Index for 
 
 SIXTEEN MONTHS AT THE 
 GOLD DIG-GINS 
 
 by 
 
 Daniel B. Woods 
 
 UJNiVEJ&SITY OF GA U.H 
 
 AT LOS ANG8U#3 
 
 JUL 25 1935 
 L I B R Ai% 
 
TH E CALIFORNIA LITE RARY RES EARCH 
 SERA -Pro jects 2-F2-152 5-F2-197 
 
 has prepared an index, after the manner, 
 of the one contained in this cover, 
 for the following books: 
 
 #1 Life in California 
 
 Alfred Robinson 
 
 #2 Recollections and Opinions of an 
 Old Pioneer 
 
 Peter H, Burnett 
 
 #3 El Dorado 
 
 Bayard Taylor 
 
 #4 Three Years in California 
 
 F.D. Borthwick 
 
 #5 Gold Regions of California 
 
 George G. Foster 
 
 #6 Hunting for Gold 
 
 Major Wm. Downie 
 
 #7 Mountains and Molehills 
 
 Frank Marryat 
 
 #8 What I Saw in California 
 
 Edwin Bryant 
 
 #9 California Life 
 
 William Taylor 
 
 #10 The Story of the Mine 
 
 Charles Howard Shinn 
 
 (cont.on back cover) 
 
INDEX #18 
 
 SIXT EEN MONTI-IS A T THE 
 GOLD DIGGINGS 
 
 by 
 
 DANI EL B. WOODS 
 
 Harper and Brothers 
 82 Cliff Street 
 New York, N.Y. 
 1851 
 
 JOSEPH GA3R, Editor 
 
 SERA "Project* 2"-F3~132 T3-FS-197) 
 CALIFOR NIA L ITERARY RESEARCH 
 
f 
 
 - 2 - 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 It is almost inconceivable what an 
 excitement was produced upon nations and 
 individuals by the - discovery , less than 
 four years since, of Gold among the moun- 
 tains of Upper California. Tides of 
 human life soon set in under this one 
 point; currents here met, whirling and 
 contending with increasing force; and, 
 where all was silent and calm before, was 
 heard the roar and seen the violence and 
 agitation of the maelstrom. 
 
 The writer was for sixteen months 
 employed in the gold mines, chiefly upon 
 the American and Tuolumne Rivers and 
 their tributaries. His reasons for com- 
 piling his notes and presenting thern to 
 « the public may be briefly stated. It was 
 | the request of several friends that he 
 § would keep a journal of his mining life, 
 c exhibiting its lights and shades, its 
 £ fortunes and misfortunes. This he did, 
 f jotting down from day to day the inci- 
 dents as they occurred. Many mining com- 
 panions, aware of this fact, requested 
 him to prepare his journal for the press, 
 that their friends might thus have a view 
 of their circumstances and employments. 
 
 Having so long been a miner, and 
 acquainted with all his privations and 
 sufferings; having experienced his 
 elation at success and his depression at 
 failure; having passed through the trying 
 
 314593 
 
- 3 - 
 
 season of acclimation, and lain once 
 beneath a lone oak, expecting, as he 
 looked up to the stars shining clear 
 above him there to end his days ; 
 having rocked the gold-digger's cradle, 
 wielded his pick and spade, messed and 
 slept with miners, he is prepared to 
 present a correct view of his subject 
 for those who have friends at the mines. 
 
 He considers that it will be proper 
 to present incidents of travel on his 
 journey to California, in connection with 
 the raore important object, both to afford 
 a view of the dangers and difficulties of 
 the earlier emigrants to this country, 
 and also to maintain the unity of his 
 plan . 
 
 He hopes to make this little volume 
 useful to those who are, or expect to be, 
 engaged in the arduous employments of 
 mining. If any shall be encouraged to 
 perseverance especially if any young 
 men who shall be thus thrown into circum- 
 stances where immorality and vice are so 
 prevalent, and to which many give them- 
 selves up too easy victims, shall be put 
 upon their guard, -- his best wishes will 
 have been accomplished. He recalls, with 
 sadness, the case of a merchant of edu- 
 cation and refinement, who left a large 
 circle of friends and a young family. 
 With bright hopes he started for the gold 
 placers. Disheartened by several failures, 
 depressed at his separation from his 
 
- 4 - 
 
 family, he sought in the social cup to 
 forget his sorrows and disappointments. 
 Within three months from the time he 
 arrived in the country he became a sub- 
 ject of "mania a potu" , and died in the 
 streets of San Francisco. The path, of 
 vice in California lies, not ' through ' the 
 ordinary influences of life; it leads 
 not, as elsewhere, through a long course. 
 It lies rather on an inclined plane, and 
 speedily runs down to despair and ruin. 
 
 I intended to make this volume a 
 miner's manual, in which he may find im- 
 portant directions relating to the 
 varioiis mining operations. 
 
 An o th e r motive with the writer i s 
 the desire to induce all who are doing 
 well enough, who are living within their 
 means and laying by a little, to remain 
 satisfied at home. The question is often 
 asked, "who should go to the mines? 11 . 
 It is very sure that a man with a family 
 depending upon his daily efforts should 
 not go. He should not exhaust his slen- 
 der means, and run himself in debt, with 
 the hopes of making himself independent 
 in one or two years. Let such a one, who 
 is inclined to do this, picture to him- 
 self his wife struggling alone with pover- 
 ty or sickness, his children left without 
 a father's presence and love to guide and 
 protect, and himself a homeless wanderer, 
 subjected to the privations, hardships, 
 anj sickness incident to such a vagrant 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2014 
 
 https://archive.org/details/indexsixteenmontOOdani 
 
- 5 - 
 
 Let the young man go, if he will, 
 who has no family depending upon him 
 who has a strong constitution and a 
 stronger moral courage; who is sober and 
 persevering; who has little prospect of 
 making a comfortable living at home, and 
 who can make up his mind to spend five 
 years from it, and to enjoy his few com- 
 forts as did Diogenes. To such a one 
 there may be some comfort in even a 
 miner's life. He has not, like the man 
 of family in a similar condition, to 
 experience how much the heart can bear ~- 
 to live only in the future, while he 
 "drags at each remove a lengthening 
 chain 1 '. His is not the history of an 
 exiled heart. He may enjoy the rest of 
 the laboring man beneath God's own 
 glorious canopy. The hardships which 
 he endures in this, the gold age of his 
 life, may make him more satisfied with 
 his situations when he returns home, 
 while the troubles which once annoyed 
 him will not there be experienced. 
 
 Daniel B- Woods 
 Philadelphia, July, 1351 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Extracts from a letter written by 
 Reverend Dr. Edward Hitchcock, presi- 
 dent of Amherst College, to the Rever- 
 end Daniel B. Woods . ;f>age 193 
 
 Letter fron, G-eorge F. Dunning, Esq. , 
 Clerk in the Hint of the United states. 
 
 Philadelphia, June 18, 1651. page 194-196 
 
 A few extracts quoted from the re- 
 port of P. T. Tyson, Esq., presented to 
 the Senate of the United States by the 
 Secretary of **ar page 197-199 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 This book has no table of Contents. 
 The following is a synopsis, chapter by 
 chapter, made by a worker on the project. 
 
 J. G. 
 
 Chapter I 
 
 Geo graph y and Hist ory o f Calif o rnia 
 
 It extends from Oregon to Mexico and 
 from the mountains to the Pacific. The 
 three chief rivers are the Sacramento, 
 San Joaquin and Colorado. The valleys 
 are fertile and resemble Andalusia in 
 Spain. Until lately it was a country of 
 Indians, deer and bear; now it re-echoes 
 to the shouts of 10,000 miners, and the 
 rattle of picks and shovels and rock of 
 mining cradles. 
 
 V/hen a favorable location is at last 
 chosen by a prospector the miner has a 
 about one chance in fifty of finding pay 
 gravel. Digging for gold is all a lot- 
 tefy, no rules can be given and science 
 is faulty. There are about 15,000 people 
 altogether now within the bounds of the 
 state. The country could produce all 
 kinds of grains, vegetables and fruits. 
 
 Page 9-20 
 
 Chapter II 
 Voyage to Cal ifornia 
 I sailed from Philadelphia to Tampico, 
 
_ 8 - 
 
 Mexico, planning to crocs overland to 
 Mazatlan and from there to take a boat 
 to Tan Francisco. There were 40 men in 
 our party, some young, others old, some 
 grave, others gay, some married, others 
 unmarried. We secured mules and horses 
 at Tampico for the journey of 300 miles 
 to Mazatlan. The tropical insects were 
 our worst trouble, mosquitoes, fleas, 
 ticks and jiggers. For food we shot 
 deer and speared fish when passing from 
 one town to another. It was necessary 
 to be well armed and keep a constant 
 watch day and night for fear of attack 
 by guerillas. These were frequently 
 encountered but the numbers of our 
 party saved us from trouble. Our worst 
 danger was from a dust storm or sirocco. 
 
 One night we spent a.t a vermin- 
 infested stopping place. We made the 
 acquaintance of the local school master. 
 He seemed to believe all that we told 
 him, but when we spoke of the railroad 
 and telegraph in the United States he 
 broke off the conversation and departed 
 with great dignity. 
 
 We passed two fine cities, Santa 
 Maria de las Lagos and G-uadalazara , on 
 April 2, 1049, also Magdalena. At San 
 Bias we took a small sail ship for 
 Mazatlan and learned that there were 
 seven million inhabitants at that time 
 in Mexico. The very rich own most of 
 the land and live in palaces in the 
 
- 9 _ 
 
 cities. At Mazatlan we bought a small 
 schooner and Get sail for San Francisco, 
 but the ship was not much of a success 
 and a number decided to go ashore and 
 walk. At San Jose a ship was sighted 
 and these men, 20 in number, got passage 
 in it to San Francisco where they arrived 
 June 25, 1849, 145 days being spent on 
 the journey from Philadelphia. 
 
 San Francisco was a city of tents 
 and from there we walked to Sacramento. 
 From Sacramento we walked 29 miles to 
 Salmon Falls on the South Fork of the 
 AI'^^IOAN river, each carrying a load of 
 40 pounds of mining tools and provisions. 
 
 . . Page 21-48 
 
 Chapter III 
 
 Northern Mines 
 
 We reached Salmon Falls July 4, 1349, 
 where some of the gold diggings were 
 found. A number of "Digger Indians" were 
 seen here. They weave baskets that hold 
 water and cook flesh by heating stones 
 and putting them into the water. The 
 Indians speared salmon and secured some 
 weighing 29 pounds. These they exchanged 
 with us for provisions, clothing or any 
 ornaments of bright colors. After a hard 
 day's digging on the sand bars July 5th, 
 we secured gold dust to the value of ten 
 cents each. 
 
- 10 - 
 
 A "mining cradie !: for washing out 
 soil for gold takes from three to five 
 men to handle. The finding of gold is 
 a gamble. Three men secured $3,000 in 
 three weeks, two others $422 before 
 breakfast one morning. On July 20th 
 our party made $20 each. One miner, 
 to settle a dispute between two for- 
 eigners, was remunerated with the gift 
 of a ten foot strip of sand out of 
 which lie took after a little work 
 $7,435, while the disputants got no- 
 thing and abandoned their claims. Our 
 usual diet was hard bread, salt pork, 
 fresh salmon, venison and bear meat. 
 
 Gambling was almost universal. 
 The professional gamblers in San 
 Francisco usually sent $17,000 each, 
 back to their homes in the east or to 
 England every month. One young man, 
 not a gambler, landed in San Francisco 
 broke, borrowed ten dollars, went to 
 a gambling house, won $7,000 the first 
 night, and had sense enough to go home 
 with it. Vegetables sold at one dollar 
 per pound and eggs at $20 per dozen. 
 
 ' . . . Page 49-76 
 
 Chapter IV 
 
 Southern Mines 
 
 A small party decided to change 
 location and came back to the San Joaquin 
 river, ascended it to Tuolumne and fol- 
 lowed it up to Mariposa in the mountains. 
 
- 11 - 
 
 There were plenty deer here and grizzly 
 bear, but little gold. Some of the bears 
 were eleven feet long and six feet in 
 girth with iron clad paws that could fell 
 an ox. The bear never lies in wait for 
 its prey but is dangerous to attack. 
 Snow fell December 4. Good boots cost 
 $596 per pair and were a necessity. Al- 
 most constant rains fell now and the 
 weather was cold. Little gold was found 
 but constant hardships. All kinds of men 
 drifted in here, lawyers, doctors, clergy 
 men, farmers, deserting soldiers, and 
 others. They came from America, England, 
 China, Russia, Japan, Chili and the Paci- 
 fic Islands ....Page 77-122 
 
 Chapter V 
 
 Southern Mines (Continued) 
 
 This chapter deals with Rules of 
 Encampment, Hart's Bar Company, Articles 
 of Agreement for different Companies, 
 story of digging a Canal to dry the bed 
 of a creek, building an aqueduct, results 
 of mining. On pages 126 to 130 are iven 
 in detail the Rules of the average Com- 
 pany in 13 articles. Most of the miners 
 dressed in red shirts, were all rough 
 looking as grizzly bears, wore long 
 beards, long hair, old hats and often had 
 to go shoeless. 
 
 The only lucky men seemed to be 
 those who did the least work and some of 
 
- 12 
 
 that , el ^ d bear 
 
 was tender and sve"t n 6 flash 
 
 w would aw«« ?« 0ccasl °naliy a 
 
 a ^ e *** P er for a week. 
 
 - Av ' i - & s usually o j -v. i . 
 every Safc.ath and toe' mines' »C:f lun * 
 listened with respect. tw* « ys 
 aeaw to- i* ^ _ • • mere '.as a 
 
 fore! - ~. £K? U ralndrs Hho ^me from 
 
 turned oandut T'le art* J*?,*" 8 «d 
 dam to aid i - ' 1 rt/ buUt a large 
 and after iv ^"f n "f« B « ^rations 
 Freshet ea e ai™ p ^ ed a mountain 
 few ainuW tht 2 n ? dast royed in a 
 
 One day J a beat: attrac'^^^^ " lont - :s - 
 of cooliin-- tt.lJtt j ac * ed bv th e smell 
 
 No men and £ ^ Ule ?,° oks and wiled 
 f^irium tremens"^ l^f' h a 1 ,Baa Sat 
 a merry dance for several „ a ° le °H» 
 Irew sane a -a in SeVeral da ys Defore he 
 ° Page 183-167 
 
 Chapter VI 
 Sgn_ Francisco ^ i,. 
 
 tere now fast anS ^fL^ San "rancisco 
 
 romen and m us i c ^ e'r f 'n Sal °° nS - '" ine 
 story wa a i n u ,7 e , e nov/ Plentiful. 
 
 ; few ^ ^ctred% t ^O^ nerS had in 
 N ex^neas re 4 000 S S ° ld bUt 
 toey by tra-'in ■--•° 00 - Some made 
 
I 
 
- 13 - 
 
 On pa^es 171-175 are given statistics 
 of earnings by 14 different mining com- 
 panies. The author gives an estimate of 
 his gains after 16 months of mining and 
 tells how he returned to Philadelphia. 
 
 Page 163-173 
 
 Cnapter VII 
 
 Hints -to miners or^ prospective 
 miners. Beware of yielding to drink, 
 gambling or licentiousness ... Page 179-L92 
 
 Appendix 
 
 Professional College professors of 
 mining give some valuable hints to pros- 
 pective miners Page 193-199 
 
! 
 
- 14 - 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Accomodations for travelers in Mexico— 39 
 
 Adelphi Company (gold mining) 134 
 
 Ague, fever, Mexico 62 
 
 Americans, at r.Tazatlan, Lexico 41,64 
 
 Soldiers in Mexico 32 
 
 American River 11,48 
 
 Amherst College 183 
 
 Amity & Enterprise Association 
 
 (gold mining organization) 179 
 
 Andes of Mexico 23 
 
 Aqua Frio 121 
 
 Area of Cal if ornia 9 
 
 Articles of Agreement of liar t 1 s 
 
 Bar Draining & Lining Co 144,148 
 
 Bandits 26 
 
 Barque, Thomas Water 21 
 
 Bay of San Francisco 10 
 
 Bear Creek 11 
 
 Bear, in California 80,133 
 
 Leat of, *86 
 
 Attack of, 160 
 
 Beds, in Mining Region 64 
 
 For travelers .in Mexico 29 
 
 Benic ia 47 
 
 Big Oak 133 
 
 Birds 83,160 
 
 Bull fights 40 
 
 Eurial, methods of, in mining 
 
 areas -63 , 96 
 
 Caballero 23 
 
 California : Climate of, 9,15,16; descrip- 
 tion of, 9-20; exploring of, 17; geo- 
 graphy of; 9-12; products of, 16,17; 
 
- 15 - 
 
 California (Continued.) rain fall of, 
 15,16; seasons of, 15; square miles of, 
 
 9; voyage to, 21-43 
 
 "California Gold Diggers," a pi ay- -21 ,22 
 
 Camango Company , milling Company 21 
 
 Canchalaqua medicinal herb 140 
 
 Cape San Lucas 69 
 
 Captain MARSHKAH 21 
 
 Captain ' • ADS JORTK 98 , 99 , 100 , 106 
 
 Care of health 182,183 
 
 Cathedral of Guadalaxara 35 
 
 Chance in mining— 20, 56 , 63 , 65, 87 , 104 , 105 
 
 131,132,169 
 
 Chateaubriand, French Ship 177 
 
 Saunas-'---** 9 5 , 99 , 1 00 , 1 21 
 
 Chinese "Diggins" 94 
 
 Claims, protected 115 
 
 Climate of California 9,15,16 
 
 Climate of San Franci sco 46 
 
 Cock-fight 31 
 
 Coloma 59,60 
 
 Colonel FREMONT 83 
 
 Colonel Jackson' s store 125 
 
 Colonel i OORE 71 
 
 Companies, gold mining, 70,134,140 
 
 142,143,144,148, 171,175,179, 181 
 
 ' ' M Statistics of, -171,175 
 
 Cooking, utensils, Indians 49,131 
 
 Methods of Indians 49 
 
 On Journey 79 
 
 Cost of labor 76 
 
 Cradle, miners 52,55,181 
 
 Credit, at mines 60 
 
 Crew, of ships 42 
 
 Curtis Creek 95 
 
- IS - 
 
 Danger, of travel in Mexico 23,25,26 
 
 Death 63,69,72,95,161 
 
 Deer 84 
 
 Deer Creek- 141 
 
 Delirium tremens 160 
 
 Democratic" Re view"( newspaper ) 98 
 
 Description of California- 9^20 
 
 Description of San Francisco 46,167,177 
 
 Diet, in Mexico 29 
 
 Aboard ship 10,45 
 
 In raining areas 18,19,57,59,61,88,99 
 
 130,148,160,183 
 
 Diggings, diversity of, 185; dry, 13; 
 Larepoosa, 82, 176; river, 13; 
 
 Savage's , 130,131; Sherlock' s , 84-90; 
 
 Wood' s , 94, 96, 113 
 
 Dr ink, Pulque , ,- exican Alcoholic 30 
 
 DUNNING, Geo. F. , Clerk in the Mint 
 
 of the United States 194,196 
 
 Dust-storm, in Lexico .28,29 
 
 Earnings, miners average in winter 176 
 
 El Dorado , the real 108 
 
 21k 85 
 
 Employment, offers of 59 
 
 Exploring of California 17 
 
 Extension Company (gold mining)---173, 175 
 
 Fandango, Lexican dance 37 
 
 Feather River 11 
 
 Fever 62 
 
 Ficke t Company (gold mining) 174 
 
 Fires, at pan Francisco 167 
 
 FGWLESi Reverend I'jr . 96 
 
 FREMONT, Colonel - 83 
 
- 17-- 
 
 Fremont j s Camp 34 
 
 French Bar 115,116,117 
 
 French Ship, Chateaubriand 177 
 
 Frogs 83 
 
 Gambling at San Francisco 75,179 
 
 Geography of Calif ornia- 9-12 
 
 Gold: 
 
 Amount recovered, 1849-50 20 r 195 
 
 Average per miner 19,20 
 
 Analysis of Cal if ornia 19 
 
 Deposits, variety of, 184 
 
 Dry diggins 13,185 
 
 methods of obtaining--68, 118, 124,136 
 Mining Companies 70,134,140,142,143 
 144,148,171,172,173,175,179,181 
 
 Mining Companies formed 181 
 
 Placer 13 
 
 quartz 14,15,169 
 
 Region 12, 13 
 
 River diggins 13,143,184 
 
 Sof;t granite 14 
 
 Taicose slate 14 
 
 Vein 16 
 
 Washing 51 
 
 Government, in mining areas 126,130 
 
 -191,192 
 
 Grave diggers 74 
 
 Green Springs 94,117 
 
 Gresley Company (gold mining) 174 
 
 Guadalaxara --52-55; Cathedral of,- 35 
 
 Guerrillas 53 ,34, 56 
 
 Hart's Bar- 132,134,165 
 
 Hart's Bar Company (gold mining) - 140 , 142 
 143,175 
 
- 18 - 
 
 Hart 1 s Bar Draining & Mining Company , 
 
 articles of agreement of, 144,146 
 
 Hawkin* s Bar Company ( gold mining) 173 
 
 Hawkins vi lie 141 
 
 Health, care of, 182,18-3 
 
 He*alth, conditions, 112 
 
 Hints to miners 179,192 
 
 History, Geography &nc£, 9-20 
 
 History of mining 17-20 
 
 HITCHCOCK, Rev. Edward, President of 
 
 Amherst College 183 
 
 Home, letters f r on. 110 
 
 Hornets 65 
 
 Hospitality, in mining areas 93 
 
 IIOTCHXISS, T. P. 148 
 
 Housing, at Hart' s Bar 142,143 
 
 in l'e x i c o 39 
 
 at mines 99 
 
 at Sacramento 47 
 
 at San Francisco 45 , 46 , 47 
 
 Hurricane 28 
 
 Indians , depredations of, 84,85,111 
 
 112,138,139 
 
 general character 88,141 
 
 mis treatment of, 138 
 
 Savage 1 s -82, 33 
 
 theft by, 68 
 
 Instances of success 111 
 
 I SLIP, George, rancher 93 
 
 Jacksonville- 120,123,132,133,140 
 
 Laws and regulations governing, 
 
 125, 13C 
 
 Jacksonville Con;pany ( gold mining ) 174- 175 
 James town 94 
 
»? t 
 
 * ! : 
 
- 19 - 
 
 Journey to San Franc i sco 70 
 
 Justice 192 
 
 Kanac a Creek 123 
 
 KENDRICK, Bishop 24 
 
 KING, Hon. T. Butler 16,19,20 
 
 King* s River 12 
 
 Labor, cost of, 76 
 
 LAFF LER , Mr . , r anc her at Tampico , 22 
 
 Lasso 32 
 
 Laundry 76 
 
 Lawlessness 97 ,96, 105 , 113 
 
 at Stockton 78 
 
 at Sonora 141, 142 
 
 at Jacksonville 141,143 
 
 Laws and regulations governing 
 
 Jacksonville 125-130 
 
 Letters from home 69,70,71 ,87,110 
 
 Life in the gold mines 57 
 
 Litigation, over ship, 41 
 
 LIVINGSTON, Captain 45 
 
 Livingstone & Company ( gold mining) 70 
 
 Magdelena , Mexico 30 
 
 Lar epoosa 79 
 
 Karepoosa Diggings S2 , 176 
 
 MAR LA TT j William 148 
 
 MAR SRTiAN , Captain 21 
 
 Mazatlan 21,39 ,40,44 
 
 Merced 11 
 
 Mercedes , Rio de los , 11 
 
 Mercedes River 82 
 
 Mer cey 1 2 
 
 Mexicans 22,121,154,159 
 
 Mexican troops 33 
 
 '.'•pyi r> n — — — — -21 
 
t I 
 
- 20 - 
 
 Military organization, through Mexico -»85 
 
 Miners, hints to, 179-192 
 
 Mines, life in the gold, 57 
 
 salting of, 89 
 
 Northern 49-76 
 
 Southern 77-122 , 123-166 
 
 Mining Companies 19 , 119 , 120, 124 
 
 133,171,181 
 
 articles of agreement 144-148 
 
 democracy of, 156 
 
 equipment 178-180 
 
 financial results 157-171 
 
 formed gold 181 
 
 loss; of outfits 180 
 
 operation of, 153 
 
 sale of shares 151 
 
 Mining, profits of, 19-20 
 
 results of, 157-158 
 
 Mint of the United States 194-196 
 
 Mistreatment of Indians 138 
 
 Montgomery 1 s Ranch ■ 91 
 
 MOORE, Colonel 71 
 
 Mormon G-ulch 94,113,114,122 
 
 Mor iiion Island 48,67 
 
 L.osqui toes 22 
 
 Mountain ranges 10 
 
 Mountain, volcanic, 38-39 
 
 mountains -10, 16 , 23 , 38, 39 
 
 Mules 69, 113 
 
 Narrow escape 78 
 
 Newspaper 98 
 
 Nor thern Mines 49-76 
 
- 21 - 
 
 Oregon 9 
 
 Overcrowding, of ships, 45 
 
 Pacific Ocean 9 
 
 Padres 31 
 
 Paine ' s Bar 149 
 
 Panama 39 , 17 7 
 
 Parker House 46 
 
 Payne j s Bar Company ( gold mining) 174 
 
 PEDRO Celeste, Priest at Vllle de 
 
 Vallee , 24 
 
 Philadelphia Company (gold mining) 173 
 
 P laza de la Torres , Mexico , 40 
 
 Poems, by miners, 59 
 
 Poison oak 103,104 
 
 Population, at time of gold dis- 
 covery 18 
 
 to first of June, 1849, 18-20 
 
 increase to 1849, 21,22 
 
 Poverty, at San Franc isco , 169 
 
 Principal rivers-- 10 
 
 Products of Cal if ornia 16-17 
 
 Profits of mining 19-20 
 
 Prospecting 50, 52, 61 , 68 , 111 , 181 
 
 Prosperity 151 
 
 Provisions, abundance of, 19;cost of, 
 
 18-19; scarcity of, 18 
 
 Quartz 14,15 
 
 Rainfall of California 15-16 
 
 Rattlesnake Creek 130,153*134 
 
 conditions at, 138,140 
 
 Real El Dorado 108 
 
 Reboso, Mexican women's head covering-34 
 Religion 191 
 
 in San Francisco, 190 
 
- 22 - 
 
 Religion (continued) — " *Z % 
 
 in mining ar eas f ---4r55 , §6 , 67 , 97 
 
 101* 104,157,187,190 
 
 in Mexico 119 
 
 Sunday, observance of, 06 
 
 Residence at San Fr anc isco 71-76 
 
 Results of mining 157-158 
 
 RIDOUT, F.H. * 148,162-164 
 
 Rio de los Lercedes- 11 
 
 River diggings 13 
 
 Rivers: American , 11 , 48 ; Feather , 11 
 Kings , 12; Karepoosa , 12 
 Mercedes, 82; oacr anient 
 
 10, 
 
 11,12,13; San Joaquin , 10,11, 
 12, 13; Stanislaus , 11,93,94; 
 Tuoloimie , 11,91, 94, 111, 117, 
 
 120, 133, 143 
 
 Rivers, principal, 10 
 
 Rocker, miner 1 s, 186 
 
 Rocky Mountains 9 
 
 Routes, of travel 18 
 
 Sacramento City 47 
 
 Sacramento River 10,11,12,13 
 
 Sacramento Valley 10,11 
 
 Salmon 48*160 
 
 Salmon Falls 48,60,64,67,69 
 
 San Bias 39 
 
 San Francisco, Bay of, 10; climate of, 46^ 
 description of, 46 , 167-177 , 180; 
 gambling at, 75, 179; journey 
 
 to, 70;residence at, 71-76 
 
 San Joaquin River 10,11,12,13 
 
 San Joaquin Valley 10-11 
 
 San Jose , i e x i c o 42 
 
 Santa Anna. Mexico 31 
 
- 23 - 
 
 Savage ' s Diggings 82,83,130 
 
 Savage '~s Indians 82,83 
 
 Seasons of Cal if ornia 15 
 
 Secretary of War 197-199 
 
 senate of the United States 197-199 
 
 Sharks 43 
 
 Sherlock 1 s Diggings 84-90 
 
 Ship, Chateaubr ±and , 177 
 
 Sickness -59 
 
 Sierra Madre 23 
 
 Sierra Nevada 10,16 
 
 Signorita Bar Company( gold mining) 
 
 171-172 
 
 Singing at mines 106-116 
 
 Slaves, at mines, 155 
 
 Snow 82,106-116 
 
 Snowy Range 10 
 
 Soil, in California 16 
 
 Sonoma 9 
 
 Son or a 94-95,108,111,141 
 
 Southern vines 77-122,123-166 
 
 SP EAR , T . G . , hymn composer 45 
 
 Square miles in Cal if ornia 9 
 
 Stanislaus River 93 
 
 Statistics of companies 171-175 
 
 Stephen s Bar Draining & fining 
 
 Company (gold mining) 172 
 
 Stockton 77,78 
 
 Storage, in mining town 70 
 
 Store , C ol onel Jackson* s 125 
 
 Submarine labor 186 
 
 Success, instances of, 111 
 
 Suicide, in California , 72 
 
 Sullivan' s Camp ■ 139 
 
 Sullivan' s Diggings 94 
 
 Sunday, observance of, 140 
 
- 24 - 
 
 SUTTER, John, 17 
 
 Sutter f s Fort- -- 47 
 
 Sutter ; s Mill 59 
 
 Tarn as gal , sweat bath of Indians 122 
 
 Tampico- 21 7 22^180 
 
 Tarantulas 30 
 
 Taxation of foreigners at mines 159 
 
 Third Bar Company (gold mining) 172-173 
 
 Thomas ffaters , barque, 21 
 
 THOMPSON, R.E. 148 
 
 Tierra Caliente 23 
 
 Tocotes 37 
 
 Tomuvin River , Mexico , 25 
 
 Topography of mining area 99,100,102 
 
 Traveler's fare, 29 
 
 Tuolornne River 11,91,94,111,117 
 
 . 120,133,143 
 
 Tuolumne 79 
 
 TYSON, P. T. 197-199 
 
 Uni ted States , Clerk in the Mint of, 
 
 194-196 
 
 Senate of the, 197-199 
 
 Uxbridge 77 
 
 Variety of gold deposits 184 
 
 Vernui, Mexico- • 30 
 
 Vice 187-190 
 
 Villa de Vallee 23 
 
 Volcanic, area in Mexico 38,39 
 
 Volcanic mountain 38-39 
 
 Voyage to California 21-48 
 
-■- 25 - 
 
 WADS WORTH* Captain, 98-99 , 100, 106 
 
 V/ages', in mining apeas, 89 
 
 in San Francisco , 76 
 
 Washing for Qold 51 
 
 Washington Ci ty 65 
 
 Weaver's Creek 60,61,62 ,65 
 
 Wild Yankee Company ( gold mining) 174 
 
 \7ing-dams 153, 155 
 
 Women, in Cal if orni a 75 
 
 Wood's Diggings 94,96,113 
 
 Yellow Jackets 65 
 
 York Bar Company ( gold mining) 175 
 
 York town 94,112 
 
 Yuba 11 
 
 314593 
 
- 26 - 
 
 DANIEL B. WOCDS, a young Philadelphian, 
 came to California in February, 1849, and 
 spent sixteen months searching for gold 
 before returning home. 
 
 His friends at home urged him to keep 
 notes of his experiences in California 
 mining region. '.Then his mining compan- 
 ions discovered that he kept a record of 
 their fortunes and misfortunes in the 
 mines, they urged him to prepare his 
 journal for publication. The result was 
 ;, 3ixteen Months at the Gold Diggins." 
 This was his only literary effort. 
 
 No data c^re available of &r« ".7 o ad's 
 other activities before and after his 
 California experiences, and no record of 
 the dates of his birth or his death 
 could be found by the workers on this 
 Project. 
 
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