University of California Berkeley 
 
BANCROFT 
 
 OF 
 THE 
 
 Socialist 
 Party 
 
 of 
 
 COLORADO 
 
 by ^Referendum ^Dote in 
 September, 1909 
 
 In Effect from MOV. 1, 19O9 
 
 Price, 2Oc Per Copy 
 
 E-ame?-; i Timers, 1748 St< 
 
 ^ 
 
CONSTITUTION 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 Name and Purpose. 
 
 Section 1. The name of this organization 
 
 shall be the Socialist Party of Colorado. It 
 
 shall toe an integral part of the Socialist 
 
 Party of the United States, affiliated with 
 
 the Socialist Movement of the world. 
 
 > Sec. 2. The purpose is to develop and 
 
 , maintain a political party, upon the basis 
 
 of the working-class interest, through or- 
 
 1 ganization, education and the use of the 
 
 ballot; to obtain the powers of government 
 
 , for the purpose of establishing an industrial 
 
 ! democracy and a co-operative common- 
 
 , wealth. 
 
 ARTICLE II. 
 Headquarters. 
 
 Section 1. The State headquarters of the 
 Party shall be in Denver, unless changed 
 by the State Committee, subject to member- 
 ship referendum. 
 
 ARTICLE III. 
 
 Principles, Policy and Tactics. 
 Section 1. The National and State consti- 
 tutions and platforms shall be the supreme 
 law of the Party organization; and all 
 minor platforms and by-laws must conform 
 thereto. 
 
 Sec. 2. The platforms adopted by any 
 minor political organization must be submit- 
 ted to the Executive Committee, and any ob- 
 jectionable part stricken out before it is 
 published. 
 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 
 Organization, Management and Authority. 
 
 Section 1. The units of organization shall 
 
 be: (1) Members at Large, (2) Locals, (3) 
 
 Branches, (4) Executive committees, (5) 
 
 1 
 
Central committees, (6) Political commit- 
 tees, (7) State officials, (8) and the several 
 committees from Precincts, Wards, Towns, 
 Cities, Counties, Districts and of the State. 
 Sec. 2. The management and authority 
 on all State party affairs shall be vested in 
 the ascending scale as follows: (1) State 
 Secretary, (2) Executive Committee, (3) 
 State Committee, (4) State Convention, and 
 (5) Membership vote. 
 
 ARTICLE V. 
 
 Initiative, Referendum and Imperative Man- 
 date. 
 
 Section 1. The supreme authority in this 
 party on all questions is the vote of the 
 membership. All party officials, committees, 
 delegates and political officers are the 
 agents of the membership and subject to 
 the supervision, reversion, instructions and 
 recall of the membership they serve, re- 
 gardless of what authority may be legally 
 vested in them. 
 
 Sec. 2. Any referendum to the party 
 membership shall be submitted through the 
 State Secretary, upon a motion of 10 per 
 cent, of the organizations in good standing; 
 or by a smaller number of organizations 
 having a membership of at least 10 per cent, 
 of the State. But in no case must there be 
 less than three organizations in three dif- 
 ferent counties. 
 
 Sec. 3. The Executive Committee or the 
 State Committee may upon a majority vote 
 of their own submit any question to a party 
 referendum. But on an appeal the Executive 
 Committee can by a 40 per cent, vote, and 
 the State Committee by a 20 per cent, vote, 
 submit the question. An appeal by the Ex- 
 ecutive Committee shall always first be sub- 
 mitted to the State Committee; but an orig- 
 inal question may be submitted direct to 
 the membership. 
 
 2 
 
Sec. 4. Every referendum must state 
 each question plainly, so that each can be 
 voted upon separately, without involving 
 any other part. A referendum may carry 
 with it an explanation as to meaning, but 
 one with an advocacy of or against some- 
 thing it proposes to change shall not be sub- 
 mitted. 
 
 Sec. 5. When a referendum vote of the 
 State membership is to be taken, the Secre- 
 tary shall mail to the financial secretary of 
 each Branch, a number of ballots, equal to 
 the number of members in good standing 
 and special ballots upon which returns can 
 be made. 
 
 Sec. 6. The Secretary can have printed 
 on the individual ballots instructions as to 
 when it must be voted and to whom re- 
 turned; also instructions as to when the 
 canvassed vote must be in the State office. 
 
 Sec. 7. When a motion for a referendum 
 has been properly made and supported, the 
 Secretary shall submit it within ten days. 
 If the Secretary neglects to do so the mover 
 may through his organization submit the 
 question direct, with an explanation. 
 
 Sec. 8. When a motion is made for a 
 referendum and not acocmpanied by suffi- 
 cient seconds, it shall 'be kept open for that 
 purpose for 30 days. 
 
 Sec. 9. If the referendum is an amend- 
 ment to the constitution, or to amend or es- 
 tablish some permanent rule for the Party, 
 it shall be submitted in regular printed or 
 type-written ballots and kept open for 
 amendments for 30 days. Then all properly 
 proposed amendments shall be printed and 
 submitted, in addition to the original ballot. 
 
 Sec. 10. An amendment to any referendum 
 that is open for amendment, must state 
 precisely what part of the original it pro- 
 poses to change and just how that particular 
 part will read. 
 
 8 
 
Sec. 11. To retain the right of an appeal 
 by referendum the motion must be made 
 within 30 days from the time of the act or 
 the decision. 
 
 Sec. 12. The financial secretary must 
 either mail a ballot on every referendum to 
 every member in good standing or else send 
 a notice by mail to each member, as to 
 when the ballots will be distributed at some 
 meeting of the organization. Special meet- 
 ings for this purpose can be called by the 
 Branch executive committee. 
 
 Sec. 13. On State Party membership ref- 
 erendums 30 days shall be allowed, and five 
 days more to be canvassed and returns made 
 to reach the State office. On referendum 
 submitted to the State Committee, the vote 
 shall close within 15 days, and to the Ex- 
 ecutive Committee it shall close within 10 
 days. 
 
 Sec. 14. The result of each referendum 
 shall be published by the Secretary to show 
 the vote of each organization. 
 
 Sec. 15. A question submitted by a Party 
 member to the Executive Committee or to 
 the State Committee, must be seconded by 
 another member from another county; but 
 an initiative or appeal to either of these 
 committees by an organization duly certified 
 to by a chairman and the recording secre- 
 tary is sufficient. 
 
 Sec. 16. A city, a county or a larger po- 
 litical division, may initiate and submit a 
 referendum in the same manner as the State 
 does. In districts where there are not over 
 five organizations one may initiate, but if 
 there are more it will require one organiza- 
 tion to second before it will be submitted. 
 In counties it should be submitted through 
 the regular county secretary; in larger dis- 
 tricts, through any one of the county secre- 
 taries, unless one for the district has been 
 designated. 
 
Sec. 17. Unless otherwise provided in 
 our constitution it shall require a majority 
 vote to decide on any referendum. In case 
 another vote is necessary, the two questions 
 or two persons having received the largest 
 vote shall be the ones on the next ballot. 
 
 Sec. 18. A member must belong to the 
 organization and be in good standing, and 
 must have been in good standing for the 
 previous month in order to be entitled to 
 vote on any political or party question. 
 
 Sec. 19. No member of a suspended or- 
 ganization shall vote, except by sending his 
 vote and membership card to the State of- 
 fice. 
 
 Sec. 20. By proof of his good standing, by 
 membership card, any member of a Branch 
 or at Large may vote on any question that 
 covers the district in which he lives. And 
 when such a vote is received the finan- 
 cial secretary must report the name and 
 residence of the voter, when the returns are 
 made to the State office. 
 
 Sec. 21. A referendum vote on all ques- 
 tions shall be by secret ballot. The finan- 
 cial secretary shall deliver to each voter a 
 ballot and an envelope. The voter shall 
 write his or her name and correct mail ad- 
 dress or residence on the envelope and en- 
 close the ballot sealed therein. 
 
 Sec. 22. The Local or Branch canvassing 
 board shall be the financial secretary and 
 two members selected by the organization, 
 when possible to do so. The returns must 
 be signed in ink, by the financial secretary 
 and at least one of the other members. Any 
 party member can be present when the 
 votes are counted. 
 
 Sec. 23. The envelopes containing the 
 ballots shall be opened only by the canvass- 
 ing board, by turning them over face down 
 and extracting the votes in such a manner 
 5 
 
as not to be able to know what ballot was 
 in any particular envelope. 
 
 Sec. 24. Before any votes are counted the 
 financial secretary must satisfy the can- 
 vassing board by his records and accounts 
 that all who voted were in good standing. 
 
 Sec. 25. An abstract of the votes cast 
 and the envelopes used must be sent to the 
 State office, marked "Abstract of Votes." 
 No other communications shall be put in 
 the envelope containing the certified ab- 
 stract, as it will not be opened until the 
 State canvassing board meets. 
 
 Sec. 26. No votes shall be counted by the 
 State canvassing board unless the returns 
 are made exactly in the manner herein pre- 
 scribed. 
 
 Sec. 27. In cities and counties where a 
 central organization has been adopted, the 
 returns shall be sent to the secretary of 
 the central committee and an exact dupli- 
 cate sent with the envelopes to the State 
 office. 
 
 Sec. 28. The ballots shall be kept in the 
 hands of the secretary of the organization 
 and the envelopes shall be kept in the State 
 office one year. 
 
 Sec. 29. The central committee shall can- 
 vass and tabulate the vote of the several 
 Branches and make returns of same showing 
 the vote of each Branch separately. 
 
 Sec. 30. The State canvassing board 
 shall be composed of the Secretary, at least 
 one member of the Executive Committee 
 and two party members selected by some 
 organization where the vote is counted. The 
 Secretary and two others shall be necessary 
 to canvass the returns. 
 
 The Secretary or Executive Committee 
 member may appoint substitutes for them- 
 selves. 
 
 6 
 
ARTICLE VI. 
 Membership Qualifications. 
 
 Section 1. Any person 18 years old, resi- 
 dent of Colorado, regardless of sex, race, 
 color or creed, who signs the regular appli- 
 cation as provided by the National Socialist 
 Party, and pays 25c dues for the month ad- 
 mitted, may 'become a member. 
 
 The application must be signed by a mem- 
 ber in good standing, and a majority vote 
 ol r the membership will admit the applicant. 
 
 Sec. 2. Any member of the party in any 
 state, may transfer to any Branch, Local or 
 to Membership at Large, in this State, by 
 signing an application and presenting his 
 or her membership card, showing good 
 standing until the first of the month in 
 which application to transfer is made. 
 
 Sec. 3. When an application is made with 
 a membership card, and the applicant has 
 no transfer card, the financial secretary of 
 the organization shall notify the secretary 
 of the former Branch or Local of this trans- 
 fer. If the applicant is not in good stand- 
 ing the necessary dues must be sent to the 
 former organization before he can be ad- 
 mitted to membership. 
 
 Sec. 4. Members of Branches or Locals 
 must be residents of the territory covered 
 by the organization, or reside in an unor- 
 ganized part of the county. He must live 
 within the county or become a Member at 
 Large. 
 
 Sec. 5. All members shall pay dues for 
 the month in which they are admitted, re- 
 gardless of the date. 
 
 Sec. 6. Each member shall receive a 
 membership card, on which shall be affixed 
 dues stamps for the amount paid. This will 
 be recognized as a receipt. 
 
 Sec. 7. Dues may be paid for any num- 
 ber of months in advance. Any member in 
 7 
 
arrears for three months shall be marked 
 ''suspended" on his account, by the finan- 
 cial secretary, on the first of the following 
 month. 
 
 Sec. 8. Suspended members shall not have 
 voice nor vote on any party matters, and 
 when six months in arrears shall be marked 
 "dropped" from membership, by the finan- 
 cial secretary, on the first of the seventh 
 month. 
 
 Sec. 9. A suspended member may be re- 
 instated upon payment of back dues to date; 
 but a dropped member can come in only as 
 a new member, and membership cannot 
 count back of that time. 
 
 Sec. 10. Any member unable to pay dues 
 can be kept in good standing by applying to 
 the organization, which can instruct the 
 financial secretary to affix dues-stamps on 
 the card, unless some other method is 
 adopted. But such dues-stamps shall not be 
 given for more than three months in arrear, 
 nor for more than three months in advance. 
 
 Sec. 11. Any person who asserts that po- 
 litical action is useless, or who asserts that 
 political candidates or the use of ballots is 
 no aid in the emancipation of the working 
 class, shall not be admitted to membership. 
 
 Sec. 12. Any person holding an elective 
 or appointive office, either honorary or re- 
 munerative, by or under the control of any 
 other political party, shall not become a 
 member. 
 
 Sec. 13. A political party is any number 
 of persons that present a candidate by any 
 means, at any election provided for by law, 
 whether it is recognized as a party election 
 or non-partisan. It includes elections for 
 members on the boards of education. 
 
 Sec. 14. An official position shall carry 
 with it official authority, and not be merely 
 the doing of some professional, clerical or 
 8 
 
manual work, as a wage earner under some 
 official. 
 
 Sec. 15. Positions that are gained under 
 competitive merit or civil service regula- 
 tions, such as schoool teachers and mail car- 
 riers 'are not classed as official political po- 
 sitions. Positions that the Socialist Party 
 is entitled to by law shall not be classed 
 as official positions. 
 
 Sec. 16. Upon the rejection of an appli- 
 cant for membership, an expulsion or a per- 
 manent withdrawal from the Party, the re- 
 cording secretary shall immediately notify 
 the State Secretary, who shall notify the 
 organizations in the State. If such person 
 makes an application to some other organ- 
 ization he shall not be admitted until after 
 the application is endorsed by the organiza- 
 tion where the rejection, expulsion or with- 
 drawal took place. 
 
 ARTICLE VII. 
 Members at Large Organization. 
 
 Section 1. Any person residing in a rural 
 political precinct, an incorporated town or 
 city, where there is no organized Branch or 
 Local, may become a Member at Large by 
 applying to the Executive Committee, 
 through the State Secretary, by sending a 
 signed application and not less than one 
 month's dues, which is 25c. 
 
 Sec. 2. In any county where there are 
 ten Members at Large in good standing, and 
 no organized Local, they may become a 
 Members at Large organization, by electing 
 a member of the State Committee, who shall 
 become the secretary of that organization 
 and the secretary of that county. 
 
 Sec. 3. When a Local is organized in the 
 county and is recognized by the State or- 
 ganization, the Members at Large organiza- 
 tion shall cease, and a new State Commit- 
 teeman shall be elected. 
 
Sec. 4. By proof of good standing a 
 Member at Large may vote in any Branch 
 or Local in the State, on any party refer- 
 endum or other question that covers the 
 territory he claims as his residence. But he 
 shall not vote on anything that is a ques- 
 tion of the Branch or Local organization 
 solely. 
 
 Sec. 5. Members at Large are eligible to 
 any party or political office in the State, 
 under the same qualifications as members 
 of Branches and Locals. 
 
 ARTICLE VIII. 
 Locals and Branches. 
 
 Section 1. Five or more persons may or- 
 ganize a Local or Branch in any city, ward, 
 incorporated town or rural political precinct, 
 where there is no such organization repre- 
 senting the same language or color. 
 
 Sec. 2. The appplication for charter must 
 be sent to the State Secretary, together with 
 15c for each charter member for first 
 month's dues, and not less than 50c for the 
 necessary supplies. 
 
 Sec. 3. A Local may cover either a rural 
 political precinct, a town, a city or a whole 
 county. It may be an undivided unit or it 
 may be composed of several Branches. 
 
 Sec. 4. In cities, towns and precincts 
 where there is a postoffice, the Local shall 
 be called by the name of the postoffice. 
 But where there is no postoffice within the 
 territory covered, the name may be the 
 number or name of the precinct, the school 
 district, or name of the locality, as selected. 
 
 Sec. 5. An organization that controls only 
 a part, in territory, language, or color, of 
 what the Local controls shall be called a 
 Branch. 
 
 Sec. 6. In cities all Branches shall be 
 known and recognized by the name or num- 
 ber of a ward, with language or color added. 
 10 
 
In towns or precincts only language and 
 color added to name of Local is needed. 
 
 Sec. 7. Each Branch and Local shall have 
 equal jurisdicition over its own members, 
 and be a unit of government and discipline. 
 Each may adopt such by-laws and rules as 
 it deems necessary, if they do not conflict 
 with State or National Party rules and dis- 
 cipline. 
 
 Sec. 8. The officials of a Branch shall 
 be the same as of a Local and shall perform 
 the same duties and be under the same dis- 
 cipline of their organizations. 
 
 Sec. 9. The permanent officials of a 
 Branch or Local shall be a financial secre- 
 tary, a recording secretary, a treasurer, a 
 literature agent, and an organizer. One per- 
 son may hold any two of these positions, 
 but no more. A chairman shall be selected 
 for each meeting. 
 
 Sec. 10. The meetings of Locals and 
 Branches shall be called to order by the 
 members of the executive committee in the 
 following order as they may be present: 
 (1) The organizer, (2) the financial secre- 
 tary, (3) the recording secretary, (4) any 
 party member, if the three officials are ab- 
 sent. 
 
 Sec. 11. Each Branch and Local should 
 have not less than one business meeting 
 each month. These shall be held in the ter- 
 ritory covered by the organization, except 
 by agreement with the organization that. has 
 the territorial jurisdiction. 
 
 Sec. 12. The organizer shall arrange for 
 agitation in unorganized territory, solicit ap- 
 plications for membership, procure watchers 
 for the polls and assist during political cam- 
 paigns. 
 
 Sec. 13. The recording secretary shall 
 keep a correct minute record of all proceed- 
 ings and transactions; he shall read these 
 minutes when called on; he shall read at 
 11 
 
the meetings all reports and communica- 
 tions that come into his hands, for the or- 
 ganization, and assist the financial secre- 
 tary with his work at the meeting, and draw 
 all orders on the treasurer. 
 
 Sec. 14. The financial secretary shall 
 keep a set of books that will at all times 
 show the standing of every member; shall 
 issue and sign all the membership cards; 
 shall distribute the ballots on referendums 
 and sign all returns of a vote, with some 
 member of a canvassing board and return 
 same to the proper authorities; shall see 
 that no vote is counted unless cast by a 
 member in good standing; shall order dues- 
 stamps and supplies; shall read on the first 
 meeting of each month the names of all 
 members suspended or dropped from the 
 roll, on the first of that month; also those 
 re-instated the previous month; shall make 
 a regular report on the provided form, to 
 the State office, during the first week of 
 each month; shall, during the first and third 
 quarters of each year report to the State of- 
 fice the names and correct addresses of all 
 members in good standing and also a list of 
 names and addresses of those under suspen- 
 sion; shall send to the State office a copy 
 of all application cards of those admitted; 
 shall report all expulsions and state the 
 cause, to the State oflice; shall see that all 
 reports and communications that come to 
 him as an official, from the State or Na- 
 tional offices, are read at the first meeting 
 thereafter; shall use diligent effort in col- 
 lecting dues from all members and receive 
 all money, that is coming to the organiza- 
 tion, from any source. 
 
 Sec. 15. The treasurer shall receive 
 money and pay it out only on an order 
 signed by the chairman of the meeting and 
 the recording secretary; and keep a cor- 
 rect account of same, with vouchers. 
 12 
 
Sec. 16. The literature agent shall have 
 charge of the literature; disburse and sell 
 the same; and render an account each 
 month, in open meeting. 
 
 Sec. 17. The officials of a Branch or Lo- 
 cal shall be elected for a term of six months 
 or a year, as the organization may decide. 
 The term for six months shall begin on 
 January 1st and July 1st. The term for a 
 year may begin at either of these dates. 
 But the officials shall hold and be recog- 
 nized until others are elected or they are 
 deposed, or in case the new ones fail to 
 qualify. 
 
 Sec. 18. The election should take place 
 during the month preceding the beginning 
 of the term. Notice of such election should 
 be announced at an open meeting before 
 the nominations are made or by a notice 
 mailed to every member, in time before the 
 election. 
 
 Sec. 19. Nominations may be made .by 
 voice or ballot, as the organization decides; 
 but the election must be by ballot, except 
 in cases where there is only one person 
 nominated for a position. 
 
 Sec. 20. All English-speaking Branches 
 shall be cabled American; and a person of 
 any language or color may be admitted; and 
 persons from any English-speaking country 
 should join this. Persons that are either 
 Germans or Austrians can join the German 
 Branch, on account of language. Swedes, 
 Norwegians and Danes should not have na- 
 tional organizations, but join a Scandinavian 
 Branch, as they understand each other. But 
 there may be formed a Bohemnian, a Hun- 
 garian, a Polish and a Finnish Branch, as 
 their languages differ from each other and 
 from their national governments. 
 
 Sec. 21. In order to be eligible to mem- 
 bership in a foreign-speaking Branch or Lo- 
 cal, one must understand and speak that 
 13 
 
language. But it is not necessary that the 
 business of the organization be conducted 
 in the foreign language. 
 
 Sec. 22. All organizations must use the 
 membership cards and affix dues-stamps for 
 the dues received, as that is evidence, over 
 the nation, of the members' standing in the 
 party. 
 
 Sec. 23. Each Branch or Local shall col- 
 lect 25c for each dues-stamp, of which 15c 
 is for state and national dues. Each county 
 or city organization may, by a majority ref- 
 erendum vote of the membership, assess for 
 propaganda or campaign purposes an addi- 
 tional sum, not to exceed 25c a month. But 
 a failure to pay such assessment shall not 
 be cause for censure or suspension. 
 
 Sec. 24. Each Branch or Local must pay 
 dues in advance, for at least five members, 
 in order to be in good standing. Dues must 
 be paid at least as often as once in three 
 months; and the month in which payment 
 is made is not counted as one of the three 
 months. 
 
 Sec. 25. The time for which an organiza- 
 tion has paid in advance will be figured on 
 the total membership in good standing, as 
 reported by the financial secretary in the 
 last monthly report received at the State 
 office. 
 
 Sec. 26. On the first day of the month fol- 
 lowing the month for which the dues have 
 been paid, or when the three months' limit 
 has expired, the State Secretary shall re- 
 cord on the account of such organization 
 that it is "suspended." 
 
 Sec. 27. Any Branch or Local can rein- 
 state within three months after suspension 
 and will be credited with reinstatement 
 from the day it is paid. If not reinstated 
 within that time, the Secretary shall mark 
 on the account of, that the "charter is for- 
 feited for non-payment." A reinstatement 
 14 
 
requires a payment of all charges up to the 
 date. 
 
 Sec. 28. Any organization that fails to 
 make a complete monthly report to the 
 State office for three consecutive months, 
 shall not be in good standing and shall not 
 be entitled, to participate in any referendum 
 or state party affairs, until the reports are 
 made. 
 
 Sec. 29. Women may organize Socialist 
 clubs for study and propaganda. The mem- 
 bers of such clubs need not all be Social- 
 ists, but the officials should be. 
 
 When so organized the club may hold 
 meetings under the auspices of the organ- 
 izations, but all who have charge or con- 
 duct such public meetings must be party 
 members. 
 
 ARTICLE IX. 
 *County Central Organization. 
 
 Section 1. Each county where there are 
 two organizations of either Locals or 
 Branches, may by a majority vote on a ref- 
 erendum, form a central organization to be 
 called a County Local; elect a county cen- 
 tral committee, and be chartered, the same 
 as any other organization. 
 
 Sec. 2. Each county that has adopted a 
 county central organization should have a 
 permanent headquarters, in some city or 
 town. 
 
 Sec. 3. When a County Local is formed, 
 all the existing organizations in the county 
 shall become Branches, on territorial, Lan- 
 guage or race-color divisions. 
 
 Sec. 4. The central committee shall be 
 composed of one delegate at large from each 
 of the Branches or former Locals, and as 
 many more as may be agreed on; but not 
 less than five on any central committee. 
 
 * Central committee means the delegate 
 committee elected as per Article IX, 4. And 
 the county central committee is referred to in 
 Article IX, 14. 
 
 15 
 
Sec. 5. The by-laws of such -organization 
 shall be submitted to the State Executive 
 Committee, and to a referendum vote of the 
 membership, before the central committee 
 will be recognized. The by-laws must pro- 
 vide for an initiative and referendum au- 
 thority. 
 
 Sec. 6. The central committee can select 
 a county organizer. The county secretary 
 provided for in Article XXI shall be the 
 secretary-treasurer of this committee; and 
 where the law provides for a chairman or 
 other name for a head of a political party 
 in a county the county secretary shall fill 
 that place. 
 
 Sec. 7. The central committee shall meet 
 at least once each month, or else provide 
 for a central mass meeting of the member- 
 ship. Whatever action is taken at one of 
 these central mass meetings shall have the 
 same effect and authority as of a regularly 
 called convention. 
 
 Sec. 8. The terms of the delegates to the 
 central committee shall begin on January 
 first and be for one year or six months. If 
 for six months the second term shall begin 
 on July first. They shall be elected by bal- 
 lot in each organization, during the month 
 previous to the beginning of the term. 
 
 Sec. 9. The central committee is the 
 agent of the county committee, and may 
 pass upon any matter that ordinarily goes 
 to the latter, but all acts and decisions are 
 subject to the revision and reversion of the 
 county committee and the party member- 
 ship. 
 
 Sec. 10. The central committee may pass 
 upon any complaint against a Branch, mem- 
 ber or oflicial in the whole Local; and may 
 suspend any of these, but refer to the 
 Branch membership if against an individual 
 and the Local membership if against a 
 Branch; shall arrange for both party and 
 16 
 
political nominations and conventions, ac- 
 cording to law; shall act as county cam- 
 paign committee and assume all duties of 
 county executive committee and propaganda 
 committee; and the county secretary-treas- 
 urer shall report each month to the State 
 office. 
 
 Sec. 11. Upon the approval of the acts 
 of the central organization the State Ex- 
 ecutive Committee shall allow 5c on every 
 dues-stamp sold in the county to be paid 
 into the county secretary-treasurer's hands. 
 The 5c a stamp turned into the county sec- 
 retary shall be used to pay expenses of 
 propaganda and campaign. 
 
 Sec. 12. Any member of the central com- 
 mittee may submit through the secretary, 
 any motion or question for a decision or 
 action. 
 
 Sec. 13. A majority of the delegates shall 
 be a quorum and a majority must vote on 
 any question submitted by referendum or it 
 will not be decided, either way. 
 
 Sec. 14. The county committee shall be 
 composed of one member from each politi- 
 cal precinct in towns and rural districts, 
 and one from each ward in cities. 
 
 Sec. 15. The party members of a ward 
 or precinct can select their own commit- 
 teeman; but in failure to do so these may 
 be selected by a mass meeting first, or by 
 the rest of the committee appointing. 
 
 ARTICLE X. 
 City Central Organization. 
 
 Section 1. Cities may organize into a 
 central organization, separate from the sys- 
 tem of organization the county may have. 
 It shall organize in the same manner as is 
 prescribed for county central organizations. 
 It shall have charge of all matters pertain- 
 ing to city affairs and have its representa- 
 tives in the county organization. It shall 
 17 
 
select its own secretary-treasurer and or- 
 ganizer. 
 
 Sec. 2. A city must have at least two 
 party organizations, on either territorial, 
 language or color line before it will be 
 chartered as a city central organization. 
 
 Sec. 3. If there is no county central or- 
 ganization the Executive Committee may al- 
 low to the city central organization, 5c on 
 every dues-stamp sold in the city, to be 
 used for propaganda and campaign purposes. 
 
 Sec. 4. The city committee shall be com- 
 posed of one member from each ward, to 
 be selected in the same manner as is the 
 " county committee. 
 
 Sec. 5. The wards shall have ward com- 
 mittees, composed of one member from each 
 political precinct, selected in the same man- 
 ner as city committeemen are elected from 
 the wards. 
 
 Sec. 6. When a city covers so much of 
 the county territory that there is not any 
 political precinct outside of the city, then 
 the organizations of the county shall be the 
 same as in the city and the committees for 
 the county shall be the committees for the 
 city, in so far as they can do the same du- 
 ties. The same committees shall manage 
 both city and county elections and the Local 
 and central organizations shall be called 
 city and county organizations. 
 
 ARTICLE XI. 
 Minor Executive Committees. 
 
 Section 1. The financial secretary, the 
 recording secretary and the organizer shall 
 be the executive committee of a Branch or 
 Local organization. If there are only two 
 persons holding these positions, the organ- 
 ization may select another person to act 
 on this committee only; but two shall al- 
 ways be a quorum to act, even if there be 
 three on the committee. 
 18 
 
Sec. 2. The duties of this committee shall 
 be to call special metings of the organiza- 
 tion, when needed; to arrange for speakers 
 and provide for meetings, when time does 
 not permit waiting for a meeting of the or- 
 ganization. 
 
 Sec. 3. When special meetings are called 
 a notice must be mailed in time to every 
 member in good standing; and the object 
 of the meeting must be stated. 
 
 Sec. 4. The acts of the executive com- 
 mittee of a Branch or Local shall be sub- 
 ject to revision and reversion by the or- 
 ganization only. 
 
 Sec. 5. This executive committee of 
 Branches shalll exist, without regards to 
 whether the county is under central organ- 
 ization or not. 
 
 Sec. 6. In counties where there is no cen- 
 tral organization or central committee, the 
 county executive committee shall be com- 
 posed of the members of the several Branch 
 and Local executive committees. 
 
 The organizations, however, may reduce 
 the number of members; but in no case 
 shall it be less than five. 
 
 Sec. 7. This executive committee of the 
 county shall see that the nominations are 
 made according to legal requirements; shall 
 plan for the political and propaganda meet- 
 ings of the county. In fact it shall be the 
 political and campaign committee of the 
 county, unless other provisions are made. 
 It shall meet when and where it decides 
 and all acts shall be subject to the revision 
 and reversion of the county committee. 
 
 Sec. 8. It may adopt rules and by-laws, to 
 regulate its order of business, and submit 
 same to the State Executive Committee. 
 
 Sec. 9. The county secretary, elsewhere 
 provided for, shall be the secretary of the 
 county executive committee. 
 19 
 
Cities. 
 
 Sec. 10. If there is no central organiza- 
 tion in a city, a city executive committee 
 shall be composed of the same officials and 
 in the same manner; and have the same du- 
 ties (in city matters), as the county execu- 
 tive committee has in county matters. It 
 shall attend to city matters only, under the 
 supervision of the city committee. It shall 
 select its own secretary and such other offi- 
 cers as may be needed. 
 
 Sec. 11. As there shall be no county ex- 
 ecutive committee in any county that has 
 adopted county central organization, so also 
 in a city, there shall be no city executive 
 committee if there is a city central com- 
 mittee. 
 
 Sec. 12. Counties where the city and 
 county cover the same territory, and where 
 there is no central organization this execu- 
 tive committee of the county shall be on the 
 same basis of duties for both the city and 
 county, the same as is provided for the city 
 and county committee. 
 
 ARTICLE XII. 
 Political Committees. 
 
 Section 1. The political committees for 
 the State, the counties, the towns, and pre- 
 cincts shall be the executive and central 
 committees provided for in this constitu- 
 tion; all subject to the supervision of the 
 general committees and party membership, 
 in the respective territories. 
 
 Sec. 2. The political committees for con- 
 gressional districts, judicial districts, legis- 
 lative districts for 'senators and representa- 
 tives, when covering more than one county 
 and less than the state, shall be composed 
 of the several State Committeemen within 
 the respective districts. 
 
 Sec. 3. These political committees shall 
 see that the nominations are properly made 
 20 
 
and that campaigns are conducted; that ac- 
 ceptances and resignations are turned in, 
 and assist in any way they see useful. 
 
 ARTICLE XIII. 
 Party Officials and Their Elections. 
 
 Section 1. The officials of the party shall 
 be elected by referendum vote of the mem- 
 bership and shall hold office until their suc- 
 cessors are elected and qualify, though the 
 term may have expired. 
 
 Sec. 2. The term of the regular State offi- 
 cials, including the National Committeeman, 
 shall begin on May 1st and be for one year. 
 
 Sec. 3. Between November 15th and De- 
 cember 1st the Secretary shall issue a call 
 upon the Locals, Branches and Members at 
 Large, to nominate candidates for the fol- 
 lowing positions in the party organization: 
 State Secretary, State Executive Committee, 
 the State Committeemen from the different 
 counties, and the National Committeemen 
 we may be entitled to. 
 
 Sec. 4. Each Local, Branch and Member 
 at Large may nominate one for each place 
 to be filled, except for State Committeemen, 
 where each should nominate two which will 
 be designated first and second nominations. 
 If more than one organization or Member 
 at Large nominate different persons, then 
 only the first in each case will be counted; 
 if not both will stand. 
 
 Sec. 5. Not over 30 days shall be allowed 
 for the nominatoins to be returned to the 
 State office, and 10 days will be allowed to 
 accept. Only those that accept the nomina- 
 tion and furnish their membership card or 
 a certificate from the financial secretary, 
 showing that they have been members long 
 enough and are in good standing, shall be 
 put on the ballot. 
 
 Sec. 6. When nominations are reported, 
 the correct mail address must be given, in 
 21 
 
every case so as to insure notice being 
 mailed right. 
 
 Sec. 7. Thirty days shall be allowed to 
 cast the ballots and five days more for the 
 returns to reach the State office. 
 
 Sec. 8. All who receive a majority of all 
 votes cast for that position will be elected. 
 
 Sec. 9. If a second ballot is necessary, 
 only those two who received the largest 
 number of votes for the one position snail 
 be candidates. This system shall be used 
 in all party elections, whether for State po- 
 sitions or smaller. Elections to fill any va- 
 cancy shall be conducted in the same man- 
 ner. 
 
 Sec. 10. A person must have been a mem- 
 ber of the party for three consecutive years, 
 and a member of this State Party one year, 
 to be eligible to the nomination of National 
 Secretary, National Committeeman or Na- 
 tional Executive Committeeman. 
 
 Sec. 11. A person must have been a mem- 
 ber of the party for two consecutive years 
 and a member in this state one ye,ar, to be 
 eligible to nomination for delegate to a Na- 
 tional Convention, a National Congress or 
 an International Congress of the Party. 
 
 Sec. 12. No person shall be nominated for 
 any State Party official position who has not 
 been a consecutive member of the party in 
 this state for one year; except for State 
 Committeemen in counties where the organ- 
 ization has not been consecutive that long. 
 
 Sec. 13. No person shall be eligible to 
 hold the positions of National Committee- 
 man and National Executive Committeeman, 
 at the same time; nor shall one person hold 
 the position of State Committeeman and 
 State Executive Committeeman at the same 
 time. The State Secretary shall not hold 
 either of the two latter named. 
 
 Sec. 14. No person who is editor, man- 
 ager or owner of a private periodical shall 
 22 
 

 hold any executive position in the party. 
 
 Sec. 15. Any person holding an official 
 Party position, who shall become suspended, 
 or the organization of which he is a mem- 
 ber becomes suspended, shall be deprived of 
 the position, unless he immediately shows 
 proof that he has been reinstated or become 
 a member elsewhere. 
 
 Sec. 16. Any member who announces 
 himself or advocates himself as candidate 
 for a Party official position shall be deemed 
 ineligible and subject to suspension or ex- 
 pulsion. 
 
 Sec. 17. When an organization nominates 
 any member for a position the secretary of 
 that organization shall notify the nominee 
 of the fact, and instruct him where to send 
 his acceptance or declination. 
 
 Sec. 18. The Executive Committee or the 
 State Committee may select a State Organ- 
 izer when they so desire and when one can 
 be used. When so selected, he becomes a 
 State official and he must comply in qualifi- 
 cations with all other State officials. His 
 official position shall end with the term of 
 the other State officials, unles sooner ter- 
 minated by the committee which selected 
 him. Anyone engaged as a speaker or or- 
 ganizer by the .Secretary is not considered a 
 State official. 
 
 ARTICLE XIV. 
 Political Nominations and Candidates. 
 
 Section 1. The political committees for 
 the different political divisions shall see 
 that nominations are made, either by con- 
 vention or by petition, after the candidates 
 have been selected by referendum; shall 
 see that the tickets are filed according to 
 legal requirements and that the require- 
 ments of our constitution are complied 
 with. 
 
 Sec. 2. The acts of the political commit- 
 
 23 
 
} tees shall be subject to the supervision of 
 the general committees and the party mem- 
 bership, the same as all other party affairs. 
 
 Sec. 3. In both delegate conventions and 
 mass conventions of the State, the repre- 
 sentation shall be one representative at 
 large for each Local (not Branches), and 
 one for each 25 members in good standing. 
 The membership shall be determined by the 
 amount of dues stamps bought during the 
 six months before the month in which the 
 call was made; or for the time organized, 
 if less than six months. 
 
 Sec. 4. Each delegate shall have only 
 one vote, and no proxies. But different Lo- 
 cals in the same county may select the 
 same representative; and when so selected 
 shall have as many votes as he represents. 
 
 Sec. 5. Each county where there are five 
 Members at Large and no Local organiza- 
 tion, shall have one representative. 
 
 Sec. 6. No suspended Branch or Local 
 shall be represented in any convention; nor 
 any organization that was not chartered and 
 paid dues for the month previous to the 
 month in which the call was made. 
 
 Sec. 7. No fusion with, nor agreement to 
 receive or give endorsement from or to any 
 political party, shall be made by any com- 
 mittee or organization of the Socialist party. 
 Any organization that sanctions such an 
 agreement shall have its charter revoked by 
 action of the Executive Committee. 
 
 Sec. 8. By political party or organization 
 is meant any number of persons who by any 
 metfcod present a candidate for any office 
 provided for by law, whether it be for a 
 member of a school board or any other po- 
 sition. But any organization that merely 
 endorses certain candidates, and does not 
 file a ticket is not a political party, within 
 the meaning of this constitution. 
 
 Sec. 9. No person who has within two 
 24 
 
years been an official or candidate of any 
 other party or member of the Citizen's Alli- 
 ance or similar organization, shall be eligi- 
 ble to any political nomination in any dis- 
 trict. 
 
 Sec. 10. Before any State political con- 
 vention is held, a referendum of the mem- 
 bership, to express the choice for nominees, 
 shall be called for. 
 
 Sec. 11. No nomination shall be withheld 
 in order to favor any person or party. And 
 any organization that does not expel any 
 member who proposes or advocates such, 
 shall have its charter revoked. 
 
 Sec. 12. No member of the party shall 
 announce himself a candidate for a politi- 
 cal office. And any member who advocates 
 his own nomination shall be deemed ineli- 
 gible and liable to expulsion. 
 
 Sec. 13. No member shall be eligible as 
 a delegate to a State convention unless he 
 has been a member in the state for a year. 
 
 Sec. 14. Whenever a member is elected 
 to any political office, he shall be subject 
 to the supervision of the party for the dis- 
 trict he represents, and anyone who re- 
 fuses to obey the tactics and mandates of 
 the Party will be subject to deposition 
 through recall. 
 
 Sec. 15. Delegates to a convention and 
 all nominees must show their dues-cards' or 
 a certificate from the financial secretary, 
 showing them in good standing for the re- 
 quired time. 
 
 Sec. 16. All acts of a State convention 
 which imply a platform or party program 
 shall be submitted to a membership refer- 
 endum vote. 
 
 Sec. 17. Whenever any organization nom- 
 inates any member for either a Party posi- 
 tion or a political office, the secretary of 
 such an organization must notify the nom- 
 inee of the fact and instruct him to whom 
 25 
 
he should send his acceptance or refusal, 
 which shall be the State office for all posi- 
 tions or offices covering more than a county; 
 for the county offices send to the county 
 secretary and for cities or towns to their 
 respective secretaries. 
 
 Sec. 18. All candidates for any political 
 office, nominated by the Socialist Party, shall 
 sign an undated resignation from such of- 
 fice, and deliver the same to the State of- 
 fice if it covers a territory larger than a 
 county. If it covers a county only it shall 
 be delivered to the county secretary. If it 
 is a city or town office or a smaller politi- 
 cal division, it shall be delivered to the sec- 
 retaries of the executive committees, the 
 central committees, or the political commit- 
 tees that have charge or control of the po- 
 litical management in the division from 
 which the nomination was given. 
 
 Sec. 19. No nominee shall be placed on 
 the legal ballot unless the resignation pro- 
 vided for has been signed and delivered. 
 And such resignation shall be dated and 
 presented to the proper legal officers, if a 
 recall by referendum has been had by the 
 meftf ers^-ip for the district involved. 
 
 &ov,. 20. Any candidate who does not 
 publicly refuse and protest against any fu- 
 sion or endorsement offered from any other 
 party, shall be held to have declined the 
 Socialist nomination, and his place shall be 
 filled like other vacancies, without any for- 
 mal proceeding; though he shall have a 
 right to be heard afterwards in his own de- 
 fense. 
 
 Sec. 21. No person shall be eligible as a 
 candidate for any political office, that is 
 either State or National (which includes con- 
 gressional), unless he has been a member 
 of the party for two years and of the party 
 in this state for one year, continuously next 
 preceding the nomination. Nor shall he be 
 
eligible for any other office unless he has 
 been a member in the state for one year 'ex- 
 cept in territory where the party has not 
 been in organization for that long, or have 
 no member qualified, that has belonged that 
 long. 
 
 ARTICLE XV. 
 
 Offenses and Violations of Members. 
 'Section 1. Any violation of any require- 
 ment necessary to become a member, or any 
 condition or conduct which is prohibited for 
 an applicant, in order to become a member, 
 shall be charges of offense. 
 
 Sec. 2. Any misbehavior or indecorum in 
 words or acts at a meeting of a Branch or 
 Local organization, such as abusive lan- 
 guage, refusal to obey the order of the chair- 
 man, without having an appeal sustained, 
 physical force or indecent language, shall 
 be sufficient cause for offense, so that a 
 vote may be taken at once, without argu- 
 ment or discussion from either side, to sus- 
 pend the offender from voice and vote. Such 
 suspension can be made for that meeting 
 only. 
 
 Sc. 3. A member must be ""isci^li^ed 
 for any of the following offenses: 
 
 (a) Any attempt to influence any mem- 
 ber of a jury, committee or organization, 
 before whom a case of offense has been 
 brought. 
 
 (b) For suggesting fusion or endorse- 
 ment from or for any candidate or organiza- 
 tion of any other political party. 
 
 (c) For advocating the election or defeat 
 of any candidate of any other party, except 
 when advocacy of the defeat of any other 
 candidate is coupled with the advocacy of 
 the election of a Socialist candidate for 
 that office. 
 
 (d) For proposing to vote for, or admit- 
 ting that he did vote for any candidate of 
 
 27 
 
any other party. This applies without re- 
 gard to whether the Socialists had a candi- 
 date in the field or not. And it applies to 
 all caucuses, conventions and primary elec- 
 tions, but not for nominating petitions. 
 
 (e) For allowing his name to appear on 
 the official ballot; or failing to publicly re- 
 fuse and protest against any endorsement 
 for himself as a candidate for office for any 
 party except the Socialist party. 
 
 (f) Embezzlement or misappropriation 
 of any party funds. 
 
 (g) Disobeying instructions as a Party 
 official or a political officer. 
 
 (h) Attempting to form a rival organi- 
 zation, while the regular organization is 
 recognized in good standing. 
 
 (i) For declining to support the State 
 or National constitutions or platforms. 
 
 (j) For excessive use of intoxicating 
 drinks: 
 
 ARTICLE XVI. 
 Revocation of Charters. 
 
 Section 1. The Executive Committee shall 
 suspend or revoke the charter of any or- 
 ganization for any of the following offenses: 
 
 (a) For the adoption of a constitution or 
 platform that is not in conformity with 
 the State or National regulations; provided 
 that ttie organization shall be notified to 
 correct the error. 
 
 (b) For neglecting or refraining from 
 making nominations when it was possible 
 to do so, and when there were members 
 that were qualified for candidates. 
 
 (c) For failure to support the regular 
 Socialist nominees for public office. 
 
 (d) For failure to expel any member who 
 has in any way violated the regulations or 
 committed any offense that is named in this 
 constitution. 
 
 Sec. 2. Any organization that knowingly 
 
 28 
 
admits an expelled member within two 
 years from the time of expulsion shall have 
 its charter revoked. 
 
 Sec. 3. Charges in writing must be filed 
 with the Executive Committee, either by a 
 properly certified statement of an organiza- 
 tion or by two members in good standing. 
 Upon this information the Committee shall 
 notify the accused organization, which shall 
 have 30 days to reply. 
 
 Sec. 4. Suspension by the Executive Com- 
 mittee for a limited time shall be final, but 
 indefinite suspension or revocation shall be 
 subject to appeal to the State Committee, 
 then to the party membership of the State. 
 
 ARTICLE XVII. 
 Recall. 
 
 Section 1. No charge shall be necessary 
 for an organization to initiate a recall of 
 any person and a recall does not involves 
 suspension nor expulsion from membership. 
 But the Executive Committee has the power 
 to suspend any official and appoint someone 
 temporarily to do the work of the position 
 while the referendum on a recall or charge 
 is pending. 
 
 Sec. 2. The Executive Committee or the 
 State Committee, toy a majority vote, may 
 initiate a recall against any party official or 
 officer. 
 
 Sec. 3. When any person is removed or 
 recalled by any means from any State posi- 
 tion or political office he shall be removed 
 from all trusts of the party at that time. 
 
 Sec. 4. Any member refusing to obey the 
 recall shall be expelled. And any Local or 
 Branch that fails to expel shall have its 
 charter revoked by the Executive Commit- 
 tee, upon notice. 
 
 Sec. 5. When a recall or a charge is in- 
 itiated or filed against a Party official or a 
 political officer, he shall be notified of the 
 29 
 
same in time to reply, before a vote is 
 taken on the question. 
 
 Sec. 6. Any member against whom a re- 
 call has been sustained shall have the same 
 methods of appeal as are allowed persons 
 on trial except in cases where a trial pre- 
 ceded the recall. 
 
 ARTICLE XVIII. 
 Judicial Proceedings. 
 
 Section 1. Any member may be censured 
 or suspended without trial or being heard in 
 his own defense for similar offenses to 
 those named in Sec. 2, of Article XV, but 
 no member shall be deposed, expelled or re- 
 called, without being given a chance to be 
 heard, providing he pleads not guilty or 
 denies the charge. 
 
 Sec. 2. When a member is accused of an 
 offense, the charge must be in writing, un- 
 less it is an offense described in Article 
 XV, Sec. 2. The charge must state specifi- 
 cally the kind of offense and the time and 
 place committed as near as possible. 
 
 Sec. 3. When the charges are presented, 
 the organization shall appoint a committee 
 of three or five to examine and report to 
 the organization. The accused shall be 
 served with an exact copy of the complaint 
 and the time set for him to be heard, which 
 should be from one to two weeks. Unless 
 he immediately notifies the secretary that 
 he cannot appear and sets the time when he 
 can give a reply the case will be called and 
 a vote taken on the information of the 
 charge. 
 
 Sec. 4. When the accused appears and 
 asks for a reasonable time to prepare, it 
 shall be set. The organization shall have 
 the same privilege to prepare. 
 
 Sec. 5. The accused shall have his choice 
 of a trial before a jury of six members or 
 30 
 
the membership, which must be stated the 
 first time he apppears to give his answer. 
 
 Sec. 6. In case of a jury trial both sides 
 shall have the right to challenge for cause 
 and each shall have three peremptory chal- 
 lenges. 
 
 Sec. 7. The accused shall also have a 
 right to a change of venue, to some other 
 organization in the county, by showing good 
 cause to the Executive Committee, who 
 shall designate the organization. Such 
 change must be a trial before the member- 
 ship. 
 
 Sec. 8. The organization and the accused 
 may each select some member as counsel 
 the conduct the case. 
 
 Sec. 9. The order of trial shall be: 
 
 (1) Calling to order and electing some 
 member for chairman and one for secretary, 
 who shall be the judge and clerk of the 
 trial. The judge shall preserve order, but 
 shall not be a witness on either side nor 
 give any opinion. His decisions may be 
 appealed from the same as in any other 
 meeting. The secretary shall keep the min- 
 utes of the proceedings and the testimony 
 on both sides. 
 
 (2) The charge shall be read and the ac- 
 cused shall reply, by stating either that he 
 denies the charge or that it is not an of- 
 fense. 
 
 (3) The prosecution shall produce its 
 witnesses first, then the defense; then re- 
 buttals on each side. Each witness may be 
 cross-examined in the usual manner, but no 
 new testimony shall be allowed in rebuttal 
 examination. 
 
 (4) Arguments on each side may be lim- 
 ited in time. The prosecution shall lead 
 and the defense close in the arguments, 
 after which the jury or the membership be- 
 fore whom the trial is held, shall without 
 
 31 
 
discussion take a vote by ballot on the fol- 
 lowing questions: 
 
 (a) Is defendant guilty of any charge 
 specified? 
 
 (b) If so, on what charge? 
 
 (c) Shall the penalty be censure, sus- 
 pension or expulsion? 
 
 Sec. 10. A majority of either jury or 
 membership before whom the trial is held 
 shall render the verdict. But an expulsion 
 cannot be made on the verdict of a jury un- 
 less it is unanimous nor by the membership, 
 unless a majority of the whole membership 
 in good standing was present at the trial. 
 If the verdict is expulsion, by less than as 
 above stated, the verdict can be submitted 
 to the membership, by referendum ballot, 
 and a majority of those who vote on it shall 
 render the decision. 
 
 Sec. 11. If the verdict is expulsion, the 
 defendant may appeal to the State Commit- 
 tee and the State membership. 
 
 Sec. 12. If the verdict is either suspen- 
 sion for more than 30 days or an expulsion, 
 rendered by a Branch organization, the de- 
 fendant may appeal it directly to the mem- 
 bership of the whole Local organization. 
 
 Sec. 13. A verdict of censure or suspen- 
 sion not to exceed 30 days by any organiza- 
 tion, shall not be appealable. And no ver- 
 dict for any penalty less than expulsion 
 shall be appealed to either State Committee 
 or State membership. 
 
 Sec. 14. In appeals the evidence produced 
 and verdict found shall be agreed to and 
 signed by both parties, then printed and 
 forwarded to each member of the State 
 Committee. 
 
 Sec. 15. The cost of the transcript to go 
 on an appeal shall be paid by the side that 
 demands the appeal. But if the final ver- 
 dict is for the defendant the cost shall be 
 paid by the organization. 
 
 32 
 
Sec. 16. A verdict in favor of the defend- 
 ant restores him or her to all former rights; 
 but an expulsion will be held against him 
 in the whole party. 
 
 Sec. 17. The verdict of State Committee 
 and State membership shall be by majority 
 as follows: "Shall the verdict of (organiza- 
 tion or jury) in case of 
 
 be sustained? Yes No 
 
 Sec. 18. Every case of suspension and 
 expulsion for offenses must be immediately 
 reported to the State office, stating the 
 cause of it and giving his occupation and 
 age. 
 
 ARTICLE XIX. 
 State Secretary. 
 
 Sec. 1. The State Secretary shall be the 
 Treasurer of the funds, and where the law 
 provides for a Chairman or other name for 
 the head of a political party, he shall fill 
 that place. He shall be the executive head, 
 under the immediate direction and super- 
 vision of the Executive Committee. 
 
 Sec. 2. He shall transact the necessary 
 work pertaining to the State office,, receive 
 money and pay bills which are authorized; 
 keep a list of names of officers, members of 
 Locals, Branches and Members at Large; 
 keep the correct and full minutes of all 
 transactions of the Executive Committee 
 and State Committee, whether by referen- 
 dum or meetings, and report same in month- 
 ly reports, or sooner, if needed; purchase, 
 sell and distribute dues-stamps and litera- 
 ture; issue and sign charters in conjunction 
 with the selected chairman of the Execu- 
 tive Committee; report to the National of- 
 fice as provided in the National organiza- 
 tion; report monthly to all organizations 
 and Members at Large the financial condi- 
 tions, which shall include all amounts re- 
 ceived and paid out, the amount of dues- 
 33 
 
stamps and literature on hand, the deficit 
 and total debt of the party. 
 
 Sec. 3. He may on his own initiative sub- 
 mit any question or appeal to tne Executive 
 Committee and State Committee, by corre- 
 spondence. 
 
 Sec. 4. He shall have charge of routing 
 the speakers and organizers, unless they are 
 specially routed by an executive or central 
 committee. 
 
 Sec. 5. He shall issue calls for State 
 nominations, elections and conventions; 
 shall submit all motions and referendums 
 when they come in the proper form; shall 
 publish the vote of each organization upon 
 every question submitted. 
 
 Sec. 6. He shall notify every organiza- 
 tion when it is suspended. 
 
 Sec. 7. He shall ascertain the exact stand- 
 ing of every state and national nominee for 
 either Party or political position, and not 
 permit anyone to go on a ballot unless qual- 
 ified according to State and National con- 
 stitutions. 
 
 Sec. 8. He shall not be a member of 
 either the State Committee or Executive 
 Committee, but he may be employed as an 
 organizer, with the consent of the Executive 
 Committee, when needed. 
 
 Sec. 9. He shall be subject to suspension 
 by the Executive Committee, while pending 
 a referendum to determine the question in- 
 volved. 
 
 Sec. 10. He shall furnish a bond in some 
 surety company, in such sum as shall be re- 
 quired by the Executive Committee. The 
 expense to be paid out of the party funds. 
 
 Sec. 11. If he fails to secure surety bond 
 in 60 days, the Executive Committee shall 
 declare the position vacant. If the Execu- 
 tive Committee fails to look after this, each 
 one of the members shall be held responsi- 
 ble for any loss that may occur. 
 34 
 
Sec. 12. While the party membership 
 does mot exceed 1,000, computed by the av- 
 erage dues-stamps sold during the year, the 
 monthly salary of the Secretary shall be 
 $25.00 for all the regular work required in 
 the Office. When there is extra work and 
 time required in nominations, elections and 
 organization, the Executive Committee may 
 allow extra pay. But such pay to the Sec- 
 retary or his help shall not exceed during 
 the year an amount more than will equal 
 5 cents on each dues-stamp sold, nor any 
 amount that will create a debt against the 
 Party. 
 
 Sec. 13. He shall provide his own office 
 room at his own expense, and pay his own 
 transportation in attending the meetings of 
 the Executive Committee. 
 
 ARTICLE XX. 
 State Executive Committee. 
 
 Section 1. The State Executive Commit- 
 tee shall consist of five members, but not 
 more than two shall reside in the same 
 county, nor more than three within the 
 same congressional district. 
 
 Sec. 2. The nominations and elections of 
 members on this Committee shall be made 
 as follows: Nominations shall be made by 
 the State at large, at the same time and in 
 same manner as for other State party offi- 
 cials. But two nominees must reside in the 
 first and two in the second congressional 
 district. When the election vote is counted, 
 the. one having received the largest vote 
 shall be declared to be elected for the dis- 
 trict of the State at large. The others 
 elected shall be the two in each congres- 
 sional district that have the largest major- 
 ity votes in the congressional district in 
 which the nominees reside. If no one in 
 one district has a larger vote than some in 
 the other district, then the ones having the 
 35 
 
largest in that district shall be declared 
 elected for that district, provided he has a 
 majority over the others residing in that 
 district, by counting the total vote of the 
 state. If part of this Committee is elected 
 the candidates on the second ballot shall 
 be apportioned so as to assure at least two 
 members residing in each of the first and 
 second congressional districts, regardless of 
 the residence of the member at large if 
 elected. The same rule in regards to county 
 residence must apply. 
 
 Sec. 3. Three members shall constitute a 
 quorum, except when filling a vacancy; then 
 two shall be sufficient to appoint. 
 
 Sec. 4. The transportation fare for at- 
 tending meetings of the Committee shall be 
 paid out of the party funds. But the maxi- 
 mum fare to be paid for any one member 
 shall not exceed $5.00 per trip. 
 
 Sec. 5. This Committee is the agent of 
 the State Committee and all acts and deci- 
 sions by it shall be considered as the acts 
 of the State Committee, until reversed. 
 
 Sec. 6. This Committee shall select one 
 of its members to be designated as chair- 
 man, to whom communications and motions 
 to be submitted, may be sent, instead of the 
 Secretary. 
 
 Sec. 7. Any member of the Committee 
 who is absent from one meeting and not 
 present at the time the next meeting is 
 called to order shall be deemed to have re- 
 signed. The place shall be temporarily 
 filled by appointment, until someone is 
 elected. 
 
 Sec. 8. It shall adopt its own rules of 
 procedure, in conformity with the rules and 
 regulations of the party organization. 
 
 Sec. 9. It shall meet on its own initiative 
 or on the call of the Secretary, at least once 
 in three months, at the place where the 
 headquarters is located. 
 36 
 
Sec. 10. The business between meetings 
 shall be conducted through correspondence 
 and referendum, the same as the State Com- 
 mittee transacts its business. 
 
 Sec. 11. It shall audit the books of the 
 Secretary as often as once every six months; 
 pass upon admission of Members at Large 
 and granting charters; and have general 
 supervision of all financial affairs, propa- 
 ganda, organization, political nominations 
 and campaigns, unless otherwise arranged 
 by a higher authority. 
 
 Sec. 12. It shall prepare or appoint a 
 committee to present to a state convention 
 a draft of rules of procedure and a party 
 platform. 
 
 Sec. 13. It may suspend or expel Mem- 
 bers at Large. It may suspend or expel any 
 Branch or Local, while pending a referen- 
 dum to higher authority. 
 
 Sec. 14. Members of this Committtee 
 may be suspended from service by the State 
 Committee, while pending a referendum to 
 the party membership. 
 
 Sec. 15. It may refer any question to the 
 State Committee on a motion by any one 
 of the members. 
 
 ARTICLE XXI. 
 
 State Committee. 
 
 Section 1. The State Committee shall be 
 composed of one member at large from 
 each county that has at least .one organized 
 Local in good standing, or ten Members at 
 Large in good standing; and one additional 
 member for each one hundred members in 
 good standing, to be determined by the num- 
 ber of dues-stamps bought during the last 
 six months, or the time of each organiza- 
 tion, if less than six months. 
 
 Sec. 2. The State Committeeman shall be 
 the county secretary, and where the law 
 provides for a county chairman or other 
 37 
 
name for political head he shall fill that po- 
 sition. He shall also be the treasurer of 
 the funds, and shall give such bonds as are 
 determined by the county organization, to 
 be deposited with the State Secretary, as 
 soon as executed and approved. 
 
 Sec. 3. In counties where there are more 
 than one State Committeeman, the organi- 
 zations shall by ballot referendum sent from 
 State office select who shall be county sec- 
 retary. 
 
 Sec. 4. The State Committee shall trans- 
 act all its business by correspondence and 
 decide any question by referendum, except 
 when a party membership referendum shall 
 call on the Committee to meet. 
 
 Sec. 5. All acts of the Secretary and 
 Executive Committee, unless otherwise es- 
 pecially provided in this constitution, shall 
 be subject to the action of this body; and 
 all its acts shall be subject to revision and 
 reversion of the State convention and the 
 . party membership. 
 
 Sec. 6. Unless there is some motion in- 
 itiated or criticism made within 15 days 
 from the time the report is sent from 
 the Secretary's office the acts reported 
 shall be taken as having been approved of. 
 And all who fail to report within 15 days 
 on any acts of the Executive Committee, 
 shall be deemed to have resigned and the 
 Executive Committee may appoint tempo- 
 rarily to fill vacancy. Then the Secretary 
 shall notify the county to elect, and the 
 person deposed shall not be eligible to re- 
 election. 
 
 Sec. 7. The members of the State Com- 
 mittee shall submit their motions through 
 the Secretary. 
 
 Sec. 8. The State Committee shall vote 
 
 on any motion within 15 days from the time 
 
 it has been mailed from the State office, and 
 
 a motion on which a majority of the Com- 
 
 38 
 
mittee does not vote shall be declared lost. 
 Sec. 9. It shall select and designate one 
 of its members as chairman of the Commit- 
 tee to whom communications on Party af- 
 fairs may be sent when necessary. 
 
 ARTICLE XXII. 
 
 Order of Business and Rules of Order. 
 Section 1. In all regular meetings of Lo- 
 cals and Branches the order shall be: 
 1 Call to order. 
 2 Election of chairman. 
 3 Reading of minutes. 
 4 Reports on applications and admissions. 
 5 New applications and disposition. 
 6 Communications. 
 7 Bills. 
 
 8 Reports of special committees. 
 9 Reports of standing committees. 
 10 Reports of officials and delegates. 
 11 Unfinished business. 
 12 New business. 
 13 Good and welfare. 
 
 14 Reports of receipts and disbursements. 
 15 Adjournment. 
 
 Sec. 2. Under the order of Good and Wel- 
 fare no motion shall be entertained except 
 to suspend the rules for some specific pur- 
 pose. This must have two-thirds vote and 
 not debatable. 
 
 Sec. 3. For all deliberative meetings 
 properly called, ten per cent, of the mem- 
 bers in good standing, but not less than 
 three, shall be a quorum in any organiza- 
 tion, except committee meetings. 
 
 Sec. 4. The ayes and nays on any ques- 
 tion may be demanded by one-third of the 
 members present, by counting. 
 
 Sec. 5. A call of the membership for 
 either the present or a future stated time 
 may be ordered by a majority of those 
 present, even if there is not a quorum. 
 Sec. 6. A majority vote shall decide all 
 39 
 
questions except to suspend regular estab- 
 lished rules, which, shall require a two-thirds 
 vote. 
 
 Sec. 7. Any organization may adopt rules 
 of order and order of business, different 
 from these, but such rules must be definite- 
 ly recorded in the regular minutes of the 
 organization, to be valid. 
 
 Sec. 8. No rules provided for in this ar- 
 ticle, nor any rules adopted by any organi- 
 zation shall change or interfere with the 
 rules of judicial proceedings in Article 
 XVIII. 
 
 Sec. 9. Roberts' Rules of Order shall be 
 the authority in all deliberative and busi- 
 ness meetings, except when otherwise 
 adopted in this constitution or adopted by 
 some organization. 
 
 ARTICLE XXIII. 
 Amendments and Adoption. 
 
 Sec. 1. An amendment to this constitu- 
 tion can be submitted acording to Sees. 2, 
 3 and 9 of Article V. 
 
 Sec. 2. This constitution shall take ef- 
 fect and be in force on the first of the fol- 
 lowing month after adoption. 
 
 Sec. 3. It repeals and annuls any former 
 constitution. 
 
 40 
 
Index to State Constitution 
 
 Authority. 
 
 Constitution and Platform, III, 1. 
 
 Vested in, IV, 2. 
 
 Membership Supreme, V, 1. 
 
 State Executive Committee, XX, 5. 
 
 County Central Committee, IX, 9, 10. 
 
 Local Executive Committee, XI, 4. 
 
 APPEALS. 
 
 By Executive and State Committees, V, 3. 
 
 Time Limit of, V, 9. 
 
 To Executive or State Committee, V, 15. 
 
 On Recall, XVII, 6. 
 
 On Verdict for Offense, XVIII, 11, 12, 13. 
 APPOINTMENTS. 
 
 Of State Organizer, XIII, 18. 
 
 Of Executive Committee Members, XX, 7. 
 
 Of State Committee Members, XXI, 6. 
 AMENDMENTS. 
 
 To State Constitution, XXIII, 1. 
 
 To Referendums, V, 9, 10. 
 ACCEPTANCES. 
 
 Party and Political Candidates, XIV, 17; 
 
 XIII, 5. 
 APPLICATIONS. 
 
 Charter for Locals and Branches, VIII, 2. 
 
 For Membership, VI, 1, 2, 3. 
 ASSESSMENTS. 
 
 By County or City, VIII, 23. 
 BONDS. 
 
 State Secretary, XIX, 10, 11. 
 
 County Treasurer, XXI, 2. 
 BY-LAWS. 
 
 Ill, 1, 2; VIII, 7; IX, 5; XI, 8. 
 BALLOT. 
 
 Political, I, 2. 
 
 How Used and Kept, V, 21, 28. 
 
 Must Be Used, VIII, 19; IX, 8, 
 
 Second, XIII, 9. 
 
 41 
 
BRANCHES. 
 
 Definition, VIII, 5. 
 
 Name of VIII, 6, 20. 
 
 Jurisdiction of, VIII, 7. 
 
 Officials of, VIII, 8, 9. 
 
 Reinstatement of, VIII, 27. 
 
 Forfeiture of Charter, VIII, 27. 
 
 Must Report, VIII, 28. 
 
 Under Central Organization, IX, 3. 
 CHARTERS. 
 
 Granting of, XX, 11. 
 
 Central Organization, IX, 1. 
 
 Locals and Branches, VIII, 2. 
 COMPLAINTS. 
 
 Before Central Organization, IX, 10. 
 
 CHARGES. 
 
 Against Organization by Executive Com- 
 mittee, XVI, 2. 
 CONVENTIONS. 
 
 Arrangement for, IX, 10. 
 
 Representation in State, XIV, 3. 
 
 Choice of Nominees, XIV, 10. 
 CANDIDATES. 
 
 Party Positions, XIII, 5, 10, 11. 
 
 Ineligibility, XIII, 12, 13, 14, 16; XIV, 
 20, 21. 
 
 Notice to, XIII, 17. 
 
 Political, XIV. 
 
 Qualifications, XIV, 15. 
 
 Ineligibility, XIV, 9, 12. 
 COMMITTEES. 
 
 General State, XXI. 
 
 County, IX, 14, 15. 
 
 City, X, 4. 
 
 City and County, X, 6. 
 
 Ward, X, 5. 
 
 (Executive) 
 
 General State, XX. 
 
 County, XI, 6, 7. 
 
 City, XI, 10, 11. 
 
 City and County, XI, 12. 
 
 Local and Branch, V, 1, 2; XI, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 
 42 
 
County Central IX, 1, 4. 
 (Political), IV; IX, 10; XII; XIV, 1, 2; 
 XX, 11. 
 
 County, XI, 7. 
 
 CHAIRMAN. 
 State XIX, 1. 
 
 Of Executive Committee, XIX, 2; XX, 6. 
 Of State Committee, XXXI, 9. 
 County XXXI, 2; IX, 6. 
 Local Meeting, VIII, 9. 
 
 CANVASSING BOARD. 
 
 State, V, 26, 30. 
 
 Local and Branch, V, 22, 23, 24. 
 
 Central Committee, V, 27, 29. 
 DUES. 
 
 Locals and Branches, VIII, 23. 
 
 Time Limit, VIII, 24, 25. 
 
 Members, VI, 1, 5, 7; VII, 1; VIII, 23. 
 
 Members Unable To Pay, VI, 10. 
 
 Refund to County Secretary, IX, 11. 
 
 Refund to City Organization, X, 3. 
 
 DELEGATES. 
 
 National and International, XIII, 11. 
 Central Committee, IX, 4, 8, 13. 
 Political, XIV, 3, 4, 5, 15. 
 Political Ineligibility, XIV, 6, 13. 
 
 DEPOSITION. 
 
 Party Officials, XIII,. 15; XIV, 14; XVII, 3. 
 
 ELECTIONS. 
 
 Locals and Branches, VIII, 17, 18, 19. 
 
 Central Delegates, IX, 8. 
 
 State, XIII. 
 
 Nominees Second Ballot, XIII, 9. 
 
 Executive Committee, XX, 2. 
 
 Political, XIV. 
 
 EXPULSION. 
 
 For Withholding Nomination, XIV, 11. 
 For Advocating Own Candidacy, XIV, 12. 
 For Refusing Recall, XVII, 4. 
 How Verdict Is Rendered, XVIII, 10, 11. 
 43 
 
FUSION. 
 
 By Organization, XIV, 7. 
 
 By Candidate, XIV, 20. 
 GOOD STANDING. 
 
 Organizations, When Not in, VIII, 28. 
 HEADQUARTERS. 
 
 State, II. 
 
 County Central Committee, IX, 2. 
 JUDICIAL PROCEDURE. 
 
 Individual Offenses, XVIII. 
 JURISDICTION. 
 
 Branch and Local, VIII, 7. 
 LITERATURE AGENT. 
 
 VIII, 9, 16. 
 MANAGEMENT. 
 
 Where Vested in State, IV, 2. 
 MAJORITY. 
 
 On Any Referendum, V, 17. 
 
 On Central Delegates, IX, 13. 
 
 On Elections, XIII, 8. 
 
 On State Committee Motions, XXI, 8. 
 
 Local Meetings, XXII, 6. 
 MEETINGS. 
 
 Locals and Branches, VIII, 10. 
 
 When and Where, VIII, 11. 
 
 Special, V, 12; XI, 2. 
 
 Central Committee, IX, 7. 
 
 Membership, IX, 7. 
 MEMBERSHIP AT LARGE. 
 
 All of VII. 
 MEMBERSHIP CARD. 
 
 VI, 6; VIII, 22. 
 MEMBERSHIP. 
 
 Qualifications for, VI, 1, 4. 
 
 Foreign-Speaking, IX, 2. 
 
 Objections, VI, 11, 12, 16. 
 
 When Dropped, VI, 8. 
 
 Reinstatement, VI, 9. 
 
 Qualification To Vote, V, 18, 20; VI, i 
 
 When Not Qualified To Vote, V, 19. 
 NOMINATIONS. 
 
 Local Officials, VIII, 19. 
 
 44 
 
Central Committee Shall Provide for, 
 IX, 10. 
 
 County Executive Committee Shall Pro- 
 vide for, XI, 7. 
 
 For Party State Officials, XIII, 3, 4, 5, 6, 17 
 
 Of Executive Committee, XX, 2. 
 
 Political, XIV, 9, 17. 
 
 Political Committee, XII, 3. 
 OFFICIALS. 
 
 Qualifications for Party, XIII, 11, 12, 13, 
 14, 15, 16. 
 
 Local and Branch, VIII, 8, 9, 17, 18, 19. 
 
 Central Committee, IX, 6. 
 
 State, XIII, 3. 
 ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 Units of, IV, 1. 
 
 Members at Large, VII, 2. 
 
 State, IV. 
 
 County, IX. 
 
 City, X; XI, 10, 11, 12. 
 
 Central, IX; X. 
 
 City and County, X, 6. 
 
 Local Territory and Name, VIII, 3, 4. 
 ORGANIZER. 
 
 State, XIII, 18. 
 
 County, IX, 6. 
 
 City, X, 1. 
 
 Local, VIII, 9, 12. 
 OFFENSES. 
 
 Of Members, XIII, 16; XV. 
 
 Of Organizations, XVI. 
 PLATFORMS AND PROGRAMS. 
 
 State, XIV, 16; III; XX, 12. 
 POLITICAL PARTIES. 
 
 VI, 13; XIV, 8. 
 
 Positions, VI, 12, 14, 15; XIV, 12. 
 QUORUMS. 
 
 Local and Branch, XXII, 3. 
 
 Local Executive Committee, XI, 1. 
 
 Central Delegates, IX, 13. 
 
 State Executive Committee, XX, 3. 
 QUESTIONS. 
 
 To Executive Committee, V, 15. 
 
 45 
 
Central Committee Member May Submit, 
 
 IX, 12. 
 RULES AND PROCEDURE. 
 
 State Executive Committee, XX, 8. 
 
 State Conventions, XX 12. 
 
 Trials, XVIII. 
 
 Rules of Order, XXII. 
 REINSTATEMENT. 
 
 Of Organizations, VIII, 27. 
 RESIGNATIONS. 
 
 Political, XIV, 18, 19. 
 
 Executive Committee Member, XX, 7. 
 
 State Committee Member, XXI, 6. 
 REPORTS. 
 
 Local Organizations, VIII, 28. 
 
 Central Committee Secretary, IX, 10. 
 
 State Committee Members, XXI, 6. 
 REFERENDUMS. 
 
 Initiation by Organization, V, 2. 
 
 Initiation by Executive Committee, V, 3. 
 
 Initiation by State Committee, V, 3. 
 
 Who Shall Submit, V, 7. 
 
 Amendments on V, 9, 10. 
 ' Time for, V, 13.' 
 
 Seconds to, V, 8, 15, 16. 
 
 Majority on, V, 17. 
 
 Results Published, V, 14. 
 
 Returns on, V, 5, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. 
 
 By Ballot, V, 21. 
 
 For Party Positions, XIII, 7, 8. 
 
 Platform and Program; XIV, 16. 
 
 Central Committee Member May Submit, 
 IX, 12. 
 
 For Political Candidates, XIV, 10. 
 
 Of Executive Committee, XX, 10, 15. 
 
 Of State Committee, XXI, 7, 8. 
 REVERSION. 
 
 V, 1. 
 
 County committee to Central Committee, 
 
 IX 9 
 REVOCATION. 
 
 For Fusion, XIV, 7, 11, all of XVI. 
 
 On Refusing Recall, XVII, 4. 
 46 
 
RECALL. 
 
 Of Party Officials, V, 1; XIV, 14, and all 
 of XVII. 
 
 Notice To Be Given, XVII, 5. 
 SUSPENSION. 
 
 Of Members, VI, 7, 8, 9. 
 
 Immediate, XV, 2. 
 
 By Executive Committee, XVII, 1; XX, 13. 
 
 Of Organizations, VIII, 26, 28, all of XVI. 
 
 Of State Secretary, XIX, 9. 
 
 Of Executive Committee, XX, 14. 
 
 Notice To Be Sent, XIX, 6. 
 SUPREME AUTHORITY AND LAW. 
 
 Ill, 1; V, 1. 
 SECRETARY. 
 
 State, XIX. 
 
 County, XXI, 3. 
 
 Central, IX, 6. 
 
 County Executive Committee, XI, 9. 
 
 Recording, VIII, 9, 13. 
 
 Financial, V, 12, 28; VIII, 9, 14. 
 TREASURER. 
 
 State, XIX, 1. 
 
 County, XXI, 2. 
 
 Central Committee, IX, 6. 
 
 Local and Branch, VIII, 9, 15. 
 TRANSFERS. 
 
 Of Members, VI, 2, 3. 
 
 TRIALS 
 
 Procedure, all of XVIII. 
 VACANCIES. 
 
 Election to Fill, XIII, 9. 
 
 Political Candidates, XIV, 20. 
 
 Executive Committee, XX, 3. 
 WITHDRAWAL. 
 
 From Party, VI, 16. 
 WOMEN'S CLUBS. 
 
 How Conducted, VIII, 29. 
 
 47