V° *V 4 o Division of Agricultural Sciences 
 
 A» \ . , 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 FARM S 
 
 EQUIPMENT 
 
 Its Usefulness 
 
 on California Farms 
 
 M. O'BRIEN 
 R. R. PARKS 
 
 Experiment Station 
 Extension Service 
 
 CIRCULAR 443 
 
FA R M 
 
 SHOP 
 
 Its Usefulness 
 
 Your tarm shop should pay its own way ... it will if it is planned to 
 fit your operations. 
 
 It is not proposed that all construction, repair, or maintenance work 
 be done in all farm shops . . . this would require more specialized 
 equipment and skill than are usually available to the average farm 
 operator. 
 
 However, many farmers find it advantageous to do a considerable 
 part of their repair and maintenance work that does not require spe- 
 cialization. In so doing they are able to protect their investments in 
 expensive buildings and equipment — cut the rate of depreciation 
 (estimated to be from 3 to 10 per cent annually). 
 
 They are also able to modify new equipment to fit their specific 
 
EQUIPMENT 
 
 on CALIFORNIA FARMS 
 
 Is — an important factor on California farms. 
 
 Too large or too elaborate a shop can be a liability. A good rule 
 of thumb ... the investment in shop and equipment should not exceed 
 four per cent of the total investment in the land, buildings, and farm 
 machinery. 
 
 It is often wiser to "farm out" major jobs of repair or busy-season 
 jobs than it is to buy took or machinery needed to do the work 
 yourself. 
 
 This circular lists and illustrates some of the features that make for 
 efficiency in planning, building, and operating a farm shop. It does 
 not attempt to tell you how to do the work or how much you are justi- 
 fied in doing. 
 
 ,.?;:' ■.','::;.::.;.::, m^MM 
 
 THE AUTHORS: 
 
 M. O'Brien is Assistant Professor of Agricultural Engineering 
 and Assistant Agricultural Engineer in the Experiment Sta- 
 tion, Davis. 
 
 R. R. Parks is Agriculturist, Agricultural Extension, and Exten- 
 sion Specialist, Department of Agricultural Engineering, 
 Davis. 
 
 NOVEMBER 1954 
 
THE GENERAL LAYOUT 
 
 Your shop can be a separate building 
 or part of a large storage shed. Either 
 way, it should be big enough to handle 
 expected jobs but not too big for effi- 
 ciency. Most farm shops range from 
 24' x 36' to 50' x 100'. A common prac- 
 tice is to store trucks or other large 
 equipment in the shop building when no 
 shopwork is being done. 
 
 It is a good idea to locate the shop so 
 that it is accessible from a central yard. 
 
 Here it is more convenient for work on 
 bad days, evenings, and during off sea- 
 sons so equipment can be put into good 
 condition before seasonal use begins. 
 
 Since most of the shop equipment and 
 storage bins will be arranged around two 
 walls, the building need be only slightly 
 larger than would be required for the 
 storage of equipment. Using a truss-type 
 roof support will allow more usable 
 space inside. 
 
 Here is the floor plan of the shop pictured above. Efficient use of wall space 
 permits maximum floor area for shopwork and storage of farm machinery. 
 
 
 
 
 
 STORAGE 
 AREA 
 
 
 LARGE a SMALL MACHIIS 
 & OVERHEAD ST^S 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 f£ 
 O 
 O 
 Q 
 
 O 
 
 Z 
 Q 
 _l 
 </) 
 
 J 
 CD 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 
 
 DRILL 
 PRESS 
 
 PORTABLE DC L 
 BENCH : ; 
 
 
 CHARGER 
 
 
 •X 1 
 
 
 
 OTMINU 
 
 
 □ 
 
 BENCH 
 
 
 
 
 Ofl 
 
 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 54- 
 
 
 
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 $m 
 
 [4 
 
This farm shop combines many desirable features that aid 
 in the extensive shop activities carried on. On less extensive 
 farms a similar layout might be employed on a smaller scale. 
 
 PARTS 
 
 RTABLE 
 FRAME 
 
 SUPPLY BINS 
 
 ACETYLENE 
 WELDER 
 
 OFFICE 
 
 COMPRESSOR 
 
 a 
 
 MANDREL 
 GRINDER 
 
 BENCH 
 
 ARC ENTRANCE 
 
 WELDER switches 
 
 FIRE EXTo 
 
 [5] 
 
SOME HELPFUL DETAILS 
 
 A concrete apron is convenient for 
 washing, mounting, steam cleaning, or 
 painting equipment. The apron also 
 makes it easier to expand the shop if 
 needed, by adding a roof. 
 
 A concrete floor makes for ease in 
 rolling heavy equipment in a limited 
 space ; is easy to keep clean ; reduces ac- 
 cidents. 
 
 Anchors placed near each end of the 
 floor are convenient for pulling and mov- 
 ing big equipment with block and tackle. 
 The anchors can be recessed so they are 
 flush with the floor. 
 
 Several parallel lines painted on the 
 floor the standard width of row crops are 
 helpful in adjusting machinery before it 
 goes into the field. A shop rule can also 
 be painted on the floor for rough meas- 
 urements. 
 
 Doors should be 12' to 16' wide and 
 10' to 16' high. Exterior sliding doors or 
 overhead doors are recommended be- 
 cause they leave maximum inside wall 
 space. 
 
 The convenient location of small en- 
 trance doors will save using large doors 
 except for movement of large equipment. 
 
 Machinery transports are handy for 
 moving wide machines through shop 
 doors. 
 
 Top: Water hose and gas pump are handy 
 to the apron a reasonable (safe) distance from 
 the shop. Center: Measurements of large doors 
 are based on the largest piece of equipment 
 that will enter. Bottom: small doors allow access 
 to the shop for personnel, without opening ihe 
 large doors. 
 
'900% 
 
 Windows may be made of translucent 
 fiberglass and spaced at intervals in the 
 roof to provide light to all parts of the 
 shop during the daytime. Most shopwork 
 requires good lighting, so plenty of win- 
 dows are recommended. 
 
 Roof windows will also reduce vandal- 
 ism and theft of machinery. 
 
 Artificial lighting will be required for 
 work on dark days and at night. An over- 
 head outlet for each 200 square feet of 
 floor area is recommended. 
 
 In addition, locate floodlights over 
 each 10-foot length of work bench and a 
 light over each piece of permanent equip- 
 ment. 
 
 Uniform lighting from windows in the roof. 
 Note truss-type roof supports allowing for 
 maximum use of floor space. 
 
 SPAN 
 
 DIMENSIONS 
 
 LUMBER 
 
 L 
 
 A 
 
 B 
 
 C 
 
 2"» 6" 
 
 2'» 4" 
 
 TOT 
 Ffw 
 
 NQ 
 
 .ENGTH 
 
 NOlLENGTH 
 
 26'- 0" 
 
 7'-3W 
 
 7'-9W 
 
 3'-l0 W 
 
 2 
 
 l6'-0" 
 
 2 |4'0" 
 
 bH 
 
 
 28'- 0" 
 
 7'-9'W 
 
 8'- 4 9 /16 
 
 4'-2 Vie 
 
 2 
 
 l8'-0" 
 
 
 75 
 
 30'- 0" 
 
 8'-4W 
 
 8'- II V 
 
 4'-5"/16 
 
 2 
 
 18" -0" 
 
 
 f6 
 
 2 1 14-0" 
 
 32'-0" 
 
 B'-llW 
 
 9'-6 ,5 /.6" 
 
 4'- 9 W 
 
 2 
 
 20'-0" 
 
 
 BO 
 
 
 
 y l 
 
 METV.ltf 
 
 D.F EXT PLYWOOD 
 
 B 
 
 B 
 
 B 
 
 B 
 
 £ \ C / E 
 
 A\ A 
 
 A\ A 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
 ) — 1 — K 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
 ) 1 — \ 
 
 
 5/ 
 
 8" 
 
 4 
 
 • i 
 
 )' PLYWOOD 
 
 JTILIZ 
 
 VTION 
 
 OESIGNEO FOR DEAD LOAD ft LIVE LOAD '45%' 
 WHICH WILL CARRY OROINARY METAL ROOF ON 
 2i4 NAILING STRIPS SPACED 16" OG. WITH NO 
 ADDITIONAL RAFTERS BETWEEN THE 6' SPACING 
 OF TRUSSES. 
 
 FOR TIGHT ROOF DECK, SPACE I PLAIN RAFTER 
 BETWEEN EACH TRUSS TO STIFFEN f SHEATHING 
 
 (FO R 3 TR USSES ) 
 USE CASEIN GLUE ON ALL JOINTS. 
 NAIL GUSSETS WITH 70 BOX NAILS TO HOLD 
 GUSSETS WHILE GLUE SETS 
 
 USE I METAL ANCHOR AT EACH TRUSS TO 
 PLATE CONNECTION. 
 
 This type of roof truss can be made on any smooth surface and eliminates need for 
 space-stealing posts in the center of the floor. 
 
 [7] 
 
FOR COMFORT . . , 
 
 Since much of the shopwork will be 
 done during the winter, provide heat in 
 the shop. An oil space-heater equipped 
 with a fan will be convenient. 
 
 Smoke and gases can be removed by 
 an exhaust fan and a flexible tube. 
 
 A ventilating fan will make the shop 
 more comfortable during the summer. 
 
 AND CONVENIENCE 
 
 A return-stack orchard heater made portable 
 by the use of casters may be used to heat a 
 shop during wintertime. 
 
 When planning the wiring installation 
 provide service outlets for each piece of 
 equipment. Use 3-wire service cords — 
 one a ground wire. Consider future needs 
 and leave outlet boxes for equipment you 
 plan to add. 
 
 Locate 115-volt outlets for each 10-foot 
 interval of wall. Three-wire, 230-volt, 
 single-phase service should also be pro- 
 
 vided. In most cases you will want at 
 least 60-ampere entrances and entrance 
 wires not smaller than No. 4. 
 
 Work tables and benches. It helps 
 to have at least two work benches in the 
 shop. You can use one of the benches for 
 both wood and metal work. It should be 
 8' to 12' long, 23" wide, and 36" to 38" 
 The front HVo" should be a 
 
 high. 
 
 Left: A small, castered, portable bench is handy for holding repair equipment, parts, and 
 tools. Right: This sturdy bench can be rolled around the shop or over rough ground for repair 
 jobs outside. 
 
Tools mounted on a castered rack may be 
 moved to the area where needed. This rack is 
 made of %" plywood. 
 
 smooth working surface made preferably 
 of 2-inch hardwood planking finished 
 with several coats of floor seal or a good 
 quality of deck enamel. The back 11%" 
 can be of 2-inch Douglas fir, for example, 
 with a similar finish. You will find that a 
 swivel-type, 4-inch-jaw machinist's vise 
 with smooth-type jaw covers accommo- 
 dates wood work and also can be used for 
 
 metal working jobs when the jaw covers 
 are removed. 
 
 The other table for metal work can be 
 of identical size. However, you may want 
 both the 2-inch planks to be of Douglas 
 fir. It helps to place an angle iron along 
 the front edge and cover the remainder 
 of the bench top with sheet metal %" to 
 %g" in thickness. The heavy sheet metal 
 protects the bench top from damage and 
 provides a smooth clean working surface 
 needed in metal working. It is a good 
 idea to mount a heavy-duty, 6" machin- 
 ist's vise on this bench. 
 
 Benches that are approximately 2 feet 
 wide can be supported through the use of 
 triangle brackets attached to the wall 
 studs of the building. This will allow a 
 clear space under the bench for a roll- 
 away storage rack for metal or lumber. 
 The brackets for the bench and the roll- 
 away storage rack can be made entirely 
 of welded construction. The bench angle 
 braces should be 8" above the floor to 
 allow greater capacity on the storage 
 rack. The storage rack (of welded steel 
 pipe or angle iron construction, in order 
 to fit easily under the bench) should be 
 2' shorter, 4" narrower, and the height 
 5" less than that of the bench. Mounting 
 the rack on 3-inch casters allows ade- 
 quate foot space while working at the 
 
 Left: This type of "pigeon hole" storage bin is handy for keeping general shop supplies. Right: 
 These large bins and shelves provide storage for bulky machinery and parts used in repair work. 
 
 
 V-Vi 
 
 Spfc 
 
bench yet makes it convenient for the 
 stored material to be moved out in the 
 shop. 
 
 Portable bench. If justified, it is con- 
 venient to have a small portable bench 
 approximately 4' long, 2% r wide, and 
 34" high. The frame of this bench is 
 made entirely of welded construction, 
 with an angle iron frame to which two 
 12-inch diameter wheels are attached to 
 one end, and two angle iron legs to the 
 other. The top is constructed from three 
 2" x 10" surfaced planks to which is 
 bolted an angle iron rim and a 3V2-i nc h, 
 swivel-type machinist's vise. A bottom 
 shelf provides storage for supplies or 
 tools. 
 
 Tool racks and parts bins. It is im- 
 portant that tools, supplies, and spare 
 parts be kept in bins or racks. This saves 
 time in locating the right tool or supply 
 item. 
 
 If you place certain tools on castered 
 racks they can easily be moved to differ- 
 ent areas in the shop. It is usually con- 
 venient to place other tools on a wall 
 panel over the work bench. These can be 
 
 enclosed as cabinets which can, if neces- 
 sary, be locked. Orange colored silhou- 
 ettes painted on a light background 
 shows when tools are missing and helps 
 in getting a tool back in its proper loca- 
 tion. 
 
 On most farms it is well to provide 
 storage space for commonly used ma- 
 chinery parts, bolts, pine fittings, V- 
 belts, chains, and similar items. Nails, 
 screws, staples, bolts and other small 
 items are needed regularly. Machinery 
 parts bins should vary in size from 30" 
 deep, 48" wide, and 24" high for large 
 parts, to 18" deep, 30" long, and 15" 
 high for smaller items. The bin fronts 
 should be constructed for ease in remov- 
 ing parts and will need labels for parts 
 identification. Bins must also provide for 
 orderly storage of many small items. It 
 is suggested that the rack vary from 15" 
 deep at the bottom to about 8" at the top. 
 Each of the shelves should have parti- 
 tions arranged according to the items to 
 be stored. 
 
 A measuring rule tacked to the storage 
 rack will be handy. 
 
 NOTE COVER BENCH TOP WITH 
 
 NO 10 GAUGE SHEETMETAL 
 WHERE BENCH IS USE FOR 
 METAL WORKING 
 
 — i x 3 CHANNEL 
 
 A wall bench supported by brackets gives room for a castered storage rack underneath. The 
 woodworking vise is replaced with a machinist's vise when the bench is used for metal work. 
 
 10 
 
FUEL AND OIL STORAGE 
 
 This service wagon can be moved from the farm to the field and is handy for both 
 machine service and as a tank-refill truck. 
 
 The cheapest and quickest method of 
 providing storage for fuel and oil sup- 
 plies is an aboveground tank with grav- 
 ity flow to vehicles being serviced. How- 
 ever, such a tank should be protected 
 from the sun and equipment with a pres- 
 sure ventilating cap to reduce loss by 
 evaporation. It should also be placed 
 well away from buildings to reduce the 
 hazard of fire from spillage. 
 
 An underground tank with pump has 
 several advantages over the aboveground 
 storage method — less danger, less evap- 
 oration — but is more expensive to in- 
 stall. 
 
 Diesel fuel can best be stored in a 
 "trap wagon" with 500 to 750 gallons 
 
 capacity. Oil and small quantities of gas- 
 oline can also be left in a cabinet with 
 this portable storage unit. 
 
 Oil, like paint, should be stored in a 
 place that is separate from the shop. 
 While the danger from fires starting in 
 such a storage area is not great, when 
 such fires do start they are extremely dif- 
 ficult to get under control with the fire 
 fighting apparatus usually found around 
 a farm. 
 
 Keep any gasoline (in small quanti- 
 ties) that may be needed in the shop in 
 safety cans. 
 
 To minimize the danger from fire, and 
 do a better job, wash motor parts in sol- 
 vent or kerosene. 
 
 [in 
 
USEFUL TUULS 
 
 I I I 
 
 Some type of grinder is needed 
 
 Bench grinder 
 
 This is a compact, self-contained unit 
 that is handy for sharpening tools and 
 doing light grinding jobs. One of the 
 wheels may be replaced with a wire 
 brush for buffing and cleaning metal. 
 
 When grinders are not equipped with 
 illuminated, shatterproof shields, safety 
 goggles and a shaded light should be 
 provided for the protection of the oper- 
 ator. 
 
 Minimum specifications 
 
 Bench Grinder — x /2 hp — 3450 rpm; 115 or 230 volts; sealed ball bearings; 7" x 
 1" x %" bore wheels with guards; tool rests and safety illuminated eye shields. 
 Illuminated, shatter-proof shields direct the light onto the grinding wheel and work, 
 and protect the operator's eyes from any particles thrown from the grinding wheel. 
 
 Bench grinder equipped 
 with light and eye shields is 
 handy for many sharpening 
 and small grinding jobs. 
 
 12 
 
; *i the farm shop. 
 
 Mandrel-type grinder 
 
 This consists of a mandrel fitted with 
 grinding wheels, guards, V-belt drive 
 sheaves, mounting bearings, and an 
 underslung motor. This grinder is par- 
 ticularly adapted for heavy work and the 
 
 wheels are more accessible for work such 
 as sickle grinding. You will probably 
 want a coarse wheel for fast rough cut- 
 ting, and a medium or fine wheel for 
 more accurate work. 
 
 Minimum specifications 
 
 Mandrel Grinder — 1 hp — 1750 rpm; 230 volts; sealed ball bearing motor. 1%" 
 mandrel — twin 5" "B" section V-belt sheaves for the motor and twin 4" "B" section 
 V-belt sheaves for the mandrel. Two "B" section V-belts. Two 1%", self aligning 
 pillow block ball bearings. 10" x 1%" x 1" grinding wheels. 
 
 NOTE: Where three dimen- 
 sions of a grinding wheel are 
 given they indicate 1) diame- 
 ter of the wheel; 2) width of 
 wheel; 3) diameter of bore 
 (see drawing at left). 
 
 The mandrel-type grinder is 
 for heavier duty work with 
 more free area around the 
 wheels. Note face shield. 
 
 [13 
 
This flexible-shaft grinder is veeing a coulter mount in preparation for welding. 
 
 Portable electric grinder 
 
 A portable grinder is a very desirable 
 tool. Such a unit can be used for wire 
 brushing, buffing, and polishing metal 
 surfaces. It will also remove rust, scale, 
 
 paint, and grind off rivets and bolts. It 
 is helpful to use this grinder in "veeing" 
 metal in preparation for welding and for 
 smoothing welded surfaces. 
 
 Minimum specifications 
 
 Portable Grinder — wheel size 5" x %" x %" bore; Universal motor; no load speed; 
 5250 rpm; sealed ball bearings; steel guard; cast aluminum body. Weight, 15 
 pounds. A flexible shaft grinder is also satisfactory for this type work. 
 
 CAUTION: Most grinding wheels do their best cutting when their surface speed 
 is a mile (5,280 feet) a minute. Extreme care should be taken to see that grinders 
 do not exceed recommended operating speeds (usually printed on the wheel). 
 
 To calculate the surface speed of a grinding wheel multiply the diameter by 3% 
 to get the circumference, then by the r.p.m. (revolutions per minute) and divide 
 by 12 to get the surface speed in feet per minute. 
 
 For example: an 8 inch grinding wheel is running at 2600 r.p.m. What is its sur- 
 face speed? Eight times 3% is 25 (inches in circumference) 25 times 2600 is 65,000 
 inches or about 5400 feet or a little over one mile a minute. 
 
 [14] 
 
Drill press 
 
 A drill press large enough to handle 
 holes up to 1" diameter is often desirable 
 for machinery repair and construction 
 jobs. Bench or floor models are available 
 in sizes ranging from 9" to 20". A 17- 
 inch drill press will best meet most of 
 your farm shop needs. (The measure- 
 ment refers to the maximum diameter of 
 a circle in which a hole may be drilled 
 in the center.) A 3- jaw key chuck with a 
 capacity for %-inch, straight shank bits 
 is standard equipment on most drills. 
 
 For the jobs where there is need for 
 drilling holes larger than %", a No. 2 
 Morse taper spindle will handle the 
 larger drill. The 3- jaw chuck will be 
 fitted on a Morse taper shank to handle 
 straight shank drills to %", and drills 
 from y 2 " to 1" will have No. 2 Morse 
 taper shanks. A ^-inch round shank 
 drill in sizes from %" to 1" will fit a 
 l/^-inch chuck, but this type is not as 
 desirable as the Morse taper because of 
 the excessive stress on the chuck. 
 
 High-speed drills range from 700 to 
 4200 rpm while slow-speed drills range 
 from 400 to 2200 rpm. The speed is con- 
 trolled by the V-belt pulley sizes. The 
 slow-speed drill is more adaptable to 
 farm shop use. 
 
 A drill press vise is recommended as 
 an accessory for the drill press. The vise 
 holds material rigid for drilling work 
 without the danger of slipping and injur- 
 ing the operator or breaking a drill. 
 
 This 17-inch drill press drills holes up to 1" 
 in diameter. The drill press vise is essential for 
 accurate work and for preventing the metal 
 from turning and injuring the operator. 
 
 Minimum specifications 
 
 Floor Type Drill Press — Size 17-inch — 5-inch spindle travel with spring return and 
 depth gauge; slow speed (400 to 2200 rpm), with No. 2 Morse taper spindle and 
 3- jaw key chuck; chuck capacity to %". Sealed ball bearing; 6 splines in spindle 
 and sleeve; % hp capacitor motor with protective switch and wiring with ground 
 connections. 
 
 [15] 
 
Portable electric drill 
 
 For convenience, two portable electric 
 drills are suggested for most farm 
 shops — a lightweight, light-duty drill 
 where constant use is necessary, and a 
 heavier drill for heavier work. Either or 
 
 both of these drills may be hand held 
 and used wherever a power outlet is 
 available. The heavier one particularly 
 may be mounted on a stand and used as 
 a bench drill. 
 
 Minimum specifications 
 
 One-half-inch Standard Duty Drill — Universal motor, capacity to %" in steel, hard- 
 wood up to 1"; 400 to 500 rpm, no load; grease sealed bearings; cast aluminum 
 body; 3-jaw key chuck. 
 
 One-quarter-inch Standard Drill — Universal motor, capacity up to %" in steel 
 and %" in hardwood; 2000 rpm, no load; grease-sealed bearings; cast aluminum 
 body; 3-jaw key chuck. This drill is convenient for use in drilling lightweight steel, 
 nonferrous metal, and wood. The i/i-inch standard drill usually weighs about 5 
 pounds and the ^-inch standard drill about 20 pounds. You can buy wood auger 
 bits with sizes up to 1" that may be used with the %-inch drill for bolting wood. 
 
 A portable electric drill may be used anywhere within reach of an electrical outlet. 
 
 [16] 
 
Arc welder 
 
 An AC arc welder that 
 can be used outside the 
 shop in good weather is 
 convenient. 
 
 
 Either of two types of arc welders may 
 be satisfactory for use on a farm — the 
 AC or DC type. 
 
 The AC welder is particularly adapted 
 to use in the shop where AC power is 
 available. Its absence of moving parts 
 reduces upkeep costs to a minimum and 
 it has been found that the average power 
 cost to run an AC welder is from $4 to 
 $6 a year or about 9^ per hour of inter- 
 mittent use. Arc electrodes are relatively 
 inexpensive when purchased in standard 
 packages. 
 
 The new limited input AC farm welder 
 will meet most requirements for farm 
 use. A large-capacity welder is probably 
 not necessary because 90 per cent of the 
 welding in the farm shop is done at 150 
 amperes or less. 
 
 The DC welder is gasoline engine- 
 driven and can be easily made portable 
 for use on heavy equipment in the field. 
 It is much more expensive, however, than 
 the AC welder. 
 
 The inert gas arc welders are not par- 
 ticularly recommended for use on farms. 
 
 Minimum specifications AC welder 
 
 Either 180 or 250-ampere limited-output AC arc welder to operate from 230-volt, 
 single-phase line served by a 5 KVA or larger transformer. Welder complete with 
 10' of primary cable, 25' welding and ground cable; insulated electrode holder; 
 ground clamp; wall receptacle; head shield or helmet with No. 10 lens. 
 
 It is desirable to consult the power company supplying you before buying an arc 
 welder. 
 
 Additional welding accessories and supplies: Arc electrodes — %2 f \ % 
 
 1/ -" %*' 
 
 mild steel electrodes of American Welding Society type E6013. Machineable and 
 nonmachineable electrodes for welding cast and malleable cast; hard surfacing 
 electrodes; metal alloy powder or paste for hard surfacing. 
 
 Carbon arc torch with additional %", % 6 ", and %" diameter copper-coated, 
 soft center carbons makes possible bronze welding, heating for light forging and 
 soldering. 
 
 Miscellaneous supplies: extra cover glasses and lens; clamps and welding jig; 
 peening hammer; chipping hammer; carbon plate and carbon rod; leather gloves; 
 copper plate "back-up" strip. 
 
 [17] 
 
Power saws 
 
 Portable electric, table, and radial arm 
 are the three types of saws now in gen- 
 eral use. The portable electric is best 
 adapted for on-the-job use. It is also rela- 
 tively inexpensive and may be used for a 
 wide variety of jobs. The table saw is 
 usually preferred by those doing a large 
 amount of wood construction work. The 
 radial arm saw is preferred by some, 
 particularly carpenters and contractors 
 as a cut-off saw, but is usually considered 
 expensive for limited farm use. 
 
 Portable Electric Saw. Consider care- 
 fully the weight and capacity of this saw 
 before it is purchased. A lighter weight 
 saw is preferred, but if it is to be most 
 useful it should cut at least 1%" when 
 
 set at a 45° angle. Special attention 
 should be given to the type of guard 
 that is provided; those guards which 
 pivot around the saw arbor and rotate 
 back over the saw have proved to be sat- 
 isfactory for all-round use. 
 
 Table Saw. A wide choice is available 
 in this type. A tilting arbor is preferred 
 since the table of the saw remains in a 
 horizontal position and the saw blade 
 tilts. A 10-inch blade and a 1 hp motor 
 are required if the saw is to have exten- 
 sive use. An 8-inch saw with % hp drive 
 will serve for limited use. The saw with 
 combination blades or the new safety 
 saw blade have been found best for all 
 types of work. 
 
 Minimum specifications 
 
 Portable Electric Saw — 7%-inch blade; maximum vertical cut 2%"; 45°-cut, 1%"; 
 Universal motor. Free speed of blade 3200 rpm; automatic telescoping guard; weight 
 15 pounds. 
 
 Tilting Arbor Saw — 10-inch blade that tilts 45°; adjustable rip fence; miter gauge; 
 guard; 1 or 1% hp, sealed ball-bearing, 115- or 230-volt repulsion induction motor; 
 sealed ball-bearing arbor; V-belt drive; maximum capacity about %y±'. 
 
 A portable electric saw speeds up construction. One with a IVa" blade will meet most farm needs. 
 
 mmmmmmmmmmmmmm 
 
Both machinists' and pipe vises are convenient where material is to be held securely. 
 
 Vises 
 
 A vise probably receives more use and 
 more abuse than any other piece of shop 
 equipment. The vital part of any vise is 
 a replaceable steel jaw. A rigid jaw is 
 necessary in order to hold work securely. 
 However, the vise is almost worthless, if 
 worn jaws cannot be replaced. The com- 
 mon types of vises are rigid, swivel base, 
 
 pipe, and combination pipe. The vise size 
 is designated by the width of jaw; open- 
 ing capacity is 1% that of the jaw width. 
 When using a vise it is desirable to pound 
 against the rigid jaw. You can place 
 aluminum or wood covers over the vise 
 jaws to prevent marring of close fitting 
 machine or equipment parts. 
 
 Multi-purpose power tools 
 
 A multi-purpose power tool has the 
 advantages of being adapted to use in 
 limited space. Most equipment of this 
 kind can be used for about five basic op- 
 erations — circular saw, vertical drill 
 
 press, horizontal drill press, wood lathe, 
 and disc sander. A limited amount of 
 time is required to convert the equipment 
 from one use to the other and a single 
 motor serves for all operations. 
 
 A multi-purpose power tool combines several basic tools in one; saves shop space 
 but takes time to set up. 
 
 
 «h«. 
 
 V 
 
 
 JJS 
 
Cranes and hoists 
 
 The lifting of truck and tractor en- 
 gines and heavy farm machinery re- 
 quires special hoist equipment. The port- 
 able floor crane is usually preferred over 
 the hoist operated from a trolley because 
 it is more versatile. It is also usually less 
 expensive when you consider the added 
 Cost of strengthening the roof trusses to 
 carry the weight of the hoist. You may 
 use a hydraulic cylinder, a geared chain 
 hoist, or a winch to provide the lifting 
 power. The crane should be readily port- 
 able, have a minimum safe lifting ca- 
 pacity of at least 2 tons, and a minimum 
 lifting height of about 8'. (This lift 
 should be measured from the floor to 
 the hook when it is at the highest point.) 
 Satisfactory A-frames or floor cranes 
 may be constructed in your shop. 
 
 Chain Hoists are most popular in farm 
 shops. There are three types of chain 
 hoists in use today, each offering a varied 
 range of mechanical efficiency and price 
 and each filling the needs of a particular 
 set of conditions. 
 
 A portable A-frame and chain hoist is a 
 safe way to do the heavy lifting jobs around 
 the shop. 
 
 The Differential Hoist is the least effi- 
 cient, as well as the least expensive of the 
 three. Keeping the loads suspended by 
 means of friction in the parts of the hoist, 
 it offers a work efficiency of only 35 per 
 cent (i.e., for the work you do in operat- 
 ing the hoist 35% or about % is useful 
 in load lifting). It has capacities to 2 
 tons. 
 
 The Screw-Geared Hoist costs more 
 than the differential, but makes up for 
 the added cost by giving a work efficiency 
 of 40 per cent. Although it requires less 
 operating effort, it still holds its loads in 
 suspension by use of the friction prin- 
 ciple and has capacities to 5 tons. 
 
 The Spur-Geared Hoist offers the 
 greatest advance in hand-hoisting mech- 
 anism. Holding its loads in suspension by 
 an automatic brake, it is capable of a 
 work efficiency of 85 per cent and has 
 capacities to 40 tons. Thus, though the 
 cost of the spur-geared hoist is the great- 
 est of the three, you may find where use 
 is frequent that it is actually the most 
 economical. 
 
 Safety blocks are recommended for 
 use under any equipment that is being 
 worked under or around. The blocks 
 should always be used in such a way that 
 they support the weight across their 
 shortest dimension. 
 
 Use this table to select the cor- 
 rect size of I-beam for a hoist of 
 any given capacity. 
 
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YOU MAY NEED THESE . . , 
 
 Air compressor 
 
 The air compressor has four major 
 uses around the farm: Inflation of tires; 
 pressure greasing; cleaning equipment; 
 £nd spraying paint, wood preservatives, 
 and insecticides. It is desirable to pur- 
 chase equipment that is readily portable, 
 but skids, rubber tires, or carrying arms 
 may be mounted on stationary equip- 
 ment to make it portable. 
 
 • V 
 
 Minimum specifications 
 Tank-Mounted Air Compressor — %- 
 hp; repulsion induction motor, or gaso- 
 line engine; single-stage compressor; 
 pressure gauge; 20-gallon tank; displace- 
 ment 2 cubic feet per minute; output 
 pressure 150 psi. Weight approximately 
 150 pounds. 
 
 Battery charger 
 
 If you have four to six tractors or 
 trucks with battery electrical systems a 
 battery charger that operates on 110 
 volts will be a good investment. It will 
 serve to keep batteries charged and pre- 
 vent loss of time, and to charge batteries 
 of equipment that receives only periodic 
 use.. 
 
 Ordinarily a battery that is low can be 
 charged overnight but it is a good idea 
 to have an extra battery to prevent un- 
 necessary delays. A jug of distilled water 
 will facilitate servicing batteries. 
 
 Be sure to connect the correct termi- 
 nals when you install a battery in equip- 
 ment. When connecting a battery to the 
 charger be sure the + charger lead is con- 
 nected to the positive terminal of the 
 battery. The positive terminal can be 
 checked by one of the following : It is the 
 largest; it is marked +; if the battery has 
 the trademark on only one side the posi- 
 tive terminal is on that side. 
 
 Top: A portable air compressor is handy in 
 both field and shop. This one is mounted with 
 fuel and oil supply. Bottom: A battery charger 
 of medium capacity will meet most farm needs. 
 
Jacks 
 
 On any farm there is always a place 
 where a hydraulic jack of adequate ca- 
 pacity is desirable for heavy lifting jobs 
 as well as for straightening and aligning 
 machinery parts. Capacities of hydraulic 
 jacks vary from 1% to 100 tons. 
 
 Anvil 
 
 A good, heavy, rigid anvil will take 
 care of many bending and straightening 
 jobs. It also provides a flat surface for 
 pounding. It is desirable to have a 150- 
 pound, steel faced anvil mounted on a 
 base so that the face will be thumb tip 
 height. 
 
 "C" Clamps 
 
 You will find that a selection of several 
 sizes of "C" clamps in the shop will aid 
 materially in holding construction work 
 in place and will serve as rigid clamps to 
 prevent distortion while welding. The 
 recommended range of capacity is from 
 4" to 10". 
 
 Metal lathe 
 
 A metal lathe can be justified in a farm 
 shop only when there is a definite need 
 for it and when a skilled operator is 
 available. Metal lathes are rather costly. 
 Few farm mechanics can justify lathe use 
 in the farm shop. 
 
 Record files — a "must" 
 
 A desk and file for keeping records, 
 parts catalogs, plans, and operators' 
 manuals is very desirable. The file should 
 be made of metal, so that filed material 
 is protected from rodents. 
 
 Top: A hydraulic jack can do the heavy lift- 
 ing and will serve as a press for bending or 
 straightening. Bottom: Plan sheets, catalogs, or 
 operating manuals should be filed. 
 
 A continuing record of repairs and 
 improvements needed about the farm 
 provides slack season and rainy day 
 jobs. Notations should be made of needed 
 improvements or repairs when they are 
 first observed. It is also a good idea to 
 keep a record of repair parts equipment, 
 and supplies that are needed. This pro- 
 vides a ready reference that can be taken 
 along on regular trips to town thus sav- 
 ing many hours. 
 
Oxy-acetylene welding 
 and cutting equipment 
 
 If you have three or more tractors 
 with complementary machinery; and if 
 you or one of your helpers has the skill 
 to operate it, then oxy-acetylene welding 
 and cutting equipment is probably justi- 
 fied on your farm. 
 
 The equipment may be used for cut- 
 ting, heating, brazing, and hard-facing 
 (application of hard-facing alloys on 
 knives, disks, shovels, and other wearing 
 surfaces of tillage equipment). 
 
 Where there is much cutting to be 
 done, the only convenient method is by 
 means of a cutting torch. 
 
 Farmers may own their own oxygen 
 and acetylene cylinders or they can use 
 those loaned by gas companies. Since 
 most farmers use a limited amount of 
 oxygen and acetylene in their shops, they 
 have to be concerned with demurrage 
 charges made on the loaned cylinders. 
 The usual charge on the loaned cylinder 
 
 has been from 2 to 3 cents per day per 
 cylinder, after a 30-day loan period. 
 
 The companies that supply oxygen and 
 acetylene prefer that farmers purchase 
 cylinders. This eliminates demurrage, 
 the cost of billing for demurrage and 
 the cost of accounting for cylinders. In 
 times of cylinder shortage you will be 
 able to get oxygen and acetylene if you 
 have your own cylinders to exchange. 
 
 The sizes of oxygen cylinders vary 
 from 80 to 230 cubic feet and the acety- 
 lene cylinders from 70 to 275 cubic feet. 
 The cost of gas per cubic foot is slightly 
 higher in the small cylinder than in the 
 large ones. 
 
 Under normal use a 230 cubic foot 
 cylinder of oxygen will last the same 
 amount of time as a 133 cubic foot 
 cylinder of acetylene. When a consider- 
 able amount of cutting is done the oxygen 
 will be used at a much faster rate. 
 
 Minimum specifications 
 Welding torch or blowpipe with mixer (not always separate) , and No. 0, 1, 3, 5 and 
 8 welding tips; cutting attachment with sizes 1 and 2 nozzles, gouging nozzle for 
 gouging out grooves and welds and one heating tip, providing the equipment is to 
 
 Oxy-acetylene welding and cutting equipment can be operated from tanks 
 having varying capacities. 
 
Portable oxy-acetylene welding and cutting equipment can be used in the shop 
 or taken to the field when needed. 
 
 be used for heating metal. Oxygen and acetylene regulators; 15 feet of % 6 -inch twin 
 hose with connection; set of tip cleaners, friction lighter; welding goggles or No. 5 
 green cellulose acetate shield; and 6-way wrench. Oxygen and acetylene cylinders 
 are optional. Cylinder trucks may be made in your farm shop. 
 
 Forge 
 
 The forge is practically outdated in 
 most farm shops; oxy-acetylene heating 
 torches and carbon arc torches for arc 
 welders are now generally being used to 
 heat metal. If you do a large amount of 
 hot-metal work, however, the forge is 
 one of the least expensive methods of 
 heating iron or steel. It is also valuable 
 for preheating material before welding 
 
 with arc or oxy-acetylene equipment. 
 
 Some farmers purchase a geared 
 blower, piping, and fire bowl, and make 
 the hearth, hood, and legs out of steel or 
 masonry. The blower should have at 
 least a 12" fan with high-speed spindle 
 and ball bearings. If the forge is pur- 
 chased complete one of adequate size 
 should be obtained. 
 
 10-gauge steel hearth, 30' 
 
 Minimum specifications 
 36"; 30" high; high-speed blower with 12" fan. 
 
 [25] 
 
FOR EFFICIENCY . . , 
 
 The arrangement of the tools and 
 equipment in the shop is largely a matter 
 of personal choice, but a carefully ar- 
 ranged shop contributes to convenience 
 and to the amount of work that can be 
 accomplished. 
 
 Work benches should be located near 
 or against the walls of the shop. The 
 large shop equipment should also be 
 located near the walls. An effort should 
 be made to locate tools and equipment 
 
 used in the same type of work in the 
 same general area. Castered tool racks 
 save time and energy. If drawers are 
 used for storage of hand tools they 
 should be shallow. 
 
 It is often a problem to find suitable 
 iron or steel for construction on repair 
 jobs. A partial solution is to collect the 
 material and sort into rods, flat iron, 
 angle iron and channel iron. This can 
 then be set into horizontal racks or verti- 
 
 A CLEAN, ORDERLY SHOP IS 
 
 AND SAFETY 
 
 Fire extinguishers of the appropri- 
 ate type should be placed on a "fire 
 engine" red panel in accessible areas 
 near where the greatest fire hazard exists. 
 A soda acid, foam, or loaded stream type 
 extinguisher, or plain water should be 
 used on Class A fires (rubbish, wood, 
 textiles, etc.). Class B fires (paints, oils, 
 
 etc.) require blanketing type extinguish- 
 ers, such as vaporizing liquid, foam, dry 
 powder, carbon dioxide, or loaded 
 stream. Fires in electric motors and other 
 electrical appliances — Class C fires — re- 
 quire nonconductive dry powder, carbon 
 dioxide gas, or vaporizing liquid extin- 
 guishers. 
 
 Fire extinguishers should be placed near areas in which fire hazards are greatest and be easily 
 accessible. Color and cleanliness add to safety and pleasant working conditions. 
 
cal racks that slope 15 degrees, making 
 selections easy. The time it takes to keep 
 material stored is easily saved when col- 
 lecting material for a construction or 
 repair job. 
 
 A discarded milk can cut off at the 
 shoulder, or a 15 gallon barrel with 
 handles welded to the side serves as a 
 fireproof "junk" collector. 
 
 It is best to store lumber on horizontal 
 racks; some may be stored on racks in 
 
 the shop at sufficient height to give head 
 room under the rack. Steel may be stored 
 either vertically or horizontally. Storage 
 on portable racks under the benches is 
 satisfactory for either lumber or metal. 
 The air compressor and welders should 
 be portable — at least about the shop. The 
 drill press and grinders should be located 
 so that moderately long pieces may be 
 handled without obstruction around the 
 equipment. 
 
 USUALLY A SAFE SHOP 
 
 Color. The National Safety Council has accepted a safety color code as a standard 
 for agriculture. These colors improve visibility and point out danger spots about the 
 shop. The safety colors are caution blue, safety green, alert orange, danger red and 
 high visibility yellow. They are usually available where paint is sold. A gloss enamel 
 for both wood and metal gives excellent results. The use of light-colored paint will 
 improve vision and make working conditions more pleasant. The following colors 
 are recommended for painting your shop equipment: 
 
 Caution Blue 
 (medium dark) 
 
 Ivory 
 
 Safety Green 
 (pea green) 
 
 Alert Orange 
 (yellow-orange) 
 
 Danger Red 
 ("fire engine") 
 
 High- Visibility Yellow 
 (canary yellow) 
 
 Power and light panels — Base of switches and convenience 
 outlets — tags designating out of order. 
 
 Edges of benches — Edge of tool and machine tables and 
 vice jaws. 
 
 First aid and safety equipment — Body and base of all ma- 
 chines and equipment. 
 
 Inside of gear, belt or other guards or doors where danger 
 lurks. Parts of machines or equipment that might crush, 
 cut, shock or otherwise injure. Faces of convenience out- 
 lets and switches. 
 
 Location of fire fighting equipment, danger, stop and 
 gasoline. 
 
 All operating handles, levers, adjusting nuts and controls. 
 Protruding parts, low beams, and obstructions are marked 
 with alternating yellow and black strips usually diagonal. 
 
 [27] 
 
A CHECK LIST 
 
 The following is a suggested list of tools which you might wish to consider in 
 equipping your farm shop. 
 
 Your selection of tools depends on the activities you plan to undertake. Some 
 prefer to do complete overhaul jobs on power units, tractors and machinery; others 
 expect to do only the simpler maintenance tasks. It is not possible to give a complete 
 list of tools for all purposes, because special tools are needed for certain machines. 
 
 The tool lists that follow are classified into major work areas. It is granted that 
 the tools may be used in areas other than the ones in which they are listed. 
 
 Farm Structures and Utilities 
 
 Number 
 
 Name of Tool 
 
 Description 
 
 1 
 
 nail hammer 
 
 16 oz. curved claw 
 
 1 
 
 ripping hammer 
 
 20 oz. straight claw 
 
 1 
 
 broad hatchet 
 
 4" cut 
 
 1 
 
 combination square 
 
 12" grooved blade 
 
 1 
 
 carpenter's square 
 
 body 24", tongue 16" blued, with rafter or framing 
 table 
 
 1 
 
 steel tape 
 
 50' metallic 
 
 1 
 
 steel tape 
 
 10' 
 
 1 
 
 carpenter's level 
 
 24" plumb and level, hardwood or aluminum 
 
 1 
 
 wing dividers 
 
 10 inch 
 
 1 
 
 jack plane 
 
 length 14Mj", 2" cutter 
 
 1 
 
 cross cut or panel saw 
 
 26", 8 point, skew-back 
 
 1 
 
 rip saw 
 
 26", 5V2 point, skew-back 
 
 1 
 
 nest of saws 
 
 4 blades — keyhole, compass, plumbers, nail 
 
 1 
 
 brace 
 
 10" sweep, ratchet 
 
 lset 
 
 wood auger bits 
 
 1 /4" to 1" by 16ths with tang or V2" round shank 
 for power drill 
 
 1 
 
 expansion bit 
 
 2 cutters, %" to 3" 
 
 1 
 
 hand drill 
 
 capacity to %" 
 
 1 set 
 
 drill bits with stand 
 
 high speed steel, Yiq" to Ms" by 32nds 
 
 1 
 
 countersink 
 
 %", rose 
 
 3 
 
 screw driver bits 
 
 %", 5 /l6'\ %" 
 
 1 set 
 
 wood chisels 
 
 socket %", y 2 ", %", 1" 
 
 2 
 
 pipe clamp fixtures 
 
 fits %" pipe 
 
 4 
 
 "C"-clamps 
 
 4", 6", 8", 10" 
 
 4 
 
 hand screw drivers 
 
 4", 6", 8", 10" 
 
 1 
 
 woodworker's vise 
 
 4" x 10" or 4" x 7" jaws 
 
 2 
 
 wrecking bars 
 
 %" x 30" and %" X 18" 
 
 1 
 
 combination oil stone 
 
 1" x 2" x 7" coarse and fine 
 
 1 
 
 auger bit file 
 
 
 1 
 
 grinding wheel dresser hooded 
 
 
 3 
 
 nail sets 
 
 m«", % 2 ", y 8 " 
 
 1 
 
 wood file or rasp 
 
 12", half round 
 
 8 
 
 file handles 
 
 sizes 1 to 4 
 
 1 
 
 file card 
 
 iy 2 " x 5" 
 
 2 
 
 screw drivers 
 
 electrician's 3" and 6" 
 
 1 
 
 lineman's side cutting pliers 
 
 7" insulated 
 
 1 
 
 long nose pliers 
 
 6" 
 
 1 
 
 oblique cutting pliers 
 
 6" 
 
 1 
 
 American standard wire gauge 
 
 
 
 (A.W.G.) 
 
 sizes to 36 
 
 1 
 
 convertible wye level and 
 
 
 
 transit 
 
 10 power, 10" telescope 
 
 [28] 
 

 rod and target 
 
 9' graduated in feet and tenths of feet 
 
 
 steel tape 
 
 100' with reel graduated in feet and inches or 
 tenths of feet 
 
 
 soil auger 
 
 2" diam. 40" long (may be shop made) 
 
 
 round point shovel 
 
 10" x 13" long handle 
 
 
 brick trowel 
 
 10" blade 
 
 
 concrete trowel 
 
 12" flexible blade 
 
 
 concrete edger 
 
 2%" x 6" 
 
 
 concrete float 
 
 wood, %" x 5" x 14" shop made 
 
 
 balls chalk line 
 
 100 ft. each 
 
 1 set 
 
 masonry drills 
 
 fluted, carbide tipped %", %", Y 2 " 
 
 
 square pointed shovel 
 
 10" x 13", short handle 
 
 
 pipe vise 
 
 capacity Vs" to 2" 
 
 
 pipe stocks and dies 
 
 %", %", %", %", 1" 
 
 
 pipe burring reamer 
 
 capacity y±" to 2" spiral flutes 
 
 
 pipe wrenches 
 
 10", 14", 18" 
 
 
 flaring tool (copper tubing) 
 
 9 sizes y 8 " to %" O.D. 
 
 
 tube cutter and reamer 
 
 capacity %e" to %" O.D. 
 
 
 putty knife 
 
 W x 3%" elastic 
 
 4 
 
 paint brushes 
 
 2", 2V 2 ", 3", 4" 
 
 1 
 
 paint gun 
 
 external mix, 1 quart 
 
 Metal Work 
 
 Number 
 
 Name of Tool 
 
 Description 
 
 1 
 
 anvil 
 
 100 or 150 lbs., y 2 " steel face 
 
 1 
 
 cold cutter 
 
 1%", 16" handle 
 
 1 
 
 blacksmith's sledge 
 
 4 lbs., cross peen 
 
 1 
 
 sledge 
 
 8 1b. 
 
 1 
 
 machinist's vise 
 
 6" jaws 
 
 1 
 
 machinist's vise 
 
 3" jaws, swivel base 
 
 1 
 
 blacksmith's hammer 
 
 2% pounds 
 
 1 
 
 straight peen hammer 
 
 IMj pounds 
 
 2 
 
 ball peen hammers 
 
 1 and 2 pounds 
 
 1 
 
 bolt cutter 
 
 capacity y^" steel 
 
 3 
 
 cold chisels 
 
 %", %", %" 
 
 3 
 
 center punches 
 
 %", 7 /i 6 ", y 2 " 
 
 1 
 
 hack saw frame 
 
 adjustable 8" to 12" 
 
 2 
 
 files 
 
 10", mill bastard 
 
 1 
 
 file 
 
 12", double cut flat bastard 
 
 3 
 
 files 
 
 %g", %"» %" round bastard 
 
 lset 
 
 twist drills — with stand 
 
 high speed steel, Viq" to %" by 32nds, straight 
 
 5 twist drills 
 
 1 set combination screw-plate 
 
 shank 
 
 high speed steel, taper or 1 / 2 " round shank depend- 
 ing on chuck, sizes %g", %", %", %", 1" 
 taps and dies N.C. and N.F. 
 
 8 sizes each from %" to %"— 2" or 2%" collet (6 
 sizes y±" to %" N.C. used most.) 
 
 1 
 
 drill press vise 
 
 2%" x 7^4" 
 
 lset 
 
 Phillips screw drivers 
 
 
 1 
 
 wire brush 
 
 2y 2 " x 8" 
 
 1 
 
 electric soldering iron 
 
 200 to 300 watts 
 
 1 
 
 tinner's snips 
 
 combination 13", 3" cut 
 
 1 
 
 aviation snips 
 
 10", straight and combination 
 
 [29] 
 
Farm Machinery and Power 
 
 Number Name of Too! 
 
 set 
 
 set 
 
 set 
 
 set 
 
 -el 
 
 set 
 
 starter punch 
 
 pin punches 
 
 long taper punches 
 
 guard and sickle anvil with 
 
 rivet set 
 
 wheel and gear puller 
 
 service light 
 
 socket wrench set %" drive 
 
 combination box and open-end 
 
 wrenches 
 
 open-end adjustable 
 
 Allen wrenches 
 
 "vise-grip" type wrenches 
 
 tappet wrenches 
 
 slip joint plier 
 
 cotter key pliers 
 
 lever grease gun 
 
 piston type oil can 
 
 oilers 
 
 thickness gauges 
 
 outside caliper 
 
 inside caliper 
 
 valve spring compressor 
 
 bearing scrapers 
 
 ring compressor 
 
 spark plug socket set 
 
 water pump pliers 
 
 carbon scraper 
 
 tension or torque wrench 
 
 extractors (Ezy-outs) 
 
 battery hydrometer 
 
 knockout wheel pullers 
 
 pipe taps 
 
 speed indicator 
 
 jack 
 
 battery strap 
 
 Description 
 
 Vi" body, %6" point 
 Vs", 3 /lG", %" 
 y 2 " x 9, %" x 12" 
 
 medium duty, interchangeable jaws 
 
 40' cord 
 
 12 point, 17 sockets %" to IVi" with 7 attachments 
 
 12 sizes, %" to l 1 ^" 
 
 6", 8", 10", 12", 15", 18" 
 
 set, sizes %g" to %" 
 
 7" and 10" 
 
 set of 6, %e" to 1 %e" 
 
 10" 
 
 6 1 /£" diagonal 
 
 1 lb. capacity, high pressure 
 
 % pt. 
 
 % pt., welded seams 
 
 nine leaves .0015 to .015 
 
 6" 
 
 6" 
 
 Universal 
 
 cutting edge 1W, 2W, 3%" 
 
 Vi" to y 8 " by 16ths 
 
 capacity %e" to 1%" 
 
 flexible 
 
 i/2 square drive, range to 100 foot lbs. 
 
 y 4 ", %", y 2 ", %" 
 %" to iy 8 " 
 
 y 8 " and y 4 " 
 
 hydraulic, heavy floor, capacity 8 tons 
 
 Number 
 1 
 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 Name of Item 
 first aid kit 
 
 face shield 
 fire extinguisher 
 fire extinguisher 
 fire extinguishers 
 shop broom 
 
 Shop Safety and First Aid 
 
 Description 
 
 bandages, gauze "Bandaids," adhesives, antiseptic, 
 
 burn dressing, scissors, tweezers 
 
 6" clear cellulose acetate spring flex overhead band 
 
 Foam — 2% gallons (will freeze) 
 
 Vaporizing liquid, l 1 /^ quarts 
 
 C0 2 , 5 lbs. charge 
 
 4" X 18" head, stiff bristle 
 
 A selection of paints in "Safety" colors. 
 
 [30] 
 
In order that the information in our publications may be more intelligible it is sometimes necessary 
 to use trade names of products or equipment rather than complicated descriptive or chemical iden- 
 tifications. In so doing it is unavoidable in some cases that similar products which are on the market 
 under other trade names may not be cited. No endorsement of named products is intended nor is 
 criticism implied of similar products which are not mentioned. 
 
 Co-operative Extension work in Agriculture and Home Economics, College of Agriculture, Ur 
 cooperating. Distributed in furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8, and June 30. 191 
 
 10m-ll,'54(7438)W.P. 
 
PLAN 
 
 for your needs... 
 
 NOT TOO BIG NOR TOO SMALL 
 
 for efficiency.. 
 
 THE TOOLS YOU NEED 
 
 for safety... 
 
 AVOID ACCIDENTS AND FIRES 
 
 in your farm shop