THE HISTORY OF PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY May Lansfield Keller. THE HISTORY OF PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY COMPILED BY ELIZABETH ALLEN CLARKE - HELMICK Michigan Alpha, Historian PUBLISHED BY PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 1915 ( Copyright, 1915 BY ELIZABETH A. HELMICK DAVID D. NICKERSON & CO. PUBLISHERS INTRODUCTORY THE material for this record of Pi Beta Phi Frater- nity has been gathered from the extensive research and correspondence of Mrs. Rainie Adamson-Small, Histo- rian 1890-1892, Mrs. May Reynolds-Drybread, Historian 1892-1893, Olive McHenry, Historian 1893-1895, and Jeannette Zeppenfeld, Historian 1906-1910, from the chapter history studies, instituted in 1897 by Susan Lewis, Historian 1895-1906, from the Arrow files gath- ered and bound by Mrs. Kate King-Bostwick, Historian 1910-1912, and from personal letters and information from alumne. The author has tried to keep in mind the fact that this work was ordered compiled primarily for the busy student Pi Phi, and she has left out much that would have given her real pleasure to have included in our Fraternity's life story. The study of the history of Pi Beta Phi Fraternity and intimate intercourse with our loyal alumnse have been an inspiration and joy. Our Founders and our makers of early history, and all alumnaa have a right to exact of the Pi Phis of to-day that they preserve the traditions, uphold the standards, and ever live constant to their vows and the ideals and honor of Pi Beta Phi. ELIZABETH ALLEN CLARKE - HELMICK, Historian. Fort Sheridan, Illinois, April 28, 1915. 331106 CONTENTS PAGE Introductory iii Roll of Active Chapters 11 Roll of Inactive Chapters 14 I. In the Beginning 19 II. Rivalry 25 III. Extension 31 IV. Inactive Chapters 57 V. Organization and Government 71 VI. National Conventions 89 VH. Insignia 123 VIII. Alumnae Organizations 129 IX. Alumnae Clubs 139 X. Incorporation 165 XI. Grand Officers 169 XII. The Fraternity Magazine 177 XIII. Catalogue and Calendars 195 XIV. Pi Beta Phi Song Book 203 XV. Symphony and Coat-of-Arms 207 XVI. The "Cookie Shine" 211 XVII. Fellowships, Scholarships and Loan Funds . .217 XVIII. Fraternity Examinations 227 XIX. Pan-Hellenic Conventions 233 XX. Pi Beta Phi Settlement School 245 XXI. Conclusion 253 Fraternity Directory 259 Index , 265 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE May Lansfield Keller Frontispiece Nancy Black 19 Libbie Brook . . 19 Clara Brownlee 19 Emma Brownlee 19 Ada Bruen 21 Jennie Home 21 Maggie Campbell 21 Rose Moore 21 Jennie Nicol 25 Fannie Thompson 25 Ina Smith 25 Fannie Whitenack 25 The Whitenack House 29 Kansas Alpha 33 Michigan Beta 33 Colorado Alpha 35 Illinois Beta 37 Colorado Beta 37 Iowa Zeta 37 Michigan Alpha 37 Illinois Delta 37 Columbia Alpha 37 California Alpha 41 Minnesota Alpha 41 Illinois Zeta 41 Vermont Alpha 41 Ohio Alpha , 41 Vermont Beta 43 vii THE HISTORY OF PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY ROLL OF ACTIVE CHAPTERS 1868-1915 1. Iowa Alpha, Iowa Wesleyan College, Mt. Pleasant, Decem- ber 21, 1868. 2. Illinois Beta, Lombard College, Galesburg, June 22, 1872. 3. Kansas Alpha, Kansas State University, Lawrence, April 1, 1873. 4. Iowa Beta, Simpson College, Indianola, October 13, 1874. 5. Iowa Gamma, Iowa State College, Ames, May 11, 1877. 6. Iowa Zeta, Iowa State University, Iowa City, February 12, 1882. 7. Illinois Delta, Knox College, Galesburg, March 7, 1884. 8. Colorado Alpha, University of Colorado, Boulder, October 15, 1884. 9. Colorado Beta, University of Denver, Denver, February 12, 1885. 10. Michigan Alpha, Hillsdale College, Hillsdale, May 21, 1887. 11. Indiana Alpha, Franklin College, Franklin, January 16, 1888. 12. Michigan Beta, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, April 7, 1888. 13. Columbia Alpha, George Washington University, Washing- ton, D. C., April 27, 1889. 14. Ohio Alpha, Ohio University, Athens, December 16, 1889. 15. Minnesota Alpha, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, May 30, 1890. 11 12 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 16. Louisiana Alpha, H. Sophie Newcomb Memorial College, New Orleans, October 29, 1891. 17. Pennsylvania Alpha, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Octo- ber 12, 1892. 18. Indiana Beta, University of Indiana, Bloomington, April 13, 1893. 19. California Alpha, Leland Stanford University, Palo Alto, September 13, 1893. 20. Vermont Alpha, Middlebury College, Middlebury, December I, 1893. 21. Ohio Beta, Ohio State University, Columbus, April 5, 1894. 22. Illinois Epsilon, Northwestern University, Evanston, May 26, 1894. 23. Wisconsin Alpha, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Novem- ber 1, 1894. 24. Pennsylvania Beta, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Janu- ary 4, 1895. 25. Nebraska Beta, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, January 21, 1895. 26. Illinois Zeta, University of Illinois, Champaign, October 26, 1895. 27. New York Alpha, Syracuse University, Syracuse, February II, 1896. 28. Massachusetts Alpha, Boston University, Boston, March 7, 1896. 29. Maryland Alpha, Goucher College, Baltimore, January 9, 1897. 30. Indiana Gamma, Butler College, Indianapolis, August 27, 1897. 31. Vermont Beta, University of Vermont, Burlington, Novem- ber 24, 1898. 32. Missouri Alpha, University of Missouri, Columbia, May 27, 1899. 33. California Beta, University of California, Berkeley, August 27, 1900. 34. Texas Alpha, University of Texas, Austin, February 19, 1902. ROLL OF ACTIVE CHAPTERS 13 35. Pennsylvania Gamma, Dickinson College, Carlisle, December 21, 1903. 36. New York Beta, Barnard College, New York City, May 28, 1904. 37. Washington Alpha, University of Washington, Seattle, Jan- uary 5, 1907. 38. Missouri Beta, Washington University, St. Louis, March 22, 1907. 39. Ontario Alpha, University of Toronto, Toronto, December 11, 1908. 40. Arkansas Alpha, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, De- cember 29, 1909. 41. Oklahoma Alpha, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Septem- ber 1, 1910. 42. Wyoming Alpha, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Septem- ber 8, 1910. 43. Illinois Eta, James Millikin University, Decatur, March 29, 1912. 44. Washington Beta, Washington State College, Pullman, July 6, 1912. 45. Florida Alpha, John B. Stetson University, DeLand, Janu- ary 30, 1913. 46. Virginia Alpha, Randolph-Macon College, College Park, May 10, 1913. 47. Missouri Gamma, Drury College, Springfield, January 9, 1914. 48. New York Gamma, St. Lawrence University, Canton, March 20, 1914. ROLL OF INACTIVE CHAPTERS 1867-1915 1. Monmouth College, Monmouth, HI., April 27, 1867-1884. 2. Mt. Pleasant Female Seminary, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, October, 1869-1871. 3. Asbury University, Greencastle, Indiana, September, 1870- 1877. 4. Baptist Young Ladies' Seminary, Indianapolis, Indiana, De- cember, 1870-1871. 5. Illinois Wesleyan College, Bloomington, Illinois, February 18, 1872 6. State Institute, Bloomington, Indiana, April, 1872-1885. 7. Pella College, Pella, Iowa, 1881 8. Dearborn Seminary, Chicago, Illinois, November, 1881- November, 1883. 9. Jacksonville Female Academy, Jacksonville, Illinois, Novem- ber, 1881-1884. 10. Clarinda, Iowa, Nu Chapter of I. C., 1881-1885. (Associate.) 11. Burlington, Iowa, Omicron Chapter of I. C., July, 1881-1885. (Associate.) 12. Iowa State Normal School, Bloomfield, Iowa, October, 1881- 1885. 13. Des Moines, Iowa, Omega Chapter of I. C., May, 1882-1893. (Alumnae.) 14. Carthage College, Carthage, Illinois, September 13, 1882- 1888. 15. Fairfield, Iowa, Beta Omega of I. C., October 12, 1882-1890. (Alumnae and Associate.) 16. Nebraska Methodist College, York, Nebraska, July 5, 1884- 1892. 14 ROLL OF INACTIVE CHAPTERS 15 17. Ottumwa, Iowa, Iowa Theta of I. CX, August 22, 1884-1886. (Associate.) 18. Iowa City, Iowa, Delta Omega of I. C., September 12, 1884- 1893. (Alumnae.) 19. Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, Gamma Omega of I. C., September, 1884- 1893. (Alumnae.) 20. Coe College, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Lambda of I. C., 1884-1886. 21. Wesleyan College, Cincinnati, Ohio, January 14, 1885-1886. 22. Lawrence, Kansas, Kappa Omega of I. C., 1885-1886. (Alumnae.) 23. Callanan College, Des Moines, Iowa, October, 1886-1888. 24. Hastings College, Hastings, Nebraska, November 17, 1887- 1890. 25. University of Ohio, Wooster, Ohio, September 20, 1910- February 14, 1913. " In the progress of each man's character, his relation to the best men, which at first seems only the romance of youth, acquires a graver importance; and he will have learned the lesson of life who is skilled in the ethics of friendship." EMERSON. Nancy Black. Libbie Brook. Clara Brownlee. Emma Brownlee. CHAPTER I IN THE BEGINNING THE Pi Beta Phi Fraternity was founded under the name of I. C. Sorosis, on April 28, 1867, in Monmouth College, Monmouth, Illinois, by the following eleven students of that college : Nannie L. Black (Mrs. Rob- ert Wallace), M. Libbie Brook (Mrs. John H. Gaddis), Clara Brownlee (Mrs. A. P. Hutchinson), Emma Brownlee (Mrs. J. C. Kilgore), Ada C. Bruen (Mrs. S. Graham), Maggie F. Campbell (Mrs. J. R. Hughes), Jennie Home (Mrs. Thomas B. Turnbull), M. Rosetta Moore, Ina B. Smith (Mrs. M. C. Soule), Fannie A. Thompson (died in 1868) and Fannie B. Whitenack (Mrs. Howard Libby). Jennie Nicol was the first initi- ate, and was regarded as one of the Founders. 11 In 1865, Beta Theta Pi and Delta Tau Delta estab- lished chapters at Monmouth College, and the following year Phi Gamma Delta came into existence. This con- temporaneous advent of so many fraternities into a school in which national Greek-lettered societies had previously been unknown created throughout the stu- dent body great interest in the fraternity question. Greek-lettered, or secret societies, naturally enough, became a general topic of conversation among both men and women undergraduates. Thus, it came about one evening, when Libbie Brook, Ada Bruen, Clara and 19 20 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY Emma Brownlee and Fannie Whitenack were gathered in the latter's home, that the topic of fraternities was under discussion, which resulted in the founding even- tually of Pi Beta Phi Fraternity. " ' Why cannot we college girls also have a frater- nity? ' asked Emma Brownlee. The suggestion met with favor, and the five girls chose six other girls as co- founders of the proposed organization. On April 28, 1867, a meeting was held in the Holt house, where Libbie Brook and Ada Bruen roomed, to organize the proposed sorosis. Ten of the eleven girls attended this meeting. Fannie Thompson was not present, though she had ac- cepted the invitation to join the society. At this meet- ing Emma Brownlee was made temporary president and Nannie Black was made temporary secretary. A com- mittee was appointed to draw up a constitution and nominate officers, and the grip was settled upon. " The next meeting, May 5th, held at Maggie Camp- bell 's home, was surrounded with a secrecy and mystery which would startle us to-day. Behind closed blinds, and in whispered words, our constitution was adopted, every other two letters being omitted when written to insure secrecy." The founding of our Fraternity was not the outcome of a hasty, thoughtless school-girl's whim or sentimental flash, but the result of serious discussion and planning. The early days were teeming with sacrifice and service. The very name chosen by them, I. C., known to all Pi Phis, published their standard, and to the wisdom, in- telligence and endurance of these women we owe the long and successful life of our Fraternity. To these Ada Bruen. Jennie Home. Maggie Campbell. Rose Moore. IN THE BEGINNING 21 pioneers, with their rare insight into the needs and de- mands of the rising generations of women for higher and broader intellectual and spiritual development and unity, all fraternity women of all creeds should offer homage. The college secret fraternities to-day hold thousands of kindred spirits together, under many different badges, yet with similar aims. The Arrow does not pierce the realm of any other fraternity than Pi Beta Phi, but the aims and ideals of the great body fraternal are the same that prompted our Founders forty-eight years ago, and have stirred the hearts and deep emotions of every fra- ternity woman for all these years. From the very inception of Pi Beta Phi, our Found- ers worked for a national organization. At the first meeting, in April, 1867, when the constitution was dis- cussed, the idea of a national order was dwelt upon and forcibly emphasized. At the second regular meeting, on May 5th, the name of I. C. Sorosis, and the Constitution were finally adopted, the badge was settled upon, and the first election of officers under the Constitution re- sulted in making Emma Brownlee president, Nannie Black secretary, and Maggie Campbell treasurer. Our Founders were not ignorant of the opposition they would have to contend with in executing their well laid plans. They realized that it meant sacrifice, and scattered throughout the pages of our early history we read of the constant devotion and unfailing loyalty to the objects and ideals of Pi Beta Phi. The stirring ac- counts of the early struggle for recognition, the grave opposition to woman's aggression upon man's privileges, 22 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY and the miraculous growth of chapters and enthusiasm would fill a book throbbing with vital interest. The ad- vent of a woman's secret society, patterned after the well established men's fraternities in college, was " such a new and wonderful vision to the developing woman of that day that it filled them with fear," and Mrs. Emma Brownlee-Kilgore, our Founder, tells us that on May 14, 1867, " when the eleven members of the new chapter finally ventured forth in chapel, wearing the golden Arrow for the first time, it was a long-to-be-remembered event ; the young men cheered, the Faculty smiled, and we felt that it was truly an important occasion. ' ' Here was laid the new and lasting foundation for greater op- portunities for women, and a precedent for the ensuing generations was established. Truly, the fruits of our Founders' planting on virgin soil have exceeded their fondest dreams. '' Let us then be what we are, and speak what we think, and in all things keep ourselves loyal to truth, and the sacred professions of friendship." Jennie Nicol. Fannie Thompson. h;a Smith. Fannie Whitenaek. CHAPTER II RIVALRY " THE first two or three years of the life of our Fra- ternity at Monmouth were very quiet and peaceful." We had four chapters (Monmouth College, established in 1867, Iowa Wesleyan University, established in 1868, Wesleyan Female Seminary, at Mount Pleasant, estab- lished in 1869, and Asbury University, at Greencastle, Indiana, established in September, 1870) founded and in a flourishing condition when Kappa Kappa Gamma appeared in the field, in October, 1870, as our first rival. One of our Founders, speaking of this time, tells us that " Feeling ran very high between the two fraterni- ties. I, C. Sorosis, of course, had the advantage of age and established position, but the Kappas had among their first members, several of boundless energy, great zeal and indomitable will, so that much care and skilful management were necessary for Pi Beta Phi to hold her own against such opposition. But she did so, and not only held her first standing, but steadily advanced. We all know that the younger society lived and flourished also. The strength of the fraternity testifies to this fact, and Monmouth College should be proud to have been the birthplace of two of the strongest women's fraternities in the country." The rivalry between Pi Beta Phi and Kappa Kappa 25 26 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY Gamma continues to this day among active collegians, but it is a healthful, stimulating rivalry, causing each to put forth her best efforts. In our treasure chest may be found rare and delightful mementoes of joint meet- ings and cordial friendly greetings. The following, written in 1886, is so typical of that charming style, common among our college women thirty years ago, that it is worthy of quotation in full : " To the I. C. Soro- sis, assembled in Convention at Indianola, Iowa: Omi- cron Chapter, of Kappa Kappa Gamma, sends greetings, with best wishes for the prosperity and happiness of her members. While the Key does not unlock the door into the same mystic circle into which the Arrow of I. C. pierces, yet each opens the way to higher walks of life, which lead into gardens scented with the sweet perfume of sisterly love, where happy groups, bound by the silver cord of friendship, hand in hand, are striving to attain a height upon which personal independence shall build the citadel of virtue; and womanly character shall be the key-note of the citadel arch. May the Arrow of I. C. pierce every difficulty, and the Key of Kappa Kappa Gamma unlock every barrier in the way, until our lives may be spotless in the golden sunlight of the coming morn." This greeting voices the sentiment of our purpose in life. When we were active college women our allegiance to all things of Pi Beta Phi was paramount, and always will remain first and foremost in our affections, but the deeply instilled principles of devotion to the highest ideals of perfect womanhood and sisterly love, give us, in our more mature years, a broader vision and experi- IN THE BEGINNING 27 ence, and we honor all women wearing the insignia of any Greek-lettered fraternity, as being of a common sisterhood, aiming at the highest and best that can be made of the lives of each of us. The thought of rivalry is buried in the recesses of the forgotten past, and lost, save as an incident of our youth, and our hearts grow tender and our warmth is kindled and glows toward all Greeks. As in business " competition is the life of trade, " so in our active college life rivalry is of decided benefit, for it spurs us on to putting forth our greatest efforts, and serves to bring out the best in us. For the older fraternity women, whose hearts and hands are full of the cares of this busy life of responsibilities, the past years of fraternity life are filled with fond and happy memories, and the magic spell of a renewed " frat " meeting or a " cookie shine " is ever an alluring dream dear to many. The Founders of Pi Beta Phi were Western women, infused with the broad and constantly expanding spirit of freedom, independence and healthy normal growth. The rolls of Pi Phi to-day, with its seventy-nine hundred loyal and enthusiastic followers, are inspiring witnesses to the sagacity, intrepidity, and far-seeing wisdom of these eleven women. The children and grandchildren of Monmouth are proud of the legacy of their honored Founders, and this inheritance will be one of the most precious gifts we may pass down to our posterity, with the prayer that " Whatsoever things are true, Lovely, fair, 28 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY Beyond compare, Pure as the Arrow's gold, Sweet as wine carnations hold, Honest, just, of worth untold These hold ye, in honor due Best to serve the name ye bear. Wearers of the wine and blue, Choose these in your hearts to wear." " Convey thy love to thy friend as an arrow to the mark, to stick there, not as a ball to bound back to thee." FRANCIS QUABLES. CHAPTER III EXTENSION IN the summer of 1868, at the Oquawka Convention, it was decided that, in order to establish a national fra- ternity, it would be necessary for one of the Founders to leave Monmouth and go elsewhere to school. Libbie Brook volunteered, and we follow her entrance into IOWA WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY, at Mount Pleasant, Iowa, in the Autumn, purely to plant the seed and nourish the bud of our young Fraternity, and to-day we point with pride to IOWA ALPHA, our oldest living chapter, and to the long list of earnest, cultured women who have gone forth to all parts of the world, carrying with them the principles and teachings of Pi Beta Phi. The next year Nannie Black founded the chapter at the MT. PLEASANT FEMALE SEMINARY, in October, and in 1870 Kate F. Preston left Mt. Pleasant, and founded the chapter in ASBURY UNIVERSITY, Greencastle, Indiana. Then Mary Brook, Libbie 's sister, followed on the mission of expansion, entering LOMBARD UNIVERSITY, at Galesburg, Illinois, throwing her influence and energy into establishing the chapter known to-day as ILLINOIS BETA. The following year, KANSAS ALPHA came into existence through the labors of Sara Richardson, an en- thusiast from Lombard, and so down to the present time, the line of inheritance from chapter to chapter forms 31 32 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY an important and eventful chain in the Fraternity's history. Active chapters from 1867 to 1882 were named in rotation, according to the date of their charter, or estab- lishment, with the letters of the Greek alphabet. In 1882, many changes in the chapter rolls having been made, the Convention at Burlington voted for a revision, which was made. This held good until the Indianola Convention in 1886, when, owing to the rapid growth of the Fraternity and withdrawal of all alumnae and associate chapters, it became necessary to adopt a more comprehensive method for designating chapters. The present system, which was adopted on October 19, 1886, was the result. By this method, the first chapter estab- lished in a state becomes Alpha, with the state name prefixed, the second becomes Beta, and so down the Greek alphabet. ILLINOIS ALPHA is the only exception, and it was voted that for all time the first chapter at Monmouth should bear the name of ILLINOIS ALPHA, and always be honored as the Mother of all chapters. On Founders' Day, April 28, 1915, the rolls of Pi Beta Phi Fraternity showed the following forty-eight active chapters : (1) IOWA ALPHA, IOWA WESLEY AN COLLEGE, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, established December 21, 1868, as GAMMA CHAPTER of I. C. Sorosis, by Libbie Brook (Mrs. Gaddis), is the oldest active chapter in existence. When the chapters were renamed in 1886 by the vote of the Convention at Indianola, she became IOWA ALPHA of I. C. Sorosis. Her charter members were Libbie Brook (Gaddis), Jessie Donnell (Thomas), Lavinia Spry Michigan Beta. Kansas Alpha. EXTENSION 33 (Lisle), Sarah A. Taylor, Prude Kibben (Murphy), and Sadie Harrison (Knight). Iowa Alpha's roll shows four hundred and twenty-four living members and fifty- two deceased members. (2) ILLINOIS BETA, LOMBARD UNIVERSITY, Galesburg, Illinois, was established June 22, 1872, by Mary Brook, as IOTA CHAPTER of I. C. Sorosis, with the following charter members : Sara A. Richardson, Carrie Brain- ard, Ellen McKay (Greenwood), Charlotte Fuller (Kisley), Eugenie Fuller, Emily Fuller, Emma Batchel- der (Cox), Lucretia Hansen (Wertman), Genevieve Dart (Crossette), Elsie Warren and Clara Richardson (Putnam). At the Indianola Convention in 1886, the chapter became ILLINOIS BETA. Two hundred and seventy-one members have been initiated into this chap- ter, of whom twenty-one are deceased. (3) KANSAS ALPHA, KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY, Lawrence, Kansas, was established on April 1, 1873, through the influence of Sara Richardson, of Illinois Beta, as KAPPA CHAPTER of I. C. Sorosis. Her charter members were: Mary Richardson, Hannah Oliver, Clara Morris (Perkins), Lizzie Yeagley (Shaub), Vina Lambert (Selkirk), Gertrude Bough ton (Blackwelder), Flora Richardson (Colman) and Alma Richardson (Wallace). Her name was changed to KANSAS ALPHA in 1886, by the vote of the Indianola Convention. She has initiated three hundred and sixty-seven members, three hundred and forty-seven of whom are living. (4) IOWA BETA, SIMPSON COLLEGE, Indianola, Iowa, was established October 13, 1874, as LAMBDA CHAPTER of I. C. Sorosis, through the efforts of Estella E. Walter 34: PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY (Ball), of Iowa Alpha. In 1886, her name was changed to IOWA BETA, by the vote of the Ninth Convention, held at Indianola, Iowa. Her charter members were : Fannie Andrew (Noble), Kate Barker (McCune), Ella Todhunter (Rickey), Estella Walter (Ball), Ida Che- shire (Barker), Marie Morrison (Samson), Louise Noble (Curtis), Emma Patton (Noble), Elizabeth Cook (Mar- tin) and Elizabeth Guyer (Linn). Her rolls show two hundred and fifty living members and twenty-one de- ceased members. (5) IOWA GAMMA, IOWA STATE COLLEGE, Ames, Iowa, was first chartered May 11, 1877, as Mu CHAPTER of I. C. Sorosis, through the influence of Elizabeth Cook (Martin), of Iowa Beta. Her charter members were : Alice Neal (Gregg), Cora Patty (Payne), Cora Keith (Pierce), May Farwell (Carpenter), Angie Baird (Wilson), Florence Brown (Martin), Mary Carpenter (Hardin), Emma G. Trummel, Ellen Rice (Robbins), Alice Whited (Burling), Jennie Leet (Wattles) and Alfa Campbell (Fassett). By a ruling of the Ninth Convention, at Indianola, in 1886, her name was changed to IOWA GAMMA. In 1891 her charter was withdrawn because of anti-fraternity laws in the insti- tution, but when these laws were repealed, in 1903, the chapter was again established on February 24, 1906, and was composed of members of the local society Iota Theta. Her rolls show that she has initiated two hun- dred and one members, eleven of whom are deceased. (6) IOWA ZETA, IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY, Iowa City, Iowa, was chartered February 12, 1882, as Cm CHAPTER of I. C. Sorosis. The organization was effected through Colorado Alpha. EXTENSION 35 the influence of Rena Reynolds (Howard), of Iowa Alpha, and Estella Walter (Ball), of Iowa Beta, with the following charter members: Estella Walter (Ball), Emma Humphrey (Haddock), Laura Shipman (Donnell) and Lucy M. Ham (Robinson). Its name was changed from Chi Chapter to Sigma Chapter in 1882, and in 1886, by the Convention held at Indianola it was changed to its present name of IOWA ZETA. She has a roll of two hundred and twenty-one living members and fourteen deceased. (7) ILLINOIS DELTA, KNOX COLLEGE, Galesburg, Illi- nois, was established March 7, 1884, through the good will of Illinois Beta, as UPSILON CHAPTER of I. C. Soro- sis, though an attempt had been made two years pre- vious, under the name of Tau Chapter, which failed. The charter members were : Bessie M. Johnson, Geor- gia Smith (Gale), M. Emma Stickney, Carrie McMurtie (Conyers) and Gertrude Chapin (Thomson). Illinois Delta has initiated two hundred and fifty-nine members, eight of whom are deceased. (8) COLORADO ALPHA, UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, Boulder, Colorado, was established through the influence of Helena Dorr (Stidger) and Dessie Widner (Rodgers), of the Iowa Alpha Chapter. The charter was dated October 15, 1884, as OMEGA CHAPTER of I. C. Sorosis, and for a short time in 1886 it was named Nu CHAPTER, when the Indianola Convention in October, 1886, changed its name to the one she bears to-day Colorado Alpha. Her charter members were: Mary L. Pea- body (Dickinson), Leila Peabody, Elizabeth Heywood Everts (Green), Carrie Dorr (Elliott), Minnie Earhart 36 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY (Wells), Esther L. Scudder, Sarah Holzman (Neu- stadt), Georgiana Rowland and Kate Wise. Her roll shows one hundred and twenty living members and ten deceased. (9) COLORADO BETA, UNIVERSITY OF DENVER, Denver, Colorado, was established February 12, 1885, under the personal leadership of Helen and Addie Sutliff, of Kan- sas Alpha, as BETA CHAPTER of I. C. Sorosis. The fol- lowing year the name was changed to Colorado Beta. The charter members were : Belle Anderson, Ruth Hattie Ritz, Elizabeth Tuttle (Kingman), Mary Wolcott (Smith), Frances Carpenter (Curtis) and Mary A. Carpenter (Sadtler). The total initiated numbers two hundred and ten, of whom ten are deceased. (10) MICHIGAN ALPHA, HILLSDALE COLLEGE, Hills- dale, Michigan, was chartered May 21, 1887. Her char- ter members were: May Copeland (Reynolds-Dry- bread), Josephine Graham (Hollinger), Myra Brown, Belle Armstrong (Douglass), Carrie Charles (Barker) and Anna Burgoyne (Stebbins). Michigan Alpha has added one hundred and ninety-three members to the rolls of Pi Beta Phi, fourteen of whom are deceased. (11) INDIANA ALPHA, FRANKLIN COLLEGE, Franklin, Indiana, was established through the efforts of Rainie Adamson-Small, of Illinois Beta, Grand President, at Indianola, from the local society Alpha Xi Theta, and was chartered January 16, 1888, with the following fourteen charter members : Emma Harper Turner, Martha Noble (Carter), Inez Ulery McGuire, Jeannette Zeppenfeld, Elizabeth Middleton, Harriott Palmer, Maud E. Metsker, Emma McCoy (Hillis), Ona H. Payne Illinois Beta. Iowa Zeta. Colorado Beta. Michigan Alpha. Illinois Delta. Columbia Alpha. EXTENSION 37 (Newsom), Pearl Wood (Sanford), Florence Shuh (Clark), Anna McMahon, Nelle B. Turner and Mary Emma Ellis (Monroe). Her roll shows that two hun- dred and thirty members have been initiated, seven of whom are deceased. (12) MICHIGAN BETA, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, Ann Arbor, Michigan, was chartered April 7, 1888, through the influence of Minnie H. Newby (Ricketts), of Iowa Alpha, and Statia Pritchard (Oursler), of Iowa Gamma. The charter members were Minnie H. Newby (Ricketts), Statia Pritchard (Oursler), Lucy Parker (Iluber), Fannie K. Read (Cook) and Frances Arnold (Chad- dock). May Copeland (Drybread) and Jessie Sheldon, of Michigan Alpha, conducted the installation. Mich- igan Beta has upon her rolls one hundred and eighty- nine members, nine of whom are deceased. (13) COLUMBIA ALPHA, GEORGE WASHINGTON UNI- VERSITY, Washington, D. C., was chartered April 27, 1889, through the influence of Emma Harper Turner, of Indiana Alpha, with the following charter members : Phoebe Russell Norris, Sallie F. Sparks, Anna S. Hazel- ton, Lillian S. Hazelton, Augusta M. Pettigrew (Shute) and Emma Harper Turner. She carries the names of one hundred and thirty-seven living initiates on her rolls, and two deceased members. (14) OHIO ALPHA, OHIO UNIVERSITY, Athens, Ohio, was founded December 16, 1889, through the labors of May Copeland (Drybread), of Michigan Alpha, with the following charter members: Bertha McVey, Frances Norton (Price), Corinne Super (Stine), Grace Gros- venor (Shepard) and Fannie Brown. Elizabeth Foster 38 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY and Bertha Brown were the first initiates, and since her founding she has added one hundred and seventy-seven to the wearers of the Arrow, seven of whom have died. (15) MINNESOTA ALPHA, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, Minneapolis, Minnesota, was founded May 30, 1890, through the efforts of Minnie H. Newby (Ricketts), of Michigan Beta, Grand Vice-President, with the follow- ing six charter members: Ava Sumbardo (Perry), Antoinette Palmer (Bond), Sarah Bird Lucy, Esther Fiedlander, Clara Edith Bailey and Fanny Rutherford (Stanton). This charter was withdrawn in November, 1896, but on September 8, 1906, Minnesota Alpha was reestablished, with the following members of the local society Beta Iota Gamma: Constance Day (Tawney), Juanita Day, Irma Smith, Carrie Smith (Rucker), Maud V. Johnson, Josephine Schain, Jessie Matson, Florence Amble (Reed), Nellie Heyd, Alice Thompson (Ladd), Monica Keating, Hortense Laybourn, Helen Dickerson (Cobb), Florence Burgess (Blackburn), Genevieve Watson, Louise Leavenworth (Newkirk), Edith Garbett (Pickett), Ethelyn Conway (Harrison), Luella Woodke (Humphrey), Bessie Tucker (Gislason), Minnie Trimble and Esther Jean Chapman. She has initiated one hundred and thirty-five into Pi Beta Phi, four of whom are deceased. (16) LOUISIANA ALPHA, H. SOPHIE NEWCOMB MEMORIAL COLLEGE, TULANE UNIVERSITY, New Orleans, Louisiana, was organized through the efforts of Mary L. Burton (Wright), of Indiana Alpha, with the following charter members : Josephine Craig (Wickes), Anna P. Coyle, Isabella B. Coleman (Weise), Alice Boardman EXTENSION 39 (Baldridge), Lottie Fairfax Galleher (Blacklock), Eliz- abeth Henderson (Labrot) and Mary Given Matthews (Mcllhenny), on October 29, 1891. Her chapter roll shows one hundred and fifty initiated, six of whom are deceased. (17) PENNSYLVANIA ALPHA, SWARTHMORE COLLEGE, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, was chartered October 12, 1892, and installed by Lucy Maris and Zuell Preston (Tyler), of Michigan Beta, with the following charter members: Dora A. Gilbert, Marion D. Perkins (Jes- sup), Harriet Kent (Hilton), M. Elizabeth Pownell (Walton), Elizabeth M. Bailey (Powell), Lauretta T. Smedley (Button) and Frances Darlington. She carries one hundred and thirty-one living members on her roll, and one deceased. (18) INDIANA BETA, UNIVERSITY OF INDIANA, Bloom- ington, Indiana, was organized by Elizabeth Middleton, of Indiana Alpha, and chartered on April 13, 1893, by the following members : Elizabeth Middleton, Jessie Traylor (Grimes), Delia Evelyn Mount (Wooden), Laura Rogers Grimes (Anderson), Eleanor Pearl Grimes (Wright), Blanche McLaughlin, Edna Earl Stewart and Carrie Bell Burner. She has added two hundred and seventy-five to the rolls of Pi Beta Phi, four of whom have died. (19) CALIFORNIA ALPHA, LELAND STANFORD UNIVER- SITY, Palo Alto, California, was organized by Anna Lena Lewis, of Kansas Alpha, and first chartered September 13, 1893, with the following charter members : Mary Myrtle Osborne (Lowe), Nellie Dora Woodburn, Stella Mary Mayhugh, Ruby Adeline Ordway, Anna Mabel 40 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY Lowe, Harriet Augusta Nichols (Taylor), Mary Alice Mathews and Anne Lena Lewis. This charter was with- drawn in the Autumn of 1897, and the chapter remained inactive until February 11, 1905, when the charter was reissued. She carries one hundred and nine living members on her rolls, and two are recorded deceased. (20) VERMONT ALPHA, MIDDLEBURY COLLEGE, Mid- dlebury, Vermont, was organized by Jennie Sutliff, of Kansas Alpha, and chartered on December 1, 1893, with the following charter members : Laura S. Clark, Ber- tha E. Ranslow (Joscelyn), Cora A. Brock (Daniels), Mary 0. Pollard, Lena M. Roseman (Denio), Mabel H. Ware (Bailey), Ada A. Hurlburt, Mary A. Towle and Harriet D. Gerould. Vermont Alpha has initiated one hundred and forty-eight members, having lost four by death. (21) OHIO BETA, OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, Columbus, Ohio, was organized by May Copeland (Drybread), of Michigan Alpha, with assistance from Ohio Alpha, and chartered on the 5th of April, 1894, with the following charter members : Anna Houston Blackiston (Pow- ell), Mona Liggett Fay (Gee), Agnes Florida Chalmers, May Baxter Porter (Miseldine), Gertrude Alice Plim- mer (Sargent) and Ruth Houseman (Belknap). She has initiated one hundred and ten members and lost four by death. (22) ILLINOIS EPSILON, NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY, Evanston, Illinois, was organized by Grace Lass (Sis- son) and Loretta Hood, of Illinois Delta, and was char- tered May 26, 1894, with the following charter mem- bers: Maude Ethelyn Van Sickle (Schiver), Miriam California Alpha. Minnesota Alpha. Illinois Zeta. Vermont Alpha. Ohio Alpha. EXTENSION 41 Elizabeth Prindle (Waller), Grace Irmagarde Van Sickle (Melone), Hila May Verbeck (Knapp) and Addie May Griggs. She has initiated one hundred and sev- enty-five, one of whom has died. (23) WISCONSIN ALPHA, UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN, Madison, Wisconsin, was organized by Mrs. Gertrude Clark-Sober, of Michigan Beta, and Elizabeth Church Smith, of Colorado Alpha, and installed on November 1, 1894, with the following charter members : Elizabeth Church Smith, Elizabeth B. McGregor, Bessie Steen- berg (Webster), Anna Pauline Houghton (Williams), Anna L. Meshek (Tillotson), Amelia Ecklor Hunting- ton (Gilmore), Agnes Arlette Perry, Genevieve Church Smith and Nellie B. MacGregor (Ellis). Two hundred and thirty-six members are upon her roll, five of whom are deceased. (24) PENNSYLVANIA BETA, BUCKNELL UNIVERSITY, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, was organized by Elizabeth Culver, of Colorado Alpha, and chartered January 4, 1895, with the following members : Mary Bartol (Theiss), Mary Moore Wolfe, Anna Kate Goddard (Jones), Ruth Horsfield Sprague (Downs), Mary Re- becca Eddelman (Saunders), Kate Irene McLaughlan (Bourne) and Cora R. Perry (Finn). She has one hundred and fifty-one living members and she has lost four by death. (25) NEBRASKA BETA, UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA, Lin- coln, Nebraska, was established through the efforts of Belle T. Reynolds, of Nebraska Alpha, Mae Miller Lan- sing, of Michigan Alpha, Adaline M. Quaintance, of Illinois Beta, and Helen B. Sutliff, Grand President, 42 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY and chartered January 21, 1895, with the following charter members: Lulu Eva Wirt, Jennie Barber (Plym), Kate Snow Walker (Johnson), Bessie Turner (Pearsall), Edna Blanche Carscadden (Wilson), Ger- trude Wright (Barber), Belle T. Reynolds, Mae Miller Lansing and Adaline M. Quaintance. She has added one hundred and ninety-eight members to the rolls of Pi Beta Phi, four of whom are deceased. (26) ILLINOIS ZETA, UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, Cham- paign, Illinois, was organized by Grace Lass (Sisson), Grand President, assisted by Jessie Davidson, of Illinois Delta, and chartered October 26, 1895, with the follow- ing charter members : Amelia Darling Alpiner (Stern), Edith Marie Weaver (Gilhulely), Blanche C. Lindsay (Wood), Martha Vivian Monier (Morissy), Laura E. Busey (Fulton), Nellie Besore (Sears), Edith M. Yoemans, Anne B. Montgomery (Bahnsen) and Lelia White. She carries one hundred and eighty-five living members on her rolls, and three are recorded as de- ceased. (27) NEW YORK ALPHA, SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, Syra- cuse, New York, was organized through the efforts of Grace Grosvenor, of Ohio Alpha, and Florence Sher- wood, of Kansas Alpha, and chartered February 11, 1896, with the following charter members : Julia A. Talbott, Louise V. Winfield, Clara G. Hookway (Dun- ham), Frances Beattie (Terry), Mary E. Mumford (Latham), Lida May 'Byron, Blanche E. Harter (Ivory), Frances May Bliss and Leora Sherwood (Gray). Her rolls show that she has added two hundred and twenty-three members to Pi Beta Phi, three of whom are deceased. Massachusetts Alpha. Pennsylvania Gamma. New York Beta. California Beta. EXTENSION 43 (28) MASSACHUSETTS ALPHA, BOSTON UNIVERSITY, Boston, Massachusetts, was installed by Grace Grosve- nor, of Ohio Alpha, and Mrs. Susanne Smith-Tyndale, of Iowa Zeta, on March 7, 1896, with the following charter members: Ethel Pearl Bancroft (Bicknell), Clara B. Cooke, Evelyn A. Howe, Edith L. Floyd (Swan), Winifred G. Hill (Maxfield), Mercy Mont- gomery Hood, Adeline Mae Lawrence, Lucy Allen Gardi- ner, Florence N. Flagg and Olive Bacon Gilchrist. She lias one hundred and fifty-eight living members and she has lost two by death. (See Arrow, Volume XII, page 139.) (29) MARYLAND ALPHA, GOUCHER COLLEGE, Balti- more, Maryland, was chartered January 9, 1897. Eliza- beth K. Culver, of Colorado Alpha, Helen and Elizabeth Lamb, of Pennsylvania Alpha, and Loe Mary Ware, of Nebraska Alpha, organized the chapter, and it was in- stalled by Florence P. Chase (Cass), of Michigan Alpha, with the following charter members : May Lansfield Keller, Waunda Hartshorn (Petrunkevitch), Helen Ben- son Doll (Tottle), Jennie Beck Smith, Elsie Price Ganoe, Sylvia Evelina Ware (Ireland) and Edna Liv- ingston Stone. She has added one hundred and forty- six members to the rolls of Pi Beta Phi Fraternity. (See Arrow, Volume XIII, page 97.) (30) INDIANA GAMMA, BUTLER COLLEGE, Indianapolis, Indiana, was chartered August 27, 1897. She was or- ganized through the efforts of Bertha Hollard, of Indiana Beta, from the local society Alpha Phi Psi, and was installed by Mrs. Grace Lass-Sisson, Grand President, with the following charter members : Mabel 44 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY Gertrude Hank, Edith Boor Roberts (Loop), Ethel R. Curryer, Annie Mercer McCollum, Olive Inez Phares (Tittsworth), Jessie Larder Christian (Brown), Emily Matilda Helming, Elizabeth Moxon Banning, Annette Maybelle Seeley, Mary Gertrude McCollum (Moorhead) and Marietta Lamb Thompson (Sprague). Her rolls show one hundred and forty-two have been initiated, of whom five are deceased. (See Arrow, Volume XIV, page 13.) (31) VERMONT BETA, UNIVERSITY OP VERMONT, Bur- lington, Vermont, was chartered November 24, 1898, through the efforts of Ada Hurlburt, of Vermont Alpha. The installation was conducted by Ada Hurlburt and Annis Sturges, of Vermont Alpha, and Martha P. Luther, of Massachusetts Alpha, with the following charter members : Ada Almina Hurlburt, Eliza May- belle Farman, Mary Isabelle Gregory (Waddell), Kate Russell (White), Edith Louise Carpenter, Mary Conro, Ivah Winnifred Gale, Katheryne Knee Gebhardt (Welch), Inez Adelaide Grout, Charlotte Frances Hale, Susanne Pearl Whiteman (Smith), Grace Anna Good- hue (Coolidge), Ethel Marilla Stevens (Guptel) and Mary Adelle Grout (McKibbon). She shows an enroll- ment of ninety-two members, four of whom are deceased. (See Arrow, Volume XV, page 69.) (32) MISSOURI ALPHA, UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI, Columbia, Missouri, was chartered May 27, 1899, and installed by Mrs. Grace Lass-Sisson, Grand President, with the following charter members : Mary Iglehart (Wear), Sue Stone (Smith), Maud Miller (Jones), Maud Rippey (Minear), Lillian Lohr, Gertrude Bay- EXTENSION 45 less (Mills), and Hettie Anthony. One hundred and sixty members have been initiated since her installation, three of whom she has lost by death. (See Arrow, Volume XV, page 168.) (33) CALIFORNIA BETA, UNIVERSITY OP CALIFORNIA, Berkeley, California, was chartered August 27, 1900, through the influence of Anna L. Mashek, of Wisconsin Alpha, and she was installed by Ida Smith, of Kansas Alpha, with the following charter members : Elizabeth Jane Adams (Brown), Dora Bramlet (Ross), Eva Laura Bramlet (Mannon), Sarah Theresa Huber (Manning), Claire Madelaine Haas (Maples), Elma Anton Korbel, Camilla Virginia Meyer (Herman) and Maud Estelle Schaeffer. Her rolls show one hundred and fifty-one initiated, two of whom are deceased. (See Arrow, Volume XVII, page 15.) (34) TEXAS ALPHA, UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS, Austin, Texas, was installed by Mrs. Ida Smith-Griffith, of Kansas Alpha, on February 19, 1902, with the following charter members: Jennie Armstrong Bennett (Ben- nett), Loula Rose (Kibbe), Minnie Rose (Rector), Vivian Brenizer (Caswell), Flora Bartholomew (Mc- Leod), Attie McClendon (Marshall), Aline Harris (Mc- Ashan), Ada Garrison, Anna Townes and Elsie Garrett (Townes). She has initiated one hundred and fifty-one members into Pi Beta Phi and lost three by death. (See Arrow, Volume XVIII, page 141.) (35) PENNSYLVANIA GAMMA, DICKINSON COLLEGE, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, was installed December 21, 1903, by Grand President Elizabeth Gamble, assisted by Mary Bartol-Theiss, with the following charter mem- 46 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY bers, all of the local society Alpha Phi Eta: Ruth Barrett (Terrel), Anna May Hull (Crostusite), Kath- erine Keefer, Gertrude Heller (Barnhart), Anna J. Spears, Mabel B. Kirk, Kathleen M. Gooding (Ricken- baugh), Delora E. Armstrong, Corinne Gaul, Mary C. Stahr, Mary E. Hoover, Eva E. Cass, Ada Filler (Ken- nedy), Elsie Hoffer, Dorothy G. Hoover, Marguerite Barrett and Ideala Shimmel (Watson). This chapter shows eighty-seven members initiated, one of whom has died. (See Arrow, Volume XX, page 76.) (36) NEW YORK BETA, BARNARD COLLEGE, New York, New York, was organized from the local society Tau Beta and chartered May 28, 1904. The installation was conducted by the Grand President, Elizabeth Gamble, assisted by Mary Bartol-Theiss, Grace Lass-Sisson, ex- Grand President, and Charlotte Allen-Farnsworth, ex-Grand Guide. The charter members were : Minnie Randolph Boulger, Margaret Loretta Charles Claffy, Julia Hulet Freed, Florence Eddy Hubbard, Bessie Louise Lewis, Lisette Metcalf (Meikeljohn), Mary Washburn Murtha (Webb), Dora Russell Nevins, E. Millicent Perkins (Lawrence), Virginia Ralph (Davis), Ella Jane Reaney, Mary Catherine Ruth Reardon and Martha Ellen Thomas. She has seventy-four living members upon her rolls. (See Arrow, Volume XX, page 235, also Volume XXIX, page 601, and Volume XXX, page 351.) (37) WASHINGTON ALPHA, UNIVERSITY OP WASHING- TON, Seattle, Washington, was formed from the local society Kappa Tau Tau, and was chartered January 5, 1907, and installed "by Roberta Frye, of Maryland Alpha, EXTENSION 47 president of Delta Province, with the following charter members: Mildred M. Boyd (Ryan), Imogen Cun- ningham, Grace Silver Egbert, Harriet Rutherford Johnstone, Dorothy Ray, Bess R. Wilbur, Genevieve Bernice Clark (Mulvehill), Elizabeth Dearborn, Lela Hawkins (Whitfield), Anne Krumdick (Walker), Ruth Emeline Sturley and Agnes Logan Willis (Floyd). She has initiated one hundred and twenty members into Pi Beta Phi Fraternity. (See Arrow, Volume XXIII, page 175.) (38) MISSOURI BETA, WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, St. Louis, Missouri, was chartered on March 22, 1907, and installed by Elda L. Smith, Grand Secretary. The charter members were: Ruth Bayley (Sargent), Louise Buckingham Birch (Weidner), Helen Calista Gorse, Julia Bell Griswold, Helen Maude Johnson, Hope Mersereau (Bryson), Frances Rossbrough (Hudson), Shirley Louise Seifert, Amy Starbuck, Hazel Louise Tompkins, Elise Biddle Ver Steeg and Alice Louise Woodward (Koken). She has initiated eighty-nine mem- bers and lost one by death. (See Arrow, Volume XXIII, page 267.) (39) ONTARIO ALPHA, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, To- ronto, Canada, was organized from members of the local society Xi Tau, and installed by Grand President May Lansfield Keller on December 11, 1908, with the follow- ing charter members : Ethelwyn Bradshaw, Geraldine Oakley, Muriel Oakley, Beatrice Bowbeer, Jean Fechnay, Bessie Cruickshank, Kathleen Ireland, Alma Anderson, Edith Gordon, Maude Zuern, Minnie Barry, Marguereta Chapman, Gladness Chapman, Jean McConnell and 48 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY Jessie Starr. She has initiated forty-nine members into Pi Beta Phi. (See Arrow, Volume XXV, pages 99-103.) (40) ARKANSAS ALPHA, UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS, Fayetteville, Arkansas, was formed from the local society Gamma Epsilon Delta and was organized through the efforts of Mrs. W. N. Gladson, of Iowa Gamma, and Mrs. E. N. Merriman, of Iowa Zeta, and Celeste Janvier, of Louisiana Alpha. The charter was dated December 29, 1909, and the installation on that date was conducted by Grand President May L. Keller, assisted by Mrs. E. N. Merriman, Iowa Zeta, Mrs. Hugh Branson, of Indiana- Beta, and Mrs. J. F. Gilbert, of Iowa Beta. The follow- ing were the charter members : Hazel Gadson, Ruth Wood (Clark), Mary Shannon, Ruth Jennings, Mildred Gregg, Victoria Vogel, Sallie Pope, Nellie Wilson, Mary Campbell, Madge Campbell (Koser), Mary Droke, Lyta Davis, Susie Moore (Rowan), Dolph McCain, Elizabeth Nichols, Lucy Nichols, Sulu Fleeman, Bess Jane Graham (Black), Margaret Stuckey (Cole), Barbara Davis (Olney), Wauda Richards, Aileen Spencer, Ovid Young (Barrett), Sunshine Fields (Yates), Frances Douglass, Lillian Wallace (Raney), Claire Norris (Moody) and Josephine Dubs (Bohart). She has initiated seventy- four members. (See Arrow, Volume XXVI, pages 108- 111.) (41) OKLAHOMA ALPHA, UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA, Norman, Oklahoma, was organized through the efforts of Mrs. Bertha Holland-Branson and Mrs. Lela Gray- Clifton, of Indiana Beta, and chartered September 1, 1910. The installation was conducted by Grand Presi- EXTENSION 49 dent May Lansfield Keller, assisted by Mrs. Florence Chase-Cass, of Michigan Alpha, with the following- charter members : Carolyne Wynn Ledbetter, Ella May Thompson, Dorothy L. Bell, Inez McMillan, Bess Jane McMillan, Hallette B. Fraley, Lucile K. Bell, Beatrice von Keller, M. Zoe Borrowdale, Grace Lee, Eva Lee, Alice Heines, Nellie Frances Johnson, Jennie B, Dyer, Ereah Rash, Nannie Lee Miller and Madge E, Ackley. She has initiated seventy-five members. (See Arrow, Volume XXVII, pages 23-34.) (42) WYOMING ALPHA, UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING, Laramie, Wyoming, was chartered through the influence of Dr. Grace Raymond Hebard, of Iowa Zeta, on Sep- tember 8, 1910. Grand President May Lansfield Keller, assisted by Mary Wallihan-Gibson, of Colorado Beta, Frances Dunning, Maryland Alpha, Dr. Grace R. Hebard, of Iowa Zeta, and Louise Tourtellotte, of Colorado Alpha, conducted the installation, with the following charter members : Harriet Abbott, Evangel- ine Downey, Vera Hellenback, Theresa Langheldt, Mary Ben Wilson, Margaret Aber (Hoge), Miriam Doyle, Merle Kissick, Edith Miller, Dorothy Worthington, Jean Douglass, Ruth Greenbaum, Wilberta Knight, Maud Skinner and Agnes Wright. Sixty-six members have been added to Pi Beta Phi by this chapter, two of whom are deceased. (For account of installation, see Arrow, Volume XXVII, page 39.) (43) ILLINOIS ETA, JAMES MILLIKIN UNIVERSITY, Decatur, Illinois, was chartered March 29, 1912, being organized from the local Delta Theta Psi Fraternity, which was the first woman 's fraternity of James Millikin 50 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY University. The installation was conducted by Grand President May Lansfield Keller, with the following charter members : Helen Page (Huff) , Lucy A. Curtis, Norma L. Council (O'Bannow), Lois A. Browne, Marie Scott (Camp), Jessie E. Patterson (O'Day), Mabel K. Edmonson, Ann Stoker, Helen Keeley, Margaret Hessler, Eula Mason, Virginia Bowyer, Irma Nicholson, Fannie Johnson (Patch), Irene Handlin (Duerr), Lucy Pen- hallegon-Montgomery, Florence Page, Esther M. Starr, Grace Thrift, Olga Keek-McDavid, Margaret Gray- Oliphant, Lucile Logan, Edith W. Bowyer, Lucile Hunt (Petrie), Myrtle Rugh Gearin, Jessie L. Ferguson, Helen A. Bishop, Katherine Troutman, Winifred D. Moorehead, Katherine Holmes, Pearl Tippett (Mattes), Ruth Bicknell- Walker, Blossom Field (Taylor), Edith Schenck, Candace Cloyd (Johnson), Alta Witherspoon- McDavid, Ruth Nicholson, Gladys Smith-McGaughey and Adelaide Bingaman-Wassen. Illinois Eta's roll shows eighty-one members initiated, two of whom have died. (See Arrow, Volume XXVIII, pages 434-437.) (44) WASHINGTON BETA, WASHINGTON STATE COL- LEGE, Pullman, Washington, was chartered July 6, 1912. The installation was conducted by Anna Lytle-Tannahill, Nebraska Beta, with the following charter members : Gladys McCroskey, Edna Folger, Harriet Baker, Helen Roudebush, Edna Davis, Quevenne Mecklem, Zelv Meck- lem, Ruth Turner, Mildred Guile, Helen Quarels, Ruth Mclnnis, Lillian MacLeod, Laura Thompson, Eleanor Henderson, Elizabeth Mervyn, Mildred Waters, Frances Carroll, Elizabeth Yermilge, Helen Newland, Cora Holt Phillips, Doris Schumaker, Margaret Thompson, Geor- * 9 46 B i Florida Alpha Group. Ontario Alpha House. Illinois Eta House. EXTENSION 51 gia Davis and Florence Westacott. Fifty-four Pi Phis have been initiated into this chapter since its founding. (See Arrow, Volume XXIX, page 48.) (45) FLORIDA ALPHA, JOHN B. STETSON UNIVERSITY, De Land, Florida, was chartered January 30, 1913, with the following charter members : Ruth Allen, Marie Dye, Fay Cribbett, Nina Phillips, Mabel Eldredge, Mar- guerite Blocker, June Loel Adams, Mary Ellen Keown, Lee Craig Bowers, Gladys Louise Sidway, Mildred La Verne Vorce, Annie Nadine Holden, Harriet Spratt Hulley, Louise Crisfield Hulley, Sarah Van Hoosen Jones, Mary Landes Buttorff, Lillian Wadsworth Eld- redge and Katherine Brice Carpenter. Grand President May Lansfield Keller, assisted by Eloise Mayham- Hulley, Pennsylvania Beta, conducted the installation. She has added thirty-eight members to the long roll of Pi Beta Phi. (See Arrow, Volume XXIX, page 422.) (46) VIRGINIA ALPHA, RANDOLPH-MACON COLLEGE, College Park, Virginia, was organized from Iota Chapter of Alpha Sigma Alpha, and installed by Grand President May Lansfield Keller, on May 10, 1913, with the follow- ing charter members : Catherine Murphy, Marion Daniel, Margaret Moffett, Ruth Curtiss, Enid Alexander, Mollie Mistrot, Stella Cameron, Virginia Wood, Martha Rader, Johnnie Link, Grace Link, Marion Fowlkes, and Clara Williams. Thirty-seven members have been added to the rolls of Pi Beta Phi by this chapter. (See Arrow, Volume XXIX, pages 591-599.) (47) MISSOURI GAMMA, DRURY COLLEGE, Springfield, Missouri, was organized from the local chapter of Mu 52 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY Beta Fraternity, and chartered January 9, 1914. Grand Vice-President Lida Burkhard-Lardner conducted the installation, which made forty-two Mu Betas members of Pi Beta Phi. The following are the charter members : Elizabeth C. Allen, Margaret Bishop, Lillian Boyd, Mary Criss, Marie Gates, Marguerite George, Lois Hall, Carrie Humphries, Mary Hopkins, Isabel Morse, Janet Mc- Quiston, Nina McCanse, Charline McCanse, Ruth Minard, Inez Mathes, Victoria Pease, Clara Pitt, Mar- garet Pipkin, Aldine Patterson, Opal Rhamy, Lola Robertson, Orpha Smith, Esther Vallette, Agatha Wat- son, Ruth Wilson, Ora Walton, all active members, and May Berry, Susie Dillard, Myrtle Hurt, Carolyn Harri- son-Houston, Ruth Hubbell, Helen Hall, Mary Lair, Marie McCanse, Yvonne McClain Morgan, Bess Rogers, Dell Dumphy Reps, Hazel Smith, Statira Fisher-Sills, Sarah Townsend, Ruth Thomas and Ethel Rhamy- Wag- staff, alumnae members. Seventy members have been added to the rolls of Pi Beta Phi by this chapter. (See Arrow, Volume XXX, pages 324-332.) (48) NEW YORK GAMMA, ST. LAWRENCE UNIVERSITY, Oanton, New York, was organized from Omega Gamma Sigma, a local fraternity, and chartered March 20, 1914, with the following charter members : Belle Allen, Helen Brainerd, Amanda Pellens, Minette Newman, Mayfred Claflin, Frances Gover, Mary O'Donnell, Alice McDonald, Arloine Hastings, Florence Maloney, Mary Dana, Muriel Waters, Virginia Dill, Estelle Cordery, Bessie Blanchard, Angela Courtright, Edna Mayo, Edith Tryon, Helen Mileham, Ruth Richardson, Audrey Has- tings, Mildred Pellens, Elizabeth Towne and Estelle Iowa Alpha. Iowa Gamma. Virginia Alpha. New York Gamma. Wyoming Alpha. Nebraska Beta. EXTENSION 53 McVickar. The installation was conducted by Grand President May Lansfield Keller. This chapter has added eighty-seven members to Pi Beta Phi. (See Arrow, Volume XXX, pages 543-565.) " Do you know that the old Fraternity grows higher and nobler to me every year? My fraternity experience grows richer and richer to me though it be dead to all outward show. How the touch of time has softened even the irregularities of those days into a quiet beauty." SCROLL, OF PHI DELTA THETA. CHAPTER IV INACTIVE CHAPTERS WE, as Americans, point with justifiable pride, to our free institutions and democratic society. We teach our young to declaim from the Declaration of Independence that ' * all men are created equal ; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happi- ness. ' ' In our public schools, the rich and the poor, the brilliant and the dull, sit side by side and stand shoulder to shoulder, and march out as one, but it will be noticed that at the school gate kindred spirits pair off, and groups of congenial girls and boys fall in step to go their choice of ways. The trite, homely old expression, * ' birds of a feather flock together, " has never lost its signifi- cance. The savage chief, whose instinct is his ruling force, gathers around him the strongest men of his barbaric tribe. All historians of all ages tell us of the groupings of men and women with common feelings. The assembling of congenial persons with the same avowed ideals and hopes is as old as the mountains, and when a person attempts to arraign or condemn the college fraternity on the ground of exclusiveness or harmful cliques, he is ignorant of the true and lasting benefits coming from fraternity life, or he is paid to shepherd and care alike for those under him, and he must be true 57 58 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY to his interpretation of this trust, frowning upon organ- ized discriminations and selected societies. To this last reason, we owe the greatest struggle of our life for ex- istence in the early days of our history, and because of this opposition, which in many cases resulted in passing anti-fraternity laws in our colleges and universities, we were forced to withdraw and record as inactive the fol- lowing eight chapters : (1) ILLINOIS ALPHA, MONMOUTH COLLEGE, Monmouth, Illinois, our beloved Mother Chapter, founded April 28, 1867, by Libbie Brook (Gaddis), Maggie Campbell, Ada Bruen (Grier), Clara Brownlee (Hutchinson), Emma Brownlee (Kilgore), Fannie Whitenack (Libby), Rosa Moore, Ina Smith (Soule), Fannie Thompson, Jennie Home (Turnbull) and Nannie Black (Wallace). This chapter was known as ALPHA CHAPTER of I. C. Sorosis from its birth until the Convention at Indianola in 1886, when all chapters were renamed by letters of the Greek alphabet with the name of the state prefixed, and the Mother Chapter became Illinois Alpha. It was voted that for all time, whether active or inactive, she should be known by this name. Illinois Alpha was the ruling chapter of the organization from 1867 to 1884, with the exception of a short time between 1880 and 1882, when Lambda, at Simpson College, Indianola, held the governing power, by a vote of the Mt. Pleasant Con- vention of 1880. In 1884, by an action of the college Faculty, all secret fraternities were abolished in Mon- mouth College, and the Mother Chapter of Pi Beta Phi ceased to exist, but her influence had spread, and the strong growth of her chapters extends to-day over our INACTIVE CHAPTERS 59 country from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from the Gulf of Mexico to the Arctic Ocean, while her daughters and granddaughters are scattered over the whole world. Illinois Alpha has seventy-two living members, and the souls of thirteen have gone to their Heavenly Father. (2) MT. PLEASANT FEMALE SEMINARY, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, was established in October, 1869, by Nancy Lee Black (Wallace), of Monmouth College, and Prude Kibben (Murphy), of Iowa Alpha, and was known at first as Beta Chapter, and later as Delta Chapter of I. C. Sorosis. Her charter members were : Nannie Fitz- gerald (Wharton), Mary Crane, Elizabeth MacEllhiney, Ella Wright (Mapel), Anna Wallace (Hoffman), Keo Knapp (Stoddard) and Mary Wright (Peary). Owing to the serious disapproval of all secret organizations on the part of the Faculty this chapter surrendered its charter and became inactive in 1871. Thirty-six mem- bers were initiated during her short life, twelve of whom are deceased. (3) BAPTIST YOUNG LADIES' INSTITUTE, Indianapolis, Indiana, was chartered in December, 1870, as Zeta Chapter of I. C. Sorosis, through the influence of Louise Parks (Richards), of Epsilon Chapter of I. C., then Asbury University. Her charter members were Laura McDonald, Laura Bingham, Belle Roach, Julia Sharpe, Ethel Johnston and Louise Parks. It developed after a few meetings that the Faculty wished to reverse their consent to organizing a secret society in the Institute, and the charter was returned before admitting any mem- bers other than the six charter members. (4) PELLA COLLEGE, Pella, Iowa, was granted a charter 60 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY in 1881 through the efforts of Elizabeth DeLong, under the name of Sigma of I. C. Sorosis, but owing to almost immediate opposition to secret societies the charter was returned and the chapter ceased to exist. There is no record of the names of the charter members. (5) JACKSONVILLE FEMALE ACADEMY, Jacksonville, Illinois, was established in November, 1881, by Lizzie Guthrie (Pardoe), of Illinois Alpha, with the following charter members: Jane Scolfield, Mae Curry (Bell), Jeannette Miller, Clara Rentschler (Hess), Nellie Bullard (Price), Cora Rodgers (Montgomery), Ellen L. Gary (Mack), Lida Dulaney, Lillian Best, Emma Ewing and Belle Stilson (Hoss). This chapter was known as Phi Chapter of I. C. Sorosis, but was short lived, owing to Faculty opposition to secret societies, and in November, 1884, the six active members agreed to surrender their charter. Twelve members were initiated into this chapter. (6) WESLEY AN COLLEGE, Cincinnati, Ohio, was founded by M. Annette Jones (now Mrs. George L. Walls), of Kansas Alpha, on January 14, 1885, as Psi Chapter of I. C. Sorosis. The charter members were : Harriet Ritter, Florence McGowan, Westanna Brown, Cornelia Humphrey, Esther Rhay and Thirza Burns. The charter was received and the chapter fully organized when the college authorities passed a resolution prohibiting secret societies in the institution. The chapter, when it sur- rendered its charter in 1886, had thirteen members upon its rolls. In a personal letter, written at the time, it is recorded that ' ' the girls were so angry and disappointed that Florence McGowan and Harriet Ritter gathered the charter, the constitution, the minutes and everything INACTIVE CHAPTERS 61 pertaining to the chapter and burned them in the furnace." (7) HASTINGS COLLEGE, Hastings, Nebraska, was organized as Nebraska Beta, November 17, 1887, through the efforts of Luella Vance (Phillips), Maud C. Harri- son and Flora S. Bowman (McCloud), of York, assisted by Flora Blackburn (Lamson), of York, and Lillie Selby (Moor), of Iowa Zeta. The charter members were: Leta Horlocker, Luella Vance (Phillips), Adeline Shedd, Freda Elizabeth Wahlquist (Zacharias), but owing to almost immediate opposition, the chapter failed to prosper and the Convention at Galesburg in 1890 voted to recall the charter. Only five members were initiated after the founding in 1887, making the total membership nine. (8) OHIO GAMMA, UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, Wooster, Ohio, was formed from the local society Alpha Delta Psi, and chartered September 20, 1910. Grand President May Lansfield Keller conducted the installation, assisted by Elda Smith, of Illinois Epsilon, and Mrs. James Ewing, of Maryland Alpha. The following were the charter members : Grace Lenore Thurness, Helen Elizabeth Colville, Florence Hilda Rodewig, Anna Clark Palmer, Dorothy Martin, Helen M. Harrington, Ellen Fessenden Boyer, Altha Marie Munn, Helen Marie Walker, Ruth Mackintosh, Pearl Elizabeth McCrory, Georgia L. Munn, Estella Grace Klein, Elsa I. Schlicht and Esther Boyer. She has initiated forty-eight members. (For account of installation, see Arrow, Volume XXVII, page 43. For account of expulsion, see Arrow, Volume XXIX 9 page 419.) 62 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY Charters from the following five chapters were re- called because of insufficient support or unsatisfactory fraternity material of Pi Phi standard: (1) ASBURY UNIVERSITY, Greencastle, Indiana, was chartered in September, 1870, as Epsilon Chapter of I. C. Sorosis, through the efforts of Kate F. Preston, of Mt. Pleasant, with the following charter members : Ella Jones (Preston), Florence Brown (Miller), Laura Beswick (McKaig), and Rose Rankin. This charter was officially withdrawn in 1877; it was never a strong chapter. The school atmosphere may be imagined from the following quotation from a letter of one of the charter members, giving a very interesting picture of the ' ' co-ed 's ' ' early struggles : ' ' One of the set prayers at Chapel exercises, of one of our professors, was for 1 the over three hundred young men and the some few voung women ' " and she adds, ' ' We felt rather few and unwelcome ! ' ' The records show that twelve mem- bers were initiated, four of whom are dead. (2) ILLINOIS WESLEY AN COLLEGE, Bloomington, Illi- nois, was chartered February 18, 1872, as Theta Chapter of I. C. Sorosis, through the work of Kate Preston, Indiana Alpha (then Asbury University). All the records of this chapter were destroyed, the charter being withdrawn soon after it was granted. (3) STATE INSTITUTE, Bloomington, Indiana, was chartered in April, 1872, as Eta Chapter of I. C. Sorosis, through the influence of Love Gregg, but there is no record that the chapter thrived, and the ruling of the Convention of 1885 invalidated the charter, and the chapter was put on record as inactive. INACTIVE CHAPTERS 63 (4) DEARBORN SEMINARY, Chicago, Illinois, was estab- lished in November, 1881, through the enthusiastic efforts of Jennie Hardin (Disney) and Nettie C. Braiden (Mc- Clanahan), of Monmouth College, as Rho Chapter of I. C. Sorosis. The charter members were Celia Hefter, Rebecca Hefter (Chapsky), Lucy S. Silke, Allie Silke (Hunger), Eugenia Hegan, Mary Hegan and Julia Tierney (Van Osdel). The chapter disbanded November 27, 1883, and the charter was returned in January, 1884. The records show that nine members were taken in dur- ing its two years of existence. (5) CARTHAGE COLLEGE, Carthage, Illinois, was organ- ized by Nannie Thompson (Lord), of Illinois Alpha, and chartered on September 13, 1882, as Tau Chapter of I. C. Sorosis. After the Convention of 1886, it became Illinois Gamma. The charter members were: Mamie Hooker (Doust), Kate Johnson (McClure), Julia Ferris (Hubbs), Margaret Stepp (Aleshire) and Nannie Thompson (Lord). In 1888, this chapter failed to com- ply with the requirements of the Constitution and the charter was withdrawn by a vote of the Convention. Twenty-seven members were added to Pi Beta Phi through the organization, five of whom are dead. The removal, or financial failure, of the following three colleges made it necessary to withdraw the charters : (1) Lambda Chapter of I. C. Sorosis was estab- lished at COE COLLEGE, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, through members from the Mt. Pleasant Chapter, during the Autumn of 1884, with the following charter members : Emma Josephine Pordyce, Carrie Fordyce, Emma 64 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY Forsythe, Lavinia Forsythe, Helen Burton and Belle Dusill. " It was composed of fine women and workers and flourished; though, when the college failed two years later, it was compelled to surrender its charter; but the members held together as an alumnae chapter until 1886. " Seventeen members were added to Pi Phi by this charter. (2) NEBRASKA METHODIST COLLEGE, York, Nebraska, was established July 5, 1884, as Chi Chapter of I. C. Sorosis, by Flora M. Housel (McDowell), of Iowa Alpha, with the following seven charter members : Vinnie Harrison (Cowell), Callie L. Mam (Daggy), Belle Dickey (Hunter), Louise Woodruff (Jerome), Flora S. Bowman (McCloud), Mary L. Baldwin (Wyckoff) and Flora M. Wycoff (Cameron). This chapter flourished until 1892, when the college closed its doors at York, and moved to Lincoln, Nebraska, where it became the Nebraska Wesleyan University. This chapter initiated fifty-six members, six of whom are dead. It was a prosperous and strong chapter, having sent members to many states in the Union, one to Ceylon and one to Japan. This chapter started, and maintained a library in York for ten years, and then gave over one thousand volumes to the city to become the nucleus for the city library. It was with deep regret to the Fraternity that it was compelled to chronicle the death of the York chapter. (3) C ALLAN AN COLLEGE, Des Moines, Iowa, was granted a charter by the Indianola Convention on October 21, 1886, with five charter members. Six mem- bers were initiated in 1886 and three in 1887. In June, Library at York, Nebraska. INACTIVE CHAPTERS 65 1888, the college was closed and transferred its good will to Drake University, which prohibited secret societies. This chapter was named Iowa Lambda and added four- teen members to Pi Beta Phi. By a vote of the Lawrence Convention, in November, 1885, which invalidated all charters to chapters outside of colleges and universities, we lost the following nine chapters : (1) CLABINDA, Iowa, Nu CHAPTER of I. C. Sorosis, was organized in 1881, by Georgia Burlingham (Bell), of Monmouth College, and was composed entirely of young ladies of the town of Clarinda. The charter members were: Kate Rickey (Marlowe), Dora Rickey, Emma Cozier (Shaver), Minnie Chamberlaine (Russel), Minnie Hinman (Welsh), Anna McPherrin (Frazier), Alice Clement (Lundy), Laura Calhoon (McGuire), Ada Calhoon (Holmes) and Emma. Tomlinson (Morris). The constitution and all papers pertaining to the chapter were destroyed by Emma Tomlinson and no records of the initiations after the first year are to be had. Ten members were initiated in 1881. (2) BURLINGTON, Iowa, OMICRON CHAPTER of I. C. Sorosis, was organized by the Mt. Pleasant Chapter of I. C. in July, 1881. In 1886 thirty-eight members had been initiated into the chapter, three of whom are re- corded as deceased. (3) IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, Bloomfield, Iowa, was established in October, 1881, as Xi CHAPTER of I. C. Sorosis, through the influence of Sadie Young (Jones) and Alice Johnson (Steel), of Iowa Alpha. It was Xi Chapter until 1882, then Nu Chapter until 1885, 66 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY then Omega until 1886, when it went out of existence through the ruling of the Convention of 1885. The charter members were the following : Sude Weaver (Evans), Saidee Gooding (Hathaway), Elva Plank (Anderson), Delia Greenleaf (Sowers), Hattie Trimble (Stanbro) and Rena Galloway (Summers). She initiated seventy-nine members and has lost six by death. This chapter gave us many prominent Fraternity women as well as strong women scattered over the whole United States. (4) DES MOINES, Iowa, OMEGA CHAPTER of I. C. Sorosis, was established in May, 1882, through the in- fluence of the Mt. Pleasant active chapter, and was com- posed entirely of alumnse. (5) F AIRFIELD, Iowa, BETA OMEGA CHAPTER of I. C. Sorosis, was organized October 12, 1882, by two members of I. C. from Iowa Wesleyan College. In 1886 it became IOWA ETA. The charter was returned in 1890. Its rolls show thirty-eight members, seven of whom have died. (6) OTTUMWA, Iowa, ZETA OMEGA CHAPTER of I. C. Sorosis, was chartered August 22, 1884, with the follow- ing charter members: Maud Daggett, Helen Warren, Caroline Walton (Miller), Hester Warden (Fann), Nettie Warden (Williams), Elizabeth Flagler, Emma Harper (Jones), Kate Jackson (Craig) and Anna Warden (Yarble). This chapter was composed of col- lege material, but not active collegians, and therefore, when the Convention of 1885 voted to confine its mem- bers to college or university students, this chapter, known as IOWA THETA after the renaming of the chapters in 1886, was requested to surrender its charter, which it INACTIVE CHAPTERS 67 did in 1893, having been inactive since 1886. She initiated sixty-eight members and has lost eleven by death. (7) MT. PLEASANT, Iowa, GAMMA OMEGA CHAPTER of I. C. Sorosis, was organized in September, 1884. After the Indianola Convention in 1886 it became IOWA IOTA. Owing to the ruling of the Lawrence Convention it was obliged to surrender its charter, and in 1893 it became inactive and joined the National AlumnaB Association of Pi Beta Phi. Ninety-six were admitted into membership of this chapter, two of whom are dead. (8) IOWA CITY, Iowa, DELTA OMEGA of I. C. Sorosis, was established through the influence of Iowa Zeta, on September 12, 1884. This was a short-lived but brilliant chapter, adding eighteen members to Pi Beta Phi Fra- ternity. (9) LAWRENCE, Kansas, KAPPA OMEGA, was estab- lished in 1885, but disbanded the following year. It confined its members to college and university graduates. The above twenty-five chapters were chartered and were a part of the Fraternity organization. The history of these silent chapters cannot be recounted by any true Pi Phi without a feeling of regret and sympathy. Sev- eral of them were so short-lived that the members failed to grasp the feeling of fellowship and affection so dear to the older fraternity woman, but the disappointment that came to those others years ago are freshly felt when reading the sad letters written at that time by members of the disbanded chapters, recounting the heartaches and tears when the charters were surrendered and the chap- ters ceased to exist. 68 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY When a girl has once seen the vision of that beautiful sister-life of true sympathy in grief; help, and comfort in distress; protection in danger; rejoicing in triumphs; pleasure in victory; joy in conquest sincere sympathy and sisterly love under all circumstances the memory of it, for all time, must make her a better woman. "We wear our Arrows near our hearts that the close contact may keep the connecting current intact from the rushing, demanding, worldly forces of the present day. Because it stands for so much that is sacred and dear to us, we always whether at home, or abroad; where the world may see, or where we may be alone from the world wear our Arrow upon our breast, and its presence gives us inspiration and strength. " We enjoy thoroughly only the pleasure that we give." DUMAS. Libbie Brook-Gaddis. CHAPTER V ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNMENT THE Founders of Pi Beta Phi were wise and active organizers. No sooner was the Mother Chapter at Mon- mouth firmly established than Libbie Brook-Gaddis entered Iowa Wesleyan University, and established Iowa Alpha in 1868, and the next year, another Founder, Nancy Lee Black- Wallace, established the chapter at Mt. Pleasant in October; and in September, 1870, Kate F. Preston, of Mt. Pleasant, founded the chapter at Asbury University, in Greencastle. College education for women was an experiment in the educational world. There was no precedent for I. C. to follow among the women's college societies. I. C. Sorosis was the first national secret college society of women, or sorority, to be modelled after the men's Greek-lettered fraternity. By the nature of conditions at the time, the growth of any woman's fraternity, "to be equal in every respect to the strongest man 's fraternity, ' ' and confined exclusively to college students, would necessarily be slow and full of discouragements. On the other hand, women who were graduates from good boarding-schools and semi- naries and schools of the rank of our present-day high schools, were begging to be given the privilege of the new secret society organization. If numbers could have 71 72 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY appealed to our Founders, the rolls of I. C. Sorosis might have been filled with enthusiastic members, but from the very first meeting at Monmouth it was their avowed purpose to confine the membership to college and uni- versity women. The first Convention, at Oquawka, in 1868, gave much thought and earnest discussion to this subject, with the result that it was voted that all appli- cations for charters from high schools and boarding- schools should be refused. Our Founders were deter- mined that their Sorosis should compare favorably with any man's fraternity. Emma Brownlee-Kilgore, descri- bing the Oquawka Convention, in the Historian's archives, says : " Well laid plans were made of how we would extend the I. C. reputation of being the first woman's secret society; how we would enter other col- leges ; no high schools were to be considered ; and we also unanimously decided that no college fraternity among the young men should be better, wiser, or stronger than ours." Our records show that in 1869 a charter was granted to Mt. Pleasant Female Seminary; in 1870 to the Bap- tist Young Ladies' Seminary, in Indianapolis, and in 1881 to the Dearborn Seminary, in Chicago, and also to the Jacksonville Female Seminary, in Jacksonville, Illi- nois. In each of these cases the charters were granted through the enthusiastic influence of initiated I. C. women who were personally interested in the institutions. These charters were short-lived. In 1881, however, with the chartering of Nu Chapter of I. C., composed entirely of young ladies of the town of Clarinda, Iowa, mostly school teachers and promi- ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNMENT 73 nent women of literary tastes, a precedent was estab- lished in the Sorosis, which was quickly followed through the state of Iowa. Omicron Chapter was chartered at Burlington, in 1881 ; Beta Omega at Fairfield, in 1882 ; Zeta Omega (Iowa Theta) at Ottumwa, in 1884. These chapters were styled associate chapters and were com- posed of women of high intellectual and social standing, and consequently added strength, collectively and in- dividually, to the organization. Many were graduates of universities and colleges of good standing, but where no secret societies existed. While these charters were granted by the proper officials of the Fraternity and were properly issued, there was no constitutional provision for them, and it was in violation of the fundamental idea of our Founders. Kappa Alpha Theta and Kappa Kappa Gama, our two strongest rivals at that time, were initiating preparatory students, and the men 's fraternities maintained associate chapters. Our enthusiastic officials, through too liberal interpretation, and fired with over zeal, made the false step which caused much feeling and long hours of dis- cussions in Conventions which followed, until the Con- vention of November, 1885, at Lawrence, Kansas, when by a vote of the Convention, all chapters not connected with an accredited institution of learning or not coming up to the college standard were withdrawn from active life. This devotion to the high ideals, greatest good and best interests of the Fraternity, was forcibly exemplified at this time, when members voted themselves l ' inactive ' ' and went home to grieve over their loss of active life 74 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY in the Fraternity. This ruling closed the active lives of nine chapters of Pi Beta Phi Fraternity, but it put us on the high plane held up to us as a standard by our wise Founders and the strong, progressive women of the organization. Since 1885, we have vigorously maintained this high standard among our sister fraternities. We have worked unflaggingly for our avowed ideals, and for stronger womanhood and advancement all along the lines of human progress. We have aimed to make Pi Beta Phi a synonym for honor, virtue and sterling worth. With the above short-lived exceptions, we have worked to make our organization what our Founders wished, " equal, in every respect, to the strongest men's f raternity. ' ' MONMOUTH, which was ALPHA CHAPTER, and later Illinois Alpha, our Mother Chapter, claimed and held the final decision in all matters pertaining to the Fra- ternity from 1867 until 1880. The legislative body consisted of a delegate from each chapter. The names first applied to the Grand Officers were Right Royal Lady (president), Sub Royal Lady (vice-president), Quaestor (treasurer), and Scribe (secretary). Monmouth College furnished all the officers of Grand Alphas, or conventions, in 1868, 1870, 1872 and 1881. All matters of Fraternity discipline and government were held sub- ject to her decision, which was final. The names ALPHA GRAND and GRAND ALPHA should not be confused. GRAND ALPHA was the name given to the general conventions until 1895, while ALPHA GRAND was the name of the chapter which held supreme power during the interim of Grand Alphas, or conventions. In ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNMENT 75 August, 1895, it was voted that the term Grand Alpha be dropped, and that of Convention be substituted. In 1870, we had three active chapters when the Con- vention at Mt. Pleasant was called, and the first dis- cussion entered the ranks of I. C. Sorosis as to broaden- ing the methods of government. The conditions at Monmouth were rapidly changing; the anti-fraternity spirit had developed into an anti-fraternity war, among students and Faculty alike. This Convention adjourned, however, without making a change in the mode of govern- ment. Heretofore, the convention officers of president and secretary elected at the time of meeting for duty at that session, had been chosen from Alpha Grand (Monmouth), but in 1878, at the Indianola Convention, conditions had reached such a stage at Monmouth, that a change in government seemed inevitable, and the officers were elected from Iowa Beta, at Simpson College. This action paved the way for later legislation. Two years later, in 1880, at a second Mt. Pleasant Convention, Monmouth, refusing to acknowledge the right of any other body to call a convention, owing to her keen opposition to surrendering her claimed inherent right to supreme authority, (though there was nothing in the Constitution to that effect), failed to send a dele- gate to represent her in convention. At this time, the Convention formally voted to transfer the right to supreme power, assumed by Monmouth since the birth of the Fraternity, * ' to the strongest and most prosperous chapter," which, by a vote of the delegates, was given to LAMBDA CHAPTER, at Simpson College, and each chapter 76 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY was given three delegates in convention, instead of one as heretofore. The names applied to the officers were changed at this Convention to Illustra Regina, Regina Secunda, Treas- urer, Scribe, Censor and Corresponding Scribe. These names applied to the chapter officers as well as to the convention officers. This Mt. Pleasant Convention of 1880 marked a crisis in the early history of the life of I. C. Sorosis. The business of the Convention was conducted with great deliberation, seriousness and regret. It acknowledged the waning strength of the Mother Chapter that gave us life and existence. Two years later, however, in 1882, after many efforts made with the hope that the united support of all the I. C. chapters, rallying to the Mother Chapter's dying effort, might bring about better feeling and peaceable adjustment and finally win a victory over the anti- fraternity enemy, supreme authority was returned to Monmouth, and the loyal support of all her members gave her renewed courage to battle for her life. But the opposition had grown too strong; the last two years of her life were years of bitter struggle and disappointment, and the final action came in 1884, when by a vote of the Monmouth College authorities, all fraternities and secret societies were forbidden, and the I. C. members scattered to the four winds. The Mt. Pleasant Chapter, at Iowa Wesleyan Uni- versity, now Iowa Alpha, succeeded the Mother Chapter in holding the reins of supreme power, and was GRAND ALPHA until January, 1885. ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNMENT 77 The principal mission of each Convention, outside of routine business of all conventions, had been confined to receiving chapter reports and making plans for exten- sion of chapters and minor reforms. Nothing of great or special importance had been enacted. In November, 1884, at the Convention held at Iowa City, the election of general officers resulted in making Nell Custer-Swisher, of Iowa City, Grand President, Emma Livingston-Wing, of Galesburg, Grand Secretary, and Clara Poehler-Smithmeyer, Grand Treasurer, and these names stand out prominently in our Fraternity's history at this time for zeal, wisdom and devotion to the interests of I. C. Sorosis. At this Convention at Iowa City, in 1884, the " Plans for Organization " presented by Cora Panabaker, of Iowa Alpha, at the Mt. Pleasant Convention in 1882, were adopted. In addition to the general organization, with Grand Alpha at the head, there were wise and radical changes. Provisions were made for placing the govern- ing power, during the interim of conventions or Grand Alphas, in the hands of a council of grand officers, to be selected by convention delegates from the different chap- ters; also provisions were made for state organizations, having at the head of each organization one chapter, to be called Alpha Secunda of that state. Alpha Secunda was given power to grant charters and to call state conventions within its own state. The General Conven- tion, or Grand Alpha, decided which chapter should be Alpha Secunda. Only Alpha Grand had power to call conventions (Grand Alphas). It was the duty of Alpha Grand to keep a register of all members, to issue a 78 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY catalogue, when practicable, to manage the finances of the Fraternity, and it was given authority to publish a Fraternity magazine in the interest of all the Fraternity. These changes went into effect on January 1, 1885. This Convention of 1884 elected the first grand officers to serve during the interim of conventions, and these officers were elected from the different chapters, and not confined to Alpha Grand or any one chapter as heretofore. These officers consisted of Grand Illustra Regina (G. I. R.), Grand Illustra Secunda (G. I. S.), Grand Quaestor and Grand Scribe. The government was now vested in a biennial con- vention, composed of one delegate from each active chap- ter, and during the interim of conventions, in a Grand Council, as at the present time. These changes marked a long stride toward placing the organization on a sounder and more logical working basis. The whole Fraternity pulled together as one and the enthusiastic records of those days show the wonderful spirit of union and sympathy, of charming sisterly love and devotion to each other and the ideals and interests of I. C. It seemed wise and necessary to hold another con- vention the following year, and again the Fraternity showed herself far beyond the experimental age of ex- istence. This Convention was held in Lawrence, Kansas, in November, 1885, and marks the greatest event in the I. C. Sorosis. At this Convention, it was voted " that no chapter shall exist unless situated in a university or college. " At this Convention also, our Greek motto, Pi Beta Phi, in the Greek lettering, was voted put on the ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNMENT 79 Arrow, our badge. The Convention was a short one, and all other business was overshadowed by the importance of these two acts of legislation. In 1886 was held the regular biennial convention at Indianola, Iowa. These were days of great activity, un- feigned loyalty and devotion for our Fraternity. In fact, all fraternities were mustering their forces to fight for their existence, for a sentiment against secret orders swept the country, and especially the institutions of learning. It is impossible to recount the happenings of this critical time without mentioning the untiring efforts of such strong characters as Mrs. Rainie Adamson-Small, of Illinois Beta, (Lombard), Grand President from 1885 to 1890, Elva Plank, of Iowa Epsilon, Bloomfield, Grand Vice-President, and Mrs. Belle ReQua-Leech, of Mt. Pleasant, the indefatigable Grand Secretary. Their labors at a critical time in the life of the Fraternity should never be forgotten, and their example should be an inspiration for the younger women to emulate. For a number of years the changing of the name of I. C. Sorosis to the Greek Pi Beta Phi Fraternity had been under discussion in conventions, but not until the Ottumwa Convention in October, 1888, was the senti- ment in favor of this change strong enough to carry the question. ' ' Whatever may have been the theories of our Founders in regard to the Greek feature of our sister- hood, there had come to be a very strong conviction in the minds of the majority of the members pres- ent that it should no longer be sub rose." By a mo- tion made by Mira Troth, of Iowa Kappa, Iowa City, 80 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY and seconded by Minnie K. Newby-Rieketts, of Michigan Beta, and a unanimous vote of the Convention, the old I. C. Sorosis, dear to the hearts of hundreds of loyal and devoted followers, stepped into the Greek world as Pi Beta Phi, but under the same badge, the Arrow, the same Constitution, the same motto, and the same ritual and workings. The Greek IIB<I> had exchanged places with the Latin I. C., taking its place upon our pin, while I. C. had become the symbol for our secret motto. ' ' The vote to change the name from I. C. to Pi Beta Phi was the result of years of agitation, so tenaciously did some of the older members cling to the original name, feeling that with the name went some of the dearest memo- ries." " In accordance with a decision of this Convention of 1888, Pi Beta Phi Fraternity was incorporated as a national organization by an act of the Legislature of the State of Illinois, passed October 14, 1889," giving us a legal status not previously enjoyed. When Grand Alpha, or the General Convention, was called to order in April, 1890, at Galesburg, Illinois, nineteen chapters were on the rolls of Pi Beta Phi Fra- ternity, representing chapters in nine states, and with the establishment of Vermont Alpha, in December, 1893, Pi Beta Phi swayed an influence in the Pan-Hellenic world from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from the Canadian border to the Gulf of Mexico. She had become national in fact as well as in name. To the Grand Officers were added Guide and Historian, and the names of all officers were changed to the familiar ones of to-day, ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNMENT 81 grand president, grand vice-president, grand secretary and grand treasurer. The Grand Council was composed of all the Grand Officers except Historian. A province organization was effected, and quickly initiated valuable work for the betterment of the national organization and government of the Fraternity. The United States was divided into four provinces, Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta, to which were divided and assigned the active chapters, reporting through an elected secretary. A province president had general supervision over the chapters within her jurisdiction or province. The legis- lative and supreme power were vested in a biennial con- vention. It was voted, however, " that important ques- tions, that demand immediate decision, might receive attention, during the interim of convention, through the Grand Council, composed of the president, vice- president, secretary, treasurer and guide, who were given power to act, which acts would be ratified by the follow- ing convention." The Convention was composed of the Grand Council, province presidents, one delegate from each chapter, the Historian, the Fraternity Cataloguer, one delegate from the Alumnge Department, such delegate to be the Arrow editor, when possible, and such other members as the Fraternity might decide. Pi Beta Phi had now blos- somed into full womanhood, and the result of her maturity was forcibly shown by the number of new chapters which came into existence, by the material enlargement of the Fraternity magazine, the Arrow, with its broader thought and weightier reading matter, and by the large number of intellectually strong women 82 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY who rose in her ranks and stood out as leaders in thought and reform. We are proud of these women to-day, many of whom have won international fame. In 1892, it was found necessary to refer matters of extension to an Extension Committee, serving from con- vention to convention, and the following year a Literary Bureau was established for disseminating and elucidating important matters of the Fraternity, and representa- tives from these committees were allowed votes in con- vention. In 1893, when the whole country was interested in celebrating the anniversary of the discovery of America, and the World 's Columbian Exposition was held in Chicago, July 17 to 22 was designated as Fraternity Week upon the World's Fair Calendar. Many fraterni- ties held conventions and reunions. A second meeting of the Woman's Pan-Hellenic Congress convened on July 20, at the Art Institute, Chicago, where Pi Beta Phi was represented by Mrs. Gertrude Boughton-Blackwelder, of Kansas Alpha, with a paper on " Ethics of Fraternity," which was widely quoted and reprinted in full by sev- eral of the fraternity magazines. In the evening of July 20 a Pan-Hellenic reception was held in the New York State Building. Pi Beta Phi had the largest representa- tion at this time of any woman's fraternity, including among those present many of her best known mem- bers. The one monumental result of the Convention of 1893 in Chicago was the organization of the National Alumna? Association. This was the result of that strong- willed, indefatigable worker and wise and far-seeing ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNMENT 83 organizer, Emma Harper Turner, and to her is due all the praise and thanks of the Fraternity for this strong bulwark of our national power. The Alumnae Asso- ciation elected its own officers from 1893 until 1901, when the Grand Vice-President became president of the Alumnae Association, and one half -day of each general convention was voted to be given to alumnae matters. In 1895 the Boston Convention authorized province reunions, or conventions, to be held in the years be- tween general conventions, and in 1899, at the Boulder Convention, it was voted to elect a travelling delegate who should visit every chapter on the active list of the Fraternity during the interim of conventions. This delegate was to be the Grand President when possible, but when not possible the Grand Council had power to appoint a travelling delegate. This ruling holds good to-day. At this time the office of Guide was supplanted on the Grand Council by that of Arrow Editor, and the former became purely a convention officer, appointed by the Grand President from the chapter nearest the next convention site. At the Syracuse Convention, in July, 1901, the National Alumnaa Association became a part of the National Fraternity organization, and the duties of the Grand Vice-President were made to include those of secretary of the Alumnae Association, and she was made the head of the Alumnae Department, with a salary. She was nominated by the alumnae at their session in the general convention and elected by the general conven- tion's vote. Each chapter vice-president also became 84 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY chapter secretary to the Alumnae Department and was intrusted with definite duties. It was at this Convention at Syracuse, in 1901, that the name of the General Convention of Pi Beta Phi was changed to the National Biennial Convention. To prevent the improper use of the badge, in 1901 Pi Beta Phi made adequate provision for the purchase of Fraternity badges, in the case of the death of her members, when the badge is not buried with the owner, and all Pi Phis are forbidden to sell, give or loan her Tmdge to any person not a Pi Phi. This was augmented in 1914 by the appointment of a Custodian of the Pin. Annual efficiency reports, through the province presi- dents, with annual examinations of all active members upon the Constitution, Statutes, history, policy and on parliamentary law, have become an important factor in the education of our members in the responsibilities and duties of Pi Phis, and province vice-presidents, with jurisdiction over territory the same as the province presidents, develop and manage the alumnae interests .and business of its members. At the reorganization and redistricting of the provinces in 1912, the country was divided into six provinces, with .six province presidents over the active chapters and six province vice-presidents over the alumnae, and in June, 1913, to this supervision was added the Chapter Advi- sory Committee, which is composed of five (5) members from the nearest alumnae club, three of the members be- ing elected by the active chapter and two by the alumnae club, " whose duties shall be to cooperate with the province presidents and active chapters in supervising ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNMENT 85 (1) scholarship, (2) house management, (3) general social conditions and (4) Pan-Hellenic situations." The Fraternity believes, with Florence Porter Robin- son, that " the real strength of a fraternity is in the strength of its individual chapters." " The only way to have a friend is to be one.' 9 EMERSON. CHAPTER VI NATIONAL CONVENTIONS FIRST GRAND ALPHA, or Convention, was held in Au- gust, 1868, at the home of Fannie Thompson, in Oquawka, Illinois. There are no minutes, or record of this meeting, save the memory of the living Founders. In the July, 1898, Arrow, Emma Brownlee (Kilgore) has told us that " In the summer of 1868, the Mon- mouth I. C.'s came to our house in Little York to visit Jennie Nicol and the Brownlee sisters. From there we went to Fannie Thompson's, at Oquawka, and were met by Ada Bruen (Graham) and Libbie Brook (Gaddis). We Founders have always felt that this was our first .convention. Every member was present except Rosa Moore (who was in New York). The Convention lasted three days and was occupied in outlining the policy and aims of the organization, laying plans for new chapters .and the growth of I. C. Sorosis. It was voted to confine membership to college women only." Emma Brownlee (Kilgore) was elected president, Nannie Black (Wal- lace) secretary, and Maggie Campbell treasurer. (See Arrow, April, 1908.) Second Grand Alpha, or Convention, was held in 1870 at Mt. Pleasant, Libbie Brook (Gaddis) presiding. Three chapters were active and represented; namely, Monmouth College, (2) Iowa Wesleyan University 89 90 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY and (3) Mt. Pleasant Female Seminary. Constitution amendments and extension were the principal business transacted. As a result of this meeting the new chap- ter at Asbury University, Greencastle, Indiana, was organized by Kate F. Preston and chartered the follow- ing September. Third Grand Alpha, or Convention, Greencastle, In- diana, in June, 1872. Louise Carrithers (Morrison), of Monmouth, was chosen president, and Mary Sterritt, secretary, of the Convention. Louise Carrithers was elected Grand President and Emma Madden Grand Sec- retary of the Sorosis. Five chapters, (1) Monmouth, (2) Iowa Wesleyan, (3) Asbury, (4) Illinois Wes- leyan, (5) State Institute, Bloomington, Ind., were ac- tive, Mt. Pleasant Female Seminary and the Baptist Young Ladies' Seminary having become inactive the previous year through opposition to secret societies on the part of the school authorities. Three of the five active chapters sent delegates to this Convention. Ex- pansion was the principal topic under discussion, and when the question " In what grade of schools shall chapters be established? " was put before the Conven- tion, it was answered by the vote " to establish no chap- ters in schools not properly called a college/* The social side of convention included a reception with one hundred and fifty guests, and a banquet. Fourth Grand Alpha, or Convention, at Indianola, Iowa, in 1878. Emma Patton (Noble), of Iowa Beta, presided. Seven chapters were now active, (1) Mon- mouth, (2) Iowa "Wesleyan University, (3) State Insti- tute, Bloomington, (4) Lombard, (5) Kansas Univer- NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 91 sity, (6) Simpson and (7) Iowa Agricultural College, but owing to a misunderstanding, only three chapters (Monmouth, Mt. Pleasant and Simpson) were repre- sented, which failed to make a quorum, and while im- portant legislation was discussed and changes in the Constitution recommended, no permanent benefit was derived from the Convention. A reception and banquet, at which Emma Patton was toastmistress, attended by over a hundred guests, was one of the social features of the Convention. Fifth Grand Alpha, or Convention, was held at Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, on October 27, 28 and 29, 1880. Lillie Cooper (Weber), of Monmouth, was chosen presiding officer, and lola Hoover (Loftin) and Laura Light (Vance), both of Monmouth, were chosen secretaries, Miss Hoover acting as secretary at the opening session only. The following represented their chapters: Elma Williams, from Lombard, Mary Dashiell (Spauld- ing), from Simpson; Sophie Timmerman, from Iowa Wesleyan, Mary McDonald (Kappa), from Ames; and Belle ReQua-Leech, of Mt. Pleasant, in place of Florence Andrews-Palm, who was unavoidably absent. Mon- mouth and Kansas State University were not repre- sented; the latter sent greetings and regrets. The greater part of this session was given to Constitution re- vision. A complete and careful revision, as worked out at the Indianola Convention and added to at this meet- ing, was adopted at the last session. The Lombard Chapter was directed ' ' to work up an interest in regard to an I. C. catalogue. " The names of the general of- ficers were changed to Illustra Regina, Regina Secunda, 92 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY scribe, treasurer, censors and corresponding scribes. The waning power and strength of Monmouth, the Mother Chapter, was shown in the Convention by her failure to have a delegate present, and the legislation " that we transfer the power of Alpha Chapter to some other chapter, more prosperous, and therefore more fit- ting to perform those duties. ' ' The vote stood : Simpson 7, Mt. Pleasant 3, Lombard 2, and Lambda Chapter, at Simpson College, Indianola, was declared Alpha Grand, or the ruling chapter, with final decision in Fraternity matters. It was voted to give all active chapters in good standing three delegates each with a vote in convention. Sixth Grand Alpha, or Convention, was held in the lecture-room of the First M. E. Church, Burlington, Iowa, October 11, 12 and 13, 1882. Nine chapters were represented by delegates and one chapter by a proxy. The chapters were represented by the following: (1) Burlington, Iowa, by Minnie Burt, (2) Iowa City by Ella Ham (Robinson), (3) Monmouth by Jessie Buck- ner, (4) Mt. Pleasant by Flora Housel (McDowell), (5) Lawrence by Jennie Sutliff, (6) Indianola by Anna Emerson, (7) Ames by Sarah Smithe (McDonald), (8) Galesburg, Lombard, Izah Parker, (9) Chicago, Allie Silke, and (10) Jacksonville, 111., Jessie Buckner (proxy). Clara McCann (Ewing), the delegate of Bloomfield, Iowa, was absent, and the chapter was rep- resented by Alice Johnson. Cora Panabaker, of Mt. Pleasant, was chosen president, and Celia Hefter, of the Chicago Chapter, recording secretary of the Convention. Alpha Secundas, or state conventions, were authorized, NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 93 with power to grant charters within the state. A com- mittee composed of Izah Parker, Galesburg, Flora Housel, Mt. Pleasant, Jessie Buckner, Monmouth, and Sarah Smithe, Ames, were appointed to revise the form of initiation. Voted, " that the Constitution shall be read at each initiation; " that the secret meaning of I. C. " shall never be written or spoken aloud; " voted, that general conventions be ' ' once in two years ; ' ' that " we adopt dregs of wine and light blue " as the Fra- ternity 's colors ; ' ' that the power of obtaining and dis- tributing pins be vested in Gamma Chapter at Mt. Pleasant.'* At the first session a " Plan for Organiza- tion " was presented by Cora Panabaker, of Mt. Pleas- ant, which was taken up article by article and voted upon, and final decision upon the whole left for the next Convention. Voted, that Alpha Chapter (Monmouth) be Grand Alpha Chapter; that Lombard be Alpha Se- cunda of Illinois, Lawrence Chapter, of Kansas, Mt. Pleasant Chapter, of Iowa. Greek Motto " Pi Beta Phi " adopted. Seventh Grand Alpha, or Convention, was held in the parlors of the First M. E. Church, Iowa City, Iowa, on November 19, 20 and 21, 1884. Nell Custer (Swisher), of Iowa City, was elected presiding officer, and Elva Plank, of Bloomfield, secretary. The following were the delegates representing their chapters in this Con- vention: Mary Dillon (Miller) and Jean Oliver (Humphrey), (1) Lawrence; Emma Livingston (Wing) and Jennie Conger, (2) Lombard; Kay Spen- cer, (3) Burlington; Mary Hooker (Doust), (4) Carthage; Martha Greenleaf (MacNab) and Elva 94 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY Plank, (5) Bloomfield; Emma White (Shellenberger), Libbie Evans (Cravens) and Estella Walter-Ball, (6) Iowa City; Flora Slusser and Anna McLaughlin (Bux- ton), (7) Indianola; Anna Saunders (McArthur), (8) Mt. Pleasant, and Addie Rice (Hainer), (9) Ames. Revised Constitution was accepted, to go into effect January 1, 1885; general officers elected at Convention to serve during interim of conventions, Alpha Chapter, or Alpha Grand, having ceased to exist as a result of Faculty ruling at Monmouth; Lawrence requested and was granted a charter for Wesleyan College, Cincin- nati, Ohio; committee appointed to publish quarterly Fraternity magazine ; arrangements made for a conven- tion fund whereby delegates might be present from all chapters; " the system of government was changed, the power hereafter being in the hands of a council of Grand Officers " elected by the delegates at Convention from different chapters. The first election of these of- ficers resulted in making Nell Custer (S wisher), Iowa Zeta, Grand Illustra Regina, Emma Livingston (Wing), Illinois Beta, Grand Scribe, Jean Oliver (Humphrey), Kansas Alpha, Grand Quaestor. (See Arrow, May, 1885.) Eighth Grand Alpha met in the rooms of the Art League, Lawrence, Kansas, on November 25, 26 and 27, 1885. In the absence of G. I. R. Nell Custer, Eiva Plank, of Bloomfield, was elected to the chair. Roll call showed the following: (1) Indianola, Ethel Law (Turney) ; (2) Lawrence (alumnae), Caroline Beau- man-Spangler ; (3) Lawrence K. S. U., Sue Miles (Kin- sey) ; (4) Iowa City Alumnae, Mira Troth; (5) Iowa NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 95 City, I. S. U., Lillian Lewis; (6) Ottumwa (associate), Lizzie Flagler; (7) Carthage, Julia Ferris (Hubbs) ; (8) Denver, Mary Carpenter (Sadtler) ; (9) Mt. Pleasant, Lulu Ambler (Officer) ; (10) Mt. Pleasant (alumnae), Jo Gassner (Gardner) ; (11) Fairfield, Mrs. W. C. Ball; (12) Bloomfield, Florence Hill (Fire- stone) ; (13) Galesburg, Lombard, Rainie Adamson (Small) ; (14) Knox, Carrie McMurtrie (Conyers) ; (15) Burlington, Cora Widick (Lang) ; (16) York, Vinnie Harrison (Cowell). Voted, " that no chapter shall exist unless situated in a university or college; " " that after next year conventions shall be called only once in two years; " " that the Greek motto Pi Beta Phi be put on the title page of the Arrow." The elec- tion of grand officers resulted as follows: G. I. R., Rainie Adamson (Small), of Lombard University; G. R. S., Elva Plank, of Bloomfield, Iowa; G. S., Belle ReQua-Leech, of Mt. Pleasant; G. Q., Julia Ferris (Hubbs), of Carthage. About seventy-five I. C.'s were present at this Con- vention, and the social activities included invitations from Beta Theta Pi, also Phi Psi, a "cookie shine/' and serenades. (See Arrow, February, 1886.) Ninth Grand Alpha was held in the Delta Tau Delta Hall, at Indianola, Iowa, October 19, 20 and 21, 1886, G. I. R. Rainie Adamson-Small presiding. Present, the following delegates: (1) Kansas State University, Clara Poehler (Smithmyer) ; (2) Iowa Wesleyan Uni- versity, Flora Housal (McDowell) ; (3) Lawrence Alum- nae, Laura Lyon; (4) Simpson, Leota Kennedy; (5) Ames, Olive Wilson (Curtiss) ; (6) Iowa City Alumnae, 96 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY Belle Hudson (Cartwright) ; (7) Bloomfield, Fannie Thompson (Wickham) ; (8) Lombard, Ella Grubb (Simmons) ; (9) Knox, Maude Smith (Boydstun) ; (10) Boulder, Carrie Dorr (Elliott) ; (11) Iowa City, Minnie Ely (Farr) ; (12) York, Mrs. Helen Harrison; (13) Ottumwa, Mrs. Lizzie Warden; (14) Des Moines, Mrs. Martha Wilson. Voted, " that we adopt Roberts' Rules of Order; " " the Arrow representative be al- lowed the same privileges and rights as the other dele- gates; " " to name chapters by the letters of the Greek alphabet and by states, as Iowa Alpha, Iowa Beta, etc. ; ' ' 1 1 that we do not organize any more alumnae chapters; " " that all alumnae (and associate) chapters founded before October 20, 1886, shall be allowed to exist, but that they confine themselves, when taking new members, to graduates of colleges and high schools; " " that the subscription of the Arrow be limited to one dollar; " li that power of granting charters be vested in the three grand officers, G. I. R., G. R. S. and G. S." Election of officers resulted in making : G. I. R., Rainie Adamson-Small, of Lombard College; G. R. S., Elva Plank, of Bloomfield; G. S., Belle ReQua-Leech, of Mt. Pleasant; G. Q., Lizzie Flagler, of Ottumwa. Greetings were received from Kappa Kappa Gamma, from Phi Delta Theta, in general convention in New York, flowers from Phi Kappa Psi, "an elegant recep- tion at the home of Miss Ethel Law," and a banquet at the home of Anna McLaughlin. (See Arrow, December, 1886.) Tenth Grand Alpha met in the Ottumwa Chapter Hall, Ottumwa, Iowa, October 16, 17 and 18, 1888, G. I. R. NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 97 Kainie Adamson-Small presiding. The following nine- teen chapters were represented : Illinois Beta at Lom- bard, Illinois Delta at Knox, Iowa Alpha at Iowa Wes- leyan University, Iowa Beta at Simpson, Iowa Gamma at Ames, Iowa Delta at Burlington, Iowa Epsilon at Bloomfield, Iowa Zeta at Iowa State University, Iowa Eta at Fairfield, Iowa Theta at Ottumwa, Iowa Iota at Mt. Pleasant, Iowa Kappa at Iowa City, Kansas Alpha at Lawrence, Colorado Alpha at Boulder, Colorado Beta at Denver, Michigan Alpha at Hillsdale College, Michi- gan Beta at Ann Arbor, Indiana Alpha at Franklin, and Nebraska Alpha at York. Voted, " that the name of this organization be changed, and that the organization be hereafter known as Pi Beta Phi ; " " that the letters I. C. hereafter stand for our present motto; " " that Pi Beta Phi take the place of I. C. on our pin ; " " that our present G. R. S.,Emma Harper Turner and Sude Weaver (Evans) act as a committee of three to incorporate our Pi Beta Phi as a national organization." After a two- session committee-of-the-whole discussion of the Consti- tution, upon vote, a committee of three (Indiana Alpha, Iowa Alpha and Iowa Zeta) was appointed to incorpor- ate the revisions and amendments of the Constitution as recommended during the interim of convention, and re- port at the next regular convention. The election of offi- cers resulted as follows : G. I. R., Rainie Adamson- Small, Illinois Beta; G. R. S., Emma Harper Turner, Indiana Alpha; G. S., Lizzie Flagler, Iowa Theta; G. Q., Elva Plank, of Bloomfield. This Convention ad- journed at 2 o'clock A. M. It stands on record as being the most spirited convention in the history of the Fra- 98 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY ternity, and the harmonious way in which most matters were settled was due to the business ability and untiring zeal of Grand President Rainie Small, which was re- flected in the enthusiasm of every delegate. A grand ball in Armory Hall, attended by ninety Pi Phis and an equal number of guests, ended the festivi- ties of the Tenth Grand Alpha. (See Arrow, December, 1888.) Eleventh Grand Alpha was held in the Phi Gamma Delta Hall, Galesburg, Illinois, on April 1, 2, 3 and 4, 1890. In the absence of G. I. R. Mrs. Small, the G. R. S. Emma Harper Turner presided. Reports were received from (1) Iowa Alpha, (2) Illinois Beta, (3) Kansas Alpha, (4) Iowa Beta, (5) Iowa Gamma, (6) Iowa Epsilon (Bloomfield), (7) Iowa Zeta, (8) Iowa Kappa (Iowa City Alumnae), (9) Colorado Alpha, (10) Iowa Theta (Ottumwa), (11) Illinois Delta, (12) Iowa Iota (Mt. Pleasant Alumnae), (13) Nebraska Alpha (York), (14) Colorado Beta, (15) Michigan Alpha, (16) Indiana Alpha, (17) Michigan Beta, (18) Columbia Alpha, (19) Ohio Alpha fourteen active and five alumnae and as- sociate chapters. The Constitution, as perfected during the interim of conventions by Indiana Alpha, Iowa Alpha and Iowa Zeta, was adopted and ordered printed. It included a new initiation ceremony, a new ritual and a province organization. The carnation was adopted as the Fraternity flower, Pallas Athenae as the Fraternity goddess, and the present Pi Phi whistle. Election of Grand Officers resulted in making Emma Harper Turner, Grand President; Minnie H. Newby (Ricketts), Grand Vice-President ; Sude Weaver (Evans), of Bloomfield, NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 99 Grand Secretary; Georgiana Rowland, of Colorado Alpha, Grand Treasurer; Mrs. R. A. Small, Grand His- torian; and Helen Sutliff, of Kansas Alpha, Guide. Upon the recommendation of the committee on province organization the following were elected : Alpha Prov- ince, Franc Arnold (Chaddock) , of Michigan Beta ; Beta Province, Lizzie Wigle (Anderson), of Illinois Beta; Gamma Province, Zoe Williams (Seevers), of Iowa Zeta; Delta Province, Ida Winne-Ballantine, of Colorado Beta. The social activities included an informal reception to delegates ; literary exercises in the Presbyterian Church, at which Mrs. Carrie Chapman-Catt delivered an ad- dress upon " The New Revolution; " a banquet for eighty-five, followed by dancing; a " cookie shine ;" a reception by Phi Delta Thetas ; reception by Beta Theta Pi and Pi Gamma Phis; and a farewell reception by Illinois Beta and Illinois Delta in Odd Fellows Hall, at which over seven hundred were present. (See Arrow, June, 1890.) Twelfth Grand Alpha convened in the Phi Delta Theta Hall, at Lawrence, Kansas, on March 29, 30 and 31, 1892, Grand President Emma Harper Turner pre- siding. Twenty of the twenty-one active chapters rep- resented. Louisiana Alpha was not represented because of her inability to find a chaperone who would take the long trip. In the absence of Sude Weaver, Grand Secre- tary, Minnie Newby (Ricketts) was appointed secretary of the Convention. Publication of Arrow went to Michi- gan Beta. Reports of the first Province Presidents ' ' showed the chapters to be in splendid condition and a beginning made toward systematic province supervision." 100 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY The following working committees were appointed : (1) on Constitution, (2) on Catalogue, (3) on Alumnae, (4) Arrow, (5) auditing treasurer's report, (16) audit- ing Arrow report, (7) printing, (8) resolutions, (9) chapter houses, (10) literary bureau, (11) miscellane- ous. A general Alumnae Secretary authorized to have supervision of alumnae work. Voted, that " the 28th of April shall be known as Alumnae Day and shall cele- brate the founding of Pi Beta Phi." The Fraternity yell, "Ring ching ching, ho hippi hi, ra ro Arrow, Pi Beta Phi," adopted. Voted, that Fraternity take the place of Sorosis in name. Election of officers resulted in making Emma Harper Turner, Grand President; Mira Troth, Iowa Kappa, Grand Vice-President ; Minnie Newby (Ricketts), Michigan Beta, Grand Secretary; Helen Sutliff, of Kansas Alpha, Grand Treasurer ; Fran- ces E. Flagler, Iowa Theta, Grand Guide ; May Copeland (Reynolds-Drybread), Michigan Alpha, Grand Histo- rian ; Mrs. H. Knapp, Iowa Gamma, Alumnae Secretary ; Corinne Super (Stine), Ohio Alpha, Catalogue Sec- retary ; Province Presidents : Alpha, Franc Arnold (Chaddock), of Michigan Beta; Beta, Grace E. Harsh, of Illinois Beta; Gamma, Fannie Rutherford (Stanton), of Minnesota Alpha; Delta, Emma Sternberg, of Col- orado Alpha. The organization of an alumnae associa- tion was first discussed in convention. The social func- tions of convention included an informal reception by Kansas Alpha the first day, banquet at Weidmann's the second day, a formal reception and dance by Kansas Alpha the third day, and a reception and banquet, at which one hundred and thirty guests were present, the last day. (See Arrow, March, 1892.) NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 101 Thirteenth Grand Alpha met in the Isabella Club, Chi- cago, Illinois, July 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21, 1893, Emma Harper Turner, Grand President, presiding. Nineteen delegates present, Iowa Zeta and Iowa Kappa not rep- resented by delegate, but reports read ; total active chap- ters, twenty-one. Committees reported new printed Constitutions, Song Books, and initiation rituals. Adopted ritual for Alumnae Clubs. Ratified formation of the National Alumnae Association of Pi Beta Phi, with the following officers: President, Emma Harper Turner, of Columbia Alpha; Vice-President, Mrs. Laurie Light- Vance, of Iowa Alpha; Treasurer, Ona H. Payne (Newsom), of Indiana Alpha; Secretary, Effie June Scott (Franklin), of Kansas Alpha; Guide, Dr. Phoebe R. Norris, of Columbia Alpha ; Historian, Minnie H. Newby (Ricketts) of Michigan Beta. Provinces were redistricted with a view to holding province conventions. The following Grand Officers were elected : Grand President, Helen B. Sutliff, Kansas Alpha ; Grand Vice- President, Corinne Super-Stine, Ohio Alpha ; Grand Sec- retary, Grace Lass (Sisson), Illinois Delta; Grand Treasurer, Lucinda Smith (Buchan), of Kansas Alpha; Grand Historian, Olive McHenry, Iowa Alpha; Grand Guide, Edna A. Clark, Columbia Alpha ; Province Presi- dents : Alpha, Anna Hazelton, Columbia Alpha ; Beta, Louise Hulbert (Wyant), of Michigan Beta; Gamma, Minnie Roberts, of Iowa Gamma ; Delta, Elizabeth Gam- ble, of Colorado Alpha; Catalogue Secretary, Mary Clarke Bancker, of Michigan Beta. First informal re- ception in parlors of Isabella Hotel; Second Pan-Hel- lenic Congress held July 20, at Art Institute; Pi Beta Phi was associated with Kappa Alpha Theta, Delta 102 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY Gamma, Gamma Phi Beta and Delta Delta Delta in a Fraternity Booth in Woman 's Building. ' ' A convention notable for its reunions." (See Arrow, July, 1893.) Fourteenth Convention was held in the Y. W. C. A. Hall, 68 Warrenton Ave., Boston, Mass., on August 27, 28 and 29, 1895, the Grand President, Helen Sutliff, presiding. Delegates were present from twenty-four chapters ; one chapter, Callanan College, not represented by delegate. Voted, ' ' that the name Convention be used instead of Grand Alpha; " " that chapters be required to preserve an Arrow file; " " that the Grand Viee- President be keeper of the permanent roll of the Fra- ternity, and that chapter vice-presidents act in the same capacity for chapters ; " " that initiation fee be $5.00 and annual tax be $5.00, which will include cost of the Arrow, and will be paid by Grand Treasurer. ' ' Province redis- tricting, as voted by last Convention, showed, in Alpha Province, Vermont Alpha, Columbia Alpha, Pennsyl- vania Alpha, Pennsylvania Beta, Ohio Alpha, and Ohio Beta; in Beta Province, Illinois Beta, Illinois Delta, Il- linois Epsilon, Indiana Alpha, Indiana Beta, Michigan Alpha and Michigan Beta; in Gamma Province, Iowa Alpha, Iowa Beta, Iowa Zeta, Iowa Lambda, Minnesota Alpha and Wisconsin Alpha; in Delta Province, Loui- siana Alpha, Kansas Alpha, Nebraska Beta, Colorado Alpha, Colorado Beta and California Alpha. Election of officers resulted in making Grand President, Grace Lass (Sisson), Illinois Delta; Grand Vice-President, Elizabeth Gamble, Colorado Alpha; Grand Secretary, Florence P. Chase (Cass), of Michigan Alpha; Grand Treasurer, Lucinda Smith (Buchan), of Kansas Alpha; NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 103 Guide, Edith Ingersoll, Colorado Beta (these officers composed the Grand Council) ; Grand Historian, Susan Lewis, of Michigan Beta ; Province Presidents : Alpha, Anna Hazelton, Columbia Alpha; Beta, Loretta Hood (Young), Illinois Delta; Gamma, Gertrude Clark-Sober, Wisconsin Alpha; Delta, Jeannette Bennett-Dunham, Colorado Alpha. The social side of this Convention in- cluded an informal reception the first day, a model initia- tion, followed by a " cookie shine," a banquet and dance, and several informal gatherings. (See Arrow, October, 1895.) Fifteenth Biennial Convention was held in the Library Hall of the University of Winconsin, July 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, 1897, Grand President Grace Lass-Sisson presiding. Twenty-six chapter delegates, all the members of the Grand Council, Arrow Editor, Chairman Literary Bureau, President of the Alumnae Association, and forty-eight guests were present. One chapter only Louisiana Alpha was not represented. Founder Emma Brownlee-Kilgore, in behalf of the Monmouth alumnae, presented Convention with a silver-mounted gavel. Upon the recommendation of the Historian, each chapter was assigned a historical topic for study, re- search and report. Voted, " that the Grand President shall issue an annual message ; " ' ' that annual examina- tions shall be taken by every active member of the Fraternity the first week in March ; ' ' that ' * unanimous consent of chapters in a province is necessary to grant a charter;" that " honorary membership " be abolished. Election of officers as follows: Grand President, Grace Lass-Sisson, Illinois Delta ; Grand Vice-President, 104 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY Grace Grosvenor (Shepard), Ohio Alpha; Grand Secre- tary, Ethel B. Allen (Hamilton), Kansas Alpha; Grand Treasurer, Lucinda Smith (Buchan), of Kansas Alpha; Grand Guide, Charlotte Allen-Farnsworth, Colorado Al- pha ; Historian, Susan Lewis ; Province Presidents : Alpha, Mary Bartol (Theiss), of Pennsylvania Beta; Beta, Ona H. Payne (Newsom), Indiana Alpha; Gamma, Elizabeth Smith, Colorado Alpha ; Delta, Louise Foucar (Marshall), of Colorado Beta. Social activities included an informal reception, model initiation, large informal reception and a banquet. (See Arrow, July, 1897.} Sixteenth Biennial Convention was held in the Chau- tauqua Auditorium, Boulder, Colorado, on August 29, 30, 31 and September 1, 1899, with Grace Lass-Sisson, Grand President, presiding. Delegates from twenty-nine chapters were present, and five Grand Officers. During the interim of convention Amelia D. Alpiner (Stern), of Illinois Zeta, had succeeded Ethel Allen as Grand Sec- retary, and Ida Greeley Smith her sister Lucinda Smith- Buchan as Treasurer. Voted, " that Arrow Editor be made part of Grand Council " in place of the Grand Guide, who will hereafter be appointed by the Grand President ; ' ' to pay a salary to the Grand President, to the Grand Secretary and to the Grand Treasurer; " to have ' ' a travelling delegate, Grand President, if possible, whose duty it shall be to visit all chapters during in- terim of convention; " membership confined to active and alumnae no honorary members ; Constitution re- vised and ordered printed; Treasurer's bond raised to $2,000. Election of officers as follows : Grand Presi- dent, Elsie Bradford (Johnson), Columbia Alpha; NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 105 Grand Vice-President, Elizabeth Gamble, Colorado Alpha; Grand Secretary, Mary Bartol (Theiss), Penn- sylvania Beta; Grand Treasurer, Ida Greeley Smith (Griffith), Kansas Alpha; Arrow Editor, Florence Por- ter Robinson, Wisconsin Alpha (these compose the Grand Council) ; Historian, Susan Lewis, Michigan Beta ; Province Presidents : Alpha, Frances Darlington, Pennsylvania Alpha; Beta, Lura Grimes (Anderson), Indiana Beta; Gamma, Olivia Ambler (Simmons), Iowa Alpha; Delta, Clara Matthews (Mcllhenny), Louisiana Alpha. Social side of Convention included an informal reception the first day, a reception by Delta Gamma, a model initiation, followed by a " cookie shine " and dancing; a trip around the mountains from Boulder to Ward ' ' the Switzerland Trail of America ; " a recep- tion by the Colorado Alpha patronesses of Pi Beta Phi ; a banquet ; a reception by Theta Chapter of Gamma Phi Beta in Denver, and trolley sightseeing ride in Denver. (See Arrow, November, 1899.) The Seventeenth National Biennial Convention met in the University Buildings at Syracuse, New York, on July 2, 3, 4 and 5, 1901, Grand President Elsie Bradford presiding. Six national officers and thirty chapter dele- gates were present. Sadie B. Williams (Bell), New York Alpha, appointed Convention Guide. Voted, " that the Alumnae Association, or the work now done by that body, become a part of the general Fraternity organization, and that to the duties of Grand Vice-President be added those of Alumnae Secretary, and that she be nominated by the alumnae, and that in each chapter to the duties of vice-president be added those of chapter alumnae sec- 106 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY retary;" that the Grand Vice-President " shall have charge of the alumnae work, ' ' with a salary ; that * * Na- tional Biennial " be inserted before " Convention." In 1900 " a petition was made to the Grand Council by the Alumnae Council, by which they might be allowed to obtain reduced rates (25 cents per year) for the Arrow subscriptions for alumnae, after the Arrow had been supplied to the active Fraternity. This was granted and it proved most successful in increasing alumnae support and subscriptions." The Syracuse Convention voted to continue this concession to the alumnae. Election of offi- cers as follows : Grand President, Elizabeth Gamble, Colorado Alpha; Grand Vice-President and Secretary for the Alumnae, Fannie K. Read (Cook), of Michigan Beta; Grand Secretary, Mary Bartol (Theiss), of Pennsylvania Beta; Grand Treasurer, Martha Nutter Kimball, Colorado Beta ; Arrow Editor, Florence Porter Robinson, Wisconsin Alpha ; Grand Historian, Susan W. Lewis ; Province Presidents as follows : Alpha, Sadie B. Williams (Bell), New York Alpha; Beta, Ethel Cur- ryer, Indiana Gamma; Gamma, Olivia Ambler (Sim- mons), Iowa Alpha; Delta, Ida Greeley Smith (Griffith), of Kansas Alpha. Two balls, a " cookie shine," and a banquet where one hundred and eleven gathered around the board, were the greater features of the social side of this Convention. (See Arrow, November, 1901.) Eighteenth National Biennial Convention was held in the Forest Park University Gymnasium, St. Louis, Mo., on June 28, 29, 30 and July 1 and 2, 1904, Grand Presi- dent Elizabeth Gamble presiding. Present, eleven offi- cers, delegates from thirty-three chapters, and four NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 107 Founders, Emma Brownlee-Kilgore, Fanny Whitenack- Libby, Libbie Brook-G-addis and Jennie Horne-Turnbull. Gratia E. Woodside, Missouri Alpha, appointed Conven- tion Guide. Voted, " that Province Presidents, Grand Historian, Convention Guide be given seats in conven- tion; " " that all members of the Alumnae Association and all visiting Pi Phis be allowed the privileges of the floor as though members of convention ; " * * that the Constitution, as revised by the Grand Council, and presented to the chapters for ratification according to instructions from the Syracuse Convention, be hereby ratified; " " that a joint committee of active and alumnae members be appointed by the chair to outline suggestions for perfection of organization of the Alumnae Department; " ll that life membership in the Alumnae Association be given on the pay- ment of $5.00 in one instalment, or of $6.00 if paid in six annual instalments; " that the Fraternity Statutes be amended to read " To conduct an ex- amination on the Fraternity Constitution, and Stat- utes, history and policy, and on parliamentary law, which examination shall be taken by every chapter be- tween December 1 and March 3; " " that the duration of a visit of visiting delegate be not less than two days. ' ' During the interim of conventions the following printed matter was issued by the Fraternity : second edition Historical Sketch, second edition Song Book, 176 pages, and Fraternity Catalogue. Grand President reported sixteen applicants for charters in Pi Phi during her of- fice. The election of officers resulted in making Grand President, Elizabeth Gamble, Colorado Alpha; Grand 108 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY Vice-President and Secretary to the Alumnae, May Copeland-Reynolds (Drybread), Michigan Alpha; Grand Secretary, Mary Bartol-Theiss, of Pennsylvania Beta; Grand Treasurer, Martha N. Kimball, of Colo- rado Beta; Arrow Editor, Florence Porter Robinson; Historian, Susan W. Lewis, of Michigan Beta ; Province Presidents: Alpha, Anna M. Jackson (Branson), of Pennsylvania Alpha; Beta, Elda L. Smith, of Illinois Epsilon; Gamma, Sue M. Stone (Smith), of Missouri Alpha; Delta, Anne Stuart, of Nebraska Beta. Owing to the fact that this Convention was held during the St. Louis Exposition, social functions were confined to an informal reception, a model initiation and banquet. There were more than one hundred and fifty guests at this Convention. (See Arrow, July, 1904.) Nineteenth National Biennial Convention met at the Claypool Hotel, Indianapolis, Indiana, on June 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30, 1906, Grand President Elizabeth Gamble in the chair. In the absence of the Grand Secretary, Mrs. Theiss, Elda L. Smith, Illinois Epsilon, was ap- pointed secretary of the Convention. Ethel Rous Curryer, Indiana Gamma, was appointed Convention Guide. Ten officers and delegates from thirty-five chap- ters were present. Voted, " that all Pi Beta Phi pins purchased by further initiates be marked with owner's name and chapter;" " that the use of the Arrow be confined to the Fraternity badge; " " that the Grand Council hold an annual meeting at a time and place to be chosen by the Grand President ; " " that Province Presidents be required to visit the chapters of their respective provinces once during the interim of conven- NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 109 tion, travelling expenses to be paid from Grand Treas- ury; " " that the policy of the Grand Council for the next two years be that no charter be granted to chapters in colleges with less than $75,000 annual income, a high standard of scholarship, and at least fifty women students where Phi Beta Phi is the first sorority to enter, seventy-five where she is second, one hundred where she is third, etc., in same ratio; " " that Pi Beta Phi suggest to the local Pan-Hellenic that the Dean of Women or some woman of the Fac- ulty be invited to meet with them; " " that Pi Beta Phi establish scholarships not to exceed $1,000, in total, for the college year; such scholarships to be open only to members of Pi Beta Phi; " " that the scholarships be awarded in each case to the persons and in the places decided upon by the unanimous vote of Grand Council; " " that the undergraduate scholarships be $325 each, and the graduates scholarship $350; " " that no Pi Beta Phi jewelry shall be given to any man; " " that a uniform patroness' pin be adopted; " " that there be a fixed place for wearing the Arrow; n " that it be worn on the left side near the heart; n " that the official jewellers be authorized to make as pledge pin an arrow-head of Roman gold with B of burnished gold mounted on it; the pin to be the size of the submitted design and pointing horizontally; " <r that at the close of each year the corresponding sec- retary of each chapter send to its alumnae a circular letter which shall follow as closely as possible the sug- gestions of Pennsylvania Beta; " " that the chair ap- point a committee to consider a coat of arms and re- 110 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY port at following convention. ' ' Duties of Alumnae Edi- tor outlined by committee. Election resulted as fol- lows: Grand President, Elizabeth Gamble, Colorado Alpha; Grand Vice-President, May Copeland-Reynolds (Drybread), of Michigan Alpha; Grand Secretary, Elda L. Smith, of Illinois Epsilon; Grand Treasurer, Martha N. Kimball, Colorado Beta ; Grand Historian, Jeannette Zeppenfeld, Indiana Alpha; Arrow Editor, Florence Porter Robinson, of Wisconsin Alpha; Province Presi- dents: Alpha, Anna M. Jackson (Branson), of Pennsylvania Alpha; Beta, Edith Clark-Burr, Illinois Zeta; Gamma, Anne Stuart, of Nebraska Beta; Delta, Roberta Frye, of Maryland Alpha. The Grand Council reported fifteen applications for charters during the two years interim of conventions. At this Convention, the three Indiana chapters were hostesses. On the first day of Convention there was an informal reception. The second day was Alumnae Day, and was given up to the Indiana alumnae, who entertained Kappa Alpha Theta, Kappa Kappa Kappa, Delta Gam- ma, Chi Omega and Alpha Phi alumnae, for the Council, delegates and Pi Phi guests, with a musical in the Propylaeum. The third day a dance, in which over five hundred were in the grand march, and the fourth day a sumptuous banquet at which covers were laid for one hundred and fifty, made up a part of the Conven- tion festivities. (See Arrow, July, 1906.) The Twentieth National Biennial Convention met in the Banquet Room of the New Denechaud Hotel, New Orleans, Louisiana, on December 30, 1907, and Jan- uary 1, 2, 3, 1908, Grand President Elizabeth Gamble NATIONAL CONVENTIONS HI presiding. Thirteen officers and delegates from thirty- eight chapters present. Celeste Bush Janvier, of Loui- siana Alpha, appointed Convention Guide. Voted, " that the Cataloguer be made a delegate to Conven- tion; " " that the first annual tax of initiates shall pay for life membership in the Alumnae Department of the Fraternity; " " that each chapter shall be taxed $1.00 per capita for each graduate or member leaving college permanently, except in the cases of those who have been initiated since January 1, 1908. This tax shall be paid into the National Treasury, thus purchasing the Arrow for four years after the time of departure from col- lege ; ' ' * * that four Province Secretaries, having the same districts as the Province Presidents, shall be elected by Convention as assistants to the Grand Vice-Presidents in carrying on the work of the Alumnae Department; " ''' that the expenses of the Alumnae Province Secreta- ries to convention be paid by the National Treasury; " " that the Province Secretaries be given no vote in con- vention; " " that each alumnae club which is situated geographically near enough to an active chapter to make it practicable, shall send a delegate to the chapter meet- ing at least once a month and shall invite representa- tives from the active chapter to attend alumnae club meetings; " " that chapters, which for two successive years are reported through the college authorities as deficient in scholarship, forfeit the right to charters, if at the end of two years there is no improvement; " " no special student in any college of liberal arts shall be eligible to membership in Pi Beta Phi, who carries less than twelve hours ' work, or who has less than twelve 112 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY hours' credit in such college; " " that question of patroness' pin be laid on the table, pending the choice of symbols; " " that a secret number of the Arrow be printed annually, which shall publish the minutes and reports of conventions, the annual chapter reports to the Grand Secretary, and any other information for the use of the Fraternity. Election of officers resulted as follows : Grand President, May Lansfield Keller, Mary- land Alpha; Grand Vice-President, Cora E. Marlowe (Kerns), Minnesota Alpha; Grand Secretary, Elda L. Smith, Illinois Epsilon; Grand Treasurer, Celeste Bush Janvier, Louisiana Alpha ; Historian, Jeannette Zeppen- feld, of Indiana Alphia; Arrow Editor, Mary Bartol- Theiss, of Pennsylvania Beta ; Alumnae Editor, Sarah G. Pomeroy, of Massachusetts Alpha; Province Presi- dents: Alpha, Elfrieda Hochbaum-Pope, Illinois Epsilon; Beta, Anna W. Lytle (Tannahill), Nebraska Beta; Gamma, Anne Stuart, Nebraska Beta; Delta, Roberta G. Frye, Maryland Alpha; Province Secreta- ries: Alpha, Edna L. Stone, Maryland Alpha; Beta, Fanny Miner, Indiana Gamma; Gamma, Hilda Kirke White, Illinois Zeta ; Delta, Louise Foucar-Marshall, Col- orado Beta. The social side of Convention included an informal reception in the banquet room of the Denechaud Hotel, with an address of welcome by President Dixon on the first night; a royal entertainment New Year's Eve by Kappa Kappa Gamma; the third day Alpha Tau Omega gave the delegates a trolley ride to and through Newcomb College grounds, visiting the pottery works, and having New Year's luncheon on the campus; a PI I Convention Swartlimore. NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 113 trip to the quaint old French opera-house, where " La Tosca " was being played; and a banquet the last eve- ning, with covers for one hundred and twenty-five, at the close of which, after brilliant toasts and amusing fake telegrams from distinguished personages, " loving- cups " of Newcomb pottery, with the Pi Phi carnations upon them, were presented to those two magnificent women who had given so many years and much effort to the Fraternity, Elizabeth Gamble and Florence Rob- inson. (See Arrow, January, 1908.) The Twenty-first National Biennial Convention was held in the Presbyterian Chapel, Swarthmore, Pennsyl- vania, on June 27, 28, 29 and 30, 1910, Grand Presi- dent May L. Keller presiding. Thirteen officers and delegates from forty chapters were present. The three Pennsylvania chapters were hostesses. Mary Cooper Johnson, of Pennsylvania Alpha, appointed Convention Guide. In July, 1908, Anna Robinson-Nickerson, Massachusetts Alpha, succeeded Elfrieda Hochbaum- Pope, as Alpha Province President ; in November, 1909, Kate Walker-Johnson, of Nebraska Beta, succeeded Anna Lytle (Tannahill) as Beta Province President; in November, 1908, Mary E. Wallihan (Gibson), Col- orado Beta, succeeded Louise Foucar-Marshall, as Delta Province Secretary; in October, 1908, Helen Schaeffer- Huff was appointed Cataloguer; these between-conven- tion officers were duly seated in convention. Voted, " that the Convention Guide be given a seat and vote in convention ; ' ' ' ' that alumnae club representatives *be given seats in convention and the privileges of the floor; " " that the sanction of the Convention be given 114 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY to the plan suggested by the "Washington Alumnae Club to the Alumnae Department for maintaining a school in the Appalachian Mountains in honor of the Founders and founding of Pi Beta Phi; " " that the Fraternity maintain the policy adopted by the Nineteenth Biennial Convention, and endorsed by the Twentieth Biennial Convention; namely, of extension into no colleges with less than $75,000 annual income, or with less than fifty women students where Pi Beta Phi is the first woman's fraternity to enter, seventy-five where she is second, one hundred where she is third, etc., in the same ratio; " " that the Fraternity continue its present policy of granting a $500 fellowship for graduate study either in America or in Europe; " " that an appropriation of $200 be made annually for two years for a loan fund, available to Pi Beta Phi undergraduates ; " ' ' that con- vention minutes be published as an extra number, secret issue, of the Arrow ; ' ' " that chapters conduct examina- tions for their pledges, on the chapter roll, names of Founders, and Grand Council, and other matters of general Fraternity interest; this examination to be passed before the pledge is eligible to initiation; " " that each chapter be required to have its Arrow files bound through volume twenty-six. ' ' The salaries of the Grand President, Grand Vice-President, Grand Sec- retary, Grand Treasurer, Arrow Editor, Alumnae Editor and Cataloguer were revised and fixed by Convention. The following officers were elected for the ensuing two years: Grand President, May L. Keller, Maryland Alpha; Grand Vice-President, Anna Jackson-Branson, Pennsylvania Alpha ; Grand Secretary, Julia E. Rogers, NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 115 Iowa Zeta; Grand Treasurer, Celeste Bush Janvier, Louisiana Alpha ; Arrow Editor, Mary Bartol-Theiss, of Pennsylvania Beta; Historian, Kate King-Bostwick, Michigan Alpha; Alpha Province President, Anna Rob- inson-Nickerson, Massachusetts Alpha; Beta Province President, Kate Walker- Johnson, Nebraska Beta; Gamma Province President, Anne Stuart, Nebraska Beta ; Delta Province, Gertrude Fitz-Randolph-Currens, Colorado Alpha; Alumnae Editor, Sophie Woodman, New York Beta; Alpha Province Secretary, Elizabeth Shepard-Lough, Wisconsin Alpha ; Beta Province Secre- tary, Fanny Miner, Indiana Gamma; Gamma Province Secretary, Frances Dunning, Maryland Alpha; Delta Province Secretary, Mary E. Wallihan (Gibson), of Colorado Beta. The social side of Convention : The Grand Council and as many others as possible were housed in the Strath Haven Inn, where delegates and visitors were enter- tained on Monday with song, recitation, college skits and a Pi Phi medley; Tuesday a picnic across Crum Creek; Wednesday, the Convention picture was taken in the morning, and in the afternoon Pennsylvania Alpha presented fairy scenes from Midsummer Night's Dream in the near-by dell, and in the evening Pennsyl- vania Beta entertained with a stunt party and " cookie shine; " Thursday evening the long-to-be-remembered banquet, at which was announced that Nebraska Beta had won the loving-cup for attendance at Convention. There were one hundred and sixty-seven visiting Pi Phis at this Convention. (See Arrow, July, 1910.) The Twenty-second National Biennial Convention was 116 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY held in Annie May Swift Hall, of Northwestern Univer- sity, Evanston, Illinois, on June 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29, 1912, May Lansfield Keller, Grand President, presiding. Elda L. Smith, Illinois Epsilon, was appointed Conven- tion Guide. Roll call showed sixteen officers and forty- four delegates present, Beta Province President being absent. Owing to ill health, Mary Bartol-Theiss, Arrow Editor, was succeeded in November, 1911, by Sarah G. Pomeroy, Massachusetts Alpha. Voted, " that all alumnae be granted the privileges of the floor ; " " that a permanent loan fund of not less than $200 per annum be established; " " that each province shall have a Province Vice-President, elected at convention, having the same district as the Province President, and assisting the Grand Vice-President and the Alumnae Editor," these succeeded the alumnae secretaries in the Alumnae Department ; " that Province Vice- Presidents shall have their expenses to convention paid from the National Treasury, but shall have no vote; " " that the sanction of Convention be given to the recommendation that $250 per annum be given for running expenses of the Settlement School; " " that the Chicago Alumnae Club be re- quested to assume control of the Settlement School proj- ect; " " that Grand Treasurer hereafter be required to give bond in an amount not less than $6,000 ; " ' ' the restoration of the small recognition pin be authorized ; ' ' " that the provinces be redistricted as follows, on a geo- graphic basis, enlarging the number from four to six : Alpha Province, eight chapters, to include the states of Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Conventioi Kvunston. NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 117 Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hamp- shire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ontario, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont and Virginia; Beta Province, eight chapters, to include the states of Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia; Gamma Province, ten chapters, to include the states of Alabama, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Minnesota, Mis- sissippi, Tennessee and Wisconsin; Delta Province, ten chapters, to include the states of Arkansas, Iowa, Kan- sas, Louisiana, Missouri and Nebraska ; Epsilon Prov- ince, five chapters, to include the states of Colorado, Oklahoma, Montana, New Mexico, Texas, Wyoming, North Dakota and South Dakota; Zeta Province, four chapters, to include the states of Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah and Washington. The election of officers resulted as follows : Grand Presi- dent, May L. Keller, Maryland Alpha; Grand Vice- President, Lida Burkhard-Lardner, Colorado Beta; Grand Secretary, Amy B. Onken, Illinois Epsilon; Grand Treasurer, Anne Stuart, Nebraska Beta; Arrow Editor, Sarah G. Pomeroy(Rugg), Massachusetts Alpha; Historian, Elizabeth Clarke-Helmick, Michigan Alpha; Alpha Province President, Anna Robinson-Nickerson, Massachusetts Alpha; Beta Province President, Anna Pettitt (Broomell), Pennsylvania Alpha; Gamma Prov- ince President, Abbie Langmaid, Minnesota Alpha; Delta Province President, Lois Janvier, Louisiana Alpha; Epsilon Province President, Gertrude Fitz-Ran- dolph-Currens, Colorado Alpha; Zeta Province Presi- dent, Marguerite Davis-Carney, Colorado Alpha ; Alpha Province Vice-President, Grace Goodhue-Coolidge, Ver- 118 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY mont Beta ; Beta Province Vice-President, Elsa Schlicht, Ohio Gamma; Gamma Province Vice-President, Lizette Woerner (Hampton), Wisconsin Alpha; Delta Province Vice-President, Margaret Ross (McEldowney), Missouri Alpha; Epsilon Province Vice-President, Emily Maver- ick (Miller), Texas Alpha; Zeta Province Vice-Presi- dent, Leta Horlocker, Nebraska Beta. In August, 1913, Kate B. Miller, Iowa Beta, succeeded Abbie Langmaid as Gamma Province President, and in October, 1913, Edith Baker, Missouri Beta, succeeded Margaret Ross as Delta Province Vice-President. At this Convention the loving- cup was awarded New York Beta. Social events of this Convention included an informal reception in Willard Hall the first night, with an ad- dress of welcome by Miss Potter, Dean of Women at Northwestern, a Pi Beta Phi Pageant, written by Kate B. Miller, Iowa Beta, and presented by the Chicago Alumnae Club, swimming parties, breakfast on the beach, a boat ride on Lake Michigan, and a banquet Friday evening in Patton Gymnasium, to which 473 Pi Phis sat down together. The beautiful Pi Phi book plate designed by Edith Hammond, Illinois Epsilon, was presented to the Fra- ternity by the chapter. (See Convention, or Secret Arrow, 1912.) To the fortunate Pi Phi, who can attend a convention, it means " a new initiation into Pi Beta Phi. It is true we were wont to speak of being loyal to the wine and blue, but after attending one of our conventions we are as loyal to one chapter of Pi Beta Phi as to another. The interests, the aims, the pleasures, the triumphs, the dis- NATIONAL CONVENTIONS 119 appointments, the losses of every separate chapter, aye, of every individual member, we might say, become ours also." " We are bound by ties ties warmer and stronger than those of friendship to noble, intellectual, womanly women all over these United States. For the dear little girl from the far West, for the gentle Quaker maiden of the East, for the stately sister of the North, and for the charming girl from the South, convention has brought us a warmer interest and love." " Every wearer of the Fraternity badge feels a noble pride in that badge as a symbol of high aims and prog- ress." MARY CLARK BANCKER, Michigan Beta. Missouri Gamma Group. CHAPTER VII INSIGNIA BADGES. The badge of the Pi Beta Phi Fraternity is a gold arrow, about an inch in length, bearing the let- ters nB$ transversely on its feather, with a loop chain pendent from the shaft, worn on the left side near the heart. That the badge should be a gold arrow was decided by our Founders on the 5th of May, 1867, and was worn by them on the 14th of May, of the same year, for the first time. Until 1888, the pin bore upon its wing the letters I. C. in black enamel. The signifi- cance of each part of the arrow has never changed, but at the Convention of 1888, nB$ was substituted for I. C., the wing being enamelled in white, and jewelling was permitted. A guard pin was used before the safety catch was invented. This guard pin was of gold, a Greek letter, the same as the name of the chapter to which the owner belonged, or I. C. The first jewelled Pi Beta Phi pin was presented by the Fraternity to the highly esteemed President, Mrs. Rainie Adamson-Small, and was jewelled with diamonds and pearls. The Recognition Pin authorized by the 1912 Conven- tion is a duplicate of the badge, only smaller, and is worn on the coat lapel. The Pledge Pin is an arrow-head, made of Roman gold, and pointed horizontally, upon which is mounted 123 124 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY the Greek letter B in burnished gold. This pin is worn only by girls who have given their pledge to join the Fraternity, and have not been fully initiated. HONORARY BADGES. In 1893, at the Convention held in Chicago, during the World's Columbian Exposition, the following honorary badges for Grand Officers were adopted : Grand President a small gold gavel. Grand Vice-President a gold scroll, with wine enamelled gavel and letters IIB^> across the face. Grand Treasurer the $ sign in gold wire. Grand Secretary gold pen, with IIB<I> in black enamel across same. Grand Historian white enamelled scroll, with IIB$ in gold letters across the face. Arrow Editor white enamelled scroll, with word 11 Arrow " in gold across the face. COLORS. The colors of the Fraternity are dregs of wine and silver blue, adopted by the Convention of 1882, upon motion of Ella Ham (Robinson), of Iowa Zeta. FLOWER. The flower is the dark red carnation, adopted by the Convention of 1890. GODDESS. At the Galesburg Convention- held in 1890, Pallas Athense was adopted as the Fraternity goddess. FLAG. The flag is an oblong, with lower edge in- dented; connecting the opposite corners are curved lines which divide the field into three parts. The center portion is of silver blue, bearing in its upper part a monogram of the letters I C, surrounded by a halo, and INSIGNIA 125 below is a monogram of the letters IIB<I. The lower point is pierced by a gold arrow which overlaps the lateral section of the wine red. This flag was presented to Convention in 1896. YELL. The yell was adopted by the Convention of 1892, as follows : Ring, ching, ching, Ho, hippi, hi, Ra, ro, Arrow, Pi Beta Phi. WHISTLE. The following is the whistle call of the Fraternity, adopted at the 1890 Convention: {( Those three little Greek letters on the Arrow are as a talisman that will lead into sweeter, broader, richer fields of usefulness." GRACE LASS-SISSON, Illinois Delta. CHAPTER VIII ALUMNAE ORGANIZATIONS IT has been impossible to gather accurate detailed in- formation about alumnae chapters or clubs previous to? 1880. As early as 1870 we have been told of gatherings of I. C. groups at stated times and places, when active and inactive members met and discussed Fraternity af- fairs and chapter welfare over the teacups, but there was no concerted movement for fostering a closer rela- tionship between the active and alumnae members or for organizing alumnae chapters or clubs until 1$80 or 1881. Previous to 1880, in an I. C. Constitution in the His- torian's archives is a provision for alumnae organization reading : " Members of the several chapters shall, upon graduation, become members of the alumnae chap- ter, but shall retain connection with their former chap- ter. The alumnae chapter shall have no power to trans- act business. ' ' This last clause was amended by the Mt. Pleasant Convention of October, 1880, to read: ''Alumnae chapters shall have power to transact any business which does not in any way conflict with the workings of the general organization." Alumnae chap- ters, when organized, were at first given the name of the parent chapter followed by Omega, but after the Convention of 1882, these chapters were named with- out regard to their origin, as, for instance, the first 129 130 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY chapter chartered, being the Fairfield Chapter, became Beta Omega, the second, at Mt. Pleasant, was Gamma Omega, etc. Early in 1882, a society was formed in Des Moines, Iowa, composed entirely of alumnaa, and existed as an independent alumnse club until February 6, 1893, when it received a charter from the Grand Council, as Lambda Omega, just previous to the organization of the National Alumnag Association. This chapter, or club, was carefully organized, including among its members a number of our active workers of to-day. They held regular meetings and devoted their time to literary study, Fraternity interests and social affairs until they were merged into the new National Alumnae Association. The fact that this was the last alumnse chapter and was given the name Lambda leads us to believe there might have been nine Omega, or alumnge chapters, but we find record of only the following : (1) FAIRFIELD, Iowa, chartered October 12, 1882, under the name of Beta Omega. This chapter also ad- mitted to membership college women not initiated I. (Vs. (2) MT. PLEASANT, Iowa, chartered in September, 1884, as Gamma Omega, and was composed entirely of Pi Phi members from the Iowa Wesleyan College. " Iowa Alpha, our oldest chapter, separated its mem- bers into active and inactive (or alumnae) chapters when the active chapter, or members living in Mt. Pleasant, exceeded thirty in number." The overflow became members of Gamma Omega. (3) IOWA CITY, Iowa, was chartered September 12, 1884, as Delta Omega, and was a strong alumnae asso- Lila Rurkhardt-Lardner. ALUMNA ORGANIZATIONS 131 elation until 1893, when it went into the National Asso- ciation. With one exception this chapter was composed entirely of alumnae from Iowa State University, Iowa Zeta. (4) LAWRENCE, Kansas, was granted a charter in November, 1884, and was composed entirely of I. C.'s graduated from the Kansas State University. This chapter disbanded the following year. The records of the time of these alumnae organizations show that they were very active at home and in the general conventions, and retained the old Fraternity enthusiasm and loyalty which later made the alumna the stronghold of the national organization. In one of the early volumes of the Arrow, about this time, is an article written by Anna E. Ross (Clark) of Des Moines, under the heading " Relation of Pi Beta Phi to the Inactive Member." from which the following is quoted : "I use the word inactive, from the lack of a more appropriate term, to apply to those sisters who have at some time been faithful, active members in chapter work, and who are still loyal to the wine and blue, but who, from remoteness to a chapter, are unable to take an active part in its workings, and can be pres- ent only in spirit and sympathy. There is a relation existing between a chapter and its work and the retired member of that chapter, and this relation is determined chiefly by the one who no longer answers * here ' to the chapter roll. If a sister imagines that upon graduation she has discharged the last duty she owes to Pi Beta Phi and her sisters, that from that time onward her path is to be this way and the chapter's that, and that 132 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY lier relations to the chapter are a memory only, she has failed to understand the true meaning of friendship and fraternity. If to the chapter she gives nothing she can expect naught in return. The vows we made were not for a day nor yet for a year, but for all time, and we .are just as much Pi Phis to-day as we were when we were active members of a chapter. Our work is differ- ent; that is all. We served then an apprenticeship, mow we have in life's great work to live the principles -we have sworn to uphold and defend." Previous to 1892, one of the standing committees ap- pointed at convention had been the Alumnae Committee, whose duties included " collecting addresses of alumnae, organizing Pi Beta Phi Clubs, and doing general .alumnae work/' On March 29, 1892, this committee recommended to the Convention held at Lawrence Ul that a general alumnae secretary be appointed to have supervision of alumnae work," and Lillie S. Hazelton, x)f Columbia Alpha, entered upon these duties the fol- lowing August. This year was productive of great alumnae activity in organizing Pi Phi alumnae clubs in cities, and sending out circulars and " round robin " letters among isolated members. It had become clear to the Grand Counoil that the only means for bringing the alumnae into closer touch with active members, and to provide for a more general moral and financial support, " would be to extend, or reorganize the Fraternity in such a way that it would touch the lives of the alumna at some vital point, and make the work worth while for her to do, and it was with such a plan in mind that the Grand President ALUMNJB ORGANIZATIONS 133 (Emma Harper Turner) sent out a circular in May, 1893, proposing the formation of an Alumnae Associa- tion of Pi Beta Phi, to be composed of (a) alumnae chapters and clubs and (6) alumnae corresponding mem- bers." This circular stimulated thought, and delegates and alumnae came to the next convention with well- formed ideas for organization. At a meeting held in the Isabella Club House, Chi- cago, on Tuesday evening, July 18, 1893, the question of organization was submitted to the alumnae for their decision. " The question was a serious one, and in- volved many vital considerations. There was no doubt but what such an organization would have a great and good influence on the undergraduates of the Fraternity. Besides inspiring them by their example, the association of older women in Fraternity work would give a dignity and weight to the Fraternity which would never belong to a mere college society. " Also " it was the crystalli- zation of a well-developed conviction in the Fraternity that alumnae relations would be best conserved and pro- ductive of the most good through a definite, concrete organization/' The subject had long been one of dis- cussion at meetings and reunions, in correspondence, and in the Arrow; finally a way for action was thor- oughly prepared. The inauguration took place under most favorable circumstances: the largest convention the Fraternity had ever held was then in session, enrolling a represen- tative alumnae contingent. " To maintain the Fraternity associations of Pi Beta Phi alumnae and to secure their cooperation in the de- 134 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY velopment of the Fraternity," was set forth as the ob- ject of the association, and bearing in mind the varied and busy lives of the alumnae to be served by the associ- ation, a very simple form of government, without re- quirements or demands, was adopted. The new organi- zation was not covered by any provision of the Frater- nity law, yet it must, if successful, become an important factor in the general Fraternity welfare, and hence the movement. The constitution and officers recommended were submitted to the General Convention for action, and were by it at once officially recognized and enthu- siastically endorsed. The first Council of officers consisted of : President, Emma Harper Turner, Columbia Alpha; Vice-Presi- dent, Mrs. Laura M. Light- Vance, Iowa Alpha; Secre- tary, Effie June Scott (Franklin), Kansas Alpha; Treasurer, Ina H. Payne (Newsom), Indiana Alpha; Guide, Dr. Phoebe R. Norris, Columbia Alpha. Immediately upon the formation of the National Alumnas Association, state secretaries were appointed in the principal Pi Phi strongholds, and the work of keep- ing alive the old Fraternity spirit of comradeship and love was launched. The first published list, October, 1893, shows an attempt to organize the alumnae in Washington, D. C., Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas and Colorado, and a regular Alumnse De- partment was scheduled in the Directory of the Frater- nity in the Arrow. The Second Convention was held in Boston, in 1895, at the time of the General Convention, and elected the following officers: President, Emma Harper Turner, ALUMNA ORGANIZATIONS 135 Columbia Alpha; Vice-President, Slide Weaver-Evans, Iowa Epsilon; Secretary, Dr. Phoebe R. Norris, Colum- bia Alpha; Treasurer, Sarah M. Sterrett, Iowa Alpha; Marshal, Sarah F. Sparks, Columbia Alpha. In 1896 the Alumnae Association voted to cooperate with the Arrow Editor, and Mary S. Hutchinson (Con- row), of Pennsylvania Alpha, was placed in charge of the work, which she carried on with satisfactory results until 1899. She was styled Alumnee Editor. The Third Convention was held at Madison, Wiscon- sin, on July 8, 1897, and resulted in the election of : President, Miriam E. Prindle, Illinois Epsilon; Vice- President, Mary Thompson-Ried, Michigan Beta; Sec- retary, Mary Harris, Pennsylvania Beta; Treasurer, Maud Hicks-Lamson, Iowa Gamma; Marshal, Alice Pierce-Sylvester, Michigan Beta. The Fourth Convention, held in Boulder, Colorado, in August, 1899, elected the following Council : Presi- dent, Fanny K. Read (Cook), of Michigan Beta; Vice- President, Leila Lane-Smith, Michigan Alpha; Secre- tary, Anna S. Hazelton, Columbia Alpha; Treasurer, Gertrude Clark (Sober) -Church, Michigan Beta; Mar- shal, Kate King-Bostwick, Michigan Alpha. On July 4, 1901, the National Alumnae Association petitioned the Biennial Convention, at Syracuse, N. Y., through the Grand Council, and it was recommended and presented by them, " That the Alumnae Association, or the work now done by that body, become a part of the general Fraternity organization, and that to the duties of the Grand Yice-President be added those of Alumnae Secretary, and that she be nominated by the 136 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY alumnae; and that in each chapter to the duties of vice- president be added those of chapter alumnae secretary." On motion, this recommendation became a part of the Constitution, and a salary of $50 per annum, which has since been raised to $200, was authorized. At this time the entire alumnae membership had been card-catalogued by Florence Chase-Cass, of Michigan Alpha, there being 11,000 entries made in the work Since the consolidation of the Alumnae Association Conventions with the National Biennial Conventions, the following have been elected Grand Vice-Presidents, and therefore presidents of the Alumnae Conventions, which have occupied one session of each National Con- vention : 1901, Fanny K. Reed (Cook), Michigan Beta. 1904, May Copeland-Reynolds (Drybread), Michigan Alpha. 1906, May Copeland-Reynolds (Drybread), Michigan Alpha. 1908, Cora E. Marlowe (Kerns), Minnesota Alpha. 1910, Anna Jackson-Brandon, Pennsylvania Alpha. 1912, Lida Burkhardt-Lardner, Colorado Beta. " Emma Harper Turner was president of the Alumnae Association from 1893 to 1897. As she had been its inspiration, so likewise, during her term of of- fice, she was its life, its heart, its soul. She was as untiring in her work as she had been in her work for the general Fraternity while at its head. Her succes- sors have ably carried on the work she began. " "Love feels n*o burden, thinks nothing of trouble, at- tempts what is above its strength, pleads no excuse of impossibility; for it thinks all things lawful for itself and all things possible." A'KEMPIS. ~ <| CHAPTER IX ALUMNAE CLUBS THE national strength of a fraternity may be shown by its organizations of alumnae as well as by its active college chapters. Pi Beta Phi has made provisions for husbanding her alumnae strength by organizing and chartering alumnae clubs in connection with her Alumnae Department wherever ten or more members may be found. The six province vice-presidents, elected at Conven- tion, and having the same districts as the province pres- idents, have the general supervision of all alumnae in- terests in their provinces, and are responsible to the Fraternity, through the Grand Vice-President, for the development of Pi Phi activities of those under them. They are representatives at convention, but have no votes. The Statutes of Pi Beta Phi stipulate " that every alumnae club shall hold at least three meetings a year; one of which shall be devoted to the interests of the nearest chapter or chapters, one to the study of the Constitution, the historical documents and the yearly examination questions, and one to the observance of Founders' Day. These and all business meetings shall be opened and closed with the Fraternity ritual." To stimulate a closer bond and feeling of responsibility be- 139 140 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY tween the active members and the elder sisters in the alumnae " each alumnae club which is geographically near enough to an active chapter to make it practicable shall send a delegate to the chapter meeting at least once a month and shall invite representatives from the active chapter to attend alumnae club meetings," also " every alumnae club president shall send annually to the Grand Vice-President a letter covering the intimate points of club work," and " every alumnae club secretary shall send annually to the Alumnae Editor a report of the year's work." Active membership in the Alumnae De- partment is necessary to membership in an alumnae club. " If practicable, every alumnae club shall send a repre- sentative to the national convention, who shall have the privilege of the floor, but no vote except on questions pertaining to the work of the Alumnae Department." From the day of our initiation into Pi Beta Phi it has been impressed upon us that our vows taken then were not alone for college days but for as long as we live. Said Emerson: " Within every man's thoughts is a higher thought; within the character he exhibits to-day a higher character; " and so " Pi Phi pledges her kindliest and best efforts toward making a part of the visible woman this best part." To-day, we have sixty-seven clubs over the country, as follows: AMES ALUMNAE CLUB, Ames, Iowa, was organized in September, 1901, being at its inception purely social. Later, it took as its mission the reestablishing of Iowa Gamma, which was accomplished in 1906. Since that time its meetings have been devoted to Pi Phi interests, ALUMNJE CLUBS 141 and recently to assisting the Ames Chapter in planning and building their new Chapter House upon the campus and working for the Pi Beta Phi Settlement School. It meets quarterly at luncheons, followed by business. It was chartered February 17, 1913, and has twenty-three working members. Mrs. E. B. Bush (Edna Everett), 706 Clark Avenue, Ames, Iowa, is secretary. ANN ARBOR ALUMNAE CLUB, Ann Arbor, Michigan, was chartered April 17, 1913, by Dora Payne-Roth, Katherine Tower-Barnes, Mary Snow-Case, Lucy Par- ker-Huber, Rebecca Downey- White, Lora Wright-Lewis, Emma Hynes-Riggs, Faith Gilbert-Parker, Lida Van Horn White-Miller and Marguerite White, all connected with the University of Michigan. Though meetings of Ann Arbor Pi Phis were held informally for a number of years without a definite organization, since its char- ter has been taken out it has become in a measure spon- sor for Michigan Beta Chapter and assumed its share of the responsibility of supporting the Pi Beta Phi Set- tlement School. It has sixteen members. Mrs. H. E. Riggs, 1319 Cambridge Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan, is secretary. ATHENS ALUMNAE CLUB, Athens, Ohio, was estab- lished in December, 1901. Being located in a college town, its interests are largely centered in the better- ment of the local organizations, though it is keenly in- terested in our national philanthropies. It meets monthly in the evening. Virginia Bishop is secretary. AUSTIN ALUMNAE CLUB, Austin, Texas, was estab- lished in July, 1911, primarily for helping the active chapter of Pi Beta Phi. It was chartered in March, 142 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 1915, and has assumed all the obligations and duties of a Pi Phi Alumnae Club. It has twenty members. Mrs. William T. Caswell, 1502 West Avenue, is the secretary. BALTIMORE ALUMNAE CLUB, Baltimore, Maryland. As far back as 1899 we find alumnae members meeting in Baltimore as a Pi Phi social club. In 1906 a regularly established club was organized by Alice Wood, Lucy Murray, May Keller, Esther Cox, Helen Tottle, Helen Hull, Elizabeth Culver (Hazzard), Irene Fenton, Blanche Reisinger and Edith Lewis. The meetings, held monthly, alternating with Saturday afternoon luncheons and Friday evening meetings, are devoted to the inter- ests of the active chapter at Goucher, to the Pi Beta Phi Settlement School in Gatlinburg, Tennessee, home philanthropy and social pleasure. One member from this club, Blanche G. Reisinger, 235 East Lafay- ette Avenue, has managed a magazine subscription agency for the benefit of the Settlement School, from which over $100 profit was realized this past year. There are thirty-two resident Pi Phis in Baltimore, of whom sixteen are active workers in the alumnae club. Molly W. Wood, Chestnut Avenue and 31st Street, is secretary of the club. BOSTON ALUMNAE CLUB, Boston, Massachusetts, was organized on November 9, 1901, by the following Massa- chusetts Alpha alumnae : Ida Hodge-Benjamin, Ethel Bancroft-Bicknell, Nettie Dodge-Chapman, Elizabeth Coats, Avice Williams-Kent, Mae Lawrence, Martha Luther, Winifred Hill-Maxfield, Mary McFall, Anna Robinson-Nickerson and Jennie L. Ray. The club meets regularly on the second Saturday of each month and is Burlington Hospital and Pi Beta Phi Room. ALUMISLE CLUBS 143 usually attended by members from the active chapter. A committee of two serve as hostesses at each meeting. The work of the club during the past year has been aid- ing the active chapter by taking charge of the Frater- nity home, renting a modern apartment and furnishing it. Next year the work of the club will also include furnishing the guest chamber at the Pi Phi Settlement School in Tennessee. In this club a scholarship cup has been awarded each year to the highest ranking Pi Phi in the sophomore class at Boston University. Boston has ninety-five Pi Phi alumnae, of whom forty-one be- long to the alumna? club. Bertha A. Carr, 180 Long- wood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, is the correspond- ing secretary. BOULDER ALUMNAE CLUB, Boulder, Colorado, was organized November 22, 1909, by resident Colorado Alpha alumnae in the interest of the active chapter, the national alumnae and general philanthropy. This club has fifteen active workers. Mrs. Paul M. Dean, 1931 Hill Street, Boulder, Colorado, is secretary. BURLINGTON ALUMNAE CLUB, Burlington, Iowa, was established in May, 1906, through the efforts of Jessie Donnell-Thomas, Iowa Alpha, Bertha Poehler-Bland, Kansas Alpha, Edna Uhler-Gilman, Illinois Beta, and Alta Dutton, Iowa Alpha, and was chartered in 1907. This club founded and maintained the Pi Beta Phi Room in the Burlington Hospital, gives generously to philanthropy and the Settlement School, and has up- held enthusiastically the traditions of Pi Beta Phi, hav- ing among her members many of our oldest alumnae. It has twenty-two members. Katherine A. Lundgren, 115 144 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY North Gunnison Street, Burlington, Iowa, is the secre- tary. BURLINGTON ALUMNAE CLUB, Burlington, Vermont, was first established on March 8, 1906, reorganized Jan- uary 28, 1914, and chartered April 6, 1914, with the following charter members : Daisy Russel-Drew, Amy Metcalf, Maude Chaffee, Jennie Rowell, Mabel Balch, Helen Barton-Tuttle, Sylvia Warren, Ruth Gregory, Ruth Catlin, Bertha Coventry, Helen Durfee, Alta Grismer, Amy Wheeler and Blanche Bostwick. This club offers a prize to the active chapter for the highest mark in Fraternity examinations. It meets monthly and devotes its time to work for the local chapter of Pi Beta Phi, the Settlement School and Constitution requirements. It has fourteen working members. Ruth Durfee, 128 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, Vermont, is the secretary. CARTHAGE ALUMNAE CLUB, Carthage, Illinois, was or- ganized in 1905, but was composed of so few members it did not accomplish much in a useful way until its reorganization in 1911. It became a chartered club of Pi Beta Phi on December 4, 1914. It is deeply inter- ested in civic work in its home town, and through one of its members, Ella Ferris-Scofield, has succeeded in establishing the Municipal Boys' Work in Carthage, and another member, Mrs. Adda Williams, secured pledges for $1800 to assist in maintaining this work. These two Pi Phis, ably supported by other workers, have established the Y. M. C. A. in Carthage. Although a small club, it has held its regular meetings with profit and done its share liberally toward Pi Phi philanthro- ALUMNJE CLUBS 145 pies. It has an active membership of only nine. Mrs. R. E. Scofield, 502 Locust Street, Carthage, Illinois, is the secretary. CARLISLE ALUMNAE CLUB, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, is a small, unchartered club, devoting its work and time tx> the interest of the active chapter at Carlisle. Julia Morgan is the secretary. CENTRAL ILLINOIS ALUMNAE CLUB, at Champaign, Illinois, was established in December, 1912, and char- tered in March, 1913. It works for the interest of the Pi Phi chapter Illinois Zeta, at Champaign, and Settle- ment School in the Tennessee mountains. One of its members, Dell Gillette (Morgan), was the first Pi Phi teacher in the Pi Phi Settlement School. This club has fourteen working members. Mrs. George Fairclo is the secretary. CHICAGO ALUMNAE CLUB, Chicago, Illinois, was first organized on March 30, 1898, and reorganized on No- vember 25, 1904, by members of the Fraternity from Illinois Delta, Illinois Epsilon, Illinois Zeta, Iowa Al- pha, Iowa Beta, Iowa Theta, Michigan Alpha, Michigan Beta, Pennsylvania Alpha and Kansas Alpha Chapters. Has held six regular meetings during the year, having rooms for same in the Chicago College Club, Stevens' Building. Is the largest alumnae club in the country with its one hundred and six active members, and has had the management of the Pi Beta Phi Settlement School, Gatlinburg, Tennessee, since July, 1912. It re- ceived its charter in 1911. Mrs. 0. M. Schantz, 5215 West 24th Street, Cicero, Illinois, is the secretary. CINCINNATI ALUMNAE CLUB, Cincinnati, Ohio, was or- 146 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY ganized on April 2, 1910, by Susannah Miles-Kinsey, Gertrude Hancox-Carman, Stella Koons and Lucy Mur- dock. With only fourteen members, this club repre- sents nine different chapters. It meets four times a year and has worked and accomplished much for the support of the Pi Phi work in the Appalachian Mountains. It was chartered in 1911. Mrs. J. Ernest Carman, 2346 Ohio Avenue, Cincinnati, is the secretary. CLEVELAND ALUMNAE CLUB, Cleveland, Ohio, was or- ganized on November 2, 1907, by Marie Bellows-McNitt, California Alpha, May Copeland (Reynolds) Drybread, Michigan Alpha, and Eva Glass-Lovell, Iowa Zeta, and was chartered in May, 1913. It meets monthly at the home of one of its members for luncheon, which is in charge of three members, and is followed by business and work. This club gives strong support, both moral and financial, to the Settlement School, and is active in lit- erary and philanthropic work at home. It has twenty .active members. Mrs. Stanton Charlesworth, 9707 Hollingsworth Court, Cleveland, is secretary. COLUMBIA ALUMNAE CLUB, of Columbia, Missouri, was originally organized as the Missouri Alpha Alumnae Club, but in 1914 became the Columbia Alumnae Club. It has ten members and has assumed the responsibility of raising funds for building a Chapter House for the Missouri Alpha Pi Phis at the University of Missouri. Mrs. Jesse Snyder, 210 Hicks Avenue, is the secretary. COLUMBUS ALUMNAE CLUB, of Columbus, Ohio, was organized on August 17, 1901, and chartered in May, 1913. It meets the first Thursday in every month, at ^six o'clock, at the homes of its members, for supper, ALUMNJE CLUBS 147 which is in charge of the hostess and four assistants. Its prime interest is in the local chapter of Pi Beta Phi. Of the forty-seven alumnas residents of Columbus, thirty-two belong to this club. Earnestine Ball, 565 East Broad Street, Columbus, is the secretary. DALLAS ALUMNAE CLUB, of Dallas, Texas, is one of the youngest alumnae clubs, having been chartered Feb- ruary 8, 1915, with a small but earnest membership, working together in the name and spirit of Pi Beta Phi. Edith Daniel, 2205 Live Oak Avenue, Dallas, is the secretary. DECATUR ALUMNAE CLUB, Decatur, Illinois, was or- ganized in April, 1912, and chartered May 4, 1914. It meets monthly, working with the active Pi Phis of James Millikin University to raise funds for building a Chapter House and home. This club has shown a deep interest in the Settlement School and local char- itable work. It has twenty-four working members. Mrs. C. R. Dick, 440 West Macon Street, is the secre- tary. DENVER ALUMNAE CLUB, Denver, Colorado, was es- tablished in 1898. From the seventy-five resident alumnae this club draws thirty active members. Owing to the proximity of the University of Denver this club devotes its meetings and work to assisting and planning for the active Pi Phis at home. It is also much inter- ested in the work of Pi Phi in the South, and all Fra- ternity enterprises. Mary Morse, 1347 High Street, is the secretary. DES MOINES ALUMNAE CLUB, of Des Moines, Iowa, was organized and established in 1894 by Anna Ross- 148 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY Clark, Iowa Lambda (Callanan), May Broadhead- Wal- lace, Iowa Gamma, and Lizzie Case-Howe. It was char- tered December 1, 1912. It holds its meetings monthly at the home of one of its members and is mainly of a social character, though it has done much for the Settle- ment School and general benevolence. This club issues and sells a neat seal a diminutive Pi Beta Phi coat- of-arms for the benefit of the Settlement School. It has forty-eight members. Mrs. C. H. Clarke, 1510 9th Street, Des Moines, is the secretary. DETROIT ALUMNAE CLUB, Detroit, Michigan, was es- tablished October 10, 1901, by the following eleven Pi Phis: Harriet Beard, Mary Anderson, Margaret Cousin-Robertson, Frances Foster, Clara Foster-Ram- sey, Mary Thompson-Reid, Leonore Smith- Wilson, Mil- dred Smith-Carter, Helen Wattles and Joanna Hemp- sted, all of Michigan Beta, and Elizabeth Gamble, of Ohio Alpha, and chartered March 6, 1914. It holds regular meetings of a social nature and is especially in- terested in the welfare of Michigan Beta Active Chap- ter at Ann Arbor. The Detroit Alumnae Club has twenty-two members. Irene McFadden, 831 3d Avenue, Detroit, is the secretary. FAYETTEVILLE ALUMNAE CLUB, Fayetteville, Arkan- sas, is the youngest Pi Phi alumna3 club, having been established and chartered in April, 1915, with sixteen members. The organization was effected to better work for the Settlement School and Arkansas Alpha Chapter of Pi Beta Phi at the University of Arkansas. Mildred Gregg, 129 East Dixon Street, Fayetteville, Arkansas, is secretary. Beta Phi Room, Cottage Hospital, Galesburg, Illinois. ALUMNJS CLUBS 149 FRANKLIN ALUMNAE CLUB, Franklin, Indiana, was organized in 1893 by the resident alumna? and chartered in April, 1908. It devotes its meetings to the interests of the active chapter, the Settlement School and national affairs of Pi Beta Phi. Two members, Edith Wilson and Marie Ditmars, have taught at our Settlement School in Tennessee. The club meets monthly at lunch- eon, followed by business and work. It has twenty-eight members. Frances M. Dean, 198 East Madison Street, Franklin, is secretary. GALESBURG ALUMNAE CLUB, Galesburg, Illinois, was first established in 1885, reorganized in 1903, but ex- isted for a year only. In 1906 it was again established, and chartered February 8, 1915, holding meetings on the first Saturday of each month. It has a regular at- tendance of between sixty and seventy Pi Phis, consist- ing of alumnae and active members from the local chap- ters at Lombard and Knox Colleges. This club main- tains a room in the Galesburg Hospital and handsomely supports the Settlement School in Tennessee. Mrs. Henry Lass is secretary. HILLSDALE ALUMNAE CLUB, of Hillsdale, Michigan, is composed of the resident Pi Phis of Hillsdale, Michigan. It was first organized in the Fall of 1906 and was char- tered February 7, 1914. It has sixteen members and devotes its meetings to the constitutional requirements, helping the active chapter and helping materially in carrying on the settlement work in Tennessee. It fur- nished Leah Stock, a volunteer worker, to the school in 1914. Gladys J. Dibble is secretary. HOUSTON ALUMNAE CLUB, of Houston, Texas, was 150 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY chartered in 1912. This club is purely a social one, bringing Pi Phis, away from the college atmosphere, together to keep alive the interests and ideals of Pi Beta Phi. It welcomes visiting Pi Phis and takes a lively in- terest in local and national philanthropies. Mrs. Rod- man Cosby, 2308 Genesee Avenue, is secretary. INDIANAPOLIS ALUMNAE CLUB, Indianapolis, Indiana, was established in 1900 through the efforts of Emily Helming, Fay Shover, Lelia Kennedy-Galpin, Ethel Curry er, Ethel Roberts-Loop and Gertrude McCollum- Moorhead, and was chartered in 1915. Its meetings are preceded by a luncheon, and the afternoons are occupied with sewing or other planned work, and generally a travel talk by some member or guest. The club meets every month, has thirty-three members, and is a staunch friend of the Settlement School and several local chari- ties. Blessing Rassmann, 17 North Arsenal Avenue, Indianapolis, is secretary. INDIANOLA ALUMNAE CLUB, Indianola, Iowa, was holding meetings as long ago as 1901, though the earli- est record gives the date as September 13, 1907. It was chartered in January, 1913. The club holds monthly meetings, of a semi-social nature, and keeps in close touch with Pi Phi doings through an actively interested membership of eighteen alumnse, the majority of whom date their active days back many years. This club is keenly interested in the Settlement School, having fur- nished the prizes in 1914 to the members of the Tomato Club at Gatlinburg. Mrs. E. A. Jenner is secretary. IOWA CITY ALUMNAE CLUB, Iowa City, Iowa, was es- tablished in October, 1905, and chartered in 1909. The ALUMNAE CLUBS 151 club holds itself responsible for the rent of the active Chapter House and takes a warm interest in the Pi Phis at the Iowa State University, also in the Pi Beta Phi Settlement School and local charities. It has eleven members and meets once a month. Mrs. H. F. Wick- ham, 911 Iowa Avenue, is the secretary. KANSAS CITY ALUMNAE CLUB, Kansas City, Kansas, was established in May, 1900, through the influence and efforts of Nell Taylor, of Kansas Alpha, and was char- tered in February, 1913. Its meetings are monthly, pre- ceded by a luncheon, presided over by the hostess and three assistants. Thirty-five members are included in its active list, and its work is mainly social and devoted to local charities. Constance Fennel, 931 Cleveland Avenue, Kansas City, Missouri, is the secretary. LAWRENCE ALUMNAE CLUB, Lawrence, Kansas, was organized December 17, 1898, and chartered April 2, 1915. It meets quarterly and has fifty active alumnae members. The club, with the active Pi Phis in the Uni- versity, has formed the " Kansas Association of Pi Beta Phi " for the building, management and keeping up the Chapter House. This club supports the Lucinda Smith- Buchan Scholarship, which is open to any girl in the University. Adrienne Atkinson, 829 Mississippi Street, is the secretary. LEWISBURG ALUMNAE CLUB, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, was established and chartered on November 3, 1908, by the resident Pi Phis, through the influence of Irene Fenton-Clinger, Maryland Alpha, of the Baltimore Alumnae Club. It meets monthly, with twelve members, who act as " big sisters " to the active Pi Phis and also 152 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY do much in civic, literary and charity work. Mrs. Frank Clinger, Milton, Pennsylvania, is the secretary. LARAMIE ALUMNAE CLUB, Laramie, Wyoming, was or- ganized and chartered on April 17, 1913, primarity for organized assistance to the local chapter of Pi Beta Phi. Mrs. R. P. Gottschalk, Box 347 Laramie, Wyoming, is the secretary. LINCOLN ALUMNAE CLUB, of Lincoln, Nebraska, was organized in 1899 and chartered in September, 1914. This club has eighteen enthusiastic members, who look after the Nebraska Beta Chapter at the University of Nebraska, and are active in their support of the Pi Beta Phi Settlement School at Gatlinburg as well as in na- tional Fraternity affairs over the country. Recently this club bought and presented to the home chapter silver for their dining-room. Mary Spalding, 2221 Sheridan Boulevard, Lincoln, is the secretary. LOUISIANA ALPHA ALUMNAE CLUB, New Orleans, Louisiana, was established January 24, 1905. It has eighty-five members and devotes its meetings to the in- terests of Louisiana Alpha and her alumnae. Mrs. J. Blanc Monroe, 1424 Louisiana Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana, is the secretary. LOUISVILLE ALUMNAE CLUB, Louisville, Kentucky, was organized in the winter of 1912, and owing to its prox- imity to the Pi Beta Phi Settlement School has been deeply and actively interested in its development and success. It has twelve members. Mrs. Fred L. Koontz, 2814 Baxter Avenue, Louisville, Kentucky, is the sec- retary. Los ANGELES ALUMNAE CLUB, Los Angeles, Califor- S- r-7. ALUMNAE CLUBS 153 nia, was organized January 12, 1901, and chartered De- cember 13, 1906. This club is composed of Pi Phis from many chapters, and is a wide-awake, progressive club. It has about one hundred members. Mrs. Warren Smith, 122 North Oxford Street, Los Angeles, is the secretary. MADISON ALUMNAE CLUB, Madison, Wisconsin, was established on June 23, 1900, but disbanded later, and in 1907 was reorganized and chartered. This club meets monthly and has been of material strength and backing to the local chapter of Pi Beta Phi and the Settlement School in Tennessee. It has twenty-two members. Mrs. W. H. P. Peterson, 1726 Van Hise Avenue, is secretary. MINNEAPOLIS AND ST. PAUL ALUMNAE CLUB was estab- lished November 24, 1906, by members of Minnesota Alpha, and chartered in 1909. It meets every month and has helped to raise funds for the new University of Minnesota Pi Phi Chapter House, also for the new residence for teachers at the Pi Beta Phi Settlement School at Gatlinburg, Tennessee. One member of this club is upon the Chapter House Finance Committee, one upon the Scholarship Committee, one upon the House Rules Committee, and one alumna is present at every chapter meeting. It has a working membership of thirty-five members and is one of our strongest alumnae clubs. Aimee W. Fisher, 2019 Kenwood Park- way, Minneapolis, is the secretary. MT. PLEASANT ALUMNAE CLUB, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, was established in 1894 by alumnae of the Fraternity living in Mt. Pleasant, and chartered in 1915. It has thirty members, meets monthly, and renders valuable 154 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY service to the home chapter, to the Settlement School and to local charities. It has among its members many old I. C. alumnae and is a progressive, wide-awake club. Mrs. Calvin McCoid is the secretary. NEW YORK ALUMNAE CLUB, New York, New York, was organized November 8, 1902, and chartered in June, 1907. It meets on the first Saturday of each month at the home of one of its members. At the Founders' Day luncheon this year, at the Hotel McAlpin, thirty-one chapters of Pi Phis were represented. This club has fifty-seven working members and is keenly alive to all Pi Phi interests, supporting the Settlement School in the South liberally. The plans for the new teachers ' residence under way at Gatlinburg, Tennessee, is the gift of the Misses Wilson of this club. The secretary is Elmina Wilson, 452 West 149th Street, New York City. NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ALUMNAE CLUB, Berkeley, Cal- ifornia, was established first as the Berkeley Alumnse Club in September, 1907, by California Beta alumnaa. It was chartered December 13, 1913, and during the past year has been actively engaged in making provi- sions for entertaining the 23d National Biennial Con- vention of Pi Beta Phi. Mrs. David Babcock, 905 Con- tra Costa Avenue, Berkeley, is the secretary. NORTHERN NEW YORK ALUMNAE CLUB, Canton, New York, was organized with fourteen members under May L. Keller's direction on March 21, 1914, and chartered May 8, 1914. It meets monthly and is a strong help to the new local chapter of Pi Beta Phi. Dorothy Cleave- land, Canton, New York, is the secretary. OKLAHOMA ALUMNAE CLUB, Oklahoma City, Olda- ALUMNJE CLUBS 155 homa, was founded on April 28, 1911, by Mary Camp- bell, Elizabeth McMillan, Nellie Johnson, Erma Rash, Carolyn Wynn Ledbetter, Laura Gray-Hoyt and Emma P. Noble. Its meetings are mainly of a social nature, except for complying with the requirements of the Pi Phi Constitution. C. Wynn Ledbetter, 327 Park Place, Oklahoma City, is secretary. PHILADELPHIA ALUMNAE CLUB, Philadelphia, was es- tablished on May 25, 1901, by Eloise Schuyler, Mary C. Johnson-Griffith, Ethel Griest-Snyder and Deborah L. Ferrier, and was chartered in 1902. This club meets monthly, and its fifty-two members have been active in past years in helping with sewing and linen the Ken- sington Hospital for Women, also the active chapter at Swarthmore College, in the Big Sister Movement and the Settlement School in Tennessee. A loving-cup is offered annually for scholarship in the local college. Edith S. Bunting, Chester, Pennsylvania, is the secre- tary. PITTSBURGH ALUMNAE CLUB, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, was established in the Spring of 1907 through the ef- forts of Anna Spears and Mary Loose, and was char- tered in 1909. The members are scattered over an area covering forty miles. They meet monthly, and besides devoting certain meetings to Fraternity study and in- terests, sew for a hospital and work for funds for the Pi Phi Settlement School. In 1916 it will give the com- plete furnishings of one of the bedrooms of the Settle- ment School Teachers' residence. It has fourteen mem- bers. Mrs. H. E. McWhinney, 133 East 9th Avenue, Homestead, Pennsylvania, is the secretary. 156 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY PORTLAND ALUMNAE CLUB, Portland, Oregon, first met in May, 1913, for informal Pi Phi reunions, but in June an organization was effected, and a charter taken out in May, 1914. Being near no active chapter, its meetings are generally social and semi informal and de- voted to keeping alive the spirit and love of Pi Phi. It has ten members. Mrs. J. C. Monteith, 520 Davenport Street, Portland, Oregon, is the secretary. RHODE ISLAND ALUMNAE CLUB was established April 8, 1911, by Carrie Provan-Crowell, Helen D. Barrett, Margaret Mathison-Poole, Bertha M. Kelsey, Edith Car- penter and Laura Russell Gibbs, and was chartered in November, 1911. While the members of this small club are scattered over this smallest state of the Union, they meet three times each year and are wide awake in their interest in Pi Phi, each member being an active worker for the support of our Fraternity Settlement School. The club membership to-day is confined to five mem- bers. Mrs. I. C. Poole, 204 High Street, Fall River, Massachusetts, is the secretary. ROCHESTER ALUMNAE CLUB, Rochester, New York, was organized on January 24, 1914, and chartered March 1, 1914. It meets monthly and is more social in its nature than working, though it takes a deep interest in everything connected with Pi Phi and bears its pro- portional burden of the Pi Phi Settlement School. It has eighteen mpmbers, and Florence E. Ford, 189 Plymouth Avenue, Rochester, New York, is the secre- tary. Sioux CITY ALUMNAE CLUB, Sioux City, Iowa, was organized April 28, 1914, with the following charter ALUMN.E CLUBS 157 members: Louise Cody, Helen Struble, Grace Hamil- ton, Mae Belle Alstrand-Anderson, Minnie Ely-Farr, Harriet Wright-Currey, Mary Byrkit-Crouch, Alma Brown, Cora Colbert-Derthiek, Mary Weiley-Frost, Marie Keefer, Florence Benson-Bristol, Clarice Lytle, Jessie A. Matson and Velma Farwell-Smith. It has fif- teen members, and meets every month at the homes of its members. It was chartered in 1915. Clarice Lytle is the secretary. Sioux FALLS ALUMNAE CLUB, Sioux Falls, South Da- kota, was organized on January 31, 1914, primarily through the aid of Mrs. Ella Cummings-Grefe, of Iowa, for pleasure and to plan and work for supporting the Pi Phi Settlement School. Grace McKinnon, 516 West 12th Street, is the secretary. SEATTLE ALUMNAE CLUB, Seattle, Washington, was organized on September 15, 1906, under the name of the Puget Sound Alumnae Club, through the efforts of Roberta Frye-Watt, Maryland Alpha, who brought the alumnae together at the time the Kappa Tau Tau mem- bers were working for a Pi Phi charter. It was char- tered in 1907 and to-day is one of our most active and strongest clubs, having fifty members. Marion L. Frye, 618 Terry Avenue, Seattle, Washington, is the secre- tary. ST. JOSEPH ALUMNAE CLUB, St. Joseph, Missouri, was established in October, 1909, by Marianna Schultz-Jones, Letitia Vance-Wood, Marjorie Adriance and Mildred White, and chartered the following year. It meets every month in the year and is active in home charity work, also Y. M. C. A. work and supporting the Pi Phi 158 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY Settlement School. It has ten members. Letitia Wood, Krag Park Place, St. Joseph, Missouri, is secretary. ST. Louis ALUMNAE CLUB, St. Louis, Missouri, was established on February 20, 1910, by Amanda Becker- Montague, Olive Williams-Crosby, Julia Griswold, Emma Bettis, Sarah Thomas, Amy Starbuck, Marguer- ite Frazer and Virginia Harsh. This club is wide- awake and active, devoting its meetings to the interests of Pi Phi and charity support. Recently it furnished one room in the new St. Louis Y. W. C. A. Building, and sent its liberal contribution to the building fund of the Pi Phi Settlement School residence. It has twenty- five members and meets monthly. Edith W. Taylor, 5241 Maple Avenue, St. Louis, is secretary. SPRINGFIELD ALUMNAE CLUB, Springfield, Missouri, was organized on January 10, 1914, by Edith Baker, Delta Province vice-president, and Ruth Hubbell, pri- marily for the study of the Fraternity history and laws, and to organize systematic work for the Settlement School. It was chartered on February 7, 1914, and has twenty working members. Mrs. John M. Sills, 434 Kim- borough Street, Springfield, Missouri, is the secretary. SPOKANE ALUMNAE CLUB, Spokane, Washington, was chartered in September, 1914, to better keep in touch with the active life of Pi Beta Phi and assist with the upkeeping of the Pi Phi Settlement School in the South. Bertha Bigelow, 103 Bridgeport Avenue, Spokane, is the secretary. SYRACUSE ALUMNAE CLUB, Syracuse, New York, was in existence in October, 1898, though reorganized in November, 1904, by the following New York Alpha ALUMNAE CLUBS 159 alumnae: Olive Reeve- Waite, Mabel Smith Taylor, Leora Sherwood-Gray, Georgia Fulmer-Thayer, Julia Talbott, Grace Huff, May Bliss, Alice Warner and Louise Warfield, and chartered in 1906. This culb has taken out incorporation papers for the purpose of building and owning the New York Alpha Chapter House, which was completed in November, 1911. It meets monthly and has eighteen members. Mrs. L. A. Howell, 622 Park Avenue, Syracuse, New York, is sec- retary. TOLEDO ALUMNAE CLUB, Toledo, Ohio, was first estab- lished September 14, 1909, but not chartered until May 13, 1914. It meets monthly with ten members and has proven itself an energetic and valuable club in its sup- port of the Settlement School. Harriett A. Briggs, 2359 Warren Street, is the secretary. TOPEKA ALUMNAE CLUB, of Topeka, Kansas, was first established September 20, 1900, but owing to its mem- bers removing from the city it was disbanded, and then again established in July, 1914. It meets regularly, though a small club. Mrs. Howard Campbell, 927 West- ern Avenue, Topeka, is secretary. TORONTO ALUMNAE CLUB, Toronto, Canada, was or- ganized in 1909, by members of Ontario Alpha alumnae particularly interested in developing the chapter life and strength of the Pi Phi chapter at the University of Toronto. It was chartered in October, 1912, and meets monthly. It offers a silver loving-cup for scholar- ship, to be competed for by the freshmen and sopho- mores; keeps in touch with out-of-town alumnae by means of a Round Robin, one in the Fall and one in 160 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY the Spring; is active in philanthropy, and since the European war has spent much of its time working for the Canadian soldiers engaged in active service. M. Gordon Lovell, 119 Madison Avenue, Toronto, Canada, is the secretary. TRI-CITY ALUMNAE CLUB, Davenport, Iowa, was or- ganized April 27, 1914, by the following alumnae :- Nancy Carroll, Leila Kemmerer, Sara D. Kemmerer, Margaret Hansen, Lillian Noth, Evelyn Robberts, Kath- ryn Robberts, all of Iowa Zeta, Edna Dart, Kansas Al- pha, and Helene Brammer-Drummond, of Missouri Beta. This club includes residents of Devenport, Rock Island and Moline. The secretary is Leila Kemmerer, 803 West 14th Street, Davenport, Iowa. TULSA ALUMNAE CLUB, Tulsa, Oklahoma, is one of the smallest alumnae clubs on the roll, having but five members, but they meet regularly and keep alive the spirit and friendships in Pi Beta Phi, and do their best to help the work of the Fraternity. Mrs. T. I. Monroe, Seventh and Detroit Avenues, Tulsa, Oklahoma, is the secretary. WASHINGTON ALUMNAE CLUB, Washington, D. C., was established October 2, 1893, and chartered December 6, 1913. It meets every month, afternoon meetings alter- nating with evening meetings, and some special feature or work is planned for each meeting. This club, being the originator of the Settlement School idea, has as- sumed an active responsibility for its support and pol- icy. Two tea dances have been given for the benefit of the School during the year, and each member has felt a personal interest in making the Settlement School pro- ALUMNJB CLUBS 161 ductive of as great good as possible. Being in the home city of Columbia Alpha, it has also had a general over- sight and personal interest in the active Pi Phis of Wasington and has helped substantially in furnishing the chapter rooms. It has thirty members, and Rhoda Watkins, 1429 Clifton Street, is the secretary. WACO ALUMNAE CLUB, Waco, Texas, was organized in the Spring of 1913, by Texas Alpha alumnae living in Waco. It meets quarterly, complying with the require- ments of the Constitution, and divides its time and sup- port between the active chapter of Pi Beta Phi and the Settlement School at Gatlinburg. Monette Colgin, 1902 Austin Street, Waco, is the secretary. WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS ALUMNAE CLUB was estab- lished February 19, 1910, by Grace Goodhue-Coolidge, Vermont Beta, Anna J. Berry, Colorado Beta, Sarah Pomeroy-Rugg, Massachusetts Alpha, Laura S. Clark, Vermont Alpha, Grace Hayes, Vermont Beta, Beulah Hayes, Vermont Beta, Annie Jones, Massachusetts Al- pha, Helen Ames, Kansas Alpha, Florence Bastert, Illi- nois Beta, Fannie Denio, New York Alpha, Louise Rich- ardson, Massachusetts Alpha, Myrtle Mosier, Vermont Alpha, Ruth Christesen, Washington Alpha, and Ethel K. Cedarstrom, of Massachusetts Alpha, and chartered in 1912. This club holds four meetings each year and its prime object is to keep alive the Fraternity spirit and in touch with current Pi Phi work and interests among the Smith College students at Northampton and the scattered Pi Phis of western Massachusetts. Amy L. Wallon is secretary. WOOSTER ALUMNAE CLUB, Wooster, Ohio, was origi- 162 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY nally the Ohio Gamma Club, and organized when the Wooster Chapter of Pi Beta Phi became inactive on February 14, 1913. Its members are composed entirely of Ohio Gamma alumnae, who come from far and near three times each year to keep alive the friendships and teachings of Pi Beta Phi. It was chartered in 1913 with thirty-seven members, twelve only of whom are residents of Wooster. The reestablishing of fraternities at Wooster University has been their hope, and the Set- tlement School in Gatlinburg, Tennessee, their object of labor. Ellen F. Boyer, 624 West Market Street, Orr- ville, Ohio, is the secretary. YORK ALUMNAE CLUB, of York, Nebraska, was organ- ized in December, 1913, during the visit of Anne Stuart, Grand Treasurer, with fifteen members. Hazel Thomp- son is secretary, " To be what we are, and to become what we are capa- ble of becoming, is the only end of life." STEVENSON. Initiates of Virginia Alplia. CHAPTER X INCORPORATION THE Convention of 1888 appointed an Incorporating Committee composed of G. I. R. Ramie Adamson-Small, of Illinois Beta, G. R. S. Emma Harper Turner, Indiana Alpha, and Sude Weaver (Evans), Iowa Epsilon (Cal- lanan), to which was added Emma Humphrey-Haddock, LL. B., of Iowa Zeta, and Emily Brooks (Harrison), of Minnesota Alpha. Under the able legal supervision of Mrs. Haddock, the necessary data was gotten together for incorporating Pi Beta Phi Fraternity. Then, with the consent of the Grand Council, the power to incor- porate was given over to a committee of Pi Beta Phi residents of Galesburg, Illinois, composed of Elizabeth L. Smith, Illinois Delta, Elizabeth Eaton-Brown, Illinois Alpha, Grace Lass (Sisson), Illinois Delta, Alice C. Stewart (Wolf), Illinois Delta, Lizzie Wigle (Ander- son), Illinois Beta, Anna Ross (Lapham), Illinois Beta, and Grace Harsh, Illinois Beta. On October 8, 1889, the petition for a charter of incorporation was for- warded to J. N. Pearson, Secretary of State of Illinois, to be granted under the Act of the General Assembly, entitled " An Act Concerning Corporations, " approved April 18, 1872. On October 14, 1889, the Charter was received from the Secretary of State, was duly recorded in the Knox County records, and Pi Beta Phi became 165 166 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY an incorporated body, with Mrs. Small, Emma Harper Turner, Elva Plank and Lizzie Flagler directors for the first year. This made her legally capable of suing and being sued, owning property and entering into large business negotiations, and gave her a much desired legal standing. That love for one, from which there doth not spring Wide love for all, is but a worthless thing." CHAPTER XI GRAND OFFICERS OFFICERS of ALPHA Chapter from 1867 to 1884 were the Grand Officers of the entire organization : 1867. President, Emma Brownlee (Mrs. J. C. Kil- gore) ; Secretary, Nannie Black (Mrs. Robert Wallace) ; Treasurer, Maggie Campbell (Mrs. J. R. Hughes). 1868. President, Ada Bruen (Mrs. James A. Grier) ; Secretary, Jennie Home (Mrs. Thomas B. Turnbull). 1870. President, Libbie Brook (Mrs. John H. Gad- dis). 1872. President, Louise Carrithers (Mrs. J. H. Mor- rison) ; Secretary, Emma Madden; Recording Secre- tary, Mary Sterrett. 1878. President, Emma Patton (Mrs. C. M. Noble), Iowa Beta. 1880. President, Lillie Cooper (Mrs. W. H. Weber) ; Secretaries, lola Hoover (Mrs. Melville Loftin), Laura Light (Mrs. Charles Vance). 1882. President, Cora Panabaker; Secretary, Celia Hefter. 1884. President, Nell Custer (Mrs. S. A. Swisher) ; Secretary, Elva Plank, of Bloomfield, Iowa. Elected at convention, and to serve during the interim of conventions, and at the following convention : 169 170 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY 1884. Grand I. R., Nell Ouster (Swisher), Iowa Zeta; Grand Scribe, Emma Livingston (Wing), Illi- nois Beta; Grand Quaestor, Jean Oliver (Humphrey), Kansas Alpha. 1885. G. I. R,, Rainie Adamson (Small), Illinois Beta; G. R. S., Elva Plank, Iowa Epsilon (Bloomfield) ; Grand Scribe, Belle ReQua-Leech, Iowa Alpha (Semi- nary) ; Grand Quaestor, Julia Ferris (Hubbs), Illinois Gamma (Carthage). 1886. G. I. R., Rainie Adamson-Small, Illinois Beta; G. R. S., Elva Plank (Bloomfield) ; Grand Scribe, Belle ReQua-Leech, Mt. Pleasant Seminary; Grand Quaestor, Lizzie Flagler, Iowa Theta (Ottumwa). 1888. G. I. R., Rainie Adamson-Small, Illinois Beta ; G. R. S., Emma Harper Turner, Indiana Alpha ; Grand Scribe, Lizzie Flagler, Iowa Theta; Grand Quaestor, Elva Plank (Bloomfield). 1890. Grand President, Emma Harper Turner, Co- lumbia Alpha; Grand Vice-President, Minnie H. Newby (Ricketts), Michigan Beta; Grand Secretary, Sude Weaver (Evans), Iowa Epsilon (Callanan) ; Grand Treasurer, Georgiana Rowland, Colorado Alpha; Grand Historian, Rainie Adamson-Small, Illinois Beta; Grand Guide, Helen Sutliff, Kansas Alpha. 1892. Grand President, Emma Harper Turner, Co- lumbia Alpha; Grand Vice-President, Mira Troth, Iowa Zeta; Grand Secretary, Minnie H. Newby (Ricketts), Michigan Beta; Grand Treasurer, Helen Sutliff, Kansas Alpha ; Grand Historian, May Copeland (Reynolds) (Drybread), Michigan Alpha; Granl Guide, Elizabeth Flagler, Iowa Theta. GRAND OFFICERS 171 1893. Grand President, Helen B. Sutliff, Kansas Alpha; Grand Vice-President, Corinne Super-Stine, Ohio Alpha; Grand Secretary, Grace Lass (Sisson), Il- linois Delta; Grand Treasurer, Lucinda Smith (Bu- chan), Kansas Alpha; Grand Historian, Olive Mc- Henry, Iowa Alpha ; Grand Guide, Edna A. Clark, Co- lumbia Alpha. 1895. Grand President, Grace Lass (Sisson), Illinois Delta; Grand Vice-President, Elizabeth Gamble, Colo- rado Alpha; Grand Secretary, Florence P. Chase (Cass), Michigan Alpha; Grand Treasurer, Lucinda Smith (Buchan), Kansas Alpha; Grand Guide, Edith Ingersoll, Colorado Beta ; Historian, Susan Lewis, Mich- igan Beta. 1897. Grand President, Grace Lass-Sisson, Illinois Delta; Grand Vice-President, Grace Grosvenor (Shep- ard), Ohio Alpha; Grand Secretary, Ethel B. Allen (Hamilton), Kansas Alpha; Grand Treasurer, Lucinda Smith (Buchan), Kansas Alpha; Grand Guide, Char- lotte Allen-Farnsworth, Colorado Alpha; Historian, Susan Lewis, Michigan Beta. 1899. Grand President, Elsie Bradford (Johnson), Columbia Alpha; Grand Vice-President, Elizabeth Gamble, Colorado Alpha; Grand Secretary, Mary Bar- tol (Theiss), Pennsylvania Beta; Grand Treasurer, Ida G. Smith (Griffith), Kansas Alpha; Arrow Editor, Florence Porter Robinson, Wisconsin Alpha ; Historian, Susan Lewis, Michigan Beta. 1901. Grand President, Elizabeth Gamble, Colorado Alpha; Grand Vice-President, Fanny K. Read (Cook), Michigan Beta; Grand Secretary, Mary Bartol, Penn- 172 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY sylvania Beta; Grand Treasurer, Martha N. Kimball, Colorado Beta; Arrow Editor, Florence Porter Robin- son, Wisconsin Alpha; Historian, Susan Lewis, Mich- igan Beta. 1904. Grand President, Elizabeth Gamble, Colorado Alpha; Grand Yice-President, May Copeland-Reynolds (Drybread), Michigan Alpha; Grand Secretary, Mary Bartol-Theiss, Pennsylvania Beta; Grand Treasurer, Martha N. Kimball, Colorado Beta; Arrow Editor, Florence Porter Robinson, Winconsin Alpha ; Historian, Susan Lewis, Michigan Beta. 1906. Grand President, Elizabeth Gamble, Colorado Alpha; Grand Vice-President, May Copeland-Reynolds (Drybread), Michigan Alpha; Grand Secretary, Elda L. Smith, Illinois Epsilon; Grand Treasurer, Martha N. Kimball, Colorado Beta; Arrow Editor, Florence Porter Robinson, Wisconsin Alpha; Historian, Jean- nette Zeppenfeld, Indiana Alpha. 1908. Grand President, May Lansfield Keller, Mary- land Alpha; Grand Vice-President, Cora Emilie Mar- low (Kerns), Minnesota Alpha; Grand Secretary, Elda L. Smith, Illinois Epsilon; Grand Treasurer, Celeste Bush Janvier, Louisiana Alpha; Arrow Editor, Mary Bartol-Theiss, Pennsylvania Beta; Alumnae Editor, Sarah G. Pomeroy (Rugg), Massachusetts Alpha; His- torian, Jeannette Zeppenfeld, Indiana Alpha. 1910. Grand President, May L. Keller, Maryland Alpha; Grand Vice-President, Anna Jackson-Branson, Pennsylvania Alpha; Grand Secretary, Julia E. Rog- ers, Iowa Zeta; Grand Treasurer, Celeste B. Janvier, Louisiana Alpha; Arrow Editor, Mary Bartol-Theiss, GRAND OFFICERS 173 Pennsylvania Beta; Alumnae Editor, Sophie P. Wood- man, New York Beta; Historian, Kate King-Bostwick, Michigan Alpha. 1912. Grand President, May L. Keller, Maryland Alpha; Grand Vice-President, Lida Burkhard-Lardner, Colorado Beta; Grand Secretary, Amy B. Onken, Illi- nois Epsilon; Grand Treasurer, Anne Stuart, Nebraska Beta; Arrow Editor, Sarah G. Pomeroy (Rugg), Mass- achusetts Alpha; Alumnae Editor, Sophie P. Woodman, New York Beta; Historian, Elizabeth Clarke-Helmick, Michigan Alpha. " The pleasant est things in the world are pleasant thoughts, and the great art in life is to have as many of them as possible." BOVEE. Missouri Alpha. CHAPTER XII THE FRATERNITY MAGAZINE IN August, 1882, Mrs. Belle ReQua-Leech, of Mt. Pleasant, began agitating the subject of a Fraternity magazine; at the Burlington Convention of I. C., in the following October, this subject was first brought of- ficially before the Convention, and it was then voted " to publish when funds would permit, a magazine de- voted to literary purposes, and the interests of the soci- ety, " and to obtain " all the information possible con- cerning the condition of the different chapters in each state." A motion to make it a monthly magazine was withdrawn from the Convention after a lively discus- sion. While this legislation was enacted and is embod- ied in the official records of the Convention, nothing was done about the matter until the next Convention, at Iowa City. On November 20, 1884, the Chair appointed Jean Oliver (Humprey), Kansas Alpha, Jennie B. Con- ger, Illinois Beta, and Emma White ( Shellenberger) , Iowa Zeta, a committee on Fraternity magazine. Upon receiving their report the following day, it was voted to make the magazine a quarterly, and again a similar motion to the above was put before Convention, with the addition " that a committee be appointed to arrange for the publication of the magazine." This motion was en- thusiastically carried, and the Chair appointed Mary 177 178 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY E. Miller '(Barnes), of Lawrence, Kansas, and Mrs. Estella Walter-Ball, of Iowa City, with the additions of the G. I. R. Nell Ouster (Swisher), of Iowa City, and Scribe Emma Livingston (Wing), of Lombard College, as the first Magazine Committee, and under date of May, 1885, appears " Volume I, Number 1, of the Arrow, the official organ of Pi Beta Phi." It came off the press of Foley's Water Power Printing Establishment, Law- rence, Kansas, under the able management of Kansas Alpha, with Mary E. Miller (Barnes) editor-in-chief, Mary G. Gilmore (Allen) and Nettie Hubbard (Bolles), of Lawrence, associate editors, and Sue Miles (Kinsey), of Kansas Alpha, as business manager. Its cover is blue; and enclosed in a rectangle 4 x 7, at the top, is k< ' THE ARROW ' ' in large letters ; in the center is a mys- tic design, upon a pedestal a burning lamp, shedding its brilliant rays of light, in which can be seen the sign I. C. ; hanging from the lamp is our Arrow; at the back of the pedestal is a strong chest, bearing the in- scription IIB<, and back of the chest an ancient shield .and crossed spears. It is interesting to note that fifteen associate editors, one from each active chapter, aided in getting out the twenty pages of this first number. Our Founding Song, by Ethel Beecher Allen (Hamil- ton), of Kansas Alpha, occupies the first page of the literary matter, and a little over one page is given to the report of the Iowa City Convention of 1884. A page on " Public Opinion/' from the pen of Idelleta Dunn (Kruger), " The Genesis of Kappa " (Kansas Alpha), by Sara Richardson, of Lawrence, giving a val- uable and interesting account of the methods used in THE FRATERNITY MAGAZINE 179 establishing our early chapters, two pages of editorials, two pages of personals, thirteen chapter letters, and a poem by Alma Devore (Miles), of Illinois Beta, com- pletes the number, and it is one that we are proud of to-day thirty years after. On the second page, under the title, The Arrow, is this message : Its mission is to cheer and bless Where'er its lot be cast, And come what may of weal or woe, Be faithful to the last." The price of subscription was one dollar in advance. There are no advertisements nor illustrations. No. 2 of Volume I is not extant as far as known, also No. 1, of Volume II, but the second number of Volume II, and all the succeeding numbers up to the present time, are among the Historian's files. This second vol- ume has a light blue cover, with wine-colored bands and fancy conventional designs, and on the outside cover, the words, " The Arrow, February, 1886," in gold. On the second page of the cover is shown the table of con- tents. Josephine March (Marvin) is literary and ex- change editor, Mary G. Gilmore (Allen), chapter letters and personals editor, and Clara Poehler (Means) is bus- iness manager, while the editorial board consists of Josephine March (Marvin), editor-in-chief, Ethel B. Allen (Hamilton), literary editor, Mary Gilmore (Allen), corresponding editor, with eighteen associate editors, or one from each active chapter. There are thirty-five pages of reading matter and one advertise- ment. It is noticed on the frontispiece page that the 180 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY legend reads, " The Arrow, official organ of I. C. Soro- sis, Pi Beta Phi/' The first two pages are given to a 11 Convention Ode/ 7 written by Ethel B. Allen (Ham- ilton), of Kansas Alpha. The words of the chorus are: " Hail to thee, our old I. C., We hail thee with the charm Pi Beta Phi, No other earthly passion e'er can vie With the love we sisters have for old I. C. Come wine and garnet and the blue, The hues that sweetly tell Of pure love warm and passion deep, That binds us in their spell; 'Twas Cupid mingled them for ua When, wounded by our dart, He stole his mother's cestus blue To bind his bleeding heart." Four pages are given to the Lawrence Convention notes, two pages to the report of the Grand Illustra Regina, eight pages to the reports of delegates from fourteen chapters, three pages to (i Convention Hilarities," in which the " cookie shine " played a prominent part, four pages to editorials, six pages to personals, with three pages given to " Parthian Shafts," corresponding to our present Exchanges, and one page of advertise- ments on the inside of the back cover. In 1886, by a vote of the Convention, " the Arrow representative was given the same privileges and rights as the other delegates," also it was voted that the " ex- pense of supporting our magazine be distributed among the chapters in proportion to the number of active mem- bers in each; " also it was voted that " each chapter THE FRATERNITY MAGAZINE 181 shall elect a regular correspondent to the Arrow. " The business manager reported $180 turned in, against $149 paid out. Here, early in her life, Kansas Alpha demon- strated her ability and power to overcome great obsta- cles, and grasped that first opportunity given her to establish a high ranking position in the Fraternity's welfare. Her succeeding editor pays her the following tribute : * * Too much cannot be said in praise of our Lawrence sisters for the ability and success with which they have conducted the Arrow in the past two years. Amid hindrances and delays most aggravating, lack of financial support, and especially the countless difficulties of the beginning of such work, they have succeeded in producing a really valuable magazine which ranks well with other publications of like nature." With Volume HI, No. 1, December, 1886, the Arrow passed from the hands of Kansas Alpha to the Iowa City chapters. It was now printed on the press of the Re- publican Print, of Iowa City. The covers were a plain light blue, with " The Arrow " and the date across the front. The editorial staff consists of Mrs. Emma Hum- phrey-Haddock, LL. B., editor-in-chief, Lillie M. Selby (Moor) and Gertrude Dawley, associate editors, and Hattie E. Cochran (Robinson) (Dayton), business man- ager, all of Iowa City. With Volume IV, No. 1, December, 1887, the editorial staff changes to Belle T. Hudson (Cartwright), editor- in-chief, and Addie I. Dickey (Tuthill) and Eva Elliott (Mahler), associate editors. On February 8, 1888, Hat- tie Cochran, the able business manager, changed her name to Mrs. E. Edwin Robinson. Under these bright 182 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY and progressive minds the Arrow grew better with each number. Therefore at the Ottumwa Convention, in 1888, it was voted to continue the publication with the Iowa City chapters. There is, however, a very noticeable change in the appearance of the Arrow. With Volume V, No. 1, the pages are slightly larger, and the type has been changed to a larger style. Eg- bert, Fidlar & Chambers, of Davenport, Iowa, are the publishers. The title-page, on light chocolate colored paper, shows for the first time our familiar Pi Beta Phi scroll, pierced by the Arrow with its winged IIB<, and above the monogram <|? shedding its rays and light upon the manuscript resting on an olive branch. In full-face type below is printed the name THE ARROW, and date. The editorial staff consists of Ella M. Ham (Robinson), editor-in-chief, Mira Troth and Eva M. Elliott (Mah- ler), associate editors, Carrie Dorr (Elliott), exchange editor, and Mrs. Robinson still business manager, with seventeen chapter correspondents. The spirit and at- mosphere of the Fraternity world of this period radi- ates from every page of the bright volume. If a chap- ter ever becomes discouraged, let it pull down this vol- ume and read, and wake up to the realization that only hard work and honest, faithful loyalty to the ideals of the Fraternity will bring an overflowing abundance of satisfactory results. No. 1, Volume VI, September, 1889, published by the same chapters, and in size and type the same, comes out with a sligthly changed editorial staff. Mira Troth be- comes editor-in-chief, Ella M. Ham (Robinson), business manager, and the new members of the staff are Bessie THE FRATERNITY MAGAZINE 183 E. Peery and Cora Ross (Clarke), associate editors, and Edna McElravy (Smalley-Kelly), exchange editor. In the issue of March, 1890, No. 3 of Volume VI, Mrs. Rob- inson takes the place of Cora Ross (Clarke) as one of the associate editors. The June number contains the Historical Sketch of Pi Beta Phi, prepared by Helen Sutliff, Kansas Alpha, for the Eleventh Grand Alpha. In March, 1891, Volume VII, No. 3, the editorial staff is cut down to the editor-in-chief, Mira Troth, and Ella M. Ham (Robinson). These Arrows, under the management of the Iowa City chapters, show brilliancy of mind and good business ability. The Arrow at this time has just double the pages of the first issue, and a liberal amount of advertisements. Volume VIII reverts to the old size and small type, with the same editors in charge. Advertisements ap- pear both before and after the body matter of the mag- azine. There is no No. 4 to Volume VIII. In 1892, the Convention at Lawrence voted to trans- fer the publication of the Arrow from Iowa City to Ann Arbor, Michigan Beta, at the University of Michigan, and thus terminated the very successful and satisfactory business career of our Arrow with the enterprising Iowa chapters. This covered the most critical period of the Fraternity's life, and the Arrow at these crucial mo- ments proved a support and strength to the organiza- tion. The chapter letters of those days are well worth reading over again to-day. The new editorial board at Ann Arbor was made up of Mary B. Thompson (Reid) as editor-in-chief, Flor- ence E. Wolfenden as business manager, and the print- 184 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY ing was done by the Register Publishing Company, of Ann Arbor. No. 1 of Volume IX has the first illustra- tion ever printed in the Arrow. It is a full-page pic- ture of H. Sophie Newcomb Memorial College for women at New Orleans, rear view, showing the labor- atory. This number also inaugurated the " What a Fraternity Girl Thinks " department of the Arrow. Volume X, No. 1, Mrs. Lucy Parker-Huber takes the business management, and Mary Clark Bancker, of Ox- ford, Ohio, becomes alumnae editor. Again, the follow- ing year, in October, 1894, there is a change, and Mary Thompson (Reid) takes up the duties of editor-in-chief and Miriam Dunbar assumes the business management. A very valuable feature introduced and developed by the Michigan Beta management was the illustrations. In No. 4 of this volume, we find the first group of active Pi Phis the Pennsylvania Beta girls. The Michigan Beta influence was felt strongly during her term of of- fice. She had excellent material, both active and alumnae, and the fine spirit and progressive methods and untiring efforts kept the Arrow well to the front in the fraternity magazine world. In 1895, the publication was transferred to Pennsyl- vania Alpha, at Swarthmore College. The Inland Press, of Ann Arbor, ran off Volume XII, No. 1, with Lauretta T. Smedley (Button) as editor-in-chief and Sarah Bancroft (Clark) as business manager. Before the time for issuing the second number, however, cir- cumstances made it seem best to transfer the Arrow's home to Wisconsin Alpha, at the University of Wiscon- sin, at Madison. Jessie C. Craig (Campbell) took up THE FRATERNITY MAGAZINE 185 the pen of the editor-in-chief and Alice B. Dacy (Ber- genthal) the responsibilities of business manager, with Tracy Gibbs & Co., of Madison, doing the printing. The covers and style of the magazine remained practi- cally unchanged. With the first number of Volume XIII, November, 1896, there is quite a noticeable change in the appear- ance of the magazine. An elaborate scroll design in black and white adorns the outside title-page, the type and pages are slightly larger, and illustrations are numerous. Florence Porter Robinson, as exchange edi- tor, makes her maiden bow, and the pages of reading matter are increased. Emma S. Hutchinson (Conrow), Pennsylvania Alpha, was alumna? editor during 1897- 1899. At the Convention of 1897, at Madison, Wisconsin, the Fraternity voted to gurantee the Arrow Editor $100 a year as compensation, and also " that an advisory board of three members be appointed by the Arrow Editor to consult with her regarding Arrow work." This latter legislation was quickly carried into effect. With the October, 1897, Volume XIV, No. 1, issue, the business management passes to the able hands of Gertrude Clark-Sober (Church), Michigan Beta, and Miss Robinson becomes editor-in-chief, with Emma S. Hutchinson (Conrow), Pennsylvania Alpha, as alumnae editor, Alice Pierce (Sylvester), Michigan Beta, for College News, and Fanny K. Read (Cook), Michigan Beta, for Alumna? Personals. The second number of this volume contains interesting sketches of the lives of seven of the early Arrow Editors, with their pictures. 186 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY The fourth number of this volume shows the picture of five of our Founders, and the first attempt to recount early Pi Phi history by them is made. Many valuable articles are to be found in this volume. The printing, done by the Democrat Printing Co., of Madison, and the illustrations, the work of Boardman Engraving Co., of Milwaukee, reflect great credit upon the efforts of the officers in charge. Few changes are found in Volume XV. The tone and strength are well kept up, and the Greek letters are introduced in the print. Volume XVI, November, 1899, comes out with a new cover, the work of Miriam Prindle (Waller), of Illinois Epsilon. It represents a deep bed of carnations under the title " The ARROW of Pi Beta Phi " in very heavy full-face type, and below, immediately under the car- nations, are the words, " The official publication of Pi Beta Phi Fraternity," with I. C. in the left-hand cor- ner, in monogram, and nB< in the right-hand corner, each within a wreath, the Arrow, with nB< upon its wings, in the center. The editorial board continues with Miss Robinson as editor-in-chief, Mrs. Sober as business manager, and Iva A. Welsh acting editor dur- ing Miss Robinson's absence abroad, also assuming the duties of alumnae editor. This is an inspiring volume. The circulation of the Arrow at this time was 750. At the Boulder Convention, in 1899, the editor was made a member of the Grand Council, with all the rights and privileges of a Grand Officer in convention. A new cover greets you in No. 1, Volume XVIII, showing a scroll or vine design up and down the left THE FRATERNITY MAGAZINE 187 side of the page, to which, in after numbers, is added the insignia of the Fraternity. Wisconsin continues to publish the magazine under the able management of Miss Robinson. The July, 1902, number contains the group pictures of twenty active chapters. Volume XX, No. 1, blossoms out with still another cover, the plainest of all our covers, a solid cadet blue, or gray paper, with the words " The Arrow of Pi Beta Phi " in gold across the face. It made a neat cover, and held good until April, 1906. Under the Wisconsin Chapter's management the illus- trations became a feature of the magazine which has been carried on ever since. In July, 1904, Volume XX, No. 4, we find the group pictures of twenty-six active chapters. No. 3, of Volume XXII, bears a cover design by Charlotte E. Shepard (Field), of Michigan Alpha. In the center of the title-page a shield is divided diago- nally through the center by a band of black, bearing the Arrow. In the upper left-hand division is I. C., in the right-hand lower section is IIB^> above the shield in a plain panel space is " The Arrow," and below, under the shield, " of Pi Beta Phi." Iva A. Welch, Wisconsin Alpha, was Arrow alumnae editor from January, 1901, to April, 1906. Miss Robinson moved from Madison to Milwaukee in the Autumn of 1902, keeping the printing of the Ar- row still in Madison, but in November, 1907, when she moved to Denver, we find the Arrow entered at the Denver post office. 188 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY Ethel R. Curryer, Indiana Gamma, was Arrow Alumnae editor from April, 1906, to January, 1908. Volume XXIV, November, 1907, is clothed in the cover familiar to us to-day, the design of Esther Fay Shover, Indiana Gamma. A narrow band of carnations forms a border, while in the lower half a triangular design of carnations encloses the emblem the Arrow. It is an artistic design, and has greeted thousands of eager Pi Phis during the past eight years. No. 2 of Volume XXIV closed Miss Robinson's con- nection with the Arrow, and ended a brilliant editor- ship of over ten years. " During this period, the Ar- row was self-supporting. In 1896 there were printed for each issue barely 550 copies ; for the issue of Janu- ary, 1908, there were required 2,200 copies." Her last issue contained over one hundred pages of reading mat- ter of vital interest to our Fraternity people. Her bril- liant editorials and reviews, sparkling with clear-cut wisdom and subtle humor, made the magazine a joy to its readers aside from its worth as a Fraternity organ. " Miss Robinson's personality, to a large extent, domi- nated the magazine, both inspirationally and practically. Many customs, long since regarded as characteristic of the Arrow, owe their inception to her wise plan- ning. " On January 2, 1908, at the New Orleans Convention, it was voted " that a secret number of the Arrow be printed annually, which shall publish the minutes and reports of Convention, the annual chapter reports of the Grand Secretary, and any other information for the use of the Fraternity," as an extra number of the Ar- THE FRATERNITY MAGAZINE 189 row. This number was published as an after-convention issue in 1908, 1910, and 1912. In April, 1908, Volume XXIV, No. 3, the Arrow was edited by Mary Bartol-Theiss, and Sarah G. Pom- eroy (Rugg), who was elected at the New Orleans Con- vention, became alumnae editor. This number was pub- lished from 64 West 109th Street, New York, and from July, 1908, to November, 1909, from the Mason-Henry Press, Syracuse, New York. With the November, 1909, number the publishing is transferred to George Banta, Manasha, Wisconsin, the official printer and publisher to the Fraternity to date. At the Swarthmore Conven- tion, 1910, Sophie P. Woodman was appointed alumnae editor The number of pages of reading matter doubles under Mrs. Theiss' management during the first year, and triples during the last, with a circulation of nearly four thousand copies, making the Arrow one of the larg- est fraternity magazines. The high standard established by Miss Robinson was ably maintained by Mrs. Theiss, and the fact that illness, due to overwork, forced her resignation and retirement in November, 1911, is evi- dence that she gave of her very life's strength to this work. " As President of Alpha Province, Grand Sec- retary, Cataloguer, Compiler of the Song Book, and finally as Editor of the Arrow, Mary Bartol-Theiss has proved herself at all times strong, reliable, and ever alert to the best interests of Pi Beta Phi." Sophie P. Woodman, New York Beta, was elected alumnae editor at the Swarthmore Convention, in June, 1910, upon the resignation of Sarah Pomeroy (Rugg). 190 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY In 1900 the Alumnae Council petitioned the Grand Council that the Arrow be furnished the alumnae at a reduced rate, and the price was fixed at twenty-five cents a year, or $5.00 life subscription. This resulted in quadrupling the alumnae subscriptions, but at an actual money loss to the Fraternity. In 1913 the price was fixed at $1.00 a year to every one, or $10 for life subscription. Since January 1, 1908, the initiation fee has included life subscription to the Arrow. With the January, 1912, No. 2, Volume XXVIII, Sarah G. Pomeroy (Rugg) assumes the responsibilities of editorship to fill out Mrs. Theiss' unexpired term. At the Evanston Convention, in 1912, she was elected to the editorship of the Arrow. In September, 1912, a private Bulletin was authorized between the four issues of the Arrow, and four such issues have been sent out each year. They contain announcements, instructions and notes of a private nature. In 1913, the date for issuing the fourth number of the Arrow was changed from July to June. In June, 1913, the Grand Council voted that the first issue of each vol- ume of the Arrow be secret. This number is a full-sized Arrow, devoted to the reports of Grand Officers, stand- ing committees and intimate working and development of the Fraternity. Under Mrs. Rugg's experienced editorship each number of the Arrow has given its read- ers something of interest to the general public and the welfare of women; its scope has been broadened, and articles and illustrations of Greek sisters have been in- troduced to our readers. To-day the Arrow goes to every state in the Union / THE FRATERNITY MAGAZINE 191 except one, and to all our continental possessions; to Canada, England, France, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Bra- zil, Argentina, Chili, China and India. The promise made in No. 1, Volume I, that " like new wine, the older it grows the better it will become," has been fulfilled in the present-day numbers of this official organ of our Fraternity. All are needed by each one; Nothing is fair or good alone." EMERSON. CHAPTER XIII CATALOGUE AND CALENDARS THE first mention of a catalogue for the Fraternity was in 1880, at the Mt. Pleasant Convention, when Iota Chapter, at Lombard College, was instructed to gather material for a Fraternity catalogue. At this Conven- tion, it was also ordered that * ' Alpha Grand, or Lambda Chapter (Simpson) shall keep a general register of all chapters; " and that " each chapter shall keep a regis- ter of all its members." The first general catalogue to be published was in the Arrow for September, 1887. It covered twenty pages of the magazine and contained the names and addresses of nine hundred and seventy members, belonging to twenty active chapters, but gives no record of the members of of the seventeen dead chapters. In the Arrow of December, 1887, there appeared the first supplement to the catalogue, with thirty-eight added names. It was the policy for a number of years after this to print in the Arrow each year the additional names and addresses, and under the supervision of the Arrow editors (Iowa Zeta and Kappa) the material for a permanent catalogue was being collected. At the Convention of 1890, a committee composed of Iowa Theta, Iowa Iota, and Ohio Alpha, with Corinne Super (Stine), of Ohio Alpha, as chairman, was named 195 196 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY by the Convention and instructed to publish a catalogue. The first report of this committee, in 1892, at the Law- rence Convention, included a complete catalogue in manuscript of all active members, and a statement that the work of gathering a list of non-active and alumna? membership was progressing slowly but satisfactorily. Miss Super was continued as chairman of the committee on catalogue, with Helen Maxwell, of Colorado Alpha, and Ida Von Hon, of Iowa Zeta, as assistants. Interest in working up a complete catalogue of all persons ever initiated into Pi Phi was spread through the efforts of this enthusiastic committee and the Arrow <3olumns, and the chapters came to the assistance of the committee with their own chapter catalogues carefully compiled. Kansas Alpha and Iowa Zeta were the first chapters to complete this work, which was published in the Ar- row of April, 1894, and proved a great incentive to the other chapters and of great help to the difficult task of ihe catalogue committee. The custom was established at this time, and kept up to include 1901, of publishing in the July Arrow by chapters, each year, the names of all active members during the previous year. The July, 1896, Arrow contains a complete list of the active mem- bership of the Fraternity at that time. In 1898, Michigan Alpha published the first inde- pendent chapter catalogue of active and alumna? mem- bers. While this research work had been carried on un- ceasingly since 1880, it was not until 1901, when Flor- ence Chase-Cass, of Michigan Alpha, a professional cat- CATALOGUE AND CALENDARS 197 aloguer, was appointed Fraternity Catalogue Secretary, that our first catalogue, under its own cover, was printed. This was presented at the Syracuse Conven- tion, and a systematic card index installed for future reference and corrections. There were about eleven thousand entries on these cards, and the work involved an enormous amount of time and strength. The cata- logue has two hundred and three pages, and contains twenty-nine hundred names, with addresses, college, chapter, date of initiation, date of graduation, degrees, and name of husband, and brings the record down to March, 1901. The office of Fraternity Cataloguer was instituted at the Syracuse Convention, and Mrs. Cass was appointed the first cataloguer of the Fraternity with a salary. She could not accept the position, however, and Mary Bar- tol (Theiss), Pennsylvania Beta, was named in her stead. No more capable and careful person in the Fra- ternity could have been found to continue the untiring and persistent efforts of Mrs. Cass than Mary Bartol, as the results most admirably show. From 1901 to 1908 these records were kept to the satisfaction of every one. In 1902, Mary Bartol (Theiss) published the First Annual Supplement to the First Catalogue, under sep- arate cover, and a copy was forwarded to each owner of a catalogue. In 1903, the Second Annual Supple- ment was published, and in 1904 the Third Annual Supplement brought the Fraternity list to date. In June, 1906, Mary Bartol, who had now become Mrs. Lewis E. Theiss, had published the second edition 198 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY of the Official Catalogue. It contains the full enroll- ment of each chapter, active and inactive, a detailed al- phabetical enrollment of the entire membership of the Fraternity, a geographical index showing the present home of every member, a list by chapters of those no longer living, and a table of relationships. Every mem- ber is enrolled at least three times. The volume of 364 pages, contains the records of 4,181 members of forty- nine chapters, and shows an immense amount of skilled and painstaking work. Price seventy-five cents. To this second edition, a First Annual Supplement was compiled and added by Mrs. Theiss in 1907, and a Second Supplement in 1908. Mrs. Theiss became ed- itor of the Arrow with the April, 1908, number, and while not officially carried on the records as cataloguer, she performed the duties of the office until the appoint- ment of her successor, Helen Schaeffer-Huff, of Pennsyl- vania Gamma, in October, 1908. In 1909, the Third Annual Supplement, with a new list of " changed addresses " aranged alphabetically, was completed by Mrs. Huff, and in June, 1910, a Fourth Supplement was published, making the records complete to that date. The third and last edition of the Catalogue was issued in September, 1911, by Kate McLaughlin-Bourne, of Pennsylvania Beta, who was appointed by the Grand President to succeed Mrs. Huff in this work. In the preface she notes that " every available source of in- formation has been exhausted " in getting the material for this edition, and the five hundred and fifty-six pages testify to the indefatigable efforts of Mrs. Bourne to CATALOGUE AND CALENDARS 199 make this edition complete and accurate. The work is divided into four parts : ( 1 ) a record of membership by chapters, active and inactive; (2) alphabetical cata- logue of members; (3) geographical index of members; and (4) table of relationships. Six thousand, four hun- dred and twenty-six names are recorded under the chapter headings, covering the total initiations into sixty chapters of Pi Beta Phi from 1867 to June 29, 1911. This volume forms the most valuable public doc- ument of the Fraternity. CALENDAR. The first Pi Beta Phi Calendar was pub- lished in 1910, under the supervision of Roberta G. Frye (Watt), of Maryland Alpha, and was so highly appreciated and enjoyed that the next Convention at Swarthmore, in June, 1910, voted to continue the an- nual publication, and Anna F. T. Pettit (Broomell) and Katherine Griest, of Pennsylvania Alpha, were ap- pointed a committee to serve during the next two years. The calendar of 1911 was printed by Walter B. Jen- kins, of Philadelphia, upon sixty-five sheets of deep cream, heavy laid paper, in brown ink. The covers were of heavy brown paper, with " Pi Beta Phi, 1911 " em- bossed on it in gold. Each day of the year bore an appropriate quotation, and the birthdays of the Found- ers, Grand Council and active chapters were noted. The 1912 Calendar, also printed by Mr. Jenkins, was done in black and white, a page a week style, with quo- tations for each day, but with the anniversaries left out. Editorially, the Arrow says of this Calendar: " The compilers have wandered far afield and have culled the 200 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY choicest blossoms from many literary gardens. If ' genius is a part of taking pains,' genius is here ex- emplified. ' ' At the Evanston Convention in June, 1912, the cal- endar committee was composed of Katherine Griest and Deborah L. Ferrier, of Pennsylvania Alpha and Edith Valet of New York Beta. The Calendar for 1913, also printed by Mr. Jenkins, proved to be the most popular ever gotten out by the Fraternity. It resembles the former calendars in style, with the addition of a bright and very attractive bor- der of green and red, with the Fraternity flower in the four corners. Here also we find the anniversaries of the birthdays of the Fraternity, the Founders, the Grand Council and chapters noted. The 1914 Calendar was issued in the form of a page a day pad, mounted upon heavy cardboard, with appro- priate verses for each day and the birthday anniver- saries noted. This calendar was not as popular as the previous year's week-a-page, hanging style, and the fol- lowing year the committee decided to return to the former. The 1915 Calendar is a duplicate of the 1913 Calen- dar. It is bright and artistic to the eye and with ap- propriate and pleasing daily quotations, and has grown to be looked upon by the Fraternity as the Fraternity Calendar. These Calendars are daily inspirations to the readers, and bring the alumnae in daily touch with the spirit of Pi Beta Phi, and reflect great credit upon the compilers and printer. " A friend may well be reckoned the masterpiece of Nature." EMERSON. CHAPTER XIV PI BETA PHI SONG BOOK THE first Arrow, of May, 1885, contained Ethel Allen- Hamilton's Founding Song, to the tune of Dearest May, and frequently after songs appeared from time to time, but no attempt was made to collect these in book form until at the Lawrence Convention in 1892, when Mich- igan Beta presented the Songs of Pi Beta Phi in pamph- let form. The adoption of our " Ring Ching Ching " at the same convention stimulated song and Fraternity singing, and we find the pamphlet of '92 worn out and exhausted by the time of the Boston Convention. In 1895, a committee consisting of Mary Bartol (Theiss), of Pennsylvania Beta, Viola Lukens, of In- diana Alpha, and Elizabeth Smith, of Colorado Alpha, were appointed to compile and publish a Fraternity song book, which resulted in The Songs of Pi Beta Phi, published January 1, 1899, by Mary Bartol. This book contained one hundred and seventeen pages and seventy- eight songs, and was printed by J. W. Pepper, of Phil- adelphia. The second edition of the song book was published under the authority of the Grand Council, and edited by Mary Bartol-Theiss in 1904. The presswork was done by the Metropolitan Engraving, Lithographing & Printing Company, Philadelphia, Pa. The book con- 203 204 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY tains one hundred and seventy-six 8x11 pages, and one hundred and thirty songs, two waltzes and a two-step. The present, or our third song book x was edited by Alleyne Archibald, of Nebraska Beta, assisted by Lela Howard, of Columbia Alpha, Anne Stuart, of Nebraska Beta, Jessie Smith-Gaynor, of Iowa Zeta, and Mary E. Shannon, of Arkansas Alpha, and is a joy and necessity to the life of every chapter. The book contains one hundred and seventy-six 9x12 pages, and one hundred and sixty songs, and reflects great credit upon the com- pilers and the Fraternity. 11 When the songs of Pi Beta Phi ring in our ears and make us strong in our loyalty; when, at reunion times, the enthusiasm of the active girls join with ours of long years; when the stirring * Ring Ching Ching ' strikes the ever responsive chord in our natures, we are stirred by the same kind of emotion and loyalty that fills the breast of the soldier at the roll of the drum and call to the flag." " As love is the life of faith, so with the increase of love faith increases. Even from man toward man, faith and love grow together. The more we love the more we understand, and the more we trust one another." DR. PUSEY. CHAPTER XV SYMPHONY AND COAT - OF - ARMS As a result of a competitive contest, the Convention of 1910 voted to adopt the following, submitted by Abbie "Williams-Burton, of Illinois Epsilon, as the Fraternity Symphony : " Whatsoever things are true, Lovely, fair, Beyond compare, Pure as the Arrow's gold, Sweet as wine carnations hold, Honest, just, of worth untold These hold ye, in honor due Best to serve the name ye bear. Wearers of the wine and blue, Choose these in your hearts to wear." The Fraternity has had these beautiful lines, lettered in gold, upon a soft, cream-colored card, with an artis- tically embossed design in wine and blue and gold, made by hand, for appropriate reminders of anniversaries. The Pi Beta Phi book plate upon the inside front cover of this history is also the gift of an Illinois Epsilon alumna, Edith Hammond, and was presented to the Convention guests in 1912 from the entertaining chapter at Northwestern University. A PLAN for a coat-of-arms was submitted to and 207 208 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY adopted by the 1910 Convention at Swarthmore, Penn- sylvania. These were submitted to an authority on her- aldry, and were carried out as closely as possible in making the coat-of-arms, adopted by the Grand Council in February, 1912, and were copyrighted in March, 1912, by the Fraternity in the name of Anna F. T. Pettitt (Broomell), who had the work in charge. The Pi Beta Phi coat-of-arms " consists of a lozenge on which is blazoned the Brownlee crest, an eagle dis- played. On the eagle's breast is blazoned the seal of Monmouth College, a sun in splendor, with the word * Lux ' in the center. The eagle holds in his right talon the ( , and in his left the Arrow of Pi Beta Phi. The lozenge signifies that the arm is that of a woman's or- ganization; the eagle is the crest of the originators of women's fraternities in general and Pi Beta Phi in particular; the sun is the seal of the college in which Pi Beta Phi had its first home, and the eagle by holding the <^2 and the Pi Beta Phi Arrow shows the absolute identity between the I. C. Sorosis and Pi Beta Phi Fra- ternity. " As the knights of old fought to glorify his family arms, " so the symbols of the Pi Beta Phi coat-of-arms should bring to the mind of every Pi Beta Phi a reali- zation that this great Fraternity of ours is a heritage from the past, that we who are proud to use its coat-of- arms should be equally proud to uphold its ideals, for which those noble women, our Founders, established the first chapter at Monmouth College, and that our mod- ern fraternalism should embody in it the chivalry of the past." " It is a good thing to be rich, and a good thing to be strong, but it is a better thing to be beloved by many friends." EURIPIDES. CHAPTER XVI THE " cookie shine " is strictly a Pi Beta Phi insti- tution, and brings to mind many happy and merry events in our lives, in the years of long ago. Our be- loved Lucinda Smith-Buchan told us, in the January, 1902, Arrow, that " this characteristic feature of the Fraternity had its origin in the Kansas Alpha Chapter, back in the days when Chancellor Frazier was the Robin Good Fellow of each and every student of the state university. ' Cookie shine ' was his own individual name for any kind of an informal social company brought together by accident or design. " On one occasion, in June, 1872, when a number of the Lawrence girls were invited to the home of Flora and Alma Richardson, to meet their sister Sara, a newly initiated Pi Phi from Lombard College, " the good Chancellor chanced to be present, and when the girls began to lay their ' spread ' of good things known only to college girls, the Chancellor dubbed the feast a 1 cookie shine/ The word so pleased the girls that they immediately adopted it for their own, and from that time on it became in Kansas Alpha sacred to the use of the Pi Phi girls." From Kansas, it was carried to other chapters, until " the term itself, and the occa- sion for which it stands, has become so inseparable a 211 212 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY part of the social life of our Fraternity that it will al- ways be held in unquestioned and loving regard by all of us." Mrs. Buchan writes that " the entire evening, with its initiation ceremony, supper, and the following pro- gram, whether composed of music, dancing, card games or other diversions incident to the tastes and abilities of those present, is spoken of as a ' cookie shine.' But for a formal ' cookie shine,' it is the supper itself, which has perhaps received the greatest amount of at- tention from the greatest number of hands." " Spread upon a long tablecloth (or sheet) on the floor, every- thing from hot biscuits, veal loaf and chicken, through a long line of scattered chips, olives, pickles, nuts, fruits and cookies, to the most conventionally served ice-cream and coffee." But if there is only time to pass the word around that there will be a " cookie shine " to-night or to-morrow afternoon, * ' every one brings her own donation, with the single injunction that nothing must be brought which will call for napkins, or plates, knives, forks or spoons for the serving of it. Then every one comes bearing a paper parcel, or a small basket," and when the time arrives for refreshments, the large tablecloth, or sheet, is spread in the middle of the floor, and the contributions thrown here and there upon it, and the girls sit on the floor, Turk fashion, amid laughter, singing and merrymaking, and time vanishes with the pickles and cake. One of the beauties of the " cookie shine " is that, when the party is over, the festive board is quickly cleared by gathering up the four corners of the sheet or cloth, and " THE COOKIE SHINE " 213 dispatching the fragments unceremoniously, leaving the room as if by magic clear again. " In fine weather, the ' cookie shine ' supper is often spread on the grass. Very often some special features of entertainment will be prepared for the ' cookie shine. ' These are usually conceived and executed by a few of the girls, without the knowledge of the others, so that there is always a greater or less air of expectancy. Farces, either original or adapted to the chapter's use, are a very popular feature of the programs, impersona- tions of ridiculous characters, another. In the presen- tation of these features much skill is often manifested that before was unknown, or under-estimated, so that these chance occasions not seldom prove to be of more than transitory interest/' For a number of years the " cookie shine " was a regular convention stunt, " until at the Boston Con- vention in 1895 there were but a few chapters unac- quainted with the name and the * spread ' to which it is given, and the memorable Boston * shine ' revealed its mysteries to those still uninitiated. Though in general the * cookie shine ' is the same, whether partaken of in California or Boston, still there are many local differ- ' Those wlw bring sunshine to the lives of others, cannot keep it from themselves." J. M. BARRIE. CHAPTER XVII FELLOWSHIPS, SCHOLARSHIPS AND LOAN FUNDS THE editor of one of our men's journals once said ' ' It is not so much the men we take in that counts ; it is the men we turn out." What the Fraternity helps the girl to make of herself is what counts in her life, and so Pi Beta Phi, in her effort to help develop the best in the girl pledged to her ideals, has instituted, as a tangible evidence of this policy, scholarships and loan funds. At the Nineteenth National Biennial Convention, held in Indianapolis, in June, 1906, it was ordered " that Pi Beta Phi establish scholarships not to exceed $1,000 in total for the college year, such scholarships to be open only to members of Pi Beta Phi; " also that these scholarships be " two undergraduate scholarships of $325 each, and one graduate scholarship of $350," such " scholarships for 1906-1907 to be placed at Barnard College, but at the end of the first year the awarding and places to be left to the discretion of the Grand Council." These were available immediately, and Aileen March Weaver (Robinson), '06, of Kansas Alpha, was awarded the graduate scholarship, and Mary Mathilda Wads- worth, '09, of Nebraska Beta, one of the undergraduate scholarships. Owing to the lack of competitors, the sec- 217 218 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY ond undergraduate scholarship for 1906-1907 was not awarded. Mrs. Weaver-Robinson was born and reared in Law- rence, Kansas, entering the State University in Septem- ber, 1902. She was initiated into Pi Beta Phi on Octo- ber 11 of the same year. In the Spring of 1906 she was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, and in June gradua* d with A. B. Miss Wadsworth was born in Oregon, Illinois, but in her childhood her parents moved to Council Bluffs, Iowa, where she received her early education. In the Fall of 1905, she entered the University of Nebraska, and was also registered in the University School of Music. She was initiated into Pi Beta Phi October 14, 1905, affiliating with New York Beta in the Fall of 1906. The 1907-1908 graduate scholarship, under the same conditions as 1906-1907, was awarded to Anna F. T. Pettit (Broomell), of Pennsylvania Alpha. Mrs. Broomell's early days were spent in the Friends' School of Philadelphia. In 1889, she entered the Friends' School of Philadelphia. In 1889, she entered the Friends' Central School, from which she graduated in June, 1904, and entered the sophomore class of Swarth- more College the following Autumn. She was initiated into Pi Beta Phi November 17, 1905. In June, 1907, she was graduated with the degree of B. A., and upon receiving the Pi Phi scholarship, she transferred to New York Beta, entering Columbia University, and receiving her degree of A. M. in 1908. One undergraduate scholarship for the year 1908-1909 was awarded to Mary Badger Wilson, Columbia Alpha. I 'S - s o I FELLOWSHIPS AND SCHOLARSHIPS 219 Miss Wilson entered George Washington University in January, 1908, was initiated into Pi Beta Phi March 14, 1908, and attended Barnard the first semester, 1909. Neither undergraduate scholarship for 1907-1908, nor the graduate scholarship for 1908-1909, or second under- graduate scholarship for the latter year, were competed for, and at a meeting of the Grand Council, held in New York during the Thanksgiving vacation, 1909, it was decided to withdraw the scholarships for 1909-1910, and to offer in their place one graduate fellowship with the value of $500. This " fellowship to be open to any member of Pi Beta Phi who has received her bachelor's degree, and available for use in any university in this country or Europe." The desired result followed immediately; competition was keen, and the same plan was followed for 1910-1911. Imogen Cunningham, Washington Alpha, was the suc- cessful competitor for the year 1909-1910, and Sarah G. Pomeroy (Rugg), Massachusetts Alpha, for the year 1910-1911. This plan has been very satisfactory, and " it is safe to say that the establishment of these schol- arships and fellowships has brought Pi Phi prominently before the Faculties of the leading universities and col- leges " for the past six years, " and has directed atten- tion to the fact that the Fraternity is awake to the value of genuine scholarship. " Imogen Cunningham was born in Portland, Oregon, but at an early age moved to Seattle, Washington, where she attended the public schools, graduating from the Seattle High School in the class of 1903. She entered the University in 1904, and was one of the charter mem- 220 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY bers of Washington Alpha, which was installed Janu- ary 7, 1907. Upon her graduation in June, 1907, she received the degree of B. A. She used the Pi Phi Fel- lowship for work at the Technische Hochschule, Dresden, from October, 1909, to July, 1910, under the great photo chemist Luther. Sarah Gertrude Pomeroy (Rugg), daughter of a New England clergyman, was born in Fitchburg, Massachu- setts, but received her early education in the public schools of Boston and its suburbs, where she has lived the greater part of her life. She completed her prep- aration for college at Wesleyan Academy, Wilbraham, Mass. In the Autumn of 1902, Mrs. Rugg entered Bos- ton University, and on December 13, the same year, was initiated into Pi Beta Phi. In 1906, she graduated with the degree of A. B., and three years later received the degree of A. M. from her Alma Mater. As Pi Phi Fel- low, she studied at the University of London, doing re- search work in the Library of the British Museum. The graduate fellowship for the year 1911-1912 was awarded to Mildred W. Cochran, Columbia Alpha. Miss Cochran was graduated from George Washington Uni- versity in 1907 with the degree of B. S. She taught one year in Limestone College, South Carolina, where she had the chair of mathematics and science, and three years at Grafton Hall, Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. Miss Cochran studied English and biology for her master's degree at Columbia University. The 1912-1913 Pi Phi Fellowship was held by Eliz- abeth Craighead, of Pennsylvania Gamma. Miss Craig- head entered Dickinson College in the Autumn of 1898, .2 o o> I W FELLOWSHIPS AND SCHOLARSHIPS 221 graduating in June, 1901, with the degree of Ph. B. She was initiated into Pi Beta Phi on June 4, 1904, and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa in the Spring of 1901. She taught for ten years, when she was awarded the Pi Beta Phi Fellowship, and spent the summer of 1912 at Gre- noble and the following winter in Paris and New York, studying at the Sorbonne, the University of Paris, and Columbia University. The 1913-1914 fellowship was awarded to Mary Inez Droke, daughter of Prof. G. W. Droke, of the University of Arkansas. Miss Droke was born in Fayetteville, where she has always lived. At the age of fourteen, she entered the University of Arkansas, graduating in music in 1907. She was a charter member of Arkansas Alpha of Pi Beta Phi, which was installed December 29, 1909. In the Autumn of 1908, when nineteen years old, she accepted the position of head of the mathematics depart- ment of the Fayetteville High School, and in 1911 re- entered the University as a candidate for the degree of B. A., which she received in June, 1913. She was a member of Scull Club, an honor society of the Univer- sity. In the summer of 1913, she travelled in Germany and Switzerland, and in October went to Paris, enroll- ing as a student of mathematics at the opening of the Sorbonne. For the first time in the founding of the fellowship, it was deemed best to divide the 1914-1915 fellowship, and it was awarded to Estaline Wilson, Missouri Alpha, and Alleyne Archibald, Nebraska Beta. Estaline Wilson was born in Warrensburg, Missouri, finished the public and high school courses at fifteen, 222 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY and graduated from the Warrensburg State Normal two years later. After teaching two years she entered the State University, was initiated into Missouri Alpha Oc- tober 9, 1909, and was graduated in 1911, taking the A. B. degree, and B. S. in education. She was elected to Pi Lambda Theta, an honorary fraternity. Alleyne Archibald graduated from the School of Music of the University of Nebraska in the class of 1902. In September of the same year she entered the faculty of this institution, continuing her study for five years. In June, 1908, she was chosen by Henry Purmont Eames to be his assistant in his Pianoforte Studios in Paris. Her two years there were spent in further study, teach- ing and concert work. She returned to America in 1910, and in September reentered the University School of Music, Lincoln. Miss Archibald is the daughter of a Baptist clergyman, has done most of her professional work in the "West, and has steadily progressed in her profes- sion, which gives her Fraternity just cause for pride. Loan Fund. At the twenty-first Biennial Convention, held in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, June 30, 1910, it was voted " that an appropriation of $200 be made annu- ally for two years for a Loan Fund, available to Pi Beta Phi undergraduates." A committee appointed to draw up regulations for governing the use and admin- istration of the Loan Fund recommended that loans " be made in any amount to the maximum of $100 to any one person in any one year," with the understand- ing that loans " be paid if possible within two years after leaving college, with the privilege of renewal for two year periods. " * * On the renewal of a loan one-half FELLOWSHIPS AND SCHOLARSHIPS 223 per cent, of its face value shall be charged, " and " in the event of any loan remaining unpaid at the expira- tion of two years after leaving college, interest at the rate of two per cent, per annum shall be charged." " In case of the death of the student to whom loans were made, the loan lapsed/' The disbursement of this fund was placed in the hands of the Boston Alumn Club, and during the two years of its administration, 1910-1912, $475 from the Fraternity's treasury was devoted to helping Pi Phi undergraduates. At the Evanston Convention, on June 26, 1912, it was voted " that a permanent Loan Fund of not less than $200 per annum be established, the details of its administration to be worked out by a committee ap- pointed by the Grand President." Mrs. Mildred Babcock-Babcock, Massachusetts Alpha, Elmira Wilson, Iowa Gamma, and Jennie L. Rowell, Vermont Beta, were named as the committee. The conditions remained practically the same as the previous two years. Twenty- one applications for loans were received during the three years, for sums ranging from ten dollars to three hundred dollars, thirteen of which were granted. All loans made after June, 1912, when paid back, will go into a permanent Loan Fund. " The Loan Fund each year has been made use of by girls who otherwise would have had to leave college, so that it has more than justified the claim for the needs of its establishment. The loans show a geographical distribution of applicants from California to the At- lantic coast." :t Application is the price to be paid for mental ac- quisition. To have the harvest we must sow the seed." BATLEY. CHAPTER XVIII FRATERNITY EXAMINATIONS EMMA HARPER TURNER must be made sponsor for our wise, philosophical, after-Christmas bete noire, annual Fraternity examinations. After the Galesburg Convention in 1890, we had among our standing committees, the Library Bureau, which became the Literary Bureau after the Lawrence Convention in 1892, and devoted its energies to out- lining and developing a literary program in the chapter meetings, and especially to the study of woman's work and achievements. In 1893, some time shortly after that memorable World's Fair Convention in Chicago, Miss Turner, who had become the head of the National Alumnae Association, suggested to the Grand Council that the Fraternity make the study of our history its literary work, and it was accordingly assigned to the Literary Bureau. Under the able management of Florence Chase (Cass), of Michigan Alpha, chairman of the Literary Bureau from 1893 to 1895, our first examination was held in April, 1894, and proved so highly satisfactory and im- portant to the right development of our members that they were continued annually until 1899, when, at the Boulder Convention, the Constitution was revised, mak- 227 228 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY ing it one of the Province President's duties " to con- duct an examination on the Fraternity Constitution and Statutes, history and policy, and on parliamentary law," to be taken by every chapter between December 1 and March 31, and the Literary Bureau Committee was dispensed with. At the Evanston Convention in 1912, the preparation of these examinations was transferred to the hands of a Committee on Fraternity Examinations, composed at the present time of Edith L. Carpenter, Vermont Beta, chairman, Louise de la Barre-Branasch, Minnesota Al- pha, Mollie Brown- Worcester, Colorado Alpha, Grace Fahenstock-Birmingham, Illinois Delta, and Nellie B. Wallbank, Illinois Beta. These examinations have been of incalculable benefit to Pi Beta Phi, compelling the members to become fa- miliar with the ideals, government and discipline of the organization, helping them to the better and broader understanding of what is expected of a fraternity mem- ber. Too often the fraternity girl's world is bounded by the horizon of her own chapter, if left untrained, and she fails to realize that she stands for a living example, not alone of her own Greek organization, but all Greeks. " What Pi Beta Phi means to each of us we cannot express in words; what she is to us we can best show in our daily acts, and in our kindness to those around us. Our Fraternity is the secret stimulus which spurs us ever onward to things that are ' noble, good and true/ and the girl who has pledged herself to think only on these things, feels the desire to be the embodiment FRATERNITY EXAMINATIONS 229 of these noble qualities arising with such irresistible force within her that her thoughts and actions are di- rected toward the good of the Fraternity and her asso- ciates." " As gold more splendid from the fire appears, So friendship brightens with the length of years." MEANDER. CHAPTER XIX PAN- HELLENIC CONVENTIONS IN response to the invitation of Kappa Kappa Gamma, delegates from (1) Kappa Alpha Theta, (2) Kappa Kappa Gamma, (3) Alpha Phi, (4) Delta Gamma, (5) Gamma Phi Beta, (6) Delta Delta Delta and (7) Pi Beta Phi met in Boston on April 15, 1891, to discuss methods for the betterment of fraternity conditions in the differ- ent colleges. This Convention elected Lucy Wight, Kappa Kappa Gamma, president, Margaret Smith, Kappa Al- pha Theta, vice-president, and Emma Harper Turner, Pi Beta Phi, secretary. Into the hands of five commit- tees the principal topics under discussion were placed for submission to their respective fraternities. These topics covered a combined effort to: (1) secure uniform- ity of inter-fraternity courtesy, (2) cooperation in pur- chasing fraternity jewelry and stationery, (3) Pan- Hellenic plans for the World's Fair in Chicago, (4) uniformity in dates of fraternity publications, and (5) inter-chapter cooperation and etiquette. The Conven- tion having no legislative power, it could recommend only, which it did by bringing these five subjects before their organizations. To keep alive this work, a stand- ing committee composed of one representative from each fraternity present, with Emma Harper Turner, Pi Beta 233 234 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY Phi, as chairman, and Lucy Evelyn Wight, Kappa Kappa Gamma, as secretary, was elected. On the 16th, at a reception given by Phi Chapter of Kappa Kappa Gamma, Mrs. Julia Ward Howe received the guests, assisted by Miss Kingsburg and one delegate from each fraternity of the Convention. This Conven- tion will long be remembered for its delightful inter- fraternity fellowship and cordial good will, and may be considered the forerunner of our present-day Pan- Hellenic Congress. (See Arrow, June, 1891.) The Congress of Fraternities. During the Congress of Fraternities, held in Chicago, during the World's Columbian Fair, July 19 and 20, the morning session of July 20 was devoted to women's college fraternities. Mrs. Charles Henrotin delivered the address of welcome, also addresses were delivered by representatives from Kappa Kappa Gamma, Gamma Phi Beta, Delta Gamma, Delta Delta Delta, Alpha Phi, and by Mrs. Gertrude Boughton Blackwelder, of Pi Beta Phi. Mrs. Bough- ton's paper was on the " Ethics of Fraternity," and it was reprinted by several of the fraternity magazines and highly complimented. A social meeting of grand officers was held in the afternoon, and a Pan-Hellenic reception was held in the New York Building in the evening, which proved a de- lightful Pan-Hellenic occasion. Pi Beta Phi had the largest representation of any woman's fraternity at this reception. At the World's Fair, Pi Beta Phi was associated with Kappa Alpha Theta, Delta Gamma, Gamma Phi Beta and Delta Delta Delta in a Fraternity Booth in the Or- PAN -HELLENIC CONVENTIONS 235 ganization Room of the Woman's Building, where a resting-place for fraternity women was provided, and also a register for the names of members. While these meetings seemed to be filled with inter- sorority enthusiasm, the time proved not ripe for the permanent organization until years later. The First Inter-Sorority Conference. In response to an invitation from Mrs. Margaret Mason-Whitney, Na- tional President of Alpha Phi, representatives of seven national fraternities (Kappa Alpha Theta, Kappa Kappa Gamma, Gamma Phi Beta, Delta Gamma, Delta Delta Delta, Alpha Phi and Pi Beta Phi) met at Co- lumbus Memorial Building, Chicago, on May 24, 1902, for the purpose of forming a permanent Pan-Hellenic organization. Mrs. Laura H. Newton, Kappa Alpha Theta, was elected chairman, and Minnie Ruth Terry, Alpha Phi, secretary. After informal but important discussion, the recommendations of the conference were embodied in six resolutions, which were submitted to the several fraternities as a foundation for the by-laws of the proposed organization. Elizabeth Gamble repre- sented Pi Beta Phi. " It was recommended that a sim- ilar meeting, called by each of the several fraternities in rotation, be held annually, to which a delegate shall be appointed from each of the several fraternities, the meeting of 1903 to be called by Gamma Phi Beta in St. Louis." (See Arrow, July, 1902.) The Second Inter-Sorority Conference met at the call of Gamma Phi Beta, in St. Louis, on September 19, 1903, to receive the reports upon the six resolutions submitted by the First Conference, and to form if possible an 236 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY inter-sorority compact. Alpha Chi Omega and Chi Omega sent delegates, making nine fraternities in the conference. Mrs. Laura B. Norton, Kappa Alpha Theta, was chosen chairman, and Lillian Thompson, Gamma Phi Beta, secretary. The reports showed that the ma- jority of fraternities refused to adopt the recommenda- tions of the previous conference, and no sorority com- pact was formed. The conference ordered the forma- tion of Pan-Hellenic associations in every institution in which two or more national fraternities existed, to be formed of one alumna and one active member from each chapter represented in the conference, " the first chap- ter established in each institution being empowered to organize the Pan-Hellenic association there, chairman- ship to be held in rotation by each chapter in the order of its establishment." (See Arrow, November, 1903.) The Third Inter-Sorority Conference was called by Delta Gamma, and met in Chicago on September 16 and 17, 1904. Alpha Xi Delta was represented, but Alpha Chi Omega sent no representative. Grace Telling, Delta Gamma, was made chairman, and Amy Olgen (Parme- lee), Delta Delta Delta, secretary. Pi Beta Phi was represented by Elizabeth Gamble. The question of ro- tation in calling the conferences was decided by adopt- ing the following roster: (1) Pi Beta Phi, (2) Kappa Alpha Theta, (3) Kappa Kappa Gamma, (4) Delta Gamma, (5) Alpha Phi, (6) Gamma Phi Beta, (7) Al- pha Chi Omega, (8) Delta Delta Delta, (9) Alpha Xi Delta, (10) Chi Omega; and it was agreed that the delegate from the fraternity calling the conference should act as chairman, and the delegate from the fra- PAN -HELLENIC CONVENTIONS 237 ternity next in order should be secretary. C{ Each sorority was asked to instruct its chapters that the pur- pose of the different Pan-Hellenic associations was not merely to promote good feeling and social intercourse, but especially to discuss and act upon all matters of inter-sorority interest with a view to raising fraternity standards and ameliorating existing evils. " (See Ar- row, November, 1904.) The Fourth Inter-Sorority Conference met in Chi- cago, September 15 and 16, 1905; Amy H. Olgen (Par- malee), Delta Delta Delta, was chairman, and Mrs. Rob- ert Leib, Alpha Xi Delta, was secretary. Pi Beta Phi was represented by Elizabeth Gamble. Alpha Omicron Pi was admitted to the conference. It was voted that no sorority should be admitted to membership in the conference which had less than five chapters, or which maintained a chapter in a school below collegiate rank. A constitution was presented for submission to the heads of the different fraternities. (See Arrow, November, 1905.) The Fifth Inter-Sorority Conference was called by Mrs. Robert Leib, Alpha Xi Delta, in Chicago, on Sep- tember 14, 1906, with Jobelle Holcombe, Chi Omega, acting as secretary. A committee on credentials re- ported the following present: (1) Pi Beta Phi, Eliz- abeth Gamble; (2) Kappa Alpha Theta, Mrs. Laura H. Norton; (3) Kappa Kappa Kappa, George Challoner; (4) Delta Gamma, Margaret Sheppard; (5) Alpha Phi, Mrs. J. H. McElroy; (6) Gamma Phi Beta, Lillian W. Thompson; (7) Alpha Chi Omega, Mrs. Richard Ten- nant; (8) Delta Delta Delta, Amy Olgen Parmelee; 238 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY (9) Alpha Xi Delta, Mrs. Robert Leib; (10) Chi Omega, Jobelle Holcombe; (11) Sigma Kappa, Mrs. G. A. Marsh; (12) Alpha Omicron Pi, Mrs. Clifford Bigelow. This conference adopted a model constitution for local Pan-Hellenic associations. It was moved that sororities in high schools and other secondary schools be discoun- tenanced. (See Arrow, November, 1906.) The Sixth Inter-Sorority Conference met in Chicago, September 13, 1907, with Miss Jobelle Holcombe, Chi Omega, as chairman, and Elda L. Smith, Pi Beta Phi, as secretary. The proposed constitutions for the con- ference and for the local associations were discussed. Alumnae were urged to assist in solving local Pan- Hellenic differences. Marked progress along the line of social service was reported. (See Arrow, November, 1907.) The Seventh Inter-Sorority Conference met in Chi- cago on September 11, 1908, at the call of Pi Beta Phi, Anna W. Lytle (Tannahill) presiding and L. Pearle Green, Kappa Alpha Theta, acting as secretary. The proposed constitution for the conference was accepted by all the sororities present, and the name of the organ- ization was changed to National Pan-Hellenic Confer- ence. Much important business was transacted at this conference. (See Arrow, November, 1908.) The Eighth National Pan-Hellenic Conference met in Chicago September 17 and 18, 1909, L. Pearle Green, Kappa Alpha Theta, presiding, and Edith Stoner, Kappa Kappa Gamma, acting as secretary. Pi Beta Phi was represented by May L. Keller. Zeta Tau Alpha and Alpha Gamma Delta were admitted to the confer- PAN -HELLENIC CONVENTIONS 239 ence and sent representatives. Upon recommendation of the Extension Committee and by vote of the grand presidents Alpha Delta Phi and Delta Zeta were ad- mitted. The fraternities were asked to vest limited leg- islative power in their delegates and that seven-eights vote should decide matters voted upon at the confer- ence; members were urged not to allow fraternity loy- alty to conflict with college loyalty. A new model con- stitution for local associations was prepared. (See Ar- row, November, 1909.) The Ninth National Pan-Hellenic Conference was held in Chicago on September 16 and 17, 1910, Mrs. A. H. Roth, Kappa Kappa Gamma, presiding, with Mar- guerite B. Lake, Delta Gamma, acting as secretary. Pi Beta Phi was represented by Elda L. Smith. Sixteen fraternities sent delegates. Alpha Delta Phi and Delta Zeta were represented for the first time. A material strengthening of the value of these conferences dates from about this time. Much valuable discussion and legislation characterizes the meetings. One hundred and twenty-two fraternity women met at luncheon at the Chicago Beach Hotel. (See Arrow, January, 1911.) The Tenth National Pan-Hellenic Conference met at Evanston, Illinois, November 3 and 4, 1911, with Mar- guerite Lake, Delta Gamma, presiding and Mrs. John Howard McElroy acting as secretary. Pi Beta Phi was represented by May L. Keller. The name of the con- ference was changed to National Pan-Hellenic Congress. A new constitution was adopted, which granted limited legislative power to the delegates. Government be- tween sessions was placed in the hands of an executive 240 PI" BETA PHI FRATERNITY committee of three, to serve as chairman, secretary and treasurer. Provision was made for the issuing of quar- terly bulletins. The conference closed with a Pan-Hel- lenic luncheon in Patton Gymnasium, Northwestern University, at which covers were laid for three hundred and fifty. Thirty-one Pi Phis were present, represent- ing fifteen different chapters. (See Arrow, January, 1912.) The Eleventh Pan-Hellenic Congress met at the Con- gress Hotel, Chicago, on October 17, 18 and 19, 1912, with Mrs. Cora Allen McElroy, Alpha Phi, presiding and Lillian Thompson, Gamma Phi Beta, acting as sec- retary. Mrs. James L. Lardner was the delegate from Pi Beta Phi. During the year Phi Mu and Kappa Delta were admitted to the Congress. Mrs. Ida Shaw Martin, Delta Delta Delta, was appointed Historian of the Congress for the coming five years. The following committees were appointed to work during the coming year and report to the Twelfth Congress : Committee on Point System, Committee on Investigating Inter- fraternity Organizations, and Committee to Investigate Sophomore Pledge Day. Three hundred and ninety-one fraternity women and one fraternity man (Mr. George Banta, Phi Delta Theta) were present at the annual Pan-Hellenic luncheon in Patton Gymnasium, North- western University, Evenston, with Mrs. McElroy toast- mistress. (See Arrow, January, 1913.) The Twelfth Pan-Hellenic Congress met at the Con- gress Hotel, Chicago, on October 16, 17 and 18, 1913, with Lillian Thompson, Gamma Phi Beta, presiding, Lois Smith-Crann, Alpha Chi Omega, acting secretary, PAN -HELLENIC CONVENTIONS 241 and Amy Olgen-Parmelee, Delta Delta Delta, treasurer. Mrs. J. L. Lardner was the delegate from Pi Beta Phi. City Pan-Hellenics reported. Contested fraternity fields discussed; resolution passed, " That no fraternity represented in the National Pan-Hellenic Congress bid a girl who has been a member of a so-called sorority, or other secret Greek letter society of similar nature, exist- ing in a high school or other school of equivalent stand- ing, whether such society exist openly or secretly. This- ruling to apply to a person who shall either accept or retain membership in such society after September, 1915." Financial support was given the Chicago Colle- giate Bureau of Occupation. The first conference of editors of fraternity magazines met in connection with this Congress, on the 16th of October. (See Arrow, December, 1913.) The Thirteenth National Pan-Hellenic Congress met at the McAlpin Hotel, New York, on October 15, 16 and 17, 1914, Mrs. J. H. Crann presiding, Mrs. E. N. Parmalee acting as secretary, and Miss Lena G. Baldwin reported as treasurer. Mrs. J. L. Lardner was the delegate from Pi Beta Phi. A meeting of the Grand Presidents preceded the Congress. Eighteen fraterni- ties submitted their annual reports. The business of the Congress was systematized and reported through the following standing committees: (1) Eligibility, (2) Extension, (3) Social Customs, (4) Conference with College Presidents, (5) Local Pan-Hellenics, (6) Rec- commendations, (7) City Pan-Hellenics, (8) to Study Secrecy of College Fraternities, (9) to Study Certain Definite Phases of Fraternity Life, (10) on Codifi- 242 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY cation, (11) on Compilation of Material in Frater- nity Reference Bureau, and (12) on Recast of Eligi- bility Matriculation Clause. The Executive Committee for 1914-1915: Chairman, Mrs. E. N. Parmalee, Delta Delta Delta; Secretary, Miss Lena G. Baldwin, Alpha Xi Delta; Treasurer, Mrs. Mary C. Love-Collins, Chi Omega. Three hundred and seventy-seven " Greeks " sat at luncheon together at the McAlpin Hotel, at which Mrs. Crann presided as toastmistress. (See Arroiv, De- cember, 1914.) " It has seemed to me that three things must enter into the life of every wholesome girl: loyalty to ideals , which must never waver; enthusiasm and steadfast purpose in following the gleam; and the desire for service , ivhich, when granted, makes life worth living." SOPHIE WOODMAN. I tuo CHAPTER XX PI BETA PHI SETTLEMENT SCHOOL EMMA HARPER TURNER, delegate from the Washing- ton Alumnae Club, presented to the Alumnae at its regu- lar convention meeting on June 29, 1910, a proposition for the establishment of a settlement school in the Ap- palachian Mountains in honor of the Founders and founding of Pi Beta Phi. The idea met with the enthu- siastic support of the Alumnae, and a committee, with Anna F. T. Pettit (Broomell), Pennsylvania Alpha as chairman, was instructed to present the matter to the National Convention. Mrs. Pettit-Broomell, as chair- man, offered the following recommendation, at the morning session of June 30, 1910: (1) " That the sanction of this Convention be given to a plan sug- gested by the Washington Alumnae Club for a settle- ment school in the Appalachian Mountains in honor of the Founders and founding of Pi Beta Phi, thus open- ing the doors of opportunity to Pi Beta Phi to become a pioneer among women's fraternities in one of the great altruistic movements of the present day. That this worthy memorial be dedicated to our Founders on the fiftieth anniversary of the Fraternity: (2) That the following committee, representing the National Alumnae, be elected by Convention to outline and develop the work : Emma Harper Turner, Columbia Alpha, Julia E. Rogers, Iowa Zeta, Mary B. Harris, Pennsylvania 245 246 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY Beta, Leila R. Soule (Bitting), Michigan Alpha, Jennie C. Rainey, Louisiana Alpha, Mary E. Wallihan (Gib- son), Colorado Beta, Alice C. Stewart- Wolf, Illinois Delta, Edith L. Carpenter, Vermont Beta, Jennie B. Allyn, Massachusetts Alpha, and Anna F. T. Pettit (Broomell), Pennsylvania Alpha." The proposition met with the hearty support of the National Convention and the committee began its work at once. The follow- ing eighteen months were spent in careful and extensive investigations of the needy fields. By the process of elimination, the investigators, May L. Keller, Anna Pettit (Broomell) and Emma Harper Turner, finally settled upon Gatlinburg, Tennessee, as the most isolated and needy place in the Appalachian Mountains, and on February 20, 1912. the doors of the Pi Beta Phi Settle- ment School were opened for scholars, with Miss Martha Hill, an experienced mountain worker, as teacher. Our schoolhouse was a rented building alongside the main road, overlooking the Little Pigeon River, while the teacher's cottage, which had been simply but com- fortably furnished, stood back on the mountainside at the edge of the thick wood. The first term of school opened with thirteen pupils, and closed June 28 with thirty-three pupils. At the Evanston Convention, in July, 1912, upon the recommendation of the original committee of ten, the National Convention requested the Chicago Alumnae Club to assume control of the Settlement School. This second committee was composed of Elizabeth A. Clarke- Helmick, Michigan Alpha, Kate B. Miller, Iowa Beta, Lulu Alvord-Barrett, Michigan Alpha, Dema Harsh- Mary O. Pollard. Dell Gillett Morgan. Pi Beta Phi Cottage. PI BETA PHI SETTLEMENT SCHOOL 247 barger, Illinois Delta, and Lucy Hammond- Von Hoist, Colorado Beta. , In August, the second session, with Miss Hill cooper- ating and working in junction with the native district teacher, opened with over seventy scholars. On Decem- ber 1, the county school funds having become exhausted, we sent our first Pi Phi teacher, Dell Gillette (Morgan), Illinois Zeta, to Miss Hills 's assistance, and from the infusion of real Pi Phi earnestness and spirit into our mountain work, the school has grown beyond our most sanguine hopes in its usefulness and far-reaching and lasting good. This session closed the last of March with over one hundred regular pupils, some of whom had moved to Gatlinburg for the school, and others were walking ten miles daily to attend. Besides the regular school work, sewing and cooking classes were organized, and industrial work became a feature. In July, 1913, the people of Gatlinburg gave to the Fraternity thirty-five acres of the choicest land in the district for its permanent home. The buildings on the property were put in good repair, and the third session of the school began in August in our own building the same one in which Miss Hill had opened the school the previous year. Abbie B. Langmaid, Minnesota Alpha, assisted by Helen Bryan, New York Beta, was in charge until October, when Mary 0. Pollard, Ver- mont Alpha, succeeded to head resident. In December the contract was let to C. R. Williams and A. J. Huff for building the six-room schoolhouse. Lumber was sawed from logs from the mountainsides, and the carpenters were mostly men of the neighborhood. Our greatest bill 248 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY of expense was the freighting over the mountains, mak- ing the building, when completed, cost $3,560. In January, 1914, our work had increased to such proportions that two more workers were necessary, and Edith Wilson, Indiana Alpha, and Leah Stock, Mich- igan Alpha, volunteered their services, making four teachers, with one hundred and twenty-seven pupils. The industrial and settlement work had grown to be so important that when school closed on April 3, 1914, Miss Pollard remained on. During the Spring she or- ganized the first Tomato Club of the county, and fa- miliarized herself with the industrial needs of the peo- ple, and studied to help them as only an intelligent, earnest, self-sacrificing person can. She had the state hookworm specialist at the school and personally helped in waging war against that ever present pest among these people. The generous supply of seeds and bulbs sent by the U. S. Agricultural Department at Washington was distributed among the people and in- structions given for beautifying their yards and homes. During the first week in July the Grand Council were guests of the School, and upon July 9th, the new six- room school building was dedicated, in the presence of eight Pi Phis and some five hundred people. The fourth session of the school opened August 10, 1914, with Mary 0. Pollard, head resident, Edith Wil- son and Marie Ditmars, Indiana Alpha, and Margaret Young, Illinois Epsilon, as assistants, and with one hundred and thirty-four pupils. The County School Board voted the county appropriation of $375 to the Pi Beta Phi Settlement School. Pi Beta Phi School 1915. fll'lHn ! > ;| !" I V'l>, ..',. 1 ' " . r! . ; . : \t, Settlement School Assistants. PI BETA PHI SETTLEMENT SCHOOL 249 After the most profitable session in the history of the undertaking, school closed on April 2, 1915. The mountain people among whom our Pi Phis are laboring are a sturdy American strain; their ancestors were the patriots of the Revolutionary days of our country, and the account of the victories won by them in these very mountains make an important chapter in our country's history. They came from strong Scotch- Irish and pure English stock and to-day are as primi- tive and simple as we might have found our own ances- tors centuries ago. Their ignorance, and all that goes with generations of neglect, are beyond our imagina- tion. For generations, many of them have not seen a book or magazine; no new blood has come into their settlements, and many have never been ten miles from their door-steps. It has been estimated that not over one per cent, of the isolated mountain people can read or write. Their lives and living have drifted back in many cases to almost the animal existence, though by instinct they are courteous and kind. The object of the school is to teach the people to read and write, to sew and cook, to develop the natural resources at their doors, and to make them a useful and happy people in the mountains, and an honor to their country. "We. Pi Phi sisters here, they, hillfolk sisters there, We, in the midst of all things lovely and true, They, for whom the whole world seems askew, Shall we, the women on whom God's light Shines, not by reason of our bright, Refuse to share it with our sisters there ? " Kate B. Miller. " True friends have no solitary joy or sorrow." WM. ELLERY C BANNING. CHAPTER XXI CONCLUSION Pi BETA PHI FRATERNITY is an organization including among her members women in every walk of life who have pledged themselves to a " friendship that by the very privacy of the organization may have a deeper meaning than those of every day life; friendship that means companionship in its threefold character of similarity of tastes, confidence and steadfastness." No one is invited to membership until the utmost care has been taken to ascertain that this exists. Pi Beta Phi teaches unselfishness, patience, self-control, charity, sympathy, purity, love and friendship in their purer and truer sense; she teaches that there are common and binding ties other than those of family blood. Through forty-eight years and by over eight thousand women these standards of life and thought, duty and responsibility have been upheld, demanding the very best in her members and championing the very best in life. We expect more of our members because of the fact that they belong to Pi Beta Phi. It has been claimed that fraternities are exclusive. Very true, they are exclusive as every family is exclu- sive, or as each church organization is exclusive, or as clubs are exclusive. However, membership in Pi Beta Phi is not confined to the wealthy, or even to those brilliant in mind and beautiful in face or figure, but is 253 254 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY composed of kindred and congenial spirits, selected with great care in order that her members may perpetuate the vows of her Founders and members as we select our lifelong friends in every-day life. If it were otherwise, and these conditions were not forced upon us, its strong- hold upon the lives of her members would be lost. The fraternity is not a family, church nor club, and yet some of the ruling ideas of each must be woven into her structure. Upon entering college for the first time, the fraternity furnishes the initiate her college home life. The love, loyalty and close companionship of home are found in the fraternity, and its union and relationship are very strong and sacred. * ' The cardinal virtues of the happy family circle are the fundamental props of the fraternity." The chapter house, presided over by a woman of ability, culture and experience takes the place of the home when the girl starting upon her college career is particularly in need of the close com- panionship of those who will treat her with a mixture of charity and frank criticism and in the fraternity she receives the love, sympathv and guidance that would be given her by her parents. Some one has ex- claimed: " Blessings on the chapter house around which clusters some of the most precious associations of col- lege life. Though its roof may leak, or its furnace smoke, though its landlord may scold or its mortgage clamor, it will always stretch its wings to cover just one more homesick freshman or old alumna, and it can hold more good times than all the marble halls that were ever built in Spain." It has been claimed that Fraternities cultivate the CONCLUSION 255 social side of college life to the sacrifice of scholarship. Membership in Pi Beta Phi is condusive to better scholar- ship. She demands that her members live up to a high standard of scholarship, and she maintains a scholarship committee in each chapter which is responsible to the Fraternity for the scholastic standing of her chapter. At least once each year every chapter is visited by one of the Fraternity's officers for thorough inspection and advice. She confers with the Dean of Women and tries to ascertain accurately just how each member of the chapter stands in scholarship and in college activities. Low scholarship is a subject for discipline and continued low scholarship caused by neglect or indifference is pun- ishable by forfeiture of the charter of the chapter. " Life in every chapter is a practical training school for the cultivation and strengthening of self-control, self-restraint, loyalty, intelligent consideration of others, keenness of judgment and larger opportunities in col- lege and life." The Big Sister movement is strongly exemplified in the fraternity life and the fraternity house offers the family care and love and mutual help- fulness of the home, while to be appreciated, trusted, loved, makes the joy of endeavor and work more keen and the sting of sorrow and disappointment less poig- nant. There are thousands of college women to-day who will support the statement that their fraternity friend- ships were the best gift of their college course. The close organization, lifelong intimacy and personal cul- ture, cooperation with one another and loyalty unto death incite us to strive for the very best possible in us and for each other. The greatest benefit comes to the 256 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY fraternity girl herself in the developing and strengthen- ing of her own character. " Her high aim in life is forced upon her by nature of the conditions of her mem- bership and life in the fraternity." In her initiation ceremony every Pi Beta Phi pledges her loyalty to her Alma Mater, and she insists that her members at all times support the college authorities. In- fringement or violation of college rights and rules are liable to punishment and even expulsion of the erring member. Our members are impressed with the teaching that ' ' in the classroom a Pi Beta Phi 's faithfulness, ear- nestness and courtesy must be ever apparent and at all times the life of a Pi Beta Phi must be so womanly as to set a standard for the society in which she moves." The Fraternity in its organization and all that it teaches and stands for in the lives of its members is unimpeachable and deserves the generous support of all parents and educators. College spirit and standards are strengthened by the Fraternity, making her a prom- inent and worthy factor in college life, and many a student has been led to complete her course against great odds through her fraternity's influence and aid. The Arrow of Pi Beta Phi, worn upon the breast of her members is the " outward and visible sign of the inward and spiritual grace " that has indelibly placed its approval upon nothing short of the true, honest, just, pure, lovely. " Any institution that fosters true friendship and love for another, high ideals and aims in living, striving for the beautiful and virtuous in life should be encour- aged for these are the central force of all right living. ' ' " Finally, whatsoever things are true, Whatsoever things are honest, Whatsoever things are just, Whatsoever things are pure, Whatsoever things are lovely, Whatsoever things are of good report If there be any virtue and if there Be any praise, think on these things. APPENDIX FRATERNITY DIRECTORY FOUNDERS OF THE FRATERNITY Maggie Campbell, Thyne Institute, Chase City, Va. Libbie Brook -Gaddis, 1005 S. Third St., Champaign, HI. Ada Bruen-Grier, 16 Thomas Ave., Bellevue, Pa. Clara Brownlee-Hutchinson, Monmouth, 111. Emma Brownlee-Kilgore, 7639 Lowe Ave., Chicago, 111. Fannie Whitenack-Libby, Goodhue, Minn. Rose Moore, 59 East 21st St., New York City. Ina Smith-Soule, 912 North L St., Tacoma, Wash. Jennie Horne-Turnbull, 2510 N. 32d St., Philadelphia, Pa. Fannie Thompson (deceased). Nancy Black-Wallace, 1049 Court St., Salem, Ore. GRAND COUNCIL Grand President May L. Keller, Westhampton College, Rich- mond, Va. Grand Vice -President Lida Burkhard Lardner (Mrs. J. L.), 810 Milburn St., Evanston, 111. Grand Secretary. Amy B. Onken, Chapin, 111. Grand Treasurer Anne Stuart, 1906 D St., Lincoln, Neb. Arrow Editor Sarah Pomeroy-Rugg (Mrs. F. A.), 580 Com- monwealth Ave., Boston, Mass. 259 260 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY HISTORIAN Elizabeth Clarke Helmick (Mrs. Eli A.), Fort Sheridan, HL CATALOGUER Kate McLaughlin Bourne (Mrs. Harry S.), Lewisburg, Pa. ALUMNAE EDITOR Sophie Parsons Woodman, 561 West 186th St., New York City. Pi Beta Phi Representative in National Pan-Hellenic Con- gress Lida Burkhard Lardner (Mrs, J. L.), 810 Milburn St., Evanston, HL ALPHA PROVINCE President Anna Robinson-Nickerson (Mrs. David D.), 74 Rockland Ave., Maiden. Mass. Ontario Alpha University of Toronto. Vermont Alpha Middlebury College. Vermont Beta University of Vermont. Massachusetts Alpha Boston University. New York Alpha Syracuse University. New York Beta Barnard College. New York Gamma St. Lawrence University. Maryland Al- pha Goucher College. Columbia Alpha George Washington University. Virginia Alpha Randolph-Macon College. Florida Alpha John. B. Stetson University, BETA PROVINCE President Anna F. T. Pettit-Broomell (Mrs. G. L.), 4929 Rubican Ave.. Gennantown, Philadelphia, Pa. FRATERNITY DIRECTORY 261 Pennsylvania Alpha Swarthmore College. Pennsylvania Beta Bucknell University. Pennsylvania Gamma Dickin- son College. Ohio Alpha Ohio University. Ohio Beta Ohio State University. Michigan Alpha Hillsdale College. Michigan Beta University of Michigan. GAMMA PROVINCE President Kate B. Miller, 112 S. Ashland Blvd., Chicago, HI. Minnesota Alpha University of Minnesota. Wisconsin Al- pha University of Wisconsin. Illinois Beta Lombard Col- lege. Illinois Delta Knox College. Illinois Epsilon Northwestern University. Illinois Zeta University of Illi- nois. Illinois Eta James Millikin University. Indiana Alpha Franklin College. Indiana Beta University of In- diana. Indiana Gamma Butler College. DELTA PROVINCE President Lois Janvier, 1445 Webster St., New Orleans, La. Iowa Alpha Iowa Wesleyan College. Iowa Beta Simp- son College. Iowa Gamma Iowa State College. Iowa Zeta Iowa State University. Nebraska Beta University of Nebraska. Missouri Alpha University of Missouri. Mis- souri Beta Washington University. Missouri Gamma Drury College. Kansas Alpha University of Kansas. Ar- kansas Alpha University of Arkansas. Louisiana Alpha Newcomb College. EPSILON PROVINCE President Gertrude Fitz-Randolph-Currens (Mra. J. W.), 1510 13th St., Boulder, Colo. Oklahoma Alpha University of Oklahoma. Texas Alpha University of Texas. Wyoming Alpha University of Wyo- 262 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY ming. Colorado Alpha University of Colorado. Colorado Beta University of Denver. ZETA PROVINCE President Marguerite Davis-Carney (Mrs. P. F.), 3504 Etna St., Berkeley, Cal. California Alpha Leland Stanford, Jr. California Beta University of California. Washington Alpha University of Washington. Washington Beta Washington State College. ALUMNAE DEPARTMENT DIRECTORY Secretary for the Alumnae and Grand Vice-President Lida Burkhard Lardner (Mrs. J. L.), 810 Milburn St., Evanston, HI. Alumnae Editor Sophie Parsons Woodman, 561 West 186 St., New York City. Secretary for Foreign Countries Grand Vice -President. Committee on Settlement School Elizabeth Clarke-Helmick (Mrs. Eli A.), chairman and treasurer, Fort Sheridan, Illinois. ALPHA PROVINCE Vice-President Grace Goodhue-Coolidge (Mrs. Calvin), 21 Massasoit St., Northampton, Mass. Baltimore, Md. Boston, Mass. Burlington, Vt. New York, N.Y. Northern New York, Canton. Rhode Island. Rochester, N.Y. Syracuse, N.Y. Toronto, Canada. Washington, D. C. Western Massachusetts Alumnae. BETA PROVINCE Vice-President Elsa Schlicht, 210 N. Sandusky St., Bellevue, Ohio. FRATERNITY DIRECTORY 263 Ann Arbor, Mich. Athens, Ohio. Carlisle, Pa. Cincin- nati, Ohio. Cleveland, Ohio. Columbus, Ohio. Detroit, Mich. Hillsdale, Mich. Lewisburg, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Pittsburgh, Pa. Toledo, Ohio. Wooster, Ohio. GAMMA PROVINCE Vice-President Lisette Woerner Hampton (Mrs. W. S.), The Elmore, Prospect, Ky. Carthage, 111. Central Illinois. Chicago, HI. Decatur, 111. Franklin, Ind. Galesburg, 111. Indianapolis, Ind. Louisville, Ky. Madison, Wis. Minneapolis, and St. Paul, Minn. DELTA PROVINCE Vice-President Edith Baker, Webster Groves, Mo. Ames, Iowa. Burlington, Iowa. Columbia, Mo. Des Moines, Iowa. Fayetteville, Ark. Indianola, Iowa. Iowa City, Iowa. Kansas City, Mo. Lawrence, Kan. Lincoln, Neb. Mt. Pleasant, Iowa. New Orleans, La. Omaha, Neb., and Council Bluffs, Iowa. St. Joseph, Mo. St. Louis, Mo. Springfield, Mo. Sioux City, la. Sioux Falls, S. Dak. Topeka, Kan. Tri-City Alumnae. York, Neb. EPSILON PROVINCE Vice-President Emily Maverick Miller (Mrs. E. T.), Univer- sity Station, Austin, Tex. Austin, Tex. Boulder, Colo. Dallas, Tex. Denver, Colo. Houston, Tex. Laramie, Wyo. Oklahoma City, Okla. Tulsa, Okla. Waco, Tex. 264 PI BETA PHI FRATERNITY ZETA PROVINCE Vice-President Leta Horlocker, 418 Blanchard Building, Los Angeles, Cal. Los Angeles, Cal. Northern California. Portland, Ore. Seattle, Wash. Spokane, Wash. INDEX Advisory Committees, 84, 111. Allen, Mary Gilmore-, 178. Alpha Chapter, 74. Alpha Delta Psi, 61. Alpha Grand, 74, 75, 77, 92, 93, 94, 195. Alpha Phi, 110, 233. Alpha Phi Psi, 42. Alpha Sigma Alpha, 51. Alpha Tau Omega, 112. Alpha Xi Theta, 36. Alumnae Association, 82, 83, 100, 101, 105, 107, 133, 134. 136. Alumnae and Associate Chap- ters, 96, 129. Alumnae Club, 139. Alumnae Club Delegates, 113. Alumnae Club Ritual, 101. Alumnae Committee, 132. Alumnae Conventions, 134, 135. Alumnae Councils, 106. Alumnae Day, 100. Alumnae Department, 107, 111. Alumnae Editor, 110, 135. Alumnae Members, 116. Alumnae Secretary, 100, 105, 116, 135. Ames Alumnae Club, 140. Ames Chapter, 92. Ann Arbor, Michigan, 37. Ann Arbor Alumnae Club, 141. Annual Chapter Letters, 109. Annual Examinations, 84. Annual Message of Grand President, 103. Annual Tax, 102. Archibald, Alleyne, 204, 221. Arkansas Alpha, 48. Arrow Editor, 83, 96, 104. Arrow Publication, 99, 100, 102, 112, 114. Arrow Subscriptions, 96, 106, 108, 111, 114, 184. Asbury University, 62, 71, 90. Athens Alumnae Club, 141. Austin (Texas) Alumnae Club. 141. Babcock, Mildred Babcock-, 223. Badge, 22, 80, 84, 97, 108, 109, 116, 123, 124. Baker, Edith, 118. Ball, Stella E. Walter-, 33, 35, 178. Baltimore Alumnae Club, 142. Bancker, Mary Clark-, 184. Banta Publishing Company, 189. Baptist Young Ladies' Insti- tute, 59, 90. Barnard College, 46. Barnes, Mary E. Miller-, 178. Barrett, Lulu Alvord-, 246. Bell, Georgia Burlingham-, 65. Bell, Sadie B. Williams-, 105. Bergenthall, Alice Dacy-, 185. Beta Chapter of I. C., 36. Beta Omega Chapter of I. C.. 66, 73. Beta Theta Pi, 19, 95, 99. Black, Nannie L. (Mrs. Wal- lace), 19, 21, 31, 58, 59, 71, 89, 169. Blackwelder, Gertrude Bough- ton-, 82. Bloomfield, Iowa, 92. Bloomington, Indiana, 39. Bolles, Nettie Hubbard, 178. 265 266 INDEX Boston Alumnae Club, 142, 223. Boston University, 43. Bostwick, Kate King-, 115, 135, 173. Boulder Alumnae Club, 143. Bourne, Kate McLoughlan-, 198. Bowman, Flora S., 61. Branson, Anna Jackson- , 114, 136, 172. Branson, Bertha Holland-, 48. Brownlee, Clara (Mrs. Hutch- inson), 19, 58, 89, 208. Brownlee, Emma (Mrs. Kil- gore), 19, 20, 21, 58, 72, 89, 103, 107, 169, 208. Brook, Libbie (Mrs. Gaddis), 19, 20, 31, 32, 58, 71, 89, 107, 169. Brook, Mary, 31, 33. Broomell, Anna F. T. Pettit-, 199, 208, 218, 245. Bryan, Helen, 247. Bruen, Ada C. (Mrs. Graham), 19, 20, 58, 89, 169. Buchan, Lucinda Smith-, 101, 102, 104, 171. Burlington (Iowa) Chapter, 65, 92. Burlington (Vt.) Alumnae Club, 144. Burton, Abbie Williams-, 207. Butler College, 43. California Alpha, 39. California Beta, 45. Callanan College, Iowa, 64, 102. Campbell, Jessie Craig-, 184. Campbell, Maggie F. (Mrs. Hughes), 19, 20, 21, 58, 89, 169. Carlisle Alumnae Club, 145. Carnation adopted, 98. Carpenter, Edith L., 228, 246. Carruthers, Louise, 90, 169. Carthage Alumnae Club, 144. Carthage College, 63. Cartwright, Belle Hudson-, 181. Cass, Florence Chase-, 43, 49, 102, 136, 171, 196. Catalogue, 78, 91, 100, 101, 107, 111, 136, 197. Catt, Carrie Chapman-, 99. Central Illinois Alumnae Club, 145. Chapter Houses, 100. Chapter names, 32, 96. Charter, 78, 96, 103. Chi Chapter of I. C., 34. Chi Omega, 110. Chicago Chapter, 92. Church, Gertrude Clark Sober-, 135, 185. Cincinnati Alumnae Club, 145. Clifton, Lela Gray-, 48. Coat-of-arms, 109, 208. Clarinda, Iowa, 65. Clark, Anna Ross-, 131. Clark, Edna A., 101, 171. Clark, Sarah Bancroft-, 184. Clarke, Cora Ross-, 183. Cleveland Alumnae Club, 146. Coe College, Cedar Rapids. Iowa, 63. Colorado Alpha, 35. Colorado Beta, 36. Colors of Pi Beta Phi, 93, 124. Columbia Alpha, 37. Columbia Alumnae Club, 146. Conrow, Emma Hutchinson-, 185. Constitution, 20, 91, 93, 94, 97, 98, 100, 101, 104, 107. Convention, 72, 75, 78, 81, 84, 102, 106, 114. Convention Funds, 94. Convention Guide, 113. Cook, Fannie K. Read-, 106, 135, 136, 171, 185. "Cookie Shine," 95, 99, 103, 105, 106, 115, 211. Cooper, Lillie, 91, 169. Craighead, Elizabeth, 221. Culver, Elizabeth K., 41, 43. Cunningham, Imogen, 219. Curryer, Ethel Rous, 108, 188. Custer Nell (Mrs. Swisher), 93, 94. Custodian of the Pin, 84, 93. Dallas (Texas) Alumnae Club. 147. Davidson, Jessie, 42. INDEX 267 Dawley, Gertrude, 181. Dayton, Hattie Cochran-Robin- son-, 181, 182. Dearborn Seminary, 63, 72. Decatur (111.) Alumnae Club, 147. Delegates to Convention, 76. 78, 81. Delta Delta Delta, 102, 233, 234. Delta Gamma, 102, 105, 110, 233, 234. Delta Omega, 130. Delta Tau Delta, 19. Delta Theta Psi, 49. Denver Alumnae Club, 147. Des Moines Alumnae Club, 66, 147. Detroit Alumnae Club, 148. Dickinson College, 45. Disney, Jennie Hardin-, 63. Ditmars, Marie, 149, 248. Drake University, 65. Droke, Mary Inez, 221. Drury College, 51. Drybread, May Copeland-Rey- nolds-, 37, 40, 100, 108, 110, 136, 170, 172. Dunning, Frances, 49. Dutton, Loretta Smedley-, 184. Elliott, Carrie Dorr-, 182. Epsilon Chapter of I. C., 62. Evans, Sude Weaver-, 97, 98, 99, 135, 165, 170. Examinations, Annual, 103. Examination of pledges, 114. Extension Committee, 82. Ewing, Mrs. James W., 61. Fairfield Chapter of I. C., 66. 130. Farnsworth, Charlotte Allen-. 46, 104, 171. Feyetteville (Ark.) Alumnae Club, 148. Fellowships, 217. Ferrier, Deborah L., 200. Field, Charlotte Shepard-, 187. Flagler, Frances Elizabeth, 96. 97, 100, 170. Florida Alpha, 51. Franklin, Effie June Scott-, 101. Franklin (Ind.) Alumnae Club, 149. Franklin College, 36. Fraternity Booth at World's Fair, 102. " Fraternity " takes place "Sorosis," 100. Founders' Day, 100. Founders of Pi Beta Phi, 19, 71. Frye, Roberta, 46, 199 (see Watt). Gamble, Elizabeth, 45, 46, 102. 105, 106, 107, 110, 113, 171, 172. Gamma Chapter of I. C., 32. Gamma Epsilon Delta, 48. Gamma Omega Chapter of I. C., 67. Gamma Phi Beta, 105, 233, 234. Gaynor, Jessie Smith-, 204. George Washington University. 37. Gladson, Mrs. W. N., 48. Goddess of Pi Beta Phi, 124. Goucher College, 43. Grand Alphas, or Conventions, 72, 74, 75, 77, 78, 89, 90, 91. 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 101. Grand Council, 78, 81, 104, 108, 109. Grand Historian, 80, 107. Grand Officers, 169. Grand President, 104. Grand Secretary, 104. Grand Treasurer, 104, 116. Grand Vice-President, 83, 105. 106, 135. Gregg, Love, 62. Griest, Katherine, 199, 200. Griffith, Ida Greeley Smith-, 45, 104, 105, 171. Grip of Fraternity, 20. Grosvenor, Grace, 42, 43, 104. Guide, 80, 83, 104, 108. Haddock, Emma Humphrey-, 165, 181. Hamilton, Ethel B. Allen-, 104, 171, 178, 179, 203. Hammond, Edith, 207. Harris, Mary, 135, 245. 268 INDEX Harrison, Emily Brooks-, 165. Harrison, Maude S., 61. Harshbarger, Dema, 246. Hastings College, 61. Hazelton, Anna S., 135. Hazelton, Lillie S., 132. Heberd, Grace Raymond, 49. Hefter, Celia, 92. Helmick, Elizabeth Clarke-, 117, 173, 246. Hillsdale Alumnae Club, 149. Hillsdale College, 36. Historical Sketch, 107. Historical Study, 103. Holland, Bertha, 43. Holt House, 20. Hood, Loretta, 40. Hoover, Tola, 91, 169. Home, Jennie (Mrs. Turnbull), 19, 58, 107, 169. Houston Alumnae Club, 149. Howard, Lela, 204. Howard, Rena Reynolds-, 35. Huber, Lucy Parker-, 184. Hubbs, Julia Ferris-, 95, 170. Hulley, Eloise Mayham-, 51. Humphrey, Jean Oliver-, 94, 170. Hurlburt, Ada, 44. Hutchinson, Mary S., 135. I. C. Sorosis, 19, 79, 95, 97. Illinois Alpha, 58. Illinois Beta, 33. Illinois Gamma, 63. Illinois Delta, 35. Illinois Epsilon, 40. Illinois Zeta, 42. Illinois Eta, 49. Illinois Wesleyan College, 62, 90. Incorporation, 80, 165. Indiana Alpha, 36. Indiana Beta, 39. Indiana Gamma, 43. Indianola, Iowa, 79, 90, 92, 95. Indianola Alumnae Club, 150. Indianapolis Alumnae Club, 150, Ingersoll, Edith, 103, 171. Initiation, 93, 98, 102. Iota Chapter of I. C., 33, 195. Iowa Agricultural College, 91. Iowa Alpha of I. C., 32, 76. Iowa Beta, 33, 34, 75, 91, 195. Iowa City Chapter of I. C., 67, 92, 130. Iowa City Convention, 93. Iowa City Alumnae Club, 150. Iowa Gamma, 34. Iowa Iota, 67. Iowa Theta, 66, 73. Iowa Kappa, 101. Iowa Lambda, 65. Iowa State College, 34. Iowa State University, 34. Iowa State Normal School, 65. Iowa Wesleyan University, 25, 32, 76, 89, 90. Iowa Zeta, 34, 101. Jacksonville, Illinois, 92. Jacksonville Female Academy, 60, 72. Janvier, Celeste, 48, 111, 112, 115, 172. Johnson, Elsie Bradford-, 104, 105, 171. Johnson, Kate Walker-, 113. Johnson, Mary Cooper-, 113. Jones, Sadie Young-, 65. Kansas Alpha, 33, 211. Kansas City Alumnae Club, 150. Kansas State University, 33, 90, 91. Kappa Alpha Theta, 73, 101, 110, 233, 234. Kappa Kappa Gamma, 25, 73, 96, 110, 112, 233. Kappa Omega of I. C., 67. Kappa Tau Tau, 46. Keller, May Lansfield, 47, 49, 51, 53, 61, 112, 113, 114, 116, 117, 172, 173, 246. Kelley, Edna McElravy-Smal- ley-, 183. Kerns, Cora E. Marlowe-, 112, 136, 172. Kimball, Martha Nutter-, 106, 108, 110, 172. Kinzie, Sue Miles, 178. INDEX 269 Knapp, Mrs. Herman, 100. Knox College, 35. Lamb, Elizabeth, 43. Lamb, Helen, 43. Lambda Chapter of I. C., 33, 58, 63, 75, 195. Lambda Omega, 130. Lamson, Flora Blackburn-, 61. Lamson, Maud Hicks-, 135. Langmaid, Abbie B., 247. Lansing, Mae, 41. Laramie Alumnae Club, 152. Lardner, Lida Burkhard-, 52, 117, 136, 173. Law, Ethel, 96. Lawrence, Kansas, 94, 99, 131. Lawrence Chapter, 92, 93. Lawrence Alumnae Chapter, 67, 150. Leech, Belle Re Qua-, 79, 95, 96. 170, 177. Lewis, Anna Lena, 39. Lewis, Susan, 103, 104, 105, 106, 108, 171, 172. Lewisburg Alumnae Club, 150. Light, Laura, 91, 169. Lincoln Alumnae Club, 152. Literary Bureau, 82, 100. Loan Funds, 217, 222. Lombard University, 33, 90, 92. 93. Lord, Nannie Thompson-, 63. Los Angeles Alumnae Club, 152. Louisiana Alpha, 38, 99, 103. Louisiana Alpha Alumnae Club, 152. Louisville (Ky.) Alumnae Club. 152. Lukens, Viola, 203. Luther, Martha P., 44. Madden, Emma, 90, 169. Madison Alumnae Club, 153. Mahler, Eva Elliott-, 181, 182. Maris, Lucy, 39. Martin, Elizabeth Cook-, 34. Marvin, Josephine March-, 179. Maryland Alpha, 43. Mashek, Anna L., 45. Massachusetts Alpha, 43. Maxwell, Helen, 196. McClanahan, Nettie Braiden-, 63. McDowell, Flora Housel-, 64. McHenry, Olive, 101, 171. McLaughlin, Anna, 96. Means, Clara Poehler-, 179. Membership in Pi Phi, 104, 111. Merriman, Mrs. E. N., 48. Michigan Alpha, 36, 196. Michigan Beta, 37. Middfeton, Elizabeth, 39. Miller, Kate B., 118, 246. Milliken University, James, 49. Minnesota Alpha, 38. Minneapolis and St. Paul Alumnae Club, 153. Missouri Alpha, 44. Missouri Beta, 47. Missouri Gamma, 51. Monmouth College, 19, 58, 74, 75, 76, 89, 90, 91, 92. Moor, Lillie M. Selby-, 61, 181. Moore, Rose, 19, 58, 89. Morgan, Dell Gillette-, 145, 247. Motto, 79, 80, 93, 95, 97. Mt. Pleasant Alumnae Chapter of I. C., 67, 91, 130. Mt. Pleasant Alumnae Club, 153. Mt. Pleasant Chapter, 92. Mt. Pleasant Female Seminary. 59, 72, 90. Mu Beta Fraternity, 52. Mu Chapter of I. C., 34. Name of Fraternity, 100. National Conventions, 136. 1st and 2d, 89. 3d and 4th, 90. 5th, 91. 6th, 92. 7th, 93. 8th, 94. 9th, 95. 10th, 96. llth, 98. 12th, 99. 13th, 101. 14th, 102. 15th, 103. 16th, 104. 270 INDEX 17th, 105. 18th, 106. 19th, 108. 20th, 110. 21st, 113. 22nd, 115. National Organization, 21. Nebraska Beta, 41, 61, 115. Nebraska Methodist College, 64. Nebraska Wesleyan University, 64. Newcomb College, H. Sophie, 38. Newsom, Ona H. Payne-, 101. New York Alpha, 42. New York Alumnae Club, 154. New York Beta, 46. New York Gamma, 52. Nickerson, Anna Robinson-, 113. Nicol, Jennie, 19, 89. Norris, Dr. Phoebe R., 101, 135. Northern California Alumnae Club, 154. Northern New York Alumnae Club, 154. Northwestern University, 40. Nu Chapter of I. C., 35, 65. Ohio Alpha, 37. Ohio Beta, 40. Ohio Gamma, 61. Ohio State University, 40. Oklahoma Alpha, 48. Oklahoma Alumnae Club, 154. Omega Chapter of I. C., 35, 66. Omega Gamma Sigma, 54. Omicron Chapter of I. C., 65, 73. Onken, Amy Burnham, 117, 173. Ontario Alpha, 47. Oquawka Convention, 31, 72, 89. Ottumwa Chapter of I. C., 66. Ottumwa Convention, 79. Pallas Athenae, 98. Cora Panabaker, 92, 93, 169. Pan-Hellenic Conventions, 109, 233. Pardoe, Lizzie Guthrie-, 60. Patroness' Pin, 109, 112. Patton, Emma, 90, 91, 169. Peery, Bessie, 183. Pella College, 59. Pennsylvania Alpha, 39. Pennsylvania Beta, 41. Pennsylvania Gamma, 45. Phi Delta Theta, 96, 99. Phi Gamma Delta, 19, 98. Phi Psi, 95, 96. Philadelphia Alumnae Club, 155. Phillips, Luella Vance-, 61. Pi Beta Phi Fraternity, 97, 98, 109, 114, 116, 118, 123, 124, 142, 145, 148, 182, 207. Birth, 19. First Meeting, 20. First Constitution, 20, 21. Grip, 20. Second Meeting, 20. National Organization, 21. Badge, 21. First Officers, 21. Change of name, 80, 97. Pittsburgh Alumnae Club, 155. Plank, Elva, 79, 93, 95, 96, 97, 169. Plans for Organization, 77, 93. Policy, 109, 111, 114. Pollard, Mary 0., 247, 248. Portland Alumnae Club, 156. Preston, Kate F., 31, 62, 71, 90. Province Organizations, 84, 98. 99, 102, 116. Province Presidents, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 110, 113, 115. Province Reunions or Conven- tions, 83, 101. Province Secretaries, 111, 115, 117. Province Vice-Presidents, 84, 116, 117. Psi Chapter of I. C., 60. Quaintance, Adaline M., 41. Recognition pin, 116, 123. Reisinger, Blanche G., 142. Reynolds, Belle T., 41. Rho Chapter of I. C., 63. INDEX 271 Rhode Island Alumnae Club, 156. Richards, Louise Parks-, 59. Richardson, Sara, 31, 33, 211. Ricketts, Minnie H. Newby-, 37, 38, 80, 98, 99, 100, 101, 170. Ried, Mary Thompson-, 135, 183. Ritual, 98, 101. Robert's Rules of Order, 96. Robinson, Eileen M. Weaver-, 217, 218. Robinson, Ella Ham-, 182, 183. Robinson, Florence P., 105, 106, 108, 110, 113, 171, 172, 185, 186, 187, 189. Rochester Alumnae Club, 156. Rogers, Julia E., 114, 172, 245. Roll of Active Chapters, 11. Roll of Inactive Chapters, 14. Rowell, Georgiana, 99, 170, 189. Rowell, Jennie L., 223. Rugg, Sarah Gertrude Pome- roy-, 112, 116, 117, 172, 173, 189, 190, 219, 220. St. Joseph Alumnae Club, 157. St. Lawrence University, 52. St. Louis Alumnae Club, 158. Salaries of Grand Officers, 114, 136 Scholarships, 109, 111, 114, 217. Scholarship, The Lucinda Smith -Buchan, 151. Seattle Alumnae Club, 157. Shannon, Mary E., 204. Sherwood, Florence, 42. Shover, Esther Fay, 188. Sigma Chapter of I. C., 60. Simpson College, 33, 75, 91, 92. Sioux City Alumnae Club, 156. Sioux Falls Alumnae Club, 156. Sisson, Grace Lass-, 40, 42, 43, 44, 46, 101, 102, 103, 104, 171. Small, Rainie Adamson-, 36, 79, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 123, 165, 170. Smith, Elda L., 47, 61, 108, 110, 112, 116, 172. Smith, Elizabeth Church, 41, 203. Smith, Ina B. (Mrs. Soule), 19, 58. Smith, Lelia Lane-, 135. Sober, Gertrude Clark-, 41, 186. Song Book, 101. Sparks, Sarah F., 135. Spokane Alumnae Club, 158. Springfield Alumnae Club, 158. State Institute, (Bloomington, Ind.), 62, 90. State Organizations, 77, 92. Statutes, 107. Steel, Alice Johnson-, 65. Stern, Amelia Alpiner-, 104. Sterrett, Mary, 90, 169. Sterrett, Sarah M., 135. Stetson University, J. B., 51. Stidger, Helena Dorr-, 35. Stine, Corinne Super-, 100, 101, 171, 195. Stock, Leah, 149, 248. Stuart, Anne, 117, 173, 204. Sturgis, Annis, 44. Sutliff, Addie, 36. Sutliff, Helen B., 36, 41, 99, 100, 101, 102, 170, 171, 183. Swisher, Nell Custer-, 93, 94. 169, 170, 178. Sylvester, Alice Pierce-, 135, 185. Syracuse Alumnae Club, 158. Syracuse University, 42. Tannahill, Anna Lytle-, 50. Tau Beta, 46. Tau Chapter at Galesburg, 35, 63. Texas Alpha, 45. Theiss, Mary Bartol-, 45, 46, 105, 106, 108, 112, 115, 116, 171, 172, 189, 190, 197, 203. Theta Chapter of I. C., 62. Thompson, Fannie A., 19, 58, 89. Titles of General Officers, 74, 76, 78, 80, 91. Toledo Alumnae Club, 159. Tomlinson, Emma, 65. Topeka Alumnae Club, 159. 272 INDEX Toronto Alumnae Club, 159. Tourtellotte, Louise, 49. Travelling Delegate, 83, 104, 107. Tri City Alumnae Club, 160. Troth, Mira, 79, 100, 170, 182, 183. Tulsa Alumnae Club, 160. Turner, Emma Harper, 37, 83, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 133, 134, 136, 165, 170, 245. Tuthill, Addie Dickey-, 181. Tyler, Zuell Preston-, 39. Undergraduate Loan Fund, 114, 116. University of Arkansas, 48. University of Colorado, 35. University of Denver, 36. University of Illinois, 42. University of Indiana, 39. University of Michigan, 37. University of Missouri, 44. University of Ohio, 61. University of Oklahoma, 48. University of Texas, 45. University of Toronto, 47. University of Vermont, 44. University of Washington, 46. University of Wisconsin, 41. University of Wyoming, 49. Upsilon Chapter of I. C., 35. Valet, Edith, 200. Vance, Laurie Light-, 101. Vermont Alpha, 40. Vermont Beta, 44. Virginia Alpha, 51. Von Hoist, Lucy Hammond-, 247. Von Hon, Ida, 196. Waco Alumnae Club, 161. Wadsworth, Mary Mathilda. 217, 218. Walfenden, Florence E., 183. Wallace, Prude Kibbon-, 59. Waller, Miriam Prindle-, 135. 186. Walls, M. Annette Jones-, 60. Ware, Loe Mary, 43. Washington Alpha, 46. Washington Alumnae Club, 114, 160. Washington Beta, 50. Washington State College. (Pullman), 50. Washington University, (Seat- tle), 47. Watt, Roberta Frye-, 46, 199. Welch, Iva A., 186, 187. Wesleyan College, 60, 94. Western Massachusetts Alum- nae Club, 161. "What a Fraternity Girl Thinks," 184. Whistle of Pi Beta Phi, 125. Whitenack, Fannie B. (Mrs. Libby), 19, 20, 58, 107. Widner, Dessie, 35. Wilson, Edith, 149, 248. Wilson, Elmira, 223. Wilson, Estaline, 221, 222. Wilson, Mary Badger, 218, 219. Wing, Emma Livingston, 94, 170, 178. Wisconsin Alpha, 41. Woman's Pan-Hellenic Con- gress, 82. Woodman, Sophie P., 172, 173, 189. Wooster Alumnae Club, 161. World's Columbian Exposition, 82. Wright, Mary L. Burton-, 38. Wyoming Alpha, 49. Xi Tau, 47. Yell of Pi Beta Phi, 125. York Alumnae Club, 162. Young, Margaret, 248. Zeppenfeld, Jeannette, 110, 112 172. Zeta Chapter of I. C., 59. Zeta Omega Chapter of I. C. : 66, 73. RETURN CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT 202 Main Library LOAN PERIOD 1 HOME USE 2 Nf-\| 3 r 4 RL r> ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS Renewals and Recharges may be made 4 days prior to the due date. Books may be Renewed by calling 642-3405. DUE AS STAMPED BELOW DEC161< 89 L^t-lT J"*llLl II 1 SENT ON ILL APR 2 * ) U. C. BEBKEL EY Nutf 1 ^ } SBC'DMOFITITOCT Z< vi SENT ON ILL MAY 1 6 199; U. C. BgRKELE Y FORM NO. DD6, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY BERKELEY, CA 94720 ' JC 10564 U.C. BERKELEY LIBRARIES C021D71487 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY