;,-i!!;::ii ^OFCAUFOff^ ^OFCAUFOR^ — ,1.. ^ *^ ^P"^ ^^ & u~ ;^ i ^53aEUNIVFR% 4MEUNIV£R% 'iJ3]i3K %liaAlNfl'3VJ^ ^ 1 If^ ^ ^tUBRARYGc> ^^HOimi^^ ^ojnvjio'^ ^OFCAUFORfo, ^OFCAUFOR^ %mwi^ 5-OF'tA!JF0%^ 1*^ '%miNnmv^ ^ 5yEUNIVER%. ^10SANCEI% \ ^1 A History of BewdleY; WITH CONCISE ACCOUNTS OF SOME NEIGHBOURING PARISHES. By JOHN R. BURTON, B.A., F.G.S., Rector of Dowles. LONDON : PUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHOR BY WILLIAM REEVES, 185, FLEET STREET. E.G. 1883. DA TO MilHam micbols riDarc^, lEsquirc, LORD OF THE MANOR OF BEWDLEY, THIS ATTEMPT TO ILLUSTRATE THE HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT BOROUGH IS INSCRIBED. 653512 PREFACE. This work has been drawn from very many sources. The Corporation Records were kindly placed at my disposal by R. Hemingway, Esq., Town Clerk. For permission to examine the voluminous MSS. of Dr. Prattinton in the Society of Antiquaries I am indebted to C. Knight Watson, Esq. The Hayley MSS. were lent me by the Rev. John Cawood ; and the Ribbesford Registers by the Rev. E. H. Winnington Ingram. My thanks are also due to the Rev. J. E. A. Fenwick for access to several rare books in the fine library collected by the late Sir Thos. Phillipps, Bart., at Thirlestaine House, Cheltenham. Help has likewise been kindly given in various ways by the Bishop of Worcester, the Dean of Worcester, J. O. Halliwell- Fhillipps, Esq., LL.D., F.R.S., Professor Willis-Bund, Rev. A. James, Rev. E. Bradley (" Cuthbert Bede"), Rev. J. P. Hastings, S. Z. Lloyd, Esq., and many others. The materials for this work have been accumulating for several years, and would make a far larger book. than that now laid before the reader. A local history can, however, only expect a limited circulation ; and it was not considered desirable to increase the price first named. The account of Stourport and the villages adjoining Bewdley does not claim to be more than a mere outline. A New County History, which is to be taken in hand shortly, will most likely do ample justice to these places. Any profits there may be from the sale of this book will be given for the benefit of Dowles Church and Sunday School. Bewdley, Jimc, 1883. J. R. B. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Alderson, Rev. Frank, Dudleston Vicarage, Ellesmere. Andrews, Mr. W., F.R.H.S., Hull. Antiquaries, Society of, Burlington House, London. Bagster, Mr. Basil B., Wribbenhall. (4 copies.) Bagster, Mr. Henry T., Wribbenhall. Baker, Mr. George, Beaucastle, Bewdley. Baker, Mr. Richard C, Wribbenhall. Baker, Mr. Slade, Sandbourne. Baldwin, Mr. Alfred, Wilden House. Baldwin, Mr. Enoch, M.P., The Mount, Stourport. (3 copies.) Baldwyn, Mr. J. Gough, Stourport. Bancks, Mrs. C. P., Bewdley. Bancks, Miss, Wribbenhall. Barton, Mr. Everard, Summerdine. (2 copies.) Barton, Mr. William, Stamford. Bathe, Rev. S. B., St. George's Vicarage, Kidderminster. Baugh, Mrs., Bewdley. (2 copies.) Beaman, Mr. John, Bewdley. (2 copies.) Beauchamp, Right Hon. the Earl, Madresfield Court. (2 copies.) Beddoe, Mr. Henry C., Hereford. Beddoe, John, M.D., F.R.S., Bristol. Beeby, Mrs. R., Stoke Golding. Belling, Mr. John, M.A., Stonehouse. Bentley, Rev. S., Bosbury Vicarage. Birmingham Free Library. Blencowe, Rev. Alfred J., Witton Vicarage, Northwich. Blencowe, Rev. Charles E., Marston Vicarage, Banbury. Blencowe, Mr. John A., Marston House. Blencowe, Miss, Marston House. Booth, Mrs., Wribbenhall. Boraston, Miss, Dublin. (3 copies.) Boraston, Mr. S., Wribbenhall. Boughton, Sir Charles Rouse, Bart., Downton Hall, Ludlow. (3 copies.) Bradley, Rev. Edward, Stretton Vicarage, Oakham. Brinton, Mr. John, M.P., Moor Hall, Stourport. Bromley, Miss, Bewdley. (3 copies.) Bury, Mr. John, Kateshill, Bewdley. (2 copies.) List of Subscribers. Bury, Miss, Bewdley. Brown, Mr. Charles, Droitwich. Bryan, Miss, Bewdley. Burton, Miss, Paris. (2 copies.) Burton, Miss, Stamford. Burton, Mr. George H., Stamford. Carnarvon, Right Hon. the Earl of, Portman-square, London. Cartwright, Mrs., Stourport. Cave, Rev. Fred. L., Bloxham. (2 copies.) Cawood, Rev. John, Bay ton Rectory. Chellingworth, Mr. W. H., Trimpley House. Chesshire, Rev. James L., Wribbenhall Vicarage. Childe, Mrs. E. Baldwyn, Kyre Park, Tenbury. Clack, Mr. J. S., Bedford. Claughton, Rev. T. Legh, Vicarage, Kidderminster. (2 copies.) Clinch, Mr. Alfred M., Bewdley. (4 copies.) Cole, Miss, Bordesley Hall, Redditch. Colledge, Mr., Dowlas. Compton, the Very Rev. Lord Alwyne, the Deanery, Worcester. Cownley, Miss, Kidderminster. Cooke, Mr. George, Carlisle. Cooke, JNIiss, Tettenhall. Cookes, Rev. H. W., Astley Rectory. Corbet, Mr. Henry, Fort Royal, Worcester. Crane, Mr. H., Oakhampton, near Stourport. Crane, Mrs., Oakhampton, near Stourport. Crane, Mr. John H., Hillhampton House. Crane, Miss, Bewdley. Crowe, Miss, Bewdley. Dalley, Mr. T. C, Bewdley. (2 copies.) Davies, Mr. D. Lloyd, Wyre Court, Bewdley. Davis, Rev. E. V. W., Abdon Rectory. Davis, Mrs., Dowles. Daunt, Mr. A. Kingscote, Bewdley. Dewse, Mr. G., Stamford. Dingwall, Mr. R. M., Clapham, S.W. Downing, Mr. J. Marshall, Dowles. (3 copies.) Dunn, Rev. M. W. M., Sutton Coldfield. Essington, Mrs., Ribbesford House. Fenwick, Rev. J. E. A., Thirlestaine House, Cheltenham. Fisher, Mr. J. B., Wribbenhall. Fletcher, Mrs., Kingston-on-Thames. (2 copies.) Fleming, Mrs., Wribbenhall. (3 copies.) Foley, Right Hon. Lord, Grosvenor-square, London. Foley, Mr. P. H., Prestwood, Stourbridge. List of Subscribers. Ford, Rev. W. O. Parker, the Vicarage, Bewdley. Foster, Mr. W. O., Apley Park, Bridgnorth. Foster, Mr. W. J., Bewdley. Foster, Mrs., Wells. Gabb.'Mr. John, Bewdley. (2 copies.) Gabb, Mr. Leonard A., Bewdley. (2 copies.) Gardiner, Mr. Benjamin, Eymore House. (2 copies.) Gibbons, Rev. B., Waresley House, Hartlebury. (2 copies,) Godson, Mr. A. P., Pump-court, Temple, E.G. Grazebrook, Mr. H. Sidney, Chiswick. Gretton, Rev. F. E., B.D., Oddington Rectory, Stow-on-the-Wold. Griffin, Mr. G. F., Stourport. Groome, Mrs., Eastbourne. Gurney, Rev. A. W., Little Hereford Rectory, Tenbury. Hall, Lieut. F., R.N., Broadway. Hall, Miss, Ashford House, Ludlow. Hallen, Rev. W., Wribbenhall. Harrison, Mr. C, Areley Court. Hancock.s, ]Mr. W,, Blakeshall House. Harvey, Mr. James J., Kidderminster. Hassall, Miss, Wribbenhall. Hastings, Rev. J. P., Martley Rectory. Havergal, Rev. Prebendary F. T., Upton Bishop Vicarage. Hately, Mrs., Clifton. Haywood, Mr. J. S., Worcester. Hemingway, Mr. R., Bewdley. Hereford, Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of, Hereford. Hereford, the Hon. and Very Rev. the Dean of, Hereford. Hemming, Mrs. Walter, Spring Grove, Bewdley. Hill, Mr. T. R., Q.C., M.P., Worcester. Hinton, Mr. W., Bewdley. Homfray, Mr. H., Kidderminster. Hopkins, Mr. T., Bewdley. Humpherson, Mr. Chas. J., Newport, Monmouthshire. (2 copies.) Ife, Miss, Melton Mowbray. Ife, Miss Ellen, London. Ingram, Rev. E. H. Winnington, Ribbesford Rectory. (4 copies.) Irving, Rev. Alex.. Wellington College. (2 copies.) James, Rev. Alfred, Burwarton Rectory. James, Rev. G. Howard, Nottingham. Jefferies, Mr. C. E., Wribbenhall. Kane, Mrs., The Grange, Monmouth. Kenrick, Mr. W., Harbornc. Knight, Mr. F. Wynn, M.P., Wclverley House, Kidderminster. List of Subscribers. Lamb, Mr. W. M., Worcester. Lamb, Miss J., Bewdley. Landon, Mr. Whittington, Bewdley. Lawrence, Mr. J. T., Bewdley. Lea, Rev. Josiah T., Far Forest Vicarage. (2 copies.) Lea, Mr. John W. T., Netherton House, Bewdley. Lea, Ven. Archdeacon, St. Peter's Vicarage, Droitwich. Lea, Rev. F. Simcox, Tedstone Delamere Rectory, Worcester. Lechmere, Sir Edw. A., Bart., M.P., Rhydd Court, Upton-on-Severn. Lloyd, Mr. S. Zachary, Areley Hall, Stourport. London Library, 12, St. James'-square, S.VV. Lubbock, Sir John, Bart., M.P., Lombard-street, E.G. Lyttelton, the Right Hon. Lord, Hagley Hall, Stourbridge. Lyttelton, the Hon. and Rev. Canon, Hagley Rectory. Lyttelton, the Hon. and Rev. Arthur T., Selwyn College, Cambridge. McClelland, Mr. Hugh, Birmingham. Manby, Mr. Cordy, Wassail Wood, Bewdley. (2 copies.) Manchester, Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Marcy, Mr. W. Nichols, Manor House, Bewdley. (8 copies.) Marcy, Mrs. ditto ditto. Martin, Mr. Joseph, Stourport. Moilliet, Rev. J. L., Abberley Rectory, Stourport. (2 copies.) Monck, Rev. Edward, Battle, Sussex. Moore, Miss, Liverpool. Morrall, Mr. E., Bridgnorth. Morris, Rev. Haywood, Stottesdon Vicarage. Morris, Mr, T., Hereford. Morris, Mr., Stourbridge. Morton, Mr. E. J., Wolverley. Nellist, Mr., Crundalls, Wribbenhall. Nicholas, Mrs., Malvern. Nicholas, Mr. Richmond, Wimbledon, Surrey. (3 copies.) Nicholas, Miss, Wribbenhall. Nicholls, Mr. John, Bewdley. Nicholson, Mr. T., F.I.B.A., Hereford. Norris, Mr. W., The Mount, Tenbury. North, Mr. Thos., F.S.A., Llanfairfechan. Ouseley, Rev. Sir Fred. A. G., Bart., St. Michael's College, Tenbury, Owens, Mr. Thos., Bewdley. Parkes, Miss, Blakebrook, Kidderminster. Parton, Mr. W., Wribbenhall. Payne, Mr. Philip, Bewdley. Pease, Mr. Arthur, M.P., Darlington. Pease, Miss Beatrice, Darlington. List of Subscribers. '^ Pease, Sir Joseph W., Bart., M.P., Guisbro' Hall, Yorkshire. Pemberton, Mr. Geo. A., Dowles. Phillipps, Mr. J. O. Halliwell, F.R.S , Hollingbury Copse, Sussex. Phillipps, Miss K. E. Halliwell, Hollingbury Copse. Philipps, Mrs., Edgbaston. Pitt, Miss Harriet, Wribbenhall. Player, Mr. J. Hort, Birmingham. (3 copies.) Pountney, Mr. Charles, Bewdley. Powis, Right Hon. Earl of, Powis Castle, Welshpool. Prescott, Mrs., Birches Farm, Tenbury. Price, Mr. S., Bewdley. Puckey, Mr. J. C, Stansted, Essex. Purton, Rev. John, Oldbury Rectory, Bridgnorth. Rayson, Rev. William, R.D., Lindridge Vicarage. Reiss, Rev. Fred. A., Rock Rectory. (2 copies.) Reiss, Mrs. L., 22, Princes-gate, London. Roberts, ~SIt. T. Lloyd, Corfton Manor, Shropshire. (2 copies.) Robertson, Rev. David, R.D., Hartlebury Rector}-. (2 copies.) Rollason, Mr. T., Handsworth. Rushout, the Hon Miss, Burford House, Tenbury. Salisbury, Very Rev. the Dean of, Salisbury. St. Albans, Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of, Danbury Palace. (3 copies.) Sanders, Rev. S. J. W., Northampton. Shaw, Mr. Giles, Winterdyne. (3 copies.) Smith, Mr. James, Bewdley. Smith, Mr. John, Bewdley. Smith, Rev. Prebendary I. G., the Vicarage, Malvern. Smith, Mr. S., Public Library and Museum, Worcester. Smith, Rev. T. Ayscough, t'le Vicarage, Tenbury. Southwell, Mr. T. Martin, Bridgnorth. Spencer, Mr. W. F., Spring Grove. Stone, Mr. James E., Kidderminster. Sturge, Mr. Charles, Wribbenhall. (4 copies.) Swinburn, Mrs., Wribbenhall. Tangye, Mr. Joseph, Ticknell. Tempest-Radford, Mr. T., Kidderminster. Temple, Sir Richard, Bart., G. C.S.I , the Nash, Kempsey. Tomkinson, Mr. M., Kidderminster. Tonks, Mr. J., Bewdley. Turner, Rev. G. P., Downton Vicarage, Ludlow. Vawdrey, Rev. Daniel, Areley Kings Rectory. Walcot, Rev. John, Bitterley Court, Ludlow. Walcot, Mrs. Owen, the Erwy, near Ellcsmere. List of Subscribers. Walcot, Commander John C. P., R.N., Bitterley. Walcot, John Halliwell, the Erwy. Warner, Rev. Prebendary C, Clun Rectory. (2 copies.) Watson, Mr. John, Waresley. Watson, Mr. C. Hugh, Stourport. Webster, Mr. Cecil, Bewdley. Whieldon, Rev. Edward, Hales Hall, Cheadle, (3 conies.) Whitcombe, Mr. R. H., Bewdley. White, Mr. Milson, Bewdley. White, Mrs. R., Upton-on-Severn. Wilding, Rev. C. J., Arley Vicarage. Willis-Bund, Mr. J. W., Wick Episcopi, near Worcester. Wilson, Mr. Geo. E., Wyddrington, Birmingham. {2 copies.) Wind.sor-Clive, Lady Mary, Oakley Park. (2 copies.) Winnington, the Dowager Lady, Ashburton House, Putney. Wodehouse Mrs., Ham Hill, Worcester. Wood, Mr. E. T. W., Henley Hall, Ludlow. Woodward, Mr. Robert, Arley Castle. (2 copies.) Woodward, Mr. Robert, jun., Arley Cottage. Woodward Mrs., Ashdown Cottage, Tenbury. Woodward, Mr. H. Toye, Kidderminster. Worcester, Right Rev. Lord Bishop of, Hartlebury Castle. CONTENTS. Rise of the Town and Descent of the Manor The Chapel . . The Bridge . . Ticknell and the Court of the Marches . . The Corporation Nonconformist Chapels and Meeting Houses Grammar School, Charities, &c. . . Illustrious ]\Ien Ribbesford Dowles Wribbenhall . . Lower Areley Upper Arley . . The Rock or Aka Mitton.. Extracts from Ribbesford Church Registers Chapel and Bridgewardens' Accounts . . Bailiffs of Bewdley . . Members of Parliament for Bewdley High Stewards, Recorders, &c., of Bewdley Charter of Edward IV. Extracts from Dowles Parish Registers . . Pedigree of Mortimer Miscellanea . . Index . . Page I i6 27 31 43 48 51 55 62 76 83 86 90 92 95 iii xii xxxvi xxxix xl xlii xliii xlvii xlix li CORRIGENDA. Page 9, line 2 from bottom : for roll read toll. Page 13, ,, 2 „ : insert 18. Page 61, „ 12 ,, : Sam. Skey the ^Wt'r was buried April 4, 1800. Page 64, ,, 2 ,, : for at read ad. Page xxix., line 7 : for Tuckers read Tinkers. Page xli., line 3 from bottom : for 1883 read 1835. IRiec of tbc Zom\ an^ 2)C0ccnt of tbc ni>anor. HE earliest mention of the modern Bewdley occurs under its old Saxon name of Wribbenhall — a name still retained by the adjacent village on the eastern side of the Severn, In the time of William the Conqueror both formed part of the great manor of Kidderminster. We read in Domesday Book (1085) : — " King William holds in demesne Chideminstre, with sixteen berewicks or hamlets : Wenvertun, Trimpelei, Worcote, Frenesse (Franche), and another Frenesse, Bristi- tune, Harburgelei (Habberley), Fastochesfelde, Gurbehale, Ribeford, and another Ribeford, Sudtone, Aldintone, Metune (Mitton), Tuelesberge, Sudwale. In these lands together with the manor are twenty hides* : the manor was all waste." The name Giivhehale here mentioned is no doubt the Norman way of spelling Wribbenhall ; for having no letter W, the Normans expressed the sound by " Gu " — e.g., Gulielmus for Willelmus, Gualterus for Walterus, Guarrena for Warrena. By substi- tuting W for " Gu " we get Wrbehale ; and we find it thus written in the annals of the Church of Worcester : — " In the year 1215 Hugh de Mortimer did fealty for Wrbehale in the A Domesday " Hide " was about 240 acres. A HISTORY OF BE WD LEY. Chapter-house at Worcester of 20s. a year, which his prede- cessors had granted to the said church to be received by the hands of certain persons ; who, because they would not render their rent, being ejected, both for a valuable consideration and. by force, he himself took the said land, and was to render the rent."''' The Register of the Priory of St. INIary of Worcester (1240) informs us how Wribbenhall first came into the posses- sion of the Church, and reads thus :— " Concerning Wruhenhale. A certain man, Thurstin by name, gave us Wrubenhal, Ralph de Mortimer senior conceding and confirming, as his charter beareth witness. In after times Roger de Mortimer took it for a fief. Whence he swore fealty to the Prior and Convent, and gave a relief [payment to the lord by a feudal tenant on entering his fief] , and bound his heirs, as his charter wit- nesseth, to do fealty to the Prior and Convent, and to give a relief according to circumstances, and to pay every year at the feast of St, Martin twenty shillings. "f The charter of Thurstin or Turstin here mentioned would seem to be still in existence, and is thus described in Archcso- logia, vol. xxxi., app., page 475 : — " 18 April, 1844, Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq., M.P. for Monaghan Co., exhibited a charter of the 12th cent. [? nth] from muniments of the Lech- mere family. It is a grant of land in Wribbenhall made by Turstinus to the monks of a n:ionastery not specified. The peculiarities of this charter consist, first in its being signed wuth a cross by each of the persons who made and confirmed the grant ; and secondly in the seal being suspended by a thin label, not as usual from the foot of the charter, but from the middle of it. It is believed that this is the only instance * " Anno Mccxv. Hugo de Mortuo mari fecit fidelitatem de Wrbehale in capitulo Wigornensi de xx solidis annuis, quos antecessores sui ecclesiae prai-dictae contulerant per manus quorundam percipiendos ; quibus eo quod redditum suum non redderent et vi ejectis et pretio, ipse praedictam terram suscepit redditum redditurus." — Annalcs Monasticl, vol. iv., page 405. t De Wruhenhale. Quidam homo Thurstinus nomine dedit nobis Wru- benhal : Radulphus de Mortuo-Mari seniore concedente et confirmante ; sicut carta ipsius te.statur, succedante tempore Rogerus de Mortuo-Mari cepit earn ad feodo firmam. Vnde Priori et conventui fidelitatem juravit, et releviura dedit, et obligavit heredes suos sicut carta ipsius testatur ad faciendum Priori et conventui fidelitatem, et ad dandum relevium pro tempore et ad solvendum singulis annis. In festo S. Martini xx sol. A.D. MCCXL.— Registnnn Prioratns Dtat.c Mari^ Wigomicnsis. Camden Soc. p. 20b. RISE OF TOWN S- DESCENT OF MANOR. 3 hitherto known of such a singular mode of attaching the seal being practised in England ; although something similar exists in the collection of charters in the Hotel de Soubise at Paris." This same Turstin, who figures here as a benefactor to the Monks of Worcester, was also Lord of Ribbesford ; but, as will be seen later on, his character is there drawn by the monks in very different colours. In the year 1148 Simon Bishop of Worcester in a very solemn manner confirmed to the Prior and Monks of Worcester all'" their lands and possessions, among which is named Wriben- hale. The manor belonged to the office of Cellarer in the Monastery, and was allotted with other places for the particular purpose of buying wood.'" In 1203 Roger de Mortimer did fealty to the church of W^or- cester of twenty shillings of Wurbenli [Wribbenhall] .f In 1 2 15, as has been shown, Hugh de Mortimer did the like. The following extract relates to Roger Mortimer, his nephew and heir, and would indicate that the ancient Wribbenhall, or a part of it, became the modern Bewdlcy : — " By an inquisition held at Worcester 7 May, 11 Edward III. (1388), before Robert de Longdon, deputy of William de Trossell,| the King's escheator for England on this side Trent, it was found that the manor of Beaidieu was held of the Priory of Worcester by the yearly rent of 205., which had been paid by Roger Mortimer the elder, Edmund Mortimer his son, Roger the son of Edmund Mor- timer, & Edmund the son of Roger & Matilda his wife, who were lords of Beaulieu & paid the rents before mentioned. "§ Here the owners of the manor, the persons who held it of them, and the amount of rent paid, are precisely the same as those given in 1215 ; but the name of the place has been changed from Wrbehale to Beaulieu, or " beautiful place." It was seldom that Norman place-names ousted those of Saxon origin ; but the loveliness of the scenery well justified the change in this instance. • Hay ley MS. t Reg. Prior. Beat. Maries Wigorn., p. 20b. Cam. Soc. vol. 91. J Sir Wm. Trussell was the judge who condemned the Despencers to death, and pronounced the deposition of Edward II. § Hayley MS. This will be more readily understood by reference to the Pedigree of Mortimer in the Appendi.\. A HISTORY OF BEWDLEY. The earliest mention of the town under its present name appears to be in the Close Roll of Edward I. (1304), when Margaret wife of Edmund de Mortimer is said to have had assigned to her for her better support certain lands in Beaidieu. Bewdley was probably a residence — at least an occasional residence — of the Mortimers about this time ; for on a muti- lated stone coffin lid discovered during the recent restoration of Ribbesford church is a shield bearing their arms : — Barry of six or and az., an inescutchcon arg. ; on a chief gold, gyvoned of the same, two pallets of the same. On the sides are the words, " Je vous PRi" and " Bon Henri." Norman-French monumental inscrip- tions were in general use only for a short time — 1290 to 1320 ; and it is to this period that we should assign the origin of the name Beaulieu or Bewdley. As examples of similar etymology, we find that Beaulieu in Monmouthshire became Bewley,* and Roilieu near Oxford became Rewley. In all the Inquisitiones post Mortem of the 14th century it is styled Beaulieu or Beauleu. In the charter of Edward IV. (1472) the name is spelt Beau- deley, showing that the change into its modern form was nearly completed. Leland (1506— 1552), who visited the town about 1539, says, " I gather that Beaudley is but a very new town, and that of old tyme there was but some poore hamlett, and that upon the Building of a Bridge there upon Severne, and resort of people unto it, and commodity of the pleasant site, men began to inhabit there ; and because that the plott of it seemed fayre to the lookers on it took a French name Beaudley quasi bellus locus. I asked a merchant there of the antientnesse of the towne, and he answered mee that it was but a new towne, adding that they had liberties granted by King Edward." Camden (1551 — 1623) gives the same derivation. " Bewdley," says he, " takes its name from its most pleasant situation — " Delicium rerum Bellus Locus undique floret Fronde coronatus Virianje tempera sylvae." Which Bishop Gibson translates thus — " Fair seated Bewdley, a delightful town, Which Wyre's tall oaks with shady branches crown." * Tiiylor's Words and Places, p. 267. RISE OF TOWN c?- DESCENT OF MANOR. 5 Dr. Stukeley in a letter dated from Bewdley, Sept. 17, 1712, says, " Were I to choose a country residence for health and pleasure, it would be undoubtedly on the west side of the island, not' far from this river (Severn), and where it is most distant from the sea." (Ittn. i., page 71.) We have seen that in the time of the Conqueror Bewdley (or Wribbenhall) was given by Turstin, a vassal of Ralph de Mortimer, to the Priory of Worcester. In 12 15 the tenant of the Monastery was ejected, but allowed compensation ; and then the Mortimers themselves resumed possession subject to a yearly rental of 205. After 1388 no mention of Bewdley is made in connection with the Monastery, and the manor descended through the Mortimers to our own Queen Victoria. To trace the history of the great family of the Mortimers would fill a volume. It was, moreover, a family so mixed up wath the general history of England that the local historian may the more readily pass it over. The founder of the family in England was Ralph de Mortimer, who came over from Nor- mandy with the Conqueror in 1066, and was the King's ablest Lieutenant in the West, and the vanquisher of Edric Sylva- ticus, the Saxon Earl of Shrewsbury. As a reward for his services he received the castle of W^igmore, and lands at Cleo- bury and elsewhere. Again, when in 1074 Roger Earl of Hereford lost his lands by rebellion, they were conferred on Mortimer, who then became one of the greatest barons in the West, and owned 132 manors on the Welsh border. The pedigree of Mortimer (see Appendix) is traced from him. Roger Mortimer (III.), created Earl of March, married Joan daughter and heiress ot Sir Peter de Geneville, and by this marriage the whole inheritance of Geneville and half the lands of Lacy came to the Mortimers. This was the notorious Roger Mortimer, the murderer of Edward II. : he was executed in 1330, and his estates were forfeited. Roger Mortimer (IV.) his grandson regained the patrimony and the Earldom of March. In 6 Edw. III. this Roger gave to John Chamberlain, grand- father of John de la More, custody of all his cattle in his manors of Clebury and Beaulieu and also in the Chace of Wyre.* * " Rog'us de Mortuo Mari dedit Joh'i Cam'ario Avo Joh'is de la More custodiam om'ium p'cor' suor' in man'iis suis de Clehury et Beaulieu ac eciam chacee de Wyie." — Inq.post Mortem, 6 Edw. 111., vol. iv., p. 52. A HISTORY OF BE WD LEY. Dying in Burgundy in 1360 he was succeeded by Edmund Mortimer (III.), Earl of March and Ulster, through whose marriage with Philippa daughter of Lionel Duke of Clarence their descendants ultimately succeeded to the Crown. In 1425 Richard Duke of York inherited the manor, and under his beneficent rule Bewdley made great progress. In 1441 he granted his office of Chief Ranger of his forest of IVeye (Wyre) in County of Salop to Leonard Hastings. In 1446 he obtained a licence for a market every week upon the Wednes- day at his manor of Beaudley, and for a fair yearly upon the festival of St. Agatha the Virgin (Feb. 5).-'= Thus in 1446 Bewdley rose from the condition of a village to the dignity o-f a market town, and in past times the holding of fairs and markets was regarded as a most valuable privilege. The want of a Bridge over the Severn seems to have been then immediately felt, and next ye^t (March 20, 1447) we find the Bishop of Worcester (John Carpenter) in his Castle of Hartilbury granting- 40 days' indulgence to all contributing to the building of the bridge lately founded (noviter fundaii) between the ville of Wre- benall in his diocese and stretching across the Severn to the ville of Bewdley in the diocese of Hereford. In 1459 Richard Duke of York was attainted, his property forfeited, and £/[0 per annum from Bewdley was given to Lord Dudley. In the early part of 1460 Bewdley was granted to Edward Prince of Wales, son of Henry VI., to get Wales from the Yorkists ; and in December Duke Richard was slain at Wakefield, and his head fixed on York gates with a paper crown on it. Richard's eldest son Edward, though only 19 years of age, was a very successful- leader ; and within a few months of his father's death he entered London in triumph,, and was proclaimed King by the title of Edward IV. (March 3, 1461). It is needless to say that with this change in fortune his father's attainder was reversed, and the ancient patrimony restored. Hence it was that the manor of Bewdley became part of the private property of the Sovereigns of England. In 1472 Edward IV. granted a Charter of Incorporation to the town, and conferred on it many privileges. (See appendix). Cart. 25 & 26 Ply. VI., n. 41. RISE OF TOWN S^ DESCENT OF MANOR. After the manor of Bewdley became Royal Demesne or Crown Land, it was customary for the King to let it to farm for a term of j-ears, except when it was actually occupied by members of the Royal Family. In the time of Henry VII. Prince Arthur held it and all the ancient Earldom of March in his own hands. In the next reign it was at times the residence of the Princesses Mary and Elizabeth. Some old deeds in the possession of John H. Crane, Esq., show that in 1601 it was leased to Sir Edward Bkiunt. In 161 2 it w^as held by Henry Pdnce of Wales, and the following survey of the manor w^as then taken : — Man'ium de) Bewdley j The presentmt of the Jury Sworne at a Court of Survey of the princes highnes of the said manner : as well for the meareing & bounding out of the said Mannor As also for other businesses of the princes highnes to them given in charge there holden the last day of September in the yeares of the reigne of or Soveraigne Lord James by the grace of God of England &c the Tenth & of Scotland the 46th before John Townley Esqr Steward and surveyor of the said Mannor Thomas Boylson Edrus Hale Edrus Tombes Willus Milton Sen Ricus Whitecote -Jur' Noia Jur' ffrancus Dickins Walter us Hill Thomas Dedicott Johes Hayles Willus Milton Jun' -Jur' Ricus Barret Johes Hill de Silton Humfrus Burlton Ricus Clare Willus Kaye Johes Tyler Johes Hard wick Willus Boylson Johes Nash -Jur' ,-Jur' The bounds of the Mannor. The first meare or bound of the said Mannor or Lordshipp beginning on the sowth side of the Town of Bewley leadeth along by the River of Seaverne unto a meadowe called Blackstone meadowe in the Lordshipp of Ribbesford & so leadeth by the bounds of the said Lordshipp of Ribbesford adjoining to Bewdley parke pale up along to the said parkes end And so to a copice called the Hoockleasowe and from thence leading to another copice called the Hoockwood and from thence to a place called the Rovell parcell of the princes woods & so leading along from Hoockwood hedge vnto a certaine leasowe called porters & then leading by the said leasowe hedge unto a brooke called Gladder brooke, and so over the said brooke unto tin; lands of S' Tho: 8 A HISTORY OF BEWDLEY. Conisby kn* called parlors and from thence unto certaine grounds here- tofore waste and now Inclosed into seu'all parcells in the tenure of divers persons conteyning in the whole by estimacon' about Ten acres, & from thence unto a waste parcell of ground of the Lordshipp of Abbottesley called Gibheath & from thence unto a poole called the Dead poole, and from thence vnto a place called Tybbebach & so to a meadowe called Gavards meadowe & from thence unto the lands of the said Sr Tho: Conningsby & so unto certaine Leasowes called ffoxlies & ffoxlies hill which are adjoining vnto blisse yate & thence leadeth east- ward from the Bliss yate unto a Copice of the said Sr Thos: Coningsby called parlors Bynde als-Shutford & so leading to Gladder brooke againe along by a wood called Altonswood unto a place called the Lye- head All which said Lyehead is within the Lordshipp of Bewdley, & so leading by Altonswood vnto a marish ground seggbach And so from the said seggbach leading by Altonswood to Cleobury way And so still leading from the said Altonswood vnto a place called the over end of the Lords yard. And from thence to a place called the Shelfe heald brooke & from thence Down a long by the said brooke so to Dowles brooke & so a long by Dowles brooke, to Goodvvater Brooke from the which Goodvvater Brooke cometh a great highway, And so by the Lordship of Dowles to Barkehill & so down Barkehill a long by the lordship of Dowles unto the said River of Seaverne on the North side of the Town of Bewdley, & from thence along by the said River of Seaverne to the Sowth side of the said Town of Bewley where the first bound began, And also certain waste grounds of this Lordshipp divers parcells whereof are now Inclosed called Linoils, Hedgewick & good Moore, with the Copices called the old Binde, the new bynde, the new Lodge binde, which Copices are meared & bounded as hereafter followeth That is to say from Dowles brooke up a long by Altonswood unto a Coppice of the aforesaid Sr Tho ; Conningsby called Roiose Bynde & so a long Downe by the said Coppice & up againe to Cleobury way, & from thence leading by the said way to Altonswood & so lead- ing along by the said Altonswood to Oledgewick & and from thence along by the said wood to Lempe Brooke & so directly by Lempe brooke to Dowles brooke aforesaid & from thence up to the corner of Altonswood where the last bounds began. Concerning the Capitall mesuage & the demeasne Item the Jury doe pesent that the prince hath a Capitall mesuage within the said Mannor called Ticknell & a Stable called the Kings Stable togeather with a parke called Bewdley parke, & fair meadows adjoining called the Lady meadowes. Item they doe pesent that there are groweing within the said parke 3500 old Trees And they value 1000 of them at ;/|'iooo And one other 1000 of them at 1000 INIarks, & one other 1000 of them at ;^5oo and the 500 residue at 500 Nobles. The parcke conteineth about 400 Acres (halfe) of it is heath ground RISE OF TOWN cT-- DESCENT OF MANOR. g wherein by estimac'on there are between one hundred & eighty head of Deere besides the feeding of which Deere the herbage may be esteemed to be worth £xx by the yeare, And the said meadowes called the Lady Meadowes conteine about 34 Acres and are worth £^0 by ye year. Item they pesent that there is no Advowson within this Mannor but a Chappell, to which King Phillippe & Queen Mary, by theire L'red patents under the greate Seale of England have graunted a Stypend of ;^viii pr Annu', which is paid by the Kings mats Receivo''s accordingly. The Waste and Comond within the jMannor. acres Item they pesent that the Lodge Copice cont' by estimac'on . . 60 o Item the parke end Copice cont' by estimac'on 60 o The new bynde Coppices conteine by estimac'on 26 o The Coppices called Hitterell Coppices cont' by estimac'on . . 104 o The old Bynde Coppice cont' by estimac'on 040 o The Coppices called powcamaston and picamaston conteining 048 o by estimac'on 48 acres which are in a lease I for ;^xxii p' Annu' & which they conceive to be the worth ^ the rent ' One pcell of waste called great Hedgwick con' b}- estimac'n . . 240 o One pcell of waste called ye little Hedgwick, cont' by estm' . . 070 o One parcell of waste called the Goodmore cont' by estimac'on. 040 o One parcell of waste called the Lynolls con' by estimac'on. . . . 050 o The Lords yard, Cold harber & Shelfe head con' by estm'. . . . loo o Whereupon are growing about 60 great Trees to the value of £^ a Tree And the vnderwood is worth pesently to be felled One parcell of waste called the Rovell cont' about two acres where- upon there is wood growing worth ^t,. acres One pcell of ground called the Lyehead now inclosed cont' by estm' 016 o The Barkhill conteining b}- estimac'n 004 o A waste called Hacidlyes Bind con' by estimation 020 o The new Lodge Bind conteyning by estimation 024 o whereupon some wood is groweing worth £6 135. ^d. Intrusions within the Mannc. * * ;;: ^ t- * * The Town of Bewdley. The Towne of Bewdley scituate within the said Manner is scituate adjoining to the said River of Seaverne which Town was Incorporate in the third year of his Maties Reigne by the name of the Bayliffe & Burgesses, The Jurisdicc'on of wch said Corporac'on doth extend to the lymitts of the said Mannor, Upon the graunting of which said Charter there is reserved xxs. p Ann' to the Kings Ma'ies. Item they pesent that there be four fairies by the yeare & two marketts weekly graunted by Charter, And the roll of ye Marketts and of Bridge are graunted to the Corporac'on by the Kings Matie. lo A HISTORY OF BE WD LEY The Bayliff and Burgesses of Bewdley were the next lords farmers of the manor. The Court Rolls commence in 1655, Sept. 4th, Sir Ralph Clare, Knight of the Bath, being the lord, and Adam Hough, gent., steward of the manor. From 1670 to 1673 the Courts were held in the name of Samuel Gardner, gent. In 1673 Bewdley manor was settled in jointure on Queen Catherine of Braganza, wife of Charles II., who then demised the park and manor and first and second vesture on the cutting of Lady Meadows, and liberty to get coals, to Sir Richard Powle, from Michaelmas, 1702 (when Gardner's lease expired), for 40 years, at a rental of ;£'i7. 105. ^d. She also demised to Sir R. Powle 447 acres of coppice to hold from Lad5^-day, 1695, for 40 years — rent ^17. Five days after this Sir R. Powle sold his interest in these leases, for ^1123 and ^1081. 15. 8d. respec- tively, to Sir Francis Winnington. In 1674 Sir F. Winnington also purchased for ^2765 Gardner's title to the manor for the residue of 31 years. vSoon afterwards Charles II. demised a lease to him for gg years, from the expiration of his former leases. This grant continued the Winnington family in posses- sion of the manor till 1841, when it reverted to the Crown. The Earl of Dudley was afterwards lessee, and in 1870, on the expi- ration of his term, the whole of the estates (2210 acres), including Winterdyne, Ticknell, Kateshill, Park Lodge, Park Farm, Wharton's Farm, Bowcastle, Uncles', and part of Wyre Forest, together with the manorial rights, were sold to various purchasers. Tradition relates that the original town of Bewdley was situ- ated on the Wyre Hill at sgme little distance from the Severn ; and an ancient inn — formerly the " Shoulder of Mutton," now the " Old Town-Hall " — had, until recent times, a projecting story with pillars, under which was a covered market. Edward I. granted to Henry de Ribbesford a market on every Wednesday, and a fair on St. Margaret's-day, and this may have been- the site on which it was held. It is now quite disused for this pur- pose, but the houses near it are very old, and the high road went past it till 1753. Such a splendid position on a fine river, and near a forest abounding in oaks, was not overlooked by the inhabitants of Bewdley, and they made use of their opportuni- ties by applying themselves to boat-building and navigation. RISE OF TOWN In Nov., 1574, a heavy snowstorm carried away part of Bewdley bridge, and destroyed a great store of salt at Droit- wich. During the Civil Wars Bewdley bridge was an important strategic post. Immediately after the battle of Worcester (Sept. 3, 1651) Major Mercer was sent with a strong party to take possession of it, and on Sept. 4th Cromwell wrote to the Parliament : — " I believe the forces that lay through providence at Bewdley were in a condition to intercept the flying enemy." Mr. William Stokes (now living in Bewdley) was when a boy told by an old woman that her grandfather stood on Stagberry Hill, and heard the hubbub of the battle of Worcester, and saw the Royalists fleeing over Burlish Common. Richard Baxter savs : — " Kiderminster being but 11 miles from Worcester the flying army past some of them thro' the town & some by it. I was newly gone to bed, when the noise of the flying horse acquainted us of the overthrow : and a piece of one of Crom- well's troops that guarded Bewdley bridge, having tidings of it, came into our streets, & stood in the open market place, before my door, to surprise those that past by. And so when many hundreds of the flying army came together, when the 30 troopers cried Stand, & fired at them, they either hasted away or cried quarter, not knowing in the dark what number it was that charged. And so, as many were taken there as so few men could lay hold on, and till midnight the bullets flying towards my door & windows, and the sorrowful fugitives hasting by for their lives, did tell me the calamitousness of war." The bridge appears to have suffered considerably in these rough times, and at a meeting of the Corporation, June 6, 1662, it was determined that " Whereas an Arch of y'^ bridge is broken down in y time of y'= late warrs, the repaire whereof is likely to require a great charge much beyond what this borough is of itself able to beare, petition is to be made at sessions for assistance from the hoi\y of y^ County." 30 A HISTORY OF BEWDLEY. The old patch-work bridge managed to hold together till the spring of 1795, when, after a long-continued fall of snow, a sudden thaw raised a heavy flood in the Severn, and the pile that had withstood the floods of more than 300 winters at last gave way. The distinguished Telford was called upon to supply the design for a new structure. In place of five arches he made three — one of 60 feet span and two of 52 feet. He also placed his bridge a little higher up the river, so as to be in a line with Load Street, and this necessitated the pulling down of some houses then standing at the bottom of that street. The work was rapidly completed in 1798, and Telford wrote thus to a friend in December of that year : — " The drought of the summer was unfavourable to our canal working : but it has enabled us to raise Bewdley bridge as if by enchantment. We have thus built a magnificent bridge over the Severn in one season, which is no contemptible work for John Simpson* and your humble servant, amidst so many other great under- takings." The bridge, which cost altogether ^11,000, was opened Sept. 28, 1 801. Miles Peter Andrews, then Member for the Borough, gave ;^3000 towards its erection, and the following gentlemen came forward to advance money on loan Sam. Baker Joseph Crane J. H. Crane Wm. Slaney Robt. Pardoe Jon. Skey Joseph Child W. A. Roberts Thos. Crane Lord Lyttelton Hon. E. Foley Sir E. Winnington Wm. Bancks Elizabeth Clarke Total . . ;^IOO 100 100 100 250 100 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 100 H. B. Childe .. £250 Samuel Kendrick 150 John Brookholding 50 Joseph Seager . . 50 Thos. Compton . . 250 J. and W. Cartwright . 250 John Phillips 250 Thos. Hayley . . 250 Wm. Lygon 250 Rev. E. Baugh .. 50 John Simpson . . 250 Thomas Telford 250 Sir E. Winnington 250 t /5 ISO- Tolls Avere charged for passing over the bridge, and the right to collect these was let by the Corporation for ;^300 per annum. In 1834 the bridge was free from debt, and the tolls were abolished. * His foreman of masons : buried in St. Chad's church, Shrewsbury, t Nicholls' Lecture on Bewdley. TIC KNELL S- THE MARCHES' COURT. 31 ^icUnell ait^ the Court of tbc flDarcbccn N the summit of a hill overlooking Bewdley is Ticknell House. It was formerly a Royal Palace, and many historical associations are connected Avith it. The name is evidently derived from the Saxon tican-hill or Goats' hill ; and this name has clung to it for many ages, though the goats have long since departed. An old poet describes the hill as " With Mercian Tow'rs adorn'd ;" but there is no historical evidence to give in support of this statement. From early times Ticknell formed a manor of itself, distinct from Bewdley, and belonged to the Mortimers.* The manor would imply a manor-house, and we ma}' hazard a conjecture that the Mortimer whose coffin lid is now to be seen in Ribbes- ford church was the builder, or an earty inhabitant, of Ticknell. This would perhaps be the man who about 1290, looking down upon the lovely Severn valley, with the hamlet of Wrbehale nestling at his feet, called it in his own tongue Beau-lieu. Leland gives us this description of Ticknell as it was in his time : — "There is a fayre Mannour place by West of the Towne standing in a goodly Parke well wooded, on the very Knappe of an hill that the Towne standeth on. This place is called Tickenhill. Whether there was an ancient house in tymes past or noe I am not assured ; but this that now is there is * 3 Hy. VI. Cal. Inq. iv., 93. " Tykenhull maner' extenta ampla ; Beau- lieu villa; Sabrin' passag' ultra aqua: Wyre fforest' custod' ejusdem concess' Jo' de la More et hered. Salop. — Edmund de Mortimer, Earl of March." 32 A HISTORY OF BEWDLEY. somewhat new, and as I heard, was in a manner totally erected by K. H. 7th. for Prince Arthcr. It was repaired for the Lady Marye. Since I heard that Rich. E. of Marche & D. of Yorke builded there. It was Mortimer E. of Marches land." Ticknell Palace was built largely of timber, and had a great court and garden with several out-buildings, the site altogether occupying two acres. There was a fine park belonging to it containing all the grounds of Ticknell, Kateshill, and Winter- dyne within one enclosure. According to a survey made in 161 2 there were 3500 large oak trees growing in the park, and 180 head of deer feeding in it. The stable belonging to the house, called the " King's Stable," was situated near Tinker's Gate.* It was a large timber building, often used as a shelter for the homeless (see Registers, 1599, &c.), but burnt down about 1 73 1. From Rymer's Fcedeva, vol. xii., 756-762, we get the following description of the marriage of Prince Arthur to Catherine of Aragon : — " On 19th. May 1499 at 9 o'clock in the morning, after first mass (it being Whitsunday) in the Chapel within the manor of Prince Arthur situated and being near the town of Bewedelay in the diocese of Hereford. The Prince, Roderic Gundesalvi de Puebla, the Spanish orator and proctor to the Lady Catherine, the Rt. Rev. William [Smyth] Bishop of Lincoln, President of the Prince's Council, & John [Arundel] Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry the Prince's Chancellor were assembled by appointment. The proceedings were opened by the Chancellor who (having stated that Dr. Richard Nic had the day before brought a letter from the king, expressing his Majesty's wishes for the marriage, & that Dr. de Puebla was then present with his proctor's commission from the Princess, & that the Pope had given his Dispensation) desired the Prince publickly to declare his mind upon the subject : to whom the Prince replied that he rejoiced at the wishes of his Parents & the Pope, & consented to the marriage taking place, for which he declared himself ' paratissimus.' Dr. de Puebla then declared himself equally ' most ready' to perform the ceremony on behalf of the Princess. The Chancellor then inquired of the Orator if he had sufficient authority, who immediately produced a Proctor's license signed by the Princess herself, with her seal enclosed in a wooden box attached to it by a green silk cord. This license was then read by Dr. Rd. Nic & was to this effect. ' That she was betrothed to the Prince at Woodstock on the 15th. Aug. 1497, that the Pope's dispensation was signed Id. Feb. 1497, & that she appointed Roderic Gundisalvi de Puebla her Proctor generally and specially to perform * Close to the Peacock Inn. TICKNELL <^ THE MARCHES' COURT. 33 the ceremony in her name, promising faithfully to abide by anything he should think right to do upon the occasion.' This deed was at Majoretum 12 March 1499 signed by the Princess of Wales and the Secretary Michael Perez Dalmacon, Apostolic Notary, in the presence of Gutenius de Cardenas, Head Master of the Order of St. Jacob de Spata, Accomptant General of Castile, Anthonius de Fonseca Major Domo to the Princess Margaret, & Johannes de Velasquez Accompt. General to the Prince. After reading this the Prince put out his right hand, & took hold of the right hand of the Proctor (Richard Poole the Prince's Chamberlain holding both their hands conjoined) and declared that he received the Proctor in the name of the Lady Catherine & the Lady Catherine in her own person, as his true lawful & indubitable wife, promising from that hour so to treat & consider her. Their hands being disjoined, the Proctor went through the same ceremony & declared that he in the name of the Lady Catherine, took Prince Arthur as the true lawful & indubitable husband of the Lady Catherine, & in her name promised so to treat & consider him. The witnesses to this deed are Sir Rd. Poole the Prince's Chamberlain, Henry Vernon the Prince's Trea- surer, William Wodhall the Prince's Contra-rotulator, Thomas Poyntz, Dr. Rd. Nic King's Counsellor, Revd Robert the Prince's Almoner, Henry Reyn- ford Clerk of the Council, Bernard Andrew the Prince's Preceptor, Gundi- salvus Ferdinandi Rector, Martin Guerrerus, Alphonso of St. John, & Edward Halt. Signed John de Tamayo Apostolic Notary." The marriage was ratified by King Henry VII. at Calais, May 28th. After the marriage Prince Arthur continued to reside chiefly at Ticknell and Ludlow Castle ; and he was the last Prince of Wales who really exercised any sovereignty over his Princi- pality. Amongst other matters which he was called upon to arrange was a long-standing feud between the towns of Bewdley and Kidderminster. His decision is handed down to us in the following terms : — " Ordinac'o'es f'c'e inf ho'i'es & Ink'itantes ville de Bewdeley & Inh'itanfes ville de Kiddermystey 31 Jan. 9 Henry VH. Mem. That it is divised, ordayned, & determyned, att the Cittie of Hereford by the Counsaille of Prince Arthure the first begotten Son of our said Sovereigne Lord, for a finall concord love peace & amytie from hensforth to be had bytwene all th' inh'itants & resiants of the Towne of Bewdeley on the one part & all th' inhitants & resiants of the Towne of Kiddermyster on th' other ptie that they & every one of them shall obey observe fulfill & kepe the Articles hereafter ensuing. In eschuyng all maner gruggs, debats, variances or discords, that now been, or that here- after might happen to be between them for any old or new matters — First &c. . . item &c. ... It is by the said Counsell ordayned & determyned that if 4 34 A HISTORY OF BEVVDLEY. hereafter shall happen anie new grugg or variaunce to be betweene the inh'itantes of the said townes, that then they, nor anie of them, take upon them to justify or avenge their said quarrels, but alwaies from tyme to tyme when and as often as the cause shall so require, come & resort unto the said Prynce & his Counsell, ther to show the causes of the same variaunces, & to abide obei & fulfill the direction & determinacioun at all seasons that shal be therein taken by the said Prince & his Counsell. — In witness whereof & of all the p'misses the said Prince hath hereunto putt his signett, the right reverend Father in God the Bishop of Ely, president of his Counsaill with other of the same Counsaill, have subscribed & put to their hands the dale & yeare before rehearsed. "Jo. Ely R. Powes R. Croft " RoBT. Frost T. Poyntz Newton"* The following extracts from Churton's Life of Bishop Smyth are given as evidence that the Prince did really reside and hold his Court at Bewdley : — " 1500. When he [Bp. Smyth] had proceeded a day's journey on his way to Lincoln he was overtaken at Litchfield by express from the King, which obliged him to return to Bewdley, in order to direct certain arduous affairs of the Prince of Wales, who was then at Bewdley, where he had for some time kept his court." f Again in 1501. " Prince Arthur wrote to the University of Oxford request- ing that his servant John Stanley might be elected superior Bedel of the University. Given under our signett at the manor of Beaudley the 12 day of August."! After little more than a year of happy wedded life this hope- ful Prince died in Ludlow Castle, April 2, 1502. " The Corps was boielled and well siesed, and conveniently dressed with spices & other sweet stuff. It needed no lead : but was chested, which chest was covered with a good black cloth with a white cross, & sufficient rings of iron to the same. " The Corpse was removed on St. Mark's day (Ap. 25) from Ludlow to Beaudeley : it was the foulist could windy & rayney day, & the worst way. Yea in some places fayne to take oxen to drawe the chare so ill was the way. And as soon as he was in the Chapell of Beaudley there, and set in the * Blakeway MSS. t Page 113. J Page 170. TIC KNELL S- THE MARCHES' COURT. 35 Quire, therewith such lights as might be for that room the Dirige* began. That don the Lords & others went to their Dyner, for it was a fasting day. On the morning the Earl of Surry officiated at the Masse of requiem. A Noble in manner as before [at Ludlow] at which Mass season there was a general Dqle of Pens, of two Pens to every poor Man & Woman. From Beaudley Sir Richard Croft & Sir William Overdale, Steward & Controller of the Prince's Horse, rode before to Worcester." t About twenty years after the death of Prince Arthur, Tick- nell Palace was repaired by Henry VIII. as a residence for his daughter, the Princess ]Mary. The weekly accounts of work- men employed amounted in eighteen weeks to ^354 5s. 5^d., and this was at a time when a labourer's wages were about ^^d. a day. Amongst the rooms mentioned in the palace are " My Lady's Own Chamber," " My Lord President's Chamber," and " The Prince's Chamber." There is also an account of a pay- ment of 25. 3^. for the carriage of twenty- seven loads of bows and arrows, gunpowder, guns, stones, and harness from the manor of Ticknell to the town of Bewdley. In the early part of the reign of Edward VI. Ticknell appears to have been in possession of Lord Seymour, brother of the Protector Somerset ; and it probably came to him on his marriage with Queen Catherine Parr, widow of Henry VIII. The State Papers (vol. vi.) contain a deposition made by Edward Rouse concerning certain orders given by Seymour for keeping his house at Bewdley, in Shropshire. When Seymour was executed (March 20, 1549) the manor would revert to the Crown. After the death of Prince Arthur other eminent men were appointed from time to time to administer justice within the «' Marches" | or border-land between England and Wales. The exact limit of their jurisdiction is not very clearly defined ; and indeed disputes about it were of common occurrence in olden times. Much curious information concerning the history and • Dirge : from dirige gressus meos in Psalm cxvi. 9, which was used in the Office of the Dead. t From MS. of the time now in College of Arms. J From " Mark," a boundary— a fief held by the tenure of defending it against aggression ; whence we get Mayk graf, Margrave, Marquess, Marchess. 36 A HISTORY OF BEWDLEY. extent of the " Marches of Wales " has been gathered by Sir G. Duckett, Bart., and printed in vol. xii. of the Anhceologia Camhrensis. We are indebted to him for the following List of Lords President of Wales. 17 E. IV. — The King sent his son Prince Edward to reside there, under the tuition of the Lord Rivers, his uncle; & Joseph Alcock, Bishop of Worcester, was made President. 17 H. 7. — Dr William Smith, Bishop of Lincoln. 4 Hen. 8. — Jeffery Blyth, Bp. of Coventry & Lichfield. 7 Hen. 8. — Jo. Vosy fVoysey, Voiscie, or VeseyJ, Bp. of Exeter. 27 Hen. 8. — Roland Lee, Bp. of Coventry and Lichfield. 34 Hen. 8.— Richard Sampson, Bp. of Chester. berland). 2 E. 6. — John Dudley, E. of Warwick (afterwards D. of Northum- 4 E. 6. — William, E. of Pembroke. 1 Mary. — Nicholas Heath, Bp. of Worcester (afterwards Archbishop of York, & Lord Chancellor of England). 3 Mary. — William E. of Pembroke. 6 Mary.— Gilbert Browne (or Bourne), Bp. of Bath & Wells. 1 Eliz. — Sir John Williams, Lord Williams of Thame. 2 Eliz.— Sir Henry Sidney, K.G., and Lord Lieut, of Ireland. He was 24 years Lord President of Wales (during which time John Whitgift, Bp. of Worcester & Abp. of Canterbury, & Henry Earl of Pembroke, son-in-law to Sir H. Sidney, were Vice- Presidents). 28 Eliz.— Henry Earl of Pembroke (1586— 1601). I James I. — Edward Lord Zouche (1602 — 6). 4 James I. — Ralph, Lord Eure, Baron of Wilton (1607 — 16). 14 James I. — Baron Gerard of Gerard's Bromley, Staffs (1616 — 17). 15 James I. — Earl of Northampton (1617 — 25 — 30). 9 Charles I. — John Earl of Bridgewater (1633 — 39 — 49). 13 Charles II.— Richard Vaughan, Earl of Carbery (1661—66— 71). 24 Charles II. — Henry Somerset, Marquis of Worcester, created Duke of Beaufort (1672 — 87). I W. & M.— Charles Gerard, Earl of Macclesfield (i68g), last Lord President. A reference to this list will explain many of the entries in the Chapel-and-Bridge Wardens' accounts. Ludlow was the town specially fixed for the sitting of the Court in winter time ; but the Palace of Ticknell was kept up for the use of the Lords President, and from various sources we learn that the Court must have been held here nearly every summer. One of the reasons assigned for granting the charter of James L to Bewdley is that it is the " frequent abode and residence of our Council in the Marches of Wales." TICKNELL & THE MARCHES' COURT. 37 On May 6, 1559, Sir Hugh Paulet . (father of Sir Amias Paulet, custodian of Mary Queen of Scots) wrote to William Cecil, " I hope to be with the Bishop of Bath at Bewdley before Whitsunday," — State Papers, vol ix. On Jan. 25, 1563-, Sir Henry Sydney wrote from Bewdley to Sir Wm. Cecil: — " Sometime since you granted me the wardship of Charles Walcot, son and heir of John Walcot, of Walcot, co. Salop, which I promised to a man of mine. He denied that he was the Queen's or any other person's ward. After much search by myself, friends, & servants, however, I found amongst the Bp of Hereford's records the evidence upon which the jury declared him to be a ward, which I send herewith by my servant Ralph Knight, & which I suppose is recorded in the Court of Wards. I beseech ^'ou that such order may now be taken for the possessing & enjoying of him in my name as in like cases is accustomed, and also for some consideration of my great charges in finding him, & of his small living, as the greatest part thereof remains in his mother's hands during her life." — State Papers, add. vol. xi. On July I, 1586, Henry Townsend wrote to Lord Burghley that ".the Council of Wales were agreeable to remove their sittings from Worcester to Bewdley, where all things had been made ready for their reception." — S.P., vol. cxci. On March 23, 1587, the Earl of Pembroke wrote to Walsyngham from Ticknell that he had sent up James Powell the seminary priest. On the 2Sth he wrote to the Lord Treasurer Burghley desiring Her Majesty's resolution for the augmentation of the Clerks in the Council of the Marches to the number of 40. He also requested the establishment of the Remembrancer's office, & asked for the reversion of the Examiner's office for Mr. Massinger, Mr. Sherar being then sickly. — S.P., vol. cxcix. In the State Papers, vol. ccxxxii., is a letter from the Queen, dated June 21, to the Earl of Pembroke, announcing that she had directed Rd Shuttleworth, Esq., Justice of Chester, to return to Bewdley to hold the sessions for Wales in consequence of his lordship's indisposition. " Apud Beaudley, x die Julii, 32 Eliz. Appointment of Piers Madoxe, in the room of Roger GxnSa'ls Barber as Pursuivant to Lord President & Council."* " Apitd Beaudley, 16 Aug., 40 Eliz. Arthur Messenger, gent., was appointed Clerk Examiner in room of Thomas Sherer, gent. (Signed) Pembroke, Rich. Shuttleworth, H. Townshende, Rich. Broughton."* On April 26, 1606, a grant was made to Sir Robt. Stewart (first High Steward of Bewdley) of the office of Keeper of Bewdley Park and of Ticknell House for life. {S.P., vol. xx.) He retained this concession only till Sept. 20 of the same year, when, for having assigned over the keeping to certain townsmen & thereby caused inconvenience, his patent was revoked. — S.P., vol. xxxviii. ■* From a large folio MS. book formerly belonging to the Lords Pres. — in 1832 in possession ofT.F.Dovaston, Esq., of West Felton, Salop. (Prattinton.) 38 A HIST ORY OF BEWDLEY. " 1608. Aug. 6. Ludlow Castle. Ralph Lord Eure to the King. Refusal of Ralph Clare keeper of the deer in Tickenhill Park to allow him and the Council of Wales free occupancy of the Lodge for administration of justice in Worcestershire. Requests instructions thereon, & on the patent for the herbage of the park, which is injurious to the deer."— S. P., vol. xxxv. " i6og. July 9. Ralph Lord Eure to Salisbury. Concerning decays of the house & park of Tickenhill; necessity of coppicing the woods." — S.P., vol. xlvii " 1609. Oct. 23. Ticknell. Lord Eure to do. Is prevented by a pesti- lential fever from residing at Hereford this winter. Numerous recusants in Monmouthshire. Ministers so scarce that Bp. of Llandaff is obliged to allow laymen to officiate. Project for the support of 6 Ministers to be paid from recusants' fines." — S.P., vol. xlviii. " 1609. Nov. 13. Ticknell. Do. to do. Increase of recusants in diocese of Hereford. Laxity of Justice Williams, who allows them to take the oath of allegiance in modified form. Irregular election of Sir Sam. Sandys as burgess of W'orcestershire in place of Sir Wm. Ligon deceased : Sandys being a strong opposer of the jurisdiction of the Council of Wales." — S.P., vol. xlix. In October, 1615, King James I. was in Bewdley, probably- staying at Ticknell. While there he was informed that Sir Thomas Overbury had been poisoned ; and though the infor- mation pointed at his favourite the Earl of Somerset he ordered a strict inquiry. {S.P., vol. Ixxxvi.) 1616, June 19. The King to the Keepers of Bewdley Park. " You are to obey the accompanying instructions, on peril of our indignation and a penalty of /500." [Parchment : Latin.] " Instructions for the preservation of the King's woods drawn up 17 Feb., 1616, and enrolled in the Exchequer. No wood to be taken except for fencing the coppices. The keepers to be limited as to where they take their browse wood, and none to be more than an inch bore, nor heavier than a deer may turn up with his horns. A restraint against the erection of cottages, and the cottagers to enter bonds not to spoil the woods. The keepers to give in their claims into the Exchequer within a year. Swanmote Courts to be revived. Also the farmers of coppices no more to be allowed to shred trees." — S.P., vol. xl. The necessity of some restraint upon the ravages in the woods is shown by the following : — " 30 Aug. 1623. Complaint of Middlesex to the Pres. & Councill of the waste and spoyle daily committed by the Inhabitants of Bewdley in his Majesty's woods near that town, & particularly one Thomas Smith his wife & daughter being of late taken in the Lords Yarde cutting and carrying away black Poles, & being opposed by one William Fidoe who had charge to loke to that wood, instead of decisting, they beat him very sore and carried away TICKNELL &- THE MARCHES' COURT. 39 the poles in despight of him, and said they would never cease cutting whilst there was any. — That many of the Magistrates of the town, that should help to right the King against these apparent Wrongs, do trade much in Laths and Clapboards* & such commodities wrought out of these black poles & stolen Wood, & continue the Malefactors in their wrong doing, — urging the President & Councell to take some present course that this insufferable insolence, if proved true according to the information, might be severely punished," &c. The fees paid to the officers of the Court were as follows : — President ;^I040, each Counsellor £^0, Secretary £17, 6s. 8d., King's Attorney £1^ 6s. 8d., Keeper of the House and Park of Bewdley £2, os. 8d., Keeper of the Forest of Wyre £5. Ticknell had been repaired and Bewdley supplied with water by Sir Henry Sidney. In a letter dated Nov. 12, 1576, he says, " I cawsed to be layd out for the making of the conduits of water for Beawdley & Ludlowe & the repair of those two houses, above a thousand pounds." During the Civil Wars a Royalist garrison was stationed at Bewdley, and strong gates and barriers were set up or strength- ened there. f The town was thoroughly loyal, and the inhabi- tants voluntarily contributed arms and ammunition for the royal cause. A list of those who furnished arms is written on a fly leaf of the accounts. In Sept., 1642, some forces were sent to Bewdley and Kidder- minster to join Lord Wharton's and Sir H. Chomley's regiments. Shortly after this Lord Brookes' regiment was stationed in the town. Sir Thomas Lyttelton (ancestor of the present Lord Lyttelton) was Governor of the town for the King in 1644, and had his head-quarters at Ticknell. He was, however, surprised by Colonel Fox, commonly called Fox the Tinker, who was Governor of Edgbaston Hall. The tale is told best in Vicars's God's Ark (1646, p. 217) : — " 1644. About the 3rd. of this instant May 1644 the active & resolute commander colonell Fox went forth from Tamworth accompanyed with not above 64 men, and that night came to Budeley a very considerable garrison town of the enemies. At his coming to the first court of the guard in the • Boards cut ready for the making of casks. t The gates were Bridge-gate, Tinker's-gate, Welch-gate, and Doglane- gate. The two latter were pulled down about 60 years ago. 40 A HISTORY OF BEWDLEY. town, he boldly commanded them, it being in the night, to make way for some of the prince's regiment who desired to quarter in the towne that night, which was immediately granted unto him, both by that and the second guard at the chaines : and so being thus come to the entrance into the towne, his men slew 5 or 6 of the sentinells, & thereby possessed themselves of the towne, & set a guard at divers doors where the commanders, officers, & men of quality lay, all which he tooke with most of their common souldiers, there being about 120 in all. From thence he went to a great Mannour-house not farre from the towne, where he surprised Sir Thos. Littleton a parliament man, and some other gentlemen, took thence 4 brave Flanders mares, and great store of provisions, all which with 40 most gallant horse of the king's cormorants, and as many prisoners, together with Sir Thomas'* hee brought into Coventry the very next morning : about which time all the neighbouring cormorants and garrison-souldiers thereabout were raised up in armes with an intent to have rescued their friends thus taken captive & carried away from them, but blessed be God, they came a day after the fair." On June nth in the same year Charles I. came to Bewdley from Worcester, and took up his quarters at Ticknell for three nights. His army was with him, and had been pursued from Oxford by Sir WiUiam Waller, who was then hastening to Shrewsbury to cut him off. The King called a Council of War at Bewdley June 13th, and as the result of their debate they by swift marches reached Oxford again June 20, and defeated Waller at Copredy Bridge. While at Ticknell the King sent orders to Prince Rupert to relieve York, and this led to the disastrous battle of Marston Moor. He also sent a party of 3000 horse from Bewdley to relieve Dudley Castle, then besieged by the Earl of Denbigh. In 1645, June 14th, Charles sustained the crushing defeat at Naseby, after which he hastened westwards, and spent the 17th and 1 8th in Bewdley. Ticknell had suffered so much in the wars that it was not now fit for his reception,! and he slept at the Angel Inn in Load Street. He left a garrison in the town when he went on next day to Hereford ; but in August the Scotch cavalry fell upon it, and took 70 horse and divers officers. The Ribbesford registers record the burial of several "souldiers" about this time. Hartlebury Castle was now being strongly fortified for the King, and Colonel Sandys • Sir Thomas Lyttelton was afterwards confined in the Tower of London, t Dr. Prattinton says that some of the doors of Ticknell, pierced with bullets, were afterwards used as gates for Winterdyne garden. V? 'a \ « 1 •8 I TICKNELL &. THE MARCHES' COURT. 41 impressed the neighbourhood to help in the work. The Bridge- wardens' accounts show how the Bewdley magistrates enhsted the sympathies of Mr. Turton by a drink of wine, and then " got off our men from going to worke at the Castle." After the execution of Charles I. the furniture from all the King's Palaces was taken to London and sold. The survey describes " Ticknell Howse with a green court, yard, garden, & offices, & containing by estimation 2 acres, very much out of repair, & valued for the materials at ^797 45. od." During the Commonwealth the house was left to decay, but some old customs connected with the site were still retained. When Oliver Cromwell died, his son succeeded as quietly as any of the Royal line had done. Bewdley Park was swept, and five halberdiers and a trumpeter gave dignity to the proclamation of the Lord Richard Protector. The stern old Puritans also did not disdain afterwards to drink his Highness's health in wine and beer to the value of ^3 165. od. The loyalty of Bewdley, how- ever, was amply vindicated, for at the proclamation of the King a few months later twice this quantity was consumed ; and four quarts of sack were given to four ministers that preached. A little idea of the drinking customs of the Puritan magistrates of this time may also be gleaned from an entry in the accounts for 1659, showing that 45. ^d. was spent in " Beare Wine & fagotts when that bardgmen weare examined that travelled on the Lord's Day." After the Restoration Bewdley does not appear to have been any longer a seat of the Court of the Marches, and in 1689 (i Wm. and Mary) the Court itself was abolished. When Dr. Stukeley visited Bewdley in 171 2 part of old Ticknell House was still standing, and we are indebted to him for the original of the sketch here reproduced from the late Mr. Severn Walker's Antiquities. Mr. Hayley remembered this portion of the house standing : it formed part of the east side on the brow of the hill, looking towards the town. It consisted of the gate-house, with a dwelling on the south side of it, wherein lived Mr. Edw. Best, and another on the north side which was inhabited by Mr. T. Meysey. Mr. Ingram's house was at right angles to this and on the north side, making the letter L. The first room you 5 42 A HISTORY OF BEWDLEY. come into, or the hall, was said to have been the chapel. In 1624 Charles Compton, grandson of the Earl of Northampton, was baptized in this chapel, and marriages were solemnized there as recently as 1701. About 1738 most of the old house was pulled down and re- built by Mr. Ingram, who had married Anne Winnington, daughter of Sir Francis Winnington. Some of the inner walls now standing are probably part of the original palace, and about 1880 a lady's shoe of the Tudor period was found in repairing the wainscot. In 1873 Ticknell House, with the adjoining grounds, was purchased of the Crown by Mr. Joseph Tangye, of Birmingham. THE CORPORATION. 43 (Ibc Corporation. HE borough of Bewdley was first incorporated in the 1 2th year of King Edward IV. The original Latin charter is still kept here in an ancient box ornamented with roses. Translated, the charter runs thus : — " EDWARD by the grace of God King of England and France and Lord of Ireland to all to whom these presents shall come greeting. Know ye that at the humble supplication of our dear lieges the Burgesses and Inhabitants of our town of Bewdley, and on account of certain considerations specially moving us, of our special favour, and certain knowledge, and mere motion, we have conceded, and by these presents do concede, for us and our heirs, as much as in us lies, that our town aforesaid with its precincts may be a free Borough for ever .... And that the Burgesses of the said town and their successors should be incorporated by the name of the Bur- gesses of the Town of Beaudeley and the precincts thereof. And that they should have perpetual succession and a common seal .... And that the said Burgesses and their successors should be persons fit and capable in law, And that they and their successors should be able to purchase lands and tenements, rents, services, and reversions .... to be held by the said Burgesses and their successors for ever. And of our further grace we have conceded to the said Burgesses and their successors, that each of the afore- said Burgesses for the time being should be quit through and within the whole of our kingdom of England and our dominion, of toll, bridge-taxes, ferry-payments, tenure between parceners, harbour tolls, tolls for weighing wool, duties paid by ships on anchoring, payments for stalls, service with carts, tolls for weighing goods, payments for feeding swine in a forest, land taxes, payments to the owner of the soil for breaking ground to erect booths, tolls paid for a road through a forest, tolls for repairing town-walls, contri- butions for making ditches, tolls paid by travellers, tolls paid for unlading goods at a wharf, and of all other customs of and for all their goods and 4i^ A HISTORY OF BEWDLEY. merchandize in all places within our kingdom and dominion aforesaid, as well by land as by sea and fresh water for ever .... In testimony whereof we have caused these our letters patent to be made. " Witnessed by me at Westminster on the 20th day of October in the 12th year of our reign" (1472). Additional privileges were granted to the borough in the 22d Henry VII., and confirmed by Henry VIII. in 1509 (Feb. 20th) and again in 1525 (Nov. 5th). The latter charter is still in the Corporation chest. The borough was incorporated anew by King James I, in the third year of his reign (12th Sept., 1606). A translation of this charter is given in Nash's History of Worcestershire, where it fills no less than nine double-column folio pages. Except in so far as it has been modified by the Municipal Reform Act, this is still the governing charter of the borough. The right of returning a Member to serve in Parliament was first conferred by this charter ; and the ruling body was to consist of a Bailiff and 12 Capital Burgesses. The Corporation Records contain many evidences of the political struggles of the Stuart times. One of the most unscrupulous devices of the Court party towards the end of the reign of Charles II. was to annul the charters of the country and to grant new ones. " 1684. Agreed that the charter of James I. be surrendered to King Charles II. and that the Bayliffe do attend our Recorder Sir Thos. Walcot and deliver to him our charter and instrument of resignation, who is desired humbly to present the same to his Matie " Peter Branch, Bayliffe. " John Bury, Justice." The baits held out as an inducement to this surrender were (i) that by the new charter all boats going under the bridge should pay toll to the Corporation ; and (2) that they should have power to make themselves into companies, and to keep all strange traders from coming into the town. In case of refusal they were threatened with a quo warranto. Before a new charter could be issued Charles II. died, and James II. granted one dated May 4th, 1685.* That charter was held to be good, and * The original is now in the possession of John Bury, Esq., of Kateshill. THE CORPORATION. 45 municipal affairs had been entirely regulated by it for twenty years, when it was discovered by some clever lawyer that it was null and void from the beginning ; for when the Corporation of Bewdley gave up the charter of James I. they were guilty of an informality. The surrender was made by the *' Bailiff, Recovdey, and Burgesses" instead of the "Bailiff" and Burgesses." This being the case, the old charter of James I. was still in force. But then it was found that only one old burgess, Samuel Slade, was alive ; and he alone could do no legal act whatso- ever by virtue of it, since by that charter the major part of the Corporation was made necessary to such legal act. Queen Anne consequently in 1708 granted a new charter, restoring and confirming the charter of James I., and nominating persons to fill its offices. The Herbert and Winnington families were then contending keenly for supremacy in the borough, and many lawsuits resulted. For two years, in consequence of the two charters, Bewdley had two Corporations and two Bailiffs, who fulminated against each other like rival Popes. " 12 May 1708 Whereas Sam. Slade Tanner hath for ten dayes last past presumed to take upon him the office of Bayliffe of this Borough, &c and whereas, &c wc declare the proceedings of the said Sam. Slade null & void." Salwey Winnington was elected Member of Parliament under one charter, and Blade's party elected Henry Herbert of Ribbes- ford. On the case being brought before the House of Commons, it was decided by 211 to 132 that Slade was the rightful bailiff, and so Herbert was returned. Before the next election, two years later, an immense change had come over the feeling of the country, and a Tory majority was in Parliament. One of the first uses made by it was to carry a motion " That the Charter dated April 20th, 1708, attempted to be imposed on the Borough of Bewdley, against the consent of the ancient Corporation, is void, illegal, and destructive to the constitution of Parliament." Steps were taken to repeal the charter, and it only escaped annulling by the death of Queen Anne in 1714 ; and that day was observed by members of the Corporation for many years as a day of rejoicing for its preservation. This charter has not since been disputed, and the original is still in the possession of the Corporation. 46 A HISTORY OF BEWDLEY. There are very clear indications in the Corporation books of the means employed by Charles II. and James II. to pack Parliament in the attempt to overthrow the Church of England and the liberties of the country. In the new charters the power had been reserved to the Crown of dismissing magistrates at pleasure ; and a committee of seven persons, including the infamous Judge Jeffreys, sat at Whitehall to regulate municipal elections. Local committees all over the country corresponded with this central board; and as Parlia- mentary elections were then exclusively in the hands of the Corporations, the influence exerted would be immense. Here is a specimen of their work : — " Sept. 12, 1688. 4 James II. In obedience to an order of his Maj'y's Privy Council Tho; Watmore, Tho; Burlton & Sam. Sandys Esq. 3 Burg. & Henry Townshend Esqre Chief Recorder were all of them voted & removed out of their sd several places And in obedience to his Majty's Lrs of Recom- mendation to us directed John Bury Humfry Yarranton & Higgins James Esqre were elected & chosen Burg, instead of Watmore, &c., and John Soley Esq. elected Recorder in stead of Townshend," The King's tyranny soon bore its natural fruits, and when the expedition of William of Orange was on its way for the defence of the English liberties and religion, James hastily issued a proclamation promising to restore the ancient charters. On the 27th of October, 1688, it was agreed at Bewdley "that his Majesty's most gracious offer be thankfully accepted." But James's offer was too late. Within a week William landed in Torbay, and found the whole country on his side. On Jan. 6th following, the Prince of Orange's letter to the Bayliff of Bewdley summoning a free Parliament was delivered, and a verbatim copy of it is entered in the Corporation Books. On the nth Henry Herbert was elected to the "Convention" Parliament, which placed William III. on the English throne. In 1668 the Corporation started a small mint of their own, and issued the " Warden's half-peny of Bewdley" to the value of £'^0. It is an octagonal piece of brass stamped with the borough arms. The Bridgewardens were required to exchange these tokens, when called upon, for current silver. THE CORPORATION. 47 A list of the Members for Bewdley is given in the Appendix. Before the Reform Act of 1832, which enlarged the constituency and added Stourport to the parliamentary borough, the Cor- poration was almost always under the influence of some noble- man or gentleman owning property in the neighbourhood. Such were the Clares, Herberts, Foleys, Lytteltons, and Winningtons. The Corporation, however, were not guided solely by their agreement with the political views of their Members. For a long period considerable sums of money were paid as the price of the seat — usually ;^2ooo to ^3000 after each election. In 1819, when W. Aylesbury Roberts, Esq., who lived in the town and spent a large fortune there, was returned, this practice was discontinued. This old custom provided for many useful im- provements being made in the town ; and the Corporation still possess ;^30oo derived from this source. There have been many keenly contested elections in Bewdley, and much consequent litigation. One memorable instance was in 1768, when the candidates were the Hon. Thomas Lyttelton (afterwards the "wicked" Lord Lyttelton) and Sir E. Win- nington. A quarrel had arisen between Adam and James Prattinton and Sir E. Winnington about some meadows ; so the Prattintons went over to the enemy and elected 10 new Burgesses to turn the scale. Some Act, requiring Burgesses to be elected at least 12 months before they could vote for a Member, gave the victory then to Sir Edward ; but in five succeeding Parliaments the Lyttelton interest prevailed. The Municipal Reform Act of 1835 changed the title of the chief magistrate from Bailiff to Mayor. Slade Baker, Esq., of Sandbourne, was the last Bailiff and the first Mayor of Bewdley, and he is the only survivor of the old close Corporation. Lists of Bailiffs, Mayors, High Stewards, Recorders, and Deputy Recorders of Bewdley are given in the Appendix. ?vt/<; ^t^ 48 A HISTORY OF BEWDLEY. IRonconformiet Cbapels an^ riDcctina Iboueee. HE oldest Dissenting community in Bewdley is that of the Baptists, and its origin is said to be unique. In 1646 John Tombes, B.D., a man of great abihty and a native of Bewdley, was appointed Curate of St. Anne's. He entertained very strong objections to infant baptism, and so, while still retaining his office in the Church, he founded a separate Bap- tist society, which numbered 20 persons. George Fox tells us that " Tombes said he had a wife, and he had a concubine ; and his wife was the baptized people (Baptists) and his concu- bine was the world (Churchmen, Presbyterians, Quakers, and all other non-Baptist parishioners)." In his Apology for the Two Treatises on Infant Baptism, 1646, 4to, page 66, printed while he was at Bewdley, Tombes says that he " must needs say the Churches that have no other than Infant Baptism are no true Churches nor their Members Church Members." He disputed with Richard Baxter at Bewdley, Jan. i, 1649, and afterwards held three other public disputes at Ross, Abergavenny, and Hereford. In 1650 he removed to Leominster, when he was succeeded at St. Anne's by Edward Bury, and in his Baptist ministry by John Eccles. Mr. Eccles commenced preaching at Bromsgrove also ; and formed the Baptist church there which still exists.* Bewdley and Bromsgrove continued united down to 1670. The following is an incomplete list of the various • The Cannon Street chapel in Birmingham was in turn an off-shoot from Bromsgrove (1737). NONCONFORMIST CHAPELS. 49 ministers of Bewdley Baptist Chapel since the days of Mr. Tombes : — John Eccles, — Clark, — Thompson (who declined into Socinianism and was deprived 1718), James Kettilby (1718- 1767), John Blackshaw (1774-1779), John Pyne (1781-1788), — Baylis, George Williams (1793-1799), George Brookes (1802- 1844) and Thomas Griffin (1802-1808) co-pastors*, W. E. White (1843-1846), G. Cozens (1846-1854), J.Bailey (1855-1857), George James (1857). The chapel was erected in 1764. It is a curious coincidence that the Presbyterian following in Bewdley, which in age ranks next to the Baptists, should also have been founded by a minister of St. Anne's in the time of the Commonwealth. Henry Oasland was appointed within a few months of the departure of John Tombes, and held office until the Act of Uniformity was passed in 1662, when for con- scientious scruples which we cannot but respect he seceded from the Church. From the Corporation books we find that several of the burgesses of Bewdley refused to declare against the " Solemn League and Covenant" in the time of Charles II.; and these no doubt were of those who adhered to their old teacher and welcomed his son Edward as their pastor. The Presbyterian chapel here is said to have been built about 1680, and for many years it had a large and influential congregation. In common, with nearly all the Presbyterian meeting-houses — 400 in number — founded about that time, it has since lapsed into Unitarianism, and has now very few adherents in the town. Jabez Reynolds by will dated 27th Feb., 1710, left 105. each yearly to the Rector of Ribbesford and the Preacher at the Meeting-house to buy Bibles or religious books for poor chil- dren. For his trouble each minister was to have a bottle of Sack. James Clark by will dated 24th May, 1765, left ;^5oo to be put out to interest — one-fifth to be paid to the minister of the Presbyterian meeting-house, and four-fifths among poor people residing in Bewdley. In addition he ordered that the rest of his personal estate after payment of debts, &c., should be given to the poor of Bewdley. The total Consols now is about £"1300, and the charity is administered by special trustees. * In 1808 Mr. Griffin went to Kidderminster, and Mr. Brookes remained sole pastor till his death in 1844. He left /'2000 as an endowment for the Bewdley minister, and also 700 volumes for his library. 6 50 A HISTORY OF BEWDLEY. In the chapel is a marble monument with Latin inscription, thus translated by Dr. Prattinton (probably the donor) : — " To PERPETUATE THE REMEMBRANCE OF SaMUEL KeNRICK THIS TABLET WAS ERECTED BY P. P. LITERATURE WAS HIS DELIGHT, OF MANNERS GENTLE, OF THE Supreme Being a devout worshipper, In integrity of life a BRIGHT EXAMPLE. He DIED OCT. 6, iSlI, AGED 83." The site on which the Friends' meeting-house now stands was purchased for the Society in 1691, and the building was probably erected soon afterwards. The Registers are at Somerset House (No. 666). Births 1683 to 1767; marriages 1679 to 1758; burials 1682 to 1838. In the small burial ground attached to this quiet little chapel, Mary Darby wife of the first Abraham Darby was buried in 1718. There are also stones to the memory of the Cotterell, Zachary, and Sturge families. 'O^ In March, 1779, the Rev. John Wesley preached at Bewdley, in an open space in Load Street, to a very numerous and quiet congregation. He was at Bewdley again in 1781, and preached as before in the open air. At the commencement of the service a man began beating a drum, but was soon silenced by a gentleman of the town. Five years afterwards Wesley visited Bewdley once more, and then recorded in his'journal, "Pre- judice is now vanished away. The life of Mr. Clark turned the tide, and much more his glorious death." From Bewdley he went on to Stourport, " a small well-built village," where he speaks of Mr. Heath, " a middle-aged clergyman and his wife and two daughters, whose tempers and manners, so winning soft, so amiably mild, will do him honour wherever they come." In 1790 he was again at Stourport, " which was twice as large as two 5'ears ago. They seemed to be serious and attentive while I was speaking, but the moment I ceased, fourscore or a hundred of them began talking all at once. I do not remember ever to have been present at such a scene before. This must be amended, otherwise (if I should live) I will see Stourport no more." He died March, 1791, aged 88. The Wesleyan chapel in Bewdley was opened for divine service in 1795 by Dr. Cooke, a clergyman of the Church of England. The head-quarters of the circuit are at Stourport, GRAMMAR SCHOOL, CHARITIES, (^c. 51 Zbc Grammar Scbool, CbariticB, S.c HE earliest school in Bewdley seems to have been taught by the curate in some room adjoining the chapel. In 1577 the sum of 25. 8d. was spent by the Wardens " to put the scholemaster's cham- bers in order." William Monnox, of Bewdle}^ tanner, by will dated 17th Feb., 1591, left £6 per annum for a Grammar School, payable out of the Pentrenant estate in ]\Iontgomer3-shire. Gregory, John, and Thomas Ballard by deed in 1599 gave the land whereon the old Gram- mar School was built. Humphrey Hill, of Silvington, also in 1599, left several houses and other property for the same pur- pose ; and the present school and school-house are built on part of it. King James I. in his charter of 1606 re-founded the school " for the better education of j^oung children and youths, in good arts, learning, virtue and instruction, always to be brought up and informed, which shall be called the ' Free Grammar School of King James in Bewdley,' wherein shall be one master and one usher." Other benefactors were Thomas Weaver, 1609 ; John Mill- ward, 1610 ; Richard Clare, 1618 ; Mr. Barber, 1619 ; John Clare, 1621 ; Hugh Pooler, 1621 ; William Keye, 1625 ; John Tyler, 1626 ; Joan Tyler, John Wakeman, 1640 ; John Lowe, 1643 ; Richard Vickaris, 1661 ; Thomas Cooke, 1693 ; and John Carruthers Crane. The Rev. Thomas Wigan (1819) gave to the Rector of Ribbesford and the Master of the Grammar School his library of about 1500 volumes in trust for the clergy and "other respectable inhabitants of the town and neighbourhood. 52 A HISTORY OF BEWDLEY. Several of the gifts have since been lost. About 1750 the Corporation, who were then the Governors, let most of the school property on lease for 500 years at low rentals. In 1835 the Court of Chancery intervened and annulled the long leases ; but kept the school closed for 30 years. Mainly by the exertions of Mr, R. H. Whitcombe, a fresh scheme was obtained, and the new school-room in High Street was built in 1865. In 1882 a further scheme for the management of the foundation was drawn up by the Endowed School Commis- sioners, under which the government is vested in the High Steward, the Mayor, five Representative Governors, and five Co-optative Governors. Many men who have attained eminence in Church and State have been educated at this school. Among these were Richard Willis, Bishop of Winchester ; Edward Feild, Bishop of Newfoundland ; John Medley, Bishop of Fredericton ; John Tombes, Master of the Temple and one of the " Triers ;" Canon Hugh Stowell ; Rev. John Venn, of Hereford ; Dr. John Beddoe, F.R.S., President of the Anthropological Society ; Rev. J. G. Breay, of Birmingham, &c. List of Head Masters of the Grammar School, M^noah Sharrard ... 1625- -1634 John Graile • •- 1635 > • > • ■ r George Lowe 1663 James Spilsbury ... 1664 Nathaniel Williams 1701 John Cupper ... 1701- -1720 Butler Cowper ... 1720- -1732 Thomas Howard ... 1732- -1778 William Morgan ... 1778- -1805 John Cawood ... 1805- -1835 William Grist ... 1866- -187I John Richard Burton ... 1872 GRAMMAR SCHOOL, CHARITIES, S-c. 53 The Bewdley Charity Schools were founded in 1785, and the National Schools in 1830. A Home Mission, conducted by Miss Pountney, led to the erection in i86g of the school and mission-room on the Wyre Hill. The Bewdley Institute was opened in 1877. Mr, Edward Pease bought the old " Wheat Sheaf" Inn and other property, which he generously gave as the site, besides subscribing £^00 to the building fund. ;^iooo was also raised by voluntary con- tributions in the town and neighbourhood. Lord Lyttelton was elected its first president, and Mr. John Gabb the first chairman. With this Institute are amalgamated the old •* Literary Society" and the " Working Men's Institution." The space at our disposal does not allow of a detailed account of the many charities of Bewdley, but it is fitting that we should record the names and mention the gifts of the Benefactors. Sir John Hibbots (1595). — Two mills for the poor. John Millward (1610). — Rent-charge for poor. Sir William Seabright (1620). — Loaves for poor. Samuel Sayers (1625). — Six Almshouses in the Lower Park. Humphrey Burlton (1645). — Nine Almshouses in Park Lane Francis Gilding (about 1650). — Land for the poor. Richard Vicaris (1661). — School, Chapel, and poor women. Sir Henry Herbert (1673). — Bread for poor. Thomas Cooke (1693), — Eight Almshouses in High Street. John Hammonds (1714). — ^150 to poor. Ralph Smith (1732). — ^50 to Charity School. William Crump (1754). — /200 for poor widows. 54 A HISTORY OF BEWDLEY. James Clark (1765).— ;^5oo to Presbyterian minister and poor. John Hurst (1808).— ;^io for bread. Wilson Aylesbury Roberts (1813). — ^^200 for ten poor widows. Caroline Aylesbury Roberts (1827).— ;^2i6 135. ^d. for ten poor women. Ellen Vobe (1840). — ;^50o for twelve old maids. Ellen Vobe (1840). — £"100 to Sayers' almsmen. Mary Watkins (1842). — ;^ioo to Sayers' almsmen. Mary Watkins (1842). — ^250 for Burlton's almspeople. Rev. Joseph Crane (i860). — ;i a: ^' RIBBESFORD. 65 In 1236 Henry de Ripeford, in the county of Worcester, paid xxs. for three parts of a fief, held of Ralph de Mortimer, as an aid at the marriage of Isabella, sister of Henry III., to the Emperor of Germany.* Simon de Ribefort was one of four knights appointed in 42 Henry III. to inquire into grievances, &c., in the county of Worcester.! This was done in conformity with the " Provisions of Oxford" enacted under the influePxCe of the famous Simon de Montfort, and was the commencement of County Members. From the Blakeway MS. we learn that this " Simon de Rybbe- ford by deed conceded to his Lord Roger de Mortimer all the right which he had to hunt in his wood of Rybbeford which is called La Hoke ; nor would he pursue any sort of wild beasts in the forest of Wyre without special leave from the aforesaid Lord Roger or his heirs, under forfeiture of all he held under the same Lord Roger, or that his heirs should hold, for ever. Saving to himself during his life, that if he should be hunting in any of his parks and woods besides La Hoke, and his dogs should run any beast from his parks or woods into the forest of Wyre, and follow it, contrary to his wishes — the transgression, if it can be so called, should be settled by the arbitration of friends. *' Witnesses. " W^illiam de Beauchamp " Thomas, Rector of the Church of Rybbeford " Nicholas, Rector ( ? ranger) of the forest " Jacob his brother " William son of Guarini " William Corbett " William Le Poer." This transaction took place sometime between 1247 and 1269 ; and the desire to secure additional hunting-grounds in the neighbourhood confirms the opinion that about this time the Mortimers built an occasional residence for the family at Ticknell. King Edward I. in 1306, for augmenting the glory of his intended expedition into Scotland, did at W^hitsuntide begirt Edward Earl of Carnarvon his eldest son, with the military belt ; and thereupon the young prince immediately at the high * Testa de Nevill, p. 40. t App. to Bindy's Hist. Eng. 224 Pat., 42 Hen. III. 8 66 A HISTORY OF BEWDLEY. altar in Westminster Abbey conferred the honour of knighthood on 300 more, sons of Earls, Barons, and Knights, who attended the King to Scotland. Amongst those so distinguished was Henry de Rypsford. 'His arms Avere ermine, a chief gules fretty or. In 1310, 1318, and 1328 Sir Henry presented to the Rectory of Ribbesford. In the Calendariiim Rotulorum Chartarum, 2 Edw. III. (1329), page 160, his possessions are enumerated as follows: — " Rookes (Rock) maner' mercat' feria ; Snede ; La Clouse ; Ribbeford ; Houke ; Waskerige ; Linden Coudray ; all having free warren." A deed in the possession of S. Z. Lloyd, Esq., of Areley Hall — undated, but probably about the time of Edward II. — sets forth that Godith, widow of Osbert de Wet- acre, had conveyed to Simon de Ribbesford certain land, with the precincts thereof, situated in Hultonestrete (Hylton Street), in Worcester. In 1349 Robert de Ribbesford presented to the rectory of the church. In 1364 Constance, wife of Walter de Ribbesford, had the manor of Ribbesford assigned for her dower.* The possessions of Walter in 1371 are set down as Ribbesford manor ; La Rooks — two small pieces of land (diie pecie terr ) ; and Wige- more (secf ciiv )A The Ribbesfords remained here certainly till 2 Henry VI. ; but the presentation to the living, and probably the ownership of the manor, had before that time passed into the hands of the Beauchamps. In 1387 Thomas de Beauchamp, Earl of War- wick, appears as patron of the church. In 21 Rd. II (1398), Sir John de Montacute, Earl of Salis- bury, obtained from the King a grant to himself of the manors of Shrawley Roke and Ribbesford in Com. Wig., with the advowsons of the churches of the said manors, then seized into the King's hands by the attainder of Thos. Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick.! On the deposition of Richard II. these lands were probably restored to the Beauchamps, for Margaret, widow of Earl Thomas, held it at her death in 1407. § In 1446 Henry Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, owned both manor * Inquis. post Mortem, vol. iv., p. 271. t Inquis. post Mortem, vol. iv,, p. 305. J Collins' Peerage, vol. ii., p. 68. § Inquis. post Mortem, vol. iii., p. 312. RIBBESFORD. 67 \ and ad vow son.'''' His onl}- cliild i\.nne died three years after her father, and the ownership then went to Anne Countess of Warwick, wife of Richard Nevil, the famous Kingmaker. The next heir was Margaret, wife of John Talbot, Earl of Shrews- bury, the " Terror of France." From her it descended to the \'iscounts Lisle. In the time of Henry VH. it came to Eliza- beth, wife of Edmund Dudley, memorable in history as a '^ partner in the firm of " Empson and Dudle3^" Her son, the /• last owner of Ribbesford by descent from the Beauchamps, was the famous John Dudley, father-in-law of the Lady Jane Grey, created Duke of Northumberland b}^ Edward VL After the execution of Northumberland his estates were forfeited, and Ribbesford was granted to^ Sir Robert^ Acton^jvL^ whose son sold it to_the Churchills. It soon passed by purchase to Sir Robert Cooke, then to Sir Henry Mildmay, and afterwards to Sir Henry Herbert, in whose family it remained for exactly 160 years. Sir Henry Herbert, Kt., IMaster of the Revels, made the purchase in 1627 ; and among the persons named in the deed of conveyance was his brother George Herbert, the saintly poet of the English Church. Sir Henry Herbert's name appears often in the Appendix, and he was a generous bene- factor to Ribbesford. In 1640 he was elected to the " Long Parliament" as Member for Bewdley ; but on Aug. 20, 1642, the House of Commons resolved that he should be disabled from sitting on account of his having put into execution the King's Commission of Array. At the Restoration he was again returned for Bewdley, and held the seat until his death in 1673. His son Henry was returned for Bewdley in 1676 ; and in 1694 he was created Baron Herbert of Cherbury, in consequence of the failure of male issue in the elder branch of the family. His son Henry succeeded as Lord Herbert of Cherbury in 1708, and was Recorder of Bewdley. In 1738, however, he com- mitted suicide by hanging in one of the turrets of Ribbesford House.! Having no issue, the title became extinct, and the manor passed to his cousin, Henry Morley, a descendant of Sir Henry Herbert. In 1782 the estate was inherited by George * Inquis. post Morton, vol. iv., p. 230. t It is said that his valet came into the room while Lord Herbert was still living, but not daring to thwart so great a man, he ran off to Bewdley to ask the Bailiff what was to be done ! 68 A HISTORY OF BEWDLEY. Paulet, afterwards Marquis of Winchester, who in 1787 sold the same to Francis Ingram, of Ticknell. Mr, Ingram died Oct. 21, 1797, and by will gave the estate to Sir E. Winnington, Bart,, of Stanford Court, for his life ; and after his decease to Edward Winnington, the second son of the said Sir E. Win- nington, and his first and other sons in succession, he and they taking and using the name and arms of Ingram, The present owner is the Rev. E. W^innington Ingram, Rector of Stanford- on-Teme. The house is of great antiquity, and doiibtless stands on the spot occupied by the de Ribbesfords in the time of Henry IL It was formerly turreted, with a moat round it, over wdiich by a drawbridge a spacious court-yard was entered. The arms of Herbert with motto " Pawb yn y arver "' are over a doorway. About 1790 two sides of the quadrangle were pulled down, and the moat filled up. In 1830 several thousand pounds were spent in repairing and improving the house. The church, dedicated to St. Leonard, is in parts very old, and is especially remarkable for its wooden arcade separating the nave from the south aisle.* The original church here was of the Norman period, and was only a small chapel occupying about two-thirds of the north aisle. Mr. Loftus Brock has traced out the growth of the church. He says, " Probably the first enlargement took place eastward, the north wall of the nave being carried on in a straight line, and so assuming its present length and position. The next enlargement was pro- bably the present nave of the church, the south aisle being evidently a still later addition. The extension of the church to include the present nave was doubtless made sometime in the first half of the 15th century, and might very possibly coincide with the time when Henry VI. put the town of Bewdley into the parish of Ribbesford," In the south aisle is a little door which leads by a winding staircase to the entrance of what was formerly the roodloft. Under the roodloft was the carved oak rood screen, of which some interesting pieces are now preserved in the pulpit. In one compartment is a fox, dressed like a monk, preaching to a * There were formerly two wooden arcades, and the church would then resemble the very interesting one at Lower Peover, near Northwich, Cheshire, which has not undergone much change since the time of Henry VI. KIBBESFORD. 6g congregation of geese. Another represents a pig playing the bagpipes, while the little pigs dance to the music. These are probably caricatures of the begging friars, between whom and the parish priests there was often much bitterness. Here the greatest puzzle to antiquaries is a rude shallow carving on the tympanum over the north door. It belongs to the earliest part of the Norman period, and is in a good state of preservation. The illustration of it is from a sketch by " Cuth- bert Bede," who was the first to clear away the thick coats of whitewash from some of the smaller carvings on this doorway. The question is, What was in the mind of the sculptor w^hen he made it ? Was it to commemorate an event in local history, or was it an emblem of the Christian faith ? There are some curious local legends connected with the figure of the Archer Knight ; but the latter is the more probable view, especially as so many unmistakably ecclesiastical carvings were made about the same 70 A HISTORY OF BE WD LEY. time in other churches.'* The Gospel was to be preached to an uneducated people " in churches indeed pre-eminently, but also by churches subordinately," and purely secular subjects are rarely if ever seen on sacred buildings of this date. On Ribbesford porch we have a rude but clear emblem of our Redemption. The human soul, personified by the deer or other animal, is fleeing from the pursuit of a huge monster — typical of the evil one — when the Saviour intervenes, and slays the enemy. In Norman times the Archer would be the most real symbol of strength. This, too, seems to be the teaching of the carving on one of the capitals. A bird is swooping down on a fish. Coming to the rescue, however, is a larger bird, which in turn swoops down upon the robber and delivers the fish. The fact of the final safety of the fish is shown by its re-appearing above. Now the fish is the well-known emblem of the Christian. Tertullian says : " For we after our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, our ixt'i^s, are also fishes, and born in the water, nor are we other- wise saved but by remaining in the water." On the font in Castle Frome church, Herefordshire, is the ecclesiastical repre- sentation of Christians under the form of little fishes, surround- ing the figure of Christ in the waters of Baptism. The church was thoroughly restored in 1878 at a cost of nearly ;^4000, and on removing the coats of plaster it was found that about 400 years ago the walls had been decorated with fresco-painting. In the time of Edward VI. this was white- washed over, and texts of Scripture were painted on the walls. These texts in their turn were whitewashed ; and then again came texts of the time of Elizabeth and James I. During the restoration two monumental stones were also brought to light which had covered the remains of those who occupied a high position in the society of former days. The Rev. Prebendary F. T. Havergal describes them thus : — " No. I is a fine coped grey sandstone, nearly perfect, about * On the Norman tympanum of Aston church, Herefordshire (see frontis- piece Diocesan Calendar, 1883), is a representation of the Lamb with a cross, the Ox and the Eagle — all well-known Christian emblems. " At Luton, Beds, on the font is a lamb guarding a vine from the attacks of a dragon. At Thorpe Arnold, Leicestershire, appears a Christian soldier, opposing a shield bearing a cross to the attacks of fiery serpents who assault him in vain, thus guarded." (Aylijfe Poole : Churches, p. 45.) Instances of this kind might be rapidly multiplied. RIBBESFORD. 71 six feet six inches long. The foHated cross is of the kind commonly adopted at the period. The date may safely be assigned to the latter part of century xiii., probably placed over the body of an incumbent of this church. The hollow chamfer down each side is an unusual feature, and the staff on the top of the stone, being grasped by two hands, is a mode of treatment I have never seen before. No. 11 is part of an incised stone coffin lid of a layman in two pieces. [It had been built into the east wall of the S. aisle.] In all respects this is a most interesting fragment : all its details plainly indicate that it is the work of the former part of century xiv. — circa 13 10 to 1320. The inscriptions were usually in rhyme. The use of three circular stops between each word is a distinct characteristic of this period." [The inscription has been mentioned on page 4.] Habingdon gives a description of monuments, &c., in this church about 1630. The Mortimer and Beauchamp arms are broken. In the N. window of the church the arms of Ribbesford : Ermine a chief gu. fretted or. In the E. window of the chancel and highest pane. Gules seven mascles or. Quincy, Earl of Winchester ; quartering Azure, a mullet argent pierced of the field. The second and third quarters of the escutcheon defaced. The fourth as the first. In the dexter pane below, Mortimer with an escutcheon arg. quartering or, a cross gu. Ulster. In the sinister, Gu. a fesse between six cross crossiets or. Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick. In the N. window of the chancel the keeper of a forest praying : Fili Dei, miserere MEi. Behind him his son ; next his wife praying, O mater Dei memento mei ; after her four daughters : the subscription, Orate pro animabus Roberti Borselepole et Margaret^e uxoRis ejus. Over them a man praying, Fili Dei, miserere mei ; and his wife in like sort praying, Mater Dei memento mei : the subscription. Orate pro animabus Petri Gansor et Margarets uxoris ejus. In the sinister pane of the south window of the chancel, Gu. in chief or, a lion passant sable ; Sir David Veryett or Howell or Dymotte (for these three carried this coat) quartering Arg. three eaglets displayed sable : the subscription. Orate pro animab^, the rest broken out. In the E. window of N. aisle, France and England quarterly with a file of three labels arg. ; in the second pane, Beauchamp quar- tering Warwick ; under the first, Or a chevron gules and quarter 72 A HISTORY OF BEWDLEY. ermine ; under the second, Arg. on a bend azure three cinque foils or. In the second N. window a gentleman armed and praying : on his coat armour, Gironne of twelve arg. and gules (Peverell).* In the second pane a man with his wife and daughter, all praying ; his name Hayles, his wife's Margeria. In the highest S. window the grocers' arms ; under them the bene- factors', of whom only Roger Wear and Ann, his wife, remain. In the second S. window, France and England quarterly,* with the names of the following benefactors : — Woddall, Southall, Thomas Haylls, and Alice, his wife ; the rest broken. In the W. window, Waldecote, a benefactor. In the chancel is a table of the arms of Russel of Strensham. The crest, on a wreath argent and sable, a demi lion argent, coloured sable, studded or, holding a cross cruselee botonne fitchee sable. Another crest argent a plume of feathers or and azure. On a wall in the S. aisle the arms of Herbert quartering (i) Earl of Here- ford, (2) Newmarch, (3) Semarche, (4) Newton), (5) Hylton, (6) Morgan. In the N. aisle an ancient monument of a man and his wife quite worn out. Some monuments in the S, aisle with crosses. On one of them — " Charles Acton, son of Henry Acton." On the E. wall of chancel (now on wall of S. aisle) ; — John Tiler late Bailiffe of Bewdley 28 Jan. 1626 ; Joan his wife died 1628. Elizabeth wife of John Boraston died 13 Dec. 1662. On an alabaster monument are the names of the following persons (among others) whose bodies were interred near the middle of the chancel : — John Soley gent. 4 June 1604. Margaret his wife 5 Jan. 1639. John Soley gent, their son 17 Feb. 1652 aged 60. John Soley his son 20 April 1665 aged 63. John Soley of Samborn in this county Esq. 17 Oct. 1730 aged 54. On other stones are memorials of the following persons : — John Boraston sometime prebendary of Hereford & Rector of this church fifty-eight years with the chapel of Bewdley annexed 29 Dec. 1688 aged 85. John Addenbroke gent. 3 Feb. 1663. Mrs Margaret Addenbroke, dr of Mr Edward Addenbroke, late Rector of Lower Sapey, and brother to John Addenbroke above-mentioned 4 April 1712 aged 29. William Price, Rector of Ribbesford, 26 Sept. 1724 aged 60. James Perkes senior freeman of Bewdley 23 April 1710. Richard Clare 11 Jan. 1708 aged 53. John Pooler rector of Ribbesford 11 Aug. 1706 aged 39. • These arms are now in the south window of the west end. v 31111111 Walter cZfc 3cdiLri. , U}>j}er J\rle > Nathaniel Eston • • > 1661 Jul. 10 William Dalby . . Francs Lord Newport 1669 Dec. 16 Walter Abbots .. .. do. 16S3 John Smeethes . . Lord Herbert 1694 June 7 Nathaniel Williams do. 1701 Jan. 27 William Price do. 1707 Henry Baldwyn do. 1710 Dec. 16 Martin Crane. . do. 1728 Butler Cowper do. 1779 William Jesse . . Henry Morley Herbert, Esq, 1814 Joseph Fletcher ■ ■ . . 1871 Edward Valentine Davis William ' 1876 John Richard Burto n . . Edward Pease, Esq. * From the Blakeway MSS. in the Bodleian Library and from the Parish Registers. WRIBBENHALL. 83 MribbcnbalL **.!*•> HIS name seems originall}' to have been given to a larger area than the present parish, and to have included Bewdley. The derivation of the word is uncertain, and it has been variously written as Gurbehale, Wrbehale, Wurbenhal', Wrobbenhale, Wurbenli, and Wrignall. The Bewdley side of old Wribbenhall was given in the nth century to Worcester Monaster}^, but the present Wribbenhall, as a part of Kidderminster, seems to have remained in the hands of the Crown]till Henry II. gave it to his Cupbearer, Manser de Biset. It remained in the hands of the Bisets till the reign of Edward I., when this family was represented only by two co-heiresses. One of them being afflicted with leprosy, gave her share to the Hospital for leprous women at Maiden Bradley, in Wiltshire. The other half, including Wribbenhall, belonged in 1337 to Sir Nicholas Burnell, and his son Sir Edward Burnell, of Acton Burnell, Salop, gave Eymore Wood in 8th King Edw. to the Priory of Worcester. After the dissolution of monasteries the wood was granted to the Dean and Chapter of Worcester ; and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, who now have the management of it, have lately recognized their responsibility as landlords by increasing the small endowment of the Vicarage. From the Burnells Wribbenhall came to the Barons of Abergavenny, and was purchased from them by Lord Foley, of Witley. In 1838 the hamlet passed into the hands of Lord Ward, now Earl of Dudley, who is the present lord of the manor. 84 A HISTORY OF BEWDLEY. Wribbenhall, from its excellent quays and vicinity to Bewd- ley, had formerly much commerce ; and Brindley at first proposed making the basin of the canal here instead of at Stourport. At a spring tide as many as 400 pack horses have for several nights together been quartered in the place/'' In 1701 the chapel of " Christchurch in Wribbenhall" was built by subscription.! It was erected on a piece of garden ground held on lease by John Cheltenham under Lord Aber- gavenny, and a free sitting was to be allowed to Cheltenham. Afterwards the inhabitants deprived him of his seat, so by direction of Mr. Day, Lord Abergavenny's steward, the key was taken from the clerk and given to Cheltenham, who kept it, and let the clerk fetch it when he wished to toll the bell. Lord Abergavenny sold the estate to the Foleys ; and in 1750 Lord Foley ordered Mr. Collins, the Curate, to deliver up the keys. He refused to do this without the consent of the inhabi- tants, so John Lewis (Lord Foley's steward) nailed up one door and put a padlock to the other. Mr. Boraston, Lord Foley's nominee, then attended and read prayers and homilies on Sundays. Before the Bishop's Court it was alleged that Lord Foley was sole proprietor of the room at Wribbenhall, and that if he wished he could pull it down or use it for any purpose he liked. The Attorney-General was, however, of opinion that Collins was curate for life, and that the inhabitants had a right in equity to the tise of the chapel. The Register of Baptisms and Marriages begins April 8, 1723. The chapel was conse- crated April 8, 1 84 1, and the ground surrounding the chapel was at the same time consecrated as a burial-ground. In 1844 (June ig) a District Chapelry was assigned to the church, which thereupon became a Perpetual Curacy ; and in 1856, under 19 and 20 Vic, c. 104, Wribbenhall was constituted a separate parish. The old church was well built, but completely devoid of architectural beauty ; and in 1879 a new church was built dedicated to All Saints. The site had been given some years previously by the late Walter Chamberlain'^Hemming, Esq , and his widow contributed very largely to the building of * Nash, Appendix, p. 47. t Consecration sentence. Prattinton, however, says the chapel was built in 1719, and a new lease granted in 1728. WRI BEEN HALL. 85 the new church. The old church was then pulled down, the disused churchyard enclosed, and a stone cross erected on the spot where the altar had stood. There is a monumental brass in this church " In memory of Col. Philip Wodehouse, late of the 15th hussars, second son of the Rev. Philip Wodehouse, Prebendary of Norwich, born Aug. 6, 1788, died at Wribbenhall Dec. nth, 1846. He was actively engaged during the war of the Revolution until he witnessed its termination on the field of Waterloo." - The beautiful east window was erected " To the Glory of God and in memory of W' alter Chamberlain Hemming: died July 7, 1873." Below another painted window is the following inscription : — " To the glory of God and in memory of an unselfish life. Martha daughter of the Rev. Edward Baugh : born 7 May, 1803 ; died Oct. 23, 1865."' In 1773 an advertisement in Berrows' Worcester Journal announced that Netherton Hall in this village was to be let. " There are Grates in the Fire-places, and the Rooms are genteelly hung with Paper." Some Incumbents OF Wribben-hall. 1720 Walter Jones • • . • John Foley 1722 John Hassall .... — Filewood 17^9 Bingham .... George Wharton, B.D. 1742 Daniel Collins 1836 William Hallen 1749 Boraston 1850 Charles Warner Thomas Wigan 1864 Augustus William Gurney • • • • Joseph Taylor 1878 James Lamb Cheshire • • • ■ Miles §1'-^ n.^^ 86 A HISTORY OF BE WD LEY. %o\\KV Baicv>. OWER ARELEY or Areley Regis is about 3 miles below Bewdley. The church of St, Bartholomew is on a commanding situation overlooking the Severn Valley. From time immemorial Areley has been very closely connected with the larger parish of Martley. The lord of the manor of Martley was also lord of Areley ; and the Rector of Martley still presents to the Rectory of Areley. In 3 Edw. I. John le Despencer was lord of the manor. Later on it came into the hands of the Mortimers, then of the barons Delaware, and from them by sale to the Mucklowes, who continued for many genera- tions owners of Martley and Areley. In i6g6 Thomas Zachary, Esq., married Elizabeth Mucklowe, and in 1766 the manor passed b}' descent to their grandson Thomas Zachary, and from him to the present owner, Sampson Zachary Lloyd, Esq. Areley Hall is an ancient manor house, and Prince Rupert is said to have slept in it before the battle of Worcester. Mr. Lloyd has an extensive collection of deeds from the time of Henry III. downwards, and also an interesting MS. containing the Household Expenses of Simon Mucklowe, who lived in the reign of James I. The chief object of curiosity in Areley churchyard is a wall about 18 or 20 feet in length built up of eight large sandstone blocks, each stone being more than 4 feet long and about i^ ft. square. On it is the inscription — " AtOoXoytj/ua Quaye Reponitur Sir Harry." LOWER ARELEY. 87 For a long time there was great speculation as to who " Sir Harry " might be. The registers were lost and there was no other record. But (as showing the value of internal evidence) ^^r}/i; •-^-xa?^.;;;'^-^^ ''' 3yjJ'^i -AnUyJ^, W -V//*^ in Astley church is a monument to the Rev. Thomas Bowater, Rector of Astley. " His soul Heaven has Dirt dirt does cover Our Saviour saw one such, We one other ; Of his successors shall be said hereafter- As good or bad, as like, unlike Bowater." Signed — " Henricus Coningsby, Eques auratus, 1696." It was argued (and as it turned out justly) that in an illiterate age there could not be two rhyming " Sir Harry's," and hence the AifloXoy/xija was conjecturally assigned to be Sir Henry Coningsby's tomb. This proved correct, for in 1842 a perfect copy of the Areley Kings' burial registers was found in a lumber room at Tewkesbury, and in it occurs the entry " the 8th day of December, 1701, Sir Harry Consby, Knight, was buried in woUin, according to y'^ late act of ParP." This Knight was an ancestor of the Earls of Essex, and lived at Hampton Court, Herefordshire, where he dropped acciden- 88 A HISTORY OF BEWDLEY. tally his only child into the moat, and was so afflicted by the loss that he retired as a recluse to a small property called The Sturt, Areley, whence he superintended the erection of his monument as a permanent pane or portion of the churchyard fence, while the other panes being formed of wood have long since disappeared. Sir H.Coningsby also planted three walnut trees near the slab covering his remains at the foot of the above dwarf wall ; and made a bequest in his will that the boys of the parish were to crack the nuts on the said slab on a certain day in the year. But in the long Revolutionary War (1790 — 1815) walnut wood was valuable for gunstocks, and the trees were felled, and the boys deprived of their sports. The wall of blocks is now much distorted, and the sandstone is so friable that ere many years are past only a heap of sandy dust will be left. Sir Harry Coningsby was a descendant of Thomas Coningsb}'^, who died in 1498 and was buried in Rock church. In the chancel is an inscription to the memory of Walter Walsh, who died in 1702. It records that he was " ruinated by three Quackers, two lawyers, and a fanatick to help them." To many the chief interest in Areley Regis will arise from the fact that it was the residence of Layamon, the author of the " Brut," one of the earliest books written in the English tongue. Mr. J. R.Green says, " Historically it is worthless, but as a monu- ment of our language it is beyond all price. After Norman and Angevin English remained unchanged. In more than thirty thousand lines less than fifty Norman words are to be found."''' There are two MSS. of Layamon's " Brut," the one written early in the 13th century, the other about half a century later. The earlier version is in the Southern dialect, while the later has many Midland peculiarities. Both texts were edited by Sir Frederick Madden in 1847, from the Cottonian MSS. for the Society of Antiquaries.! It is much to be desired that some memorial of Layamon should be placed in his church. Mrs. Baldwyn Childe has designed and erected a beautiful window to the memory of another great early English writer, William Longland (Piers the Ploughman), in Cleobury church, Shrop- shire ? Will no one in Worcestershire do the same for this equally distinguished writer of his county ? * Green's Short History of the English People, p. 117. t Morris' Specimens of Early English Text, p. 64. LOWER ARELEY. 89 Rectors of Areley Kings. Patrons. Johannes de Chausy, Rector da Martley David Maynard, Rector de Martley.. Johannes Savsy do. Will'us de Hulle do. W. Brugge, R W. Reede, R Thomas Pontesbury, R. R. de Marteley. John Grave, R., Will'us Paid, R J oh. Paul, R R. de Martley Walt. Baker, R. Rogerus Walker, R. . . Fr. Jones, R. . . Rob. Wylde of Worcester, by grant of John Vernon Rob. Vernon R. of Martley . . Thos. Dunne, R. of Martlay.. The Lord Chancellor (for this turn) . H. J. Hastings, R. of Martley J. P. Hastings, R. of Martley Ditto Incumbents. Layamon son of Leovanath, c. 1200 Johannes de le Ryvere 1282 ) Hanricus Everard, cap. 14 kal. Jul,, I 1311 Ricardus Fillob, cap. 10 kal. Dec. 1323 Johannes le Clere, pbr. g Sept. .... Wiii'us de Ideshale, 20 Sept., 1354 Will'us Flayting, 16 Jan., 1363 Will'us atte More, 11 Sept., 1369 Thomas Cross, 1401 J oh. Wybbe, 8 Dec, 1404 Richardus Cone, 23 Oct., 1405 Thomas Cross, 22 Oct., 1407 Ricardus Sodden, 4 Nov., 1416 Thomas Frensche, 19 Jan., 1419 Johannes Richard, 17 Jun., 1454 Johannes Maryten, 8 Oct., 1458 Ricardus Richards, Nov., 1464 Walterus John, 25 Jan., 1472 Ricardus Oldenale, 22 Oct., 1479 Johannes Wall, i Nov., 14S5 Ricardus Bogy, 11 Jan., 1509 Will'us Wartry, 23 Nov., 1520 Will'us Weston, 25 Oct., 1558 John James, 3 May, 1577 Humphrey Walker, 7 May, 1589 ■ John Vernon, 8 Aug., 1682 Richard Vernon, 4 Oct., 1710 John Haughton, i Oct., 1733 Thomas Vernon, 29 May, 1738 George Hulme, 1794 Henry James Hastings, Oct., 1831 John Parsons Hastings, July, 1856 Edward Acton Davies, Oct., 1875 Daniel Vawdrey, Sept., 1S80 ^ II go A HISTORY OF BEWDLEY. inppcr Brlc^, RLEY, anciently written Earnley, means " an open place in a wood, the abode of the Eagle."* An osprey or sea eagle was shot there in the present century by Lord Valentia's keeper.} In 996 Arley was given by Wulfruna, widow of Aldhelm Earl of Northampton, to a religious house at Wolverhampton (Wulvrune's Hampton). In the time of William II. Bishop Sampson diverted Arley to Worcester Priory. Bishop Roger [temp. Henry I.) gave it to a Judge, Henry de Port, who built and endowed the church. Adam de Port, his son, placed the living in the hands of the Bishop of Lichfield. Later on Plubert de Burgh sold to Robert de Glovernia " certain lands in the Ville of Arley," which had been the lands of Osbert de Hextan. In the church is a stone figure in armour with crossed legs, and bearing a shield three lavs dencetle gules. Bishop Lyttelton supposed that the knight was a de Hextan. The Rev. E. Hardwicke surmised that he was Sir Richard Delamare. The late Rev. Mackenzie Walcott believed him to be Walter de Balun, who married Isolda, daughter of Edmund de Mortimer and heiress of Upper Arley {Nash, vol. II., app. iv.). A sketch of the tomb is given opposite page 72, but the knight's identity is still uncertain. Richard Duke of York sold this manor to Sir William Burley, of Broncroft Castle. Burley had two daughters, one of whom, Jo m, marrijd the famous Judge Sir Thomas Lyttelton ; and * Aar is the German for eagle, and the<;r/« is the " bog-eagle" of Scotland. t Analyst, No. ii., p. 84, Sept,, 18^4. UPPER ARLEY. 91 thus the manor was carried to the Lytteltons, who enjoyed it for 300 years. From 1660 Arley was the chief seat of this distinguished family, and many of their monuments are still in the church. When George the "good" Lord Lyttelton built Hagley Hall, Arley fell into the background, Thomas the *'bad" Lord Lyttelton left Arley to his sister's son, George Viscount Valentia and and Earl of Mountnorris, The fine castle at Arley was built b}' Lord Mountnorris on the site of the old manor house ; and, together with the church, forms a striking feature in the landscape. The castle grounds contain many specimens of rare trees, one of especial interest being the Sorb Tree,* the largest now in England. The Earl died in 1844 without issue ; and soon afterwards the estate was purchased by Robert Woodward, Esq., whose eldest son succeeded him as lord of the manor in 1882. The parish registers commence in 1564. The following is an imperfect list of Rectors of Upper Arley, Temp. 1632- 1684- 1707- 1758- 1794- 1800 1851- 1862 Henry -1655 1662 1684 -1707 -1758 -1794 -i8oo -1862 Incumbents. Til. Philip de Bray John Thomas . . Orford John Waldron. . Thomas Parkes Joseph Chellingworth John Brooke . , Thomas Simon Butt.. Thomas Butt , . Richard Hart Ingram Charles James Wilding Patrons. Bp. of Lichfield George, Lord Lyttelton George, Viscount Valentia Ditto See Miscellanea. 92 A HISTORY OF BEWDLEY. Zbc IRoch or UM. HESE two names, seemingly so different, according- to Bishop Percy, are identical. The village was called Aca or " The Oak" in Latin, and the English " The Rock," is only a corruption of the old Anglo-Saxon Thser Ac, that is Ther Oak, or The Oak. Dr. Percy believed firmly in the tradi- tion that the original Oak, which thus gave its name to the parish, was the same where St. Augustine had the famous interview with the British Bishops, as narrated by the Venerable Bede. " In the meantime, Augustine, with the assistance of King Ethelbert, drew together to a conference the bishops or doctors of the next province of the Britons, at a place which is to this day called Augustine's Ac, that is Augustine's Oak, on the borders of the Wiccii and the West Saxons."* In an old atlas preserved at Shakenhurst, entitled " The large English Atlas, By Emanuel Bowen, Printed by John Bowles at the Black Horse in Cornhill" — presumably of the date a.d. 1670 — Rocke is mentioned as noted for Augustine's oak, where he and the British clergy held a Conference. Bishop Percy says, " When the new Turnpike Road was first made [1753] the Gate being set up at the Apostle's Oak, the Gatekeeper, till his House was built, took shelter in the old hollow Trunk, in which he made a fire that caused it to be • Veil. Ba^da Hist. Eccks., lib. 11. cap. ii. THE ROCK OK AKA. 93 burnt down. I remember being told this by Mr.Meysey Rector of the Rock about the year 1754 or 1755 when I was on a Visit at his Parsonage house."* In Saxon times Godric and Alward, thanes of Earl Algar, held respective]}- the hamlets of Alton and Lindon. Ulmer held Halac and Grim owned More. In the Conqueror's time it was the land of Ralph de Tony, and was afterwards held under him by the Abbot and Convent of St. Ebrulph at Utica in Normandy. Later on Rock and Snede were owned by Henry de Ribbesford, and afterwards came to Beauchamp Earl of Warwick. By attainder 15th Hen. VII. the manor fell to the Crown, and was granted 37 Hen. VIII. to Richard Andrews, who alienated Roke and Sued to Robert Acton. Alton and Roke were granted i Eliz. to George Blount by Bryan Carter and Mary his wife. John Coningsby had lands in Roke and Sued by lease from the king : these descended to Fitzwilliam Coningsby of the Bower. The church is dedicated to St. Peter, and part of it is of Norman work, notably the fine chancel arch. The chancel deviates slightly to the south — a symbol of the leaning of our Saviour's head upon the Cross. The tower was erected in 15 10 by Judge Coningsb}-, who also built the chantry of St. Mary and St. George, in which is his altar tomb. The incised efitigy of Richard Smythe, Rector of the church (1529- — 1554), in his vestments, is now let in the wall of the chantry. The church was thoroughly restored about 20 years ago by the Rev. Arthur Severne. The chapel of St. Giles at Heightington in this parish is also of great antiquity, and the interior was once adorned with fresco paintings and stained glass. Richard Baxter says that in his time there were two curates of Rock : one got his living by tying faggots, the other by making rope. * From an autograph letter to Robert Bromley, Esq., of Abberley Lodge, now in the possession of Miss Bromley, of Bewdley. The letter is headed "Near Northampton, May 31, 1797." 94 A HISTORY OF BEWDLEY. Rectors of Rock. Patrons. Incumbents. Pope John . . . . . . . . Peter de Hope, 5 kal. Oct., 1333 King .. ., .. .. .. Richard le Gierke, 9 Oct., 1338 Roger de Stanford, 11 Sept., 1340 Abbot and Convent of St. Ebrulph] tuj-c^-u r t^ ^ inNormandv .. .. ^ . John de Friseby, 16 Dec, 1361 in Normandy King •J- Robert, Prior of Mountgrace Bishop , . , , . . . . King Prior and Convent of Shene. . . Richard Attewell, 16 May, 1381 William Kydermynster, 28 Oct., 1383 Richard Crateford, 4 Feb., 1385 . . Thomas Ewyer, 21 May, 1398 .. William Lamprey, 31 Aug., 1399 .. Roland Blund, 14 Apr., 1414 Robert Skinner, alias Montgomery, 13 Apr., 1415 .. William Coryngham, i June, 1416 John Thedilthorp, i Nov., 1426 John Wyllys, 12 June, 1439 John Spencer, 10 Decern., 1481 John Algar, 17 Nov., 1514 Richard Smyth, 3 March, 1529 Thomas Grene, by grant from the) t , r- ^uv, <. c a -i /= Convent of Shene (?) . . . . | J°^" Cuthbert, 26 April, 1560 Thomas Hopkins, i Aug., 1565 William Coke (or Cooke), d. 1607 Benson, D.D., 1607 . . Sares Boyleston, 4 Nov., 1672 Edward Partington, 13 July, 1716 ,. William Petwin, 24 Sept., 1731 John Meysey, g March, 1732 .. Ralph Lingen, 16 Oct., 1764 .. Richard Watkins, 11 Aug., 1770 Ralph Lingen William Henry Hill, 1812 . . W^illiam Severne, 1840 .. Arthur Severne, 1853 . . Alfred James, 1862 . . Frederick Augustus Reiss, 1870 Edward Boyleston John Meysey . , Francis Watkins Charles Watkins Meysey John Michael Severne Anna Maria Severne . . Alfred James Caroline Reiss . . The church of the Holy Trinity in the Far Forest was con- secrated in 1844. The parish was taken out of Rock and Ribbesford, and the patronage is alternately in the gift of the Rectors of those parishes. The Registers date from 1848, and appended is a List of Incumbents of the Far Forest. Robert Onebye Walker James T. C. Saunders . Josiah Turner Lea 1844— 1848 1848— 1853 1853 .... Rector of Ribbesford Rector of Rock Rector of Ribbesford LOWER MIT TON. 95 Xowcr riDittou. OWER MITTON (Stourport) is mentioned in Domesday as one of the hamlets of Kidder- minster under the name of Metune. John Cofton, of Cofton Racket, was anciently seized of lands here, which descended to his heiress, Lucy wife Alex, de Hodington, 20 Edw. III. (1245), and in this line it continued till 7 Henry VI. John Lench, a Lancas- ■^rian, forfeited it by his attainder in 3 Edw. IV., but Henry VII. restored his son, John Lench, to this his paternal estate. After- wards Sir William Lygon held it, but sold to every tenant the inheritance of the estate he occupied. Later on he sold the manor to James Clent. In 1563 Mitton chapelry contained 23 families. There has been a chapel at Mitton for centuries, but burials used to be made at. Kidderminster. In 1625 (Nov. 13) the ground lying round the chapel was consecrated for burials by John, Bishop of Worcester. Mr. John Odell, Vicar of Kidder- minster, John Yarranton and John Wilkes, chapelwardens of Mitton, and John and Humphrey Grove, gentlemen there, were the petitioners. The Vicar of Kidderminster and his successors were to receive for the burial of every person in the churchyard 6d., for a burial in the chapel 6s. 8d., and in the chancel 105.* The present plain brick church of St. Michael was erected on the old site in 1791. In 1844 (June 19) the hamlet of Lower Mitton was made a chapelry district, and the chaplain became a perpetual curate. In 1866 (Aug. 7), by Lord Blandford's Act, the curacy became a vicarage, and the present incumbent is the first vicar. The earliest register is dated 1693 > '^" on reverse, a figure sitting with a spear holding a branch of olive, pontif maximvs. A tree of great interest to botanists was growing till lately in Wyre Forest. It was a " Sorb Tree" {Pyrus domestica), and was the only apparently wild tree of the species in Britain. It was mentioned in the Philosophical Transactions for 1678 by Alderman Pitts, of Worcester, and was considered an old tree at that time. It was burnt down by some miscreant in 1862. Illustrations of the tree are given in Nash (vol. i., page 10) and in Lees' Botany of Worcestershire (pages xci. and 4). George Jorden traced out what he thought to be the ruins of a hermitage near the spot. " A strange and true Relation of a Young Woman possest with the Devill By name Joyce Dovey dwelling at Bewdley neer Worcester. With a particular of her actions & how the evill Spirit speakes within her giving feareful answers unto those Ministers and others that come to discourse with her. As it was certified in a letter from Mr. James Dalton unto Mr, Th. Groom Ironmonger over against Sepulchres Church in London. Imprinted at London 1647." This is the title of a book of which only two printed copies are known to be G 1. A HISTORY OF BEWDLEY. now in existence. Dr. Prattinton's MSS. contain a written copy of the whole ; but it is only of interest as showing the superstition of the age. Dovie or Dovey was a common name in Bewdley at the time mentioned ; and the Rev. John Boraston, Rector of Ribbesford, was one of the ministers who visited her. Susan Wowen, of Bewdley, had horns 3 inches long at the back of her head, which were shed every three years. In all she shed about 8 or 9. Mr. Soley, of Sandbourne, had one of them tipped with silver ; and another was sent to Oxford. Tradition relates that she was a very wicked woman. Dr. Prattinton collected all the information he could obtain from ancient and modern history about people similarly circum- stanced, and the results fill many closely-written pages of his MSS. Winterdyne House was built by Sir Edward Winnington about 1760. Richard Symonds, who accompanied Charles I. in the civil wars (1644), says in his diary that there was then a "grotto cut out of the quarry of stone within Ticknell parke towards the Severne." The Rev. Walter Sweeper (see page 22) was buried at Stroud June g, 1636. He published a discourse on Prov. xii., 16, and another on " Israel's Redemption by Xt, Wherein is confuted the Arminian Vniversall Redemption." From the preface to this book we learn that the famous Countess of Pembroke was a native of Bewdley. He says, " I intended to dedicate this to your truly noble sister the late deceased Countesse of Pembrock, in token of my thankfulnesse for her continuall favours shewed ever since she and my Lord her husband placed me in Bewdley where she first drew her happie breath ; which place of her birth is styled by an ancient Poet, Delituim revum belhis loctis."'-^' (See page 4.) The old sign-board of the " Cock and Pye" Inn is very in- teresting to students of Shakspere, and has often been engraved, * Gloucestershire Notes and Queries, part xii. INDEX. li. 3ubcr» G' Abbots Walter. 8i Abergavenny, Barons of, S3 Acton Robert, purchaser of Rock Manor, 93 Addenbrokc family, 72 Aka — see Rock Algar Earl, 93 Alton hamlet, 93 Andrews Richard, lord of Rock Manor, 93 Angel Inn, 40 Archaeologia, Turstin's charter in, 2 Areley Regis (see Lower Areley) Arley Upper (see Upper Arley) Arthur Prince, marriage of, 32 et seq.; funeral of, 34 et seq. Augustine St., his conference at Rock, 92 Bailiffs, list of, xxxvi. et seq. Baker Slade, 47, xxxv. Balun Walter de, 90 Bancks family, 13, 74, 80 Baptists, 48 ; ministers, 49 Baugh Edward, 60 Baugh Mrs. T., 61 Baxter Richard, 23, 29, 48, 56, 93 Beale family, 73 Beauchamp Thomas, 66, 71, 93 Beaulieu, 3, 4, 5 Bede Venerable, 92 Bells, 25 Benefactors, list of, 53 Best Edward, 41, 59 Bewdley, survey of, 7 ; as a sanc- tuary, 16 ; Bailiff and Burgesses of, 10 ; arms of, 19 ; markets and fairs, 6, 9, 14, xxxv.; popu- lation of, 15 ; trades of, 12, 13, 14 BIset de, 83 Blount Sir E., 7 ; George, 93 Boraston family, 57, 72, 84 Branch Peter, 44 Bridge, 27 et seq.; grant of Richard III. to, 28 ; gatehouse on, 28 ; wardens appointed for, 28 ; damaged, 29 ; fighting on, 29 ; new, 30 • Bridgewardens' accounts, 28, 41, xii. et seq. Brindley and the rise of Stourport, 96 Brookes George, 49 ■' Brut," author of, 88 Burley Sir William, 90 Burnell Sir E., 83 Burton Mary, 80 ; Burton Charles James, 81 Bury John, 44, 46 Button Oak, hamlet and church, 8r, xlix. Caldwell family, 73 Camden, 4 Hi. A HISTORY OF BEWDLEY. Canal, Worcester & Staffordshire, 96 Carter family, 93 Catherine of Braganza, 10 Cawood John, 50, 81 Chantries, 53 et seq. Chaoel, 16 et seq.; houses under, 17 ; painted glass and inscrip- tions in, 18; chantries in, 17, 20; vestments of, 21; incum- bents of, 26; stage plays in, 21 ; bells in, 25. Chapelwardens' accounts, 20, 28, xii. et seq. Charles I. at Bewdley, 23, 40. Charters, Edward IV., 6, 43, xlii.; Henry VII., 44; Henry VIII., 44; James I., 44 ; James II., 44; Anne, 45 Cheeke Richard, 73 Church Mis,sionary Society, 60 Clare family, 25, 72 Clark James, 49 Clent James, 95 Cleobury, 5, 63 Cock and Pye signboard, 1. Cofton John, 95 Coin, Roman, found near Button Oak, xlix. Cole James, Si Compton Sir Charles, 42, 55 Coningsby Sir Harry, 87; John and Fitzwilliam, 93 ; Judge Con- ingsby, 93 Corporation, 19, 24, xxxv.; officers of, xxxvi. et seq. Crane family, 80, 81 Cromwell Richard, 41 Cupper John, 73 Davis Rev. E. V. W., Si Delamare Sir Richard, go Delaware Barons, 86 Despencer John le, 8G Domesday book, i Dovey Joyce, xlix. Dowdes, 76 et seq.; ancient names of, 76 ; church, 78 ; owners of, 79 ; registers of, xliii. et seq.; monu- ments and epitaphs, 79 et seq.; charities, 81 ; population, 81 ; rectors and patrons, 82 Downton Castle, 63 Dudley Lord, 6, 10, S3 Eccles John, 48 et seq. Far Forest, incumbents of, 94 Feild Bishop, 59 Foley Lord, 83, 84 Fortescue Rev. John, 25 Fortescue Mrs., 25 Fox Col., takes Bewdley, 39 Fox George, 48 Friends' meeting-house, 50 Fryer James, 60, 73 Garmston Humphrey, 81 Gates 39, xxxv. Grammar School, 51 ; benefactors of, ibid.; head masters of, 52 Griffith George, 61 Grosvenor William le, 81 Grove Thomas, 81 Gurbehale, i Guy William, Si Hartlebury Castle, 6, 40 Hassall family. So Havergal Rev.F.T., 70 Hayley family, 17, 41, 64, 73 Heightington — chapel of St. Giles, 93 Hemming family, 84, 85 Herberts of Ribbesford, 45, 4G, 67, 72 Hereford Bishops of, 21, 22 Hermitage in Wyre Forest, xlix. Hextan de, 90 High Stewards of Bewdley, xl. Hodington Lucy wife of Alex, de, 95 Hopkins family, 58, 73 Horned woman, 1. Howard family. So Illustrious Men, 55 Inett Rev. John, 58 INDEX. Iin. Ingrams of Ribbesford, 17, 41, 42, 68,73 Institute, 53 James I. at Bewdley, 38 Jordan George, 60 Kateshill, 32 Kenrick Samuel, 50 Kidderminster, feud with Bewdley, 33 Knight Rev. Thomas, 24 Layamon, 88 Lechmere, 2, xxxix. Leland, 4, 11, 16, 28, 31 Lench family, 95 Lichfield, Bishop of, 90 Lloyd S. Zachary, 66, 86 Loi ds President of Marches, list of, 36 Lower Arely, 86 et seq.; " Sir Harry" and his tomb, 87; Layamon, a resident of, 88 ; rectors an d patrons, 89 Lower Mitton — see ]\Iitton. Lyttelton family, 30, 39 et seq., 47, xxxi., XXXV., xxxix et seq., 90, gi Macdonald Hannah, memorial of, 74 Malvern Priory, 76 et seq. Marches, Court of, 35 et seq. Mary Princess, at Ticknell, 35 Mawley, 63 Members of Parliament, list of, xxxix et seq. Mitton, I ; Lower Mitton, 95, 96 ; incumbents of chapel, 96 ; Upper Mitton, 96 Mountnorris 2d Earl of, 91 Mortimer, family of, i et seq., 65 ; arms of, 4, 71 ; pedigree of, xlvii., 86, go Mucklowe family, 86 Netherton Hall, 85 Northumberland Duke of, 67 Oasland Henry, 24, 49, 56 Orange Prince of, letter from, 46 Pack horses, 84 Pakington Sir John, 57, xvi. Parliamentary Borough, 15, 47, 96 ; members of Parliament, xxxix. Paulet Sir Hugh, 37 Pembroke the Earl and Countess of, 22, 37, xvi., 1. Percy Bishop and Augustine's oak, 92 Pew rents, 22, xxxv. Plays in the chapel, 21 Poor curates, 93 Port Henry de, 90 Prattinton Dr., i5, 17, 50, 59 Presbyterianism, 49 Prichard family, 80 Radnal Francis, Si Recorders of Bewdley xli. Deputy do. xli. Reynolds Jabez, 49 Ribbesford family of, 64 et seq ; arms of, 66 Ribbesford church, 68 ; monuments in, 4, 72 ; stained glass, 74 ; registers iii. et seq.; porch 69 et seq ; c'lurchyard poetry 74 et seq ; Rectors and patrons of, 75 Ribbesford House, 68 Roberts W. Aylesbury, 47 Rock, etymology of, 92 ; church, 88, 93 ; incumbents and patrons, 94 ; the Oak and St. Augustine, 92 ; manor of, 93 ; chapel of St. Giles, 93 Rupert Prince, 23, xxxii., 85 Salweys of Moor Park, 17 Sandys Colonel, 40 Schools in Bewdley, 53 Severne Rev. A., 93 Seymour Lord, 35 Signboard — Shakspearian, 1. Skey family of, 13, 61, 79, So liv. A HISTORY OF BEWDLEY. Slade Samuel, 45 Smith Anne Prichard, 81 Smythe Richard, effigy of, 93 Snede manor, 93 Soleys of Sandbourne, 72 Sorb tree, xlix. Spring Grove, 61 Stour mouth, 96 Stourport, 96 Stowell Hugh, 59 Stukeley Dr., 5, 41 Superstition, xlix. Sweeper Walter, 22, 1. Sydney Sir Henry, 36, 37, 39, xiv. Telford, builds now bridge, 30 Tibbitts John, 61 Ticknell, 12, 31 et seq., 65 Tiler John, 72 Tombes John, 23, 48, 49, 55, 56 Town-hall, old, 10, xxxv. Town Clerks, list of, xli. Treasurers, list of, xli. Turstin, 2, 3, 5, 63, 64 Upper Arley, 90, 91 ; rectors and patrons, 91 Upper Mitton — see Mitton Vobe Ellen, 81 Walcot Sir Thomas, 44 Walcot Charles, 37 Wales Princes of, 6, 7 Walsh Walter, 88 Warden's halfpence, 46 Wars, 23, 29, 39, 56 Watermen, 14, 74 Wesley Rev. John, 50, 96 Wesleyan chapel, 50 Wilkes John, 13, 95 Willis Bishop, 52, 58 Williams Nathaniel, 58, 81 Winningtons of Stanford, 10, 17, 24, 42, 45, 47, 59, 68, xxxix., xl., 1. Winterdyne, 32, 40, 1. Wodehouse family, 85 Woodward family, 91 Worcester, Bishops of, 3, 6, 21, 22, 27, 62 Worcester, Priory of, i, 2, 3, 5, S3, go Wowen Susan, 1. Wribbenhall, i, 2, 6, 83 ; church, 84 et seq. ; incumbents, 85 Wyre, Forest of, 5, 65, xlix. York Richard Duke of, 90 Stamford : Printed at the Old Lincolnshire Press. "^HEN Wales was without ,. i^rince in Tudor times Mary was recog- nised as Princess of Wales, and for lack of a male Prince was sent down to the Welsh borders to hold court at Ludlow. L>'0 >^ i^ # so s^ .^ <5JAEIINIVERS/A "^yaiAiNn^ ^A, O Ji. 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