THE HISTORY OF 
 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
May Lansfield Keller. 
 
THE HISTORY OF 
 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 COMPILED BY 
 ELIZABETH ALLEN CLARKE - HELMICK 
 
 Michigan Alpha, Historian 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 1915 
 
( 
 
 Copyright, 1915 
 BY ELIZABETH A. HELMICK 
 
 DAVID D. NICKERSON & CO. 
 PUBLISHERS 
 
INTRODUCTORY 
 
 THE material for this record of Pi Beta Phi Frater- 
 nity has been gathered from the extensive research and 
 correspondence of Mrs. Rainie Adamson-Small, Histo- 
 rian 1890-1892, Mrs. May Reynolds-Drybread, Historian 
 1892-1893, Olive McHenry, Historian 1893-1895, and 
 Jeannette Zeppenfeld, Historian 1906-1910, from the 
 chapter history studies, instituted in 1897 by Susan 
 Lewis, Historian 1895-1906, from the Arrow files gath- 
 ered and bound by Mrs. Kate King-Bostwick, Historian 
 1910-1912, and from personal letters and information 
 from alumne. 
 
 The author has tried to keep in mind the fact that 
 this work was ordered compiled primarily for the busy 
 student Pi Phi, and she has left out much that would 
 have given her real pleasure to have included in our 
 Fraternity's life story. 
 
 The study of the history of Pi Beta Phi Fraternity 
 and intimate intercourse with our loyal alumnse have 
 been an inspiration and joy. Our Founders and our 
 makers of early history, and all alumnaa have a right to 
 exact of the Pi Phis of to-day that they preserve the 
 traditions, uphold the standards, and ever live constant 
 to their vows and the ideals and honor of Pi Beta Phi. 
 ELIZABETH ALLEN CLARKE - HELMICK, 
 
 Historian. 
 Fort Sheridan, Illinois, 
 April 28, 1915. 
 
 331106 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Introductory iii 
 
 Roll of Active Chapters 11 
 
 Roll of Inactive Chapters 14 
 
 I. In the Beginning 19 
 
 II. Rivalry 25 
 
 III. Extension 31 
 
 IV. Inactive Chapters 57 
 
 V. Organization and Government 71 
 
 VI. National Conventions 89 
 
 VH. Insignia 123 
 
 VIII. Alumnae Organizations 129 
 
 IX. Alumnae Clubs 139 
 
 X. Incorporation 165 
 
 XI. Grand Officers 169 
 
 XII. The Fraternity Magazine 177 
 
 XIII. Catalogue and Calendars 195 
 
 XIV. Pi Beta Phi Song Book 203 
 
 XV. Symphony and Coat-of-Arms 207 
 
 XVI. The "Cookie Shine" 211 
 
 XVII. Fellowships, Scholarships and Loan Funds . .217 
 
 XVIII. Fraternity Examinations 227 
 
 XIX. Pan-Hellenic Conventions 233 
 
 XX. Pi Beta Phi Settlement School 245 
 
 XXI. Conclusion 253 
 
 Fraternity Directory 259 
 
 Index , 265 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 May Lansfield Keller Frontispiece 
 
 Nancy Black 19 
 
 Libbie Brook . . 19 
 
 Clara Brownlee 19 
 
 Emma Brownlee 19 
 
 Ada Bruen 21 
 
 Jennie Home 21 
 
 Maggie Campbell 21 
 
 Rose Moore 21 
 
 Jennie Nicol 25 
 
 Fannie Thompson 25 
 
 Ina Smith 25 
 
 Fannie Whitenack 25 
 
 The Whitenack House 29 
 
 Kansas Alpha 33 
 
 Michigan Beta 33 
 
 Colorado Alpha 35 
 
 Illinois Beta 37 
 
 Colorado Beta 37 
 
 Iowa Zeta 37 
 
 Michigan Alpha 37 
 
 Illinois Delta 37 
 
 Columbia Alpha 37 
 
 California Alpha 41 
 
 Minnesota Alpha 41 
 
 Illinois Zeta 41 
 
 Vermont Alpha 41 
 
 Ohio Alpha , 41 
 
 Vermont Beta 43 
 
 vii 
 
THE HISTORY OF 
 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 ROLL OF ACTIVE CHAPTERS 
 1868-1915 
 
 1. Iowa Alpha, Iowa Wesleyan College, Mt. Pleasant, Decem- 
 
 ber 21, 1868. 
 
 2. Illinois Beta, Lombard College, Galesburg, June 22, 1872. 
 
 3. Kansas Alpha, Kansas State University, Lawrence, April 1, 
 
 1873. 
 
 4. Iowa Beta, Simpson College, Indianola, October 13, 1874. 
 
 5. Iowa Gamma, Iowa State College, Ames, May 11, 1877. 
 
 6. Iowa Zeta, Iowa State University, Iowa City, February 12, 
 
 1882. 
 
 7. Illinois Delta, Knox College, Galesburg, March 7, 1884. 
 
 8. Colorado Alpha, University of Colorado, Boulder, October 15, 
 
 1884. 
 
 9. Colorado Beta, University of Denver, Denver, February 12, 
 
 1885. 
 
 10. Michigan Alpha, Hillsdale College, Hillsdale, May 21, 1887. 
 
 11. Indiana Alpha, Franklin College, Franklin, January 16, 1888. 
 
 12. Michigan Beta, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, April 7, 
 
 1888. 
 
 13. Columbia Alpha, George Washington University, Washing- 
 
 ton, D. C., April 27, 1889. 
 
 14. Ohio Alpha, Ohio University, Athens, December 16, 1889. 
 
 15. Minnesota Alpha, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 
 
 May 30, 1890. 
 
 11 
 
12 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 16. Louisiana Alpha, H. Sophie Newcomb Memorial College, 
 
 New Orleans, October 29, 1891. 
 
 17. Pennsylvania Alpha, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Octo- 
 
 ber 12, 1892. 
 
 18. Indiana Beta, University of Indiana, Bloomington, April 13, 
 
 1893. 
 
 19. California Alpha, Leland Stanford University, Palo Alto, 
 
 September 13, 1893. 
 
 20. Vermont Alpha, Middlebury College, Middlebury, December 
 
 I, 1893. 
 
 21. Ohio Beta, Ohio State University, Columbus, April 5, 1894. 
 
 22. Illinois Epsilon, Northwestern University, Evanston, May 
 
 26, 1894. 
 
 23. Wisconsin Alpha, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Novem- 
 
 ber 1, 1894. 
 
 24. Pennsylvania Beta, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Janu- 
 
 ary 4, 1895. 
 
 25. Nebraska Beta, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, January 
 
 21, 1895. 
 
 26. Illinois Zeta, University of Illinois, Champaign, October 26, 
 
 1895. 
 
 27. New York Alpha, Syracuse University, Syracuse, February 
 
 II, 1896. 
 
 28. Massachusetts Alpha, Boston University, Boston, March 7, 
 
 1896. 
 
 29. Maryland Alpha, Goucher College, Baltimore, January 9, 
 
 1897. 
 
 30. Indiana Gamma, Butler College, Indianapolis, August 27, 
 
 1897. 
 
 31. Vermont Beta, University of Vermont, Burlington, Novem- 
 
 ber 24, 1898. 
 
 32. Missouri Alpha, University of Missouri, Columbia, May 27, 
 
 1899. 
 
 33. California Beta, University of California, Berkeley, August 
 
 27, 1900. 
 
 34. Texas Alpha, University of Texas, Austin, February 19, 1902. 
 
ROLL OF ACTIVE CHAPTERS 13 
 
 35. Pennsylvania Gamma, Dickinson College, Carlisle, December 
 
 21, 1903. 
 
 36. New York Beta, Barnard College, New York City, May 28, 
 
 1904. 
 
 37. Washington Alpha, University of Washington, Seattle, Jan- 
 
 uary 5, 1907. 
 
 38. Missouri Beta, Washington University, St. Louis, March 22, 
 
 1907. 
 
 39. Ontario Alpha, University of Toronto, Toronto, December 11, 
 
 1908. 
 
 40. Arkansas Alpha, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, De- 
 
 cember 29, 1909. 
 
 41. Oklahoma Alpha, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Septem- 
 
 ber 1, 1910. 
 
 42. Wyoming Alpha, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Septem- 
 
 ber 8, 1910. 
 
 43. Illinois Eta, James Millikin University, Decatur, March 29, 
 
 1912. 
 
 44. Washington Beta, Washington State College, Pullman, July 
 
 6, 1912. 
 
 45. Florida Alpha, John B. Stetson University, DeLand, Janu- 
 
 ary 30, 1913. 
 
 46. Virginia Alpha, Randolph-Macon College, College Park, May 
 
 10, 1913. 
 
 47. Missouri Gamma, Drury College, Springfield, January 9, 1914. 
 
 48. New York Gamma, St. Lawrence University, Canton, March 
 
 20, 1914. 
 
ROLL OF INACTIVE CHAPTERS 
 1867-1915 
 
 1. Monmouth College, Monmouth, HI., April 27, 1867-1884. 
 
 2. Mt. Pleasant Female Seminary, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, October, 
 
 1869-1871. 
 
 3. Asbury University, Greencastle, Indiana, September, 1870- 
 
 1877. 
 
 4. Baptist Young Ladies' Seminary, Indianapolis, Indiana, De- 
 
 cember, 1870-1871. 
 
 5. Illinois Wesleyan College, Bloomington, Illinois, February 
 
 18, 1872 
 
 6. State Institute, Bloomington, Indiana, April, 1872-1885. 
 
 7. Pella College, Pella, Iowa, 1881 
 
 8. Dearborn Seminary, Chicago, Illinois, November, 1881- 
 
 November, 1883. 
 
 9. Jacksonville Female Academy, Jacksonville, Illinois, Novem- 
 
 ber, 1881-1884. 
 
 10. Clarinda, Iowa, Nu Chapter of I. C., 1881-1885. (Associate.) 
 
 11. Burlington, Iowa, Omicron Chapter of I. C., July, 1881-1885. 
 
 (Associate.) 
 
 12. Iowa State Normal School, Bloomfield, Iowa, October, 1881- 
 
 1885. 
 
 13. Des Moines, Iowa, Omega Chapter of I. C., May, 1882-1893. 
 
 (Alumnae.) 
 
 14. Carthage College, Carthage, Illinois, September 13, 1882- 
 
 1888. 
 
 15. Fairfield, Iowa, Beta Omega of I. C., October 12, 1882-1890. 
 
 (Alumnae and Associate.) 
 
 16. Nebraska Methodist College, York, Nebraska, July 5, 1884- 
 
 1892. 
 
 14 
 
ROLL OF INACTIVE CHAPTERS 15 
 
 17. Ottumwa, Iowa, Iowa Theta of I. CX, August 22, 1884-1886. 
 
 (Associate.) 
 
 18. Iowa City, Iowa, Delta Omega of I. C., September 12, 1884- 
 
 1893. (Alumnae.) 
 
 19. Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, Gamma Omega of I. C., September, 1884- 
 
 1893. (Alumnae.) 
 
 20. Coe College, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Lambda of I. C., 1884-1886. 
 
 21. Wesleyan College, Cincinnati, Ohio, January 14, 1885-1886. 
 
 22. Lawrence, Kansas, Kappa Omega of I. C., 1885-1886. 
 
 (Alumnae.) 
 
 23. Callanan College, Des Moines, Iowa, October, 1886-1888. 
 
 24. Hastings College, Hastings, Nebraska, November 17, 1887- 
 
 1890. 
 
 25. University of Ohio, Wooster, Ohio, September 20, 1910- 
 
 February 14, 1913. 
 
" In the progress of each man's character, his relation 
 to the best men, which at first seems only the romance 
 of youth, acquires a graver importance; and he will 
 have learned the lesson of life who is skilled in the ethics 
 of friendship." EMERSON. 
 
Nancy Black. 
 Libbie Brook. 
 
 Clara Brownlee. 
 Emma Brownlee. 
 
CHAPTER I 
 
 IN THE BEGINNING 
 
 THE Pi Beta Phi Fraternity was founded under the 
 name of I. C. Sorosis, on April 28, 1867, in Monmouth 
 College, Monmouth, Illinois, by the following eleven 
 students of that college : Nannie L. Black (Mrs. Rob- 
 ert Wallace), M. Libbie Brook (Mrs. John H. Gaddis), 
 Clara Brownlee (Mrs. A. P. Hutchinson), Emma 
 Brownlee (Mrs. J. C. Kilgore), Ada C. Bruen (Mrs. S. 
 Graham), Maggie F. Campbell (Mrs. J. R. Hughes), 
 Jennie Home (Mrs. Thomas B. Turnbull), M. Rosetta 
 Moore, Ina B. Smith (Mrs. M. C. Soule), Fannie A. 
 Thompson (died in 1868) and Fannie B. Whitenack 
 (Mrs. Howard Libby). Jennie Nicol was the first initi- 
 ate, and was regarded as one of the Founders. 
 
 11 In 1865, Beta Theta Pi and Delta Tau Delta estab- 
 lished chapters at Monmouth College, and the following 
 year Phi Gamma Delta came into existence. This con- 
 temporaneous advent of so many fraternities into a 
 school in which national Greek-lettered societies had 
 previously been unknown created throughout the stu- 
 dent body great interest in the fraternity question. 
 Greek-lettered, or secret societies, naturally enough, 
 became a general topic of conversation among both men 
 and women undergraduates. Thus, it came about one 
 evening, when Libbie Brook, Ada Bruen, Clara and 
 
 19 
 
20 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 Emma Brownlee and Fannie Whitenack were gathered 
 in the latter's home, that the topic of fraternities was 
 under discussion, which resulted in the founding even- 
 tually of Pi Beta Phi Fraternity. 
 
 " ' Why cannot we college girls also have a frater- 
 nity? ' asked Emma Brownlee. The suggestion met 
 with favor, and the five girls chose six other girls as co- 
 founders of the proposed organization. On April 28, 
 1867, a meeting was held in the Holt house, where Libbie 
 Brook and Ada Bruen roomed, to organize the proposed 
 sorosis. Ten of the eleven girls attended this meeting. 
 Fannie Thompson was not present, though she had ac- 
 cepted the invitation to join the society. At this meet- 
 ing Emma Brownlee was made temporary president and 
 Nannie Black was made temporary secretary. A com- 
 mittee was appointed to draw up a constitution and 
 nominate officers, and the grip was settled upon. 
 
 " The next meeting, May 5th, held at Maggie Camp- 
 bell 's home, was surrounded with a secrecy and mystery 
 which would startle us to-day. Behind closed blinds, 
 and in whispered words, our constitution was adopted, 
 every other two letters being omitted when written to 
 insure secrecy." 
 
 The founding of our Fraternity was not the outcome 
 of a hasty, thoughtless school-girl's whim or sentimental 
 flash, but the result of serious discussion and planning. 
 The early days were teeming with sacrifice and service. 
 The very name chosen by them, I. C., known to all Pi 
 Phis, published their standard, and to the wisdom, in- 
 telligence and endurance of these women we owe the 
 long and successful life of our Fraternity. To these 
 
Ada Bruen. 
 Jennie Home. 
 
 Maggie Campbell. 
 Rose Moore. 
 
IN THE BEGINNING 21 
 
 pioneers, with their rare insight into the needs and de- 
 mands of the rising generations of women for higher 
 and broader intellectual and spiritual development and 
 unity, all fraternity women of all creeds should offer 
 homage. 
 
 The college secret fraternities to-day hold thousands 
 of kindred spirits together, under many different badges, 
 yet with similar aims. The Arrow does not pierce the 
 realm of any other fraternity than Pi Beta Phi, but the 
 aims and ideals of the great body fraternal are the same 
 that prompted our Founders forty-eight years ago, and 
 have stirred the hearts and deep emotions of every fra- 
 ternity woman for all these years. 
 
 From the very inception of Pi Beta Phi, our Found- 
 ers worked for a national organization. At the first 
 meeting, in April, 1867, when the constitution was dis- 
 cussed, the idea of a national order was dwelt upon and 
 forcibly emphasized. At the second regular meeting, on 
 May 5th, the name of I. C. Sorosis, and the Constitution 
 were finally adopted, the badge was settled upon, and 
 the first election of officers under the Constitution re- 
 sulted in making Emma Brownlee president, Nannie 
 Black secretary, and Maggie Campbell treasurer. 
 
 Our Founders were not ignorant of the opposition 
 they would have to contend with in executing their well 
 laid plans. They realized that it meant sacrifice, and 
 scattered throughout the pages of our early history we 
 read of the constant devotion and unfailing loyalty to 
 the objects and ideals of Pi Beta Phi. The stirring ac- 
 counts of the early struggle for recognition, the grave 
 opposition to woman's aggression upon man's privileges, 
 
22 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 and the miraculous growth of chapters and enthusiasm 
 would fill a book throbbing with vital interest. The ad- 
 vent of a woman's secret society, patterned after the 
 well established men's fraternities in college, was " such 
 a new and wonderful vision to the developing woman of 
 that day that it filled them with fear," and Mrs. Emma 
 Brownlee-Kilgore, our Founder, tells us that on May 
 14, 1867, " when the eleven members of the new chapter 
 finally ventured forth in chapel, wearing the golden 
 Arrow for the first time, it was a long-to-be-remembered 
 event ; the young men cheered, the Faculty smiled, and 
 we felt that it was truly an important occasion. ' ' Here 
 was laid the new and lasting foundation for greater op- 
 portunities for women, and a precedent for the ensuing 
 generations was established. Truly, the fruits of our 
 Founders' planting on virgin soil have exceeded their 
 fondest dreams. 
 
'' Let us then be what we are, and speak what we 
 think, and in all things keep ourselves loyal to truth, and 
 the sacred professions of friendship." 
 
Jennie Nicol. 
 Fannie Thompson. 
 
 h;a Smith. 
 Fannie Whitenaek. 
 
CHAPTER II 
 
 RIVALRY 
 
 " THE first two or three years of the life of our Fra- 
 ternity at Monmouth were very quiet and peaceful." 
 We had four chapters (Monmouth College, established 
 in 1867, Iowa Wesleyan University, established in 1868, 
 Wesleyan Female Seminary, at Mount Pleasant, estab- 
 lished in 1869, and Asbury University, at Greencastle, 
 Indiana, established in September, 1870) founded and 
 in a flourishing condition when Kappa Kappa Gamma 
 appeared in the field, in October, 1870, as our first rival. 
 
 One of our Founders, speaking of this time, tells us 
 that " Feeling ran very high between the two fraterni- 
 ties. I, C. Sorosis, of course, had the advantage of age 
 and established position, but the Kappas had among 
 their first members, several of boundless energy, great 
 zeal and indomitable will, so that much care and skilful 
 management were necessary for Pi Beta Phi to hold her 
 own against such opposition. But she did so, and not 
 only held her first standing, but steadily advanced. We 
 all know that the younger society lived and flourished 
 also. The strength of the fraternity testifies to this fact, 
 and Monmouth College should be proud to have been the 
 birthplace of two of the strongest women's fraternities 
 in the country." 
 
 The rivalry between Pi Beta Phi and Kappa Kappa 
 
 25 
 
26 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 Gamma continues to this day among active collegians, 
 but it is a healthful, stimulating rivalry, causing each 
 to put forth her best efforts. In our treasure chest may 
 be found rare and delightful mementoes of joint meet- 
 ings and cordial friendly greetings. The following, 
 written in 1886, is so typical of that charming style, 
 common among our college women thirty years ago, that 
 it is worthy of quotation in full : " To the I. C. Soro- 
 sis, assembled in Convention at Indianola, Iowa: Omi- 
 cron Chapter, of Kappa Kappa Gamma, sends greetings, 
 with best wishes for the prosperity and happiness of her 
 members. While the Key does not unlock the door into 
 the same mystic circle into which the Arrow of I. C. 
 pierces, yet each opens the way to higher walks of life, 
 which lead into gardens scented with the sweet perfume 
 of sisterly love, where happy groups, bound by the silver 
 cord of friendship, hand in hand, are striving to attain 
 a height upon which personal independence shall build 
 the citadel of virtue; and womanly character shall be 
 the key-note of the citadel arch. May the Arrow of I. C. 
 pierce every difficulty, and the Key of Kappa Kappa 
 Gamma unlock every barrier in the way, until our lives 
 may be spotless in the golden sunlight of the coming 
 morn." 
 
 This greeting voices the sentiment of our purpose in 
 life. When we were active college women our allegiance 
 to all things of Pi Beta Phi was paramount, and always 
 will remain first and foremost in our affections, but the 
 deeply instilled principles of devotion to the highest 
 ideals of perfect womanhood and sisterly love, give us, 
 in our more mature years, a broader vision and experi- 
 
IN THE BEGINNING 27 
 
 ence, and we honor all women wearing the insignia of 
 any Greek-lettered fraternity, as being of a common 
 sisterhood, aiming at the highest and best that can be 
 made of the lives of each of us. The thought of rivalry 
 is buried in the recesses of the forgotten past, and lost, 
 save as an incident of our youth, and our hearts grow 
 tender and our warmth is kindled and glows toward all 
 Greeks. 
 
 As in business " competition is the life of trade, " so 
 in our active college life rivalry is of decided benefit, 
 for it spurs us on to putting forth our greatest efforts, 
 and serves to bring out the best in us. For the older 
 fraternity women, whose hearts and hands are full of 
 the cares of this busy life of responsibilities, the past 
 years of fraternity life are filled with fond and happy 
 memories, and the magic spell of a renewed " frat " 
 meeting or a " cookie shine " is ever an alluring dream 
 dear to many. 
 
 The Founders of Pi Beta Phi were Western women, 
 infused with the broad and constantly expanding spirit 
 of freedom, independence and healthy normal growth. 
 The rolls of Pi Phi to-day, with its seventy-nine hundred 
 loyal and enthusiastic followers, are inspiring witnesses 
 to the sagacity, intrepidity, and far-seeing wisdom of 
 these eleven women. The children and grandchildren of 
 Monmouth are proud of the legacy of their honored 
 Founders, and this inheritance will be one of the most 
 precious gifts we may pass down to our posterity, with 
 the prayer that 
 
 " Whatsoever things are true, 
 Lovely, fair, 
 
28 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 Beyond compare, 
 Pure as the Arrow's gold, 
 Sweet as wine carnations hold, 
 
 Honest, just, of worth untold 
 These hold ye, in honor due 
 Best to serve the name ye bear. 
 
 Wearers of the wine and blue, 
 Choose these in your hearts to wear." 
 
" Convey thy love to thy friend as an arrow to the 
 mark, to stick there, not as a ball to bound back to thee." 
 FRANCIS QUABLES. 
 
CHAPTER III 
 
 EXTENSION 
 
 IN the summer of 1868, at the Oquawka Convention, 
 it was decided that, in order to establish a national fra- 
 ternity, it would be necessary for one of the Founders 
 to leave Monmouth and go elsewhere to school. Libbie 
 Brook volunteered, and we follow her entrance into 
 IOWA WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY, at Mount Pleasant, Iowa, 
 in the Autumn, purely to plant the seed and nourish 
 the bud of our young Fraternity, and to-day we point 
 with pride to IOWA ALPHA, our oldest living chapter, 
 and to the long list of earnest, cultured women who 
 have gone forth to all parts of the world, carrying with 
 them the principles and teachings of Pi Beta Phi. The 
 next year Nannie Black founded the chapter at the 
 MT. PLEASANT FEMALE SEMINARY, in October, and in 
 1870 Kate F. Preston left Mt. Pleasant, and founded 
 the chapter in ASBURY UNIVERSITY, Greencastle, Indiana. 
 
 Then Mary Brook, Libbie 's sister, followed on the 
 mission of expansion, entering LOMBARD UNIVERSITY, at 
 Galesburg, Illinois, throwing her influence and energy 
 into establishing the chapter known to-day as ILLINOIS 
 BETA. The following year, KANSAS ALPHA came into 
 existence through the labors of Sara Richardson, an en- 
 thusiast from Lombard, and so down to the present time, 
 the line of inheritance from chapter to chapter forms 
 
 31 
 
32 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 an important and eventful chain in the Fraternity's 
 history. 
 
 Active chapters from 1867 to 1882 were named in 
 rotation, according to the date of their charter, or estab- 
 lishment, with the letters of the Greek alphabet. In 
 1882, many changes in the chapter rolls having been 
 made, the Convention at Burlington voted for a revision, 
 which was made. This held good until the Indianola 
 Convention in 1886, when, owing to the rapid growth 
 of the Fraternity and withdrawal of all alumnae and 
 associate chapters, it became necessary to adopt a more 
 comprehensive method for designating chapters. The 
 present system, which was adopted on October 19, 1886, 
 was the result. By this method, the first chapter estab- 
 lished in a state becomes Alpha, with the state name 
 prefixed, the second becomes Beta, and so down the 
 Greek alphabet. ILLINOIS ALPHA is the only exception, 
 and it was voted that for all time the first chapter at 
 Monmouth should bear the name of ILLINOIS ALPHA, 
 and always be honored as the Mother of all chapters. 
 
 On Founders' Day, April 28, 1915, the rolls of Pi 
 Beta Phi Fraternity showed the following forty-eight 
 active chapters : 
 
 (1) IOWA ALPHA, IOWA WESLEY AN COLLEGE, Mt. 
 Pleasant, Iowa, established December 21, 1868, as 
 GAMMA CHAPTER of I. C. Sorosis, by Libbie Brook (Mrs. 
 Gaddis), is the oldest active chapter in existence. When 
 the chapters were renamed in 1886 by the vote of the 
 Convention at Indianola, she became IOWA ALPHA of 
 I. C. Sorosis. Her charter members were Libbie Brook 
 (Gaddis), Jessie Donnell (Thomas), Lavinia Spry 
 
Michigan Beta. 
 
 Kansas Alpha. 
 
EXTENSION 33 
 
 (Lisle), Sarah A. Taylor, Prude Kibben (Murphy), and 
 Sadie Harrison (Knight). Iowa Alpha's roll shows 
 four hundred and twenty-four living members and fifty- 
 two deceased members. 
 
 (2) ILLINOIS BETA, LOMBARD UNIVERSITY, Galesburg, 
 Illinois, was established June 22, 1872, by Mary Brook, 
 as IOTA CHAPTER of I. C. Sorosis, with the following 
 charter members : Sara A. Richardson, Carrie Brain- 
 ard, Ellen McKay (Greenwood), Charlotte Fuller 
 (Kisley), Eugenie Fuller, Emily Fuller, Emma Batchel- 
 der (Cox), Lucretia Hansen (Wertman), Genevieve 
 Dart (Crossette), Elsie Warren and Clara Richardson 
 (Putnam). At the Indianola Convention in 1886, the 
 chapter became ILLINOIS BETA. Two hundred and 
 seventy-one members have been initiated into this chap- 
 ter, of whom twenty-one are deceased. 
 
 (3) KANSAS ALPHA, KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY, 
 Lawrence, Kansas, was established on April 1, 1873, 
 through the influence of Sara Richardson, of Illinois 
 Beta, as KAPPA CHAPTER of I. C. Sorosis. Her charter 
 members were: Mary Richardson, Hannah Oliver, 
 Clara Morris (Perkins), Lizzie Yeagley (Shaub), Vina 
 Lambert (Selkirk), Gertrude Bough ton (Blackwelder), 
 Flora Richardson (Colman) and Alma Richardson 
 (Wallace). Her name was changed to KANSAS ALPHA 
 in 1886, by the vote of the Indianola Convention. She 
 has initiated three hundred and sixty-seven members, 
 three hundred and forty-seven of whom are living. 
 
 (4) IOWA BETA, SIMPSON COLLEGE, Indianola, Iowa, 
 was established October 13, 1874, as LAMBDA CHAPTER 
 of I. C. Sorosis, through the efforts of Estella E. Walter 
 
34: PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 (Ball), of Iowa Alpha. In 1886, her name was changed 
 to IOWA BETA, by the vote of the Ninth Convention, 
 held at Indianola, Iowa. Her charter members were : 
 Fannie Andrew (Noble), Kate Barker (McCune), Ella 
 Todhunter (Rickey), Estella Walter (Ball), Ida Che- 
 shire (Barker), Marie Morrison (Samson), Louise Noble 
 (Curtis), Emma Patton (Noble), Elizabeth Cook (Mar- 
 tin) and Elizabeth Guyer (Linn). Her rolls show two 
 hundred and fifty living members and twenty-one de- 
 ceased members. 
 
 (5) IOWA GAMMA, IOWA STATE COLLEGE, Ames, 
 Iowa, was first chartered May 11, 1877, as Mu CHAPTER 
 of I. C. Sorosis, through the influence of Elizabeth Cook 
 (Martin), of Iowa Beta. Her charter members were : 
 Alice Neal (Gregg), Cora Patty (Payne), Cora Keith 
 (Pierce), May Farwell (Carpenter), Angie Baird 
 (Wilson), Florence Brown (Martin), Mary Carpenter 
 (Hardin), Emma G. Trummel, Ellen Rice (Robbins), 
 Alice Whited (Burling), Jennie Leet (Wattles) and 
 Alfa Campbell (Fassett). By a ruling of the Ninth 
 Convention, at Indianola, in 1886, her name was 
 changed to IOWA GAMMA. In 1891 her charter was 
 withdrawn because of anti-fraternity laws in the insti- 
 tution, but when these laws were repealed, in 1903, the 
 chapter was again established on February 24, 1906, 
 and was composed of members of the local society Iota 
 Theta. Her rolls show that she has initiated two hun- 
 dred and one members, eleven of whom are deceased. 
 
 (6) IOWA ZETA, IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY, Iowa City, 
 Iowa, was chartered February 12, 1882, as Cm CHAPTER 
 of I. C. Sorosis. The organization was effected through 
 
Colorado Alpha. 
 
EXTENSION 35 
 
 the influence of Rena Reynolds (Howard), of Iowa 
 Alpha, and Estella Walter (Ball), of Iowa Beta, with 
 the following charter members: Estella Walter 
 (Ball), Emma Humphrey (Haddock), Laura Shipman 
 (Donnell) and Lucy M. Ham (Robinson). Its name was 
 changed from Chi Chapter to Sigma Chapter in 1882, 
 and in 1886, by the Convention held at Indianola it was 
 changed to its present name of IOWA ZETA. She has a 
 roll of two hundred and twenty-one living members and 
 fourteen deceased. 
 
 (7) ILLINOIS DELTA, KNOX COLLEGE, Galesburg, Illi- 
 nois, was established March 7, 1884, through the good 
 will of Illinois Beta, as UPSILON CHAPTER of I. C. Soro- 
 sis, though an attempt had been made two years pre- 
 vious, under the name of Tau Chapter, which failed. 
 The charter members were : Bessie M. Johnson, Geor- 
 gia Smith (Gale), M. Emma Stickney, Carrie McMurtie 
 (Conyers) and Gertrude Chapin (Thomson). Illinois 
 Delta has initiated two hundred and fifty-nine members, 
 eight of whom are deceased. 
 
 (8) COLORADO ALPHA, UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, 
 Boulder, Colorado, was established through the influence 
 of Helena Dorr (Stidger) and Dessie Widner (Rodgers), 
 of the Iowa Alpha Chapter. The charter was dated 
 October 15, 1884, as OMEGA CHAPTER of I. C. Sorosis, 
 and for a short time in 1886 it was named Nu CHAPTER, 
 when the Indianola Convention in October, 1886, 
 changed its name to the one she bears to-day Colorado 
 Alpha. Her charter members were: Mary L. Pea- 
 body (Dickinson), Leila Peabody, Elizabeth Heywood 
 Everts (Green), Carrie Dorr (Elliott), Minnie Earhart 
 
36 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 (Wells), Esther L. Scudder, Sarah Holzman (Neu- 
 stadt), Georgiana Rowland and Kate Wise. Her roll 
 shows one hundred and twenty living members and ten 
 deceased. 
 
 (9) COLORADO BETA, UNIVERSITY OF DENVER, Denver, 
 Colorado, was established February 12, 1885, under the 
 personal leadership of Helen and Addie Sutliff, of Kan- 
 sas Alpha, as BETA CHAPTER of I. C. Sorosis. The fol- 
 lowing year the name was changed to Colorado Beta. 
 The charter members were : Belle Anderson, Ruth 
 Hattie Ritz, Elizabeth Tuttle (Kingman), Mary Wolcott 
 (Smith), Frances Carpenter (Curtis) and Mary A. 
 Carpenter (Sadtler). The total initiated numbers two 
 hundred and ten, of whom ten are deceased. 
 
 (10) MICHIGAN ALPHA, HILLSDALE COLLEGE, Hills- 
 dale, Michigan, was chartered May 21, 1887. Her char- 
 ter members were: May Copeland (Reynolds-Dry- 
 bread), Josephine Graham (Hollinger), Myra Brown, 
 Belle Armstrong (Douglass), Carrie Charles (Barker) 
 and Anna Burgoyne (Stebbins). Michigan Alpha has 
 added one hundred and ninety-three members to the 
 rolls of Pi Beta Phi, fourteen of whom are deceased. 
 
 (11) INDIANA ALPHA, FRANKLIN COLLEGE, Franklin, 
 Indiana, was established through the efforts of Rainie 
 Adamson-Small, of Illinois Beta, Grand President, at 
 Indianola, from the local society Alpha Xi Theta, and 
 was chartered January 16, 1888, with the following 
 fourteen charter members : Emma Harper Turner, 
 Martha Noble (Carter), Inez Ulery McGuire, Jeannette 
 Zeppenfeld, Elizabeth Middleton, Harriott Palmer, 
 Maud E. Metsker, Emma McCoy (Hillis), Ona H. Payne 
 
Illinois Beta. 
 
 Iowa Zeta. 
 
 Colorado Beta. 
 
 Michigan Alpha. 
 
 Illinois Delta. 
 
 Columbia Alpha. 
 
EXTENSION 37 
 
 (Newsom), Pearl Wood (Sanford), Florence Shuh 
 (Clark), Anna McMahon, Nelle B. Turner and Mary 
 Emma Ellis (Monroe). Her roll shows that two hun- 
 dred and thirty members have been initiated, seven of 
 whom are deceased. 
 
 (12) MICHIGAN BETA, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, Ann 
 Arbor, Michigan, was chartered April 7, 1888, through 
 the influence of Minnie H. Newby (Ricketts), of Iowa 
 Alpha, and Statia Pritchard (Oursler), of Iowa Gamma. 
 The charter members were Minnie H. Newby (Ricketts), 
 Statia Pritchard (Oursler), Lucy Parker (Iluber), 
 Fannie K. Read (Cook) and Frances Arnold (Chad- 
 dock). May Copeland (Drybread) and Jessie Sheldon, 
 of Michigan Alpha, conducted the installation. Mich- 
 igan Beta has upon her rolls one hundred and eighty- 
 nine members, nine of whom are deceased. 
 
 (13) COLUMBIA ALPHA, GEORGE WASHINGTON UNI- 
 VERSITY, Washington, D. C., was chartered April 27, 
 1889, through the influence of Emma Harper Turner, of 
 Indiana Alpha, with the following charter members : 
 Phoebe Russell Norris, Sallie F. Sparks, Anna S. Hazel- 
 ton, Lillian S. Hazelton, Augusta M. Pettigrew (Shute) 
 and Emma Harper Turner. She carries the names of 
 one hundred and thirty-seven living initiates on her 
 rolls, and two deceased members. 
 
 (14) OHIO ALPHA, OHIO UNIVERSITY, Athens, Ohio, 
 was founded December 16, 1889, through the labors of 
 May Copeland (Drybread), of Michigan Alpha, with the 
 following charter members: Bertha McVey, Frances 
 Norton (Price), Corinne Super (Stine), Grace Gros- 
 venor (Shepard) and Fannie Brown. Elizabeth Foster 
 
38 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 and Bertha Brown were the first initiates, and since her 
 founding she has added one hundred and seventy-seven 
 to the wearers of the Arrow, seven of whom have died. 
 
 (15) MINNESOTA ALPHA, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, 
 Minneapolis, Minnesota, was founded May 30, 1890, 
 through the efforts of Minnie H. Newby (Ricketts), of 
 Michigan Beta, Grand Vice-President, with the follow- 
 ing six charter members: Ava Sumbardo (Perry), 
 Antoinette Palmer (Bond), Sarah Bird Lucy, Esther 
 Fiedlander, Clara Edith Bailey and Fanny Rutherford 
 (Stanton). This charter was withdrawn in November, 
 1896, but on September 8, 1906, Minnesota Alpha was 
 reestablished, with the following members of the local 
 society Beta Iota Gamma: Constance Day (Tawney), 
 Juanita Day, Irma Smith, Carrie Smith (Rucker), 
 Maud V. Johnson, Josephine Schain, Jessie Matson, 
 Florence Amble (Reed), Nellie Heyd, Alice Thompson 
 (Ladd), Monica Keating, Hortense Laybourn, Helen 
 Dickerson (Cobb), Florence Burgess (Blackburn), 
 Genevieve Watson, Louise Leavenworth (Newkirk), 
 Edith Garbett (Pickett), Ethelyn Conway (Harrison), 
 Luella Woodke (Humphrey), Bessie Tucker (Gislason), 
 Minnie Trimble and Esther Jean Chapman. She has 
 initiated one hundred and thirty-five into Pi Beta Phi, 
 four of whom are deceased. 
 
 (16) LOUISIANA ALPHA, H. SOPHIE NEWCOMB 
 MEMORIAL COLLEGE, TULANE UNIVERSITY, New Orleans, 
 Louisiana, was organized through the efforts of Mary L. 
 Burton (Wright), of Indiana Alpha, with the following 
 charter members : Josephine Craig (Wickes), Anna P. 
 Coyle, Isabella B. Coleman (Weise), Alice Boardman 
 
EXTENSION 39 
 
 (Baldridge), Lottie Fairfax Galleher (Blacklock), Eliz- 
 abeth Henderson (Labrot) and Mary Given Matthews 
 (Mcllhenny), on October 29, 1891. Her chapter roll 
 shows one hundred and fifty initiated, six of whom are 
 deceased. 
 
 (17) PENNSYLVANIA ALPHA, SWARTHMORE COLLEGE, 
 Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, was chartered October 12, 
 1892, and installed by Lucy Maris and Zuell Preston 
 (Tyler), of Michigan Beta, with the following charter 
 members: Dora A. Gilbert, Marion D. Perkins (Jes- 
 sup), Harriet Kent (Hilton), M. Elizabeth Pownell 
 (Walton), Elizabeth M. Bailey (Powell), Lauretta T. 
 Smedley (Button) and Frances Darlington. She carries 
 one hundred and thirty-one living members on her roll, 
 and one deceased. 
 
 (18) INDIANA BETA, UNIVERSITY OF INDIANA, Bloom- 
 ington, Indiana, was organized by Elizabeth Middleton, 
 of Indiana Alpha, and chartered on April 13, 1893, by 
 the following members : Elizabeth Middleton, Jessie 
 Traylor (Grimes), Delia Evelyn Mount (Wooden), 
 Laura Rogers Grimes (Anderson), Eleanor Pearl 
 Grimes (Wright), Blanche McLaughlin, Edna Earl 
 Stewart and Carrie Bell Burner. She has added two 
 hundred and seventy-five to the rolls of Pi Beta Phi, 
 four of whom have died. 
 
 (19) CALIFORNIA ALPHA, LELAND STANFORD UNIVER- 
 SITY, Palo Alto, California, was organized by Anna Lena 
 Lewis, of Kansas Alpha, and first chartered September 
 13, 1893, with the following charter members : Mary 
 Myrtle Osborne (Lowe), Nellie Dora Woodburn, Stella 
 Mary Mayhugh, Ruby Adeline Ordway, Anna Mabel 
 
40 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 Lowe, Harriet Augusta Nichols (Taylor), Mary Alice 
 Mathews and Anne Lena Lewis. This charter was with- 
 drawn in the Autumn of 1897, and the chapter remained 
 inactive until February 11, 1905, when the charter was 
 reissued. She carries one hundred and nine living 
 members on her rolls, and two are recorded deceased. 
 
 (20) VERMONT ALPHA, MIDDLEBURY COLLEGE, Mid- 
 dlebury, Vermont, was organized by Jennie Sutliff, of 
 Kansas Alpha, and chartered on December 1, 1893, with 
 the following charter members : Laura S. Clark, Ber- 
 tha E. Ranslow (Joscelyn), Cora A. Brock (Daniels), 
 Mary 0. Pollard, Lena M. Roseman (Denio), Mabel H. 
 Ware (Bailey), Ada A. Hurlburt, Mary A. Towle and 
 Harriet D. Gerould. Vermont Alpha has initiated one 
 hundred and forty-eight members, having lost four by 
 death. 
 
 (21) OHIO BETA, OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, Columbus, 
 Ohio, was organized by May Copeland (Drybread), of 
 Michigan Alpha, with assistance from Ohio Alpha, and 
 chartered on the 5th of April, 1894, with the following 
 charter members : Anna Houston Blackiston (Pow- 
 ell), Mona Liggett Fay (Gee), Agnes Florida Chalmers, 
 May Baxter Porter (Miseldine), Gertrude Alice Plim- 
 mer (Sargent) and Ruth Houseman (Belknap). She 
 has initiated one hundred and ten members and lost four 
 by death. 
 
 (22) ILLINOIS EPSILON, NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY, 
 Evanston, Illinois, was organized by Grace Lass (Sis- 
 son) and Loretta Hood, of Illinois Delta, and was char- 
 tered May 26, 1894, with the following charter mem- 
 bers: Maude Ethelyn Van Sickle (Schiver), Miriam 
 
California Alpha. 
 
 Minnesota Alpha. 
 
 Illinois Zeta. 
 
 Vermont Alpha. 
 
 Ohio Alpha. 
 
EXTENSION 41 
 
 Elizabeth Prindle (Waller), Grace Irmagarde Van 
 Sickle (Melone), Hila May Verbeck (Knapp) and Addie 
 May Griggs. She has initiated one hundred and sev- 
 enty-five, one of whom has died. 
 
 (23) WISCONSIN ALPHA, UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN, 
 Madison, Wisconsin, was organized by Mrs. Gertrude 
 Clark-Sober, of Michigan Beta, and Elizabeth Church 
 Smith, of Colorado Alpha, and installed on November 1, 
 
 1894, with the following charter members : Elizabeth 
 Church Smith, Elizabeth B. McGregor, Bessie Steen- 
 berg (Webster), Anna Pauline Houghton (Williams), 
 Anna L. Meshek (Tillotson), Amelia Ecklor Hunting- 
 ton (Gilmore), Agnes Arlette Perry, Genevieve Church 
 Smith and Nellie B. MacGregor (Ellis). Two hundred 
 and thirty-six members are upon her roll, five of whom 
 are deceased. 
 
 (24) PENNSYLVANIA BETA, BUCKNELL UNIVERSITY, 
 Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, was organized by Elizabeth 
 Culver, of Colorado Alpha, and chartered January 4, 
 
 1895, with the following members : Mary Bartol 
 (Theiss), Mary Moore Wolfe, Anna Kate Goddard 
 (Jones), Ruth Horsfield Sprague (Downs), Mary Re- 
 becca Eddelman (Saunders), Kate Irene McLaughlan 
 (Bourne) and Cora R. Perry (Finn). She has one 
 hundred and fifty-one living members and she has lost 
 four by death. 
 
 (25) NEBRASKA BETA, UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA, Lin- 
 coln, Nebraska, was established through the efforts of 
 Belle T. Reynolds, of Nebraska Alpha, Mae Miller Lan- 
 sing, of Michigan Alpha, Adaline M. Quaintance, of 
 Illinois Beta, and Helen B. Sutliff, Grand President, 
 
42 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 and chartered January 21, 1895, with the following 
 charter members: Lulu Eva Wirt, Jennie Barber 
 (Plym), Kate Snow Walker (Johnson), Bessie Turner 
 (Pearsall), Edna Blanche Carscadden (Wilson), Ger- 
 trude Wright (Barber), Belle T. Reynolds, Mae Miller 
 Lansing and Adaline M. Quaintance. She has added one 
 hundred and ninety-eight members to the rolls of Pi 
 Beta Phi, four of whom are deceased. 
 
 (26) ILLINOIS ZETA, UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, Cham- 
 paign, Illinois, was organized by Grace Lass (Sisson), 
 Grand President, assisted by Jessie Davidson, of Illinois 
 Delta, and chartered October 26, 1895, with the follow- 
 ing charter members : Amelia Darling Alpiner 
 (Stern), Edith Marie Weaver (Gilhulely), Blanche C. 
 Lindsay (Wood), Martha Vivian Monier (Morissy), 
 Laura E. Busey (Fulton), Nellie Besore (Sears), Edith 
 M. Yoemans, Anne B. Montgomery (Bahnsen) and Lelia 
 White. She carries one hundred and eighty-five living 
 members on her rolls, and three are recorded as de- 
 ceased. 
 
 (27) NEW YORK ALPHA, SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, Syra- 
 cuse, New York, was organized through the efforts of 
 Grace Grosvenor, of Ohio Alpha, and Florence Sher- 
 wood, of Kansas Alpha, and chartered February 11, 
 1896, with the following charter members : Julia A. 
 Talbott, Louise V. Winfield, Clara G. Hookway (Dun- 
 ham), Frances Beattie (Terry), Mary E. Mumford 
 (Latham), Lida May 'Byron, Blanche E. Harter 
 (Ivory), Frances May Bliss and Leora Sherwood (Gray). 
 Her rolls show that she has added two hundred and 
 twenty-three members to Pi Beta Phi, three of whom 
 are deceased. 
 
Massachusetts Alpha. 
 
 Pennsylvania Gamma. 
 
 New York Beta. 
 
 California Beta. 
 
EXTENSION 43 
 
 (28) MASSACHUSETTS ALPHA, BOSTON UNIVERSITY, 
 Boston, Massachusetts, was installed by Grace Grosve- 
 nor, of Ohio Alpha, and Mrs. Susanne Smith-Tyndale, 
 of Iowa Zeta, on March 7, 1896, with the following 
 charter members: Ethel Pearl Bancroft (Bicknell), 
 Clara B. Cooke, Evelyn A. Howe, Edith L. Floyd 
 (Swan), Winifred G. Hill (Maxfield), Mercy Mont- 
 gomery Hood, Adeline Mae Lawrence, Lucy Allen Gardi- 
 ner, Florence N. Flagg and Olive Bacon Gilchrist. She 
 lias one hundred and fifty-eight living members and she 
 has lost two by death. (See Arrow, Volume XII, 
 page 139.) 
 
 (29) MARYLAND ALPHA, GOUCHER COLLEGE, Balti- 
 more, Maryland, was chartered January 9, 1897. Eliza- 
 beth K. Culver, of Colorado Alpha, Helen and Elizabeth 
 Lamb, of Pennsylvania Alpha, and Loe Mary Ware, of 
 Nebraska Alpha, organized the chapter, and it was in- 
 stalled by Florence P. Chase (Cass), of Michigan Alpha, 
 with the following charter members : May Lansfield 
 Keller, Waunda Hartshorn (Petrunkevitch), Helen Ben- 
 son Doll (Tottle), Jennie Beck Smith, Elsie Price 
 Ganoe, Sylvia Evelina Ware (Ireland) and Edna Liv- 
 ingston Stone. She has added one hundred and forty- 
 six members to the rolls of Pi Beta Phi Fraternity. 
 (See Arrow, Volume XIII, page 97.) 
 
 (30) INDIANA GAMMA, BUTLER COLLEGE, Indianapolis, 
 Indiana, was chartered August 27, 1897. She was or- 
 ganized through the efforts of Bertha Hollard, of 
 Indiana Beta, from the local society Alpha Phi Psi, 
 and was installed by Mrs. Grace Lass-Sisson, Grand 
 President, with the following charter members : Mabel 
 
44 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 Gertrude Hank, Edith Boor Roberts (Loop), Ethel R. 
 Curryer, Annie Mercer McCollum, Olive Inez Phares 
 (Tittsworth), Jessie Larder Christian (Brown), Emily 
 Matilda Helming, Elizabeth Moxon Banning, Annette 
 Maybelle Seeley, Mary Gertrude McCollum (Moorhead) 
 and Marietta Lamb Thompson (Sprague). Her rolls 
 show one hundred and forty-two have been initiated, of 
 whom five are deceased. (See Arrow, Volume XIV, 
 page 13.) 
 
 (31) VERMONT BETA, UNIVERSITY OP VERMONT, Bur- 
 lington, Vermont, was chartered November 24, 1898, 
 through the efforts of Ada Hurlburt, of Vermont Alpha. 
 The installation was conducted by Ada Hurlburt and 
 Annis Sturges, of Vermont Alpha, and Martha P. 
 Luther, of Massachusetts Alpha, with the following 
 charter members : Ada Almina Hurlburt, Eliza May- 
 belle Farman, Mary Isabelle Gregory (Waddell), Kate 
 Russell (White), Edith Louise Carpenter, Mary Conro, 
 Ivah Winnifred Gale, Katheryne Knee Gebhardt 
 (Welch), Inez Adelaide Grout, Charlotte Frances Hale, 
 Susanne Pearl Whiteman (Smith), Grace Anna Good- 
 hue (Coolidge), Ethel Marilla Stevens (Guptel) and 
 Mary Adelle Grout (McKibbon). She shows an enroll- 
 ment of ninety-two members, four of whom are deceased. 
 (See Arrow, Volume XV, page 69.) 
 
 (32) MISSOURI ALPHA, UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI, 
 Columbia, Missouri, was chartered May 27, 1899, and 
 installed by Mrs. Grace Lass-Sisson, Grand President, 
 with the following charter members : Mary Iglehart 
 (Wear), Sue Stone (Smith), Maud Miller (Jones), 
 Maud Rippey (Minear), Lillian Lohr, Gertrude Bay- 
 
EXTENSION 45 
 
 less (Mills), and Hettie Anthony. One hundred and 
 sixty members have been initiated since her installation, 
 three of whom she has lost by death. (See Arrow, 
 Volume XV, page 168.) 
 
 (33) CALIFORNIA BETA, UNIVERSITY OP CALIFORNIA, 
 Berkeley, California, was chartered August 27, 1900, 
 through the influence of Anna L. Mashek, of Wisconsin 
 Alpha, and she was installed by Ida Smith, of Kansas 
 Alpha, with the following charter members : Elizabeth 
 Jane Adams (Brown), Dora Bramlet (Ross), Eva Laura 
 Bramlet (Mannon), Sarah Theresa Huber (Manning), 
 Claire Madelaine Haas (Maples), Elma Anton Korbel, 
 Camilla Virginia Meyer (Herman) and Maud Estelle 
 Schaeffer. Her rolls show one hundred and fifty-one 
 initiated, two of whom are deceased. (See Arrow, 
 Volume XVII, page 15.) 
 
 (34) TEXAS ALPHA, UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS, Austin, 
 Texas, was installed by Mrs. Ida Smith-Griffith, of 
 Kansas Alpha, on February 19, 1902, with the following 
 charter members: Jennie Armstrong Bennett (Ben- 
 nett), Loula Rose (Kibbe), Minnie Rose (Rector), 
 Vivian Brenizer (Caswell), Flora Bartholomew (Mc- 
 Leod), Attie McClendon (Marshall), Aline Harris (Mc- 
 Ashan), Ada Garrison, Anna Townes and Elsie Garrett 
 (Townes). She has initiated one hundred and fifty-one 
 members into Pi Beta Phi and lost three by death. (See 
 Arrow, Volume XVIII, page 141.) 
 
 (35) PENNSYLVANIA GAMMA, DICKINSON COLLEGE, 
 Carlisle, Pennsylvania, was installed December 21, 1903, 
 by Grand President Elizabeth Gamble, assisted by 
 Mary Bartol-Theiss, with the following charter mem- 
 
46 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 bers, all of the local society Alpha Phi Eta: Ruth 
 Barrett (Terrel), Anna May Hull (Crostusite), Kath- 
 erine Keefer, Gertrude Heller (Barnhart), Anna J. 
 Spears, Mabel B. Kirk, Kathleen M. Gooding (Ricken- 
 baugh), Delora E. Armstrong, Corinne Gaul, Mary C. 
 Stahr, Mary E. Hoover, Eva E. Cass, Ada Filler (Ken- 
 nedy), Elsie Hoffer, Dorothy G. Hoover, Marguerite 
 Barrett and Ideala Shimmel (Watson). This chapter 
 shows eighty-seven members initiated, one of whom has 
 died. (See Arrow, Volume XX, page 76.) 
 
 (36) NEW YORK BETA, BARNARD COLLEGE, New York, 
 New York, was organized from the local society Tau 
 Beta and chartered May 28, 1904. The installation was 
 conducted by the Grand President, Elizabeth Gamble, 
 assisted by Mary Bartol-Theiss, Grace Lass-Sisson, ex- 
 Grand President, and Charlotte Allen-Farnsworth, 
 ex-Grand Guide. The charter members were : 
 Minnie Randolph Boulger, Margaret Loretta Charles 
 Claffy, Julia Hulet Freed, Florence Eddy Hubbard, 
 Bessie Louise Lewis, Lisette Metcalf (Meikeljohn), Mary 
 Washburn Murtha (Webb), Dora Russell Nevins, E. 
 Millicent Perkins (Lawrence), Virginia Ralph (Davis), 
 Ella Jane Reaney, Mary Catherine Ruth Reardon and 
 Martha Ellen Thomas. She has seventy-four living 
 members upon her rolls. (See Arrow, Volume XX, page 
 235, also Volume XXIX, page 601, and Volume XXX, 
 page 351.) 
 
 (37) WASHINGTON ALPHA, UNIVERSITY OP WASHING- 
 TON, Seattle, Washington, was formed from the local 
 society Kappa Tau Tau, and was chartered January 5, 
 1907, and installed "by Roberta Frye, of Maryland Alpha, 
 
EXTENSION 47 
 
 president of Delta Province, with the following charter 
 members: Mildred M. Boyd (Ryan), Imogen Cun- 
 ningham, Grace Silver Egbert, Harriet Rutherford 
 Johnstone, Dorothy Ray, Bess R. Wilbur, Genevieve 
 Bernice Clark (Mulvehill), Elizabeth Dearborn, Lela 
 Hawkins (Whitfield), Anne Krumdick (Walker), Ruth 
 Emeline Sturley and Agnes Logan Willis (Floyd). She 
 has initiated one hundred and twenty members into 
 Pi Beta Phi Fraternity. (See Arrow, Volume XXIII, 
 page 175.) 
 
 (38) MISSOURI BETA, WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, St. 
 Louis, Missouri, was chartered on March 22, 1907, and 
 installed by Elda L. Smith, Grand Secretary. The 
 charter members were: Ruth Bayley (Sargent), 
 Louise Buckingham Birch (Weidner), Helen Calista 
 Gorse, Julia Bell Griswold, Helen Maude Johnson, Hope 
 Mersereau (Bryson), Frances Rossbrough (Hudson), 
 Shirley Louise Seifert, Amy Starbuck, Hazel Louise 
 Tompkins, Elise Biddle Ver Steeg and Alice Louise 
 Woodward (Koken). She has initiated eighty-nine mem- 
 bers and lost one by death. (See Arrow, Volume XXIII, 
 page 267.) 
 
 (39) ONTARIO ALPHA, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, To- 
 ronto, Canada, was organized from members of the local 
 society Xi Tau, and installed by Grand President May 
 Lansfield Keller on December 11, 1908, with the follow- 
 ing charter members : Ethelwyn Bradshaw, Geraldine 
 Oakley, Muriel Oakley, Beatrice Bowbeer, Jean Fechnay, 
 Bessie Cruickshank, Kathleen Ireland, Alma Anderson, 
 Edith Gordon, Maude Zuern, Minnie Barry, Marguereta 
 Chapman, Gladness Chapman, Jean McConnell and 
 
48 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 Jessie Starr. She has initiated forty-nine members 
 into Pi Beta Phi. (See Arrow, Volume XXV, pages 
 99-103.) 
 
 (40) ARKANSAS ALPHA, UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS, 
 Fayetteville, Arkansas, was formed from the local society 
 Gamma Epsilon Delta and was organized through the 
 efforts of Mrs. W. N. Gladson, of Iowa Gamma, and Mrs. 
 E. N. Merriman, of Iowa Zeta, and Celeste Janvier, of 
 Louisiana Alpha. The charter was dated December 29, 
 
 1909, and the installation on that date was conducted 
 by Grand President May L. Keller, assisted by Mrs. E. 
 N. Merriman, Iowa Zeta, Mrs. Hugh Branson, of Indiana- 
 Beta, and Mrs. J. F. Gilbert, of Iowa Beta. The follow- 
 ing were the charter members : Hazel Gadson, Ruth 
 Wood (Clark), Mary Shannon, Ruth Jennings, Mildred 
 Gregg, Victoria Vogel, Sallie Pope, Nellie Wilson, Mary 
 Campbell, Madge Campbell (Koser), Mary Droke, Lyta 
 Davis, Susie Moore (Rowan), Dolph McCain, Elizabeth 
 Nichols, Lucy Nichols, Sulu Fleeman, Bess Jane Graham 
 (Black), Margaret Stuckey (Cole), Barbara Davis 
 (Olney), Wauda Richards, Aileen Spencer, Ovid Young 
 (Barrett), Sunshine Fields (Yates), Frances Douglass, 
 Lillian Wallace (Raney), Claire Norris (Moody) and 
 Josephine Dubs (Bohart). She has initiated seventy- 
 four members. (See Arrow, Volume XXVI, pages 108- 
 111.) 
 
 (41) OKLAHOMA ALPHA, UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA, 
 Norman, Oklahoma, was organized through the efforts 
 of Mrs. Bertha Holland-Branson and Mrs. Lela Gray- 
 Clifton, of Indiana Beta, and chartered September 1, 
 
 1910. The installation was conducted by Grand Presi- 
 
EXTENSION 49 
 
 dent May Lansfield Keller, assisted by Mrs. Florence 
 Chase-Cass, of Michigan Alpha, with the following- 
 charter members : Carolyne Wynn Ledbetter, Ella 
 May Thompson, Dorothy L. Bell, Inez McMillan, Bess 
 Jane McMillan, Hallette B. Fraley, Lucile K. Bell, 
 Beatrice von Keller, M. Zoe Borrowdale, Grace Lee, Eva 
 Lee, Alice Heines, Nellie Frances Johnson, Jennie B, 
 Dyer, Ereah Rash, Nannie Lee Miller and Madge E, 
 Ackley. She has initiated seventy-five members. (See 
 Arrow, Volume XXVII, pages 23-34.) 
 
 (42) WYOMING ALPHA, UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING, 
 Laramie, Wyoming, was chartered through the influence 
 of Dr. Grace Raymond Hebard, of Iowa Zeta, on Sep- 
 tember 8, 1910. Grand President May Lansfield Keller, 
 assisted by Mary Wallihan-Gibson, of Colorado Beta, 
 Frances Dunning, Maryland Alpha, Dr. Grace R. 
 Hebard, of Iowa Zeta, and Louise Tourtellotte, of 
 Colorado Alpha, conducted the installation, with the 
 following charter members : Harriet Abbott, Evangel- 
 ine Downey, Vera Hellenback, Theresa Langheldt, Mary 
 Ben Wilson, Margaret Aber (Hoge), Miriam Doyle, 
 Merle Kissick, Edith Miller, Dorothy Worthington, Jean 
 Douglass, Ruth Greenbaum, Wilberta Knight, Maud 
 Skinner and Agnes Wright. Sixty-six members have 
 been added to Pi Beta Phi by this chapter, two of whom 
 are deceased. (For account of installation, see Arrow, 
 Volume XXVII, page 39.) 
 
 (43) ILLINOIS ETA, JAMES MILLIKIN UNIVERSITY, 
 Decatur, Illinois, was chartered March 29, 1912, being 
 organized from the local Delta Theta Psi Fraternity, 
 which was the first woman 's fraternity of James Millikin 
 
50 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 University. The installation was conducted by Grand 
 President May Lansfield Keller, with the following 
 charter members : Helen Page (Huff) , Lucy A. Curtis, 
 Norma L. Council (O'Bannow), Lois A. Browne, Marie 
 Scott (Camp), Jessie E. Patterson (O'Day), Mabel K. 
 Edmonson, Ann Stoker, Helen Keeley, Margaret Hessler, 
 Eula Mason, Virginia Bowyer, Irma Nicholson, Fannie 
 Johnson (Patch), Irene Handlin (Duerr), Lucy Pen- 
 hallegon-Montgomery, Florence Page, Esther M. Starr, 
 Grace Thrift, Olga Keek-McDavid, Margaret Gray- 
 Oliphant, Lucile Logan, Edith W. Bowyer, Lucile Hunt 
 (Petrie), Myrtle Rugh Gearin, Jessie L. Ferguson, 
 Helen A. Bishop, Katherine Troutman, Winifred D. 
 Moorehead, Katherine Holmes, Pearl Tippett (Mattes), 
 Ruth Bicknell- Walker, Blossom Field (Taylor), Edith 
 Schenck, Candace Cloyd (Johnson), Alta Witherspoon- 
 McDavid, Ruth Nicholson, Gladys Smith-McGaughey and 
 Adelaide Bingaman-Wassen. Illinois Eta's roll shows 
 eighty-one members initiated, two of whom have died. 
 (See Arrow, Volume XXVIII, pages 434-437.) 
 
 (44) WASHINGTON BETA, WASHINGTON STATE COL- 
 LEGE, Pullman, Washington, was chartered July 6, 1912. 
 The installation was conducted by Anna Lytle-Tannahill, 
 Nebraska Beta, with the following charter members : 
 Gladys McCroskey, Edna Folger, Harriet Baker, Helen 
 Roudebush, Edna Davis, Quevenne Mecklem, Zelv Meck- 
 lem, Ruth Turner, Mildred Guile, Helen Quarels, Ruth 
 Mclnnis, Lillian MacLeod, Laura Thompson, Eleanor 
 Henderson, Elizabeth Mervyn, Mildred Waters, Frances 
 Carroll, Elizabeth Yermilge, Helen Newland, Cora Holt 
 Phillips, Doris Schumaker, Margaret Thompson, Geor- 
 
* 
 
 9 
 
 46 
 
 B 
 
 i 
 
 Florida Alpha Group. 
 
 Ontario Alpha House. 
 
 Illinois Eta House. 
 
EXTENSION 51 
 
 gia Davis and Florence Westacott. Fifty-four Pi Phis 
 have been initiated into this chapter since its founding. 
 (See Arrow, Volume XXIX, page 48.) 
 
 (45) FLORIDA ALPHA, JOHN B. STETSON UNIVERSITY, 
 De Land, Florida, was chartered January 30, 1913, with 
 the following charter members : Ruth Allen, Marie 
 Dye, Fay Cribbett, Nina Phillips, Mabel Eldredge, Mar- 
 guerite Blocker, June Loel Adams, Mary Ellen Keown, 
 Lee Craig Bowers, Gladys Louise Sidway, Mildred La 
 Verne Vorce, Annie Nadine Holden, Harriet Spratt 
 Hulley, Louise Crisfield Hulley, Sarah Van Hoosen 
 Jones, Mary Landes Buttorff, Lillian Wadsworth Eld- 
 redge and Katherine Brice Carpenter. Grand President 
 May Lansfield Keller, assisted by Eloise Mayham- 
 Hulley, Pennsylvania Beta, conducted the installation. 
 She has added thirty-eight members to the long roll 
 of Pi Beta Phi. (See Arrow, Volume XXIX, page 
 422.) 
 
 (46) VIRGINIA ALPHA, RANDOLPH-MACON COLLEGE, 
 College Park, Virginia, was organized from Iota Chapter 
 of Alpha Sigma Alpha, and installed by Grand President 
 May Lansfield Keller, on May 10, 1913, with the follow- 
 ing charter members : Catherine Murphy, Marion 
 Daniel, Margaret Moffett, Ruth Curtiss, Enid Alexander, 
 Mollie Mistrot, Stella Cameron, Virginia Wood, Martha 
 Rader, Johnnie Link, Grace Link, Marion Fowlkes, and 
 Clara Williams. Thirty-seven members have been added 
 to the rolls of Pi Beta Phi by this chapter. (See Arrow, 
 Volume XXIX, pages 591-599.) 
 
 (47) MISSOURI GAMMA, DRURY COLLEGE, Springfield, 
 Missouri, was organized from the local chapter of Mu 
 
52 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 Beta Fraternity, and chartered January 9, 1914. Grand 
 Vice-President Lida Burkhard-Lardner conducted the 
 installation, which made forty-two Mu Betas members of 
 Pi Beta Phi. The following are the charter members : 
 Elizabeth C. Allen, Margaret Bishop, Lillian Boyd, Mary 
 Criss, Marie Gates, Marguerite George, Lois Hall, Carrie 
 Humphries, Mary Hopkins, Isabel Morse, Janet Mc- 
 Quiston, Nina McCanse, Charline McCanse, Ruth 
 Minard, Inez Mathes, Victoria Pease, Clara Pitt, Mar- 
 garet Pipkin, Aldine Patterson, Opal Rhamy, Lola 
 Robertson, Orpha Smith, Esther Vallette, Agatha Wat- 
 son, Ruth Wilson, Ora Walton, all active members, and 
 May Berry, Susie Dillard, Myrtle Hurt, Carolyn Harri- 
 son-Houston, Ruth Hubbell, Helen Hall, Mary Lair, 
 Marie McCanse, Yvonne McClain Morgan, Bess Rogers, 
 Dell Dumphy Reps, Hazel Smith, Statira Fisher-Sills, 
 Sarah Townsend, Ruth Thomas and Ethel Rhamy- Wag- 
 staff, alumnae members. Seventy members have been 
 added to the rolls of Pi Beta Phi by this chapter. (See 
 Arrow, Volume XXX, pages 324-332.) 
 
 (48) NEW YORK GAMMA, ST. LAWRENCE UNIVERSITY, 
 Oanton, New York, was organized from Omega Gamma 
 Sigma, a local fraternity, and chartered March 20, 1914, 
 with the following charter members : Belle Allen, 
 Helen Brainerd, Amanda Pellens, Minette Newman, 
 Mayfred Claflin, Frances Gover, Mary O'Donnell, Alice 
 McDonald, Arloine Hastings, Florence Maloney, Mary 
 Dana, Muriel Waters, Virginia Dill, Estelle Cordery, 
 Bessie Blanchard, Angela Courtright, Edna Mayo, Edith 
 Tryon, Helen Mileham, Ruth Richardson, Audrey Has- 
 tings, Mildred Pellens, Elizabeth Towne and Estelle 
 
Iowa Alpha. 
 
 Iowa Gamma. 
 
 Virginia Alpha. 
 
 
 New York Gamma. 
 
 Wyoming Alpha. 
 
 Nebraska Beta. 
 
EXTENSION 53 
 
 McVickar. The installation was conducted by Grand 
 President May Lansfield Keller. This chapter has added 
 eighty-seven members to Pi Beta Phi. (See Arrow, 
 Volume XXX, pages 543-565.) 
 
" Do you know that the old Fraternity grows higher 
 and nobler to me every year? My fraternity experience 
 grows richer and richer to me though it be dead to all 
 outward show. How the touch of time has softened even 
 the irregularities of those days into a quiet beauty." 
 SCROLL, OF PHI DELTA THETA. 
 
CHAPTER IV 
 
 INACTIVE CHAPTERS 
 
 WE, as Americans, point with justifiable pride, to our 
 free institutions and democratic society. We teach our 
 young to declaim from the Declaration of Independence 
 that ' * all men are created equal ; that they are endowed 
 by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that 
 among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happi- 
 ness. ' ' In our public schools, the rich and the poor, the 
 brilliant and the dull, sit side by side and stand shoulder 
 to shoulder, and march out as one, but it will be noticed 
 that at the school gate kindred spirits pair off, and 
 groups of congenial girls and boys fall in step to go their 
 choice of ways. The trite, homely old expression, * ' birds 
 of a feather flock together, " has never lost its signifi- 
 cance. The savage chief, whose instinct is his ruling 
 force, gathers around him the strongest men of his 
 barbaric tribe. All historians of all ages tell us of the 
 groupings of men and women with common feelings. 
 The assembling of congenial persons with the same 
 avowed ideals and hopes is as old as the mountains, and 
 when a person attempts to arraign or condemn the college 
 fraternity on the ground of exclusiveness or harmful 
 cliques, he is ignorant of the true and lasting benefits 
 coming from fraternity life, or he is paid to shepherd 
 and care alike for those under him, and he must be true 
 
 57 
 
58 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 to his interpretation of this trust, frowning upon organ- 
 ized discriminations and selected societies. To this last 
 reason, we owe the greatest struggle of our life for ex- 
 istence in the early days of our history, and because of 
 this opposition, which in many cases resulted in passing 
 anti-fraternity laws in our colleges and universities, we 
 were forced to withdraw and record as inactive the fol- 
 lowing eight chapters : 
 
 (1) ILLINOIS ALPHA, MONMOUTH COLLEGE, Monmouth, 
 Illinois, our beloved Mother Chapter, founded April 28, 
 1867, by Libbie Brook (Gaddis), Maggie Campbell, Ada 
 Bruen (Grier), Clara Brownlee (Hutchinson), Emma 
 Brownlee (Kilgore), Fannie Whitenack (Libby), Rosa 
 Moore, Ina Smith (Soule), Fannie Thompson, Jennie 
 Home (Turnbull) and Nannie Black (Wallace). This 
 chapter was known as ALPHA CHAPTER of I. C. 
 Sorosis from its birth until the Convention at Indianola 
 in 1886, when all chapters were renamed by letters of 
 the Greek alphabet with the name of the state prefixed, 
 and the Mother Chapter became Illinois Alpha. It was 
 voted that for all time, whether active or inactive, she 
 should be known by this name. Illinois Alpha was the 
 ruling chapter of the organization from 1867 to 1884, 
 with the exception of a short time between 1880 and 
 1882, when Lambda, at Simpson College, Indianola, held 
 the governing power, by a vote of the Mt. Pleasant Con- 
 vention of 1880. In 1884, by an action of the college 
 Faculty, all secret fraternities were abolished in Mon- 
 mouth College, and the Mother Chapter of Pi Beta Phi 
 ceased to exist, but her influence had spread, and the 
 strong growth of her chapters extends to-day over our 
 
INACTIVE CHAPTERS 59 
 
 country from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from the 
 Gulf of Mexico to the Arctic Ocean, while her daughters 
 and granddaughters are scattered over the whole world. 
 Illinois Alpha has seventy-two living members, and 
 the souls of thirteen have gone to their Heavenly Father. 
 
 (2) MT. PLEASANT FEMALE SEMINARY, Mt. Pleasant, 
 Iowa, was established in October, 1869, by Nancy Lee 
 Black (Wallace), of Monmouth College, and Prude 
 Kibben (Murphy), of Iowa Alpha, and was known at 
 first as Beta Chapter, and later as Delta Chapter of I. 
 C. Sorosis. Her charter members were : Nannie Fitz- 
 gerald (Wharton), Mary Crane, Elizabeth MacEllhiney, 
 Ella Wright (Mapel), Anna Wallace (Hoffman), Keo 
 Knapp (Stoddard) and Mary Wright (Peary). Owing 
 to the serious disapproval of all secret organizations on 
 the part of the Faculty this chapter surrendered its 
 charter and became inactive in 1871. Thirty-six mem- 
 bers were initiated during her short life, twelve of whom 
 are deceased. 
 
 (3) BAPTIST YOUNG LADIES' INSTITUTE, Indianapolis, 
 Indiana, was chartered in December, 1870, as Zeta 
 Chapter of I. C. Sorosis, through the influence of Louise 
 Parks (Richards), of Epsilon Chapter of I. C., then 
 Asbury University. Her charter members were Laura 
 McDonald, Laura Bingham, Belle Roach, Julia Sharpe, 
 Ethel Johnston and Louise Parks. It developed after a 
 few meetings that the Faculty wished to reverse their 
 consent to organizing a secret society in the Institute, 
 and the charter was returned before admitting any mem- 
 bers other than the six charter members. 
 
 (4) PELLA COLLEGE, Pella, Iowa, was granted a charter 
 
60 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 in 1881 through the efforts of Elizabeth DeLong, under 
 the name of Sigma of I. C. Sorosis, but owing to almost 
 immediate opposition to secret societies the charter was 
 returned and the chapter ceased to exist. There is no 
 record of the names of the charter members. 
 
 (5) JACKSONVILLE FEMALE ACADEMY, Jacksonville, 
 Illinois, was established in November, 1881, by Lizzie 
 Guthrie (Pardoe), of Illinois Alpha, with the following 
 charter members: Jane Scolfield, Mae Curry (Bell), 
 Jeannette Miller, Clara Rentschler (Hess), Nellie Bullard 
 
 (Price), Cora Rodgers (Montgomery), Ellen L. Gary 
 (Mack), Lida Dulaney, Lillian Best, Emma Ewing and 
 Belle Stilson (Hoss). This chapter was known as Phi 
 Chapter of I. C. Sorosis, but was short lived, owing to 
 Faculty opposition to secret societies, and in November, 
 1884, the six active members agreed to surrender their 
 charter. Twelve members were initiated into this chapter. 
 
 (6) WESLEY AN COLLEGE, Cincinnati, Ohio, was founded 
 by M. Annette Jones (now Mrs. George L. Walls), of 
 Kansas Alpha, on January 14, 1885, as Psi Chapter of 
 I. C. Sorosis. The charter members were : Harriet 
 Ritter, Florence McGowan, Westanna Brown, Cornelia 
 Humphrey, Esther Rhay and Thirza Burns. The charter 
 was received and the chapter fully organized when the 
 college authorities passed a resolution prohibiting secret 
 societies in the institution. The chapter, when it sur- 
 rendered its charter in 1886, had thirteen members upon 
 its rolls. In a personal letter, written at the time, it is 
 recorded that ' ' the girls were so angry and disappointed 
 that Florence McGowan and Harriet Ritter gathered the 
 charter, the constitution, the minutes and everything 
 
INACTIVE CHAPTERS 61 
 
 pertaining to the chapter and burned them in the 
 furnace." 
 
 (7) HASTINGS COLLEGE, Hastings, Nebraska, was 
 organized as Nebraska Beta, November 17, 1887, through 
 the efforts of Luella Vance (Phillips), Maud C. Harri- 
 son and Flora S. Bowman (McCloud), of York, assisted 
 by Flora Blackburn (Lamson), of York, and Lillie Selby 
 (Moor), of Iowa Zeta. The charter members were: 
 Leta Horlocker, Luella Vance (Phillips), Adeline Shedd, 
 Freda Elizabeth Wahlquist (Zacharias), but owing to 
 almost immediate opposition, the chapter failed to 
 prosper and the Convention at Galesburg in 1890 voted 
 to recall the charter. Only five members were initiated 
 after the founding in 1887, making the total membership 
 nine. 
 
 (8) OHIO GAMMA, UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, Wooster, Ohio, 
 was formed from the local society Alpha Delta Psi, and 
 chartered September 20, 1910. Grand President May 
 Lansfield Keller conducted the installation, assisted by 
 Elda Smith, of Illinois Epsilon, and Mrs. James Ewing, 
 of Maryland Alpha. The following were the charter 
 members : Grace Lenore Thurness, Helen Elizabeth 
 Colville, Florence Hilda Rodewig, Anna Clark Palmer, 
 Dorothy Martin, Helen M. Harrington, Ellen Fessenden 
 Boyer, Altha Marie Munn, Helen Marie Walker, Ruth 
 Mackintosh, Pearl Elizabeth McCrory, Georgia L. Munn, 
 Estella Grace Klein, Elsa I. Schlicht and Esther Boyer. 
 She has initiated forty-eight members. (For account of 
 installation, see Arrow, Volume XXVII, page 43. For 
 account of expulsion, see Arrow, Volume XXIX 9 page 
 419.) 
 
62 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 Charters from the following five chapters were re- 
 called because of insufficient support or unsatisfactory 
 fraternity material of Pi Phi standard: 
 
 (1) ASBURY UNIVERSITY, Greencastle, Indiana, was 
 chartered in September, 1870, as Epsilon Chapter of I. 
 C. Sorosis, through the efforts of Kate F. Preston, of 
 Mt. Pleasant, with the following charter members : 
 Ella Jones (Preston), Florence Brown (Miller), Laura 
 Beswick (McKaig), and Rose Rankin. This charter was 
 officially withdrawn in 1877; it was never a strong 
 chapter. The school atmosphere may be imagined from 
 the following quotation from a letter of one of the 
 charter members, giving a very interesting picture of 
 the ' ' co-ed 's ' ' early struggles : ' ' One of the set prayers 
 at Chapel exercises, of one of our professors, was for 
 1 the over three hundred young men and the some few 
 voung women ' " and she adds, ' ' We felt rather few 
 and unwelcome ! ' ' The records show that twelve mem- 
 bers were initiated, four of whom are dead. 
 
 (2) ILLINOIS WESLEY AN COLLEGE, Bloomington, Illi- 
 nois, was chartered February 18, 1872, as Theta Chapter 
 of I. C. Sorosis, through the work of Kate Preston, 
 Indiana Alpha (then Asbury University). All the 
 records of this chapter were destroyed, the charter being 
 withdrawn soon after it was granted. 
 
 (3) STATE INSTITUTE, Bloomington, Indiana, was 
 chartered in April, 1872, as Eta Chapter of I. C. Sorosis, 
 through the influence of Love Gregg, but there is no 
 record that the chapter thrived, and the ruling of the 
 Convention of 1885 invalidated the charter, and the 
 chapter was put on record as inactive. 
 
INACTIVE CHAPTERS 63 
 
 (4) DEARBORN SEMINARY, Chicago, Illinois, was estab- 
 lished in November, 1881, through the enthusiastic efforts 
 of Jennie Hardin (Disney) and Nettie C. Braiden (Mc- 
 Clanahan), of Monmouth College, as Rho Chapter of I. 
 C. Sorosis. The charter members were Celia Hefter, 
 Rebecca Hefter (Chapsky), Lucy S. Silke, Allie Silke 
 (Hunger), Eugenia Hegan, Mary Hegan and Julia 
 Tierney (Van Osdel). The chapter disbanded November 
 27, 1883, and the charter was returned in January, 1884. 
 The records show that nine members were taken in dur- 
 ing its two years of existence. 
 
 (5) CARTHAGE COLLEGE, Carthage, Illinois, was organ- 
 ized by Nannie Thompson (Lord), of Illinois Alpha, and 
 chartered on September 13, 1882, as Tau Chapter of I. 
 C. Sorosis. After the Convention of 1886, it became 
 Illinois Gamma. The charter members were: Mamie 
 Hooker (Doust), Kate Johnson (McClure), Julia Ferris 
 (Hubbs), Margaret Stepp (Aleshire) and Nannie 
 Thompson (Lord). In 1888, this chapter failed to com- 
 ply with the requirements of the Constitution and the 
 charter was withdrawn by a vote of the Convention. 
 Twenty-seven members were added to Pi Beta Phi 
 through the organization, five of whom are dead. 
 
 The removal, or financial failure, of the following 
 three colleges made it necessary to withdraw the 
 charters : 
 
 (1) Lambda Chapter of I. C. Sorosis was estab- 
 lished at COE COLLEGE, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, through 
 members from the Mt. Pleasant Chapter, during the 
 Autumn of 1884, with the following charter members : 
 Emma Josephine Pordyce, Carrie Fordyce, Emma 
 
64 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 Forsythe, Lavinia Forsythe, Helen Burton and Belle 
 Dusill. " It was composed of fine women and workers 
 and flourished; though, when the college failed two 
 years later, it was compelled to surrender its charter; 
 but the members held together as an alumnae chapter 
 until 1886. " Seventeen members were added to Pi Phi 
 by this charter. 
 
 (2) NEBRASKA METHODIST COLLEGE, York, Nebraska, 
 was established July 5, 1884, as Chi Chapter of I. C. 
 Sorosis, by Flora M. Housel (McDowell), of Iowa Alpha, 
 with the following seven charter members : Vinnie 
 Harrison (Cowell), Callie L. Mam (Daggy), Belle 
 Dickey (Hunter), Louise Woodruff (Jerome), Flora S. 
 Bowman (McCloud), Mary L. Baldwin (Wyckoff) and 
 Flora M. Wycoff (Cameron). This chapter flourished 
 until 1892, when the college closed its doors at York, and 
 moved to Lincoln, Nebraska, where it became the 
 Nebraska Wesleyan University. This chapter initiated 
 fifty-six members, six of whom are dead. It was a 
 prosperous and strong chapter, having sent members to 
 many states in the Union, one to Ceylon and one to 
 Japan. This chapter started, and maintained a library 
 in York for ten years, and then gave over one thousand 
 volumes to the city to become the nucleus for the city 
 library. It was with deep regret to the Fraternity that 
 it was compelled to chronicle the death of the York 
 chapter. 
 
 (3) C ALLAN AN COLLEGE, Des Moines, Iowa, was 
 granted a charter by the Indianola Convention on 
 October 21, 1886, with five charter members. Six mem- 
 bers were initiated in 1886 and three in 1887. In June, 
 
Library at York, Nebraska. 
 
INACTIVE CHAPTERS 65 
 
 1888, the college was closed and transferred its good will 
 to Drake University, which prohibited secret societies. 
 This chapter was named Iowa Lambda and added four- 
 teen members to Pi Beta Phi. 
 
 By a vote of the Lawrence Convention, in November, 
 1885, which invalidated all charters to chapters outside 
 of colleges and universities, we lost the following nine 
 chapters : 
 
 (1) CLABINDA, Iowa, Nu CHAPTER of I. C. Sorosis, 
 was organized in 1881, by Georgia Burlingham (Bell), 
 of Monmouth College, and was composed entirely of 
 young ladies of the town of Clarinda. The charter 
 members were: Kate Rickey (Marlowe), Dora Rickey, 
 Emma Cozier (Shaver), Minnie Chamberlaine (Russel), 
 Minnie Hinman (Welsh), Anna McPherrin (Frazier), 
 Alice Clement (Lundy), Laura Calhoon (McGuire), 
 Ada Calhoon (Holmes) and Emma. Tomlinson (Morris). 
 The constitution and all papers pertaining to the chapter 
 were destroyed by Emma Tomlinson and no records of 
 the initiations after the first year are to be had. Ten 
 members were initiated in 1881. 
 
 (2) BURLINGTON, Iowa, OMICRON CHAPTER of I. C. 
 Sorosis, was organized by the Mt. Pleasant Chapter 
 of I. C. in July, 1881. In 1886 thirty-eight members had 
 been initiated into the chapter, three of whom are re- 
 corded as deceased. 
 
 (3) IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, Bloomfield, Iowa, 
 was established in October, 1881, as Xi CHAPTER of 
 I. C. Sorosis, through the influence of Sadie Young 
 (Jones) and Alice Johnson (Steel), of Iowa Alpha. It 
 was Xi Chapter until 1882, then Nu Chapter until 1885, 
 
66 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 then Omega until 1886, when it went out of existence 
 through the ruling of the Convention of 1885. The 
 charter members were the following : Sude Weaver 
 (Evans), Saidee Gooding (Hathaway), Elva Plank 
 (Anderson), Delia Greenleaf (Sowers), Hattie Trimble 
 (Stanbro) and Rena Galloway (Summers). She initiated 
 seventy-nine members and has lost six by death. This 
 chapter gave us many prominent Fraternity women as 
 well as strong women scattered over the whole United 
 States. 
 
 (4) DES MOINES, Iowa, OMEGA CHAPTER of I. C. 
 Sorosis, was established in May, 1882, through the in- 
 fluence of the Mt. Pleasant active chapter, and was com- 
 posed entirely of alumnse. 
 
 (5) F AIRFIELD, Iowa, BETA OMEGA CHAPTER of I. C. 
 Sorosis, was organized October 12, 1882, by two members 
 of I. C. from Iowa Wesleyan College. In 1886 it became 
 IOWA ETA. The charter was returned in 1890. Its rolls 
 show thirty-eight members, seven of whom have died. 
 
 (6) OTTUMWA, Iowa, ZETA OMEGA CHAPTER of I. C. 
 Sorosis, was chartered August 22, 1884, with the follow- 
 ing charter members: Maud Daggett, Helen Warren, 
 Caroline Walton (Miller), Hester Warden (Fann), 
 Nettie Warden (Williams), Elizabeth Flagler, Emma 
 Harper (Jones), Kate Jackson (Craig) and Anna 
 Warden (Yarble). This chapter was composed of col- 
 lege material, but not active collegians, and therefore, 
 when the Convention of 1885 voted to confine its mem- 
 bers to college or university students, this chapter, 
 known as IOWA THETA after the renaming of the chapters 
 in 1886, was requested to surrender its charter, which it 
 
INACTIVE CHAPTERS 67 
 
 did in 1893, having been inactive since 1886. She 
 initiated sixty-eight members and has lost eleven by 
 death. 
 
 (7) MT. PLEASANT, Iowa, GAMMA OMEGA CHAPTER of 
 I. C. Sorosis, was organized in September, 1884. After 
 the Indianola Convention in 1886 it became IOWA IOTA. 
 Owing to the ruling of the Lawrence Convention it was 
 obliged to surrender its charter, and in 1893 it became 
 inactive and joined the National AlumnaB Association of 
 Pi Beta Phi. Ninety-six were admitted into membership 
 of this chapter, two of whom are dead. 
 
 (8) IOWA CITY, Iowa, DELTA OMEGA of I. C. Sorosis, 
 was established through the influence of Iowa Zeta, on 
 September 12, 1884. This was a short-lived but brilliant 
 chapter, adding eighteen members to Pi Beta Phi Fra- 
 ternity. 
 
 (9) LAWRENCE, Kansas, KAPPA OMEGA, was estab- 
 lished in 1885, but disbanded the following year. It 
 confined its members to college and university graduates. 
 
 The above twenty-five chapters were chartered and 
 were a part of the Fraternity organization. The history 
 of these silent chapters cannot be recounted by any true 
 Pi Phi without a feeling of regret and sympathy. Sev- 
 eral of them were so short-lived that the members failed 
 to grasp the feeling of fellowship and affection so dear 
 to the older fraternity woman, but the disappointment 
 that came to those others years ago are freshly felt when 
 reading the sad letters written at that time by members 
 of the disbanded chapters, recounting the heartaches and 
 tears when the charters were surrendered and the chap- 
 ters ceased to exist. 
 
68 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 When a girl has once seen the vision of that beautiful 
 sister-life of true sympathy in grief; help, and comfort 
 in distress; protection in danger; rejoicing in triumphs; 
 pleasure in victory; joy in conquest sincere sympathy 
 and sisterly love under all circumstances the memory 
 of it, for all time, must make her a better woman. 
 "We wear our Arrows near our hearts that the 
 close contact may keep the connecting current intact 
 from the rushing, demanding, worldly forces of the 
 present day. Because it stands for so much that is 
 sacred and dear to us, we always whether at home, 
 or abroad; where the world may see, or where we may 
 be alone from the world wear our Arrow upon our 
 breast, and its presence gives us inspiration and 
 strength. 
 
" We enjoy thoroughly only the pleasure that we 
 give." DUMAS. 
 
Libbie Brook-Gaddis. 
 
CHAPTER V 
 
 ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNMENT 
 
 THE Founders of Pi Beta Phi were wise and active 
 organizers. No sooner was the Mother Chapter at Mon- 
 mouth firmly established than Libbie Brook-Gaddis 
 entered Iowa Wesleyan University, and established Iowa 
 Alpha in 1868, and the next year, another Founder, 
 Nancy Lee Black- Wallace, established the chapter at Mt. 
 Pleasant in October; and in September, 1870, Kate F. 
 Preston, of Mt. Pleasant, founded the chapter at Asbury 
 University, in Greencastle. College education for women 
 was an experiment in the educational world. There 
 was no precedent for I. C. to follow among the women's 
 college societies. I. C. Sorosis was the first national 
 secret college society of women, or sorority, to be 
 modelled after the men's Greek-lettered fraternity. By 
 the nature of conditions at the time, the growth of any 
 woman's fraternity, "to be equal in every respect to 
 the strongest man 's fraternity, ' ' and confined exclusively 
 to college students, would necessarily be slow and full 
 of discouragements. On the other hand, women who 
 were graduates from good boarding-schools and semi- 
 naries and schools of the rank of our present-day high 
 schools, were begging to be given the privilege of the 
 new secret society organization. If numbers could have 
 
 71 
 
72 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 appealed to our Founders, the rolls of I. C. Sorosis might 
 have been filled with enthusiastic members, but from the 
 very first meeting at Monmouth it was their avowed 
 purpose to confine the membership to college and uni- 
 versity women. The first Convention, at Oquawka, in 
 1868, gave much thought and earnest discussion to this 
 subject, with the result that it was voted that all appli- 
 cations for charters from high schools and boarding- 
 schools should be refused. Our Founders were deter- 
 mined that their Sorosis should compare favorably with 
 any man's fraternity. Emma Brownlee-Kilgore, descri- 
 bing the Oquawka Convention, in the Historian's 
 archives, says : " Well laid plans were made of how 
 we would extend the I. C. reputation of being the first 
 woman's secret society; how we would enter other col- 
 leges ; no high schools were to be considered ; and we also 
 unanimously decided that no college fraternity among 
 the young men should be better, wiser, or stronger than 
 ours." 
 
 Our records show that in 1869 a charter was granted 
 to Mt. Pleasant Female Seminary; in 1870 to the Bap- 
 tist Young Ladies' Seminary, in Indianapolis, and in 
 1881 to the Dearborn Seminary, in Chicago, and also to 
 the Jacksonville Female Seminary, in Jacksonville, Illi- 
 nois. In each of these cases the charters were granted 
 through the enthusiastic influence of initiated I. C. 
 women who were personally interested in the institutions. 
 These charters were short-lived. 
 
 In 1881, however, with the chartering of Nu Chapter 
 of I. C., composed entirely of young ladies of the town 
 of Clarinda, Iowa, mostly school teachers and promi- 
 
ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNMENT 73 
 
 nent women of literary tastes, a precedent was estab- 
 lished in the Sorosis, which was quickly followed through 
 the state of Iowa. Omicron Chapter was chartered at 
 Burlington, in 1881 ; Beta Omega at Fairfield, in 1882 ; 
 Zeta Omega (Iowa Theta) at Ottumwa, in 1884. These 
 chapters were styled associate chapters and were com- 
 posed of women of high intellectual and social standing, 
 and consequently added strength, collectively and in- 
 dividually, to the organization. Many were graduates 
 of universities and colleges of good standing, but where 
 no secret societies existed. 
 
 While these charters were granted by the proper 
 officials of the Fraternity and were properly issued, 
 there was no constitutional provision for them, and it 
 was in violation of the fundamental idea of our 
 Founders. 
 
 Kappa Alpha Theta and Kappa Kappa Gama, our two 
 strongest rivals at that time, were initiating preparatory 
 students, and the men 's fraternities maintained associate 
 chapters. Our enthusiastic officials, through too liberal 
 interpretation, and fired with over zeal, made the false 
 step which caused much feeling and long hours of dis- 
 cussions in Conventions which followed, until the Con- 
 vention of November, 1885, at Lawrence, Kansas, when 
 by a vote of the Convention, all chapters not connected 
 with an accredited institution of learning or not coming 
 up to the college standard were withdrawn from active 
 life. This devotion to the high ideals, greatest good and 
 best interests of the Fraternity, was forcibly exemplified 
 at this time, when members voted themselves l ' inactive ' ' 
 and went home to grieve over their loss of active life 
 
74 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 in the Fraternity. This ruling closed the active lives of 
 nine chapters of Pi Beta Phi Fraternity, but it put us 
 on the high plane held up to us as a standard by our 
 wise Founders and the strong, progressive women of the 
 organization. 
 
 Since 1885, we have vigorously maintained this high 
 standard among our sister fraternities. We have worked 
 unflaggingly for our avowed ideals, and for stronger 
 womanhood and advancement all along the lines of 
 human progress. We have aimed to make Pi Beta Phi a 
 synonym for honor, virtue and sterling worth. With 
 the above short-lived exceptions, we have worked to make 
 our organization what our Founders wished, " equal, in 
 every respect, to the strongest men's f raternity. ' ' 
 
 MONMOUTH, which was ALPHA CHAPTER, and later 
 Illinois Alpha, our Mother Chapter, claimed and held 
 the final decision in all matters pertaining to the Fra- 
 ternity from 1867 until 1880. The legislative body 
 consisted of a delegate from each chapter. The names 
 first applied to the Grand Officers were Right Royal 
 Lady (president), Sub Royal Lady (vice-president), 
 Quaestor (treasurer), and Scribe (secretary). Monmouth 
 College furnished all the officers of Grand Alphas, or 
 conventions, in 1868, 1870, 1872 and 1881. All matters 
 of Fraternity discipline and government were held sub- 
 ject to her decision, which was final. 
 
 The names ALPHA GRAND and GRAND ALPHA should 
 not be confused. GRAND ALPHA was the name given to 
 the general conventions until 1895, while ALPHA GRAND 
 was the name of the chapter which held supreme power 
 during the interim of Grand Alphas, or conventions. In 
 

ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNMENT 75 
 
 August, 1895, it was voted that the term Grand Alpha 
 be dropped, and that of Convention be substituted. 
 
 In 1870, we had three active chapters when the Con- 
 vention at Mt. Pleasant was called, and the first dis- 
 cussion entered the ranks of I. C. Sorosis as to broaden- 
 ing the methods of government. The conditions at 
 Monmouth were rapidly changing; the anti-fraternity 
 spirit had developed into an anti-fraternity war, among 
 students and Faculty alike. This Convention adjourned, 
 however, without making a change in the mode of govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Heretofore, the convention officers of president and 
 secretary elected at the time of meeting for duty at that 
 session, had been chosen from Alpha Grand (Monmouth), 
 but in 1878, at the Indianola Convention, conditions had 
 reached such a stage at Monmouth, that a change in 
 government seemed inevitable, and the officers were 
 elected from Iowa Beta, at Simpson College. This action 
 paved the way for later legislation. 
 
 Two years later, in 1880, at a second Mt. Pleasant 
 Convention, Monmouth, refusing to acknowledge the 
 right of any other body to call a convention, owing to her 
 keen opposition to surrendering her claimed inherent 
 right to supreme authority, (though there was nothing 
 in the Constitution to that effect), failed to send a dele- 
 gate to represent her in convention. At this time, the 
 Convention formally voted to transfer the right to 
 supreme power, assumed by Monmouth since the birth 
 of the Fraternity, * ' to the strongest and most prosperous 
 chapter," which, by a vote of the delegates, was given to 
 LAMBDA CHAPTER, at Simpson College, and each chapter 
 
76 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 was given three delegates in convention, instead of one as 
 heretofore. 
 
 The names applied to the officers were changed at this 
 Convention to Illustra Regina, Regina Secunda, Treas- 
 urer, Scribe, Censor and Corresponding Scribe. These 
 names applied to the chapter officers as well as to the 
 convention officers. 
 
 This Mt. Pleasant Convention of 1880 marked a crisis 
 in the early history of the life of I. C. Sorosis. The 
 business of the Convention was conducted with great 
 deliberation, seriousness and regret. It acknowledged 
 the waning strength of the Mother Chapter that gave 
 us life and existence. 
 
 Two years later, however, in 1882, after many efforts 
 made with the hope that the united support of all the 
 I. C. chapters, rallying to the Mother Chapter's dying 
 effort, might bring about better feeling and peaceable 
 adjustment and finally win a victory over the anti- 
 fraternity enemy, supreme authority was returned to 
 Monmouth, and the loyal support of all her members 
 gave her renewed courage to battle for her life. But the 
 opposition had grown too strong; the last two years of 
 her life were years of bitter struggle and disappointment, 
 and the final action came in 1884, when by a vote of the 
 Monmouth College authorities, all fraternities and secret 
 societies were forbidden, and the I. C. members scattered 
 to the four winds. 
 
 The Mt. Pleasant Chapter, at Iowa Wesleyan Uni- 
 versity, now Iowa Alpha, succeeded the Mother Chapter 
 in holding the reins of supreme power, and was GRAND 
 ALPHA until January, 1885. 
 
ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNMENT 77 
 
 The principal mission of each Convention, outside of 
 routine business of all conventions, had been confined 
 to receiving chapter reports and making plans for exten- 
 sion of chapters and minor reforms. Nothing of great 
 or special importance had been enacted. 
 
 In November, 1884, at the Convention held at Iowa 
 City, the election of general officers resulted in making 
 Nell Custer-Swisher, of Iowa City, Grand President, 
 Emma Livingston-Wing, of Galesburg, Grand Secretary, 
 and Clara Poehler-Smithmeyer, Grand Treasurer, and 
 these names stand out prominently in our Fraternity's 
 history at this time for zeal, wisdom and devotion to the 
 interests of I. C. Sorosis. 
 
 At this Convention at Iowa City, in 1884, the " Plans 
 for Organization " presented by Cora Panabaker, of 
 Iowa Alpha, at the Mt. Pleasant Convention in 1882, were 
 adopted. In addition to the general organization, with 
 Grand Alpha at the head, there were wise and radical 
 changes. Provisions were made for placing the govern- 
 ing power, during the interim of conventions or Grand 
 Alphas, in the hands of a council of grand officers, to be 
 selected by convention delegates from the different chap- 
 ters; also provisions were made for state organizations, 
 having at the head of each organization one chapter, to 
 be called Alpha Secunda of that state. Alpha Secunda 
 was given power to grant charters and to call state 
 conventions within its own state. The General Conven- 
 tion, or Grand Alpha, decided which chapter should be 
 Alpha Secunda. Only Alpha Grand had power to call 
 conventions (Grand Alphas). It was the duty of Alpha 
 Grand to keep a register of all members, to issue a 
 
78 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 catalogue, when practicable, to manage the finances of 
 the Fraternity, and it was given authority to publish a 
 Fraternity magazine in the interest of all the Fraternity. 
 These changes went into effect on January 1, 1885. This 
 Convention of 1884 elected the first grand officers to 
 serve during the interim of conventions, and these officers 
 were elected from the different chapters, and not confined 
 to Alpha Grand or any one chapter as heretofore. These 
 officers consisted of Grand Illustra Regina (G. I. R.), 
 Grand Illustra Secunda (G. I. S.), Grand Quaestor and 
 Grand Scribe. 
 
 The government was now vested in a biennial con- 
 vention, composed of one delegate from each active chap- 
 ter, and during the interim of conventions, in a Grand 
 Council, as at the present time. 
 
 These changes marked a long stride toward placing 
 the organization on a sounder and more logical working 
 basis. The whole Fraternity pulled together as one and 
 the enthusiastic records of those days show the wonderful 
 spirit of union and sympathy, of charming sisterly love 
 and devotion to each other and the ideals and interests 
 of I. C. 
 
 It seemed wise and necessary to hold another con- 
 vention the following year, and again the Fraternity 
 showed herself far beyond the experimental age of ex- 
 istence. This Convention was held in Lawrence, Kansas, 
 in November, 1885, and marks the greatest event in the 
 I. C. Sorosis. At this Convention, it was voted " that no 
 chapter shall exist unless situated in a university or 
 college. " At this Convention also, our Greek motto, Pi 
 Beta Phi, in the Greek lettering, was voted put on the 
 
ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNMENT 79 
 
 Arrow, our badge. The Convention was a short one, and 
 all other business was overshadowed by the importance 
 of these two acts of legislation. 
 
 In 1886 was held the regular biennial convention at 
 Indianola, Iowa. These were days of great activity, un- 
 feigned loyalty and devotion for our Fraternity. In 
 fact, all fraternities were mustering their forces to fight 
 for their existence, for a sentiment against secret orders 
 swept the country, and especially the institutions of 
 learning. 
 
 It is impossible to recount the happenings of this 
 critical time without mentioning the untiring efforts of 
 such strong characters as Mrs. Rainie Adamson-Small, of 
 Illinois Beta, (Lombard), Grand President from 1885 
 to 1890, Elva Plank, of Iowa Epsilon, Bloomfield, 
 Grand Vice-President, and Mrs. Belle ReQua-Leech, of 
 Mt. Pleasant, the indefatigable Grand Secretary. Their 
 labors at a critical time in the life of the Fraternity 
 should never be forgotten, and their example should be 
 an inspiration for the younger women to emulate. 
 
 For a number of years the changing of the name 
 of I. C. Sorosis to the Greek Pi Beta Phi Fraternity 
 had been under discussion in conventions, but not until 
 the Ottumwa Convention in October, 1888, was the senti- 
 ment in favor of this change strong enough to carry the 
 question. ' ' Whatever may have been the theories of our 
 Founders in regard to the Greek feature of our sister- 
 hood, there had come to be a very strong conviction 
 in the minds of the majority of the members pres- 
 ent that it should no longer be sub rose." By a mo- 
 tion made by Mira Troth, of Iowa Kappa, Iowa City, 
 
80 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 and seconded by Minnie K. Newby-Rieketts, of Michigan 
 Beta, and a unanimous vote of the Convention, the old 
 I. C. Sorosis, dear to the hearts of hundreds of loyal and 
 devoted followers, stepped into the Greek world as Pi 
 Beta Phi, but under the same badge, the Arrow, the 
 same Constitution, the same motto, and the same ritual 
 and workings. The Greek IIB<I> had exchanged places 
 with the Latin I. C., taking its place upon our pin, while 
 I. C. had become the symbol for our secret motto. ' ' The 
 vote to change the name from I. C. to Pi Beta Phi was 
 the result of years of agitation, so tenaciously did some 
 of the older members cling to the original name, feeling 
 that with the name went some of the dearest memo- 
 ries." 
 
 " In accordance with a decision of this Convention of 
 1888, Pi Beta Phi Fraternity was incorporated as a 
 national organization by an act of the Legislature of the 
 State of Illinois, passed October 14, 1889," giving us a 
 legal status not previously enjoyed. 
 
 When Grand Alpha, or the General Convention, was 
 called to order in April, 1890, at Galesburg, Illinois, 
 nineteen chapters were on the rolls of Pi Beta Phi Fra- 
 ternity, representing chapters in nine states, and with 
 the establishment of Vermont Alpha, in December, 1893, 
 Pi Beta Phi swayed an influence in the Pan-Hellenic 
 world from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from the 
 Canadian border to the Gulf of Mexico. She had become 
 national in fact as well as in name. To the Grand Officers 
 were added Guide and Historian, and the names of all 
 officers were changed to the familiar ones of to-day, 
 
ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNMENT 81 
 
 grand president, grand vice-president, grand secretary 
 and grand treasurer. The Grand Council was composed 
 of all the Grand Officers except Historian. A province 
 organization was effected, and quickly initiated valuable 
 work for the betterment of the national organization 
 and government of the Fraternity. The United States 
 was divided into four provinces, Alpha, Beta, Gamma 
 and Delta, to which were divided and assigned the 
 active chapters, reporting through an elected secretary. 
 A province president had general supervision over the 
 chapters within her jurisdiction or province. The legis- 
 lative and supreme power were vested in a biennial con- 
 vention. It was voted, however, " that important ques- 
 tions, that demand immediate decision, might receive 
 attention, during the interim of convention, through 
 the Grand Council, composed of the president, vice- 
 president, secretary, treasurer and guide, who were given 
 power to act, which acts would be ratified by the follow- 
 ing convention." 
 
 The Convention was composed of the Grand Council, 
 province presidents, one delegate from each chapter, the 
 Historian, the Fraternity Cataloguer, one delegate from 
 the Alumnge Department, such delegate to be the Arrow 
 editor, when possible, and such other members as the 
 Fraternity might decide. Pi Beta Phi had now blos- 
 somed into full womanhood, and the result of her 
 maturity was forcibly shown by the number of new 
 chapters which came into existence, by the material 
 enlargement of the Fraternity magazine, the Arrow, 
 with its broader thought and weightier reading matter, 
 and by the large number of intellectually strong women 
 
82 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 who rose in her ranks and stood out as leaders in thought 
 and reform. We are proud of these women to-day, many 
 of whom have won international fame. 
 
 In 1892, it was found necessary to refer matters of 
 extension to an Extension Committee, serving from con- 
 vention to convention, and the following year a Literary 
 Bureau was established for disseminating and elucidating 
 important matters of the Fraternity, and representa- 
 tives from these committees were allowed votes in con- 
 vention. 
 
 In 1893, when the whole country was interested in 
 celebrating the anniversary of the discovery of America, 
 and the World 's Columbian Exposition was held in 
 Chicago, July 17 to 22 was designated as Fraternity 
 Week upon the World's Fair Calendar. Many fraterni- 
 ties held conventions and reunions. A second meeting 
 of the Woman's Pan-Hellenic Congress convened on July 
 20, at the Art Institute, Chicago, where Pi Beta Phi was 
 represented by Mrs. Gertrude Boughton-Blackwelder, of 
 Kansas Alpha, with a paper on " Ethics of Fraternity," 
 which was widely quoted and reprinted in full by sev- 
 eral of the fraternity magazines. In the evening of July 
 20 a Pan-Hellenic reception was held in the New York 
 State Building. Pi Beta Phi had the largest representa- 
 tion at this time of any woman's fraternity, including 
 among those present many of her best known mem- 
 bers. 
 
 The one monumental result of the Convention of 
 1893 in Chicago was the organization of the National 
 Alumna? Association. This was the result of that strong- 
 willed, indefatigable worker and wise and far-seeing 
 
ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNMENT 83 
 
 organizer, Emma Harper Turner, and to her is due all 
 the praise and thanks of the Fraternity for this strong 
 bulwark of our national power. The Alumnae Asso- 
 ciation elected its own officers from 1893 until 1901, 
 when the Grand Vice-President became president of the 
 Alumnae Association, and one half -day of each general 
 convention was voted to be given to alumnae matters. 
 
 In 1895 the Boston Convention authorized province 
 reunions, or conventions, to be held in the years be- 
 tween general conventions, and in 1899, at the Boulder 
 Convention, it was voted to elect a travelling delegate 
 who should visit every chapter on the active list of the 
 Fraternity during the interim of conventions. This 
 delegate was to be the Grand President when possible, 
 but when not possible the Grand Council had power to 
 appoint a travelling delegate. This ruling holds good 
 to-day. 
 
 At this time the office of Guide was supplanted on 
 the Grand Council by that of Arrow Editor, and the 
 former became purely a convention officer, appointed by 
 the Grand President from the chapter nearest the next 
 convention site. 
 
 At the Syracuse Convention, in July, 1901, the 
 National Alumnaa Association became a part of the 
 National Fraternity organization, and the duties of the 
 Grand Vice-President were made to include those of 
 secretary of the Alumnae Association, and she was made 
 the head of the Alumnae Department, with a salary. 
 She was nominated by the alumnae at their session in the 
 general convention and elected by the general conven- 
 tion's vote. Each chapter vice-president also became 
 
84 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 chapter secretary to the Alumnae Department and was 
 intrusted with definite duties. 
 
 It was at this Convention at Syracuse, in 1901, that 
 the name of the General Convention of Pi Beta Phi was 
 changed to the National Biennial Convention. 
 
 To prevent the improper use of the badge, in 1901 
 Pi Beta Phi made adequate provision for the purchase 
 of Fraternity badges, in the case of the death of her 
 members, when the badge is not buried with the owner, 
 and all Pi Phis are forbidden to sell, give or loan her 
 Tmdge to any person not a Pi Phi. This was augmented 
 in 1914 by the appointment of a Custodian of the Pin. 
 
 Annual efficiency reports, through the province presi- 
 dents, with annual examinations of all active members 
 upon the Constitution, Statutes, history, policy and on 
 parliamentary law, have become an important factor in 
 the education of our members in the responsibilities and 
 duties of Pi Phis, and province vice-presidents, with 
 jurisdiction over territory the same as the province 
 presidents, develop and manage the alumnae interests 
 .and business of its members. 
 
 At the reorganization and redistricting of the provinces 
 in 1912, the country was divided into six provinces, with 
 .six province presidents over the active chapters and six 
 province vice-presidents over the alumnae, and in June, 
 1913, to this supervision was added the Chapter Advi- 
 sory Committee, which is composed of five (5) members 
 from the nearest alumnae club, three of the members be- 
 ing elected by the active chapter and two by the alumnae 
 club, " whose duties shall be to cooperate with the 
 province presidents and active chapters in supervising 
 
ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNMENT 85 
 
 (1) scholarship, (2) house management, (3) general 
 social conditions and (4) Pan-Hellenic situations." 
 
 The Fraternity believes, with Florence Porter Robin- 
 son, that " the real strength of a fraternity is in the 
 strength of its individual chapters." 
 
" The only way to have a friend is to be one.' 9 
 EMERSON. 
 
CHAPTER VI 
 
 NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 
 
 FIRST GRAND ALPHA, or Convention, was held in Au- 
 gust, 1868, at the home of Fannie Thompson, in 
 Oquawka, Illinois. There are no minutes, or record of 
 this meeting, save the memory of the living Founders. 
 In the July, 1898, Arrow, Emma Brownlee (Kilgore) 
 has told us that " In the summer of 1868, the Mon- 
 mouth I. C.'s came to our house in Little York to visit 
 Jennie Nicol and the Brownlee sisters. From there we 
 went to Fannie Thompson's, at Oquawka, and were met 
 by Ada Bruen (Graham) and Libbie Brook (Gaddis). 
 We Founders have always felt that this was our first 
 .convention. Every member was present except Rosa 
 Moore (who was in New York). The Convention lasted 
 three days and was occupied in outlining the policy and 
 aims of the organization, laying plans for new chapters 
 .and the growth of I. C. Sorosis. It was voted to confine 
 membership to college women only." Emma Brownlee 
 (Kilgore) was elected president, Nannie Black (Wal- 
 lace) secretary, and Maggie Campbell treasurer. (See 
 Arrow, April, 1908.) 
 
 Second Grand Alpha, or Convention, was held in 1870 
 at Mt. Pleasant, Libbie Brook (Gaddis) presiding. 
 Three chapters were active and represented; namely, 
 Monmouth College, (2) Iowa Wesleyan University 
 89 
 
90 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 and (3) Mt. Pleasant Female Seminary. Constitution 
 amendments and extension were the principal business 
 transacted. As a result of this meeting the new chap- 
 ter at Asbury University, Greencastle, Indiana, was 
 organized by Kate F. Preston and chartered the follow- 
 ing September. 
 
 Third Grand Alpha, or Convention, Greencastle, In- 
 diana, in June, 1872. Louise Carrithers (Morrison), of 
 Monmouth, was chosen president, and Mary Sterritt, 
 secretary, of the Convention. Louise Carrithers was 
 elected Grand President and Emma Madden Grand Sec- 
 retary of the Sorosis. Five chapters, (1) Monmouth, 
 (2) Iowa Wesleyan, (3) Asbury, (4) Illinois Wes- 
 leyan, (5) State Institute, Bloomington, Ind., were ac- 
 tive, Mt. Pleasant Female Seminary and the Baptist 
 Young Ladies' Seminary having become inactive the 
 previous year through opposition to secret societies on 
 the part of the school authorities. Three of the five 
 active chapters sent delegates to this Convention. Ex- 
 pansion was the principal topic under discussion, and 
 when the question " In what grade of schools shall 
 chapters be established? " was put before the Conven- 
 tion, it was answered by the vote " to establish no chap- 
 ters in schools not properly called a college/* 
 
 The social side of convention included a reception with 
 one hundred and fifty guests, and a banquet. 
 
 Fourth Grand Alpha, or Convention, at Indianola, 
 Iowa, in 1878. Emma Patton (Noble), of Iowa Beta, 
 presided. Seven chapters were now active, (1) Mon- 
 mouth, (2) Iowa "Wesleyan University, (3) State Insti- 
 tute, Bloomington, (4) Lombard, (5) Kansas Univer- 
 
NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 91 
 
 sity, (6) Simpson and (7) Iowa Agricultural College, 
 but owing to a misunderstanding, only three chapters 
 (Monmouth, Mt. Pleasant and Simpson) were repre- 
 sented, which failed to make a quorum, and while im- 
 portant legislation was discussed and changes in the 
 Constitution recommended, no permanent benefit was 
 derived from the Convention. A reception and banquet, 
 at which Emma Patton was toastmistress, attended by 
 over a hundred guests, was one of the social features of 
 the Convention. 
 
 Fifth Grand Alpha, or Convention, was held at Mt. 
 Pleasant, Iowa, on October 27, 28 and 29, 1880. Lillie 
 Cooper (Weber), of Monmouth, was chosen presiding 
 officer, and lola Hoover (Loftin) and Laura Light 
 (Vance), both of Monmouth, were chosen secretaries, 
 Miss Hoover acting as secretary at the opening session 
 only. The following represented their chapters: 
 Elma Williams, from Lombard, Mary Dashiell (Spauld- 
 ing), from Simpson; Sophie Timmerman, from Iowa 
 Wesleyan, Mary McDonald (Kappa), from Ames; and 
 Belle ReQua-Leech, of Mt. Pleasant, in place of Florence 
 Andrews-Palm, who was unavoidably absent. Mon- 
 mouth and Kansas State University were not repre- 
 sented; the latter sent greetings and regrets. The 
 greater part of this session was given to Constitution re- 
 vision. A complete and careful revision, as worked out 
 at the Indianola Convention and added to at this meet- 
 ing, was adopted at the last session. The Lombard 
 Chapter was directed ' ' to work up an interest in regard 
 to an I. C. catalogue. " The names of the general of- 
 ficers were changed to Illustra Regina, Regina Secunda, 
 
92 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 scribe, treasurer, censors and corresponding scribes. 
 The waning power and strength of Monmouth, the 
 Mother Chapter, was shown in the Convention by her 
 failure to have a delegate present, and the legislation 
 " that we transfer the power of Alpha Chapter to some 
 other chapter, more prosperous, and therefore more fit- 
 ting to perform those duties. ' ' The vote stood : 
 Simpson 7, Mt. Pleasant 3, Lombard 2, and Lambda 
 Chapter, at Simpson College, Indianola, was declared 
 Alpha Grand, or the ruling chapter, with final decision 
 in Fraternity matters. It was voted to give all active 
 chapters in good standing three delegates each with a 
 vote in convention. 
 
 Sixth Grand Alpha, or Convention, was held in the 
 lecture-room of the First M. E. Church, Burlington, 
 Iowa, October 11, 12 and 13, 1882. Nine chapters were 
 represented by delegates and one chapter by a proxy. 
 The chapters were represented by the following: (1) 
 Burlington, Iowa, by Minnie Burt, (2) Iowa City by 
 Ella Ham (Robinson), (3) Monmouth by Jessie Buck- 
 ner, (4) Mt. Pleasant by Flora Housel (McDowell), 
 (5) Lawrence by Jennie Sutliff, (6) Indianola by Anna 
 Emerson, (7) Ames by Sarah Smithe (McDonald), (8) 
 Galesburg, Lombard, Izah Parker, (9) Chicago, Allie 
 Silke, and (10) Jacksonville, 111., Jessie Buckner 
 (proxy). Clara McCann (Ewing), the delegate of 
 Bloomfield, Iowa, was absent, and the chapter was rep- 
 resented by Alice Johnson. Cora Panabaker, of Mt. 
 Pleasant, was chosen president, and Celia Hefter, of the 
 Chicago Chapter, recording secretary of the Convention. 
 Alpha Secundas, or state conventions, were authorized, 
 
NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 93 
 
 with power to grant charters within the state. A com- 
 mittee composed of Izah Parker, Galesburg, Flora 
 Housel, Mt. Pleasant, Jessie Buckner, Monmouth, and 
 Sarah Smithe, Ames, were appointed to revise the form 
 of initiation. Voted, " that the Constitution shall be 
 read at each initiation; " that the secret meaning of 
 I. C. " shall never be written or spoken aloud; " voted, 
 that general conventions be ' ' once in two years ; ' ' that 
 " we adopt dregs of wine and light blue " as the Fra- 
 ternity 's colors ; ' ' that the power of obtaining and dis- 
 tributing pins be vested in Gamma Chapter at Mt. 
 Pleasant.'* At the first session a " Plan for Organiza- 
 tion " was presented by Cora Panabaker, of Mt. Pleas- 
 ant, which was taken up article by article and voted 
 upon, and final decision upon the whole left for the next 
 Convention. Voted, that Alpha Chapter (Monmouth) 
 be Grand Alpha Chapter; that Lombard be Alpha Se- 
 cunda of Illinois, Lawrence Chapter, of Kansas, Mt. 
 Pleasant Chapter, of Iowa. Greek Motto " Pi Beta 
 Phi " adopted. 
 
 Seventh Grand Alpha, or Convention, was held in the 
 parlors of the First M. E. Church, Iowa City, Iowa, on 
 November 19, 20 and 21, 1884. Nell Custer (Swisher), 
 of Iowa City, was elected presiding officer, and Elva 
 Plank, of Bloomfield, secretary. The following were 
 the delegates representing their chapters in this Con- 
 vention: Mary Dillon (Miller) and Jean Oliver 
 (Humphrey), (1) Lawrence; Emma Livingston 
 (Wing) and Jennie Conger, (2) Lombard; Kay Spen- 
 cer, (3) Burlington; Mary Hooker (Doust), (4) 
 Carthage; Martha Greenleaf (MacNab) and Elva 
 
94 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 Plank, (5) Bloomfield; Emma White (Shellenberger), 
 Libbie Evans (Cravens) and Estella Walter-Ball, (6) 
 Iowa City; Flora Slusser and Anna McLaughlin (Bux- 
 ton), (7) Indianola; Anna Saunders (McArthur), (8) 
 Mt. Pleasant, and Addie Rice (Hainer), (9) Ames. 
 Revised Constitution was accepted, to go into effect 
 January 1, 1885; general officers elected at Convention 
 to serve during interim of conventions, Alpha Chapter, 
 or Alpha Grand, having ceased to exist as a result of 
 Faculty ruling at Monmouth; Lawrence requested and 
 was granted a charter for Wesleyan College, Cincin- 
 nati, Ohio; committee appointed to publish quarterly 
 Fraternity magazine ; arrangements made for a conven- 
 tion fund whereby delegates might be present from all 
 chapters; " the system of government was changed, 
 the power hereafter being in the hands of a council of 
 Grand Officers " elected by the delegates at Convention 
 from different chapters. The first election of these of- 
 ficers resulted in making Nell Custer (S wisher), Iowa 
 Zeta, Grand Illustra Regina, Emma Livingston (Wing), 
 Illinois Beta, Grand Scribe, Jean Oliver (Humphrey), 
 Kansas Alpha, Grand Quaestor. (See Arrow, May, 
 1885.) 
 
 Eighth Grand Alpha met in the rooms of the Art 
 League, Lawrence, Kansas, on November 25, 26 and 27, 
 1885. In the absence of G. I. R. Nell Custer, Eiva 
 Plank, of Bloomfield, was elected to the chair. Roll 
 call showed the following: (1) Indianola, Ethel Law 
 (Turney) ; (2) Lawrence (alumnae), Caroline Beau- 
 man-Spangler ; (3) Lawrence K. S. U., Sue Miles (Kin- 
 sey) ; (4) Iowa City Alumnae, Mira Troth; (5) Iowa 
 
NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 95 
 
 City, I. S. U., Lillian Lewis; (6) Ottumwa (associate), 
 Lizzie Flagler; (7) Carthage, Julia Ferris (Hubbs) ; 
 (8) Denver, Mary Carpenter (Sadtler) ; (9) Mt. 
 Pleasant, Lulu Ambler (Officer) ; (10) Mt. Pleasant 
 (alumnae), Jo Gassner (Gardner) ; (11) Fairfield, 
 Mrs. W. C. Ball; (12) Bloomfield, Florence Hill (Fire- 
 stone) ; (13) Galesburg, Lombard, Rainie Adamson 
 (Small) ; (14) Knox, Carrie McMurtrie (Conyers) ; 
 (15) Burlington, Cora Widick (Lang) ; (16) York, 
 Vinnie Harrison (Cowell). Voted, " that no chapter 
 shall exist unless situated in a university or college; " 
 " that after next year conventions shall be called only 
 once in two years; " " that the Greek motto Pi Beta 
 Phi be put on the title page of the Arrow." The elec- 
 tion of grand officers resulted as follows: G. I. R., 
 Rainie Adamson (Small), of Lombard University; G. 
 R. S., Elva Plank, of Bloomfield, Iowa; G. S., Belle 
 ReQua-Leech, of Mt. Pleasant; G. Q., Julia Ferris 
 (Hubbs), of Carthage. 
 
 About seventy-five I. C.'s were present at this Con- 
 vention, and the social activities included invitations 
 from Beta Theta Pi, also Phi Psi, a "cookie shine/' and 
 serenades. (See Arrow, February, 1886.) 
 
 Ninth Grand Alpha was held in the Delta Tau Delta 
 Hall, at Indianola, Iowa, October 19, 20 and 21, 1886, 
 G. I. R. Rainie Adamson-Small presiding. Present, the 
 following delegates: (1) Kansas State University, 
 Clara Poehler (Smithmyer) ; (2) Iowa Wesleyan Uni- 
 versity, Flora Housal (McDowell) ; (3) Lawrence Alum- 
 nae, Laura Lyon; (4) Simpson, Leota Kennedy; (5) 
 Ames, Olive Wilson (Curtiss) ; (6) Iowa City Alumnae, 
 
96 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 Belle Hudson (Cartwright) ; (7) Bloomfield, Fannie 
 Thompson (Wickham) ; (8) Lombard, Ella Grubb 
 (Simmons) ; (9) Knox, Maude Smith (Boydstun) ; 
 (10) Boulder, Carrie Dorr (Elliott) ; (11) Iowa City, 
 Minnie Ely (Farr) ; (12) York, Mrs. Helen Harrison; 
 (13) Ottumwa, Mrs. Lizzie Warden; (14) Des Moines, 
 Mrs. Martha Wilson. Voted, " that we adopt Roberts' 
 Rules of Order; " " the Arrow representative be al- 
 lowed the same privileges and rights as the other dele- 
 gates; " " to name chapters by the letters of the Greek 
 alphabet and by states, as Iowa Alpha, Iowa Beta, 
 etc. ; ' ' 1 1 that we do not organize any more alumnae 
 chapters; " " that all alumnae (and associate) chapters 
 founded before October 20, 1886, shall be allowed to 
 exist, but that they confine themselves, when taking new 
 members, to graduates of colleges and high schools; " 
 " that the subscription of the Arrow be limited to one 
 dollar; " li that power of granting charters be vested 
 in the three grand officers, G. I. R., G. R. S. and G. S." 
 Election of officers resulted in making : G. I. R., 
 Rainie Adamson-Small, of Lombard College; G. R. S., 
 Elva Plank, of Bloomfield; G. S., Belle ReQua-Leech, 
 of Mt. Pleasant; G. Q., Lizzie Flagler, of Ottumwa. 
 
 Greetings were received from Kappa Kappa Gamma, 
 from Phi Delta Theta, in general convention in New 
 York, flowers from Phi Kappa Psi, "an elegant recep- 
 tion at the home of Miss Ethel Law," and a banquet at 
 the home of Anna McLaughlin. (See Arrow, December, 
 1886.) 
 
 Tenth Grand Alpha met in the Ottumwa Chapter Hall, 
 Ottumwa, Iowa, October 16, 17 and 18, 1888, G. I. R. 
 
NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 97 
 
 Kainie Adamson-Small presiding. The following nine- 
 teen chapters were represented : Illinois Beta at Lom- 
 bard, Illinois Delta at Knox, Iowa Alpha at Iowa Wes- 
 leyan University, Iowa Beta at Simpson, Iowa Gamma 
 at Ames, Iowa Delta at Burlington, Iowa Epsilon at 
 Bloomfield, Iowa Zeta at Iowa State University, Iowa 
 Eta at Fairfield, Iowa Theta at Ottumwa, Iowa Iota at 
 Mt. Pleasant, Iowa Kappa at Iowa City, Kansas Alpha 
 at Lawrence, Colorado Alpha at Boulder, Colorado Beta 
 at Denver, Michigan Alpha at Hillsdale College, Michi- 
 gan Beta at Ann Arbor, Indiana Alpha at Franklin, and 
 Nebraska Alpha at York. Voted, " that the name of 
 this organization be changed, and that the organization 
 be hereafter known as Pi Beta Phi ; " " that the letters 
 I. C. hereafter stand for our present motto; " " that Pi 
 Beta Phi take the place of I. C. on our pin ; " " that our 
 present G. R. S.,Emma Harper Turner and Sude Weaver 
 (Evans) act as a committee of three to incorporate our 
 Pi Beta Phi as a national organization." After a two- 
 session committee-of-the-whole discussion of the Consti- 
 tution, upon vote, a committee of three (Indiana Alpha, 
 Iowa Alpha and Iowa Zeta) was appointed to incorpor- 
 ate the revisions and amendments of the Constitution as 
 recommended during the interim of convention, and re- 
 port at the next regular convention. The election of offi- 
 cers resulted as follows : G. I. R., Rainie Adamson- 
 Small, Illinois Beta; G. R. S., Emma Harper Turner, 
 Indiana Alpha; G. S., Lizzie Flagler, Iowa Theta; G. 
 Q., Elva Plank, of Bloomfield. This Convention ad- 
 journed at 2 o'clock A. M. It stands on record as being 
 the most spirited convention in the history of the Fra- 
 
98 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 ternity, and the harmonious way in which most matters 
 were settled was due to the business ability and untiring 
 zeal of Grand President Rainie Small, which was re- 
 flected in the enthusiasm of every delegate. 
 
 A grand ball in Armory Hall, attended by ninety Pi 
 Phis and an equal number of guests, ended the festivi- 
 ties of the Tenth Grand Alpha. (See Arrow, December, 
 1888.) 
 
 Eleventh Grand Alpha was held in the Phi Gamma 
 Delta Hall, Galesburg, Illinois, on April 1, 2, 3 and 4, 
 1890. In the absence of G. I. R. Mrs. Small, the G. R. S. 
 Emma Harper Turner presided. Reports were received 
 from (1) Iowa Alpha, (2) Illinois Beta, (3) Kansas 
 Alpha, (4) Iowa Beta, (5) Iowa Gamma, (6) Iowa 
 Epsilon (Bloomfield), (7) Iowa Zeta, (8) Iowa Kappa 
 (Iowa City Alumnae), (9) Colorado Alpha, (10) Iowa 
 Theta (Ottumwa), (11) Illinois Delta, (12) Iowa Iota 
 (Mt. Pleasant Alumnae), (13) Nebraska Alpha (York), 
 (14) Colorado Beta, (15) Michigan Alpha, (16) Indiana 
 Alpha, (17) Michigan Beta, (18) Columbia Alpha, (19) 
 Ohio Alpha fourteen active and five alumnae and as- 
 sociate chapters. The Constitution, as perfected during 
 the interim of conventions by Indiana Alpha, Iowa 
 Alpha and Iowa Zeta, was adopted and ordered printed. 
 It included a new initiation ceremony, a new ritual and 
 a province organization. The carnation was adopted as 
 the Fraternity flower, Pallas Athenae as the Fraternity 
 goddess, and the present Pi Phi whistle. Election of 
 Grand Officers resulted in making Emma Harper Turner, 
 Grand President; Minnie H. Newby (Ricketts), Grand 
 Vice-President ; Sude Weaver (Evans), of Bloomfield, 
 
NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 99 
 
 Grand Secretary; Georgiana Rowland, of Colorado 
 Alpha, Grand Treasurer; Mrs. R. A. Small, Grand His- 
 torian; and Helen Sutliff, of Kansas Alpha, Guide. 
 Upon the recommendation of the committee on province 
 organization the following were elected : Alpha Prov- 
 ince, Franc Arnold (Chaddock) , of Michigan Beta ; Beta 
 Province, Lizzie Wigle (Anderson), of Illinois Beta; 
 Gamma Province, Zoe Williams (Seevers), of Iowa Zeta; 
 Delta Province, Ida Winne-Ballantine, of Colorado Beta. 
 The social activities included an informal reception to 
 delegates ; literary exercises in the Presbyterian Church, 
 at which Mrs. Carrie Chapman-Catt delivered an ad- 
 dress upon " The New Revolution; " a banquet for 
 eighty-five, followed by dancing; a " cookie shine ;" a 
 reception by Phi Delta Thetas ; reception by Beta Theta 
 Pi and Pi Gamma Phis; and a farewell reception by 
 Illinois Beta and Illinois Delta in Odd Fellows Hall, at 
 which over seven hundred were present. (See Arrow, 
 June, 1890.) 
 
 Twelfth Grand Alpha convened in the Phi Delta 
 Theta Hall, at Lawrence, Kansas, on March 29, 30 and 
 31, 1892, Grand President Emma Harper Turner pre- 
 siding. Twenty of the twenty-one active chapters rep- 
 resented. Louisiana Alpha was not represented because 
 of her inability to find a chaperone who would take the 
 long trip. In the absence of Sude Weaver, Grand Secre- 
 tary, Minnie Newby (Ricketts) was appointed secretary 
 of the Convention. Publication of Arrow went to Michi- 
 gan Beta. Reports of the first Province Presidents 
 ' ' showed the chapters to be in splendid condition and a 
 beginning made toward systematic province supervision." 
 
100 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 The following working committees were appointed : 
 (1) on Constitution, (2) on Catalogue, (3) on Alumnae, 
 (4) Arrow, (5) auditing treasurer's report, (16) audit- 
 ing Arrow report, (7) printing, (8) resolutions, (9) 
 chapter houses, (10) literary bureau, (11) miscellane- 
 ous. A general Alumnae Secretary authorized to have 
 supervision of alumnae work. Voted, that " the 28th of 
 April shall be known as Alumnae Day and shall cele- 
 brate the founding of Pi Beta Phi." The Fraternity 
 yell, "Ring ching ching, ho hippi hi, ra ro Arrow, Pi 
 Beta Phi," adopted. Voted, that Fraternity take the 
 place of Sorosis in name. Election of officers resulted 
 in making Emma Harper Turner, Grand President; 
 Mira Troth, Iowa Kappa, Grand Vice-President ; Minnie 
 Newby (Ricketts), Michigan Beta, Grand Secretary; 
 Helen Sutliff, of Kansas Alpha, Grand Treasurer ; Fran- 
 ces E. Flagler, Iowa Theta, Grand Guide ; May Copeland 
 (Reynolds-Drybread), Michigan Alpha, Grand Histo- 
 rian ; Mrs. H. Knapp, Iowa Gamma, Alumnae Secretary ; 
 Corinne Super (Stine), Ohio Alpha, Catalogue Sec- 
 retary ; Province Presidents : Alpha, Franc Arnold 
 (Chaddock), of Michigan Beta; Beta, Grace E. Harsh, 
 of Illinois Beta; Gamma, Fannie Rutherford (Stanton), 
 of Minnesota Alpha; Delta, Emma Sternberg, of Col- 
 orado Alpha. The organization of an alumnae associa- 
 tion was first discussed in convention. The social func- 
 tions of convention included an informal reception by 
 Kansas Alpha the first day, banquet at Weidmann's the 
 second day, a formal reception and dance by Kansas 
 Alpha the third day, and a reception and banquet, at 
 which one hundred and thirty guests were present, the 
 last day. (See Arrow, March, 1892.) 
 
NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 101 
 
 Thirteenth Grand Alpha met in the Isabella Club, Chi- 
 cago, Illinois, July 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21, 1893, Emma 
 Harper Turner, Grand President, presiding. Nineteen 
 delegates present, Iowa Zeta and Iowa Kappa not rep- 
 resented by delegate, but reports read ; total active chap- 
 ters, twenty-one. Committees reported new printed 
 Constitutions, Song Books, and initiation rituals. 
 Adopted ritual for Alumnae Clubs. Ratified formation 
 of the National Alumnae Association of Pi Beta Phi, 
 with the following officers: President, Emma Harper 
 Turner, of Columbia Alpha; Vice-President, Mrs. 
 Laurie Light- Vance, of Iowa Alpha; Treasurer, Ona H. 
 Payne (Newsom), of Indiana Alpha; Secretary, Effie 
 June Scott (Franklin), of Kansas Alpha; Guide, Dr. 
 Phoebe R. Norris, of Columbia Alpha ; Historian, Minnie 
 H. Newby (Ricketts) of Michigan Beta. Provinces were 
 redistricted with a view to holding province conventions. 
 The following Grand Officers were elected : Grand 
 President, Helen B. Sutliff, Kansas Alpha ; Grand Vice- 
 President, Corinne Super-Stine, Ohio Alpha ; Grand Sec- 
 retary, Grace Lass (Sisson), Illinois Delta; Grand 
 Treasurer, Lucinda Smith (Buchan), of Kansas Alpha; 
 Grand Historian, Olive McHenry, Iowa Alpha; Grand 
 Guide, Edna A. Clark, Columbia Alpha ; Province Presi- 
 dents : Alpha, Anna Hazelton, Columbia Alpha ; Beta, 
 Louise Hulbert (Wyant), of Michigan Beta; Gamma, 
 Minnie Roberts, of Iowa Gamma ; Delta, Elizabeth Gam- 
 ble, of Colorado Alpha; Catalogue Secretary, Mary 
 Clarke Bancker, of Michigan Beta. First informal re- 
 ception in parlors of Isabella Hotel; Second Pan-Hel- 
 lenic Congress held July 20, at Art Institute; Pi Beta 
 Phi was associated with Kappa Alpha Theta, Delta 
 
102 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 Gamma, Gamma Phi Beta and Delta Delta Delta in a 
 Fraternity Booth in Woman 's Building. ' ' A convention 
 notable for its reunions." (See Arrow, July, 1893.) 
 
 Fourteenth Convention was held in the Y. W. C. A. 
 Hall, 68 Warrenton Ave., Boston, Mass., on August 27, 
 28 and 29, 1895, the Grand President, Helen Sutliff, 
 presiding. Delegates were present from twenty-four 
 chapters ; one chapter, Callanan College, not represented 
 by delegate. Voted, ' ' that the name Convention be used 
 instead of Grand Alpha; " " that chapters be required 
 to preserve an Arrow file; " " that the Grand Viee- 
 President be keeper of the permanent roll of the Fra- 
 ternity, and that chapter vice-presidents act in the same 
 capacity for chapters ; " " that initiation fee be $5.00 and 
 annual tax be $5.00, which will include cost of the Arrow, 
 and will be paid by Grand Treasurer. ' ' Province redis- 
 tricting, as voted by last Convention, showed, in Alpha 
 Province, Vermont Alpha, Columbia Alpha, Pennsyl- 
 vania Alpha, Pennsylvania Beta, Ohio Alpha, and Ohio 
 Beta; in Beta Province, Illinois Beta, Illinois Delta, Il- 
 linois Epsilon, Indiana Alpha, Indiana Beta, Michigan 
 Alpha and Michigan Beta; in Gamma Province, Iowa 
 Alpha, Iowa Beta, Iowa Zeta, Iowa Lambda, Minnesota 
 Alpha and Wisconsin Alpha; in Delta Province, Loui- 
 siana Alpha, Kansas Alpha, Nebraska Beta, Colorado 
 Alpha, Colorado Beta and California Alpha. Election 
 of officers resulted in making Grand President, Grace 
 Lass (Sisson), Illinois Delta; Grand Vice-President, 
 Elizabeth Gamble, Colorado Alpha; Grand Secretary, 
 Florence P. Chase (Cass), of Michigan Alpha; Grand 
 Treasurer, Lucinda Smith (Buchan), of Kansas Alpha; 
 
NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 103 
 
 Guide, Edith Ingersoll, Colorado Beta (these officers 
 composed the Grand Council) ; Grand Historian, Susan 
 Lewis, of Michigan Beta ; Province Presidents : Alpha, 
 Anna Hazelton, Columbia Alpha; Beta, Loretta Hood 
 (Young), Illinois Delta; Gamma, Gertrude Clark-Sober, 
 Wisconsin Alpha; Delta, Jeannette Bennett-Dunham, 
 Colorado Alpha. The social side of this Convention in- 
 cluded an informal reception the first day, a model initia- 
 tion, followed by a " cookie shine," a banquet and dance, 
 and several informal gatherings. (See Arrow, October, 
 1895.) 
 
 Fifteenth Biennial Convention was held in the Library 
 Hall of the University of Winconsin, July 6, 7, 8, 9 and 
 10, 1897, Grand President Grace Lass-Sisson presiding. 
 Twenty-six chapter delegates, all the members of the 
 Grand Council, Arrow Editor, Chairman Literary 
 Bureau, President of the Alumnae Association, and 
 forty-eight guests were present. One chapter only 
 Louisiana Alpha was not represented. Founder 
 Emma Brownlee-Kilgore, in behalf of the Monmouth 
 alumnae, presented Convention with a silver-mounted 
 gavel. Upon the recommendation of the Historian, each 
 chapter was assigned a historical topic for study, re- 
 search and report. Voted, " that the Grand President 
 shall issue an annual message ; " ' ' that annual examina- 
 tions shall be taken by every active member of the 
 Fraternity the first week in March ; ' ' that ' * unanimous 
 consent of chapters in a province is necessary to grant 
 a charter;" that " honorary membership " be abolished. 
 Election of officers as follows: Grand President, 
 Grace Lass-Sisson, Illinois Delta ; Grand Vice-President, 
 
104 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 Grace Grosvenor (Shepard), Ohio Alpha; Grand Secre- 
 tary, Ethel B. Allen (Hamilton), Kansas Alpha; Grand 
 Treasurer, Lucinda Smith (Buchan), of Kansas Alpha; 
 Grand Guide, Charlotte Allen-Farnsworth, Colorado Al- 
 pha ; Historian, Susan Lewis ; Province Presidents : 
 Alpha, Mary Bartol (Theiss), of Pennsylvania Beta; 
 Beta, Ona H. Payne (Newsom), Indiana Alpha; Gamma, 
 Elizabeth Smith, Colorado Alpha ; Delta, Louise Foucar 
 (Marshall), of Colorado Beta. Social activities included 
 an informal reception, model initiation, large informal 
 reception and a banquet. (See Arrow, July, 1897.} 
 
 Sixteenth Biennial Convention was held in the Chau- 
 tauqua Auditorium, Boulder, Colorado, on August 29, 
 30, 31 and September 1, 1899, with Grace Lass-Sisson, 
 Grand President, presiding. Delegates from twenty-nine 
 chapters were present, and five Grand Officers. During 
 the interim of convention Amelia D. Alpiner (Stern), of 
 Illinois Zeta, had succeeded Ethel Allen as Grand Sec- 
 retary, and Ida Greeley Smith her sister Lucinda Smith- 
 Buchan as Treasurer. Voted, " that Arrow Editor be 
 made part of Grand Council " in place of the Grand 
 Guide, who will hereafter be appointed by the Grand 
 President ; ' ' to pay a salary to the Grand President, to 
 the Grand Secretary and to the Grand Treasurer; " to 
 have ' ' a travelling delegate, Grand President, if possible, 
 whose duty it shall be to visit all chapters during in- 
 terim of convention; " membership confined to active 
 and alumnae no honorary members ; Constitution re- 
 vised and ordered printed; Treasurer's bond raised to 
 $2,000. Election of officers as follows : Grand Presi- 
 dent, Elsie Bradford (Johnson), Columbia Alpha; 
 
NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 105 
 
 Grand Vice-President, Elizabeth Gamble, Colorado 
 Alpha; Grand Secretary, Mary Bartol (Theiss), Penn- 
 sylvania Beta; Grand Treasurer, Ida Greeley Smith 
 (Griffith), Kansas Alpha; Arrow Editor, Florence Por- 
 ter Robinson, Wisconsin Alpha (these compose the 
 Grand Council) ; Historian, Susan Lewis, Michigan 
 Beta ; Province Presidents : Alpha, Frances Darlington, 
 Pennsylvania Alpha; Beta, Lura Grimes (Anderson), 
 Indiana Beta; Gamma, Olivia Ambler (Simmons), Iowa 
 Alpha; Delta, Clara Matthews (Mcllhenny), Louisiana 
 Alpha. Social side of Convention included an informal 
 reception the first day, a reception by Delta Gamma, a 
 model initiation, followed by a " cookie shine " and 
 dancing; a trip around the mountains from Boulder to 
 Ward ' ' the Switzerland Trail of America ; " a recep- 
 tion by the Colorado Alpha patronesses of Pi Beta Phi ; 
 a banquet ; a reception by Theta Chapter of Gamma Phi 
 Beta in Denver, and trolley sightseeing ride in Denver. 
 (See Arrow, November, 1899.) 
 
 The Seventeenth National Biennial Convention met in 
 the University Buildings at Syracuse, New York, on July 
 2, 3, 4 and 5, 1901, Grand President Elsie Bradford 
 presiding. Six national officers and thirty chapter dele- 
 gates were present. Sadie B. Williams (Bell), New York 
 Alpha, appointed Convention Guide. Voted, " that the 
 Alumnae Association, or the work now done by that body, 
 become a part of the general Fraternity organization, 
 and that to the duties of Grand Vice-President be added 
 those of Alumnae Secretary, and that she be nominated 
 by the alumnae, and that in each chapter to the duties 
 of vice-president be added those of chapter alumnae sec- 
 
106 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 retary;" that the Grand Vice-President " shall have 
 charge of the alumnae work, ' ' with a salary ; that * * Na- 
 tional Biennial " be inserted before " Convention." In 
 1900 " a petition was made to the Grand Council by the 
 Alumnae Council, by which they might be allowed to 
 obtain reduced rates (25 cents per year) for the Arrow 
 subscriptions for alumnae, after the Arrow had been 
 supplied to the active Fraternity. This was granted and 
 it proved most successful in increasing alumnae support 
 and subscriptions." The Syracuse Convention voted to 
 continue this concession to the alumnae. Election of offi- 
 cers as follows : Grand President, Elizabeth Gamble, 
 Colorado Alpha; Grand Vice-President and Secretary 
 for the Alumnae, Fannie K. Read (Cook), of Michigan 
 Beta; Grand Secretary, Mary Bartol (Theiss), of 
 Pennsylvania Beta; Grand Treasurer, Martha Nutter 
 Kimball, Colorado Beta ; Arrow Editor, Florence Porter 
 Robinson, Wisconsin Alpha ; Grand Historian, Susan W. 
 Lewis ; Province Presidents as follows : Alpha, Sadie 
 B. Williams (Bell), New York Alpha; Beta, Ethel Cur- 
 ryer, Indiana Gamma; Gamma, Olivia Ambler (Sim- 
 mons), Iowa Alpha; Delta, Ida Greeley Smith (Griffith), 
 of Kansas Alpha. Two balls, a " cookie shine," and a 
 banquet where one hundred and eleven gathered around 
 the board, were the greater features of the social side of 
 this Convention. (See Arrow, November, 1901.) 
 
 Eighteenth National Biennial Convention was held in 
 the Forest Park University Gymnasium, St. Louis, Mo., 
 on June 28, 29, 30 and July 1 and 2, 1904, Grand Presi- 
 dent Elizabeth Gamble presiding. Present, eleven offi- 
 cers, delegates from thirty-three chapters, and four 
 
NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 107 
 
 Founders, Emma Brownlee-Kilgore, Fanny Whitenack- 
 Libby, Libbie Brook-G-addis and Jennie Horne-Turnbull. 
 Gratia E. Woodside, Missouri Alpha, appointed Conven- 
 tion Guide. Voted, " that Province Presidents, Grand 
 Historian, Convention Guide be given seats in conven- 
 tion; " " that all members of the Alumnae Association 
 and all visiting Pi Phis be allowed the privileges of the 
 floor as though members of convention ; " * * that the 
 Constitution, as revised by the Grand Council, and 
 presented to the chapters for ratification according 
 to instructions from the Syracuse Convention, be 
 hereby ratified; " " that a joint committee of active 
 and alumnae members be appointed by the chair to 
 outline suggestions for perfection of organization of 
 the Alumnae Department; " ll that life membership 
 in the Alumnae Association be given on the pay- 
 ment of $5.00 in one instalment, or of $6.00 if paid 
 in six annual instalments; " that the Fraternity 
 Statutes be amended to read " To conduct an ex- 
 amination on the Fraternity Constitution, and Stat- 
 utes, history and policy, and on parliamentary law, 
 which examination shall be taken by every chapter be- 
 tween December 1 and March 3; " " that the duration 
 of a visit of visiting delegate be not less than two days. ' ' 
 During the interim of conventions the following printed 
 matter was issued by the Fraternity : second edition 
 Historical Sketch, second edition Song Book, 176 pages, 
 and Fraternity Catalogue. Grand President reported 
 sixteen applicants for charters in Pi Phi during her of- 
 fice. The election of officers resulted in making Grand 
 President, Elizabeth Gamble, Colorado Alpha; Grand 
 
108 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 Vice-President and Secretary to the Alumnae, May 
 Copeland-Reynolds (Drybread), Michigan Alpha; 
 Grand Secretary, Mary Bartol-Theiss, of Pennsylvania 
 Beta; Grand Treasurer, Martha N. Kimball, of Colo- 
 rado Beta; Arrow Editor, Florence Porter Robinson; 
 Historian, Susan W. Lewis, of Michigan Beta ; Province 
 Presidents: Alpha, Anna M. Jackson (Branson), of 
 Pennsylvania Alpha; Beta, Elda L. Smith, of Illinois 
 Epsilon; Gamma, Sue M. Stone (Smith), of Missouri 
 Alpha; Delta, Anne Stuart, of Nebraska Beta. Owing 
 to the fact that this Convention was held during the St. 
 Louis Exposition, social functions were confined to an 
 informal reception, a model initiation and banquet. 
 There were more than one hundred and fifty guests at 
 this Convention. (See Arrow, July, 1904.) 
 
 Nineteenth National Biennial Convention met at the 
 Claypool Hotel, Indianapolis, Indiana, on June 26, 27, 
 28, 29 and 30, 1906, Grand President Elizabeth Gamble 
 in the chair. In the absence of the Grand Secretary, 
 Mrs. Theiss, Elda L. Smith, Illinois Epsilon, was ap- 
 pointed secretary of the Convention. Ethel Rous 
 Curryer, Indiana Gamma, was appointed Convention 
 Guide. Ten officers and delegates from thirty-five chap- 
 ters were present. Voted, " that all Pi Beta Phi pins 
 purchased by further initiates be marked with owner's 
 name and chapter;" " that the use of the Arrow be 
 confined to the Fraternity badge; " " that the Grand 
 Council hold an annual meeting at a time and place 
 to be chosen by the Grand President ; " " that Province 
 Presidents be required to visit the chapters of their 
 respective provinces once during the interim of conven- 
 
NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 109 
 
 tion, travelling expenses to be paid from Grand Treas- 
 ury; " " that the policy of the Grand Council for the 
 next two years be that no charter be granted to 
 chapters in colleges with less than $75,000 annual 
 income, a high standard of scholarship, and at least 
 fifty women students where Phi Beta Phi is the first 
 sorority to enter, seventy-five where she is second, one 
 hundred where she is third, etc., in same ratio; " 
 " that Pi Beta Phi suggest to the local Pan-Hellenic 
 that the Dean of Women or some woman of the Fac- 
 ulty be invited to meet with them; " " that Pi Beta 
 Phi establish scholarships not to exceed $1,000, in 
 total, for the college year; such scholarships to be 
 open only to members of Pi Beta Phi; " " that the 
 scholarships be awarded in each case to the persons 
 and in the places decided upon by the unanimous vote of 
 Grand Council; " " that the undergraduate scholarships 
 be $325 each, and the graduates scholarship $350; " 
 " that no Pi Beta Phi jewelry shall be given to any 
 man; " " that a uniform patroness' pin be adopted; " 
 " that there be a fixed place for wearing the Arrow; n 
 " that it be worn on the left side near the heart; n 
 " that the official jewellers be authorized to make as 
 pledge pin an arrow-head of Roman gold with B of 
 burnished gold mounted on it; the pin to be the size 
 of the submitted design and pointing horizontally; " 
 <r that at the close of each year the corresponding sec- 
 retary of each chapter send to its alumnae a circular 
 letter which shall follow as closely as possible the sug- 
 gestions of Pennsylvania Beta; " " that the chair ap- 
 point a committee to consider a coat of arms and re- 
 
110 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 port at following convention. ' ' Duties of Alumnae Edi- 
 tor outlined by committee. Election resulted as fol- 
 lows: Grand President, Elizabeth Gamble, Colorado 
 Alpha; Grand Vice-President, May Copeland-Reynolds 
 (Drybread), of Michigan Alpha; Grand Secretary, Elda 
 L. Smith, of Illinois Epsilon; Grand Treasurer, Martha 
 N. Kimball, Colorado Beta ; Grand Historian, Jeannette 
 Zeppenfeld, Indiana Alpha; Arrow Editor, Florence 
 Porter Robinson, of Wisconsin Alpha; Province Presi- 
 dents: Alpha, Anna M. Jackson (Branson), of 
 Pennsylvania Alpha; Beta, Edith Clark-Burr, Illinois 
 Zeta; Gamma, Anne Stuart, of Nebraska Beta; 
 Delta, Roberta Frye, of Maryland Alpha. The 
 Grand Council reported fifteen applications for charters 
 during the two years interim of conventions. At this 
 Convention, the three Indiana chapters were hostesses. 
 On the first day of Convention there was an informal 
 reception. The second day was Alumnae Day, and was 
 given up to the Indiana alumnae, who entertained 
 Kappa Alpha Theta, Kappa Kappa Kappa, Delta Gam- 
 ma, Chi Omega and Alpha Phi alumnae, for the Council, 
 delegates and Pi Phi guests, with a musical in the 
 Propylaeum. The third day a dance, in which over 
 five hundred were in the grand march, and the fourth 
 day a sumptuous banquet at which covers were laid for 
 one hundred and fifty, made up a part of the Conven- 
 tion festivities. (See Arrow, July, 1906.) 
 
 The Twentieth National Biennial Convention met in 
 the Banquet Room of the New Denechaud Hotel, New 
 Orleans, Louisiana, on December 30, 1907, and Jan- 
 uary 1, 2, 3, 1908, Grand President Elizabeth Gamble 
 
NATIONAL CONVENTIONS HI 
 
 presiding. Thirteen officers and delegates from thirty- 
 eight chapters present. Celeste Bush Janvier, of Loui- 
 siana Alpha, appointed Convention Guide. Voted, 
 " that the Cataloguer be made a delegate to Conven- 
 tion; " " that the first annual tax of initiates shall pay 
 for life membership in the Alumnae Department of the 
 Fraternity; " " that each chapter shall be taxed $1.00 
 per capita for each graduate or member leaving college 
 permanently, except in the cases of those who have been 
 initiated since January 1, 1908. This tax shall be paid 
 into the National Treasury, thus purchasing the Arrow 
 for four years after the time of departure from col- 
 lege ; ' ' * * that four Province Secretaries, having the same 
 districts as the Province Presidents, shall be elected by 
 Convention as assistants to the Grand Vice-Presidents in 
 carrying on the work of the Alumnae Department; " 
 ''' that the expenses of the Alumnae Province Secreta- 
 ries to convention be paid by the National Treasury; " 
 " that the Province Secretaries be given no vote in con- 
 vention; " " that each alumnae club which is situated 
 geographically near enough to an active chapter to make 
 it practicable, shall send a delegate to the chapter meet- 
 ing at least once a month and shall invite representa- 
 tives from the active chapter to attend alumnae club 
 meetings; " " that chapters, which for two successive 
 years are reported through the college authorities as 
 deficient in scholarship, forfeit the right to charters, 
 if at the end of two years there is no improvement; " 
 " no special student in any college of liberal arts shall 
 be eligible to membership in Pi Beta Phi, who carries 
 less than twelve hours ' work, or who has less than twelve 
 
112 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 hours' credit in such college; " " that question of 
 patroness' pin be laid on the table, pending the choice 
 of symbols; " " that a secret number of the Arrow be 
 printed annually, which shall publish the minutes and 
 reports of conventions, the annual chapter reports to 
 the Grand Secretary, and any other information for the 
 use of the Fraternity. Election of officers resulted as 
 follows : Grand President, May Lansfield Keller, Mary- 
 land Alpha; Grand Vice-President, Cora E. Marlowe 
 (Kerns), Minnesota Alpha; Grand Secretary, Elda L. 
 Smith, Illinois Epsilon; Grand Treasurer, Celeste Bush 
 Janvier, Louisiana Alpha ; Historian, Jeannette Zeppen- 
 feld, of Indiana Alphia; Arrow Editor, Mary Bartol- 
 Theiss, of Pennsylvania Beta ; Alumnae Editor, Sarah G. 
 Pomeroy, of Massachusetts Alpha; Province Presi- 
 dents: Alpha, Elfrieda Hochbaum-Pope, Illinois 
 Epsilon; Beta, Anna W. Lytle (Tannahill), Nebraska 
 Beta; Gamma, Anne Stuart, Nebraska Beta; Delta, 
 Roberta G. Frye, Maryland Alpha; Province Secreta- 
 ries: Alpha, Edna L. Stone, Maryland Alpha; Beta, 
 Fanny Miner, Indiana Gamma; Gamma, Hilda Kirke 
 White, Illinois Zeta ; Delta, Louise Foucar-Marshall, Col- 
 orado Beta. 
 
 The social side of Convention included an informal 
 reception in the banquet room of the Denechaud Hotel, 
 with an address of welcome by President Dixon on the 
 first night; a royal entertainment New Year's Eve by 
 Kappa Kappa Gamma; the third day Alpha Tau 
 Omega gave the delegates a trolley ride to and through 
 Newcomb College grounds, visiting the pottery works, 
 and having New Year's luncheon on the campus; a 
 
PI I 
 
 Convention 
 
Swartlimore. 
 
NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 113 
 
 trip to the quaint old French opera-house, where " La 
 Tosca " was being played; and a banquet the last eve- 
 ning, with covers for one hundred and twenty-five, at 
 the close of which, after brilliant toasts and amusing 
 fake telegrams from distinguished personages, " loving- 
 cups " of Newcomb pottery, with the Pi Phi carnations 
 upon them, were presented to those two magnificent 
 women who had given so many years and much effort 
 to the Fraternity, Elizabeth Gamble and Florence Rob- 
 inson. (See Arrow, January, 1908.) 
 
 The Twenty-first National Biennial Convention was 
 held in the Presbyterian Chapel, Swarthmore, Pennsyl- 
 vania, on June 27, 28, 29 and 30, 1910, Grand Presi- 
 dent May L. Keller presiding. Thirteen officers and 
 delegates from forty chapters were present. The three 
 Pennsylvania chapters were hostesses. Mary Cooper 
 Johnson, of Pennsylvania Alpha, appointed Convention 
 Guide. In July, 1908, Anna Robinson-Nickerson, 
 Massachusetts Alpha, succeeded Elfrieda Hochbaum- 
 Pope, as Alpha Province President ; in November, 1909, 
 Kate Walker-Johnson, of Nebraska Beta, succeeded 
 Anna Lytle (Tannahill) as Beta Province President; 
 in November, 1908, Mary E. Wallihan (Gibson), Col- 
 orado Beta, succeeded Louise Foucar-Marshall, as Delta 
 Province Secretary; in October, 1908, Helen Schaeffer- 
 Huff was appointed Cataloguer; these between-conven- 
 tion officers were duly seated in convention. Voted, 
 " that the Convention Guide be given a seat and vote 
 in convention ; ' ' ' ' that alumnae club representatives *be 
 given seats in convention and the privileges of the 
 floor; " " that the sanction of the Convention be given 
 
114 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 to the plan suggested by the "Washington Alumnae Club 
 to the Alumnae Department for maintaining a school in 
 the Appalachian Mountains in honor of the Founders 
 and founding of Pi Beta Phi; " " that the Fraternity 
 maintain the policy adopted by the Nineteenth Biennial 
 Convention, and endorsed by the Twentieth Biennial 
 Convention; namely, of extension into no colleges with 
 less than $75,000 annual income, or with less than fifty 
 women students where Pi Beta Phi is the first woman's 
 fraternity to enter, seventy-five where she is second, one 
 hundred where she is third, etc., in the same ratio; " 
 " that the Fraternity continue its present policy of 
 granting a $500 fellowship for graduate study either 
 in America or in Europe; " " that an appropriation of 
 $200 be made annually for two years for a loan fund, 
 available to Pi Beta Phi undergraduates ; " ' ' that con- 
 vention minutes be published as an extra number, secret 
 issue, of the Arrow ; ' ' " that chapters conduct examina- 
 tions for their pledges, on the chapter roll, names of 
 Founders, and Grand Council, and other matters of 
 general Fraternity interest; this examination to be 
 passed before the pledge is eligible to initiation; " 
 " that each chapter be required to have its Arrow files 
 bound through volume twenty-six. ' ' The salaries of 
 the Grand President, Grand Vice-President, Grand Sec- 
 retary, Grand Treasurer, Arrow Editor, Alumnae Editor 
 and Cataloguer were revised and fixed by Convention. 
 The following officers were elected for the ensuing two 
 years: Grand President, May L. Keller, Maryland 
 Alpha; Grand Vice-President, Anna Jackson-Branson, 
 Pennsylvania Alpha ; Grand Secretary, Julia E. Rogers, 
 
NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 115 
 
 Iowa Zeta; Grand Treasurer, Celeste Bush Janvier, 
 Louisiana Alpha ; Arrow Editor, Mary Bartol-Theiss, of 
 Pennsylvania Beta; Historian, Kate King-Bostwick, 
 Michigan Alpha; Alpha Province President, Anna Rob- 
 inson-Nickerson, Massachusetts Alpha; Beta Province 
 President, Kate Walker- Johnson, Nebraska Beta; 
 Gamma Province President, Anne Stuart, Nebraska 
 Beta ; Delta Province, Gertrude Fitz-Randolph-Currens, 
 Colorado Alpha; Alumnae Editor, Sophie Woodman, 
 New York Beta; Alpha Province Secretary, Elizabeth 
 Shepard-Lough, Wisconsin Alpha ; Beta Province Secre- 
 tary, Fanny Miner, Indiana Gamma; Gamma Province 
 Secretary, Frances Dunning, Maryland Alpha; Delta 
 Province Secretary, Mary E. Wallihan (Gibson), of 
 Colorado Beta. 
 
 The social side of Convention : The Grand Council 
 and as many others as possible were housed in the Strath 
 Haven Inn, where delegates and visitors were enter- 
 tained on Monday with song, recitation, college skits 
 and a Pi Phi medley; Tuesday a picnic across Crum 
 Creek; Wednesday, the Convention picture was taken 
 in the morning, and in the afternoon Pennsylvania 
 Alpha presented fairy scenes from Midsummer Night's 
 Dream in the near-by dell, and in the evening Pennsyl- 
 vania Beta entertained with a stunt party and " cookie 
 shine; " Thursday evening the long-to-be-remembered 
 banquet, at which was announced that Nebraska Beta 
 had won the loving-cup for attendance at Convention. 
 There were one hundred and sixty-seven visiting Pi Phis 
 at this Convention. (See Arrow, July, 1910.) 
 
 The Twenty-second National Biennial Convention was 
 
116 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 held in Annie May Swift Hall, of Northwestern Univer- 
 sity, Evanston, Illinois, on June 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29, 
 1912, May Lansfield Keller, Grand President, presiding. 
 Elda L. Smith, Illinois Epsilon, was appointed Conven- 
 tion Guide. Roll call showed sixteen officers and forty- 
 four delegates present, Beta Province President being 
 absent. Owing to ill health, Mary Bartol-Theiss, Arrow 
 Editor, was succeeded in November, 1911, by Sarah G. 
 Pomeroy, Massachusetts Alpha. Voted, " that all 
 alumnae be granted the privileges of the floor ; " " that 
 a permanent loan fund of not less than $200 per annum 
 be established; " " that each province shall have a 
 Province Vice-President, elected at convention, having 
 the same district as the Province President, and 
 assisting the Grand Vice-President and the Alumnae 
 Editor," these succeeded the alumnae secretaries 
 in the Alumnae Department ; " that Province Vice- 
 Presidents shall have their expenses to convention 
 paid from the National Treasury, but shall have 
 no vote; " " that the sanction of Convention be 
 given to the recommendation that $250 per annum 
 be given for running expenses of the Settlement 
 School; " " that the Chicago Alumnae Club be re- 
 quested to assume control of the Settlement School proj- 
 ect; " " that Grand Treasurer hereafter be required 
 to give bond in an amount not less than $6,000 ; " ' ' the 
 restoration of the small recognition pin be authorized ; ' ' 
 " that the provinces be redistricted as follows, on a geo- 
 graphic basis, enlarging the number from four to six : 
 Alpha Province, eight chapters, to include the states of 
 Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, 
 
Conventioi 
 
Kvunston. 
 
NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 117 
 
 Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hamp- 
 shire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ontario, 
 Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont and Virginia; 
 Beta Province, eight chapters, to include the states of 
 Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia; 
 Gamma Province, ten chapters, to include the states of 
 Alabama, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Minnesota, Mis- 
 sissippi, Tennessee and Wisconsin; Delta Province, ten 
 chapters, to include the states of Arkansas, Iowa, Kan- 
 sas, Louisiana, Missouri and Nebraska ; Epsilon Prov- 
 ince, five chapters, to include the states of Colorado, 
 Oklahoma, Montana, New Mexico, Texas, Wyoming, 
 North Dakota and South Dakota; Zeta Province, four 
 chapters, to include the states of Arizona, California, 
 Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah and Washington. The 
 election of officers resulted as follows : Grand Presi- 
 dent, May L. Keller, Maryland Alpha; Grand Vice- 
 President, Lida Burkhard-Lardner, Colorado Beta; 
 Grand Secretary, Amy B. Onken, Illinois Epsilon; 
 Grand Treasurer, Anne Stuart, Nebraska Beta; Arrow 
 Editor, Sarah G. Pomeroy(Rugg), Massachusetts Alpha; 
 Historian, Elizabeth Clarke-Helmick, Michigan Alpha; 
 Alpha Province President, Anna Robinson-Nickerson, 
 Massachusetts Alpha; Beta Province President, Anna 
 Pettitt (Broomell), Pennsylvania Alpha; Gamma Prov- 
 ince President, Abbie Langmaid, Minnesota Alpha; 
 Delta Province President, Lois Janvier, Louisiana 
 Alpha; Epsilon Province President, Gertrude Fitz-Ran- 
 dolph-Currens, Colorado Alpha; Zeta Province Presi- 
 dent, Marguerite Davis-Carney, Colorado Alpha ; Alpha 
 Province Vice-President, Grace Goodhue-Coolidge, Ver- 
 
118 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 mont Beta ; Beta Province Vice-President, Elsa Schlicht, 
 Ohio Gamma; Gamma Province Vice-President, Lizette 
 Woerner (Hampton), Wisconsin Alpha; Delta Province 
 Vice-President, Margaret Ross (McEldowney), Missouri 
 Alpha; Epsilon Province Vice-President, Emily Maver- 
 ick (Miller), Texas Alpha; Zeta Province Vice-Presi- 
 dent, Leta Horlocker, Nebraska Beta. In August, 1913, 
 Kate B. Miller, Iowa Beta, succeeded Abbie Langmaid as 
 Gamma Province President, and in October, 1913, Edith 
 Baker, Missouri Beta, succeeded Margaret Ross as Delta 
 Province Vice-President. At this Convention the loving- 
 cup was awarded New York Beta. 
 
 Social events of this Convention included an informal 
 reception in Willard Hall the first night, with an ad- 
 dress of welcome by Miss Potter, Dean of Women at 
 Northwestern, a Pi Beta Phi Pageant, written by Kate 
 B. Miller, Iowa Beta, and presented by the Chicago 
 Alumnae Club, swimming parties, breakfast on the 
 beach, a boat ride on Lake Michigan, and a banquet 
 Friday evening in Patton Gymnasium, to which 473 Pi 
 Phis sat down together. 
 
 The beautiful Pi Phi book plate designed by Edith 
 Hammond, Illinois Epsilon, was presented to the Fra- 
 ternity by the chapter. (See Convention, or Secret 
 Arrow, 1912.) 
 
 To the fortunate Pi Phi, who can attend a convention, 
 it means " a new initiation into Pi Beta Phi. It is true 
 we were wont to speak of being loyal to the wine and 
 blue, but after attending one of our conventions we are 
 as loyal to one chapter of Pi Beta Phi as to another. The 
 interests, the aims, the pleasures, the triumphs, the dis- 
 
NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 119 
 
 appointments, the losses of every separate chapter, aye, 
 of every individual member, we might say, become ours 
 also." " We are bound by ties ties warmer and 
 stronger than those of friendship to noble, intellectual, 
 womanly women all over these United States. For the 
 dear little girl from the far West, for the gentle Quaker 
 maiden of the East, for the stately sister of the North, 
 and for the charming girl from the South, convention 
 has brought us a warmer interest and love." 
 
" Every wearer of the Fraternity badge feels a noble 
 pride in that badge as a symbol of high aims and prog- 
 ress." MARY CLARK BANCKER, Michigan Beta. 
 
Missouri Gamma Group. 
 
CHAPTER VII 
 
 INSIGNIA 
 
 BADGES. The badge of the Pi Beta Phi Fraternity is 
 a gold arrow, about an inch in length, bearing the let- 
 ters nB$ transversely on its feather, with a loop chain 
 pendent from the shaft, worn on the left side near the 
 heart. That the badge should be a gold arrow was 
 decided by our Founders on the 5th of May, 1867, 
 and was worn by them on the 14th of May, of the same 
 year, for the first time. Until 1888, the pin bore upon 
 its wing the letters I. C. in black enamel. The signifi- 
 cance of each part of the arrow has never changed, but 
 at the Convention of 1888, nB$ was substituted for I. C., 
 the wing being enamelled in white, and jewelling was 
 permitted. A guard pin was used before the safety 
 catch was invented. This guard pin was of gold, a 
 Greek letter, the same as the name of the chapter to 
 which the owner belonged, or I. C. The first jewelled 
 Pi Beta Phi pin was presented by the Fraternity to the 
 highly esteemed President, Mrs. Rainie Adamson-Small, 
 and was jewelled with diamonds and pearls. 
 
 The Recognition Pin authorized by the 1912 Conven- 
 tion is a duplicate of the badge, only smaller, and is 
 worn on the coat lapel. 
 
 The Pledge Pin is an arrow-head, made of Roman 
 gold, and pointed horizontally, upon which is mounted 
 
 123 
 
124 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 the Greek letter B in burnished gold. This pin is worn 
 only by girls who have given their pledge to join the 
 Fraternity, and have not been fully initiated. 
 
 HONORARY BADGES. In 1893, at the Convention held 
 in Chicago, during the World's Columbian Exposition, 
 the following honorary badges for Grand Officers were 
 adopted : 
 
 Grand President a small gold gavel. 
 
 Grand Vice-President a gold scroll, with wine 
 enamelled gavel and letters IIB^> across the face. 
 
 Grand Treasurer the $ sign in gold wire. 
 
 Grand Secretary gold pen, with IIB<I> in black 
 enamel across same. 
 
 Grand Historian white enamelled scroll, with IIB$ 
 in gold letters across the face. 
 
 Arrow Editor white enamelled scroll, with word 
 11 Arrow " in gold across the face. 
 
 COLORS. The colors of the Fraternity are dregs of 
 wine and silver blue, adopted by the Convention of 
 1882, upon motion of Ella Ham (Robinson), of Iowa 
 Zeta. 
 
 FLOWER. The flower is the dark red carnation, 
 adopted by the Convention of 1890. 
 
 GODDESS. At the Galesburg Convention- held in 
 1890, Pallas Athense was adopted as the Fraternity 
 goddess. 
 
 FLAG. The flag is an oblong, with lower edge in- 
 dented; connecting the opposite corners are curved 
 lines which divide the field into three parts. The center 
 portion is of silver blue, bearing in its upper part a 
 monogram of the letters I C, surrounded by a halo, and 
 
INSIGNIA 
 
 125 
 
 below is a monogram of the letters IIB<I. The lower 
 point is pierced by a gold arrow which overlaps the 
 lateral section of the wine red. This flag was presented 
 to Convention in 1896. 
 
 YELL. The yell was adopted by the Convention of 
 1892, as follows : 
 
 Ring, ching, ching, 
 Ho, hippi, hi, 
 Ra, ro, Arrow, 
 Pi Beta Phi. 
 
 WHISTLE. The following is the whistle call of the 
 Fraternity, adopted at the 1890 Convention: 
 
{( Those three little Greek letters on the Arrow are as 
 a talisman that will lead into sweeter, broader, richer 
 fields of usefulness." GRACE LASS-SISSON, Illinois 
 Delta. 
 
CHAPTER VIII 
 
 ALUMNAE ORGANIZATIONS 
 
 IT has been impossible to gather accurate detailed in- 
 formation about alumnae chapters or clubs previous to? 
 1880. As early as 1870 we have been told of gatherings 
 of I. C. groups at stated times and places, when active 
 and inactive members met and discussed Fraternity af- 
 fairs and chapter welfare over the teacups, but there 
 was no concerted movement for fostering a closer rela- 
 tionship between the active and alumnae members or for 
 organizing alumnae chapters or clubs until 1$80 or 1881. 
 Previous to 1880, in an I. C. Constitution in the His- 
 torian's archives is a provision for alumnae organization 
 reading : " Members of the several chapters shall, 
 upon graduation, become members of the alumnae chap- 
 ter, but shall retain connection with their former chap- 
 ter. The alumnae chapter shall have no power to trans- 
 act business. ' ' This last clause was amended by the Mt. 
 Pleasant Convention of October, 1880, to read: 
 ''Alumnae chapters shall have power to transact any 
 business which does not in any way conflict with the 
 workings of the general organization." Alumnae chap- 
 ters, when organized, were at first given the name of 
 the parent chapter followed by Omega, but after the 
 Convention of 1882, these chapters were named with- 
 out regard to their origin, as, for instance, the first 
 
 129 
 
130 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 chapter chartered, being the Fairfield Chapter, became 
 Beta Omega, the second, at Mt. Pleasant, was Gamma 
 Omega, etc. 
 
 Early in 1882, a society was formed in Des Moines, 
 Iowa, composed entirely of alumnaa, and existed as an 
 independent alumnse club until February 6, 1893, when 
 it received a charter from the Grand Council, as 
 Lambda Omega, just previous to the organization of 
 the National Alumnag Association. This chapter, or 
 club, was carefully organized, including among its 
 members a number of our active workers of to-day. 
 They held regular meetings and devoted their time to 
 literary study, Fraternity interests and social affairs 
 until they were merged into the new National Alumnae 
 Association. The fact that this was the last alumnse 
 chapter and was given the name Lambda leads us to 
 believe there might have been nine Omega, or alumnge 
 chapters, but we find record of only the following : 
 
 (1) FAIRFIELD, Iowa, chartered October 12, 1882, 
 under the name of Beta Omega. This chapter also ad- 
 mitted to membership college women not initiated I. (Vs. 
 
 (2) MT. PLEASANT, Iowa, chartered in September, 
 1884, as Gamma Omega, and was composed entirely of 
 Pi Phi members from the Iowa Wesleyan College. 
 " Iowa Alpha, our oldest chapter, separated its mem- 
 bers into active and inactive (or alumnae) chapters 
 when the active chapter, or members living in Mt. 
 Pleasant, exceeded thirty in number." The overflow 
 became members of Gamma Omega. 
 
 (3) IOWA CITY, Iowa, was chartered September 12, 
 1884, as Delta Omega, and was a strong alumnae asso- 
 
Lila Rurkhardt-Lardner. 
 
ALUMNA ORGANIZATIONS 131 
 
 elation until 1893, when it went into the National Asso- 
 ciation. With one exception this chapter was composed 
 entirely of alumnae from Iowa State University, Iowa 
 Zeta. 
 
 (4) LAWRENCE, Kansas, was granted a charter in 
 November, 1884, and was composed entirely of I. C.'s 
 graduated from the Kansas State University. This 
 chapter disbanded the following year. 
 
 The records of the time of these alumnae organizations 
 show that they were very active at home and in the 
 general conventions, and retained the old Fraternity 
 enthusiasm and loyalty which later made the alumna 
 the stronghold of the national organization. 
 
 In one of the early volumes of the Arrow, about this 
 time, is an article written by Anna E. Ross (Clark) of 
 Des Moines, under the heading " Relation of Pi Beta 
 Phi to the Inactive Member." from which the following 
 is quoted : "I use the word inactive, from the lack 
 of a more appropriate term, to apply to those sisters 
 who have at some time been faithful, active members 
 in chapter work, and who are still loyal to the wine and 
 blue, but who, from remoteness to a chapter, are unable 
 to take an active part in its workings, and can be pres- 
 ent only in spirit and sympathy. There is a relation 
 existing between a chapter and its work and the retired 
 member of that chapter, and this relation is determined 
 chiefly by the one who no longer answers * here ' to the 
 chapter roll. If a sister imagines that upon graduation 
 she has discharged the last duty she owes to Pi Beta 
 Phi and her sisters, that from that time onward her 
 path is to be this way and the chapter's that, and that 
 
132 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 lier relations to the chapter are a memory only, she has 
 failed to understand the true meaning of friendship and 
 fraternity. If to the chapter she gives nothing she can 
 expect naught in return. The vows we made were not 
 for a day nor yet for a year, but for all time, and we 
 .are just as much Pi Phis to-day as we were when we 
 were active members of a chapter. Our work is differ- 
 ent; that is all. We served then an apprenticeship, 
 mow we have in life's great work to live the principles 
 -we have sworn to uphold and defend." 
 
 Previous to 1892, one of the standing committees ap- 
 pointed at convention had been the Alumnae Committee, 
 whose duties included " collecting addresses of alumnae, 
 organizing Pi Beta Phi Clubs, and doing general 
 .alumnae work/' On March 29, 1892, this committee 
 recommended to the Convention held at Lawrence 
 Ul that a general alumnae secretary be appointed to have 
 supervision of alumnae work," and Lillie S. Hazelton, 
 x)f Columbia Alpha, entered upon these duties the fol- 
 lowing August. This year was productive of great 
 alumnae activity in organizing Pi Phi alumnae clubs in 
 cities, and sending out circulars and " round robin " 
 letters among isolated members. 
 
 It had become clear to the Grand Counoil that the 
 only means for bringing the alumnae into closer touch 
 with active members, and to provide for a more general 
 moral and financial support, " would be to extend, or 
 reorganize the Fraternity in such a way that it would 
 touch the lives of the alumna at some vital point, and 
 make the work worth while for her to do, and it was 
 with such a plan in mind that the Grand President 
 
ALUMNJB ORGANIZATIONS 133 
 
 (Emma Harper Turner) sent out a circular in May, 
 1893, proposing the formation of an Alumnae Associa- 
 tion of Pi Beta Phi, to be composed of (a) alumnae 
 chapters and clubs and (6) alumnae corresponding mem- 
 bers." This circular stimulated thought, and delegates 
 and alumnae came to the next convention with well- 
 formed ideas for organization. 
 
 At a meeting held in the Isabella Club House, Chi- 
 cago, on Tuesday evening, July 18, 1893, the question 
 of organization was submitted to the alumnae for their 
 decision. " The question was a serious one, and in- 
 volved many vital considerations. There was no doubt 
 but what such an organization would have a great and 
 good influence on the undergraduates of the Fraternity. 
 Besides inspiring them by their example, the association 
 of older women in Fraternity work would give a dignity 
 and weight to the Fraternity which would never belong 
 to a mere college society. " Also " it was the crystalli- 
 zation of a well-developed conviction in the Fraternity 
 that alumnae relations would be best conserved and pro- 
 ductive of the most good through a definite, concrete 
 organization/' The subject had long been one of dis- 
 cussion at meetings and reunions, in correspondence, 
 and in the Arrow; finally a way for action was thor- 
 oughly prepared. 
 
 The inauguration took place under most favorable 
 circumstances: the largest convention the Fraternity 
 had ever held was then in session, enrolling a represen- 
 tative alumnae contingent. 
 
 " To maintain the Fraternity associations of Pi Beta 
 Phi alumnae and to secure their cooperation in the de- 
 
134 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 velopment of the Fraternity," was set forth as the ob- 
 ject of the association, and bearing in mind the varied 
 and busy lives of the alumnae to be served by the associ- 
 ation, a very simple form of government, without re- 
 quirements or demands, was adopted. The new organi- 
 zation was not covered by any provision of the Frater- 
 nity law, yet it must, if successful, become an important 
 factor in the general Fraternity welfare, and hence the 
 movement. The constitution and officers recommended 
 were submitted to the General Convention for action, 
 and were by it at once officially recognized and enthu- 
 siastically endorsed. 
 
 The first Council of officers consisted of : President, 
 Emma Harper Turner, Columbia Alpha; Vice-Presi- 
 dent, Mrs. Laura M. Light- Vance, Iowa Alpha; Secre- 
 tary, Effie June Scott (Franklin), Kansas Alpha; 
 Treasurer, Ina H. Payne (Newsom), Indiana Alpha; 
 Guide, Dr. Phoebe R. Norris, Columbia Alpha. 
 
 Immediately upon the formation of the National 
 Alumnas Association, state secretaries were appointed in 
 the principal Pi Phi strongholds, and the work of keep- 
 ing alive the old Fraternity spirit of comradeship and 
 love was launched. The first published list, October, 
 1893, shows an attempt to organize the alumnae in 
 Washington, D. C., Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, 
 Iowa, Kansas and Colorado, and a regular Alumnse De- 
 partment was scheduled in the Directory of the Frater- 
 nity in the Arrow. 
 
 The Second Convention was held in Boston, in 1895, 
 at the time of the General Convention, and elected the 
 following officers: President, Emma Harper Turner, 
 
ALUMNA ORGANIZATIONS 135 
 
 Columbia Alpha; Vice-President, Slide Weaver-Evans, 
 Iowa Epsilon; Secretary, Dr. Phoebe R. Norris, Colum- 
 bia Alpha; Treasurer, Sarah M. Sterrett, Iowa Alpha; 
 Marshal, Sarah F. Sparks, Columbia Alpha. 
 
 In 1896 the Alumnae Association voted to cooperate 
 with the Arrow Editor, and Mary S. Hutchinson (Con- 
 row), of Pennsylvania Alpha, was placed in charge of 
 the work, which she carried on with satisfactory results 
 until 1899. She was styled Alumnee Editor. 
 
 The Third Convention was held at Madison, Wiscon- 
 sin, on July 8, 1897, and resulted in the election of : 
 President, Miriam E. Prindle, Illinois Epsilon; Vice- 
 President, Mary Thompson-Ried, Michigan Beta; Sec- 
 retary, Mary Harris, Pennsylvania Beta; Treasurer, 
 Maud Hicks-Lamson, Iowa Gamma; Marshal, Alice 
 Pierce-Sylvester, Michigan Beta. 
 
 The Fourth Convention, held in Boulder, Colorado, in 
 August, 1899, elected the following Council : Presi- 
 dent, Fanny K. Read (Cook), of Michigan Beta; Vice- 
 President, Leila Lane-Smith, Michigan Alpha; Secre- 
 tary, Anna S. Hazelton, Columbia Alpha; Treasurer, 
 Gertrude Clark (Sober) -Church, Michigan Beta; Mar- 
 shal, Kate King-Bostwick, Michigan Alpha. 
 
 On July 4, 1901, the National Alumnae Association 
 petitioned the Biennial Convention, at Syracuse, N. Y., 
 through the Grand Council, and it was recommended 
 and presented by them, " That the Alumnae Association, 
 or the work now done by that body, become a part of 
 the general Fraternity organization, and that to the 
 duties of the Grand Yice-President be added those of 
 Alumnae Secretary, and that she be nominated by the 
 
136 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 alumnae; and that in each chapter to the duties of vice- 
 president be added those of chapter alumnae secretary." 
 On motion, this recommendation became a part of the 
 Constitution, and a salary of $50 per annum, which has 
 since been raised to $200, was authorized. 
 
 At this time the entire alumnae membership had been 
 card-catalogued by Florence Chase-Cass, of Michigan 
 Alpha, there being 11,000 entries made in the work 
 
 Since the consolidation of the Alumnae Association 
 Conventions with the National Biennial Conventions, 
 the following have been elected Grand Vice-Presidents, 
 and therefore presidents of the Alumnae Conventions, 
 which have occupied one session of each National Con- 
 vention : 
 
 1901, Fanny K. Reed (Cook), Michigan Beta. 
 
 1904, May Copeland-Reynolds (Drybread), Michigan 
 Alpha. 
 
 1906, May Copeland-Reynolds (Drybread), Michigan 
 Alpha. 
 
 1908, Cora E. Marlowe (Kerns), Minnesota Alpha. 
 
 1910, Anna Jackson-Brandon, Pennsylvania Alpha. 
 
 1912, Lida Burkhardt-Lardner, Colorado Beta. 
 
 " Emma Harper Turner was president of the 
 Alumnae Association from 1893 to 1897. As she had 
 been its inspiration, so likewise, during her term of of- 
 fice, she was its life, its heart, its soul. She was as 
 untiring in her work as she had been in her work for 
 the general Fraternity while at its head. Her succes- 
 sors have ably carried on the work she began. " 
 
"Love feels n*o burden, thinks nothing of trouble, at- 
 tempts what is above its strength, pleads no excuse of 
 impossibility; for it thinks all things lawful for itself 
 and all things possible." A'KEMPIS. 
 
~ 
 <| 
 
CHAPTER IX 
 
 ALUMNAE CLUBS 
 
 THE national strength of a fraternity may be shown 
 by its organizations of alumnae as well as by its active 
 college chapters. Pi Beta Phi has made provisions for 
 husbanding her alumnae strength by organizing and 
 chartering alumnae clubs in connection with her Alumnae 
 Department wherever ten or more members may be 
 found. 
 
 The six province vice-presidents, elected at Conven- 
 tion, and having the same districts as the province pres- 
 idents, have the general supervision of all alumnae in- 
 terests in their provinces, and are responsible to the 
 Fraternity, through the Grand Vice-President, for the 
 development of Pi Phi activities of those under them. 
 They are representatives at convention, but have no 
 votes. 
 
 The Statutes of Pi Beta Phi stipulate " that every 
 alumnae club shall hold at least three meetings a year; 
 one of which shall be devoted to the interests of the 
 nearest chapter or chapters, one to the study of the 
 Constitution, the historical documents and the yearly 
 examination questions, and one to the observance of 
 Founders' Day. These and all business meetings shall 
 be opened and closed with the Fraternity ritual." To 
 stimulate a closer bond and feeling of responsibility be- 
 
 139 
 
140 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 tween the active members and the elder sisters in the 
 alumnae " each alumnae club which is geographically 
 near enough to an active chapter to make it practicable 
 shall send a delegate to the chapter meeting at least once 
 a month and shall invite representatives from the active 
 chapter to attend alumnae club meetings," also " every 
 alumnae club president shall send annually to the Grand 
 Vice-President a letter covering the intimate points of 
 club work," and " every alumnae club secretary shall 
 send annually to the Alumnae Editor a report of the 
 year's work." Active membership in the Alumnae De- 
 partment is necessary to membership in an alumnae club. 
 " If practicable, every alumnae club shall send a repre- 
 sentative to the national convention, who shall have the 
 privilege of the floor, but no vote except on questions 
 pertaining to the work of the Alumnae Department." 
 
 From the day of our initiation into Pi Beta Phi it 
 has been impressed upon us that our vows taken then 
 were not alone for college days but for as long as we 
 live. Said Emerson: " Within every man's thoughts 
 is a higher thought; within the character he exhibits 
 to-day a higher character; " and so " Pi Phi pledges her 
 kindliest and best efforts toward making a part of the 
 visible woman this best part." 
 
 To-day, we have sixty-seven clubs over the country, 
 as follows: 
 
 AMES ALUMNAE CLUB, Ames, Iowa, was organized in 
 September, 1901, being at its inception purely social. 
 Later, it took as its mission the reestablishing of Iowa 
 Gamma, which was accomplished in 1906. Since that 
 time its meetings have been devoted to Pi Phi interests, 
 
ALUMNJE CLUBS 141 
 
 and recently to assisting the Ames Chapter in planning 
 and building their new Chapter House upon the campus 
 and working for the Pi Beta Phi Settlement School. It 
 meets quarterly at luncheons, followed by business. It 
 was chartered February 17, 1913, and has twenty-three 
 working members. Mrs. E. B. Bush (Edna Everett), 
 706 Clark Avenue, Ames, Iowa, is secretary. 
 
 ANN ARBOR ALUMNAE CLUB, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 
 was chartered April 17, 1913, by Dora Payne-Roth, 
 Katherine Tower-Barnes, Mary Snow-Case, Lucy Par- 
 ker-Huber, Rebecca Downey- White, Lora Wright-Lewis, 
 Emma Hynes-Riggs, Faith Gilbert-Parker, Lida Van 
 Horn White-Miller and Marguerite White, all connected 
 with the University of Michigan. Though meetings of 
 Ann Arbor Pi Phis were held informally for a number 
 of years without a definite organization, since its char- 
 ter has been taken out it has become in a measure spon- 
 sor for Michigan Beta Chapter and assumed its share 
 of the responsibility of supporting the Pi Beta Phi Set- 
 tlement School. It has sixteen members. Mrs. H. E. 
 Riggs, 1319 Cambridge Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan, is 
 secretary. 
 
 ATHENS ALUMNAE CLUB, Athens, Ohio, was estab- 
 lished in December, 1901. Being located in a college 
 town, its interests are largely centered in the better- 
 ment of the local organizations, though it is keenly in- 
 terested in our national philanthropies. It meets 
 monthly in the evening. Virginia Bishop is secretary. 
 
 AUSTIN ALUMNAE CLUB, Austin, Texas, was estab- 
 lished in July, 1911, primarily for helping the active 
 chapter of Pi Beta Phi. It was chartered in March, 
 
142 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 1915, and has assumed all the obligations and duties of 
 a Pi Phi Alumnae Club. It has twenty members. Mrs. 
 William T. Caswell, 1502 West Avenue, is the secretary. 
 
 BALTIMORE ALUMNAE CLUB, Baltimore, Maryland. As 
 far back as 1899 we find alumnae members meeting in 
 Baltimore as a Pi Phi social club. In 1906 a regularly 
 established club was organized by Alice Wood, Lucy 
 Murray, May Keller, Esther Cox, Helen Tottle, Helen 
 Hull, Elizabeth Culver (Hazzard), Irene Fenton, 
 Blanche Reisinger and Edith Lewis. The meetings, held 
 monthly, alternating with Saturday afternoon luncheons 
 and Friday evening meetings, are devoted to the inter- 
 ests of the active chapter at Goucher, to the Pi Beta 
 Phi Settlement School in Gatlinburg, Tennessee, home 
 philanthropy and social pleasure. One member from 
 this club, Blanche G. Reisinger, 235 East Lafay- 
 ette Avenue, has managed a magazine subscription 
 agency for the benefit of the Settlement School, from 
 which over $100 profit was realized this past year. 
 There are thirty-two resident Pi Phis in Baltimore, of 
 whom sixteen are active workers in the alumnae club. 
 Molly W. Wood, Chestnut Avenue and 31st Street, is 
 secretary of the club. 
 
 BOSTON ALUMNAE CLUB, Boston, Massachusetts, was 
 organized on November 9, 1901, by the following Massa- 
 chusetts Alpha alumnae : Ida Hodge-Benjamin, Ethel 
 Bancroft-Bicknell, Nettie Dodge-Chapman, Elizabeth 
 Coats, Avice Williams-Kent, Mae Lawrence, Martha 
 Luther, Winifred Hill-Maxfield, Mary McFall, Anna 
 Robinson-Nickerson and Jennie L. Ray. The club meets 
 regularly on the second Saturday of each month and is 
 
Burlington Hospital and Pi Beta Phi Room. 
 
ALUMISLE CLUBS 143 
 
 usually attended by members from the active chapter. 
 A committee of two serve as hostesses at each meeting. 
 The work of the club during the past year has been aid- 
 ing the active chapter by taking charge of the Frater- 
 nity home, renting a modern apartment and furnishing 
 it. Next year the work of the club will also include 
 furnishing the guest chamber at the Pi Phi Settlement 
 School in Tennessee. In this club a scholarship cup has 
 been awarded each year to the highest ranking Pi Phi 
 in the sophomore class at Boston University. Boston 
 has ninety-five Pi Phi alumnae, of whom forty-one be- 
 long to the alumna? club. Bertha A. Carr, 180 Long- 
 wood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, is the correspond- 
 ing secretary. 
 
 BOULDER ALUMNAE CLUB, Boulder, Colorado, was 
 organized November 22, 1909, by resident Colorado 
 Alpha alumnae in the interest of the active chapter, the 
 national alumnae and general philanthropy. This club 
 has fifteen active workers. Mrs. Paul M. Dean, 1931 
 Hill Street, Boulder, Colorado, is secretary. 
 
 BURLINGTON ALUMNAE CLUB, Burlington, Iowa, was 
 established in May, 1906, through the efforts of Jessie 
 Donnell-Thomas, Iowa Alpha, Bertha Poehler-Bland, 
 Kansas Alpha, Edna Uhler-Gilman, Illinois Beta, and 
 Alta Dutton, Iowa Alpha, and was chartered in 1907. 
 This club founded and maintained the Pi Beta Phi 
 Room in the Burlington Hospital, gives generously to 
 philanthropy and the Settlement School, and has up- 
 held enthusiastically the traditions of Pi Beta Phi, hav- 
 ing among her members many of our oldest alumnae. It 
 has twenty-two members. Katherine A. Lundgren, 115 
 
144 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 North Gunnison Street, Burlington, Iowa, is the secre- 
 tary. 
 
 BURLINGTON ALUMNAE CLUB, Burlington, Vermont, 
 was first established on March 8, 1906, reorganized Jan- 
 uary 28, 1914, and chartered April 6, 1914, with the 
 following charter members : Daisy Russel-Drew, Amy 
 Metcalf, Maude Chaffee, Jennie Rowell, Mabel Balch, 
 Helen Barton-Tuttle, Sylvia Warren, Ruth Gregory, 
 Ruth Catlin, Bertha Coventry, Helen Durfee, Alta 
 Grismer, Amy Wheeler and Blanche Bostwick. This 
 club offers a prize to the active chapter for the highest 
 mark in Fraternity examinations. It meets monthly 
 and devotes its time to work for the local chapter of 
 Pi Beta Phi, the Settlement School and Constitution 
 requirements. It has fourteen working members. Ruth 
 Durfee, 128 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, Vermont, 
 is the secretary. 
 
 CARTHAGE ALUMNAE CLUB, Carthage, Illinois, was or- 
 ganized in 1905, but was composed of so few members 
 it did not accomplish much in a useful way until its 
 reorganization in 1911. It became a chartered club of 
 Pi Beta Phi on December 4, 1914. It is deeply inter- 
 ested in civic work in its home town, and through one 
 of its members, Ella Ferris-Scofield, has succeeded in 
 establishing the Municipal Boys' Work in Carthage, 
 and another member, Mrs. Adda Williams, secured 
 pledges for $1800 to assist in maintaining this work. 
 These two Pi Phis, ably supported by other workers, 
 have established the Y. M. C. A. in Carthage. Although 
 a small club, it has held its regular meetings with profit 
 and done its share liberally toward Pi Phi philanthro- 
 
ALUMNJE CLUBS 145 
 
 pies. It has an active membership of only nine. Mrs. 
 R. E. Scofield, 502 Locust Street, Carthage, Illinois, is 
 the secretary. 
 
 CARLISLE ALUMNAE CLUB, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, is 
 a small, unchartered club, devoting its work and time 
 tx> the interest of the active chapter at Carlisle. Julia 
 Morgan is the secretary. 
 
 CENTRAL ILLINOIS ALUMNAE CLUB, at Champaign, 
 Illinois, was established in December, 1912, and char- 
 tered in March, 1913. It works for the interest of the 
 Pi Phi chapter Illinois Zeta, at Champaign, and Settle- 
 ment School in the Tennessee mountains. One of its 
 members, Dell Gillette (Morgan), was the first Pi Phi 
 teacher in the Pi Phi Settlement School. This club has 
 fourteen working members. Mrs. George Fairclo is the 
 secretary. 
 
 CHICAGO ALUMNAE CLUB, Chicago, Illinois, was first 
 organized on March 30, 1898, and reorganized on No- 
 vember 25, 1904, by members of the Fraternity from 
 Illinois Delta, Illinois Epsilon, Illinois Zeta, Iowa Al- 
 pha, Iowa Beta, Iowa Theta, Michigan Alpha, Michigan 
 Beta, Pennsylvania Alpha and Kansas Alpha Chapters. 
 Has held six regular meetings during the year, having 
 rooms for same in the Chicago College Club, Stevens' 
 Building. Is the largest alumnae club in the country 
 with its one hundred and six active members, and has 
 had the management of the Pi Beta Phi Settlement 
 School, Gatlinburg, Tennessee, since July, 1912. It re- 
 ceived its charter in 1911. Mrs. 0. M. Schantz, 5215 
 West 24th Street, Cicero, Illinois, is the secretary. 
 
 CINCINNATI ALUMNAE CLUB, Cincinnati, Ohio, was or- 
 
146 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 ganized on April 2, 1910, by Susannah Miles-Kinsey, 
 Gertrude Hancox-Carman, Stella Koons and Lucy Mur- 
 dock. With only fourteen members, this club repre- 
 sents nine different chapters. It meets four times a year 
 and has worked and accomplished much for the support 
 of the Pi Phi work in the Appalachian Mountains. It 
 was chartered in 1911. Mrs. J. Ernest Carman, 2346 
 Ohio Avenue, Cincinnati, is the secretary. 
 
 CLEVELAND ALUMNAE CLUB, Cleveland, Ohio, was or- 
 ganized on November 2, 1907, by Marie Bellows-McNitt, 
 California Alpha, May Copeland (Reynolds) Drybread, 
 Michigan Alpha, and Eva Glass-Lovell, Iowa Zeta, and 
 was chartered in May, 1913. It meets monthly at the 
 home of one of its members for luncheon, which is in 
 charge of three members, and is followed by business and 
 work. This club gives strong support, both moral and 
 financial, to the Settlement School, and is active in lit- 
 erary and philanthropic work at home. It has twenty 
 .active members. Mrs. Stanton Charlesworth, 9707 
 Hollingsworth Court, Cleveland, is secretary. 
 
 COLUMBIA ALUMNAE CLUB, of Columbia, Missouri, 
 was originally organized as the Missouri Alpha Alumnae 
 Club, but in 1914 became the Columbia Alumnae Club. 
 It has ten members and has assumed the responsibility 
 of raising funds for building a Chapter House for the 
 Missouri Alpha Pi Phis at the University of Missouri. 
 Mrs. Jesse Snyder, 210 Hicks Avenue, is the secretary. 
 
 COLUMBUS ALUMNAE CLUB, of Columbus, Ohio, was 
 organized on August 17, 1901, and chartered in May, 
 1913. It meets the first Thursday in every month, at 
 ^six o'clock, at the homes of its members, for supper, 
 
ALUMNJE CLUBS 147 
 
 which is in charge of the hostess and four assistants. 
 Its prime interest is in the local chapter of Pi Beta Phi. 
 Of the forty-seven alumnas residents of Columbus, 
 thirty-two belong to this club. Earnestine Ball, 565 
 East Broad Street, Columbus, is the secretary. 
 
 DALLAS ALUMNAE CLUB, of Dallas, Texas, is one of 
 the youngest alumnae clubs, having been chartered Feb- 
 ruary 8, 1915, with a small but earnest membership, 
 working together in the name and spirit of Pi Beta Phi. 
 Edith Daniel, 2205 Live Oak Avenue, Dallas, is the 
 secretary. 
 
 DECATUR ALUMNAE CLUB, Decatur, Illinois, was or- 
 ganized in April, 1912, and chartered May 4, 1914. It 
 meets monthly, working with the active Pi Phis of 
 James Millikin University to raise funds for building 
 a Chapter House and home. This club has shown a 
 deep interest in the Settlement School and local char- 
 itable work. It has twenty-four working members. 
 Mrs. C. R. Dick, 440 West Macon Street, is the secre- 
 tary. 
 
 DENVER ALUMNAE CLUB, Denver, Colorado, was es- 
 tablished in 1898. From the seventy-five resident 
 alumnae this club draws thirty active members. Owing 
 to the proximity of the University of Denver this club 
 devotes its meetings and work to assisting and planning 
 for the active Pi Phis at home. It is also much inter- 
 ested in the work of Pi Phi in the South, and all Fra- 
 ternity enterprises. Mary Morse, 1347 High Street, is 
 the secretary. 
 
 DES MOINES ALUMNAE CLUB, of Des Moines, Iowa, 
 was organized and established in 1894 by Anna Ross- 
 
148 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 Clark, Iowa Lambda (Callanan), May Broadhead- Wal- 
 lace, Iowa Gamma, and Lizzie Case-Howe. It was char- 
 tered December 1, 1912. It holds its meetings monthly 
 at the home of one of its members and is mainly of a 
 social character, though it has done much for the Settle- 
 ment School and general benevolence. This club issues 
 and sells a neat seal a diminutive Pi Beta Phi coat- 
 of-arms for the benefit of the Settlement School. It 
 has forty-eight members. Mrs. C. H. Clarke, 1510 9th 
 Street, Des Moines, is the secretary. 
 
 DETROIT ALUMNAE CLUB, Detroit, Michigan, was es- 
 tablished October 10, 1901, by the following eleven Pi 
 Phis: Harriet Beard, Mary Anderson, Margaret 
 Cousin-Robertson, Frances Foster, Clara Foster-Ram- 
 sey, Mary Thompson-Reid, Leonore Smith- Wilson, Mil- 
 dred Smith-Carter, Helen Wattles and Joanna Hemp- 
 sted, all of Michigan Beta, and Elizabeth Gamble, of 
 Ohio Alpha, and chartered March 6, 1914. It holds 
 regular meetings of a social nature and is especially in- 
 terested in the welfare of Michigan Beta Active Chap- 
 ter at Ann Arbor. The Detroit Alumnae Club has 
 twenty-two members. Irene McFadden, 831 3d Avenue, 
 Detroit, is the secretary. 
 
 FAYETTEVILLE ALUMNAE CLUB, Fayetteville, Arkan- 
 sas, is the youngest Pi Phi alumna3 club, having been 
 established and chartered in April, 1915, with sixteen 
 members. The organization was effected to better work 
 for the Settlement School and Arkansas Alpha Chapter 
 of Pi Beta Phi at the University of Arkansas. Mildred 
 Gregg, 129 East Dixon Street, Fayetteville, Arkansas, is 
 secretary. 
 
Beta Phi Room, Cottage Hospital, Galesburg, Illinois. 
 
ALUMNJS CLUBS 149 
 
 FRANKLIN ALUMNAE CLUB, Franklin, Indiana, was 
 organized in 1893 by the resident alumna? and chartered 
 in April, 1908. It devotes its meetings to the interests 
 of the active chapter, the Settlement School and national 
 affairs of Pi Beta Phi. Two members, Edith Wilson 
 and Marie Ditmars, have taught at our Settlement 
 School in Tennessee. The club meets monthly at lunch- 
 eon, followed by business and work. It has twenty-eight 
 members. Frances M. Dean, 198 East Madison Street, 
 Franklin, is secretary. 
 
 GALESBURG ALUMNAE CLUB, Galesburg, Illinois, was 
 first established in 1885, reorganized in 1903, but ex- 
 isted for a year only. In 1906 it was again established, 
 and chartered February 8, 1915, holding meetings on 
 the first Saturday of each month. It has a regular at- 
 tendance of between sixty and seventy Pi Phis, consist- 
 ing of alumnae and active members from the local chap- 
 ters at Lombard and Knox Colleges. This club main- 
 tains a room in the Galesburg Hospital and handsomely 
 supports the Settlement School in Tennessee. Mrs. 
 Henry Lass is secretary. 
 
 HILLSDALE ALUMNAE CLUB, of Hillsdale, Michigan, is 
 composed of the resident Pi Phis of Hillsdale, Michigan. 
 It was first organized in the Fall of 1906 and was char- 
 tered February 7, 1914. It has sixteen members and 
 devotes its meetings to the constitutional requirements, 
 helping the active chapter and helping materially in 
 carrying on the settlement work in Tennessee. It fur- 
 nished Leah Stock, a volunteer worker, to the school in 
 1914. Gladys J. Dibble is secretary. 
 
 HOUSTON ALUMNAE CLUB, of Houston, Texas, was 
 
150 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 chartered in 1912. This club is purely a social one, 
 bringing Pi Phis, away from the college atmosphere, 
 together to keep alive the interests and ideals of Pi Beta 
 Phi. It welcomes visiting Pi Phis and takes a lively in- 
 terest in local and national philanthropies. Mrs. Rod- 
 man Cosby, 2308 Genesee Avenue, is secretary. 
 
 INDIANAPOLIS ALUMNAE CLUB, Indianapolis, Indiana, 
 was established in 1900 through the efforts of Emily 
 Helming, Fay Shover, Lelia Kennedy-Galpin, Ethel 
 Curry er, Ethel Roberts-Loop and Gertrude McCollum- 
 Moorhead, and was chartered in 1915. Its meetings are 
 preceded by a luncheon, and the afternoons are occupied 
 with sewing or other planned work, and generally a 
 travel talk by some member or guest. The club meets 
 every month, has thirty-three members, and is a staunch 
 friend of the Settlement School and several local chari- 
 ties. Blessing Rassmann, 17 North Arsenal Avenue, 
 Indianapolis, is secretary. 
 
 INDIANOLA ALUMNAE CLUB, Indianola, Iowa, was 
 holding meetings as long ago as 1901, though the earli- 
 est record gives the date as September 13, 1907. It was 
 chartered in January, 1913. The club holds monthly 
 meetings, of a semi-social nature, and keeps in close 
 touch with Pi Phi doings through an actively interested 
 membership of eighteen alumnse, the majority of whom 
 date their active days back many years. This club is 
 keenly interested in the Settlement School, having fur- 
 nished the prizes in 1914 to the members of the Tomato 
 Club at Gatlinburg. Mrs. E. A. Jenner is secretary. 
 
 IOWA CITY ALUMNAE CLUB, Iowa City, Iowa, was es- 
 tablished in October, 1905, and chartered in 1909. The 
 
ALUMNAE CLUBS 151 
 
 club holds itself responsible for the rent of the active 
 Chapter House and takes a warm interest in the Pi Phis 
 at the Iowa State University, also in the Pi Beta Phi 
 Settlement School and local charities. It has eleven 
 members and meets once a month. Mrs. H. F. Wick- 
 ham, 911 Iowa Avenue, is the secretary. 
 
 KANSAS CITY ALUMNAE CLUB, Kansas City, Kansas, 
 was established in May, 1900, through the influence and 
 efforts of Nell Taylor, of Kansas Alpha, and was char- 
 tered in February, 1913. Its meetings are monthly, pre- 
 ceded by a luncheon, presided over by the hostess and 
 three assistants. Thirty-five members are included in 
 its active list, and its work is mainly social and devoted 
 to local charities. Constance Fennel, 931 Cleveland 
 Avenue, Kansas City, Missouri, is the secretary. 
 
 LAWRENCE ALUMNAE CLUB, Lawrence, Kansas, was 
 organized December 17, 1898, and chartered April 2, 
 1915. It meets quarterly and has fifty active alumnae 
 members. The club, with the active Pi Phis in the Uni- 
 versity, has formed the " Kansas Association of Pi Beta 
 Phi " for the building, management and keeping up the 
 Chapter House. This club supports the Lucinda Smith- 
 Buchan Scholarship, which is open to any girl in the 
 University. Adrienne Atkinson, 829 Mississippi Street, 
 is the secretary. 
 
 LEWISBURG ALUMNAE CLUB, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, 
 was established and chartered on November 3, 1908, by 
 the resident Pi Phis, through the influence of Irene 
 Fenton-Clinger, Maryland Alpha, of the Baltimore 
 Alumnae Club. It meets monthly, with twelve members, 
 who act as " big sisters " to the active Pi Phis and also 
 
152 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 do much in civic, literary and charity work. Mrs. Frank 
 Clinger, Milton, Pennsylvania, is the secretary. 
 
 LARAMIE ALUMNAE CLUB, Laramie, Wyoming, was or- 
 ganized and chartered on April 17, 1913, primarity for 
 organized assistance to the local chapter of Pi Beta Phi. 
 Mrs. R. P. Gottschalk, Box 347 Laramie, Wyoming, is 
 the secretary. 
 
 LINCOLN ALUMNAE CLUB, of Lincoln, Nebraska, was 
 organized in 1899 and chartered in September, 1914. 
 This club has eighteen enthusiastic members, who look 
 after the Nebraska Beta Chapter at the University of 
 Nebraska, and are active in their support of the Pi Beta 
 Phi Settlement School at Gatlinburg as well as in na- 
 tional Fraternity affairs over the country. Recently this 
 club bought and presented to the home chapter silver 
 for their dining-room. Mary Spalding, 2221 Sheridan 
 Boulevard, Lincoln, is the secretary. 
 
 LOUISIANA ALPHA ALUMNAE CLUB, New Orleans, 
 Louisiana, was established January 24, 1905. It has 
 eighty-five members and devotes its meetings to the in- 
 terests of Louisiana Alpha and her alumnae. Mrs. J. 
 Blanc Monroe, 1424 Louisiana Avenue, New Orleans, 
 Louisiana, is the secretary. 
 
 LOUISVILLE ALUMNAE CLUB, Louisville, Kentucky, was 
 organized in the winter of 1912, and owing to its prox- 
 imity to the Pi Beta Phi Settlement School has been 
 deeply and actively interested in its development and 
 success. It has twelve members. Mrs. Fred L. Koontz, 
 2814 Baxter Avenue, Louisville, Kentucky, is the sec- 
 retary. 
 
 Los ANGELES ALUMNAE CLUB, Los Angeles, Califor- 
 
S- r-7. 
 
ALUMNAE CLUBS 153 
 
 nia, was organized January 12, 1901, and chartered De- 
 cember 13, 1906. This club is composed of Pi Phis from 
 many chapters, and is a wide-awake, progressive club. 
 It has about one hundred members. Mrs. Warren 
 Smith, 122 North Oxford Street, Los Angeles, is the 
 secretary. 
 
 MADISON ALUMNAE CLUB, Madison, Wisconsin, was 
 established on June 23, 1900, but disbanded later, and 
 in 1907 was reorganized and chartered. This club meets 
 monthly and has been of material strength and backing 
 to the local chapter of Pi Beta Phi and the Settlement 
 School in Tennessee. It has twenty-two members. Mrs. 
 W. H. P. Peterson, 1726 Van Hise Avenue, is secretary. 
 
 MINNEAPOLIS AND ST. PAUL ALUMNAE CLUB was estab- 
 lished November 24, 1906, by members of Minnesota 
 Alpha, and chartered in 1909. It meets every month 
 and has helped to raise funds for the new University 
 of Minnesota Pi Phi Chapter House, also for the new 
 residence for teachers at the Pi Beta Phi Settlement 
 School at Gatlinburg, Tennessee. One member of this 
 club is upon the Chapter House Finance Committee, 
 one upon the Scholarship Committee, one upon the 
 House Rules Committee, and one alumna is present at 
 every chapter meeting. It has a working membership 
 of thirty-five members and is one of our strongest 
 alumnae clubs. Aimee W. Fisher, 2019 Kenwood Park- 
 way, Minneapolis, is the secretary. 
 
 MT. PLEASANT ALUMNAE CLUB, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, 
 was established in 1894 by alumnae of the Fraternity 
 living in Mt. Pleasant, and chartered in 1915. It has 
 thirty members, meets monthly, and renders valuable 
 
154 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 service to the home chapter, to the Settlement School 
 and to local charities. It has among its members many 
 old I. C. alumnae and is a progressive, wide-awake club. 
 Mrs. Calvin McCoid is the secretary. 
 
 NEW YORK ALUMNAE CLUB, New York, New York, 
 was organized November 8, 1902, and chartered in June, 
 1907. It meets on the first Saturday of each month at 
 the home of one of its members. At the Founders' Day 
 luncheon this year, at the Hotel McAlpin, thirty-one 
 chapters of Pi Phis were represented. This club has 
 fifty-seven working members and is keenly alive to all 
 Pi Phi interests, supporting the Settlement School in 
 the South liberally. The plans for the new teachers ' 
 residence under way at Gatlinburg, Tennessee, is the 
 gift of the Misses Wilson of this club. The secretary is 
 Elmina Wilson, 452 West 149th Street, New York City. 
 
 NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ALUMNAE CLUB, Berkeley, Cal- 
 ifornia, was established first as the Berkeley Alumnse 
 Club in September, 1907, by California Beta alumnaa. 
 It was chartered December 13, 1913, and during the 
 past year has been actively engaged in making provi- 
 sions for entertaining the 23d National Biennial Con- 
 vention of Pi Beta Phi. Mrs. David Babcock, 905 Con- 
 tra Costa Avenue, Berkeley, is the secretary. 
 
 NORTHERN NEW YORK ALUMNAE CLUB, Canton, New 
 York, was organized with fourteen members under May 
 L. Keller's direction on March 21, 1914, and chartered 
 May 8, 1914. It meets monthly and is a strong help to 
 the new local chapter of Pi Beta Phi. Dorothy Cleave- 
 land, Canton, New York, is the secretary. 
 
 OKLAHOMA ALUMNAE CLUB, Oklahoma City, Olda- 
 
ALUMNJE CLUBS 155 
 
 homa, was founded on April 28, 1911, by Mary Camp- 
 bell, Elizabeth McMillan, Nellie Johnson, Erma Rash, 
 Carolyn Wynn Ledbetter, Laura Gray-Hoyt and Emma 
 P. Noble. Its meetings are mainly of a social nature, 
 except for complying with the requirements of the Pi 
 Phi Constitution. C. Wynn Ledbetter, 327 Park Place, 
 Oklahoma City, is secretary. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA ALUMNAE CLUB, Philadelphia, was es- 
 tablished on May 25, 1901, by Eloise Schuyler, Mary C. 
 Johnson-Griffith, Ethel Griest-Snyder and Deborah L. 
 Ferrier, and was chartered in 1902. This club meets 
 monthly, and its fifty-two members have been active in 
 past years in helping with sewing and linen the Ken- 
 sington Hospital for Women, also the active chapter at 
 Swarthmore College, in the Big Sister Movement and 
 the Settlement School in Tennessee. A loving-cup is 
 offered annually for scholarship in the local college. 
 Edith S. Bunting, Chester, Pennsylvania, is the secre- 
 tary. 
 
 PITTSBURGH ALUMNAE CLUB, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, 
 was established in the Spring of 1907 through the ef- 
 forts of Anna Spears and Mary Loose, and was char- 
 tered in 1909. The members are scattered over an area 
 covering forty miles. They meet monthly, and besides 
 devoting certain meetings to Fraternity study and in- 
 terests, sew for a hospital and work for funds for the 
 Pi Phi Settlement School. In 1916 it will give the com- 
 plete furnishings of one of the bedrooms of the Settle- 
 ment School Teachers' residence. It has fourteen mem- 
 bers. Mrs. H. E. McWhinney, 133 East 9th Avenue, 
 Homestead, Pennsylvania, is the secretary. 
 
156 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 PORTLAND ALUMNAE CLUB, Portland, Oregon, first 
 met in May, 1913, for informal Pi Phi reunions, but in 
 June an organization was effected, and a charter taken 
 out in May, 1914. Being near no active chapter, its 
 meetings are generally social and semi informal and de- 
 voted to keeping alive the spirit and love of Pi Phi. It 
 has ten members. Mrs. J. C. Monteith, 520 Davenport 
 Street, Portland, Oregon, is the secretary. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND ALUMNAE CLUB was established April 
 8, 1911, by Carrie Provan-Crowell, Helen D. Barrett, 
 Margaret Mathison-Poole, Bertha M. Kelsey, Edith Car- 
 penter and Laura Russell Gibbs, and was chartered in 
 November, 1911. While the members of this small club 
 are scattered over this smallest state of the Union, they 
 meet three times each year and are wide awake in their 
 interest in Pi Phi, each member being an active worker 
 for the support of our Fraternity Settlement School. 
 The club membership to-day is confined to five mem- 
 bers. Mrs. I. C. Poole, 204 High Street, Fall River, 
 Massachusetts, is the secretary. 
 
 ROCHESTER ALUMNAE CLUB, Rochester, New York, 
 was organized on January 24, 1914, and chartered 
 March 1, 1914. It meets monthly and is more social in 
 its nature than working, though it takes a deep interest 
 in everything connected with Pi Phi and bears its pro- 
 portional burden of the Pi Phi Settlement School. It 
 has eighteen mpmbers, and Florence E. Ford, 189 
 Plymouth Avenue, Rochester, New York, is the secre- 
 tary. 
 
 Sioux CITY ALUMNAE CLUB, Sioux City, Iowa, was 
 organized April 28, 1914, with the following charter 
 
ALUMN.E CLUBS 157 
 
 members: Louise Cody, Helen Struble, Grace Hamil- 
 ton, Mae Belle Alstrand-Anderson, Minnie Ely-Farr, 
 Harriet Wright-Currey, Mary Byrkit-Crouch, Alma 
 Brown, Cora Colbert-Derthiek, Mary Weiley-Frost, 
 Marie Keefer, Florence Benson-Bristol, Clarice Lytle, 
 Jessie A. Matson and Velma Farwell-Smith. It has fif- 
 teen members, and meets every month at the homes of 
 its members. It was chartered in 1915. Clarice Lytle 
 is the secretary. 
 
 Sioux FALLS ALUMNAE CLUB, Sioux Falls, South Da- 
 kota, was organized on January 31, 1914, primarily 
 through the aid of Mrs. Ella Cummings-Grefe, of Iowa, 
 for pleasure and to plan and work for supporting the 
 Pi Phi Settlement School. Grace McKinnon, 516 West 
 12th Street, is the secretary. 
 
 SEATTLE ALUMNAE CLUB, Seattle, Washington, was 
 organized on September 15, 1906, under the name of 
 the Puget Sound Alumnae Club, through the efforts of 
 Roberta Frye-Watt, Maryland Alpha, who brought the 
 alumnae together at the time the Kappa Tau Tau mem- 
 bers were working for a Pi Phi charter. It was char- 
 tered in 1907 and to-day is one of our most active and 
 strongest clubs, having fifty members. Marion L. Frye, 
 618 Terry Avenue, Seattle, Washington, is the secre- 
 tary. 
 
 ST. JOSEPH ALUMNAE CLUB, St. Joseph, Missouri, was 
 established in October, 1909, by Marianna Schultz-Jones, 
 Letitia Vance-Wood, Marjorie Adriance and Mildred 
 White, and chartered the following year. It meets 
 every month in the year and is active in home charity 
 work, also Y. M. C. A. work and supporting the Pi Phi 
 
158 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 Settlement School. It has ten members. Letitia Wood, 
 Krag Park Place, St. Joseph, Missouri, is secretary. 
 
 ST. Louis ALUMNAE CLUB, St. Louis, Missouri, was 
 established on February 20, 1910, by Amanda Becker- 
 Montague, Olive Williams-Crosby, Julia Griswold, 
 Emma Bettis, Sarah Thomas, Amy Starbuck, Marguer- 
 ite Frazer and Virginia Harsh. This club is wide- 
 awake and active, devoting its meetings to the interests 
 of Pi Phi and charity support. Recently it furnished 
 one room in the new St. Louis Y. W. C. A. Building, 
 and sent its liberal contribution to the building fund of 
 the Pi Phi Settlement School residence. It has twenty- 
 five members and meets monthly. Edith W. Taylor, 
 5241 Maple Avenue, St. Louis, is secretary. 
 
 SPRINGFIELD ALUMNAE CLUB, Springfield, Missouri, 
 was organized on January 10, 1914, by Edith Baker, 
 Delta Province vice-president, and Ruth Hubbell, pri- 
 marily for the study of the Fraternity history and laws, 
 and to organize systematic work for the Settlement 
 School. It was chartered on February 7, 1914, and has 
 twenty working members. Mrs. John M. Sills, 434 Kim- 
 borough Street, Springfield, Missouri, is the secretary. 
 
 SPOKANE ALUMNAE CLUB, Spokane, Washington, was 
 chartered in September, 1914, to better keep in touch 
 with the active life of Pi Beta Phi and assist with the 
 upkeeping of the Pi Phi Settlement School in the South. 
 Bertha Bigelow, 103 Bridgeport Avenue, Spokane, is 
 the secretary. 
 
 SYRACUSE ALUMNAE CLUB, Syracuse, New York, was 
 in existence in October, 1898, though reorganized in 
 November, 1904, by the following New York Alpha 
 
ALUMNAE CLUBS 159 
 
 alumnae: Olive Reeve- Waite, Mabel Smith Taylor, 
 Leora Sherwood-Gray, Georgia Fulmer-Thayer, Julia 
 Talbott, Grace Huff, May Bliss, Alice Warner and 
 Louise Warfield, and chartered in 1906. This culb has 
 taken out incorporation papers for the purpose of 
 building and owning the New York Alpha Chapter 
 House, which was completed in November, 1911. It 
 meets monthly and has eighteen members. Mrs. L. A. 
 Howell, 622 Park Avenue, Syracuse, New York, is sec- 
 retary. 
 
 TOLEDO ALUMNAE CLUB, Toledo, Ohio, was first estab- 
 lished September 14, 1909, but not chartered until May 
 13, 1914. It meets monthly with ten members and has 
 proven itself an energetic and valuable club in its sup- 
 port of the Settlement School. Harriett A. Briggs, 2359 
 Warren Street, is the secretary. 
 
 TOPEKA ALUMNAE CLUB, of Topeka, Kansas, was first 
 established September 20, 1900, but owing to its mem- 
 bers removing from the city it was disbanded, and then 
 again established in July, 1914. It meets regularly, 
 though a small club. Mrs. Howard Campbell, 927 West- 
 ern Avenue, Topeka, is secretary. 
 
 TORONTO ALUMNAE CLUB, Toronto, Canada, was or- 
 ganized in 1909, by members of Ontario Alpha alumnae 
 particularly interested in developing the chapter life 
 and strength of the Pi Phi chapter at the University 
 of Toronto. It was chartered in October, 1912, and 
 meets monthly. It offers a silver loving-cup for scholar- 
 ship, to be competed for by the freshmen and sopho- 
 mores; keeps in touch with out-of-town alumnae by 
 means of a Round Robin, one in the Fall and one in 
 
160 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 the Spring; is active in philanthropy, and since the 
 European war has spent much of its time working for 
 the Canadian soldiers engaged in active service. M. 
 Gordon Lovell, 119 Madison Avenue, Toronto, Canada, 
 is the secretary. 
 
 TRI-CITY ALUMNAE CLUB, Davenport, Iowa, was or- 
 ganized April 27, 1914, by the following alumnae :- 
 Nancy Carroll, Leila Kemmerer, Sara D. Kemmerer, 
 Margaret Hansen, Lillian Noth, Evelyn Robberts, Kath- 
 ryn Robberts, all of Iowa Zeta, Edna Dart, Kansas Al- 
 pha, and Helene Brammer-Drummond, of Missouri Beta. 
 This club includes residents of Devenport, Rock Island 
 and Moline. The secretary is Leila Kemmerer, 803 West 
 14th Street, Davenport, Iowa. 
 
 TULSA ALUMNAE CLUB, Tulsa, Oklahoma, is one of 
 the smallest alumnae clubs on the roll, having but five 
 members, but they meet regularly and keep alive the 
 spirit and friendships in Pi Beta Phi, and do their best 
 to help the work of the Fraternity. Mrs. T. I. Monroe, 
 Seventh and Detroit Avenues, Tulsa, Oklahoma, is the 
 secretary. 
 
 WASHINGTON ALUMNAE CLUB, Washington, D. C., was 
 established October 2, 1893, and chartered December 6, 
 1913. It meets every month, afternoon meetings alter- 
 nating with evening meetings, and some special feature 
 or work is planned for each meeting. This club, being 
 the originator of the Settlement School idea, has as- 
 sumed an active responsibility for its support and pol- 
 icy. Two tea dances have been given for the benefit of 
 the School during the year, and each member has felt 
 a personal interest in making the Settlement School pro- 
 
ALUMNJB CLUBS 161 
 
 ductive of as great good as possible. Being in the home 
 city of Columbia Alpha, it has also had a general over- 
 sight and personal interest in the active Pi Phis of 
 Wasington and has helped substantially in furnishing 
 the chapter rooms. It has thirty members, and Rhoda 
 Watkins, 1429 Clifton Street, is the secretary. 
 
 WACO ALUMNAE CLUB, Waco, Texas, was organized 
 in the Spring of 1913, by Texas Alpha alumnae living in 
 Waco. It meets quarterly, complying with the require- 
 ments of the Constitution, and divides its time and sup- 
 port between the active chapter of Pi Beta Phi and the 
 Settlement School at Gatlinburg. Monette Colgin, 1902 
 Austin Street, Waco, is the secretary. 
 
 WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS ALUMNAE CLUB was estab- 
 lished February 19, 1910, by Grace Goodhue-Coolidge, 
 Vermont Beta, Anna J. Berry, Colorado Beta, Sarah 
 Pomeroy-Rugg, Massachusetts Alpha, Laura S. Clark, 
 Vermont Alpha, Grace Hayes, Vermont Beta, Beulah 
 Hayes, Vermont Beta, Annie Jones, Massachusetts Al- 
 pha, Helen Ames, Kansas Alpha, Florence Bastert, Illi- 
 nois Beta, Fannie Denio, New York Alpha, Louise Rich- 
 ardson, Massachusetts Alpha, Myrtle Mosier, Vermont 
 Alpha, Ruth Christesen, Washington Alpha, and Ethel 
 K. Cedarstrom, of Massachusetts Alpha, and chartered 
 in 1912. This club holds four meetings each year and 
 its prime object is to keep alive the Fraternity spirit 
 and in touch with current Pi Phi work and interests 
 among the Smith College students at Northampton and 
 the scattered Pi Phis of western Massachusetts. Amy 
 L. Wallon is secretary. 
 
 WOOSTER ALUMNAE CLUB, Wooster, Ohio, was origi- 
 
162 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 nally the Ohio Gamma Club, and organized when the 
 Wooster Chapter of Pi Beta Phi became inactive on 
 February 14, 1913. Its members are composed entirely 
 of Ohio Gamma alumnae, who come from far and near 
 three times each year to keep alive the friendships and 
 teachings of Pi Beta Phi. It was chartered in 1913 
 with thirty-seven members, twelve only of whom are 
 residents of Wooster. The reestablishing of fraternities 
 at Wooster University has been their hope, and the Set- 
 tlement School in Gatlinburg, Tennessee, their object of 
 labor. Ellen F. Boyer, 624 West Market Street, Orr- 
 ville, Ohio, is the secretary. 
 
 YORK ALUMNAE CLUB, of York, Nebraska, was organ- 
 ized in December, 1913, during the visit of Anne Stuart, 
 Grand Treasurer, with fifteen members. Hazel Thomp- 
 son is secretary, 
 
" To be what we are, and to become what we are capa- 
 ble of becoming, is the only end of life." STEVENSON. 
 
Initiates of Virginia Alplia. 
 
CHAPTER X 
 
 INCORPORATION 
 
 THE Convention of 1888 appointed an Incorporating 
 Committee composed of G. I. R. Ramie Adamson-Small, 
 of Illinois Beta, G. R. S. Emma Harper Turner, Indiana 
 Alpha, and Sude Weaver (Evans), Iowa Epsilon (Cal- 
 lanan), to which was added Emma Humphrey-Haddock, 
 LL. B., of Iowa Zeta, and Emily Brooks (Harrison), 
 of Minnesota Alpha. Under the able legal supervision 
 of Mrs. Haddock, the necessary data was gotten together 
 for incorporating Pi Beta Phi Fraternity. Then, with 
 the consent of the Grand Council, the power to incor- 
 porate was given over to a committee of Pi Beta Phi 
 residents of Galesburg, Illinois, composed of Elizabeth 
 L. Smith, Illinois Delta, Elizabeth Eaton-Brown, Illinois 
 Alpha, Grace Lass (Sisson), Illinois Delta, Alice C. 
 Stewart (Wolf), Illinois Delta, Lizzie Wigle (Ander- 
 son), Illinois Beta, Anna Ross (Lapham), Illinois Beta, 
 and Grace Harsh, Illinois Beta. On October 8, 1889, 
 the petition for a charter of incorporation was for- 
 warded to J. N. Pearson, Secretary of State of Illinois, 
 to be granted under the Act of the General Assembly, 
 entitled " An Act Concerning Corporations, " approved 
 April 18, 1872. On October 14, 1889, the Charter was 
 received from the Secretary of State, was duly recorded 
 in the Knox County records, and Pi Beta Phi became 
 
 165 
 
166 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 an incorporated body, with Mrs. Small, Emma Harper 
 Turner, Elva Plank and Lizzie Flagler directors for 
 the first year. This made her legally capable of suing 
 and being sued, owning property and entering into large 
 business negotiations, and gave her a much desired legal 
 standing. 
 
That love for one, from which there doth not spring 
 Wide love for all, is but a worthless thing." 
 
CHAPTER XI 
 
 GRAND OFFICERS 
 
 OFFICERS of ALPHA Chapter from 1867 to 1884 were 
 the Grand Officers of the entire organization : 
 
 1867. President, Emma Brownlee (Mrs. J. C. Kil- 
 gore) ; Secretary, Nannie Black (Mrs. Robert Wallace) ; 
 Treasurer, Maggie Campbell (Mrs. J. R. Hughes). 
 
 1868. President, Ada Bruen (Mrs. James A. Grier) ; 
 Secretary, Jennie Home (Mrs. Thomas B. Turnbull). 
 
 1870. President, Libbie Brook (Mrs. John H. Gad- 
 dis). 
 
 1872. President, Louise Carrithers (Mrs. J. H. Mor- 
 rison) ; Secretary, Emma Madden; Recording Secre- 
 tary, Mary Sterrett. 
 
 1878. President, Emma Patton (Mrs. C. M. Noble), 
 Iowa Beta. 
 
 1880. President, Lillie Cooper (Mrs. W. H. Weber) ; 
 Secretaries, lola Hoover (Mrs. Melville Loftin), Laura 
 Light (Mrs. Charles Vance). 
 
 1882. President, Cora Panabaker; Secretary, Celia 
 Hefter. 
 
 1884. President, Nell Custer (Mrs. S. A. Swisher) ; 
 Secretary, Elva Plank, of Bloomfield, Iowa. 
 
 Elected at convention, and to serve during the interim 
 of conventions, and at the following convention : 
 
 169 
 
170 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 1884. Grand I. R., Nell Ouster (Swisher), Iowa 
 Zeta; Grand Scribe, Emma Livingston (Wing), Illi- 
 nois Beta; Grand Quaestor, Jean Oliver (Humphrey), 
 Kansas Alpha. 
 
 1885. G. I. R,, Rainie Adamson (Small), Illinois 
 Beta; G. R. S., Elva Plank, Iowa Epsilon (Bloomfield) ; 
 Grand Scribe, Belle ReQua-Leech, Iowa Alpha (Semi- 
 nary) ; Grand Quaestor, Julia Ferris (Hubbs), Illinois 
 Gamma (Carthage). 
 
 1886. G. I. R., Rainie Adamson-Small, Illinois Beta; 
 G. R. S., Elva Plank (Bloomfield) ; Grand Scribe, Belle 
 ReQua-Leech, Mt. Pleasant Seminary; Grand Quaestor, 
 Lizzie Flagler, Iowa Theta (Ottumwa). 
 
 1888. G. I. R., Rainie Adamson-Small, Illinois Beta ; 
 G. R. S., Emma Harper Turner, Indiana Alpha ; Grand 
 Scribe, Lizzie Flagler, Iowa Theta; Grand Quaestor, 
 Elva Plank (Bloomfield). 
 
 1890. Grand President, Emma Harper Turner, Co- 
 lumbia Alpha; Grand Vice-President, Minnie H. 
 Newby (Ricketts), Michigan Beta; Grand Secretary, 
 Sude Weaver (Evans), Iowa Epsilon (Callanan) ; 
 Grand Treasurer, Georgiana Rowland, Colorado Alpha; 
 Grand Historian, Rainie Adamson-Small, Illinois Beta; 
 Grand Guide, Helen Sutliff, Kansas Alpha. 
 
 1892. Grand President, Emma Harper Turner, Co- 
 lumbia Alpha; Grand Vice-President, Mira Troth, 
 Iowa Zeta; Grand Secretary, Minnie H. Newby 
 (Ricketts), Michigan Beta; Grand Treasurer, Helen 
 Sutliff, Kansas Alpha ; Grand Historian, May Copeland 
 (Reynolds) (Drybread), Michigan Alpha; Granl Guide, 
 Elizabeth Flagler, Iowa Theta. 
 
GRAND OFFICERS 171 
 
 1893. Grand President, Helen B. Sutliff, Kansas 
 Alpha; Grand Vice-President, Corinne Super-Stine, 
 Ohio Alpha; Grand Secretary, Grace Lass (Sisson), Il- 
 linois Delta; Grand Treasurer, Lucinda Smith (Bu- 
 chan), Kansas Alpha; Grand Historian, Olive Mc- 
 Henry, Iowa Alpha ; Grand Guide, Edna A. Clark, Co- 
 lumbia Alpha. 
 
 1895. Grand President, Grace Lass (Sisson), Illinois 
 Delta; Grand Vice-President, Elizabeth Gamble, Colo- 
 rado Alpha; Grand Secretary, Florence P. Chase 
 (Cass), Michigan Alpha; Grand Treasurer, Lucinda 
 Smith (Buchan), Kansas Alpha; Grand Guide, Edith 
 Ingersoll, Colorado Beta ; Historian, Susan Lewis, Mich- 
 igan Beta. 
 
 1897. Grand President, Grace Lass-Sisson, Illinois 
 Delta; Grand Vice-President, Grace Grosvenor (Shep- 
 ard), Ohio Alpha; Grand Secretary, Ethel B. Allen 
 (Hamilton), Kansas Alpha; Grand Treasurer, Lucinda 
 Smith (Buchan), Kansas Alpha; Grand Guide, Char- 
 lotte Allen-Farnsworth, Colorado Alpha; Historian, 
 Susan Lewis, Michigan Beta. 
 
 1899. Grand President, Elsie Bradford (Johnson), 
 Columbia Alpha; Grand Vice-President, Elizabeth 
 Gamble, Colorado Alpha; Grand Secretary, Mary Bar- 
 tol (Theiss), Pennsylvania Beta; Grand Treasurer, Ida 
 G. Smith (Griffith), Kansas Alpha; Arrow Editor, 
 Florence Porter Robinson, Wisconsin Alpha ; Historian, 
 Susan Lewis, Michigan Beta. 
 
 1901. Grand President, Elizabeth Gamble, Colorado 
 Alpha; Grand Vice-President, Fanny K. Read (Cook), 
 Michigan Beta; Grand Secretary, Mary Bartol, Penn- 
 
172 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 sylvania Beta; Grand Treasurer, Martha N. Kimball, 
 Colorado Beta; Arrow Editor, Florence Porter Robin- 
 son, Wisconsin Alpha; Historian, Susan Lewis, Mich- 
 igan Beta. 
 
 1904. Grand President, Elizabeth Gamble, Colorado 
 Alpha; Grand Yice-President, May Copeland-Reynolds 
 (Drybread), Michigan Alpha; Grand Secretary, Mary 
 Bartol-Theiss, Pennsylvania Beta; Grand Treasurer, 
 Martha N. Kimball, Colorado Beta; Arrow Editor, 
 Florence Porter Robinson, Winconsin Alpha ; Historian, 
 Susan Lewis, Michigan Beta. 
 
 1906. Grand President, Elizabeth Gamble, Colorado 
 Alpha; Grand Vice-President, May Copeland-Reynolds 
 (Drybread), Michigan Alpha; Grand Secretary, Elda 
 L. Smith, Illinois Epsilon; Grand Treasurer, Martha 
 N. Kimball, Colorado Beta; Arrow Editor, Florence 
 Porter Robinson, Wisconsin Alpha; Historian, Jean- 
 nette Zeppenfeld, Indiana Alpha. 
 
 1908. Grand President, May Lansfield Keller, Mary- 
 land Alpha; Grand Vice-President, Cora Emilie Mar- 
 low (Kerns), Minnesota Alpha; Grand Secretary, Elda 
 L. Smith, Illinois Epsilon; Grand Treasurer, Celeste 
 Bush Janvier, Louisiana Alpha; Arrow Editor, Mary 
 Bartol-Theiss, Pennsylvania Beta; Alumnae Editor, 
 Sarah G. Pomeroy (Rugg), Massachusetts Alpha; His- 
 torian, Jeannette Zeppenfeld, Indiana Alpha. 
 
 1910. Grand President, May L. Keller, Maryland 
 Alpha; Grand Vice-President, Anna Jackson-Branson, 
 Pennsylvania Alpha; Grand Secretary, Julia E. Rog- 
 ers, Iowa Zeta; Grand Treasurer, Celeste B. Janvier, 
 Louisiana Alpha; Arrow Editor, Mary Bartol-Theiss, 
 
GRAND OFFICERS 173 
 
 Pennsylvania Beta; Alumnae Editor, Sophie P. Wood- 
 man, New York Beta; Historian, Kate King-Bostwick, 
 Michigan Alpha. 
 
 1912. Grand President, May L. Keller, Maryland 
 Alpha; Grand Vice-President, Lida Burkhard-Lardner, 
 Colorado Beta; Grand Secretary, Amy B. Onken, Illi- 
 nois Epsilon; Grand Treasurer, Anne Stuart, Nebraska 
 Beta; Arrow Editor, Sarah G. Pomeroy (Rugg), Mass- 
 achusetts Alpha; Alumnae Editor, Sophie P. Woodman, 
 New York Beta; Historian, Elizabeth Clarke-Helmick, 
 Michigan Alpha. 
 
" The pleasant est things in the world are pleasant 
 thoughts, and the great art in life is to have as many of 
 them as possible." BOVEE. 
 
Missouri Alpha. 
 
CHAPTER XII 
 
 THE FRATERNITY MAGAZINE 
 
 IN August, 1882, Mrs. Belle ReQua-Leech, of Mt. 
 Pleasant, began agitating the subject of a Fraternity 
 magazine; at the Burlington Convention of I. C., in 
 the following October, this subject was first brought of- 
 ficially before the Convention, and it was then voted 
 " to publish when funds would permit, a magazine de- 
 voted to literary purposes, and the interests of the soci- 
 ety, " and to obtain " all the information possible con- 
 cerning the condition of the different chapters in each 
 state." A motion to make it a monthly magazine was 
 withdrawn from the Convention after a lively discus- 
 sion. While this legislation was enacted and is embod- 
 ied in the official records of the Convention, nothing was 
 done about the matter until the next Convention, at 
 Iowa City. On November 20, 1884, the Chair appointed 
 Jean Oliver (Humprey), Kansas Alpha, Jennie B. Con- 
 ger, Illinois Beta, and Emma White ( Shellenberger) , 
 Iowa Zeta, a committee on Fraternity magazine. Upon 
 receiving their report the following day, it was voted 
 to make the magazine a quarterly, and again a similar 
 motion to the above was put before Convention, with the 
 addition " that a committee be appointed to arrange for 
 the publication of the magazine." This motion was en- 
 thusiastically carried, and the Chair appointed Mary 
 
 177 
 
178 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 E. Miller '(Barnes), of Lawrence, Kansas, and Mrs. 
 Estella Walter-Ball, of Iowa City, with the additions of 
 the G. I. R. Nell Ouster (Swisher), of Iowa City, and 
 Scribe Emma Livingston (Wing), of Lombard College, 
 as the first Magazine Committee, and under date of May, 
 1885, appears " Volume I, Number 1, of the Arrow, the 
 official organ of Pi Beta Phi." It came off the press 
 of Foley's Water Power Printing Establishment, Law- 
 rence, Kansas, under the able management of Kansas 
 Alpha, with Mary E. Miller (Barnes) editor-in-chief, 
 Mary G. Gilmore (Allen) and Nettie Hubbard (Bolles), 
 of Lawrence, associate editors, and Sue Miles (Kinsey), 
 of Kansas Alpha, as business manager. Its cover is 
 blue; and enclosed in a rectangle 4 x 7, at the top, is 
 k< ' THE ARROW ' ' in large letters ; in the center is a mys- 
 tic design, upon a pedestal a burning lamp, shedding 
 its brilliant rays of light, in which can be seen the sign 
 I. C. ; hanging from the lamp is our Arrow; at the 
 back of the pedestal is a strong chest, bearing the in- 
 scription IIB<, and back of the chest an ancient shield 
 .and crossed spears. It is interesting to note that fifteen 
 associate editors, one from each active chapter, aided 
 in getting out the twenty pages of this first number. 
 Our Founding Song, by Ethel Beecher Allen (Hamil- 
 ton), of Kansas Alpha, occupies the first page of the 
 literary matter, and a little over one page is given to 
 the report of the Iowa City Convention of 1884. A 
 page on " Public Opinion/' from the pen of Idelleta 
 Dunn (Kruger), " The Genesis of Kappa " (Kansas 
 Alpha), by Sara Richardson, of Lawrence, giving a val- 
 uable and interesting account of the methods used in 
 
THE FRATERNITY MAGAZINE 179 
 
 establishing our early chapters, two pages of editorials, 
 two pages of personals, thirteen chapter letters, and a 
 poem by Alma Devore (Miles), of Illinois Beta, com- 
 pletes the number, and it is one that we are proud of 
 to-day thirty years after. On the second page, under 
 the title, The Arrow, is this message : 
 
 Its mission is to cheer and bless 
 Where'er its lot be cast, 
 And come what may of weal or woe, 
 Be faithful to the last." 
 
 The price of subscription was one dollar in advance. 
 There are no advertisements nor illustrations. 
 
 No. 2 of Volume I is not extant as far as known, also 
 No. 1, of Volume II, but the second number of Volume 
 II, and all the succeeding numbers up to the present 
 time, are among the Historian's files. This second vol- 
 ume has a light blue cover, with wine-colored bands and 
 fancy conventional designs, and on the outside cover, 
 the words, " The Arrow, February, 1886," in gold. On 
 the second page of the cover is shown the table of con- 
 tents. Josephine March (Marvin) is literary and ex- 
 change editor, Mary G. Gilmore (Allen), chapter letters 
 and personals editor, and Clara Poehler (Means) is bus- 
 iness manager, while the editorial board consists of 
 Josephine March (Marvin), editor-in-chief, Ethel B. 
 Allen (Hamilton), literary editor, Mary Gilmore 
 (Allen), corresponding editor, with eighteen associate 
 editors, or one from each active chapter. There are 
 thirty-five pages of reading matter and one advertise- 
 ment. It is noticed on the frontispiece page that the 
 
180 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 legend reads, " The Arrow, official organ of I. C. Soro- 
 sis, Pi Beta Phi/' The first two pages are given to a 
 11 Convention Ode/ 7 written by Ethel B. Allen (Ham- 
 ilton), of Kansas Alpha. The words of the chorus 
 are: 
 
 " Hail to thee, our old I. C., 
 
 We hail thee with the charm Pi Beta Phi, 
 
 No other earthly passion e'er can vie 
 
 With the love we sisters have for old I. C. 
 
 Come wine and garnet and the blue, 
 
 The hues that sweetly tell 
 
 Of pure love warm and passion deep, 
 
 That binds us in their spell; 
 
 'Twas Cupid mingled them for ua 
 
 When, wounded by our dart, 
 
 He stole his mother's cestus blue 
 
 To bind his bleeding heart." 
 
 Four pages are given to the Lawrence Convention notes, 
 two pages to the report of the Grand Illustra Regina, 
 eight pages to the reports of delegates from fourteen 
 chapters, three pages to (i Convention Hilarities," in 
 which the " cookie shine " played a prominent part, 
 four pages to editorials, six pages to personals, with 
 three pages given to " Parthian Shafts," corresponding 
 to our present Exchanges, and one page of advertise- 
 ments on the inside of the back cover. 
 
 In 1886, by a vote of the Convention, " the Arrow 
 representative was given the same privileges and rights 
 as the other delegates," also it was voted that the " ex- 
 pense of supporting our magazine be distributed among 
 the chapters in proportion to the number of active mem- 
 bers in each; " also it was voted that " each chapter 
 
THE FRATERNITY MAGAZINE 181 
 
 shall elect a regular correspondent to the Arrow. " The 
 business manager reported $180 turned in, against $149 
 paid out. Here, early in her life, Kansas Alpha demon- 
 strated her ability and power to overcome great obsta- 
 cles, and grasped that first opportunity given her to 
 establish a high ranking position in the Fraternity's 
 welfare. Her succeeding editor pays her the following 
 tribute : * * Too much cannot be said in praise of our 
 Lawrence sisters for the ability and success with which 
 they have conducted the Arrow in the past two years. 
 Amid hindrances and delays most aggravating, lack of 
 financial support, and especially the countless difficulties 
 of the beginning of such work, they have succeeded in 
 producing a really valuable magazine which ranks well 
 with other publications of like nature." 
 
 With Volume HI, No. 1, December, 1886, the Arrow 
 passed from the hands of Kansas Alpha to the Iowa City 
 chapters. It was now printed on the press of the Re- 
 publican Print, of Iowa City. The covers were a plain 
 light blue, with " The Arrow " and the date across the 
 front. The editorial staff consists of Mrs. Emma Hum- 
 phrey-Haddock, LL. B., editor-in-chief, Lillie M. Selby 
 (Moor) and Gertrude Dawley, associate editors, and 
 Hattie E. Cochran (Robinson) (Dayton), business man- 
 ager, all of Iowa City. 
 
 With Volume IV, No. 1, December, 1887, the editorial 
 staff changes to Belle T. Hudson (Cartwright), editor- 
 in-chief, and Addie I. Dickey (Tuthill) and Eva Elliott 
 (Mahler), associate editors. On February 8, 1888, Hat- 
 tie Cochran, the able business manager, changed her 
 name to Mrs. E. Edwin Robinson. Under these bright 
 
182 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 and progressive minds the Arrow grew better with 
 each number. Therefore at the Ottumwa Convention, 
 in 1888, it was voted to continue the publication with 
 the Iowa City chapters. There is, however, a very 
 noticeable change in the appearance of the Arrow. 
 With Volume V, No. 1, the pages are slightly larger, 
 and the type has been changed to a larger style. Eg- 
 bert, Fidlar & Chambers, of Davenport, Iowa, are the 
 publishers. The title-page, on light chocolate colored 
 paper, shows for the first time our familiar Pi Beta Phi 
 scroll, pierced by the Arrow with its winged IIB<, and 
 above the monogram <|? shedding its rays and light upon 
 the manuscript resting on an olive branch. In full-face 
 type below is printed the name THE ARROW, and date. 
 The editorial staff consists of Ella M. Ham (Robinson), 
 editor-in-chief, Mira Troth and Eva M. Elliott (Mah- 
 ler), associate editors, Carrie Dorr (Elliott), exchange 
 editor, and Mrs. Robinson still business manager, with 
 seventeen chapter correspondents. The spirit and at- 
 mosphere of the Fraternity world of this period radi- 
 ates from every page of the bright volume. If a chap- 
 ter ever becomes discouraged, let it pull down this vol- 
 ume and read, and wake up to the realization that only 
 hard work and honest, faithful loyalty to the ideals of 
 the Fraternity will bring an overflowing abundance of 
 satisfactory results. 
 
 No. 1, Volume VI, September, 1889, published by the 
 same chapters, and in size and type the same, comes out 
 with a sligthly changed editorial staff. Mira Troth be- 
 comes editor-in-chief, Ella M. Ham (Robinson), business 
 manager, and the new members of the staff are Bessie 
 
THE FRATERNITY MAGAZINE 183 
 
 E. Peery and Cora Ross (Clarke), associate editors, and 
 Edna McElravy (Smalley-Kelly), exchange editor. In 
 the issue of March, 1890, No. 3 of Volume VI, Mrs. Rob- 
 inson takes the place of Cora Ross (Clarke) as one of 
 the associate editors. The June number contains the 
 Historical Sketch of Pi Beta Phi, prepared by Helen 
 Sutliff, Kansas Alpha, for the Eleventh Grand Alpha. 
 
 In March, 1891, Volume VII, No. 3, the editorial 
 staff is cut down to the editor-in-chief, Mira Troth, and 
 Ella M. Ham (Robinson). These Arrows, under the 
 management of the Iowa City chapters, show brilliancy 
 of mind and good business ability. 
 
 The Arrow at this time has just double the pages of 
 the first issue, and a liberal amount of advertisements. 
 
 Volume VIII reverts to the old size and small type, 
 with the same editors in charge. Advertisements ap- 
 pear both before and after the body matter of the mag- 
 azine. There is no No. 4 to Volume VIII. 
 
 In 1892, the Convention at Lawrence voted to trans- 
 fer the publication of the Arrow from Iowa City to Ann 
 Arbor, Michigan Beta, at the University of Michigan, 
 and thus terminated the very successful and satisfactory 
 business career of our Arrow with the enterprising Iowa 
 chapters. This covered the most critical period of the 
 Fraternity's life, and the Arrow at these crucial mo- 
 ments proved a support and strength to the organiza- 
 tion. The chapter letters of those days are well worth 
 reading over again to-day. 
 
 The new editorial board at Ann Arbor was made up 
 of Mary B. Thompson (Reid) as editor-in-chief, Flor- 
 ence E. Wolfenden as business manager, and the print- 
 
184 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 ing was done by the Register Publishing Company, of 
 Ann Arbor. No. 1 of Volume IX has the first illustra- 
 tion ever printed in the Arrow. It is a full-page pic- 
 ture of H. Sophie Newcomb Memorial College for 
 women at New Orleans, rear view, showing the labor- 
 atory. This number also inaugurated the " What a 
 Fraternity Girl Thinks " department of the Arrow. 
 
 Volume X, No. 1, Mrs. Lucy Parker-Huber takes the 
 business management, and Mary Clark Bancker, of Ox- 
 ford, Ohio, becomes alumnae editor. Again, the follow- 
 ing year, in October, 1894, there is a change, and Mary 
 Thompson (Reid) takes up the duties of editor-in-chief 
 and Miriam Dunbar assumes the business management. 
 A very valuable feature introduced and developed by 
 the Michigan Beta management was the illustrations. 
 In No. 4 of this volume, we find the first group of active 
 Pi Phis the Pennsylvania Beta girls. The Michigan 
 Beta influence was felt strongly during her term of of- 
 fice. She had excellent material, both active and 
 alumnae, and the fine spirit and progressive methods 
 and untiring efforts kept the Arrow well to the front 
 in the fraternity magazine world. 
 
 In 1895, the publication was transferred to Pennsyl- 
 vania Alpha, at Swarthmore College. The Inland 
 Press, of Ann Arbor, ran off Volume XII, No. 1, with 
 Lauretta T. Smedley (Button) as editor-in-chief and 
 Sarah Bancroft (Clark) as business manager. Before 
 the time for issuing the second number, however, cir- 
 cumstances made it seem best to transfer the Arrow's 
 home to Wisconsin Alpha, at the University of Wiscon- 
 sin, at Madison. Jessie C. Craig (Campbell) took up 
 
THE FRATERNITY MAGAZINE 185 
 
 the pen of the editor-in-chief and Alice B. Dacy (Ber- 
 genthal) the responsibilities of business manager, with 
 Tracy Gibbs & Co., of Madison, doing the printing. 
 The covers and style of the magazine remained practi- 
 cally unchanged. 
 
 With the first number of Volume XIII, November, 
 1896, there is quite a noticeable change in the appear- 
 ance of the magazine. An elaborate scroll design in 
 black and white adorns the outside title-page, the type 
 and pages are slightly larger, and illustrations are 
 numerous. Florence Porter Robinson, as exchange edi- 
 tor, makes her maiden bow, and the pages of reading 
 matter are increased. Emma S. Hutchinson (Conrow), 
 Pennsylvania Alpha, was alumna? editor during 1897- 
 1899. 
 
 At the Convention of 1897, at Madison, Wisconsin, 
 the Fraternity voted to gurantee the Arrow Editor $100 
 a year as compensation, and also " that an advisory 
 board of three members be appointed by the Arrow 
 Editor to consult with her regarding Arrow work." 
 This latter legislation was quickly carried into effect. 
 
 With the October, 1897, Volume XIV, No. 1, issue, 
 the business management passes to the able hands of 
 Gertrude Clark-Sober (Church), Michigan Beta, and 
 Miss Robinson becomes editor-in-chief, with Emma S. 
 Hutchinson (Conrow), Pennsylvania Alpha, as alumnae 
 editor, Alice Pierce (Sylvester), Michigan Beta, for 
 College News, and Fanny K. Read (Cook), Michigan 
 Beta, for Alumna? Personals. The second number of 
 this volume contains interesting sketches of the lives of 
 seven of the early Arrow Editors, with their pictures. 
 
186 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 The fourth number of this volume shows the picture of 
 five of our Founders, and the first attempt to recount 
 early Pi Phi history by them is made. Many valuable 
 articles are to be found in this volume. The printing, 
 done by the Democrat Printing Co., of Madison, and 
 the illustrations, the work of Boardman Engraving Co., 
 of Milwaukee, reflect great credit upon the efforts of 
 the officers in charge. 
 
 Few changes are found in Volume XV. The tone and 
 strength are well kept up, and the Greek letters are 
 introduced in the print. 
 
 Volume XVI, November, 1899, comes out with a new 
 cover, the work of Miriam Prindle (Waller), of Illinois 
 Epsilon. It represents a deep bed of carnations under 
 the title " The ARROW of Pi Beta Phi " in very heavy 
 full-face type, and below, immediately under the car- 
 nations, are the words, " The official publication of Pi 
 Beta Phi Fraternity," with I. C. in the left-hand cor- 
 ner, in monogram, and nB< in the right-hand corner, 
 each within a wreath, the Arrow, with nB< upon its 
 wings, in the center. The editorial board continues 
 with Miss Robinson as editor-in-chief, Mrs. Sober as 
 business manager, and Iva A. Welsh acting editor dur- 
 ing Miss Robinson's absence abroad, also assuming the 
 duties of alumnae editor. This is an inspiring volume. 
 The circulation of the Arrow at this time was 750. At 
 the Boulder Convention, in 1899, the editor was made 
 a member of the Grand Council, with all the rights and 
 privileges of a Grand Officer in convention. 
 
 A new cover greets you in No. 1, Volume XVIII, 
 showing a scroll or vine design up and down the left 
 
THE FRATERNITY MAGAZINE 187 
 
 side of the page, to which, in after numbers, is added 
 the insignia of the Fraternity. Wisconsin continues to 
 publish the magazine under the able management of 
 Miss Robinson. 
 
 The July, 1902, number contains the group pictures 
 of twenty active chapters. 
 
 Volume XX, No. 1, blossoms out with still another 
 cover, the plainest of all our covers, a solid cadet blue, 
 or gray paper, with the words " The Arrow of Pi Beta 
 Phi " in gold across the face. It made a neat cover, 
 and held good until April, 1906. 
 
 Under the Wisconsin Chapter's management the illus- 
 trations became a feature of the magazine which has 
 been carried on ever since. In July, 1904, Volume XX, 
 No. 4, we find the group pictures of twenty-six active 
 chapters. 
 
 No. 3, of Volume XXII, bears a cover design by 
 Charlotte E. Shepard (Field), of Michigan Alpha. In 
 the center of the title-page a shield is divided diago- 
 nally through the center by a band of black, bearing 
 the Arrow. In the upper left-hand division is I. C., in 
 the right-hand lower section is IIB^> above the shield in 
 a plain panel space is " The Arrow," and below, under 
 the shield, " of Pi Beta Phi." 
 
 Iva A. Welch, Wisconsin Alpha, was Arrow alumnae 
 editor from January, 1901, to April, 1906. 
 
 Miss Robinson moved from Madison to Milwaukee in 
 the Autumn of 1902, keeping the printing of the Ar- 
 row still in Madison, but in November, 1907, when she 
 moved to Denver, we find the Arrow entered at the 
 Denver post office. 
 
188 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 Ethel R. Curryer, Indiana Gamma, was Arrow 
 Alumnae editor from April, 1906, to January, 1908. 
 
 Volume XXIV, November, 1907, is clothed in the 
 cover familiar to us to-day, the design of Esther Fay 
 Shover, Indiana Gamma. A narrow band of carnations 
 forms a border, while in the lower half a triangular 
 design of carnations encloses the emblem the Arrow. 
 It is an artistic design, and has greeted thousands of 
 eager Pi Phis during the past eight years. 
 
 No. 2 of Volume XXIV closed Miss Robinson's con- 
 nection with the Arrow, and ended a brilliant editor- 
 ship of over ten years. " During this period, the Ar- 
 row was self-supporting. In 1896 there were printed 
 for each issue barely 550 copies ; for the issue of Janu- 
 ary, 1908, there were required 2,200 copies." Her last 
 issue contained over one hundred pages of reading mat- 
 ter of vital interest to our Fraternity people. Her bril- 
 liant editorials and reviews, sparkling with clear-cut 
 wisdom and subtle humor, made the magazine a joy to 
 its readers aside from its worth as a Fraternity organ. 
 " Miss Robinson's personality, to a large extent, domi- 
 nated the magazine, both inspirationally and practically. 
 Many customs, long since regarded as characteristic 
 of the Arrow, owe their inception to her wise plan- 
 ning. " 
 
 On January 2, 1908, at the New Orleans Convention, 
 it was voted " that a secret number of the Arrow be 
 printed annually, which shall publish the minutes and 
 reports of Convention, the annual chapter reports of 
 the Grand Secretary, and any other information for the 
 use of the Fraternity," as an extra number of the Ar- 
 
THE FRATERNITY MAGAZINE 189 
 
 row. This number was published as an after-convention 
 issue in 1908, 1910, and 1912. 
 
 In April, 1908, Volume XXIV, No. 3, the Arrow was 
 edited by Mary Bartol-Theiss, and Sarah G. Pom- 
 eroy (Rugg), who was elected at the New Orleans Con- 
 vention, became alumnae editor. This number was pub- 
 lished from 64 West 109th Street, New York, and from 
 July, 1908, to November, 1909, from the Mason-Henry 
 Press, Syracuse, New York. With the November, 1909, 
 number the publishing is transferred to George Banta, 
 Manasha, Wisconsin, the official printer and publisher 
 to the Fraternity to date. At the Swarthmore Conven- 
 tion, 1910, Sophie P. Woodman was appointed alumnae 
 editor 
 
 The number of pages of reading matter doubles 
 under Mrs. Theiss' management during the first year, 
 and triples during the last, with a circulation of nearly 
 four thousand copies, making the Arrow one of the larg- 
 est fraternity magazines. The high standard established 
 by Miss Robinson was ably maintained by Mrs. Theiss, 
 and the fact that illness, due to overwork, forced her 
 resignation and retirement in November, 1911, is evi- 
 dence that she gave of her very life's strength to this 
 work. " As President of Alpha Province, Grand Sec- 
 retary, Cataloguer, Compiler of the Song Book, and 
 finally as Editor of the Arrow, Mary Bartol-Theiss has 
 proved herself at all times strong, reliable, and ever 
 alert to the best interests of Pi Beta Phi." 
 
 Sophie P. Woodman, New York Beta, was elected 
 alumnae editor at the Swarthmore Convention, in June, 
 1910, upon the resignation of Sarah Pomeroy (Rugg). 
 
190 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 In 1900 the Alumnae Council petitioned the Grand 
 Council that the Arrow be furnished the alumnae at a 
 reduced rate, and the price was fixed at twenty-five 
 cents a year, or $5.00 life subscription. This resulted 
 in quadrupling the alumnae subscriptions, but at an 
 actual money loss to the Fraternity. In 1913 the price 
 was fixed at $1.00 a year to every one, or $10 for life 
 subscription. Since January 1, 1908, the initiation fee 
 has included life subscription to the Arrow. 
 
 With the January, 1912, No. 2, Volume XXVIII, 
 Sarah G. Pomeroy (Rugg) assumes the responsibilities 
 of editorship to fill out Mrs. Theiss' unexpired term. 
 At the Evanston Convention, in 1912, she was elected 
 to the editorship of the Arrow. In September, 1912, a 
 private Bulletin was authorized between the four issues 
 of the Arrow, and four such issues have been sent out 
 each year. They contain announcements, instructions 
 and notes of a private nature. 
 
 In 1913, the date for issuing the fourth number of the 
 Arrow was changed from July to June. In June, 1913, 
 the Grand Council voted that the first issue of each vol- 
 ume of the Arrow be secret. This number is a full-sized 
 Arrow, devoted to the reports of Grand Officers, stand- 
 ing committees and intimate working and development 
 of the Fraternity. Under Mrs. Rugg's experienced 
 editorship each number of the Arrow has given its read- 
 ers something of interest to the general public and the 
 welfare of women; its scope has been broadened, and 
 articles and illustrations of Greek sisters have been in- 
 troduced to our readers. 
 
 To-day the Arrow goes to every state in the Union 
 
/ 
 
THE FRATERNITY MAGAZINE 191 
 
 except one, and to all our continental possessions; to 
 Canada, England, France, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Bra- 
 zil, Argentina, Chili, China and India. The promise 
 made in No. 1, Volume I, that " like new wine, the older 
 it grows the better it will become," has been fulfilled in 
 the present-day numbers of this official organ of our 
 Fraternity. 
 
All are needed by each one; 
 Nothing is fair or good alone." 
 
 EMERSON. 
 
CHAPTER XIII 
 
 CATALOGUE AND CALENDARS 
 
 THE first mention of a catalogue for the Fraternity 
 was in 1880, at the Mt. Pleasant Convention, when Iota 
 Chapter, at Lombard College, was instructed to gather 
 material for a Fraternity catalogue. At this Conven- 
 tion, it was also ordered that * ' Alpha Grand, or Lambda 
 Chapter (Simpson) shall keep a general register of all 
 chapters; " and that " each chapter shall keep a regis- 
 ter of all its members." 
 
 The first general catalogue to be published was in the 
 Arrow for September, 1887. It covered twenty pages of 
 the magazine and contained the names and addresses of 
 nine hundred and seventy members, belonging to twenty 
 active chapters, but gives no record of the members of 
 of the seventeen dead chapters. 
 
 In the Arrow of December, 1887, there appeared the 
 first supplement to the catalogue, with thirty-eight 
 added names. It was the policy for a number of years 
 after this to print in the Arrow each year the additional 
 names and addresses, and under the supervision of the 
 Arrow editors (Iowa Zeta and Kappa) the material for 
 a permanent catalogue was being collected. 
 
 At the Convention of 1890, a committee composed of 
 Iowa Theta, Iowa Iota, and Ohio Alpha, with Corinne 
 Super (Stine), of Ohio Alpha, as chairman, was named 
 
 195 
 
196 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 by the Convention and instructed to publish a catalogue. 
 The first report of this committee, in 1892, at the Law- 
 rence Convention, included a complete catalogue in 
 manuscript of all active members, and a statement that 
 the work of gathering a list of non-active and alumna? 
 membership was progressing slowly but satisfactorily. 
 Miss Super was continued as chairman of the committee 
 on catalogue, with Helen Maxwell, of Colorado Alpha, 
 and Ida Von Hon, of Iowa Zeta, as assistants. 
 
 Interest in working up a complete catalogue of all 
 persons ever initiated into Pi Phi was spread through 
 the efforts of this enthusiastic committee and the Arrow 
 <3olumns, and the chapters came to the assistance of the 
 committee with their own chapter catalogues carefully 
 compiled. 
 
 Kansas Alpha and Iowa Zeta were the first chapters 
 to complete this work, which was published in the Ar- 
 row of April, 1894, and proved a great incentive to the 
 other chapters and of great help to the difficult task of 
 ihe catalogue committee. The custom was established 
 at this time, and kept up to include 1901, of publishing 
 in the July Arrow by chapters, each year, the names of 
 all active members during the previous year. The July, 
 1896, Arrow contains a complete list of the active mem- 
 bership of the Fraternity at that time. 
 
 In 1898, Michigan Alpha published the first inde- 
 pendent chapter catalogue of active and alumna? mem- 
 bers. 
 
 While this research work had been carried on un- 
 ceasingly since 1880, it was not until 1901, when Flor- 
 ence Chase-Cass, of Michigan Alpha, a professional cat- 
 
CATALOGUE AND CALENDARS 197 
 
 aloguer, was appointed Fraternity Catalogue Secretary, 
 that our first catalogue, under its own cover, was 
 printed. This was presented at the Syracuse Conven- 
 tion, and a systematic card index installed for future 
 reference and corrections. There were about eleven 
 thousand entries on these cards, and the work involved 
 an enormous amount of time and strength. The cata- 
 logue has two hundred and three pages, and contains 
 twenty-nine hundred names, with addresses, college, 
 chapter, date of initiation, date of graduation, degrees, 
 and name of husband, and brings the record down to 
 March, 1901. 
 
 The office of Fraternity Cataloguer was instituted at 
 the Syracuse Convention, and Mrs. Cass was appointed 
 the first cataloguer of the Fraternity with a salary. She 
 could not accept the position, however, and Mary Bar- 
 tol (Theiss), Pennsylvania Beta, was named in her 
 stead. No more capable and careful person in the Fra- 
 ternity could have been found to continue the untiring 
 and persistent efforts of Mrs. Cass than Mary Bartol, 
 as the results most admirably show. From 1901 to 
 1908 these records were kept to the satisfaction of 
 every one. 
 
 In 1902, Mary Bartol (Theiss) published the First 
 Annual Supplement to the First Catalogue, under sep- 
 arate cover, and a copy was forwarded to each owner 
 of a catalogue. In 1903, the Second Annual Supple- 
 ment was published, and in 1904 the Third Annual 
 Supplement brought the Fraternity list to date. 
 
 In June, 1906, Mary Bartol, who had now become 
 Mrs. Lewis E. Theiss, had published the second edition 
 
198 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 of the Official Catalogue. It contains the full enroll- 
 ment of each chapter, active and inactive, a detailed al- 
 phabetical enrollment of the entire membership of the 
 Fraternity, a geographical index showing the present 
 home of every member, a list by chapters of those no 
 longer living, and a table of relationships. Every mem- 
 ber is enrolled at least three times. The volume of 364 
 pages, contains the records of 4,181 members of forty- 
 nine chapters, and shows an immense amount of skilled 
 and painstaking work. Price seventy-five cents. 
 
 To this second edition, a First Annual Supplement 
 was compiled and added by Mrs. Theiss in 1907, and 
 a Second Supplement in 1908. Mrs. Theiss became ed- 
 itor of the Arrow with the April, 1908, number, and 
 while not officially carried on the records as cataloguer, 
 she performed the duties of the office until the appoint- 
 ment of her successor, Helen Schaeffer-Huff, of Pennsyl- 
 vania Gamma, in October, 1908. 
 
 In 1909, the Third Annual Supplement, with a new 
 list of " changed addresses " aranged alphabetically, 
 was completed by Mrs. Huff, and in June, 1910, a 
 Fourth Supplement was published, making the records 
 complete to that date. 
 
 The third and last edition of the Catalogue was issued 
 in September, 1911, by Kate McLaughlin-Bourne, of 
 Pennsylvania Beta, who was appointed by the Grand 
 President to succeed Mrs. Huff in this work. In the 
 preface she notes that " every available source of in- 
 formation has been exhausted " in getting the material 
 for this edition, and the five hundred and fifty-six pages 
 testify to the indefatigable efforts of Mrs. Bourne to 
 
CATALOGUE AND CALENDARS 199 
 
 make this edition complete and accurate. The work is 
 divided into four parts : ( 1 ) a record of membership 
 by chapters, active and inactive; (2) alphabetical cata- 
 logue of members; (3) geographical index of members; 
 and (4) table of relationships. Six thousand, four hun- 
 dred and twenty-six names are recorded under the 
 chapter headings, covering the total initiations into 
 sixty chapters of Pi Beta Phi from 1867 to June 29, 
 1911. This volume forms the most valuable public doc- 
 ument of the Fraternity. 
 
 CALENDAR. The first Pi Beta Phi Calendar was pub- 
 lished in 1910, under the supervision of Roberta G. 
 Frye (Watt), of Maryland Alpha, and was so highly 
 appreciated and enjoyed that the next Convention at 
 Swarthmore, in June, 1910, voted to continue the an- 
 nual publication, and Anna F. T. Pettit (Broomell) 
 and Katherine Griest, of Pennsylvania Alpha, were ap- 
 pointed a committee to serve during the next two 
 years. 
 
 The calendar of 1911 was printed by Walter B. Jen- 
 kins, of Philadelphia, upon sixty-five sheets of deep 
 cream, heavy laid paper, in brown ink. The covers were 
 of heavy brown paper, with " Pi Beta Phi, 1911 " em- 
 bossed on it in gold. Each day of the year bore an 
 appropriate quotation, and the birthdays of the Found- 
 ers, Grand Council and active chapters were noted. 
 
 The 1912 Calendar, also printed by Mr. Jenkins, was 
 done in black and white, a page a week style, with quo- 
 tations for each day, but with the anniversaries left out. 
 Editorially, the Arrow says of this Calendar: " The 
 compilers have wandered far afield and have culled the 
 
200 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 choicest blossoms from many literary gardens. If 
 ' genius is a part of taking pains,' genius is here ex- 
 emplified. ' ' 
 
 At the Evanston Convention in June, 1912, the cal- 
 endar committee was composed of Katherine Griest and 
 Deborah L. Ferrier, of Pennsylvania Alpha and Edith 
 Valet of New York Beta. 
 
 The Calendar for 1913, also printed by Mr. Jenkins, 
 proved to be the most popular ever gotten out by the 
 Fraternity. It resembles the former calendars in style, 
 with the addition of a bright and very attractive bor- 
 der of green and red, with the Fraternity flower in the 
 four corners. Here also we find the anniversaries of 
 the birthdays of the Fraternity, the Founders, the 
 Grand Council and chapters noted. 
 
 The 1914 Calendar was issued in the form of a page 
 a day pad, mounted upon heavy cardboard, with appro- 
 priate verses for each day and the birthday anniver- 
 saries noted. This calendar was not as popular as the 
 previous year's week-a-page, hanging style, and the fol- 
 lowing year the committee decided to return to the 
 former. 
 
 The 1915 Calendar is a duplicate of the 1913 Calen- 
 dar. It is bright and artistic to the eye and with ap- 
 propriate and pleasing daily quotations, and has grown 
 to be looked upon by the Fraternity as the Fraternity 
 Calendar. 
 
 These Calendars are daily inspirations to the readers, 
 and bring the alumnae in daily touch with the spirit of 
 Pi Beta Phi, and reflect great credit upon the compilers 
 and printer. 
 
" A friend may well be reckoned the masterpiece of 
 Nature." EMERSON. 
 
CHAPTER XIV 
 
 PI BETA PHI SONG BOOK 
 
 THE first Arrow, of May, 1885, contained Ethel Allen- 
 Hamilton's Founding Song, to the tune of Dearest May, 
 and frequently after songs appeared from time to time, 
 but no attempt was made to collect these in book form 
 until at the Lawrence Convention in 1892, when Mich- 
 igan Beta presented the Songs of Pi Beta Phi in pamph- 
 let form. The adoption of our " Ring Ching Ching " 
 at the same convention stimulated song and Fraternity 
 singing, and we find the pamphlet of '92 worn out and 
 exhausted by the time of the Boston Convention. 
 
 In 1895, a committee consisting of Mary Bartol 
 (Theiss), of Pennsylvania Beta, Viola Lukens, of In- 
 diana Alpha, and Elizabeth Smith, of Colorado Alpha, 
 were appointed to compile and publish a Fraternity 
 song book, which resulted in The Songs of Pi Beta Phi, 
 published January 1, 1899, by Mary Bartol. This book 
 contained one hundred and seventeen pages and seventy- 
 eight songs, and was printed by J. W. Pepper, of Phil- 
 adelphia. 
 
 The second edition of the song book was published 
 under the authority of the Grand Council, and edited 
 by Mary Bartol-Theiss in 1904. The presswork was 
 done by the Metropolitan Engraving, Lithographing & 
 Printing Company, Philadelphia, Pa. The book con- 
 
 203 
 
204 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 tains one hundred and seventy-six 8x11 pages, and one 
 hundred and thirty songs, two waltzes and a two-step. 
 
 The present, or our third song book x was edited by 
 Alleyne Archibald, of Nebraska Beta, assisted by Lela 
 Howard, of Columbia Alpha, Anne Stuart, of Nebraska 
 Beta, Jessie Smith-Gaynor, of Iowa Zeta, and Mary E. 
 Shannon, of Arkansas Alpha, and is a joy and necessity 
 to the life of every chapter. The book contains one 
 hundred and seventy-six 9x12 pages, and one hundred 
 and sixty songs, and reflects great credit upon the com- 
 pilers and the Fraternity. 
 
 11 When the songs of Pi Beta Phi ring in our ears 
 and make us strong in our loyalty; when, at reunion 
 times, the enthusiasm of the active girls join with ours 
 of long years; when the stirring * Ring Ching Ching ' 
 strikes the ever responsive chord in our natures, we are 
 stirred by the same kind of emotion and loyalty that 
 fills the breast of the soldier at the roll of the drum 
 and call to the flag." 
 
" As love is the life of faith, so with the increase of 
 love faith increases. Even from man toward man, faith 
 and love grow together. The more we love the more we 
 understand, and the more we trust one another." DR. 
 PUSEY. 
 
CHAPTER XV 
 
 SYMPHONY AND COAT - OF - ARMS 
 
 As a result of a competitive contest, the Convention 
 of 1910 voted to adopt the following, submitted by Abbie 
 "Williams-Burton, of Illinois Epsilon, as the Fraternity 
 Symphony : 
 
 " Whatsoever things are true, 
 Lovely, fair, 
 
 Beyond compare, 
 Pure as the Arrow's gold, 
 Sweet as wine carnations hold, 
 
 Honest, just, of worth untold 
 These hold ye, in honor due 
 Best to serve the name ye bear. 
 
 Wearers of the wine and blue, 
 Choose these in your hearts to wear." 
 
 The Fraternity has had these beautiful lines, lettered 
 in gold, upon a soft, cream-colored card, with an artis- 
 tically embossed design in wine and blue and gold, made 
 by hand, for appropriate reminders of anniversaries. 
 
 The Pi Beta Phi book plate upon the inside front 
 cover of this history is also the gift of an Illinois Epsilon 
 alumna, Edith Hammond, and was presented to 
 the Convention guests in 1912 from the entertaining 
 chapter at Northwestern University. 
 
 A PLAN for a coat-of-arms was submitted to and 
 207 
 
208 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 adopted by the 1910 Convention at Swarthmore, Penn- 
 sylvania. These were submitted to an authority on her- 
 aldry, and were carried out as closely as possible in 
 making the coat-of-arms, adopted by the Grand Council 
 in February, 1912, and were copyrighted in March, 1912, 
 by the Fraternity in the name of Anna F. T. Pettitt 
 (Broomell), who had the work in charge. 
 
 The Pi Beta Phi coat-of-arms " consists of a lozenge 
 on which is blazoned the Brownlee crest, an eagle dis- 
 played. On the eagle's breast is blazoned the seal of 
 Monmouth College, a sun in splendor, with the word 
 * Lux ' in the center. The eagle holds in his right talon 
 the ( , and in his left the Arrow of Pi Beta Phi. The 
 lozenge signifies that the arm is that of a woman's or- 
 ganization; the eagle is the crest of the originators of 
 women's fraternities in general and Pi Beta Phi in 
 particular; the sun is the seal of the college in which 
 Pi Beta Phi had its first home, and the eagle by holding 
 the <^2 and the Pi Beta Phi Arrow shows the absolute 
 identity between the I. C. Sorosis and Pi Beta Phi Fra- 
 ternity. " 
 
 As the knights of old fought to glorify his family 
 arms, " so the symbols of the Pi Beta Phi coat-of-arms 
 should bring to the mind of every Pi Beta Phi a reali- 
 zation that this great Fraternity of ours is a heritage 
 from the past, that we who are proud to use its coat-of- 
 arms should be equally proud to uphold its ideals, for 
 which those noble women, our Founders, established the 
 first chapter at Monmouth College, and that our mod- 
 ern fraternalism should embody in it the chivalry of 
 the past." 
 
" It is a good thing to be rich, and a good thing to be 
 strong, but it is a better thing to be beloved by many 
 friends." EURIPIDES. 
 
CHAPTER XVI 
 
 THE " cookie shine " is strictly a Pi Beta Phi insti- 
 tution, and brings to mind many happy and merry 
 events in our lives, in the years of long ago. Our be- 
 loved Lucinda Smith-Buchan told us, in the January, 
 1902, Arrow, that " this characteristic feature of the 
 Fraternity had its origin in the Kansas Alpha Chapter, 
 back in the days when Chancellor Frazier was the Robin 
 Good Fellow of each and every student of the state 
 university. ' Cookie shine ' was his own individual 
 name for any kind of an informal social company 
 brought together by accident or design. " 
 
 On one occasion, in June, 1872, when a number of 
 the Lawrence girls were invited to the home of Flora 
 and Alma Richardson, to meet their sister Sara, a newly 
 initiated Pi Phi from Lombard College, " the good 
 Chancellor chanced to be present, and when the girls 
 began to lay their ' spread ' of good things known only 
 to college girls, the Chancellor dubbed the feast a 
 1 cookie shine/ The word so pleased the girls that 
 they immediately adopted it for their own, and from 
 that time on it became in Kansas Alpha sacred to the 
 use of the Pi Phi girls." From Kansas, it was carried 
 to other chapters, until " the term itself, and the occa- 
 sion for which it stands, has become so inseparable a 
 
 211 
 
212 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 part of the social life of our Fraternity that it will al- 
 ways be held in unquestioned and loving regard by all 
 of us." 
 
 Mrs. Buchan writes that " the entire evening, with 
 its initiation ceremony, supper, and the following pro- 
 gram, whether composed of music, dancing, card games 
 or other diversions incident to the tastes and abilities 
 of those present, is spoken of as a ' cookie shine.' But 
 for a formal ' cookie shine,' it is the supper itself, 
 which has perhaps received the greatest amount of at- 
 tention from the greatest number of hands." " Spread 
 upon a long tablecloth (or sheet) on the floor, every- 
 thing from hot biscuits, veal loaf and chicken, through 
 a long line of scattered chips, olives, pickles, nuts, fruits 
 and cookies, to the most conventionally served ice-cream 
 and coffee." 
 
 But if there is only time to pass the word around that 
 there will be a " cookie shine " to-night or to-morrow 
 afternoon, * ' every one brings her own donation, with the 
 single injunction that nothing must be brought which 
 will call for napkins, or plates, knives, forks or spoons for 
 the serving of it. Then every one comes bearing a paper 
 parcel, or a small basket," and when the time arrives 
 for refreshments, the large tablecloth, or sheet, is spread 
 in the middle of the floor, and the contributions thrown 
 here and there upon it, and the girls sit on the floor, 
 Turk fashion, amid laughter, singing and merrymaking, 
 and time vanishes with the pickles and cake. One of 
 the beauties of the " cookie shine " is that, when the 
 party is over, the festive board is quickly cleared by 
 gathering up the four corners of the sheet or cloth, and 
 
" THE COOKIE SHINE " 213 
 
 dispatching the fragments unceremoniously, leaving the 
 room as if by magic clear again. 
 
 " In fine weather, the ' cookie shine ' supper is often 
 spread on the grass. Very often some special features 
 of entertainment will be prepared for the ' cookie shine. ' 
 These are usually conceived and executed by a few of 
 the girls, without the knowledge of the others, so that 
 there is always a greater or less air of expectancy. 
 Farces, either original or adapted to the chapter's use, 
 are a very popular feature of the programs, impersona- 
 tions of ridiculous characters, another. In the presen- 
 tation of these features much skill is often manifested 
 that before was unknown, or under-estimated, so that 
 these chance occasions not seldom prove to be of more 
 than transitory interest/' 
 
 For a number of years the " cookie shine " was a 
 regular convention stunt, " until at the Boston Con- 
 vention in 1895 there were but a few chapters unac- 
 quainted with the name and the * spread ' to which it is 
 given, and the memorable Boston * shine ' revealed its 
 mysteries to those still uninitiated. Though in general 
 the * cookie shine ' is the same, whether partaken of in 
 California or Boston, still there are many local differ- 
 
' Those wlw bring sunshine to the lives of others, 
 cannot keep it from themselves." J. M. BARRIE. 
 
CHAPTER XVII 
 
 FELLOWSHIPS, SCHOLARSHIPS AND LOAN FUNDS 
 
 THE editor of one of our men's journals once said 
 ' ' It is not so much the men we take in that counts ; it 
 is the men we turn out." What the Fraternity helps 
 the girl to make of herself is what counts in her life, 
 and so Pi Beta Phi, in her effort to help develop the 
 best in the girl pledged to her ideals, has instituted, as 
 a tangible evidence of this policy, scholarships and loan 
 funds. 
 
 At the Nineteenth National Biennial Convention, 
 held in Indianapolis, in June, 1906, it was ordered 
 " that Pi Beta Phi establish scholarships not to exceed 
 $1,000 in total for the college year, such scholarships 
 to be open only to members of Pi Beta Phi; " also that 
 these scholarships be " two undergraduate scholarships 
 of $325 each, and one graduate scholarship of $350," 
 such " scholarships for 1906-1907 to be placed at 
 Barnard College, but at the end of the first year the 
 awarding and places to be left to the discretion of the 
 Grand Council." 
 
 These were available immediately, and Aileen March 
 Weaver (Robinson), '06, of Kansas Alpha, was awarded 
 the graduate scholarship, and Mary Mathilda Wads- 
 worth, '09, of Nebraska Beta, one of the undergraduate 
 scholarships. Owing to the lack of competitors, the sec- 
 
 217 
 
218 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 ond undergraduate scholarship for 1906-1907 was not 
 awarded. 
 
 Mrs. Weaver-Robinson was born and reared in Law- 
 rence, Kansas, entering the State University in Septem- 
 ber, 1902. She was initiated into Pi Beta Phi on Octo- 
 ber 11 of the same year. In the Spring of 1906 she was 
 elected to Phi Beta Kappa, and in June gradua* d 
 with A. B. 
 
 Miss Wadsworth was born in Oregon, Illinois, but in 
 her childhood her parents moved to Council Bluffs, 
 Iowa, where she received her early education. In the 
 Fall of 1905, she entered the University of Nebraska, 
 and was also registered in the University School of 
 Music. She was initiated into Pi Beta Phi October 14, 
 1905, affiliating with New York Beta in the Fall of 1906. 
 
 The 1907-1908 graduate scholarship, under the same 
 conditions as 1906-1907, was awarded to Anna F. T. 
 Pettit (Broomell), of Pennsylvania Alpha. Mrs. 
 Broomell's early days were spent in the Friends' School 
 of Philadelphia. In 1889, she entered the Friends' 
 School of Philadelphia. In 1889, she entered the 
 Friends' Central School, from which she graduated in 
 June, 1904, and entered the sophomore class of Swarth- 
 more College the following Autumn. She was initiated 
 into Pi Beta Phi November 17, 1905. In June, 1907, 
 she was graduated with the degree of B. A., and upon 
 receiving the Pi Phi scholarship, she transferred to New 
 York Beta, entering Columbia University, and receiving 
 her degree of A. M. in 1908. 
 
 One undergraduate scholarship for the year 1908-1909 
 was awarded to Mary Badger Wilson, Columbia Alpha. 
 
I 
 
 'S 
 - 
 s 
 o 
 
 I 
 
FELLOWSHIPS AND SCHOLARSHIPS 219 
 
 Miss Wilson entered George Washington University in 
 January, 1908, was initiated into Pi Beta Phi March 14, 
 1908, and attended Barnard the first semester, 1909. 
 
 Neither undergraduate scholarship for 1907-1908, nor 
 the graduate scholarship for 1908-1909, or second under- 
 graduate scholarship for the latter year, were competed 
 for, and at a meeting of the Grand Council, held in 
 New York during the Thanksgiving vacation, 1909, it 
 was decided to withdraw the scholarships for 1909-1910, 
 and to offer in their place one graduate fellowship with 
 the value of $500. This " fellowship to be open to any 
 member of Pi Beta Phi who has received her bachelor's 
 degree, and available for use in any university in this 
 country or Europe." 
 
 The desired result followed immediately; competition 
 was keen, and the same plan was followed for 1910-1911. 
 Imogen Cunningham, Washington Alpha, was the suc- 
 cessful competitor for the year 1909-1910, and Sarah G. 
 Pomeroy (Rugg), Massachusetts Alpha, for the year 
 1910-1911. This plan has been very satisfactory, and 
 " it is safe to say that the establishment of these schol- 
 arships and fellowships has brought Pi Phi prominently 
 before the Faculties of the leading universities and col- 
 leges " for the past six years, " and has directed atten- 
 tion to the fact that the Fraternity is awake to the value 
 of genuine scholarship. " 
 
 Imogen Cunningham was born in Portland, Oregon, 
 but at an early age moved to Seattle, Washington, where 
 she attended the public schools, graduating from the 
 Seattle High School in the class of 1903. She entered 
 the University in 1904, and was one of the charter mem- 
 
220 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 bers of Washington Alpha, which was installed Janu- 
 ary 7, 1907. Upon her graduation in June, 1907, she 
 received the degree of B. A. She used the Pi Phi Fel- 
 lowship for work at the Technische Hochschule, Dresden, 
 from October, 1909, to July, 1910, under the great 
 photo chemist Luther. 
 
 Sarah Gertrude Pomeroy (Rugg), daughter of a New 
 England clergyman, was born in Fitchburg, Massachu- 
 setts, but received her early education in the public 
 schools of Boston and its suburbs, where she has lived 
 the greater part of her life. She completed her prep- 
 aration for college at Wesleyan Academy, Wilbraham, 
 Mass. In the Autumn of 1902, Mrs. Rugg entered Bos- 
 ton University, and on December 13, the same year, was 
 initiated into Pi Beta Phi. In 1906, she graduated with 
 the degree of A. B., and three years later received the 
 degree of A. M. from her Alma Mater. As Pi Phi Fel- 
 low, she studied at the University of London, doing re- 
 search work in the Library of the British Museum. 
 
 The graduate fellowship for the year 1911-1912 was 
 awarded to Mildred W. Cochran, Columbia Alpha. Miss 
 Cochran was graduated from George Washington Uni- 
 versity in 1907 with the degree of B. S. She taught one 
 year in Limestone College, South Carolina, where she 
 had the chair of mathematics and science, and three 
 years at Grafton Hall, Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. Miss 
 Cochran studied English and biology for her master's 
 degree at Columbia University. 
 
 The 1912-1913 Pi Phi Fellowship was held by Eliz- 
 abeth Craighead, of Pennsylvania Gamma. Miss Craig- 
 head entered Dickinson College in the Autumn of 1898, 
 
.2 
 o 
 
 o> 
 
 I 
 W 
 
FELLOWSHIPS AND SCHOLARSHIPS 221 
 
 graduating in June, 1901, with the degree of Ph. B. She 
 was initiated into Pi Beta Phi on June 4, 1904, and was 
 elected to Phi Beta Kappa in the Spring of 1901. She 
 taught for ten years, when she was awarded the Pi Beta 
 Phi Fellowship, and spent the summer of 1912 at Gre- 
 noble and the following winter in Paris and New York, 
 studying at the Sorbonne, the University of Paris, and 
 Columbia University. 
 
 The 1913-1914 fellowship was awarded to Mary Inez 
 Droke, daughter of Prof. G. W. Droke, of the University 
 of Arkansas. Miss Droke was born in Fayetteville, 
 where she has always lived. At the age of fourteen, she 
 entered the University of Arkansas, graduating in music 
 in 1907. She was a charter member of Arkansas Alpha 
 of Pi Beta Phi, which was installed December 29, 1909. 
 In the Autumn of 1908, when nineteen years old, she 
 accepted the position of head of the mathematics depart- 
 ment of the Fayetteville High School, and in 1911 re- 
 entered the University as a candidate for the degree of 
 B. A., which she received in June, 1913. She was a 
 member of Scull Club, an honor society of the Univer- 
 sity. In the summer of 1913, she travelled in Germany 
 and Switzerland, and in October went to Paris, enroll- 
 ing as a student of mathematics at the opening of the 
 Sorbonne. 
 
 For the first time in the founding of the fellowship, 
 it was deemed best to divide the 1914-1915 fellowship, 
 and it was awarded to Estaline Wilson, Missouri Alpha, 
 and Alleyne Archibald, Nebraska Beta. 
 
 Estaline Wilson was born in Warrensburg, Missouri, 
 finished the public and high school courses at fifteen, 
 
222 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 and graduated from the Warrensburg State Normal two 
 years later. After teaching two years she entered the 
 State University, was initiated into Missouri Alpha Oc- 
 tober 9, 1909, and was graduated in 1911, taking the 
 A. B. degree, and B. S. in education. She was elected 
 to Pi Lambda Theta, an honorary fraternity. 
 
 Alleyne Archibald graduated from the School of 
 Music of the University of Nebraska in the class of 1902. 
 In September of the same year she entered the faculty 
 of this institution, continuing her study for five years. 
 In June, 1908, she was chosen by Henry Purmont Eames 
 to be his assistant in his Pianoforte Studios in Paris. 
 Her two years there were spent in further study, teach- 
 ing and concert work. She returned to America in 
 1910, and in September reentered the University School 
 of Music, Lincoln. Miss Archibald is the daughter of a 
 Baptist clergyman, has done most of her professional work 
 in the "West, and has steadily progressed in her profes- 
 sion, which gives her Fraternity just cause for pride. 
 
 Loan Fund. At the twenty-first Biennial Convention, 
 held in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, June 30, 1910, it was 
 voted " that an appropriation of $200 be made annu- 
 ally for two years for a Loan Fund, available to Pi 
 Beta Phi undergraduates." A committee appointed to 
 draw up regulations for governing the use and admin- 
 istration of the Loan Fund recommended that loans 
 " be made in any amount to the maximum of $100 to 
 any one person in any one year," with the understand- 
 ing that loans " be paid if possible within two years 
 after leaving college, with the privilege of renewal for 
 two year periods. " * * On the renewal of a loan one-half 
 
FELLOWSHIPS AND SCHOLARSHIPS 223 
 
 per cent, of its face value shall be charged, " and " in 
 the event of any loan remaining unpaid at the expira- 
 tion of two years after leaving college, interest at the 
 rate of two per cent, per annum shall be charged." 
 " In case of the death of the student to whom loans 
 were made, the loan lapsed/' 
 
 The disbursement of this fund was placed in the 
 hands of the Boston Alumn Club, and during the two 
 years of its administration, 1910-1912, $475 from the 
 Fraternity's treasury was devoted to helping Pi Phi 
 undergraduates. 
 
 At the Evanston Convention, on June 26, 1912, it 
 was voted " that a permanent Loan Fund of not less 
 than $200 per annum be established, the details of its 
 administration to be worked out by a committee ap- 
 pointed by the Grand President." Mrs. Mildred 
 Babcock-Babcock, Massachusetts Alpha, Elmira Wilson, 
 Iowa Gamma, and Jennie L. Rowell, Vermont Beta, 
 were named as the committee. The conditions remained 
 practically the same as the previous two years. Twenty- 
 one applications for loans were received during the 
 three years, for sums ranging from ten dollars to three 
 hundred dollars, thirteen of which were granted. 
 
 All loans made after June, 1912, when paid back, 
 will go into a permanent Loan Fund. 
 
 " The Loan Fund each year has been made use of 
 by girls who otherwise would have had to leave college, 
 so that it has more than justified the claim for the needs 
 of its establishment. The loans show a geographical 
 distribution of applicants from California to the At- 
 lantic coast." 
 
:t Application is the price to be paid for mental ac- 
 quisition. To have the harvest we must sow the seed." 
 BATLEY. 
 
CHAPTER XVIII 
 
 FRATERNITY EXAMINATIONS 
 
 EMMA HARPER TURNER must be made sponsor for our 
 wise, philosophical, after-Christmas bete noire, annual 
 Fraternity examinations. 
 
 After the Galesburg Convention in 1890, we had 
 among our standing committees, the Library Bureau, 
 which became the Literary Bureau after the Lawrence 
 Convention in 1892, and devoted its energies to out- 
 lining and developing a literary program in the chapter 
 meetings, and especially to the study of woman's work 
 and achievements. In 1893, some time shortly after that 
 memorable World's Fair Convention in Chicago, Miss 
 Turner, who had become the head of the National 
 Alumnae Association, suggested to the Grand Council 
 that the Fraternity make the study of our history its 
 literary work, and it was accordingly assigned to the 
 Literary Bureau. 
 
 Under the able management of Florence Chase (Cass), 
 of Michigan Alpha, chairman of the Literary Bureau 
 from 1893 to 1895, our first examination was held in 
 April, 1894, and proved so highly satisfactory and im- 
 portant to the right development of our members that 
 they were continued annually until 1899, when, at the 
 Boulder Convention, the Constitution was revised, mak- 
 
 227 
 
228 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 ing it one of the Province President's duties " to con- 
 duct an examination on the Fraternity Constitution 
 and Statutes, history and policy, and on parliamentary 
 law," to be taken by every chapter between December 1 
 and March 31, and the Literary Bureau Committee was 
 dispensed with. 
 
 At the Evanston Convention in 1912, the preparation 
 of these examinations was transferred to the hands of 
 a Committee on Fraternity Examinations, composed at 
 the present time of Edith L. Carpenter, Vermont Beta, 
 chairman, Louise de la Barre-Branasch, Minnesota Al- 
 pha, Mollie Brown- Worcester, Colorado Alpha, Grace 
 Fahenstock-Birmingham, Illinois Delta, and Nellie B. 
 Wallbank, Illinois Beta. 
 
 These examinations have been of incalculable benefit 
 to Pi Beta Phi, compelling the members to become fa- 
 miliar with the ideals, government and discipline of the 
 organization, helping them to the better and broader 
 understanding of what is expected of a fraternity mem- 
 ber. 
 
 Too often the fraternity girl's world is bounded by 
 the horizon of her own chapter, if left untrained, and 
 she fails to realize that she stands for a living example, 
 not alone of her own Greek organization, but all Greeks. 
 
 " What Pi Beta Phi means to each of us we cannot 
 express in words; what she is to us we can best show 
 in our daily acts, and in our kindness to those around 
 us. Our Fraternity is the secret stimulus which spurs 
 us ever onward to things that are ' noble, good and 
 true/ and the girl who has pledged herself to think only 
 on these things, feels the desire to be the embodiment 
 
FRATERNITY EXAMINATIONS 229 
 
 of these noble qualities arising with such irresistible 
 force within her that her thoughts and actions are di- 
 rected toward the good of the Fraternity and her asso- 
 ciates." 
 
" As gold more splendid from the fire appears, 
 So friendship brightens with the length of years." 
 
 MEANDER. 
 
CHAPTER XIX 
 
 PAN- HELLENIC CONVENTIONS 
 
 IN response to the invitation of Kappa Kappa Gamma, 
 delegates from (1) Kappa Alpha Theta, (2) Kappa 
 Kappa Gamma, (3) Alpha Phi, (4) Delta Gamma, (5) 
 Gamma Phi Beta, (6) Delta Delta Delta and (7) Pi Beta 
 Phi met in Boston on April 15, 1891, to discuss methods 
 for the betterment of fraternity conditions in the differ- 
 ent colleges. This Convention elected Lucy Wight, Kappa 
 Kappa Gamma, president, Margaret Smith, Kappa Al- 
 pha Theta, vice-president, and Emma Harper Turner, 
 Pi Beta Phi, secretary. Into the hands of five commit- 
 tees the principal topics under discussion were placed 
 for submission to their respective fraternities. These 
 topics covered a combined effort to: (1) secure uniform- 
 ity of inter-fraternity courtesy, (2) cooperation in pur- 
 chasing fraternity jewelry and stationery, (3) Pan- 
 Hellenic plans for the World's Fair in Chicago, (4) 
 uniformity in dates of fraternity publications, and (5) 
 inter-chapter cooperation and etiquette. The Conven- 
 tion having no legislative power, it could recommend 
 only, which it did by bringing these five subjects before 
 their organizations. To keep alive this work, a stand- 
 ing committee composed of one representative from each 
 fraternity present, with Emma Harper Turner, Pi Beta 
 
 233 
 
234 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 Phi, as chairman, and Lucy Evelyn Wight, Kappa 
 Kappa Gamma, as secretary, was elected. 
 
 On the 16th, at a reception given by Phi Chapter of 
 Kappa Kappa Gamma, Mrs. Julia Ward Howe received 
 the guests, assisted by Miss Kingsburg and one delegate 
 from each fraternity of the Convention. This Conven- 
 tion will long be remembered for its delightful inter- 
 fraternity fellowship and cordial good will, and may be 
 considered the forerunner of our present-day Pan- 
 Hellenic Congress. (See Arrow, June, 1891.) 
 
 The Congress of Fraternities. During the Congress 
 of Fraternities, held in Chicago, during the World's 
 Columbian Fair, July 19 and 20, the morning session of 
 July 20 was devoted to women's college fraternities. 
 Mrs. Charles Henrotin delivered the address of welcome, 
 also addresses were delivered by representatives from 
 Kappa Kappa Gamma, Gamma Phi Beta, Delta Gamma, 
 Delta Delta Delta, Alpha Phi, and by Mrs. Gertrude 
 Boughton Blackwelder, of Pi Beta Phi. Mrs. Bough- 
 ton's paper was on the " Ethics of Fraternity," and it 
 was reprinted by several of the fraternity magazines 
 and highly complimented. 
 
 A social meeting of grand officers was held in the 
 afternoon, and a Pan-Hellenic reception was held in the 
 New York Building in the evening, which proved a de- 
 lightful Pan-Hellenic occasion. Pi Beta Phi had the 
 largest representation of any woman's fraternity at this 
 reception. 
 
 At the World's Fair, Pi Beta Phi was associated with 
 Kappa Alpha Theta, Delta Gamma, Gamma Phi Beta 
 and Delta Delta Delta in a Fraternity Booth in the Or- 
 
PAN -HELLENIC CONVENTIONS 235 
 
 ganization Room of the Woman's Building, where a 
 resting-place for fraternity women was provided, and 
 also a register for the names of members. 
 
 While these meetings seemed to be filled with inter- 
 sorority enthusiasm, the time proved not ripe for the 
 permanent organization until years later. 
 
 The First Inter-Sorority Conference. In response to 
 an invitation from Mrs. Margaret Mason-Whitney, Na- 
 tional President of Alpha Phi, representatives of seven 
 national fraternities (Kappa Alpha Theta, Kappa 
 Kappa Gamma, Gamma Phi Beta, Delta Gamma, Delta 
 Delta Delta, Alpha Phi and Pi Beta Phi) met at Co- 
 lumbus Memorial Building, Chicago, on May 24, 1902, 
 for the purpose of forming a permanent Pan-Hellenic 
 organization. Mrs. Laura H. Newton, Kappa Alpha 
 Theta, was elected chairman, and Minnie Ruth Terry, 
 Alpha Phi, secretary. After informal but important 
 discussion, the recommendations of the conference were 
 embodied in six resolutions, which were submitted to 
 the several fraternities as a foundation for the by-laws 
 of the proposed organization. Elizabeth Gamble repre- 
 sented Pi Beta Phi. " It was recommended that a sim- 
 ilar meeting, called by each of the several fraternities in 
 rotation, be held annually, to which a delegate shall be 
 appointed from each of the several fraternities, the 
 meeting of 1903 to be called by Gamma Phi Beta in 
 St. Louis." (See Arrow, July, 1902.) 
 
 The Second Inter-Sorority Conference met at the call 
 of Gamma Phi Beta, in St. Louis, on September 19, 1903, 
 to receive the reports upon the six resolutions submitted 
 by the First Conference, and to form if possible an 
 
236 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 inter-sorority compact. Alpha Chi Omega and Chi 
 Omega sent delegates, making nine fraternities in the 
 conference. Mrs. Laura B. Norton, Kappa Alpha Theta, 
 was chosen chairman, and Lillian Thompson, Gamma 
 Phi Beta, secretary. The reports showed that the ma- 
 jority of fraternities refused to adopt the recommenda- 
 tions of the previous conference, and no sorority com- 
 pact was formed. The conference ordered the forma- 
 tion of Pan-Hellenic associations in every institution in 
 which two or more national fraternities existed, to be 
 formed of one alumna and one active member from each 
 chapter represented in the conference, " the first chap- 
 ter established in each institution being empowered to 
 organize the Pan-Hellenic association there, chairman- 
 ship to be held in rotation by each chapter in the order 
 of its establishment." (See Arrow, November, 1903.) 
 The Third Inter-Sorority Conference was called by 
 Delta Gamma, and met in Chicago on September 16 and 
 17, 1904. Alpha Xi Delta was represented, but Alpha 
 Chi Omega sent no representative. Grace Telling, Delta 
 Gamma, was made chairman, and Amy Olgen (Parme- 
 lee), Delta Delta Delta, secretary. Pi Beta Phi was 
 represented by Elizabeth Gamble. The question of ro- 
 tation in calling the conferences was decided by adopt- 
 ing the following roster: (1) Pi Beta Phi, (2) Kappa 
 Alpha Theta, (3) Kappa Kappa Gamma, (4) Delta 
 Gamma, (5) Alpha Phi, (6) Gamma Phi Beta, (7) Al- 
 pha Chi Omega, (8) Delta Delta Delta, (9) Alpha Xi 
 Delta, (10) Chi Omega; and it was agreed that the 
 delegate from the fraternity calling the conference 
 should act as chairman, and the delegate from the fra- 
 
PAN -HELLENIC CONVENTIONS 237 
 
 ternity next in order should be secretary. C{ Each 
 sorority was asked to instruct its chapters that the pur- 
 pose of the different Pan-Hellenic associations was not 
 merely to promote good feeling and social intercourse, 
 but especially to discuss and act upon all matters of 
 inter-sorority interest with a view to raising fraternity 
 standards and ameliorating existing evils. " (See Ar- 
 row, November, 1904.) 
 
 The Fourth Inter-Sorority Conference met in Chi- 
 cago, September 15 and 16, 1905; Amy H. Olgen (Par- 
 malee), Delta Delta Delta, was chairman, and Mrs. Rob- 
 ert Leib, Alpha Xi Delta, was secretary. Pi Beta Phi 
 was represented by Elizabeth Gamble. Alpha Omicron 
 Pi was admitted to the conference. It was voted that 
 no sorority should be admitted to membership in the 
 conference which had less than five chapters, or which 
 maintained a chapter in a school below collegiate rank. 
 A constitution was presented for submission to the heads 
 of the different fraternities. (See Arrow, November, 
 1905.) 
 
 The Fifth Inter-Sorority Conference was called by 
 Mrs. Robert Leib, Alpha Xi Delta, in Chicago, on Sep- 
 tember 14, 1906, with Jobelle Holcombe, Chi Omega, 
 acting as secretary. A committee on credentials re- 
 ported the following present: (1) Pi Beta Phi, Eliz- 
 abeth Gamble; (2) Kappa Alpha Theta, Mrs. Laura H. 
 Norton; (3) Kappa Kappa Kappa, George Challoner; 
 (4) Delta Gamma, Margaret Sheppard; (5) Alpha Phi, 
 Mrs. J. H. McElroy; (6) Gamma Phi Beta, Lillian W. 
 Thompson; (7) Alpha Chi Omega, Mrs. Richard Ten- 
 nant; (8) Delta Delta Delta, Amy Olgen Parmelee; 
 
238 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 (9) Alpha Xi Delta, Mrs. Robert Leib; (10) Chi Omega, 
 Jobelle Holcombe; (11) Sigma Kappa, Mrs. G. A. 
 Marsh; (12) Alpha Omicron Pi, Mrs. Clifford Bigelow. 
 This conference adopted a model constitution for local 
 Pan-Hellenic associations. It was moved that sororities 
 in high schools and other secondary schools be discoun- 
 tenanced. (See Arrow, November, 1906.) 
 
 The Sixth Inter-Sorority Conference met in Chicago, 
 September 13, 1907, with Miss Jobelle Holcombe, Chi 
 Omega, as chairman, and Elda L. Smith, Pi Beta Phi, 
 as secretary. The proposed constitutions for the con- 
 ference and for the local associations were discussed. 
 Alumnae were urged to assist in solving local Pan- 
 Hellenic differences. Marked progress along the line 
 of social service was reported. (See Arrow, November, 
 1907.) 
 
 The Seventh Inter-Sorority Conference met in Chi- 
 cago on September 11, 1908, at the call of Pi Beta Phi, 
 Anna W. Lytle (Tannahill) presiding and L. Pearle 
 Green, Kappa Alpha Theta, acting as secretary. The 
 proposed constitution for the conference was accepted 
 by all the sororities present, and the name of the organ- 
 ization was changed to National Pan-Hellenic Confer- 
 ence. Much important business was transacted at this 
 conference. (See Arrow, November, 1908.) 
 
 The Eighth National Pan-Hellenic Conference met in 
 Chicago September 17 and 18, 1909, L. Pearle Green, 
 Kappa Alpha Theta, presiding, and Edith Stoner, 
 Kappa Kappa Gamma, acting as secretary. Pi Beta 
 Phi was represented by May L. Keller. Zeta Tau Alpha 
 and Alpha Gamma Delta were admitted to the confer- 
 
PAN -HELLENIC CONVENTIONS 239 
 
 ence and sent representatives. Upon recommendation 
 of the Extension Committee and by vote of the grand 
 presidents Alpha Delta Phi and Delta Zeta were ad- 
 mitted. The fraternities were asked to vest limited leg- 
 islative power in their delegates and that seven-eights 
 vote should decide matters voted upon at the confer- 
 ence; members were urged not to allow fraternity loy- 
 alty to conflict with college loyalty. A new model con- 
 stitution for local associations was prepared. (See Ar- 
 row, November, 1909.) 
 
 The Ninth National Pan-Hellenic Conference was held 
 in Chicago on September 16 and 17, 1910, Mrs. A. H. 
 Roth, Kappa Kappa Gamma, presiding, with Mar- 
 guerite B. Lake, Delta Gamma, acting as secretary. Pi 
 Beta Phi was represented by Elda L. Smith. Sixteen 
 fraternities sent delegates. Alpha Delta Phi and Delta 
 Zeta were represented for the first time. A material 
 strengthening of the value of these conferences dates 
 from about this time. Much valuable discussion and 
 legislation characterizes the meetings. One hundred 
 and twenty-two fraternity women met at luncheon at 
 the Chicago Beach Hotel. (See Arrow, January, 1911.) 
 
 The Tenth National Pan-Hellenic Conference met at 
 Evanston, Illinois, November 3 and 4, 1911, with Mar- 
 guerite Lake, Delta Gamma, presiding and Mrs. John 
 Howard McElroy acting as secretary. Pi Beta Phi was 
 represented by May L. Keller. The name of the con- 
 ference was changed to National Pan-Hellenic Congress. 
 A new constitution was adopted, which granted limited 
 legislative power to the delegates. Government be- 
 tween sessions was placed in the hands of an executive 
 
240 PI" BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 committee of three, to serve as chairman, secretary and 
 treasurer. Provision was made for the issuing of quar- 
 terly bulletins. The conference closed with a Pan-Hel- 
 lenic luncheon in Patton Gymnasium, Northwestern 
 University, at which covers were laid for three hundred 
 and fifty. Thirty-one Pi Phis were present, represent- 
 ing fifteen different chapters. (See Arrow, January, 
 1912.) 
 
 The Eleventh Pan-Hellenic Congress met at the Con- 
 gress Hotel, Chicago, on October 17, 18 and 19, 1912, 
 with Mrs. Cora Allen McElroy, Alpha Phi, presiding 
 and Lillian Thompson, Gamma Phi Beta, acting as sec- 
 retary. Mrs. James L. Lardner was the delegate from 
 Pi Beta Phi. During the year Phi Mu and Kappa 
 Delta were admitted to the Congress. Mrs. Ida Shaw 
 Martin, Delta Delta Delta, was appointed Historian of 
 the Congress for the coming five years. The following 
 committees were appointed to work during the coming 
 year and report to the Twelfth Congress : Committee 
 on Point System, Committee on Investigating Inter- 
 fraternity Organizations, and Committee to Investigate 
 Sophomore Pledge Day. Three hundred and ninety-one 
 fraternity women and one fraternity man (Mr. George 
 Banta, Phi Delta Theta) were present at the annual 
 Pan-Hellenic luncheon in Patton Gymnasium, North- 
 western University, Evenston, with Mrs. McElroy toast- 
 mistress. (See Arrow, January, 1913.) 
 
 The Twelfth Pan-Hellenic Congress met at the Con- 
 gress Hotel, Chicago, on October 16, 17 and 18, 1913, 
 with Lillian Thompson, Gamma Phi Beta, presiding, 
 Lois Smith-Crann, Alpha Chi Omega, acting secretary, 
 
PAN -HELLENIC CONVENTIONS 241 
 
 and Amy Olgen-Parmelee, Delta Delta Delta, treasurer. 
 Mrs. J. L. Lardner was the delegate from Pi Beta Phi. 
 City Pan-Hellenics reported. Contested fraternity 
 fields discussed; resolution passed, " That no fraternity 
 represented in the National Pan-Hellenic Congress bid 
 a girl who has been a member of a so-called sorority, or 
 other secret Greek letter society of similar nature, exist- 
 ing in a high school or other school of equivalent stand- 
 ing, whether such society exist openly or secretly. This- 
 ruling to apply to a person who shall either accept or 
 retain membership in such society after September, 
 1915." Financial support was given the Chicago Colle- 
 giate Bureau of Occupation. The first conference of 
 editors of fraternity magazines met in connection with 
 this Congress, on the 16th of October. (See Arrow, 
 December, 1913.) 
 
 The Thirteenth National Pan-Hellenic Congress met 
 at the McAlpin Hotel, New York, on October 15, 16 
 and 17, 1914, Mrs. J. H. Crann presiding, Mrs. E. N. 
 Parmalee acting as secretary, and Miss Lena G. Baldwin 
 reported as treasurer. Mrs. J. L. Lardner was the 
 delegate from Pi Beta Phi. A meeting of the Grand 
 Presidents preceded the Congress. Eighteen fraterni- 
 ties submitted their annual reports. The business of the 
 Congress was systematized and reported through the 
 following standing committees: (1) Eligibility, (2) 
 Extension, (3) Social Customs, (4) Conference with 
 College Presidents, (5) Local Pan-Hellenics, (6) Rec- 
 commendations, (7) City Pan-Hellenics, (8) to Study 
 Secrecy of College Fraternities, (9) to Study Certain 
 Definite Phases of Fraternity Life, (10) on Codifi- 
 
242 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 cation, (11) on Compilation of Material in Frater- 
 nity Reference Bureau, and (12) on Recast of Eligi- 
 bility Matriculation Clause. The Executive Committee 
 for 1914-1915: Chairman, Mrs. E. N. Parmalee, Delta 
 Delta Delta; Secretary, Miss Lena G. Baldwin, Alpha 
 Xi Delta; Treasurer, Mrs. Mary C. Love-Collins, Chi 
 Omega. Three hundred and seventy-seven " Greeks " 
 sat at luncheon together at the McAlpin Hotel, at which 
 Mrs. Crann presided as toastmistress. (See Arroiv, De- 
 cember, 1914.) 
 
" It has seemed to me that three things must enter 
 into the life of every wholesome girl: loyalty to ideals , 
 which must never waver; enthusiasm and steadfast 
 purpose in following the gleam; and the desire for 
 service , ivhich, when granted, makes life worth living." 
 SOPHIE WOODMAN. 
 
I 
 
 tuo 
 
CHAPTER XX 
 
 PI BETA PHI SETTLEMENT SCHOOL 
 
 EMMA HARPER TURNER, delegate from the Washing- 
 ton Alumnae Club, presented to the Alumnae at its regu- 
 lar convention meeting on June 29, 1910, a proposition 
 for the establishment of a settlement school in the Ap- 
 palachian Mountains in honor of the Founders and 
 founding of Pi Beta Phi. The idea met with the enthu- 
 siastic support of the Alumnae, and a committee, with 
 Anna F. T. Pettit (Broomell), Pennsylvania Alpha as 
 chairman, was instructed to present the matter to the 
 National Convention. Mrs. Pettit-Broomell, as chair- 
 man, offered the following recommendation, at the 
 morning session of June 30, 1910: (1) " That the 
 sanction of this Convention be given to a plan sug- 
 gested by the Washington Alumnae Club for a settle- 
 ment school in the Appalachian Mountains in honor of 
 the Founders and founding of Pi Beta Phi, thus open- 
 ing the doors of opportunity to Pi Beta Phi to become 
 a pioneer among women's fraternities in one of the 
 great altruistic movements of the present day. That 
 this worthy memorial be dedicated to our Founders on 
 the fiftieth anniversary of the Fraternity: (2) That the 
 following committee, representing the National Alumnae, 
 be elected by Convention to outline and develop the 
 work : Emma Harper Turner, Columbia Alpha, Julia 
 E. Rogers, Iowa Zeta, Mary B. Harris, Pennsylvania 
 
 245 
 
246 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 Beta, Leila R. Soule (Bitting), Michigan Alpha, Jennie 
 C. Rainey, Louisiana Alpha, Mary E. Wallihan (Gib- 
 son), Colorado Beta, Alice C. Stewart- Wolf, Illinois 
 Delta, Edith L. Carpenter, Vermont Beta, Jennie B. 
 Allyn, Massachusetts Alpha, and Anna F. T. Pettit 
 (Broomell), Pennsylvania Alpha." The proposition 
 met with the hearty support of the National Convention 
 and the committee began its work at once. The follow- 
 ing eighteen months were spent in careful and extensive 
 investigations of the needy fields. By the process of 
 elimination, the investigators, May L. Keller, Anna 
 Pettit (Broomell) and Emma Harper Turner, finally 
 settled upon Gatlinburg, Tennessee, as the most isolated 
 and needy place in the Appalachian Mountains, and on 
 February 20, 1912. the doors of the Pi Beta Phi Settle- 
 ment School were opened for scholars, with Miss Martha 
 Hill, an experienced mountain worker, as teacher. Our 
 schoolhouse was a rented building alongside the main 
 road, overlooking the Little Pigeon River, while the 
 teacher's cottage, which had been simply but com- 
 fortably furnished, stood back on the mountainside at 
 the edge of the thick wood. The first term of school 
 opened with thirteen pupils, and closed June 28 with 
 thirty-three pupils. 
 
 At the Evanston Convention, in July, 1912, upon the 
 recommendation of the original committee of ten, the 
 National Convention requested the Chicago Alumnae 
 Club to assume control of the Settlement School. This 
 second committee was composed of Elizabeth A. Clarke- 
 Helmick, Michigan Alpha, Kate B. Miller, Iowa Beta, 
 Lulu Alvord-Barrett, Michigan Alpha, Dema Harsh- 
 
Mary O. Pollard. 
 
 Dell Gillett Morgan. 
 
 Pi Beta Phi Cottage. 
 
PI BETA PHI SETTLEMENT SCHOOL 247 
 
 barger, Illinois Delta, and Lucy Hammond- Von Hoist, 
 Colorado Beta. , 
 
 In August, the second session, with Miss Hill cooper- 
 ating and working in junction with the native district 
 teacher, opened with over seventy scholars. On Decem- 
 ber 1, the county school funds having become exhausted, 
 we sent our first Pi Phi teacher, Dell Gillette (Morgan), 
 Illinois Zeta, to Miss Hills 's assistance, and from the 
 infusion of real Pi Phi earnestness and spirit into our 
 mountain work, the school has grown beyond our most 
 sanguine hopes in its usefulness and far-reaching and 
 lasting good. This session closed the last of March with 
 over one hundred regular pupils, some of whom had 
 moved to Gatlinburg for the school, and others were 
 walking ten miles daily to attend. Besides the regular 
 school work, sewing and cooking classes were organized, 
 and industrial work became a feature. 
 
 In July, 1913, the people of Gatlinburg gave to the 
 Fraternity thirty-five acres of the choicest land in the 
 district for its permanent home. The buildings on the 
 property were put in good repair, and the third session 
 of the school began in August in our own building 
 the same one in which Miss Hill had opened the school 
 the previous year. Abbie B. Langmaid, Minnesota 
 Alpha, assisted by Helen Bryan, New York Beta, was 
 in charge until October, when Mary 0. Pollard, Ver- 
 mont Alpha, succeeded to head resident. In December 
 the contract was let to C. R. Williams and A. J. Huff for 
 building the six-room schoolhouse. Lumber was sawed 
 from logs from the mountainsides, and the carpenters 
 were mostly men of the neighborhood. Our greatest bill 
 
248 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 of expense was the freighting over the mountains, mak- 
 ing the building, when completed, cost $3,560. 
 
 In January, 1914, our work had increased to such 
 proportions that two more workers were necessary, and 
 Edith Wilson, Indiana Alpha, and Leah Stock, Mich- 
 igan Alpha, volunteered their services, making four 
 teachers, with one hundred and twenty-seven pupils. 
 The industrial and settlement work had grown to be so 
 important that when school closed on April 3, 1914, 
 Miss Pollard remained on. During the Spring she or- 
 ganized the first Tomato Club of the county, and fa- 
 miliarized herself with the industrial needs of the peo- 
 ple, and studied to help them as only an intelligent, 
 earnest, self-sacrificing person can. She had the state 
 hookworm specialist at the school and personally 
 helped in waging war against that ever present pest 
 among these people. The generous supply of seeds and 
 bulbs sent by the U. S. Agricultural Department at 
 Washington was distributed among the people and in- 
 structions given for beautifying their yards and homes. 
 
 During the first week in July the Grand Council were 
 guests of the School, and upon July 9th, the new six- 
 room school building was dedicated, in the presence of 
 eight Pi Phis and some five hundred people. 
 
 The fourth session of the school opened August 10, 
 1914, with Mary 0. Pollard, head resident, Edith Wil- 
 son and Marie Ditmars, Indiana Alpha, and Margaret 
 Young, Illinois Epsilon, as assistants, and with one 
 hundred and thirty-four pupils. The County School 
 Board voted the county appropriation of $375 to the 
 Pi Beta Phi Settlement School. 
 
Pi Beta Phi School 1915. 
 
 fll'lHn ! > ;| !" I V'l>, 
 
 ..',. 
 
 1 ' " . r! . ; . : \t, 
 
 Settlement School Assistants. 
 
PI BETA PHI SETTLEMENT SCHOOL 249 
 
 After the most profitable session in the history of the 
 undertaking, school closed on April 2, 1915. 
 
 The mountain people among whom our Pi Phis are 
 laboring are a sturdy American strain; their ancestors 
 were the patriots of the Revolutionary days of our 
 country, and the account of the victories won by them 
 in these very mountains make an important chapter in 
 our country's history. They came from strong Scotch- 
 Irish and pure English stock and to-day are as primi- 
 tive and simple as we might have found our own ances- 
 tors centuries ago. Their ignorance, and all that goes 
 with generations of neglect, are beyond our imagina- 
 tion. For generations, many of them have not seen a 
 book or magazine; no new blood has come into their 
 settlements, and many have never been ten miles from 
 their door-steps. It has been estimated that not over 
 one per cent, of the isolated mountain people can read 
 or write. Their lives and living have drifted back in 
 many cases to almost the animal existence, though by 
 instinct they are courteous and kind. The object of the 
 school is to teach the people to read and write, to sew 
 and cook, to develop the natural resources at their doors, 
 and to make them a useful and happy people in the 
 mountains, and an honor to their country. 
 
 "We. Pi Phi sisters here, they, hillfolk sisters there, 
 We, in the midst of all things lovely and true, 
 They, for whom the whole world seems askew, 
 Shall we, the women on whom God's light 
 Shines, not by reason of our bright, 
 Refuse to share it with our sisters there ? " 
 
 Kate B. Miller. 
 
" True friends have no solitary joy or sorrow." 
 WM. ELLERY C BANNING. 
 
CHAPTER XXI 
 
 CONCLUSION 
 
 Pi BETA PHI FRATERNITY is an organization including 
 among her members women in every walk of life who 
 have pledged themselves to a " friendship that by the 
 very privacy of the organization may have a deeper 
 meaning than those of every day life; friendship that 
 means companionship in its threefold character of 
 similarity of tastes, confidence and steadfastness." No 
 one is invited to membership until the utmost care has 
 been taken to ascertain that this exists. Pi Beta Phi 
 teaches unselfishness, patience, self-control, charity, 
 sympathy, purity, love and friendship in their purer 
 and truer sense; she teaches that there are common 
 and binding ties other than those of family blood. 
 Through forty-eight years and by over eight thousand 
 women these standards of life and thought, duty and 
 responsibility have been upheld, demanding the very 
 best in her members and championing the very best in 
 life. We expect more of our members because of the 
 fact that they belong to Pi Beta Phi. 
 
 It has been claimed that fraternities are exclusive. 
 Very true, they are exclusive as every family is exclu- 
 sive, or as each church organization is exclusive, or as 
 clubs are exclusive. However, membership in Pi Beta 
 Phi is not confined to the wealthy, or even to those 
 brilliant in mind and beautiful in face or figure, but is 
 
 253 
 
254 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 composed of kindred and congenial spirits, selected with 
 great care in order that her members may perpetuate 
 the vows of her Founders and members as we select our 
 lifelong friends in every-day life. If it were otherwise, 
 and these conditions were not forced upon us, its strong- 
 hold upon the lives of her members would be lost. 
 
 The fraternity is not a family, church nor club, and 
 yet some of the ruling ideas of each must be woven into 
 her structure. Upon entering college for the first time, 
 the fraternity furnishes the initiate her college home 
 life. The love, loyalty and close companionship of 
 home are found in the fraternity, and its union and 
 relationship are very strong and sacred. * ' The cardinal 
 virtues of the happy family circle are the fundamental 
 props of the fraternity." The chapter house, presided 
 over by a woman of ability, culture and experience takes 
 the place of the home when the girl starting upon her 
 college career is particularly in need of the close com- 
 panionship of those who will treat her with a mixture 
 of charity and frank criticism and in the fraternity 
 she receives the love, sympathv and guidance that 
 would be given her by her parents. Some one has ex- 
 claimed: " Blessings on the chapter house around which 
 clusters some of the most precious associations of col- 
 lege life. Though its roof may leak, or its furnace 
 smoke, though its landlord may scold or its mortgage 
 clamor, it will always stretch its wings to cover just one 
 more homesick freshman or old alumna, and it can hold 
 more good times than all the marble halls that were 
 ever built in Spain." 
 
 It has been claimed that Fraternities cultivate the 
 
CONCLUSION 255 
 
 social side of college life to the sacrifice of scholarship. 
 Membership in Pi Beta Phi is condusive to better scholar- 
 ship. She demands that her members live up to a high 
 standard of scholarship, and she maintains a scholarship 
 committee in each chapter which is responsible to the 
 Fraternity for the scholastic standing of her chapter. 
 At least once each year every chapter is visited by one 
 of the Fraternity's officers for thorough inspection and 
 advice. She confers with the Dean of Women and tries 
 to ascertain accurately just how each member of the 
 chapter stands in scholarship and in college activities. 
 Low scholarship is a subject for discipline and continued 
 low scholarship caused by neglect or indifference is pun- 
 ishable by forfeiture of the charter of the chapter. 
 
 " Life in every chapter is a practical training school 
 for the cultivation and strengthening of self-control, 
 self-restraint, loyalty, intelligent consideration of others, 
 keenness of judgment and larger opportunities in col- 
 lege and life." The Big Sister movement is strongly 
 exemplified in the fraternity life and the fraternity 
 house offers the family care and love and mutual help- 
 fulness of the home, while to be appreciated, trusted, 
 loved, makes the joy of endeavor and work more keen 
 and the sting of sorrow and disappointment less poig- 
 nant. There are thousands of college women to-day who 
 will support the statement that their fraternity friend- 
 ships were the best gift of their college course. The 
 close organization, lifelong intimacy and personal cul- 
 ture, cooperation with one another and loyalty unto 
 death incite us to strive for the very best possible in us 
 and for each other. The greatest benefit comes to the 
 
256 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 fraternity girl herself in the developing and strengthen- 
 ing of her own character. " Her high aim in life is 
 forced upon her by nature of the conditions of her mem- 
 bership and life in the fraternity." 
 
 In her initiation ceremony every Pi Beta Phi pledges 
 her loyalty to her Alma Mater, and she insists that her 
 members at all times support the college authorities. In- 
 fringement or violation of college rights and rules are 
 liable to punishment and even expulsion of the erring 
 member. Our members are impressed with the teaching 
 that ' ' in the classroom a Pi Beta Phi 's faithfulness, ear- 
 nestness and courtesy must be ever apparent and at all 
 times the life of a Pi Beta Phi must be so womanly as 
 to set a standard for the society in which she moves." 
 
 The Fraternity in its organization and all that it 
 teaches and stands for in the lives of its members is 
 unimpeachable and deserves the generous support of all 
 parents and educators. College spirit and standards 
 are strengthened by the Fraternity, making her a prom- 
 inent and worthy factor in college life, and many a 
 student has been led to complete her course against 
 great odds through her fraternity's influence and aid. 
 
 The Arrow of Pi Beta Phi, worn upon the breast of 
 her members is the " outward and visible sign of the 
 inward and spiritual grace " that has indelibly placed 
 its approval upon nothing short of the true, honest, 
 just, pure, lovely. 
 
 " Any institution that fosters true friendship and 
 love for another, high ideals and aims in living, striving 
 for the beautiful and virtuous in life should be encour- 
 aged for these are the central force of all right living. ' ' 
 
" Finally, whatsoever things are true, 
 Whatsoever things are honest, 
 Whatsoever things are just, 
 Whatsoever things are pure, 
 Whatsoever things are lovely, 
 Whatsoever things are of good report 
 If there be any virtue and if there 
 Be any praise, think on these things. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 FRATERNITY DIRECTORY 
 
 FOUNDERS OF THE FRATERNITY 
 Maggie Campbell, Thyne Institute, Chase City, Va. 
 Libbie Brook -Gaddis, 1005 S. Third St., Champaign, HI. 
 Ada Bruen-Grier, 16 Thomas Ave., Bellevue, Pa. 
 Clara Brownlee-Hutchinson, Monmouth, 111. 
 Emma Brownlee-Kilgore, 7639 Lowe Ave., Chicago, 111. 
 Fannie Whitenack-Libby, Goodhue, Minn. 
 Rose Moore, 59 East 21st St., New York City. 
 Ina Smith-Soule, 912 North L St., Tacoma, Wash. 
 Jennie Horne-Turnbull, 2510 N. 32d St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Fannie Thompson (deceased). 
 Nancy Black-Wallace, 1049 Court St., Salem, Ore. 
 
 GRAND COUNCIL 
 
 Grand President May L. Keller, Westhampton College, Rich- 
 mond, Va. 
 
 Grand Vice -President Lida Burkhard Lardner (Mrs. J. L.), 
 810 Milburn St., Evanston, 111. 
 
 Grand Secretary. Amy B. Onken, Chapin, 111. 
 
 Grand Treasurer Anne Stuart, 1906 D St., Lincoln, Neb. 
 
 Arrow Editor Sarah Pomeroy-Rugg (Mrs. F. A.), 580 Com- 
 monwealth Ave., Boston, Mass. 
 
 259 
 
260 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 HISTORIAN 
 Elizabeth Clarke Helmick (Mrs. Eli A.), Fort Sheridan, HL 
 
 CATALOGUER 
 Kate McLaughlin Bourne (Mrs. Harry S.), Lewisburg, Pa. 
 
 ALUMNAE EDITOR 
 Sophie Parsons Woodman, 561 West 186th St., New York City. 
 
 Pi Beta Phi Representative in National Pan-Hellenic Con- 
 gress Lida Burkhard Lardner (Mrs, J. L.), 810 Milburn St., 
 Evanston, HL 
 
 ALPHA PROVINCE 
 
 President Anna Robinson-Nickerson (Mrs. David D.), 74 
 Rockland Ave., Maiden. Mass. 
 
 Ontario Alpha University of Toronto. Vermont Alpha 
 Middlebury College. Vermont Beta University of Vermont. 
 Massachusetts Alpha Boston University. New York Alpha 
 Syracuse University. New York Beta Barnard College. 
 New York Gamma St. Lawrence University. Maryland Al- 
 pha Goucher College. Columbia Alpha George Washington 
 University. Virginia Alpha Randolph-Macon College. 
 Florida Alpha John. B. Stetson University, 
 
 BETA PROVINCE 
 
 President Anna F. T. Pettit-Broomell (Mrs. G. L.), 4929 
 Rubican Ave.. Gennantown, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
FRATERNITY DIRECTORY 261 
 
 Pennsylvania Alpha Swarthmore College. Pennsylvania 
 Beta Bucknell University. Pennsylvania Gamma Dickin- 
 son College. Ohio Alpha Ohio University. Ohio Beta 
 Ohio State University. Michigan Alpha Hillsdale College. 
 Michigan Beta University of Michigan. 
 
 GAMMA PROVINCE 
 
 President Kate B. Miller, 112 S. Ashland Blvd., Chicago, HI. 
 
 Minnesota Alpha University of Minnesota. Wisconsin Al- 
 pha University of Wisconsin. Illinois Beta Lombard Col- 
 lege. Illinois Delta Knox College. Illinois Epsilon 
 Northwestern University. Illinois Zeta University of Illi- 
 nois. Illinois Eta James Millikin University. Indiana 
 Alpha Franklin College. Indiana Beta University of In- 
 diana. Indiana Gamma Butler College. 
 
 DELTA PROVINCE 
 
 President Lois Janvier, 1445 Webster St., New Orleans, La. 
 
 Iowa Alpha Iowa Wesleyan College. Iowa Beta Simp- 
 son College. Iowa Gamma Iowa State College. Iowa 
 Zeta Iowa State University. Nebraska Beta University of 
 Nebraska. Missouri Alpha University of Missouri. Mis- 
 souri Beta Washington University. Missouri Gamma 
 Drury College. Kansas Alpha University of Kansas. Ar- 
 kansas Alpha University of Arkansas. Louisiana Alpha 
 Newcomb College. 
 
 EPSILON PROVINCE 
 
 President Gertrude Fitz-Randolph-Currens (Mra. J. W.), 1510 
 13th St., Boulder, Colo. 
 
 Oklahoma Alpha University of Oklahoma. Texas Alpha 
 University of Texas. Wyoming Alpha University of Wyo- 
 
262 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 ming. Colorado Alpha University of Colorado. Colorado 
 Beta University of Denver. 
 
 ZETA PROVINCE 
 
 President Marguerite Davis-Carney (Mrs. P. F.), 3504 Etna 
 St., Berkeley, Cal. 
 
 California Alpha Leland Stanford, Jr. California Beta 
 University of California. Washington Alpha University of 
 Washington. Washington Beta Washington State College. 
 
 ALUMNAE DEPARTMENT DIRECTORY 
 
 Secretary for the Alumnae and Grand Vice-President Lida 
 Burkhard Lardner (Mrs. J. L.), 810 Milburn St., Evanston, HI. 
 
 Alumnae Editor Sophie Parsons Woodman, 561 West 186 
 St., New York City. 
 
 Secretary for Foreign Countries Grand Vice -President. 
 
 Committee on Settlement School Elizabeth Clarke-Helmick 
 (Mrs. Eli A.), chairman and treasurer, Fort Sheridan, Illinois. 
 
 ALPHA PROVINCE 
 
 Vice-President Grace Goodhue-Coolidge (Mrs. Calvin), 21 
 Massasoit St., Northampton, Mass. 
 
 Baltimore, Md. Boston, Mass. Burlington, Vt. New 
 York, N.Y. Northern New York, Canton. Rhode Island. 
 Rochester, N.Y. Syracuse, N.Y. Toronto, Canada. 
 Washington, D. C. Western Massachusetts Alumnae. 
 
 BETA PROVINCE 
 
 Vice-President Elsa Schlicht, 210 N. Sandusky St., Bellevue, 
 Ohio. 
 
FRATERNITY DIRECTORY 263 
 
 Ann Arbor, Mich. Athens, Ohio. Carlisle, Pa. Cincin- 
 nati, Ohio. Cleveland, Ohio. Columbus, Ohio. Detroit, 
 Mich. Hillsdale, Mich. Lewisburg, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. Toledo, Ohio. Wooster, Ohio. 
 
 GAMMA PROVINCE 
 
 Vice-President Lisette Woerner Hampton (Mrs. W. S.), The 
 Elmore, Prospect, Ky. 
 
 Carthage, 111. Central Illinois. Chicago, HI. Decatur, 
 111. Franklin, Ind. Galesburg, 111. Indianapolis, Ind. 
 Louisville, Ky. Madison, Wis. Minneapolis, and St. Paul, 
 Minn. 
 
 DELTA PROVINCE 
 
 Vice-President Edith Baker, Webster Groves, Mo. 
 
 Ames, Iowa. Burlington, Iowa. Columbia, Mo. Des 
 Moines, Iowa. Fayetteville, Ark. Indianola, Iowa. Iowa 
 City, Iowa. Kansas City, Mo. Lawrence, Kan. Lincoln, 
 Neb. Mt. Pleasant, Iowa. New Orleans, La. Omaha, 
 Neb., and Council Bluffs, Iowa. St. Joseph, Mo. St. Louis, 
 Mo. Springfield, Mo. Sioux City, la. Sioux Falls, S. 
 Dak. Topeka, Kan. Tri-City Alumnae. York, Neb. 
 
 EPSILON PROVINCE 
 
 Vice-President Emily Maverick Miller (Mrs. E. T.), Univer- 
 sity Station, Austin, Tex. 
 
 Austin, Tex. Boulder, Colo. Dallas, Tex. Denver, Colo. 
 Houston, Tex. Laramie, Wyo. Oklahoma City, Okla. 
 Tulsa, Okla. Waco, Tex. 
 
264 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 
 
 ZETA PROVINCE 
 
 Vice-President Leta Horlocker, 418 Blanchard Building, Los 
 Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Los Angeles, Cal. Northern California. Portland, Ore. 
 Seattle, Wash. Spokane, Wash. 
 
INDEX 
 
 Advisory Committees, 84, 111. 
 
 Allen, Mary Gilmore-, 178. 
 
 Alpha Chapter, 74. 
 
 Alpha Delta Psi, 61. 
 
 Alpha Grand, 74, 75, 77, 92, 93, 
 94, 195. 
 
 Alpha Phi, 110, 233. 
 
 Alpha Phi Psi, 42. 
 
 Alpha Sigma Alpha, 51. 
 
 Alpha Tau Omega, 112. 
 
 Alpha Xi Theta, 36. 
 
 Alumnae Association, 82, 83, 
 100, 101, 105, 107, 133, 134. 
 136. 
 
 Alumnae and Associate Chap- 
 ters, 96, 129. 
 
 Alumnae Club, 139. 
 
 Alumnae Club Delegates, 113. 
 
 Alumnae Club Ritual, 101. 
 
 Alumnae Committee, 132. 
 
 Alumnae Conventions, 134, 135. 
 
 Alumnae Councils, 106. 
 
 Alumnae Day, 100. 
 
 Alumnae Department, 107, 111. 
 
 Alumnae Editor, 110, 135. 
 
 Alumnae Members, 116. 
 
 Alumnae Secretary, 100, 105, 
 116, 135. 
 
 Ames Alumnae Club, 140. 
 
 Ames Chapter, 92. 
 
 Ann Arbor, Michigan, 37. 
 
 Ann Arbor Alumnae Club, 141. 
 
 Annual Chapter Letters, 109. 
 
 Annual Examinations, 84. 
 
 Annual Message of Grand 
 President, 103. 
 
 Annual Tax, 102. 
 
 Archibald, Alleyne, 204, 221. 
 
 Arkansas Alpha, 48. 
 
 Arrow Editor, 83, 96, 104. 
 
 Arrow Publication, 99, 100, 102, 
 112, 114. 
 
 Arrow Subscriptions, 96, 106, 
 108, 111, 114, 184. 
 
 Asbury University, 62, 71, 90. 
 
 Athens Alumnae Club, 141. 
 
 Austin (Texas) Alumnae Club. 
 141. 
 
 Babcock, Mildred Babcock-, 223. 
 
 Badge, 22, 80, 84, 97, 108, 109, 
 116, 123, 124. 
 
 Baker, Edith, 118. 
 
 Ball, Stella E. Walter-, 33, 35, 
 178. 
 
 Baltimore Alumnae Club, 142. 
 
 Bancker, Mary Clark-, 184. 
 
 Banta Publishing Company, 
 189. 
 
 Baptist Young Ladies' Insti- 
 tute, 59, 90. 
 
 Barnard College, 46. 
 
 Barnes, Mary E. Miller-, 178. 
 
 Barrett, Lulu Alvord-, 246. 
 
 Bell, Georgia Burlingham-, 65. 
 
 Bell, Sadie B. Williams-, 105. 
 
 Bergenthall, Alice Dacy-, 185. 
 
 Beta Chapter of I. C., 36. 
 
 Beta Omega Chapter of I. C.. 
 66, 73. 
 
 Beta Theta Pi, 19, 95, 99. 
 
 Black, Nannie L. (Mrs. Wal- 
 lace), 19, 21, 31, 58, 59, 71, 
 89, 169. 
 
 Blackwelder, Gertrude Bough- 
 ton-, 82. 
 
 Bloomfield, Iowa, 92. 
 
 Bloomington, Indiana, 39. 
 
 Bolles, Nettie Hubbard, 178. 
 
 265 
 
266 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Boston Alumnae Club, 142, 223. 
 Boston University, 43. 
 Bostwick, Kate King-, 115, 135, 
 
 173. 
 
 Boulder Alumnae Club, 143. 
 Bourne, Kate McLoughlan-, 198. 
 Bowman, Flora S., 61. 
 Branson, Anna Jackson- , 114, 
 
 136, 172. 
 
 Branson, Bertha Holland-, 48. 
 Brownlee, Clara (Mrs. Hutch- 
 
 inson), 19, 58, 89, 208. 
 Brownlee, Emma (Mrs. Kil- 
 
 gore), 19, 20, 21, 58, 72, 89, 
 
 103, 107, 169, 208. 
 Brook, Libbie (Mrs. Gaddis), 
 
 19, 20, 31, 32, 58, 71, 89, 107, 
 
 169. 
 
 Brook, Mary, 31, 33. 
 Broomell, Anna F. T. Pettit-, 
 
 199, 208, 218, 245. 
 Bryan, Helen, 247. 
 Bruen, Ada C. (Mrs. Graham), 
 
 19, 20, 58, 89, 169. 
 Buchan, Lucinda Smith-, 101, 
 
 102, 104, 171. 
 Burlington (Iowa) Chapter, 65, 
 
 92. 
 Burlington (Vt.) Alumnae 
 
 Club, 144. 
 
 Burton, Abbie Williams-, 207. 
 Butler College, 43. 
 California Alpha, 39. 
 California Beta, 45. 
 Callanan College, Iowa, 64, 102. 
 Campbell, Jessie Craig-, 184. 
 Campbell, Maggie F. (Mrs. 
 
 Hughes), 19, 20, 21, 58, 89, 
 
 169. 
 
 Carlisle Alumnae Club, 145. 
 Carnation adopted, 98. 
 Carpenter, Edith L., 228, 246. 
 Carruthers, Louise, 90, 169. 
 Carthage Alumnae Club, 144. 
 Carthage College, 63. 
 Cartwright, Belle Hudson-, 181. 
 Cass, Florence Chase-, 43, 49, 
 
 102, 136, 171, 196. 
 Catalogue, 78, 91, 100, 101, 107, 
 
 111, 136, 197. 
 
 Catt, Carrie Chapman-, 99. 
 Central Illinois Alumnae Club, 
 
 145. 
 
 Chapter Houses, 100. 
 Chapter names, 32, 96. 
 Charter, 78, 96, 103. 
 Chi Chapter of I. C., 34. 
 Chi Omega, 110. 
 Chicago Chapter, 92. 
 Church, Gertrude Clark Sober-, 
 
 135, 185. 
 
 Cincinnati Alumnae Club, 145. 
 Clifton, Lela Gray-, 48. 
 Coat-of-arms, 109, 208. 
 Clarinda, Iowa, 65. 
 Clark, Anna Ross-, 131. 
 Clark, Edna A., 101, 171. 
 Clark, Sarah Bancroft-, 184. 
 Clarke, Cora Ross-, 183. 
 Cleveland Alumnae Club, 146. 
 Coe College, Cedar Rapids. 
 
 Iowa, 63. 
 
 Colorado Alpha, 35. 
 Colorado Beta, 36. 
 Colors of Pi Beta Phi, 93, 124. 
 Columbia Alpha, 37. 
 Columbia Alumnae Club, 146. 
 Conrow, Emma Hutchinson-, 
 
 185. 
 Constitution, 20, 91, 93, 94, 97, 
 
 98, 100, 101, 104, 107. 
 Convention, 72, 75, 78, 81, 84, 
 
 102, 106, 114. 
 Convention Funds, 94. 
 Convention Guide, 113. 
 Cook, Fannie K. Read-, 106, 135, 
 
 136, 171, 185. 
 
 "Cookie Shine," 95, 99, 103, 
 
 105, 106, 115, 211. 
 Cooper, Lillie, 91, 169. 
 Craighead, Elizabeth, 221. 
 Culver, Elizabeth K., 41, 43. 
 Cunningham, Imogen, 219. 
 Curryer, Ethel Rous, 108, 188. 
 Custer Nell (Mrs. Swisher), 93, 
 
 94. 
 
 Custodian of the Pin, 84, 93. 
 Dallas (Texas) Alumnae Club. 
 
 147. 
 Davidson, Jessie, 42. 
 
INDEX 
 
 267 
 
 Dawley, Gertrude, 181. 
 Dayton, Hattie Cochran-Robin- 
 
 son-, 181, 182. 
 Dearborn Seminary, 63, 72. 
 Decatur (111.) Alumnae Club, 
 
 147. 
 Delegates to Convention, 76. 78, 
 
 81. 
 
 Delta Delta Delta, 102, 233, 234. 
 Delta Gamma, 102, 105, 110, 
 
 233, 234. 
 
 Delta Omega, 130. 
 Delta Tau Delta, 19. 
 Delta Theta Psi, 49. 
 Denver Alumnae Club, 147. 
 Des Moines Alumnae Club, 66, 
 
 147. 
 
 Detroit Alumnae Club, 148. 
 Dickinson College, 45. 
 Disney, Jennie Hardin-, 63. 
 Ditmars, Marie, 149, 248. 
 Drake University, 65. 
 Droke, Mary Inez, 221. 
 Drury College, 51. 
 Drybread, May Copeland-Rey- 
 
 nolds-, 37, 40, 100, 108, 110, 
 
 136, 170, 172. 
 Dunning, Frances, 49. 
 Dutton, Loretta Smedley-, 184. 
 Elliott, Carrie Dorr-, 182. 
 Epsilon Chapter of I. C., 62. 
 Evans, Sude Weaver-, 97, 98, 99, 
 
 135, 165, 170. 
 
 Examinations, Annual, 103. 
 Examination of pledges, 114. 
 Extension Committee, 82. 
 Ewing, Mrs. James W., 61. 
 Fairfield Chapter of I. C., 66. 
 
 130. 
 Farnsworth, Charlotte Allen-. 
 
 46, 104, 171. 
 Feyetteville (Ark.) Alumnae 
 
 Club, 148. 
 Fellowships, 217. 
 Ferrier, Deborah L., 200. 
 Field, Charlotte Shepard-, 187. 
 Flagler, Frances Elizabeth, 96. 
 
 97, 100, 170. 
 Florida Alpha, 51. 
 Franklin, Effie June Scott-, 101. 
 
 Franklin (Ind.) Alumnae Club, 
 
 149. 
 
 Franklin College, 36. 
 Fraternity Booth at World's 
 
 Fair, 102. 
 " Fraternity " takes place 
 
 "Sorosis," 100. 
 Founders' Day, 100. 
 Founders of Pi Beta Phi, 19, 71. 
 Frye, Roberta, 46, 199 (see 
 
 Watt). 
 Gamble, Elizabeth, 45, 46, 102. 
 
 105, 106, 107, 110, 113, 171, 
 172. 
 
 Gamma Chapter of I. C., 32. 
 Gamma Epsilon Delta, 48. 
 Gamma Omega Chapter of I. C., 
 
 67. 
 
 Gamma Phi Beta, 105, 233, 234. 
 Gaynor, Jessie Smith-, 204. 
 George Washington University. 
 
 37. 
 
 Gladson, Mrs. W. N., 48. 
 Goddess of Pi Beta Phi, 124. 
 Goucher College, 43. 
 Grand Alphas, or Conventions, 
 
 72, 74, 75, 77, 78, 89, 90, 91. 
 
 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 101. 
 Grand Council, 78, 81, 104, 108, 
 
 109. 
 
 Grand Historian, 80, 107. 
 Grand Officers, 169. 
 Grand President, 104. 
 Grand Secretary, 104. 
 Grand Treasurer, 104, 116. 
 Grand Vice-President, 83, 105. 
 
 106, 135. 
 Gregg, Love, 62. 
 
 Griest, Katherine, 199, 200. 
 Griffith, Ida Greeley Smith-, 45, 
 
 104, 105, 171. 
 Grip of Fraternity, 20. 
 Grosvenor, Grace, 42, 43, 104. 
 Guide, 80, 83, 104, 108. 
 Haddock, Emma Humphrey-, 
 
 165, 181. 
 Hamilton, Ethel B. Allen-, 104, 
 
 171, 178, 179, 203. 
 Hammond, Edith, 207. 
 Harris, Mary, 135, 245. 
 
268 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Harrison, Emily Brooks-, 165. 
 Harrison, Maude S., 61. 
 Harshbarger, Dema, 246. 
 Hastings College, 61. 
 Hazelton, Anna S., 135. 
 Hazelton, Lillie S., 132. 
 Heberd, Grace Raymond, 49. 
 Hefter, Celia, 92. 
 Helmick, Elizabeth Clarke-, 117, 
 
 173, 246. 
 
 Hillsdale Alumnae Club, 149. 
 Hillsdale College, 36. 
 Historical Sketch, 107. 
 Historical Study, 103. 
 Holland, Bertha, 43. 
 Holt House, 20. 
 Hood, Loretta, 40. 
 Hoover, Tola, 91, 169. 
 Home, Jennie (Mrs. Turnbull), 
 
 19, 58, 107, 169. 
 Houston Alumnae Club, 149. 
 Howard, Lela, 204. 
 Howard, Rena Reynolds-, 35. 
 Huber, Lucy Parker-, 184. 
 Hubbs, Julia Ferris-, 95, 170. 
 Hulley, Eloise Mayham-, 51. 
 Humphrey, Jean Oliver-, 94, 
 
 170. 
 
 Hurlburt, Ada, 44. 
 Hutchinson, Mary S., 135. 
 I. C. Sorosis, 19, 79, 95, 97. 
 Illinois Alpha, 58. 
 Illinois Beta, 33. 
 Illinois Gamma, 63. 
 Illinois Delta, 35. 
 Illinois Epsilon, 40. 
 Illinois Zeta, 42. 
 Illinois Eta, 49. 
 Illinois Wesleyan College, 62, 
 
 90. 
 
 Incorporation, 80, 165. 
 Indiana Alpha, 36. 
 Indiana Beta, 39. 
 Indiana Gamma, 43. 
 Indianola, Iowa, 79, 90, 92, 95. 
 Indianola Alumnae Club, 150. 
 Indianapolis Alumnae Club, 
 
 150, 
 
 Ingersoll, Edith, 103, 171. 
 Initiation, 93, 98, 102. 
 
 Iota Chapter of I. C., 33, 195. 
 Iowa Agricultural College, 91. 
 Iowa Alpha of I. C., 32, 76. 
 Iowa Beta, 33, 34, 75, 91, 195. 
 Iowa City Chapter of I. C., 67, 
 
 92, 130. 
 
 Iowa City Convention, 93. 
 Iowa City Alumnae Club, 150. 
 Iowa Gamma, 34. 
 Iowa Iota, 67. 
 Iowa Theta, 66, 73. 
 Iowa Kappa, 101. 
 Iowa Lambda, 65. 
 Iowa State College, 34. 
 Iowa State University, 34. 
 Iowa State Normal School, 65. 
 Iowa Wesleyan University, 25, 
 
 32, 76, 89, 90. 
 Iowa Zeta, 34, 101. 
 Jacksonville, Illinois, 92. 
 Jacksonville Female Academy, 
 
 60, 72. 
 Janvier, Celeste, 48, 111, 112, 
 
 115, 172. 
 Johnson, Elsie Bradford-, 104, 
 
 105, 171. 
 
 Johnson, Kate Walker-, 113. 
 Johnson, Mary Cooper-, 113. 
 Jones, Sadie Young-, 65. 
 Kansas Alpha, 33, 211. 
 Kansas City Alumnae Club, 
 
 150. 
 Kansas State University, 33, 
 
 90, 91. 
 Kappa Alpha Theta, 73, 101, 
 
 110, 233, 234. 
 Kappa Kappa Gamma, 25, 73, 
 
 96, 110, 112, 233. 
 Kappa Omega of I. C., 67. 
 Kappa Tau Tau, 46. 
 Keller, May Lansfield, 47, 49, 
 
 51, 53, 61, 112, 113, 114, 116, 
 
 117, 172, 173, 246. 
 Kelley, Edna McElravy-Smal- 
 
 ley-, 183. 
 Kerns, Cora E. Marlowe-, 112, 
 
 136, 172. 
 Kimball, Martha Nutter-, 106, 
 
 108, 110, 172. 
 Kinzie, Sue Miles, 178. 
 
INDEX 
 
 269 
 
 Knapp, Mrs. Herman, 100. 
 
 Knox College, 35. 
 
 Lamb, Elizabeth, 43. 
 
 Lamb, Helen, 43. 
 
 Lambda Chapter of I. C., 33, 
 
 58, 63, 75, 195. 
 Lambda Omega, 130. 
 Lamson, Flora Blackburn-, 61. 
 Lamson, Maud Hicks-, 135. 
 Langmaid, Abbie B., 247. 
 Lansing, Mae, 41. 
 Laramie Alumnae Club, 152. 
 Lardner, Lida Burkhard-, 52, 
 
 117, 136, 173. 
 Law, Ethel, 96. 
 Lawrence, Kansas, 94, 99, 131. 
 Lawrence Chapter, 92, 93. 
 Lawrence Alumnae Chapter, 67, 
 
 150. 
 Leech, Belle Re Qua-, 79, 95, 96. 
 
 170, 177. 
 
 Lewis, Anna Lena, 39. 
 Lewis, Susan, 103, 104, 105, 106, 
 
 108, 171, 172. 
 
 Lewisburg Alumnae Club, 150. 
 Light, Laura, 91, 169. 
 Lincoln Alumnae Club, 152. 
 Literary Bureau, 82, 100. 
 Loan Funds, 217, 222. 
 Lombard University, 33, 90, 92. 
 
 93. 
 
 Lord, Nannie Thompson-, 63. 
 Los Angeles Alumnae Club, 152. 
 Louisiana Alpha, 38, 99, 103. 
 Louisiana Alpha Alumnae Club, 
 
 152. 
 Louisville (Ky.) Alumnae Club. 
 
 152. 
 
 Lukens, Viola, 203. 
 Luther, Martha P., 44. 
 Madden, Emma, 90, 169. 
 Madison Alumnae Club, 153. 
 Mahler, Eva Elliott-, 181, 182. 
 Maris, Lucy, 39. 
 Martin, Elizabeth Cook-, 34. 
 Marvin, Josephine March-, 179. 
 Maryland Alpha, 43. 
 Mashek, Anna L., 45. 
 Massachusetts Alpha, 43. 
 Maxwell, Helen, 196. 
 
 McClanahan, Nettie Braiden-, 
 
 63. 
 
 McDowell, Flora Housel-, 64. 
 McHenry, Olive, 101, 171. 
 McLaughlin, Anna, 96. 
 Means, Clara Poehler-, 179. 
 Membership in Pi Phi, 104, 111. 
 Merriman, Mrs. E. N., 48. 
 Michigan Alpha, 36, 196. 
 Michigan Beta, 37. 
 Middfeton, Elizabeth, 39. 
 Miller, Kate B., 118, 246. 
 Milliken University, James, 49. 
 Minnesota Alpha, 38. 
 Minneapolis and St. Paul 
 
 Alumnae Club, 153. 
 Missouri Alpha, 44. 
 Missouri Beta, 47. 
 Missouri Gamma, 51. 
 Monmouth College, 19, 58, 74, 
 
 75, 76, 89, 90, 91, 92. 
 Moor, Lillie M. Selby-, 61, 181. 
 Moore, Rose, 19, 58, 89. 
 Morgan, Dell Gillette-, 145, 247. 
 Motto, 79, 80, 93, 95, 97. 
 Mt. Pleasant Alumnae Chapter 
 
 of I. C., 67, 91, 130. 
 Mt. Pleasant Alumnae Club, 
 
 153. 
 
 Mt. Pleasant Chapter, 92. 
 Mt. Pleasant Female Seminary. 
 
 59, 72, 90. 
 
 Mu Beta Fraternity, 52. 
 Mu Chapter of I. C., 34. 
 Name of Fraternity, 100. 
 National Conventions, 136. 
 1st and 2d, 89. 
 3d and 4th, 90. 
 5th, 91. 
 6th, 92. 
 7th, 93. 
 8th, 94. 
 9th, 95. 
 
 10th, 96. 
 
 llth, 98. 
 
 12th, 99. 
 
 13th, 101. 
 
 14th, 102. 
 
 15th, 103. 
 
 16th, 104. 
 
270 
 
 INDEX 
 
 17th, 105. 
 
 18th, 106. 
 
 19th, 108. 
 
 20th, 110. 
 
 21st, 113. 
 
 22nd, 115. 
 
 National Organization, 21. 
 Nebraska Beta, 41, 61, 115. 
 Nebraska Methodist College, 
 
 64. 
 Nebraska Wesleyan University, 
 
 64. 
 Newcomb College, H. Sophie, 
 
 38. 
 
 Newsom, Ona H. Payne-, 101. 
 New York Alpha, 42. 
 New York Alumnae Club, 154. 
 New York Beta, 46. 
 New York Gamma, 52. 
 Nickerson, Anna Robinson-, 
 
 113. 
 
 Nicol, Jennie, 19, 89. 
 Norris, Dr. Phoebe R., 101, 135. 
 Northern California Alumnae 
 
 Club, 154. 
 Northern New York Alumnae 
 
 Club, 154. 
 
 Northwestern University, 40. 
 Nu Chapter of I. C., 35, 65. 
 
 Ohio Alpha, 37. 
 Ohio Beta, 40. 
 Ohio Gamma, 61. 
 Ohio State University, 40. 
 Oklahoma Alpha, 48. 
 Oklahoma Alumnae Club, 154. 
 Omega Chapter of I. C., 35, 66. 
 Omega Gamma Sigma, 54. 
 Omicron Chapter of I. C., 65, 73. 
 Onken, Amy Burnham, 117, 173. 
 Ontario Alpha, 47. 
 Oquawka Convention, 31, 72, 
 
 89. 
 
 Ottumwa Chapter of I. C., 66. 
 Ottumwa Convention, 79. 
 
 Pallas Athenae, 98. 
 
 Cora Panabaker, 92, 93, 169. 
 
 Pan-Hellenic Conventions, 109, 
 
 233. 
 Pardoe, Lizzie Guthrie-, 60. 
 
 Patroness' Pin, 109, 112. 
 Patton, Emma, 90, 91, 169. 
 Peery, Bessie, 183. 
 Pella College, 59. 
 Pennsylvania Alpha, 39. 
 Pennsylvania Beta, 41. 
 Pennsylvania Gamma, 45. 
 Phi Delta Theta, 96, 99. 
 Phi Gamma Delta, 19, 98. 
 Phi Psi, 95, 96. 
 Philadelphia Alumnae Club, 
 
 155. 
 
 Phillips, Luella Vance-, 61. 
 Pi Beta Phi Fraternity, 97, 98, 
 
 109, 114, 116, 118, 123, 124, 
 
 142, 145, 148, 182, 207. 
 
 Birth, 19. 
 
 First Meeting, 20. 
 
 First Constitution, 20, 21. 
 
 Grip, 20. 
 
 Second Meeting, 20. 
 
 National Organization, 21. 
 
 Badge, 21. 
 
 First Officers, 21. 
 
 Change of name, 80, 97. 
 Pittsburgh Alumnae Club, 155. 
 Plank, Elva, 79, 93, 95, 96, 97, 
 
 169. 
 
 Plans for Organization, 77, 93. 
 Policy, 109, 111, 114. 
 Pollard, Mary 0., 247, 248. 
 Portland Alumnae Club, 156. 
 Preston, Kate F., 31, 62, 71, 90. 
 Province Organizations, 84, 98. 
 
 99, 102, 116. 
 Province Presidents, 99, 100, 
 
 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 
 
 107, 108, 110, 113, 115. 
 Province Reunions or Conven- 
 tions, 83, 101. 
 Province Secretaries, 111, 115, 
 
 117. 
 Province Vice-Presidents, 84, 
 
 116, 117. 
 
 Psi Chapter of I. C., 60. 
 Quaintance, Adaline M., 41. 
 Recognition pin, 116, 123. 
 Reisinger, Blanche G., 142. 
 Reynolds, Belle T., 41. 
 Rho Chapter of I. C., 63. 
 
INDEX 
 
 271 
 
 Rhode Island Alumnae Club, 
 
 156. 
 
 Richards, Louise Parks-, 59. 
 Richardson, Sara, 31, 33, 211. 
 Ricketts, Minnie H. Newby-, 
 
 37, 38, 80, 98, 99, 100, 101, 
 
 170. 
 Ried, Mary Thompson-, 135, 
 
 183. 
 
 Ritual, 98, 101. 
 Robert's Rules of Order, 96. 
 Robinson, Eileen M. Weaver-, 
 
 217, 218. 
 
 Robinson, Ella Ham-, 182, 183. 
 Robinson, Florence P., 105, 106, 
 
 108, 110, 113, 171, 172, 185, 
 
 186, 187, 189. 
 
 Rochester Alumnae Club, 156. 
 Rogers, Julia E., 114, 172, 
 
 245. 
 
 Roll of Active Chapters, 11. 
 Roll of Inactive Chapters, 14. 
 Rowell, Georgiana, 99, 170, 189. 
 Rowell, Jennie L., 223. 
 Rugg, Sarah Gertrude Pome- 
 
 roy-, 112, 116, 117, 172, 173, 
 
 189, 190, 219, 220. 
 St. Joseph Alumnae Club, 157. 
 St. Lawrence University, 52. 
 St. Louis Alumnae Club, 158. 
 Salaries of Grand Officers, 114, 
 
 136 
 
 Scholarships, 109, 111, 114, 217. 
 Scholarship, The Lucinda 
 
 Smith -Buchan, 151. 
 Seattle Alumnae Club, 157. 
 Shannon, Mary E., 204. 
 Sherwood, Florence, 42. 
 Shover, Esther Fay, 188. 
 Sigma Chapter of I. C., 60. 
 Simpson College, 33, 75, 91, 92. 
 Sioux City Alumnae Club, 156. 
 Sioux Falls Alumnae Club, 156. 
 Sisson, Grace Lass-, 40, 42, 43, 
 
 44, 46, 101, 102, 103, 104, 171. 
 Small, Rainie Adamson-, 36, 
 
 79, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 123, 165, 
 
 170. 
 Smith, Elda L., 47, 61, 108, 110, 
 
 112, 116, 172. 
 
 Smith, Elizabeth Church, 41, 
 
 203. 
 Smith, Ina B. (Mrs. Soule), 19, 
 
 58. 
 
 Smith, Lelia Lane-, 135. 
 Sober, Gertrude Clark-, 41, 186. 
 Song Book, 101. 
 Sparks, Sarah F., 135. 
 Spokane Alumnae Club, 158. 
 Springfield Alumnae Club, 158. 
 State Institute, (Bloomington, 
 
 Ind.), 62, 90. 
 
 State Organizations, 77, 92. 
 Statutes, 107. 
 Steel, Alice Johnson-, 65. 
 Stern, Amelia Alpiner-, 104. 
 Sterrett, Mary, 90, 169. 
 Sterrett, Sarah M., 135. 
 Stetson University, J. B., 51. 
 Stidger, Helena Dorr-, 35. 
 Stine, Corinne Super-, 100, 101, 
 
 171, 195. 
 
 Stock, Leah, 149, 248. 
 Stuart, Anne, 117, 173, 204. 
 Sturgis, Annis, 44. 
 Sutliff, Addie, 36. 
 Sutliff, Helen B., 36, 41, 99, 100, 
 
 101, 102, 170, 171, 183. 
 Swisher, Nell Custer-, 93, 94. 
 
 169, 170, 178. 
 Sylvester, Alice Pierce-, 135, 
 
 185. 
 
 Syracuse Alumnae Club, 158. 
 Syracuse University, 42. 
 Tannahill, Anna Lytle-, 50. 
 Tau Beta, 46. 
 Tau Chapter at Galesburg, 35, 
 
 63. 
 
 Texas Alpha, 45. 
 Theiss, Mary Bartol-, 45, 46, 
 
 105, 106, 108, 112, 115, 116, 
 
 171, 172, 189, 190, 197, 203. 
 Theta Chapter of I. C., 62. 
 Thompson, Fannie A., 19, 58, 
 
 89. 
 Titles of General Officers, 74, 
 
 76, 78, 80, 91. 
 
 Toledo Alumnae Club, 159. 
 Tomlinson, Emma, 65. 
 Topeka Alumnae Club, 159. 
 
272 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Toronto Alumnae Club, 159. 
 Tourtellotte, Louise, 49. 
 Travelling Delegate, 83, 104, 
 
 107. 
 
 Tri City Alumnae Club, 160. 
 Troth, Mira, 79, 100, 170, 182, 
 
 183. 
 
 Tulsa Alumnae Club, 160. 
 Turner, Emma Harper, 37, 83, 
 
 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 133, 134, 
 
 136, 165, 170, 245. 
 Tuthill, Addie Dickey-, 181. 
 Tyler, Zuell Preston-, 39. 
 Undergraduate Loan Fund, 114, 
 
 116. 
 
 University of Arkansas, 48. 
 University of Colorado, 35. 
 University of Denver, 36. 
 University of Illinois, 42. 
 University of Indiana, 39. 
 University of Michigan, 37. 
 University of Missouri, 44. 
 University of Ohio, 61. 
 University of Oklahoma, 48. 
 University of Texas, 45. 
 University of Toronto, 47. 
 University of Vermont, 44. 
 University of Washington, 46. 
 University of Wisconsin, 41. 
 University of Wyoming, 49. 
 Upsilon Chapter of I. C., 35. 
 Valet, Edith, 200. 
 Vance, Laurie Light-, 101. 
 Vermont Alpha, 40. 
 Vermont Beta, 44. 
 Virginia Alpha, 51. 
 Von Hoist, Lucy Hammond-, 
 
 247. 
 
 Von Hon, Ida, 196. 
 Waco Alumnae Club, 161. 
 Wadsworth, Mary Mathilda. 
 
 217, 218. 
 
 Walfenden, Florence E., 183. 
 Wallace, Prude Kibbon-, 59. 
 Waller, Miriam Prindle-, 135. 
 
 186. 
 
 Walls, M. Annette Jones-, 60. 
 
 Ware, Loe Mary, 43. 
 
 Washington Alpha, 46. 
 
 Washington Alumnae Club, 
 114, 160. 
 
 Washington Beta, 50. 
 
 Washington State College. 
 (Pullman), 50. 
 
 Washington University, (Seat- 
 tle), 47. 
 
 Watt, Roberta Frye-, 46, 199. 
 
 Welch, Iva A., 186, 187. 
 
 Wesleyan College, 60, 94. 
 
 Western Massachusetts Alum- 
 nae Club, 161. 
 
 "What a Fraternity Girl 
 Thinks," 184. 
 
 Whistle of Pi Beta Phi, 125. 
 
 Whitenack, Fannie B. (Mrs. 
 Libby), 19, 20, 58, 107. 
 
 Widner, Dessie, 35. 
 
 Wilson, Edith, 149, 248. 
 
 Wilson, Elmira, 223. 
 
 Wilson, Estaline, 221, 222. 
 
 Wilson, Mary Badger, 218, 219. 
 
 Wing, Emma Livingston, 94, 
 170, 178. 
 
 Wisconsin Alpha, 41. 
 
 Woman's Pan-Hellenic Con- 
 gress, 82. 
 
 Woodman, Sophie P., 172, 173, 
 189. 
 
 Wooster Alumnae Club, 161. 
 
 World's Columbian Exposition, 
 82. 
 
 Wright, Mary L. Burton-, 38. 
 
 Wyoming Alpha, 49. 
 
 Xi Tau, 47. 
 
 Yell of Pi Beta Phi, 125. 
 
 York Alumnae Club, 162. 
 
 Young, Margaret, 248. 
 
 Zeppenfeld, Jeannette, 110, 112 
 172. 
 
 Zeta Chapter of I. C., 59. 
 
 Zeta Omega Chapter of I. C. : 
 66, 73. 
 
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