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MEMORIAL ADDRESSES 
 
 LIFE AND CHARACTER 
 
 LEWIS Y. BOGY, 
 
 (A SENATOR FROM MISSOURI,) 
 
 DELIVERED IN THE 
 
 L1BH 
 
 L NIVKRS 
 
 SENATE JANUARY 16, 1878, CALIPC 
 
 AND IN THE 
 
 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES JANUARY 23, 1878. 
 
 ITBLISHED BY ORDER OF CONGRESS. 
 
 FORTY-FIFTH CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION. 
 
 WASHINGTON: 
 
 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 
 
 1878. 
 
 \ R 
 
 TV 
 

 
PROCEEDINGS 
 
 SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
ANNOUNCEMENT. 
 
 Mr. COCKKELL. Mr. President, according to notice previ 
 ously given, it now becomes my sad duty formally to announce to 
 the Senate the death of my late colleague, Hon. LEWIS VITAL 
 BOGY, and to ask of the Senate the present consideration of the 
 following resolutions as a mark of respect to his memory : 
 
 Resolved, That the Senate has received with profound sorrow the announcement 
 of the death of Hon. LEWIS V. BOGY, late a Senator of the United States from the 
 State of Missouri. 
 
 Resolved, That, as a mark of respect to the memory of Hon. LEWIS V. BOGY, the 
 business of the Senate be now suspended, that his former associates may pay proper 
 tribute to his public and private virtues. 
 
 Resolved, That, as a further mark of respect for the memory of the deceased, the 
 members of the Senate will wear the usual badge of mourning for thirty days. 
 
 Ordered, That the Secretary communicate these resolutions to the House of Rep 
 resentatives. 
 
 The resolutions were unanimously agreed to. 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF 
 
 .CALIFORNIA. , 
 
 ^P"-" ...~ ....-T" .-- .~. """~ . "T 3E: * 
 
LIBRARY 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF 
 
 CALIFORNIA. 
 
 
 ADDRESSES 
 
 DEATH OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 
 
 Address of Mr. COCKRELL, of Missouri. 
 
 Mr. PRESIDENT : At eleven o clock in the forenoon of September 
 20, 1877, at his family residence, in the city of Saint Louis, sur 
 rounded by his loving, weeping family and devoted, grief-stricken 
 friends, Hon. LEWIS VITAL BOGY, in the sixty-fifth year of his 
 age, departed this life, calmly, painlessly, and in the possession of 
 all his faculties, thus yielding another victory to death, the con 
 quering hero of the human family. 
 
 Again is manifested infallible proof of the truth of the divinely 
 inspired words, "It is appointed unto men once to die." 
 
 LEWIS VITAL BOGY was born on the 9th day of April, in the 
 year 1813, in Sainte Genevieve, now in Sainte Gencvieve County, 
 Missouri, and was a descendant of the early French pioneers who 
 came to that region of country when it belonged to France. 
 
 His father, Joseph Bogy, was born in Kaskaskia, Illinois, and 
 removed to the then Missouri Territory in 1805, and settled in 
 Sainte Geuevieve, then an important town, and married Marie 
 Beauvais, the daughter of Vital Beauvais, and mother of LEWIS 
 VITAL BOGY. 
 
ADDRESS OF MR. COCKRELL ON THE 
 
 Mr. Joseph Bogy was private secretary to Governor Morales 
 under the Spanish dominion over that country, and when Missouri 
 was organized as a Territory became a member of the territorial 
 Legislature, and after Missouri was admitted as a State in the 
 Union became a member of the State Legislature and filled many 
 other positions of trust and confidence. 
 
 In the early youth of LEWIS V. BOGY the French was the lan 
 guage spoken by all the inhabitants of his town, and educational 
 advantages were very limited. Very few persons of this day, born 
 and reared under our present well-organized and widely-spread 
 system of public schools, academies, colleges and universities every 
 where accessible, can realize or appreciate the many obstacles and 
 inconveniences which then beset the pathway and frustrated the 
 efforts of the youth to obtain an education. Under innumerable 
 difficulties and disadvantages LEWIS V. BOGY prosecuted his edu 
 cation in such schools as were then accessible in that new country, 
 manifesting that indomitable will and perseverance which yield to 
 no obstacles however formidable. About 1822 he attended a school 
 in his native town taught by John D. Grafton, from Connecticut. 
 He was then sent to a Catholic school in Perryville, now in Perry 
 County, Missouri, taught by a Swiss, where he remained until 
 attacked by a "white swelling" which confined him to his bed for 
 some eighteen months. He was skillfully treated by Dr. Lewis F. 
 Linn, afterward United States Senator from Missouri, who died on 
 October 31, 1843, while Senator. Dr. Linn was a Senator in the 
 same line or class in which Mr. BOGY afterward became a Senator. 
 
 During this confinement he read constantly, and thus made rapid 
 progress. He was afterward a clerk in a store at a salary of $200 
 per year, under a contract to take out in trade one-half of that 
 salary. By frugality in his habits and economy in expenditure he 
 
LIFE AND CHAEACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 
 
 managed to purchase books and study elementary law, and begin 
 the study of Latin. On January 16, 1832, a young man, with 
 limited education and means, he left his home under charge of Mr. 
 William Shannon, an old friend of his father, to go to Kaskaskia, 
 Illinois, to read law in the office of the late Judge Nathaniel Pope, 
 judge of the United States district court. 
 
 At or prior to this time he had formed the determination to con 
 tinue the study of law and to return to his native State to practice 
 and to qualify himself to become United States Senator from his 
 native State, and to work for this position until he became sixty 
 years old. This determination was communicated to his mother in 
 a letter dated January 16, 1832. He lived to attain the goal of 
 his laudable ambition a few months before the end of his sixtieth 
 year. He studied law under Judge Pope till May, 1832. He 
 then volunteered as a private soldier in the war with the Indians, 
 known as the Black Hawk war, and participated in two hotly con 
 tested engagements. Having served faithfully and gallantly to the 
 close of that war, he returned to Kaskaskia and continued his 
 study of law. In 1833 he became a student in the law school at 
 Lexington, Kentucky, from which he graduated in 1835, with the 
 highest encomiums, having devoted himself to his studies with the 
 most assiduous attention. 
 
 On April 1, 1835, he located in Saint Louis and opened a law 
 office and began his professional career. 
 
 By diligent and close attention to business, and earnest applica 
 tion to study, he soon won distinction and eminence in his profes 
 sion and secured a lucrative practice. 
 
 In 1840 he was elected a member of the General Assembly of 
 the State of Missouri, and, although among the youngest members, 
 if not the youngest, he was an efficient and useful member and 
 
10 ADDRESS OF MR. COCKRELL, ON THE 
 
 served with distinction. In 1849, having acquired large means by 
 his profession, he removed to his native county, Sainte Genevieve, 
 and was the anti-Benton democratic candidate for the Legislature 
 and was defeated. 
 
 Colonel Benton, having failed to secure his re-election to the 
 United States Senate at the next congressional election in 1852, 
 announced himself a candidate for Representative in Congress. 
 LEWIS V. BOGY was nominated as his opponent, and although 
 defeated acquired prestige from his contest with the great Senator, 
 and at the succeeding election in 1854 was elected a member of the 
 General Assembly from his native county and served with marked 
 ability and distinction. In 1863, having returned to Saint Louis, 
 he was the democratic candidate for Congress against the late Senator 
 Francis P. Blair, jr., and Samuel Knox, and was defeated. 
 
 In 1867 he was appointed by the late President Andrew Johnson 
 Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and discharged the duties with signal 
 ability and fidelity for about six months, when, not being confirmed 
 by the Senate, he retired from the office. 
 
 In 1873 he became a candidate for the United States Senate, and 
 having received the caucus nomination by a vote of 64 to 57 for 
 the late distinguished Senator, General Frank P. Blair, was elected 
 over Hon. John B. Henderson, late United States Senator, by a 
 majority of 59 votes, and became the successor of General Blair in 
 this body for the term from March 4, 1873, to March 3, 1879. 
 His career as a Senator in this body is familiar to most of the present 
 Senators. 
 
 Colonel BOGY during his long career occupied a very conspicuous 
 position among the public men of his State, and in addition to the 
 political offices named occupied many important positions of trust 
 and honor. He was president of the Saint Louis and Iron Mount- 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 11 
 
 ain Railroad, president of the Exchange Bank of Saint Louis, 
 commissioner of public schools, member of the city council of Saint 
 Louis, and president of the city council, and, as such, acting mayor 
 in the absence of the mayor. 
 
 The survivors of his family are his wife, Mrs. Pelagie Pratt 
 Bogy, daughter of the late General Bernard Pratt; his son, Joseph 
 Bogy, and his daughter, Mrs. Josephine Noonan. 
 
 The disease which terminated fatally first manifested itself in this 
 city during the last session of the Forty-fourth Congress, and the 
 executive session of the Senate, called upon its close, and was of the 
 character of a low malarial fever. After the adjournment of the 
 Senate in March, 1877, he returned to his home and continued to 
 grow worse. In August, 1877, he visited Colorado with the hope 
 of relief; failing, he returned to Saint Louis and grew steadily 
 weaker until he was forced to confinement in bed. A few days 
 prior to his death the rupture of an abscess of the under or posterior 
 surface of the liver occurred, and for a short time he seemed to 
 grow better when a marked change occurred indicating the rapid 
 approach of death. 
 
 Father Tallon, of Saint Laurence O Toolc s church, administered 
 to him the last sacraments of the Catholic Church, of which he was 
 an earnest member, and about 10 o clock he went to sleep, and at 
 11 o clock, without a sign of pain he passed away as quietly and 
 calmly as if still sleeping. 
 
 The last sad rites were performed on September 22, 1877, and 
 his body was then interred in Calvary cemetery to await the resurrec 
 tion morn. 
 
 Mr. President, this is the third time in the history of Missouri 
 that her Senator during his term of office has died, and these three 
 deaths have all occurred in the same line or class of Senators, which 
 
12 ADDRESS OF MR. COCKRELL ON THE 
 
 began with Senator Barton. Mr. Alexander Buckner, serving in 
 the term beginning March 4, 1831, and ending March 3, 1837, 
 died in the year 1833, during the recess, and was succeeded by Dr. 
 Lewis F. Linn, who served out Mr. Buckner s term, and was his 
 own successor by two re-elections, for the terms ending respectively 
 March 3, 1843, and March 3, 1849, but died in the recess, on Oc 
 tober 31, 1843. Mr. BOGY, in 1873, became a Senator in this same 
 class, and died September 20, 1877, during the recess. 
 
 Mr. BOGY from youth to death displayed an honorable ambition, 
 a strong will, an unyielding perseverance, and a lion-hearted cour 
 age that never failed in the face of the strongest difficulty. In all 
 the relations of life he was " the born gentleman," courteous, gener 
 ous, liberal, and warm-hearted. 
 
 As a son he was dutiful, affectionate, and considerate. As husband 
 and father he was kind, loving, patient, and tender, and doted with 
 strong affection upon his wife and children. 
 
 It is in these sacred relations of life that the true character of 
 man is exemplified, and herein the late Senator BOGY stood pre 
 eminent, and happily realized the truth of the beautiful lines : 
 
 Domestic happiness, thou only bliss 
 Of Taradise that has survived the fall ! 
 Thou art the muse of virtue ; in thine arms 
 She smiles, appearing as in truth she is 
 Heaven-born and destined to the skies again. 
 
 As a citizen he was patriotic and devoted to the Constitution and 
 form of Government, and labored earnestly and zealously for the 
 development of the material interests of his own great and rapidly 
 growing city and State and of our whole country. 
 
 As a public official he recognized that he was the agent and ser 
 vant of the people, and was laborious, diligent, and faithful in the 
 discharge of every trust confided to him and of every obligation 
 imposed upon him. 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 13 
 
 When his eventful career drew to its inevitable close and the 
 labors of his life on earth were ended by the separation of soul and 
 body in temporal death, the people of his native State and of the 
 whole country justly felt and uttered the sentiment, " Well done, 
 thou good and faithful servant." 
 
 Mr. President, I have often heard it stated upon this floor that 
 the Senate of the United States is a continuing body, perpetual in 
 existence, without end of days in law. This may be true as a legal 
 proposition and may tend to divert our attention from a stern fact 
 and an inexorable event, the uncertainty of life and the certainty of 
 death. 
 
 It is therefore proper that we occasionally turn from the thrilling 
 and absorbing themes discussed in this body to contemplate the end 
 of all the living and to realize that 
 
 Life is ever a vapor that appearcth for a little time and then vanishcth away, 
 
 and that 
 
 Man that is born of a woman is of few days and full of trouble. He cometh forth 
 like a flower and is cut down. 
 
 During my short term of service here, now less than three years, 
 the Senate has been called upon to suspend its business that we 
 might pay proper tribute to the public and private virtues of the 
 late Vice-President Henry Wilson, and of the late President and 
 United States Senator from Tennessee, Andrew Johnson, and of the 
 late Senator from Connecticut, Orris S. Ferry, and of the late Sen 
 ator from West Virginia, Allen T. Caperton, and we now pay the 
 same tribute to my late colleague, LEWIS V. BOGY, and to-morrow 
 we will pay the same tribute to the late Senator from Indiana, 
 Oliver P. Morton. We are thus solemnly warned of the truth of 
 the divine utterance : 
 
 Set thine house in order : for thou shalt die, and not live. 
 
14 ADDRESS OF MR. MAXEY ON THE 
 
 It is the dictate of both religion and philosophy that we cherish 
 the memories of departed brother Senators now quietly sleeping in 
 the sepulcher, that universal and venerable teacher which declares 
 to us to-day the same truths which it has for fifty-eight centuries 
 past declared in all climes and in all tongues of the earth, to all 
 classes of people, to the king upon his throne, to the peasant in his 
 hut, to the wise and to the ignorant: 
 
 Our lives are rivers gliding free 
 To that unfathomed boundless sea, 
 The silent grave. 
 
 The lessons which the sepulcher imparts impress us with the mo 
 mentous interests which cluster around life, death, and eternity : 
 
 For none of us liveth to himself, and no man dieth to himself. 
 
 The " Man of Calvary " has lighted the gloom of the sepulcher 
 with the glories of his triumph. We can exclaim : 
 
 O, death, where is thy sting? 
 O, grave, where is thy victory? 
 
 Address of Mr. MAXEY, of Texas. 
 
 Mr. PRESIDENT: LEWIS Y. BOGY was born April 9, 1813, in 
 the Territory (now State) of Missouri, in the County of Sainte 
 Genevieve. He acquired the rudiments of an English education 
 in the schools of the neighborhood, but in the main was educated 
 by his own exertions without an instructor. 
 
 He began the study of law in 1832 with Judge Pope, of Kas- 
 kaskia, Illinois, but suspended his studies to volunteer in the Black 
 Hawk war, and participated in two engagements and was present 
 at the capture of Black Hawk. At the close of the war he resumed 
 his studies under Judge Pope, and in 1835 completed them at 
 Transylvania University, settled in Saint Louis, and began the 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 15 
 
 practice of law at the age of twenty-two years, without aid from 
 fortune or family influence. 
 
 With a robust constitution, temperate habits, a will to succeed, 
 energy, and strict integrity, he laid the foundation of fortune and 
 usefulness and rapidly rose in his profession. He served for a time 
 in the Legislature with credit, and occupied other positions of prom 
 inence, among them commissioner of common schools, in his native 
 State. He was for a time president of the city council of Saint 
 Louis. His most important service to the State, and especially to 
 Saint Louis, was in effectively directing the public mind to the vast 
 importance of developing the wonderful deposits of iron ore in the 
 mountains south of Saint Louis, known as Pilot Knob and Iron 
 Mountain. 
 
 This he began in 1847, and soon drew the attention of sagacious 
 capitalists to this inexhaustible and rich ore. These beds were 
 remote from navigation, and there were then no railroads in that 
 direction. Through his indefatigable exertions companies were 
 formed and a railroad projected and completed from Saint Louis to 
 the iron deposits, giving a new impetus to its enterprise and greatly 
 increasing the city in wealth and population. The Saint Louis and 
 Iron Mountain Railroad has within the last few years been pushed 
 into Texas, and by it and connecting railroads Saint Louis now has 
 all-rail connection with the Gulf of Mexico at Galveston. 
 
 He builded better than he knew. 
 
 Mr. BOGY was one of the leading spirits in projecting and estab 
 lishing the great iron founderics near Saint Louis, which have added 
 so greatly to the prosperity of the city. He lent his untiring energy 
 and influence to other enterprises of public advantage. He was a 
 public-spirited man ; one of the men to whom all look to head great 
 enterprises. 
 
16 ADDRESS OP MR. MAXEY ON THE 
 
 He was a splendid type of the rugged old men of the West, fast 
 passing away, who carved thriving States out of a wilderness. 
 Born in the Territory of Missouri soon after it passed from the 
 dominion of Spain to that of France, and then under the jurisdic 
 tion of the United States, he lived to see the sparsely populated 
 Territory of his birth enter the Union as a State under a political 
 excitement never before reached in this country. He lived to see 
 that excitement disappear, and other and graver diiferences appear 
 and disappear, while his native State advanced in wealth and polit 
 ical influence till it had reached, in his day, the very front rank of 
 States. 
 
 Beginning his professional life in Saint Louis just when it was 
 emerging from a French trading-post into a prosperous town, he 
 lived to see it among the leading commercial cities of the Union, 
 with the great Mississippi at its base, spanned by the most splendid 
 bridge in the world. 
 
 Of the enterprise, progress, and prosperity of Missouri and her 
 great metropolis, Mr. BOGY could well have exclaimed, "All of 
 which I saw, and a great part of which I was." 
 
 Mr. BOGY was appointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs in the 
 year 1867, and conducted the complicated business of that impor 
 tant bureau with conspicuous intelligence and fidelity. I doubt if 
 any man was ever at the head of that bureau who so thoroughly 
 as he understood Indian affairs. This was the only office he ever 
 held under the Federal Government. 
 
 He was elected to the Senate by the Legislature of Missouri, and 
 took his seat in this body March 4, 1873. 
 
 As a Senator he was honest, industrious, careful in arriving at 
 his conclusions, and alive to every measure of national importance 
 while never forgetting that he was specially intrusted with what 
 
LIFE AND CHAEACTEK OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 17 
 
 specially concerned Missouri. He frequently took part in debate, 
 was a ready and fluent speaker, reasoned well, and showed without 
 effort that he had read and thought deeply. While unswerving in 
 his party allegiance he was always courteous in debate as well as in 
 social intercourse, and was a popular man in the Senate. 
 
 His last important work as a Senator was as a member of the 
 monetary commission, under the joint resolution of August 15, 
 1876, and upon this duty he entered with all the zeal of his earnest 
 nature. The report of the commission will show how well and 
 faithfully this great and important work was performed. 
 
 Mr. BOGY S health began to fail during the intensely hot weeks 
 closing the first session of the Forty-fourth Congress, and it was 
 never restored, although for months afterward he continued his 
 usual labors ; but finally he was stricken down, and after a linger 
 ing illness he died at his residence in Saint Louis at eleven o clock 
 a. m., September 20, 1877, in the sixty-fifth year of his age. All 
 that the tenderest love of a devoted family and the affection of life 
 long friends could do was done to make smooth the rugged path-way. 
 No man ever died in Saint Louis whose memory received more or 
 higher marks of affectionate esteem than LEWIS VITAL BOGY. 
 
 The resolutions of the large and highly respectable bar of Saint 
 Louis, of which he was so distinguished a member, which I place 
 before the Senate, are as follows : 
 
 Resolved, That we, the members of the bar of Saint Louis, bear witness that 
 LEWIS V. BOGY, during his long career in the profession, was distinguished by a 
 high order of ability and the deportment of a true gentleman. It has been truth 
 fully said of him that he was a "born gentleman ;" that he possessed the virtues of 
 a Christian all will confess who knew him; he was devoted and faithful to every 
 duty or trust in public or private life. Of the kindest disposition, he was also the 
 purest and best of men in his relations to his family and friends. 
 
 Resolved, That in expressing our appreciation of his career in public life we but 
 record the truth of history when we affirm that he was always earnest and consci 
 entious, true to the interests of the people of the entire country, a firm and steadfast 
 friend to the people of the West, and labored with all his zeal and energy to build 
 up the material prosperity of the State and the constituency he represented. 
 
18 ADDRESS OF MR. MAXEY ON THE 
 
 In addition to the respect shown by the members of the bar, who 
 attended his funeral in a body, and by the vast concourse of citizens 
 who followed his remains to their last resting-place, many business 
 and social organizations passed resolutions of respect as a tribute to 
 the memory of Mr. BOGY, not only in Saint Louis, but all over 
 the State, and the press, irrespective of party, rendered merited 
 tribute to the memory of the dead Senator. 
 
 The States of Missouri and Texas had so many interests in com 
 mon that soon after I entered the Senate at the executive session 
 in March, 1875, I was thrown much into companionship with Mr. 
 BOGY, and conferred with him freely, the more so as we were of 
 the same political faith and party, and there sprang up a kindly 
 relation which continued till his death. He was a man of 
 clear judgment and unusually quick perception. His mind was 
 well stored with valuable information. While, as was well said 
 by the Saint Louis bar in their resolutions, "he was a born 
 gentleman," he possessed in an eminent degree the rugged charac 
 teristics of the western pioneer. Strong in his convictions, with 
 but little of policy, positive and outspoken in his likes and dis 
 likes, fearless in expression and action, honest and true, and every 
 inch a man, he was in his family and social relations gentle as a 
 woman. 
 
 I remember that he was called from the Senate Chamber to the 
 bedside of his dying old mother, at his home in St. Louis. Of this 
 visit and of his great gratification in reaching her bedside before 
 she died, which was but a short time after his arrival, and of the 
 pleasure he felt that she at once recognized him although nearly 
 gone, and of her noble traits of character, he spoke to me quite 
 freely after his return, and I felt that more than forty active years 
 in the great battle of life had neither dried up nor weakened the 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 19 
 
 pure fountain of his filial affection. From that time no man could 
 have shaken my faith in LEWIS V. BOGY. 
 
 I feel sure that every Senator who served with him respected his 
 absolute integrity and that not one ever entertained even a moment 
 ary feeling of unkindness toward him. The kindly traits of his 
 character, his purity of life and purpose, were attested in all the 
 many resolutions passed by bar meetings and societies over the State 
 of Missouri. These noble qualities endeared him to the people of 
 his native State. 
 
 Howe er it be, it seems to me 
 
 "Tis only noble to be good. 
 Kind hearts are more than coronets, 
 
 And simple faith than Norman blood. 
 
 Such is a brief sketch of LEWIS VITAL BOGY. He has left a 
 lasting and good impress on his State, has set a good example here, 
 and did not live in vain. 
 
 Address of Mr. CHRISTIANCY, of Michigan. 
 
 Mr. PRESIDENT: Not a mere sense of propriety, but the high 
 esteem and personal respect which I entertained for the man, impel 
 me to say a few words in commemoration of Senator BOGY, whose 
 voice, once familiar to us here, will be heard no more in this Hall. 
 
 A descendant of the early French settlers, who, under the auspices 
 of France, had established a solid footing in Canada, and spread 
 their scattered settlements in the rear of the English columns, from 
 the great Lakes almost to the Gulf; he retained many of the char 
 acteristics of that people. French was his mother tongue, English 
 an acquired language, which he spoke with less fluency, and always 
 with a pronunciation slightly tinged with the French accent. 
 
20 
 
 ADDRESS OF ME. CHRISTIANCY ON THE 
 
 Limited as his early education had been, he overcame its defects 
 by great industry and application neglecting the mere literature 
 and lighter accomplishments of the time, and applying all his ener 
 gies to the acquisition of useful and practical knowledge, which 
 enabled him to meet the real struggle of life; to overcome the 
 obstacles in the pathway of success ; to take advantage of the oppor 
 tunities presented for bettering his condition, and when he could 
 not control, to conform himself to, and make the most of, the cir 
 cumstances by which he was surrounded. Though the law was his 
 profession, and he obtained a good standing at the bar, he did not 
 confine himself to the studies nor to the routine of his profession, 
 but turned his attention to questions of politics and statesmanship ; 
 making himself familiar especially with every branch of knowledge 
 essential to a full understanding of the magnitude, the capabilities, 
 the interests, and the wants of the Great West; and of these few 
 men had more ample knowledge or appreciation. The whole sub 
 ject of the public lands ; the condition, numbers, and character of 
 the Indian tribes ; the Indian treaties ; the intercourse with and the 
 questions of policy toward the Indians ; the character and condition 
 of the frontier settlers, and their interests and wants he had care 
 fully studied, and thoroughly understood. 
 
 He was also a man of action and of enterprise; a pioneer in the 
 system of railroad improvements in his own State, which has done 
 so much to develop the resources of that State and of the States 
 and Territories thence westward to the Pacific. 
 
 As Commissioner of Indian Affairs his policy and all his actions ap 
 pear to have been dictated, not only by a sense of justice, but by a 
 warm kindness for the race and the noblest promptings of humanity. 
 
 He was a man of positive opinions and strong convictions, never 
 shrinking from their avowal, and always ready to maintain them 
 
LIFE. AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 21 
 
 by argument to the utmost of his abilities. As a debater in the 
 popular forum, or in the Senate, he was generally well posted in his 
 facts, and warm and zealous, and even enthusiastic, in argument. 
 With less power of dealing with the abstract than the concrete, he 
 was apt to spend too much of his force in the presentation and dis 
 cussion of details, instead of seizing at once upon the general 
 principles involved in and resulting from them. This naturally led 
 him into a discursive style, and often weakened the real force of his 
 arguments. With too little power of abstraction always to overlook 
 or disregard non-essentials, and to bring out prominently to view 
 the essential principles involved, he could not always readily render 
 the point at which he aimed so prominent and distinct, even to his 
 own vision, as to be able at the first shot to hit exactly the mark, 
 though he generally hit near it, and always finally made up for this 
 want of accuracy of sight and aim by a continuous repetition of his 
 shots till the point was finally struck or worn away and demolished 
 by the constant attrition which had undermined its base. 
 
 Patient, laborious, and persistent in his investigations, he shirked 
 no labor essential to the discharge of his duties, either in the Senate 
 or upon committee. And upon committees especially he exerted all 
 his powers and labored with the utmost fidelity to reach the just 
 and proper result. His sense of justice was strong and clear, and 
 he spared no pains in reaching a just result, and this he seemed 
 often to reach with great accuracy by a kind of intuition without 
 being able to state with logical accuracy the steps of the process by 
 which he had reached it. Personally he was kind, gentle, social, 
 and generous ; and these traits were not factitious nor put on for the 
 occasion, but real and essential attributes of the man himself. 
 Courteous and polite in his intercourse with others, as from his 
 French descent it was but natural for him to be, he never allowed 
 
22 ADDRESS OF MR. CHRISTIANCY ON THE 
 
 his courtesy or politeness to overcome his attachment to truth, nor 
 to repress his condemnation of what he believed to be wrong. 
 
 Born and reared a Catholic, and conforming his faith to the 
 teachings of his church with the confiding trust of a child to the 
 authority of a beloved mother, his mind was untroubled with 
 doubts of his future, and he was not shaken to and fro by the spec 
 ulations of philosophers or metaphysicians whose theories always 
 end in doubt and uncertainty. And if a man can bring himself to 
 that state of unquestioning confidence and trust, though we may 
 not be able to agree with him, who shall say he has not been wise? 
 The solution of this question is not for us, but for Him alone whose 
 field of vision is infinite, while ours is almost infinitely small. 
 
 But though his religious belief was thus settled, he was tolerant 
 of the beliefs and opinions of others. 
 
 Finally, I will say that, notwithstanding our differences of relig 
 ious and political belief, the more I saw of Senator BOGY the more 
 I appreciated the qualities of his head and heart and the more 
 warmly I became attached to him. And when the intelligence of 
 his death reached me, sudden and unexpected as it was, I felt, and 
 still feel, as I believe this Senate feel, a deep sense of bereavement 
 at his loss, as for the loss of a brother. And it is well that we should 
 cherish these sentiments. Entering, as most of us have entered, this 
 Hall after middle life, we must, in the order of nature, expect the 
 hand of Death to be frequently thrust in among us, claiming his 
 own with relentless impartiality. And the tribute of kindly remem 
 brance which we render to-day to one of our number may any day 
 be called forth in behalf of any of us in our turn who yet survive. 
 
 The custom of devoting one day to the memory of each who has 
 been cut down, reviewing their several traits of character with the 
 kindness and impartiality which death can command, but which the 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 23 
 
 conflicts of opinion, the heat and misapprehensions of debate, and 
 the diversities of party views often obscure, naturally tends to make 
 us more kind and lenient in judging of each other s opinions, pur 
 poses, and personal qualities; to promote mutual respect and esteem, 
 and to encourage mutual forbearance and charitable judgments, in 
 spite of all our differences of opinions upon the policies and meas 
 ures of Government, and thus to keep this body what it has long 
 been the most courteous legislative body in the world. 
 
 Address of Mr. JOHNSTON, of Virginia. 
 
 Mr. PRESIDENT: Although I had never seen Mr. BOGY till we 
 met here in the Senate, it early came about that we were thrown 
 much together and became intimate friends. Like most men of 
 strong and striking qualities, he was not without peculiarities of man 
 ner and character, which, looking like blemishes at first, were seen at 
 last to cover genuine virtues. He was decided, bold, and persistent 
 in the formation of his opinion and the expression of his views; 
 and if he seemed sometimes to exhibit what might have been con 
 sidered vehemence, it was only because his convictions were strong. 
 
 In the friendly, almost confidential intercourse in which we in 
 dulged, the real sterling and tender traits of his character were 
 brought to light. He spoke to me often of his children, especially 
 a daughter to whom he seemed to be deeply attached and who died 
 only about a year before him. He was summoned by telegram to 
 visit her sick bed, in expectation that her demise was near at hand. 
 But the journey was long, and before he reached its end a second 
 message informed him of her death. On his return he unbosomed 
 himself to me spoke of her tender devotion to him, her anxiety to 
 see him and obtain his blessing before death parted them, and his 
 
24 ADDEESS OF ME. JOHNSTON ON THE 
 
 own sorrowful heart. And I am fixed in the belief that this great 
 sorrow had much to do in breaking him down, and making him fall 
 an easier victim to the disease of which he died. 
 
 He was a man who was much before the public and held many 
 important trusts. He passed through the ordeal well in every way, 
 for he not only performed the duties of each place with ability and 
 fidelity, but with such zeal, devotion, and honor that he escaped 
 wholly the breath of calumny. He was for some time Commis 
 sioner of Indian Affairs, a position which in our peculiar relations 
 to the Indian tribes, the difficulties attending its honest and efficient 
 execution, the suspicion that attaches to it in the minds of many 
 people, makes it one of the most delicate, difficult, and important 
 offices under the Government. But he did this as he did every 
 thing else, well, and retired with honor and good-will and with a 
 vast store of information very useful to him and the country when 
 he came to occupy a seat upon this floor. 
 
 He was one of the few men who in early life blocked out a career 
 for himself and attained it, for it is well authenticated that while 
 yet young he declared his purpose of reaching the Senate, never lost 
 sight of it, and finally accomplished the object of his ambition. 
 
 Senator BOGY was emphatically a western man. No statesman 
 of the day had given more attention to the country between the 
 Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean than he had. Not that 
 he underestimated the region east of the Mississippi, but he believed 
 that the ultimate seat of empire would be found west of the Mis 
 sissippi, and that in its growth and progress were embraced the 
 greatest growth, wealth, prosperity, and progress of the American 
 people. 
 
 And it is surely true that the great problem of our country, now 
 pressing for solution, exists in that part of the United States. The 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 25 
 
 silver of the Sierras; the Indian tribes, presenting the exceptional 
 condition of a people treated by us partly as citizens and partly as 
 foreigners, living in the same territory with us and yet making 
 treaties with our Government; the Chinese question, so ominous of 
 danger and so hard to deal with; our trade with China, Japan, 
 Australia; the railroads to the Pacific, already constructed and yet 
 to be built all these he had studied practically and thoroughly, 
 especially that great Indian problem, so hard and yet so necessary 
 to solve. He knew the customs, habits, and peculiarities of all the 
 tribes, and had both knowledge and wisdom in dealing with this sub 
 ject, so embarrassing now and likely to be so for years yet to come. 
 And long before the silver question became the absorbing topic it 
 is now, Mr. BOGY was one of the first in either House to perceive 
 its magnitude and public interest. While most of our public men 
 Avere content to know in a general way that gold and silver abounded 
 in the region looking toward the Pacific, he had already acquired 
 accurate and exhaustive knowledge of the whole subject, was a 
 pioneer, and foresaw not only its commercial but its political import 
 ance. That he died pending these great questions is much to be 
 regretted. His counsels would have been valuable to his country, 
 and his death, a public calamity at any time, is doubly so now. 
 
 But, Mr. President, it has pleased Providence to remove him 
 from a sphere of great usefulness, and I can truly pronounce of 
 him what after all is the best eulogy to be pronounced upon any 
 man : that he did his duty honestly through life ; that, being placed 
 in many trying and responsible situations, he came safely through 
 them all ; that he was devoted to his domestic relations, was a useful 
 citizen, a faithful public officer, and a sincere and practical member 
 of the church to which he belonged. And these things being said 
 with truth, what more need or should be said? 
 
26 ADDEESS OF ME. KEENAN ON THE 
 
 Address of Mr. KERNAN, of New York. 
 
 Mr. PEESIDENT : My personal acquaintance with Senator BOGY 
 was comparatively brief. It began in this Chamber in March, 
 1875. It ended last March, when we parted here with mutual 
 kind wishes. We had become intimate, and that intimacy had 
 grown into friendship. I respected and esteemed him. I mourn 
 his loss, and willingly unite in this tribute of respect to his char 
 acter and memory. 
 
 Mr. BOGY was an honest, honorable man. As a member of the 
 Legislature of Missouri, and as Commissioner of Indian Affairs in 
 1867 and 1868, he discharged his duties with ability and fidelity 
 to the trusts committed to his charge. 
 
 As a member of this body he was attentive to all his duties and 
 diligent in performing them. He was watchful and laborious to 
 protect the rights and promote the interest of the State he repre 
 sented, and to promote the prosperity and welfare of the entire 
 Union. He possessed much and varied knowledge, and was a ready 
 and forcible debater. His party feelings were strong but he did 
 not permit them to swerve him from doing that which he believed 
 to be right and for the public good. By his death the State of 
 Missouri has lost an able and conscientious representative, and this 
 body an intelligent, useful, and patriotic member. 
 
 In private life he was a genial and most agreeable companion, a 
 warm and sincere friend. No one could hear him talk, as he often 
 did, of his mother, of the neighbors among whom he lived in boy 
 hood, of the parish priest who taught him the rudiments of the 
 Latin language, of his wife and children, without being impressed 
 that he was an affectionate son, husband, and father. 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 27 
 
 He was a member of the Catholic Church, and firmly believed 
 the creed of that church. He professed and practiced his own faith 
 free from bigotry or uncharitableness toward others. 
 
 Mr. President, the death of our friend illustrates the uncertainty 
 of life, the certainty of death. It is another of the admonitions 
 which we almost daily receive, that we should strive to so live that 
 we may be at all times prepared to meet our Creator and our Judge. 
 I trust he was so prepared. Sincerely mourning his death, I, in 
 accordance with that faith which we both held, earnestly pray that 
 his spirit may rest in peace. 
 
 Address of Mr. MERRIMON, of North Carolina. 
 
 Mr. PRESIDENT, I made the acquaintance of the late Senator 
 BOGY when he first entered this Chamber as a Senator. From that 
 time until his death our relations were friendly, agreeable, and 
 cordial. We sat near each other. I observed his course of action, 
 conversed much and freely with him, and came to know him very 
 well as a member of this body. 
 
 Mr. BOGY possessed far more than ordinary capacities. His 
 educational training may not have been thorough or liberal I 
 know not how this was but his intellectual powers were in large 
 measure well developed. It will not be claimed that he had acquired 
 great learning; he had, however, read extensively and treasured 
 much from his reading and reflection. He had considerable expe 
 rience in affairs ; his observation was large, particularly on practical 
 subjects; he was virtually inclined to be practical in his course of 
 thought and action. He thought well and strongly and generally 
 reached accurate conclusions. 
 
28 ADDRESS OF MR. MERRIMON ON THE 
 
 He had a generous nature; he was frank, affable, and sincere; 
 sincere in his friendships and in all he said and did. He had inde 
 pendence of thought and action, and expressed his opinions freely ; 
 he scorned intrigue and circumvention. 
 
 He was courageous; quick to resent and repel insult and injury; 
 free and prompt to forgive when reparation was tendered. 
 
 He had a warm heart, and his affections were deep and tender. 
 In this connection may I be pardoned for venturing to refer to an 
 event that I believe hurried him to his grave. On an occasion 
 several months before his death he was called home on account of 
 the illness of a member of his family. A favorite daughter, very 
 dear to him, died ; and ever after that his heart seemed to be over 
 burdened by the deepest sorrow. Sitting near me, oftentimes, he 
 would turn to me and speak in tender and touching terms of his 
 departed daughter; of the sweetness of her nature; of the noble 
 qualities of her mind and heart. It seemed to afford him a melan 
 choly pleasure to recount her virtues. This sad affliction weighed 
 down his spirits, and, I thought at the time, affected his health. 
 He constantly complained of bodily illness of which he could not 
 rid himself. May we hope that his departed soul has rejoined the 
 sweet spirit of that daughter in a better world. 
 
 Mr. BOGY was a sincere patriot; he loved his whole country; he 
 deplored the late civil war and the conflicts of passions, sectional 
 jealousies, animosities, and hatreds growing out of it. He warmly 
 sympathized with the people of the South in their struggles for 
 restoration to constitutional rights and wholesome government, and 
 earnestly desired the complete restoration of the Union in spirit as 
 well as name. 
 
 No Senator could be more devoted to his State and people than 
 he was to the State and people of Missouri. He was ever watchful 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 29 
 
 of their interests, rights, and honors, and served them faithfully. 
 He believed that State destined to become in most respects the great 
 State of the Union, and Saint Louis the central and greatest city of 
 the Mississippi Valley. He experienced pleasure in contemplating 
 their increasing growth of population, industries, and commerce in 
 coming years. 
 
 He took a deep interest in the western section of our country 
 in the advancement of its civilization and the development of its 
 material interests. He was the warm friend and advocate of every 
 measure which in his judgment looked to that end. And in this 
 connection he was not unmindful of the Indians, their rights, their 
 wants, and necessities, as well as the most effective means to protect 
 the white people against savage treachery, plunder, and barbarity. 
 He indulged no false sentimentality on this subject, but advocated 
 a just, firm, and rigid line of action as best calculated to benefit and 
 protect the Indians as well as the white people. 
 
 I think it may be said that Mr. BOGY was in most respects a fair 
 type of the western man. He was bold ; full of energy, enterprise, 
 industry, and self-reliance. He was neither a brilliant nor a sensa 
 tional man, in the common acception of these terms. He was not 
 ostentatious in his deportment or speech, but he was earnest, and 
 belonged to that other class of useful men who look at the substance 
 of things, and who by constant thought, industrious effort in con 
 versation, in committee, and in the Senate, quietly mold and mature 
 measures that affect, direct, and control the interests and destinies 
 of the Government and the people. He was neither little, narrow- 
 minded, nor niggardly in his views of government and measures of 
 public policy. On the contrary, he entertained broad, comprehen 
 sive, liberal, and catholic views on these subjects. He was the warm 
 friend of every legitimate industry, wherever found, in the borders 
 
30 ADDRESS OF MR. SARGENT ON THE 
 
 of our country, and all measures looking to the encouragement of 
 the same. He took a deep and anxious interest in every effort to 
 restore, enlarge, and extend our commerce, not only domestic but 
 in every quarter of the world, and especially in South America and 
 the East Indies. Nothing calculated to advance and secure these 
 great ends escaped his observation or failed to receive in some way 
 his support. 
 
 Mr. BOGY was a distinguished citizen of his State and the Union, 
 and in a large, important, and honorable sense, a useful Senator, 
 who reflected credit on himself, his State, and our common country. 
 
 I experience sad pleasure in making these imperfect references to 
 some of the many excellent features of his character, and other some 
 of his meritorious deeds. I do not pretend that he was free from 
 the imperfections, weaknesses, perhaps vices, common to human 
 nature; like the generality of mankind he had his faults. 
 
 But his labors are ended, his term of this life is over; the inter 
 ests, the wealth, the blandishments, and the honors of this world 
 have ceased forever to be interesting to him. These things cannot 
 affect or awaken him from the cold slumbers of the grave. His 
 spirit has gone to meet his Maker and experience the realities of 
 eternal things. Let us profit by his example; let us avoid and for 
 get his faults ; let us remember his virtues and imitate and emulate 
 his good, his noble deeds. 
 
 Address of Mr. SARGENT, of California. 
 
 Mr. PRESIDENT: I will detain the Senate to add but a few words 
 to these tributes to our departed associate and friend. I remember 
 the suddenness with which came to me the announcement of his 
 death. At the close of the previous session of Congress, anticipating 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OP LEWIS V. BOGY. 31 
 
 an extra session early in the summer and fearing that I might be 
 detained at my distant home, I had arranged a pair with him on 
 political questions. I remember that he spoke pleasantly of meet- 
 ins: me at this December session, if not before. Alas, before the 
 
 O f 9 
 
 extra session came he was summoned hence, to be hero no more 
 forever. Thus uncertain is life. Thus death constantly invades 
 even this narrow circle, thins our numbers, and reminds us that 
 no gravity of employment, no eminence of station, no interest, 
 public or private, can arrest its fateful decrees. 
 
 We are such stuff 
 
 As dreams are made of, and our little life 
 Is rounded with a sleep. 
 
 Mr. BOGY had improved by cultivation more than by ordinary 
 natural gifts. His intellectual processes were rapid and exhaustive. 
 His mind teemed with suggestions in support of his convictions. 
 He was most positive in his opinions, bold and uncompromising in 
 uttering them; a strong partisan of a radical school. He was 
 always armed, ready to defend his party and attack its opponents. 
 But I think the record of debates and the memory of Senators will 
 be taxed in vain to find an instance where he was discourteous to a 
 brother Senator, or where he showed that the collision of debate 
 had excited him to anger against his opponent here. His inter 
 course with his associates on this floor showed that a man of warm 
 feelings and strong partisanship, while maintaining the extremest 
 points of his political creed, may have a friendship for and enjoy 
 the friendship of those most opposed to his views. 
 
 It is well that this should be so. We are here from constituencies 
 as diverse in opinion as location. The friction of every strong pas 
 sion in the country is here felt. Opinions are constantly expressed 
 here that are the natural outgrowth of sections of the country, which 
 
32 ADDRESS OF MR. ARMSTRONG ON THE 
 
 seem most strange, even abhorrent, to Senators who represent other 
 parts of the country. Our national domain is broad and our interests 
 diverse, often conflicting, and party zeal differs in intensity and 
 direction in different localities. All these conditions inspire our 
 debates and lead to diverse views. But we learn tolerance of each 
 other s opinions and utterances by our long-continued association 
 here, and that the Senator extreme in his partyism of any shade may 
 be kind and courteous in feeling, self-respecting and respecting the 
 rights of his peers. 
 
 Such was our deceased friend in his intercourse with Senators. 
 From the proximity of the seats which we occupied I was much in 
 contact with him, and learned to appreciate his real goodness of 
 heart and his constant courtesy, while generally differing from his 
 views and utterances upon public men, measures, and policy. 
 
 Address of Mr. ARMSTRONG, of Missouri. 
 
 Mr. PRESIDENT : The grave seals the lips of unfriendly criticism, 
 and should also close them against the hypocrisy of indiscriminate 
 laudation. In the few remarks I have to offer on this mournful 
 occasion it will be my purpose to briefly sketch the history of my 
 lamented friend, with whom I have been intimately acquainted 
 for more than thirty-five years pointing to features of his character 
 and such acts of his life as should teach useful lessons to the living, 
 and make his memory dear to his countrymen. 
 
 LEWIS VITAL BOGY was born in the town of Sainte Genevieve, 
 Sainte Genevieve County, Missouri, on the 9th day of April, 1813. 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 33 
 
 His father was a Canadian Frenchman one of the successors of the 
 brave Marquette, La Salle, and Laclede one of the race of hardy 
 pioneers who pitched the tents of civilization on the shores of the 
 great lakes and along the banks of the Illinois and Mississippi 
 Rivers. 
 
 Like almost every other youth in the western wilderness at that 
 day, young BOGY gathered the rudiments of an English education 
 in the primitive log school-house of the times, and supplemented 
 this by careful and presevering study at home. 
 
 He spent some of his early days as a clerk in a country store for 
 the purpose of acquiring means to enable him to prepare for a pro 
 fessional career. 
 
 In 1832 he commenced the study of law in the office of Nathaniel 
 Pope, judge of the United States district court, at Kaskaskia, Illi 
 nois. Shortly after this period the Black Hawk war broke out, and 
 young BOGY, like nearly every other young man in that region, at 
 once abandoned his favorite pursuits, volunteered as a private soldier, 
 and marched to the front to protect our widely extended and then 
 sparsely settled frontier. Returning after an honorable discharge, 
 he completed his legal studies at the law school of Transylvania 
 University, Lexington, Kentucky, where he graduated in 1835. 
 He at once began the practice of law in Saint Louis, and his success 
 in this profession led to the accumulation of a handsome fortune. 
 
 In 1840 he was elected to the lower house of the Missouri General 
 Assembly from Saint Louis County as a whig. He took a promi 
 nent part in the proceedings of that body, and was one of its leading 
 members. 
 
 In 1852 he was nominated for Congress in the Saint Louis con 
 gressional district by the democratic party, and was defeated by 
 Colonel Benton who ran independently. 
 
34 ADDJRESS OF MR. ARMSTRONG ON THE 
 
 Having removed from Saint Louis to Sainte Genevieve, in 1854 
 he was elected from that, his native county, to again serve the 
 people as a representative in the General Assembly. That body gave 
 State aid largely for the construction of railroads in Missouri. No 
 man took a more active part in the exciting discussions and inter 
 esting proceedings of the General Assembly, consequent upon the 
 adoption of these measures, or had a more commanding influence 
 upon its legislation, than Colonel BOGY. 
 
 Courteous, considerate, genial, and liberal in his views, even his 
 opponents regretted to differ from him. 
 
 In 1862 he was nominated for Congress a second time in the Saint 
 Louis congressional district ; but amid the throes of the terrible con 
 vulsions of that period no democrat could be elected. The courage 
 and self-control of the leader were not possessed by a majority of 
 his friends; and, after a bold and fearless campaign, he was again 
 defeated. 
 
 In 1866 he was appointed by President Johnson Commissioner of 
 Indian Affairs. He discharged the very laborious duties of that office 
 in so faithful and competent a manner that even his bitterest oppo 
 nents failed to discover any deviation from the strictest rectitude. 
 
 In January, 1873, his highest aspirations were crowned with suc 
 cess, by an election to the United States Senate the distinguished 
 eminence to which his boyish ambition looked forward with a sin 
 gular yet prophetic confidence. 
 
 He died at his family residence in Saint Louis on the 20th day of 
 September, 1877, and now 
 
 " Sleeps the sleep that knows not breaking 1 
 
 in the quiet shades of Calvary Cemetery, in the suburbs of that city. 
 He died, as he had lived, a faithful, trusting, and exemplary 
 
LIFE AND CHAEACTER OP LEWIS V. BOGY. 35 
 
 member of the Catholic Church the church to which his fathers 
 for generations had belonged. 
 
 The remote cause of his death was of an intermittent malarial 
 character, little thought of at first, to which was added the extreme 
 exhaustion consequent on the excitement, mental strain, and over 
 work, imposed by his chivalric idea of the duties he owed to his 
 party and his country on this floor, during the eventful winter of 
 1876 and 1877. 
 
 This, Mr. President, is the brief record of a busy, useful, and not 
 uneventful life. During his whole career he was an earnest advo 
 cate and liberal supporter of all measures that looked to the largest 
 industrial developments of the wonderful mineral and agricultural 
 resources of his native State. Early and late, in sickness and in 
 health, his devotion to these interests knew no abatement, and was 
 proverbial throughout the West. 
 
 He knew that Missouri was the storehouse of vast wealth, both of 
 the soil and of the mine, and that these undeveloped treasures were 
 almost worthless until they could be brought to the markets of the 
 world. He clearly comprehended this, and gave his time, talents, 
 and fortune to inaugurate a system of railways that should stimu 
 late settlements, and furnish transportation facilities to all parts of 
 the State. The network of railways spread over Missouri at this 
 time, and which has done much to make Saint Louis the fourth city 
 in the United States, and raised our State from the sixteenth to the 
 fifth in the Union, is largely indebted to his endeavors and his coun 
 sels for its existence. 
 
 He also spent much time and money in the development of 
 our mineral resources ; and his example, inspiring others, has so ex 
 tended explorations and mining operations as to prove that Missouri 
 has enough iron, lead, and zinc to supply the wants of the world. 
 
36 ADDRESS OF MR. ARMSTRONG ON THE 
 
 He was opposed to all monopolies, and believed in the doctrine 
 that every great community should be self-sustaining, and measur 
 ably independent in all leading industries. Hence he was a firm 
 and earnest friend of manufactures, and proved his faith by his 
 works. His teaching and example were among the influences that 
 have made Saint Louis the third manufacturing city in the United 
 States. 
 
 He fought, Mr. President, the battle of life all the way up-hill, 
 overcoming obstacles, and dispelling opposition, that would have 
 subdued a man of feebler temper. Inspired with a lofty ambition, 
 he sought distinction, not for itself, but that it might render him 
 more serviceable to his State and his country ; and for these he 
 labored with a zeal that never flagged, and a vigilance that never 
 slept. During his life s career, from the stripling on the frontier 
 of the far West to the conscript father in the Senate Chamber, he 
 was always busy, earnest, and indefatigable in the attempt to achieve 
 results beneficial to his fellow-men. 
 
 His personal integrity and his high sense of honor were never 
 questioned. 
 
 Without pretending to the polish of the rhetorician or the arts of 
 the orator, he was earnest and effective in debate, sinking the 
 politician in the patriot, warmly contending for what he deemed 
 right, and like a true statesman, working for the great interests of 
 the people and the good of the whole country. 
 
 Beloved by his relatives, honored by his friends, and respected 
 by his opponents, he filled his place with equal credit to himself and 
 advantage to his State ; and, without towering genius or vaulting 
 ambition, yet 
 
 The elements 
 
 So mix d in him that Nature might stand up 
 And say to all the world, " This was a man! " 
 
LIFE AND CHAEACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 37 
 
 The truth of the following language, used by one who knew him 
 intimately and well, will be vouched for by all his fellow-citizens 
 that had the pleasure of a close acquaintance. 
 
 "The death of Senator BOGY is not only a great loss to Missouri and to the Missis 
 sippi Valley, but it is a public calamity. He was as pure as burnished gold. He 
 was proof against all venal influences. Reaching that degree of confidence among 
 his contemporaries in the Senate, and through the belief in his own powers which 
 experience in a familiar theater of action gives, he was in a condition to render, 
 during the remaining one-third of his term in the Senate, the State, the valley and 
 the Union more statesmanlike services than he before could have done." 
 
 Thus, Mr. President, I have simply and briefly alluded to those 
 points in the character and history of our deceased friend that should 
 be a lesson to the living, inspiring a laudable ambition and stimu 
 lating to successful achievement. 
 
 And here too, as we engrave " rest in peace " on the tomb of my 
 predecessor, comes the note of warning and instruction. As one by 
 one our colleagues pass behind the dark curtain and as day by day 
 we behold the mighty procession moving on, out of the sunlight and 
 starlight into the shadows of the great unknown, there comes the 
 voice of admonition to 
 
 Work while it is day: for the night cometh, when no man can work. 
 
 Mr. President, as a further testimonial of respect to the memory 
 of the deceased, I move that the Senate do now adjourn. 
 
 The motion was agreed to unanimously ; and (at two o clock p. m.) 
 the Senate adjourned. 
 
PEOCEEDINGS 
 
 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 
 
ANNOUNCEMENT. 
 
 MESSAGE FEOM THE SENATE. 
 
 A message was received from the Senate, by Mr. SYMPSON, one 
 of its Clerks, announcing the proceedings of that body on the death 
 of LEWIS V. BOGY, late a Senator from Missouri. 
 
 DEATH OF THE LATE LEWIS V. BOGY. 
 
 The SPEAKER laid the resolutions before the House; and 
 they were read as follows : 
 
 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES, 
 
 January 1G, 1878. 
 
 Resolved, That the Senate has received with profound sorrow tho announcement 
 of the death of Hon. LEWIS V. BOGY, late a Senator of the United States from the 
 State of Missouri. 
 
 Resolved, That, as a mark of respect to the memory of Hon. LEWIS V. BOGY, the 
 business of the Senate be now suspended, that his former associates may pay proper 
 tribute to his public and private virtues. 
 
 Resolved, That, as a further mark of respect for the memory of the deceased, the 
 members of the Senate will wear the usual badge of mourning for thirty days. 
 
 Ordered, That the Secretary communicate these resolutions to the House of Rep 
 resentatives. 
 
 Mr. COLE. I move that these resolutions lie on the table ; and 
 I respectfully give notice that on next Wednesday at three o clock 
 I will call them up. 
 
 The SPEAKER. In the absence of objection it will be so 
 ordered. 
 
WEDNESDAY, January 3, 1878. 
 
 DEATH OF SENATOR BOGY. 
 
 The SPEAKER. The hour of three o clock having been fixed 
 as the time for taking up the resolutions of the Senate in relation 
 to the death of the late Senator BOGY, of Missouri, and that hour 
 having arrived, the Clerk will read the resolutions of the Senate. 
 
 The Clerk read as follows : 
 
 IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES, 
 
 January 10, 1S78. 
 
 Resolved, That the Senate has received with profound sorrow the announcement 
 of the death of Hon. LEWIS V. BOQY, late a Senator of the United States from the 
 State of Missouri. 
 
 Resolved, That, as a mark of respect to the memory of Hon. LEWIS V. BOGY, the 
 business of the Senate be now suspended, that his former associates may pay proper 
 tribute to his public and private virtues. 
 
 Resolved, That, as a further mark of respect to the memory of the deceased, the 
 members of the Senate will wear the usual badge of mourning for thirty days. 
 
 Ordered, That the Secretary communicate these resolutions to the House of Rep 
 resentatives. 
 
ADDRESSES. 
 
 Address of Mr. COLE, of Missouri. 
 
 Mr. SPEAKER : Standing in the dark shadow of a great sorrow it 
 is fitting that there should be a truce to all divisions ; that, meeting 
 to-day upon a common sacred ground, we may with fervent words 
 of unfeigned sorrow repeat the story of a useful life. If there be 
 animosities let them give place to better thoughts. If there be 
 enmities let them depart this sacred spot while here we join clean 
 hands over the grave of the departed one whose deeds, whose words 
 are now the priceless heritage of his countrymen. Thus doing we 
 may pluck from sorrow s crown some precious flower fragrant with 
 the perfumes of a charity which shall sweeten the memories of him 
 we mourn and breathe upon all hearts the impulse toward a better 
 life. 
 
 A generation, Mr. Speaker, has passed away since first I had the 
 pleasure- of meeting LEWIS VITAL, BOGY, then verging toward 
 manhood s prime estate and giving evidence of that leadership to 
 which his genius impelled him, the full fruition of which he after 
 ward realized. In that long acquaintance I trust I learned in some 
 degree to appreciate the excellences which so well adorned his 
 character. Let this then be my apology, if one were needed, for 
 thus detaining you for a few moments that I may express, however 
 imperfectly, those words of sorrow for the loss which our common 
 country has sustained ; as well as endeavor to exalt those virtues 
 which he so happily possessed. 
 
 Nature had endowed our friend with a form of manly dignity 
 and a face of remarkable suavity and impressive benevolence. 
 
 Death found strange beauty on that polished brow and dashed it out. 
 
 (45) 
 
46 ADDEESS OF ME. COLE ON THE 
 
 I need not refer to his remarkably pleasing manners ; they were 
 the admiration of all who met him; added to which his courtly 
 yet modest bearing at once stamped him as the finished American 
 gentleman in every sense. These gifts and graces, so much admired, 
 were supplemented by a mind naturally strong and gifted, and 
 which had been trained not in the halls of academic lore under the 
 ripening touch of learned professors, but in his converse with 
 nature, his contact with men and things, and in the brief hours of 
 study snatched from the intervals of toil and earnest conflict with 
 the events of life. Like so many of our countrymen who have 
 reached great heights of distinction and honor, he, too, toiled up 
 by thorny paths, steep and rugged ways, often almost despairing 
 of reaching the coveted goal, yet always pressing on, if possible to 
 secure the prize. 
 
 The senatorial seat to which he aspired in the day-dreams of 
 youth with patriotic longings, after an almost life-time struggle, at 
 length he gained. Hence, having struggled on and up, the disci 
 pline acquired only the more thoroughly fitted him to sympathize 
 with all in every grade through which he passed. How well, there 
 fore, he filled his place his compeers have not shunned to say, and 
 while to-day they miss his manly form, still more do they miss his 
 wise counsels, sagacious judgment, and intelligent interpretation of 
 the popular will. 
 
 His industry was of the highest type, work was his natural ele 
 ment, and his busy brain was apparently tireless in the tasks to 
 Avhich he addressed himself in his public duties. 
 
 His fidelity to his convictions was simply the exhibition of that 
 remarkable integrity of character which adorned his life and shed 
 upon it a light of unfading luster. This same characteristic gave 
 strength to his public life, inspired confidence in all who came under 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 47 
 
 his influence, and gave him a remarkable power over not only his 
 own political associates, but also over his opponents. 
 
 I would not, Mr. Speaker, wish to lift the veil of sanctified do 
 mestic life or peer within the portals of that home now shrouded in 
 sorrow; but allow me to say it was the home of joy, of confidence, of 
 affection, as beautiful and pure as earth possessed. 
 
 To the Father of all we would commend this deeply stricken 
 household. The loving words and tender acts of human sympathy 
 are too feeble to reach the deep and painful grief caused by the re 
 moval of one so loved, so honored, in the home which he cherished 
 with such tender affection. 
 
 To sum up the character of our friend would be to say that in 
 him we find the wise counsellor and advocate, the high-minded, in 
 telligent merchant, banker, and manufacturer, the statesman at once 
 fearless and independent, incorruptible and patriotic. 
 
 In the immediate family connection we behold the devoted son, 
 the tender brother, the fond father, the loving husband. As a friend, 
 steadfast and immovable, careful, considerate, and obliging. 
 
 "With all these virtues, however, he, too, must bow to that sure 
 fate which is the lot of all. That pale-faced messenger which hangs 
 upon our pathway cannot be appeased by accomplishments, either 
 of person or mind, however beautiful or illustrious. 
 
 While to be able to say these things with truthfulness in some 
 measure mitigates the sorrow for our loss and lends encouragement 
 for us to imitate him in their acquirement, at the same time it 
 teaches how great the loss his friends, his family, and his country 
 have sustained. 
 
 May the lessons of his life inspire us with higher resolves, more 
 fervent aspirations for usefulness, stronger desires for the attainment 
 of excellences of character. May his death admonish us that life 
 
48 ADDRESS OF MR. WADDELL ON THE 
 
 is the span of man s activities, and that whatsoever the hand findeth 
 to do we should do it with our might, that it may be said of us, as 
 we say of him, he did what he could. 
 
 Life s a debtor to the grave. 
 
 Dark lattice, letting in eternal day. 
 
 Time speeds us each with swift and tireless flight toward the land 
 of shadows and forgetfulness. Whatever may be said or thought 
 of us when life s transient day is o er, may it be our lot to leave 
 behind the heritage of a good name, the legacy of a life well spent, 
 and to reach 
 
 That shore 
 Where storms are hushed, where tempests never rage ; 
 
 Where angry skies and blackening seas no more 
 With gusty strength their roaring warfare wage; 
 
 By them its peaceful margents shall be trod, 
 Their home be heaven, and their friend be God. 
 
 Address of Mr. WADDELL, of North Carolina. 
 
 Mr. SPEAKER : Forty-six years ago a youth of nineteen years of 
 age, whose opportunities for advancement had been very few, whose 
 means were scant, and whose prospects seemed to be in no degree 
 flattering, wrote a letter to his mother, to whom he was devoted 
 throughout his life, in which he expressed a determination to repre 
 sent his native State of Missouri in the Senate of the United States 
 before he was sixty years old. It was regarded as only the utter 
 ance of a youthful dreamer whose castle in the air would soon 
 vanish before the blighting blast of adversity ; but there was in the 
 boy what fighters call " the staying quality," and it soon began to 
 develop itself. Passing through the Black Hawk war as a private 
 soldier, he studied law, and in 1835 stepped well-shod into that 
 highway along which cluster most abundantly public honors in this 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 49 
 
 country. Advancing rapidly and gathering fortune as he went, 
 but encountering frequently defeat and disappointment, he kept his 
 gaze fixed upon the goal of his youth, and finally, before the close 
 of his sixtieth year, wrote his name in the other end of this Capitol 
 LEWIS V. BOGY, Senator from Missouri. 
 
 What a lesson is here ! I come not to speak the language which 
 so fittingly becomes surviving friendship on an occasion like this, 
 for it was not my privilege to enjoy that relation in an especial 
 manner toward him who " has fallen asleep." I am performing an 
 office of respect and friendship for the living, upon whose sugges 
 tion I speak; and in the discharge of this duty, while yielding 
 homage to the many virtues, private and public, which all unite in 
 ascribing to him, this remarkable exhibition of dauntless courage 
 and tireless devotion throughout a long life to the attainment of a 
 high and honorable distinction seems to me to be most worthy of 
 comment. It is a record eminently proper to place before the youth 
 of our land for emulation. The spirit which animated him who 
 made it, is the spirit which always has and always will conquer the 
 world. He who possesses it has within him the prime element of 
 greatness, which no obstacle can baffle, no danger appal, and which 
 death can only destroy. Nay, sir, death itself destroys it not, for, 
 stripped of its earthly fetters, it soars immortal toward its home. 
 At no period of our history could the cultivation of this spirit be 
 more wisely urged or its illustration by such examples be more ap 
 propriately alluded to than at this time, when all the depressing 
 and demoralizing influences of prostrate industries and paralyzed 
 commerce are at work among us ; when singleness of purpose, un 
 flagging perseverance toward noble ends, and high moral courage 
 are so sorely needed. These were the characteristics which marked 
 the life of the dead Senator. Let us imitate them. 
 
50 ADDRESS OF MR. HATCHER ON THE 
 
 Mr. Speaker, since you and I came for the first time to take our 
 places in this Chamber there have been a score of seats made vacant 
 by the rider of the pale horse. He has reaped a rich harvest in the 
 splendid halls of this building. 
 
 To the past go more dead faces 
 
 Every year ; 
 As the loved leave vacant places, 
 
 Every year. 
 
 Standing here and reflecting upon these things, let us heed the 
 noble utterance of one of our immortal countrymen: " Duty is 
 the sublimest word in our language." These ceremonies may soon 
 be performed for you and me; and, if so, our friends can pay us no 
 higher tribute than to say that here and everywhere we did our duty. 
 
 Yes, the shores of life are shifting, 
 
 Every year, 
 And we are seaward drifting, 
 
 Every year. 
 
 Old places, changing, fret us, 
 The living more forget us, 
 There are fewer to regret us, 
 
 Every year. 
 
 But the truer life draws nigher, 
 
 Every year, 
 And its morning star climbs higher, 
 
 Every year ; 
 
 Earth s hold on us grows slighter, 
 And the heavy burden lighter, 
 And the dawn immortal brighter, 
 Every year. 
 
 Address of Mr. HATCHER, of Missouri. 
 
 Mr. SPEAKER: It is fitting that I should pay my humble tribute 
 to the memory of the distinguished Senator from Missouri, who, 
 since our last assembling, has been called to his long home. 
 
 I represent the district in which he was born. Sixty-four years 
 ago, in the old town of Sainte Genevieve, his eyes first opened to the 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 51 
 
 light of day; and, sir, I do not in the least exceed the language of 
 sober truth when I declare that there was not a resident of that ven 
 erable old hamlet who did not feel in the loss of Senator BOGY a 
 personal bereavement. He had endeared himself to her people by 
 a youth full of promise, a middle age of abundant enterprise and 
 activity, in which they profited, and, later, by an official prominence 
 which they seemed in one sense to share. 
 
 They mourned a man whom they knew, a man of honorable aspi 
 rations, of well-tempered ambition, of ingrained honesty, of stead 
 fastness to friends, and incapable of doing intentional wrong even 
 to an enemy. 
 
 Sainte Genevieve has given to the country many names that have 
 been written high upon the tablet of fame names that the nation 
 delights to honor and will continue through all time to revere. I 
 have only time to recall such as have served in this or the other 
 House of Congress. 
 
 Commencing with John Scott, who for twelve years was a Dele 
 gate and Representative in this House from the Territory and State 
 of Missouri; Governor Henry Dodge, who came to Sainte Genevieve, 
 then the most prominent settlement of the new Territory, a mere 
 boy. He served in and was a hero of both the war of 1812 and 
 the Black Hawk war, one of the most sanguinary of our Indian 
 conflicts. Governor Dodge was a delegate from the Territory of 
 Wisconsin, afterward its governor, and when largely by his efforts 
 the State was admitted into the Union he became its first Senator, 
 serving in that capacity for nine years. 
 
 General Augustus C. Dodge was also born in Sainte Genevieve. 
 He was the first delegate to Congress from the new Territory of 
 Iowa, its first Senator, and afterward our minister to Spain. 
 
 Dr. Lewis F. Linn, who came to Sainte Genevieve with his half- 
 
52 ADDRESS OF ME. HATCHER ON THE 
 
 brother, Governor Dodge, when but an infant, and lived there until 
 his death, served for ten years as Senator from Missouri, being 
 elected the last time by the unanimous vote of her Legislature. 
 
 Ex-senator George W. Jones, who emigrated to Sainte Genevieve 
 when a lad six years of age, was educated with Senator BOGY, and 
 served as the last delegate in Congress from Michigan Territory, 
 and was for twelve years a Senator from Iowa. 
 
 Enjoying both the example and confidence of these distinguished 
 men it is not strange that Senator BOGY in his mere youth should 
 determine to attain to an eminence as marked as theirs ; a determina 
 tion which with characteristic candor he committed to writing and 
 intrusted to a mother s kind and affectionate care. 
 
 In this renowned village, a village still, but which at the date of 
 Senator BOGY S birth bid fair to be the metropolis of the great 
 West, on the 9th day of April, 1813, our deceased friend was born. 
 
 He has fought the good fight, he has finished the race, and we 
 who survive him have assembled to do honor to his memory. All 
 that is mortal of him has been consigned by loving hands to the 
 old burying-ground at Saint Louis, where he now rests encircled by 
 all but two of his children ; but his example lives to inspire us to 
 worthier purposes and greater efforts. I do not claim for Senator 
 BOGY that he outranked in fame and reputation the distinguished 
 names I have recalled ; viewed in the light of what he accomplished 
 it can hardly be asserted that he did. And yet, sir, I am sure that 
 had his term of public service extended over as long a period he 
 would have builded a reputation second to that of no other public 
 man of the last quarter of a century. His gifts were not of a 
 showy order; on the contrary, they were solid, and of the highest 
 value to his constituency and the nation at large. 
 
 When he came to the Senate in 1873 he was entirely inexpe- 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 53 
 
 rienced in legislative labors. More than thirty years ago he was for 
 a brief period a member of his State assembly, and since that time 
 lie had been employed almost exclusively in practical business life ; 
 and yet, sir, such was his facility of adaptation, so prominent his 
 sturdy sense, his devotion to principle, his candor, and so marked 
 his determination and ability to master the duties of his high posi 
 tion, that almost insensibly, and certainly without exciting opposi 
 tion or inspiring envy, he steadily grew in the estimation and ap 
 preciation of his associates until he became, before half his term 
 had expired, to be relied on as safe guide and counsellor, and was 
 intrusted by his party associates with the gravest responsibilities. 
 
 There was nothing of accident about all this. Those who knew 
 him when the rather unexpected news of his election was first made 
 known, confidently predicted the result that followed. They are 
 not less secure in the belief that had his life been spared he would 
 have steadily advanced to the first rank of statesmanship. 
 
 What he did he did with his whole heart, might, mind, and 
 strength. From the moment he entered Congress he devoted 
 himself exclusively to the interests of his constituents, neglecting 
 a large private business to the great detriment if not to the ruin of 
 his personal fortune. He knew no other way. From the dull 
 routine of the committee-rooms or other arduous duties connected 
 with his honorable position his associates will testify he never 
 attempted to escape. 
 
 During the period of vacation, when his friends pleaded with 
 him to take the rest they felt he so much needed, he still labored 
 untiringly. Through the entire presidential campaign, although 
 most eager to participate in the advocacy of principles which he 
 felt must triumph if the nation was to live, he nevertheless followed 
 the plain path of duty, spending his entire vacation in a laborious 
 
54 ADDRESS OF MB. PHILLIPS ON THE 
 
 examination of the silver question, which had been assigned by the 
 Senate to a mixed commission, of which he was made a member. 
 
 Had he even so much as evaded this single task and taken an 
 ocean voyage, as advised by his physicians, it is the opinion of his 
 friends that he would have been restored to the robust health which 
 was then attacked for the first time by the malaria of this latitude. 
 As he lived he died, discharging to the last, and with his best 
 efforts, the duties imposed on him. And when the summons came, 
 dreadful to all but him, serenely he laid down the burden of life 
 and passed through the shadow of the valley. There were no un 
 manly repinings, no complaints of opportunities neglected, of wasted 
 time, of lost occasions. With a calm confidence in the sure reward 
 that awaited him, he folded up the book of life and bound it with 
 the golden clasp of faith in a glorious immortality. To us he is 
 no more. To these halls and to our councils he is forevermore a 
 stranger. The places that have known him once shall know him 
 no more forever. Nothing is left but his memory and example. 
 Long shall we of his native State cherish the one and emulate the 
 other. 
 
 Address of Mr. PHILLIPS, of Kansas. 
 
 Mr. SPEAKER : There are occasions in life which, like the mile 
 stones on the highway, make us pause to measure the road we have 
 passed, and to estimate that which may be before us. Death 
 appeals to our sensibilities and rebukes our prejudices. Can any 
 thing so inevitable be considered a calamity. There is no misfor 
 tune in death save when it snaps in two what might have been a 
 long and honorable life. Death is sometimes attended by horrible 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 55 
 
 and appalling circumstances, but there is nothing in death or its 
 worst surroundings so truly appalling as a useless, purposeless life. 
 To-day Congress pauses in its work ; the great law-making mill, 
 grinding nerve and brain, comes to a halt. It stops to pay a tribute 
 to a dead Senator ; to speak of him. Who was he? "What was he? 
 He represented a great State, the neighbor of my own. Under our 
 representative form of government he was the chosen voice for a 
 million and a half of people. Who shall say he was an inconse 
 quential thing or an accident. He was selected for something. 
 That something, like himself, makes part of our history not 
 unworthy of the high place they held. The dead Senator of whom 
 we speak to-day was the most distinctive, clear-cut type of one of 
 the most remarkable elements that have blended in modern Amer 
 ican civilization. 
 
 Two hundred years ago a young Frenchman left the outposts of 
 the French settlements on the Lakes, and entering the Mississippi 
 Valley by the Wisconsin River, explored the father of waters. 
 The great valley lay like a sealed book to the enterprise and genius 
 of the European. Long centuries before ancient civilizations had 
 made that valley resound to their feet. They had passed away and 
 nothing remained of them save myth and legend, and those vast 
 mounds where they worshipped God under the symbols of fire and 
 the sun. The rains and storms of centuries had beat upon them 
 but not washed them away, and now great forest trees clung to 
 them as if to consecrate them with the hoary beard of father Tune. 
 Who were the builders? What were they? Over the fairy land 
 scape bands of wandering nomads roved. Their fathers had blotted 
 out an ancient agricultural race in blood, long, long ago, and now 
 they flitted about like the ghosts of better things Ishmaelites who 
 had no abiding place and left no mark upon the earth. 
 
56 ADDRESS OF MR. PHILLIPS ON THE 
 
 The great eye of a sleepless God was upon it. With the infinite 
 beneficence that said, "Let there be light," he decreed that once 
 more the grandest valley in all the world should be the home of 
 myriads of happy men and women. 
 
 Father James Marquette, a young Frenchman of aristocratic 
 family, born on the banks of the Oise, educated in the bosom of 
 the church, devoted to the society of Jesus ere he reached man s 
 estate, the inspirations of his mind seem to have grasped the genius 
 and self-sacrifice of Loyola. It is not necessary to suppose he 
 could have comprehended the great results of the forms of society 
 of which he was the beginning. Cole in his imaginative paintings, 
 the voyage of life, depicts a youth gliding down the river of time, 
 drinking in the ever new and changeful landscape on its banks. 
 It is a dream of a wonderful voyage, but not so wonderful as the 
 voyage of Marquette. It was a new world, and this was its first 
 day. He glided by the mouth of many a river that has now hun 
 dreds of towns and cities on its banks. Then a deep sleep had 
 fallen upon it, deeper than that which fell on Adam ere Eve was 
 created. 
 
 Four centuries before another adventurer had entered that valley 
 from the lower end. De Soto had come with the pomp and cir 
 cumstance of war. His hand was against every man, every man s 
 hand against him. He sought another Peru or Mexico to rob. 
 To them God seemed but to have made empires to be the victims 
 of banditti. Discovery was a better title than possession. Avarice 
 was the main-spring, merciless cruelty the fruit. They came flushed 
 with great expectations, and it took years of toil, privation, and 
 suffering to consume and destroy those hopes. Broken in body and 
 spirit, De Soto was buried in the mighty river, and the remnant of 
 his wretched followers were driven out of it by the men of Quegalto. 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 57 
 
 Well might the Indian warriors shout and sing as they drove 
 out the wretched Spaniards ! That victory secured them from the 
 invaders for four generations. One hundred and forty years passed 
 away ere the canoe Marquette floated on the river. He came in a 
 different way. He stood among them without a weapon, the mes 
 senger of the Prince of Peace. He brought European religion and 
 European civilization, and wherever the foot of the Frenchman 
 touched the earth, as from seed sown, French settlements sprung 
 up. He hauled up his pirogue near the spot where the town of 
 Sainte Genevieve now stands, and there of that race and stock, the 
 subject of these eulogies was born. LEWIS VITAL BOGY was in 
 all things intensely a Frenchman, and yet in every element of his 
 character as intensely the western American. A Frenchman of the 
 better class, educated, nervous, active. He had all the polished 
 urbanity of his race and the gentleness of a woman wedded to the 
 hardy vigor of the frontiersman. Something in the clear, bracing 
 western atmosphere seems to have developed a new type of man. 
 
 The old French settlements had two classes, one of great intellect, 
 vigor, enterprise the Lacledes, Choteaus, Bogys, Menards, Vitals. 
 I need not enumerate; these represented the class. Their names 
 are marked on the geography of the whole western country. There 
 was not a locality too remote for their enterprise and business. 
 There was not a river or lake but echoed to the paddles of their 
 batteaus. There was not an Indian tribe so hostile or barbarous 
 that they were not familiar with them. There was not a mountain 
 gorge inaccessible to their genius and skill. There was not a valley 
 where they did not build trading posts and forts. They represented 
 the best blood of old France, the genius and power of new France. 
 They laid the foundation of a great empire. In its vigorous youth 
 they did their full share in its sterner battles, and as the symmetry 
 
58 ADDRESS OF MR. PHILLIPS ON THE 
 
 of our new forms of society assume their power and grandeur they 
 hold their place, and blend into a broad new Americanism with the 
 fragments of other nationalities, and perhaps the last distinct type 
 that will ever enter the American Congress was LEWIS VITAL BOGY. 
 
 The other element of the early French settlements was the Arca 
 dian peasant. A mixture of Indian inertia and French philosophic 
 simplicity. There was old Kaskaskia, or as we used to call it, 
 "Kasky," Cahoka, Prairie du Rocher, Sainte Genevieve, Vincennes, 
 Cape Girardeau. Well do I remember them all when a boy. I 
 have heard the old Kaskaskians say that after Saint Louis was 
 started the people there came to "Kasky" to buy goods. Ah, 
 these were the happy, primitive days. They cultivated corn in the 
 "big field" where each family had a few acres. They caught wild 
 ponies on the point. They worshipped in a chapel almost as old as 
 Philadelphia, when the bell rang. They celebrated holidays and 
 saints days, and would observe them for any saint kind enough to give 
 them one. Their towns were not laid out after the pattern of a multi 
 plication table. Their lives were not mathematical problems with 
 everything carried and nothing over. They had leisure. They were 
 not ground in the mill of Moloch. They danced in Pewhingi to the 
 music of Rafael Mart, and ran horse-races. Their wants were few, 
 their labors light. They ate, they drank, they danced, and they died. 
 
 There came a change. Those who had founded hamlets and 
 villages were swept away by those who founded cities and great 
 States. "Kasky" lost the seat of government, the county seat. 
 Even the sisters fled from her in the flood of 1844. The energetic 
 and enterprising left for new centers, and "Kasky" and Cahoka 
 became rustier than ever, and existed merely that antiquities might 
 be said to exist in the country. 
 
 Mr. BOGY S father was born in Kaskaskia, but moved to the 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 59 
 
 town of Sainte Genevieve, which is just a few miles distant over 
 the river. In 1766 the left bank of the Mississippi was ceded by 
 France to Britain, and in the war of the Revolution came to the 
 United States. The Spaniards held the country beyond the right 
 bank. The elder Bogy was connected with the most enterprising 
 families in both towns and held responsible positions under the 
 Spanish government. In 1813 LEWIS VITAL BOGY was born. 
 In early life he indicated the thrift and energy which marked his 
 whole career and which are so sadly lacking in the youth of the 
 present day. He began life clerking in a store at a salary of $200 
 a year. Then he went to study law with old Judge Pope, in Kas- 
 kaskia. He came of a stock that might well have been excused for 
 putting on airs. Did he merely loaf around a lawyer s office under 
 pretense of reading law? Old Judge Pope had a coal-bank on 
 Mary s River, a dozen miles or more from Kaskaskia. There the 
 young BOGY went part of his time, superintending the miners and 
 reading the books selected by the judge. It was ride and tie 
 between Sisyphus and Blackstone. I wish the young men of to 
 day would remember these lessons. The man who starts business 
 in that way is very liable to succeed. Afterward he attended the 
 law school at Lexington, Kentucky. 
 
 Entering his career at man s estate he cast his fortune in Saint 
 Louis. He was closely identified with its struggles, growth, pros 
 perity. Nor did he limit his work to the city. He did more than 
 any other man to develop the mineral resources of Missouri, and 
 for these she is chiefly famous. He expended nearly a million of 
 dollars in building the Iron Mountain Railroad. He helped build 
 his State, and it was fitting he should represent her. He carried 
 to public position what he had shown in private life: business 
 habits and a carefully trained legal mind. 
 
60 ADDRESS OF MR. PHILLIPS ON THE 
 
 Since my boyhood I have watched all the great development of 
 the Mississippi Valley. In Saint Louis, not long ago, I left my 
 hotel to walk out on the bridge, that grandest monument of human 
 genius. Its foundations are a hundred feet deep in the channel of 
 the river. Grand in its strength, beautiful in its symmetry, lifted 
 heavenward above the mighty flood, as I stood and looked from its 
 summit 
 
 Visions of things that have long since fled 
 Went over my brain like ghosts of the dead. 
 
 I remembered when a boy I entered that city almost forty years 
 ago. Then when you got to Fourth and Fifth streets you came to 
 bushes, and Choteau s pond was before you. Now I looked over that 
 great city throbbing with the mighty struggle of commercial life. 
 Then I remembered there was not a railroad in that country, and 
 that we struggled in through a mud unparalleled beyond the Amer 
 ican bottom. Now the trains thundered in on twenty railroads, and 
 made everything quiver as they swept over the great bridge. Away 
 down the river lay the fleets of vessels and barges. The banks were 
 environed by elevators, warehouses, wharves. Who planted and 
 reared this commerce? Who built this city? Who developed this 
 power and empire in the Mississippi Valley of which that city is the 
 signet seal? Who were they? What were they? 
 
 My mind was carried back to the primitive days of old Cahoka 
 and Kaskaskia ; to the time when the men of Saint Louis went there 
 to buy goods; back to the time when the scattered French settle 
 ments were all there was of European civilization in the Mississippi 
 Valley; back, back, until I could almost fancy I saw the skiff of 
 Marquette floating down the river. 
 
 Is there value in retrospect? We clutch these fragments close to 
 us while we breathe a prayer for the future of our country and mur- 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 61 
 
 mur : " Yesterday, to-day, and forever." Over the graves of the emi 
 nent dead, of whom these works are but the handwriting, we pause 
 to think. My own State had its troubles with Missouri in their time, 
 and I am too proud of that history to shed any tears on it; but, the 
 past redeemed and sanctified, we stand by the grave to admire and 
 sorrow with our sister State. Gratified at her prosperity, emulous 
 of her enterprise, I for Kansas lay a chaplet of friendship and 
 esteem on the grave of LEWIS VITAL BOGY. 
 
 Address of Mr. KNOTT, of Kentucky. 
 
 A variety of circumstances, Mr. Speaker, seems to render it 
 peculiarly appropriate that I should avail myself of the present 
 mournful occasion to pay a brief but just tribute to the memory of 
 the patriot and statesmen whose public services we would gratefully 
 commemorate and whose private virtues we would embalm forever 
 in the records of our country for the benefit of those who are to 
 succeed us here when we too shall have gone to that undiscovered 
 country from whose bourne no traveler returns. He was not only 
 a native of the State within whose borders, a friendless wanderer, I 
 stepped upon the threshold of manhood, and whose generous people 
 I will remember with gratitude and affection as long as the vital 
 current animates this frame, but as the well-earned reward for a long 
 and busy career of usefulness in her service, his brow was crowned 
 with her brightest honors when touched by the icy finger of death. 
 
 And more than this, it was in my own native State and among 
 those who have repeatedly honored me with a seat on this floor that 
 he fixed the finishing links in his armor and entered upon that 
 long and honorable career of which you have already been told so 
 
62 ADDKESS OF MR. KNOTT ON THE 
 
 eloquently and so truthfully by his colleagues who have preceded me. 
 But more than all, "he was my friend, faithful and just to me." 
 
 My personal acquaintance with Mr. BOGY commenced over 
 twenty years ago, and although the relations between us from that 
 time to the hour of his death were of the most kind and cordial 
 nature, what I would here record concerning the more distinguish 
 ing traits in his character shall be freed as far as possible from the 
 tinge of partial friendship, for I know that even the voice of affec 
 tion cannot "soothe the dull, cold ear of death," and I would scorn 
 to mock the memory of my friend with the language of fulsome 
 adulation which if living he would despise. 
 
 The most striking feature in the character of Mr. BOGY, the one 
 which more than all others distinguished him in his public and pri 
 vate relations in life, the one indeed which furnishes the key to his 
 remarkably successful career, was his earnest, active, unfaltering 
 fealty to duty. "Whether as the school-teacher in the quiet shades 
 of a rural district in Kentucky or the busy lawyer in the teeming 
 metropolis of his native State ; whether as member of the common 
 council of Saint Louis or of the Senate of the United States, what 
 ever duty demanded at his hands he set himself about with all the 
 energy of his nature and all the powers of his mind. 
 
 If duty called him to defend his conscientious convictions of truth 
 and right, whether on the hustings or in the halls of legislation, 
 whatever was the sacrifice to himself, whether triumph lured him 
 with its fascinating laurels or defeat stared him sternly in the face, 
 whatever of time or money or honest effort it might cost, he flung 
 himself boldly into the arena and bore himself bravely and gallantly 
 in the contest. 
 
 This unwavering fealty to duty resulted no doubt from the ardent, 
 impulsive, generous disposition for which he was peculiarly conspic- 
 
LIFE AND CHAEACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 63 
 
 uous, coupled with an exquisite sense of honor which, influenced by 
 a careful religious education, kept his conscience ever singularly 
 sensitive to the various obligations imposed by his public and pri 
 vate associations. 
 
 The same ardent and impulsive temperament, while it imparted 
 the warm glow of devoted affection to his domestic relations, 
 made him the earnest, active, enthusiastic friend, the enterprising, 
 public-spirited citizen, proud of the grandeur and devoted to the 
 progress of his native State, and the Senator whose patriotism com 
 prehended the interests and aspired to promote the prosperity of the 
 entire country. 
 
 He died as he had lived, a faithful, conscientious, consistent 
 member of the Catholic Church, without a single stain upon his 
 escutcheon as a dutiful son, an affectionate husband, a kind and 
 indulgent father, a faithful friend, a generous neighbor, a good 
 citizen, a devoted patriot, an unsullied statesman, an honest man, 
 and a Christian gentleman. 
 
 Address of Mr. SPARKS, of Illinois. 
 
 Mr. SPEAKER: When men die who were dignified by high trusts 
 involving great responsibilities to the public, it is eminently fitting 
 that our eulogies upon them should be marked by a spirit of sincerity 
 and truthfulness. And if there were no elements of character pos 
 sessed by them to arrest attention and command commendation, it 
 were better that they should be protected by the charitable shield 
 of silence. 
 
 Responding cordially to this sentiment and governed by a conscien 
 tious responsibility for my utterances, I deem it a duty to speak in 
 
64 ADDRESS OF MR. SPARKS ON THE 
 
 eulogy of the life and character of the deceased Senator, in respect 
 for whose memory the resolutions now before us were offered. 
 
 I knew him for several years quite well, and know sufficient of 
 his early life and peculiar characteristics to speak with some confi 
 dence of the influences that developed his active and eventful man 
 hood. 
 
 He was a descendant of Illinois ancestors. Of him we have the 
 somewhat astonishing announcement to make that he, a man of sixty- 
 five years of age, was the son of native-born Illinois parents. 
 
 Senator BOGY, according to my estimate of him, was not by nature 
 a great genius, nor was he what is popularly denominated a brilliant 
 or highly cultivated man, and, in my judgment, to attribute these 
 qualities to him would be not only untruthful but do injustice to 
 his memory. 
 
 He was a western man, and possessed in a high degree the peculiar 
 characteristics of a pioneer civilization. Born and reared in the 
 midst of the unbroken wilderness, he was characterized by a rugged, 
 fearless nature that marked him in every stage of life and in every 
 pursuit in which he engaged as a strong, bold, and aggressive actor. 
 
 Such a man could not be confined to precise technical formulas nor 
 brought within the range of severe methodical rules. But in that 
 strength and courage that grasp and solve great practical questions 
 of a public or private character, there were few men in this country 
 his equal. 
 
 In the judgment of those most intimately acquainted with him 
 and of those who cherish his memory most fondly his character was 
 marked mainly by three distinguishing qualities : courage, integrity, 
 and Christian faith. 
 
 As to his courage, no man who ever looked into his eye and caught 
 a gleam of its firm and fixed determination could doubt that its pos- 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 65 
 
 scssor was a man strong in purpose and fearless in execution, one 
 whose objects sustained by conscientious convictions would be as 
 serted with a resolution and intrepidity that no ordinary obstruc 
 tions could defeat. 
 
 His integrity is written upon every page of a long life illustrated 
 by prominent public action and varied and important business enter 
 prises, during the whole course of which, in the language of his suc 
 cessor in the Senate, who had known him intimately for more than 
 a third of a century, " his personal integrity and high sense of honor 
 were never questioned." 
 
 Senator BOGY was also a man of deep and earnest convictions, and 
 these convictions, always formed cautiously and with painstaking 
 care, became to him fixed and lasting rules of action. 
 
 In this connection I propose briefly to speak of his Christian faith. 
 His family were of French origin, and all of them of the Roman 
 Catholic religion. It was, therefore, his inherited faith. Baptized 
 in infancy by a priest of that church and nurtured carefully in child 
 hood by a devout and pious mother, he became ardently devoted to 
 it. In fact, it was in his religion more strongly than elsewhere that 
 we have a striking proof of his strong, inflexible nature. To it he 
 clung with an unyielding tenacity and a sincere and ardent devotion 
 through the whole course of a busy and eventful life. Tolerant always 
 of the opinions of others on all subjects, the special advocate of an 
 unlimited religious toleration, and in all things fully up to the pro 
 gressive age in which he lived, for himself he demanded, as a Christian 
 man, the right to worship God according to his own conscience ; and 
 in the exercise of that right he sought his spiritual guide in the 
 communion of the church that represented the faith of his ancestors. 
 To him a reformation that attacked the dogmas of faith of the 
 universal church was a revolution, which, however kindly his 
 
66 ADDRESS OP ME. SPARKS ON THE 
 
 sympathies might be extended toward the sincere and pious men 
 who proclaimed it, was a source of division and discord, fruitful 
 only of disorganizing and disintegrating influences. 
 
 To him the church of his fathers was really and truly a " rule and 
 guide of faith," and a refuge secure and safe from the storms of 
 rival contentions and of angry disputations. To him it was the ampli 
 fication and ever-existing representatives of the faith of the small 
 circle of humble followers who stood around the Great Master on 
 the borders of the Sea of Galilee and received from His divine lips 
 the exalted Christian commission of unity, sanctity, apostolicity, and 
 catholicity. 
 
 To a man possessed of a moral courage like his and with convic 
 tions such as these, angry protestations and sneering denials were 
 each and all alike unavailing. 
 
 Sir, this is not a fitting place nor appropriate occasion to enter 
 the field of religious controversy to determine whether his faith was 
 wisely or unwisely founded ; but I submit, with much confidence 
 in the favorable judgment of the good men of every creed, that its 
 sincerity and ardent zeal demand the highest admiration. 
 
 Mr. Speaker, I am quite sure that it would be a consolation to 
 us if we could now know that, when the deep shadows of death 
 shall have obscured us, kind friends could then truthfully say that 
 in life we possessed that courage that never quailed in human pres 
 ence; that, panoplied in the strength of an honest manhood, we 
 always asserted and maintained a fearless and undaunted equality ; 
 but that, in the presence of the Great Judge, with head uncovered 
 and heart deeply humbled, we yielded ever the obedience and devo 
 tion of little children. 
 
 Sir, we would like, when that solemn hour comes, that it could 
 be truthfully said of us that, with an unwavering faith and a trust 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 67 
 
 and confidence that no storms could shake, we embarked on the 
 mystic river without a doubt and without a fear as to the bright 
 harbor to be reached on its unseen shore beyond. 
 
 I feel, sir, on this occasion and in this presence, that so far as 
 human knowledge extends, I am warranted in saying this of Sen 
 ator BOGY. 
 
 Address of Mr. THROCKMORTON, of Texas. 
 
 Mr. SPEAKER: As a friend of the lamented Senator whose death 
 we this day deplore, I propose to contribute something that may 
 serve, in a slight degree, to perpetuate in the memory of those who 
 are to come after us the high qualities of head and heart possessed 
 by that good and amiable man. 
 
 As the executive of Texas during a period of the deepest gloom 
 and humiliation of the people, it became my duty to open a corre 
 spondence with the national authorities relative to the Indians on the 
 borders of that State ; that correspondence touching not only the 
 conduct of the wild tribes then making war on our people, but also 
 the condition of small bands who had never lifted their hands 
 against the white race of the country, but who had by their long 
 and sturdy friendship for the white people provoked and brought 
 upon themselves the hatred and deadly enmity of the hostile tribes. 
 
 Senator BOGY was at that time Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 
 and through my correspondence with him my first acquaintance 
 was formed and my first conception of his high qualities of charac 
 ter derived. 
 
 The position held was one of grave responsibility, and its duties 
 then, as now, were both delicate and difficult. The officer charged 
 with the supervision of the relations existing between the Govern- 
 
G8 ADDRESS OF MR. THROCKMORTON ON THE 
 
 rnent and the people of the United States and the aboriginal nations 
 of the country, embracing in the aggregate three hundred thousand 
 souls, distributed into a great number of tribes and scattered along 
 a border extending from Texas to Alaska and covering an area of 
 many thousands of miles, should be possessed of the highest order 
 of administrative ability, coupled with a humane heart and a mind 
 of rare discrimination. Such characteristics I believe belonged to 
 Senator BOGY in an eminent degree. 
 
 The partial acquaintance formed under the circumstances to which 
 I have referred was renewed and ripened when we subsequently met 
 in these halls, he as a Senator and I as a Representative of our re 
 spective States. 
 
 The favorable estimate originally formed of his character was 
 strengthened and confirmed by subsequent personal intercourse and 
 by a somewhat close observation of his career as a public man. 
 
 He exhibited the same fullness and thoroughness of information 
 upon public affairs, the same healthful, sober judgment of public 
 measures, the same appreciation of the wants of the country and 
 tender consideration of the claims of humanity, and the same reso 
 lute and independent discharge of the duties of public trust that I 
 had before ascribed to him. 
 
 In no one degree was I disappointed, but the estimate I had 
 formed of his character was heightened by a personal acquaintance. 
 
 Senator BOGY did not dazzle the country with his eloquence, nor 
 attract attention to himself by sensational utterances or startling 
 departures from the methods of the fathers, but he did impress upon 
 the popular mind broad, generous, and humane views; did enlighten 
 counsel, stimulate hope, and inspire confidence in the fortunes of the 
 Republic by the brave, patient, and hopeful spirit that marked his 
 public life. 
 
LIFE AXD CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 69 
 
 As a public man he was fully alive to the wants of his own State, 
 considerate and thoughtful of the necessities of the great West, an 
 ardent advocate of liberal measures on the part of the General Gov 
 ernment calculated to promote the commerce of the Mississippi Val 
 ley, and warmly advocating such action on the part of the Govern 
 ment as would insure a speedy connection by means of railways 
 between the Mississippi River and the distant States and Territories 
 of the Government. But, ardent as he was in favor of measures 
 promotive of the interests of his own immediate section, his patriot 
 ism and statesmanship were broad and liberal enough to embrace 
 every section of our country. 
 
 He was tenacious of his views, earnest in the advocacy of what 
 he believed to be right, and energetic in whatever he undertook 
 to accomplish. 
 
 Senator BOGY was honest and capable. In his death the National 
 Legislature has lost one of its most industrious and useful members 
 and the country a citizen of the loftiest character, whose intelligent 
 and conscientious discharge of duty entitles him to the love and 
 respect of his countrymen. 
 
 Address of Mr. CLARK, of Missouri. 
 
 Mr. SPEAKER: I should be unmindful of the strong promptings 
 of love for a dead friend and indifferent to the duty I owe to the 
 State which honored Senator BOGY with its highest trust, if I did 
 not avail myself of the privilege of this occasion to testify my 
 appreciation of his private worth and public virtues. 
 
 Senator BOGY was a native Missourian, having been born at the 
 French town of Sainte Genevieve in the year 1813, seven years 
 
70 ADDRESS OF MR. CLARK ON THE 
 
 before the admission of the State of Missouri into the Union. He 
 came of ancestors who settled in the far West more than a hundred 
 years ago. While he was denied the opportunity and advantage 
 of early intellectual training, he inherited that bold, self-reliant, 
 and aspiring manhood which so distinguished those daring voyageurs 
 who conquered the great West from savage dominion and gave it to 
 this generation to refine and build up into the wondrous civilization 
 which the Mississippi Valley presents to-day. 
 
 From this rude and unpromising beginning he began his life- 
 work with the energy and hopefulness of one who aspires to great 
 achievements. When a boy he commenced the rigid system of self- 
 culture and discipline which expanded a mind naturally strong so 
 that he attained in early manhood a breadth and comprehensiveness 
 of mind which made him a marked man in the political struggles 
 of his State and gave promise of his future eminence. He was 
 ambitious to be of service to his country but never a place-hunter, 
 and was frequently chosen by his political friends to lead the forlorn 
 hope of certain defeat, on which occasions he came to the front of 
 battle upholding the banner of his party with a firmness and gal 
 lantry of the trained veteran. He was unusually active in his 
 temperament, and took a deep interest in all that concerned his 
 State, ever on the alert to defeat a policy which menaced the inter 
 ests of his constituents and unflinching in his zeal in the advocacy 
 of all great measures which promised the development of industrial 
 enterprise. 
 
 While he was full of that sweet charity which made him tolerant 
 of the opinions of others, always treating a political opponent with 
 the most refined and princely courtesy, he was lion-like in his cour 
 age and firm as the rock in the conviction that the fundamental 
 principles of his party were the perfection of republican govern- 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 71 
 
 ment, always finding him their consistent and uncompromising ad 
 herent not the blind and blatant adherence of the demagogue, but 
 the earnest, conscientious follower of the convictions of his judg 
 ment. As in private life he acknowledged no higher law than 
 devotion to duty, in political action he knew no higher law than 
 the Constitution of his country, and sought only to satisfy his 
 ambition by a faithful and laborious discharge of the trusts con 
 fided to his keeping. Hence his views of public policy were gen 
 erous, broad, and statesmanlike, looking to the good of his whole 
 country rather than to classes and sections. 
 
 He was not a finished speaker, but a rare and fascinating talker, 
 and never failed to impress his views, both in conversation and de 
 bate, with marked originality and force. With these characteristics 
 he justly earned a national reputation during his short career in the 
 United States Senate as an able and conscientious representative of 
 his State. 
 
 But as his public life and acts have been fully treated of by dis 
 tinguished gentlemen who have preceded me, I turn from that field 
 to the more inviting and congenial theme of his private and social 
 virtues, for it is with these that our dead friend is especially em 
 balmed in our memory. It is a task of love to speak of him as a 
 friend, as a companion as well as a teacher and inspirer of laudable 
 ambitions of his young associates, as the substantial friend of the 
 weak and defenceless, the helper of the helpless, and as one of God s 
 almoners of all the sweet charities of life. 
 
 Few can miss the light of his presence and his unobtrusive coun 
 sel more than myself, who had learned not only to honor the sin 
 cerity of his purpose, his unswerving integrity, his fidelity to friends 
 and convictions, but to love and revere him for his sweet amiability 
 of character, his goodness of heart, his unaifected piety, in short 
 
72 ADDRESS OF MR. CLARK ON THE 
 
 for all those qualities which rescue human nature from the sneers 
 of the bad and cynical. He was a Missourian, proud of the State 
 of his nativity and I justly proud of its confidence in him, always 
 turning with a lover s eyes to the friends who had lifted him from 
 obscurity to the highest honors in their gift. He had a keen sense 
 of honor, with a sovereign and unfeigning contempt for all that 
 was little and mean, and in the fearless loyalty of his heart never 
 deserted a friend. 
 
 But it was with the home-bred charities of the heart, in the sweet 
 retiracy of domestic endearments, that our friend s character chiefly 
 claims our admiration, always returning with ever-increasing relish 
 to the delights and enjoyments of that sacred penetralia where 
 loving wife and children pined for his return. 
 
 When from his stricken associate at Bichmond, Indiana, there 
 reached him in the last days of his tenancy of a sorely-racked body 
 a telegraphic message expressing solicitude to learn that he was im 
 proving, his eye lighted up with a smile of forgiveness and sympa 
 thy as he dictated an assuring response. Both, as it were, clasping 
 forgiving hands on the borders of the unknown, have passed out 
 to the pale realms from which we receive no responses, no tidings. 
 The one, almost for a life-time in the forefront of battle, has been 
 extravagantly praised and censoriously censured. The other, enter 
 ing official life but a few years ago, had but just begun to fulfill 
 the expectancy of watchful friends. 
 
 Opportunity, the handmaid of renown, had waited upon the one, 
 and it was the belief of friends who knew Senator BOGY well in 
 that greatest of arenas, the Senate, he would have found his oppor 
 tunity, had he been spared longer for the battle. Missouri may 
 send men of equal or greater ability to that august body to which 
 she has accredited a Bcnton, a Green, a Linn, and a Geyer, but she 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OP LEWIS V. BOGY. 73 
 
 will never place there a man of purer purpose, of a more exalted 
 conception of his duties and responsibilities as a representative, of a 
 more unbending integrity or unflinching patriotism than he whose 
 loss we deplore, and whose memory we now commemorate. 
 
 Address of Mr. ELLIS, of Louisiana. 
 
 Mr. SPEAKER : The lateness of the hour and the knowledge that 
 others who perhaps can speak more intelligently than myself of the 
 virtues of the illustrious dead are to follow me warns me that I 
 must be brief. These virtues have been recited by tongues far more 
 eloquent than mine. Missouri has come, and from the lips of her 
 distinguished sons, who so well represent her honor and her inter 
 est, has voiced the great woe she feels as she stands to-day above 
 the open-mouthed grave of her illustrious son. Other common 
 wealths have come, neighboring commonwealths, represented by 
 those who knew the illustrious Senator better than myself and have 
 spoken of him words that I wish I might as fittingly speak. But 
 I do not deem it inappropriate that the voice of Louisiana should 
 swell this funeral cry that goes up to-day, and that her tears should 
 mingle with those that are falling upon this bier, for I do remember, 
 sir, that when she was voiceless and silent here, when she was mis 
 represented at the other end of the Capitol, that Senator BOGY, in 
 the hour of her peril and her trial, held with well-nerved arm the 
 segis of the Constitution above her stricken form and spoke brave 
 and great words for her disenthrallment and for her peace. 
 
 Mr. Speaker, it was not my fortune to have known Senator 
 BOGY intimately. When I came here to take my seat among the 
 humblest of the members of the Forty-fourth Congress I met him 
 and had that casual acquaintance with him which the members of 
 
 10 
 
74 ADDRESS OF MR. ELLIS ON THE 
 
 the respective branches of Congress often have where no particular 
 business interests or social opportunities bring them together closely. 
 It was not until the unpleasant prominence into which my State 
 was forced by her peculiar relations to the electoral count and to all 
 the exciting questions growing out of the last Presidential election, 
 and when Senator BOGY appealed to me for some knowledge of her 
 laws and statutes that I knew him well. 
 
 Afterward a measure of great importance to the entire Missis 
 sippi Valley drew us together, and it was then that I learned to 
 measure him and to appreciate him. As briefly as I can, Mr. 
 Speaker, I propose to utter now my estimation of him. As a man 
 I found him frank, brave, and truthful. He was brave enough to 
 stand alone when he believed he was right. When his convic 
 tions and his judgments combined told him that he was right he 
 never counted friends, neither did he number his opposing foes. 
 
 I found him ever honest. I discovered that perhaps from his 
 origin and because of the stirring pioneer scenes and associations of 
 his early life, there was in him that rugged honesty which never 
 would bend to the suple requirements of this late day. I saw, too, 
 the grand and salient features of that Spartan integrity which never 
 could be effaced or toned down from their original proportions. 
 
 Born of French ancestry he was ardent, impulsive, warm-hearted, 
 and enthusiastic; quick to resent an injury, and yet ever ready to 
 forgive when the amende was made. I found him always ready to 
 extend the hand of friendship and kindness to the younger members 
 of this House who gathered about him, and I was indebted to him 
 more than once for much of friendly counsel and advice with 
 regard to my own course. 
 
 The virtues of Senator BOGY, as son, as husband, and as father, 
 have been spoken of here. There is one noble and beautiful trait 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 75 
 
 of his character which it is well for us all to recall and to remem 
 ber ; that which was so eloquently and beautifully alluded to by my 
 friend from North Carolina, [Mr. Waddell,] who has already 
 spoken. It was his love for his mother. Mr. Speaker, it too often 
 happens that we, especially when fortune and fame smile upon us, 
 are apt to forget her who gave us birth, or to think lightly and 
 carelessly of that beautiful dream of our childhood ; to be unmindful 
 of that love which follows us everywhere, which smiles when we 
 smile, which weeps when we weep, which comes to us when sorrow, 
 misfortune, even when guilt or shame may overtake us ; which 
 wraps us in the immortal mantle of her affection, seeing only her 
 child, refusing to believe the appearance or even the proof of guilt. 
 Or if we do not forget, we remember only when the world has 
 grown so dark and life so weary, when there come memories of 
 misspent hours, of wasted time, of neglected opportunities, when 
 innocence and youth seems so far away. In those weary times it 
 is that we call out to her even as we do to God ; that we would 
 bring back this beautiful vision of our childhood, that we would 
 woo her from the shadowy past ; that we confess to her how weary 
 we are of "sowing that others may reap," of "flinging away our 
 soul s wealth," and ask her to take us back to her breast and make 
 us all young and loving and innocent again. 
 
 Senator BOGY never forgot his mother. He kept his promise to 
 her; he realized the pledge of his boyhood, and laid at her feet his 
 commission as United States Senator. To him maternal love was 
 a steady lamp that shone all through his life and was a guide to his 
 footsteps. To him it was a hallowed memory that kept his heart 
 ever fresh, warm, and pure. His devotion to his child has already 
 been spoken of. It is said by those who knew him well that the 
 first sign of his decay in himself occurred after the death of his 
 
76 ADDEESS OF MR. ELLIS OX THE 
 
 beloved daughter. Like a careful gardener who has seen some 
 beautiful plant grow up beneath his care, has noted its petals open 
 and unfold into beautiful maturity, and when it dies he almost, 
 wishes to die with it; and in its decay takes prophetic premonition 
 of his own approaching end ; or like some vine that has clung so 
 closoly about the trunk of the oak until the two lives are absolutely 
 intermingled and interwoven, when torn rudely and violently away 
 it leaves its parent-tree a prey to enemies that turn its strength to 
 decay and wither all its glories. So, when the rude hand of death 
 tore his child away from Senator BOGY S heart, it sent its own fatal 
 chill to the fountain of that great and noble life. 
 
 As a legislator Senator BOGY was a man of large, liberal, and 
 enlightened views. Particularly was he devoted to the interests of 
 the great Mississippi Valley. Surely never did the heart of Israel s 
 prophet kindle at the thought of that Jordan-watered land which 
 had been given by God to him and his children, as a heritage to 
 them forever, more than did the heart of Senator BOGY kindle at 
 the splendid possibilities of that fertile land whoss ribs form the 
 water-sheds of continents, whose chief life-vein is that rushing 
 inland Mississippi sea, whose blood valves are lakes with voice and 
 expanse like oceans ; whose soil is the breast from which the famished 
 nations of the world can gather and draw sustenance. It was to 
 the interests of this valley, to the splendid possibilities of that por 
 tion of our land that his heart ever turned with delight. Particu 
 larly do I remember how he noted carefully the progress made in 
 the improvements at the mouth of the great river. 
 
 I well recall me now with what enthusiasm he talked of the day 
 when, beneath the genius of Eads, the water of that mighty stream 
 should cut the last shackle that binds the imperial West and the 
 majestic South to the car-wheels of insolent monopoly, and free 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 77 
 
 them; when the great brown- winged and black-breasted birds of 
 commerce, no matter how heavily laden, might, from ocean s rugged 
 breast to river s peaceful bosom, come and go, and furl their storm- 
 bronzed wings by the wharves of the great cities that margin the 
 border of the stream. 
 
 How vividly also do I recall his tireless endeavor for the develop 
 ment of our commercial resources. He properly divined the cause 
 of the stagnation of business. He saw with true and just eye why 
 it was that furnace-fires were dying; why it was that industry s 
 strong arm was falling in helpless paralysis, and why, in this land 
 of plenty, there was a cry for bread and labor. He knew that it 
 was the overstimulated productive powers of the country and the 
 inadequate commercial circulation ; and he knew that we must have 
 a market for our surplus products or that stagnation and paralysis 
 would still continue. Therefore he was very urgent in his advocacy 
 of a line of steamers to Brazil ; and he spoke to me of the shame 
 which should mantle the brow of every American that the American 
 flag was almost unknown in the balmy winds of those tropic seas 
 and that the commerce of that rich South American country should 
 be gathered by people who live so far away that the sun never shines 
 on both lands at once, while we, basking in the same sun-bath with 
 those South American states, had no commerce with them and were 
 almost excluded from their ports. It was due to his energy and his 
 tireless perseverance that that measure passed the Senate. And 
 though that measure suffered strangulation in the close grip of this 
 economical House, yet none the less credit is due to the tireless 
 energy, patience, and statesmanlike foresight of Senator BOGY in 
 urging this measure. 
 
 Mr. Speaker, his friends do not claim for him that he was a great 
 orator, yet I remember that once when assailed in the Senate of the 
 
78 ADDEESS OF MR. ELLIS ON THE 
 
 United States he spoke with energy, with truth, with earnestness, 
 with that flash of eye and ring of voice and that enthusiasm of 
 manner which then lifted him almost to the heights of sublime 
 eloquence. Nor do I claim for him that he was one of those Vul- 
 cans, the sturdy ring of whose strokes is heard adown the centuries, 
 beating out great thoughts and great principles. The demands of 
 these times are rather for the earnest, plodding man of detail, the 
 industrious man of detail and of labor, than for the man of daz 
 zling genius. It is harder to be a giant than it was in the days 
 agone. Owen Meredith, in Lucille, has very beautifully and truth 
 fully said: 
 
 The dwarf on the dead giant s shoulders sees more 
 Than the live giant s eye-sight availed to explore. 
 
 The rapid transit of news and intelligence, the easy commingling 
 of remote people, the teeming printing-press, the thousands of books, 
 and the easy acquisition of knowledge have raised the masses. The 
 level of the people is higher and it is more difficult for your giant 
 to appear above the mass than in former days. The demand of 
 these times, as I have said, is for the man of labor, the man of detail, 
 the man of care, the man of method, the man close enough to his 
 people to see their wants and necessities and with the tireless energy 
 to supply those wants and necessities. Senator BOGY was that kind 
 of man; and if he filled full well the measure of his life, if his 
 strength was as his days demanded, then what prouder tribute could 
 be paid to the greatest man in the annals of the race? 
 
 The gifted and tender Dickens, above the grave of a young and 
 lovely being, whose life was all a God-written poem, has said : 
 
 When death strikes down the innocent and young, for every fragile form from 
 which he sets the panting spirit free, a thousand virtues rise in shapes of mercy, 
 love, and truth to walk the earth and bless it. Of every tear that surviving mortals 
 shed o er such green graves some good is born, some guileless nature comes. In the 
 destroyer s pathway there spring up bright creatures that defy his power, and his 
 dark pathway becomes a way of light to heaven. 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 79 
 
 The thought is a very beautiful one ; and if we may extend the 
 spirit of the thought, then, indeed, will not from this grave of Sena 
 tor BOGY arise splendid forms of integrity, impulses of honesty and 
 of truth, of nobility of character that shall be felt by the generations 
 that are to follow? Though dead, will he not speak to the people 
 who are to come after him? 
 
 There is one sweet thought for his friends. About his grave may 
 gather with unfeigned regret (every bitterness vanished, every par 
 tisan feeling gone) men of every race, men of every shade of political 
 opinion, men of all political parties. Mr. Speaker, if he gave hard 
 blows they were always in defense of the Constitution of his coun 
 try or of the weak and the oppressed. No plundered commonwealth 
 stands above his grave to-day with burning memories and with 
 bitter tears feeling how great the burden of that charity which bids 
 them be silent and forbids the impulse to crown his grave with the 
 immortelles of abiding hate. No, no ; above Senator BOGY S grave 
 there lives no bitter thought or memory. 
 
 Mr. Speaker, let us endeavor to emulate his virtue ; let us endeavor 
 to so live that we may hear the call of the Great Reaper even as he 
 heard it, calling us away to the spirit land, and that we may go as 
 he did, "not like the quarry slave, scourged to his dungeon/ but 
 rather 
 
 Like one that wraps the drapery of his couch 
 About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams. 
 
80 ADDRESS OP MR. REA ON THE 
 
 Address of Mr. REA, of Missouri. 
 
 Mr. SPEAKER: The services of this hour furnish material for 
 solemn reflection. 
 
 The nation s Representatives in this Hall to-day render just 
 tribute to the memory of LEWIS VITAL BOGY, late a Senator 
 from the State of Missouri. 
 
 He died at his residence in the city of Saint Louis on the 20th 
 day of September, 1877, in the sixty-fifth year of his age. 
 
 He was born on the 9th day of April, 1813, in Sainte Genevievc, 
 now Sainte Genevieve County, in the State of Missouri, and was 
 of French descent. His opportunities in early life for the acqui 
 sition of an education were meager, but he industriously availed 
 himself of such means of education as the schools in that new coun 
 try afforded. 
 
 He read law in the office of the late Nathaniel Pope, judge of the 
 United States district court, and afterward became a student in the 
 law school at Lexington, Kentucky, where he graduated in 1835. 
 Soon after he had graduated, he opened an office in Saint Louis and 
 entered upon the practice of law with success. 
 
 He held a number of positions of honor and trust in his city and 
 State, and also under the Federal Government prior to his election 
 to the Senate of the United States in 1873, all of which he filled 
 with honor to himself and his country. It is said of him that more 
 than forty years before he was elected Senator he formed the deter 
 mination to qualify himself for the Senate and to work for that end 
 until he arrived at the age of sixty years if necessary to obtain the 
 coveted position. This was a laudable and honorable ambition, and 
 amidst all the vicissitudes and uncertainties of this life he lived to 
 gratify that ambition. 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 81 
 
 Although I lived in the same State with the deceased for about 
 one-third of a century I did not form his personal acquaintance 
 until in the month of February, 1875, when I met him in this city. 
 During the Forty-fourth Congress, while I was a member of this 
 House and he a member of the Senate, he and I became well and 
 intimately acquainted. I often during that time visited his rooms, 
 and always found him agreeable and courteous. The more I be 
 came acquainted with him the more I appreciated his qualities of 
 head and heart. 
 
 I believe he was a patriot and sincerely desired the peace and 
 prosperity of the people, not only of his own State, but of the whole 
 Union. He took a deep interest in public questions and had an 
 opinion upon almost every question. 
 
 In my judgment he was conservative in his political views and 
 was deeply impressed with the necessity of peace and a full resto 
 ration of confidence and good- will between the people of the North 
 and South, under the Constitution and laws, and believed that 
 pacific measures were best calculated to promote the desired end. 
 
 He was a man of more than ordinary ability, with strong convic 
 tions, and was ever quick and ready to defend and maintain those 
 convictions; always bold, but courteous in debate. 
 
 Mr. Speaker, we are reminded upon this occasion of the uncer 
 tainty of life and the certainty of death; of the truth of the inspired 
 words, " it is appointed unto men once to die." To this proposition 
 the minds of all yield a willing assent ; there is no dispute as to its 
 truth. 
 
 The graves of countless millions who have passed beyond the 
 river of life into the valley of death, and the evidences of decay 
 among the living, of those laboring under disease and old age, all 
 verify the universally accepted truth that all men must die. 
 
 11 
 
ADDRESS OF ME. REA ON THE 
 
 The path of life is strewn with innumerable dangers all along 
 its wending way. The enemies and destroyers of human life arc 
 countless, and are concealed in secret ambush all along the journey 
 of life from the cradle to the grave, ever ready to seize upon their 
 victims. 
 
 When we contemplate the innumerable dangers to which our 
 lives have been subjected as we journeyed along, we are terror- 
 stricken and wonder that we are still living. How many hair 
 breadth escapes has each one of us undergone ! Each one can recall 
 many incidents of danger to his life, but it is doubtless true that 
 the life of every individual has been exposed to an innumerable 
 number of dangers that were and are unknown. We are ready 
 to exclaim that in the midst of life we are in death. Death and 
 decay are all around us. 
 
 The living should contemplate the shortness of human life. 
 When they do so they will be admonished that there is no time 
 to be wasted in idleness or in doing that which is worse. Com 
 pare the duration of the life of man with the duration of time as 
 known to the human mind by and through the agencies of 
 history and science, and how infinitesimal it becomes. In an 
 effort to compare the duration of human life with the bound 
 less and illimitable eternity, the human mind is lost in incompre 
 hensibility. 
 
 Oh, how little time there is for man to work. How short the 
 time in this life for the growth of the human mind and the acqui 
 sition of knowledge and wisdom. How short the time for doing 
 good. There is no time for doing evil without irreparable loss. 
 These is no time for idleness and inattention. We are admonished 
 to " work while it is day, for the night cometh when no man can 
 work." In the terse language of Prentiss: 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 83 
 
 There is no appeal for relief from the great law which dooms us to the dust ; we 
 flourish and fade as the leaves of the forest, and the leaves that bloom and wither 
 in a day have no frailer hold upon life than the mightiest monarch that ever shook 
 the earth with his footsteps. Generations of men will appear and disappear as the 
 grass, and the multitude that throngs the world to-day will disappear as the foot 
 steps on the shore. Men seldom tliink of the great event of death until the shadows 
 fall across their own pathway, hiding from their eyes the faces of loved ones whose 
 loving smile was the sunlight of their existence. Death is the antagonist of life, 
 and the cold thought of the tomb is the skeleton of all feasts. We do not want to go 
 through the dark valley, although its dark passage may lead to paradise ; we do not 
 want to lie down in the damp grave, even with princes as bed-fellows. 
 
 In the beautiful language of the poet: 
 
 Our lives are rivers, gliding free 
 To that unfathomed, boundless sea, 
 
 The silent grave. 
 
 Thither all earthly pomp and boast 
 Roll, to be swallowed up and lost 
 
 In one dark wave. 
 
 Mr. Speaker, LEWIS VITAL BOGY is dead. His voice will be 
 heard no more in the other end of this Capitol, neither will his 
 voice again be heard in the social circle, nor in the place most sacred 
 to all the good, the family circle. His lips are sealed in death. His 
 body sleeps in Calvary Cemetery, in the suburbs of the city of 
 Saint Louis. The people of my beloved State mourn his loss. 
 Peace be to his spirit. 
 
 Address of Mr. CRITTENDEN, of Missouri. 
 
 Mr. SPEAKER: Death has invaded the Senate of the United 
 States in two notable instances since the last Congress adjourned. 
 Indiana and Missouri have deeply felt the intrusion, and in their 
 common sorrow have been drawn together as loving mothers to 
 mourn the death of their honored Senators. Death is a common 
 leveler of all. It enters the palace of the rich and the hovel of the 
 
84 ADDRESS OF ME. CRITTENDEN ON THE 
 
 poor with the same indifferent step and the loved ones of such fade 
 away under its touch into the dust of the valley. Senators and 
 statesmen upon whose words millions have hung with eager ears in 
 their fierce forensic combats for fame, for policies, and power, are 
 as unable to resist its mandates as the babe that sleeps in its weak 
 ness upon its mother s bosom. It is the most successful conqueror 
 of all. It awaits the triumph of earth s greatest leaders until the 
 applause of mankind has made its hero drunken with praise, and 
 then by its touch it scatters the weak ones and makes the great and 
 the strong waste away as the morning dew. No mortal was nor 
 will ever be beyond its reach. As the first man, so must the last 
 be obedient to its jurisdiction. AVhenever it appears in this Hall 
 or elsewhere, how deeply hushed is the voice of anger, how still is 
 the pen of censure! 
 
 This is a beautiful trait in human nature. All are willing that 
 the evils done in this life shall be buried in the grave of the dece 
 dent, and his virtues only be left to bloom and blossom over the 
 paths of the living. These two Senators had their faults like man 
 kind in general, were full of the frailties of human nature, yet 
 they each possessed many eminent virtues. In battle they were the 
 fiercest warriors ; in moments of truce they were as calm and gentle 
 toward each other as men of force and gallantry always are. They 
 stood as resolute and uncompromising leaders in the Senate only a 
 few months ago, contending like giants for the great stake of the 
 Presidency, giving and receiving blows that shook our country from 
 verge to center, and almost caused 
 
 Red battle to stamp her foot and nations feel the shock, 
 
 each in all probability incurring the fatal disease in the struggle. 
 And yet, when the controversy was over and the victory won, in 
 the contest of words and law rather than in blood and pain, both 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 85 
 
 retired from the scene, that grand gaudia certaminis, wearied and 
 worn, never to return again. They were friends when in the Sen 
 ate, and greater friends upon their death-beds. The one was con 
 fined during his last illness at Richmond, Indiana, and the other at 
 Saint Louis, Missouri. Each was daily inquisitive about the con 
 dition of the other, and as each grew worse words of comfort and 
 confidence passed by mail and by wire from one to the other. Gov 
 ernor MORTON S last telegram to Senator BOGY was received a few 
 moments after the latter had died, and when so advised, he was 
 deeply aifected and murmured a short prayer for his peaceful rest. 
 Missouri, in the presence of her dead Senator, tenders to Indiana 
 her words of grief and sorrow, and here renews the hope that the 
 elevated friendship that existed between their Senators in life, and 
 so beautifully closed with their deaths, should be but the commence 
 ment of a broader and deeper friendship between the peoples of 
 these two great Western States, so grandly situated for agricultural 
 and commercial purposes, and which are already bound together by 
 so many ties of blood, interest, and commerce. 
 
 Governor MORTON was the extraordinary man of this age. He 
 never followed in anything ; always led with surpassing ability and 
 boldness. His great State will rally around his name as Kentucky 
 does around that of Mr. Clay. When in battle of words, he hit 
 hard licks, as such battles with him meant war and war meant 
 blood. In the social circle he was as kind and gentle as a woman, 
 always pleasing, never provoking. Although directing millions of 
 money he never polluted his fingers with one dollar that did not 
 belong to him. He had great faults, he had great virtues. Peace 
 to OLIVER P. MORTON ! 
 
 Indiana and Missouri are two great factors in national supremacy, 
 located as they are in the center of an immense empire. As the 
 
86 ADDRESS OF MR. CRITTENDEN ON THE 
 
 streams of each mingle together at last in one grand river and are 
 forever lost in that one, diversified although they may once have 
 been in their native States, so may our struggles, our hopes, our 
 interests, at last be centered in our national greatness, and all be 
 richly consummated in a "Union, one and inseparable, now and 
 forever." Castellar, that man of genius and humanity, said in a 
 letter of condolence to Madame Thiers, after the death of her world- 
 renowned husband : 
 
 France loses her first statesman, liberty her most prudent defender, the republic 
 its recognized leader, Europe a glorious name which holds a foremost title on the 
 continent, humanity one of its lights which by their brightness paled the stars of 
 heaven, less luminous than great souls. 
 
 This is the language of human apotheosis unfitted to our age, our 
 people, our country. Yet to-day, over the freshly-made graves of 
 the deceased Senators, there are followers of each who are willing: 
 
 * O 
 
 to reiterate the same language about their deceased leaders. It may 
 be the sentimentalism of love, to a certain extent, from bruised 
 hearts and lacerated feelings poured forth in words of praise in their 
 moments of sorrow. Yet it is not manly to condemn such admira 
 tion, as it is the noblest sentiment of human nature that survives 
 the fall. It is natural to love our dead, whether our own blood, 
 our kindred, or our leaders. Men differed as to the honesty, saga 
 city, and ability of each of those Senators, and in moments of ex 
 citement severely criticised their public and private acts; but as 
 they have been gathered to their reward, where mistakes are never 
 made, judgments never reversed, we should bid them live forever 
 unvexed and unwearied by the song of praise or the criminations 
 of language. They are beyond the reach of either. 
 
 Can storied urn or animated bust, 
 Back to its mansion call the fleeting breath? 
 
 Can honor s voice provoke the silent dust, 
 Or flattery soothe the dull, cold ear of death? 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 87 
 
 The praises of the dead never fret the living. So with each no 
 words of contention will be provoked. The verge of the grave 
 should ever be the limit of severe criticism. When God s voice is 
 heard man s should be stilled. 
 
 Senator BOGY died at his residence in Saint Louis on the 20th 
 day of September, 1877, in full possession of his mental faculties, 
 surrounded by his family, his friends, and his church, that great 
 ministering angel which stands to-day and has for eighteen centu 
 ries stood at the bedside of the living and the dying on every con 
 tinent, under every sun, ever pointing in solemn majesty to Him 
 who is the resurrection and the life. Senator BOGY was well known 
 in Missouri, was greatly respected in every part of it. He was born 
 in Sainte Genevieve, Missouri, on the 9th day of April, 1813, in 
 the midst of the most cultivated part of the then Territory of Mis 
 souri. His advantages for education at that early day, in that 
 sparsely-settled part of the country were limited. He availed 
 himself of the best school within his reach and means, a Catholic 
 school at Perryville, Missouri, and soon by his energy and ability 
 became one of the best scholars in that unpretentious school. At 
 the age of fourteen he became a victim to white-swelling in his 
 right leg, which so completely prostrated him for eighteen months 
 that he was unable to leave his bed. 
 
 It was during those long, painful months that he filled his mind 
 with those rich stores of history, legend, and song which ever after 
 ward made him the autocrat in the social circle, at the bar, in the 
 forum, in the Senate. His attending physician during his illness 
 was Dr. Lewis F. Linn, an accomplished gentleman and surgeon, 
 who afterward became United Stales Senator from Missouri. Dr. 
 Linn, discovering in his suffering patient a boy of rare promise, of 
 strong mind, of graceful manners, of sweet voice, of genial disposi- 
 
ADDRESS OF MR. CRITTENDEN ON THE 
 
 tion, of ambitious hopes, at once advised him to study law. He 
 consulted his parents about the important step, and they, acquiesc 
 ing in the proposition, sent him with an old family friend, William 
 Shannon, to Kaskaskia, Illinois, to pursue the study with Nathaniel 
 Pope, then judge of the United States district court and possessing 
 the best law and miscellaneous library in that section of the country. 
 Young BOGY, without undue pride, properly measuring his own 
 inherent powers and feeling the deep impulses of his own aspira 
 tions to make a man worthy of the hopes of his parents and friends, 
 wrote and sent to his mother the following letter, so significant, so 
 plain, so worthy of imitation by the young men of our land : 
 
 STE. GENEVIEVE, January 16, 1832. 
 
 On this day I left home under charge of Mr. William Shannon, an old friend of 
 my father, to go to Kaskaskia to read law in the office of Judge Pope. My education 
 is limited, but with hard study I may overcome it. I am determined to try ; and 
 my intention is to return to my native State to practice law if I can qualify myself, 
 and, while doing so to work to become United States Senator for my native Stale 
 and to work for this until I am sixty years old. I will pray God to give me the resolu 
 tion to persevere in this intention. I have communicated this to my mother and 
 given her this paper to keep, so help me God. 
 
 LEWIS V. BOGY. 
 
 This is but another instance of what determination and applica 
 tion can do. No boy, in this or any age, ever determined with a 
 bold and tireless resolution to accomplish any fact, reach any point, 
 attain any position in life, that it was not done. The resolution 
 must not be a feeble one, the licks struck must not be feeble ones, 
 such as bend pins or crush straws, but must be that faith that re 
 moves mountains, the resolution that surmounts all obstacles, the 
 blows that weld great pieces of iron together, the will that says 
 there is no such word as " fail." Who but a mother, sweet blessed 
 mother, would have preserved for so many long years that little 
 parcel of paper, written in a boyish hand, inspired by a boyish 
 dream, so worthless then, so valuable after its fulfillment ? Others 
 would have thrown it aside as the dreamings of a visionary boy, 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 89 
 
 but that mother laid it away, embalmed in her sacred tears, with a 
 mother s prayers, with a mother s hopes. How often are a mother s 
 hopes, a mother s tears the premonition "of coming events." 
 
 Mrs. Bogy died before the son commenced his upward career, be 
 fore he became "United States Senator for his native State." No 
 man ever had truer, bolder, wiser friends anywhere than Senator 
 BOGY had in Southeast Missouri, and those people never had a truer, 
 nobler, wiser defender than Senator BOGY. Such friendship, such 
 fidelity is worthy of the people, is worthy of their leader. They made 
 the boy a Senator and he made himself an eloquent defender of 
 them. People as well as occasions make some men great, in fact, 
 create men for great purposes. The enthusiasm of the French made 
 Napoleon great, and he in return made France great by reason of 
 that enthusiasm. If Senator BOGY was not possessed of a national 
 reputation when elected Senator from his native State, he was 
 familiarly known all over the State, he had served in the Legisla 
 ture of Missouri, and was the equal and peer of such men as Blair, 
 Rollins, Doniphan, and Hall, as brave, eloquent, and able men as 
 ever graced the forum of any State. 
 
 Early imbibing whig doctrines -from such leaders as Clay, Web 
 ster, Clayton, and Ewing, he was ever ready to defend all legitimate 
 schemes of internal and foreign commerce, and to him we in Missouri 
 owe much gratitude for the advanced position of our railroad and 
 manufacturing systems, for he believed, as far back as 1832, that 
 " Missouri was destined to become the leading Commonwealth of the 
 Union." He had great and abiding faith in Missouri, her external 
 and internal wealth, her immense capacities and possibilities, and 
 had not the evils of unwise financial legislation rested so heavily 
 upon her his brightest anticipations would have been realized in his 
 lifetime. He loved his native State with childish idolatry, and 
 
 12 
 
90 ADDRESS OF MR. CRITTENDEN ON THE 
 
 would resent any reflection upon its capacity or honor, its intelligence 
 and its morality. When a law student at Lexington, Kentucky, in 
 1834, a New England minister who had been traveling through Indi 
 ana, Illinois, and Missouri delivered a lecture on the "Far West" at 
 Lexington, and spoke disparagingly of Saint Louis, "its commerce 
 and business," of its religion and morality, of the abandoned character 
 of the Jews, French, and Catholic church. Mr. BOGY, then only 
 about twenty years old, was in the audience, which was large and 
 intelligent. He listened to the lecturer with some patience until he 
 animadverted upon the women of his State with unbecoming severity, 
 which so aroused the fiery zeal of his nature that he jumped from his 
 seat and in a loud voice exclaimed, " Now, stop, sir ! I pronounce 
 what you say about Saint Louis and its people an absolute falsehood." 
 
 There was great consternation. The minister was staggered. He paused some 
 time and then expressed a hope that he would not meet again with such a rude 
 and unwonted interruption. Mr. BOGY S friends tried to quiet him, but be got up 
 again and said, "As long as you only slandered men I could stand it, but when you 
 speak of my countrywomen in the way you did I had to rebuke you and shall do so 
 again if you dare to insult them again." There was a distinct murmur of applause 
 in the audience, and the minister brought his lecture to a rather premature close. 
 
 It was the spirit of the man developed in the boy at that early age. 
 It exhibited itself in every phase of his life, whether in the school 
 room, at the bar, in the Legislature, or in the Senate of the United 
 States. No clearer sentences ever rang out upon the ear of the Sen 
 ate than when, in a moment of great national excitement, he said : 
 
 Sir, the names of Jeffreys and Norbury have come down to us in English history 
 for ages past, covered with disgrace and shame because they were corrupt judges; 
 and the name of that man who changed his vote upon that commission so as to 
 change the votes of Florida from Tilden to Hayes [Justice Bradley] will go down to 
 after ages covered with equal shame and disgrace. His name will be associated 
 with Norbury and Jeffreys, linked together by a chain of infamy, and never will it 
 be pronounced without a hiss from all good men in this country. 
 
 As to the policy or impolicy of the utterance I have nothing to 
 say at this time. I only use it as an illustration of his boldness 
 and fearlessness when he believed a great wrong was being done. 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OP LEWIS V. BOGY. 91 
 
 Senator BOG-Y was a man of enlarged views; nothing small or 
 illiberal about him ; never looking for motes or blemishes -in the 
 character of any man, never questioning the character of any one 
 without cause ; never making unbecoming remarks about ladies, ever 
 treating them with knightly courtesy and unsuspecting confidence; 
 as gentle and kind to children as a mother, and always ready to view 
 human nature with a half closed eye, and was ever more ready to 
 defend than to prosecute, to justify than to vilify; had but little 
 patience with a man claiming to be without faults, without regrets, 
 for he said no man could be good without having feelings of regret 
 every day of his life because of some inconsiderate expression, some 
 rash act. He possessed an unusually well balanced mind and 
 temper; seldom irritated or irritable, always bright and cheerful at 
 his own fireside and in the social circle, believing, as I have often 
 heard him say, that life was too short for a man to make himself or 
 others miserable by harsh remarks and vulgar passions; although a 
 warm partisan, ever ready to defend his political and religious creeds 
 with chivalrous alacrity, yet his urbanity and earnestness were so 
 distinguished as to secure even the respect of his opponents. He 
 had few enemies anywhere, many friends everywhere. His life was 
 full of sweetness at home and abroad, ever marking him as a prince 
 and a gentleman, a patriot and a Christian, a statesman and a 
 Senator; never, even in the last days of his life, when misfortunes 
 gathered fast and thick around him, when the sharpened pains of 
 the fatal disease were less than the pangs of a troubled mind, for 
 getting that he was a gentleman and a Senator. Such a man 
 cannot be unmade, cannot be broken down. 
 
 Not all the water In the rough rude sea 
 Can wash the balm from an anointed king. 
 
 His life was a model one, worthy of severe imitation by the old 
 
92 ADDRESS OF MR. ORITTENDEN ON THE 
 
 as well as the young, and his memory should long be treasured in 
 our own great State. His life may not have been as resplendent 
 with some one marked deed, some one noted charity, some one bril 
 liant speech as often gave great reputation to some men ; but it was 
 filled all the way from manhood to the grave with thousands of 
 noble deeds, thousands of heaven-recognized charities, and countless 
 speeches of the sweetest purity and happiest results. He has left 
 his impress on society, that will long survive him and be a rich 
 heritage to his children. 
 
 Mr. Speaker, noble deeds will be reported, distinguished services 
 will be remembered, the works of good men follow them. Some 
 one has uttered the golden thought that 
 
 The planet, the pebble, goes attended by its shadow. The rolling rock leaves its 
 track upon the mountain, the river its channel in the soil, the animal its bones in 
 the stratum, the fern and the leaf its modest epitaph in the coal. The falling drop 
 makes its scpulcher in the sand or stone ; not a foot steps in the snow or along the 
 ground but prints in characters more or less lasting a map of its march, and every 
 act of the man inscribes itself in the memories of its fellows. The air is full of 
 sounds, the sky of tokens, the ground is all memoranda and signatures, and every 
 object is covered over with hints which speak to the intelligent. 
 
 Senator BOGY as a Senator never forgot that he was once an 
 unknown school-teacher in the mountains of Kentucky; and the 
 lessons he then learned made him in after-life, when the applause 
 of listening Senators honored his career, considerate of and kind to 
 young men struggling against the decrees of adversity. He never 
 forgot that he was once poor, once unknown, once " without a local 
 habitation or a name." Vulgar minds, vulgar natures, only do. 
 Beshal Hall once said : 
 
 Sweet the destiny of all trades, whether of the plow or the mind. Men who have 
 raised themselves from a humble calling need not be ashamed, but rather ought to 
 be proud, because of the difficulties they have surmounted. The laborer on his feet 
 stands higher than the king on his knees. 
 
 Senator BOGY understood and appreciated such a sentiment. He 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 93 
 
 was eminently a self-made man ; and such are the practical men of 
 life. They have trodden the upward paths of life by the light of 
 daily experience. No other cloud by day or pillar of fire by night 
 as their guide. Missouri has had and still has many men of supe 
 rior ability to Senator BOGY, of greater brilliance ; men capable of 
 greater thoughts, of greater conceptions, of closer reasoning powers, 
 of more logical acumen; men more dashing, who would secure the 
 outer works of an opponent before Senator BOGY would move his 
 forces; but when all the qualities are measured that enter into the 
 man, that form the man, those enduring elements which take a 
 soldier to the inner works, with head erect and arm unstrung, then 
 few indeed are found who surpassed him. 
 
 He could always be relied on, as a man, as a lawyer, as a poli 
 tician, as a statesman. The mind alone does not make the man; if 
 so, Bacon ; whom the poet described as the wisest, meanest, basest of 
 mankind, was a great man, in the full acceptation of that term, for 
 his great mental powers were overshadowed by his great immoral 
 qualities. A great man is not only great in his thoughts, but in all 
 he does, in all his deeds, in all his actions, his mind being ever free 
 from small conceptions and smaller executions, always seeking the 
 elevation of society, of the state, of the country. Measured by this 
 rule, Senator BOGY was no common man, and the longer we are 
 removed from him the greater will be our appreciation of that fact. 
 At the time of his death Senator BOGY was rapidly assuming an 
 elevated position in the Senate. The slow hand of Time and Justice 
 was removing without leaving a blemish or a stain the evil surmises 
 that his enemies had scattered broadcast over the country. At the 
 time he entered the Senate and to-day there is no man of repute 
 who will say aught against the public or private character of LEWIS 
 V. BOGY. His honesty and veracity stand as impervious to slan- 
 
94 ADDRESS OF MR. CRITTENDEN ON THE 
 
 derous attacks to-day as his own cherished Iron Mountain stands 
 unshaken by the morning breeze or the evening zephyr. 
 
 The cemeteries of Saint Louis contain many illustrious dead: 
 Benton, the great Senator, Geyer, Bates, Paschall, Blair, Polk, 
 Green, and BOGY, all sleep that long sleep in almost adjacent graves. 
 Few graveyards contain so many distinguished dead. They were 
 all great men, " immortal names that were not born to die." They 
 have shed a halo of glory over the State of Missouri, and it is per 
 missible for us from that State to bow around their graves with 
 Christian love. Their memories are our idols, our household gods, 
 cherished and loved, where we go they are taken, where we rest 
 they are elevated. Such dead are an honor to any State, to any 
 people. Missouri can point to them as her jewels as the mother of 
 the Gracchi pointed to her sons as hers. May the brightest flowers 
 of spring bloom perennially over their graves. "To-day," as has 
 been beautifully said, " they are with the shadows. The race from 
 which they sprung will never come again to this world. A wiser 
 one may succeed to it, but never a purer, braver, stronger, and more 
 patriotic." Great men s deeds should be incentives to be great men. 
 The world is full of great men if the world only knew it. There 
 is always a great leader for every great event, a Washington for 
 every great revolution, a Clay for every great compromise. Great 
 men have occupied seats in this House and the Senate and have 
 died, and men equally as great do occupy their places, and the legis 
 lation moves on as of yore. It is well for us to mourn over our 
 dead statesmen who have left us the rich heritage of liberty to pre 
 serve "safe against the tooth of time and razure of oblivion," and 
 to perpetuate their memories in stainless marble and burnished 
 brass; but at the same time we should remember that they had their 
 faults deep, broad, glaring faults which should be avoided with 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 95 
 
 the same resolution that prompts us to imitate their virtues. Word 
 paintings do not make the dead perfect or imperfect. Their acts 
 and thoughts have made their characters. " As the tree falls so it 
 must lie." These occasions should teach the living that the great 
 lesson of life, after all, is so to live in this world that when we are 
 called hence "into the dark valley, with its weird and solemn 
 shadows/ we go with an unfaltering step, with the response, adsum, 
 glowing upon our lips, believing that death is but the beginning of 
 a destiny good or evil, that we have created for ourselves in the 
 years gone by. If the tree is corrupt so will be the fruit when the 
 bloom is gone ; if bright and beautiful, so will be the production. 
 Such men as BOGY and Morton arc always missed when they 
 die, always create a vacancy when they fall, as does the strong oak 
 when removed from its native forest by the hand of the woodman. 
 It takes time, much time to fill the place. How greatly has the 
 Senate changed in the last four years. To study that change makes 
 the hardest of us exclaim, "in the midst of life we are in death." 
 How sadly, how eloquently Old Time s mutations are portrayed in 
 this article, taken from one of the leading newspapers of the day : 
 
 TIME S CHANGES IK THE SENATE. 
 
 [ From the Cincinnati Enquirer.] 
 
 After an interregnum of seventeen years the Senate is now full. There have 
 been great changes since the Senate met in December, 1860. The Government runs 
 on and on, while the grave takes the governors. To the man familiar with the 
 Senate of that day, the changes death has made in the body that itself never dies 
 have a melancholy interest. Of those who were then Senators but two are Senators 
 to-day : Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine, and Henry B. Anthony, of Rhode Island. Not 
 withstanding the long term of the Senator who serves for six years and the ten 
 dency to re-elect, of the seventy-six Senators to-day but two were Senators less than 
 three times six years ago. Pitt Fessendcn was in the Senate then, grim, keen, com 
 manding, but misanthropic, seeming to have a spite against mankind because of 
 the bitter love-accident to his birth that sprung from the nature of mankind. Fes- 
 senden is dead. John P. Hale was there, brave, eloquent, witty, able to state his 
 case with unsurpassed force and clearness. Hale is dead. Henry Wilson was there, 
 politic, tireless, ambitious, making more of his native talents than almost any man 
 in our history ; and Wilson is dead. Sumner was there, the student of the Senate, 
 the man who alone in the Senate was able to summon all history and all literature 
 
96 ADDRESS OF MR. CRITTENDEN ON THE 
 
 to prove his point. Massive in his vanity, isolated in his tastes and life; and Sum- 
 ner is dead. William Henry Seward was there, who had been for ten years the idol 
 of a great following and was the statesman of his party in 1860. Seward is dead. 
 Stephen A. Douglas was there, his democracy pure and simple, and, running through 
 the warp and woof of his nature, his loyalty to the Union, so deep-seated that not even 
 disappointed ambition, always a destroyer of the best things in men, could shake it. 
 " I am ready to act with any party, with any individual of any party, who will come 
 to this question with an eye single to the preservation of the Constitution and the 
 Union," said Douglas, in those trying hours. Douglas is dead. Andrew Johnson 
 was there, his voice of the bravest; and Andrew Johnson is gone. George E. Pugh 
 was there, fresh from the laurels of Charleston, that shrill tenor tone ringing like a 
 silvery bell through the Senate Chamber, clinging to the Union and to peace with 
 tenacity, but to his belief with defiance. And that brilliant man sleeps. Jefferson 
 Davis was there, saying, " If I could see any means by which I could avert the catas 
 trophe of a struggle between the sections of the Union, my past life, I hope, gives 
 evidence of the readiness with which I would make the effort. If, in the opinion of 
 others, it be possible for me to do anything for the public good, the last moment 
 while I stand here is at the command of the Senate. I will serve on the committee 
 if the Senate choose." There were thirty-three States then. There were other shin 
 ing names in the list of Senators. There were names less lustrous that take place in 
 our history. R. M. T. Hunter, Mason of Virginia, Robert Toombs, John J. Critten- 
 den, Jesse D. Bright, Ben. Wade, Lyman Trumbull, Yulee of Florida, Wigfall of 
 Texas, Benjamin and Slidell, and the others, were then Senators. The graves have 
 opened, and events have shifted the leaders. Five States have been added to the 
 Union since that time; ten Senators have been added to the Senate of those ante 
 bellum days. The Senate never dies, but how cha.nged it is. 
 
 Are not these changes enough to make the living Senators of 
 to-day wonder when death will make its next conscription? With 
 these illustrious names there is one not mentioned, strange as it may 
 seem John 0. Breckinridge, of Kentucky, who was every inch a 
 man and a Senator, and was " the glass of fashion and the mold of 
 form" to the whole country. Who that has read his valedictory 
 address, made January 4, 1859, upon the removal of the Senate 
 from the old to the new Hall, can or will ever forget its lofty ideas 
 and burning words ? He, too, has gone to his rest, and sleeps in 
 the great bosom of Kentucky, with Clay and with Crittenden, 
 with Rowan and with Underwood : 
 
 Immortal names, 
 That were not born to die. 
 
 Whenever the living cease to remember their dead, a death 
 greater than the mere decay of the human body will sooner or later 
 
LIFE AND CHARACTER OF LEWIS V. BOGY. 97 
 
 erase such a people from the map of the world. History, with its 
 great iron pen, will, in few words, detail their rise, fall, and decay. 
 Our forefathers saw this, and left us, as one of their legacies, a 
 reverence for the worthy dead. Cicero said " Vita enim mortuorum 
 in memoriam vivorum est posita" The life of the dead is placed 
 in the memory of the living; in other words, a virtuous people 
 will always seek to perpetuate the memory of their virtuous dead. 
 My sad task is over. Senator BOGY has closed his earthly career, 
 and is in his grave awaiting the final summons. Calmly he slum 
 bers beneath the soil of his native State, within the sound of the 
 great city which gave him a home and a grave, and which with its 
 half million of eager population, ever stands, night and day, a 
 vigilant sentinel over the tomb of its honored Senator. Embowered 
 in the peaceful shade of his own beautiful resting-place, through 
 whose stricken boughs the fierce wintry winds are now chanting 
 their requiem, the Senator, the patriot, the father, the husband, and 
 friend sleeps that sleep that knows no earthly waking. As a 
 Missourian who knew and loved him well, I say, farewell, a long 
 farewell, to as kind a friend, to as true a man, to as noble a patriot 
 as ever lived. 
 
 Lay him down gently at the iron door. 
 
 Mr. CRITTENDEN. I offer the following resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That as a further mark of respect to the memory of lion. Liswis V. BOGY, 
 late a Senator of the United States from the State of Missouri, this House do now 
 adjourn. 
 
 The resolution was unanimously adopted; and accordingly (at 
 five o clock and fifteen minutes p. m.) the House adjourned. 
 

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