. THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES L v * *i / ' * tr i TO MUNSON'S COMPLETE PHONOGRAPHER, CONTAINING WORDS AND PHRASES FROM BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE, CLASSIFIED UNDER CONDENSED RULES; ALSO, LISTS OF WORDS DISTINGUISHED, LAW TERMS, AND WORD- SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS, WITH THEIR PHONOGRAPHIC OUTLINES. PREPARED BY M. E. ROBBINS Cooper Union, New York. NEW YORK. 1891. PRESS OF A. H. KELLOGG, 96-98 READE ST., NEW YORK. LESSONS I., II., III. 25 CONSONANT STEMS. \ Sounded as p in Pay, pill, put, pile, puff, pop, pool, peal, \ paw. \ b " Bar, bake, but. big, beg, ball, bow, boom, book. I " " t " Tar, time, tea, tap, tell, took, tug, top tool, toe. " " d " Dark, day, deep, deck, dig, dawn, did, do, dock, dine. /" " ch " Charm, chain, cheek, check, chill, chalk, choke, chum, chop, cheer. / ' " j " Jest, jar. jail, jeer, jam, jaw, joke, jump, June, joy. " " k " Keep, kill, keg, keen, kick, key, kite, keel, kid, kind. " ' g " Good, gun, grown, gale, girl, grape, guide, " give, game, guess. V u i f Far> f am6) f ee]) f a i r? f ed) fiu^ foe fool) fun, foot. I a v a Ygj^ veal, van, very, vim, vault, vote, vied, void, vow. " " th " Theme, thank, theft, think, thaw, thumb, thigh, thought, three, throne. (4 SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. Sounded as dhr in They, thee, than, then, this, though, thus, thy, thine, thou. / " ' s " Say, see, sad, soon, set, saw, sigh, soil, sue, so. " " z " Zero, zest, zone, zebra, zeal, zigzag, zealot, zenith, zephyr, zany. -> X " " sh " Shark, shape, sheep, shall, show, shell, ship, shoe, shoot, shawl. ^^r " " zh " Azure, vision, collision, leisure, measure, collusion, seizure, pleasure. / ^-^ " " m " Ma, may, meek, map, met, mud, Maud, mope, moon, mind. s * x 1 * ' ; " n " Nay, neat, nap, net, no, noon, nod, nook, nor, nudge. ^^ ^ " " ing" Ring, bring, sing, fling, rang, bang, sung, wing, lung, young. f " " I " Lay, lard, leap, lap, lid, law, live, low, (Struck up) loop, lug, " " r " Bar, tear, fair, her, jar, or, oar, fur, pure, near. ^"^ " " r " Rake, read, rack, red, rig, raw, rule, rod, (Struck up) rub, roll. I " " w " Wad, wake, week, wag, wit, wedge, wall, wove, wool, wide. f n a y a Yarn, yea, year, yet, yes, yeast, you, yoke, yield, yore. ^~^% ' " h " Hay, heap, hat, ham, hot, hoe, hall, hood, hut, hill. SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. 5 All consonant stems, except Ree, are derived from the follow- ing circles : JtY All perpendicular or inclined stems are written downward, except L and Ree. Horizontal stems are written from left to right. R, when preceded by a vowel, has the sound of Er as, oar and or; but when used at the beginning of a word, it has the sound of Ree as, rod and ray. Ree is always written upward, and stands at an angle midway between CH and K : thus : T C4 6 SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. VOWELS. Vowels are indicated by three each light and heavy dots, and light and heavy dashes. These are distinguished by being placed at the beginning, middle, and end of stem for first, second, and third place vowels. SIMPLE VOWELS. X" LONG DOT VOWELS. First place, a as in Arm, ark, arch, art, arbor, I Y are. Second " . a " Ale, aid, a,ble, aim, ache> age, ague. Third " e " Eat, eve, each, ear, easy, east, ease. First place, SHORT DOT VOWELS. a as in And, am, add, act, acid, rev do ui A.UU, CLii apple. . e " Egg, ebb, led, bet, eddy, f every. Third " \ " 111, if, is, it, issue, idiot, Italy. /" LONG DASH VOWELS. First place, " ^_ a as in All, also, awful, auction, J f August, always. Second " > 6 " Own, only, old, over, open. f oath. Third " oo " Fool, school, cool, tool, doom, broom. SHORT DASH VOWELS. First place, ^ 6 as in Of, on, odd, hot, not, dot, ~j i shot, lot. Second " > u " Up, us, run, fun, cut, dug, I utter. I ( ^ Third " oo Look, cook, shook, took, book, foot. SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. 7 DIPHTHONGS OR DOUBLE VOWELS. First place, _ v | f~~ i as in Ice, ire, item, ivy, iron, idle. " 1 ' ( pure, fuel. Diphthongs should always point in the proper direction, regardless of the form of the stem. In writing a word, the consonant stem is always written first. Order of reading : Vowels placed to perpendicular or inclined stems are read from left to right, as in longhand ; when placed to horizontals, they are read from top to bottom. CAUTION. The point of beginning of any s/em is always ./?rs vowel place ; the middle, second place ; and the end, third place. When two vowels occur together, either before or after a consonant stem, the vowel which is read next to the stem is placed nearest it. CONSONANT POSITIONS. The consonant stem has three positions with respect to line of writing. The position of consonant stem is governed by the place of vowel. If there is more than one vowel, the consonant must agree with the accented vowel. FIRST position of all stems is above the line. \ i / -^ ^ r s~\ SECOND position of all stems, on the line. A I L SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. THIRD position of perpendicular or inclined stems, halfway through the line. V-l / ) ^ ^ THIRD position of Jiorizontal stems, entirely below the line. Therefore, in'writing a'word, we have to consider : 1st. The vowel and its place. 2d. Write the stem in its proper position to agree with the vowel, or with the accented vowel if there be more than one. 3d. Place the vowel to the stem. A dash vowel should be written at a right angle with that part of stem at which it is written. ONE CONSONANT WORDS. aid Poe egg die shy out gnaw eke it chew my Ike yea sea on joy mow easy woo paw us Jew nigh airy ray % each of cow now any or do up cue mew alloy ye lea ash fie new issue ease eel ebb few lie Amy thee go if vie ire alley she" two air vow our era ooze ear edge view wry essay knee tea Ann thy row allow ought know ell sigh how echo fee am pie sue high Eva H SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. 9 CONTRACTIONS. ^ln or and .......... A. . . A ---- . ........... the... ............. I or of ..... ^ ........ awe . T. ...... , ..... Oh or owe ff t -+ o as or has ............ is or his .............. self. .9 .............. o to or too ........ . ____ who, whom ...... , ......................... SENTENCES. It is day now, and you may row on the bay. The ice may thaw if we go on it. She may be away, or she may be ill. I may pay all I owe in a day or so. On any day you may see us in the alley. Is Eddie in Ohio now or in Iowa? The hour is up and you may go away. Ella and Addie may go out to tea if we do. If I am away on the sea, you may be too. I am to pay you if you aid me in any way. You may die if you eat pie, though you may eat an egg. The oak and ash are up high in the air. Though we are so easy, we may sue you ere you go away, and you pay the fee. Now the cow is at the hay mow. Is it my cow ? You ought to know, as you saw it. May thy way be all joy. LESSON IV. Two or more consonant stems may be joined (without remov- ing the pencil), writing the stems in the same direction as when alone, and placing the vowels to the consonants. When two curved stems, derived from the same circle, naturally forming a semicircle, are joined, there should be no angle between them ; except H and S. These require a slight angle in order to make the latter stem sufficiently light. When two curves derived from different circles are joined, there should be an angle between them. (See page 5.) The position of the first perpendicular or inclined stem in a word must agree with the accented vowel. Vowels occurring between two stems are placed as follows : All first place and long second place are written to the stem which precedes the vowel. All third place and short second place are written to the stem which follows the vowel. ORDER OF WRITING. 1st. Determine the accented vowel. 2d. Write outline so that the position of the first perpendicular or inclined stem shall agree with the accented vowel. 3d. Place the vowels to the stems according to above rules. ORDER OF READING. The same as when only one stem is used perpendicular or inclined stems from left to right, and horizontals from top to bottom. SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. 11 take package following like period managing enjoy readily apology vouch touching making deny deeming keeping both joking catching cash month topic laying unfair to-morrow although pushing attaching shape voyaging deputy big foaming ingenuity delay matching alleging SENTENCES. Do you enjoy life, or are you in a hurry to be rich ? The book is read by old and young. We rode an hour in the park, and saw many we knew. Do you know how deep the lake is, and how long? Being weary, I lay in the hammock all day, and read the book you liked so much. Take a walk on the beach and out on the pier, and look at the sea. You ought to be laying up money for a rainy day. It is unfair to ask me to pay you the cash to-morrow, although 1 may do so. Do you enjoy fishing as much as you like fish ? I do if I am catching any. LESSON V. With a few exceptions a small circle may be substituted for the stem signs S and Z. The circle should be written on the right side of straight perpendicular or inclined stems, on the upper side of straight horizontals, and inside of curved stems. The circle should be written to Ree the same as K and G. No vowel can precede an initial circle, nor follow a final one. INITIAL CIRCLE. soon specie speedy sick swim suiting sail sneak scheme some sealing Senate slowly solid signing sweep Sunday ceremony saving safety summary FINAL CIRCLE. miss items rejoice knows always appears nice theories anxious does repose advice peace invoice cautious gaze notice cheapness loose famous thickness this device announce guess makes minus mix knocks annex tax refuse follows hums copies induce SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. 13 INITIAL AND FINAL CIRCLES. signs sleeps surveys sales speeches slowness seeds sketches smokes suppose sadness sickness six swings spheres sums snaps sweeps S CIRCLE BETWEEN STEMS. When two straight stems are struck in the same direction, the circle should be written as to one stem. tacit tasty Tuesday resource deceit outside The circle should be written outside the angle between two straight stems, forming an angle at their junction. besides despise expose exceeding upset receipt discuss dispatch beseech disobey opposite laxity succeed sixty dispose disappear episode disguise bestow custody deposit reside sagacity injustice If one or both are curved stems, the circle should be written inside the curve. chosen business facing desire receives losing dozen passing facile honesty pacify vessel specifies sincere fasten answers insight using absence hasty refusing ensued opposing salesman reason associate vicinity dismiss raising enthusiasm disease music dishonesty causing soliciting Messrs. 14 SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. Between two curved stems struck in opposite directions, the circle should be written inside the^trs^ curve. lesson amazing hasten moisten losing amusing license amassing masonic Between two curves struck in opposite directions, and form- ing an acute angle, the circle should be turned outside the angle. nicely facility vacillate unsullied LESSON VI. EXCEPTIONS TO THE USE OF 8 CIRCLE. Always use the S or Z stem when it is preceded or followed by two concurrent vowels. saying joyous curious seeing sewer spurious sighing essaying ingenuous miasma fatuous museum Use the S or Z stem when it is the first consonant preceded by a vowel ; or, the last consonant followed by a vowel. assets also uneasy asking racy Lucy acid dizzy tipsy asleep fussy ecstasy aspire spicy efficacy eyesight cozy policy assignee busy pursue essence noisy accuracy usurp rosy solvency Always use Z stem when it is the first consonant in a word. zone zealot Ezra easiness zoology zealous LARGE CIRCLE. When two s or z sounds occur together, with only a vowel between them, a large circle may be used in same manner as small one ; and, if the vowel is accented, it may be written inside the circle. season cases voices sausage . supposes induces success races taxes 16 SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. boxes forces desist rises exposes necessary faces devices excessive masses resources insist analysis exercise successors notices emphasis precisely SMALL LOOP. The sound of st or zd may be represented by a small loop, written on the circle side, and extending one-third the length of the stem. This loop may be used initially, finally or in the middle of words. In the middle of words, the stem should be crossed in writing a circle, but not in writing a loop. stops zest disposed honestly sticks west copyist jesting steer forced advised testing states taxed fixed vastly stoves utmost noticed destiny stale reposed mixed tasting statue oldest annexed costly steaming refused incased justness stealing earliest induced earnestly studying mixed unjust adjusting LARGE LOOP. The ster sound is represented by a large loop extending two- thirds the length of the stem. This is never used at the beginning of words. foster monster songster lustre register mastering coaster teamster lobster vaster sinister disturb A small s or z circle may be added to the large circle, or either of the loops, by crossing the stem and placing the circle on the opposite side. excesses costs posters recesses wastes fosters exercises hosts masters LESSON VII. L or E (Ree) stem is struck upward when it is the first sound in the word ; and downward (Er) when it is the last sound in the word. up like lack lake lime leak loom log lame lucky lamb league down foul up rush guile toll rob renew fail wreck pole tale retail ruinous foil receive peal vile rainy refuse appall disposal reposed renewal R L or R (Ree) is struck upward when it is the last consonant in a word followed by a vowel. mellow follow lily billow July daily rely chilly R rally borrow thorough lowly worry hurry relay merry jury below bowery vary shyly marry ferry duly dowry ivory highly morrow tarry outlay fairy dairy L is struck upward when it is the only stem in a word. ill eel seal lease loose allay lieu slow loss lies oil low silly laws least Ella isle alley last allays 18 SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. L is struck upward when followed by a down stroke (e. g., throwing a ball in the air ; it must be thrown up in order to come down). life leave lobby aloof always latch elope leap loath elegy live ledge R (Er) is always struck downward when it is the first or only consonant preceded by a vowel. array argue earnestly sir early earlier arouse airily seriously Downstroke L when preceded by a vowel and followed by a horizontal stem. ailing Elmira allegory elect allowance alumni Downstroke L when followed by MP or MB. lamp limp lumpy limbo lymph Downstroke R (Er) when followed by M or H. rim aroma room rummage arming ceremony remedy remove Upstroke R (Ree) when followed by TH, DH, CH, J. wreathe ridge righteous richly rejoiced register arching raging archly rhythm regimen Ruth In the middle of words, upstroke R and L are preferred. carrying worrying dilemma following horrify verify delaying relying March outrage mollify mileage territory borrowing Italic unload LESSON VIII. The I or r sound, when immediately following another con- sonant, is indicated by a hook written at the beginning of the stem it follows. On straight stems, a small hook for I is placed on the right or circle side of the stem ; the r hook, on the opposite side. On curved stems, a large hook at the beginning, and turned inside the stem, is used for I, and a small hook for r. The hook is always written first, but it is read after the stem. STRAIGHT STEMS WITH L AND R HOOKS. closed glee, place classes oral blaze please glazed agile glass plaster bluster globe CURVED STEMS WITH L AND R HOOKS. black address K prejudice click praise precisely pluck drop promise gleam prices protest oblige trusting pressing claims tracer groceries pledge produce presume cloth _ previous premium clear proposes price-list placing proceeds criticism dealer breath precious climax trunk previously blame trial predecessor R easily oval evil easel flies unless floor only flowers affray inner every over others energy freely France Friday L AND R HOOKS IN THE MIDDLE OF WORDS. deeply suitable original chiefly legible pitiful desirable negotiable powder liberal neighbor betray R sundries voucher intrust increasing 20 SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. L R double bushel dinner richer pickle channel defray repress joyful shovel keeper generosity final weekly ledger loafer staple local maker depressed implies employers favor figure enables likely colors vigorous simply implicit astray archery ample reasonable erasure wager noble libel impressing embraced legal samples inferior defer assembly lawful measure pleasure level arrival impoverish censure inclosed payable newspaper minor unjustifiable vocal slumbers banner enviable muzzle winner deference removal feeble robbery numerous audibly capable liberty thinner ridicule obstacle lunar embroidery MEDIAL HOOK FORMED BY RETRACING PRECEDING STEM. L B replace reply joker digger circles cable ticker poodle couple reclaims packer depressed rebel gable progress weaker L AND B HOOKS ON BOTH STEMS. playful honorable marvel plainly troubles privileges glazier treasure criminal glimmer pressure traveling flicker preference fresher plainer trifle braver fulfilling driver preacher pleasure agreeable brokerage WORDS IN WHICH THE BEL IS USED. girl narrowly necessarily hurl nearly sincerely merely clearly demoralized plural wearily thoroughly LESSON IX. SPECIAL VOCALIZATION. The r or I hook may sometimes be used when there is a distinct vowel intervening, and the vowel written as follows : The heavy dot vowel, by a small circle placed before the stem in its proper place. The light dot vowel, by a small circle placed after the stem. The stronger, or heavy dot, naturally preceding the stem, and the weaker, or light dot, following. The dash vowels and diphthongs are struck across the stems, or at the end if they interfere with a hook. DOT VOWELS, SPECIAL VOCALIZATION. rail bearers perceive impoverish hill failure defer engineers cheer partial average adversity deal daring ability terminal aware charity mailing telegrams feel nervous pioneer proposal nearest cheerful anarchy mercury jar harbor penalty calumny wail valuable eternal preferring averse earner prefer liberal nail philosophy careful telescope dark relate embarrassed parlor verge reliable energy harmony terms parties rarely parsimony harm person releasing charming germ wearing welfare preparing harsh careless generous farming jerk parcel marvel overwhelm 22 SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. DASH VOWELS AND DIPHTHONGS, SPECIAL VOCALIZATION. wool murmur nullify falseness core nourish enormous figure mire colonize purchase retire hole incur assurance befallen burst wholesale apologize indorsed yore ignore procure encouraging cool empire occurrences censure dull warm former reimburse curse recur authority courtesy worse journal falling cordially coal vulgar rulable collateral horse normal surety journeying nurse fulfill foreign purchaser north ridicule recourse temporarily A small circle may be placed on any hook, and is always read first. suffer cycle school small sooner civilized cipher sickly severity subtle sever suffrage S CIRCLE AND HOOKS IN THE MIDDLE OF WORDS. peacefully possible personal plausible dishonorable physical prisoner displeasing pdducible deceiver fusible noticeable Instead of writing the s circle on the r hook, the hook may be shown by writing the s circle on the r side of STRAIGHT stems. The large circle and st loop may also be written in the same way. This class of words is called the sper series. sadder cedar strides sicker scoring stream solder scourge strong SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. 23 struck string strenuous strike scarcity scrupulous stroke security sacrifice striker spread struggling struggle scarcely superior storms spring supreme 8 CIRCLE ON JR HOOK SIDE OF STEMS IN THE MIDDLE OF WORDS. destroying disgracing descry disasterous prosperity etcetera discouraging prosperous discourse obscurely disagreeably distressing WORDS IN WHICH BOTH R HOOK AND S CIRCLE MUST APPEAR. mystery restore solicitor extremely expressed mastery external expiring inextricably registry expressage ministry hysterical massacre posterity restrict vesper masker An initial large hook on the circle or I hook side of straight stems, may be used for the consonant W. quick quiver bequeath quiz quickly twinkle quoth quicker quench quite quietness acquiesce queer twirl squalor ^y queerly inquiry requisite query sanguinary inadequacy In, en, un, may be prefixed to stems with an initial circle by crossing the stem with a little curl. unseemly unsafe unsullied enslaves inspirable insatiable insular insoluble unceremonious enseal unsalable unscrupulous The y hook, a large hook on r side of straight stems, is only used in phrasing. LESSON X. FAND F HOOKS. Consonants f or v may be added to any straight stem by a small final hook on the right or circle side, the hook being read after the stem and its vowels. This hook may also be used in the middle of words. curve paving river graphic brief cover divine reverses cliff defense puffing discover groove devoid toughen devote engrave proving chafing refreshing deprive driving traffic improving deserve braving provoke depraving positive diving driven stenographic tariff telephone advanced undeviating A long narrow final hook may be used for / or v on curved stems, but, like the y hook, it is only used in phrasing. N HOOK. Consonant n is indicated by a small final hook on the left or r hook side of straight stems, and by a small final hook inside curved stems. Also used in the middle of words. grain one obtain bargain drawn deepen pardon sermon down detain beaten specimen clean refine tighten examine keen broken uneven retain join incline regain engine upon remain origin outdone session taken weaken turn SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. 25 enjoin reckon routine rejoin women slacken discern enshrine marine discipline unknown imagine machine pertain brighten cotton recline quicken margin unshaken THE N HOOK IN THE MIDDLE OF WORDS. strange training opening vacancy plunge planning beneath emergency earning plenty shining tremendous gainsay assigning vanish unanimity evening dawning turning remaining punish banish frowning genuineness manifest branches furnish declining learning abandon morning merchandise warning finances canvassed mechanics union unite gaining impertinence fancy arrange urgency examining drainage guarantee monopoly retrench reckoning obtaining occupancy strenuous gleaning penman discrepancy detaining brandy oranges economical ascertaining greenings Monday universal obstinately running evening patronage leniency Words which should be written with the F, V, or N stem, because it is followed by a vowel : defy puffy bevy typify terrify purify deify exemplify avenue coney tiny pony ebony canoe brawny revenue bony honey stony deny renew felony crony Tammany irony rainy mutiny alimony assignee venue arena villainy 26 SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. Syllables shun or zhun may be added by a large final hook on the circle or / hook side of straight stems, and a large final hook on curved stems. portion violation erection suspicion supervision precaution aversion reaction stagnation solution elevation provision seclusion election allegation sanction petition variation situation adoption devotion duration occupation ambition oppression instruction exertion section definition supplication nation appreciation calculations omission solicitation restriction attention destination circulation suspension perfection prosecution foundation prostration discretion deliberation desperation incorporation mention remission distribution expression quotation declaration operation speculation litigation dissolution impression elimination exertion reduction classification execution proportion negotiation selection humiliation liquidation restoration repetition reflection assertion destruction extrication regulation observation specification desertion institution fluctuation destination importation discrimination corporation expiration injunction location presentation reputation attraction examination accumulation rejection inclination nomination obligation determination imagination SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. 27 Shun Curl. To a word having a final circle, the shun or zhun may be added by crossing the stem with a little curl. causation proposition opposition imposition acquisition indecision succession exposition disposition incision procession taxation association vexation realization deposition accusation transposition pulsation indisposition Syllables ter, ther, dhr, may be added to any straight stem by a large final hook on the left or n hook side. Caution. This hook is never used for der on straight stems. better creator charter actor clatter credit' >r pewter starter executor tutor spatter corporator gutter greater speculator brighter brother typewriter rather traitor proprietor This hook may be used for ture, and the diphthong placed inside the hook. picture creature departure culture rupture fracture A small circle may be added to any final hook or shun curl. cuffs roofs dives thence gloves coves grieves assigns roves chafes hence lines omissions portions editions petitions positions chatters gathers daughters tatters patience occupations creatures caters barters charters 28 SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. earns yawns once arraigns orations When s follows n hook, the circle may be turned on n hook side of the stem, as in the sper series. The large circle and loops may also be used in this manner. rains chains balance guidance beans tunes obtains dispense opens joins expense assistance pains towns response expenses duns gains residence acceptance tons canister pertains negligence scorns banister elegance existence 8 ON N SIDE IN MIDDLE OF WORDS. dancing prancing expensive balancing transfuse transfix LARGE FINAL HOOKS IN THE MIDDLE OF WORDS. stationary gathering exceptional capturing motioning bothering traditional bitterness missionary scattering auctioneer caterer cautionary battering fractional sputterer deficiency rhetoric LESSON XL Ter, der, thr, dhr, is added to a curved stem by doubling its length. Positions for downward double-length stems : 1st. On the line. 3d. Halfway through the line. 3d. Two-thirds below the line. A straight stem may be lengthened to add above sounds, if it has a final hook. The ter, der, thr, dhr, is the last sound to be read, unless there be a final circle. enter interview materially shudder fatherly elevators wider altering intercourse future interfere astronomy lighter laughter furtherance ardor interval signature sounder underlay janitor holders undergo interruption lenders maturity underselling falter intersection defaulter interests literally prematurely underpay austerity international STRAIGHT STEMS WITH FINAL HOOKS LENGTHENED. splinters plundering rendering pondering counteraction blunderer pointers counterpane tenderness LESSONS XII. AND XIII. Writing any consonant half-length adds t or d. The third position of a half-length perpendicular or inclined stem is entirely below the line. The other positions are unchanged. The t or d is the last sound to be read, unless there be a final circle. ONE STEM HALF-LENGTH. get tried taught hand bought find cheat fault goods bounds brand draft amount seconds secured LAST STEM HALF-LENGTH. prompt apparent measured repaired strict upwards per cent temperate enabled resort excellent repugnant market merchants perfect duplicate absent incurred disappoint product agent refund president discounts instant hesitate remind shipments delight appreciate accident assistant result retained settlements documents except deferred desperate henceforward present tenant judgment extricate imports deprived illustrate equivalent demands expend bereavement improvement thousand recent afterward disinclined remind warrant stipulate environment ' exclude payments deponent remunerate extend statements recuperate assessments expect current engaged reimbursement retired remit district indorsement SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. FIRST STEM HALF-LENGTH. getting October estimation anticipation little greatly naturally intentional lately gradually articles tendency letting relative country metropolis actually ordinary kindly indulgence mutually pointing modern maintaining modify central printing countenance witness counting intentions threatening actively pending maintain accordance evidence handle friendly quantity catalogue gratifies suspending spiritual grandly standing lunatic assorting BOTH STEMS HALF-LENGTH. notified meditate moderate intimate esteemed astound ratified eradicate lightened modified estimates treatment credited threatened candidate intend indebted participate anticipate protested assortment multiplied intestate standard MIDDLE STEM HALF-LENGTH. entitle pocketing remodeling coveting vividly enacting rapidly promptly inviting resorting rectify erecting rejecting capital obliterate delighting legitimate evidently responding politely regarding acceptable apparently dependence defending negotiating defective accumulating obviating piloting alternative uncertain indebtedness individual instantaneous indefinitely correspondence speculative inventory 32 SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. misfortunes lucrative agricultural mercantile Atlantic agriculturist remittances political disappointment remunerative profoundly fraudulently perfectly inevitable misunderstanding Caution. When full and half length stems do not form an angle at their junction, both stems must be written in full. liked locked barbed cooked kicked category clicked forked catechise corked victim victory looked octagon inculcate All words ending in ted or ded must be written with the half- length T or D. acted handed pointed cheated attended assorted guided elected terminated fitted branded depreciated voted merited expended noted deluded reported lighted delighted departed rated intended intrusted pleaded indicated assaulted lifted moderated asserted located detected separated rented estimated ungranted repeated corrected prevented adapted printed superseded defrauded emitted succeeded Half-length T or D may be detached and written near the pre- ceding stem, if, when joined, it does not form an angle, dotted awarded worded dreaded entreated persuaded undoubted destitute retreated institute necessitated liquidated doted substituted hesitated SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. 33 Final T and D, like the S stem, must be written in full when followed by a vowel. duty shadow ready pity meadow outdo beauty shoddy lady needy haughty deduce oddity tidy entice naughty muddy flighty empty reduce hardy veto moody verity mighty ditto penalty data body giddy L or Ree, when only stem in the word, is made half-length to add t, and full length with the D stem to add .thousands .millions ...,:ftv. ...percent \/l ...y..J....prorata ,et cetera . . Vag__._o . . .real estate first class .in order .and so forth .January .February .March . April .May .October . November .cU . December ....-/. Oh, yes ..... \~s. . circular .a.:.- circulars LESSON XX. TICKS. J is a light tick struck like CH or Ree. When standing alone, it should be above the line. When joined to a stem, it never goverus position. It should be struck upward before can and could. I takes hooks as follows : .Iwill, with the tick struck upward. . I have, with the tick struck downward. .1 will not, with the n hook added. PHRASES WITH / TICKS. I have I hope Iwill I believe I have not I suppose I will not I wish I thank I remember I own I fear I was I want I propose I take I saw or I I show may I I come shall I I might when I I cannot if I I am not that I have I had not that I am I did not if I may I understood that I shall I could have that I was I may be may I not if I have any if I may not that I might that I shall be I am sorry I am glad I said so I have never I may receive I thought that I see this is I may as well I know there has been I would have been I think there is I think you have I wish there was I suppose this is I have nothing 54 SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. When standing alone, an or and is indicated by a dot above the line ; a, by dot on the line ; the, a dot below the line. A, an, and, may be joined to any word by a little tick struck invariably in the direction of P when used initially ; but, in the middle or at the end of a phrase, it must be inclined to form the best angle. The n hook should always be used, if possible, for an or and. A, AN, AND TICKS. a home a great round an if a man an age under a with a in a short time a law have a upon a in a few days a rule save a above a for a month and will seen a a great deal before and after and those in a a great many and yet there has and this stay a more than a and that has been The. When halving or changing circle to small loop cannot be used, a perpendicular or horizontal tick may be added to indi- cate the. This should only be used finally. THE TICK. met the spend the ponder the hit the whether the surrender the need the enter the like the hand the order the shoulder the To, too, are ind cated by a small light tick, always written below the line in the direction of P. It is used initially in phras- ing, and governs position. to me to hand to begin to give too many to hate to meet to hide to make to him to mean Who, Whom. By a heavily shaded tick, always below the line, struck in the direction of J. This tick takes hooks like the J stem, and governs position of phrases. who are who will who have who will not" who have not SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. who was who could who may who give who know 55 who begin who make who minister who was not who may be Of, By a light tick like Ree, written above the line, and struck upward when alone, but up or down when joined. The stem of is found to conflict seriously with have ; therefore it is best to use the tick, and dispense entirely with both the stem and proximity for of. of them of our of yours of us of all of hers of mine of that of many of other of this of what of it of its of such of worth of course (1) spoken of of their of no use of my own of your city want of money point of view We, would. By the w brief sign. You, your. By the y brief sign. FOLLOWING FORMS SHOULD BE MEMORIZED. .we have .we will "(^- . .you have . . .j^l. .you will .we are .you are .. .rsv. .we would ,.7V .. would we ../TT. ..you would . JTT.. . .would you 56 SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. W BRIEF SIGNS. we go we could we think we are we see we fear we beg we found we have we know we hope we understand we began we remain we inclose we cannot we regret we wish we request we ought to we did not we had not we shall be we should have we are sorry we are sure we should feel we would beg we would be we could be we shall have we are not we have yours we could not we think there is we should have been we ought to be we have this day would say would think would do would be would not be N if we should we they would that we but we who would (who tick) who would be ...... who are not t? ...... who will not t/> ...... who have ...... who have not First position, Third " of (up when alone) . to, too (downward) a, an. and (only used when joined) the (only used when joined) SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. 59 First position, an, and (when alone) Second " ...*... a (when atone) Third " . . v .. the (when alone) ..... we would (always joined) v n you, your (always joined) First position, awe (alone) Second " ../... owe, 0, Oh (alone) TICKS, ETC., JOINED. FIRST POSITION. THIRD POSITION. .and I, a, an . . . . to whom .and the ........ to a .and of to the who would ..of the ... ...of whom and as or his ....... to his and as I, a o of his (upward) TICKS, BRIEFS, CIRCLES AND LOOPS JOINED to whom of a who has and the to the to a to his who is of as of the of whom who have who would as I who is and a and of has not (\) 60 SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. is not (3) and is it and is there (3) and I who are not as I would and as ( 1 ) and as a (1) and I will not and is^^ and is a (3) as I have not of his as I have and as it is (1) who would and I have and is it as (3) and as I and I will and as there is and I am as to the (1) and as to that and as to (1) is to the (3) and as to the" and is the (3) to whom we and I have not and has the and as there (1) and as there is not PHRASES COMBINING ALL RULES. and this on the contrary on the other hand knows your inasmuch I am in receipt wishing you for some time at the same time to collect to give you you do not want I have been I have your we have your favor as a rule (1) to meet you I hope you can as I am (J down) we will have I will not have as I was (/ down) I will not say and I am not as I think (/ up) I do not understand I have no other as I know (/up) I did not say I cannot be there we thank you and yet there is state of the case have all been I hope you will on the part of the that you have I will be there I will not pay as we have and that this is and I have no doubt as they have I think there is we have been there that I am we do not think for I have not been and you may that we have been I think you will be we have had to whom you refer I think you have been I am not and though there is as I have not ytt I shall have if it is not we think you will find in all his in a great many cases I am in receipt of your my own knowledge I think you will we have drawn on you and my own I have no doubt yours truly we give you I have this day yours respectfully some time ago in receipt of your yoursveryrespectfully to call your had he been there I am yours sincerely whom you could at the present time I am yours very truly SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. 61 In writing amounts, the words million, thousand, hundred, dollars and cents should be written in shorthand ; as, for $5,200,102.06. Fractions with one for the numerator are written with the figure one very long, and denominator joined to it ; as, The line of writing may be used for fractional line in larger- fractions. In quoting range of prices, to is shown by placing the follow- ing figure entirely below the line (4th position) ; and or, by placing following figure above the line ; as, 19 .21. 211 8 10 19 25 WORDS DISTINGUISHED. cost *=> caused. before v v above. . . ^X . - ^ God * ""I guide ^^_^ station P / situation.. . L/. . .C^ train I x> turn v.. x. valuation r\ 1 ^) violation . . . \^l . . . rvr/ . . , gentleman ^ S agent. . . . f^. . . count 2 <^ account.. 62 appeal bill honestly nicely SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. profit provide. . marked market. finely finally . . cancel counsel. . X character caricature oppression ex ^ operation, /V gradation *- I / graduation U &. level lovely.. bread board. . AV .. " cramped crammed beautiful pitiful x .X. O V .,. ngenious ingenuous cordiaUy gradually V bkth breath V A *V . . X . V - . . . .X ......... partner part-ovvTier *V . .X x prosecution persecution .^..r^, o protect product. protection production. appropriation Cv <\ preparation . xs. . . . . .\ . /O extension extenuation. garden guardian itor 1 der. .U....h. SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. 63 profaned prevent melt ^ ^ mold...CT> C.\ melter molder/ funeral. funereal.. oppressor pursuer peruser month minute Monday little lately detect deduct. . accepting expecting accepted expected writer reader advice device... V. .".).. mission machine . missionary machinery repression reparation S. . . ^ interested understood undefined indefinite . . nobody anybody. violent valient CL indication induction S debtor editor J itor....Vj. . ..IU,,. decease disease I I 64 SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. deceased diseased. . J administration demonstration. adoration duration.. .IZ..I. poor pure -v-v purpose propose bright broad. staid steady. f...r. favored favor it "> fierce furious proposal proposition Mrs. Misses ^latitude altitude island land/. erroneously, earnestly fiscal physical. weed wood wheat..,. hardly x- & heartily^ hardly . sport support separate spread.. . SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. 65 SENTENCES CONTAINING WORDS DISTINGUISHED. I could not prevent their going away. He was a very profane man. They gave us very good advice. It was quite an ingenious device. The character of the man was above reproach. It was a perfect caricature of herself. There was a full account in the paper. They will count the votes next Monday. What is the valuation of that property ? That is a violation of a well known law. The cost was more than the original proposition. This caused his partner to change his plans. I understood that they had lately built an extension. There is nothing to say in extenuation of the evils of his administration. The indication is that the market will gradually weaken, owing to the large production of corn. Her manner is quite ingenuous and lovely. There is a steady and marked advance in wheat. The oppression of the poor in Russia is pitiful. The operation was of shorter duration than was expected. The Board of Foreign Missions earnestly appeals for aid. Thep?'q/ion bread making by machinery has been erroneously stated. We are cramped for funds, as the appropriation was too small for the purpose. Just before graduation the pupils are usually crammed. I cordially support the gentleman for the prosecution. An island is Zemd surrounded by water. He finally became a missionary, and was valiant for the cause. The situation of the house is at an altitude of four thousand feet above the Zei'e/ of the sea. Clay molders are numerous, and do some beautiful work. He is part-owner of the machine which is in preparation. The gradation you propose meets my approval. I am heartily interested in the protection of the writer of the little book, now in the hands of the editor, called "Physical Culture." 66 SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. Phonography seems to be the favorite study. Mrs. Smith was finely dressed, having a long train. Nobody favored the fierce prosecution of the debtor. The wood spread across the broad valley. I hardly expected they would deduct from the bill after accepting the pattern. Why did you make such sport of your staid guardian ? At last they had to separate at the station. He was a bright child, but he held his breath when he cried. His birth place was in the Southern latitude. The broad avenues of our capital are beautiful. He was a traitor to his country, and was soon caught by his pursuer. The deceased man left no will. His disease was consumption. He was a trader in the West. Violent acts and furious demonstrations are uncalled for in meeting the oppressor. May the God of our fathers be your guide. It is pleasant to breathe the pure air in the garden in the month of May. We will consider the propriety of accepting your proposal. Anybody may be a peruser of the papers for at least a few minutes every day. The funeral of the deceased took place last Monday. The product of our land is entirely grain mostly wheat and some corn. We must protect our agent, and make the reparation he de- mands. The repression of the rebellion was accomplished after many invasions. Expecting he would detect the error and honestly correct the account, we did not employ counsel. It was quite an innovation, and seemed to provide the Misses D with much amusement. Write your outlines as nicely and accurately as possible. The fiscal year is now near its close. The demonstration was one of pure adoration, but one of short duration. The gentleman is an agent, not a partner in the business. They must melt the iron before they can urn it into the mold. SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS 67 Your statement is very indefinite. His induction into office occurred last week. He was one of my first patrons. " Man proposes, but God disposes." "By induction Franklin established the identity of lightning and electricity ; by deduction he inferred that dwellings might be protected by lightning rods." LAW WORDS AND PHRASES. above judicate J ** -v^ appellant appertaining, appurtenances arraignment . . assigns. attorney-at-law at and before at or before counsel.. codicils.. complainan \ inants ^9. 68 SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. constitute. corporator. counter complaint . . . $. covenants. cross-examine..: cross examination recross-examinatio day and year^rV. debenture. decedent defendant. t: defendant's counsel, cr demurrer . deponent J. . . . deposes JL . . . . . deposit ition. . . J devised , devisee I... direct examinations redirect examination ensealing. executors . executrix. 9. foresee.. foregoing . forever. SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. 69 grantor. grantee . hereat. hereby hereditaments herein . . , . .~T~x hereinafter hereinbefore hereinunder hereon hereto. heretofore. hereunto herewith . . heir-at-law immaterial indenture. injunction in testimony whereof. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal... irrelevant judicature. judgment. 70 jurisdiction . jurisprudence ./. SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. know all men by these presents .Q-r<^7~^ . . ..... last will and testament ^ lawful-ly . mortgage . mortgagee. mortgagor. notarial. object \ objected to ^ objection sustained .. . _>P. on or about. or otherwise. c ise ..... ^X otherwise objection overruled.. . objected to as imma terial party of the first part . . party of the second s\ part patent. patentee. r V personal estate) ^-J?- intiff ..... A. plaintiff SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. 71 plaintiff's counsel. . .aryfr 5 . referee relator. respondent. , released relevant. reversion . shall and will. signed, sealed and de- livered in the pres ence of special term specifications :*/J state of the case. supervisory. superior court. . . ;y. . . . supreme court testator. . p U testimony. testamentarv. . 07^\. thereafter. thereat. therefor-e. therein. . . thereof. thereon. ( 72 thereto . . .. thereunto. .P. ' SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. wheresoever . whereat. . /\ . \ therewith. .( to wit . J to have been . to hold. waive. X. warrant . we therefore whatever whatsoever whensoever . \ wherefore wherein. whereof. whereon whereto <\ . whereupon . wherewith. . . . x* A witness witnesseth . SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. WORD SIGNS AND CONTRACTIONS. According. Baptism. , Acknowledge Because. . Advantage. . . .1. Become. b 73 Bankruptcy. . . ,>r<^ . . , ..Catholic ..Celestially...^/........ ..Certificate /^ ..Change./ Advertise. . . ~. . Before . . .\ Characteristic ... . . . M . . . . Almost.. ...Began , Charge Already . . . u. , . . . Begin Children . . ./?. ,,.. A ...,., Altogether Begun... TTTT?. Christian.... ......, Among. .>w!^ .Belief-ve. . . ^-. ... ..Circumstance. , . f ^ Angel / Belong .-.... Circumstantial Another , Benignant X,^.. . ... ........ .Citizen. . . .P Antagonistic ...... n Between . . . | Collect.. iC-....r. .:.-.-.. . . . ,. r Any Beyond. ..Come. ... .TTT Archangel. .^1 Bishopric . . ..^. ... . .Controversy. K -2_ Archbishop .^7. Brethren...^ Correct. $ rv Architecture-al h-rr*. .Brother . . A Could Are , But.. A County Aristocracy-tic...!]....,.. C Cross-examine Artificial ..^. Cabinet. -V"" Astonish-ed Can December . B Capable .\ Defendant. Bankrupt.. TrrT^S Captain Pegree Jbx. 74 SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. Deliver...! Endeavor v Gentlemen..^. lN ^ Democracy-tic Especial-ly.. .A.. Give-n , liUAA .. I } Democrat. . .f-TTTN Establish. .V^. Go Describe Evangelical. V^^.^ Govern . Description Ever. . Srr Governor. . Develop. J\. E3eecutrix...'..P..i..iJf?.. Great Britain. f Did. . 1 Experience. . .\. . . ...... ^ v Differ-ence-ent..| Extraordinary. H I Difflcult-y. F Had Dignify.. 1 Fact Half , Dignity.. I T~. Familiar.. 1. Halve L_ V-x^^S . I '^^^ ^ V Discriminate.) .Familiarity Hath Distinct..! February... V~^ Have Distinguish..!.... Financial-ly He...^T> I ^ I A Do. First.. .>=? Health-y ./..S, /J Dr. (Doctor) ... For...Sr Hear...T>. Doctrine...:! Form Heaven.... Vs Dollar... ...Frequent Help../T..\ Domestic. . YT~trrr-. From ... : : , Her . . J During.. (I G Here .rrx P Dwell. I .Gave . . ..'.... Him. . STT\ E General-ly TT rr-. Gentleman..... Home.. .rT!TT\ SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. 75 .../ .Next....>?T^?.. Immediate . . ^ i< ^- , . Legislature . /. / Notwithstanding . . 7-rrff . . / ~~v\ s f Importance-t . ..Length-y X November Inartiflcial-ly . .fM^. . . . .Long (adj.) Now Indignity...^. ,, M Number,... /S Indispensable-y. .7.A ...... Malignant ^ . Influence . .Vrl Manufactory . . X/3 Influential /TT\S-?. Manufacture . Inscribe Manufacturer Insurance .Massachusetts Intelligence.... . Oh.,/.., Intelligent....^ Memoranda .., .' ..... Opinion.,. ^>v- Interrogatory. Memorandum Opportunity.. \. J Mistake.... <7^rrr: Other. -V January.. T-r/. Mr. (Mister) Our Jr. (Junior)...?. Mistook ....Over...^.....: Jurisprudence. ..f. Movement ,. Own... Kingdom Knew... P V . . . .Neglect . . .S^-^TT. Parliament, "1 \ ....Never V*- Part.... "^ s^z v Knowledge.. ;. Nevertheless .>rr1V. Particular ..\. Language. New Peculiar A ^^ New York Peculiarity. 76 SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. Pecuniary . . . \..... . . Probability .*X. - Republic-sh . .^ . . .>^ s/s People *....%. Probable-y...S. Repugnant. . Proportion . . A- Responsibility . y^. Performance.,.../) PubUc-sh..\ <- ... Responsible-y v& X -^ Perpendicular. ...5\,.. O Resurrection.. Perpendicularity..^.. J... Quality .T7 Rev. (Reverend). /.. >r. . . ^L Philanthropy. . .TrrrrT Quarter. .Revolutionary. . {..<.... Question . .Crrrr. Roman Catholic./. . . .V. R S Recollect., rf-fTTT.. .... ....San Francisco Philanthropic. Phonographer Phonographic Phonography Recollection . . *r?T. Satisfaction r Plaintiff. . ,\ Recoverable <.. .... ,\ . . . . Satisfactory. ^ -? e Plenipotentiary. . .^ r.Refer-ence fT7. ,, Savior . . . >r: Popular-ity . . . /\ Regular. . /. . September . . xTTT> Possible-y Regularity.... .. Several... Vr. Practicable-y . . /TTTS^ ...ReUgion.....^.^ Shall. Practical-ly........ ...Reltoquish .. ,/****}. .Should....^). -Practice.....^..., Reluctantly ?.. .... Signify. Preliminary .^^/rr^TT.^ . . .Remark ..... .\77^. Similar . Prerogative.... Remember.. .T^TTx . .. .Similarity. <\O N. Preservation. . 3,. Remembrance .... .rTTft . .Smgular. Principal-le . . JX^ Represent-ative. . <<^. .\ . . . Somewhat . . . . i . S ./O . . Southern ..>}., ivilege... -^V- Privilege SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. Speak ^..... Them.. A .When... J. , Special-ly...\ These .,.) Where... <<^. Spoke.... \. *.... Thing ...Which.../ Subject ..\.,... Think.../ ..Whom.... ....... ... v. /^"^' :' / e ^-^ Subjection ..X) Time ". Will...xTr..- ..., Suggestion....*/ Together ...-!-rrr-... ...... With... /". 3 * Superflcial-ly . .9\. Transubstantiation .c\.. . . Without , V ^ Superintendent. . . /TT .\vTruth f . . . . World <^T. Sv ( Surprise..../?. . U Worth. ....V. .. 77 Swear.. ........ . ......... Understood .^rn-r^-T^-i... Would.. Trv. ..... ... . Trv. Swift ,. ............... .... Usual.... .\ .......... ..... Y Swore ....rT.). ........... United States ..... (> ...... Year ..... f. ..... ..... Sympathy.. fT/?.. ....... W Yet...C >v System... P.... . .... r ..Was ..... .......... ...... .Young..../ T Wealth-y....J.... ... ....Your ...... (~. f Thank-ed ./. ........ ...... Well ../C^.. ............ ;Y6uth..(! ............ ( . That ...... , ............. Were . . ^7.. ............... f ! 1 Their, There, . ,\ ......... What. . . J ...... . ....... ... AN INCONSEQUENT HISTORY OF INCONGRUOUS THINGS. NO. 1. An intelligent young man, having become antagonistic because a citizen would cross-examine him, together with his domestic, as to their religion, spoke to an archbishop who was familiar with his history, and asked him to take charge of the 78 SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. controversy. The Roman Catholic gentleman was astonished at the suggestion, but thanked the youth for the opportunity it gave him to develop his doctrine and help his generation. His brethren , nevertheless, were of the opinion that he should discriminate somewhat, and gave him the privilege to acknowledge his respon- sibility and establish his belief. Another circumstance should be understood as possibly distinguishing between prerogative and principle : the youth mistook the movement for a financial per- formance, and began to practice his malignant familiarity, which was a new thing in the experience of the evangelical brother, who swore somewhat, but yet did not go beyond the dignity of his Catholic and Christian endeavor. This, it is well to remember, was in New York, before the first of January, when the Doctor was preaching transubstantia- tion, a truth not generally held, and the Governor of Massachusetts, a plenipotentiary from San Francisco, a member of Parliament from Great Britain, and other representative people were particu- lar as to the perpendicularity of their belief. An angel from heaven could have had no difficulty to establish intelligence on the subject of insurance ; and even the archangels who dwell on the resurrection, have found their knowledge altogether without importance in the peculiar contingency. The fact is, a Southern gentleman, to whom the question was given, began to make memoranda with reference to jurisprudence in the celestial world, and to inscribe in- phonographic characteristics his own recollec- tions and observations, and to speak of the objections and advan- tages of a. Republic. A swift phoriographer, with a memorandum- book, had part in the controversy, and several other capable gen- tlemen, among them a manufacturer, who was their captain, and a Democrat, began to remark on the effects of an aristocracy. The County Democracy, who are responsible for much neglect and misdemeanor, and who during. February, September, November, and December of each year manufacture revolutionary language for the Legislature, gave a satisfactory description of the differ- ence between the plaintiff and defendant ; and the Rev. Mr. Brown, ever ready to deliver his opinion, or to change it on any subject for a dollar, said, notwithstanding his surprise at the indignity shown him, he would never again have sympathy for a system without a pecuniary object. I remember a time, now past, when preliminary bankruptcy SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. 79 was healthy, and would influence people to swear ; but do not infer from this that any bankrupt would think it practicable to do so.- According to our distinct remembrance the architectural bishopric was circumstantial and artificial, and no certificate of baptism could dignify the mistake, or qualify the probability to the satisfaction of the junior member. The peculiarity of the half length in phonography is singular, but practical, and its preservation, because indispensable, will probably continue as usual, notwithstanding the number of perpendicular strokes out of proportion. These do not signify where similar strokes come together in a regular way. Regularity is what we owe to system. Wealth lies in that quarter, and worth. Your benignant people belong to this class, and to them we shall send a Saviour. Super- ficially. Truth hath her home here, and has had. oh ! so long. The immediate kingdom, though large, is no mere manufactory, as I recollect it. It is also recoverable in a degree by the public, and never overcrowded. Next to being under subjection to an execu- trix or an administratrix, it is repugnant to have a representation in the Cabinet, especially if one can govern himself, or advertise what is already begun or almost to begin. As this is altogether beneficial, I need not describe it nor mention it for children to hear with awe ; but simply collect the facts and correct the errors, and thus halve the difficulties inartificially and in due form. To this regularity no one could specially object, because the frequent and peculiar evidences of popularity attending a similarity of movement everybody knew. Financially speaking, the general condition of the Demo- cratic party is not important ; nevertheless, people differ accord- ing to their different temperaments, and it should not astonisli any one that the wealthy give special care to health, and believe in avoiding superficial remedies, even though popular. The principal architecture of our large cities has especial reference to aristocratic taste, although it is inartificial and practically useless. But a lengthy dissertation is not possible, so this shall not be long. It will probably represent the celestially inclined, and refer to an interrogatory or two indispensably connected with the subject. Thank nobody for this, nor publish the fact, however responsibly it may be stated. This will not do to republish, for, oh ! it is so flat. 80 SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. , NO. 2. Mr Cleveland, Governor of New York, a gentleman of large experience, should know how to determine the peculiar principle of his own particular party, as he has had an advantage in con- nection with gentlemen of somewhat similar intelligence, who propose to do well, and will not do anything to their disadvantage ; but. according to a memorandum which they made among them- selves, before January, that is, between September and December, we think these important, influential, practical, and responsible persons can establish a government over the United States from Maine to San Francisco, whose significance you will here with truthfulness acknowledge, notwithstanding your counsel is differ- ent, and as member of another party, you have another object, other memoranda, and represent a company that, at the regular time this year, did all they were capable of doing to deliver the public property from danger. Our opinion on this subject we owe to no man ; nevertheless, as defendant, we shall swear that the plaintiff is not now indis- pensable, and we shall never remark that his influence is a thing of significant importance, where they are, in all probability, those who, like a new doctor, ever advertise for profit when any par- ticular knowledge about the children or family will connect the fact, in a general yet circumstantial way, with what I could call irregular, in the frequent difficulty to exchange a dollar during bankruptcy, behind which I knew those familiar with insurance and manufacture to go. Oh ! I recollect a circumstance, difficult to explain in language without phonography. When Mr. Cleveland was pretty well up in the world, he thought it was practicable, I remember, to refer the opportunity of the hour during his principal performance to the quantity of truthful friends who, it was probable, would immediately perform their part with subjection upon his return home. COMMON ERRORS IN SPELLING. Final e is dropped before a suffix beginning with a vowel : bite bit-ing desire desir-ing cure cur-iug compose compos-ing save sav-ing arrive arriv-ing sale sal-able receive receiv-ing give giv-ing balance balanc-ing SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. SI Except in words ending in ce or ge when the suffix begins with a or o ; or when final e is required to preserve the identity of the word. peace-able change-able notice-able service-able charge-able exchange-able manage-able outrage-ous courage-ous advantage-ous singe-ing dye-ing tinge-ing hoe-ing shoe-ing Although contrary to rule, custom sanctions dropping the final e in abridgment acknowledgment lodgment judgment DOUBLING FINAL CONSONANT. Words of one syllable, and those accented on the last syllable ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, double the final consonant before a suffix beginning with a vowel : beg dip begin prefer begging dipped beginning preferred control controllable permit permitted infer inferred occur occurrence sin sinner rid rid-dance Therefore and Therefor. If hence can be substituted, use the word therefore. If instead of, then the word therefor. Principal means chief, and must only be used in that sense. Principle, original cause, a motive. The word capital is only used for a building. Council, an assemby. Counsel, advice, direction. Consul, one appointed by the government to care for its com- mercial interests. USE OF Z, C, 8. realize recognize authorize civilize patronize apologize neutralize practice, or se advice (noun) advise (verb) device (noun) devise (verb) defense expense offense pretense 82 SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS. SIMPLE RULES FOR El AND IE. Ei follows c soft ; as, receive ; ie follows other consonants. Or. i before e, unless following c. perceive believe receipt relieve deceive reprieve conceive retrievable APOSTROPHE. Plural nouns which are formed by adding s, require only the apostrophe to denote possession. Plural nouns which are not formed by adding s, must have both apostrophe and s, the same as nouns in the singular number. Girls' hats. Burns's Poems. Boys' coats. An hour's work. Ladies' calls. Three years' lease. Children's toys. A dollar's worth. Men's clothing. ABBREVIATIONS. ad lib. ad libitum (at pleasure) con. contra (against) do. ditto (the same) e. g. exempli gratia . j et alibi and elsewhere ) I et alii or alias and others f I , j and others ) etc. , &c. ] et caetera i ., , , { ( ( and so forth et seq. et sequentes (and the following) ib. ibidem (in the same place) id. idem (the same) i. e. id est (that is) i. q. idem quod (the same as) pro tern. pro tempore (for the time being) SS. or ss. scilicet (namely) viz. videlicet (namely) Vs. or vs. versus (against) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. Form L9-25m-9,'47(A5618)444 RNlA uss ARY R5 3 s Supplementary lessons %-e Munson's Complete phon ogra.'oh.ei* * A 000 573 631 9 Z56 R53s