3 1822022573323
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO 
 
 3 1822022573323
 
 Hn Hmerican <$arlanb
 
 Xonfton 
 
 SIMPKIN, MARSHALL & Co., LTD. 
 
 flew lt)orfc 
 
 LONGMANS, GREEN & Co. 
 FOURTH AVENUE AND 3OTH STREET
 
 an 
 
 Hmertcan <3arlan6 
 
 being a Collection of 
 
 Ballabs IRdatfnQ to Hmedca 
 
 1563*1759 
 
 C. H. FIRTH, M.A. 
 
 REGIUS PROFESSOR OF MODERN HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF OXFORD 
 
 "FOR 
 
 rforfc 
 
 B. H. BLACK WELL, BROAD STREET 
 1915
 
 Contents 
 
 PAGE 
 
 INTRODUCTION - - vii 
 
 THE ADVENTERUS VIAGE OF M. THOMAS STUTELY i 
 
 HAVE OVER THE WATER TO FLORIDA 7 
 
 NEWES FROM VIRGINIA - 9 
 
 LONDON'S LOTTERIE - - 17 
 
 THE SECOND PART OF LONDON'S LOTTERIE - 21 
 
 THE ZEALOUS PURITAN - 25 
 
 THE SUMMONS TO NEWE ENGLAND - - 27 
 
 A SONG - 31 
 
 A WEST-COUNTRY MAN'S VOYAGE - - 32 
 
 THE MAYDENS OF LONDON - - 35 
 
 THE MAYDENS OF LONDON, SECOND PART - - 37 
 
 THE YOUNG MEN'S RESOLUTION - - 39 
 
 THE QUAKERS' FAREWEL TO ENGLAND - 41 
 
 A VOYAGE TO VIRGINIA - 46 
 
 THE TRAPPAN'D MAIDEN - 51 
 
 A NET FOR A NIGHT-RAVEN - 54 
 
 THE FOUR INDIAN KINGS, PART I - 60 
 
 THE FOUR INDIAN KINGS, PART II - 64 
 
 THE BETRAY'D MAIDEN - 69 
 
 THE LADS OF VIRGINIA - - - 72 
 
 THE SIEGE OF QUEBEC - 74 
 
 WOLFE AND SAUNDERS - 77 
 
 THE DEATH OF GENERAL WOLFE - - 79 
 
 BRITAIN IN TEARS - 81 
 
 THE DEATH OF GENERAL WOLFE - - 83 
 
 NOTES - - 85
 
 Jntrobuction 
 
 A COLLECTION of ballads illustrating the discovery 
 and settlement of the English Colonies of America 
 must necessarily be both small and imperfect. 
 Ballads were the most perishable kind of printed 
 literature. Of those which were printed very few 
 survived, partly because such ephemeral productions 
 were regarded as too trivial to be worth preserving, 
 partly because they were peculiarly exposed to 
 destruction. Poorly printed for the most part, and 
 on bad paper, they were not intended for long life, 
 and the more popular they were the more their 
 endurance was tested. They passed from hand to 
 hand, became tattered and grimy, and were thrown 
 away. Their best chance of surviving long was to 
 be pasted on walls or screens, which saved them 
 from rough handling. ' Even the walls of cottages 
 and little ale houses,' says Thomas Holcroft in his 
 autobiography, contributed to his literary education 
 when he was a boy. ' Many of them had old 
 English ballads such as "Death and the Lady" 
 and " Margaret's Ghost," with " Lamentable 
 Tragedies " or " King Charles's Golden Rules " 
 occasionally pasted on them. They were at that
 
 Vlll INTRODUCTION 
 
 time the learning, and often, no doubt, the delight 
 of the vulgar.' 1 
 
 Holcroft wrote of the last years of George the 
 Second's reign : Addison writing some fifty years 
 earlier refers to the same custom. ' My inquisitive 
 temper, or rather impertinent humour of prying into 
 all sorts of writing, with my natural aversion to 
 loquacity, give me a good deal of employment when 
 I enter any house in the country; for I cannot for 
 my heart leave a room, before I have thoroughly 
 studied the walls of it and examined the several 
 printed papers which are usually pasted upon them. 
 The last piece that I met with upon this occasion 
 gave me a most exquisite pleasure. My reader will 
 think I am not serious, when I acquaint him that 
 the piece I am going to speak of was the old ballad 
 of the Two Children in the Wood, which is one of 
 the darling Songs of the common people, and has 
 been the delight of most Englishmen in some part 
 of their age.' 2 It was also the longest lived of 
 English ballads, since, though it was originally 
 printed in 1595, it continued to be reprinted as a 
 broadside for nearly three centuries.* 
 
 Pasting on walls gave ballads but a temporary 
 respite from destruction. Their permanent exist- 
 ence was only guaranteed when someone who was 
 
 1 Memoirs, I, 135. 2 Spectator, Number 85, June 7, 1711. 
 
 3 The oldest printed copy existing appears to be that in the 
 Roxburghe Collection which Mr. Chappell dates as the latter part 
 of James the First's reign.
 
 INTRODUCTION IX 
 
 interested in the literature of the people collected 
 them, and pasted them in volumes. That practice 
 began in the seventeenth century. In his paper on 
 the Babes in the Wood, Addison mentions two such 
 collectors. ' I have heard,' he says, ' that the late 
 Lord Dorset, who had the greatest wit, tempered 
 with the greatest candour, and was one of the finest 
 criticks as well as the best poets of his age, had a 
 numerous collection of old English ballads, and took 
 a particular pleasure in the reading of them. I can 
 affirm the same of Mr. Dryden, and know several 
 of the most refined writers of our present age who 
 are of the same humour.' Dorset's and Dryden's 
 collections have not reached us, or, if they survived 
 their makers and passed into other hands, their 
 original ownership has been forgotten, and they 
 cannot be identified. 
 
 On the other hand we have in the Roxburghe 
 ballads 1 the collection formed by their contemporary, 
 Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford. From it three 
 ballads contained in this ' Garland ' have been de- 
 rived. Amongst the agents who assisted in the 
 formation of the Earl of Oxford's library was John 
 Bagford, a shoemaker with a turn for literature, and 
 an interest in early printing. Bagford's collection, 
 which contains 355 ballads, is now in the British 
 Museum. It has supplied us with the ' Quakers' 
 
 1 For its history, see Mr. Chappell's introduction to the Rox- 
 burghe Ballads, I, pp. i-v.
 
 X INTRODUCTION 
 
 Farewell to England,' of which no other copy 
 appears to exist. 
 
 The Bodleian possesses three considerable collec- 
 tions : that of Anthony Wood, formed in the seven- 
 teenth century and containing 279 ballads, that of 
 Richard Rawlinson, formed in the eighteenth cen- 
 tury and containing 218 ballads, and that of Francis 
 Douce, which contains 817. Rawlinson's collection 
 is the source of ' A Net for a Night Raven,' while 
 ' The Trappan'd Maiden ' comes from Douce. 
 
 Cambridge possesses the largest of all collections 
 of black letter ballads, that formed by Samuel Pepys, 
 and left by him to Magdalene College. Pepys, who 
 died in 1703, began collecting earlier than Harley, 
 and brought together over 1,800 ballads, but was 
 indebted for some of them to the most famous 
 seventeenth century scholars. On the title page of 
 his collection he describes it as ' Begun by Mr. 
 Selden : improved by ye addition of many pieces 
 elder thereto in time, and the whole continued down 
 to the year 1700, when the form till then peculiar 
 thereto, viz*, of the black letter with pictures, seems 
 (for cheapness sake) wholly laid aside, for that of 
 white letter without pictures.' 1 From the Pepys 
 collection, perhaps from the portion of it originally 
 in the possession of John Selden, the ballad on 
 ' London's Lottery ' is derived, and Pepys owned also 
 a copy of the ' Voyage to Virginia.' 
 
 1 For its history, see Mr. Chappell's introduction to the Rox- 
 burghe Ballads, I, pp. i-v.
 
 INTRODUCTION XI 
 
 Another famous collection is that at Britwell 
 Court. It contains part of the Elizabethan ballads 
 found at Helmingham Hall in Suffolk, which after 
 passing through the hands of George Daniel and 
 Richard Heber came into the possession of Mr. Chris- 
 tie Miller. 1 The ' Commendation of the Adventurous 
 Voyage ' of Captain Stukeley is one of these ballads. 
 The other part of the Suffolk collection, which was 
 purchased at Daniel's sale by Mr. Henry Huth, is 
 now in the possession of the British Museum, but 
 does not contain any ballads relating to America. 
 Mr. Huth, however, acquired from another source 
 a copy of ' Newes from Virginia,' of which a second 
 copy is in the possession of an American collector. 2 
 
 This survey of the sources from which the ' Gar- 
 land ' has been drawn shows that black letter ballads 
 relating to the discovery and colonisation of America 
 are of the greatest rarity. The number of examples 
 of black letter ballads printed during the sixteenth 
 and seventeenth centuries now in existence can 
 scarcely be less than about ten thousand. Of the 
 more popular there are many copies and several 
 different editions, so that if the duplicates are 
 deducted the total would be reduced to four or five 
 thousand. It is surprising that so few of them deal 
 
 1 This was printed for the Roxburghe Club in 1912 : Ballads 
 and Broadsides, chiefly of the Elizabethan period, most of which 
 were formerly in the Heber Collection and now at Britwell Court, 
 Bucks. Edited with notes and introduction by Herbert L. Coil- 
 man. 
 
 2 Alexander Brown, The Genesis of the United States, I, 420.
 
 Xll INTRODUCTION 
 
 with the new countries which English sailors spent 
 so much pains to explore, and where so many 
 Englishmen found homes and built new states. The 
 entries in the registers of the Stationers' Company 
 reveal the publication of some ballads on these sub- 
 jects which have completely perished, and from the 
 defectiveness of the registers it may be safely in- 
 ferred that some others were printed, though no 
 trace of their existence has survived. There were, 
 however, two ways in which the text of ballads was 
 often preserved after the original broadsides had 
 perished. Copies of some survived in manuscript, 
 copies of others were included in printed collections 
 of songs and miscellaneous verses. Three of these 
 manuscripts may be instanced : Bishop Percy's 
 Folio MS. which contained a large number of 
 printed ballads; Lord Macclesfield's MS., published 
 under the title of 'The Sherburn Ballads,' appears 
 to consist entirely of ballads printed during the 
 reigns of Elizabeth and James I, of which about fifty 
 of the total are only preserved in this manuscript, 
 while thirty have survived in broadside form : a 
 third example is supplied by Ashmolean MS. No. 
 48, edited by Thomas Wright, in 1860, under the title 
 of ' Songs and Ballads chiefly of the reign of Philip 
 and Mary.' 
 
 The last contains a certain number of printed 
 ballads, including one about Florida, of which a 
 fragment stands second in this ' Garland.'
 
 INTRODUCTION Xlll 
 
 Turning to the printed collections of miscellaneous 
 verse mentioned above, two in particular may be 
 instanced : the ' Exact Collection of the choicest 
 Poems and Songs relating to the late Times,' pub- 
 lished in 1662, and generally known by its short title 
 as ' Rump Songs/ and the series of ' Drolleries,' 
 published during the latter part of the seventeenth 
 century, and edited by Mr. Ebsworth in 1875-6. 
 These collections have contributed four ballads to 
 the ' Garland,' one at least of which was originally 
 published as a broadside ballad, and possibly more 
 than one. 
 
 The last eight items in the 'Garland' are eighteenth 
 century ballads from my own collection. With the 
 eighteenth century the decadence of the ballad 
 began. As we have seen, Pepys fixes the year 1700 
 as marking the date when ballads ceased to be 
 printed in black letter and adorned with illustrations. 
 The change can hardly be fixed so precisely : it 
 commenced rather earlier, and political ballads had 
 already for some time been printed in white letter. 
 The process was now applied to ballads on social 
 topics. At the same time ballads were printed on 
 smaller sheets and on worse paper, and, later in the 
 century, on narrow slips in one column, and in 
 smaller type, instead of in several columns on a 
 square or oblong sheet. Illustrations never entirely 
 disappeared, but became much rarer. In 1722 Defoe 1 
 
 1 Lee, Newly Discovered Writings of Defoe, III, 59.
 
 XIV INTRODUCTION 
 
 lamented the decay of the trade of ballad making 
 with some exaggeration. A change of ministry, an 
 event like Walpole's Excise Bill, or a hotly con- 
 tested election, still called forth floods of rough 
 verses, but non-political ballads became fewer in 
 number and poorer in quality. 
 
 On account of this inferiority in their character 
 and the less attractive form in which they were pro- 
 duced, collectors of this kind of literature confined 
 their attention as a rule to black letter ballads. 
 There are, it is true, some considerable collections 
 of eighteenth century ballads and slip songs in 
 existence, either in public libraries or in private 
 hands, but generally they have not been arranged 
 or indexed or catalogued as the black letter ballads 
 have been. The introduction to Lord Crawford's 
 ' Catalogue of a Collection of English Ballads,' con- 
 cludes by saying that it contains only those of earlier 
 date than 1715, adding : ' Of the more modern class I 
 have also a large number (upwards of 2,000) with 
 which I do not deal in this Catalogue.' The largest 
 collection of eighteenth century ballads is probably 
 that made by Sir Frederick Madden, afterwards 
 purchased by Dr. Henry Bradshaw, and now in the 
 Cambridge University Library. There are collec- 
 tions also in the British Museum, the Bodleian, and 
 the Chetham Library, but the same difficulties beset 
 the student in dealing with them. Some of these 
 collections I have searched, but not all : a more
 
 INTRODUCTION XV 
 
 systematic enquiry might lead to the discovery of 
 some eighteenth century ballads relating to America, 
 but it would not yield many, because it is evident 
 that few were written. 
 
 Yet few though the ballads are which I have col- 
 lected in this ' Garland/ they do serve to show what 
 the English populace, and those who wrote for the 
 popular taste, thought about America at different 
 periods during about two hundred years. First 
 came the period of discovery. England was a late 
 comer in the field of American exploration : the 
 voyages of the Cabots were not followed up ; at first 
 English merchants and sea captains in general directed 
 their ventures to the Mediterranean, or the Black Sea, 
 or the coast of Africa, rather than the West. The 
 discoveries of the Spaniards and their conquests 
 awakened some feeling of envy and regret, as the well 
 known lines in the ' Interlude of the Four Elements ' 
 testify. 
 
 O what a thing had be than 
 
 If they that be Englishmen 
 
 Might have been first of all 
 
 That there should have taken possession 
 
 And made first building and habitation. 1 
 But commerce rather than colonisation was natur- 
 ally the aim of merchants, and the experience of 
 trading voyages fitted seamen for the more difficult 
 task of exploration. Men who were neither mer- 
 chants nor seamen might promote or take part in 
 
 1 Printed about 1519.
 
 XVI INTRODUCTION 
 
 voyages of discovery, but did not possess the qualities 
 required to make them successful. Master Here's 
 associates in his unfortunate voyage to Newfoundland 
 in 1536 were mainly ' gentlemen of the Inns of Court 
 and of the Chancery, and divers others of good wor- 
 ship, desirous to see the strange things of the world,' 1 
 Thomas Stukeley, whose projected voyage to Florida 
 in 1563 is the subject of the ballads in this collection, 
 was an adventurous spirit of the same type. Setting 
 out ostensibly to discover and settle new countries, 
 he ended by turning pirate for his own profit. Many 
 volunteers had joined his expedition allured by dreams 
 of wealth. Florida was painted as a country where 
 the forests were full of cedars and the shores of 
 pearls, where the natives bartered gold for toys. 
 ' Over the water to Florida ' relates the hopes of one 
 of Stukeley's followers and his undeceiving: we 
 possess only a few stanzas, but there is evidence that 
 the ballad must have been widely known, for its tune 
 became popular. The ballad in commendation of 
 Stukeley and his enterprise strikes a higher note. It 
 was not the material rewards of the enterprise on 
 which its author dwelt, but on the spirit which he 
 believed to inspire its leader. He praised the 'valiant 
 noble heart ' that persevered in its purpose in spite of 
 peril, disappointment, and scorn, as Aeneas or Colum- 
 bus did. Stukeley himself was but a vulgar swash- 
 buckler, unworthy of such a panegyric, yet the ballad 
 
 i Hakkluyt, Voyages, VIII, 3.
 
 INTRODUCTION XV11 
 
 writer correctly described the temper of many of the 
 gentlemen and adventurers of those days. Thomas 
 Churchyard in his ' Commendation of Sir Humphrey 
 Gilbert and his associates,' written in 1578, chose a 
 worthier hero, and expressed with greater fulness 
 and equal fidelity the feeling of the Elizabethan age 
 about them. 1 
 
 O faithfull friends, farewell, I namd you all aroe; 
 For world to view, whiles world doth last, what 
 
 courage you do shoe. 
 What charges you are at, what venter you have 
 
 made; 
 And how you seeke to traffike there, where never 
 
 yet was trade. 
 
 And most of you such men as livings have at home, 
 So great and good, that sure abrode you neede not 
 
 for to rome : 
 Faire houses, lands, and wives ; great friends and of 
 
 the best; 
 Good stayes and pillers, whereupon the strongest 
 
 heere may rest : 
 
 Well knowne, and honord both ; in credite every way, 
 In perfite plighte and state to live, and laugh, 
 
 though world say nay. 
 This strange adiew of youres doth argue noble 
 
 harts; 
 And in your brestes are noble giftes, and many 
 
 noble parts. 
 For, having wealth at will, and world at becke and 
 
 call, 
 Propt up with Prince's favoure still, so sure ye 
 
 could not fall : 
 
 1 ' A Matter touching the Journey of Sir Humfrey Gilbartc 
 Knight.' Nichols, Progresses of Queen Elizabeth, ed. 1788, TI, 
 p. 96.
 
 XV111 INTRODUCTION 
 
 And yet to leave that hope, to seeke uncertayne 
 
 happe, 
 And so committe your goods and lives to every 
 
 stormy clappe 
 
 That suddayne tempest brings : methinke the ven- 
 ture great ; 
 The value of your valiant minds surmountes the fire 
 
 in heate. 
 
 Whereof such hote desires of doing good doth rise ; 
 The kindled coales and flames thereof do sparckle 
 
 through the skyes. 
 
 Some people happly thinke a greedie hope of gayne, 
 And heapes of gold you hope to find, doth make 
 
 you take this payne. 
 
 Oh sure that cannot be, conceyve the case who list. 
 For, having that which thousands want alreadie in 
 
 your fist, 
 You meane to clime for fame as high as eye may 
 
 looke, 
 And search the creekes and privie portes, and every 
 
 secret nooke, 
 As farre as shippe may sayle, I trust for countreys 
 
 good : 
 And for the common wealthes avayle you offer life 
 
 and bloud. 
 
 After thus bidding them God-speed. Churchyard 
 enlarged on the perils that lay before them. 
 
 Now have they taken leave of worldly pleasures all. 
 That yong and lusty were to live ; and now to toyle 
 
 they fall 
 That finely were brought up; yea now they bid 
 
 adiew 
 The glittring court, the gallant towne. the gorgious 
 
 garments new; 
 The braverie of this world, the pride and pomp of 
 
 earth,
 
 INTRODUCTION XIX 
 
 And looke not backward any way to ritches, race or 
 
 birth ; 
 To worthy wife nor friend, to babes nor neerest 
 
 kinne ; 
 But only to the Lord above, and journey they are 
 
 in. 
 
 And all for countreys cause, and to enrich the same, 
 Now do they hazard all they have; and so for wealth 
 
 and fame, 
 
 They fare along the seas, they sayle and tide it out; 
 They hale and stretch the sheates aloft, they toyle 
 
 and dread no doubt. 
 They feede on biskit hard, and drincke but simple 
 
 beere, 
 Salt beefe, and stock-fish drie as kecke, is now their 
 
 greatest cheere. 
 And still a fulsome smell of pitch and tarre they 
 
 feele ; 
 And when sea-sicke (God wot) they are, about the 
 
 shippe they reele. 
 
 But they must needes abide a greater brunt than 
 
 this, 
 And hope that after hellish paynes there commes a 
 
 time of blisse. 
 Yet note the torments strange that toyling saylers 
 
 have. 
 Who live at mercie of the seas : yea, surge and 
 
 swelling wave 
 Would swallow up the shippe, if pylots were not 
 
 good, 
 And some in time of great distresse unto their 
 
 tackle stood. 
 Sometime a flaw of wind blowes maister ore the 
 
 hatch, 
 And boy from toppe comes tumbling downe, and at 
 
 a cord doth catch
 
 XX INTRODUCTION 
 
 To save his sillie life, aloofe then cries my mates; 
 No[w] neerer shore the ship she tacks, and on the 
 
 sand she grates. 
 
 And plying for a boorde, about the vessell goes; 
 And through the shroudes and clouted sayles a gale 
 
 of winde there bloes, 
 That seemes to shake the barke in sunder every 
 
 ribbe; 
 Then is no time to heave the can; to crie, 'Carous 
 
 and bibbe ' : 
 
 But each man to his worke they fall and flie apace. 
 In necke of this a man of warre that seekes to give 
 
 the chace : 
 They spie in half a kenne : ' Up souldyoures ho in 
 
 hast,' 
 The captayne calls; yet under hatch a sort of them 
 
 are plast, 
 To beate the enmie out that should the shippe 
 
 assayle; 
 At length the cannon-bullet flyes, and shotte as 
 
 thicke as hayle 
 Goes off to murther men; and such a smoke doth 
 
 rise, 
 As few may well regard the seas, or scarce behold 
 
 the skyes. 
 
 These brawles and bloudy broyles to end or quiet 
 
 brought, 
 Anew beginnes, as yll a storme, that troubles more 
 
 their thought. 
 The rockes and wretched streights that they must 
 
 safely passe, 
 The narrow creekes, and doubts they find in com- 
 
 passe of their glasse, 
 Is daunger wonders great, so that these saylers 
 
 toyle
 
 INTRODUCTION XXI 
 
 Rests all on hazards, eare they come to any cer 
 tayne soyle. 
 
 When the ' certayne soyle ' was reached at last, and 
 the attempt to settle it was seriously made, a new 
 period in the relations of England and America 
 began. The formation of the Virginia Company 
 in 1606 marks the date of its opening. The change 
 is illustrated by the third and fourth of the ballads in 
 this collection. ' News from Virginia ' was appar- 
 ently published during the latter part of 1610. It 
 narrates the unhappy voyage of Sir George Somers, 
 who set sail from England in the ship Sea Venture 
 on June ist, 1609, was wrecked on one of the Ber- 
 mudas, and after ten months stay there, reached 
 Virginia in June, I6IO. 1 ' London's Lottery ' is a 
 ballad of a different nature in part an exhortation to 
 the work of founding a colony in Virginia, in part an 
 advertisement in verse of a scheme for raising funds 
 for the purpose, which was set on foot in 1612. A 
 prose pamphlet relating to the lottery, published about 
 the same time, has perished, but a broadside relating 
 to a second lottery for the same purpose, published in 
 1615, is in the possession of the Society of Anti- 
 quaries, and has been reproduced. 2 An account of 
 the lottery referred to in the ballad, which began on 
 June 29, and ended on July 20, 1612, is given by 
 Howes in his continuation of Stow's ' Chronicle ' 3 : 
 
 1 See Brown, Genesis of the United States, I, 420, 495 ; Purchas 
 His Pilgrims, XIX, 5 ed., 1900. 
 
 2 Brown, II, 570, 760. 3 Stow, Chronicle, ed. 1631, p. 1002.
 
 XX11 INTRODUCTION 
 
 The Kings Majestic in special! favour for the 
 present plantation of English Collpnies in Virginia, 
 graunted a liberall Lottery, in which was contained 
 five thousand pounds in prizes certaine, besides re- 
 wardes of casualtie, and began to be drawne, in a new 
 built house at the West end of Pauls, the 29 of June 
 1612. Out of which Lottery for want of filling up 
 the number of lots, there were then taken out and 
 throwne away three score thousand blankes, without 
 abating of any one prize : and by the twentieth of 
 July, all was drawne and finished. This Lottery was 
 so plainly carried and honestly performed, that it gave 
 full satisfaction to all persons, Thomas Sharplisse a 
 Taylor of London, had the chiefe prize, viz foure 
 thousand Crownes in fayre plate, which was sent to 
 his house in very stately manner : during the whole 
 tyme of the drawing of the Lottery there were 
 alwayes present divers worshipfull Knights and 
 Esquires, accompanied with sundry grave discreete 
 Citizens. 
 
 In these two, as in the other ballads, the interest 
 and the instruction lie not in the facts recorded, but 
 in the revelation of the ideas of the writer and the 
 audience. The motive appealed to is no longer the 
 love of adventure or the fascination of finding out 
 new lands, and though the desire for gain is incident- 
 ally utilised, it is subordinated to a very different aim. 
 That aim is clearly defined in both ballads : it is the 
 same in both. 
 
 We hope to plant a nation 
 
 Where none before hath stood. 
 
 It is to plant a Kingdom sure 
 Where savage people dwell.
 
 INTRODUCTION XX111 
 
 To plant that land in government, 
 Which never was before. 
 
 In short, the 'ancient, primitive, and heroical work' 
 of plantation, as Bacon calls it, is throughout pro- 
 claimed. One of the inducements to the settlement 
 of Virginia is an historical parallel often employed 
 in prose and verse the parallel between England as 
 it was when Cresar came and the barbarous land 
 which is to be planted. 
 
 Who knowes not England once was like 
 
 A Wilderness and savage place, 
 Till government and use of men 
 
 That wildness did deface : 
 And so Virginia may in time, 
 
 Be made like England now; 
 Where long-lov'd peace and plenty both 
 
 Sits smiling on her brow. 
 
 Thomas Hariot, in his ' Briefe and true Report of 
 the New found land of Virginia,' reinforced the 
 argument by adding pictures representing the ancient 
 Britons after those representing the Indians, and ex- 
 plained : ' The Painter of whom I have had the first 
 of the Inhabitants of Virginia, gave mee allso thees 
 5 Figures following, fownd as he did assure me in 
 a old English cronicle, the which I wold well sett to 
 the ende of thees first Figures, for to showe how that 
 the Inhabitants of the great Brettannie have bin in 
 times past as savage as those of Virginia.' 1 Just as 
 William Pitt, in his speech on the Slave Trade, in 
 1 Pp. 12, 17, 19.
 
 XXIV INTRODUCTION 
 
 1792, based on the barbarism and slavery of the 
 ancient Britons an argument for the freedom and 
 civilisation of the Africans, so the same contrast was 
 employed nearly two centuries earlier, and the ulti- 
 mate civilisation of the Indians was put forward as an 
 incentive to colonisation, in prose pamphlets their 
 conversion was often spoken of. The savages were 
 to be ' brought from falsehood to truth, from dark- 
 ness to light, from the highway of death to the path 
 of life, from superstitious idolatry to sincere Christi- 
 anity, from the devil to Christ.' 1 As we shall see, one 
 of the later ballads in the ' Garland ' illustrates this 
 motive. 
 
 It was, however, in a different way that religion 
 promoted the colonising of America. As Mr. Doyle 
 observes : ' Of the religious movements which Eng- 
 land in the Seventeenth century brought forth, three 
 have left abiding traces in colonial history.' 2 The 
 Congregationalists, the Baptists, and the Quakers 
 each played their part in the task of colonisation, and 
 each in a different portion of the field. 
 
 There are five ballads relating to this aspect 
 of colonial history, and all are hostile to the Puri- 
 tans. Two deal with the great emigration to 
 New England between 1630 and 1640. That en- 
 titled ' The Zealous Puritan ' is probably wrongly 
 named. On March 20th, 1637-8, Thomas Lambert 
 
 1 Doyle, The English in America. I, 17. 
 
 3 The English in America. The Middle Colonies, p. 363.
 
 INTRODUCTION XXV 
 
 registered a ballad entitled ' A Friendly Invitation to 
 a New Plantation,' a title which precisely describes 
 the contents and character of the verses referred to 
 above. 1 The title was doubtless altered in 1662 to 
 make the ballad a better introduction to the general 
 collection of satirical verses against the Puritans in 
 which it survives. The ' Summons to New England ' 
 belongs to much the same date : after 1638 the 
 troubles in Scotland absorbed public attention, and 
 New England was for a time forgotten. Both bal- 
 lads emphasise the desire of the emigrants to separate 
 themselves from the wicked and superstitious, and 
 build in a new country a purer Church. 
 
 In 1643, when the next ballad was written, the 
 Civil War was going against the Parliamentary 
 cause : during the summer the King's forces con- 
 quered most of the west and the north of England : 
 Hull and Gloucester were besieged, and though 
 neither fell, the possibility of the King's victory 
 spread alarm amongst timid Parliamentarians. Some 
 of them, according to the Royalist newspapers, began 
 to think of making their escape from the country 
 and to pack up their portable treasures for flight. 
 On October 8th, 1643, Mercurius Aulicus reported 
 that there was a great ship in the Downs, laden with 
 chests and money destined for New England. 'And 
 doubtless 'tis time the Brethren think of some other 
 England.' On November 6th the same newspaper, 
 
 1 Arber, Stationers' Register, IV, 387.
 
 XXVI INTRODUCTION 
 
 noticing the passage of the ordinance for the Govern- 
 ment of the Islands and Plantations, explained that 
 the great work the Commissioners named in the 
 ordinance were to take in hand was to provide a 
 secure and convenient place whither the members, 
 when the plot fails, may speedily retreat. These 
 were the reports which inspired the song announcing 
 that New England was preparing to entertain King 
 Pym, and bidding the Roundheads pack their plunder 
 and hoist sail for their voyage. 
 
 ' The West Country Man's Voyage to New Eng- 
 land ' is from the ' Merry Drollery,' a song book first 
 printed in I66I 1 ; as Dorchester was one of the oldest 
 towns in Massachusetts, it may have been written 
 twenty years or more before the date of its publica- 
 tion. The fifth of these Anti-Puritan ballads ' The 
 Quakers' Farewell to England ' was published in 
 1675, when the settlement of the Jersies was begin- 
 ning, and the emigration which then commenced 
 continued for several years. The emigrants came 
 largely from Yorkshire and the North Midlands. On 
 July I7th, 1677, Sir John Reresby wrote to Lord 
 Danby saying, ' Many of these Ouaquers and other 
 dissenters, inhabitants about Sheffield and the adjoin- 
 ing parts of Nottinghamshire and Darbyshire, have 
 lately gone, and are every day as yet going, by the 
 way of Hull to transport themselves to an Island in 
 America called West Jarsey, and are dayly followed 
 
 1 Reprinted by Mr. J. W. Ebsworth, Lincoln, 1875 (p. 275).
 
 INTRODUCTION XXVii 
 
 by others upon the same design.' In a second letter, 
 dated November 20th, he added : ' The principal! of 
 them are sectaries, but the rest able servants and 
 labourers, engaged many of them by the undertakers 
 without their masters or parents consent.' 1 
 
 Another ballad, the ' Valiant Soldier's Farewell to 
 his Love,' or 'The Voyage to Virginia,' although 
 one copy of it is dated 1685, probably refers to a 
 political event which happened nine years earlier. 
 The rebellion in Virginia, headed by Nathaniel 
 Bacon, broke out in 1676. In October, 1767, a 
 regiment was formed for service in Virginia, by 
 drafts from the Guards, the Admiral's and the Hol- 
 land regiment, and by taking some men from the 
 garrison companies. Captain Herbert Jeffrey, of 
 the Guards, was appointed its Colonel. The regi- 
 ment, or at least the companies taken from the 
 Guards, returned to England early in 1678. 2 There 
 is no evidence that English troops were sent to Vir- 
 ginia at any other date before 1685, and there was 
 no reason for sending any in 1685. 
 
 The ballad entitled ' The Maydens of London's 
 Brave Adventure ' is difficult to date with precision. 
 It probably belongs to the period of the Protectorate. 
 The reference to the possible interception of the 
 maidens by the Spaniards clearly shows that it was 
 
 1 See for the whole letters American Historical Review, II, 472. 
 
 2 Mackinnon, History of the Coldstream Guards, I, 156, 159 ; 
 Dalton, English Army Lists, I, 186.
 
 XXV111 INTRODUCTION 
 
 written when England and Spain were at war, that 
 is, between 1655 and 1660. This emigration was 
 probably a forced rather than a voluntary enterprise. 
 The Puritan rulers of London had no hesitation in 
 deporting suspected evil livers, male or female, to 
 the colonies. In September, 1653, a ballad was pub- 
 lished entitled ' A total Rout, or a brief Discovery of 
 a Pack of Knaves and Drabs,' which anticipated the 
 arrest of all the thieves and gamblers about London. 
 Their female companions were to share their fate : 
 The Turnbull whores cry they are undone, 
 And must to Virginia pack one by one, 
 And in truth they'll enrich that beggarly nation, 
 For never such planters came to a plantation. 1 
 
 During 1655 and 1659, after the Major-Generals 
 were instituted, activity against these classes of 
 offenders increased, 2 especially when Jamaica needed 
 servants as well as Virginia. 
 
 Two of the ballads illustrate the social and econo- 
 mic history of Virginia, and several other colonies, 
 too. In the seventeenth century emigration in the 
 case of the labouring classes was usually conducted 
 under a system of contract. The emigrant under- 
 took to work for a certain number of years on condi- 
 tions stated in an indenture. When this was drawn 
 previous to the departure of the servant from Eng- 
 land, it named, as the consideration for the right to 
 his labour, payment of the cost of transportation, 
 
 1 Wright, Political Ballads, p. 31. 
 
 2 Cf. Middlesex Records, III, 247, 292.
 
 INTRODUCTION XXIX 
 
 a sufficient quantity of drink, food, and clothing 
 during the continuation of the term, together with 
 lodgings and whatever else was thought to be essen- 
 tial to his livelihood. The development of this 
 system of ' indented servants ' is carefully traced in 
 Mr. P. A. Bruce's ' Economic History of Virginia 
 during the Seventeenth Century.' He points out the 
 abuses which were incidental to it in spite of all 
 legislative efforts to prevent them. These abuses 
 are the subject of the two ballads. ' The Trappan'd 
 Maiden ' complains not so much of the deceit by 
 which she was entrapped, as of the hardships she 
 suffered after she came to Virginia the insufficient 
 food and clothing, and the severity of the labour 
 exacted from her by her harsh mistress. The laws 
 of the colony provided some redress if the servant 
 was not allowed sufficient food, clothing, and shelter, 
 or was punished with undue harshness. In one case 
 a woman who had proved herself a cruel mistress was 
 forbidden to have servants in her employment in 
 future. 1 Nevertheless, friendless servants must have 
 found it difficult to secure redress, and it is clear that 
 there was some suffering and some oppression. 
 
 There was, however, one wrong for which there 
 was no adequate redress provided the case of the 
 servant who had been kidnapped or ' trepanned,' and 
 was shipped to Virginia against his will. There were 
 
 1 J. C. Ballagh, White Servitude in the Colony of Virginia 
 (Johns Hopkins University Studies), 1895, p. 41.
 
 XXX INTRODUCTION 
 
 many such, of both sexes, and children were particu- 
 larly exposed to this form of wrong. The trade was 
 profitable, for ' a servant might be transported at a 
 cost of from 6 to 8 and sold for 40 or 60.' 
 Kidnapping was so frequent that on May gth, 1645, 
 the Long Parliament passed an ordinance against 
 it, stating ' that divers lewd persons do go up and 
 down the city of London and elsewhere, and in a most 
 barbarous manner steal away many little children,' 
 and ordering that all such persons should be punished, 
 and that ships should be officially searched to re- 
 lease the victims. The kidnappers were known as 
 ' spirits,' and the phrase to ' spirit away ' a person 
 came into the English language to describe their 
 work. For a generation after the ordinance of 1645 
 to accuse a person of being ' a spirit ' was a certain 
 way to raise a riot in the poorer quarters of London. 
 As the practice was not effectively suppressed by the 
 ordinance referred to, a registry office was estab- 
 lished in 1665, where all persons transported as ser- 
 vants were to be registered under heavy fines, and 
 in 1670 death without benefit of clergy was made the 
 penalty for kidnappers. Probably these measures 
 put a stop to the practice of kidnapping on any con- 
 siderable scale, but there were certainly a number of 
 cases later, 1 and the memory of the practice lingered 
 in the minds of the people, inspired ballads such as 
 those printed here, and furnished incidents for popu- 
 
 1 See Middlesex Records, ITT, ix, and IV, xli-xlvii.
 
 INTRODUCTION XXXI 
 
 lar romances. In Defoe's ' Colonel Jack/ published 
 in 1722, the hero and four other young men, deserters 
 from a regiment in Scotland, are inveigled on board 
 a vessel at Newcastle and shipped to serve in Vir- 
 ginia. In ' The Voyages of Captain Robert Boyle,' 
 published in 1728, and usually attributed to W. R. 
 Chetwood, the hero is sent by his wicked uncle with 
 a message to a ship captain at Gravesend and finds 
 himself on his way to Charleston as a slave. James 
 Annesley, whose case created so much popular excite-' 
 ment in 1743, asserted that he had been kidnapped 
 in this way by his uncle, in order that the uncle might 
 enjoy his title and estates, and after a trial lasting 
 seventeen days, obtained a verdict in favour of his 
 claim. His story was made into a romance called 
 ' Memoirs of an unfortunate young Noblerrtan re- 
 turned from a thirteen Years Slavery in America.' 1 
 The case of Peter Williamson is still more remark- 
 able; after being kidnapped at Aberdeen about 1740, 
 he returned to England and published in 1758 an 
 autobiography entitled ' French and Indian Cruelty 
 exemplified in the Life and Various Vicissitudes of 
 Peter Williamson . . . with a curious Discourse on 
 Kidnapping.' Charged with libelling the Corpora- 
 tion of Aberdeen, whom he accused of being con- 
 cerned in the trade, he obtained one verdict against 
 the Corporation, and another against the kidnappers. 2 
 
 1 i2mo, London, 1743. The scene of the young nobleman's 
 slavery is in this case Pennsylvania, not Virginia, pp. 56-139. 
 
 2 Williamson's narrative suggested R. L. Stevenson's Kidnapped.
 
 XXX11 INTRODUCTION 
 
 A much larger class of involuntary emigrants con- 
 sisted of persons transported by order of the English 
 Government. Some of them were captives or poli- 
 tical offenders. A number of the Scottish prisoners 
 captured by Cromwell at Dunbar were transported to 
 New England, others, then and later, to the West 
 Indian Islands; Royalist prisoners, to the number of 
 seventy or eighty, taken after the rising in the West 
 of England in 1655, were sent to Barbados. In 1685 
 about eight hundred of Monmouth's followers were 
 sentenced to servitude for a term of ten years, some 
 like John Coad in Jamaica, others like Henry Pitman 
 in Barbados. Six or seven hundred of the Scots 
 taken prisoners at Preston in the Jacobite rising of 
 1715 were transported to the colonies, many, accord- 
 ing to Defoe's ' Colonel Jack,' to Virginia. 1 But it 
 is difficult to ascertain the numbers sent to any par- 
 ticular colony, first because the sentence condemning 
 a person to transportation frequently omits to define 
 the place, and secondly because Virginia was loosely 
 used to signify the American or West Indian colonies 
 in general. 3 Another class of persons transported 
 
 1 See English Historical Review, 1889, p. 335 ; and Bruce, 
 I, 608-12. 
 
 2 ' The word " Virginia," used in the English records of this 
 age as representing the point of destination for shipments of 
 various kinds from England, was often intended to cover the West 
 Indies also ' Bruce, I, 610, referring to the period of the Protec- 
 torate. ' Maryland is Virginia, speaking of them at a distance,' 
 says Defoe, Colonel Jack, p. 193. Phrases such as ' Versus Vir- 
 giniae insulam ' occur in records, Middlesex Records, III, 337-
 
 INTRODUCTION XXX111 
 
 were religious offenders. By the Conventicle Act of 
 1664 a person arrested for attending a conventicle 
 might on the third offence be transported to any of 
 the King's colonies (Virginia and New England 
 excepted) for a term of seven years, and numbers of 
 men and women too poor to escape by paying a fine 
 were during the reign of Charles II sent to Jamaica 
 or Barbados. 1 Still more numerous were the ordinary 
 criminals whose sentences were commuted to trans- 
 portation, and the vagrants of whom magistrates 
 sought to relieve the community at the expense of 
 the colonies. The Government of Virginia protested 
 against being made a receptacle for such ' base and 
 lewd ' persons, passed an Act in 1670 against their 
 introduction, and succeeded in enforcing their exclu- 
 sion for nearly fifty years. But in 1717 the Govern- 
 ment of George I passed an Act for the transporta- 
 tion of criminals which over-rode the colonial law, 
 and between that date and the beginning of the 
 American Revolution 2 some thousands of felons must 
 have been transported. 
 
 The novelists and the dramatists of the eighteenth 
 century occasionally treat of the adventures of a 
 criminal transported to the colonies for instance, 
 Defoe in ' Moll Flanders ' (1721) and Gay in ' Polly ' 
 (1729). Another story of the same kind is told in 
 ' The Fortunate Transport; or the Secret History of 
 
 1 Middlesex Records, III, xxiii, 341 ; IV, Iviii. 
 ~ Bruce, I, 605 ; Ballogh, p. 37.
 
 XXXIV INTRODUCTION 
 
 the Life and Adventures of the celebrated Polly 
 Haycock.' This was also the subject of a carica- 
 ture, published about 1741, representing in various 
 stages the life of the heroine mentioned. 1 On the 
 other hand, the ballad writers, so far as it is possible 
 to generalise from the surviving examples of their 
 productions, took less interest in the fate of sufferers 
 of this kind than they had done in the seventeenth 
 century when the system of transportation began. 
 It had lost its novelty. Sometimes, however, a 
 situation arising from it might be utilised for the 
 sake of the sentimental value it possessed. ' The 
 Betray 'd Maiden,' for instance, which was printed 
 early in the nineteenth century, is an eighteenth cen- 
 tury ballad, modelled perhaps on some seventeenth 
 century one. ' The Lads of Virginia ' is another 
 eighteenth century ballad, though, as in the previous 
 case, a corrupt nineteenth century reprint seems to 
 be the only version in existence. The American 
 Revolution put an end to transporting criminals to 
 America. Botany Bay and Van Dieman's Land 
 filled their place, and English ballads and street 
 songs of the early nineteenth century are full of 
 lamentations over the sufferings of the country 
 poacher or the London prentices condemned by the 
 law to transportation for some comparatively trifling 
 misdemeanour or felony. 
 
 1 British Museum Catalogue of Satirical Prints, Vol. Ill, 
 Number 2511.
 
 INTRODUCTION XXXV 
 
 Come all you gallant poachers that ramble void of 
 care, 
 
 That walk out on a moonlight night with dog and 
 gun and snare, 
 
 The hare and lofty pheasant you have at your com- 
 mand. 
 
 Not thinking of your last career upon Van Die- 
 man's Land. 
 
 The first day that we landed upon that fatal shore, 
 The planters they came round us, there might be 
 
 twenty score, 
 They ranked us up like horses and sold us out of 
 
 hand, 
 They yoked us to their ploughs, my boys, to plough 
 
 Van Dieman's Land. 1 
 
 There are many others of the same kind which 
 illustrate the persistency of subject and form which 
 is one of the characteristics of ballad literature. 
 
 To return to the eighteenth century ballads re- 
 printed in this ' Garland.' There is one which illus- 
 trates incidentally both the political and religious 
 history of the American colonies, namely, ' The Four 
 Indian Kings.' It is connected with the conflict 
 between France and England in America. In that 
 conflict the Five Nations of the Iroquois were allies 
 whom English colonial governors were anxious to 
 gain, and eventually secured. Of these tribes, the 
 Mohawks were the nearest neighbours of the English 
 and their best friends. In Queen Anne's reign five 
 
 1 Van Dieman's Land. Printed and sold by John Gilbert, Royal 
 Arcade, Newcastle.
 
 XXXVI INTRODUCTION 
 
 Mohawk chiefs were brought to England by Colonel 
 Schuyler of New York, ' in order,' says Parkman, 
 ' to impress them with the might and majesty of the 
 Queen and so dispose them to hold fast to the British 
 cause.' One died on the way; the rest, on April 
 iQth, 1710, were presented to Queen Anne. A 
 narrative of their audience is given in a pamphlet 
 entitled ' The Four Kings of Canada, being a suc- 
 cinct account of the four Indian Princes lately 
 arrived from America.' 1 'They were introduced,' 
 says the pamphlet, ' with the usual ceremonies due 
 to sovereign heads and their ambassadors,' and 
 prayed the Queen to protect them against the French 
 and to drive them out of Canada. According to 
 Parkman, ' Their presence, and the speech made in 
 their name before the court, seem to have had no 
 small effect in drawing attention towards the war in 
 America, and inclining the Government towards the 
 proposals ' for an attack on the French dominions 
 which were then before it. 2 The conquest of Port 
 Royal and the permanent addition of Acadia to the 
 British possessions were thus in a way the result of 
 their visit. 
 
 It left its traces in English literature, too. Steele 
 devoted part of a number of the Toiler to them, 3 
 
 1 Printed by John Baker, 1710; reprinted by J. E. Garratt and 
 Co., London, 1891. 
 
 2 Parkman, Half a Century of Conflict, I, 142, ed. 1892. 
 
 3 No. 171, May I3th, 1710.
 
 INTRODUCTION XXXV11 
 
 Addison a whole number of the Spectator, 1 and the 
 suggestion lor both papers came from Swift. ' The 
 Spectator,' Swift informed Stella, 'is written by 
 Steele with Addison's help; 'tis often very pretty. 
 Yesterday it was made of a noble hint I gave him 
 long ago for his Tatlers, about an Indian supposed 
 to write his travels into England. I repent he ever 
 had it. I intended to have written a book on that 
 subject. I believe he has spent it all in one paper, 
 and all the under hints there are mine too.' 2 
 
 Addison for it was not Steele who was the author 
 of the number of the Spectator referred to pro- 
 fessed to have found a little bundle of papers left by 
 one of the Indian Kings in his lodgings in Covent 
 Garden containing ' abundance of very odd observa- 
 tions ' made by the four during their stay in Great 
 Britain. Under this mask he gently satirised Eng- 
 lish politics and manners. Addison's Indian Kings 
 admired the English ladies from a distance : they 
 were dazzled by their beauty, amazed by their hair 
 dressing, and puzzled by their patches. ' As for the 
 Women of the Country, not being able to talk with 
 them, we could only make our remarks upon them 
 at a distance. They let the Hair of their Heads grow 
 to a great Length : but as the Men make a great 
 Show with Heads of Hair that are none of their own, 
 the Women, who they say have very fine Heads of 
 Hair, tie it up in a Knot, and cover it from being 
 
 1 No. 50, April 27th, 1711. 2 Journal to Stella, 28th April, 1711.
 
 XXXV111 INTRODUCTION 
 
 seen. The Women look like Angels, and would be 
 more beautiful than the Sun, were it not for little 
 black Spots that are apt to break out in their Faces, 
 and sometimes rise in very odd Figures. I have ob- 
 served that those little Blemishes wear off very soon; 
 but when they disappear in one Part of the Face, they 
 are very apt to break out in another, insomuch that I 
 have seen a Spot upon the Forehead in the After- 
 noon, which was upon the Chin in the Morning.' 
 
 In the ballad the youngest of the Kings is smitten 
 with love for an English lady, and finds no difficulty 
 in expressing his passion to her, with the assistance 
 of an interpreter. It is hinted that his suit would 
 have been favourably received but for a single 
 obstacle. The Kings, according to the contem- 
 porary pamphlet, were not uncomely, and were mag- 
 nificently dressed. ' As to the Persons of these 
 Princes, they are well form'd, being of a Stature 
 neither too high nor too low, but all within an Inch 
 or two of Six Foot : their Habits are robust, and 
 their Limbs muscular and well shap'd; they are of 
 brown Complexions, their Hair black and long, their 
 Visages are very awful and majestick, and their 
 Features regular enough, though something of the 
 austere and sullen; and the Marks with which they 
 disfigure their Faces, do not seem to carry so much 
 Terror as Regard with them. The Garments they 
 wear, are black Wastcoats, Breeches, and Stockings, 
 with yellow Slippers, and a loose scarlet mantle cast
 
 INTRODUCTION XXxix 
 
 over them, bound with a Gold Galloon; their hair ty'd 
 short up, and a Cap something of the Nature of a 
 Turbant upon their heads.' 
 
 The four Kings also showed a marked inclination 
 to adopt English manners. ' They are generally 
 affable to all that come to see them, and will not 
 refuse a Glass of Brandy or strong Liquors from any 
 hands that offer it ... They feed heartily, and love 
 our English Beef before all other Victuals that are 
 provided for 'em; of which they have Variety at the 
 Charge of the Publick, with the best of Wines; but 
 they seem to relish our fine pale Ales before the best 
 French Wines from Burgundy or Champagne.' 
 
 The one obstacle was their religion, but even on 
 that point they were compliant, and held out hopes 
 of being converted. In their address to Queen Anne 
 they said : ' Since we have been in Alliance with our 
 Great Queen's Children, we have had some know- 
 ledge of the Saviour of the World, and have often 
 been importun'd by the French, both by the Insinua- 
 tions of their Priests, and by Presents, to come over 
 to their Interest; but have always esteem'd them 
 Men of Falsehood. But if our Great Queen will be 
 pleas'd to send over some Persons to instruct us, 
 they shall find a most hearty Welcome.' 1 
 
 For the young lady in the ballad, who after all was 
 asked to contract a more intimate alliance than the 
 English Government, these vague promises were not 
 
 1 The Four Kings of Canada.
 
 xl INTRODUCTION 
 
 sufficient. Nothing short of the instantaneous con- 
 version of the youngest King would secure her 
 consent. Here the fictitious story told by the writer 
 of the ballad again illustrates actual facts. When the 
 ballad was written an attempt to convert the Iroquois 
 to Christianity was in progress, and the writer meant 
 to secure popular support for it. About 1698 Lord 
 Bellamont, then Governor of New York and Massa- 
 chusetts, applied to the English Government and the 
 New England Company to provide ministers to 
 instruct the Iroquois, and two missionaries were sent 
 to them by the Society for the Propagation of the 
 Gospel in 1705, but their operations appear to have 
 been confined to the Indians settled within the Eng- 
 lish borders. Those outside were left untouched. 
 Cotton Mather in 1710 pressed their needs upon Sir 
 William Ashurst. ' Let the gentlemen of the New 
 Society (i.e. the Society for the Propagation of the 
 Gospel founded in 1701) be prevailed withal, to send 
 a missionary or two, for the Christianising of the 
 Iroquois Indians, whose princes (as they were fabu- 
 lously called) appearing among you, made so much 
 noise the other day, on your side the water.' ' The 
 objects,' he added, ' are without the bounds of New 
 England,' and therefore beyond the sphere of the 
 older corporation for propagating the Gospel among 
 the Indians in New England. 1 
 
 1 See Some Correspondence between the Governors and Trea- 
 surers of the New England Company in London and the Commis-
 
 INTRODUCTION xli 
 
 Last of all in this ' Garland ' are five ballads deal- 
 ing with the final episodes in the conflict between 
 England and France for America, namely, the con- 
 quest of Canada. As it is very unusual to get so 
 many ballads on one theme, and as a comparison be- 
 tween them is of some interest, it seemed desirable 
 to include them all rather than to select the best. 
 There are two ballads of the ordinary narrative type : 
 ' The Siege of Quebec ' and ' Wolfe and Saunders.' 
 I think there is little doubt that the first was written 
 at the time and written by someone who took part 
 in the fighting. It resembles, and it was perhaps 
 inspired by, the contemporary ballad on the battle of 
 La Hogue, which Macaulay pronounced ' one of the 
 best specimens of English street poetry.' 1 ' Wolfe 
 and Saunders ' is a more commonplace and less vivid 
 rendering of the same subject, probably written in 
 England a few months later by someone who de- 
 scribed the battle from hearsay. There are next two 
 laments for Wolfe : ' Britain in Tears ' and ' Death 
 of General Wolfe.' The first is a genuine street 
 song, expressing with simplicity the feeling of the 
 people at the news of Wolfe's death, and concluding 
 in the spirit of 'Chevy Chase' with the confident hope 
 that others ' good as he ' survive ' to curb Great 
 
 sioners of the United Colonies in America, &c. London, 1899, 
 pp. xiii, 91. 
 
 1 History of England, p. 2190; cf. Naval Songs and Ballads, 
 ed. C. H. Firth.
 
 xlii INTRODUCTION 
 
 Britain's enemies.' The second is a purely literary 
 production, forming with its mythological machinery 
 and artificial rhetoric a complete contrast to the 
 simple verses and natural dictum of the street poet. 
 It is attributed to the pen of Tom Paine, and is repre- 
 sented in his works, 1 but it was also very popular as 
 a broadside. The fifth ballad, ' Bold General Wolfe,' 
 is also sometimes entitled ' The Death of General 
 Wolfe.' It is the most interesting of them all, for 
 it is still to be heard in many parts of the country. 
 'This is a very popular song throughout England,' 
 says a recent collector of folk-songs. ' The words 
 vary somewhat in different singers' mouths, but the 
 melody hardly varies at all.' 2 There are many broad- 
 side versions, all printed by nineteenth century 
 printers, varying slightly in the words, but less than 
 the traditional versions do. The ballad was pro- 
 bably composed a generation or so after Wolfe's 
 death, when he had become a legendary hero 
 amongst the British people. 
 
 It will be observed that all the ballads included in 
 this collection were printed in England. The ques- 
 tion which naturally suggests itself is whether similar 
 ballads were not produced in the American colonies 
 themselves, and printed there. There is evidence 
 
 1 Conway, Works of Tom Paine. 
 
 3 A Garland of Country Song, collected and arranged by S. 
 Baring Gould and H. Fleetwood Sheppard, 1895, p. 15. See also 
 Journal of the Folk-Song Society, Vol. I, p. 107.
 
 INTRODUCTION xliii 
 
 that ballads were popular amongst the colonists in 
 the eighteenth century. 
 
 On September 27th, 1713, Cotton Mather made the 
 following entry in his diary : ' I am informed that 
 the Minds and Manners of many People about the 
 Country are much corrupted by foolish Songs and 
 Ballads, which the Hawkers and Pedlars carry into 
 all parts of the Countrey. By way of Antidote, I 
 would procure poetical Composures full of Piety, and 
 such as may have a Tendency to advance Truth and 
 Goodness, to be published and scattered into all 
 Corners of the Land. There may be an Extract of 
 some, from the excellent Watts's Hymns.' 1 
 
 What were the ballads to which Cotton Mather 
 refers ? Unluckily he mentions no names. A certain 
 number of old legendary and romantic ballads were 
 handed down by tradition amongst the country 
 people of North Carolina and New England. Some 
 examples of them may be found in the monumental 
 collection of Professor Child. 2 They include ver- 
 sions of ' Sir Andrew Barton,' ' The Wife of Usher's 
 Well,' ' Lamkin,' and others. However, it is not 
 likely that Mather referred to ballads of this nature. 
 The ' foolish songs ' were no doubt convivial and 
 amatory ditties once popular in England, which the 
 
 1 Diary of Cotton Mather, Massachusetts Historical Society, 
 1912, II, 242. Dr. Watts had sent Mather in 1711 a new edition 
 of his Hymns, ib. II, 142. 
 
 J F. J. Child, English and Scottish Popular Ballads, III, 494; 
 IV, 72 ; V, 293-6, 302.
 
 xliv INTRODUCTION 
 
 fathers or grandfathers of those who sang them in 
 1707 had brought with them from home, or newer 
 songs of the same nature which sailors brought over, 
 or returned travellers introduced. Tunes popular in 
 England were not long in finding their way into the 
 colonies, at all events during the latter part of the 
 eighteenth century. Some of the ballads, too, must 
 have been imported in the same way, but others were 
 certainly native products. The oldest American his- 
 torical ballad is that on John Lovewell's fight with 
 the Indians in 1725, x which Parkman describes as 
 ' written when the event was fresh ' and ' long popu- 
 lar in New England.' There must have been others 
 of a similar kind about earlier incidents which attained 
 some local popularity, but have not survived because 
 they were not written down. Professor Tyler, in his 
 ' History of American Literature,' 3 refers to several. 
 
 During the entire colonial age, Americans lived 
 under some menace of harm, either from the Indians, 
 or from the French, or from both. Hence they lived 
 in a state of constant war, or of constant readiness for 
 war. As might be expected, the vehement martial 
 spirit engendered by such conditions, found voice and 
 stimulation in numerous war songs that made up at 
 least in ferocity for what they lacked in poetical 
 merit; while the most memorable incidents in all 
 these military campaigns were enacted over again in 
 
 1 Parkman, Half a Century of Conflict, I, 260, ed. 1892. 
 
 2 History of American Literature during the Colonial Time, II, 
 51, ed. 1897. Apparently only the titles of these ballads are known 
 (with the exception of ' Lovewell's Fight ').
 
 INTRODUCTION xv 
 
 rough popular ballads, such as ' The Gallant Church,' 
 'Smith's Affairs at Sidelong Hill,' 'The Godless 
 French Soldier,' and especially ' Lovewell's Fight.' 
 
 No one seems to have collected these earlier 
 eighteenth century productions; with the struggle 
 for the independence of the colonies we reach firmer 
 ground. Frank Moore's ' Songs and Ballads of the 
 American Revolution,' published in 1856, is a selec- 
 tion from the verse published by both parties during 
 the struggle, well chosen, well annotated, and 
 arranged in chronological order. ' Many of them,' 
 says the editor, ' are taken from the newspapers or 
 periodical issues of the times; others from original 
 ballad-sheets and broadsides; while some have been 
 recovered from the recollections of a few surviving 
 soldiers, who heard and sang them amid the trials of 
 the camp and field.' Sometimes their writers took 
 older ballads as their model. The author of the 
 ' New Song ' on the destruction of the tea in Boston 
 Harbour in 1773 imitated ' Hosier's Ghost ' and 
 adopted its tune. Major Andre, in ' The Cow 
 Chace,' was obviously inspired by 'Chevy Chase.' 
 Two songs which the naval victories of the Seven 
 Years' War had made popular, Garrick's ' Hearts of 
 Oak,' written in 1759, and ' Neptune's Resignation,' 
 which celebrated the victory of Hawke over Conflans 
 at Quiberon in the same year, were also imitated. 
 Five of the songs in Moore's collection are based on 
 ' Hearts of Oak '; John Dickinson's ' Liberty Song,'
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 is the first of the series, 1 but the best is that which 
 Mr. Moore calls 'The Massachusetts Liberty Song.' 
 Its chorus runs : 
 
 In freedom we're born, and, like sons of the brave, 
 
 We'll never surrender, 
 
 But swear to defend her, 
 And scorn to survive, if unable to save. 
 
 The imitations of ' Neptune's Resignation ' are 
 two in number, one celebrating Washington's vic- 
 tories at Trenton and Princeton, the other Clinton's 
 capture of Charleston in 1780. 2 Usually the first 
 step of the song writer was to select a tune familiar 
 to everybody to ensure that his composition should 
 be sung. Captain Smythe, of Simcoe's Rangers, 
 fitted his song on ' The Rebels ' to ' The Black Joke,' 
 while, on the other side, the author of the spirited 
 lyric called ' The Pennsylvania Song ' appropriated 
 the air of ' I winna marry ony lad but Sandy o'er the 
 lea,' 3 and one on the surrender of Cornwallis was 
 adapted to the air of ' Maggy Lauder.' Mixed with 
 these are some narrative ballads of the traditional 
 type. 'A Song for the Redcoats,' which is an 
 account of the defeat of Burgoyne, ' Brave Paulding 
 
 1 See Moore, pp. 36, 40, 44, 103, 253. ' Hearts of Oak ' had 
 been converted into a political song in England some years earlier. 
 See The Choice Spirits Chaplet, 1771, p. 175. 
 
 2 For the text of ' Neptune's Resignation see Naval Songs and 
 Ballads, p. 218 Navy Records Society, 1907. For the imitations 
 see Moore, pp. 156, 292. 
 
 3 Moore, pp. 90, 196, 367.
 
 INTRODUCTION xlvii 
 
 and the Spy,' which describes the arrest and execu- 
 tion of Major Andre, and the ' Descent on Middle- 
 sex,' which relates the sufferings of a prisoner taken 
 in a raid, are all three excellent examples of historical 
 ballads. I hope that some American student of bal- 
 lads will re-edit Mr. Moore's collection, for it requires 
 re-editing, and will supplement it by collecting earlier 
 ballads and songs of historical interest. 
 
 C. H. FIRTH. 
 OXFORD, 
 
 September, 1915.
 
 H Commendation of Ube Sdventerus Iflfaoe of 
 ZTbe TPdlurtbp Captain, 
 
 ZEbomae Stately JEsqu^er 
 
 and otbers 
 towards tbe Xand called Uerca Florida. 
 
 If Fortunes force procure 
 
 The valiant noble hart 
 In travail, pain and daungers great, 
 
 In warres to have his part; 
 
 If losse of goods insue, 
 Through valiant enterprise, 
 
 Or for slaknes, or the foresight, 
 Of diligent advise; 
 
 Yet of his wurthy praise 
 
 I can not speak tomiche, 
 Who ventreth bothe his goods and life 
 
 His contrey to enriche.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 The worldly wise doo muse, 
 
 And also doo invay 
 At noble harts, when that their welths 
 
 Doo fall unto decay. 
 
 As now of late I knew, 
 
 And saw the evidence, 
 Of one whose part it was to shew 
 
 The like experience. 
 
 A noble hart in deed, 
 
 And wurthy great renowne, 
 
 Whose fortune was not to remain 
 In Cittie nor in Towne. 
 
 A yong Eneas bolde, 
 
 With hart and courage stout, 
 Whose enterprise was only pight 
 
 Straunge things to bring about. 
 
 And though that all men seemd 
 
 His dooings to deride, 
 Yet this his fact he would not leve, 
 
 Nor throwe it so a side. 
 
 But stil he dooth procure 
 
 With boldned hart and minde 
 
 That thing whiche erst he had assayd 
 By travail now to finde.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 Into a land unknowne 
 To win hym wurthy fame, 
 
 As exequies and memory 
 Of his moste noble name ; 
 
 Whiche if it fall to his lot 
 With fortunes helping hand, 
 
 He may wel make a lawhing stock 
 Of them whiche him withstand. 
 
 Sume terme it Stolida, 
 
 And Sordida it name; 
 And to be plain, they doo it mock 
 
 As at a foolishe game. 
 
 If reasons sence be cause 
 
 Of this forespoken talke, 
 Or fayned folly be the ground 
 
 Why mennes tungs thus doo walke. 
 
 Then might it seem to me 
 The Frenches labour lost, 
 
 Their careful pain and travail eke 
 That they therein have cost, 
 
 The cronicles also, 
 
 Whiche only seem as trew, 
 And writ by them that of that place 
 
 Before did take the vew.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 The Spaniards eke doo shew, 
 
 And verify the same, 
 To be described as a thing 
 
 Deserving suche a name. 
 
 The Portingales doo say 
 
 The crownacles be just, 
 And all that travaild have that coste 
 
 The same confes it must. 
 
 If that in times before 
 
 Through talkes men have refraind, 
 Whiche for the love of travail sore 
 
 Their harts have long been paind. 
 
 Columbus, as I reed, 
 
 The space of many yeeres, 
 Was counted as unwise also, 
 
 As in writers appeeres. 
 
 His ernest sute denied, 
 
 Yet in the finall ende 
 His wurds and deeds did seem at length 
 
 On reason to depend. 
 
 The like assay in hand 
 
 He did at last procure, 
 Whose life and lucky viages 
 
 Good fortune did assure.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 At thend in savety home 
 
 At length he did retourn, 
 And quenched all their mocking harts, 
 
 Whiche erst did seem to burn. 
 
 For fire of force must needs 
 
 Declare his burning heat, 
 Though for a time in smothering smoke 
 
 It seemes itself to beat. 
 
 So talk of tungs may not 
 
 By smothering through be tame, 
 
 But bursting out at length wil turn 
 Into a firye flame. 
 
 And then, the mallice gon, 
 
 The fire falleth down 
 And quenched quite, as by this man, 
 
 Which was of great renowne. 
 
 Now, Stuetly, hoice thy sail, 
 
 Thy wisshed land to finde, 
 And never doo regard vain talke, 
 
 For wurds they are but winde. 
 
 And in reproof of all, 
 
 I wil not once refrain 
 With prayer for to wish that thou 
 
 Maist safely come again.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 And that sum frute at length 
 
 By travail thou maist finde, 
 With riches for to satisfy 
 
 Thy manly modest minde. 
 
 Qd. Robert Seall. 
 
 Imprinted at London at the long Shop adjoining unto 
 Saint Mildred's Churche in the Poultrie of John Aide.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 Ibave over the Mater to jf loriDa* 
 
 Have over the water to Floryda, 
 Farewell, gay Lundon, nowe; 
 
 Throwe long deles by land and sese 
 I am brawght, I cannot tell howe, 
 
 To Plymwoorthe towne, in a thredbare gowne, 
 And mony never (a) dele. 
 
 With hy ! wunnot a wallet do well ? 
 
 And as I walked towards poles, 
 
 I met a frend of myne 
 Who toke me by the hand and sayde 
 
 ' Cum drynk a pynt of wyne ; 
 Wher yow shall here suche news, I fere, 
 
 As yow abrode wyll compell.' 
 
 With hy! 
 
 ' Have yow not hard of Floryda, 
 
 A coontre far be west? 
 Wher savage pepell planted are 
 
 By nature and by hest, 
 Who in the mold fynd glysterynge gold, 
 
 And yt for tryfels sell, 
 
 With hy!
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 Ye, all alonge the water syde, 
 
 Where yt doth eb and flowe, 
 Are turkeyse found, and where also 
 
 Do perles in oysteres growe; 
 And on the land do cedars stand, 
 
 Whose bewty do excell. 
 
 With hy! tryksy trym, go tryksy, wunnot a 
 
 [wallet do well ?
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 Iftewee from Divcjinia 
 
 on tbe bappig arrival of TTbat jfamous ano WortbE 
 fmtgbt, Sir ttbomas (Bates, ano well reputeo 
 ano IDaliante Captain Newport, into Englano, 
 
 It is no idle fabulous tale, 
 
 Nor is it fayned newes, 
 For Truth herself is heere arriv'd, 
 
 Because you should not muse. 
 With her both Gates and Newport come, 
 
 To tell Report doth lye, 
 Which did divulge into the World, 
 
 That they at sea did dye. 
 
 'Tis true that eleaven months and more, 
 
 These gallant worthy wights 
 Was in the shipp Sea-Venture nam'd, 
 
 Deprived Virginia's sight : 
 And bravely did they glyde the maine 
 
 Till Neptune 'gan to frowne, 
 As if a courser proudly backt 
 
 Would Throw his ryder downe.
 
 10 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 The Seas did rage, the windes did blowe. 
 
 Distressed were they then; 
 Their shippe did leake, her tacklings breake, 
 
 In daunger were her men, 
 But heaven was pylott in this storme, 
 
 And to an Hand nere, 
 Bermoothawes called, conducted them, 
 
 Which did abate their feare. 
 
 But yet these worthies forced were 
 
 Opprest with weather againe, 
 To runne their ship between two rockes, 
 
 Where she doth still remaine; 
 And then on shoare the iland came 
 
 Inhabited by hogges, 
 Some Foule, and tortoyses there were, 
 
 They onley had one dogge 
 
 To kill these swyne to yield them foode 
 
 That little had to eate, 
 Their store was spent, and all things scant, 
 
 Alas ! they wanted meate. 
 A thousand hogges that dogge did kill, 
 
 Their hunger to sustaine, 
 And with such foode, did in that He 
 
 Two and forty weekes remaine,
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND n 
 
 And there two gallant pynases 
 
 Did build of Seader-tree 
 The brave Deliverance one was call'd 
 
 Of seaventy tonne was sheee, 
 The other, Patience had to name 
 
 Her burthen thirty tonne; 
 Two only of their men which there, 
 
 Pale death did overcome. 
 
 And for the losse of these two soules, 
 
 Which were accounted deere, 
 A sonne and daughter then was borne, 
 
 And were baptized there. 
 The two and forty weekes being past, 
 
 They hoyst sayle and away; 
 Their ships with hogs well freighted were, 
 
 Their harts with mickle joy. 
 
 And so to Virginia came, 
 
 Where these brave soldiers finde 
 The English-men opprest with griefs 
 
 And discontent in minde; 
 They seemed distracted and forlorne 
 
 For those two worthies' losse, 
 Yet at their home returne they joye'd, 
 
 Amongst them some were crosse,
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 And in the midst of discontent 
 
 Came noble De la Ware; 
 And heard the griefes on either part, 
 
 And sett them free from care : 
 He comforts them, and cheeres their hearts, 
 
 That they abound with joy; 
 He feedes them full, and feedes their soules, 
 
 With God's word every day. 
 
 A discreet counsell he creates 
 
 Of men of worthy fame, 
 That noble Gates, leiftenant was, 
 
 The admiral had to name; 
 The worthy Sir George Somers, Knight, 
 
 And others of command, 
 Maister George Pearcy, which is brother 
 
 Unto Northumberland, 
 
 Sir Fardinando Wayneman, Knight, 
 
 And others of good fame, 
 That noble Lord his company 
 
 Which to Virginia came, 
 And landed there his number was 
 
 One hundred seaventy; then 
 Ad to the rest, and they make full 
 
 Foure hundred able men.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 Where they unto their labour fall, 
 
 As men that mean to thrive ; 
 Let's pray that heaven may blesse them all 
 
 And keep them long alive; 
 Those men that vagrants liv'd with us, 
 
 Have there deserved well, 
 Their governour writes in their praise 
 
 As divers letters tel. 
 
 And to the adventurers thus he writes, 
 
 Be not dismayed at all, 
 For scandall cannot doe us wrong, 
 
 God will not let us fall. 
 Let England knowe our willingnesse, 
 
 For that our worke is good, 
 Wee hope to plant a nation, 
 
 Where none before hath stood. 
 
 To glorifie the Lord 'tis done, 
 
 And to no other end; 
 He that would crosse so good a worke, 
 
 To God can be no friend; 
 There is no feare of hunger here 
 
 For corne much store here growes, 
 Much fish the gallant rivers yield, 
 
 'Tis truth, without suppose.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 Great store of fowle, of venison, 
 
 Of Grapes and Mulberries, 
 Of chestnuts, walnuts and such like 
 
 Of fruits and strawberries, 
 There is indeed no want at all 
 
 But some, condicion'd ill, 
 That wish the worke should not goe on, 
 
 With words doe seeme to kill. 
 
 And for an instance of their store, 
 
 The noble De le Ware 
 Hath for a present hither sent, 
 
 To testifie his care 
 In managing so good a worke 
 
 Two gallant ships, by name 
 Tfie Blessing and the Hercules 
 
 Well fraught, and in the same 
 
 Two ships, are these commodities 
 
 Furres, sturgeon, caviare, 
 Black walnut-tree, and some deale boards, 
 
 With such they laden are; 
 Some pearle, some wainscot and clap bords, 
 
 With some sasafras wood, 
 And iron promis't for 'tis true 
 
 Their mynes are very good.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 Then maugre scandall, false report 
 
 Or any opposition, 
 TV adventurers doe thus devulge 
 
 To men of good condition, 
 That he that wants shall have reliefe 
 
 Be he of honeste minde, 
 Apparel, coyne, or anything, 
 
 To such they will be kinde, 
 
 To such as to Virginia 
 
 Do purpose to repaire; 
 And when that they shall hither come 
 
 Each man shall have his share, 
 Day wages for the laborer, 
 
 And for his more content, 
 A house and garden plot shall have 
 
 Besides 'tis further ment 
 
 That every man shall have a part 
 
 And not thereof denied 
 Of general profit, as if that he 
 
 Twelve pounds, ten shillings paid; 
 And he that in Virginia 
 
 Shall copper coyne receive, 
 For hyer, or commodities, 
 
 And will the country leave
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 Upon delivery of such coyne 
 
 Unto the Governour, 
 Shall by exchange, at his returne, 
 
 Be by their Treasurer 
 Paid him in London, at first sight, 
 
 No man shall cause to grieve 
 For 'tis their general will and wish 
 
 That every man shall live. 
 
 The number of adventurers, 
 
 That are for this plantation, 
 Are full eight hundred worthy men, 
 
 Some noble, all of fashion; 
 Good, discreete, their work is good, 
 
 May heaven assist them in their worke. 
 And thus our newes is done.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 Xonbon'e %otterie. 
 
 Tlditb an encouragement to tbe furtherance tbereof, 
 for tbe GOOO of Dirainia, ano tbe beneffte of tbis 
 our native Countrie; wisbing (jooo fortune to all 
 tbat venture in tbe same. 
 
 To THE TUNE OF Lusty Gallant. 
 
 ' London, live thou famous long, 
 
 thou bearst a gallant minde : 
 Plenty, peace, and pleasures store, 
 
 in thee we dayly finde. 
 The Merchants of Virginia now, 
 
 hath nobly tooke in hand, 
 The bravest golden Lottery, 
 
 that ere was in this Land. 
 
 ' A gallant House well furnisht foorth, 
 
 with Gold and Silver Plate, 
 There standes prepared with Prizes now, 
 
 set foorth in greatest state. 
 To London, worthy Gentlemen, 
 
 goe venture there your chaunce : 
 Good lucke standes now in readinesse, 
 
 your fortunes to advance.
 
 l8 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 ' It is to plant a kingdome sure, 
 
 where savadge people dwell : 
 God will favour Christians still, 
 
 and like the purpose well. 
 Take courage then, with willingnesse, 
 
 let hands and heartes agree : 
 A braver enterprise then this, 
 
 I thinke can never bee. 
 
 ' Our most royall King and Queene, 
 
 in princely forwardnesse, 
 Hath granted grace and favours both, 
 
 as thousands can expresse. 
 Sweete natures Jem, Prince Henry he, 
 
 in love is not behinde : 
 The Nobles of the Land likewise, 
 
 we all doe forward finde. 
 
 ' Well may this famous Lottery, 
 
 have good successe and speede, 
 When as the States of England thus, 
 
 doe such good liking breed. 
 Come Gallants, come; come noble mindes, 
 
 come venture now for Gold, 
 For smiling hope heere bids you all, 
 
 take currage, and be bold.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 ' Come Knights, and gallant Gentlemen, 
 
 put in your ventures all : 
 Let nothing daunt your willing mindes, 
 
 good fortune may befall : 
 Mee thinks I see great numbers flocke, 
 
 and bring in fast their Coyne : 
 And Tradesmen how in loving sort, 
 
 their Monyes all doe ioyne. 
 
 ' Heere Pryzes are of great account, 
 
 not simple, plaine, and poore; 
 But unto Thousands doe surmount, 
 
 whereof there be some store; 
 And happely some men there be, 
 
 in gayning of the same, 
 May spend their dayes like Gentlemen, 
 
 in credite and good name. 
 
 ' As lately heere in London was, 
 
 some unto Riches brought; 
 Where many mended their estates, 
 
 when they full little thought : 
 Yet heere are greater Pryzes farre, 
 
 as easly to be gaind, 
 And valued to more thousand poundes, 
 
 then hath the first containd.
 
 20 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 ' You London Merchants sending foorth 
 
 your fortunes to the Sea, 
 Heere may you purchase Golden worth, 
 
 and Countries love this way. 
 It pleaseth God, contentes the King, 
 
 in venturing thus your Store : 
 To plant that Land in government, 
 
 which never was before. 
 
 ' Full many a man that lives full bare, 
 
 and knowes no joyes of Gold, 
 For one small Crowne may get a share, 
 
 of twice two Thousand told : 
 Then what is hee that feares to try 
 
 his fortunes in this kind, 
 When lucke and chaunce may make a man, 
 
 and thus great Riches find. 
 
 ' You Maydes that have but portions small 
 
 to gaine your Mariage friend, 
 Cast in your Lottes with willing hand, 
 
 God may good fortune send. 
 You Widowes. and you wedded Wives, 
 
 one little substaunce try : 
 You may advance both you and yours, 
 
 with wealth that comes thereby.'
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 21 
 
 Seconb pan of 
 Honfcon's ILotterie. 
 
 To THE TUNE OF Lusty Gallant. 
 
 You Farmers and you Country men, 
 
 whom God hath blest with store, 
 To this good worke set helping hand, 
 
 and God will send you more : 
 What comes in love, will prosper well, 
 
 and be redoubled backe : 
 And they that thus for Countrie doth 
 
 can never live in lacke. 
 
 ' The King, the Queene, and noble Prince, 
 
 gives courage to perswade : 
 The Peeres and Barrens of the Land, 
 
 hath not their loves denayde : 
 Court and Citie doth the like, 
 
 where willingly each man, 
 To build up fast Virginia's state, 
 
 performes the best he can.
 
 22 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 ' The Merchants of the Easterne partes, 
 
 heere shewes both love and care; 
 And ventures Gold with joyfull heartes, 
 
 and thereof makes no spare. 
 Our gallant London Companies, 
 
 and Halles of high renowne, 
 Into Virginia's Lottery, 
 
 sendes freely many a Crowne. 
 
 ' For good intent all this is done, 
 
 and no man wrongd therein : 
 Then happy fortune be his dole, 
 
 the greatest Prize can win : 
 And happy fortune be their guides, 
 
 that nobly thus maintaines 
 The planting of this New-found Land, 
 
 with cares, with cost, and paines. 
 
 ' Let no man thinke that he shall loose, 
 
 though he no Prize poscesse : 
 His substaunce to Virginia goes, 
 
 which God, no doubt will blesse : 
 And in short time send from that land, 
 
 much rich commoditie; 
 So shall we thinke all well bestowd, 
 
 upon this Lotterie.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 ' Heere profile doth with pleasure joyne, 
 
 and bids each chearefull heart, 
 To this high praysed enterprise, 
 
 performe a Christian part : 
 Good Countrymen be forward then, 
 
 and with your Tallents small, 
 Adventure heere for good luckes sake, 
 
 and graunt your loves withall. 
 
 ' We ought not live heere for ourselves, 
 
 but for our Countries good : 
 And Countries good, it is well knowne, 
 
 long hath this purpose stood : 
 For first, when Queen Elizabeth 
 
 heere livd, so much renownd, 
 This Land now calPd Virginia 
 
 by English-men was found. 
 
 ' Sir Gilbert, Drake, and others more, 
 
 gave us thereof first sight; 
 But followed now by noble mindes, 
 
 with carefull course aright : 
 Desiring nothing for their paines, 
 
 but Countries love and favour : 
 Then reason calles our liberall aydes, 
 
 to this renowned labour.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 ' Who knowes not England once was like 
 
 a Wildernesse and savage place, 
 Till government and use of men, 
 
 that wildnesse did deface : 
 And so Virginia may in time, 
 
 be made like England now; 
 Where long-lovd peace and plenty both, 
 
 sits smiling on her brow. 
 
 ' Our King, the Lord full long preserve, 
 
 the cause of all this pleasure : 
 The Queene, the Prince, and all his seed, 
 
 with dayes of longest measure : 
 And that Virginia well may proove 
 
 a Land of rich increase : 
 And England's government thereof, 
 
 good God let never cease. 
 
 4 finis 
 
 ' Imprinted at London by W. W. for Henry 
 Robards, and are to be sold at his shop 
 neere to S. Botulphes Church 
 without Aldgate 1612.'
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 25 
 
 Zealous puritan. 
 
 1639. 
 
 My Brethren all attend, 
 
 And list to my relation : 
 
 This is the day, mark what I say, 
 
 Tends to your renovation ; 
 
 Stay not among the Wicked, 
 
 Lest that with them you perish, 
 
 But let us to New-England go, 
 
 And the Pagan People cherish; 
 
 Then for the truths sake come along, come 
 Leave this place of Superstition: [along, 
 Were it not for we, that the Brethren be, 
 You would sink into Perdition. 
 
 There you may teach our hymns, 
 Without the Laws controulment : 
 We need not fear, the Bishops there, 
 Nor Spiritual-Courts inroulment; 
 Nay, the Surplice shall not fright us, 
 Nor superstitious blindness; 
 Nor scandals rise, when we disguise, 
 And our Sisters kiss in kindness; 
 Then for the truths sake, &c.
 
 26 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 For Company I fear not, 
 There goes my Cosin Hannah, 
 And Ruben, so perswades to go 
 My Cosin Joyce, Susanna. 
 With Abigal and Faith, 
 And Ruth, no doubt, comes after, 
 And Sarah kind, will not stay behind; 
 My Cosin Constance Daughter; 
 Then for the truth, &c. 
 
 Tom Tyler is prepared, 
 And th' Smith as black as a coal; 
 Ralph Cobler too with us will go, 
 For he regards his soul; 
 The Weaver, honest Simon, 
 With Prudence, Jacobs Daughter, 
 And Sarah, she, and Barbary, 
 Professeth to come after; 
 Then for the truth, &c. 
 
 When we, that are elected, 
 Arrive in that fair Country, 
 Even by our faith, as the Brethren saith, 
 We will not fear our entry; 
 The Psalms shall be our Musick, 
 Our time spent in expounding. 
 Which in our zeal we will reveal 
 To the Brethren joy abounding; 
 Then for the truths sake, &c.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 H proper newe JSallett calteo 
 
 TEbe Summons to IRewe Bnglanb. 
 
 To THE TUNE OF The Townsmens Cappe. 
 
 Lett all that putrifidean secte, 
 
 I mean the counterfeit Elect : 
 
 All zealous bankrupps, puncks devout, 
 
 Preachers suspended, rabble rout, 
 
 Let them sell all, and out of hand 
 
 Prepare to go for New England, 
 
 To build new Babel strong and sure, 
 Now call'd a Church unspotted pure. 
 
 There Milk from Springs, like Rivers, flows, 
 And Honey upon hawthorn grows; 
 Hemp, Wool, and Flax, there grows on trees, 
 The mould is fat, and cutts like cheese; 
 All fruits and herbs growes in the fields, 
 Tobacco it good plenty yields; 
 
 And there shall be a Church most pure, 
 Where you may find salvation sure.
 
 28 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 There's Venison of all sorts great store, 
 Both Stag, and buck, wild Goat, and Boar, 
 And all so tame, that you with ease 
 May eate your fill, take what you please ; 
 There's Beavers plenty, yea, so many, 
 That you may buy two skins a penny, 
 Above all this a Church most pure, 
 That to be saved you may be sure. 
 
 There flights of Fowl do cloud the light, 
 Great Turkies of sixty pound in weight, 
 As big as Estriges; there Geese, 
 Are sold with thanks for pence a piece; 
 Of Duck and Mallard, Widgeon, Teale, 
 Twenty for two-pence make a meale; 
 Yea, and a Church unspotted pure, 
 Within whose bosome all are sure. 
 
 Loe, there in shoals all sorts of fish, 
 Of the salt sea, and waters fresh : 
 Ling, Cod, Poor-John and haberdine 
 Are taken with the hooks and line; 
 A painful fisher on the shore 
 May take of each twenty an houre ; 
 But above all a Church most pure, 
 Where you may live and dye secure.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 29 
 
 There twice a year all sorts of Grain 
 
 Doth down from heaven like hailstones rain; 
 
 You never need to sow nor plough, 
 
 There's plenty of all things enough : 
 
 Wine sweet and wholsome drops from trees, 
 
 As clear as chrystal, without lees; 
 
 Yea, and a Church unspotted, pure, 
 From dregs of Papistry secure. 
 
 No Feasts nor festival set daies 
 Are here observed; the Lord we praise, 
 Though not in Churches rich and strong, 
 Yet where no Mass was ever sung, 
 The Bulls of Bashan roare not heare 
 Surplice and cope durst not appear; 
 
 Old Orders all they will abjure, 
 
 This Church hath all things new and pure. 
 
 No discipline shall there be used, 
 The Law of Nature they have chused; 
 All that the spirit seems to move 
 Each man may take and so approve, 
 There's Government without command, 
 There's unity without a band; 
 
 A Synagogue unspotted pure, 
 
 Where lustes and pleasures dwell secure.
 
 30 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 Loe in this Church all shall be free 
 
 To Enjoy their Christian liberty; 
 
 All things made common, t'avoide strife, 
 
 Each man may take another's wife, 
 
 And keep a handmaid too, if need, 
 
 To multiply, increase, and breed. 
 
 Then is not this Foundation sure, 
 To build a Church unspotted, pure? 
 
 The native People, though yet wild, 
 
 Are altogether kind and mild, 
 
 And apt already, by report, 
 
 To live in this religious sort; 
 
 Soon to conversion they'l be brought 
 
 When Warchams miracles are wrought, 
 Who being sanctified and pure, 
 May by the Spirit them alure. 
 
 LENVOY. 
 
 Let Amsterdam send forth her Brats, 
 Her Fugitives and Runnagates : 
 Let Bedlam, Newgate, and the Clink 
 Disgorge themselves unto this sink; 
 Let Bridewell and the stews be swept, 
 And all sent hither to be kept; 
 
 So may our Church be cleans'd and pure. 
 
 Keep both it self and state secure.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 H Song, 
 
 New-England is preparing a-pace, 
 
 To entertain King Pym, with his Grace, 
 
 And Isaak before shall carry the Mace, 
 
 For Round-heads Old Nick stand up now. 
 
 No surplisse nor no Organs there, 
 Shall ever offend the Eye, or the Ear, 
 But a Spiritual Preach, with a three hours Prayer, 
 For Round-heads Old Nick stand up now. 
 
 All things in Zeal shall there be carried, 
 Without any Porredge read over the buried, 
 Nor Crossing of Infants, nor Rings for the Married, 
 For Round-heads Old Nick stand up now. 
 
 The Swearer there shall punisht be still, 
 But Drunkennesse private be counted no ill, 
 Yet both kinds of lying as much as you will, 
 
 For Round-heads Old Nick stand up now. 
 
 Blow Winds, Hoyse sailes, and let us be gone, 
 But be sure we take all our Plunder along, 
 That Charles may find little when as he doth come, 
 For Round-heads Old Nick stand up now.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 H We8t*Gountt: flDan's Dosage 
 to flew JEnglanb. 
 
 My Masters give audience, and listen to me, 
 And streight che will tell you where che have be : 
 Che have been in New-England, but now cham come o'er, 
 Itch do think they shal catch me go thither no more. 
 
 Before che went o'er Lord how Yoke did tell 
 
 How vishes did grow, and how birds did dwell 
 
 All one among t'other, in the wood and the water, 
 
 Che thought had been true, but che find no such matter. 
 
 When first che did land che mazed me quite, 
 And 'twas of all daies on a Satterday night, 
 Che wondred to see the strong buildings were there, 
 'Twas all like the standing at Bartholmew Fair. 
 
 Well, that night che slept till near Prayer time, 
 Next morning che wondred to hear no Bells chime, 
 And when che had ask'd the reason, che found 
 'Twas because they had never a Bell in the Town.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 33 
 
 At last being warned to Church to repair, 
 
 Where che did think certain che'd sho'd hear some prayer, 
 
 But the Parson there no such matter did teach, 
 
 They scorn'd to pray, they were all able to preach. 
 
 The virst thing they did, a Zalm they did sing, 
 I pluckt out my Zalm book, which with me did bring, 
 Che was troubled to seek him, 'cause they call him by name, 
 But they had got a new Song to the tune of the same. 
 
 When Sermon was done was a child to baptize 
 
 About sixteen years old, as volk did surmise, 
 
 And no Godfather nor Godmother, yet 'twas quiet and still, 
 
 The Priest durst not cross him for fear of his ill will. 
 
 A Sirra, quoth I, and to dinner che went, 
 And gave the Lord thanks for what he had sent; 
 Next day was a wedding, the brideman my friend, 
 He kindly invites me, so thither I wend. 
 
 But this, above all, to me wonder did bring, 
 To see a Magistrate marry, and had ne'r a ring; 
 Che thought they would call me the woman to give, 
 But che think he stole her, for he askt no man leave. 
 
 Now this was new Dorchester as they told me, 
 A Town very famous in all that Country; 
 They said 'twas new building, I grant it was true, 
 Yet methinks old Dorchester as fine as the new.
 
 34 
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 Che staid there among them till che was weary at heart, 
 At length there came shipping, che got leave to depart : 
 But when all was ended che was coming away, 
 Che had threescore shillings for swearing to pay. 
 
 But when che saw that, an oath more che swore, 
 Che would stay no more longer to swear on the score : 
 Che bid farewell to those Fowlers and Fishers, 
 So God bless old England and all his well wishers.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 flfea^bens of Xonbon's 
 Brave Hbventures, 
 
 r, H Boon Ifloyaoe intenoeo tor tbe Sea. 
 
 Some gone before and some to follow, [all conducted by Apollo :] 
 Their Sweet-hearts are resolv'd also this noble Voyage for to go ; 
 Because they hold their Love so dear, as in this Ditty you shall hear 
 
 TUNE is, A Taylor is a man; OR, Wet and Weary. 
 
 Come all you very merry London Girls, that are disposed 
 
 to travel, 
 There is a Voyage now at hand, will save your feet from 
 
 gravel. 
 If you have shooes, you need not fear for wearing out the 
 
 Leather; 
 For why, you shall on shipboard go, like loving Rogues 
 
 together. 
 
 Some are already gone before, the rest must after follow, 
 Then come away, and do not stay, your guide shall be 
 Apollo. 
 
 Peg, Nell, and Sisse, Kate, Doll, and Besse, Sue, Rachel, 
 
 and sweet Sara, 
 Jone, Prudence, and Grace have took their place, with 
 
 Debora, Jane and Mary, 
 Fair Winif right, and Bridget bright, sweet Rose 2nd 
 
 pretty Nany,
 
 36 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 With Ursely neat, and Alice compleat, that had the love 
 
 of many. 
 All these brave Girls, and others more, conducted by 
 
 Apollo, 
 
 Have ta'ne their leaves, and are gone before, and their 
 Loves will after follow. 
 
 Then why should those that are behind slink back, and 
 
 dare not venture ? 
 For you shall prove the Sea-men kind, if once the ships 
 
 you enter. 
 You shall be fed with good strong fare, according to the 
 
 season, 
 Bisket, salt-Beef, and English Beer, and Pork well boyled 
 
 with Peason. 
 And since that some are gone before, the rest with joy 
 
 may follow, 
 To bear each other company, conducted by Apollo. 
 
 When you come to the appointed place, your minds you 
 
 need not trouble, 
 For every groat that you got here, you shall have three 
 
 time double. 
 For there are Gold and Silver Mines, and Treasures much 
 
 abounding, 
 As plenty as New-Castle coales, at some parts may be 
 
 founding. 
 Then come away, make no delay, all you that mean to 
 
 follow; 
 The Ships are ready bound to go, conducted by Apollo.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 37 
 
 Seconb pavt. 
 
 TO THE SAME TUNE. 
 
 For victuals, when as you come there, you shall have 
 
 choice and plenty; 
 Pigs, Turkies, Geese, Cocks, Hens, and Ducks, and other 
 
 fare most dainty. 
 Also be sure that you shall have enough sold for your 
 
 money, 
 
 A good fat Capon for a groat, and eighteen eggs a penny. 
 Then come, brave Lasses, come away, if you desire to 
 
 follow 
 Your sisters that are gone before, conducted by Apollo. 
 
 Thinne cloathing then may serve your turn, when as you 
 
 do come thither, 
 For there the Sun is hot enough, and very warm the 
 
 weather : 
 All that you'le have to care for there is very little or 
 
 nothing, 
 For there is all things at cheap rates, both meat and drink 
 
 and cloathing. 
 Then come, brave Lasses, come away, you need not fear 
 
 to follow 
 Those that are newly gone, I say, conducted by Apollo.
 
 3 8 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 If any of you have Sweet-hearts, let not that greatly 
 
 grieve you; 
 
 'Tis very like they shall be sent, soon after, to relieve you : 
 And when they come where as you are, and sees your 
 
 lovely faces, 
 You will rejoyce to meet them there, with kisses and 
 
 imbraces. 
 
 Make haste away, use no delay, conducted by Apollo; 
 If that the Maidens go before, the Young-men they 
 will follow. 
 
 The Reason, as I understand, why you go to that Nation, 
 Is to inhabit that far Land, and make a new plantation; 
 Where you shall have good ground enough, for Planting 
 
 and for Tilling, 
 Which never shall be taken away, so long as you are 
 
 [willjing. 
 Then come, brave Lasses, come away, conducted by 
 
 Apollo, 
 
 Although that you do go before, your sweet-hearts they 
 will follow.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 39 
 
 looting flfcen's IRceoIution 
 
 to follow tbefr Sweetbearts, ano seefc till tbe$ fino 
 
 tbem, 
 
 Seeing our sweet-hearts are gone before, great cause we 
 
 have to mind them; 
 
 And we are firmly now resolved to seek until we find them. 
 Wee'le crosse the cursed Ocean main, our minds shall no 
 
 way waver, 
 Til we have found our Loves again, and got into their 
 
 favour. 
 For since that they are gone before, with speed we will 
 
 them follow; 
 
 For fear their foes should do them wrong, if they should 
 misse Apollo. 
 
 Sweet Neptune be our safe convoy, and Jove, we pray, 
 
 befriend us; 
 That we our true-loves may injoy, great Mars such 
 
 fortune send us, 
 That no false Spaniard may betray our loves to keep them 
 
 from us; 
 Then we shall meet with them once more, occording to 
 
 our promise. 
 For since that they are passed away, we cannot chuse 
 
 but follow, 
 
 Through fire or water, heat or cold, conducted by 
 Apollo.
 
 40 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 Take courage now, my noble hearts, let no Jack Spaniard 
 
 jeer us; 
 
 If we but take each other's parts, the Infidels will fear us. 
 Tis neither Pagan, Turk not Jew, nor any proud 
 
 Philistians, 
 That can our English men subdue, nor wrong us that are 
 
 Christians. 
 Our Sweet-hearts they are gone before, and we'le make 
 
 haste to follow, 
 
 For it is supposed they are bound to sea, conducted by 
 Apollo. 
 
 So now, dear hearts, we come, we come, ther's nothing 
 
 will dismay us, 
 
 I hope there is no friend of ours, that will desire to stay us. 
 Our forraign foes we do not fear, God and good Angels 
 
 guide us, 
 For you we'le venture far and hear, what chance so over 
 
 betyde us. 
 
 Through old America or Spain, conducted by Apollo, 
 We'le search to find you out again, so closely will we 
 follow. 
 
 L(aurence) P(rice.) 
 
 London, Printed for Fran(cis) Grove, on Snow-hill.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 (Sluafcers jfarewel to 
 lEnglanb, 
 
 r, tbeir Dosage to Bew Sevses, scftuate on tbe 
 Continent of IDirginia ano bordering upon IRew 
 Bnglano, 
 
 To THE TUNE OF, The Independents Voyage to New 
 England. 
 
 Come Friends, let's away, 
 
 Since our Yea and Nay 
 In England is now slighted, 
 
 To the Indians wee'll goe, 
 
 And our Lights to them show, 
 That they be no longer benighted. 
 
 We'll teach them to Quake, 
 
 And wry Mouthes to make, 
 And pretend [to feel] Inspiration; 
 
 That the Priests that are there 
 
 Shall readily swear 
 We worship the Gods of their Nation.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 For each Fritazier 
 
 Is inspired there, 
 When the Spirit into him does enter, 
 
 And turnes up his Eyes, 
 
 And trembles likewise : 
 A Spark without peradventure. 
 
 Yet the World's People, 
 
 That worships at the Steeple, 
 Will confidently aver it, 
 
 (Though it be a thing uncivil) 
 
 That it is the Devil, 
 That both of us call the Spirit. 
 
 Yet be it what it will, 
 
 So we get our fill 
 Of Riches, and good possessions : 
 
 When occasion shall be, 
 
 We can change, you shall see, 
 Both [our] Habits and our Professions. 
 
 The Country is good. 
 
 There's no want of Food; 
 'Tis fit for the Righteous to live in. 
 
 Nor need Sisters fear, 
 
 But this Country Cheere 
 Will make them plump and thriving.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 For 'tis very meete 
 
 That such should well eate, 
 And further Propagation, 
 
 Or else Israel's Race 
 
 Will decay apace, 
 And leave us a Mock to the Nation. 
 
 There shall we be free, 
 
 And enjoy Libertie, 
 No power our Will controules; 
 
 Then what greater Bliss 
 
 Could any of us wish, 
 Or desire from our very Soules ? 
 
 With the Pope and the Turk 
 We before made no work; 
 
 But if either now comes near us, 
 We'll let them both know, 
 That power we have now 
 
 Shall make them to Quake and fear us. 
 
 Neither Ives nor Hicks, 
 
 With all their Tricks, 
 Shall baffle our Inspiration : 
 
 We'll make them to bend 
 
 If they dare here contend, 
 And come to a Recantation. 
 
 43
 
 44 
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 These Baptists, Alas! 
 
 Had a very bad Case, 
 To prove no Christianity 
 
 In Quakers is found, 
 
 Since we have good ground 
 For what we pretend to be. 
 
 Then why do we stay, 
 
 And make such delay, 
 When we to a Canaan are going ? 
 
 For who stayes behind, 
 
 May afterwards find, 
 That it may cause their undoing. 
 
 They have proved already 
 
 Our Faith is not steady; 
 Therefore we no Christians can be, 
 
 Then next they will prove, 
 
 (If we do not remove) 
 Us guilty of Heresie. 
 
 Then will they perplex, 
 
 And the Outward Man vex, 
 We shall have no peace in our Quarters : 
 
 But if we get away, 
 
 The Informers may 
 Go hang themselves in their own Garters.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 45 
 
 In this Land we can live, 
 
 Get Money and thrive, 
 And follow our own Inventions, 
 
 In spite of all those 
 
 That seek to oppose 
 Our Zeal, or its pretentions. 
 
 To New Jersey, with speed, 
 
 Come all Friends that need 
 Wealth, or large Possessions; 
 
 The Indians we'll make 
 
 To serve us and Quake, 
 And be Slaves to our Professions. 
 
 What they have is our own, 
 
 As plainly shall be shown; 
 For before us, Israels Race 
 
 The Canaanites did spoyle, 
 
 And make them turmoyle, 
 For them in their own place. 
 
 London, Printed for F. G[rove]. 1675.
 
 46 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 H Dosage to 
 
 r, ftbe Daliant Soulfcier's ffarewell to bis %ove. 
 
 Unto Virginia he's resolved to go, 
 
 She begs of him that he would not do so ; 
 
 But her intreaties they are all in vain, 
 
 For he must plow the curled Ocean Main : 
 
 At length (with sorrow) he doth take his leave, 
 And leaves his dearest Love at home to grieve 
 
 To THE TUNE OF, She's gone and left me here alone. 
 
 1 My pritty Betty, I now must leave thee, 
 The drums doth summon me away; 
 I must confess it sore doth grieve me, 
 I can with thee no longer stay : 
 When we are parted, be thou true hearted, 
 Thou wilt not change thy mind I know, 
 From thee my favour shall never waver, 
 Though I must to Virginia go. 
 
 ' When first I did behold thy feature, 
 My senses all were set on fire. 
 Thy beauty bright, and comely Stature, 
 Which caused me for to admire : 
 But fates prevent me for to content thee, 
 Which fills my heart so full of woe; 
 I cannot tarry, with thee to marry, 
 For I must to Virginia go.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 ' Long time I have been true and constant, 
 As thou thyself did'st always find, 
 I never proved false one instant, 
 Nor never was to thee unkind : 
 My dear, believe me, and do not grieve me, 
 Since thou dost see it must be so. 
 My fortune I will now go try, 
 For I must to Virginia go. 
 
 ' Had I a thousand pounds to leave thee, 
 Although it were in good red gold, 
 Not half so much it now would grieve me, 
 To speak the truth I may be bold : 
 What ever thou required'st of me, 
 Thou never heard'st me answer no ; 
 Therefore content thee, do not prevent me, 
 For I must to Virginia go. 
 
 'Tis for Promotion and for Honour, 
 That I must sail upon the Flood. 
 I'le venture under England's Banner; 
 Although I lose my dearest Blood : 
 For unto danger I am no stranger 
 When stormy winds aloud do blow, 
 I'le not forget thee, my dearest Betty, 
 Though I must to Virginia go.' 
 
 47
 
 4 8 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 When Betty heard his Resolution, 
 And that he was so fully bent, 
 Her senses all were in Confusion, 
 And thus with sorrow she did lament : 
 ' O stay ! ' quoth she, ' and do not venture, 
 Least that thou break my heart with woe; 
 Leave not this City, but take some pity, 
 And do not to Virginia go. 
 
 1 1 prethee, dearest, do not forsake me, 
 
 Thou knowest I love thee more than life. 
 
 According to thy promise take me, 
 
 And let me be thy Wedded wife. 
 
 Leave bloody wars, and wounds and scars, 
 To them who love did never know : 
 
 Whilst I will ease thee and strive to please thee, 
 Then do not to Virginia go. 
 
 ' But if thou be resolv'd to wander, 
 And nothing can thy fancy turn, 
 I'le march under the same Commander, 
 And never stay at home to mourn : 
 'Tis my desire, in Man's attire, 
 Thy Comrade to appear in show; 
 And day and night yield you delight, 
 As you unto Virginia go.'
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 ' O no,' quoth he, ' my dearest Jewel, 
 That may not be in any wise. 
 Upon the Seas are dangers cruel, 
 And many storms [do oft] arise : 
 To stay at home be then contented, 
 Whilst I do fight against my Foe, 
 And cease thy mourning, till my returning, 
 For I must to Virginia go. 
 
 ' Take here this Ring, which I do give thee, 
 My dearest, and do not complain, 
 For with the same my heart I leave thee, 
 Until that I return again : 
 I hope hereafter for to embrace thee, 
 Then suffer not those Tears to flow : 
 For when I am absent I will be constant, 
 Although I do to Virginia go. 
 
 ' And so farewell, my dearest Betty, 
 A thousand times farewel, my sweet; 
 I now afford thee kisses plenty, 
 For to remember til we meet : 
 If cruel Death of Life deprive us, 
 I'le meet thee in the Shades below, 
 Where we together shall be for ever, 
 Although I do to Virginia go.' 
 
 49
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 When Betty saw her Lover parted, 
 She senseless for a time remain'd. 
 Being so kind and tender-hearted. 
 At length her Spirits she regain'd. 
 And then a thousand happy wishes, 
 She after sent her Love to show; 
 Then home returned, and there she mourned, 
 Whilst he did to Virginia go. 
 
 (Printed for J. Clarke, William Thackeray, and T. 
 Passinger, 1685.) .
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 t, TIbe HHsttesseJi 2>amsel. 
 
 This Girl was cunningly Trappan'd, sent to Virginny from England, 
 Where she doth Hardship undergo, there is no Cure it must be so : 
 But if she lives to cross the Main, she vows she'll ne'r go there again. 
 
 TUNE OF Virginny, OR, When that I was weary, weary, 0. 
 
 Give ear unto a Maid, that lately was betray'd, 
 
 And sent into Virginny, O : 
 In brief I shall declare, what I have suffer'd there, 
 
 When that I was weary, weary, weary, weary, 0. 
 
 [Since] that first I came to this Land of Fame, 
 
 Which is called Virginny, O, 
 The Axe and the Hoe have wrought my overthrow, 
 
 When that I was weary, weary, weary, weary 0. 
 
 Five years served I, under Master Guy, 
 
 In the land of Virginny, O, 
 Which made me for to know sorrow, grief and woe, 
 
 When that I was weary, weary, weary, weary 0. 
 
 When my Dame says ' Go ' then I must do so, 
 
 In the land of Virginny, O; 
 When she sits at Meat, then I have none to eat, 
 
 When that I am weary, weary, weary, weary, 0.
 
 -^ AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 The Cloath[e]s that I brought in, they are worn very thin, 
 
 In the land of Virginny, O, 
 Which makes me for to say, ' Alas, and Well-a-day!' 
 
 When that I am weary, weary, weary, weary, 0. 
 
 Instead of Beds of Ease, to lye down when I please, 
 
 In the Land of Virginny, O; 
 Upon a bed of straw, I lye down full of woe, 
 
 When that I am weary, weary, weary, weary, 0. 
 
 Then the Spider, she, daily waits on me, 
 
 In the Land of Virginny, O; 
 Round about my bed, she spins her web [of thread], 
 
 When that 1 am weary, weary, weary, weary, 0. 
 
 So soon as it is day, to work I must away, 
 
 In the Land of Virginny, O; 
 Then my Dame she knocks, with her tinder-box, 
 
 When that I am weary, weary, weary, weary, 0. 
 
 I have play'd my part both at Plow and Cart, 
 
 In the Land of Virginny, O; 
 Billets from the Wood upon my back they load, 
 
 When that I am weary, weary, weary, weary, 0. 
 
 Instead of drinking Beer, I drink the water clear, 
 
 In the Land of Virginny, O; 
 
 Which makes me pale and wan, do all that e'er I can, 
 When that I am weary, weary, weary, weary, O.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 53 
 
 If my Dame says ' Go! ' I dare not say no, 
 
 In the Land of Virginny, O; 
 The Water from the Spring, upon my head I bring, 
 
 When that I am weary, weary, weary, weary, O. 
 
 When the Mill doth stand, I'm ready at command, 
 
 In the Land of Virginny, O; 
 The Morter for to make, which makes my heart to ake, 
 
 When that I am weary, weary, weary, weary, 0. 
 
 When the Child doth cry, I must sing ' By-a-by ! ' 
 
 In the Land of Virginny, O; 
 No rest that I can have, whilst I am here a Slave, 
 
 When that I am weary, weary, weary, weary, 0. 
 
 A thousand woes beside, that I do here abide, 
 
 In the Land of Virginny, O ; 
 In misery I spend my time that hath no end, 
 
 When that I am weary, weary, weary, weary, . 
 
 Then let Maids beware, all by my ill-fare, 
 
 In the Land of Virginny, O; 
 Be sure to stay at home, for if you do here come, 
 
 You all will be weary, weary, weary, weary, . 
 
 But if it be my chance, Homewards to advance, 
 
 From the Land of Virginny, O ; 
 If that I, once more, land on English Shore, 
 
 /'// no more be weary, weary, weary, weary, . 
 
 Printed by and for W.O., and for A.M., and sold by C. 
 Bates, in Pye-Corner.
 
 54 
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 H flet for a 1Rigbt=1Ra\>en ; 
 
 r, H ZTrap for a Scolfc. 
 
 My honest friends, if you the way would know, 
 How to be quiet from a Scolding Shrow ; 
 And to get money now in these hard times 
 Then pray give ear, and listen to these lines. 
 
 THE TUNE is, Let us to Virginny go. 
 
 Here is a merry Song, 
 
 if that you please to buy it, 
 'Twill shew how you may money get. 
 
 and lead your lives in quiet : 
 Fie teach you the Receipt, 
 
 shall cost you but a penny, 
 I think there's few that hath not heard 
 
 of famous brave Virginny. 
 
 Where Capons are so cheap, 
 
 and Eggs are in such plenty, 
 Also such Fowl and Fish, 
 
 and other things most dainty . 
 As Pigs, Veal, Lamb, and Venison, 
 
 if Travellers speak truly, 
 Which is the cause so many go, 
 
 and travels to Virginny.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 55 
 
 Not far from hence there dwelled 
 
 an honest man a Weaver, 
 Whose wife was witty, fair, and proud, 
 
 and yet her wit deceived her : 
 She was a grain too light, 
 
 she call'd him fool and Ninny, 
 Which made her husband oft to say 
 
 he'd go unto Virginny. 
 
 Although he hard did work, 
 
 he ne'er could live at quiet, 
 She said her cloaths they were too base, 
 
 so was her homely dyet : 
 Though nothing she did lack 
 
 that could be bought for money, 
 You Rogue (quoth she) when do you pack. 
 
 and go unto Virginny? 
 
 She had a lusty Lad, 
 
 and vow'd she'd leave him never, 
 At last her Husband found a trick, 
 
 those loving mates to sever : 
 Quoth he, your note I'le change, 
 
 although now so sweetly sing ye; 
 Unto a Ship-master he went, 
 
 that sailed to Virginny.
 
 56 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 Saying (good Sir) I know 
 
 of women you are lacking, 
 I now have one that I can spare, 
 
 and her I can send packing : 
 The times are very hard, 
 
 I'le sell my wife for money, 
 She is a proper handsom lass, 
 
 and fitting for Virginny. 
 
 If she be young and fair, 
 
 Sir I will entertain her, 
 Then tell me your lowest price, 
 
 for I must be some gainer : 
 Ten pounds he answered, 
 
 I cannot bate a penny, 
 She is good merchandize you know, 
 
 when you come to Virginny. 
 
 Bring her aboard my ship, 
 
 and then you shall be paid, 
 For suddenly we must be gone, 
 
 time must not be delay'd : 
 He went home to his wife, 
 
 saying, I am now ready, 
 Sweet-heart I must leave England now, 
 
 and go unto Virginny.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 One thing of thee I beg, 
 
 that you'l see me take Shipping, 
 This joyful news reviv'd her mind, 
 
 and set her heart a leaping : 
 Unto her self she said, 
 
 now farewel goodman Ninny, 
 My love with me shall merry be, 
 
 when thou art at Virginny. 
 
 To Gravesend I will go, 
 
 whereas I now must leave thee, 
 A Bottle of Strong-water good, 
 
 I will bestow upon thee : 
 'Twill comfort thy poor heart, 
 
 my dearest love and honey, 
 For I do fear you will be Sea-sick, 
 
 in Sailing to Virginny. 
 
 They coming to the Ship, 
 
 the Master bid them welcome, 
 Into his Cabin they were brought, 
 
 whereas his guest comes seldom : 
 He steps forth to her Husband, 
 
 and paid him down his money, 
 Who straight took boat and row'd away 
 
 and sent her to Virginny. 
 
 57
 
 58 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 She seeing him go thence 
 
 and that she there was staid, 
 Then she did cry most bitterly, 
 
 and said she was betray'd : 
 Dear husband take me with you, 
 
 I'le never more offend thee; 
 Send you good Shipping (he did say) 
 
 and well unto Virginny. 
 
 Then strait they set up sail, 
 
 and had good wind and weather, 
 Full seven long weeks they were at sea, 
 
 before that they came thither: 
 He for a Maiden sold her, 
 
 for fifty pounds in money, 
 And she another husband got, 
 
 when she came to Virginny. 
 
 Her Lover ne'er could tell 
 
 what became of his sweeting, 
 Which divers times both night and day, 
 
 had many a merry meeting : 
 The good man now lives quiet, 
 
 and with his friends is merry. 
 Now divers do entitle him, 
 
 a Merchant of Virginny.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 59 
 
 Thus I conclude my song, 
 
 hoping there's none offended, 
 And where that things are done amiss, 
 
 I wish they may be mended : 
 Beware you scolding wives, 
 
 if no fair means will win ye, 
 Lest that your Husbands you entrap, 
 
 and send you to Virginny. 
 
 Printed for F. Coles, T. Vere, and J. Wright.
 
 60 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 ftbe jfour Jn&ian Ikings. 
 
 Part the First. 
 
 fcow a beautiful Xaos conquered one of tbe 
 3noian 
 
 Attend unto a true relation, 
 
 Of four Indian kings of late, 
 Who came to this Christian nation, 
 
 To report their sorrows great ; 
 Which by France they had sustained, 
 
 To the overthrow of trade, 
 That the seas might be regained, 
 
 Who are come to beg our aid. 
 
 Having told their sad condition, 
 
 To our good and gracious queen, 
 With a humble low submission, 
 
 Mixed with a courteous mein. 
 Nobly then they were received. 
 
 In bold Britain's royal court, 
 Many lords and ladies grieved, 
 
 At these Indian kings report.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 Now their message being ended, 
 
 To the queen's great majesty, 
 They were further still befriended, 
 
 By the noble standers by. 
 With a glance of Britain's glory, 
 
 Buildings, troops, and many things, 
 But now comes a pressing story, 
 
 Love seiz'd one of these four kings. 
 
 Thus as it was then related, 
 
 Walking forth to take the air, 
 In St. James's park there waited, 
 
 Troops of handsome ladies fair, 
 Rich and gaudily attir'd, 
 
 Rubies, jewels, diamonds, rings, 
 One fair lady was admir'd, 
 
 By the youngest of those kings. 
 
 While he did his pain discover, 
 
 Often sighing to the rest, 
 Like a broken-hearted lover, 
 
 Oft he smote upon his breast, 
 Breaking forth in lamentation, 
 
 Oh ! the pains which I endure, 
 The young ladies of this nation, 
 
 They are more than mortals sure.
 
 62 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 In his language he related, 
 
 How her angel beauty bright. 
 His great heart had captivated, 
 
 E'er since she appear'd in sight. 
 Tho' there are some fair and pretty, 
 
 Youthful, proper, strait, and tall, 
 In this Christian land and city, 
 
 Yet she far excels them all. 
 
 Were I worthy of her favour, 
 
 Which is better far than gold, 
 Then I might enjoy for ever, 
 
 Charming blessings manifold, 
 But I fear she cannot love me, 
 
 I must hope for no such thing, 
 That sweet saint is far above me, 
 
 Altho' I am an Indian king. 
 
 Let me sign but my petition, 
 
 To that lady fair and clear, 
 Let her know my sad condition, 
 
 How for her I languish here. 
 If on me, after this trial, 
 
 She will no eye of pity cast, 
 But returns a flat denial, 
 
 Friends I can but die at last.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 63 
 
 If I fall by this distraction, 
 
 Thro' a lady's cruelty, 
 It is sure some satisfaction, 
 
 That I do a martyr die. 
 To the goddess of great beauty, 
 
 Brighter than the morning day, 
 Sure no greater piece of duty, 
 
 No poor captive love can pay. 
 
 O this fatal burning fever, 
 
 Gives me little hopes of life, 
 If so that I cannot have her, 
 
 For my love and lawful wife, 
 Bear to her this royal token, 
 
 Tell her 'tis my diamond ring, 
 Pray her that it mayn't be spoken, 
 
 She'll destroy an Indian king, 
 
 Who is able to advance her, 
 
 In our fine America. 
 Let me soon receive an answer, 
 
 From her hands without delay, 
 Every minute seems an hour, 
 
 Every hour six I'm sure, 
 Tell her it is in her power, 
 
 At this time to kill or cure.
 
 64 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 Tell her that you see me ready, 
 
 To expire for her sake, 
 And as she's a Christian lady, 
 
 Sure she will some pity take. 
 I shall long for your returning, 
 
 From that pure unspotted dove; 
 All the while I do lie burning, 
 
 Wrapt in scorching flames of love. 
 
 Part II. 
 ttbe Xafcs's answer. 
 
 I will fly with your petition, 
 
 To that lady fair and clear, 
 For to tell your sad condition, 
 
 I will to her parents bear, 
 Shew her how you do adore her, 
 
 And lie bleeding for her sake, 
 Having laid the cause before her, 
 
 She perhaps may pity take.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 65 
 
 Ladies they are apt to glory, 
 
 In their youthful birth and state, 
 So here I'll rehearse the story, 
 
 Of their being truly great. 
 So farewell, sir, for a season, 
 
 I will soon return again, 
 If she's but endow'd with reason, 
 
 Labour is not spent in vain. 
 
 Having found her habitation, 
 
 Which with diligence he sought, 
 Tho' renowned in her station, 
 
 She was to his presence brought, 
 Where he labour'd to discover, 
 
 How his lord and master lay, 
 Like a pensive wounded lover, 
 
 By her charms the other day. 
 
 As a token of his honour, 
 
 He has sent this ring of gold, 
 Set with diamonds. Save the owner, 
 
 For his griefs are manifold. 
 Life and death are both depending, 
 
 On what answer you can give, 
 Here he lies your charms commending, 
 
 Grant him love that he may live.
 
 66 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 You may tell your lord and master, 
 
 Said the charming lady fair, 
 Tho' I pity his disaster, 
 
 Being caught in Cupid's snare, 
 Tis against all true discretion, 
 
 To comply with what I scorn; 
 He's a heathen by profession, 
 
 I a Christian bred and born. 
 
 Was he king of many nations, 
 
 Crowns, and royal dignity, 
 And I born of mean relations, 
 
 You may tell him that from me, 
 As long as I have life and breathing, 
 
 My true God I will adore, 
 Nor will I ever wed a heathen, 
 
 For the richest Indian store. 
 
 I have had my education, 
 
 From my infant blooming youth, 
 In this Christian land and nation, 
 
 Where the blessed word and truth, 
 Is to be enjoy'd with pleasure, 
 
 Amongst Christians kind and mild, 
 Which is more than all the treasure, 
 
 Can be had with heathens wild.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 67 
 
 Madam, let me be admitted, 
 
 Once to speak in his defence, 
 If he here then may be pity'd, 
 
 Breathe not forth such violence. 
 He and all the rest were telling, 
 
 How well they lik'd this place, 
 And declar'd themselves right willing, 
 
 To receive the light of grace. 
 
 So then, lady, be not cruel, 
 
 His unhappy state condole, 
 Quench the flame, abate the fuel, 
 
 Spare his life, and save his soul. 
 Since it lies within your power, 
 
 Either to destroy or save, 
 Send him word this happy hour, 
 
 That you'll heal the wound you gave. 
 
 While the messenger he pleaded, 
 
 With this noble virtuous maid, 
 All the words then she regarded, 
 
 Which his master he had said. 
 Then she spoke like one concerned, 
 
 Tell your master this from me, 
 Let him let him first be turned, 
 
 From his gross idolatry.
 
 68 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 Altho' he was pleas'd to send me, 
 His fine ring and diamond stone, 
 
 With this answer pray commend me, 
 To your master, yet unknown. 
 
 (Turner, Printer, Coventry.)
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 69 
 
 Hbe 
 
 Pitts, Printer, Toy and Marble Warehouse, 
 6 Great St. Andrew .Street, 7 Dials. 
 
 Of a Brazier's daughter who lived near, 
 A pretty story you shall hear, 
 And she would up to London go, 
 To seek a service you shall know. 
 
 Her master had one only son, 
 Sweet Betsy's heart was fairly won, 
 For Betsy being so very fair 
 She drew his heart in a fatal snare. 
 
 One Sunday night he took his time, 
 Unto sweet Betsy he told his mind. 
 Swearing by all the powers above, 
 'Tis you, sweet Betsy, 'tis you I love. 
 
 His mother happening for to hear, 
 Which threw her in a fatal snare, 
 For soon she contrived sweet Betsy away 
 For a slave in the province of Virginia.
 
 70 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 Betsy, Betsy, pack up your cloaths, 
 For I must see what the country shews, 
 You must go with me a day or two 
 Some of our relations there for to view. 
 
 They rode till they came to a sea town 
 Where ships were sailing in the Down, 
 Quickly a captain there was found, 
 Unto Virginia they were bound. 
 
 Both hired a boat along side they went, 
 Sweet Betsy rode in sad discontent, 
 For now sweet Betsy's upon the salt wave, 
 Sweet Betsy's gone for an arrant slave. 
 
 A few days after she returned again, 
 You are welcome mother, says the son, 
 But where is Betsy, tell me I pray, 
 That she behind so long doth stay ? 
 
 O son, O son, I plainly see, 
 How great your love is for pretty Betsy, 
 Of all such thoughts you must refrain, 
 Since Betsy's sailing over the watery main.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 71 
 
 We would rather see our son lie dead, 
 Than with a servant girl to wed, 
 His father spoke most scornfully, 
 It will bring disgrace to our family. 
 
 Four days after the son fell bad, 
 No kind of music could make him glad, 
 He sighed and slumbered, and often cried, 
 Tis for you, sweet Betsy, for you 1 died. 
 
 A few days after the son was dead, 
 
 They wrung their hands and shook each head, 
 
 Saying would our son but rise again, 
 
 We would send for Betsy over the main.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 %abs of Dirainfa. 
 
 London : H. Such, Machine Printer and Publisher, 
 177 Union Street, Boro., S.E. 
 
 Come all you young fellows wherever you be, 
 Come listen awhile and I will tell thee, 
 Concerning the hardships that we undergo, 
 When we get lagg'd to Virginia. 
 
 Such clever young fellows myself I have seen, 
 That is more fitting to serve George our king, 
 Those hard-hearted judges so cruel have been, 
 To lag us poor lads to Virginia. 
 
 When I was apprentice in fair London town, 
 Many hours I served duly and truly, 
 Till buxom young lasses they led me astray, 
 My work I neglected more and more every day, 
 And to maintain them went on the highway, 
 By that I got lagg'd to Virginia. 
 
 When we came to Virginia that old ancient town, 
 The place that is so much admired, 
 Where the Captain he stands with a cane in his hand, 
 And our aching hearts before him doth stand, 
 With tears in our eyes in a foreign land, 
 Was sold for a slave in Virginia.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 73 
 
 When I was in England I could live at my ease, 
 Rest my bones down on soft feathers, 
 With a jug in my hand and a lass on my knee, 
 I thought myself fit for all weathers. 
 
 But now in Virginia I lay like a hog, 
 Our pillow at night is a brick or a log, 
 We dress and undress like some other sea hog, 
 How hard is my fate in Virginia. 
 
 Old England, Old England, I shall never see you more, 
 If I do it's ten thousand to twenty; 
 My bones are quite rotten, my feet are quite sore, 
 I'm parched with fever, and am at death's door, 
 But if ever I live to see seven years more, 
 Then I'll bid adieu to Virginia.
 
 74 
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 Siege of Quebec. 
 
 [No printer's name.] 
 
 Sound your silver trumpets now, brave boys, 
 The siege is just begun at the city of Quebec, 
 Let all your noble courage now rejoice, 
 For Wolfe he has given them a hearty smack : 
 He has such wonders wrought 
 With an army that he brought, 
 Against the proud and haughty French, 
 All with their shot burning hot, 
 He gave them such a fiery [djrench. 
 
 Much like a volunteer, both brave and bold, 
 Bold Wolfe then prest on with naked sword in hand, 
 As the siege grew hot, the French hearts grew cold, 
 Their haughty spirits fail'd, they could not stand; 
 
 Bomb shells and showers of ball, 
 
 We sent amongst them all, 
 
 Our cannon loud did roar, 
 
 All in amaze the French did gaze, 
 
 For they never saw the like before.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 75 
 
 Still they cry'd, brigades see how they come, 
 With vollies of fire before them clear the way, 
 It is enough to strike them deaf and dumb, 
 We'll kill, we'll cut them, if they any longer stay : 
 
 Those proud and haughty French, 
 We drove them from their [t]rench, 
 And bomb shells we gave them smack, 
 Come follow me, you soon shall see 
 We will take the city of Quebec. 
 
 Sure such a siege there ne'er was seen, 
 
 For when it first began it was a bloody fray, 
 
 The forces of Monsieur, their hearts quak'd for fear, 
 
 And glad it was their nimble feet to run away : 
 
 We laid them in their gore, 
 
 Till they call'd out no more, 
 
 At length they cry'd marblieu! 
 
 You run us down with a frown, 
 
 As you know you did in ninety-two. 
 
 Such a siege as this sure ne'er was known, 
 
 Their foot and horse were taken, likewise their warlike 
 
 train, 
 
 Our pomp and pride is overthrown, 
 What shall we say when we to France return again ?
 
 76 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 Monsieur will sadly rage, 
 
 No pleasures shall we have, 
 
 He will say that English lads prove true, 
 
 Brave Wolfe for game 'tis you I mean, 
 
 We shall have a care of meeting you. 
 
 When brave Wolfe receiv'd his death wound, 
 Bold Monkton commanded until that he was shot. 
 Brave General Townsend he with sword in hand, 
 Cry's follow them, my countrymen, regard them not. 
 
 Much like a hero bold, 
 
 He said my hearts of gold, 
 
 Come follow me, and never fret, 
 
 Come follow me, you soon shall see, 
 
 We will take the city of Quebec.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 77 
 
 Wolfe anb Saunbers, 
 
 Printed and sold by J. Pitts, No. 14 Great St. Andrew-street, 
 Seven Dials. 
 
 We'll gang abroad in a King's ship, and lead a soldier's 
 
 life, 
 And to Quebec we'll take a trip, with the merry drum and 
 
 fife; 
 And against Quebec we'll go my boys, where cannon balls 
 
 do fly, 
 And along with Wolfe and Saunders we'll fight until we 
 
 die. 
 
 The i3th of September, the weather being clear, 
 All on the plains of Abram brave Wolfe he did appear, 
 At the head of his fine army, so boldly he did cry, 
 Come follow me, my country lads, we'll fight until we die. 
 
 Both armies they did meet the battle for to try, 
 
 With drums and trumpets sounding, to drown the dreadful 
 
 cry; 
 
 Some of the French they run away, and some we overtook, 
 And brought them to old Lewis, present to the court.
 
 7 S AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 Malcolen and his army, came triping o'er the plain 
 Thinking brave Wolfe for to have kill'd and his army to 
 
 have ta'en; 
 
 But they was much mistaken, as plainly doth appear, 
 And for Malcolen's rashness he paid his life so dear. 
 
 Brave General Wolfe at Quebec his death wound he 
 
 received, 
 His men they hearing of the same it made them sorely 
 
 grieve 
 
 They being men of courage bold, not daunted in the least, 
 They scorn'd to turn their backs, my boys, brave Wolfe 
 
 for to disgrace. 
 
 Now here's a health to Saunders, wheresoever he may be 
 We've beat the French by land, my boys, and beat the 
 
 French by sea; 
 And as for General Wolfe, my boys, his praises we will 
 
 sing, 
 He's a credit to his country, boys, and an honour to his 
 
 King.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 79 
 
 Death of General Wolfe. 
 
 Pitts, Printer and Toy Warehouse, 
 Great St. Andrew Street, 7 Dials. 
 
 Bold General Wolfe to his men did say, 
 Come, come, my lads and follow me, 
 To yonder mountains that are so high 
 All for the honour, all for the honour, 
 Of your king and country. 
 
 The French they are on the mountains high, 
 While we poor lads in the vallies laid, 
 I see them falling like moths in the sun, 
 Thro' smoke and fire, thro' smoke and fire 
 All from our British guns. 
 
 The very first volley they gave to us, 
 Wounded our General in his left breast, 
 Yonder he sits for he cannot stand, 
 Fight on so boldly, fight on so boldly, 
 For whilst I've life I'll have command.
 
 So AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 Here is my treasure lies all in gold, 
 Take it and part it, for my blood runs cold, 
 Take it and part it, General Wolfe did say, 
 You lads of honour, you lads of honour, 
 Who made such gallant play. 
 
 When to Old England you do return, 
 Pray tell my parents I'm dead and gone, 
 And tell my tender old mother dear, 
 Not to weep for me, not to weep for me, 
 It is a death I wish to share. 
 
 At sixteen years when I first begun, 
 
 All for the honour of George our King. 
 
 So let all commanders do as I have done before 
 
 Be a soldier's friend, be a soldier's friend 
 
 My boys they'll fight for evermore.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 8l 
 
 Britain in {tears for the 3Loss 
 of tbe brave General Wolfe. 
 
 Printed and sold by Jennings, 
 13 Water-lane, Fleet-street, London. 
 
 If ancient Romans did lament, 
 When heroes' deaths caus'd discontent, 
 Then well may England make her moan, 
 That her best hero, Wolfe, is gone. 
 
 Mourn, England, mourn in duller strain! 
 
 Your chiefest glory, Wolfe, is slain J 
 
 Adorn'd with every manly grace. 
 In heart and body, mind and face; 
 His virtues far and near were farn'd. 
 A better man no age has nam'd. 
 Then, England, etc. 
 
 This matchless hero's valour great 
 Led him abroad which prov'd his fate : 
 Quebec he conquer'd; there did die. 
 Thus rose to immortality. 
 Then, England, etc.
 
 82 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 What tongue his praise enough can tell? 
 Or pen express the griefs we feel ? 
 This hero's death for ever will 
 Each Briton's heart with sorrow fill. 
 Then, England, etc. 
 
 His virtuous mother thus is left, 
 Of her beloved son bereft; 
 But this her sorrow over-awes, 
 He boldly died in honour's cause. 
 Yet, England, etc. 
 
 Yet pass not time in grief alone, 
 But hope, as George sits on the throne, 
 As good as Wolfe, another'l rise, 
 To curb Great Britain's enemies. 
 Yet, England, etc.
 
 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 83 
 
 Death of General Wolfe. 
 
 Printed and sold by Jennings, 
 No. 13, Water-lane, Fleet Street, London. 
 
 In a mouldering cave where the wretched retreat 
 
 Britannia sat wasted with care, 
 She mourn'd for her Wolfe, and exclaimed against 
 fate, 
 
 And she gave herself up to despair; 
 The walls of her cell were all sculptur'd around 
 
 With the deeds of her favourite son, 
 Nay, even the dust as it lay on the ground 
 
 Was engrav'd with some deeds he had done. 
 
 The sire of the gods from his chrystaline throne, 
 
 Beheld the disconsolate dame, 
 And mov'd with her tears sent Mercury down, 
 
 And these were the tidings that came ; 
 ' Britannia forbear, not a sigh or a tear, 
 
 For thy Wolfe so deservedly lov'd, 
 Thy grief shall be chang'd into transports of joy, 
 
 For thy Wolfe is not dead but remov'd.'
 
 84 AN AMERICAN GARLAND 
 
 Then a council was held in the chamber of Jove, 
 
 And this was their final decree, 
 That Wolfe should be call'd to the armies above. 
 
 And the care be entrusted to he; 
 The sons of the earth, the proud giants of old, 
 
 They fled from the darksome abode, 
 And such was the news that in heaven were told, 
 
 Wolfe was marching to war with the gods. 
 
 To the plains of Quebec with their orders they flew, 
 
 But he begg'd for a moment's delay, 
 He cry'd O forbear, let me victory hear, 
 
 And then your commands I'll obey; 
 With a darkening film they encompass'd his eyes, 
 
 And they bore him away in an urn, 
 Lest the fondness he bore to his own native shore, 
 
 Should tempt him again to return.
 
 flotes 
 
 Page i. 'Thomas Stutely.' The original broadside 
 is in the Christie Miller collection. It is reprinted in 
 ' Old Ballads from early printed Copies,' edited by J. P. 
 Collier for the Percy Society in 1840, p. 73 ; and in 
 ' Ballads and Broadsides now at Britwell Court, 
 Bucks,' edited by H. L. Collman for the Roxburghe 
 Club in 1912. 
 
 Page 7. ' Have over the Water to Florida. ' The 
 original is in Ashmolean MS., No. 48, p. 141, in the 
 Bodleian Library. It is printed by Thomas Wright in 
 ' Songs and Ballads chiefly of the Reign of Philip and 
 Mary,' Roxburghe Club, 1860, p. 213. The four verses 
 reprinted on pp. 7-8 are extracted from a ballad of 
 seven verses beginning ' The prymerose in the greene 
 forest,' and the three verses omitted have no connection 
 with the rest of the ballad. In the Stationers' Register 
 ' a ballet intituled the preme Rose in the grene forest ' 
 is entered by Thomas Colwell about June or July, 1564 
 (Arber, Stationers' Register, i, 237). Possibly part 
 of another ballad written earlier was incorporated by 
 the author of ' The Primrose ' in his own production, 
 or perhaps the addition was made by the transcriber 
 of the Ashmolean MS. A version of the first verse of 
 ' Have over the Water to Florida ' was preserved in 
 Westcote's ' View of Devonshire,' a work written
 
 86 NOTES 
 
 about 1630. He held it to refer to ' Stutely,' and de- 
 scribed it as 'a ditty made by him or of him. ' See 
 Richard Simpson's ' School of Shakespeare,' I, 151. 
 J. P. Collier quotes a song from a drama called ' A 
 New Enterlude of Vice, concerning the Historic of 
 Horestes,' printed in 1567, which was to be sung to 
 the tune of ' Over the Water to Florida ' (' English 
 Dramatic Poetry,' II, 416, ed. 1879). 
 
 Page 9. ' Newes from Virginia.' This ballad, of 
 which there are two copies known to exist, is reprinted 
 in Mr. Alexander Brown's ' Genesis of the United 
 States,' 1890, I, 422. Mr. Brown's reprint has been 
 followed with a few changes in the punctuation. The 
 landing of the shipwrecked travellers at the Bermudas 
 took place on July 28th, 1609; Gates and Newport 
 sailed for Virginia on May loth, 1610, and arrived there 
 on May 2ist. Lord De la Warr reached Virginia on 
 June 6th. Gates and Newport arrived in England 
 again in September, 1610. The ballad was probably 
 published in the autumn of 1610, and does not appear 
 to be entered in the Stationers' Register. That en- 
 titled 'The Last News from Virginia,' entered under 
 August i6th, 1611, was, I think, a different ballad 
 (Arber, Stationers' Register, III, 463). 
 
 Page 17. ' London's Lotterie. ' The original broad- 
 side is in the Pepys Collection, Vol. I, 190. It was 
 entered by Henry Roberts on July 3Oth, 1612 (Arber, 
 Stationers' Register, III, 492). 
 
 Page 25. 'The Zealous Puritan.' The original 
 broadside has not survived. The ballad is reprinted in 
 1 Rump Songs,' 1622, p. i, and in ' Merry Drollery,' 
 ed. Ebsworth, p. 95. I think that it is probably the 
 ballad entered on March 2Oth, 1638, as ' A Friendly
 
 NOTES 87 
 
 Invitation to a New Plantation ' (Arber, Stationers' 
 Register, IV, 387). 
 
 Page 27. ' The Summons to New England. ' The 
 original broadside has not survived. A manuscript 
 version is to be found in the Tanner MSS. in the 
 Bodleian Library, Vol. 306, f. 286. It is reprinted in 
 ' Merry Drollery,' ed. 1661 (p. 243 of Mr. Ebsworth's 
 edition) under the title of ' New England Described. ' 
 There are many differences between the text of the MS. 
 and the reprint. I have usually followed the MS., but 
 in some few cases the readings of the reprint have been 
 adopted. The first line contains the only variation of 
 much interest : the ' Merry Drollery ' gives ' purifidian ' 
 instead of ' putrifidean. ' 
 
 Page 31. ' A Song.' This is to be found in ' Rump 
 Songs,' p. 95. 
 
 Page 32. ' A West-Country Man's Voyage to New 
 England.' This is to be found in 'Merry Drollery,' 
 complete the Second Part, p. 275, ed. Ebsworth. 
 
 Page 35. ' The Maydens of London's Brave Adven- 
 tures.' The original broadside is in the Roxburghe 
 Collection in the British Museum (III, 224). It is re- 
 printed in Vol. VII, p. 491, of Mr. Ebsworth's edition 
 of the ' Roxburghe Ballads.' It was probably written 
 during the Protectorate. A life of Laurence Price, to 
 whom it is attributed by Mr. Ebsworth, will be found 
 in the ' Dictionary of National Biography.' 
 
 Page 41. ' The Quakers Farewel to England.' The 
 original broadside is in the Bagford Collection in the 
 British Museum, (III, 56). It is reprinted in Vol. II, 
 p. 729, of Mr. Ebsworth's edition of the ' Bagford 
 Ballads. ' The word ' Fritazier ' in verse three is
 
 88 NOTES 
 
 explained by Mr. Ebsworth as meaning an Indian 
 medicine-man, and this explanation is doubtless correct, 
 though I have not been able to find an example of its 
 use. In verse ten two divines are referred to, Jeremiah 
 Ives and Thomas Hicks : both wrote treatises against 
 the Quakers. 
 
 Page 46. ' A Voyage to Virginia. ' The original 
 broadside is in the Roxburghe Collection in the British 
 Museum (II, 580). It is reprinted in Vol. VII, p. 508, 
 of Mr. Ebsworth 's edition of the Roxburghe Ballads. 
 He mentions there three other copies to be found in 
 the Pepys Collection, IV, 159; the Douce Collection, 
 II, 235, verso; and Lord Crawford's collection, 
 No. 850. Lord Crawford's copy and that in the Rox- 
 burghe Collection have both lost their imprints : the 
 Peyps copy is dated 1685. For the reasons stated in 
 the preface I believe it to have been originally published 
 about 1676. 
 
 Page 51. 'The Trappan'd Maiden.' The original 
 broadside is in the Douce Collection in the Bodleian 
 Library (II, 219). It is reprinted by Mr. Ebsworth, 
 Vol. VII, p. 511, of his edition of the Roxburghe 
 Ballads, but without any indication of its source. 
 There are copies of it in the Pepys Collection, IV, 286, 
 and in Lord Crawford's collection, No. 422. In Hen- 
 ley and Henderson's edition of Burns (Vol. Ill, pp. 132, 
 392) it is pointed out that the song entitled ' The Slave's 
 Lament,' which Burns contributed to Johnson's ' Musi- 
 cal Museum,' was inspired by this ballad. 
 
 Page 54. ' A Net for a Night Raven.' The original 
 broadside is in the Rawlinson Collection in the Bodleian 
 Library (quarto 566, f. 165). Another version of the 
 ballad entitled ' The Woman Outwitted ' is to be found
 
 NOTES 89 
 
 in the Roxburghe Collection (II, 535) in the Ewing 
 Collection in the library of the University of Glasgow, 
 No. 396, and in Lord Crawford's collection, No. 881. 
 This second version is reprinted by Mr. Ebsworth, Rox- 
 burghe Ballads, VII, 190. 
 
 Page 60. ' The Four Indian Kings. ' In my own 
 collection. There is a copy in Lord Crawford's col- 
 lection, No. 151. 
 
 Page 69. ' The Betrayed Maiden.' In my own col- 
 lection. 
 
 Page 72. ' The Lads of Virginia.' In my own col- 
 lection. 
 
 Page 74. ' The Siege of Quebec. ' In my own col- 
 lection. 
 
 Page 77. 'Wolfe and Saunders. ' In my own col- 
 lection. ' Malcolen,' in the fourth verse, is a misprint 
 for ' Montcalm.' 
 
 Page 79. ' The Death of General Wolfe.' In my 
 own collection. A copy printed by H. Disley, 57 High 
 Street, St. Giles, supplies some corrections : Stanza 
 two, line two, instead of Maid,' 'lie.' The last verse 
 in Disley 's version runs : 
 
 It's sixteen years since I first begun 
 To fight for the honour of George our King ; 
 Let our Commanders do as I've done before, 
 Be a soldiers friend, be a soldiers friend, and boys 
 they'll fight for evermore. 
 
 In stanza two, line three, ' moths ' is no doubt a mis- 
 print for ' motes,' but the mistake occurs in all the 
 versions known to me.
 
 9O NOTES 
 
 Page Si. ' Britain in Tears.' In my own collec- 
 tion. 
 
 Page 83. ' Death of General Wolfe.' In my own 
 collection. This is said to have been written by 
 Thomas Paine. It is reprinted by Mr. M. D. Con- 
 way, Vol. IV, p. 477, of his edition of Paine's Works. 
 He says that the song first appeared in Paine's ' Penn- 
 sylvania Magazine,' March, 1775, with the music. The 
 broadside versions of the song are very numerous and 
 very corrupt. It is therefore of interest to give the 
 original readings in order to illustrate the sort of altera- 
 tions which popular ballads suffered at the hands of the 
 printers. The original, as printed by Mr. Conway, 
 supplies the following variants : 
 
 Stanza i, 1. 5. ' She had sculptured around.' 
 ,, 1. 6. 'Feats ' instead of ' deeds.' 
 1. 8. ' The' for ' some.' 
 
 Stanza 2, 1. 7. ' Your tears shall be changed into 
 triumphs of joy.' 
 
 Stanza 3 is entirely different : 
 
 The sons of the East, the proud giants of old, 
 
 Have crept from their darksome abodes, 
 And this is the news as in Heaven it was told, 
 
 They were marching to war with the Gods ; 
 A council was held in the chambers of Jove, 
 
 And this was their final decree, 
 That Wolfe should be called to the armies above, 
 
 And the charge was entrusted to me 
 
 Stanza 4, 1. i. 'I flew ' for ' they flew.'
 
 NOTES 91 
 
 Stanza 4, 1. 5. ' With a darksome thick film I en- 
 compassed his eyes. ' 
 
 ,, 1. 6. Omit 'they.' 
 
 ,, 1. 8. ' Induce ' for ' tempt.' 
 
 In the third stanza ' Sons of the earth V is obviously 
 more correct than ' Sons of the East,' and it is pos- 
 sible that the song was circulated as a broadside before 
 it was printed in the Magazine.
 
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