther on cross a bridge to the left bank of the Fecht, 
 and proceed to (3 4 31.) the forester's house of Herrenbevg (refreshments). 
 Immediately beyond this the road is quitted by a wooden pathway, used 
 for the timber-traffic (see p. 296), which ascends in windings through the 
 wood for nearly 2 hours. On the Herrenhevgev Wasen at the top is a large 
 chalet. From here to Wildenstein (guide-post) 1 hr. ; path rugged and 
 often steep. 
 
 The Ascent of the Rothenbachkopf may be agreeably combined with 
 the above excursion by making a digression of I-IV2 hour. From the chalet 
 on the Herrenberger Wasen we follow the road to Wildenstein for V2M., 
 and then ascend to the right, keeping close to the ditch. After a gentle 
 ascent of about 1/2 hr. we attain the summit of a rounded eminence, 
 commanding a view over the St. Amarinthal. From this point we reach 
 the small peak of the Rothenbachkopf (4305 ft.), to theN.. in another 1/4 hour. 
 Extensive View, particularly of the iliinsterthal. We may descend to 
 the dairy of Rolhfinbachhof, whence the Voages Club has constructed a 
 path to Wildenstein (comp. p. .310). 
 
 d. From BoUweiler to Lautenbach. 
 
 8 M. Railway in 3 ^ hr. (fares 1 .^ 20, 75, 50 pf.). 
 
 BoUweiler, see p. 285. The line traverses a fertile district. — 3 M. 
 Obersuh, a town of 4400 inhab., with silk-factories, contains an 
 unpretending but elegant parish-church , chiefly in the Gothic 
 style, with a lofty tower above the cross, begun in 1278, and al- 
 tered in the 14th and 15th centuries. To the left near Gebweiler 
 are several modern houses in the Gothic style. 
 
 41/2 >1. Gebweiler C^Zum Engel, at the station, R. 1 Jl 60pf.; Gol- 
 dene Kanone; beer at the LuxhofJ, the capital of a district, with 
 12,400 inhab., situated at the entrance to the Lauchthal, is an im- 
 portant manufacturing place, the products of which are cotton goods, 
 cloth, sugar, and machinery. The road from the station leads straight 
 to the Neue Kirche, a handsome building in the Renaissance style of 
 the 18th cent. , erected in 1759 by the Prince-Abbots of Murbach, 
 when they transferred their residence to Gebweiler. The main 
 street leads to the right past the late -Gothic Rathhaus to the 
 
 20*
 
 308 Route 44. THANN. The Upper 
 
 *Parish Church (St. Leodegar), a fine example of the Transition style, 
 begun in 1182, and lately restored. It possesses double aisles, a 
 transept, three towers of unequal height, and a fine Romanesque 
 porch occupying the whole breadth of the W. front. The choir is 
 Gothic. The sculptures on the W. central portal merit inspection. 
 One of the best wines of Alsace is produced near Gebweiler. 
 
 A good path, indicated by red marks, ascends from Gebweiler to 
 (31/2 hrs.) the Belchen (p. 309j." 
 
 About i'/z M. to the E. of Gebweiler lie the scanty remains of the 
 old Antonite monastery of Jsenheim, the source of a number of the most im- 
 portant works of art in the Museum of Colmar (see p. 284). 
 
 The railway ascends the pretty Lauchthal, passing the ruin of 
 Hugsiein. S^/o M- Heissenstein ; 7 M. Bilhl. 
 
 About l>/2 M. to the W. of Biihl . in a side-valley watered by the 
 Murhach , is the picturesquely -situated Romanesque Abbey Church of 
 Murbach, surrounded by a few houses. This Benedictine Abbey, founded 
 by Duke Eberhard of Swabia in 727, became one of the most powerful on 
 the Upper Rhine, and possessed extensive domains, in which three towns 
 (including Gebweiler) and thirty villages were situated. It was presided 
 over by an abbot of princely rank, who bore as his device a black grey- 
 hound ('haughty as the Murbach hound' was a mediaeval saying). The 
 church, of which the nave has disappeared, was consecrated in 1139, and 
 ranks, like that of Ma\irsmunster (p. 291), as one of the oldest and finest 
 Romanesque buildings in Alsace. The S. transept contains a handsome 
 Gothic tombstone of the 13th century. The house to the left, about 
 50 paces beyond the archway across the road, with its ground-floor borne 
 by Romanesque columns, is an inn, a boy from which may be engaged as 
 a guide to the summit of the Gebweiler Belchen (1V2-2 Jl). Comp. p. 309. 
 
 The terminus of the railway is (8 M.) Lautenhach (^Weisses 
 Lamm), a large industrial village, with cotton and thread factories. 
 Ill the neighbourhood is the Chapel of St. Gangolf. Opposite, on 
 the right bank of the Lauch, is the village of Lautenhach-Zell. 
 
 e. From Miilhausen to Wesserling. 
 
 201/2 M. Railway in IV2 hr. ; fares 2 J^ 80, 1 ^ 90, 1 Jf 20 pf. 
 
 MiUhausen, see p. 286. This railway connects the main line 
 with the important manufacturing places in the St. Amarinthal, 
 the industrious valley of the Thur, and opens up to visitors an 
 exceedingly picturesque tract of country. — 2 M. Dornach; 4 M. 
 Lutterhach, see p. 285; Q^/o M. Sennheim , Fr. Cernay (Zwei 
 Schliissel) , where a branch - line diverges to Gewenheim and 
 Masmiinster fsee p. 310 1. 
 
 127-2 M- Thann (Kaiser; Zwei Schliissel ; Restaur. Pointet^ witli 
 garden, Munich beer; Cafes Beck and Engel), a town with 7500 in- 
 hab., a large chemical manufactory, and thriving machinery, cotton, 
 and silk-factories, is picturesquely situated at the mouth of the narrow 
 valley of the Thiir, the mountains enclosing which are covered with 
 wood on their upper, and vineyards on their lower slopes. The 
 *Church of St. Theobald^ begun in 1351, the choir of which is first 
 visible in approaching from the station, is a gem of Gothic architec- 
 ture. Its bold and elegant open tower, begun in 1430 and com- 
 pleted in 1516 by Meister Remigius Walch (inscription on the spire
 
 Vosges. WESSERLING. 44. Route. 309 
 
 at the top) , is one of the finest specimens of later Gothic, far sur- 
 passing the tower at Strassburg. The handsome double portal on 
 the W. side also deserves attention. The interior is adorned with 
 carved work of the 16th cent., Gothic stained-glass , and a fine 
 painting , of the school of Martin Schongauer, of Christ amid sev- 
 eral apostles. — The church is seen to advantage from the Engelburg, 
 a castle crowning an eminence on the left bank of the Thur (whifh 
 is crossed by two bridges), and commanding the town and entrance to 
 the valley. (The route to the castle diverges to the right from the 
 main street, opposite the church.) The overthrown tower of the 
 castle, which was destroyed by Turenne in 1674, somewhat re- 
 sembles a huge cask. The district to the E. of the Engelburg 
 yields the ' Rangener wine', which is mentioned by the German 
 historian Miinster as early as 1550. The Staufen. IV2 M. from 
 Thann, is a fine point of view. 
 
 147.2 M. Bitschweiler, ib^/o M. Weiler, two industrious villages, 
 with modern Gothic churches. 
 
 The Grosse Belciiek may be ascended from Weiler. The road 
 ascends the valley of the Rennebach. At the crucifix, IV2 M. from the 
 village, we may either remain in the valley (to the left), or cross the 
 bridge to the right, and turn immediately to the left, cross the brook, and 
 ascend the cart-track. In about I1/4 hr. we reach AUenbach. The cart-road 
 continues to (0 M.) the Ilaager Hiitte (Rfmts.), whence the summit may be 
 reached in about 1/2 hr. Just below the summit is the =.Se/cft^« /«« (14 bods). 
 The Grosse Belchen, also known as the Gebweiler, or Sulzer Belchen, 
 French Ballon de Soultz (4680 ft.), the highest of the Vosges Mts., alTords 
 an extensive panorama, embracing the Black Forest, the Jura, and the 
 Alps. The descent on the X. side to the Lanchthal (p. 30S) may be made 
 either past the Bekhen-See and via the Roll (Inn opposite the falls of the 
 Seebach), or via the Redlerhiitte to Murbach (p. 308). To the E. to Geb- 
 weiler (p. 307). — St. Amarin is also a favourite starting-point for the ex- 
 cursion to the Belchen (S^/z hrs. •, numerous guide-posts). The ascent may 
 also be made from Jloosch (see below). 
 
 The line now skirts the left bank of the stream. 171/2 ^f • 
 Moosch. I81/0 M. St. Amarin (Goldener Lowe), one of the most 
 ancient places in the valley, to which it has given its name. Since 
 its destruction during the Thirty Years' War, St. Amarin has been 
 a place of no importance. Then — 
 
 201/2 M. Wesserling (*Hutel de Wesserling, near the station), a 
 place of modern origin, built partly on what was once the moraine 
 ot a huge glacier, being a colony of extensive cotton-factories, with 
 numerous pretty villas, and well-kept pleasure-grounds (between 
 the station and the hotel, beyond the bridge). It is a suitable 
 spot for a prolonged stay. Carriage to Wildenstein in IY4 hr., 8 J/. 
 
 On the W. slope of the range separating Alsace from Lorraine, immed- 
 iately beyond the Col de Bussang. which is traversed by the road to 
 Remiremont, 6 31. from Wesserling. the Moselle takes its rise. The road 
 leads through (2V2 M.) the frontier-village of Urhis (Hotel de la Couronne, 
 good). On the top is a tunnel about 300 paces in length, with a boundary- 
 stone in the middle, just beyond which is the source of the river. 
 
 From Wesserling to Wildenstein, 7 M., a pleasant route for 
 pedestrians (diligence twice daily). A good road ascends the pictur-
 
 310 Route 44. MASMUNSTER. 
 
 esque valley of the Thur, passing through the thriving villages of 
 Felleringen (Ochse), Oderen (Lowe; Adler), and (21/4 M.) Kriith, 
 a resort of pilgrims. 
 
 About 1 72 M. beyond Kriith, and the same distance below Wilden- 
 stein, suddenly rises the Schlossberg , an isolated and precipitous 
 wooded eminence, on the S. side of which stand the ruins of Wilden- 
 stein. This stronghold formerly belonged to the Abbey of Murbach 
 (p. 308), by which it was surrendered during the Thirty Years' War 
 to Marshal Caumont de la Force. In 1634 it was betrayed to the 
 troops of Lorraine, and ten years later was taken and destroyed by 
 General v. Erlach, the commander of the AV^eimar troops. Fine view. 
 
 Wildenstein (Sonne), the chief place in the St. Amarinthal, is 
 almost entirely shut in by rocky heights. 
 
 A good path leads from Wildenstein to the Rothenhachhof and ih&Rothen- 
 hachkopf (p. 'iOl). Thence a pleasant walk along the crest of the hills via, 
 the Rheinkopf and the Hoheneck (p. 306) to the SchlucM fp. c06) in 41/2-5 hrs. 
 
 From Wildenstein across the Herrenherg to Motzeral in 4V.i hrs., see 
 p. 307. 
 
 From Sennheim to Masmunster, 12 M., railway in i^j^lxx. 
 (fares 1 Jl 60, 1 Ji 10, 65 pf.). The stations on the branch-line 
 mentioned at p. 308 are (3 M.) Aspach, (5 M.) Burnhaupt, (7 M. ) 
 Oewenheim, (9 M.) Sentheivi, and (IOV2 M.) Awe. — 12 M. Mas- 
 miinster, Fr. Massevaux (* Adler), an old town with 3500 inhab., 
 the principal place in the 7)o^ieW/ia^. This picturesque valley, with its 
 imposing ramifications, merits the attention of tourists (good iunsj. 
 
 Farther up lie Niederbruck , Kirchberg , Wegscheid, and (4 M.) 
 Oberbruck (omnibus thus far twice daily), the best starting-point for 
 the ascent of the "Walsche Belchen, or Ballon d' Alsace (4080 ft.). 
 The route ascends the Dollertlial from Oberbruck to (40 min.) Se- 
 wen (Hirsch ; Krone). A good path leads hence past the new fish- 
 ponds (Rfmts. at the overseer's) to the (21/2 hrs.) Ferme Rosaye 
 (*Inn , unpretending), about 10 min. from the top. The view 
 (mountain-indicator) from the granite summit of the Belchen is 
 magnificent, especially in the direction of Belfort; to the N.W. 
 it is somewhat limited by the Ballon de Servance. Below the top, 
 on French territory, is a good Inn. We may return by the pictur- 
 esque road leading past St. Maurice, Bussang (Hotel Central ; Deux 
 Clefs), and the Source of the Moselle (p. 309) to Wesserling. 
 
 The following excursions may also be made from Oberbruck : by 
 (40 min.) Rimhach, with guide, to the lonely Stern-See and the Rothe 
 Wasen or Rouge Gazon (4100 ft. ; fine view), and then to Stovkensauen 
 and Wesserlwg (p. 309; 4 hrs.); or from Rimbach to the top of the Ross- 
 herg (view), with descent to Jloosch (p. 303) or Thann (p. 808).
 
 311 
 
 45. From Heidelberg to Baden. 
 
 oTVa M. Eailwat in 2-3 hrs. (tVes 1 J( 10, 5 .^ 15, 3 ^ 20 pf. ; 
 express, 8 .^ 70, Q Ji 15 pf.)- Carriages generally changed at Oos, the 
 junction for Baden. 
 
 Heidelberg, see p. 234. 21/2 M. Kirchheim; 3Y-2 M. Leimen; 
 5 M. St. Ilgen; 63 4 M. Walldorf-Xussloch ; 9M. Wiesloch (the vill- 
 age 3/4 M. from the line); 12 M. Roth-Malschj lS^/2^1. Mingolsheim. 
 Before reaching Langenbriicken, we pass, on the right, Kislau, 
 formerly a hunting- seat of the Prince-Bishops of Speyer, and now 
 a penitentiary for women. 15 M. Langenbrucken (360 ft.; Ochs, 
 Sonne), a small village with sulphur-baths; 177-2 Vbstadt. 
 
 22 M. Bruchsal (370 ft.; '^Rail. Restaurant^ at the back of the 
 station; * Hotel Keller, ^Rose, both near the station), a town with 
 11,900 inhab., was formerly the residence of the Bishops of Speyer, 
 whose Schloss, a handsome Rococo structure of the beginning of 
 last century, elegantly fitted up and adorned with frescoes by Zick, 
 merits a visit. Opposite the Schloss, which stands in a pretty gar- 
 den, is a large Reservoir built in the form of a small chateau. The 
 castellated building to the left of the line is a Prison. The Church 
 of St. Peter contains the burial-vault of the last bishops. The War 
 Monument, commemorating the campaign of 1870-71, is in the 
 German Eenaissance style. — Bruchsal is the junction for the 
 Wurtemberg line; comp. Baedeker's Southern Germany. 
 
 Feom Bruchsal to Germeesheim, 16 M., railway in 3/^-11/2 hr. (fares 
 2 Jl 80. 1.90, 1.20 pf.). Stations: 21/2 -A. Kavlsdorf ; S'/a M. Graben- 
 Neudorf [$. 247); U M. Huttenheim; 11 M. Philippsbuvg \ 13 M. Rheinsheim. 
 The train then crosses the Rhine. 16 M. Germersheim, seep. 264. 
 
 On the Michaelsberg , near (24^/2 ^I-) Vnter-Grombach, stands 
 the old Michaels-Capelle (855 ft.; Restaurant). On a hill near 
 (26'/4 M.) Weingarten rises the tower of the ruin of Schmalenstein. 
 
 31 M. Durlach (380 ft. ; Karlsburg\ a small town with 8500 in- 
 hab., the capital of the duchy of Baden-Durlach from 1529 to 1771, 
 was almost entirely burned down by the French in 1688. A wire- 
 rope railway ascends to the lofty tower on the Thurmberg (840 ft.), 
 said to be of Roman origin, commanding a splendid view. 
 
 From Dcrlach to Pfoezheijx, 16 M. ; thence to Wildbad. I4V2 M. 
 more. Railway to Wildbad in 2-3 hrs. (fares i J( iO, 3 Ji, 1 M 90 pf.). 
 The train traverses the fertile valley of the PJinz. II/2 M. Griitzingen; 3 M. 
 Berghausen; 531. Sollingen; 6M. Kleinsteinhach; 71/2 31. Wilferdingen (Krone); 
 9V2 31. Konigsbadt; 12 31. Ersingen; 14 31 Ispringen. 
 
 1631. Pforzheim (-Posf, R. A; L. 2 J(; Schwarzer Adler; Rappen; Dr. 
 Friednch's Hydropathic, pens. 3-6 Jl), a thriving manufacturing town, with 
 30,000 inhab. , lies at the confluence of the .Fnz, the TFurm, and the aVa^oW. 
 The manufacture of gold and silver wares is largely carried on here, 
 employing upwards of 10,000 workmen. The 'Schlosskirche, close to the 
 station, erected in the 12 -15th cent, in the Transition style, contains a 
 number of monuments of the 3Iargrave3 of Baden of the i6th century. In 
 the town are a Statue of Margrave Ernest (d. 1558), the founder of the 
 now extinct Baden-Durlach-Ernestine family, and a War Monument. A 
 branch-line connects Pforzheim with iliihlacker, where it joins the Bruch- 
 sal line to Stuttgart. — Rsiilway to Calw, Tubingen, and Constance, see 
 Baedeker's Southern Germany.
 
 312 Route 45. WILDBAD. From Heidelberg 
 
 The WiLDBAD Railway continues to follow the pleasant, grassy valley 
 of the Em, which now contracts. 18 M. Brotzingen; 1974 M. Bir'kenfeld. 
 
 2272 M. Neuenbiirg (Post), a picturesquely-situated little town, is com- 
 manded by a Schloss (now occupied by public offices), erected in 1658 by 
 Duke Christopher on the site of an older building, on a wooded height 
 encircled by the Enz. Adjoining the Schloss is the ruined castle called 
 the Fruchtspeicher, with some Roman relics. Diligence thrice daily to 
 Herrenalb (141/2 M.; p. 341). 
 
 The train crosses the Enz, passes under the Schlossberg by a tunnel, 
 and again crosses the stream. 25 M. Rothenhach; 2672 M. Hdfen; 28 M. 
 Calmhach (Sonne), with a handsome new church. 
 
 3OV2M. Wildbad (1475ft.; "Bad-Hotel; Bellevve; -Hotel Klumpp, with 
 lift, R. 3, D. 37x472 Jif; "Fi-ey, Hdtel de Rtmie, D. 2^2 Jl; Keim, B. 2^; 
 Fioss; Goldenes Lamm, etc.; Weil, Railway Hotel, opposite the station), a 
 much - frequented watering-place with 3500 inhab., lies in the pine-clad 
 ravine of the Enz, on both sides of the stream. The greater part of 
 the town, with the principal street, the bath -establishments, and the 
 hotels, is on the right bank; the railway -station lies on the other 
 bank at the N. or lower end of the town. In the Cor-Platz, at the end 
 of the Haupt-Strasse, rises the Royal Bath Hotel (Curhaus), with cafe, read- 
 ing, and ball-rooms (miisic 8-9 a.m. and 6-7 p.m.), and the large Bath 
 House. The thermal springs (94-180° Fahr.), which are beneficial incases 
 of gout and rheumatism, rise immediately from the sand in the baths 
 for each sex, capable of containing 22 persons each (I J!?; 30 private 
 baths. 1 Jl 80 pf.). The salutary qualities of the water, which contains 
 no mineral ingredients , are ascribed in great n^ieasure to its being 
 used immediately at its source. The bath may be inspected between 
 12 and 1 (fee). Annual number of patients about 6500. An elegant iron Trink- 
 halle (with music-pavilion) has been erected between the Enz and the Ho- 
 tel Bellevue, by Bok of Stuttgart, who is also the architect of the Ka- 
 tharinenstifi , or bath for the poor. The English Church is open for service 
 during the season. Walks and pleasure-grounds extend on both sides of 
 the river; on the S. (upper) side of the village, past the Roman Catholic 
 church, as far as the (1 M.) Windhof, a cafe, and on the 1^. (lower) side to 
 the (1 M.) garden-restaurant '■Zum kiihlen Brunnen', a favourite resort op- 
 posite the railway-station. 
 
 ExcuKsioNS. A road ascends the valley of the Enz to (772 M.) Em- 
 klosterle (Waldhorn) and (3 M.) Gumpelscheuer (Lamm), and thence to (17 M.) 
 Freudenstadt (p. 355). Another excursion may be taken by the small 
 Wildsee, which tradition has peopled with water-sprites, and thence to the 
 shooting-lodge of Kaltenhronti (2845 ft.; "Inn), and the (1/4 M.) ''Hohloh- 
 thunn (3250 ft. ; view). By (472 M.) Eyachmiihl to (272 M.) Dobel and (3 M.) 
 Herrenalb, see p. 341. 
 
 On the right as we approach Carlsruhe is Schloss Gottesaue 
 (p. 317). 
 
 341/2 M. Carlsruhe, see below. The through-trains to Switzer- 
 land generally stop here for dinner. Railway beyond Carlsruhe, 
 see p. 318. 
 
 Carlsruhe. — The Railway Station (PI. E, 3) is on the S. side of the 
 town; trains to Heidelberg, see above; to Baden, see p. 318 ; to Pforzheim 
 and Wildbad , see above ; to Bretten and Wurtemberg , see Baedeker''s 
 Southern Germany. On the W. side of the town there is a small station 
 ('Miihlburgthor'') for the trains to Maxau (p. 317) and Mannheim (p. 247). 
 
 Hotels. A'ear the station: 'Gkrmania (PI. a; D, 3). at the comer of 
 the Kriegs-Str. and Carl-Friedrichs-Str., well fitted up, R. & L. from 3, 
 A. 72, B. 1, D. 3 JJ; 'Victoria (R., L., <fe A. 272-3, B. 1, D. 2^2 J(), 
 Kahnhof- Hotel, both in the Kriegs-Str., opposite the station. — Hotel 
 LUTZ, Hotel National, Geuner Hof (PI. e; E, 3), with restaurant and 
 garden, all near the station. — hi the town: Erbprinz (PI. b; D, 2), Kaiser-
 
 to Baden. CARLSRUHE. 45. Route. 313 
 
 Str., with cafe; *Hotel Grosse (PI. c; D, 2), in the Markt-Platz, R., L., 
 & A. 2V2 Jf, B. 80 pf., D. 2 Ji iO pf. ; Hotel Stoffleth (Weisser Bar; 
 PI. e; D, 3), R. 1 Jl 50, B. 70 pf., and Goldner Adler (PI. f; D, 3), 
 R. 2, D, 2 J(, both in the Carl-Friedrichs-Str. — Hotel Garni Tann- 
 HAUSER. Kaiser-Str. — Boarding House : Frdidein Nernst, Douglas-Str. 5, 
 I.o0-160u4( per month. 
 
 Restaurants. Englischer Hof, Markt-Platz; Ziim Erokodil , Ludwigs- 
 Platz; Lohengrin. Carl-Friedrichs-Str.; Rodensteiner^ Landsknecht, both in 
 the Herren-Str.; Ca/6 Bauer, Lamm-Str. ; etc. 
 
 Tramway (fare 15 pf.) from Gottesaue (on the E.) through the Kaiser- 
 Slr. to the iluhlburger Thor (on the W.) and on to Miihlburg (10 pf. more). 
 — Steam- Tramway from the Durlacher-Thor to Durlach every 20 min. 
 
 Cabs. One-horse or two-horse, to or from the station, 1 pers. 50, 
 2 pers. 70 pf., 3 pers. 1 Jl, 4 pers. 1 Jl 10, each package of luggage 20 pf. — 
 Driwes within the town: one-horse, 1-2 pers. for V-« br. 50, 3-4 pers. 60 pf. ; 
 for 1/2 hr. 90 or K4f 10 pf. ; two -horse 60, 90, 1 J< 10, 1 Jif 60 pf. — To 
 the Neue Friedhof i Jt, 1 Jlf 40 pf., two -horse i Jf iO, 1 ^ 80 pf. ; to 
 Durlach 1 Jl SO, 2 Jl, two -horse 2 J(, 2 J( 40 pf. — After dusk 10 pf. 
 more for each •/< hr. ; double fares from 9 p.m. to 6 a.m. (in winter 8-7). 
 
 Post Office (PI. 30; D. 2), Friedrichs-Platz 1, entrance from the Ritter- 
 Str. ; and at the station. — Telegraph Office (PI. 39; D, 2), corner of the 
 Herren-Str. and the Standehaus-Str. 
 
 Theatre (PI. 12; D, 2), four times a week; closed from 15th June to 
 15th Aug. 
 
 Baths. Stddtisches Vierordtshad (Pl.D, ^), near the Stadtgarten; Frie- 
 drichsbad , with swimming - basin , in the Kaiser-Str. — In the Rhine, 
 at Maxau (p. 318), to which special morning and evening trains convey 
 bathers in summer. 
 
 English Church Service in the chapel of theFriedrich-Wilhelm-Kranken- 
 heim, Kaiser-Allee, at 11.30 a.m. and 5 p.m. Chaplain, J?er. 0. i^/ex, Les- 
 sing-Str. 72. 
 
 Carlsruhe (320 ft.), the capital of the Grand-duchy of Baden 
 (73,000 Inhab., 2/5 Rom- Cath.), situated 6 M. from the Rhine, on 
 the outskirts of the Hardtwald, is a clean, well-built town, which 
 owes its origin to the Margrave Charles William, who founded a 
 castle here in 1715 and transferred his residence hither from Dur- 
 lach. The plan of the old town resembles a fan, the streets radiat- 
 ing from the palace. Several distinct architectural styles may he 
 observed : The palace and the other older buildings are in the 
 French style prevalent at the beginning of the 18th century. The 
 structures of the next period exhibit the simple and harmonious 
 classical forms introduced by Friedrich Weinbrenner fd. 1826), an 
 architect who received his training in Rome. His principal succes- 
 sors were Hiibsch (1795-1863) and Eisenlohr (1805-1854), who 
 erected many handsome buildings in the modern Romanesque (round- 
 arched) style, and long determined the tone of Carlsruhe architec- 
 ture. The stately edifices erected in recent years by BerckmiUler (d. 
 1879), Lang, and others form a fourth period , marked by great 
 diversity of style. The importance of Carlsruhe as an industrial 
 town has of late increased very rapidly, its principal manufactures 
 being engines and railway-carriages, furniture, and plated goods. 
 
 In front of the railway-station (PI. D, E, 3) is a small Platz, 
 planted with trees, and embellished with a bronze statue of Winter 
 (PI. 6; d. 1838), the minister, designed by Reich and executed by 
 Burgschmiet in 1855. — Farther on, to the left, is a War Monu-
 
 314 Route 45. CARLSRUHE. From Heidelberg 
 
 ment (Pi. 5) in memory of 1870-71, consisting of a group in marble 
 by Volz, on a lofty sandstone pedestal. 
 
 Opposite the memorial, at tbe entrance to the Carl-Friedricbs- 
 Strasse, stands a handsome Fountain (PI. 25). 
 
 The Carl-Fkikurichs-Strassk (PI. D, 3, 2), extending from 
 the site of the old Ettlinger Thor northwards to the palace (^/^ M.), 
 is one of the main streets of the town. The chief buildings here 
 are nearly all by Weinhrenner, and present a handsome and uniform 
 appearance. In the Rondel -Platz rises an O&ei/s/c ('Verfassungs- 
 silule'; PI. D, 3) to the Grand Duke Carl (1811-18); on the right 
 is the Margrave'' s Palace, by Weinhrenner. The Landes- Gewerbe- 
 halle (PI. 23), farther on to the right, contains a good industrial 
 museum and a technical library. [Admission daily except Mon. 
 10-12 (on Sun. 11-12) and 2-4.] 
 
 On the left side of the Markbt-Place (PL D, 2) is the Toion 
 Hall (PI. 31), built in 1821, with a memorial tablet to the natives 
 of Carlsruhe who fell in 1870-71 (on the staircase) , and on the 
 right the Protestant Church (PI. 17), with a Corinthian portico, the 
 burial-church of the grand-ducal family. Both these edifices are by 
 Weinhrenner. In the centre of the market-place is a fountain with 
 a Statue of the Grand Duke Lewis (1818-1830; PL 3), by Raufer. 
 
 Farther along the Carl-Friedrichs-Strasse, near its intersection 
 with the Kaiser-Strasse (p. 317), the other principal street of the 
 town, is a Pyramid (PL 7) in honour of Margrave Charles William 
 (p. 313), who is buried here. 
 
 In front of the palace, in the centre of a square embellished 
 with gardens and fountains , is the Bronze Statue of the Grand 
 Duke Charles Frederick (PL 2; d. 1811), by Schwanthaler, erected 
 in 1844. 
 
 The Palace (PL D, 1), erected in 1754-76, is in the form of 
 a semicircle , and surmounted by the Bleithurm (150 ft.), which 
 atlords an extensive view. The dininghall, ball-room, and other 
 apartments are sumptuously.fitted up. In the hall is a fine orchestrion, 
 which is generally played on Sunday forenoons. The ducal Stables 
 (open 12-4) are on the E. side. 
 
 In the crescent on the W. side of the Schloss-Platz, connected 
 with the Schloss by an arcade , is the Court Theatre (PL 12), 
 erected in the Romanesque style in 1847-1853 , by Hiibsch, to re- 
 place one which had been burned down. The pediment contains 
 (r.) reliefs of Goethe, Schiller, and Lessing, and (1.) of Mozart, 
 Beethoven, and Gluck; in the centre the Muse of the Drama; all 
 by Eeich. In the interior the new drop-scene, painted by Keller, 
 merits inspection. 
 
 An arched passage in the W. wing of the Schloss leads to the Palace 
 Garden ,(P1. D, 1), embellished with fountains, sculptures, etc., which 
 extends into the Hardttcald. 
 
 Behind the Court Theatre is the Botanic Garden (PI. D, 1, 2\ closed 
 on Sat. and Sun., and from 12 to 2 on other days), with a Winter Gardkn
 
 to Baden. CARLSRUHE. 45. Route. 315 
 
 (PI. 43; open on 3Iou. and Frid., iO-i2 and 2-4), containing a palm- 
 house, pond for the Victoria Regia, orangery, green-houses, etc. 
 
 Adjacent is the Hall of Art (PI. 21 ; D, 2; generally called the 
 'Academiegebaude'), built by Hiibsch (1836-45) in the modern Ro- 
 manesque style, containing collections of pictures, casts, and anti- 
 quities (entrance from the Linkenheimer-Strasse). The sculptures 
 at the entrance are by Reich. The (Collections are open to the 
 public on Wed. and Sun., 11-1 and 2-4; at other times fee ^/o-i Jl. 
 
 Ground-Floor. On the left is the saloon of the Carlsruhe Avt Union 
 (adm. on Sun , Tues., Wed., and Frid., 20 pf.), containing a collection of 
 modern pictures and other works of art, chiefly by artists of Carlsruhe 
 (for sale). — On the ground-Iloor are also several rooms and cabinets 
 containing casts of ancient and modern sculptures. 
 
 Staircase. Frescoes by Schicind, executed in iS40, representing the 
 consecration of Freiburg Cathedral by Duke Conrad of ZUhringen. The 
 standard-bearer is a portrait of the Grand Duke Leopold, with his son by 
 his side; the workman with the white collar to the right of the entrance 
 is the architect Hiibsch; the crowned female figures are portraits of the 
 Grand Duchess and her daughters; Schwind himself is seen on the scaf- 
 folding to the right ; to the left is Sabina, daughter of Erwin of Steinbach 
 (comp. p. 272), to the right is Baldung Grien, painting the Margrave 
 Christopher I. — The allegorical paintings in the lunettes are also by 
 Schwind: that in the middle represents Art protected by the Church 
 and State; on the right are Fancy and Wealth, on the left Science and 
 Peace. — Another part of the wall is adorned with a continuation of 
 the under-mentioned Procession of Children by Schwind, and 542. F. 
 JJieiz, Destruction of Heidelberg by Mclac. 
 
 First Floor. The First Corridor (to the left) contains a few cartoons 
 by Overbeck. Schwind (Procession of Children), and Schnorr von Carols- 
 feld (scenes from the Nibelungenlied in the Palace at Munich and from 
 the 'Orlando Furioso" in the Villa Massimi at Rome), and a number of 
 e:irly German and Xetherlandi.^b work?. The last include examples of 
 Hans Holbein the Elder. Hans Holbein the Younger (Nos. *67, 66. 8S. George 
 :aid Ursula, probably the wings of an altarpiece), Hans Baldung Grien., 
 C'ranach, Burgkmair, Beham^ etc. 
 
 1. Cabinet. *130. 6'eors' i*e«c2, Life-size portrait of a citizen of Nurem- 
 berg; 177. Rubens, Family portraits (an early work). — We now enter — 
 
 Roo.M I. (beginning on the right). 186. Jac. Jordaeng, Moses bringing 
 water from the rock; Adr. Brouwer, lUi. Dentist, 192. Sleeping peasant; 
 *235. Barth. van der Heht, Young married couple; 318. Jan Both, Italian 
 landscape; 290. A. van de Velde, Cattle in a wood; 362. De Heem, Still- 
 life; 329. Jan Wynants, Landscape, with figures bv A. van de Velde. — 
 *238. Rembrandt, Portrait of himself, 163o; 262. J. Ochterveld, Declaration 
 of love; 272. Frans van Mieris Ihe Elder, Portrait, a youthful work; *261. 
 Gabriel Metsu, Young couple, probably the painter hiimself and his wife; 
 *260. Jan S teen, Husband and wife in a garden; 259. Pieter de Hooch, 
 Woman and girl in a room overlooking a garden; 3S0. Jan van Huysum, 
 Flowers (dated 1714) ; Don, 266. Herring-seller (1652), 263. Lace-maker, 
 267. Repentant Magdalene. — 344-346. M. d'Hondecoeter, Poultry; 270. P. 
 van Slingeland, Family-scene. 
 
 Room II. contains a few other Netherlandish works, and examples of 
 Alunno, Ann. Carracci, Lorenzo di Credi. Sassoferrato, etc. 
 
 Cab. 2. 468. Phil, de Champaigne. Voviv?i\i; 495-499. /. B. Chardin, 
 Still-life. — The following rooms contain the modern works. 
 
 Cab. 3. 789. /. Koch. Landscape, with rainbow; 538. Frcmmel, Heidel- 
 berg; 509. Overbeck, Raising of Lazarus. — Cab. 4. 521. J/, von Schwind, 
 Ritter Kurfs Bridal Procession (Goethe), a humorous composition in the 
 old-German manner, bearing the motto, 'Widersacher, Weiber, Schulden, 
 ach ! kein Ritter wird sie los' (Of foes, women, and debts, alas ! no knight 
 can get rid). 576. Kachel, Love; 570. Tidemand, The grand- mother's bri- 
 dal crown. — Cab. 5. 560-563. Kirner, Rustic scenes in the Black Forest
 
 31G Route 45. 
 
 CARLSRUHE. 
 
 From Heidelberg 
 
 and in Italy; 60'2. A. Fries, Italian landscape; 645. A. von Bayer. Jeanne 
 de France at the nunnery of Bourges. — Cab. 6. *533. Lessing, Crusaders 
 in the desert; *622, Lindemann-Frommel, Scene on the coast of Italy; 
 666. Karl Roux ^ Dorothea among the emigrants (from Goethe); 548. Jul. 
 Scholtz, Wallenstein's banquet. 
 
 Room III. 575. F. Iliddemann ., Funeral in Westphalia (dated 1877); 
 5i3. F. Dietz, Q\ieen Maria Eleonora at the coffin of Gustavus Adolphus; 
 533. W. Emele, Battle of Nuits 1870; ♦552. Nikutowskii, Passage of the 
 Beresina by Napoleon in 1812; 619. A. Achenbach, Steamboat colliding 
 with an iceberg; 637. Hans Oude, Coast of Norway ; 613-616. Bchirmer, 
 Parable of the Good Samaritan. 
 
 Room IV. 612. Schirmer, Thunder-storm in the Roman Campagna ; 
 574. Riefstahl. Funeral-ceremony in the 'mountains ; 55i. F. Keller^ Mar- 
 
 
 
 6. Cab. 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 2. Cab. 
 
 
 
 8. 
 Cab. 
 
 7. 
 
 IV. Room. 
 
 5 4 3 
 
 1 1 
 
 I. Room. 
 
 1. 
 Cab. 
 
 III. 
 
 ilill 
 
 
 Mil 
 
 II. 
 
 
 
 
 C...| , 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 Second Corridor. 
 
 .... 
 
 1 
 
 First Corridor. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . .! 
 
 
 
 
 grave Lewis of Baden conquering the Turks ; 611. Schirmer, Via Mala ; 
 0?5. K. F. Lessing, Landscape from the Harz Mts., with soldiers of the 
 30 Years' War; 522. Winterhalter, Grand- Duke Leopold; 667. Schmitson, 
 Shying horse ; ''534. K. F. Lessing, Dispute between Luther (left) and 
 Kck (right) at Leipzig in 1519 in presence of Duke George of Saxony and 
 Prince Barnim of Pomerania, a very effective composition; *551. Ans. 
 FeuerbarJi^ Dante and the ladies of Ravenna; *532. Steinle, Mary and 
 Elizabeth (over the entrance); *797. Defregger, The young painter; 794. 
 K. Hoff, Death of Christ ; 699. C. Wagner, Emp. William I. on horseback ; 
 8(X). Riefsiahl, A child's funeral in the Passeier; 801. Kallmorgen, Inun- 
 dation; 802. Claus Meyer ^ Children's school at Ueberlingen; Baisch, Cattle; 
 A. V. Meckel, Oriental landscape. 
 
 Cab. 7. To the left: 571. Ten Kate, Genre scene; *577. Wilhelm Sohn, 
 A matter of conscience; 620. A. Achenbach, Norwegian landscape ;' 596, 
 594, 595. Rodmann, Greek scenes; 567. /. Becker, The proposal of mar- 
 riage; A. Feuerbach, Portrait of the artist, Flower-piece; F. Adam, Battle 
 (if Sedan. — Cab. 8. Water-colours by W. Durr, Ad. Schrodter, etc. 
 
 We now return to the staircase through the Second Corridor (which 
 contains cartoons by Veil, Hess, Schnorr von Carols/eld, and others), and 
 the Cabinet of Engravings (open on Thurs. 10-12). 
 
 Near the Hall of Art is one of the entrances to the Botanic 
 Garden (p. 314). Beside it is a colossal bust of the architect 
 Hilbsch (p. 313). On the other side of the Linkenheimer-Strasse, 
 nearly opposite the Academy, rises the handsome Palace of Justice 
 (PI. 16; C, 2), huilt by Leonhard (d. 1878), and accommodating 
 the superior law-courts of Baden. 
 
 Farther on, at the corner of the Bismarck - Strasse , which 
 diverges to the left, are the Headquarters of the XIV. Corps d'Armee 
 (PI. 42; G, 1), built by Devin. — Two buildings at the W. end 
 of the street contain the School of Art (PI. B, 2; director, Karl 
 Roux) ^ founded in 1853. In the Platz in front of it, a statue
 
 to Baden. CARLSRUHE. 45. Route. 317 
 
 of the poet J. V. v. Scheffel (see belcw), by Yolz, ^vas erected in 
 1892. — The adjoining streets contain numerous handsome villas. 
 
 The finest square in Carlsruhe is the Friedrichs-Platz (PL D, 
 2. 3), which is surrounded with imposing modern buildings, and 
 embellished -with pleasure-grounds, a fountain, and a group of 
 Orestes and Pylades by Steinhauser. On the N.W. side is the 
 Roman Catholic Church (PI. 18; D, 2), built by Weinbrenner in 
 the style of the Pantheon. The square is traversed from E. to "VT. 
 by the Erbprinzen-Strasse and bounded on the N. by a row of ar- 
 cades and shops. On the E. side are the Central Offices of the Baden 
 Railways (PI. 9), and on the S. is the imposing building of the 
 United Grand-ducal Collections [Vereinigte Sammlungen ] PI. 41 ; 
 I), 3), with its conspicuous central portion somewhat resembling 
 a triumphal arch, erected by Berckmilller in 1865-72. The four 
 marble figures are by Steinhauser. The staircase is adorned with 
 frescoes by ^eZier and Gleichauf. Adm. on Sun. and Wed., 11-1 
 and 2-4; at other times on payment of a fee. Catalogue 50 pf. 
 
 The collections of Roman Antiquities found in the neighbourhood, of 
 Greek and Italic Vases and Terracottas^ and of Etruscan Bronzes are note- 
 worthy. In one of the rooms are a number of Old Weapons., chiefly Turkish 
 spoils of war captured by Margrave Lewis William (p. 326). 
 
 On the ground-floor, to the left, is the Mineralogical and Geological 
 ("ollection. 
 
 The upper floor contains the Zoological Collection^ the Modern Weapons, 
 of Greek and Ital. Vases and Terracottas , with models of cannons in the 
 Baden arsenal , the Library, with about 150,000 volumes and a handsome 
 reading-room (adm. Sun. 11-1, week-days 10-1 & 6-8), and lastly the Cabinet 
 of Coins. 
 
 The Kaiser- Strassb, a street 1^2 M. long, flanked with hand- 
 some modern houses and attractive shops, runs through the centre of 
 the town from E. to W. (tramway, p. 3181. In its W. half, at the 
 corner of the Wald-Str., is the Kaiser Wilhelm Passage^ leading 
 to the Akademie-Str. (PI. C, 2); in its E. half, at the corner of the 
 Kronen-Str., rises the new Synagogue (PI. 38; E, 2), built by 
 Darm in the Oriental style with Renaissance details. Farther to 
 the E. is the Polytechnic School (PI. E, 2), erected by Hiibsch 
 in 1836 and considerably enlarged by Fischer in 1863. Over the 
 entrance are stone statues of Keppler and Erwin of Steinbach , by 
 Raufer. In the vestibule is a tablet recording the names of the 
 students who fell in the war of 1870-71, and in the court is a bust 
 of Prof. Redtenbacher (d. 1867), the engineer, by Moest. This in- 
 stitution is the oldest of the kind in Germany , and is attended 
 by about 600 students. 
 
 Aliout 1/2 M. from the Durlacher Thor (tramway), is the Schloss 
 Gottesaue fPl. G, 3), erected by Margrave Carl II. in "1553 on the site of 
 a Benedictine abbey dating from 1110, and enlarged by Ernst Friedrich 
 in 15S8. The interior has been fitted up as an artillery-barrack. A large 
 Military Prison has been erected in the vicinity. — ' To the N.E., the 
 Kaiser- Wilheim-Str. leads from the Durlacher Thor to (1 51.) the hand- 
 some New Cemetery, in which repose the statesman Karl Mathy (d. 1868) 
 and the poet Joh. Vict, von Scheffel, a native of Karlsruhe (182li-86). 
 
 Fkom Carlseuhe to Landau, 25 M., railway in IV2 hr. (fares d M
 
 318 Route 45. RASTATT. 
 
 20, 2.20. 1.40). — 11/4 M. Miihlhurgthor; 21/2 M. Miihlhurg ; 41/2 M. Knielingen •, 
 G'A M. Maxau (bath.^, see p. 313), where the Rhine is cros.'ieil by a bridge- 
 of-boats; then Maximilinnsau (Rheinischer Hof); 8M. Wort/i, junction for 
 Speyer and Lauterburg (p. 264); 12 M. Langenkandel; and 17 M. Winden, 
 where the line joins the Palatinate railway. — 25 M. Landau, see p. 256. 
 
 Beyond Carlsruhe, the two towers of the church of Bulach[ei- 
 ccted by Hiibsch) are seen on the right. To the left wooded hills. 
 353/4 M. Beiertheim, served by local trains only. 39 M. Ettlingen 
 (*Sonne, '''Hirsch, with gardens ; Krone), an industrial town with 
 6500 iuhab., and large shirting, velvet, and paper manufactories ; 
 paper has been made here since 1482. Diligence to Herrenalb 
 (127-2 M. ; p. 341), once daily. — 44 M. Malsch; 46V2 M. Muggen- 
 sturm. The mountains of the Murgthal bound the view on the left. 
 
 491/2 M. Kastatt(405ft. ; ^'Kreuz, in the market-place ; *8chwert; 
 Lowe, plainer; omnibus to the town 30 pf.), a town w^ith 11,552 
 inhab., burned by the French in 1689, but soon afterwards rebuilt 
 by the celebrated Imperial general Margrave Lewis of Baden(d. 1707), 
 was the residence of the Margraves till the line became extinct in 
 1771. The large Palace, completed by the Margravine Sibylla 
 Augusta (p. 326), is now used for military purposes. 
 
 In one of the apartments the peace between France and Austria, which 
 terminated the Spanish War of Succession, was signed on (3th May, 1714 
 by Prince Eugene of Savoy and Marshal Villars. A congress held here 
 in 1797-99 between Austria and Germany on the one side and France on 
 the other led to no result, and at its close Roberjot and Bonnier, two of 
 the French delegates, were barbarously murdered by Austrian hussars in 
 an adjacent wood, but at whose instigation it w^as never discovered. — 
 The Baden revolution began at Rastatt in 1849 with a mutiny of the sol- 
 diery, and it was also terminated here by the surrender of the fortress 
 to the Prussians after a siege of three weeks. 
 
 The train now crosses the Murg, and reaches — 
 55 M. Oos(410 ft. ; Sonne, Engel), whence a branch-line (change 
 carriages) ascends the Oosthal in 10 rain, to (57^2 M.) Baden. 
 
 46. Baden and Environs. 
 
 Coinp, Map. 
 Arrival. The Railway Station (500 ft. ; PI. A, 1) is on the N.W. side 
 of the town. Porter from the train to a cab, 5 pf. for each article of luggage ; 
 for carrving a trunk into the town 30 pf., more than one 20 pf. each, 
 light articles 10 pf. each ; after 11 p.m. 35, 30, 20 pf. — Cab C Packdroschke'' ): 
 1/4 hr. for 1-2 pers. 70 pf., for 3-4 pers. iJlb pf. \ for 1/2 hr. IJf 5 or 
 1 Jl 40 pf. (to Lichtenthal 1 UST 40 or i Jl 70 pf.); from 9 to 12 p.m., 1 Jl 
 5, 1 Jl 40, 1 Jl 40, and 1 Jl 70 pf. ; from midnight to 5 a.m., IJf 40, i Jl 
 70, 1 Jl 70, and 2 Jl ib pf. ; each box 20 pf. — Omnibus to Lichtenthal, 
 see p. 324. 
 
 Hotels. *H(jTEL Mesmee (PI. a; B, 3), to the S. of the Conversations- 
 haus, with three dependances and a large garden, first-class. In an open 
 situation on the right bank of the Oos, surrounded with gardens : *Stepha- 
 NiENBAD (PI. b; C, 4), two houses, with lift; *Mikeeva (PI. c; C, 4), 
 with lift, well conducted; Bellevde (PI. d; C, 5). — -Englischee Hof 
 (PI. e; C.3), Sophien-Str. 2, by the Promenaden-Briicke ; *Eckopaischee 
 Hof (PI. if; B, 3). Promenaden-Platz 2. good cuisine; -Victokia (PI. g ; C,3), 
 Sophien-Str. 3, in the Leopolds-Platz, with lift, patronized by the English
 
 V^Twli' 
 
 B^ 
 
 t
 
 Geo«r^. j\iurt V. Wa^nart l)8bcs,l<!ij.i!
 
 BADEN. 46. Route. 319 
 
 and Americans; *HollIkdischer Hof (PI. h; C, 3), Sophien-Str. 14, with 
 garden and the de'pendance Pension BEAUsfiJouR (PI. i ; C, 3) ; *Rdssischer 
 Hof (PI. k ; B. 2), Promenaden-Platz 4, with lift and garden ; *Park Hotel, 
 Fremersberg-Str. 2, overlooking the Lichtenthaler AUee ; *Franzosischer 
 Hof (PI. 1; B, 2). Louisen-Str. 34, with garden, open in winter also; 
 *Zahringer Hof (PI. m; B, 2), Lange-Strasse 63, with baths; *Badischer 
 Hof (PI. n ; B. 2), Lange-Str. 22, at the entrance to the town, with baths and 
 pleasant garden, patronized by the English, pens. 8-10 Jf \ "^Ziegler's 
 Hotel ^s'ational (PI. o; A, 1), Lange-Str. 98, opposite the station, with 
 garden. Average charges at all these hotels: R. from 3 J(, L. 40-70 pf.. 
 
 A. 50-80 pf., D. 3-4 Jf. B. I'^-iVz -^^ pens. from 7-8^1^. — Charges 
 somewhat lower at the following: *Stadt Baden (PI. p; A, 1), at the 
 railway station, E. 3 Jf, L. 40, A. 50 pf., D. at 1 p.m. 3, at 6.30 p.m. 
 3V2 "^ i Bayrischer Hof (PI. q-. A. 1). Lange-Str. 96. opposite the ."station, 
 with garden, convenient for passing travellers ; *Darmstadter Hof (PI. r; 
 C. 3). Gernsbacher-Str. 1. with baths, R. 3, L. 3/4, A. V2, B. 1, D. 3, pens. 
 from 6^; -Petersburger Hof (PI. s; C. 3), Gernsbacher-Str. 9, with 
 baths and restaurant. R. 2 Jf, A. 50, L. 50 pf., B. 1, D. 2^/4, pens, from 
 6 .^; -HiRSCH (PI. t; B, C, 2), Hirsch-Str. i. with baths, R. & A. 21/2, 
 
 B. 1, D. 2V2, pens, from 0V2 .£; 'Drei KOnige (PI. u; C. 3), Lange- 
 Str. 62, D. 21/2 ^, good cuisine; 'Dedtscher Hof (PI. v;B, 2), Lange- 
 Str. 49, with re.staurant, D. 2'/2 , pens, from 4 J/-, *Stadt Paris, 
 Sophien-Str.. near the Friedrichsbad . pens. 6 Jl:, *Stadt Strassburg 
 (PI. w; C, 3), oppo.«ite the last, Sophien-Str. 18; *H6tel Friedrichsbad 
 (PI. x; D, 2), Gernsbacher-Str. 45; Germania (PI. y; C, 4), opposite the 
 Prot. Church; Oberst (PI. z; 0, 3). Louisen-Str. 1, pens. 5 Jf; Muller, 
 Lange-Str. 36, well spoken of; Goldener Stern (PI. A; B, 3). Lange- 
 Str. 46, commercial ; Goldenes Einhorn , Lange-Str. 7, with beer and 
 wine restaurant; Bock (PI. B; B, 2), Lange-Strasse 45. with its back to the 
 Promenade, close to the Russischer Hof; Baldreit. Kiifer-Str. 5. near the 
 market, with baths, pens. 4-5 Jf ; Stadt Carlsrohe. corner of Baldreit-Str. 
 and Biittner-Str., unpretending; Rose, Grtjser Baum, both in the Markt- 
 Platz; Stadt Nancy, Sophien-Str. 22; Salmen, Lowe, Lateune, Geist, al; 
 in the Gernsbacher-Str. — Stahlbad (hotel garni), Lichtenthaler-Str. 271 
 there are also numerous other Hdtels Garnis and Villas. Miss Scheve's 
 Pension, Lange-Str. 70, near the railway-station, a-6 Jf a day; Ramch, 
 Lange-Str. 43, quiet; "Ildtel Kaisevin Elisabeth, pens. 5-10 Jf according to 
 the position of the room, see p. 327. — Inns at Licfitenthal, see p. 324. 
 
 Restaurants. 'ConversationshauS',~Mangin, Louisen-Str. 20, D. 4-5 M:, 
 -Petevsbuvger Hof, see above; Goldener Stem, Drei .Konige, Goldenes 
 Einhorn, see above. — Wine at the *,Stadt Paris (see above), ant at the 
 "Anker in Baden?cheuren. — Beer. Bayrischer i?o/ (see above) ; Haug. Eisen- 
 bahn-Str. 11 , near the station ; *Zum Erokodil, Miihlengasse 4, between 
 Xos. 25 and 27 in the Lange-Strasse, much frequented, D. IV2-2 Jf from 
 noon onwards; *Z«r Post, Lichtenthaler-Str. 4, near the Leopolds-Platz, 
 in the 'Old German' style, D. 1 Jf; Stadt Strassbiirg (seeixhove); *Pit(er, 
 Gernsbacher-Str. 11, with garden; Bletzer. Lichtenthaler-Str. 35 ; Sinner, 
 Lichtenthaler-Strasse 44; Schiitzenhof, to the N. of the station, beyond the 
 bridge. — Dinner (11/2-2 Jl) after 12 o'clock, at various eating-houses in the 
 Gernsbacher-Str. and the streets running off the Lichtenthaler-Str. 
 
 Cafes and Confectioners' shops. ' Perrimond-Rumpelmaier, Augusta- 
 Platz (PI. C, 3), first-class, with garden; Zabler, Lichtenthaler-Str. 12, 
 with garden; Schababerle, Gernsbacher-Str. 4. 
 
 Cabs ('Packdroschken' at the rail, station, see p. 318). 
 a. By Time. 
 
 For 1/4 liour 
 
 For 1/2 hour 
 
 For ^4 hour 
 
 For 1 hour 
 
 To Lichtenthal 
 
 Each additional V4 hour 50 pf. 
 
 1-2 pers. 
 
 3-4 
 
 pers. 
 
 Jf : pf. 
 
 Jf 
 
 pf. 
 
 
 
 90 
 
 I 
 
 50 
 
 1 
 
 40 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 _ 
 
 3 
 
 _ 
 
 4 
 
 — 
 
 1 
 
 40 
 
 2 
 
 —
 
 320 Route 46. 
 
 BADEN. 
 
 Cabs. 
 
 In summer after 9 p.m., and in winter after 8 p.m. : per drive C'A br.), 
 1-4 pers., 1 J( 40 pf., each additional '/* br. 60 pf. ; each large box 40 pf. 
 
 
 b. Drives at Fixed Charges (1-4 persons). 
 
 To the Alte Scbloss 
 
 and back 
 
 Fremersberg and Jagdhau? and back 
 
 The Seelach or Gaisbacb and back 
 
 By the Yburg road, the Seeligbofe, and the new 'Ver- 
 
 bindungs-Weg' to Lichtenthal, and back to Baden 
 
 The Fremersberger Thurm and back 
 
 To the Alte Schloss and back 
 
 The Favorite and back 
 
 The Ebersteinburg and back 
 
 and back by the Alte Schloss 
 
 Gernsbach and back 
 
 lEbersteinschloss and back 
 
 and back by Gernsbach . . . . 
 
 The Yburg and back 
 
 The Fremersberger Thurm by the Fremersberger 
 
 Convent, and back by the Jagdhaus . . . . 
 To the Alte Schloss, Ebersteinburg. Teufelskanzel, 
 
 Mercurius-Thurm, and Miillenbild. or in reverse 
 
 direction (not more than 10 hrs.) 
 
 {Same, including Gernsbach or Schloss Eberstein . 
 Same, including Gernsbach and Schloss Eberstein . 
 
 14 
 
 50 
 
 Horses (Berthold-Str. 6) : 1-2 hrs. 6 J(. 
 
 Visitors' Tax. Tickets for admission to the Conversationshaus and 
 grounds sold at the entrance to the grounds): for one day, 1 pers. 1 Ji 
 (afternoon-concert only, 50 pf.); for a fortnight 8Jf\ for one month, 
 1 pers. 16 J^, 2 pers. 25 J(. each additional person 5 Ji more. Balls every 
 Saturday during the season. Good Concerts frequently. — Muiic in front 
 of, or in the Conversationshaus, 7-8 a.m., 3-4 and 8-iO p.m. 
 
 Theatre. Performances on Wednesdays (actors from the Carlsruhe 
 theatre); during the season twice weekly. 
 
 Races at Iffezheim (near Oos, p. 318). at the end of August and at the 
 beginning of September and of October. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Office (PI. B. 2), Lange-Str. 58. 
 
 English Church ('All Saints'). Berthold-Str., close to the Grand Hotel 
 Bellevue-, Sun. services at 8.30, 10.45, 11 a.m., 12.15 and 5.30 p.m. Cha- 
 plain, Rev. T. ArcMhald S. White, M. A., Lange-Str. 38. 
 
 Chemists. Rieffel d- ffoj^mann., Lange-Str. 2 (English spoken). — Bankers. 
 F. S. Meyer, Luisen-Str. 26; Joerger; Sivohmeyer. — Lawn Tennis Club, 
 with cement court; tickets (40 m. for the season) from i/r. Charles Oroetz, 
 Promenade 12. 
 
 Baden has the reputation of being an expensive watering-place, and 
 probably is so to those who live at the first-class hotels, attend all the 
 numerous concerts, and liberally patronise the shops and bazaars ; but many 
 of the advantages of the place may be enjoyed without very serious inroad 
 on the finances. A respectable private lodging may be procured for 10-20 Jf- 
 a week, the farther from the Cursaal, the cheaper (e.g. at one of the 
 numerous villas near the railway-station, such as the Villa Haug, or at the 
 village of Lichtenthal, IV2 M. distant). The lodgings in the Sophien-Strasse 
 are pleasant and comfortable, but somewhat expensive. Breakfast in the 
 lodging-houses costs 40-60 pf. ; dinner at one of the houses mentioned at 
 p. 319, 1^2-2 Jl; baths 40 pf. to 2 Jl 50 pf. and upwards. — The thermal 
 water may be drunk at the Trinkhalle and Friedrichsbad free of charge ; 
 other kinds of mineral water are supplied at fixed rates. Whey or goats '- 
 jnilk, 20 pf. per glass. 
 
 Baden (600 ft.), or Baden-Baden (to distinguish it from the
 
 Pfarrkirche. BADEN. 46. Route. 321 
 
 Baden near Vienna and that in Switzerland), lies at the entrance 
 of the Black Forest, among picturesque, well- wooded hills, in the 
 delightful valley of the Oos , or Oel-Bach, and vies with Heidel- 
 berg and Freiburg in the beauty of its situation. It is one of the 
 most popular watering-places in Europe, and is rivalled in Ger- 
 many by Wiesbaden only. The number of visitors has risen from 
 2460 in 1815 to about 50,000 annually. The climate is mild 
 and salubrious. The efficacy of the waters was known to the Ro- 
 mans, who called it Civitas Aurelia Aquensis. For six centuries 
 Baden was the seat of the Margraves of Baden, ofwhom Hermann IV. 
 (d. 1190 in the Crusades) first resided in the old castle. The new 
 castle, above the town, was erected by the Margrave Christopher 
 (d. 1527), but both town and castle suffered so much during the 
 Thirty Years' War and the war of the Palatinate (1689) that the 
 Margraves soon after transferred their residence to Rastatt. The 
 modern reputation of Baden as a sanatorium dates from the begin- 
 ning of this century. The first 'Conversationshaus' was opened in 1808, 
 and the gaming-table, which was immediately set up, became a 
 favourite resort of European wealth and fashion. The suppression 
 of public gambling in 1872, liowever, has given Baden more of 
 the character of a health-resort , though it is still annually visited 
 by thousands of pleasure-seekers. 
 
 The town (14,000 inhab., chiefty Roman Catholic) is situated 
 on the right bank of the Oosbach, and extends up the slope of a 
 spur of the Battert, the summit of which is croAvned by the grand- 
 ducal chateau. Farther to the S. rises the — 
 
 Pfarrkirche, or Stiftskirche (590 ft. ; PI. C, 2 ; always open in 
 the morning), erected in the 7th cent., raised to the dignity of an 
 abbey-church in 1453, destroyed by fire in 1689, repaired in 1753, 
 and restored in the original style in 1866. The choir contains 
 *Monuments of the Roman Catholic Margraves of Baden, from Bern- 
 hard I. (d. 1431) downwards, and some modern stained glass. 
 
 Adjacent to the church, on the S. slope of the Schlossberg, are 
 the Hot Springs, the chief of which have been united in the same 
 channel. They yield upwards of 100 gallons per minute, and vary 
 from 113° to 158° Fahr. in temperature. The efficacy of the water 
 is chiefly due to its high natural temperature, the solid ingredients, 
 chiefly chloride of sodium, amounting only to three per cent. The 
 latest analysis has detected slight traces of arsenic. 
 
 The principal bath-house is the *Friedriclisbad (PL C, 2), an 
 imposing Renaissance edifice designed by Dernfeld, and erected in 
 1869-77, rising in terraces from the Stein-Strasse, close to the 
 springs. The exterior is executed in red and white sandstone, and 
 embellished with statues, busts, and medallions. In the completeness 
 and elegance of its internal arrangements the establishment is per- 
 haps unrivalled by any other of the kind. 
 
 The first floor contains hot and cold plunge-baths (morning 1 Jf, after- 
 
 Baedeker's Rlxine. 12th Edit. 21
 
 322 Route 46. BADEN. Neue Schloss. 
 
 noon 70 pf.), sitz-hath.s (private bath. morn. 2V2, aft. 2 Jf ; general bath, 
 1 Ulf 20 pf. and 1 Jf)., electric baths (3 Jl), an inhaling room (50 pf.), etc. 
 ( )n the second floor is the division set apart for curative gymnastics 
 and 'massage', the apparatus for which was purchased at Stockholm 
 (subscription for 1 month 30, 2 months 50, 3 months 65 Jf). On this floor 
 also are baths for bathing in company, vapour and douche baths, Turkish 
 baths, and large swimming-baths with cold and warm water. A bath 
 takes from IV2 to 2 hrs. ; gentlemen 2 ^/, ladies 1 Jf 80 pf. On the third 
 lloor are the Fiirstenbader, or baths of the most luxurious description 
 (10 Jf), and also vapour baths (1-2 Jf). — One half of each floor is 
 assigned to ladies , the other to gentlemen. The second floor contains a 
 promenading-room. — Admission to view the interior, 1-6 p.m., 1 J(. 
 
 Above the Friedrichsbad is the Alte Dampfbad, built in 1846. 
 The remains of i?oma7i Baths, discovered during its construction, 
 have since been covered up again. — To the N.E. of the Fried- 
 richsbad are the new Landesbad (PI. D , 2), the handsome new 
 Kaiser in- Augusta-Bad for women (PI. C, '2), and i\ieLudwig-Wil- 
 helms-Pflegehaus, a home for ladies founded by Grand Duchess Luisa 
 in memory of her second son, who died at an early age in 1888. — 
 Old Cemetery, see p. 324. 
 
 The Neue Schloss (PI. C, 2), on the hill to the N. of the town, 
 founded in 1479, enlarged in 1530 and 1570-80, seriously damaged 
 in 1689, and since partly restored, was fitted up as a summer-resi- 
 dence for the Grand Duke in 1842. The W. gateway, with its Gothic 
 vaulting, leads into the court (bell to the left for the castellan, 
 1-1 1/2 e/^), on the E. side of -which is the handsome Renaissance 
 chateau. It contains a number of handsome saloons and the apart- 
 ments of the grand-duke, adorned with several good modern pictures, 
 carving, family-portraits, etc. The curious subterranean vaults with 
 stone and iron doors were probably once used as dungeons. 
 
 The beautiful Pleasukk Grounds extending along the left 
 back of the Oos, which flows for a long distance through an artificial 
 channel, and along the W. slopes of the valley, form the chief resort 
 of visitors (adm.. see p. 320). The busiest points are the Trink- 
 halle and the Conversationshaus, and the main stream of traffic 
 follows the Lichtenthaler Allee towards the S. 
 
 The Conversationshaus (525 ft.; PI. B, 3), designed by 
 Weinbrenner , erected in 1824, and considerably enlarged in 1854, 
 is 125 yds. in length and is preceded by a portico of 8 columns. 
 
 The Inteeioe contains the ball, concert, reading, and other rooms, 
 which were gorgeously fitted up by BI. Benazet, the late lessee of the 
 gaming-tables, from designs by thfe best Parisian masters. Immediately 
 within the colonnade is the Great Saloon, 54 yds. long and 17 yds. 
 wide, where the band plays in the evening in unfavourable weather. To 
 the left are the so-called Landscape Saloon , the Italian S^vloon , and 
 the Flower Saloon; to the right the Renaissance Saloon. The New 
 Saloons, opened in 1854, and used for concerts and other purposes, 
 are fitted up in the Renaissance style of Louis XIII. and Louis XIV., 
 aud are still more sumptuous than the old (shown for a fee). — In the 
 K. wing of the building are the well-stocked reading-rooms. The S. wing 
 contains the restanrant (p. 319). 
 
 The band which plays in front of the Conversationshaus (p. 320) 
 always attracts a large assemblage of the fashionable world , and on
 
 Theatre. BADEN. ' 46. Route. 323 
 
 line Sunday afternoons the grounds are crowded with visitors from 
 Strassburg, Carlsruhe, and other neighbouring places. The small 
 avenue leading to the Leopoldsbriicke , to the E. of the Conver- 
 sationshaus, contains the Bazaar, consisting of two rows of stalls of 
 various wares. 
 
 A few paces to the N. is the Trinkhalle (PI. B, 3), designed by 
 Hubsch, and erected in 1839-42, 96 yds. in length, with a colonnade 
 of 16 Corinthian columns in front. It is most frequented from 7 to 
 8 in the morning, when the band plays and the waters are drunk. 
 The relief in the tympanum, by i?€Jcft,- represents the nymph of the 
 springs administering health to sufferers of every kind. The some- 
 what faded frescoes in the arcades, by Gotzenberger, represent four- 
 teen legends of the Black Forest. — The grounds in front of the 
 Trinkhalle are adorned with a marble Bust of Emperor William I. , 
 by Kopf of Rome. 
 
 On the S. side of the Promenade is the Theatre (PI. C. 3), built 
 by Derchy in 1861, and richly fitted up from designs by Couteau. 
 Between the Conversationshaus and the Hotel Mesmer ascends the 
 Werder-Strasse, in which, to the right, is the studio of Professor 
 Kopf. the sculptor, to which visitors are admitted on Thurs. 
 3-5 p.m. from July to October. — The Kunsthalle (PI. B, C, 3), 
 at the back of the theatre , contains an exhibition of pictures 
 (adm. 50 pf.). Near it is the International Club. In the Kron- 
 prinzen-Strasse, farther iip the hill, is the KiXnstlerhaus, (PI. B, 
 4), with the studios of several artists. 
 
 The Leopoldsbriicke leads to the Leopolds-Platz (PI. C, 3), 
 which is embellished with a bronze Statue of Grand Duke Leo- 
 pold (d. 1852), erected in 1861. The Sophibn-Strasse , to 
 theE. of this Platz, is bordered with trees, and forms another 
 promenade. — In the new S. quarter of the town are the Gothic 
 Protestant Church (PI. C, 4), designed by Eisenlohr, with two 
 towers, and the English Church (PI. C, 5). The latter contains 
 several handsome stained-glass windows, a fine candelabrum pre- 
 sented by the Empress Augusta of Germany, and a lectern given 
 by the Grand Duchess of Baden. Near the municipal hospital 
 in the Lichtenthaler-Str. is the Russian Church (PI. C, D, 5). 
 
 On the Michaelsberg rises the Greek Church (685 ft. ; PL B, 2j, 
 erected in 1863-66 from designs by KLenze of Munich in memory 
 of a son of the Roumanian prince Michael Stourdza , who died at 
 P)aden in 1863, in his 17th year. The roof and dome are gilded; the 
 interior, which contains the tombs of the family, is sumptuously 
 decorated with gold, marble, and painting. Key at the house No. 2 ; 
 fee 50 pf. — A little to the S. is the Chateau of Prince Solms- 
 Braunfels, built by Oppler in a mediaeval style (PL B, 3 ; the interior 
 is shewn by the castellan). Farther up is the Friesenberg (940 ft), 
 the pretty forest-paths on which afford beautiful views ; it is reached 
 by following the prolongation of the Werder-Str., passing the Villa 
 
 21*
 
 324 Route i6. ' BADEN. LirhtetUhal. 
 
 Hoheustein. The Werder-Str. is continued to the Beutig (830 ft.), 
 with the Cafe Grethel. — To the left is the new Chateau of Count 
 Vitzthum (PI. A, 4). 
 
 The Old Cemetery (PI. D, 2), now transformed into a prome- 
 nade, contains a crucifix by Niclaus Lerch of Leyen (1467), and a 
 late-Gothic 'Mount of Olives' with stone figures. — The Neir 
 Cemetery lies on the hill to the S.W. (comp. PI. D, 6). 
 
 Environs of Baden. 
 
 For the purposes of Prof. Oerters 'Terrain Cure' for diseases of the 
 heart and lungs the chief walks in the neighbourhood of Baden are class- 
 ilied by means of coloured marks on the trees, yellow signifying a level 
 path, red an easy ascent, red and yellow a steep ascent. The height 
 above the Conversationshaus is given (in metres) at various points in red 
 figures on a white ground. 
 
 The most attractive walk in the vicinity of Baden is the *Lich- 
 tenthaler AUee (PI. B, 3, 4, C, 5, 6), ascending the left bank of the 
 Oos. and much frequented in the afternoon. The avenue consists 
 of fine old oaks, limes, and maples, bordered with flower-beds and 
 shrubberies, and embellished with fountains. On both sides of the 
 brook a number of handsome villas have sprung up, and their num- 
 ber is steadily increasing. About 1/4 M. from the theatre, beside 
 the house No. 6, the roads to the Fremersberg and the Yburg (p. 328) 
 diverge to the right; and about ^/-j^i- farther on the road toGunzen- 
 bach (PI. D, 6) also runs off to the right. 
 
 Following the above-mentioned Fremersberg road and then turning 
 to the left we may reach the Saueisberg (930 ft. ; pleasant view from the 
 B i rk en k op f) in V2hr., and the Wliey-cuve Estahlishment (refreshments). V2 M. 
 farther on. — The Gunzenbachthal. with a prettily situated garden-restau- 
 rant and the Gunzenbacher Hof (pension), is interesting to mineralogists. 
 The Leopoldshohe, to the right of the entrance, commands a fine view. — 
 A path leads from the Allee to the top of the Caecilienberg (p. 325). 
 
 About 172 ^- from the Conversationshaus we reach — 
 
 Lichtenthal. — *Bar. with restaurant and pleasant garden, E. about 
 15 Jl per week. D. 2 Jl\ *Lddwigsbad, with a chalybeate spring, D. X Jl 
 80 pf. ; *LowE, "GoLDNES Kkeuz, K. from I'/z, 1>. IV2-2, pens. 5 J/, unpre- 
 tending. — Several Breweries at the entrance to the village. — Omnibus 
 from Baden, starting from the station, to Lichtenthal 4-5 .times daily. 
 50 pf.; from the halting-place near the theatre 30 pf. (after 9 p.m. 50 pf.). 
 
 At Lichtenthal (610 ft.), formerly called Vnter-Beuern, a village 
 with 3620 inhab., is situated the Nunnery of Lichtenthal (to 
 the right, beyond the bridge), which was founded in 1245 by Irmen- 
 gard, grand-daughter of Henry the Lion and widow of Hermann IV. 
 of Baden , and was taken by the Margraves of Baden under their 
 special protection. The convent has escaped the devastations of 
 war and the ravages of time , and is still occupied by Cistercian 
 nuns. The Church, which has no aisles, contains the tomb of the 
 foundress (d. 1260), consisting of a sarcophagus and a fine figure of 
 the Margravine. Adjoining the church and connected with it 
 by an archway is the Todtencapelle (mortuary chapel), built in 
 the Gothic style in 1288, and restored in 1830. It contains tomb-
 
 Gerolsau. BADEN. 46. Route. 325 
 
 stones of Margraves of Baden-Durlach", and altarpieces by the old 
 German master Hans Baldung Grien. The Orphan Asylum, within 
 the precincts of the convent, was founded by the wealthy and bene- 
 volent London tailor Stulz , who was afterwards ennobled. In front 
 of the nunnery is a War Monument for 1870-71. 
 
 The pine-clad Caecilienberg (750 ft.), immediately behind the 
 nunnery, a spur of the Klosterberg (1760 ft.), affords pleasant walks 
 and charming views. Higher up, on the hill between the valleys of 
 Beuren and Gerolsau, rises the Parish Church with its lofty tower. 
 
 On the Seelach (S90 ft.), the opposite height, on the E. side of the 
 Gerolsau (ascended from the nunnery in V2 hr. ; road to the right of the 
 parish-church, footpath to the leftj , stands the villa of Count Krepto- 
 vitch, in the mediaeval style, a fine point of view (restaurant adjacent). 
 
 From Lichtenthal the road ascends the Beuernbb Thal, pass- 
 ing several houses and hamlets, to (II/4 M.) Ober-Beuern (690 ft.; 
 *Waldhom, above the door of which is the laughing head of the 
 late host, a relief by the well-known French sculptor Dantan, 
 d. 1869). The valley now contracts. About 3 M. from the convent 
 the road divides, the main branch, to the left, proceeding by Miillen- 
 bach to Gernsbach and Ebersteinschloss (see pp. 327, 34'2). To the 
 right, on the branch leading to Gaisbach and Forbach (p. 342), is 
 the Gaisbach Fiscicultural Establishment (the '-Fiscftfcuiiur^ ; 875 ft.; 
 *Jnn and Restaurant; adm. to breeding-ponds 30 pf.), situated amid 
 pleasant grounds in a picturesque nook of the valley, and a fa- 
 vourite point for excursions from Baden (omnibus from the Theater- 
 Platz thrice daily in 3/4 hr., 1 Jf). 
 
 Near Lichtenthal, on the S.W., opens the Gerolsau, a pretty 
 grassy valley watered by the Grobbach, and fringed with wood, where 
 (ly.i M.) the village of that name (740 ft.; Auerhahn; Hirsch) is 
 situated. A road leads to the right from Gerolsau by Malschbach 
 (860 ft.) and Neuweier (p. 328) to (6 M.) Steinbach (p. 328). We 
 follow the road to the left. Beyond the village the valley becomes 
 more secluded; 3/4 M. the pretty Gerolsau Waterfall (990 ft.; 
 *Restaurant ; omnibus from the Theater-Platz at Baden twice 
 daily, 1 ^/). 
 
 From the Gerolsau Waterfall a pleasant route leads through wood 
 to (9 M.) Herrenwies, Sand, and Plattig. At the (1 M.) bifurcation the road 
 to the right leads direct to the Plattig (p. 329). We keep to the left; 
 ',2 hr. later the road again forks, but the two branches reunite on the 
 Badener Hohe (3295 ft.; View from the Friedrichsthurni). l'/4 hr. farther on. 
 Herrenwies (p. 329) and Sand (p. 329) are each about iV2 M. farther on ; 
 the path to the latter is indicated by finger-posts. 
 
 The Alte Schloss (1 hr.), lying 1000 ft. above Baden to the N., 
 is reached by a carriage-road (comp. PL C, 2, D, 2, 1 and the 
 Map). From the road, a bridle-path diverges to the right (direc- 
 tion-posts at doubtful points). About halfway is the Sophienruhe 
 (1045 ft.), a projecting rock with a pavilion, beyond which is a 
 fresh spring. 
 
 The *Alte Schloss Hohenbaden (1550 ft. ; *Restaurant with 
 shady terrace) is an extensive structure situated on a buttress of
 
 326 Route 46. BADEN. Alte Schloss. 
 
 the Battert, the walls of which probably date in part from the 
 3rd cent., when the Romans constructed some fortifications here. 
 J'rom the 12th cent, until the construction of the Neue Schloss (p . 322) 
 it was the seat of the Margraves. The so-called Rittersaal dates 
 from the end of the 14th century. Since its destruction by the 
 French in 1689 the castle has been a complete ruin, but the tower 
 has been rendered accessible by steps (10 pf.). The *View from 
 the top embraces the valley of the Rhine from Speyer to a point far 
 beyond Strassburg (not itself visible); in the foreground lies the 
 charming valley of Baden, with its bright villas, its light-green 
 woods of beech and oak, and its sombre pine-forests. 
 
 To the S., on the summit of the Battert (1855 ft.), which may be 
 reached from the Schloss in 1/4 hr. (finger-post), rise the precipitous 
 Felsen ('rocks'), a number of fantastically-cleft masses of porphyry. 
 A good path leads through this chaos of rock , of which the Felsen- 
 briicke , commanding a magnificent view , is the finest point. A 
 picturesque path leads from the Schloss along the foot of the Felsen 
 towards theE., after following which f^r 20-25 min. we may ascend 
 the high-road to the right to (l^/o M.) Ebersteinburg (see below). 
 — From the Alte Schloss we may reach in 3/^ hr., diverging to the 
 left at the Kellersbild, the ^Dreiburgen-Aussicht (hut). 
 
 The route from Baden to (4 M.) Ebersteinburg is by the old 
 Gernsbach road (PI. D, 2), ascending the valley to the E. between 
 the Battert and the Mercurius. On the saddle of the hill (1225 ft.), 
 near which are two rocks known as the Teufelskanzel (1245 ft.) and 
 Engelskanzel (1*280 ft.), the Ebersteinburg road diverges to the left. 
 A little farther on is a finger-post, also on the left, indicating the 
 way to the romantic Wolfsschlucht, through the woods of which we 
 may ascend to the village of Ebersteinburg. 
 
 From the village of Ebersteinburg (1398 ft.; Krone ; Hirsch) we 
 ascend in 10 min. to the top of the isolated eminence which bears 
 the ruins of the castle of *Alt - Eberstein , or the Ebersteinburg 
 (1598 ft.; Restaurant). Fine view from the tower (10 pf.). The 
 castle stands on Roman substructures, and the present edifice dates 
 from the 10-14th centuries. It was once the seat of the Counts 
 of Eberstein, and afterwards came into the possession of the Mar- 
 graves of Baden. 
 
 From the Alte Schloss -at Baden and from Ebersteinburg pleasant 
 paths lead through the woods (comp. 'Map at p. 318; the paths eventually 
 quit the woods) to (6M. from Baden"; 1 M. frum the station of Kuppen- 
 heim) the Favorite (430 ft.), a chateau of the Grand Duke, erected in 1725, 
 in the rococo style, by the Margravine Sibylla Augusta, widow of the Mar- 
 grave Lewis William (d. ITOT), who after the death of her husband su- 
 perintended the education of her sons for nineteen years, and then retired 
 to this spot. The Interior is decorated in the taste of the period and 
 contains a valuable collection of porcelain. Small restaurant. 
 
 The Mercuriusberg, the highest mountain near Baden , may be 
 ascended in IY2 ^r. by one of several different rentes. The car- 
 riage-road diverges on the above-mentioned saddle of tlie hill to
 
 Mercuriusberg. BADEN. 46. Route. 327 
 
 the right from the old Gerusbach road , passes near the Teiifels- 
 kanzel, and leads to the top in long windings in less than an hour. 
 ■ — Pedestrians had better start from the Scheiben-Strasse in Baden 
 (PL C, D, 3), and take the route over the Annaherg (^995 ft.), a 
 spur of the Mercuriusberg. At the top is the reservoir of the Baden 
 waterworks, near which is the Karlshof Inn. with a garden com- 
 manding a tine view : here we turn to the left, through wood (^nu- 
 merous finger-posts). Or we may start from Lichtenthal and ascend 
 across the Schaafberg f 1050 ft.). — The summit of the Mercurius- 
 berg, or Grosse Staufen (2205 ft.), is occupied by a tower 75^ft. 
 in height, which commands a very extensive *View (key at the 
 adjoining inn, 10 pf.). The mountain derives its name from a Roman 
 votive stone found here, and now preserved in a small niche made 
 for its reception. — The above-mentioned carriage-road passes near 
 the summit of the Mercuriusberg, skirts the W. slope of the 
 Kleine Staufenberg (2050 ft.), and at the Mullenbild joins the new 
 road to Gernsbach (see below). Pedestrians may reach Gernsbach 
 from the Mercuriusberg tin 1 hr. via Staufenberg (see below), by 
 taking the path to the E. at the bifurcation of the roads on the 
 Binsenicasen (1695 ft. ; finger-post). 
 
 Fkom Badex to Gkexsbach (p. 330) by the new road via Lich- 
 tenthal and Beuern (p. 325), 8 M. About 3/4 M. from the Pisci- 
 cultural Establishment, the hamlet of Milllenbach (Inn; 1056 ft.) 
 is reached, after which the road ascends very circuitously (pedestrians 
 effect a saving by proceeding straight on from the inn) to the so- 
 called Mullenbild ( 1260 ft.), where it divides into two branches, 
 tliat to the left descending to Gernsbach, and that to the right lead- 
 ing along the hill to Schloss Eberstein (p. 341). — The old road 
 (6M.) as far as the saddle (1225 ft.) between the Teufelskanzel and 
 the Engelskanzel is described on p. 326. Fine view of the Murg- 
 thal in descending. On the right, after about IV4 M., where the 
 road again ascends a little, is the Neuhaus. a solitary inn. The road 
 then descends the hillside to the left to Gernsbach. Pedestrians 
 descend by a steep road to the right about 8 min. beyond the 
 Neuhaus; ^'4 hr. Staufenberg; 72 1^^- Gernsbach. (Comp. the Map, 
 p. 318.)- 
 
 The Fremersbcrg and the Yburg are also reached by two pleasant 
 excursions from Baden. We may either follow the Werder-Str. 
 and Beutig-Str., leading by the left of the Conversationshaus, and 
 passing successively a large new villa in the Dutch Kenaissance 
 style, the Chateau of Count Vitzthum, and (l'/2M.) the Hotel 
 Kaiserin Elisabeth; or we may leave the Lichtenthaler AUee by the 
 Fremersberg-er-Str. (PI. B, 5; p. 324), which diverges to the right, 
 about 1/3 M. from the theatre, and in little more than 1/2 ^^- passes 
 a group of houses known as Thiergarten. About 1/2 M. farther on, 
 1/4 M. from the Hotel Kaiserin Elisabeth, the two routes unite, 
 beside the Restaurant zum Korbmattfelsen. The road then forks, the
 
 328 Routed?. BUHL. 
 
 left branch leading to the Korbmattfelsen (1700 ft.) and the Yburg 
 (see below), and the right through wood to (3 M.) the Fremersberg 
 (1730 ft. ; Inn). Another attractive route ascends from Baden in 
 1^2 lir- P*st the Waldsee. The view from the top commands a wide 
 survey of the Rhine valley. We return by the (2^/2 M. ; 800 ft.) Jagd- 
 haus , with a frequented garden-restaurant commanding a fine 
 view of the Rhine valley, to (33/^ M.) Baden. 
 
 The Yburg lies 3-31/2 M. from the above-mentioned Restaurant 
 zum Korbmattfelsen. Both road and footpaths are indicated by numer- 
 ous finger-posts. The direct road from Baden diverges from the 
 Fremersberger-Str. almost immediately after leaving the Lichten- 
 thaler AUee, and traverses line pine-woods. The ancient Yburg 
 (1695 ft. ; new Inn) was like the Ebersteinburg once a Roman 
 watch-tower. Extensive view of the Rhine valley, best in the 
 morning. From the Yburg to Steinbach (see below), 41/2 M. 
 
 47. From Baden to Freiburg and Bale. 
 
 Comp. Maj)s, pp. 8iO^ 34=6., 352., and 360. 
 
 Railway to Fkeibukg (66 M.) in 2V2-4V4 hrs. (express fares 9 Jl 80, 
 G JJ 95 pf. 5 ordinary 8 Ji 70, 5 Jl 85, 3 Jl 70 pf.); to Bale (105 M.) in 
 4'/2-7V4 hrs. (express fares 1<6 Jl 30, iOJl 95 pf.^ ordinary 13 J^ 85, ^M 
 20, 5 Jt 85 pf.). Finest views to the left. 
 
 Baden, see p. 318. — 21/2 M. Oos, see p. 318. — To the left rise 
 tlie Black Forest Mts. ; in the foreground stands the gray tower of 
 the Yhurg (see above). 41/2 M. Sinzheim. Near (61/4 M.) Steinbach 
 (Stern), on a barren hill to the left, is a red sandstone monument 
 to Erwin, the architect of Strassburg cathedral, supposed to have 
 been a native of Steinbach (d. at Strassburg, 1318). A road leads 
 hence to the E. to (6 M.)the Y'burg (see above). In the valley of the 
 Steinbach, about 2 1/2 M. from the station of that name, lies the 
 village of Neuweier (605 ft. ; *Lamm), with an ancient castle and 
 excellent wine. Hence to Baden, via Malschbach (p. 325), 6 M. ; 
 to the Yburg 41/2 M. — Affenthaler, one of the best red wines of 
 Baden, is produced in the vicinity. 
 
 91/2 M. Biihl (Rabe, Badischer Hof., booth good; Krone, Koch), 
 a thriving place with 3100 inhabitants. The new Gothic church has 
 a handsome pierced spire ; the old church with a tower dating froui 
 the 16th cent., is now the Rathhaus. On the hill to the S. E. rises 
 the ruined castle of Alt-Windeck (1285 ft.; 11/4 br.), with two 
 towers, onc£ the seat of a powerful race which became extinct 
 in 1592. 
 
 About 6 M. to the N.W. of Biihl, and near the Rhine, lies Schwarzach, 
 with a late-Romanesque abbey-church of the 12th century. 
 
 Through the industrious Biihlerthal, which opens here, a road leads 
 past Altschweier, with a new church, and the straggling villages of Unler- 
 Biihlerthal (Griiner Baum) and Lauben to Ober- Biihlerthal (Rebstock or 
 Post; Wolf Inn). A diligence plies from Biihl thrice daily in 50 min. 
 The road forks immediately beyond the Wolf Inn, the left branch leading 
 to Baden via the (3^/4 M.) Schwanenwasen and the (l^M M.) Qerolsau Waterfall
 
 ACHERN. 47. Route. 329 
 
 (p. 525), or, if the road to the right from the Schwanenwasen be taken, to 
 (3 M. more) the Oberplattig (see below) ; the right branch leading via 
 (53/4 M.) Wiede/ifelsen to the (IV2 M.) Sand (see below). We follow the 
 latter, and bevond (1 M.) Schindelpeter, take the footpath to the left, which 
 leads past the"c2V2 M.) Falkenfelsen to the (1 M.) Oberplattig, or (2 31.) Sand. 
 The i*Inns on the Ober-Plattig C2545 ft. ; pens. 5-6 Jl) and on the Sand 
 (2715 ft.), which are connected by a picturesque path (1 M.) through the 
 woods, are favourite summ^er resorts. The Sand lies on a saddle bet- 
 ween the Vorfeldkopf &i2Qii.) and the Mehliskopf (3340ft.; ascended from 
 Sand in about 50 min. ; view-tower on the top). About I1/2 M. to the 
 E. of the latter lies Herrenwies (2420 ft.; -Auerhahn, pens. 4-41/2 J'/), 
 on an irregular plateau surrounded by mountains. — From these three 
 points paths, which unite on the Badener Hohe, lead to (TV2 M.) the 
 Gerolsauer Waterfall and (51/2 SI. farther) to Baden; comp. p. 825. — By 
 the Hundseck (3250ft.; Hotel d; Pension; I1/2 M. from the Sand), with 
 guide to the Hornisgrinde and the Mummelsee (p. 344), 3 hrs. — From 
 Herrenwies to Forbach (p. 342) 31/2 hrs., a pleasant woodland path, through 
 the Schwarzhachihal. 
 
 IIV4M. Ottersweier (445ft.; Sonne; Adler). The Hub, formerly 
 a popular mineral bath, now a poor-liouse, lies II/2 ^^- to t^e E. 
 
 141/2 ^' Achern. — Hotels. Railway Hotel & Restaurant, at the 
 station, well spoken of. In the town, about Va 31. from the station: 
 'Post; Adlek, well spoken of; *Sonne, unpretending. 
 
 Carriages and Omnibus at the station and hotels according to tariff: 
 to Erlenbad 3 J(; Ottenhofen 1 Jt\ to Allerheiligen 16 J^; Brigitten- 
 schloss 12 Jf. 
 
 Baths in the Acher, 20 pf., tickets at the hotels. 
 
 Achern (480 ft.), a thriving little town with 3400 inhah., lies 
 at the mouth of the Kappeler Thai. The market-place is adorned 
 with a monument to the Grand Duke Leopold (d. 1852). The large 
 Lunatic Asylum of Illenau (near Achern) has accommodation for 
 400 patients. Hence through the Kappeler Thai to Allerheiligen, 
 see p. 345 ; diligence to (7 M.) Ottenhofen once daily. 
 
 At Sasbach, IV2 M. to the X. of Achern, the French Marshal Turenne 
 fell in 1675 during an engagement with the Imperial General Montecuccoli. 
 The spot is marked by an obelisk in grey granite, erected by the French 
 government in 1829 on the site of the old monument. 
 
 About 3/4 M. to the E. of Achern lies Erlenbad (520 ft.), a small water- 
 ing-place with thermal saline springs. 
 
 Pleasant walk (1 hr.) past the Erlenbad to the ruins of Neuwiytdeck 
 or Laufer Schloss, perched on a precipitous rock above the village of Laiif. 
 From Lauf by Xeuwindeck and. Breiteiibi'unnen (2663ft.; Inn) or Glashiitte to 
 the top of the Ilornisgrinde (p. 344), 3-3V2 hrs. — The Brigfittenschloss (or 
 Hohenroder Schloss ; 2500 ft.), 6 M. from Achern, is insignificant as a ruin, 
 but commands a noble prospect. Halfway the road passes through Sas- 
 bachwalden (850 ft. ; BadischerHof ; *Rebstock), a beautifully-situated village, 
 above which is the Gaishohle. 
 
 19 M. Renchen, with 2200 inhah., at the mouth of the Rench- 
 thal. — 22 M. Appenweier (450 ft.; Railway Hotel; Krone; Ad- 
 ler), a village with 1500 inhabitants. The railways to Strassburg and 
 to Oppenau (see p. 346) diverge here from the main line (change 
 carriages). 
 
 Fkom Appenweier to Kehl and Strassburg, 16M., railway in 3/4 hr. 
 The line traverses a district rendered marshy by the inundations of the 
 Kinzig^ which falls into the Rhine at Kehl. 3 Jl Legelshwst; 572 M. Kork. 
 
 9 M. Kehl (460 ft.; Post, or Weisses Lamm; Salmen; Blume; Fingado, 
 beer-garden, at the station), a small Badish town (3200 inhab.) with manu- 
 factures of tobacco and paper-hangings, was erected by the French as a
 
 330 Route 47. OFFENBURG. From Baden 
 
 tete-de-pont of Strassburg in 168S, and has often been besieged. During the 
 siege of Strassburg in 1870 the town sustained serious damage. Excellent 
 baths on both sides of the Rhine. Close to the bridge, on the left bank, is 
 the open-air pleasure-resort Rheinlust (p. 277). 
 
 At Kehl the junctinn-line between the Baden and the Alsace railway.? 
 crosses the Khine by an iron bridge , immediately below the bridge-o'f- 
 boats. The train stops at a station near the S.E. gate (Metzger-Thor) of 
 Strassburg, describes a wide circuit to the S; of the town, and enters the 
 large station of (16 M.) Strassburg (see p. 268). 
 
 From Appenvveier to Oppenau^ see p. 346. 
 
 The line now runs parallel with the mountains of the Black 
 Forest. In the distance to the left rises the castle of Staufenberg 
 (1*260 ft.), founded in the 11th cent, by Otho of Hohenstaufen, 
 Bishop of Strassburg, and still in good preservation. It now belongs 
 to Prince Wilhelm von Baden, and is much visited for its splendid 
 view. 241/2 M- Windschlag. 
 
 27 M. Offenbnrg. — Hotels. Railwat Hotel, opposite the station, 
 R., L., & A. 21/2, B. 1 Ji, well spoken of; Foktuna, R., L., & A. 3, B. 
 1 jf, V4 ji from the station; *ScinvARZEii Adler or Post. — RnKiNiscnEK 
 HoF, near the church; Sonne; Och?e, with a cafe', not far from the 
 station. — *Railicay Restaurant. 
 
 • Offenburg (440 ft.), a small town on the Kinzig, with 8500 in- 
 hab., was once an imperial town, and down to the Peace of Press- 
 burg the capital of the district of Ortenau, or Mortnau. It contains 
 a statue of Sir Francis Drake, 'the introducer of the potato into 
 P^urope, 1586,' by Friedrich, a monument with the bust of the 
 naturalist Oken (d. 1851), and a modern Gothic Protestant Church 
 in red sandstone with an open-work tower. The comfortable appear- 
 ance of the town with its numerous industries and well laid-out 
 promenades bears witness to its prosperity. 
 
 From Otyenburg to Hausach. Triberg, and Constance, see p. 349. 
 
 The train crosses the Kinzig. On a hill to the left rises Schloss 
 Ortenberg (p. 349). 321/2 M. Nieder-Schopfheim:, 35 M. Friesen- 
 heim. — 381 2 ]VI^ J)inglingen (530ft.), the junction of a branch-line 
 (7 min.) to Lahr (550 ft.; *Sonne; Pfiug ; Krone'), an industrial 
 town, with 10,800 iuhab., in the Schutterthal, 21/9 M. from the main 
 line. It contains a venerable Abbey Church, a modern Roman Catholic 
 Church, an old Rathhaus, and a War Monument. In one of the sub- 
 urbs, beyond the Christuskirche, is the Villa Jamm, now the public 
 library, surrounded by a public park. — To Biberach, 9 M. , see p. 349. 
 
 41' 2 M- Kippenheim(b^b[ft. ; Anker), a market-town, lying 1/2 M. 
 from the station, was the birthplace of Stulz, the rich tailor (p. 325), 
 and possesses a monument to him. To the right in the distance rise 
 the Vosges. The castle of Mahlberg, on a basaltic hill to the left, 
 above the small town of that name (595 ft. ; Prinz), was once the 
 seat of the old Baden governors. In the middle ages it belonged to 
 the Hohenstaufen family. 
 
 About 2M. to the E. of (44 M.) Orschweier (545 ft.; Krone) lies 
 Ettenheim^ at the entrance to the MUnsterthal, with a conspicuous 
 church. 
 
 A melancholy interest attaches to this village as the spot where the
 
 to Bdle. FREIBURG. 47. Route. 331 
 
 Due d'Enghien was arrested by order of Napoleon on the night of 14th 
 March, 1804, to be shot at Vincennes six days later. 
 
 Farther up the valley lies (1V2 M.) St. Landolin, a small, pleasantly- 
 situated watering-place. 
 
 46 M. Ringsheim; 471/9 M. Eerbolzheim. Beyond (491/0 M.) Ken- 
 zingen the line crosses the Elz twice. Above Hecklingen are the 
 ruins of Lichtenegg, once a seat of the Counts of Tiibingen. 
 
 At (521 2 },{.') Riegel (590 ft. ; *Zum Kopf) the Dreisam unites 
 with the Elz. The entire plain here was formerly a marsh, but is now 
 drained by the Leopolds-Canal. Riegel lies at the N.E. base of the 
 Kaiserstuhl, a basaltic hill-district about 42 sq. M. in area, and 
 entirely planted with the vine, which rises from the plain in up- 
 wards of forty peaks between the Dreisam and the Rhine. 
 
 541/2 M. kondringen. On the hill, the ruined castle of Landeck. 
 
 — 57 M. Emmendingen (*Post or Krone; Adler)^ with two modern 
 churches. Beyond it, on a hill to the left, are (3>I.} the extensive 
 ruins of the Hochburg, dismantled in 1689 by order of Louis XIV. 
 
 The train now crosses the canalized Elz. 60 J/. KoUmarsreuthe. 
 
 — 61 M. Denzlingen ; branch-line to Waldkirch, 5 M., see p. 357. 
 The Glotterbach is then crossed, the pretty wine-growing valley 
 
 of which extends to the foot of the Kandel (to Oberglottenbach, 
 41/2 M., omnibus twice daily ; Sonne Inn). — Near Freiburg, on the 
 left, stands the watch-tower of the ruined castle of Zdhringen, once 
 the seat of a powerful race, which became extinct in 1218 by the 
 death of Count Berthold V. (p. 334). The train now passes a large 
 prison, on the left, and reaches — 
 
 66 M. Freibtirg. — Hotels. Near (he Station: ^Zahringek Hof (PI. a), 
 opposite the station, R., L., & A. from 21/2. B. 1 uJJ20pf., D. 3 J?, with 
 a 'de'pendance'' ; *H6tel Victoria, Eisenbahn-Str.. next door to the Post 
 Office. Pt. & A. 2V2, B. 1 UK; Trescher zcm Pfalex (PI. c), *Hotel de 
 l'Europe, near the station. — In the Town: *£xgel(P1. c), Engel-Str.. near 
 the Munster. R. 1V2-2 ./'/, B. 80 pf.; =Romischer Kaiser (PI. h), beside the 
 Martinsthor (p. 336); *H6tel Foehrenbach (PI. b), R. 2, B. 1, D. 21/2 Jl, 
 these two in the Kaiser-Str. ; Freiburger Hof, a large new house outside 
 the Martinsthor; Wilder Mans (PI. 0, Salz-Str. 6; "Hotel Geist (PL g), 
 opposite the W. portal of the Munster. R. 1 1/2 Jl- — Rheikischer Hof (PI. i) ; 
 Markgrafler Hof , Gerberau : Germania , outside the Schwabenthor. — 
 'Pension Utz ^ Werder-Str. 8; Pension d- Hdtel Garni Thom^mn. corner of 
 Werder-Str. and Belfort-Str. ; Roseneck, corner of Rosa-Str. and Rotteck- 
 Platz ; Pensicrn Zahn, Ludwigs-Platz 1; Pension Bellevue, Dtuiscfier Kaiser, 
 both on the road to Giinthersthal and well spoken of. A large new hotel 
 is being built opposite the station ofWiehre (p. 336), and another outside 
 the Schwaben-Thor. 
 
 Restaurants & Cafes. Kopf, adjoining the Engel (PI. c), well supplied 
 with newspapers, with old-German drinking-room and garden, D. from 
 11 '2^; Alte Burse, Berthold-Str. 5; "Wiener Cafi^ Franziskaner, both near 
 the war-monument ; ffechinger, Salz-Str. 7 ; Thomann, opposite the Allee- 
 Garten; RommeVs Schlosschen, above the Schwabenthor (view). — "Wine at 
 -Vogcl's, Munster- Platz; Dieisch-Hetierich, Salz-Str. Quncheon rooms). — 
 Confectioner. Wolfinger, Kaiser-Str. 
 
 The Stadt-Garten, with fine grounds, good restaurant, large hall 
 (PI. 12) for concerts, and an aquarium, is a favourite resort. Annual sub- 
 scription 10 J( ; for 6 weeks 3 J(y one day 20 pf. ; adm. to concerts in the 
 evening 50 pf.. on Sun. 30 pf.
 
 332 Routed?. FREIBURG. From Baden 
 
 Tramway from the Station through the Bert.hold-Stra?3e andSalz-Strasse 
 lo the Schtoabenthor and Naigelesee , and through the Kaiser-Strasse to 
 Giintersthal and the Kybburg. 
 
 Baths at the Zahringer Hof, in the garden of the Pfau , and at the 
 Marienbad^ Marien-Str. Swimming Baths on the Drgisam and at the Lo- 
 rettoberg. 
 
 Cabs. From the station info the town (one-horse), for 1 pera. 50, 2 pars. 
 90, 3 pers. IJif 20, 4 pers. iJi 40, luggage 20 pf. — In the Town: 1/4 br., one- 
 horse, for 1-2 pers. 50, 3-4 pers. 90 pf., two-horse, 70 pf., 1 Jl; 1/2 hr. 
 l.«, 1^^50, lj'/40pf., or 2J'/; 3/4 br. 1^-/50, 2 Jl, 2 Jf, 2 JST 80 pf. ; 
 
 1 hr. 2Jl, 2Jl 50, 2 M ^0 . ?, Jl 40 pf. — To Loretto, one-horse, 1 Jl 70, 
 
 2 Ji 60 pf. ; two-horse 8 Jl, 3 J( 80 pf. ; to Kappel 3 Jl 50 , i Jf 50, i Ji 
 00, 5 J( 50 pf. ; to the Schlossberg ('Kanonenplatz') , two-horse , 3-4 Ji ; 
 to Giintersthal, i J( 50, 2 Ji, 2 JSf 60 pf., S Ji. Longer drives also ac- 
 cording to tariff; two-horse carr. about 20 Ji per day with fee of 2 »^ ; 
 comp. p. 347. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Office (PI. 14), Eisenbahn-Strasse. 
 
 United States Consular Agent, Mr. Felix S. B. Johnson. 
 
 English and American Chapel, Kaiser-Str. 51 ; services on Sun. at 7.45 
 (H. C), 10.30, 2.30, and 3.30. Chaplain: Rev. E. J. Treble, A. K. C, Les- 
 sing-Str. 8- 
 
 Principal Attractions. The traveller should follow the Eisenbahn-Str. 
 from the station through the town as far as the Kaiser-Str., then turn 
 to the right, follow the Salz-Str. to the Schwabenthor, and ascend the 
 Schlossberg, a walk of 25 minutes. On the way back cross the Karls-Plat/. 
 to the Miinster and Kmifhavs (exterior only of the latter), traverse the 
 broad Kaiser-Strasse (Fountains, War Monument, Protestant Chtirch). and 
 return to the station by the Friedrichs-Strasse. The best *View is obtained 
 from the Lorettoberg by evening-light (cab from the station and back in 
 1-1 V2 hr.). 
 
 Freiftwrp (920 ft.), situated in the Breisgau, 11 M. from the 
 Rhine, vies with Baden and Heidelberg in the beauty of its en- 
 virons. The mountains of the Black Forest, the picturesque hills 
 in the vicinity, the populous and fertile plain, bounded by the 
 vine-clad Kaiserstuhl , and the lovely valley of the Dreisam , all 
 combine to render the situation highly attractive. 
 
 The town owes its origin to Duke Berthold IT. 0/ Zdh ring en, who found- 
 ed it about 1091, and it remained in possession of his successors till the 
 line became extinct in 1218. For over 400 years Freiburg belonged to the 
 House of Hapsburg; it suffered much in the Thirty Years' War; in 1677 
 it was taken by the French, fortified by Vauban, and confirmed to them 
 by the Peace of Nymwegen in 1678; by the Peace of Eyswyck in 1697 it 
 was given back to Austria, but captured by Villars in 1*713, after an 
 obstinate defence. It was again restored to Austria by the Peace of Rastatt 
 in 1714, plundered and to a great extent destroyed by the French in 1745, 
 and then, after the destruction of the fortifications, once more made over 
 to Austria by the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748. The Breisgau , an 
 hereditary possession of the house of Austria, of which Freiburg was the 
 capital, was annexed to Baden by the Peace ofPressburg in 1806, and the 
 town thus restored to the representatives of the house of Zahringen, by 
 which it was originally founded. 
 
 Freiburg is the chief city of the upper Rhenish province of 
 Baden, and since 1456 has been the seat of a university, now attended 
 by about 1200 students, and since 1827 of an archbishop whose 
 see comprises the church of the Upper Rliine. Population 48,800, 
 including about 16,000 Protestants and 1000 Jews. Silk, chicory, 
 pottery, buttons, machinery, etc., are largely manufactured in and 
 around the town, which is also the chief market for the productions
 
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 to Bdle. FREIBURG. 47. Route. 333 
 
 of the Black Forest. The streets are supplied with streams of pure 
 water from the Dreisam, which gives them an agreeable freshness 
 in summer, and the town is surrounded with a girdle of pretty 
 promenades and villas. Freiburg is indeed one of the pleasantest 
 towns in Germany, and its inhabitants have long been noted for 
 their good-nature and courtesy. It is much patronised as a residence 
 by retired North German officials. 
 
 The railway-station is connected with the town by the Eisen- 
 bahx-Strasse, which passes the handsome Post Office (PI. 14) and 
 the Monument of Rotteck, the historian (d. 1840; PI. 3). Crossing 
 the Werder-Str. , which leads to the right to the Allee-Garten 
 (p. 336\ and the Rotteck-Platz, which diverges to the left, we 
 reach the Fbanziskanee-Platz, in which stand the Gothic Church 
 of St. Martin (PL 11), the interior of which has been restored, with 
 its simple cloisters, the Rathhaus, of 1218, also lately restored and 
 adorned with frescoes, and the quaint Old University, now occupied 
 by a clinical institute. In the centre of the square is a statue of 
 the Franciscan Berthold Schwarz (PI. 4), the inventor of gunpowder 
 (1330; at Freiburg), as the reliefs indicate. Closeby intheBerthold- 
 Str. is the New University, formerly a convent. 
 
 We next reach the broad and handsome Kaiser- Str as se, 
 which intersects the town from N. to S. In the centre rises an 
 old ^Fountain of the late-Gothic period, embellished with a num- 
 ber of old and modern figures. To the S. of it is a modern foun- 
 tain with a statue of Berthold III., and inscriptions to the memory 
 of that prince, the law-giver of Freiburg (1120), of his brother 
 Conrad, the founder of the cathedral (1123), of Archduke Albert 
 (see below), and of Charles Frederick of Baden, the 'Nestor of 
 princes', in whose honour the fountain-column was erected in 1807. 
 To the N., in the same street, is another modern fountain, with a 
 statue of Archduke Albert, the founder of the university (1456). A 
 little farther on is the War Monument, p. 335. 
 
 The Miinstergasse leads straight to the W. portal of the cathe- 
 dral, in front of which rise three lofty columns bearing poor statues 
 of the Virgin, St. Alexander, and St. Lambert, the patron-saints of 
 the cathedral. 
 
 The *Cathedral (Miinster), the tower of which is the earliest 
 and most perfect of its kind, is one of the finest Gothic build- 
 ings in Germany, and has justly been admired from a very early pe- 
 riod. The church, which is constructed entirely of dark-red sand- 
 stone, was begun at a period when the Gothic style had not as yet 
 become naturalised in Germany. We accordingly find that tlie 
 transept with the side-towers, the oldest part of the edifice, are in 
 the Romanesque style. From the transept the work was continued 
 towards the W., so that the tower was not begun till the end of 
 the 13th century. While the form of the nave and aisles resem- 
 bles that of the contemporaneous cathedral of Strassburg, it is ob-
 
 334 Route 47. FREIBURG. From Baden 
 
 vious that the architects found it difficult to bring them into har- 
 mony with the style of the older transept. The resemblance between 
 the two cathedrals has given rise to the conjecture that both may 
 have been partly designed by the same architect. After the com- 
 pletion of the nave and aisles, the construction of the choir was 
 begun in 1354 by Johannes of Gmiind, but it was not completed till 
 the beginning of the 16th cent. (ISIB). The most artistic part of 
 the whole building is the Tower, which is 380 ft. in height. The 
 three bold and simple stories at once reveal their structural signi- 
 ficance : the massive square basement, the lofty octagonal bell-tower, 
 and the airy pyramid of perforated masonry, which the octagon, both 
 in form and ornamentation, serves harmoniously to connect with the 
 square base. 
 
 In the side of the tower is the Principal Portal, adorned with 
 rich sculptures, dating from about 1270-1301, and recently restored. 
 On the right side are the seven Arts and the Foolish Virgins, on the 
 left the Wise Virgins and several figures from the Old Testament 
 looking forward to the Redemption. On the wall of the portal are 
 statues of Judaism and the Church, and representations of the Salu- 
 tation, the Annunciation, andthe Adoration of Christ. In the segment 
 of the arch is portrayed the further history of the Saviour down to 
 his return at the Last Day. Around the whole building are niches 
 containing statues of saints, fathers of the church, prophets, and 
 allegorical figures. The S. Portal is unfortunately disfigured with a 
 portico of the 17th century. 
 
 The *Intekioe (354 ft. long, 102 ft. wide, 85ft. high), consisting 
 of nave and aisles, transept, choir and ambulatory, with magnificent 
 ancient and modern stained-glass windows, is most impressive. It 
 has been recently restored. The best time to visit it is after 10.30 
 a.m. (the sacristan, Miinster-Platz 29, admits visitors to the choir ; 
 fee 50 pf.). 
 
 Nave. The Pulpit, executed by Jerg Kemp/ in 1561, is said to be hewn 
 out of a single block of stone. The Twelve Apostles, by the pillars, are 
 somewhat rough specimens of sculpture. — The arch at the intersection 
 of the nave and transept is embellished with a fresco by L. Seitz, executed 
 in 1877, and representing the Coronation of the Virgin. — The screen 
 was constructed in the 17th cent, by Jacob Altermadt. 
 
 S. Aisle (right). The rose-window in the W. wall and the four first 
 windows on the side contain good stainedglass of the 15th cent. The 
 fifth window on the right is modern (1820-25; after Diirer). Below this 
 window is the tombstone (14th cent.) with high-relief of Berthold V. of 
 Zahringen, the last of his line (d. 1218). In the Holy Sepulchre Chapel the 
 Saviour on a sarcophagus: beneath it the watchmen of the sepulchre asleep, 
 old sculptures dating from the beginning of the 15th century. — The windows 
 of the N. Aisle are also modern, but neither they nor the modern marble 
 statues of prelates beneath them, are highly successful works of art. 
 
 The Transepts are inartistic additions "of the 18th cent., from which 
 period the rood-loft also dates. The carved wood-work of the side-altars 
 is old. That on the right with the Adoration of the Magi, executed in 
 1505, is the finest. 
 
 Choir. At the entrances on the right and left, reliefs of dukes 
 Berthold III. and IV. , Conrad III. , and Rudolph of Zahringen. On the
 
 to Bale. FREIBURG. 47. Route. 335 
 
 wall (right) a monument of Gen. de Rodt (d. 1743). — ^High-altar-piece by 
 Hans Baldung Orien (1516): in the centre. Coronation of the Virgin be- 
 tween God the Father and Christ, to the right St. Peter and other saints, 
 to the left St. Paul and some warriors -, outside, the Annunciation, Visi- 
 tation, Nativity, and Flight into Egypt. The carved reredos and episcopal 
 throne are modern. — Choir Chapkls. The stained glass (L528-42) in these 
 chapels is damased ; in the 2nd Chapel on the left the originals have been 
 replaced by careful copies. — Altarpieces: 1st Chapel. Winged picture, in 
 the centre SS. Augustine, Anthony, and Rochus, SS. Sebastian and Christopher 
 on the wings , master unknown. — 2nd (Vniversity) Chapel. Holbein the 
 Younger, Nativity, and Adoration of the Magi, painted about 1520, brought 
 hither from Bale" after the Reformation ; the paintings on the outside are of 
 later date and little value. Next to it, the Portrait of a priest, dated 1600. 
 Near it are memorial-stones to former professors. The stained glass is 
 modern. — At the back of the bigh-altar-piece, a winged picture by Hans 
 Baldung Grien of the -Crucifixion , on the left St. Jerome and John the 
 Baptist, on the right St. George and St. Lawrence. The chapel to the left 
 behind the high-altar contains a Romanesque Crucifix in silver-gilt (11th 
 cent.), brought from Magdeburg. — The second chapel on the left contains 
 an Adoration of the 15th cent.,^ in carved wood, with Gothic framework. 
 — In the third chapel is a modern altar. 
 
 '■' TowEE (p. 334). Entrance in the church to the right of the portal ; 
 ticket 20 pf., fee to custodian 40 pf., who also shows the mechanism of the 
 clock, made by Schwilgue in 1S51 (comp. p. 273). 
 
 The Kaufhaus, or Merchants' Hall (PI. 10), opposite the S. 
 portal of the Miinster, was erected in the 15th century, and has re- 
 cently "been restored. In front is a vaulted round-arched portico, 
 resting on five pillars, and ahove it a balcony vrith two projecting 
 turrets, covered with coloured tiles and painted arms in relief; on 
 the outer wall, four small statues of emperors of Germany. — The 
 Kornhalle, on the N. side of the Miinster-Platz, contains a hand- 
 some concert-hall. 
 
 A little to the S. of the Kaufhaus stands the Theatre (PI. 17). 
 Adjacent is an old Augustine Convent, now converted into a school 
 and containing the Municipal Collection of Antiquities. This com- 
 prises a few Roman and numerous mediaeval antiquities from the 
 neighbourhood of Freiburg (altar-pieces and gospels from the 
 convent of Adelhausen), fine axes from Jutland and other pre- 
 historic objects, and a numismatic cabinet (adm. free on Sun. and 
 holidays, 11-1 ; at other times, fee). — The Palace of the Crown- 
 Prince (PI. 7) is in the Salz-Str. 
 
 In the N. part of the Kaiser- Strasse, opposite the Infantry Bar- 
 racks (PI. 9], built by the Austrian Government in 1776, rises a 
 large War Monument, erected in 1876 to the 14th German Army 
 Corps and its leader, General von Werder. It consists of a large 
 granite pedestal, surrounded by figures of soldiers, and surmounted 
 by a bronze figure of Victory, by C. F. Moest. — A little farther 
 on is the Romanesque Protestant Church, erected by Hixbsch 
 in 1839 with materials from the ruined abbey-church of Thennen- 
 bach. Richly-ornamented portal. Interior simple and chaste, with 
 paintings by Dilrr. — In the Albert- Str., farther on, are the 
 handsome buildings of the Medical and Scientific Faculties of the 
 university. To the E. lies the Old Cemetery. Farther to the S.E. is
 
 336 Route 47. FREIBURG. From Baden 
 
 tlic Schlossberg (see below), which we may ascend. Adjacent is the 
 Stadtgarten (p. 331). 
 
 The Kaiser-Strasse ends, to the S., In the Martinsthor (PI. 20), 
 on the wall of which is represented St. Martin sharing his cloak 
 with a beggar. — By turning to the right (W.) and following 
 the Belfort-Strasse we reach the Alleegarten, pleasantly laid 
 out, and embellished with an artificial waterfall, the three genii 
 above which represent the three tributaries of the Dreisam and the 
 industries carried on on their banks. Opposite rises the Realschule, 
 with sculptured groups by Knittel in the pediment. A little to the 
 N. is a Monument to General Werder, by Knittel. Hence to the S. 
 over the bridge to the Loretto Cliapel and Giintersthal, see below. 
 On the Schwabenthor (PL 21) is an ancient fresco, representing 
 a Swabian peasant driving a heavily-laden wagon. 
 
 From the Schwabenthor a broad path to the left leads through 
 vineyards and past the reservoir of the town-waterworks to the 
 ♦Schlossberg (1490 ft.), once defended by two castles, which were 
 destroyed by the French in 1744, during the Bavarian War of Suc- 
 cession. The ruins are surrounded with pleasure-grounds. Above 
 the so-called 'Kanonen-Platz', where a road from Immenthal joins 
 ours, we reach the Ludwigshohe, on which are a pavilion and an 
 iron indicator of the places visible hence. The view, particularly of 
 Freiburg itself and of the valley of the Dreisam, is very fine. 
 Morning-light most favourable. — The shortest way back to the 
 town leads from the Kanonen-Platz through a gate, passing JRommeis 
 Schlosschen (beer -saloon); another leads by the 'Kreuz' (wine- 
 restaur.) and Gut Schoneck (milk) to the Stadtgarten (p. 331). A 
 third but longer path leads from the Kreuz to the N.E. to the 
 (21/2 M.) Jdgerhduschen (fine view), from which the traveller may 
 return to (IV2M.) Freiburg by the suburb of Herdern. 
 
 Other pleasant promenades lead X.E. to (I'A hr.) «. Oltilien (1515 ft.), 
 with a chapel and inn-, and to the (1^/4 hr.) Rosskopf (.2425ft.), with an 
 iron belvedere, and thence to the Jdgerhdicschen (see above) or to the 
 castle of Ziihringen (p. 331). 
 
 Within the last 20 years an attractive residential suburb has 
 sprung up atWiehre, on the left bank of the Dreisam. The station 
 of that name (p. 358) lies about .1/2 M. from the bridge. 
 
 On the other side of the railway, to the S.W., 1 M. from the 
 bridge, rises the Lorettoberg (1090 ft.), with a chapel dating from 
 1657, and a view-tower. Yiew best by evening-light. 
 
 The Environs of Freiburg are well shaded with pleasant woods, through 
 which numerous paths have been constructed, affording many beautiful 
 walks. Comp. Map, p. 332. 
 
 From Wiehre a shaded path skirts the foot of the wooded hill to 
 (IV2M.) theWaldsee, with a line park, a good garden-restaurant (concerts), 
 etc. Thence to Littenweiler (p. 358), iVa M. 
 
 Between the Lorettoberg on the W. and ihe Broinberg on the E. lies the 
 charming 'Gunteesthal. At the entrance to the valley footpaths diverge 
 to the left from the road, and lead along the wooded slopes of the Brom- 
 berg. About 2 M. up the valley lies Giintersthal (Hirsch; Zum KybfeUen), 
 with an old monastery, now converted into a brewery. About IV2 M.
 
 to Bale. BREISACH. 47. Route. 337 
 
 farther on is the Kyhhurg Hotel (pens. 6 Jf)., wlience we may return through 
 the beautiful pine-forests on the S.W. side of the valley to the Loretto- 
 berg and Freiburg. Attractive paths lead through the woods, both from 
 the entrance of the Giintersthal. near the Villa Afitschevlich^ and to the 
 S. and E. from the Giintersthal to the Kyhfelsen (2750 ft. ; view) , 7 M. 
 from Freiburg. 
 
 Pleasant excursions may also be made to St. Ottilien (1515 ft.), a chapel 
 and inn IV4 hr. to the N.E. ; then to the Rosskopf (2265 ft.), with iron 
 view-tower, in 1^/4 hr., and thence to the Jagerhduschen (p. 336), or the 
 castle of Zdhviiigen (p. 33i). 
 
 The *Schau-ins-Land, or Erzkasten (4220 ft.), the nearest of the higher 
 mountains of the Black Forest, commanding a similar view as the Blauen 
 (p. 366), may be ascended in 41/2 hours. The best route leads by Giintersthal 
 (p. 336), beyond which we follow the road through the picturesque valley 
 watered by the Bohrerbach to the M.) Bohrer restaurant, to which also 
 carriages can ascend. The route divides here (tinger-post) : to the left a 
 path to the Schauinsland leads by the Scogendobel; a better and shorter 
 path ascends to the right along the margin of the wood, past a forester's 
 house and through the Diessendobel, nearly to the saddle (1 hr.) and thence 
 past a refuge-hut and the Luisenfelsen (fine view) to the (1 hr.) Ratthaus, 
 a small but good inn. lUmin. below the summit. 
 
 About 3/4 hr. to the S. of the summit, is the Halde (3840 ft.), a group 
 of houses with a good inn. Thence to the Nothschrei (p. 358j, 1 hr. ; from 
 it direct to the Feldberg, 2V2 hrs. — The Belchen lies 31/2 hrs. to the S.W. 
 of the Schau-ins-Land ; footpath via the Hornle and the Wiedener Eck (p. 368). 
 — Both the Feldberg and the Belchen are good points from which to ex- 
 tend our mountain-expedition : from the Feldberg to the Belchen, via the 
 Nothschrei and the Wiedener Eck (see above), 12 M. 5 from the Belchen to 
 the Blauen, 12 M. 
 
 From Fkelburg to Colmab, (28 M.). Railway in 1V4-2'/) hrs. 
 (fares 3 Jl 55, 2 Jl 35, 1 .// 50 pf.). 
 
 The line traverses the Mooswaid, a marshy tract, crosses the 
 Dreisam Canal, and turns to the W., between the undulating slopes 
 of the Tuni-Berg on the left, and the Kaiserstuhl (p. 331) on the 
 right. 5 M. Hugstttten; l^j^ M. Gottenheim ; 91/2 M. Wasenweiler ; 
 111/4 M. Ihringen (Ochs). 
 
 14 M. Alt-Breisach (626 ft.; Deutscher Kaiser, or Post; 
 Salmen), the Roman Mans Brisiacus, a picturesque old town, with 
 3100 inhab., situated on the extreme S.W. spur of the vine-clad 
 Kaiserstuhl, lies at the foot of a rock rising precipitously to a height 
 of 240ft. above the Rhine. 
 
 As lately as the 10th cent., the Rhine is said to have flowed round 
 the town, which was anciently an important fortress and regarded as the 
 key of Germany. After 1331 it belonged to Austria; in 1638 it was taken 
 after a long siege by the Swedes under Bernhard von Weimar; after his 
 death garrisoned by the French ; in 1700 again in possession of Austria; 
 in 1703 taken by Tallard and Vauban; and in 1714 restored to the Aus- 
 trians. In 1740 a change in the course of the Ehine proved so detrimen- 
 tal to the fortifications, that they were abandoned and partly demolished 
 by the Austrians, and then completely destroyed by the French in 1793. 
 The Rheinthor bears the following plaintive inscription , dating from the 
 time when the disunited Germans felt their inability to repel the attacks 
 of the French : — 
 
 Limes eram Oallts, nunc pons et j'anua fio; 
 Si pergunt, Gallis nullibi limes erit! 
 
 On the highest point in the town (745 ft.) rises the Minster of St. 
 Stephen, a cruciform edifice, now being restored. The choir, supported 
 
 Baedeker's Rhine. 12th Edit. 22
 
 338 Route 47. MULLHEIM. From Baden 
 
 by an open substructure, the S. tower, and theW. half of the nave 
 are Gothic, dating from the 14th cent. ; the transept and N. tower 
 are Romanesque. It contains a beautiful rood-loft of the latter part 
 of the 15th cent., and a large Gothic winged altar-piece in carved 
 wood, executed in 1526 by Hans Lievering(?3, representing the 
 Coronation of the Virgin. Two large pictures in the choir by Diirr, 
 1851. The treasury contains some interesting works of art. Fine 
 view from the terrace. — In the ^ ScUlossgarten' is a tower erected 
 in honour of Colonel Tulla, an officer of engineers. To the S. rises 
 the Eckardsberg, with fragments of an old fortress. 
 
 The railway now crosses the Rhine by means of a new iron 
 bridge. — 16 M. Neu-Breisach , a small fortress, constructed by 
 Vauban in 1703, and taken by the Germans in 1870, after a siege 
 of eight days. 221/2 M. Sundhofen. — 28 M. Colmar^ see p. 283. 
 
 From Freiburg to Bale (39 M.). Rail\Nay in i^l^-1^l\ hrs. 
 ffares 5 Ji, 3 ei? 30, 2 M 10 pf. ; express - fares 5 Ji 70, 4 Jl, 
 2 Jl 80 pf.). The train skirts the vine-clad W. spurs of the Black 
 Forest. Stations St. Georgen and Schallstadt. — 91/2 ^1* Krotzingen 
 (Badischer Hof, at the station; Rossle, in the village 1/2 ^l- from the 
 railway ; diligence to Staufen, p. 367). — The small town of (13 M.) 
 Heitersheiin (740 ft. ; Adler, Kreiiz), once the seat of the Master 
 of the Maltese Order, is 3/^ M. from the station. To the E., 41/2 M. 
 up the valley (diligence twice daily), lies the town of Sulzburg 
 (1115 ft. ; Hirsch) , prettily situated amidst wood; 3 M. farther on 
 is Bad Sulzburg (1515 ft. ; plain but good accommodation), 6^/4 M. 
 from Badenweiler (p. 364). — 15 M. Buggingen. 
 
 18 M. MuUheim. — Hotels. Bahnhofs- Hotel, at the station, with 
 garden and restaurant. — In the town: Schwan, well spoken of; Neuk 
 Post; Lowe. — "Railway liestaurant. — Omnibus to Badenweiler, see p. 364. 
 Travellers arriving late are recommended to pass the night at Miillheim, 
 as the hotels at Badenweiler are often full. 
 
 Miillheim (880 ft.) is a thriving little town of 3200 inhab., with 
 new Prot. and Rom. Cath. churches, lying on the hillside, 1 M. 
 from the station, and extending for about 1 M. up the valley of the 
 Klemmbach, through which runs the road to Badenweiler. It is 
 noted for the Markgrafler wine produced in the neighbourhood. — 
 Branch-railway to Miilhausen, see p. 287. 
 
 191/2 M. Auggen (Bar), vpith a handsome church; 21 M. 
 Schliengen (845ft. ; Krone; diligence to Kandern, p. 366, 51/2 M., 
 twice a day). The line now approaches the Rhine, which is here 
 divided by islands into several arms. Best views to the right. 24 M. 
 Bellingen; 26 M. Rheiniveiler ; 28 M. Kleinkems. 
 
 Then three short tunnels through the ^Isteiner Klot%' , a lime- 
 stone cliff overhanging the water, to (30 M.) Jsteln, a picturesque 
 village with a chateau of Baron Freystedt. 31 M. Efringen-Kirchen. 
 The construction of the line, which winds along the hillside high above 
 the river, is an object of interest between Bellingen and Efringen.
 
 to Bale. BALE. 47 . Route. 339 
 
 Beyond [3372^^0 Eimeldingen (880ft.)the train crosses the Kander; 
 line view. 35 M. Haltingen; 36 M. Leopoldshohe, whence branch- 
 lines diverge to the right to St. Ludwig (p. 287) and to the left to 
 Lorrach (p. 369). The train now crosses the Wiese, and stops at 
 the station of (39M.) Klein-Basel, ^/-j^^- from the Rhine-bridge, 
 and connected with the central station at Bale by a junction-line. 
 
 £&Ie. — Hotels. -Drei Konige, on the Rhine, R. 3-5, L. & A. 
 11/2 fr.; -HuTEL EuLER, *ScHWEiZERHOF, '\Natioxal. etc, near the central 
 station. — In the town: Metropole; Wilder Mann ; Storch; Hotel 
 Central; Krone, Bellevde, both on the Rhine; Post. — At Klein- 
 Basel: Hotel Krafft, Kreuz, both on the Rhine; Basler Hof, Schrie- 
 L)ER, near the station. 
 
 Bale (870 ft.), the capital of the canton Basel-Stadt (pop. 70,000), 
 and a busy commercial place, is first mentioned in 374 as Basilea. 
 In the middle ages it was a free city of the empire, and in 1501 it 
 became a member of the Swiss Confederation. The *Munster was 
 erected in the Gothic style in the 13th and 14th cent., on the site of 
 an older Romanesque building, of which theW. portal still remains, 
 and was consecrated in 1363. The towers were not completed till 
 1500. In the interior (sacristan 1/2 fr.) are some very fine pieces of 
 sculpture (monuments, rood-loft) of the 12-15th centuries. In the 
 building adjoining the church is the interesting Mediaeval Collec- 
 tion (apply at Miinster-Platz 13). On the first floor is the Council 
 Hall, so named from the convocation which sat in the cathedral from 
 1431 to 1448, which contains the remains of the celebrated Basel 
 Dance o/" Deaf /t (1439). The cloisters date from the 14th and 15tli 
 centuries. Extensive view from the Pfalz, a terrace behind tlie 
 Miinster. The *Museum (open daily, fee 1 fr.), in the street lead- 
 ing from the Munster to the bridge, is chiefly valuable for its col- 
 lection of paintings and drawings by Holbein the Younger (b. at 
 Augsburg 1497, d. at London 1543), who lived at Bale in 1515-26 
 and 1528-32. There are also a number of good works by modern 
 painters (Vautier, Calame, Girardet, etc.). Bale contains several 
 other interesting buildings, such as the Rathhaus of 1508, and the 
 Spahlenthor, built in 1400, formerly one of the town-gates. For 
 farther details see Baedeker's Switzerland. 
 
 48. The Black Forest fDuc/11/ 0/ Baden). 
 
 Pedestrian Tour of eleven days from Baden. 1st. Ebersteinschloss, 
 Forbach, Schonmiinzach (p. 342). — 2nd. Hornisgrinde , Mummelsee, 
 Allerheiligen (p. 345). — 3rd. Oppenau, (drive to) Griesbach, (walk to) 
 Holzwalderhohe, Rippoldsau, Schapbach (p. 354). — 4th. Wolfach, railway 
 to Triberg (p. 350), Furtwangen. — 5th. Simonswald, Waldkirch, Denz- 
 lingen, railway to Freiburg (p. 331). — 6th. Freiburg and environs — 
 7th. Railway through the Hollenthal to the Titisee; ascent of the Feld- 
 berg (p. 360). — 8th. St. Blasien, Hochenschwand (p. 372), by the Alb- 
 strasse to Albbruck. — 9th. Railway to Brennet, Wehr (cavern at Hasel), 
 Todtmoos (p. 370). — 10th. Prag, Schdnau, Belchen (p. 367). — 11th. Baden- 
 weiler and environs (p. 364). 
 
 Of all the wooded districts of Germany, none presents so beau- 
 
 22*
 
 340 Route 48. ROTHENFELS. Black Forest 
 
 tiful and varied landscapes as the Black Forest, especially the W. 
 portion, belonging to Baden, the spurs of which decline pre- 
 cipitously towards the plain of the Rhine, whilst the E. slopes 
 are more gradual. The Kinzigthal (p. 349) divides the mountains 
 of the Black Forest into two portions , which are also distinct in 
 regard to their geological formation: viz. the Lowbr Black Forest 
 to the N. , consisting chiefly of variegated sandstone , and cul- 
 minating in the Hornisgrinde (3825 ft. ; p. 344); and the Upper 
 Black Forest to the S., in which granite and gneiss predominate, and 
 of which the Feldberg (4900 ft.; p. 362), the Herzogshorn (4650 ft. : 
 p. 362j, the Belchen (4640 ft.; p. 367), and the Barhalde (4330 ft.) 
 are the highest mountains. The lower heights are covered with 
 fragrant pine - forests , while the populous valleys are generally 
 fertile and well-cultivated. Numerous mineral springs have given 
 rise to a number of little watering-places, which offer tempting 
 retreats, and good inns are found in various other places. Charges 
 liave risen of late years, so that living, even in the remotest dis- 
 tricts, is no longer so remarkably cheap as formerly. (The following 
 is the average scale : R. i^l^-IJl, B. 60 pf. to 1 Jl, D. i^l^-I^I^Ji-) 
 The staple commodity is timber, which is floated down the prin- 
 cipal streams to the Rhine , where larger rafts are constructed and 
 navigated to Holland. The great timber-merchants, locally called 
 'Scliift'er', have been for centuries formed into the so-called 
 'Schiffergesellschaften' (p. 341), whose profits are divided in shares 
 termed 'Stamme'. Their extensive forests are known as 'Schiffer- 
 wald' in contradistinction to the 'Herrschaftliche Wald', or private 
 property. The chief branch of industry in the Black Forest is clock- 
 making, while straw-hats, brushes, and wooden wares are also 
 largely manufactured. In this prosperous district beggars are un- 
 known. To German scholars the charms of the Black Forest will be 
 much enhanced by a perusal of the AUemannische Oedichte of Hehel. 
 
 a. From Rastatt to Gernsbach and Allerheiligen. 
 Murgthal, Hornisgrinde , Mummelsce. 
 
 Two Days. 1st. Railway to Gernsbach., see below (or from Baden to 
 Gernsbach on foot, 6 or 8V2 M., comp. p. 327) ; thence to Forbach 10 M. 
 (or from Baden to Forbach direct 12 M. , see below), Forbach to Schon- 
 miimach 7 M. 5 2nd. Schonmiinzach to the summit of the Hornisgrinde 4V2 
 hrs. , down to the Mummelsee 1/2 hr., Seebach 1 hr., Ottenhofen 1 br., and 
 thence over the hill to Allerheiligen V/2 hr. (or from the Mummelsee by 
 the Eckle, Wilde See, and Jiuhstein to Allerheiligen, 4 hrs.; in all 8V2-9 hrs. 
 
 From Rastatt (p. 318) to Gernsbach, 91/2 M., railway in 41 
 min. (fares 1 J^ 50, 1 Ji 20, 75 pf.). 2V2 M. Kuppenheim, a small 
 town with 2000inhab., on the left bank of the Murg, which is here 
 spanned by an iron bridge. The Fo'uorite (p. 326) lies 1 M. to the S.W. 
 
 The line continues in the valley of the Murg, here upwards of 
 3M. in width. — 5M. Rothenfels, with a small chateau of Princess 
 Sophia of Lippe-Detmold, a mineral -spring (Bath-house, pens. 
 5 Jf) and well-kept grounds. 61/4 M. Gaggenau; 8 M. Hordten.
 
 Black Forest. GERNSBACH. d8. Route. 341 
 
 9V2 ^' Crernsbach. — Station below the town on the right bank of 
 the Murg. — Hotels. Kiefernadelbad, pine-cone baths and hotel, above 
 the village; adjacent, Waldhacschen, well spoken of. — *Stern, *Krone, 
 R. IV2-2, D. 2, pens, from 4 Jl ; Lowe (R. & A. IV2 Jl, B. 40 pf.), well spoken 
 of; Wilder JIann, near the station, on the right bank of the Murg, both 
 unpretending but well spoken of; Adlee, — In Scheuern, 1/4 M. above 
 Gernsbach : Stern ; Aoerhahn. — Lodgings obtained by application to the 
 'Cur-Comite'\ Bleich-Str. 20. 
 
 Carriages (no authoritative tariflf) to Schloss Eberstein, with two 
 horses 6 »^, fee i M, with one horse 4 Jl, fee 70 pf. ; to Baden direct 
 10 Jf, fee 1 Jf 40 pf., or 1 Jf, fee IJf; to Baden via Schloss Eberstein 
 12 Jf, fee IV2 Jl, or 8 Jf, fee i Ji ; to Forbach 10 Jf, fee 1 Jf 20 pf., 
 or 6V2 Jf, fee 1 Jt; to Schonmiinzach 18 JiJ, fee 2 Jf, or 12 Jf, fee 
 l'/2 Jf; to Wildbad 30 Jf, fee 4 Jf, or 20 J?, fee 3 Jt. At night a fare 
 and a third. 
 
 Diligence to (13V2 M.) Schonmiinzach in 3V2 hrs., and to (27 M.) 
 Freudenstadt in 31/4 hrs. more, twice daily in summer. 
 
 Gernsbach [690 ft.), the terminus of the railway from Rastatt 
 (p. 318), on the Murg, is an ancient a nd thriving little town, with 
 2700 Inhab., and now frequented as a summer-residence. It is the 
 headquarters of the 'Murgthalschiffer-Gesellschaft', a company whicli 
 has been established for centuries and owns about 16,000 acres of 
 forest (comp. p. 340). The Rathhaus, -with its corner-oriel, built 
 in 1617, is a good example of the Renaissance style. The Protestant 
 Church contains the tombs of several Counts of Eberstein. 
 
 From Gernsbach to Herrenalb, 8 31., diligence daily in 2 hrs., via 
 (3 M.) Loffenau (Adler; Stern), a long village, with a modern Gothic church 
 of red sandstone. In the middle of the village a path to the right leads 
 to the Teufelsmiihle (2985 ft.), a conspicuous hill to the right. The sum- 
 mit (iV2 hr.) commands a beautiful view. From Loffenau the road as- 
 cends to the (2V2 M.) Kdppele, shortly before which a finger-post indicates 
 the way to the (IV2 M.) Heulopf. which commands another fine view. From 
 the Kappele to Herrenalb is a descent of 2V2 M. Pedestrians effect a con- 
 siderable saving by following the footpath to the Kappele, which diverges 
 about 100 paces beyond the church (finger-post). 
 
 Herrenalb (Sonne; Ochs or Pott, unpretending; Bellevue; Waldhorn ; 
 fitern ; Falkenstein, pens, from J(; Dr. Mermagen'e Hydropathic ; apartments 
 in several villas), a village with 60C> inhab., frequented on account of its 
 equable and some-what moist climate. The once celebrated Benedictine 
 abbey, founded by a Count of Eberstein in 1143, was destroyed by the 
 Swedes in 1642. The church contains the tomb of the Margrave Bernhard 
 of Baden (d. 14^31), with a recumbent figure. In the churchyard are remains 
 of cloisters of the 12th cent., with round arches supported by small columns, 
 containing tombs of the abbots. The portal towards the road is of the 
 15th century. In the distance, farther down the Albthal, the suppressed 
 &hh&j oi Frauenalb is seen on a rocky eminence. Pleasant walk of20min. 
 to the Falkenstein, a huge granite rock rising from the valley. Diligence 
 to Ettlingen (I2V2 31. ; see p. 318) twice, and to Neuenbiirg (14 31. ; p. 312) 
 thrice daily. 
 
 From Herrenalb to Wildbad, 831. We may either follow the easy new 
 road, which diverges beyond the Ochs Inn : or (somewhat shorter) follow 
 the telegraph-wires via (4 31.) Dohel (Sonne; Waldhorn; extensive view 
 from the Signal, 2340ft., 1/4 31.), beyond which the wires soon enter the 
 wood. — WUdbad, see p. 312. 
 
 From the road ascending the valley of the Murg (p. 340), at the 
 upper end of Gernsbach a road diverges to the right to (lY2M.)Scliloss 
 Eberstein (1015 ft.), founded in the 13th cent., afterwards destroyed, 
 and in 1798 rebuilt under the name of ' Neu - Eberstein . Pedestrians
 
 342 Route 48. FORBACH. Black Forest. 
 
 may choose the path diverging from the road 5 min. farther on, at 
 the KUngelkapelle, and ascend by the cliff of Grafensprung (view 
 temple). The castle is delightfully situated on a wooded eminence, 
 high above the Murg. It contains ancient relics, weapons, armour, 
 etc., and in one of the apartments pictures of the 16th century. The 
 beautiful and extensive view embraces the picturesque Murgthal, 
 upwards nearly to Raumiinzach, and downwards as far as the Rhine 
 valley. 
 
 Pedestrians may reach Baden from Schloss Eberatein in 23(4 brs. by 
 the road mentioned at p. 327, via Miillenbild, Obel•be^^e^n, and Licbtcn- 
 tbal. Carriages take IV2 br. Tbe road leads tbrougli fine woods. 
 
 A footpath descends from the castle to the S. to Obertsroth 
 (lUume, D. 3 c//), 1 M. from Gernsbach, on the Murgthal road. 
 At (1 M.) Hilpertsau the road crosses the Murg. 
 
 The Murgthal between Gernsbach and Schonmiinzach is wild 
 and beautiful. The slopes are richly clothed with wood. As far as 
 Schonmiinzach the rocks consist of granite, huge blocks of which 
 lie scattered about; beyond it the formation is gneiss, whence the 
 smooth, rounded aspect of the slopes. Variegated sandstone also 
 occurs. The valley then widens and loses much of its peculiar 
 charm. It is seen to the best advantage in descending. 
 
 21/2 M. (from Gernsbach) Weissenbach (635 ft. ; '''Gruner 
 Baurri), with a modern Gothic church of red. sandstone. The hamlet 
 of Au lies picturesquely on the left bank of the Murg. The valley 
 becomes narrower and wilder (tunnel) ; 21/2^^1- Langenhrand (870 ft.; 
 Ochs); IV2M. (?aws6ac/i (nValdhorn). Near (3/4 M.) Forbach the 
 road crosses the Murg by a lofty iron bridge. 
 
 Forbach (1090 ft. ; Griiner Hof, near the new bridge ; Krone or 
 Post, a little farther ; Hirsch, Stern, by the old bridge), a thriving 
 village (1500 inhab.), with a picturesque Romanesque church 
 built in 1889 on a hill, is the finest point in the valley. 
 
 Tbe Direct Route from Baden to Forbach (12 M.) follows the high- 
 road at the Piscicultural Establishment (p. 325; 41/2 M. from the Con- 
 versationshaus in Baden) to (''2 M.) Gaisbach and (IV2 M.) Schmalbach , 
 beyond which we take the path through the woods, indicated by finger- 
 posts, surmounting the hill, to (4V2 M.) Bermersbach (1360 ft.). We may 
 now either ascend to the right at the second fountain in the village, or 
 proceed to the inn (Blume) beyond the church, and thence follow the path 
 through the woods (the villagers will show the beginning of the path) 
 to (IV4 M.) Forbach. 
 
 Fkom Forbach to IIerkenwies (p. 329), 4 brs., a lonely but easily 
 traced forest path past the Herrenwieser See. 
 
 Beyond Forbach the Murgthal, although more secluded, con- 
 tinues grand and beautiful. About halfway to Schonmiinzach , at 
 the village of liaumiinzach (Griiner Baum), the river of that name 
 falls into the Murg; 1 M. above the confluence the former is 
 augmented by the Schxcarzbach ; below the 'Fallbriicke' is a pictures- 
 que waterfall. A road leads through the valley of the Schwarzbach 
 to (10 1/2 M.) Herremvies (p. 329). 
 
 14 M. Schonmiinzach (1495ft.; Glashiitte or Post, D. 2, pens.
 
 Black Forest. EUHSTEIN. 48. Route. 343 
 
 41/2-5 UJT, well spoken of; Waldhorn, B., L., & A. 2 J/, B. 80 pf.; 
 Schiff), the first village in Wiirtemberg, contains a glass-work, and is 
 a favourite summer-resort. The Schdnmiinzach faUs into the Murg 
 here. To the Hornisgrinde, see below. Numerous walks in the woods. 
 Carriage to the Eckle 14, to Ottenhofen 20, to Allerheiligen 28 J/. 
 
 The Murg, 11/2 M. beyond Schonmiinzach , penetrates a preci- 
 pitous wall of rock, beyond which the valley loses its wild character. 
 The village of Schwarzenberg (Ochs) on the height to the left com- 
 mands a pleasant view; on the right Hutzenbach- then (2^/4 M.) 
 Schdnengrilnd (Inn), whence a road leads to the N. by Besenfeld 
 and Urnagold to Enzklosterle (*Waldhorn), and through the Enzthal 
 to Wildbad (p. 312). On this road, 3/^ M. from Schonengriind, are 
 situated the scanty remains of the chateau of Konigswart. 
 
 The next village in the Murgthal is (8^/4 M.) Reichenbach 
 (*Sonne, also a 'pension'), with a suppressed Benedictine abbey, 
 founded in 1082; the church is a flat-roofed Romanesque basilica 
 with a W. portico. 
 
 23V-2 M. Baiersbronn (1910 ft.; Ochs; HirscK), a considerable 
 village at the confluence of the Murg and the Forbach. The road 
 following the course of the latter passes the government -foundries 
 of Friedrichsthal and Christophsthal, and leads to (41/2 M.) Freuden- 
 stadt (p. 355). Attractive promenade to the Sankenbach FaUs. 
 
 About 1/4 M. from Baiersbronn, the Murgthal road crosses first 
 the Forbach and then the (i/4M.)Murg, thereafter skirting the left 
 bank of the latter. From (3 M.) Mittelthal (*Tannenberg , pens. 
 31/2 «///; Lamm) a road leads to the left by the Elbachthal to the 
 (41/2 M.) Kniebis , joining the road described at p. 347 near the 
 Schwedenschanze. About 11/9 M. farther up the Murgthal, into 
 which several brooks descend from the Kniebis, are the Schwan 
 Inn and the hamlet of Tannenfels, opposite which is the ruin of 
 that name, situated on a precipitous rock in a wild gorge to the right. 
 We then soon reach the first houses of Oberthal , whence a road 
 (1 V4 M. from the 'Schwan') diverges on the left through the valley 
 of the Recfde Murg to the (II/.2M.) large Buhlbach Glasshouse (*Inn). 
 The road continues to ascend, forming long windings towards the 
 saddle between the Alfe Steigerkopf (3580 ft.) and the Vogelskopf 
 (3475 ft.), to (6 M.) the Euhstein (3020 ft.), on which is *Klumpp's 
 Inn, visited as a summer-resort (pretty walks; to the Wilde See and 
 Allerheiligen, see p. 344). We then descend again (several fine 
 views) into the valley of the Acher. Lastly we pass the * Wolfs- 
 brunnen Inn (pens, from 4' 2 J^, where there is a finger-post in- 
 dicating the way to the Mummelsee (3/^ hr. , p. 344), and reach 
 (3 M.) Seebach] in all about 5-51/2 hrs. from Baiersbronn. 
 
 To THE HoENisGBiNDE AND MuMMELSEE two roads lead from 
 Schonmiinzach (see above), the Baden road on the left bank of the
 
 344 Route 48. MUMMELSEE. Black Forest. 
 
 Schonmiinzach, and tlie Wurtemberg road on the right. Following 
 the latter, which diverges at the Schiff Inn, beyond the bridge, we 
 reach (3 M.) Zwkkgabel (Inn), cross the brook, and ascend to the 
 right along the Langenbach , which at Zwickgabel unites with the 
 Schonmiinzach. The road then passes (11/2^10 Vorder-Langenbach, 
 and at (2^/4 M.) Hinter-Langenbach (Auerhahn) ascends to the left. 
 
 About 1/4 ^i> farther on Is a way-post, Indicating the route to 
 the (31/2 M.) Wilde See [see below) and (12 M.) AUerheiligen. The 
 road now ascends more rapidly to the (3 M.) Eckle (3115 ft.), the angle 
 of a wood, with a refuge-hut on the saddle of the mountain, where 
 a stone marks the boundary between Wurtemberg and Baden, and 
 a view of the Vosges is obtained. The road descends to the left to 
 the road from Baiersbronn to Seebach (see p. 343 and below). 
 
 From the Eckle we may reach AUerheiligen in 4 hrs. by following the 
 boundary-stones towards the S.E., passing the picturesque, isolated Wilde 
 See (2990 ft.) and the Ruhstein (p. 343), and then descending to the S.W. 
 by the Melkereikopf. 
 
 TiTREE Paths here enter the wood. That most to the right leads 
 to the S.E. , and forms the boundary between the above-men- 
 tioned states. That to the left leads to (25 min.) the Mummelsee, 
 turning to the right after 10 minutes. A steep path ascends along 
 the boundary-stones. We follow the path to the right of the latter, 
 which leads past the Drei-Furstenstein, bearing the arms of Baden 
 and Wurtemberg , to the (1 hr.) bare and marshy summit of the 
 Homisgrinde (3825 ft.), the massive tower on which (refuge-hut), 
 22 ft. in height, may be ascended by a ladder. The view is exten- 
 sive, but frequently shrouded in mist: to the E. the Swabian Alb 
 and peaks of the Hohgau ; S. the heights of the Black Forest, and 
 beyond them even the Alps (comp. p. 362); S.W. the Kaiserstuhl 
 (p. 331) and Vosges ; W. the vast plain of the Rhine; nearly oppo- 
 site rises the spire of Strassburg, and on a mountain in the fore- 
 ground the extensive ruins of the Brigittenschloss (p. 329); N. the 
 mountains around Baden. 
 
 From the Hornisgrinde a stony path descends in windings to the 
 S.W., and after ^/ohr. reaches the Mummelsee (3385 ft.), a gloomy 
 little lake, surrounded by pine-clad mountains, and popularly believed 
 to be inhabited by water-sprites. By the Seebach, the brook issuing 
 from the lake on the S., is a new Inn (also pension). 
 
 From the Mummelsee we descend by a winding footpath to the 
 (20-25 min.) road from the Eckle, which we follow to the right to 
 the (25 min.) Baiersbronn and Ruhstein road (p. 343), reaching it 
 at the inn Zum Wolfsbrunnen. About 11/4 M. farther on we come to 
 Hinter-Seebach (Adler). A way-post opposite the 'Adler' indicates 
 a path with steps leading to (2 hrs.) AUerheiligen; and others are 
 placed at doubtful points. On reaching the summit, after a stiff 
 climb of 3/4 tr., we keep to the right. The road at first traverses 
 extensive tracts of debris, commanding a view of the valley of the 
 Rhine, and then descends tlirough forest.
 
 Black Forest. OTTENHOFEN. 48. Route. 345 
 
 The village of Voider - Seebach (lower part 1175 ft,, upper 
 1620 ft.; Krone; HirscK) lies on the high-road, l^/o^l^- heyond 
 Hinter- Seebach , and extends along the road for a considerable 
 distance. Then (3/4 M.) Hagenhrucke (to the Edelfrauengrab, see 
 below), and (8/4 M.) Ottenhofen. 
 
 b. Allerheiligen and Buttenstein "Waterfalls. 
 
 Comp. Map, p. 340. 
 
 Two Days. 1st. From Achern to Griesbach, 24 M., better by carriage ; 
 2nd. To Wol/ach, 24 M. — Or the traveller may accomplish this tour 
 in one day as follows : From Achern to Ottenhofen by carriage in 13/4 hr. 
 (diligence' at 9 a.m.); walk to Allerheiligen 13/4 hr. , from the inn to the 
 foot of the falls V2 hr. ; then drive to Griesbach 2V4 hrs. ; walk over the 
 Holzwalder Hohe to Rippoldsau 2 hrs. •, drive (omnibus twice daily) to 
 Wolfach 23/4 hours. 
 
 From Oppenau (p. 347) Allerheiligen is reached in 3 hours. 
 
 Achern (p. 329) is the starting-point for this tour. The road to 
 Allerheiligen leads through the Kappeler Thai, a pleasant, green 
 dale watered by the Acher (to the left on the hill, the Brigitten- 
 schloss, p. 329), past the vUlages of (1/9 >10 Oberachern and (3 M.) 
 Kappelrodeck (*Ochs; Erbprinz; Linde), the latter of which is com- 
 manded by the chateau of Bodeck, dating as far back as the 8th cent., 
 and recently altered and restored, with fine grounds and riews (for 
 adm. apply to the gardener). 
 
 The road then ascends by the course of the Acher to (3 M.) — 
 
 67.2 M. (from Achern) Ottenhofen (1020 ft.; *Linde, moderate; 
 *Pflug, D. 2 ^/; *Engel, pens. 3' 2 «^^: Wagen), a prettily-situated 
 village, forming suitable head- quarters for a number of pleasant 
 excursions. 
 
 From Ottenhofen to Allerheiligen by the Edelfrauengrab and 
 the Blochereck (2V4 hrs.), a very attractive walk. In front of the church 
 turn to the left, then follow the footpath immediately to the right, and 
 the road to the left higher up . which diverges from the road to Aller- 
 heiligen at a point about 300 yds. beyond the church. After 10 min. follow 
 the middle road in a straight direction, traverse the pretty Gottschldgthal (Inn), 
 cross the brook several times, and finally ascend by steps to the (20 min.) 
 Edelfrauengrab ('grave of the noble lady) , a very insignificant grotto to 
 which a romantic legend attaches. The environs are very picturesque, 
 especially the road ascending beyond this point past the numerous pretty 
 cascades! Then (1 hr.) Blochereck. beyond which the wood is traversed, 
 and the new road soon reached (see below); V2 hr., Allerheiligen. — 
 Travellers coming from Seebach (see above) may diverge to the left at the 
 Hagenbriicke, beyond the Edelfrauengrab, 3/4 M. before reaching Ottenhofen, 
 
 The road from Ottenhofen to Allerheiligen ascends the TJnier- 
 wasser-Thal towards the S. to the (21/4 M.) Erbprinz Inn. Here 
 the new road describes a wide curve in the valley towards the 
 left, while the old road ascends the steep slope on the right, on 
 the summit of which the roads again unite. Fine retrospective 
 views from the new road; IY2 ^l* from the Neuhaus a way -post 
 indicates the way to the Edelfrauengrab by Blochereck (see above). 
 From the top of the hill (from which a short-cut descends by steps 
 to the right) the road descends in windings to (21/4 M.) *Aller-
 
 340 Route 48. ALLERHETLIGEN. Black Forest. 
 
 heiligen (2035 ft.), the first glimpse of which is very striking. The 
 ruins of the Praemonstratensian ahbey, founded by the Duchess 
 Uta of Schauenhurg in 1196, secularised in 1802, and partly de- 
 stroyed by lightning in 1803, occupy almost the entire breadth of 
 the wooded dale. The Inn is often fuU (R. & K. IJt 20 pf.) ; the 
 Gasthof zum Wasserfall, 1/2 M- f'"*^"^ t^^e lower end of the falls, 011 
 the road to Oppenau, belongs to the same landlord. 
 
 Immediately below the monastery is a rugged cleft in the rocks, 
 formed by an earthquake, through which the Griindenhach is 
 precipitated into t"he valley beneath over blocks of granite in 
 seven falls, called the 'Sieben Biitten' (seven cauldrons), or ""Biit- 
 tenstein Falls, some of them 50 ft. in height. A good path, cut 
 through the rock at places, descends by the falls to the (20 min.) 
 bottom of the valley, 300 ft. below. From the second 'Rondel', or 
 platform , the double fall is best surveyed. The waterfalls , the 
 picturesque accessories of which form their chief attraction , arc 
 seen to most advantage in ascending from the valley below. The 
 best way of approaching them is, accordingly, to take the footpath 
 to the 'Louisenruhe, Engelskauzel, and Teufelsstein', which di- 
 verges to the right of the barn, opposite the new Logirhaus, and 
 leads through wood to the (V2 hr.) road at the foot of the falls ; then 
 ascend the path to the Q/o hr.) Iim. 
 
 From Allerheiligen to Eippoldsau direct (5 hrs.) over the Kniebis 
 (guide unnecessary, way -posts everywhere). We may either ascend by 
 the Rofhe Schliffkopf (3460ft.), with a belvedere, and the Uteincnnauerk ; 
 or we mav take the path which diverges to the left at a finger-post ('Zur 
 Zufluchf)"on the way to the falls, a few yards from the inn, and runs 
 through wood for the first hour; farther on, an extensive prospect is enjoyed, 
 embracing the plain of the Rhine, Strassburg, and the Vosges Mts. ; 272 hrs. 
 Refuge (see below) by the Schwedenschanze ; 1 hr. Kniebis; IV2 hr. Rippolds- 
 au (p. 354). A shorter route thither leads from the Alexanderschanze : 
 follow the Griesbach road for 1/2 M., then enter the wood to the left; after 
 20 min. more , where the path divides , select that descending rapidly to 
 the right. 
 
 From Allerheiligen to Oppenau, 2V2 hours. The carriage-road affords 
 the shortest and best route. As above mentioned, it passes at the foot of 
 the waterfalls, crosses a bridge to the left, and follows the bank of the 
 Lierbach (as the Griindenbach is now called), high on the slope of the 
 hill. At the Kreuz Inn, near Oppenau, the Kniebis-Strasse and the road 
 to (3 M.) Antogast (p. 347) diverge to the left. 
 
 From Allerheiligen* via. Sdlzbach to Hubackeu (2 hrs.), sec below. 
 We descend by the waterfalls to the road, which we ascend for '/4 M. to 
 a stone fingerpost on the right, indicating the way over the Bvaunberg to 
 (3 M.) Sulzbach. 
 
 From Allerheiligen to Oberkirch (see below), across the Sohlberg, in 
 3 hrs., a pleasant but somewhat steep route (numerous finger-posts). 
 
 c. Eenchthal Eailway. Kniebis Baths. 
 
 Railway from Appenweier to Oppenau, 11 M., in 50-59 min. (fares 
 1 Jl 90, 1 M 50, 95 pf.). 
 
 Appenweier, see p. 329. The train ascends the Renchthal to 
 (21/2 M.) Zusenhofen. — 01/2 M. Oberkirch (Linde, "^'Ochs , with 
 shady garden, pens, at both 4 jSf ; *G'oWener Adler , good wine;
 
 Black Forest. OPPENAU. 48. Route. 347 
 
 Schtoarzer Adler ; beer at Brauns), situated in an extremely fertile 
 district on the slope of the hill, at the entrance to the narrower 
 Renchthal. About 1 M. farther down the valley, to the right of 
 the line, is the boldly-situated ruined castle of Fiirsteneck. About 
 21/4 M. to the left of Oberkirch lie the ruins of Schauenburg, 
 whence a fine view is obtained; Von Haberers Hollhof is another 
 good point of view. — 7V-2 M- Lautenbach (705 ft. ; *Schwan, Kreuz, 
 Stern), with an old church containing an interesting screen, lady- 
 chapel, and stained-glass windows. — 9 M. Hubacker, station for 
 Sulzbach, a small bath 1^ M. to the N. (pens. 5 „//), with a saline 
 spring (70° Fahr.); from Sulzbach by a picturesque road via the 
 Braunberg to Allerheiligen, l^j^ hrs. (uphill), see above. 
 
 11 M. Oppenau. — Hotels. *Stahlbad, *Alte Post or Engel, belong- 
 ing to the same owner, pens. 4-5 Jl\, ♦Goldenek Adlek, E. 1 Ji 20 pf.-, 
 HiHsCH ; OcHS ; FoRTUNA, at the station, unpretending. — Tacbe, with 
 mineral baths, IV2 M. from Oppenau, on the road to Allerheiligen (see 
 below). — Hotel zom Fisken, see p. 348. 
 
 Diligence to (5 M.) Petersthal and CTV2 M.) Griesbach thrice daily in 
 summer. An Omnibus from the Renchthal Baths meets the trains. 
 
 Oppenau (880 ft.), a busy little town, with 1900 inhab., is fre- 
 quented as a summer-resort. 'Kirschwasser' is largely manufactured 
 here. In the market-place is a War Monument. — A conspicuous 
 belvedere near the town commands an excellent view ; it is reached 
 in 20-25 min. by passing the N. side of the church, to the left of 
 the 'Turn-Platz', and after about 350 paces taking the footpath on 
 the left, which at first ascends in steps. 
 
 Close by the Oppenau station the high-road divides, the right 
 (S.) branch being the Renchthal road (see below), and the left(E.) 
 arm leading to the Kniebis. The latter passes through Oppenau. 
 — Immediately beyond the town the road to (3 M.) Antogast 
 ( 1585 ft. ; Huber), one of the Kniebis Baths , charmingly situated 
 in the pretty Maisachthal , and known as early as the 16th cent., 
 diverges to the right; the road in a straight direction leads to Aller- 
 heiligen (see above). Footpath to (2 hrs.) Griesbach (see p. 348). 
 
 The Kniebis Road ascends the Bossbiihl from Oppenau in 
 windings (pleasing retrospects) to the (6 M.) Schwab en schanze 
 ('Swabian intrenchment'), an ancient earthwork; 1/4 M. to the S. 
 is the Schwedenschanze (road to Baiersbronn, see p. 343); near it, 
 the inn *Zur Zuflucht (3150 ft.). About U/.j M. farther is the 
 grass-grown Alexander schanze (*Inn), on the summit of the Kniebis 
 (3195 ft.), where the Renchthal road joins ours (see below). At the 
 inn Zum Lamm (3060 ft.), 11/4 M. farther, another road diverges, 
 leading to Rippoldsau (p. 354) by the Baden village of Kniebis and 
 the E. side of the Holzwalder Hohe. The Kniebis road then leads 
 by the Wurtemberg village of Kniebis (*Ochs) along the left bank of 
 the Forbach, which rises in the vicinity, to (Jo^/a M.) Freudenstadt 
 (p. 355).
 
 348 Route 48. GRIESBACH. Black Forest. 
 
 The road continuing to ascend the valley of the Rench (diligence 
 see p. 347) passes through a small part only of Oppenau, and leads 
 southwards to the 'Kniehis Baths' of Freiersbach, Petersthal, and 
 Griesbach. Near (IY2 M.) Ibach is the picturesquely -situated 
 Gasthaus zum Finken (pens. 4^//). — 3^/4 M. Locherberg (Pflug). — 
 41/4 M. Bad Freiersbach (1260 ft. ; ^Meyer's Hotel, with baths, D. 
 2,/// 10 pf.), with sulphureous springs, situated in a pretty dale, en- 
 closed by lofty hills. (The village of Freiersbach is in the Freiers- 
 thal, 34 M. to the S.E. of Petersthal.) Then (8/4 M.) — 
 
 5 M. (from Oppenau) Petersthal. — Hotels. *Bar;BadischerHof; 
 Hiksch; *Stahlbad, with baths. Dr. Kimmig's Hotel and Baths, at the 
 upper end of the village, often crowded, bath 1 Jl, towels extra, D. 3 Jl. 
 Numerous private apartments. 
 
 Petersthal (1320 ft.), the most important of these small watering- 
 places, occupies a sheltered situation, embellished with well-kept 
 grounds. The four springs contain iron and carbonic-acid gas. The 
 baths, which were known in the 16th cent., are frequented by about 
 1400 patients annually. 
 
 A beautiful route leads hence to the E. through the Freiersthal into 
 the Schapbachthal (p. 354). We take the road to the left at the Hotel 
 zum Baren in Petersthal, and reach the top of the hill in IV4 houi-. 
 Pedestrians may reduce the distance by crossing the stream to the right 
 at a point 1/2 br. from Petersthal, and ascending a steep path through 
 forest in an easterly direction. A few paces farther on we take the 
 narrower path to the right. In 8 min. it passes obliquely across the 
 carriage-road, which it rejoins in 8 min. more. A way-post indicating 
 the road to Schapbach stands on the road- side 150 paces farther on. 
 After reaching the culminating point we descend through the picturesque 
 Wildschaphachthal to (IV2 hr.) Schapbach (p. 354). 
 
 A pleasant footpath leads from Petersthal to Antogast (p. 347) in 
 2 hrs., passing the hamlet of Z>6«e^6ac^ _on the road-side; at the telegraph- 
 post numbered 485 we ascend through'the covered gateway. 
 
 The Renchthal now turns to the N.E. In 2/4 hr. we reach — 
 
 71/2 ^1- (from Oppenau) Griesbach (1625 ft. ; several Curhduser; 
 Adlerhof~), possessing a chalybeate spring, which has been highly 
 valued for 200 years. Most of the patients [i 100 in number) are ladies. 
 
 The road through the Renchthal (diligence once daily) now 
 ascends in windings to the Kniebis, the summit of which is reached 
 at the (41/2*^0 Alexanderschanze. Hence to Rippoldsau or Freuden- 
 stadt, see p. 347. 
 
 Footpath from Griesbach to Rippoldsad, 2 hours. We follow the 
 road just named for 3/4 M. from the Griesbach Baths and quit it at a point 
 where it bends sharply to the left, keeping straight on for a few paces 
 farther and then by a stone finger-post taking the broad track provided 
 with benches which leads to the left through the wood. The path to 
 the Teufelskanzel diverges to the right V2 hr. farther on. About 5 min. 
 below the top is the -Sophien-Ruhe', affording a fine retrospect of the 
 Griesbach Valley. The highest part of the route is called the Holzw&lder 
 Hohe (3005 ft.), where the path for several hundred paces is nearly level. 
 It then descends gradually in long windings, passing after a few paces a 
 flight of steps on the left, used for the timber-traffic, to the (8/4 hr.) Knie- 
 bis Road (p. 347), which leads us to (1 M.) Rippoldsau fp. 354).
 
 Black Forest. HAUSACH. 48. Route. 349 
 
 d. Schwarzwald Railway from OflFenburg to Constance. 
 
 Comp. the Maps. pp. 346 and 352. 
 
 113 M. Railway in 5-6 hrs. (fares 14jSf3o, 9.50, 6.10; by express iGJi 
 30, 11 UK 50 pf. ; -Aussichtswagen', see below). 
 
 The 'Schwarzwald Railway , opened in 1878. is one of the most 
 striking in Germany, both in point of scenery and construction. The 
 most interesting part is that between Hansach and Villingen (pp. 349-352). 
 Carriages constructed so as to command a view in all directions ('Au.''- 
 sichtswagen) are attached to the express-trains between Offenburg and 
 Singen, and may be used by second-class passengers on payment of 1 Jf 
 extra; tickets are obtainable at Oflenburg, Hausach, Triberg, Villingen, 
 and Singen, or from the guard of the train. The line attracts numerous 
 travellers, and the inns at Hausach, Hornberg, Triberg, and other pictur- 
 esque points are often full. 
 
 Offenburg, see p. 330. — The line traverses the populous and 
 fertile Kinzigthal, a valley enclosed by gently-sloping mountains. 
 3 M. Ortenberg (Krone), above which, on a vine-clad hill, rises the 
 chateau of ^Ortenberg, built by Eisenlohr in 1834-40 on the site 
 of an ancient stronghold destroyed by Marshal Crequi in 1668. 
 
 61/4 M. Gengenbach (580 ft. ; Adler ; Sonne'), with 2700 inhab., 
 an independent town down to the Peace of Luneville, still exhibits 
 traces of its former importance in its walls, gates, and towers, 
 although most of the buildings have been erected since the de- 
 struction of the town by the French in 1689. The handsome old 
 Benedictine Abbey, to which the town owes its origin, Avas also 
 formerly independent of all external jurisdiction. 
 
 91/2 ^l^- Schonberg. — II1/4M. Biberach (Krone; Sonne), at the 
 mouth of the Harmersbach. On the latter, 2^1-2 M. distant, lies the 
 thriving village of Zell (Hirsch ; Lowe), with 1500 inhab.; the valley 
 there divides into the Unterharmersbachthal and the Nordrachthal, 
 tlirough both of which are roads leading to the Renchthal (p. 348). 
 
 From Biberach to Lahr (9 M.) a road leads by Schonberg , a solitary 
 inn, whence it descends through the Schutterthal by Reichenbach and Ktih- 
 bach. About 41/2 M. to the W. of Biberach, and 2 M. to the N. of the Schon- 
 berg inn (see above), rises a lofty and precipitous rock, crowned with 
 the extensive ruins of the castle of Hohengeroldseck, destroyed by Marshal 
 Crequi in 1697, and commanding a view of the Kinzigthal, the Schutterthal, 
 and the plain of the Rhine. Lahr, see p. 330. 
 
 Before (I41/2 ^l-) ^teinach is reached, the line crosses the 
 Kinzig. — 17 M. Haslach (730 ft.: Fiirstenberger Hof ; Kreuz), a 
 prosperous little town , formerly in the principality of Fiirsten- 
 berg , was destroyed by the French on their retreat after the battle 
 of Hochstadt. In the doorway of the Church, which escaped destruc- 
 tion, is a Romanesque relief of the 12th century. 
 
 2OV2 >!•. Hausach (780 ft.; Bahnhofs-Hotel; Hirsch; Krone; 
 Engel) is a small town with 1465 inhab., commanded by the ruins 
 of an old castle of the princes of Fiirstenberg, destroyed in 1643. 
 — From Hausach to Woi/'ac/i (Rippoldsau), Schiltach, &ni Freuden- 
 stadt, see R. 48 e. 
 
 The railway leaves the Kinzigthal above Hausach , turns to 
 the right at Am Thurm, and ascends the picturesque and fertile 
 valley of the Gutach. — 23 M. Gutach (920 ft.; Lowe).
 
 350 Route 48. TRIBERG. Black Forest. 
 
 27 M. Hornberg (1265 ft.; '^'Post, R., L., & A. 2-2% B. 1, 
 D. 2^l2Jt ; '"''Bar, pens. 4-5 c// ; Bossle), an old town of 2000 Inhab., 
 is one of the most picturesque spots in the Black Forest and at- 
 tracts numerons summer visitors. There is a War Monument near 
 the church. The costume of the peasantry here is interesting. The 
 women wear black petticoats, short- waisted green bodices, and broad- 
 brimmed straw -hats adorned with black and red rosettes or black 
 caps with projecting flaps at the sides. The men wear black coats 
 with a red lining. The picturesque Chateau^ situated on a precipitous 
 hill, was taken in 1703 by Marshal Villars, but soon recovered by 
 the peasantry. 
 
 From Hornberg to Elzach, 13V2 M. About IV2 M. below Hornberg 
 our road diverges to the W. from the Hausach road. Near Landwasser it 
 reaches the Precht/ial , in which it then descends. Elzach, see p. 357. 
 
 From Hornberg to Schramberg, a charming walk of IOV2 M. 
 through the Schonachthul , by Louterbacfi. Schramberg ("Post; Lamm), a 
 Ijusy little town, prettily situated on the Schiltach , is commanded by the 
 lofty ruins of the Nippenhurg. Picturesque road thence to (6 M.) Schiltach 
 (p. 355). The return -route to Hornberg may be made by the Berneck, a 
 romantic rocky valley, and (6 31.) Thennenbronn (Krone); thence passing 
 above Gersbach to the Reichenbachthal , through which a road descends to 
 (,6 M.) Hornberg, 
 
 The most interesting part of the line is between Hornberg and 
 (18 M.) St. Georgen. For some distance the railway runs parallel 
 with the road, which , like the line itself, is in many places hewn 
 in the rock, and then ascends the narrow wooded Gutachthal. 
 Above the village of (32 Ji') Niederwasser (1380 ft.; Rossle), which 
 we observe to the right, is the 'Niederwasser Kehrtunnel', where 
 the first great curve begins. Tunnels (of which there are 26 bet- 
 ween Hornberg and St. Georgen), viaducts, and bridges follow in 
 rapid succession. The gradient varies from 1 : 58 to 1 : 50. — The 
 road from Hornberg to Triberg is very interesting for pedestrians, 
 and affords good views of the remarkable structure of the railway. 
 
 351/2 M. Triberg. — The station (2020 ft.; ''Rail. Restaurant) Hgs close 
 to the 'Kreuzbriicke', at the junction of the roads from St. Georgen and 
 Furtwangen, and about '/2 M. from the town (2245 ft.), to which omnibuses 
 run. Porter, for luggage under 551bs., 50pf.; to the Schwarzwald andBellevue 
 hotels 60 pf. — From the station to the market-place 1 M. ; thence to the 
 Falls 10-15 min. more ; so that the walk from the station to the Falls and 
 back takes 1V2-2 hours. Visitors who desire to spend at Triberg only the 
 interval between two trains should visit the waterfall lirst and then dine 
 at the railway restaurant. 
 
 Hotels. *Schwarzwald-Hotel (2345 ft.), in a beautiful situation, V4 M. 
 from the Falls, with view of the vallev, R. from 2V2-3, B. 1.30, D. 3-4 Jlf; 
 -Lowe, in the town, B. from IV2-2 Jl, B. 90 pf. ; *Ochs, R. 2, B.iJi; 
 'Bellevue, high up, with view, 'Sonne, with brewery, *Engel, Adler, 
 LiLiE, Bossle, etc. 
 
 Baths and Restaurant at Schwer''s, opposite the Hotel zam Ochs, to 
 the right of the main street. — Numerous private lodgings. 
 
 English Church Service in summer at the Schwarzwald Hotel. 
 
 In summer the Falls are illuminated several times a week. 
 
 Triberg lies in the heart of the Black Forest, and is one of the 
 principal centres of the trade in clocks , numerous specimens of 
 which may be seen in the Industrial Exhibition (adm. 50 pf.).
 
 Black Forest. ST. GEORGEN. 48. Route. 351 
 
 Pop. 2500. The lofty and yet sheltered situation of the place, and 
 the fine waterfall attract many summer- visitors. The streets and 
 waterfall are lighted by electricity. 
 
 At the upper end of the town stands a finger-post, the left arm 
 of which indicates the way to the waterfall, past the Schwarzwald 
 Hotel, while the right arm points across the bridge to the Industrial 
 Exhibition. Beyond the Schwarzwald Hotel we take the lower 
 path to the right, and in Omin. reach a projecting rock, from which 
 the best general view is obtained. The *Waterfall, formed by 
 the Gutach, is the finest in W. Germany. The stream, which is 
 here of considerable volume, is precipitated from a height of 500 ft., 
 and divided into seven distinct leaps by huge blocks of granite. The 
 cascade, like the fall of the Giessbach in Switzerland, is pictur- 
 esquely framed by dark pines. The best points are reached by 
 good paths. A pleasant footpath ascends on the right bank, with 
 several fine points of view. Visitors who are pressed for time 
 need not go beyond the (10 min.) bridge. In 20-25 min. more, 
 above the falls, and close to the Inn Zum Wasserfall (2930 ft.), we 
 reach the road to Schonwald and Furtwangen (p. 356), by which we 
 return. 
 
 Other walks may be taken througli the Prisenthal to the (3/4 hr.) 
 Geittsche (2980ft.; Inn) and on to the (1 hr.) Kesselhei-g (3365 ft.; view), to 
 the Klein-Rigi (view), above the station, etc. 
 
 The road from Triberg to Schonach. from which the Furtwangen road 
 diverge."? to the left by the Wallfuhvtskit'che (p. 855). a few hundred paces 
 above Triberg, ascends the Unterthal to the N.W. From (3 31.) Scho- 
 nach (2910 ft. ; Lamm) we may either continue to follow the road to the 
 N.W.. and pass through the Oberfhal into the Prechthal (p. 350), or. turn- 
 ing to the left on leaving Schonach. and passing the (3 M.) Elzhof, pro- 
 ceed by a footpath across the Rohrhavdtsbevg and through the Yachthal 
 to Elzach (p. 357). about 10 M. from Schonach. 
 
 The train now crosses the Gutach, and in the great 'Triberger 
 Kehrtunnel' turns direct to the N., towards the top of the hill. 
 Several tunnels and viaducts. For some distance we observe to the 
 left below us the portion of the line which we traversed before 
 reaching Triberg. The train turns to the S. , passing through 
 tunnels and over viaducts. Beyond (40 M.) Xussbach it again turns 
 to the E. Among the next tunnels is one 1852 yds. in length, which 
 penetrates the hill of (43 M.) Sommerau (2730 ft.), the watershed 
 between the Rhine and the Danube. (Many passengers alight here, 
 and travel back direct, or walk to Triberg, lYo hr. ; behind the 
 station is a restaurant.) 
 
 45 M. St. Georgen (2660 ft.; Adler, HirscK), a busy clock- 
 manufacturing place, is prettily situated on a height on the left bank 
 of the Brigach, a little above the station. The old Benedictine 
 abbey, founded at the end of the 11th cent., was suppressed in 
 1806. The Brigach , which after a course of 21 M. unites with 
 the Brege at Donaueschingen and forms the Danube (see p. 352), 
 rises about 4 M. to the W. of St. Georgen. 
 
 The line now traverses the plateau, not far from the Brigach.
 
 352 Route 48. DONAUESCHINGEN. Black Forest. 
 
 — 471/2 M. Peterzell (2550 ft.; Krone), with a small church, partly 
 Romanesque and partly Gothic, is the station for (2^2 M.) Konigs- 
 feld (^^'Gasthof Briideryemeinde , pens. 41/2 «.//), an interesting little 
 Moravian settlement in the heart of the pinewoods which enjoys a 
 great local reputation for the salubrity of its atmosphere, and is al- 
 ways full of visitors in summer. Two excellent Moravian schools 
 for boys and girls. — 51 M. Kirnach [2390 ft.), whence a diligence 
 runs twice daily through the picturesque Kirnachthal to Vohren- 
 bach (8 M. ; p. 356), passing the ruin of Kirneck and the village of 
 TJnter- Kirnach (2'/2 M. ; Rossle). Kirnach ( Honninger's Restaurant) 
 lies on the edge of the Villinger Stadtwald, which is traversed by 
 paths in all directions from this point. 
 
 54 M. Villingen (2310 ft.; '^Blume or Post; Flasche; Deutscher 
 Kaiser J not far from the station ; Falke; Rail. Restaurant), an ancient 
 manufacturing town (6400 inhab. *, mentioned as early as the 9th cent., 
 and a centre of the Black Forest clock-making industry, is partly 
 surrounded with walls and gates, which successfully resisted sieges 
 in the Thirty Years' War (1633-34) and the war of the Spanish 
 Succession (1703-4). A War Monument for 1870-71 rises on the 
 promenade between the station and the town. Gothic Mi'msterkirche 
 with two towers (of 1420), a Gothic pulpit, and some good plate. 
 The Rathhaus contains well-preserved rooms in the medieval style, 
 and a few antiquities (40 pf.). The St. Michaelsthurm, witli a 
 statue of the 'Landsknecht' Romeius (d. 1513), is the most inter- 
 esting of the old towers. The Tower of the Altstadtkirche , beside 
 the (Y2 ^1-) cemetery, is a relic of the old town of Villingen which 
 was removed to its present site about 1119. The Wanne, a neigh- 
 bouring hill, commands a view of the Alps in clear weather (key 
 of the tower at the neighbouring Inn). About 1 M. to the S. of 
 Villingen is the ruined Warenburg. — Villingen is the junction 
 for the railway to Rottweil ; see Baedeker's Southern Germany. 
 
 From (55 M.) Marbach (2280 ft.) a diligence plies twice daily to 
 (3 M.) the baths of Durrheim. — 56Y2M. Klengen; 58 M. Griiningen. 
 
 62V2 ^^- Donauescliingen(2220 ft. ; *Schutze, pens, from 41,2 ^/; 
 Falke or Post; Railway Hotel ; small Saline Bath beside the station), 
 an ancient town with 3600 inhab., is the residence (since 1723) of 
 the Princes of Fiirstenberg, who possess a celebrated library and 
 valuable collections. From the station, we follow the main street, past 
 the 'Domain Administration', to a bridge, beyond which, to the right, 
 is the gate of the princely Park. The latter, with its fine trees and 
 ponds, is always open to the public, but the Palace only occasion- 
 ally. Near the palace is a round, walled-in basin, with a spring 
 of clear water, which is led by a subterranean channel to the Brig- 
 ach about 100 ft. distant. An inscription styles this spring the 
 'Source of the Danube' (2220 ft. above the sea-level; 1780 M. from 
 the sea), but the name Danube (Donau) is usually first applied to 
 the stream formed by the union of the Brigach and the Brege.
 
 --T^.^: 
 
 4s/-kt^ 
 
 '^sjx--- r:;^^^ -^^*: ' ^t^''ii^;,^,fi^fs^^^
 
 Black Forest. WOLFACH. 48. Route. 353 
 
 On an eminence behind the church and the palace stands the 
 Karlsbau (1868), containing the art and other collections. 
 
 On the ground-floor is the Geological Collection. — The first floor con- 
 tains, on the right, the Mineralogical Collection, ethnological curiosities, 
 and Roman, Franconian, and other antiquities found in S.W. Germany; 
 to the left is the Zoological Cabinet. — The Art-Collections on the 
 second floor consist of pictures and casts, the latter chiefly from the an- 
 tique. The most important pictures are those of the Swabian and Fran- 
 conian Schools of the 16th century, which are collected in a room 
 lighted from above. (Catalogue bv Woltmann.) Among them are examples 
 of Zeitblom (Xos. 41, 42), Holbein the Elder (43-54), Hans Burgkmaiv (69-71), 
 B. Strigel (72), and Barthel Beham (73-90). — Among the modern pictures, 
 which fill several rooms, few are of much merit. 
 
 The Armoury, which occupies a separate building, embellished 
 with a frieze with hunting-scenes, contains a number of old imple- 
 ments of the chase and a few modern arms. 
 
 The Library and Archives are in separate buildings near the 
 post-office. The library, with which that of Baron von Lassberg 
 was united in 1860, consists of 90,000 vols, and about 1000 MSS., 
 including the finest MS. of the Nibelungenlied after those of Mu- 
 nich and St. Gallen , and several others of early-German origin. 
 The same building contains the collections of Engravings (Diirer, 
 Mantegna, etc.) and Coins. — A large brewery at Donaueschingen 
 belongs to the princely family. — Post-omnibus to (18 M.) Neustadt 
 (p. 360), twice daily in 41/4 hours. 
 
 The railway now follows the grassy valley of the Danube. Sta- 
 tions P/b/ir en, Neudingen(yfiih mausoleum of the princes ofFiirsten- 
 berg), Gutmadingen, Geisingen, Hintschingen, (75M.)Immendi2igen 
 ( Faike ; Deutscher Kaiser), with 1000 inhab., the junction for Walds- 
 hut (p. 374) and for Tuttlingen and Rottweil {see Baedeker' s S . Ger- 
 many'). The line intersects the watershed between the Danube and 
 the Rhine. Several tunnels and viaducts. 77 M. Hattingen; 80 M. 
 Thalmiihle. Beyond (84 M.) Engen, the railway skirts the volcanic 
 cones of the Hohgau, rising to the W. 85^2 M. Welschingen ; 871/2 
 M. Muhlhausen; 89^/2 M. Hohenkrdhen; 93 M. Singen (p. 375). 
 
 e. From Hansacli to Freudenstadt vi& Schiltacli. Bippoldsau. 
 
 241/2 M. Railway in I3/4 hr. (fares 3 Jf 20, 2.20, 1.40 pf.) j to (3 M.) 
 Wolfach in '/4 hr. From Wolfach diligence and omnibus (2V2 Ji) to Rip- 
 poldsau in 2^/4 hrs.; from Freudenstadt diligence and omnibus to Rippoldsau 
 in summer in 23/4 hrs. (ii/2 Ji). 
 
 Hausach, see p. 349. The train ascends the Kinzigthal, and at 
 {Q, M.) Kirnbach crosses the stream of that name. 
 
 3 M. Wolfach. — Hotels. Salmen , pens. 4i/2-5 Jt; *Krone. — 
 AuLER. Sonne, Zahkingbk Hof, these three good second-claas houses. — 
 *Kiefernadelbad, with baths of varioufl kinds, B. I1/2 Jf, B. 80 pf., D. 2, 
 pens. 4-41/2 ./<Sf- 
 
 Wolfach (760 ft.), an ancient town with 1800 inhab. and a 
 handsome 'Amtshaus', formerly a chateau , at the entrance to the 
 town , is situated between abrupt mountains at the confluence of 
 the Wolfbach and the Kintig. 
 
 Baedeker's Rhine. 12th Edit. 23
 
 354 Route 48. RIPPOT.PSAU. Blacl Forest. 
 
 The road to (14 M.) Rippoldsau quits the Kinzigthal and ascends 
 the valley of the Wolfbach^ which it crosses several times. After about 
 11/2 M. it reaches the church of the scattered village of Oberirolfach 
 (935 ft. ; Zur Linde). 
 
 At the entrance to (6 M.) Schapbach (1375 ft. ; *Ochs, at the lower 
 •Mid of the village ; Adler and Sonne, farther up), the Wildschapbach- 
 thnl, through which leads the road to Petersthal (p. 348), opens to the 
 left. Scliapbach is another scattered village, many of the inhabi- 
 tants of which still wear their picturesque old costume (see below). 
 The curiously-constructed houses have stabling on the ground-floor, 
 the dwelling-rooms above, and a hay-loft under the roof. 
 
 Near the (21/4 M.) Seehach Inn the Seehach, formed by the 
 discharge of the sequestered Glaswaldsee, a lake situated A^/2 M. 
 from the road below the Latterstcstter Hcehe (View), emerges from 
 a wild side-valley on tlie left. About IM. farther on, huge granite 
 rocks rise to the right of the road ; near them is the waterfall of the 
 Burbach, only visible after rain: We next reach {J^/^ M.) the — 
 
 Klbsterle {ilSO ft. ; *Zum Erbprinzen), formerly a Benedictine 
 priory, with a church with two towers, founded in the 12th cent, by 
 the Benedictines of St. Georgen (p. 351). It lies 3/^ M. below Rip- 
 poldsau, visitors to the baths of which often lodge here. 
 
 From the Klosterle to Freddenstadt, 8'/2 M., a road has been 
 constructed, which passes Jleicfienbacfi , ascends the Sr/iwabach-Thal , and 
 traverses the Pfaffenwald to Oherzwieselbevg 0^790 ft. ; .Tiigerruhe). Thence, 
 it proceeds in wide curves, round the valley of the Kleine Kinzigy to join 
 the road from Schombevg, which it follows I0 the left to Freudenstadt 
 (p. 355). — There is also a pleasant footpath through the woods. Pass- 
 ing the church we turn to the right, cross the brook, and take the broad 
 and shady forest-path to the right (stone finger-post). At Ober- Zwieselbach 
 the path forks, the left arm leading to Freudengtadt (see below), the right 
 to Schenkenzell (p. 355). 
 
 Rippoldsau (1855 ft. ; ^Ooringer's Hotel and Bath-house, often 
 full, R. with one bed 2-8, with two beds 4-10, sitting-room 10-24, 
 B. 1, D. 3, bath 1-2^//; *Klbsterle, pens, from bJl), a village with 
 700 inhab., lies at the S.E. base of the Kniebis (^p. 347), in a very 
 narrow part of the Wolfthal. It is the most frequented and best- 
 organised of the Kniebis Baths (1500 visitors annually). The water 
 of the four springs, containing iron, earthy ingredients, and Glau- 
 ber's salts, is considered beneficial in cases of internal complaints. 
 It is exported in bottles (400,000 annually), and the salt is also sold 
 under the name of 'Rippoldsau salts'. The environs afford many 
 pleasant walks {Kattelstein on the Sommerberg, Badxoald, etc.). 
 
 About 11/2 M. above Rippoldsau lies Holzwald (Inn zur Holzwdldev 
 Hohe). Thence across the Holzwalder Hohe fo Griesbacfi, see p. 348; across 
 the Kniebis to Oppenau, see p. 347. 
 
 The train continues to ascend the picturesque Kinzigthal which 
 again turns to the E. — Beyond (51/2 M.) Halbmeil (Engel; Lowe) 
 the train crosses to the right bank. The houses on the left bank 
 are called the Vordere Lehngericht (Pflug).
 
 UlacJc Forest. FRETJDENSTADT. 4^. Home. 355 
 
 9 M. Schiltach (1070 ft.; *Ochs or Post; Krone), an oW town 
 (^2'200 inhab.) carrying on a brisk timber-traflic, situated at the union 
 of the Schiltach and the Kinzig, with a modern church, and a 
 ruined castle on a hill. 
 
 Through the Sc/u'ltacfithal to (6 M.) Schvamhevg (p. 350), diligence four 
 times daily in IV4 hr. 
 
 11 M. Schenkenzell (1170 ft.; Sonne ; Ochs), vdth a ruined castle, 
 is situated at the mouth of the Kleine Kinzig, in the pretty valley 
 of which lies (2 M.) Reinerzau (Linde). The line next passes the 
 Krnhenhad. 
 
 141/2 >!• Alpirsbach (1425 ft. : ^Uowe; Sckwan'), with 1200 in- 
 hab., who carry on a considerable traffic in timber and straw-hats. 
 The Prot. church, a Romanesque building of the 12th cent, vnth a 
 Gothic choir, once belonging to a Benedictine abbey, contains the 
 tombs of a Count and Countess of Zollern and late-Gothic cloisters, 
 
 20Y-) M. Lossburg-Rodt, near the source of the Kinzig. 
 
 241/2 M. Freudenstadt (2380 ft. ; '''SchwarziccUd Hotel, at the 
 station, outside the town, pens. b-G J/ ; Braun ; Loire or Post, 
 good cuisine; Linde; Rossle'), a loftily-situated town of Wiirtem- 
 berg (6300inhab.), with an extensive traffic in timber and cloth- 
 factories, founded in 1599 by Duke Frederick I. ofWijrtemberg for 
 expelled Salzburg Protestants, is remarkable for its regular plan. 
 The curiously-constructed Protestant Church, built in 1601-8, con- 
 sists of two naves at right angles to each other, in one of which 
 the male, and in the other the female members of the congrega- 
 tion sit, while the altar and pulpit are placed at the angle. The 
 railway-station (2165 ft.) lies 3/^ M. below the town. 
 
 Good roads lead from Freudenstadt to the W. over the Kniebis (p. 347) 
 to Oppenaii, to the S.W. to Klotterle and Rippoldsau (see above), and to the 
 N. tt) Baiertbronn (p. 343). 
 
 The Wiirtembergrailway goes on, passing several small stations, 
 to Eutingen (see Baedeker s Southern Germany). 
 
 f. From Triberg to Waldkirch vi& Furtwangen. Valleys of 
 
 Simonswald and £Iz. 
 
 Comp. Map, p. 352. 
 
 3S M. From Triberg to (O'/a 31.) Furtwangen, diligence twice daily in 
 
 2'/2 hrs. ; from Fartwangen to (I8V2 M.) Waldkirch, diligence twice daily 
 
 in 3'/2 hrs. (back in 5 hrs.). This is a pleasant route for pedestrians. 
 
 Triberg (2245 ft.), see p. 350. The road to Furtwangen first 
 ascends the 'Unterthal' to the W. , and at the Wallfahrtskirche 
 (2405 ft.), about 1/2 M. from Triberg, turns to the left, and ascends 
 the hill in long windings to the (2^/4 M.) Inn zum Wasserfall 
 (p. 351; the carriage-road in the Unterthal leads to Schonach, see 
 p. 351). Pedestrians had better ascend the path mentioned on 
 p. 351, past the waterfall, by which they regain the road at the 
 Wasserfall Inn (p. 351), in 1/2 liour. About i/j M. farther is a re- 
 staurant (Zur Linde), beyond which we reach the church and village 
 
 23*
 
 356 Route 48. FURTWANGEN. Black Forest. 
 
 ofScli6nwald(3260ft.; *Adler; *nmch; Pension Friedheim,A-G J/), 
 a centre of the clock-making industry. 
 
 Near the last houses of Schonwald stands a way-post, pointing 
 on to (51/2 M.) Furtwangen and back to (33/4 M.) Triberg. Pedes- 
 trians take the old road , diverging to the right a little before this 
 point is reached, and joining the new road by the inn Zum Kreuz 
 (3470 ft.), at the top of the pass , which forms the watershed be- 
 tween the Rhine and the Danube. The new road descends gradually 
 and circuitously. Travellers on foot may shorten the distance 
 considerably by taking the broad and precipitous old road, which di- 
 verges to the right a few paces beyond tl\e Kreuz Inn, and rejoins 
 the new road lower down. — 3 M. Furtwangen (2800 ft. ; '*Sonne, 
 Ochs'), on the Brege, a prosperous little town with 4200 inhab., 
 where the best clocks in the Black Forest are manufactured. The 
 'Gewerbehalle', or industrial hall, contains an interesting collection 
 of old Black Forest clocks, from tlie end of the 16th cent, onwards. 
 There is also a large training-school for wood-carvers and clock- 
 makers. New church. Pleasant excursion to the Brend (3770 ft.), 
 an eminence i^j^^'t. to the N.W., commanding a fine view. 
 
 High-road hence to the E. by (5 M.) Vohrenbach (2620 ft.; Kreuz; 
 Reicheadler), a town of 1300 inhab., to Kirnach^ see p. 352. 
 
 From Furtwangen a footpath leads via Priig (ascend the Halde to 
 the left; finger-post on the top) and Kaltenherbevg to (T'/a M.) "Waldau 
 {Traube, unpretending but good), a favourite summer-resort. Good echo 
 at the neighbouring Lachhdusle. Thence down the Langenordrachthal to 
 (4V2 M.) Neastadt ; comp. p. 360. 
 
 The road to Simonswald and Waldkirch (18*/2 M.) ascends from 
 Furtwangen to the S.W., describing several curves. Pedestrians may 
 avoid these by following a narrow road to the left about ^/^ M. be- 
 yond Furtwangen, which rejoins the highway at the top of the hill 
 (3310 ft.), near the Stadt Freiburg Inn. The road again crosses the 
 watershed between the Danube and the Rhine , and soon reaches 
 (41/2 M. from Furtwangen) Gutenbach (2840 ft. ; *Zur Hochhurg, 
 pension 41/2 J^), another busy, clock-making place. Hence to the 
 Zweribach Fall (see below), IY2 ^^^ 
 
 From Giitenbach to St. Mdrgen, via the Wildgutach-Thal, see p. 359. 
 The road, which is partly hewn in the solid rock, continues 
 towards the W. A path on the left diverges to the deep ravine of 
 the Wilde Gutach and to the Zweribach Fall (see below). The 
 road then turns to the N. and descends in long windings, affording 
 numerous beautiful views, particularly of the Fall of the Zweribach^ 
 descending from the Holic Kandel, beyond the Gutachthal. About 
 5 M. from Gutach is the inn *Zum Engel (1470 ft.), at the junction 
 of the road with the old Kilpenstrasse^ which also comes from Furt- 
 wangen and will repay walkers. Attractive path past the Zweribach 
 Fall (see above) and the Plattenhof to the (4 hrs.) Kandel (p. 357). 
 As we descend the picturesque Simonswald Valley the attrac- 
 tions of the road increase. The costume of the inliabitants is 
 peculiar. The villages of Ober- and Unter-Sirnonswald consist of
 
 Black Forest. . WALDKIRCH. 48. Routt. 357 
 
 numerous scattered houses. On the right, by the church of Ober- 
 Simonswald, 1 M, from the Engel inn, is a fluger-post, indicat- 
 ing the way through the Griesbachthal to Schonwald and Triberg 
 (p. 350). About 3 M. farther on lies the inn Zur Krone (1160 ft.), 
 near the prettily-situated church of Unter-Simonswald. [A pic- 
 turesque path, for nearly the whole way among wood, leads through 
 the Ettersbacher-Thal from Unter-Simonswald to (2 hrs.) the Kau- 
 del (see below).] The hill to the right is the HdrnlebergX'2910 ft.). 
 Near (4 M.) Bleybach (1000 ft. ; Lowe), a village on the right, the 
 valley opens into the broad and smiling Elzthal, in which, M. 
 higher up, lies the old town of Elzach (Post). A road leads from 
 the latter by Hofstetten to Haslach in the Kinzigthal and another 
 to Hornbery (comp. pp. 350,351). — The road to Waldkirch de- 
 scends the Elztlial, at first following the right bank- of the brook, 
 which is crossed at Bleybach. The villages of Gutach, Kollnau, 
 where the Elz is again crossed, and (S^o ^O Waldkirch are almost 
 contiguous. 
 
 Waldkirch (900 ft.'; *I:owe or Post, *Rebstock, Krone, in the 
 town : Kn^telburg, near the station), a busy and prettily-situated 
 little town of 4000 inhab., with glass and stone -polishing works, 
 is connected with the Baden Railway by a branch-line. The station 
 lies a little to the N. of the town, at the foot of the Schlossbcrg 
 (1185 ft.), which is crowned with the ruin oi Kastelburg, ^nA 
 may be ascended in 20 minutes. Diligence to Elzach (see above ; 
 8 M.) twice daily. 
 
 The ascent of the *Kandel (4075 ft.) may be made from Wald- 
 kirch in 2V2-3V2 ^'J^^- The best route leads through the Alyers- 
 bacher-Thal and the Kuhloch. Pedestrians also ascend the Alpers- 
 bacher Thai (numerous finger-posts), and lastly mount the rugged 
 Kandelfelsen in zigzags. On the top is a covered belvedere and 
 a direction-table, indicating the chief points in the view, which 
 includes the central Black Forest as far as theRauheAlb,theVosges, 
 and the Jura. About 10 min. from the top, to theN., is a *R<isthaus 
 (R. 1 J/ 20, B. 80 pf.). We may descend on the N.E. to I'nter- 
 Simonswald (see above), or on the S. to St. Peter (see below). 
 
 Railway (41/2 M. ; fares 60, 40 pf.) in 20 min. from Wald- 
 kirch via Buchholz (near the pleasant little baths of Suggenthal, 
 pension 4-5 J/^ to Denzlingen (p. 331). 
 
 g. HoUenthal Railway. Feldberg. Schluchsee, 
 
 Comp. Map, p. 352. 
 From Fkeiburg to Neustadt, 22 M., railway in 2 hrs. 23 min. (des- 
 cent 2 hrs. 10 min.):, fares 2 Jl 50, i Jl QO pf. View generally to the 
 right, i.e. opposite the side by which the carriages are entered at Frei- 
 burg. — The '-HoUenthal Railway, constructed in 1S84-S7, commands for 
 a short distance as grand and beautiful scenery as any part of the older 
 Schwarzwald line. The ascent of the Feldberg is now, by means of this 
 line, a day's excursion: to the Titisee by rail in 2 hrs. 10 min., thence 
 on foot to the top of th& Feldberg in 31/2 hrs., descent to HiJllsteig '2'/4 hrs.,
 
 358 Route 48. HOLLENTHAL. Black Forest. 
 
 rail to FreJburfj 1 hr. 20 min. — From the Feldberg t<t Scfiluchsee S'/j hrs., 
 tlience to St. BUisUn 2^/i hrs. 
 
 The inns near the Feldberg;, particularly at Titisee, are often over- 
 crowded in summer and rooms should be secured beforehand. 
 
 Starting from the principal station at Freiburg (p. 331), the 
 lino, crosses theDreisam, and halts at^l^'iM.) Wiehre, theS. suburb 
 of Freiburg (p. 336). 
 
 It continues to ascend the broad valley of the Dreisain past the 
 Waldsee (p. 336; rail, stat.) to (3V2 M.) Littenweiter (iOiO ft), 
 with a chalybeate spring, the station for Ebnet, a village with an 
 antique chateau, on the right bank of the Dreisam. 
 
 7 M. Kirchzarten (1285 ft. 5 Restaurant zur Post, at the sta- 
 tion; Sonne, LUioe, Krone, all in the village, '/4M. from the station), 
 a village with 800 Inhab., ^Y4 M. to the N.W. of which, on the right 
 bank of the Dreisam, is Zarten, with traces of the Koman fort 
 Tarodunum. 
 
 Fi:uM Kirchzarten to St. Margen, diligence twice daily; once via 
 l?uchcnbach (see below) and once via St. Peter (IOV2 M. -, in 3V2 hrs.)- The 
 latter route passes Zarten (see above) and at ^tegen enters the valley of 
 \\\e Eschbach, which it ascends to (T'/z M*.) the health-resort of St. Peter 
 (2365 ft.; ''Hirsch), formerly a Benedictine abbey, now a Catholic semi- 
 nary, with an interesting church. Thence over the hills to (3 M.) St. 
 Margen (see below). — Pedestrians, starting from the station of Kirchzar- 
 ten , walk to the N. E. via the Brandenburg Inn (see below) to Burg., 
 and thence ascend the Ibenthal via the Lindenherg (2670 ft.; chapel, with 
 view) to St. Peter, in 3 hrs. — From St. Peter the Kandel (p. 357) may 
 be ascended in 2 hrs. We follow the road running N. into the Olotterthal 
 for about ^/aM., then at the Eckle, we turn to the right at the guide-post 
 and proceed via the Huldenhof to the Sagedobel. Thence we ascend to the 
 N. (guide-posts). 
 
 From Kirchzarten to Todtnau, 13 M., diligence twice daily in dVihrs. 
 (returning in 3V4 hrs.). The road at first ascends the broad valley between 
 the Brngga and the Oxterbach. At (3 M.) Oberried (1500 ft. ; Stern or 
 Post; Hirsch; Adler), at the mimth of the Zastleri/iol (p. 362), a wood is 
 entered; farther on, on a lofty rock, the ruins of the Schneeburg. About 
 3 M. from Oberkirch the St. Wilhehmthul (p. 362) diverges to the left. 
 '■Am Nothschrei'' (4 M.) is the culminating point (3300 ft.) of the route 
 (whence the Feldberg can be ascended in 2'/2 hrs.); here the road quits 
 the wood and descends through the upper Wiesenthal by Mvggenbrtmn 
 fGriiner Baum ; 'A hr. farther, finger-post on the left indicating the wav to 
 Todtnauberg. p. 368) and A/tersteg to (5V4 M.) Todtnau (p. 3(18). Between 
 Aftersteg and Todtnau a footpath diverges to the Todtnauberg Water/all 
 (see p. 308), 
 
 The railway now crosses the Rothbach and, at the Brandenburg 
 Inn, the Hollenthalstrasse. — 81/9 M. Himmelreich (1490 ft.), a 
 farm with an inn at the entrance of the Ilollenthal proper. A guide- 
 post opposite the station indicates the way to the Frauensteigfelsen, 
 which commands an attractive view of the valley of the Dreisam. 
 [A new path leads on thence via the Nessellache (view) toBreitnau, 
 2 hrs. I 
 
 From Himmelreich to St. 51argen. 8V2 M., diligence daily in 2V2 hrs. 
 (starting from Kirchzarten). Pedestrians, following the high-road, pro- 
 ceed via (1 M.) Buchenbnch (1470 ft.; Adler; Hirsch). to the left of which 
 is the ruined castle of Wisnerk, and ascend the Wagevsteigthal (numerous 
 short-cuts) to (6 M.) St. Margen r2920 ft.; Hirsch; Krone, pension in both 
 ^Ji), a frequented health-resort, with 1000 inhab. and a conspicuous church
 
 Black Forest. HINTERZARTEN. 48. Route. 359 
 
 with two towers. A picturesque road ascends in IV4 hr. to the Thurner 
 (3320 ft.; Inn), and then descends to (3'/2 M.) the Inn Zum Ldteen at 
 Breitnau (p. 36(.)). — Picturesque route from St. Margen through the 
 Wildgutachthal to (TVz M.) Giitenbach fp. 356). 
 
 The train now passes the straggling village of Falkenaleig 
 (Zwei Tauben), crosses the Engebach, passes through a tunnel below 
 the ruin of Falkenstein, and enters the HoUenpass, the finest part 
 of the valley, a defile with towering and overhanging rocks, partly 
 overgrown with firs and underwood. The line passes through the 
 Lower and Upper Hirschsprung Tunnel. The road windins through 
 the defile, side by side with the railway and the foaming HoUenbach, 
 was constructed by the Austrian government in 1770, and was shortly 
 afterwards traversed by the Archduchess Marie Antoinette when on 
 her way to France to marry the Dauphin, the future Louis XVI. The 
 pass also witnessed the celebrated retreat of Moreau, Oct. 179C, 
 when pursued by the Archduke Charles. 
 
 The Hollenthal now expands. Beyond (11 M.) Hirschsprung 
 (1835 ft.) the train ascends for about 41/2 ^f. l>y means of a 'rack- 
 and-pinion' arrangement fno change of carriages necessary"). After 
 passing through a tunnel 660 yds. long we reach (13 M.) Posthalde 
 (2155 ft.; Adlerj, pleasantly situated. Ascent of the Feldberg, 
 see'p. 360. 
 
 14 M. Hollsteig (2430 ft.") , the station for the well-known 
 ""Stern Inn (R.1V2^//, R- 80 pf., D. 21/2, pens. 6.//), with baths, 
 and several dependencies, which lies on the road .'^O ft. below. It 
 is a good starting-point for excursions in the Hollenthal and for 
 an ascent of the Feldberg (p. 361 ; numerous finger-posts). 
 
 Opposite the inn. below the railway-viaduct (see below), opens the 
 Ravennathal. a wild ravine with a One cascade, traversed by a good path. 
 At the head of the ravine this path rejoins the road, which we follow 
 back to the inn (in all 3/^-1 hr.). — A pleasant route from the 'Stern' t<» 
 Hinterzarten is as follows: keep to the high-road for V2 M. ; beyond the 
 bridge, where it makes a sharp curve to the left, take the road to the 
 right, which ascends the picturesque Loffelthal , now traversed by the 
 railway , to (iV2 M.) the first houses of Hinterzarten (see below). 
 
 The railway crosses the Ravennathal (view of it to the left) by 
 a lofty viaduct, while the road ascends the Hollsteig in bold wind- 
 ings. The last view of the Hollenthal is cut short by a tunnel 
 (275 yds. long), whence we emerge in the Loffelthal. The train 
 then passes through the seventh and last tunnel and reaches the 
 top of the plateau and the station of — 
 
 151/2 M. Hinterzarten (2900 ft.; Hotel Bahnhof and Pension 
 Schuler, with restaurant, at the station ; Adler, near the church, 
 pens. 5 J^ ; Weisses Rbssle, ^fi M. to the N.W., pens. 4 Jl-^ lodg- 
 ings), a favourite summer-resort, where the rack-aud-pinion rail- 
 way ends. — The road passing the handsome church leads via Erlen- 
 bruck {30S0 ft.; Schwan), pleasantly situated among firs, to the 
 Titisee and Barenthal (comp. p. 360). The plateau is studded with 
 farm-houses.
 
 360 Route 48. TITISEE. Black Forest. 
 
 About V4 M. to the W. of the Weisses Rossle a road, diverging to 
 the N. from the Hollenthal road, leads via Oedenbach to the Oaethof turn 
 Liiwtii (3265 ft). Hence we may proceed to the left to {}/\ 31.) Breitnau 
 (Kreuz) and (11/2 M.) the Hochwart (3G80 ft.), with an old entrenchment 
 (view of the Alps). Or we may go to the right to (3 M.) the Weisstan- 
 nenhohe (86S0 ft.), al.so affording a view of the Alps. — From the Liiwen 
 to the Thurner (p. 369), IV4 hr. 
 
 Ascent of the Feldberg from Hinterzarten, see p. 361. 
 
 18 M. Titisee (2815 ft. ; *B(2t, kept by/sefe, at the station) lies 
 about V4 M. from the small lake of the same name, on the bank of 
 which lie the '^Schwarzwald Hotel {ll.ljl, B. 80 pf., S. IV2, pens. 
 51/2-71/2"'''^) and i\iQ*H6tel zum Titisee (similar charges ), two pleas- 
 ant hotels Avith gardens on the lake, and both often full in summer. 
 — The Titisee (2790 ft.), a small lake IV4M. long and 1/2 M. wide, 
 is fed by the Seebach (p. 361) and drained by the Gutach. The sur- 
 rounding hills are partly wooded. 
 
 About 150 yds. to the E. of the Gasthof zur Titisee is a finger-post 
 (left) indicating the footpath to (V2 hr.) Saig (3250 ft.; Odis^ with baths, 
 pens. 5 Jl), another summer-resort. Fine view from the Pavilion on the 
 W. side of the Eochfirst (1/2 hr. ; see below). 
 
 A pleasant walk may be taken along the Lenzkirch road (p. 363), 
 which also leads to Schluchsee and St. Blasien (see p. 36'3). At the first 
 important bend (3155 ft.), 2 M. from the station and about 13/4 M. from the 
 Hotel Titisee is a notice-board on a tree to the right, indicating the foot- 
 path to the Feldberg. This path leads to (IV4 hr.) the 'Adler', in Baren- 
 thal (p. 361). 
 
 Ascent of the Feldberg^ see p. 361; post- gig daily at 8 a. m. 
 
 Farther on the train crosses the Gutach and skirts the spurs 
 of the Hochflrst. To the left, 21/2 M. from Titisee, we pass the 
 mouth of the Langenordracher-Thal, in which lies (61/2 M.)Waldau 
 (p. 356). 
 
 22 M. Neustadt (2640 ft. ; Adler or Post ; Krone ; Lowe ; Bdr\ 
 an ancient town, with 2500 inhab., engaged in clock-making, tan- 
 ning, and gold-embroidery. Pretty walks to the (IV2 tr.) Hochfirst 
 (.3900 ft.), with view-tower; to the (3/4 hr.) Lorenhof; and \ik Ru- 
 denherg to (I72 ^ir.) Friedenweiler (2965 ft.; Inn). On the last ex- 
 cursion we follow the Lofflngen road for 3 M. and then diverge 
 to the left. 
 
 From Neustadt the high-road leads to the E. to Lo/"/?nyen (71/2^.; 
 howe), Hufingen (16M. ; Liiwe), and Donaueschingen (18M. ; p. 352). 
 
 The Feldberg may be ascended from the Hollenthal , direct 
 from the Adler (station Posthalde), or from the Stern Inn (Holl- 
 steig; p. 859), or from Hinterzarten (p. 359), but it is preferable to 
 begin the ascent at the Titisee. Finger-posts on all these routes. 
 
 Asceht of the Feldbeeg from the Gasthof zum Adlkr (Posthalde), 
 31/4 hrs. The new path, steep at first, ascends to (40 min.) the W. farms 
 of Albersbach (to the left, a new path to the Fiirstensatzeck, see below) 
 and proceeds via the Haspelsdge to the (V2hr.) Xoc^riiWe (3Slo ft.), whence 
 a road leads to (2 M.) the cottages oi Auf dem Rinken (38C0 ft.). The road 
 forks here (large finger-post)-, we follow the left branch, soon diverging 
 bv a path to the right, which ascends via the Baldenweger Viehhutte to 
 tl.c top in 11/2 lir. See p. 362.
 
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 Black Forest. FELDBERG. 48. Route, 361 
 
 Ascent of thk Feldbkrg fkom the Stern Inn (HuUsteig), 3^/* hrs. 
 Wc may either lake the footpath indicated by the notice-board at the inn, 
 or follow the ruad for '/2 M. and ascend to the right by the finger-post 
 ('iiber Bisten', etc.). We ascend rapidly through wood. At the (40 min.) 
 Bisten (d^QO ft.~) we join the road from Hinterzarten, which we now follow, 
 cutting off one of its bends by a footpath. At (1 hr.) Filrsatzeck (36t5 ft.) the 
 road forks, the right branch leading to Lochriitte and the Feldberg (see 
 above), the left to Zastler. We follow the latter. 3/4 hr. RufenhilUe 
 (3545 ft.). A large way-post here points out the routes to various points. 
 We follow the path to the left (in the direction we have hitherto fol- 
 lowed), cross (20 min.) the Seebach by stepping-stones, and soon reach 
 the Feldsee (see below). Thence to the inn on the top of the Feldberg, 9/4 hr. 
 
 Ascent of the Feldbekg fuom Hinterzarten, BV;; hrs. We may 
 follow the high-road to the right from the station, and after a few hundred 
 yards, at a finger-post ('Alpersbach, Feldlierg'; 2885 ft.), follow the road 
 in a straight direction, which joins the above-described route at (V2 hr.) 
 the Bisten. Or we may follow the road to Erlenhruck (p. 359), V* M. be- 
 yond which is a finger-post (right), indicating the forest-path to the Biiren- 
 tha] and Feldberg (sec below). 
 
 The good road from the Titisee to the Feldberg (10 M.; post- 
 gig, see p. 360} diverges to the S. from the road coming from the 
 station, a little on this side of the Schwarzwald Hotel. After about 
 11 '4 M. we reach the upper end of the lake. Our road is joined 
 by that from Erlenhruck and Hinterzarten (see above) '^/4M. farther 
 on, and by the forest-path from Erlenhruck (see above) after ^/^M. 
 more. Beyond a saw-mill wc cross the Seebach, continue to fol- 
 low the road (from which a new private road to the Feldsee diverges 
 after 1/2 M. I, and ascend through the wood, passing between the 
 houses of Bdrenthal. to the Adler Inn (3180 ft.), which is about 
 11/2 M. from the station of Titisee. [About I/4 M. from the Adler 
 Inn a good new path ascends on the right to the (11/2 lir-) '5^wei- 
 seenblick' (View of the Titisee and Schluchsee) on the Bcrrhalde 
 (4330 ft.); hence to the Feldberg Inn 1 hr.] The main road leads 
 from the Adler in a straight direction via Neu-Glashiitte and Alt- 
 Gla^hiitte to (9 M.) Schluchsee (p. 3G3). The Feldberg road, to the 
 right, continues to ascend, commanding for some distance a fine 
 survey of the Barenthal and the Titisee, and then enters beautiful 
 pine-forest. About 3 M. above the Adler the road quits the wood, 
 passes the Menzenschwander Viehhiitte (3940 ft.; about 7 min. below 
 is the Inn znr JaRgermatte, moderate), and reaches (2M.) t\ie*Feld- 
 berg Inn (4200 ft.; R. 11/2-2 J^, B. 80 pf., D. 21/2, pens. 51/3-6 jT/, 
 often full in summer; post-offlce and telephone). 
 
 The path hence to the (I-IV* l^r.) top can scarcely be mistaken. 
 Not quite halfway (25-30 min.) is the Seebuck (4715 ft.), a spot 
 commanding a less extensive but more picturesque *View than the 
 top. Far below, enclosed by precipitous pine-clad mountains , and 
 fed by waterfalls, lies the gloomy little Feldsee (3650 ft. ; reached 
 from the Feldberg Inn by a zigzag footpath in 26 min.); beyond it 
 the Bdrenthal with its numerous chalets, watered by the Seebach ; 
 in the background the W. part of the Titisee] to the S., in clear 
 weather, the Alps.
 
 362 Route 46. FELDBEKG. Black Forest. 
 
 The *reldberg [4900 ft. ; 1000 ft. lower than the Kigi-Kulm) 
 is the highest mountain in tlie Black Forest, and, with the excep- 
 tion of the Bavarian Alps and the Schneekoppe in the Riesen- 
 gebirge. (5260 ft.), also the highest in Germany. The summit 
 consists of a bare plateau, 3 M. long, which is used for pasturing 
 cattle. It commands a magnificent and extensive view of the sur- 
 rounding mountains and valleys , the Swabian Mts., Rhine Valley, 
 and Alps. On the highest point (the 'Hochste') is the Friedrich- 
 LuisenThurm (adm. 20 pf.). — About ' /.2 hr. below the summit to 
 the S. are the Todtnauer Hutte (4335 ft.) and the St. Wilheimer 
 mute (4520 ft.; at both, refreshments and night-quarters). 
 
 Ascent of the Feldberg fkom Obekried (p. 358) through the 
 St. Wilhelmsthal (5 hrs.)- We follow the Todtnau road for 3 M. to a 
 finger-post, indicating the way to the left to the picturesque, wooded, and 
 rocky St. Wilhelmsthal. The broad track crosses the brook four times; 
 beyond the last bridge (2 hrs.) is the humble inn Zum Kapf. The foot- 
 path to the left is to be followed hence; 12 min., ascend to the left, at first 
 gradually, afterwards in rapid zigzags; ^U hr., the wood is quitted (way- 
 post) ; again ascend to the left to the (35 min.) St. Wilheimer Hiitte (see 
 above), from which the tower is attained in 1/2 hr. more.' 
 
 From Oberried through the Zastlerthal (3V4 hrs.). The road is 
 quitted at Oberried, and ihe, Zastlerthal, a narrower and wilder valley than 
 the St. Wilhelmsthal, is ascended. In 2'^/i hrs. we reach Auf dem Rinken., 
 and in 1 hr. more the top, by the route first described (p. 360). 
 
 From Todtnau (p. 36S; S'/a hrs.). We ascend the Brandenherger 
 Thai, on the left bank of the Wiese. At the first house of (IV2 hr.) Fahl 
 we cross the bridge, and 30 paces farther on we ascend to the right by 
 the way-post through fine wood. We then either proceed by the (I'/z hr.) 
 Todtnauer Hiitte. mentioned above, to the (V2 hr.) tower, or follow the 
 left bank of the Wiese direct to the (13/4 hr.) Feldberg Inn. — The 
 ascent from Todtnauberg (p. 368; guide desirable) takes 3 hrs.; the route 
 unites at the Todtnauer Hiitte with that above described. — From the 
 Nothschvei (p. 358) to the top of the Feldberg 2'/2 hrs. ; numerous way-posts. 
 
 From Menzenschwand (p. 371 ; 2 hrs.). This route is also ea.sily found. 
 It ascends by the Alb, crossing it several times, and finally leading along 
 the left bank. 
 
 From St. Blasien (p. 371; 3V2hrs.) we may either follow the road via 
 Menzenschwand, or take the following walk. About 1 M. above St. Blasieu 
 a road diverges to the right from the high-road ascending the Albthal, and, 
 mounting the BUtzberg. leads to (I1/4 hr.) Muchenland (3785 ft.) and (20 min. 
 farther) the Krvmmenkrevz (8770 ft.). Beyond it the path fork.", to the 
 right to Aenle and Aha, to the left, always on the same level, to the(l'/2 2 
 hrs.) Aeulener Kreuz. Hence we ascend the W. side of the Feldberg and 
 the Bdrhalde to the Biirenlhal road in 13/4 hr., or, making a detour by the 
 Zweiseenblick or the Lubberger IloJie, reach the Feldberg Inn in,2V4 hrs. 
 
 From Schlochsee (see below). The road by Uitter and Ober-Aha and 
 Al/glashiitte unites at the Adler in Barenthal with the road from the 
 Titisee, described at p. 361. Walkers may quit the road :it Unter-ALa 
 (see below; 3M. from Schluchsee) for the path indicated by a finger-post 
 to the right. 
 
 From the Feldberg Inn a pleasant path leads to the S. to (IV2 hr.) 
 the Herzogenhorn (4650 ft.), and descends thence either via Bernauhof 
 (3035 ft.) to (2' 2 hrs.) Btmau (p. 372); or. following the. ridge to the S., 
 leads in IV2 hr. to the Wachi, on the road from St. Blasien to Gschwand; 
 thence (with guide only) by {\i^ BWsding (p. 372), the Hohe Zi7ike (4075 ft) 
 and the Hochkopf (4150 ft.) to Todtmoos.
 
 Black Forest. SCHLUCBSEE. 48. Route. 363 
 
 From the Titisbb to Lenzkirch {p\/-} M.), Schluchsbb 
 (10 M.), AND St. Blasibn (19 M.). The road (diligence several 
 times daily) begins to ascend a little way beyond the Gasthof zum 
 Titisee (p. 3601 and enters a fine pine -forest. At the (272 M.) 
 liothenkreuz (3310 ft.), beyond the first bend (p. 360), the road 
 forks. The left branch leads via MuhUngen to Lenzkirch (2655 ft.; 
 *Adl€r or Post; Wilder Mann), a village with 2000 inhab., busied in 
 straw-plaitiiig and clock-making, and consisting of twoportions,06er- 
 lenzkirch and L'nlerlenzkirch. It is frequented as a summer-resort, 
 and pleasant wood-walks may be taken from it to the Stocklebery, 
 the Hochschirm ( V2 ^ir.), and the ruin of Alturach (1/4 hr.). 
 
 Lenzkirch (and Schluchsee) may also be reached by the Neustadt road 
 (p. 360; diligence). The S.E. branch of this road leads from Lenzkirch 
 to (10 M.) Bonndorf fi/Zric/O and (8'/2 M.) Weizen (p. 374; diligence twice 
 daily). Bonndorf is the starting-point tor a visit to the romantic Wutachthal^ 
 in which, about 3 M. from Bonndorf, lies the little Bad £o/r(Kurhaus, 
 board 4, R. from l'/2 -U). surrounded with woods. (Carriage from Neu- 
 stadt to Boll in 2 hrs., 14 Ji ) 
 
 The right branch of the road leads from the Rothenkreuz (see 
 above) via Falkau to (6 M.) Altglashutte (3260 ft.; Lowe, well 
 spoken of), on the E. slope of the Bdrhalde (4330 ft.). It then de- 
 scends, and at (3 M.^ Unter-Aha (Sonne) turns to the E. to the 
 (3 M.) Schluchsee (2965 ft.), the N. bank of which it skirts. The 
 diligence diverges to the left from the new road on the bank, and 
 ascends to the village of — 
 
 10 M. Schluchsee (3120 ft. ; *Stern, K. from 2, board 41/9 «^; 
 Schiff, well spoken of), situated i/o M- from the lake in the midst 
 of pine-forest. The lake, 2M. long, and Vg^^- broad, is well stocked 
 w ith fish (boats for hire). On the bank is a bath - establishment 
 (bath 80 pf.; also warm baths). At the lower end of the lake is 
 the Sethragg Inn (2985 ft.). 
 
 The Faiilenfirst, to which a carriage-road leads from Schluchsee in 
 1 hr., commands a good survey of the Alps (comp. p. 872). 
 
 Fkom Schluchsee to Thiengen (p. 374), 21 V2 M., diligence once daily in 
 43/4 hrs. (returning in 01/4 hrs.), see pp. 374, 375. — The picturesque Schliicht- 
 thal (p. 374) is the only interesting part of the road. — A road descends 
 the Mettinathal from Kothhans, turning to the right after about 3V2 M. to 
 Breuden. Thence to the Schliichtthal via Berau. 41/2 M. 
 
 From Schluchsee the road descends to the new road along the 
 lake, which divides beyond the (IV2 ^^0 Seehrugg (see above), the 
 left branch leading to Kothhaus and Bonndorf (see above), the right 
 to St. Blasien. The latter crosses the Schu-arzach, the brook by 
 which the lake is drained, and leads through pine-forest. About 
 3/4 M. farther on a finger-post indicates a path to the right , lead- 
 ing by Blasiwald (Sonne) and AUhutte to St. Blasien (6 M.; V/.2 M. 
 shorter than by the road, but devoid of shade at places). The high- 
 road now enters the Schwarzhalde, a deep and romantic valley, which 
 it follows nearly to (41 9 M.) Hdusern (p. 372). A little beyond 
 the village it divides (comp. p. 372), the branch to the left leading to 
 (IV2 M.l Hochenschwand (p. 372), that on the right to (21/4 M.) — 
 
 19 M. St. Blasien (p. 371).
 
 364 Route 48. BADKNWEILER. Black Forest, 
 
 h . Badenweiler and Environs. 
 
 Arrival. At the railway-station of Mullheim a Post-Ommbui (dO pf. ; 
 box 40-60 pf.) and Hotel- Omnibuses (1 Jf) and Carriages (4-5V2 Jf incl. 
 gratviity. box 40-60 pf.) are in waiting to convey travellers (in l'/2 br.) to 
 Badenweiler. At Niederweiler a shorter route to Badenweiler (for ped- 
 estrians) diverges to the right (IV4-IV2 hr.). 
 
 Hotels at Badenweiler. *Romerbad. R. from 2 J(, A. 40, B. 1, D. 3, 
 pens. 7V.!-9 Jl according to the season, with handsome 'dependance' ; *Ho- 
 TEL SoMMER, R. & A. 2-4 Jl, B. i Jf 10, D. 3, pens, from TVs ^f', both 
 these hotels have baths. Sonne, unpretending, — Pensions: *Saupe, with 
 shady garden, pens, with R. 6-7V2 Jf; Englek; Hugler; Schinder; 
 Tkautwein: Haus Bueck. — Restaurant at the Curhaus; beer at Afeiss- 
 burger's (also beds). — Private Apartments 6-25 Jl per week. 
 
 At Oberweiler, less expensive than Badenweiler: 'Pension Vknedet^ 
 *Ocus, with garden; Wilder Mann, the last two with baths; Blume; 
 Hasenburg, with brewery. — At Niederweiler, on the road to Mullheim : 
 Lowe, \inpretending. — Haus Baden, see p. 365. 
 
 Visitors' Tax at Badenweiler 2 J( per week, or 20 Jl for the season ; 
 day-ticket 50 pf. Baths at the Marmorbad IV2 .///, per dozen tickets \bjt\ 
 at the Freibad 1 JL tickets per dozen 8-10 Jif. Gentlemen use the Freibad 
 from 6 to 9 a.m. and the Marmorbad 9 to 12, ladies vice versa. 
 English Church Service during the season. 
 
 Carriage Tariff at Badenweiler. By time : first hour 3V2 Jl-, each ad- 
 ditional hour 2V2 Jl- with gratuity of 40 pf. per hour. To the top of the 
 Blatien, one-horse 9 JfJ 80 pf. , two-horse for 2-3 pers. 14, for 4-5 pers. 
 Id Jl, gratuity IV2 Jl; to Biirgeln 7 Uif 40 pf., two-horse IOV2 or 12 Jl^ 
 gratuity 1 Jl; to Kandern. 8 Jl 40 pf., two-horse 12 M, gratuity 1 M; to 
 ficfionau lb Jl 40 pf., two-horse 22 or 28 J^, gratuity 2 Jl. — Donkey to 
 the station 2 Jl. Blauen 33/4 Jl, Belchen 8 Jl, Sophienruhe 70 pf. ; per 
 V2 day 2 Jl 75. whole day 5 Jl 15 pf. — Horse in each case i/sth more. 
 
 Badenweiler (1385 ft. above the sea, 680 ft. above the Rhine), 
 a village with 600 Protestant inhab., lies among the W. spurs of 
 the Black Forest, on a buttress of the Blauen, and commands an 
 unimpeded view across the valley of the Rhine to the Vosges. The 
 thermal springs [77°-80°) , which are almost destitute of mineral 
 ingredients , were known to the Romans. Badenweiler, however, 
 owes its present prosperity to its fine air, beautiful situation, and 
 important whey-cure. It is patronised by over 4000 visitors annually. 
 The Curhans contains concert, ball, and reading-rooms, and a 
 restaurant. Music 6-8 a.m., and 3-5 p.m. 
 
 Adjoining the Curhaus is a large Park, with numerous benches 
 in pleasant situations and aTrinkhalle or covered promenade erected 
 in 1882, containing a bust of the Grand-Duke Friedrich by Moest. 
 It occupies the slope of a hill crowned with the ruins of the Castle 
 (1500 ft.), which was originally built by the Romans to protect the 
 baths, and came into the hands of the Dukes of Zahringen in the 
 11th century. Fine prospect from the ivy-clad walls. 
 
 A little below the Curhaus, to the E., rises the handsome 
 Bath House, with a portico, 108 ft. long and 69 ft. broad, built by 
 Leonhard of Carlsruhe. The arrangement of the interior somewhat 
 resembles that of the ancient Roman baths, all the rooms being 
 vaulted and lighted from above. The principal room contains the 
 Marmorbad, behind which is the open Freibad. Visitors admitted 
 12-1 (Sun. 12-4), 20 pf.; at other times SOJpf.
 
 jf" ^ ^- 

 
 Blark Forest. BADENWEILER. 48. Route. 365 
 
 The ancient *Eoman Baths [keys procured at the hotliouse 
 on the W. side of the Cursaal, fee 30 pf .), in the Park on the N.W. 
 side of the Cursaal, discovered in 1784, are among the finest in 
 existence. Length 106 yds. , breadth 33 yds. ; the walls, parti- 
 tions, pavements, and steps are all well-preserved. The structure 
 is divided into two corresponding parts, the larger of which, to the 
 W., was reserved for the men, that to the E. for the women. On 
 each side there is a vestibule (atrium), used for walking and gym- 
 nastic exercises, whence a passage, adjoined on the S. by the dress- 
 ing-room (apodyterium) and on the N. by the vapour or hot-air 
 bath (caldarium), leads to the t-wo cold-'baiths (frigidaria), each mea- 
 suring 33 by 21 ft. Beyond these are the warm baths (tepidaria)f 
 28Y2 ^y 24Y2 ft. Smaller rooms served as anointing-rooms (unc- 
 toria), and for other purposes. The baths were probably constructed 
 in the 2nd century of ouj era. 
 
 In the valley of the Klemmbach to the N. of Badenweiler, 
 through which the road from Miillheim ascends, are situated the 
 villages of Niederweiler (970ft.) and Oberweiler (1115 ft. ; hotels, 
 see p. 364), both of which are favourite watering-places. The latter 
 is frequented in spring and autumn as being more sheltered and 
 quieter than Badenweiler. Farther up lies Schweighof (1260 ft. ; 
 *Sonne'), 2 M. from Badenweiler, much resorted to by visitors. 
 
 About 3 M. to the N.E. of Oberweiler and 2V4 M. to the N.W. of 
 Schweighof rises the ruin of Neuenfels (1975 ft.), commanding a view of 
 Badenweiler, the Black Forest, and the valley of the Rhine. The paths to 
 the Brudeinnatf/elsen, which also commands an excellent view, 3 M., and 
 ti> Bad Snlzhurg (p. 338), 41/2 31. to the N.E. of Schweighof, are indicated 
 by numerous finger-posts. 
 
 In the environs of Badenweiler are numerous picturesque and 
 well-kept Forest Paths leading to beautiful points of view, and 
 provided tablets with referring to the 'Terrain Cure' (p. 324). 
 
 Proceeding from the Romerbad to the right, through the shady garden 
 of the caatle (open to the public), we reach (5 min.) the corner of a wood 
 on the Kandern road, where a finger-post indicates the ascent to the 
 Sophienruhe: 2 min., at a cross-way, continue to ascend in a straight 
 direction; at the (T min.) 'Ronder turn to the left; 7 min., turn to the 
 left again, then descend slightly to the left; 3 min., the Sophienruhe, 
 an open space on the outskirts of the wood, 200 ft. above the village, com- 
 manding a more picturesque view than the old castle, which with Baden- 
 weiler itself forms a beautiful foreground. 
 
 On the way back, 2 min. from the Sophienruhe, a broad path ascends 
 to the left through wood, crossing the road, to (5 min.) the road to the 
 Blauen and to the (V4 hr.) Alte Sann , a rocky height, accessible by 
 bridges and steps, about 160 ft. higher than the Sophienruhe ; view simi- 
 lar, beautiful wooded foreground. An unimpeded view of Badenweiler is 
 obtained from a rock farther to the S., to which a path, passing to the 
 right of the hut, leads at about the same level. 
 
 "We may then return to Badenweiler by the Schubergsfelsen or by 
 Hans Baden. The Schubergsfelsen^ another point of view, is reached in 
 10 min. by a path which gradually ascends to the N. of the hut. Farther 
 on, the path crosses the road to the Blauen and leads through the narrow, 
 pine-clad Vogelbachthal. — From the Alte Mann a path descends in wind- 
 ings in 1/4 hr. to Hems Baden (1720 ft. ; "Inn), formerly a miners' tavern. 
 Badenweiler, to which there is a carriage-road, lies 1 M. to the N.
 
 366 lionte 48. BLAUEN. Black Forest 
 
 Vdgisheim (90) ft. ; Ochs), a village on the slope of the hill, reached 
 from Badenweiler by a shady path in V/2 hr., is another pleasant ob- 
 ject fiir a walk. Auggen, see p. 338. 
 
 From Badenweilbr to Burgbln (61/2 M-)- '^^^ ^®s* route is 
 by the Kandern road to [II/2 M.) Sehringen. About 1/.2 M. farther 
 on, a path diverges to tlie right to the 'Alpenansicht', on the wooded 
 flank of the Hornle, commanding in clear weather a view of the 
 liornese Alps. 
 
 Schloss Biirgein (2180 ft.; "■■Jnn), 6 M. to the E. of Schliengen 
 (p. 338), was formerly a chateau of the wealthy Benediotine abbey 
 of St. Blasien (p. 371), and was founded in the 12th century. The. 
 stag which figures in the arms of St. Blasien still serves as a weather- 
 cock. The present building, adorned with stucco-ornaments and 
 figures of the patrons of St. Blasien, dates from 1762. The church 
 is used for Roman Catholic worship. 
 
 Biirgein commands a striking and uninterrupted view, resembling, 
 though less extensive than, that from the Blauen, at the S. base of which 
 it lies. Ti) the E. are seen the mountains enclosing the Wiesenthal (p. 368); 
 S.E. the snow-clad Alps from the Scheerhorn to the Jungfrau with the .Tura 
 in front of them; in the foreground well-wooded heights, on the princi- 
 pal (if which Kandern lies-, farther back are Bale, Hiiningen, Miilhausen, 
 and the Vosges. 
 
 Froui Bdrgeln to the Blauen. An easy road, not to be mistaken, 
 with windings which may be avoided by pedestrians, leads to the top in 
 2 hrs. (way-posts). 
 
 About 31/2 M. to the S. of Biirgein lies Kandern (1160 ft. ; Krone ; Blume), 
 a busy little town with 1500 inhab., to reach which a pleasant detour of 
 about 21/2 hrs. may be made via Kasacker^ Vogelbach, and the ruins of 
 Sausenhurg (2180 ft. ; key at Vogelbach), destroyed by the French in 1678. 
 A new path leads from Kandern to the Isteiner Klotz (p. 338). — From 
 Kandern to (10 M.) Lorrach, diligence twice daily, see p. 369; to (51/2 M.) 
 Hrliliengen (p. 338). diligence twice daily- 
 
 The =-Blauen (3830 ft.), one of the highest points of the Black 
 Forest, and the nearest to the Rhine, at the N. base of which Baden- 
 weiler lies, is easily ascended in 21/2 ^irs. The carriage-road, di- 
 verging to the left from the Kandern road at the back of Badenweiler, 
 cannot be missed. About ^-2 hr. from tlie top is a spring of good water, 
 indicated by a finger-post. Apparent short-cuts must be avoided. 
 On the summit are a good inn, and a wooden tower which commands 
 an unimpeded view of the Alps from Glarnisch to the Matterhorn 
 and Mont Blanc, the Jura, the plain of the Rhine, the Vosges, and 
 the Black Forest. — Direct route to the Belchen, 41/2-5 l^rs. 
 
 i. From Badenweiler to the Belchen, and through the 
 Munsterthal to Erotzingen. 
 
 Comp. Map, p. 360. 
 
 One day. — From Badenweiler to the Belchen in 5 hrS. (numerous 
 finger-posts; horse or donkey, see p. 364); down to Neumiihl 2 hrs.; thence 
 to (6V2 M.) Krotzingen, where" the diligence, which starts from Staufen, may 
 be taken for the last stage, 
 
 A good road leads to the E. to (2 M. ) Schweighof (p. 355), 
 where the Badenweiler and Oberweiler roads meet. We then pro- 
 ceed straight on through forest-scenery, following the course of the
 
 Black Forest. BELCHEN. 48. Jioule. 367 
 
 rapid Klemmbnrh. to the (^i/o ^^0 Sirniiz (rustic Inn) in a 
 green dale. The broad road now ascends to the left along the 
 N. slope, and reaches (11/2^.) a saddle where the Belchen becomes 
 visible. Then we descend ; to the right are the (^/^ M.) huts of Ober- 
 Heubronn, where finger-posts indicate the routes to Bad Sulzburg 
 and, a few steps farther on, to the Miinsterthal (vStaufen) ; 1/4 M. 
 farther on is another post indicating the route to the Belchen, to the 
 left; after about 120 paces, ascend in a straight direction. Beyond 
 the first height the path skirts the wood to the left in order to reach 
 the opposite slope, avoiding the valley by a long circuit. In 1/2 ^^' 
 the path enters the wood; ^4 hr., finger-post 'to the Belchenhaus' ; 
 10 min., an open eminence with a hut; 25 min., last saddle; 
 20 min., the Belchenrasthaus ; 10 min., summit. [In the reverse 
 direction we keep to the right at the Rasthaus, at first ascending 
 slightly along the slope of the hill, and then descending in zig- 
 zags ; 50 min. wood ; 20 min. end of the wood. In 25 min. more 
 we reach the road leading to the lower Miinsterthal, from which the 
 (4 min.) road to Miillheim and Badenweiler by the Sirnitz diverges 
 to the left.] 
 
 The *Belchen (^4640 ft.), perhaps the finest point of view in the 
 Black Forest, commands a most picturesque and uninterrupted sur- 
 vey of the surrounding valleys, especially the attractive Miinster- 
 thal towards the W., the Wiesenthal to the S., and the Rhine Valley 
 stretching far into the distance to the W. In clear weather a magni- 
 ficent distant prospect is enjoyed. Four mountain-chains are visible : 
 to the E. the Black Forest with its numerous peaks, W. the Vosges, 
 S. the Jura , and the snow- clad Alps. About 10 min. from the 
 summit is a Rasthaus (Inn; post-office and telephone). 
 
 Ascent of the Belchen from Scuonau (p. 368) in the Wiesenthal (2V4 
 hrs.). Guide unnecespary (numerous finger-posts). A road ascends to the right 
 by the inn Zur Sonne; after S min., turn to the right by a cross; V* br. 
 Schoneberg ; a little farther on, in a straight direction, is a bare eminence 
 from which the Alps are visible. A steep path ascends thence through 
 wood to the crest, where we proceed to the right, eventually over grass, to 
 the Rasthaus. 
 
 From thb Belchen to thb MiInstk^thal we follow the bridle- 
 path to the S., from which on the right (finger-post) diverges a 
 path descending by the Langeck to (l^^hr.) Neumiihl (Krone), 
 where it joins the road from Staufen to Neuenweg and Schopf- 
 heim, which we follow to the right. At (20 min.) the hamlet of 
 Wasen (see below) the Staufen and Schopfheim road unites with 
 the Ober-Miinsterthal road. From this point, down the valley of the 
 Neumagen-Bach, to — 
 
 3 M. Staufen (010 ft. ; Badischer Hof ; Kreuz, well spoken of), 
 an aui'ient town with 1800 inhab., overshadowed by the ruined 
 Staufenburg, the seat of a powerful race which became extinct in 
 1602. Rathhaus of the 16th century. The vineyards on the hill 
 yield good 'Burghalder' wine. 
 
 Staufen is situated at the mouth of the Miinsterthal. The rail-
 
 368 Route 48. WIESENTHAL. ninck Forest. 
 
 way station of Krotzing en (j^.^SS) is 3M. farther on (diligence four 
 times daily in 35 min., in the reverse direction '^/^ hr.}. 
 
 Fkom Staofen to Utzenfeld in THEWiEsiiNTiiAL, I'JM. To (3M.)TFase7t, 
 see above. Ascending the Ober-Miinsterthal to the N.E., towards the Schau- 
 ins-Land, we pass the ancient monastery of St. Trudpevt^ and reach (472 M.) 
 the inn Am Spielweg. A new road ascends hence in long windings 
 towards the S. , through wild and romantic scenery. After 2 M. the 
 iSchar/enstein, a precipitous rock of porphyry, crowned by the scanty re- 
 mains of a robbers' castle, rises on the left, the finest point on the route. 
 The road then reaches (S'/.: M.) the culminating point of the Wiedenereck 
 (3395 ft.), where the road from the Schau-ins-Land, mentioned at p. 337, 
 ends. lA footpath leads hence by the Krinne (see above) to (71/2 M.) the 
 Belchen.] The road descends' hence in numerous windings (commanding 
 a tine view of the Alps) by the village of Wiedeti (Hirsch) to (41/2 M.) Utzen- 
 feld in the Wiesenthal (see below). 
 
 k. The Wiesenthal and the 'Strategic Line'. 
 
 Comp. Map^ p. 360. 
 
 The source of the Wiese is on the S. slope of the Seebuck, not far 
 from the Feldberg Inn. The uppermost part of the valley is traversed 
 by the road leading from the Titisee to Todtnau (from the Feldberg Inn 
 to Todtnau 3 hrs.). 
 
 Todtnau (2130 ft. ; *Oc/is, R. 2, D. 2 Jl; Bar, well spoken of; 
 Sonne^, a thriving little town in a picturesque situation, with 2000 
 inhah., is the highest in the Wiesenthal (road to Kirchzarten, see 
 p. 358). Pleasant excursion to the Todtnauherger Waterfall, formed 
 hy the Bergerbach descending in several leaps, altogether 300 ft. in 
 height, and to Todfnrtu&ery (Stern ; Engel; route to the Feldherg, 
 see p. 362), whence we may return to Todtnau hy Aftersteg (p. 358; 
 a circuit of 9 M.), Comp. the Map, p. 361. 
 
 From Todtnau to Schopfheim, 16 M., railway in ll/o^i^-; f^^r^^s 
 2 J^ 20, 1.50, 1 J^. — The line descends the Wiesenthal, passing 
 through picturesque rocky gorges. 1 M. Schlechtnau; 1^2 M. Ge- 
 schwdnd (Rossle), at the mouth of the Praghach (via Prag to Todt- 
 moos and St. Blasien see p. 372). 31/4 M. Utzenfeld (Eiche), 
 where the Miinsterthal road (see ahove) descends from the Wiedener- 
 eck. 41/2 M. Schonau (1780 ft.; *Sonne, R. 1 ^// 20 pf. ; Ochs; 
 Lowe; Krone; Vier Loxceri], a busy little town with 1300 inhah., 
 prettily situated. Ascent of the Belchen, see p. 367. 
 
 The valley expands. The stream is employed in the irrigation 
 of the land and for the supply of numerous mills and factories. 
 From (574 M.) Wemhach, with its extensive cotton-factory, a car- 
 riage-road leads W. through the Bbllenihal, by Oherbbllen, Neuen- 
 weg, and Oherheuhronn (p. 367), to Oberweiler and Miillheim, 
 7 M. Hepschingen. From (41/2 M.) Mamhach, a picturesque route 
 diverges to the E. through the Angenbach-Thalhy Rohmntt to Todt- 
 moos (p. 370; 8 AL, 3 hrs. walking). — 10 M. Atzenbach (Adler). 
 
 111/4 M. Zell (1460 ft.; Loive; Krone^ 'im Wiesenthal', a 
 prosperous manufactiiring place with 3100 inhah., and important 
 spinning and weaving works. The *ZcZicrJ5Za«cn (3520 ft.; l'/2lir0' 
 towards the N., commands an extensive view.
 
 Black Forest. LORRACH. dS. Route. 369 
 
 13 M. Hansen (1330 ft.; Linde), on the right bank of the stream, 
 where Hebel (b. at Bale 1760, d. 1826), the poet of the Black 
 Forest, spent hfe early years. The valley here 'changes its creed', 
 the inhabitants of the upper part of the valley being Roman Catho- 
 lics, those below Hansen Protestants. A Statue of Hebel was erected 
 in front of the church in 1860. Opposite to it, to the right, is the 
 house of the poet's parents, indicated by an inscription. — 141/2^1. 
 Fahrnau, 4^ 2^^- to ^^^ ^M. of which is the health-resort of Schweig- 
 matt (2550 ft.; Curhaus, R. 1-3, pens. Sy^ M). 
 
 16 M. Schopfheim (1230 ft.; *Pjlug , R. IV2 M\ *Drei Kb- 
 nige') is a small town of some importance (3200 inhab.}, with con- 
 siderable manufactories of cotton, paper , and earthenware. The 
 Hebelshohe, with a temple and bronze bust of Hebel (see above), 
 is a pleasant spot with grounds, 1/2 ^- from the railway-station. 
 
 Schopfheim is the junction of the 'Strategic Railway' built in 
 1887-90, which avoids the Swiss territory near Klein-Basel, and in 
 connection with part of the Wiesenthal railway and with the line 
 from Immendingen to Waldshut (p. 374), now permits through- 
 communication on German soil between S. Germany and the Upper 
 Alsace. From Bale to Sackingex, 26^/9 M., in 17-7-2 hrs.; fares 
 3 Jf 70, 2.80, 1.85. 
 
 Bale (870 ft.), see p. 339. Outside the town, the line diverges 
 to the left from the Schaffhausen and Constance railway (p. 373) 
 and enters the Wiesenthal, to the N.E. On a wooded hill to the right 
 is the church of St. Chrischona, formerly a resort of pilgrims, now a 
 Protestant missionary institution. Beyond (3^/4 M.) Eiehen (Ochs), 
 with its pleasant villas, the German frontier is crossed. From (5 M.) 
 Stetten (945 ft.; Adler) we may ascend in '^ ^^- to Obertullingen 
 (Restaur, near the church), situated on a hill which commands a 
 magnificent view of the Baden Oberland and the mountains of Alsace 
 and Switzerland. 
 
 51/2 M. Lorrach (970 ft.; *Hirsch ot Post; Krone), the most im- 
 portant place in the valley, with 8100 inhab., contains extensive 
 shawl, cloth, and other factories. The Schutzenhaus (1085 ft.) on 
 the Schadelberg commands a fine view. Post-omnibus to (10 M.) 
 Kandern twice daily (see p. 366). 
 
 From Lokkach to Leopoldshohe, 41/2 M., railway in 16 min., entirely 
 on German territory. This line forms the W. end of the 'Strategic Rail- 
 way' (see above). Beyond (IV4 M.) Stetten (see above), the line passes under 
 the Tiillinger Hohe (see abovej by means of a tunnel 945 yds. in length. 3 M. 
 Weil, with numerous villas, vineyards, and fruitgardens. 41/2 M. Leopolds- 
 hohe, see p. 339. 
 
 Farther on, on a wooded eminence to the left, rises Schloss 
 Rotteln (1355 ft.), one of the largest in the Duchy, commanding a 
 fine view, once the residence of the Margraves of Hochberg , after- 
 wards that of the Margraves of Baden. It was taken by Bernhard 
 of Weimar in 1638, dismantled and blown up by the French in 
 
 Baedeker's Rhine. 12th Edit. 04
 
 370 Route 48. TODTMOOS. Black Forest. 
 
 1678, and restored in 1867. *Inn at Rottlerweiler , at the foot of the 
 castle, 11/2 M. from Lorrach; thence to the top Y4 hr. 
 
 71/2 M- Haagen (987 ft. ; Krone), with cotton factories ; on the 
 right Brombach, with the ruins of a castle destroyed in the 17th 
 cent, 101/2 M. Steinen; 12^ 2 M. Maulburg, industrious villages. 
 
 14 M. Schopfheim, the junction of the Zell and Todtnau line 
 (p. 369). 16 M. Fahrnau. 
 
 The strategic line now quits the Wiesenthal and pierces the 
 watershed between the AViese and Wehra by means of a tunnel 
 21, 2 M. in length under the Dinkelberg. I8I/2 M. Hasel (1320 ft. ; 
 Inn). Near the village is the Erdmdnnleinhdhle^ a stalactite cavern, 
 interesting also to the zoologist on account of its white flies and 
 blind white spiders (the inn-keeper at Hasel has the key; 1 J/). 
 
 The line descends the Wehrathal (see below). 20^ 2 M. Wehr 
 (1205 ft.; Krone, Adler), an industrial village with 2900 iuhab., 
 commanded by the ruined castle of Werrach. — 213/^ M. Oeflingen 
 (1086 ft.); 23 M. Brennet (p. 373); 261/2 M. Sdckingen (p. 373). 
 
 1. Wehrathal and Albthal. 
 
 The Wehrathal and Albthal are among: the grandest valleys of the 
 Black Forest. Both are traversed by excellent roads. 
 
 The traveller who desires to descend from the Feldberg to the 
 Rhine by the *Wehrathal should from Geschwdnd (station of the 
 Todtnau and Zell railway, p. 368) ascend the course of the Prdgbach 
 towards the E., at first about 21/2 M. by the road leading over the 
 Wacht to St. Blasien (comp. p. 372), then, at the Hirsch-Inn, di- 
 verge to the right by a stony road ascending to the hamlet of Prdg 
 (2505 ft.), and leaving the road to Herrenschwand to the right, and the 
 Hochkopf (see below) to the left, proceed past Weg to (3 hrs.) Todt- 
 raoos. Todtmoos (2690 ft. ; *Adl€r, D. 21/2 ^; Lowe, well spoken 
 of), a village with a loftily-situated church, much resorted to by pil- 
 grims from the S. portion of the Black Forest and from Switzer- 
 land, lies at the upper end of the Wehrastrasse, which is here joined 
 from the W. by a road from Mambach through the Angenbachthal 
 (p. 368), from the E. by a road from St. Blasien via Mutterslehen 
 (p. 372). Another road to the S. goes to Herrischried, etc. (see p. 373). 
 Attractive ascent of the ^oc/jfeop/" (4150 ft.), lV4hr. from Todtmoos. 
 
 The next village in the Wehrathal is (3 M.) Todtmoos-Au 
 (2290 ft. ; Hirsch), commonly called the Au. The next portion of 
 the Wehrathal is a magnificent rocky ravine, the most striking 
 of all the valleys in the Black Forest. The bold pine-crowned 
 cliffs enclosing the valley are clothed with luxuriant vegetation, 
 broken here and there by imposing masses of barren rock. At 
 the bottom of the valley the rivulet dashes impetuously over the 
 blocks of granite which obstruct its narrow channel, frequently leav- 
 ing but little space for the road. The most striking point is about 
 halfway, at a bridge which carries the road to the left bank of the 
 Wehra. On a precipitous cliff to the left at the outlet of the valley
 
 Black Forest. ST. BLASIEN. 48. Route. 371 
 
 rises the ruin of Barenfels (view-tower). There is no inn between 
 Todtmoos-Au and (9 M.) Wehr^ where we reach the new strategic 
 line (p. 370). 
 
 Albthal. Another very interesting route is that from the 
 Feldherg to St. Blasien , and through the Albthal to the railway. 
 From the Feldberg down to (1^/2 hr.) Menzenschwand , see p. 362. 
 
 Menzenschwand consists of Hinter- Menzenschwand (4430 ft. ; 
 Hirsch) and Vorder- Menzenschwand (4255 ft. ; *Adler, pens. 6 ^). 
 About 6 M. farther down the Albthal (good road, diligence twice 
 daily) lies — 
 
 St. Blasien. — Hotels. 'Hotel & Kurhacs St. Blasien, in the 
 abbev-buildings, with three dependances and a well fitted up hydropathic, 
 R. I'Vi, D. 3. board for a long stay from 5 Jf; Krone, R., L., & A. 2Jf; 
 Hirsch. — Dr. Hauffe^s Kuranstalf, close to the woods, well-equipped with 
 baths and other conveniences for 20-30 invalids, is frequented all the year 
 round; Pension Waldeck {1 Jf). — Numerous Private Apartments. 
 
 Diligence to and from (I8V2 M.) Titisee, twice daily in 4-4V2 hrs. ; to 
 and from (16 M.) Albbruck, twice daily in 3-33/4 hrs.; to and from (14 M.) 
 Waldshut , once daily in S^/i-i^ 2 hrs. (see pp. 363. 372). — Carriage to 
 Albbruck or Waldshut 20 .Yi^. to Brennet through the Wehrathal 25-30 Uif ; 
 one-horse carriage to the Titisee 14 J(. 
 
 St. Blasien (2530 ft.) , a village with 1200 inhab. , was once 
 celebrated for its wealthy and learned Benedictine abbey , founded 
 in the middle of the 10th cent, and secularised in 1805, and is now 
 frequently resorted to as summer-quarters owing to its healthy situa- 
 tion, which affords an agreeable mixture of mountain and forest air. 
 The possessions of the abbey extended over the whole of the S. 
 part of the Black Forest ; in 1611 it attained the freedom of the 
 Empire, and in 1746 its abbot was raised to the dignity of a prince 
 of the Empire. The magnificent library was seriously injured by a 
 fire in 1786, and the volumes that escaped were afterwards removed 
 to Heidelberg. The buildings are now used partly as a hotel and 
 partly as a cotton-mill. The handsome church, built in 1786, after 
 the model of the Pantheon, was almost entirely burned down in 
 1874, but has been restored. The paths in the neighbourhood are 
 distinguished by marks, for the purposes of the 'Terrain Cure' (p. 314). 
 The Tusculum waterfall (10 min.), the Windberg Falls (I/2 lir.). 
 the Calvarienberg and <5and&o(/en (2/4 hr.), with fine views, and other 
 points in the environs afford pleasant objects for walks. The Lehen- 
 kopf (4590 ft. ; fine view of the Alps from the tower on the top), 
 may be ascended in 3/^ hr. The Chasse of St. Blasien contains nu- 
 merous roedeer and feathered game, and good trout-fishing may be 
 enjoyed in the Alb and the Steinach. 
 
 To ScHLUcHSEE (9 M.), See p. 363; diligence, p. 363. The shorter route 
 by Blasiwald is indicated by a finger-post 4 min. below the Krone Inn, on 
 the left of the Albthal road. 
 
 To Geschwand in the Wiesenthal (p. 368: 13 M., 51/2 hrs. on foot). 
 We ascend the Menzenschwand road on the left bank of the Alb, diverge 
 from it to the left beyond (3^/4 M.) the bridge, by which the road crosses 
 to the right bank of the river, and ascend to Unterkhen; then through 
 
 24*
 
 372 Route 48. HOCHENSCHWAND. Black Forest. 
 
 the verdant valley of the Bernau to (6 M. from St.Blasien) Bernan (Ad\er) 
 and the mountain-saddle of the Wachi (3105 ft. ; comp. p. 362), between 
 the Giesiboden (4100 ft.) to the N. and the BlossUng (4300 ft.; 11/4 hr. to 
 the S.). We descend the vallev of the Prdghach^ leaving the village of 
 Prag (p. 368) on the left, to (7 M.) Geschwdnd (p. 368). 
 
 To ToDTMoos (p. 370; 8 M., 3 hrs. on foot), a road leads from St. 
 Bla'ien by Mutterslehen and past the cross on the Hornleberg (3490 ft.), 
 finally descending rather steeply. 
 
 From St.Blasien to (1 6 M.) Albbruck, diligence twice daily (p. 371). 
 As far as (6 M.) Immeneich (see below) the valley is uninteresting. 
 The traveller should therefore follow the Schluchsee road diverging 
 about 3/4 M. from St.Blasien, and then, before reaching the scattered 
 village of (IV2 ^0 Bdusern (Adler; Deutscher Kaiser), take the 
 road to the right, which leads to (IV2 M.) Hochenschwand. Pedes- 
 trians are recommended to follow the 'Alte Strasse', indicated by 
 a finger-post. 
 
 Hochenschwand (3310 ft.; *H6tel Hochenschwand, R.2V2, B. 1, 
 D. 21/2-3, pens. 6-8 J/ \ Hirsch, Krone, unpretending), one of 
 the highest villages in Baden , where straw-plaiting is extensively 
 carried on, is now a popular health-resort. Pleasant walks in the 
 adjacent pine-forest. From the Belvedere, 5 min. from the vil- 
 lage, a magnificent *View (finest at sunrise and sunset) is enjoyed 
 in clear weather, comprising the Algau and Vorarlberg Mts., and the 
 entire chain of the Alps. The sunsets are often superb. Key and 
 panorama at the hotel. 
 
 To regain the Albthal, the direct footpath, descending rapidly to 
 Immeneich (Adler), may be taken. The better route, however, 
 is by a carriage-road, commanding views of the Alps, by (II/4M.) 
 Frohnschwand SiV.^{i ^l.') Tiefenhdusern. About V4 ^- farther on 
 our way (easily overlooked) diverges to the right from the high-road, 
 and we next reach (1/2 M.) Brunnadern (2710 ft.) and (IY2 M.) 
 NiedermiXhle (2005 ft.; Inn), on the Albthal road, IV2 M. to the S. 
 of Immeneich. 
 
 From this point downwards the * Albthal becomes narrower and 
 wilder. The road, designed almost exclusively for the carting of 
 timber, passes between perpendicular rocks, high above the impetuous 
 brook, and affords occasional views of the grand and rocky ravine. 
 The most imposing part of the route is beyond Tiefenstein (Krone, 
 in the village ; Restaurant near the bridge), situated on the right 
 bank, about 5 M. below Niedermiihle. Beyond Tiefenstein five 
 tunnels follow each other in rapid succession. About 2 M. farther 
 on we pass the *H6tel zum Hohenfels, charmingly situated high 
 above the river and surrounded with grounds (fine view of the Alb- 
 thal). Near (2 M.) Albbruck (p. 374), on the Bale-Waldshut Rail- 
 way, the valley opens into that of the Rhine.
 
 373 
 49. From Bale by Schaffhausen to Constance. 
 
 Comp. Map, p. 360. 
 
 90 M. Railway in 3V4-5 hrs. (fares 11 Jl 60, 7 J? 70 pf., 5 Jt). Views 
 on the right. 
 
 Bale., see p. 339. The line, from whicli tlie Wiesenthal railway 
 (p. 369) diverges to the left outside the town, traverses the fertile plain 
 of the Rhine, which here flows in a channel of considerable depth. 
 33/4 M. Grenzach, where excellent 'Markgrafler' (p. 338) is produced. 
 5 M. Wyhlen ; 71/2 M. Herthen. The line now approaches the Rhine, 
 which dashes impetuously over rocks and stones, forming the Hollen- 
 haken and other rapids. Salmon are caught here in large quantities. 
 The opposite Swiss bank is precipitous and wooded. — 91/2 ^I- -Bei 
 Rheinfelden (*Bellevue, with salt-baths ; Railway Hotel). — The 
 Swiss town of Eheinfelden (865 ft. ; ^Hotel des Salines, '/4 M. 
 above the station ; *B6tel Dietschy, with gardens on the Rhine ; 
 Schiitzen ; Schiff, all with salt-baths), with 2200 inhab., was in an- 
 cient times strongly fortified and repeatedly besieged. Since 1801 
 it has belonged to Switzerland. Within the last 20 or 30 years 
 numerous visitors have been attracted to Rheinfelden by its strong 
 saline spring, and by the protection its situation affords against 
 the cold N. winds. 
 
 To the right of (12 M. j Beuggen (910 ft.) is a former lodge of 
 the Teutonic Order, used since 1817 as a seminary for teachers and 
 reformatory for children. — 15 M. Niederschwbrstadt. — 17^2 M- 
 Brennet (Zum Wehrathal; KreuzJ, the station for the Wehrastrasse 
 (see p. 370). 
 
 2OV2M. Sackingen(960ft.; Lowe ox Bad-Hotel; Schutze,J).1Ji; 
 beer at the Schwarze Wallfisch ; Knopf, with a terrace on the Rhine, 
 and unpretending restaurant) , a manufacturing town with 3600 
 inhab., possesses an old abbey-church with two towers, rebuilt in 
 1726, which contains the remains of St. Fridolin, the apostle of 
 this district. The abbey, subsequently a nunnery, was secularised 
 in the early part of the present century. The chateau of Schonau 
 on the Rhine, alluded to in Scheffel's 'Trompeter von Sackingen', is 
 now private property. The river here is crossed by a covered bridge. 
 — Excursion to the (lYo^^O Schwarzsee or Scheffelsee. to the N. of 
 the station, on the road to Herrischried (see below). — Strategic 
 Line to Schopfheim and Lorrach, see p. 370. 
 
 To the left of the railway stands the new church of Ober- 
 Sdckingen. — 24 M. Murg(^i02b ft. ; Zum Murgthal), situated at the 
 mouth of the Murg, in the picturesque valley of which a road as- 
 cends to (6'/4M.) Hottingen (Sonne); on a hill to the left rises the 
 Harpolinger Schloss. Beyond Hottingen the road leads to (3 M.) 
 Herrischried and (71/9 M. farther) Todtmoos (p. 370). 
 
 Opposite (251/2 M.) Klein-Laufenhurg (Post, unpretending) is 
 the Swiss town of Laufenburg {Elieinsoolhad, with salt-baths and a 
 terrace on the river; beer at the Pfau, with view), picturesquely
 
 374 Route 49. WALDSHUT. From Belle 
 
 placed on the left bank, witli its ancient castle, below which the 
 Rhine dashes impetuously over its narrow and rocky bed. These 
 rapids have more than once been successfully navigated, but the 
 experiment is of course extremely perilous. 
 
 The eighth Lord Montagu, the last of his family, perished here in 1793, 
 and by a singular coincidence his ancestral mansion of Cowdray House 
 in Sussex was burned down almost on the same day, and has never 
 heen rebuilt. Below the cataract, salmon are caught in considerable num- 
 bers. Down to 1803 Klein-Laufenburg and Gross -Laufenburg formed a 
 single Austrian town, but the former now belongs to Baden, the latter to 
 Switzerland. *View of Gross-Laufenburg from the Schlossberg. 
 
 The line passes through a tunnel, and beyond (^28^2 M.) Albert- 
 Hauenstein crosses a lofty viaduct. 
 
 30 M. Albbruck (1015 ft. ; Zum Alhthal, veell spoken of), at 
 the mouth of the Albthal (p. 372). — 32^2 M. Dogern. 
 
 35 M. ■Waldsliut(*/Sc/iae<2i6, near the station, with baths ; Hotel 
 Blum, *Rebstock, Rheinischer Hof, in the town), the most important 
 of these small towns on the Rhine, with 2800 inhab., lies at a con- 
 siderable height above the river. Railway to Turgi (Zurich) and 
 Winterthur, see Baedeker s Switzerland. 
 
 From Waldshut to Immendinges, 46V2 31., railway (a section of 
 the strategic line mentioned at p. 369) in 2^li-d^l\ hrs. — 'SVz M. Thiengen; 
 6 M. Oherlauchringen^ see p. 375. Diverging to the left from the Khine 
 valley, the line ascends. 8 M. Ilorheim; IOV2 M. O/teringen; 20 M. Unter- 
 eggingen; 14 M. Eherfingen. 17 M. Stiihlingen (1490 ft. ; Hivsch; Adley\ an 
 old town, commanded by the castle of Hohenlupfen (extensive view). 
 Pleasant excursions to Schleitheim, near which excavations in an ancient 
 Roman camp have brought to light a number of interesting antiquities ; 
 to Untevhallau. etc. — I21/2 M. Weizen (diligence to Bonndorf, p. 363). 
 The valley contracts. The line passes under the ruin of Blumegg by a 
 spiral tunnel 1300 yds. in length, and crosses the Wutach by a lofty 
 bridge. 23V2 M. Grimmelshofeii. Beyond a short tunnel, the line enters 
 the 8-piv&\ Stockhalden- Kehrtunnel^ 1860 yds. in length, by which it ascends 
 in cork-screw fashion. From the station of (26V2 M.) Fiitzen (1930 ft.) we 
 get an interesting survey of the line just traversed. Several viaducts are 
 passed, high above the Wutach valley. 15 M. Eppenhofen. The line 
 reaches its culminating point at (34V2 M-) Zollhaus- Blumberg (2300 ft.) and 
 descends past Riedoschingen, Leipferdingen^ Aulfingen, Kirchen-Batisen, and 
 Hinttchingen to (46V2 M.) Jmmendingen (p. 353). 
 
 Quitting Waldshut, the train passes through a tunnel, and skirts 
 the hills to the left. 
 
 38 M. Thiengen (1140 ft.; Krone; Ochs), an industrial town 
 with 2100 inhabitants. 
 
 A road from Thiengen up the Schliichtthal (diligence to Schluchsee 
 via Birkendorf once daily in 5^/4 hrs.) oilers an interesting walk for 
 part of the way. At (2 M.) the Bruckhaus inn (baths) a covered bridge 
 crosses the ravine \ V2 M. farther on a path descends to the left to the 
 Haselbach Waterfall, 1/4 M. beyond which is the Guttenburg saw-mill, 
 at the foot of a rock crowned with a small ruined castle. About 2V4 M. 
 farther on is the Witznauer Miihle (1430 ft. ; *Inn), at the junction of the 
 Schliichtthal and Schwarzathal. From this point the Schliichtthal vies 
 in picturesque beauty with the Wehrathal and the Albthal. On each 
 side are lofty and partly-wooded rocks. At one place the stream occupies 
 the whole width of the valley, so that at its junction with the Mettma a 
 passage for the new road had to be hewn through the rocks. — Farther 
 on the valley again expands. — 9^/2 M. (from Thiengen^ Uehlingen (2120 ft.; 
 •Posthorn). — 12 BI. Birkendorf (25S0 ft. ; Hirsch ; Post). — 15 M. Graf en-
 
 to Constance. FALLS OF THE RHINE. 49. Route. 375 
 
 hausen (2940 ft. ; Hirsch). — I6V2 M. Rothhaus (319? ft. ; Inn). — iSV'z M. 
 Schluchsee, see p. 363. 
 
 411/4 M. Oberlauchringen, on the Widach ('Strategic Line' to 
 Immendingen, see p. 374). 
 
 The train crosses the Wutach. The ruined castle of Kussenberg, 
 on a wooded eminence to the right, is now passed. — 45 M. Griessen. 
 Beyond (48 M.) Erzingen the train enters Swiss territory. 49 M. 
 Wilchingen (customs examination); 50 M. Neunkirch; 55 M. Be- 
 ringen. 
 
 571/2 M. Nenhausen, station for the Falls of the Rhine. —Hotels. 
 *ScHWEiZERHOF, R., L., (fe A. 5-6, B. IV2, luncheon 3, D. 5, pens, with R. 
 from 9 fr., well managed (no gratuities), with large garden and beautiful 
 views of the falls and the Alps 5 'Bellevce, R., L., «L' A. from 31/2, B. i-^lh 
 D. 4, pens, with R. from 8 fr. Omnibuses from these (H/2 fr.) to and 
 from the steamboats and the railway-station at Schaffhausen. — In the 
 village of ^euhausen : *H6tel Rheinfall, *Rheinhof, with baths, mod- 
 erate. — IV2-2 hrs. are sufficient for a visit to the falls. In summer the 
 falls are illuminated every evening with electric light, for which a charge 
 of 1 fr. is made in each bill. 
 
 The "Tails of the Rhine, one of the finest cascades in Europe 
 locally called the 'Laufen', descend in three leaps over a ledge of 
 rock of unequal height. The breadth of the river above the falls is 
 about 126 yds. The height of the umbroken fall is 62 ft. near the 
 left bank and 49 ft. by the right. If the rapids above and below 
 are taken into consideration the whole fall is nearly 100 ft. high. 
 The river is largest in June and July, owing to the melting of the 
 snow. On a wooded rock high above the falls, on the left bank, is 
 the picturesquely-situated Schloss Laufen (*Inn), the garden of 
 which aflfords the best points of view : viz. the Pavilion, the Kdnzli, 
 and in particular the Fischetz, a gallery projecting almost into the 
 roaring cataract (adm. 1 fr. each ; no gratuity). — From the Neu- 
 HAUSBN Station we descend through the pleasure-grounds to the 
 Schlosschen Wo rf/t (Inn; ferry 50 c.), which commands a superb view 
 of the falls. We then visit the different points of view at Schloss 
 Laufen, and return by the Rheinfallbriicke to Neuhausen. Comp. 
 Baedeker s Switzerland. 
 
 58 V2 ^1- Schaffhausen. — Hotels. 'Hotel Muller,'RheixischeeHof, 
 Riese, all near the station ; in the town, *Post; Kroxe; *Schwan ; Taxxe, 
 ScHiFF , unpretending. — Railway Restaurant. — River Baths above the 
 town. 
 
 Schaffhausen (1295 ft.), a picturesque old town with 11,800 in- 
 hab., on the right bank of the Rhine, the capital of the Swiss canton 
 of the same name, was formerly a free imperial city, and still re- 
 tains many of its ancient characteristics. The early-Romanesque 
 MUnster, a basilica supported by columns, was built in 1052-1101, 
 and has lately been restored. The massive tower of Schloss Munoth 
 dates from the 12th and 16th cent, (view from the top). The Fdsen- 
 staub Promenade affords a beautiful view of the Rhine and the Alps. 
 
 62 M. Herblingen; 65 M. Thayingen. The train now re-enters 
 Raden. 68 M. Gottmadingen. — 72 M. Singen (Krone; Ekkehard;
 
 376 Route 49. CONSTANCE. 
 
 Adler), the junction of the Black Forest Railway (R. 48 d) and of 
 the Upper Neckar line (see Baedeker s S. Germany}. Luggage exam- 
 ined here. 
 
 About 31/2 51. to the X.W., on an isolated basaltic rock, rises the for- 
 tress of *Hohentwiel (2265 ft.), an 'enclave' of Wurtemberg within the 
 Bavarian dominions, which was bravely and successfully defended by the 
 Wurtemberg commandant Wiederhold in the Thirty- Years' War. The 
 grand ruins command a fine prospect of the Tyrolese and Swis.s Alps as 
 far as 3Iont Blanc. A guide and the keys of the tower are procured at 
 the */nft halfwav up (21/2 M. from the station). 
 
 751/2 M. Rickelshausen. — 78 M. Radolfzell (1305 ft.; *Schiff^ 
 Krone}, an ancient town, with walls and gates, is situated on the Vn- 
 tersee. The handsome Gothic church, dating from 1436, contains the 
 tomb of St. Radolf and a fine reliquary (left side-altar) , dating 
 substantially from the 9th century. At the Villa Seehalde is a mon- 
 ument to its former owner, the poet Victor von Scheffel (d. 1886). 
 Radolfzell is the junction of the line to Mengen (Sigmaringen) and 
 rim (see Baedeker's Southern Germany'). 
 
 781/2 M. Markelfingen ; 82^2 M. Allensbach. — 86 M. Reichenau.i 
 the station for the island of that name, which is connected with 
 the mainland by a long mole (1 M.) and has long been visible to 
 the right. 
 
 The island of Reichenau, belonging to Baden, is 3 M. long and 1 M. 
 wide. It was formerly the seat of a famous Benedictine Abbey, founded in 
 72i and suppressed in 1799. Approaching from the mainland, we pass the 
 ruined tower of Schopeln. the abbot's residence, and reach Oberzell, a ham- 
 let with a Romanesque church of the 11th century. — In the middle of 
 the island lies its largest village (1000 inhab.), MiiteUell or Miinster (Mohr; 
 Bar), the church of which, consecrated in 806 and dating in its present 
 form from the ll-12th cent, (choir, late-Gothic, 1448-1551), was the church 
 of the above mentioned abbey. Charles the Fat, great-grandson of Charle- 
 magne, who was dethroned in 887, was interred in this church. The 
 sacristy contains some fine reliquaries. — The church of Mederzell, at the 
 If.W. end of the island, also dates from the 11th century. — Fine view 
 from the belvedere on the Friedrkhshohe (key kept by the burgomaster 
 of Mittelzell). — The steamers between Constance and Schaffhausen touch 
 at Reichenau twice daily. 
 
 The train crosses the Rhine by an iron bridge and stops at — 
 
 90 M. Constance. — Hotels. ' Insel Hotel, in the old Dominican 
 monastery, with a garden and view of the lake, R., L., <fe A. 2-3, B. 1, D. 
 3 Jl\ *H6tel Halm, opposite the station, R. & A. 2 Jl^ B. 80 pf. ; *Hecht; 
 *Badischer Hof; Anker, Schiff, and Falke, second-class. 
 
 Constance (1335 ft.), with 16,200 inhab., a free town of the 
 Empire down to 1548, lies at the N.W. end of the Lake of Con- 
 stance, at the efflux of the Rhine. The Cathedral, with its inter- 
 esting sculptures and rich treasury , the Stadt- Kanzlei (frescoes 
 outside), the old Kaufhaus with the Council Chamber (also adorned 
 with frescoes), and the Rosgarten Museum are the chief attractions. 
 Pleasant excursion to the island of Mainau (11/2 l^r.), formerly the 
 seat of a commandery of the Teutonic Order and now a summer re- 
 sidence of the Grand Duke of Baden. For fuller details see Bae- 
 deker^s S. Germany, or Baedeker's Switzerland.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Aachen 4. 
 
 Aar Valley, the 199. 
 Abenden 14. 
 Acher, the 343. 345. 
 Achern 329. 
 Adenau 92. 
 Adolphseck, ruin 134. 
 Adolphshohe (Wies- 
 baden) 140. 
 Aeule 362. 
 Aftersteg 358. 368. 
 Agger, the 57. 
 Aglasterhausen 243. 
 Aha 362. 
 
 Ahr, the 65. 71. 184. 
 Ahr, Valley of the 70. 
 Ahrweiler 89. 
 Aix-la-Chapelle 8. 
 Alb, the 362. 
 Albbruck 374. 372. 
 Alberschweiler 280. 
 AlberschweilerThal 289 
 Albersweiler 265. 
 Albersbach 360. 
 Albert-Hanenstein 374. 
 Albig 252. 
 Albisheim 253. 
 Albshausen 201. 
 Albsheim 253. 
 Albthal 372. 
 Aldekerk 51. 
 Aldenhoven 15. 
 Alexanderschanze, the 
 
 346. 347. 
 Alf 179. 178. 
 — , the 179. 
 Alfthal. the 179. 187. 
 Aiken 175. 
 AUensbach 376. 
 Allerheiligen 345. 846. 
 Allerheiligenberg, the 
 
 103. 
 Allner, castle 58. 
 Alpersbacher Thai 357. 
 Alpirsbach 355. 
 AlsbacherSchloss,the 227. 
 Alsenz 155. 
 — , the 155. 
 Alsheim 248. 
 Alspach 302. 
 Altarstein, the 230. 
 Alt-Breisach 387. 
 
 Alt-Eberstein 326. 
 
 Alte Burg (near Boppard) 
 
 108. 
 .\lte Mann, the 365. 
 Altena 56. 
 Altenahr 91. 
 Altenbach 309. 
 Altenbamberg 154. 
 Altenbaumburg, the 154. 
 Altenberg(nearBergisch- 
 
 Gladbach) 23. 
 (on the Lahn) 201. 
 
 , the 292. 306. 
 Altenburg (Ahr) 91. 
 -. the (Moselle) 175. 
 \ltendorf 54. 
 Altenglan 260. 
 Altenhainer Thai 219. 
 Altenhundem 56. 
 .\ltenkirchen 75. 
 Altenstein 133. 
 Altglashiitte 361. 363. 
 Althiitte 363. 
 Altkirch 287. 
 Altkonig, the 220. 
 Vltlussheim 244. 
 Alt-Munsterol 287. 
 Altrich 179. 
 Altschweier 328. 
 Alturach, ruin 363. 
 Altweier 298. 
 Altwied 68. 
 Alt-Windeck 32S. 
 Alzey 252. 
 
 Amanweiler 161. 162. 
 Ammerschweier 301. 
 Amorbach 233. 
 Ampfersbach 306. 
 Am Thurm 349. 
 Andel 182. 
 
 Andernach 67. 70. 75. 
 Andlau 296. 
 Anebos, ruin 266. 
 Angenbachthal, the 363. 
 Annaberg 327. 
 Annathal 74. 
 Annweiler 265. 
 Anrath 54. 
 Ans 2. 
 
 Antogast 347. 
 Antoniusstein, ruins 95 
 Antweiler 92. 
 
 Apollinarisbrunnen 88. 
 Apollinariskirche, the 64. 
 
 71. 74. 
 Appel, the 155. 
 Appenweier 329. 
 Ardeck 199. 
 Aremberg 92. 
 Arenberg 103. 
 Arenfels 65. 70. 74. 
 Argenschwang 155. 
 Ariendorf 65. 74. 
 Armsheim 252. 
 Arnhem 17. 
 Arnsberg 277. 
 Arnstein, monast. 198. 
 Arras, Burg 187. 
 Ars-sur-Moselle 163. 
 Arzweiler Tunnel 279. 
 Asbach 243. 
 Asbacher Thai 87. 
 Aspach 310. 
 Asselheim 253. 
 Assmannshausen 117. 131. 
 Astenet 3. 
 Asterstein, the 102. 
 Attenbach 58. 
 Attendorn 56. 
 Atzenbach 368. 
 Au (ilurgthal) 342. 
 
 — (Siegthal) 58. 
 
 — (Todtmoos) 370. 
 Aubure 298. 
 Auburg 185. 
 
 Aue 310. 
 Auerbach 227. 
 Auf demRinken 360. 362. 
 Auggen 338. 
 Augusthohe, the 74. 
 Aulhausen 127. 
 Aumenau 200. 
 Auringen-Medenbach 221. 
 Auw 186. 
 Avolsheim 291. 
 Avricourt 280. 
 
 Baal 53. 
 
 Babenhausen 232. 
 
 Bacharach 114. 129. 
 
 Bachem 89. 
 
 Baden 318. 
 
 Badener HGhe. the 325. 
 
 Badenweiler 364.
 
 378 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Baderlei, the 196. 
 Baiersbronn 343. 
 Baldeneltz, castle 176. 
 Baldenweger Hutte 360. 
 Balduinstein 199. 
 Bale 339. 
 
 Ballersteinkopf 282. 
 Ballon dWlsace 310. 
 Ballon de Servance 310, 
 — de Soultz 309. 
 Bammenthal 243. 
 Ban de la Roche 2S0. 
 Banzenheim 287. 
 Barbelroth 257. 
 Barbelstein 267. 
 Barenfels, ruin 371. 
 Biirenhiitte 302. 
 Biirenthal, the (Black 
 
 Forest) 360. 361. 
 Barhalde, the 363. 3-10. 
 Barl, the 180. 
 Barmen 55. 
 Baroche, La 303. 
 Barr 292. 
 Bartenheim 287. 
 Basel 339. 
 Bastberg, the 279. 
 Battert, the 326. 
 Baudrecourt 280. 
 Bausenberg, the 95. 
 Baverfeld 155. 
 Bechine, the 302. 
 Beckingen 165. 
 Bedburg 15. 
 Beekhuizen 17. 
 Beerfelden 234. 
 Beiertheim 318. 
 Beilstein 178. 
 Bei Rheinfelden 373. 
 Belchen, the 367. 
 — . Kleine 306. 
 — , Snlzer 309. 
 — , Walsche 310. 
 Bel fort 287. 
 Bellevue 296. 
 Bellheim 264. 
 Bellingen 333. 
 Belmont 290. 
 Bendorf 69. 76. 
 Benfeld 283. 
 Bengel 179. 
 Beningen 159. 278. 
 Bennweier 283. 
 Benrath 23. 
 Bensberg 23. 60. 
 Hensdorf 2S0. 
 Bensheim 228. 
 Berau 363. 
 Berchem 164. 
 Berg 26i. 
 Bergen 231. 
 Bergerbach, the 368. 
 Berghausen 264. 311. 
 
 Bergheim 15. 
 Bergisch-Gladbach 23. 
 Berg-Nassau 198. 
 Bergstein 14. 
 — , the 255. 
 Bergstrasse, the 226. 
 Bergzabern 257. 
 Beringen 375. 
 Bermeringen 280. 
 Bermersbach 342. 
 Bernau 372. 
 — , the 372. 
 Bernauhof 362. 
 Berncastel 182. 
 Berneck, the 350. 
 Bernstein, ruin 292. 
 Berthelmingen 280. 
 Bertrich 187. 178. 
 Besenfeld 343. 
 Eessungen 226. 
 Betteldorf 189. 
 Bettemburg 164. 
 Betzdorf 57. 58. 
 Beuel 73. 74. 
 Beuggen 373. 
 Beul 89. 
 
 Beurener Thai 325. 
 Beurig 165. 
 Bexbach 260. 
 Bevbachthal, the 176. 
 Biberach 349. 
 Biblis 2-22. 226. 
 Bickenbach 226. 229. 
 Biebermvihle 265. 
 Biebernheim 110. 
 Biebesheim 222. 
 Biebrich 125. 131. 216. 
 Biewer 179. 
 
 Bildstock Tunneljthe 158. 
 Bilstein 298. 
 Binau 243. 
 
 Bindersbach, the 265. 
 Bingen 118. 129. 
 Bingerbriick 118. 120. 
 
 129. 131. 
 Binger Loch, the 117. 
 Bingert 139. 15i. 
 Binsenwasen, the 327. 
 Birkenau 231. 228. 
 Birkendorf 374. 
 Birkenfeld (Kahe) 157. 
 
 — (near Pforzheim) 312. 
 Birkenfeld-Neubriicke 
 
 157. 
 Birkenkopf, the 324. 
 B irk well er 265. 
 Birlenbach 199. 
 Birresborn 185. 
 Birten 51. 
 Bischheim 264. 
 Bischofsheim (Alsace) 
 
 292. 
 
 — (Hessen) 223. 215. 
 
 Bischofstein 176. 
 Bischweiler 258. 
 Bisten, the 361. 
 Bitburg 186. 
 Bitsch 277. 
 Bitschweiler 309. 
 Black Forest, the 339. 
 Blanc, Lac 303. 
 Blankenberg 58. 
 Blankenheim 184. 
 Blasiwald 363. 
 Blauen, the 366. 
 Bleckhausen 192. 
 Bleialf li-5. 
 Bleidenstadt 133. 
 Blens 14. 
 Bleybach 357. 
 Blochereck, the 345. 
 Bloss, the 295. 
 Bliicherthal, the 115. 
 Blumenthal 184. 
 Blulteberg 2U8. 
 Bobenheim 248. 
 Bochum 18. 
 Bockelheim, ruins 155. 
 Bockenheim (Alsace) 280. 
 
 — (Frankfort) 59. 215, 
 216. 
 
 — (Palatinate) 253. 
 Bockfelsen 242. 
 Bodendorf 88. 
 Bodenheim 247. 
 Bodingen, monast. 58. 
 Boes 176. 
 
 Bohl 255. 
 Bohrerbach 337. 
 Boll 363. 
 
 Bollenthal, the 368. 
 Bollweiler 285. 
 Bonames 59. 
 Bondorf 74. 
 Bonhomme, Le 302. 
 — , Col du 302. 
 Bonn 76. 60. 72. 
 Bonndorf 363. 
 Boosenburg, the 121. 
 Boppard 107. 129. 
 Bornhofen 108. 130. 
 Borrstadt 252. 
 Bos, the 124. 121. 
 Botzberg, the 362. 
 Bourg-Bruche 290. 
 Bous 165. 159. 
 Boxtel 18. 
 Boj'neburg 154. 
 Brand 12. 
 Brandenberger Thai, the 
 
 362. 
 Brandenburg, Inn 358. 
 Braubach 106. 130. 197. 
 Braunberg, the 346. 347. 
 Braunchesberg. the 134. 
 Brauneberg, the 182.
 
 Braunfels 201. 
 Braunsburg, the 69. 
 Brauweiler 15. 
 Brebach 278. 
 Brege, the 356. 
 Breiberg, the 87. 
 Breidscheid 92. 
 Breisgau, the 332. 
 Breitenbach 297. 306. 
 Breitnau 360. 
 Bremerhof .253. 
 Bremm 178. 
 Brend, the 356. 
 Brenden 363. 
 Brennet 373. 370. 
 Bressoir. the 298. 
 Bretzenheim 151. 
 Breuberg, ruin 232. 
 Breusch, the 289. 
 Brexbachthal 75. 
 Brev iU6. 
 Briedel 180. 
 Briedern 178. 
 Brigach, the 351. 
 Brigittenschloss, the 329. 
 Brodenbach 176. 
 Broel, the 58. 
 Brohl (Rhine) 66. 70. 
 
 94. 
 Brohlbach, the 94. 66. 
 Brohlthal. the 94. 
 Brombach 370. 
 Bromberg, the 336. 
 Bromserburg, the 121. 
 Broque, La 289. 
 Brothers, the 108. 
 Brotzingen 312. 
 Bruchmiilbach 260. 
 Bruchsal 311. 
 Bruchweiler 267. 
 Brack 91. 
 Bruckhaus 374. 
 Brudermattfelsen 365. 
 Bi-udersmatt 302. 
 Bruhl 72. 
 Brumath 278. 
 Bninadern 372. 
 Brunhildenbett. the 220 
 Brunnenburg 198. 
 Bruschbiickel 298. 
 Brussels 1. 
 Bruttig 177. 
 Bniville 163. 
 Bubenhauser Hohe, the 
 
 132. 121. 124. 
 Buchenbach 358. 
 Buchenbriicken 59. 
 Buchenloch 185. 
 Buchholz (Elzthal) 857. 
 — (Manderscheid) 191. 
 Bnchsweiler 279. 
 Budenheim 125. 129. 
 Biiderich, island 51. 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 379 
 
 Biidesheim 251. 
 
 Chausseehaus(nearWies- 
 
 Buggingen 338. 
 
 baden) 140. 133. 
 
 Bvihl (near Baden) 328. 
 
 Chenee 2. 
 
 — (near Gebweiler) 308. 
 
 Christophsthal 343. 
 
 Buhlbach 343. 
 
 Clarenthal 140. 
 
 Buhlerthal 328. 
 
 Clausen 182, 
 
 Buir 15. 
 
 Clef, the 165. 
 
 Bulach 318. 
 
 Clemenscapelle, the 117. 
 
 Bullav 178. 
 
 Cleve 51. 
 
 Bunte Kuh, the 90. 
 
 Climont, the 290. 288. 
 
 Bnrbach (near Betzdorf) 
 
 Clotten 177. 
 
 58. 
 
 Cliisserath 183. 
 
 — (near Saarbriicken) 
 
 Cobern 175. 
 
 165. 
 
 Coblenz 1*6. 
 
 -, waterfall 354. 
 
 Coblenzer Forsthaus 
 
 Burs (Black Forest) 358. 
 
 197. 
 
 — (Moselle) 181. 
 
 Cochem 177. 
 
 Burgberg 14. 
 
 Cochemer Berg, the 177. 
 
 Burgbrohl 95. 
 
 Colin 155. 
 
 Biirgeln 366. 
 
 Colmar 283. 
 
 Burgen 176. 
 
 Cologne 24. 
 
 Barnhaupt 310. 
 
 Altenmarkt-Fountain 
 
 Biirresheim 94. 
 
 41. 
 
 Biirscheid 179. 
 
 Apostles' Church 44. 
 
 Biirstadt 222. 228. 
 
 Aquarium 48. 
 
 Burtscheid 12. 
 
 Archiepisc. Museum 
 
 Bussang 310. 
 
 35. 
 
 — , the Col de 309. 
 
 - Palace 46. 
 
 Bust 279. 
 
 Arsenal 39. 
 
 Butgenbach 13. 
 
 Art Exhibitions 26. 
 
 Biittenstein Falls,the 346. 
 
 Baths 25. 
 
 Butzbach 59. 
 
 Baventhurm 47. 
 
 
 Casino 44. 
 
 Csecilienberg, the 325. 
 
 Cathedral 28. 
 
 Calcar 52. 
 
 Cemetery 48. 
 
 Calcum 18. 
 
 Concerts 25. 
 
 Call 184. 
 
 Eau de Cologne 26. 
 
 Calmbach 312. 
 
 Eigelstein-Thor 48. 
 
 Calmond, the 178. 
 
 Flora Garden 48. 25. 
 
 Calvarienberg 80. 
 
 Gates 43. 48. 
 
 Camberg 221. 
 Camp 108. 130. 
 
 Gewerbe-Schule 45. 
 
 Governm. Buildings 
 
 Camphausen 158. 
 
 39. 
 
 Capellen 104. 15. 128. 
 
 Gross-St. Martin 41. 
 
 Garden 177. 
 
 Guardhouse 39. 
 
 Carlshalle 153. 
 
 Giirzenich, the 41. 
 
 Carlshohe 12. 
 
 Gymnasium 43. 
 
 Carlsruhe 312. 
 
 Hahnenthor 48. 
 
 Casel 183. 
 
 Heumarkt 42. 
 
 Casselburg, the 184. 
 
 Hochstrasse 39. 
 
 Casselsruhe, the 81. 
 
 Hospitals 44. 
 
 Castel (near Mayence) 
 
 Iron Bridge 35. 
 
 216. 
 
 Jabach's House 44. 
 
 - (Saarburg) 165. 
 
 Jesuits' Church 47. 
 
 Cat. the, ruin 111. 
 
 Konigin- Augusta-Pas- 
 
 Cattenes 175. 
 
 sage 40. 
 
 Caub 113. 130. 
 
 Library, Civic 41. 
 
 Champ du Feu 297. 
 
 Marienburg 25. 
 
 Chapelle, La 303. 
 
 Mariensiule 46. 
 
 Chatel 162. 
 
 Mauritius Church 45. 
 
 Chatenois 297. 
 
 Minorites' Church 39. 
 
 Chatte Pendue, the 290. 
 
 Miiseum, Arch iepis co- 
 
 Chaudfontaine 3. 
 
 pal 35.
 
 380 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Cologne : 
 Museum, Municipal 35. 
 
 — of Industrial Art 39. 
 Neumarkt 44. 
 Oberlandesgericht 39. 
 Panorama 48. 25. 
 Railway Stations 24. 
 Rathhaus 40. 
 Ringstrasse 47. 
 Romerthurm 39. 46. 
 Rubens's House 44. 
 St. Andreas 47. 
 
 St. Csecilia 44. 
 
 — Cunibert 47. 
 
 — George 43. 
 
 — Gereon 45. 
 
 — Maria im Capitol 42. 
 
 — Blartin 41. 
 
 — Pantaleon 45. 
 
 — Peter 44. 
 
 — Severin 43. 
 
 — Ursula 46. 
 Spanish Building 41. 
 Stadt-Garten 48. 25. 
 Statue of Fred. Will. 
 
 III. 42. 
 
 Fred.Will.IV.35. 
 
 William I. 35.48. 
 
 Bismarck 44. 
 
 Moltke 41. 
 
 Job. V. Werth 
 
 41. 
 
 Severin's Thor 44. 
 
 Steamboats 26. 
 
 Synagogue 39. 
 
 Technical College 48. 
 
 Templars" Lodge 43. 
 
 Theatres 39. 25. 
 
 Tramways 25. 
 
 Trinity Church 43. 
 
 Turnhalle 45. 
 
 Ulre Monument 48. 
 
 Wolkenburg, the 44. 
 
 Zoolog. Garden 48. 25. 
 Colombey 163. 
 Cond 177. 
 Constance 376. 
 Conz 166. 
 Conzen 13. 
 Cordel 186. 
 Cornelymvinster 13. 
 Corny 164. 
 Corray 180. 
 Cottenheim 93. 
 Courcelles-sur-Nied 159. 
 Cramberg Tunnel 199. 
 Cranenburg 52. 
 Crefeld 50. 53. 
 Creuzthal 56. 
 CroflF 181. 
 Cronberg 218. 
 Croneburg 154. 
 Cronthal 219. 
 
 Cuchenheim 183. 
 Cues 182. 
 Ciirrenberg 94. 
 Curve 216. 
 
 Daaren-See, the 303. 
 Dachsberg 227. 
 Dagsburg, the (near 
 
 Zabern) 282. 
 — . — the (near Egis- 
 
 heim) 285. 
 Dahn 267. 257. 
 Dalberg 155. 
 Dambach 292. 
 Dambachthal, the 139. 
 Dammerkirch 287. 
 Dannemarie 287. 
 Dannenfels 252. 
 Danube, the 353. 
 Darmstadt 223. 
 Darstein 265. 
 Dattenberg 65. 
 Dauchstein, ruin 243. 
 Daun 184. 189. 
 Dauner Leven, the 190. 
 — Maare, the 190. 
 Dausenau 197. 
 Dechenhohle, the 5?. 
 Dehru (castle) 200. 
 Deidesheim 264. 
 Delemont 287. 
 Delsberg 287. 
 Denn 91. 
 Dennthal 92. 
 Densborn 186. 
 Denzlingen 331. 357. 
 Derkum 183. 
 Dernau 90. 
 Derschlag 57. 
 Dettweiler 278. 
 Detzem 183. 
 Deurenburg, ruin 109. 
 Deutsch-Avricourt 280. 
 Deutsch-Rumbach 298. 
 Deutz 27. 49. 55. 
 Devant-les-Ponts 164. 
 Devirs Ladder (Lorch) 
 
 115. 
 Dhaun 156. 
 Dhun, the 23. 
 Dieblich 175. 
 Diedenbergen 216. 
 Diedenhofen 164. 
 Diedesfeld 256. 
 Diedesheim 243. 
 Diedolshausen 302. 
 Diekirch 173. 
 Dielkirchen 155. 
 Diemersteiu 259. 
 Dierdorf 75. 
 Diessendobel. the 337. 
 Dietenmiihle, the 139. 
 Dietkirchen 200. 
 
 Dietz 199. 
 Dieulouard 164. 
 Dill, the 58. 201. 
 Dillenburg 58. 
 Dillingen 165. 
 Dilsberg, castle 242. 
 Dinglingen 330. 
 Dinkelberg 370. 
 Dinslaken 18. 
 Disibodenberg 155. 
 Dobel 312. 341. 
 Dockweiler 184. 189. 
 Dogern 374. 
 Dolhain 3. 
 Dollendorf 73. 86. 
 Dollerthal, the 310. 
 Dombruch, the 84. 
 Donatusberg 65. 
 Donaueschingen 352. 
 Donnersberg, the 252. 
 Donon, the 289. 
 Dorlisheim 291. 
 Dormagen 49. 
 Dornach 285. 308. 
 Dornbach, the 116. 
 Dornberg 222. 223. 
 Dornheim 222. 
 Dornigheim 231. 
 Dortelweil 59. 
 Dortmund 18. 
 Dossenheim 279. 
 Dottelbach 348. 
 Dotzheim 133. 
 Drachenburg, chateau 84. 
 Drachenfels, castle 84. 
 — (Palatinate) 267. 
 Drachenstein 259. 
 Draischberg 71. 
 Drei Aehren 304. 
 Dreien-Egisheim 285. 
 Dreien-Exen, the 285. 
 
 305. 
 Drei-Fiirstenstein 344. 
 Dreihof 264. 
 Dreis 184. 
 
 Dreisam,the337.333.358. 
 Dreisam Canal 337. 
 Dreisen 252. 
 
 Dreiser Weiher, the 184. 
 Dreistein, ruin 296. 
 Driebergen 17. 
 Dromersheim 251. 
 Dromm, the 231. 
 Druidenfelsen 290. 
 Drusenheim 264. 
 Drusweiler 257. 
 Dudeldorf 186. 
 Dudweiler 158. 
 Duisburg 18. 
 Dumpelfeld 92. 
 Diiren 14. 
 Diirkheim 263. 
 DurlachSU.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 381 
 
 Diirrheim 352. 
 Dusemond 182. 
 Dusenbachthal, the o(X». 
 Diisselbach, the 19. 
 Diisseldorf IS. 56. 
 Diisselthal 23. 
 Dutenhofen 5S. 
 Dvck, Schloss 53. 
 
 Eberards-Clausen 179. 
 Eberbach (Alsace) 258. 
 
 — (Rheingau) 123. 121. 
 
 — (on the Xeckar) 242. 
 234. 
 
 Eberfingen 374. 
 Ebernach 177. 
 Ebernburg 154. 155. 
 — , the 154. 
 Ebersheim 283. 
 Eberstadt 226. 
 Eberstein, castle 341. 
 Ebersteinburg 326. 
 Ebertsheim 253. 
 Ebnet 353. 
 Echternach 173. 
 Eekardsberg, the 33S. 
 Eckfeld 191. 
 Eckirch 298. 
 Eckle, the 344. 
 Edelfrauengrab, the 345. 
 Edenkoben 256. 255. 
 Edesheim 256. 
 Ediger 178. 
 Efringen 338. 
 Eggenstein 247. 
 Egisheim 285. 
 Ehrang 179. 183. 187. 
 Ehrenbreitstein 102. 
 Ehrenburg (Moselle) 176. 
 Ehrenfeld 15. 
 Ehrenfels 118. 131. 
 Ehrenthal (Rhine) 109. 
 
 — (Saarbriicken) 158. 
 Ehringshausen 58. 
 Eibingen 122. 
 Eichberg 121. 124. 
 Eichhofen 292. 
 Eifel, the 187. 
 Eimeldingen 339. 
 Eineburg, the 3. 
 Einod 260. 
 Einruhr 15. 
 Einsitterbach 87. 
 Eisbach, the 253. 
 Eisenbach 260. 
 Eisenberg 253. 
 Eisenschmitt 192. 
 Eiserne Hand 133. 
 Eitorf 58. 
 Elbachthal 343. 
 Elberfeld 55. 
 Elfenmiihle 188. \ 
 Elisabethenhohe 125. ' 
 
 EUenz 178. 
 Eller 178. 
 — , Schloss 23. 
 — , the 178. 
 Ellerer Berg, the 177. 
 Elmsteiner-Thal 259. 
 Elsasshausen 267. 
 Elsdorf 15. 
 Elsenz, the 242. 
 Elten 17. 52. 
 Eltville 124. 131. 
 Eltviller Au, the 125. 
 Eltz, Schloss 176. 
 Elz, the 243. 331. 
 Elzach 357. 
 Elzberg, the 294. 
 Elzhof 351. 
 Elzthal, the 357. 
 Embermenil 280. 
 Emmaburg, the 3. 12. 
 Emmendingen 331. 
 Emmerich 17. 
 Ems 193. 
 Enchenberg 278. 
 Endenich 81. 
 Enderthal, the 177. 
 Engebach, the 359. 
 Engelburg, the 309. 
 Engeln 95. 
 
 Engelskanzel, the 326. 
 Engelslev, the 91. 
 Engen 363. 
 Engenthal 282. 
 Engers 69. 75. 
 EnghoU, the 113. 
 Enkenbach 252. 
 Enkirch 181. 
 Ennepe, the 56. 
 Ennert, the 73. 
 Ensch 183. 
 Ensdorf 165. 
 Ensisheim 285. 
 Ensival 3. 
 Ensweiler 157. 
 Enz, the 311. 
 Enzklosterle 311. 343. 
 Epfig 292. 
 Eppelheim 243. 
 Eppelsheim 253. 
 Eppenhofen 374. 
 Eppstein 221. 248. 
 Erbach (Rheingau) 124. 
 
 131. 
 — (Odenwald) 233. 
 Erbenheim 221. 
 Erden 181. 
 
 Erdmannleinhohle 370. 
 Erdorf 186. 
 Erensberg, the 189. 
 Erfeldeh 222. 226. 
 Erft, the 15. 183. 
 Erfweiler 265. 
 Erkelenz 53. 
 
 Erkrath 56. 
 Erlenbach 267. 
 — . the 264. 
 Erlenbad 329. 
 Erlenbruck 359. 361. 
 Ernolsheim 279. 
 Ernsthausen 201. 
 Erpel 64. 74. 
 Erpeler Lei, the 64. 
 Erpolzheim 253. 
 ErschheimerCapelle 242. 
 Erschlitt 306. 
 Ersingen 311. 
 Erstein 2S2. 
 Erzingen 375. 
 Erzkasten, the 337. 
 Eschbach 265. 266. 306. 
 
 358. 
 Eschborn 218. 
 Eschelbronn 243. 
 Eschelmer 302. 
 Eschersheim 210. 
 Escherv 298. 
 Eschhofen 200. 
 Eschweiler 14. 
 Eschweiler Pumpe 14. 
 Eselstiirth 253. 
 Esemael 2. 
 Essen 54. 
 Essertshauaeu 201. 
 Essingen 189. 
 Ettenheim 330. 
 Ettersbacher Thai 357. 
 Ettlingen 318. 
 Ettringer-Bellenberg 93. 
 Euchen 15. 
 Eupen 3. 13. 
 Euren 1l6. 
 Eu.skirchen 183. 
 Eutingen 355. 
 Eusserthal 265. 
 Exbachthal, the 92. 
 Eyachmiihl 312. 
 
 Fachingen 199. 
 Fahl 362. 
 Fahrnau 369. 370. 
 Paid 177. 
 Falkau 363. 
 Falkenberg 159- 
 Falkenburg 116. 
 Falkenfelsen 329. 
 Falkenlei, the 188. 
 Falkenlust 72. 
 Falkensteig 359. 
 Falkenstein (Alsace) 277. 
 
 (near Herrenalb) 341. 
 
 (Hollenthal) 359. 
 — (Taunus) 220. 
 
 (nearWinnweiler)155. 
 Falkensteinerbach 277. 
 Falkensteiner Thai 155. 
 Falkensteinfelsen 294.
 
 382 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Fankel 178. 
 Farschweiler 278. 
 Faulenfirst, the 363. 
 Favorile, the 326. 
 Fecht, the 301. 304. 
 Fegersheim 282. 
 Feldberg (Black Forest) 
 362. 
 
 — (Taunus), the Great 
 220. 215. 
 
 —(Taunus), the Little215. 
 Feldsee, the 361. 
 Felleringen 310. 
 Felsberg, the (Eifel) 189. 
 
 — (Odenwald) 230. 
 Felsen, the (Baden) 326. 
 Felsengruppe 140. 
 Felsenmeer, the 230. 
 Ferres 182. 
 
 Filsen 130. 
 Filzen (Moselle) 182. 
 Finkenberg 74. 
 Finnentrop 56. 
 Finsterthal 255. 
 Finstingen 280. 
 Finthen 151. 
 Fischbach (Nahe) 156. 
 
 — (Nassau) 221. 
 Fischbachthal 221. 116, 
 Fischbodle, lake 306. 
 Fischetz, the 375. 
 Flacht 199. 
 Fladenstein 267. 
 Fleckertshohe, the 108. 
 Fleckenstein 267. 
 Fliessem 186. 
 Flomersheim 248. 
 Flonheim 252. 
 Florsheim 215. 
 Flushing 54. 
 
 Forbach (Baden) 342. 
 
 — (Lorraine) 159. 
 Formerich, the 190. 
 Fornich 66. 
 
 Forst 254. 
 Forsthaus 215. 
 Fouday 290. 
 Foveaux-Hauschen 73. 
 Fraipont, castle 3. 
 Francorchamps 13. 
 Frankenberg, the 12. 
 Frankenburg 292. 297. 
 Frankeneck 259. 
 Frankenstein (Odenwald) 
 226. 
 
 — (Palatinate) 259. 
 Frankensteiner Thai 
 
 259. 
 Frankenthal 248. 
 Frankfort 202. 
 
 Archives 208. 
 
 Bethmann's Museum 
 210. 
 
 Frankfort : 
 Borse 205. 
 Bridges 209. 
 Biirgerverein 210. 
 Cathedral 207. 
 Cattle Market 209. 
 Cemeteries 210. 
 Central RailwayStation 
 
 204. 
 Charlemagne's Statue 
 
 209. 
 Christuskirche 211. 
 Conservatorium 210. 
 Deutsch-Ordenshaus 
 
 209. 
 Eschenheimer Thurm 
 
 210. 
 Exchange 205. 
 French Reformed 
 
 Church 205. 
 Goldene Wage 207. 
 Goethe's House 205. 
 
 — Monument 205. 
 Gutenberg's Monu- 
 ment 204. 
 
 Hauptwache 205. 
 
 Hessian Monument 210. 
 
 Hochstift 205. 
 
 Hospital 209. 
 
 Judengasse 209. 
 
 Justitia Fountain 206. 
 
 Kaiser-Strasse 204. 
 
 Katharinenkirche 205. 
 
 Leinwandhans 209. 
 
 Library 209. 
 
 Liebfrauenkirche 205. 
 
 Magi, Church of the 
 209. 
 
 Markt 207. 
 
 Market Hall 210. 
 
 Museum, Commercial 
 205. 
 
 — , Histor, 208. 
 
 — , Rothschild 214. 
 
 Nicolaikirche 207. 
 
 Opera House 211. 
 
 Palm Garden 211. 
 
 Panorama 211. 
 
 Pfingstweide 211. 
 
 Picture Gallery, Muni- 
 cipal 208. 
 
 Promenades 210. 
 
 Rechnei-Graben 209. 
 
 Rententhurm 207. 
 
 Romer 205. 
 
 Romerberg 206. 
 
 Rossmarkt 204. 
 
 Rothschild House 209. 
 
 — Museum 214. 
 Saalhof 207. 
 Sachsenhausen 209. 
 St. Leonhard's Ch. 207. 
 St. Paul's Ch. 205. 
 
 Frankfort : 
 
 Schiller's Monument 
 205. 
 
 Schone Aussicht 209. 
 
 Senckenberg Institu- 
 tion 210. 
 
 StadelArtInstitute211. 
 
 Synagogue 209. 
 
 Theatre 205. 
 
 Thurn und Taxis, Pal. 
 of the Prince of 210. 
 
 Tuchgaden 207. 
 
 War Monument 210. 
 
 Zeil 205. 
 
 Zoolog. Garden 211. 
 Frauenalb 341. 
 Frauenkirche 93. 
 Frauensteigfelsen 358. 
 Frauenstein 125. 
 Fraulautern 165. 
 Freiburg 331. 
 Freienfeld 201. 
 Freiersbach 348. 
 Freiersthal, the 348. 
 Freinsheim 253. 
 Freland 302. 
 Fremersberg, the 328. 
 Fremmersdorf 165. 
 Frenz 15. 
 Frescati 163. 
 Freudenburg, castle 165. 
 Freudenstadt 355.343.354. 
 Friedberg 59. 
 Friedenweiler 360. 
 Friedrichsfeld 229. 
 Friedrichssegen 193. 
 Friedrichsthal (Black 
 
 Forest) 343. 
 — (Nahe) 158. 
 Friedrich-Wilhelms- 
 
 Hiitte 57. 73. 
 Friesenheim 330. 
 Frohnschwand 372. 
 Froschweiler 257. 
 Frouard 164. 
 Frucht 197. 
 
 Fruchtspeicher, ruin 312. 
 Fuchshofen 92. 
 Fuchstanz 220. 
 Fiirsatzeck 361. 
 Fiirstenau, Schloss 233. 
 Fiirstenberg, ruin 115. 
 Fiirsteneck 347. 
 Fiirstenlager, the 227. 
 Furth 231. 
 Furtwangen 356. 
 Fiitzen 374. 
 
 Gademheim 230. 
 Gaggenau 340. 
 Gaimiihle 234. 
 Gaisbach 325. 342. 
 Gaishohle 329.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 383 
 
 Gallenwarte, the 215. 
 Galz, the 304. 
 Gambsheim 264. 
 Gans, the 153. 
 Gansehals 96. 
 Garbenheim 202. 
 Gartenfeld 252. 
 Gau-Algesheim 129. 
 Gaubickelheim 252. 
 Gaugrehweiler 155. 
 Gaulsheim 122. 129. 
 Gausbach 342. 
 Gebiick, the 121. 
 Gebweiler 307. 
 Gebweiler Belchen 309. 
 Gees 185. 
 Geiersberg 182. 
 Geiersburg, the 254. 
 Geilenkirchen 52, 
 Geisberg, the 85. 87. 
 
 — (Alsace) 257. 
 
 — (near Heidelberg) 240 
 Geisenheim 122. 131. 
 Geisenkopfchen 101. 
 Geisingen 853. 
 Geispolsheim 282. 
 Geisweid 56. 
 Geldern 51. 
 
 Gemiind 15. 184. 190. 
 Gemiinder Maar 190. 
 Gengenbach 349. 
 Gensingen 251. 
 Georgenborn 133. 
 Germania Foundry 69. 
 Germersheim 264. 
 Gernsbach 327. 341. 
 Gernsheim 222. 
 Geroldseck 281. 
 Gerolsau 325. 
 Gerolstein 116. 134. 
 
 — (Kyllthal) 185. 
 Gerre,sheim 56. 
 Gersbach 350. 
 Gersprenz, the 232. 
 Gertweiler 292. 
 Geschwand 368. 
 Geutsche, the 351. 
 Gevelsberg c6. 
 Gewenheim 310. 
 Giessen 59. 
 Gillenfeld 191. 188. 
 Gimmeldingen 254. 
 Girbaden 294. 
 
 — , Schloss 294. 
 Girsberg 300. 
 Gladbach, Bergisch- 23. 
 — , Miinchen- 53. 
 Glan 260. 
 -, the 260. 
 Glashiitte 329. 
 Glaswaldsee, the .354. 
 Gleiberg, ruin 58. 
 Gleisweiler 256. 
 
 Glotterbach 331. 
 Glotterthal, the 35.S. 
 Goch 51. 
 
 Goddelan 222. 226. 
 Godesberg 71. 
 — , castle 71. 61. 
 Godramstein 265. 
 Goersdorf 257. 
 Gohl, the 3. 
 Gohl-Viaduct 12. 
 Goldene Meil. the 71. 
 Goldstein 215. 222. 
 Gollheim 252. 
 Gondorf 175. 
 Gonsenheim 252. 
 Gorxheim 228. 
 Gorze 161. 
 Gossersweiler 266. 
 Gottenheim 337. 
 Gottesaue 317. 312. 
 Gottmadingen 375. 
 Gottschlagthal, the 345. 
 Gouda 16. 
 Goxweiler 292. 
 Graach 182. 
 
 Graben-Keudorf 247.311. 
 Grafenberg, the 124. 
 Grafenhausen 374. 375. 
 Grafenstaden 282. 
 Grafenwerth,i3land61.74. 
 Grafinburg, the 181. 
 Grand-Faude 302. 
 Grande Cote, the 289. 
 Grandfontaine 289. 
 Grasellenbach 231. 
 Graufthal 279. 
 Graupenwerth, isl. 6i3. 
 Grau-Rheindorf 60. 
 Grauschlagfelsen 293. 
 Gravelotte 162. 
 Greifenstein 58. 
 Greififenstein 281. 278. 
 Grendelbruch 294. 
 Grenzach 373. 
 Grenzau 75. 
 Grenzhausen 75. 
 Gressenich 14. 
 Gressweiler 289. 
 Greulingsmiihle 116. 
 Grevenbroich 15. 
 Grevenbruck 56. 
 Grevenhausen 259. 
 Griesbach 348. 
 Griesheim 221. 226. 
 Griessen 375. 
 Grimmelshofen 374. 
 Grobbach, the 325. 
 Groesbeck 52. 
 Grossenbaum 18. 
 Grossgerau 222. 223. 
 Gross-Geroldseck 281. 
 Gross-Hettingen 164. 
 Gross-Karben 59. 
 
 Grosskonigsdorf 15. 
 Grossrohrsheim 222. 
 Gross-Sachsen 229. 
 Grossthal, the 305. 
 Gross-Umstadt 232. 
 Grotzineen 311. 
 Grumbach 232. 
 Griindenbach, the 346. 
 Griine, the 57. 
 Griinhaus 183. 
 Griinhiitte 287. 
 Griiningen 352. 
 Griinstadt 253. 
 Griirmannshohle, the 57. 
 Gucklev 90. 
 
 Gudenauer Thai, the 71. 
 Giils 175. 
 
 Gumpelscheuer 312. 
 Gundersheim 253. 
 Gundershofen 277. 
 Gunsbach 305. 
 Gunstett 258. 
 Guntersblum 248. 
 Giintersthal 336. 
 Gunzenbachthal, the 324. 
 Gutach 349. 357. 
 — , river 349. 356. 361. 
 Giitenbach 356. 
 Gutenfels, castle 114. 130. 
 Gutleuthof 257. 
 Gutmadingen 353. 
 Guttenburg 374. 
 
 Haagen 370. 
 Haager Hvitte 309. 
 Haan 55. 56. 
 Haanenburg, the 74. 
 Haardt (Siegen) 56. 
 
 — (Palatinate) 255. 
 Haardt Mts., the 255. 
 Haardter Hofe , the 
 
 179. 
 Haberacker 281. 
 Habersaul 14. 
 Habonville 162. 
 Habsheim 287. 
 Hachenburg 76. 200. 
 Hachimette 302. 
 Hadamar 200. 
 Hagelschloss 296. 
 Hagen 56. 
 Hagenau 253. 
 Hagenbach 264. 
 Hagenbriicke 346. 
 Hagendingen 164. 
 Hager Hof, the 74. 
 
 — Koppelchen 74. 
 Hahn 133. 
 
 Hahnenberg, the 297. 
 Hahnhof, the 68. 
 Hahnstatten 199. 
 Haiger 58. 
 
 Main 95.
 
 384 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Tlainstadt 232. 
 Halbmeil 354. 
 Halde, the 337. 
 Haldenhof 368. 
 Hallberg, the 158. 
 Ilallgarten 121. 123. 
 Hallgarter Zange 123. 
 Haltingen 389. 
 Hambach 280. 
 Hambacher Schloss 256. 
 Hammerstein 66. 75. 
 Hanau 232. 
 Handschuchsheim 229. 
 Hanselberg, the 122. 123. 
 Hanweiler 278. 
 Hardt, An der 282. 
 Hardwald 218. 
 Harff 15. 
 
 Harmersbach, the 349. 
 Harpolinger Schloss 373. 
 Hartenburg 254. 
 Hartwald, the 287. 
 Harxheim 253. 
 Hasel 370. 
 Haselbach Valley 111. 
 
 — Waterfall 374. 
 Hasenberg 91. 
 Hasenbuhl, the 252. 
 Haslach 349. 
 Haslachthal, the 290. 
 Ilaspe 56. 
 
 Haspelsage. the 360. 
 Hassloch 255. 
 Hattenheim 123. 131. 
 Hattersheim 215. 
 Hattert 76. 
 Hattingeu 353. 
 Hattmatt 279. 
 Hatzenport 176. 
 Hauenstein (Baden) 374. 
 
 — (Palatinate) 2(35. 
 Hauptstuhl 260. 
 Hausbaden 365. 
 Hausach 349. 
 Hansen (Baden) 369. 
 
 — (Palatinate) 254. 
 
 — (Roer Valley) 14. 
 Hausern (Black Forest) 
 
 363. 372. 
 
 — (near Egisheim) 285- 
 Hautes Chaumes 308. 
 
 — Huttes 303. 
 Haycot 298. 
 Hecklingen 331. 
 Heddernheim 210. 
 Heddesdorf 68. 
 Heerdt 50. 
 Heidelberg 234. 
 Heidenberg, the 136. 
 Heidengarten, the 91. 
 Heidenkamm 74. 
 Heidenmauer, the (Diirk- 
 
 heim) 254. 
 
 Heidenmauer, the (Kreuz- 
 
 nach) 152. 
 — , — (Odilienberg) 295. 
 — , — (Wiesbaden) 136. 
 Heidenstadt 279. 
 Heidesheim 129. 
 Heilbrunnen, the 94. 
 Heilig, the 62. 
 Heiligenberg, chat. 226. 
 
 230. 
 — , hill 241. 
 
 — (Vosges) 289. 293. 
 Heiligenstein (Vosges) 
 
 294. 
 
 — (near Speyer) 264. 
 Heilig-Kreuz (chapel)305. 
 Heimbach (Engers) 75. 
 
 — (Nahe) 157. 
 
 — (Roer Valley) 14. 
 Heimburg, ruin 116. 
 Heimersheim 88. 
 Heissenstein 308. 
 Heisterbach 86. 78. 
 Heitersheim 33S. 
 Heldenstein 255. 
 Helenabrunn 54. 
 Helenenberg, the 71. 
 Helfenstein 102. 
 Hellenthal 184. 
 Heller, the 58. 
 Helmstadt 243. 
 Heming 280. 
 Hemmerich, the 82. 
 Hemmersbach 15. 
 Hemmessem 89. 
 Hemsbach 228. 
 Hengebach 14. 
 Hennef 58. 
 Heppenheim 228. 
 Heppingen 88. 
 Hepschingen 868. 
 Herbesthal 3. 
 Herblingen 376. 
 Herbolzheim 331. 
 Herborn 58. 
 Herchen 58. 
 Herchenberg 95. 
 Herdern 336. 
 Herdorf 58. 
 Hergenrath 3. 12. 
 ilering 232. 
 Herlingen 159. 
 Herlisheim 264. 285. 305. 
 Hermannshiitte 69. 
 Hermeskeil 183. 
 Herrenalb 341. 
 Herrenberg 307. 
 Herrenschwand 370. 
 Herrenstein 279. 
 Herrenwies 329. 342. 
 Herrischried 370. 
 Hersbach 289. 
 Herthen 373. 
 
 Herzogenrath 52. 
 llerzogshorn, the 362. 
 Hessen 280. 
 Hetzbach 234. 
 Hetzerath 179. 
 Heubach 232. 
 Heukopf 341. 
 Heyenoord 17. 
 Heywang 295. 
 Hickengrund, the 58. 
 Hillesheim 184. 
 Hillinstein 102. 
 Hilpertsau 342. 
 Himbachel Viaduct 234. 
 Hinamelreich, the (Black 
 
 Forest) 358. 
 — , — (Mpselle) 182. 
 Himmerod 193. 
 Hinterburg 242. 
 Hinterhaus 121. 
 Hinter-Langenbach 344. 
 Hinter-Seebach 344. 
 Hinterweidenthal 265. 
 Hinter-Zarten 359. 
 Hintschingen 853. 
 Hirschberg, the 85. 83. 
 Hirschhorn 242. 
 Hirschsprung, the 359. 
 Hirsingen 287. 
 Hirzenach 109. 
 Hochburg, ruin 331. 
 Hochdahl 56. 
 Hochenschwand 372. 
 Hochfeld 53. 54. 
 — , the 297. 
 Hochfelden 278. 
 Hochfirst, the 360. 
 Hochheim 216. 
 Hochkopf, the 370. 
 Hochkreuz, the 72. 
 Hochschirm 363. 
 Hochsimmer, the 94. 
 Hochspeyer 155. 259. 
 Hochst (Odenwald) 282. 
 
 — (Taunus) 215. 
 Hochstadt (Odenwald) 
 
 281. 
 
 — (Rhen. Palat.) 264. 
 Hochstatten 155. 
 Hochstatler Thai 227. 
 Hochthiirmen, the 91. 
 Hochwald, the 14. 
 Hochwart, the 360. 
 Hockenheim 247. 
 Hofen 257. 
 
 Hofen 312. 
 
 Hofheim 221. 226. 228. 
 
 Hofheimer Capelle, the 
 
 221. 
 Hofstetten 357. 
 Hoh-Barr 281. 278. 
 Hohe Acht, the 92. 
 Hohe Lei, the 198.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 385 
 
 Hohe Mark, the 220. 
 Hohenbaden , castle 325. 
 Hohenburg, the 267. 
 Hoheneck, the 306. 
 — , ruin 116. 
 Hohen-Egisheim 285. 
 Hohenfels 189. 
 Hohengeroldseck 349. 
 Hohen - Konigsburg 299. 
 
 283. 
 Hohenkrahen 353. 
 Hohenlandsberg285. 305. 
 Hohenlimburs; 56. 
 Hohen-Rappoltstein 300. 
 Hohenroder Schlos? 329. 
 Hohenstein, the 230. 
 — , ruin 134. 
 Hohensiilzen 253. 
 Hohen-Syburg 56. 
 Hohentwiel, the 376. 
 Hohe Warth 92. 
 Hohe Warzel, the 133. 
 
 140. 
 Hohlenfels 199. 
 Hohlohthurm, the 312. 
 Hohnack. Grosser 304. 
 — , Kleiner 304. 
 Hohr 75. 
 Hohwald 296. 
 Hollenhaken, the 373. 
 Hollenpass, the 359. 
 Hollenthr.l. the 357. 
 Hcillhof 347. 
 Hollrich 198. 
 Hollsteig. the 359. 
 Holzbach 75. 
 Holzmaar. the 191. 
 Holzstoss,' the 68. 
 Holzwald 354. 
 Holzwalder Hohe,the348. 
 Homberg 54. 
 Homburg, Baths 216. 
 — (Palatinate) 260. 
 Hongen 15. 
 Honnef 74. 87. 
 Honningen 65. 75. 92. 
 Hontheim 188. 
 Hoppstadten 157, 
 Horchheim 103. 100. 130. 
 Hordt 258. 
 Hordten 340. 
 Horheim 374. 
 Horn, the( AhrVallev) 91. 
 Homberg 350. 
 Horngraben, the 192. 
 Plomisgrinde , the 329. 
 
 344. 
 Homie, the 337. 366. 
 Hornleberg 357. 372. 
 Horrem 15. 
 Horremer Burg 15. 
 Horrweiler 251. 
 Iluttingen 373. 
 
 Baedekek s E,hine. 
 
 Hub, the 329. 
 Hubacker 347. 
 Hub, Auf der 282. 
 Hiifinscen 360. 
 Hugstein 308. 
 Hugstetten 337. 
 Hiihnerberg, the 111. 
 Hummerich, the Plaidter 
 
 93. 
 Hunaweier 300. 
 Hundem-Thal 56. 
 Hundlingen 278. 
 Hundseck, the 329. 
 Hiiningen 287. 
 Hunnenring, the 157. 
 Hunapach 257. 
 Hunsriick, the 151. 
 Hiitienheim 311. 
 Huttenthal, the 153. 
 Hiittingen 186. 
 Hutzenbach 343. 
 
 Ibach 348. 
 Ibenthal, the 358. 
 Ichendorf 15. 
 Idar 157. 
 
 Idarbach, the 157. 
 Idstein 221. 
 Igel 173. 
 I.gelheim 255. 
 Ignev-Avricourt 280. 
 Igstadt 221. 
 Ihringen 337. 
 Ilbestieim 252. 
 Ilgen 311. 
 Ill, the 269. 
 Illenau 329. 
 Illfurt 287. 
 Illkirch 282. 
 Immendingen 353. 
 Immeneich 372. 
 Immlingen 2F0. 
 Imsweiler 155. 
 Inde, the 14. 
 Ingelheim 129. 
 Ingelheimer Au 126. 
 Ingerbach 76. 
 Ingersheim 301. 
 Insweiler 279. 
 Insel (Ahr Valley) 82. 
 — fner.rMiinster, Alsace) 
 
 305. 
 Insheim 256. 
 Irlich 67. 
 
 Isenachthal, the 253. 254 
 Isenburg (Alsace) 285. 
 — , — (Sayn Valley) 75. 
 Isenheim, monast. 308. 
 Iserlohn 57. 
 Ispringen 311. 
 Issel 179. 
 
 Isteiner Klotz, the 338. 
 Itterbach, the 234. 
 12th Edit. 
 
 Jacobsberger Hof 107. 
 Jacobsweiler 252. 
 Jagdhaus (Baden) 328. 
 Jagdschloss (near Ass- 
 
 mannshausen) 127. 
 Jagerhanschen (near 
 
 Freiburg) 336. 
 Jiigerthal 268. 277. 
 Jesuitenhof 60. 
 .Tockgrim 264. 
 Johannisberg, Dorf 123. 
 
 121. 
 — , Schloss 122. 
 
 — im Grund 123. 
 
 — (Nahe Valley) 156. 
 Josephshof 182. 
 Jouy-aux-Arches 163. 
 Jugenheim 226. 229. 
 Jiilich or Jnliers 15. 
 Jvinkerath 184. 
 
 Kabel 56. 
 Kiiferthal 222. 
 Kahle Wasen, the 306. 
 Kailbach 234. 
 Kaimt 180. 
 
 Kaiserberg, the 18. 65. 
 Kaiscrburg, ruin 302. 
 Kaiserslautern 259. 253. 
 Kaisersruh 15. 
 Kaiserstuhl, the 331. 
 Kaiserswerth 23. 
 Kalberhiitte 297. 
 Kalenborner Hohe 91. 
 Kalk 57. 
 Kalkofen 19S. 
 Kalmit, the 25'?. 
 Kalscheuren 72. 183. 
 Kalsmunt, ruin 201. 
 Kaltenbach 265. 
 Kaltenborn 92. 
 Kaltenbronn 312. 
 Kaltenbrunner-Thal 255. 
 Kaltenengers 69. 
 Kalteuherberg 356. 
 Kalterherberg 13. 
 KammerbergerMuhlell6. 
 Kandel, the 357. 358. 
 Kandern 866. 
 Kanzel, the 74. 
 Kapellen 257. 
 Kiippele, the 341. 
 Kappeler Thai 329. 345. 
 Kappelrodeck 345. 
 Kapsweyer 257. 
 Karlsdorf 311. 
 Karlssprung 280. 
 Karthaus 166. 172. 173. 
 Karthause, the 101. 
 Kasacker 366. 
 Kasbach 64. 
 Kasbachthal 64. 65. 
 Kaskeller (Bertrich) 188. 
 
 25
 
 386 
 
 INDEX . 
 
 Kastanienberg , the 254. 
 Kastelburg, ruin 357. 
 Katz, the, ruin 111. 
 Katzenbuckel, the 243. 
 Katzenstein, the 290. 
 Kautenbachthal, the 181. 
 Kauzenberg, the 153. 
 Kaysersberg 301. 
 Kehl 329. 
 Kelberg 92. 
 Kellerbach 156. 
 Kellerskopf, the 140. 
 Kelsterbach 215. 
 Kemmenauer Hiihe 197. 
 Kempen 50. 
 Kempten 122. 251. 
 Kenzingen 331. 
 Kesselberg 351. 
 Kesselheim 69. 
 Kesselinger Thai 92. 
 Kessenich 81. 
 Kesten 182. 
 Kestenburg 256. 
 Kestenholz 297. 
 Kestert 13 t. 
 Kettenheim 253. 
 Kevelaer 51. 
 Kiedrich 124. 121. 
 Kienzheim 301. 
 Kierberg 183. 
 Kilpenstrasse, the 356. 
 Kindel 181. 
 Kinderbeuren 179. 
 Kindsbach 260. 
 Kinheim 181. 
 Kinzheim 297. 283. 
 Kinzig, the 232. 329. 330. 
 
 353. 
 Kippenheim 330. 
 Kirehberg 15. 310. 
 Kirchbrombach 232. 
 Kirchheim (Alsace) 291. 
 
 — an der Eck 253. 
 
 — (near Heidelberg) 311. 
 Kirchheimbolanden 252. 
 Kirchlci 182. 
 Kirchweiler 189. 
 Kirchzarten 358. 
 
 Kirn 156. 
 Kirnach 352. 
 Kirnbnch 353. 
 Kirneck 352. 
 Kirneckthal, the 292. 
 Kirrweiler 256. 
 Kirsch 183. 
 Kislau 311. 
 Klause, the 123. 104. 
 Klein-Arnsberg 268. 
 Klein-Auheim 232. 
 Klein-Basel 339. 
 Klein-Blittersdorf 278. 
 Kleine Kinzig, the 354 
 355. 
 
 Kleinenbroich 53. 
 Kleingerau 223. 
 Klein-Geroldseck 281. 
 Kleinkems 33S. 
 Klein-Laufenburg 373. 
 Klein-Rederchingen 278. 
 Klein-Rigi 351. 
 Kleinsteinbach 311. 
 Kleinthal, the 305. 
 Klein-Umstadt 232. 
 Klein-Winterheim 252. 
 Klemmbach, the 338.365 
 
 367. 
 Klengen 352. 
 Klingenmiinster 256. 
 Klingenthal 294. 
 Klopp, castle 119. 
 Klosterberg 325. 
 Klosterle. the 354. 
 Klosterrath 52. 
 Knechtsteden, abbey 49 
 Kniebis, the 347. 346 
 
 343. 
 Knielingen 317. 
 Knoden 228. 
 Knoringen 256. 
 Kochern 159. 
 Kockelsberg 172. 
 Kogenheim 283. 
 Kohlhof, the 241. 
 Kohlscheid 52. 
 Kollnau 357. 
 Kolmbach 230. 
 Kondelwald 179. 
 Kondringen 331. 
 Kcinig 232. 
 Konigsbach (near Diirk- 
 
 heim) 254. 
 
 — (near Durlach) 311. 
 Koni-sdorf 15. 
 Konigsfeld 352. 
 Konigshofen (Alsace)282. 
 Konigsmachern 174. 
 Konigsmiihle (near Neu- 
 
 stadt) 255. 
 Konigsstuhl (near Hei- 
 delberg) 240. 
 
 — (near Rhens) 105. 
 Konigstein (Taiinus) 219. 
 Konigswart 343. 
 Konigswinter 82. 61. 71. 
 
 73. 
 Korbmattfelsen 328. 
 Kork 329. 
 
 Korretsberg, the 93. 
 Korschenbroich 53. 
 Kovenich 181. 
 Rowerich 183. 
 Krahberg, the 234. 
 Krahnenberg, the 67. 
 Kreuzau 14. 
 Kreuzberg (Ahr) 91. 
 
 — (near Bonn) 81. 
 
 Kreuznach 151. 
 Kriftel 221. 
 Krinne, Auf der 3G8. 
 Kripp 65. 
 Kronweiler 157. 
 Kropsburg, the 266. 
 Krotzingen 338. 368. 
 Kruft 93. 
 Krufter Ofen, the 93. 
 
 95. 
 Kriith 310. 
 Kiidinghofen 73. 
 Kuhbach 349. 
 Kiihkopf, the 100. 
 Kuhloch 357. 
 Kuhr 175. 
 Kuppenheim 340. 
 Kiippersteg 23. 
 Kurzenhausen 258. 
 Kusel 260. 
 Kiissenberg 375. 
 Kutzenhausen 257. 
 Kybfelsen, the 337. 
 Kvll, the 184. 
 KVllburg 186. 
 Kyller Hohe, the 184. 
 Kyrburg, ruin 156. 
 
 Laach, Abbey of 95. 
 
 — (Ahr Valley) 90. 
 Laacherkopf . the 95. _ 
 Laacher Rotheberg 95. 
 Laacher See, the 95. 
 La Baroche 303. 
 Labroque 289. 
 
 Lac Blanc, the 303. 
 
 Noir, the 303. 
 La Chapelle 303. 
 Ladenburg 229. 
 Lahn, the 130. 193. 199. 
 Lahneck 105. 
 Lahnsteiner Forsthaus 
 
 197. 
 Lahr 330. 
 Lambrecht 259. 
 Lambsheim 248. 
 Lammer.'^dorf 13. 
 Lampertheim 222. 
 Lampert.smiihle 259. 
 Landau 256. 
 Landberg, the 228. 
 Landeck 331. 
 Landen 2. 
 Landsberg 154. 
 Landshut (Moselle) 182. 
 Landskron (Palatinate) 
 
 247. 
 
 — the (Ahr Valley) 88. 65. 
 Landsperg, ruin 295. 
 Landstuhl 260. 
 Landstuhler Brnch 2G0. 
 Landwasser 350. 
 Langeck 367.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 387 
 
 Langenau, castle 198. 
 Langenbach. the 344. 
 Langenberg 289. 
 Langenbrand 342. 
 Langenbriicken 311. 
 Langenfeld 23. 
 Langenkandel 318. 
 Langenlonsheim t51. 
 Langenordracb-Thal 360. 
 Langen-Schwalba.li 133. 
 Langensulzbacb 25S. 
 Langenthaler Kreuz 279. 
 Langerwehe 14. 
 Langgons 59. 
 Lanameil 155. 252. 
 Langstadt 232. 
 Langsur 173. 
 La Poatroye 302. 
 Lasserg 176. 
 Laubbach 100. 
 Laubenheim(Vos£es)293 
 
 294. 
 — (near Mavence) 247. 
 Lauch. the 283. 307. _ 
 Lauchenkopf, the 307. 
 Lauchthal, the 307. 
 Lauf 329. 
 
 Laufen, Schloss 375. 
 Laufenhacher_^IIof 92. 
 Laufenburg 373 
 Laafer Schloss 329. 
 Laukenmiihle, the 116. 
 Laurenburg 198. 
 Lautenbach 308. 306. 347. 
 Lautenbach-Zell 303. 
 Lauter, the 257. 26i. 
 Lauterbach 350. 
 — , the 230. 
 Lauterecken 260. 
 Lauterburg 264. 
 Lauterfmgen 2S0. 
 Lauterthal 267. 
 Lay 175. 
 Leberau 297. 
 Leberthal. the 297. 
 Leeheim 222. 
 Legelshurst 329. 
 Lehmen 175. 
 Leiberg, the 74. 
 Leichlingen 55. 
 Leichtweisshohle 140. 
 Leimbach 92. 
 Leimen 311. 
 Leiningen 253. 
 Leinsweiler 265. 
 Leipzig (near Metz) 162 
 Leiwen i83. 
 Lek, the 17. 
 Lembach 267. 
 Lemberg 278. 
 — , the 154. 
 Lengfeld 2.32. 
 Leniaberg, the 129. 
 
 Lenne, the 56. 
 Lennep 55. 
 Lenzkirch 363. 
 Leopolds-Canal, the 331. 
 Leopoldshafen 247. 
 Leopoldshohe, the (near 
 Baden) 324. 
 (near Bale) 339. 
 Letmathe 56. 
 Leubsdorf 65. 74. 
 Leuk, the 166. 
 Leutershausen 229. 
 Leutesdorf 66. 75. 
 Liblar 183. 
 Lichtenberg 279. 
 Lichtenegg, ruin 331. 
 Lichtenthal 324. 
 Liebeneck 106. 
 Liebenstein 108. 130. 
 Liedberg 53. 
 Liege 2. 
 Liepvre 297. 
 Liepvrette, the 298. 
 Lierbach, the 346. 
 Liers 92. 
 Lieser 182. 
 
 — , the 179. 190. 191. 
 Limburg (Nassau) 199. 
 
 — (Belgium) 3. 
 
 — Abbey 253. 
 Limersheim 282. 
 Lindelbrunner Schloss 
 
 266. 
 Lindenbach 196. 
 Lindenberg 358. 
 Liudenfels 230. 
 Lindern 53. 
 Lingenfeld 264. 
 Lingolsheim 282. 
 Linkenheim 247. 
 Linn 54. 
 Linz (>4. 74. 
 Linzerhausen 64. 
 Lippe, the 17. 
 Lissendorf 18i. 
 Lissingen 185. 
 Litgen (Gross- & Minder) 
 
 193. 
 Littenweiler 358. 
 Litzig 181. 
 Lobloch 254. 
 Lobsann 257. 
 Locherberg 348. 
 Lochmiihle (Ahr Vallev) 
 
 90. 
 Lochriitte, the 360. 
 Loef 175. 
 
 Loffelthal, the 359. 
 Lotlenau 341. 
 Lciffingen 360. 
 Logelbach 301. .30i. 
 — , the 283. 
 LiUinberg 201. 
 
 Lohrberg, the 85. 87. 
 Lohrsdorf 88. 
 Longen 183. 
 Longerich 49. 
 Longwich 183. 
 Lonfzen 3. 
 Lorch 115. 131. _ 
 Lorchhausen 115. 131. 
 Lorchingen 280. 
 Lorenhot 360. 
 Lorettoberg, the 336. 
 Lorrach 369. 366. 
 Lorsbach 221. 
 Lorsbacher Thai, the 
 
 221. 
 Lorsch 228. 
 Lorsch 183. 
 Losenich 181. 
 Lossburg-Rodt 355. 
 Louisa 222. 
 Louisenthal 165. 
 Lousberg, the 11. 
 Louvain 2. 
 Lovenich 15. 
 Lciwenbriicken 166. 172, 
 
 173. 
 Lowenburg, the 87. 
 Lowenburger Hof 87. 
 Ludwigshafen 244. 246. 
 Ludwigshohe, the (Lin- 
 
 denfels) 230. 231. 
 — , — (Treiburg) 336. 
 — , Villa 256. 
 Liilsdorf 60. 
 Luneville 280. 
 Lurlei, the 112. 130. 
 Lustadt 264. 
 Luttenbach 306. 
 Lutterbach 285. 305. 
 Liittich 2. 
 Liitzel 287. 
 Liitzelbach 300. 
 Liitzelburg 279. 
 — . ruin 279. 294. 
 Liitzelhardt 268. 
 Liitzelhausen 289. 
 Liitzelstein 279. 
 Liitzer-Thal 176. 
 Luxembourg 173. 
 Luzieberg, the 227. 
 
 Maarsbergen 17. 
 Maas, the 16. 
 Maastricht 54. 
 Machern 182. 
 Madenburg, the 266. 
 Magelbach. the 293. 
 Mahlberg 330. 
 Maifeld, the 94. 
 Maikammer 256. 
 Main, the 204. 
 Mainau, island 376. 
 Mainkur 231. 
 
 25*
 
 388 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Mainz 141. 
 
 Mciisachthal, the 347. 
 31aiscliquelle, the 188. 
 MaLson Neuve (.Metz) 162, 
 Maizieres 164. 
 Malancourt 162. 
 Malberg, the (Ems) 196. 
 — , chateau 186. 
 Malchen. the 227. 
 Mallingen 174. 
 Malinaison 162. 
 Maimed? 13. 
 Malsch 318. 
 Malschbach 325. 
 Mambach 363. 
 Manderscheid 192. 
 Mannchen, the 111. 
 Mannheim 244. 
 Mannweiler 155. 
 3lanternach 173. 
 Slarainviller 280. 
 Marbach (Alsace) 285. 
 305. 
 
 — (Black Forest) 352. 
 7- (Lorraine) 164. 
 Marcobnmnen 124. 
 Margarethenhof, the 85. 
 Maria-Wald 15. 
 Marienberg (near Bop- 
 
 pard) lOS. 
 Mariejiborn 252. 
 Marienburg, ruin 180. 
 
 — Bayenthal 60. 
 Marienfels 63. 
 Marienrachdorf 75. 
 Marienstatt 76. 
 Marienthal, monast. (Al- 
 sace) 119. 
 
 — (Ahr Valley) 90. 
 
 — (Palatinate) 252. 
 Maring 179. 
 Markelfingen 376. 
 Markirch 298. 
 Markolsheim 277. 
 Marksburg, castle 106. 
 
 130. 
 Marlborough, ruin 174. 
 Marlenheim 291. 
 3Iarmoutier 291. 
 3Iarnheim 252. 
 Mars-la-Tour 163. 
 :\Iartinshof 182. 
 Martinstein 156. 
 Masmiinster 310. 
 JIassevaux 310. 
 Mastricht, see Maastricht. 
 Masures, Chateau des 3. 
 Matzenbach 260. 
 Matzenheim 283. 
 Mauer 243. 
 Maul burg 370. 
 Maursmiinster 291. 
 Maus, ruin 109. 
 
 iMausaul, rocks 14. 
 iMauseberg, the 190. 
 JMaxau 318. 
 Maxburg, the 256. 
 jBIaximiliansau 318. 
 ! May en 93. 
 iMayence 140. 
 iMayener Bellenberg 93. 
 Mayschoss 90. 
 Mechernich 184. 
 Meckenheim 91. 183. 
 Meckesheim 243. 
 Medenbach 221. 
 Mcgingau, the 176. 
 Mehlem 61. 71. 
 Mehren 191. 
 Mehring 183. 
 Meiderich 54. 
 Meisengott 290. 
 Meisenheim 156. 
 Melbthal. the 81. 
 Melibocus, the 227. 
 Melkereikopf, the 344. 
 Melkerhutte, the 306. 
 Mennelstein, the 295. 
 Mensberg, castle 174. 
 Menzenberg, the 74. 
 Menzenschwand 361. 
 
 371. 
 Merckweiler 257. 
 Mercuriusberg , the 327. 
 Merenberg 201. 
 Merl 180. 
 Merode 14. 
 Merten, monast. 5S. 
 Slertesheim 253. 
 Mertert 173. 
 Merxheim 285. 
 Merzig 165. 
 Merzweiler 277. 
 Mesenich 178. 
 Metfenheim 248. 
 Mettlach 165. 
 Mettmabach, the 374. 
 Metz 159. 
 Metzeral 306. 
 Meurthe, the 164. 
 Jlichaelscapelle (near 
 
 Durlach) 311. 
 — (near Zabern) 279. 
 Michaels-Lei 181. 
 Michelsberg 184. 
 Michelstadt 233. 
 Miellen 197. 
 Mietesheim 277. 
 Milspe 56. 
 Miltenberg 233. 
 Minderberg, the 65. 
 Mingolsheim 311. 
 Minheim 182. 
 Minnebui-g, ruin 243. 
 Mittelbergheim 296. 
 Mittelheim 123. 131. 
 
 Mittelthal 343. 
 
 Mittelzell 376. 
 
 Mittlach 307. 
 
 Molkcncur,the (near Hei- 
 delberg) 240. 
 
 Molsheim 289. 291. 
 
 Mombach 129. 
 
 Mommenheim 278. 
 
 Monchsberg, the 303. 
 
 Mondorf 60. 
 
 Monreal 94. 
 
 Monrepos 68. 
 
 Monsheim 253. 
 
 Montabaur 200. 
 
 Montabec. the 306. 
 
 Montclair 165. 
 
 Montl'ort, Schloss 154. 
 
 Montigny-la-Grange 162. 
 
 Montjoie 13. 
 
 Montois-la-Montagne 162. 
 
 Montreux-Vieux 287. 
 
 Montroyal 181. 
 
 3Ionvaux 161. 
 
 Monzel 182. 
 
 Monzingen 156. 
 
 Moosch 309. 
 
 Mooshiitte, the 74. 196. 
 
 Mooswald, the 337. 
 
 More.«!net 12. 
 
 aiorfelden 222. 
 
 Morgenbachthal, the Ulj. 
 
 3Iors 54. 
 
 3Iorsbronn 258. 
 
 Morschheim 252. 
 
 Mortnau, the 330. 
 
 Mosbach (Odenwald) 243. 
 
 — (Biebrich) 125. 131. 
 140. 
 
 Moselkern 176. 
 
 Moselle, the 70. 97. 174. 
 163. 309. 
 
 Moselweis 174. 
 
 Mosenberg, the 192. 
 
 Mos.«ig, the 293. 
 
 Blothern 264. 
 
 Moulins-les-Metz 161. 
 
 Mouse, the, ruin 109. 
 
 Mouse Tower, the 118. 
 
 Muchenland 362. 
 
 Miiden 176. 
 
 Muggenbrunn 358. 
 
 Muggensturm 318. 
 
 Muhlbach 306. 
 
 Miihlburg 317. 
 
 Miihlhurgthor 317. 
 
 Miihlhausen 3o3. 
 
 Miihlheim (Moselle) 182. 
 
 Miihlhofen 69. 
 
 Miihlingen 363. 
 
 Miihlthal, the 108. 
 
 Miilhausen 286. 
 
 Miilheim am Rhein 23. 
 
 I 55.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 389 
 
 Miilheim anderRuhr 54. 
 Mullenbach (Baden) 327. 
 
 — Oloselle) 177. 
 3Iullenbild 327. 
 Mullheim 83S. 
 Miimlins: 232. 
 
 — . the 232. 
 Mummelsee, the 344. 
 Munchen-Gladbach 53. 
 3Iunch\veiler 26U. 265. 
 Mundolsheim 273. 
 Munoth 375. 
 Miinster(Reichenau) 376. 
 
 — (Alsace) 305. 
 
 — am Stein 153. 
 Mvinstereifel l81. 
 Munster-Maifeld 176. 
 iliinsterthai (Vosges) 
 
 304. 
 
 — (Black Forest) 367. 
 Munz, the 266. 
 3Iunzenberg, ruin 59. 
 Murbach SOS. 
 
 Murg 340. 373. 
 — , the 31S. 340. 341. 
 Murlenbach 185. 
 Miisch 92. 
 Mussbach 254. 
 Mustert 182. 
 Mutterslehen 372. 
 31utterstadt 254. 
 Mutzig 289. 
 Mutzigfelsen 288. 
 
 Nachtigallenthal, the 83. 
 Nackenheim 247. 
 Nagold, the 311. 
 NahboUenbach 156. 
 yahe, the 118. 119. 
 
 152. 
 Kamborn 157. 
 Xamedy 66. 
 Kancy 'l64. 
 
 Xantersburg, the 188. 
 Kapoleonsinsel 287. 
 Nassau 197. 
 — , castle of 197. 
 Kational Monument 
 
 (Niederwald) 126. 
 ^'atzweiler 290. 
 J\auheim (Taunus) 59. 
 
 — (near Darmstadt) 223. 
 Xeckar, the 235. 241. 
 Xeckarau 246. 
 Xeckarbischofsheim 243. 
 JNeckarelz 213. 
 l\eckargemund 242. 243. 
 Keckargerach 243. 
 2seckarhausen 242. 
 Keckarsfeinach 242. 
 Neef 178. 
 
 Neersen 53. 
 Iseerwinden 2. 
 
 Neidenfels, ruin 259. 
 Neidenstein 243. 
 Neitersen 75. 
 Nellenkopf 102. 
 ]S'enni£ 1T3. 
 Xerobers, the 139. 
 Nerothal 139. 
 Xerother Kopf, the 189. 
 Xesselache, the 358. 
 Xessonvaux 3. 
 Xette, the 70. 93. 
 Nettersheim 1S4. 
 Neuberg, the 182. 
 Xeu-Breisach 338. 
 Neuburg 264. 279. 
 — , abbey 241. 
 — , the (Xeckarelz) 243. 
 Xeudingen 353. 
 Neudorf r25. 132. 247. 
 Xeu-Eberstein 341. 
 Neuenahr 88. 95. 
 Xeuenburg 287. 
 Xeuenbiirg 312. 
 Neuendorf 69. 
 Xeuenfels 365. 
 Neuenhain 219. 
 Neuenheim 241. 
 Xeuenweg 368. 
 Neu-Filzen 182. 
 Neu-Glashiitte 361. 
 Neuhaus 327. 
 Neuhausen 375. 
 Neuhemsbach 155. 252. 
 Neu-Katzenellenbogen 
 
 111. 
 Neulussheim 247. 
 Neumagen 182. 
 NeumaKen-Bach, the 367. 
 Nenmiihl (Eifel) 192. 
 
 — (Alsace) 282. 
 
 — (Black Forest) 367. 
 Neun-Aussichten 228. 
 Neunkirch 375. 
 Neunkirchen (Nahe Val- 
 ley) 15S. 260. 
 
 — (Eifel) 189. 
 
 — (Heller Valley) 58. 
 Neunkircher Hohe 229. 
 Neuutenstein 296. 
 Neureuth 247. 
 Neu-Saarwerden 280. 
 Keu-Scheuern 280. 
 Neuss 49. 53. 
 Neustadt an der Haardt 
 
 255. 
 
 — an der Miimling 232. 
 
 — (Black Forest) 360. 
 Xeuweier 328. 
 Neuweiler 279. 
 Neuwied 68. 70. 75. 
 Neu-Windeck 329. 
 NickenicherWeinberg93. 
 Niculaus-Lei 181. 
 
 Nidda. the 59. 215. 216. 
 Nideck 291. 
 — , the 291. 
 Nideggen 14. 
 Niederberg 103. 
 Niederbiber 68. 
 Niederbrechen 222. 
 Niederbreisig 66. 70. 75. 
 Niederbronn 277. 
 Niederbruck 310. 
 Niederburg, the (Cnbern) 
 
 175. 
 — (Riidesheim) 121. 
 Niederdollendorf 73. 61. 
 Niederdresselndorf 58. 
 Niederemmel 182. 
 Nieder-Ernst 177. 
 Niederfell 175. 
 Niederflorsheim 253. 
 Nieder-Hammerstein 06. 
 
 75. 
 Nieder-Haslach 290. 
 Niederhausen 155. 154. 
 Niederheimbach 116. 129. 
 Nieder-Hochstadt 218. 
 Niederhovels 58. 
 Nieder-Ingelheim 129. 
 Nieder-Kestert 109. 
 Niederlahnstein 103. 193. 
 
 130. 
 Niederlauchenhof 307. 
 Niederlinxweiler 158. 
 Nieder-Liitzingen 95. 
 Niedermendig 93. 
 Kiedermohr 260. 
 Nieder-3Ior5chweier 304. 
 Xiedermuhle 372. 
 Niedermiinster 294. 
 Niedernhausen 221. 
 Nieder-Olm 252. 
 Nieder-Otrott 294. 
 Nieder-Ramstadt 232. 
 Nieder-Saulheim 252. 
 Niederschlettenbach 267. 
 Nieder-Schopfheim 330. 
 Niederschworstadt 373. 
 Niederselters 221. 
 Niederspai 106. 130. 
 Niederwald, the 126. 
 Niederwalluf 125. 131. 
 Niederwasser 350. 
 Niederweiler 365. 
 Xiederwerth, isl. 69. 76. 
 Nieder-Wollstadt 59. 
 iNieder-Zis-ien 95. 
 Xiers, the 51. 54. 
 Nierstein 247. 
 iNieukerk 51. 
 Xievern 193. 
 iNippenburg 350. 
 |Nippes 49. 
 
 iXirmer Tunnel, the 13. 
 IXittel 173.
 
 390 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Nitting 280. 
 Xixburg 305. 
 Nohen 157. 
 Nohfelden 157. 
 :N'oir, Lac 303. 
 Noisseville 163. 
 Noll, the 289. 
 Nollen, the 253. 
 Nollich 115. 
 Nonnenstromberg,the 86. 
 Nonnenwerth 61. 71. 74. 
 Nord-Canal, the 54. 
 N^ordrachthal , the 349. 
 Korf 49. 
 Norheim 155. 
 Nothberg 14. 
 Nothhau.sen 68. 
 Nothschrei, Am 358. 
 l^othweiler 267. 
 Notre Dame des Trois 
 
 Epis 304. 
 Nouilly 163. 
 Nuveant 161. 164. 
 Noviand 179. 
 Niirburg, the 92. 
 Niirnberger Hof, the 125. 
 Nussbach 351. 
 Kussloch 311. 
 
 Oberachern 345. 
 Ober-Aha 362. 
 Oberbeiiern 325. 
 Oberbollen 363. 
 Oberbrechen 222. 
 Oberbruck 310. 
 Oberburg, tower 121. 
 — , the 175. 
 
 Obercassel (near Diissel- 
 dorf) 50. 
 
 — (near Bonn) 73. 61. 
 Oberdollendorf 73. 
 Oberehe 184. 
 Ober-Ehnheim 292. 
 Ober-Emmel 166. 
 Ober-Ern.st 177. 
 Oberfell 175. 
 Oberglottenbach 331. 
 Oberhambach 256. 
 Oberhammer 280. 
 Uber-Hammerstein 66.75. 
 Oberhaslach 291. 
 Oberhausen (near Duis- 
 
 burg) 18. 54. 
 
 — (near Bergzabern) 257. 
 Oberheubronn 367. 363. 
 Oberhof 279. 
 Oberhnmburg 159. 
 Ober-Ingelheim 129. 
 Ober-Kail 193. 
 Oberkirch 346. 
 Ober-Krahline;en 91. 
 Oberlahnstein 105. 130. 
 Oberlauchen 307. 
 
 Oberlauchringen 374. 
 Ober-Liitzingen 95. 
 Ober-Maubach 14. 
 Obermddern 279. 
 Oberniii 292. 
 Oberneisen 199. 
 Obernhof 198. 
 Ober-Otrott 294. 
 Ober-Platlig 329. 
 Ober-Kamstadt 232. 
 Oberried 358. 
 Ober-Simouswald 356. 
 Oberspai 106. 130. 
 Oberstein 157. 
 Obersteinbach 268. 
 Obersulz 307. 
 Oberthal 343. 
 — . the 351. 
 Obertsroth 342. 
 Obertiillingen 369. 
 Oberursel 216. 
 Oberweiler 365. 
 Oberwerth 103. 100. 
 Oberwesel 112. 129. 
 Oberwinter 62. 74. 
 Oberwolfach 354. 
 Ober-Zissen 95. 
 Oberzwieselberg 354. 
 Obrigheim 243. 
 Ochsenstein 281. 
 Ockenfels 64. 
 Odendorf 183. 
 Odenwald, the 229. 
 Oderen 310. 
 Odilienberg, the 295. 
 Odilienbrunnen 295. 
 Ocdenbach 360. 
 Oeflingen 370. 
 Oelbach, the 321. 
 Oelberg, the Great 85. 
 Oestrich 123. 131. 
 Oetringen 173. 
 Offenbach 222. 260. 
 Olfenburg 330. 
 Oflfenthaler Hof HI. 
 Ofteringen 374. 
 Oggersheim 248. 
 Ohligsberg, the 182. 
 Ohligs-Wald 55. 
 Olbriick, castle 95. 
 Olef 184. 
 Olpe 56. 
 Oos 318. 
 — , the 321. 
 Opladen 55. 
 Oppenau 347. 
 Oppenheim 247. 
 Oppum 50. 54. 
 Oranienstein 199. 
 Orbey 303. 
 Orscholz 165. 
 Orschweier 330. 
 Orsoy 18. 
 
 Ortenau, the 330. 
 jOrtenberg (Bl. For.) 349. 
 
 Schlos.s 330. 
 Ortenburg (Alsace) 292. 
 Osterath 50. 
 Osterbach 358. 
 Csterspai 106. 130. 
 Ostheim 283. 
 Osthofen 248. 
 Ottenhfifen 345. 
 Otterberg 259. 
 .Ottersweier 329. 
 Ottersweiler 291. 
 Ottmarsheim 287. 
 iOttweiler 158. 
 Otzberg 232. 
 Otzcnhausen 157. 
 Ourthe, the 2. 
 
 Pagny 164. 
 Palenberg 52. 
 Pallien 172. 
 Palzem 173. 
 Papenkaul, the 185. 
 Papiermiihle 291. 
 Paris, abbey 303. 
 Patersberg 111. 
 Panlinenberg, the 134. 
 Pelage, the 296. 
 Pellenz 94. 
 Pelm 184. 
 Peltre 159. 
 Pepinster 3. 
 Perl 174. 
 
 Petersau, the 126. 
 Petersberg, the (near 
 
 Coblenz) 101. 
 — , — (Seven Mts.) 86. 
 — , — (Moselle) 178. 
 Peterspai 106. 
 iPetersthal 348. 
 iPeterzell 352. 
 IPetit-Croix 287. 
 Pfaffendorf 103. 130. 
 Pfaflendorfer Hohe 102. 
 Pfaffenhofen 279. 
 Pfaffenriittchen 73. 
 Pfaffenwald, the 354. 
 Pfahlaraben, the 66. 218. 
 Pfalz, the 114. 130. 
 Pfalzburg 280. 
 Pfalzdorf 51. 
 Pfalzel 183. 
 Pfalzgrafenstein 114. 
 Pfeddersheim 248. 
 Pfinz. the 311. 
 Pfirt 287. 
 Pfohren 353. 
 Pforzheim 311. 
 Pfungstadt 226. 
 Philippsburg(Alsace)277. 
 — (Baden) 311. 
 Philippshalle 253.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 391 
 
 Philippsheim 186. 
 
 Philippsruhe 232. 
 
 Philippstein 201. 
 
 Pirmasenz 265. 
 
 Pisport 1S2. 
 
 Plaidt f3. 
 
 Plaidter Hummerich 67, 
 
 93 
 Plankstadt 243. 
 Platte, the 140. 134. 
 Platten 179. 
 Platti-:, the 329. 
 Plettenberg 56. 
 Plittersdorf fBonn) 61. 
 Plixburg 305. 
 Point du Jour 162. 
 Polich 1S3. 
 Poltersdorf 178. 
 Pommern 177. 
 Pont-a-Mousson 164. 
 Poppelsdorf 80. 
 Porz 60. 
 Posthalde 359. 
 Prag 356. 
 
 Pragbach, the 368. 
 Prechthal, the 350. 
 Preuschdorf 257. 
 Preussisch-Uedem 51. 
 Prinzenkopf (Alf ) 178. 
 
 180. 
 Priim 185. 
 Puderbach 75. 
 Piilvermaar, the 191. 
 Piinderich 178. 180. 
 Piitzfeld 91. 
 
 Quadnith 15. 
 (,)ueich, the 256. 264. 
 Querben 307. 
 C^uiddelbach 92. 
 Quint, the 179. 183. 187. 
 Qairscheid 158. 
 
 Rabenlei, the 73. 
 Rachtig 182. 
 Radolfzell 376. 
 Raeren 13. 
 
 Rahrbacher Hohe 56. 
 Rambach 139. 140. 
 Ramersdorf 60. 
 Ramschied 116. 
 Ramstein 187. 260. 
 Randeck, ruin 155. 
 Ranrupt 290. 
 Ransbach 75. 265. 
 Rappoltsweiler 283. 299. 
 Rasselstein 68. 
 Rastatt 318. 
 Rathsamhausen 294. 
 Rathsamhausenstein 296. 
 Raubach 75. 
 Rauenthal 132. 121. 124, 
 — . the 298. 
 
 Raumiinzach, the 342. 
 Raunheim 215. 
 Rauschermiihle, the 93. 
 Ravennathal, the 359. 
 Reden 158. 
 Redlerhiitte 309. 
 Reeberg, the 17. 
 Rehberg. the (near Ann 
 
 weiler) 266. 
 Rehweiler 260. 
 Reichartshausen 123. 
 Reichelsheim 232. 
 Reichenau 376. 
 — , island 376. 
 Reichenbach (OdenwaldJ 
 
 230. 
 
 — (Schutterthal) 343. 
 
 — (near Rippoldsau) 349. 
 354. 
 
 Eeichenbachthal. the 350. 
 Reichenberg (Rhine) 111. 
 Reichenstein (Xeckar- 
 thal) 242. 
 
 — (Rhine) 116. 
 
 — (Roer Valley) 13. 
 Reichenweier 301. 
 Reichshofen 277. 
 Reichswald 51. 
 Reifenberg, ruin 75. 
 ReifiFerscheid, ruin 184. 
 Reiherhalde 243. 
 
 Reil 180. 
 
 Reiler Hals, the 179. 
 Reilkirch ISO. 
 Reimerzhofen 90. 
 Reinhardslust 188. 
 Reinhardsmiinster 281. 
 Reinhartshau.oen 124. 
 Reinheim 232. 
 Reinsport 182. 
 Reisberg, the 303. 
 Remagen 63. 71. 74. 
 Remich 174. 
 Remillv 159. 280. 
 Renchen 329. 
 Rennebach, the 309. 
 Reudelsterz 94. 
 Reuschenberg 23. 
 Rezonville 162. 161. 
 Rheinau 246. 
 Rheinau, island 124. 
 Rheinbach 183. 
 Rheinbreitbach 62. 74. 
 Rheinbrohl 70. 66. 75. 
 Rheindiebach 115. 
 Rheineck 66. 95. 
 JRheinfelden 373. 
 Rheinfels 110. 
 jRheingau, the 121. 
 Rheingonheim ^4. 
 JRheingrafenstein 153. 
 iRhelnhausen 54. 
 Rheinsheim 311. 
 
 Rheinstein 117. 
 Rheinweiler 338. 
 Rheinzabern 264. 
 Rhens 106. 128. 
 Rhenser Mineralquelle 
 
 106. 
 Rhevdt 53. 
 
 Rhine, Falls of the 375. 
 — , Old 17. 
 Rhine-Marne Canal 269. 
 
 279. 
 Rhodt 256. 
 Rhfindorf 61. 73. 
 Richterich52. 
 Rickelshausen 376. 
 Kiedselz 257. 
 Riegel 331. 
 Riehen 369. 
 Riesenmiihle 116. 
 Riesensaule, the 230. 
 Rietburg, the 256. 
 Rilchingen 278. 
 Rimbach (Alsace) 310. 
 Rimburg 52. 
 Rimmerich, the 189. 
 Rinssheim 331. 
 Rinnthal 265. 
 Riol 183. 
 
 Rippburg, the 256. 
 Rippoldsau 354. 
 Rissbach 181. 
 Rittershausen 56. 
 Rittersturz. the 101. 
 Rixheim 287. 
 Rixingen 280. 
 Rochette, La 3. 
 Rochusberg 119. 
 Rochuscapelle, the 119. 
 Rockenhausen 155. 252. 
 Rockeskyll 189. 
 Rodalben (Palatinate) 
 
 265. 
 — (Lorraine) 280. 
 Rodeck 345. 
 Rodelheck, the 188. 
 Rodelheim 216. 
 Rodenstein, ruin 232. 
 Roderberg 62. 
 Roer, the 13. 14. 53. 
 Roeschwoog 264. 
 Roetgen 13. 
 Rohmatt 3i8. 
 Rohrbach 256. 278. 
 Rohrhardtsberg 351. 
 Roisdorf 72. 
 Roland Arch 61. 
 Rolandseck 61. 71. 74. 
 Rolandswerth 61. 
 Roll, the 309. 
 Romansweiler 291. 
 Romerkessel. the 188. 
 Romersberg, the 188. 191. 
 Rommersdorf 61. 87. 74.
 
 392 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Rommeifldorf, abbey 75 
 
 Koncourt 162. 
 
 llonheide 12. 
 
 Roodt 173. 
 
 Kosaye, Ferme 310. 
 
 Rosenaii, Mt. 86. 
 
 Roscuburg, llie 81. 
 
 Rosengarten251. 226. 
 
 Rosenhobe 226. 232. 
 
 Rosentbal, convent (Mo- 
 selle) 177. 
 
 Rosbeim 291. 
 
 Rossberg, tbe 310. 
 
 Rossbiibl, tbe 347. 
 
 Rossel, tbe 128. 
 
 — , — (stream) 159. 
 
 Rossert, tbe 221. 
 
 Rosskopf, tbe 337. 
 
 Rossstein, tbe 112. 130. 
 
 Rotbau 290. 
 
 Rotbbacb. tbe 358. 
 
 Rotbe Berg 122. 
 
 Rotbe Erde 13. 
 
 Rotbemiible i'6. 
 
 Rotbenbacb 312. 
 
 Kothenbacbkopf 307. 
 
 Rotbenfels (BlackForest) 
 340. 
 
 — , tbe (Jfabe) 154. 
 
 Rotbenkieuz 363. 
 
 Rotbe Saar, tbe 289. 
 
 Rotbe Wasen 310. 
 
 Rotbhaus 375. 
 
 Rotblacb 296. 
 
 Roth-Malscb 311. 
 
 Rotteln, Scbloss o60. 
 
 Rotterdam 15. 
 
 Kottger Scbloss 14. 
 
 Rottlerweiler 370. 
 
 Rouge Gazon 310. 
 
 Rozerieulles 162. . 
 
 Iludenberg 3G0. 
 
 Riidesbeim 120. 131. 
 
 Riidesbeimer Berg 118 
 
 Rufacb 285. 
 
 Rufenbiitte 361. 
 
 Rubr, Ibe 54. 56. 
 
 Rubrort 54. 
 
 Rubstein, tbe 343. 
 
 Riilzbeim 264. 
 
 Rumbacb 267. 
 
 Rumbacbtbal, tbe 298. 
 
 Riimpenbeim 231. 
 
 Riingsdorf 61. 
 
 Runkcl 200. 
 
 Ruppertsberg 120. 
 
 Rus3 289. 
 
 Riisselsbeim 215. 
 
 Ruwer 183. 
 
 Saalburg, tbe 218. 
 Saales 290. 
 Saalbof 65. 207. 
 
 Saai-, Ibe 159. 164. 278. 
 
 28(). 
 Saar-Alben 280. 
 Saaraltdorf 280. 
 Saarbriicken 158. 1(>4. 
 Saaiburg (Alsace) 280. 
 
 (Prussia) 165. 
 Saargemiind 278. 
 Saarlouis 165. 
 Saar-Union 280. 
 Saarwerden 280. 
 Sacbsenbausen 209. 204. 
 Siickingen 373. 
 Saffenburg, tbe 90. 
 Saig 300. 
 St. Ail 162. 
 
 — Amarin 309. 
 
 — Amarintbal 308. 
 
 — Arnual 159. 
 
 — Avoid 159. 
 
 — Blai.se 290. 
 
 — Blasien 371. 
 
 — Cbriscbona 369. 
 
 — Die 290. 
 
 — Genovefa, cbureb 93. 
 
 — Georgen 351. 
 
 — Goar 109. 
 
 — Goarsbausen 111. 130, 
 
 — Hubert 161. 
 
 — Jobann (near Saar- 
 briicken) 158. 
 
 (near Zabern) 280. 
 
 (near Mayen) 94. 
 
 — Kreutz 298. 
 
 — Landolin 331. 
 
 — Ludwig (Louis) 287. 
 339. 
 
 — Marcel 163. 
 
 — Margen 358. 
 
 — Martin 256. 
 
 — Mattbias 172. 
 
 — Maurice 310. 
 
 — Maximin. abbey 172. 
 
 — Ottilien 337. 
 
 — Paulin 172. 
 
 — Peter 358. 
 St. Pbilip 298. 
 
 — Pilt 283. 
 
 — Privat-la-Montagne 
 162. 
 
 — Sebastian 69. 
 
 — Tbomas, lun. asylum 
 67. 70. 
 
 , monast. 186. 
 
 — Trudpert 368. 
 
 — Ulricbs-Burg 300. 
 
 — Vitb 13. 
 
 — Vitus, Grotto of 281. 
 
 — Wendel 157. 
 
 — Wilbelmstbal358.362. 
 Ste. Croix-aux-Mincs298. 
 
 — Marie -aux-Chenes 
 lUl. 
 
 Ste. Ruffine 162. 
 Salm, castle 290. 
 
 , tbe 179. 
 Salmrobr 179. 
 Salzig 109. 129. 
 Sand 329. 
 
 Sandau, island 124. 
 Sankenbacbs Falls 343. 
 Sasbacb 329. 
 Sasbacbwalden 329. 
 Satzvey 184. 
 Sauer, tbe 116. 173. 257. 
 
 267. 
 Sanerbrunnen 157. 
 Sauerburg, castle 116. 
 Sauersberg, tbe 324. 
 Sauertbal 267. 
 Saulxures 290. 
 Saurenberg, tbe 83. 
 Sausenburg 366. 
 Sayn 75. 69. 
 Savnbacb, tbe 69. 75. 
 Scbaafberg, tbe 327. 
 Scbadeck 200. 
 — , tbe 242. 
 Scbaerbeek 2. 
 Scbaferbof 282. 
 Scbaferplacken 154. 
 Scbaferplatz 281. 
 Scbaffbausen 375. 
 Scbaidt 257. 
 Scbalkenmehrer Maar 
 
 191. 
 Scballenberg, tbe 85. 
 
 87. 
 Scballstadt 338. 
 Scbapbacb 354. 
 Scbanzel, the 255. 
 Scbarfenberg, ruin 260. 
 Scbarfeneck, ruin 256. 
 Scbarfenstein (Black 
 
 Forest) 368. 
 — (Nassau) 124. 
 Scbarlacbkopf, tbe 120. 
 Scbarracbbergbeim 291. 
 Scbarteberg, Ibe 189. 
 Scbarzbof 166. 
 Scbaucnburg, ruin 347. 
 Scbau-ins-Land, tbe 
 
 337. 
 Scbaumberg 15^. 
 Scbaumburg 198. 
 Scheffelsee 373. 
 Scbenkenzell 355. 
 Scberbobl 257. 
 Scberweiler 292. 
 Scbeuern 341. 
 Scheuren 63. 
 Scbierstein 125. 131. 
 Scbifferstadt 255. 
 Schilifweiler 16S. 
 Scbiltacb 355. 
 — , Ibe 355.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 393 
 
 Schindelpeter 320. 
 
 Schirmeck 289. 
 
 Schladern 58. 
 
 Schlaferskopf, the 133. 
 140. 
 
 Schlangenbad 182. 
 
 Schlebusch 55. 
 
 ScWechtnau 368. 
 
 Schleich 183. 
 
 Schleiden 15. 184. 
 
 Schleifmuhle 153. 
 
 Schleitheim 374. 
 
 Schlenderhahn 1.5. 
 
 Schlettstadt 233. 
 
 Schliengen 338. 
 
 Schlierbach 242. 240. 
 
 Schlossberg, the (Frei- 
 burg) 33B. 
 
 — , — (Johannisberg) 
 123. 
 
 — , — (Kreuznach) 153. 
 
 — . — (Schirmeck) 289. 
 
 —., — (Wildenstein)310. 
 
 Schlosswald 305. 
 
 Schluchsee 3(53. 
 
 Schlucht, the 306. 
 
 Schluchtthal. the 374. 
 
 Schmalbach 342. 
 
 Schmalen.stein 311. 
 
 Schmelzer-Thral 87. 
 
 Schmidtheim 184. 
 
 Schneeberg, the 293. 
 
 Schneidhain 221. 
 
 Schneifel, the 187. 
 
 Schnellerts. ruin 232. 
 
 Schnierlach 302. 
 
 Schollenbach 234. 
 
 Schfimberg 354. 
 
 Schonach 351. 
 
 Schonachthal, the 350. 
 
 Schonau (Odenwald)23l. 
 242. 
 
 — (Palatinate) 267. 
 
 — (Wiesenthal) 368. 
 Schonberg (Hessen) 228. 
 
 — (Black Forest) 349. 
 Schonburg, ruin 113. 
 Schoneberg 367. 
 Schonecken 185. 
 Schonengriind 343. 
 Schonmiinzach 342. 
 — , the 343. 344. 
 Schonstein, chateau 58. 
 rfchonthal. the 255. 
 Schonwald 356. 
 Schopfheim 369. 
 Schramberg 350. 
 Schriesheim 229. 
 Schubergsfelsen 365. 
 Schuld 92. 
 
 Schutterthal, the 349. 
 Schwabenschanze 347. 
 Schwabweiler 257-. 
 
 Schwalbach 133. 116. 
 — , Burg 199. 
 Schwanenwasen 328. 
 Schwanheim 215. 265. 
 Schwarzach, the 363. 
 Schwarzbach, the (Tau- 
 
 nus) 221. 
 — . — (Black Forest) 342. 
 Schwarzenacker 260. 
 Schwarzenberg 343. 
 Schwarzenborn 193. 
 Schwarzenburg. ruin 305. 
 Schvvarze See. the 303. 
 Schwarzhalde, the 363. 
 Schwarz-Rheindorf 60. 
 Schwarzsee 373. 
 Schwarzwald 349. 
 Schweden?chanze 347. 
 Schweich 179. 183. 
 Schweighausen 277. 279. 
 Schweighof 365. 366. 
 Schweizerthal (St. Goar) 
 
 HI. 
 — , — (near Ems) 197. 
 Schwelm 56. 
 Schweppenburg, the 94. 
 Schwetzingen 229. 243. 
 Sechtem 72. 
 Seebach 343. 
 — , the 354. 360. 361. 
 Seebrugg 363. 
 Seebuck, the 361. 
 Seoheim 226. 
 Seelach, the 325. 
 Segendorf 68. 
 Sehl 177. 
 Sehringen 366. 
 Seifen 75. 
 Seligenstadt 232. 
 Sellhof 74. 
 Selters 75. 
 5elz 252. 264. 
 Sembach 155. 
 Senhals 178. 
 Senheim 178. 
 Sennheim 308. 
 Sentheim 310. 
 Servigny 163. 
 Se.=:enheim 264. 
 Seven Mountains, the 82. 
 — Virains, the 112. 
 Sewen 310. 
 Siebeldingen 265. 
 Siebenborn 179. 
 Siebengebirge 82. 
 Sieg, the 57. 73. 
 Siegburg 57. 
 
 , abbey 57. 60. 
 Siegen 56. 
 
 Siegfriedsklippen 74. 
 Sierck 174. 
 Sierentz 287. 
 Siershahn 75. 200. 
 
 3igolsheim_301. 
 Simmern 151. 
 Simonswald 356. 
 Singen 353. 375. 
 Sinn 58. 
 Sinzheim 328. 
 Sinzig 70. 65. 
 Sire, the 173. 
 Sirnitz 367. 
 Sobernheim 156. 
 Soden 219. 
 Soersthal, the 12. 
 Sohlberg, the 346. 
 Solingen 55. 
 Sollig, the 180. 
 Sollingen 311. 
 Sommerau 351. 
 Sondernach 307. 
 Sondernheini 264. 
 Sonnborn 55. 
 Sonnenberg (ruin) 139. 
 
 (Xahe) 157. 
 Sonsbeek 17. 
 Sooneck 116. 
 Sophienruhe (near 
 
 Baden) 325. 
 — (Badenweiler) 365. 
 Sourbrodt 13. 
 Spa 3. 
 
 Sparsbrod 282. 
 Speicher 186. 
 Speierskopf 140. 
 5pesburg 296. 
 Spever 261. 
 Speyerbach, the 255. 259. 
 
 261. 
 Spicheren 158. 
 Spicherer Berg 158. 
 Spirkelbach 265. 
 Spitzenstein 110. 133. 
 Sponheim 155. 
 Sprendlingen 252. 
 Springirsbach 179. 
 Stadtkyll 184. 
 Stahlberg, castle 115. 
 Stahleck, castle 115. 
 Stammheim 23. 
 Starkenburg, the (Hes- 
 
 en) 228. 
 
 (Moselle) 181. 
 Staudernheim 156. 
 )taufen(Munsterthal)367. 
 -, the (near Thann) 309. 
 — . the Grosse 327. 
 Staufen, the Kleine 327. 
 Staufenberg (Baden) 327. 
 
 castle 330. 
 Staufenburg, the 367. 
 Stavelot 13. 
 Steeg 115. 
 
 Steeger-Thol 114. 115. 
 Steele 55. 
 Steige 290.
 
 394 
 
 INDEX, 
 
 Stein, Burg (Nassau) 197. 
 
 — (near Savn) 75. 
 Sleinach 349. 
 Steinbach 232. 
 
 — (Odenwald) 328. 
 Steinberg, the 123. 121. 
 Steinborn 189. 
 Steinburg 278. 
 Steinen 370. 
 Steinfeld 257. 
 Steinthal 290. 
 Steinthalkopf 90. 
 Steinwenden 260. 
 Stenzelberg, the 86. 
 Sterkrade 18. 54. 
 Stern-See, the 310. 
 Sternerhiitte, the 65. 
 Sterrenberg 108. 130. 
 Stetten 369. 
 Stickelmiihle, the 139. 
 Stieringen 159. 
 Stockelberg 363. 
 Stockhausen 201. 
 Stockstadt 222. 
 Stolberg 13. 
 Stolzeneck 243. 
 Stolzenfels 104. 
 Storkensauen 310. 
 Stossweier 305. 
 Stotzheim 292. 
 Strahlenburg. the 229. 
 Strassburg 263. 
 Strengbach. the 298. 
 Strotzbiisch 188. 
 Stuben, monast. 178. 
 Stiihlingen 374. 
 Styrum 54. 
 Siichteln 50. 
 Suggenthal 357. 
 
 Sulz unterm Walde 257. 
 Sulzbach (Alsace) 305. 
 
 — (Baden) 347. 
 
 — (near Saarbrucken) 
 158. 
 
 — (on the Nahe) 156. 
 
 — (near Soden) 219. 
 — , the 132. 
 Sulzbad 291. 
 Sulzburg 338. 
 
 Sulzer Belchen. the 309 
 Sulzern 305. 
 Sulzinatt 285. 
 Sundgau, the 286. 287. 
 Sundhofen 338. 
 Siirth 60. 
 
 Tiinnchel, the 299. 
 Tannenberg 227. 
 Tannenfels 343. 
 Taube 347. 
 
 Taubenschlagfelsen 279. 
 Taunus, the 215. 
 Tellbcrg, the 95. 
 
 Tempelhof, the Ofieder- 
 breisig) 66. 
 , — (Moselle) 175. 
 
 Tetenborn 15. 
 
 Teterchen 159. 
 
 Tetin'^'en 159. 
 
 Teiifelskanzel (near Ba- 
 den) 326. 
 
 Teufelsloch 91. 
 
 Teulelsmiihle, the 341. 
 
 Teufelsstein, the 254. 
 
 Thai Ehrenbreitstein 101. 
 
 Thalhaus 244. 
 
 Thalmiihle 353. 
 
 Thann SOS. 
 
 Thannenkirch 299. 
 
 Thanweiler 297. 
 
 Thavingen 375. 
 
 Theisbergstegen 260. 
 
 Thennenbronn 850. 
 
 Theodorshalle 153. 
 
 Thienen 2. 
 
 Thiengen 374. 
 
 Thiergarten 327. 
 
 Thionville 164. 
 
 Tholev 158. 
 
 Thornich 183. 
 
 Thron 182. 
 the 182. 
 
 Thur, the 285. 308. 
 
 Thurant, ruin 175. 
 
 Thurmberg, the 311. 
 
 Thurnberg, ruin 109. 
 
 Thurner, the 359. 
 
 Thuron 175. 
 
 Tiefenbach 257. 
 
 Tiefenhausern 372. 
 
 Tiefenstein 372. 
 
 Tiefenthal 132. 
 
 Tilly-Stein 242. 
 
 Tirlemont 2. 
 
 Titisee, the 360. 
 
 Todtmoos 370. 
 
 Todtmoos-Au 370. 
 
 Todtnau 368. 
 
 Todtnauberg 368. 
 
 Todtnauer Hutte 362. 
 
 Tomberg, ruin 183. 
 
 Tonnerre, Mont 252. 
 
 Tonnisstein, bath 94. 
 
 Traben 179. 
 
 Trabener Berg, the 181 
 
 Traisa 232. 
 
 Trarbach 179. 174. 
 
 Trauerbnche 140. 
 
 Trechtiiigshausen 116. 
 129. 
 
 Treis 177. 
 
 Treves 166. 
 
 Triberg 350. 
 
 Triefenthal 255. 
 
 (Trienbach 297. 
 
 iTrier 166. 
 
 Trifels 266. 
 Trimborn 12. 
 Trips, chateau 52. 
 Trittenheim 183. 
 Troisdorf 57. 
 Trois Epis 304. 
 Trompet 54. 
 Tiooz, Le 3. 
 Truttenhausen 294. 
 Trutzeltz 176. 
 Tuni-Berg, the 337. 
 Tiillinger Ht3be 369. 
 Turkheim 'dOL 
 Turkismuhle 157. 
 
 Ubstadt 311. 
 Ueckingen 164. 
 Uedem 51. 
 Uedersdorf 192. 
 Uehlingen 374. 
 Uelmen 190. 
 Uelmener Maar 190. 
 Uerdingen 54. 
 Uerzig 181. 179. 
 Uesbach, the 187. 
 Unkel 74. 63. 
 Ungersberg 292. 296. 
 Unter-Aha 363. 
 Unter-Barmen 55. 
 Unter-Barville 280. 
 Untereggingen 374. 
 Unter-Grombach 311. 
 Unterhallau 374. 
 Unterharmer.sbachthal, 
 
 the 349. 
 Unterkirnach 352. 
 Unterlenzkirch 363. 
 Unter-Maubach 14. 
 Unter-Reidelbach 230. 
 Untersee, the 376. 
 Unter-Simonswald 356. 
 Unterwasserthal, the 345. 
 Urbach 298. 302. 
 Urbar 69. 
 Urbeis 303. 
 Urbis 309. 
 (Urft 184. 
 Urmatt 289. 
 Urmitz 69. 70. 
 Urnagold 343. 
 Urstein 293. 
 Utrecht 16. 
 Utsch 186. 
 Utzenfeld 368. 
 
 Val Benoit, Pont du 2. 
 Val de Ville 297. 
 Vallendar 76. 69. 
 Valwig 177. 
 Vecht, the 17. 
 Veenendaal 17. 
 Veitskopf, the 95. 
 Veldenz 182.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 395 
 
 Vellen 91. 
 Velp 17. 
 Veluwe, the 17. 
 Vendenheim 258. 278. 
 Venlo 51. 54. 
 Venusberg 81. 
 Verdun 161. 
 Verneville 161. 
 Vernich 183. 
 Verviers 3. 
 Vesdre, the 3. 
 Vetzberg 5S. 
 Victoriaberg, the 63. 
 Victoriabriinnen ltJ6. 
 Vieille-Montagne 2. 
 Viersen 54. 
 Vilbel 59. 
 Villingen 352. 
 Villmar 200. 
 Vionville 161. 163. 
 Virneberg 63. 
 Virneburg 94. 
 Vogelbach 366. 
 Vogelbachthal 365. 
 Vogisheim 366. 
 Vohrenbach 3c6. 
 Vohwinkel 55. 
 Volcanic Eifel, the 187. 
 Volkersweiler 266. 
 Volklingen 165. 
 Vollrads 121. 123. 
 Volme, the 56. 
 Volpertshausen !402. 
 Vorbruck 289. 
 Vorder-Langenbach 344. 
 Vorder-Seebach 345. 
 Vorder-Weidenthal 266. 
 
 267. 
 Vorgebirge. the 15. 72. 
 
 81. 183. 
 Vosges, the 287. 
 
 Wachenheim (Ehen. 
 
 Hessen) 254. 
 — (Palatinate) 253. 
 Wachtenburg, the 254. 
 Wadenheim bd. 
 Wadgassen 361. 165. 
 Wagensteigthal, the 358. 
 Waghausel 247. 
 Wahlenburg 285. 
 Wahlheim 252. 
 Wahu 57. 
 Waibstadt 243. 
 Walbach 305. 
 Walburg 258. 
 Waldau 356. 
 Waldbockelheim 155.154 
 Waldbroel 5>). 
 Waldeck, ruin 176. 
 Waldersbach 290. 
 Waldhof 222. 
 V'aldkirch 357. 
 
 Wald-Leiningen 233. 
 Waldmichelbach 231. 
 Waldsberg 295. 
 Waldsee 336. 
 Waldshut 374. 
 Walheim 18. 
 Walldorf 222. 311. 
 Wallerfangen 165. 
 Wallersheim 69. 
 Wallertheim 252. 
 Wallhausen 157. 
 Walporzheim 80. 
 Wambach 133. 
 Wan sen 291. 
 Wan^enburg 293. 282. 
 Wanzell 297. 
 Wanzenau 264. 
 Warche, the 13. 
 Warden 15. 
 Waremme 2. 
 Warenburs- the 352. 
 Warth. the IfO. 
 Wa.sen 367. 
 
 , the Rothe 310. 
 Wasenberg, the 277. 
 Wasenburg, the 277. 
 Wasenweiler 337. 
 Wa.'^holder Hof 92. 
 Wasigenstein, the 268. 
 Wasperweiler 2S0. 
 Wasselnheim 291. 
 Wa«senach 95. 
 Was.^erbillig 173. 
 Wasserliesch 173. 
 Weberlei, the 192. 
 Wecker 173. 
 Weeze 51. . 
 Wegelburg, the 267. 
 Wesscheid 310. 
 Wehen 133. 
 Wehlen 182. 
 Wehr 370. 871. 
 Wehra, the 370. 
 Wehra-Thal 370. 
 Wehrbiisch, the 190. 
 Weiden fnear Cologne) 
 
 49. 
 Weidenthal 259. 
 Weier im Thai 305. 
 Weilbach 216. 
 Weilburg 2tO. 
 Weiler 297. 309. 
 Weilerswist 183. 
 Weilerthal 297. 
 Weilmiinster 201. 
 Weilthal 200. 
 Weinbiet, the 255. 
 Weinfelder Kirche 190. 
 — Maar ISO. 
 Weingarten 311. 
 Weinheim 22S. 
 Weisenau 247. 
 Weisenheim 248. 
 
 Weiskirchen 216. 
 Weismes 18. 
 Weiss 75. 
 
 Weisj, the 801. 303. 
 Weissenbach 342. 
 Weissenburg 257. 
 Weissenthurm 69. 70. 
 Weisse See, the 308. 
 Weisshaus 172. 
 Weisstaunenhcihe 360. 
 Weissthal, the 201. 
 Weiten 165. 
 Weitersburg 76. 
 Weiterstadt 223. 
 Weizen 374. 
 Wekmund 285. 
 Welgesheim 252. 
 Welkenhausen 3. 
 Wellen 173. 
 Wellesweiler 260. 
 Welmich 109. 130. 
 Welschbruch 296. 
 Wel.«chen-Ennest 56. 
 Welschingen 353. 
 Wembach. the 368. 
 Wendel 157. 
 Wongerohr 179. 
 Wenzberg 92. 
 Werdohl 56. 
 Werlau mines 109. 
 Wernerseck, ruin 92. 
 Werrach 370. 
 Werschvveiler (Convent) 
 
 260. 
 Werth 14. 
 Weschnitz, the 228. 
 Wesel 17. 
 Wesseling 60. 
 Wesserling 309. 
 Westfalische Au 124. 
 Westheim 264. 
 Westhofen 248. 291. 
 Westrich, the 259. 
 Wetterberg, the 266. 
 Wetzlar 2ul. 58. 
 Wevelinghoven 15. 
 Weversbach 192. 
 Wichelshof, the 77. 
 Wickrath 53. 
 Widdig 60. 
 Wiebelsbach 232. 
 Wiebelskirchen 158. 
 Wied. the 67. 75. 76. 
 Wieden 368. 
 Wiedenereck 387. 368. 
 Wiedenfelsen 329. 
 Wiehre 336. 
 Wierschem 176. 
 Wies 173. 
 Wiesbaden 134. 
 Wiese. the 339. 
 Wiesenthal 247. 
 — , the 358. 368.
 
 396 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Wie<!loch 311. 
 Wilchiiigen S^T). 
 Wildbad 312. 343. 
 Wildenburg, the 177. 
 Wildenstein 310. 307. 
 Wilde See, the 344. 
 Wildgutach 356. 
 Wildgutachthal, the 359. 
 Wildschapbachthal 351. 
 Wildsee, the 312. 
 Wildstein 181. 
 Wilferdingen 311. 
 Wilgartswiesen 265. 
 Wilhelmshad 231. 
 Wilhelmsthal 3112. 
 Wilhelmsthurm 58. 
 WiUerwald 280. 
 WilsecklSe. 
 Wiltingen 166. 
 Wilwisheim 278. 
 Winchringen 173. 
 Windeck (Bergstra."3se) 
 229. 
 
 — (Sieathal) 58, 
 Windecker 268. 
 Winden (Baden) 318. 
 
 — (near Diiren) 14. 
 
 — (Palat.) 257. 
 Windschlag 330. 
 Windstein 268. 
 Wineck 2f;8. 
 Winkel 123. 131. 
 Winneburg 177. 
 AViuningen 175. 
 Winnweiler 155. 252. 
 Winterberg, the (near 
 
 Ems) ifi6. 
 Winterich 182. 
 Winzenheim 305. 
 Winzingen, ruin 255. 
 Wisch 293. 
 Wisneck 358. 
 
 Wissen 58. 
 Wisper, the 115. 
 Wisperthal, the 116. 
 Wittelsheim 285. 
 Wittlich 179. 
 Witznauer Miihle 374. 
 Woippv 163. 
 Wolf 181. 
 Wolfach 349. 353. 
 Wolf bach 353. 
 Woifhezen 17. 
 Wolfisheim 282. 
 Wfilflingen 278. 
 Wolfsbrunnen, the 240. 
 Wolfsburg, ruin 259. 
 Wolfsgarten 15. 
 Wolfskehlen 222. 226. 
 Wolfskirchen 280. 
 Wolffischlucht, the 326. 
 Wolkenburg, the 85. 
 Wollmesheim 266. 
 Wollstein 2i2. 
 Wulmsathal. the 306. 
 Wonnegau. the 248. 
 Wonsheim 155. 
 Worms 248. 
 Worringen 49. 
 Worrstadt 252. 
 Worsdorf 221. 
 Worth (Alsace) 257. 
 — (Palatinate) 264. 
 Wupper, the 23. 55. 
 Wiirgersdorf 58. 
 Wurm, the 52. 
 Wiirm, the 311. 
 Wiirselen 15. 
 Wuiach, the 375. 
 Wutachthal 363. 
 Wvhlen 373. 
 
 Xanten 51. 
 
 Yachthal. the 351. 
 Yburg, castle 328. 
 Yssel, the 16. 
 
 Zabern 278. 
 
 Zaberner Senke 278. 279. 
 
 Zahlbach 151. 
 
 Zahringen 331. 
 
 Zarten 358. 
 
 Zastlerthal, the 358. 362. 
 
 Zauberhohle, the 128. 
 
 Zeiskam 264. 
 
 Zeist 17. 
 
 Zell (Alsace) 303. 
 
 — (Moselle) 180. 
 
 — (Miimlingthal) 282. 
 
 — (Palatinate) 349. 
 
 — (Wiesenthal) 368. 
 Zellenberg 301. 
 Zeller Blauen, the 368. 
 Zeltingen 182. 
 Zendscheid 186. 
 Zerkall 14. 
 Zevenaar 17. 52. 
 Zeven 168. 
 Zicklenburg 74. 
 Ziegelhausen 240. 
 Zillisheim 287. 
 Zinzelthal, the 279. 
 Zollhaus 199. 
 
 Zons 49. 
 
 Zorn, the 258. 264. 
 Zotzenheim 252. 
 Ziilpich 183. 
 Zusenhofen 346. 
 Zweibriicken 260. 
 Zweibriiggen 52. 
 Zweribach, the 350. 
 Zwickgabel 344. 
 Zwieselbach 365. 
 Zwingenberg 227. 243. 
 
 Leipsic: Printed by Breitkopf and Iliirtel.
 
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