A A --1 JD n ==^= JD 3 / 3 =^=; CD 171 "^ 7 xl 9 ==^ 1 1 — ' 3 Wormald Chemical jingles for bimglers / THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES ..J^^. *^£ .V J ( '' f4^/^) CHEMICAL JINGLES FOK BUNGLERS, BY ONE OF THEM. " These few precepts in thy memory Look thou character." (ffi.atttt»rti»0e ; H. W. Wallis, 24, Sidney Street. 1894. OATE SHILLING. ?1^ PREFACE. Witli Fenton's analytical tables before him tbe chemical novice works through the numbered bottles in the laboratory smoothly enough ; but if he shut the book up or leave it behind him the case is altered- Scientists will laugh at the following doggrel : it is enough for the compiler that the great Gothe did not despise similar reminders. He gives us a specimen : " Ober-Yssel ; viel Morast Macht das gute Land verhasst." It is not less philosophical to teach Chemical Manipulation by rhyme, than to teach the genders of Latin nouns by the same method. 918M1 DEY Ti:STS. I. Q IOn the charcoal if yon blow, 7J W^everal solids you may knowJl> Hf o^'j Hydrarge and ^1;/?^ volatilise /^ And ^.s'-, like garlic, wets your eyes : ^ Or you may get a whitish crust ; Nn^^i/ '/Tis Am or Air'or A.s^ combust : l^hen heated yellov^ white when cold, (Assures us that we Zinc behold : -pj^ j; (But if the yellow cold we see. The salt will Lead or Bismuth be ; 10 Cl "jA brown is Cadmium. : white or black. We test again on different tack. If the substance deflagrate, A/yt-A , \ Of N or C/i/oy, it is the -ate.^ II. The white with Nitrate of Cobalt Turns blue for Aluminium salt ; K phosphate too may blue be seen, But if the substance tm-u to green 'Tis further evidence of Zinc : Magnesium gives a palhd pink. 20 III. A residue of black will need Betesting by the borax bead ; While Chrom is green, and Co is blue, Green hot, blue cold is sign of Cu ; But in reducing flame 'tis said That Copper turns from blue to red. The change is helped by adding tin. A violet bead from Man you win ; But if the violet verge on brown, 'You write the metal Niche! down : 30 Iron will give a rusty buif , Or bottle green reduced enough. IV. But if a metal granulate On Carbon, add Na-carbonate, 1 i.e. Salts of Mercury and Ammonium. 2 An arsenic compound. 3 Ammonium, Antimony or Arsenic salt, 4 i.e. a Nitrate or Chlorate. And heat it in reducing flame ; A rod mass you may Coj)j)er name ; Beads malleaLle are Lead or Tin, Or Si/rer, if no crust come in : A liismuth bead will flatten little, ^<*y^ '''^^". And Antimouifs bead is brittle. . '' ' ^^ V. Take some stuff" on platinum wire, Moistened first with Hydrochlor ; Note the colour of the fire, Eecollecting YiBGYOE.i Violet is PotnsK'ni))! seen, Blue are Arsenic and his fellow,- Bar. and Bar. and Cu are green, Sodium is yellow : Orange Calcium puts on, Crimson red betokens Sfron. 50 VT. Yolatilisers you may thrust In dry bulb with some charcoal dust And Sodium Carbonate, when Ah Will throw a mirror on the glass : ^fetallic Mffciiri/ sublimates ; Its smell an Atn- salt indicates. ANALYSTS OF 3IETALS. Grdip I. If with Hydrochlor we souse Silver, Lead, or Mercurous AVhilf [irecipitates we make : "With Ammonia we shake ; 60 Silver clears, but Lend is stable. Mercury tunis as black as sable. > Vil'/iYOTl, the initials of the colours of the prism, Violet, In'li^fo, iJliie, Or<;cn. Yellow, Oranpe, Red. But here Indigo is ornilt*;d and the first two letters VI may be taken to represent Violet. 2 A nriiir means etymologically the luale metal ; its " fellow " \k Antimnny, caliefl Vjy Dioscorides gynaiceum, the female metal, (II KingH ix. .'JO ; Jer. iv. ?M ; Ezek. xxiii. 40). The two metals are diiitin^^iahed by Marsh's tei4;. Griiour II. Eight metals of the second group To Sulphuretted H must stoop. («) Ai'senic, Antimony, Tin, Dissolve Ammonium-Sulphide in ; Arsenic too in Carbonate, The others leave precipitate : Dissolve it up in Hydrochlor, And this on Zinc and Platinum pour ; 70 If you see a stain of black, Antimonu you may back. Corrosive sub. reduces well In Stannous salts to Calomel. {h) L M B C Ci deride The charms of NII^ sulphide : Nitric solves them, (save mercuric), Lead is brought down by sulphuric : Ammonia Bismuth will subdue, And Copper tm-n to liquid blue ; 80 Yellow is only Cadiniuinh hue. Group III. Add a few drops of Nitric and boil. Else Iron may play us a trick ; For Ferrous our efforts will foil, Until oxidised to Ferric. To exclude salts of Man. and of Mag., We next have to add Salmiac ; ^ Then Ammonia gives us a slag^ Of the metals beginning with FAC."* ♦ Without care we may here be at sea, 90 Phosphates milky as if from the dairy With Molybdate and HNO3 Will give us the colour canary. 1 Lead. Mercuric, Bismuth, Copper, Cadmium. 2 The German name for NH^Cl. 3 i.e. Precipitate, not an exact use of the term, 4 Ferrum, Aluminium, Chromium. 8 Solve tlie slag in salt-acid^ anew ; A dash of Ferrocyanide Will give us the colour of blue, If Iron be what we have tried. A solution which does not remain Under caustic,'- yet clears witli excess, And by salmiac's sullied again, 100 Aluminium ought to express. Now Chrome is the last of these metals. Which again is brought down by Ammonia, Of purple-white hue when it settles : The whole of Group III I have shewn ye. Group IV. Fourth group of metals we decide By Ammonium Sulphide : If precipitate it blacks, Make a bead with some borax ; Cohalt gives a lustrous blue, 110 Nickel shews a dirtier hue. Lighter sediments than these Are given by Zinc and Manganese : Boil them up in llydrochlor. Caustic gives us dregs once more : If these are solvent in excess. Pass a dose of II.^S ; If white again begin to sink. We may say the metal's Zinc : But if the caiLstic sediment 120 Seem to be more ponnanent. Shake it till it tunis to brown ; Thus is Mfitigancae made known. Groli' V. With Am-carbonate derive Precipitates from Cluster Five : Hydrochlor will clear the scum. But must be a minimum. 1 Hydrochloric aci'l, btcauHC derived from Na CI {Oerm. Salzsaure). 2 KOH or Na OH. To a portion add some gypsum/ Quick or slow it may precip. some : BiiriiDu comes at once to view, 130 Slow and warmed conies Strontium too : Oxalic and Ammonia joined In other portion Calcium find. Group VI. If b}^ this time you're not prostrate, Seek MfKjiiesiiini with Phosphate. Group VII. Boil the stuff with caustic soda Am will give Ammonia's odoiu' ; Flame of violet shews you K, Yellow flame intense is A7^ EXABIINATION FOR ACID RADICLES. The solid substance should be mated ^^^ With Sulphuric concentrated : If Carbonic effervesce- 'Twill give limewater milkiness ; But if it burn as n-ell,^ you state Oxalate, not Carbonate. Other gases you excite From the Sniphs, both -ide and -ite ; Both are smelly ; both are seen Reducing Bichromate to green ; While Sulphide only will attack, loO Lead acetate and turn it black. Better try these salts once more , (Save Oxalate) -with Hydrochlor. Chloride, Bromide, Iodide, Clouds and vapours will decide. If a white cloud passes o'er. We may further try for Cli/or. 1 Calcium .Sulphate. 2 i.e. if a Carbonate be present. 3 i.e. if VjO is given off, as well as CO2. 10 With liquuP^ stuff again begin And pass some Silver Nitrate in ; From Chloride, Silver Chloride settles 160 (See action in Fii-st Group of Metals) : In Ammonia this is sol, But in Nitric not at all. Iodide gives a violet vapour, Turning blue a starch paste paper ; Chlorine-water liberates I, Shake it up with Carbon-Di., Bringing out a purple dye. For " blue " and " purple," brown and buff", Brom- (not lod)- ide's the stuff. 170 Light yellow clouds you hardly see Denote n salt of NO./ But if yellow means a chlorate. It ma}' explode, and you deplore it. For Tdrtratcs blackening is the clue, Evolving CO one and two.^ If Sulphuric gives no effervescence. The SulpludcH with Chloride of Barium Will give us a milky excrescence : Hydrochloric and Nitric won't vary 'm. jgo To a Nitrate solution we bring Ferrous sulphate, and then a few drops Of Sulphuric will form a brown ring, Where one liquid the other o'ertops. For PJiosphates and Arsenates dip In Molybdate as mentioned in III ;^ Silver nitrate too gives a precip. ; P's yellow, A's ruddy will be. Strong Sulpliuric and "just a wee drap" Of Spirits an Acetate graiJ(j)les ; 190 For heat them together we tap Ethyl acetate smelling of apples. 1 If we have to ileal witli an iiiHoluble chloride fe.{,'. calomel, Hg CI.) a/Jfl firrsfc KOII (or NaOII;, formiuf,' KCl (or NaClj : then excesH of HNOa Uj get rid of any KOH (or NaOH) remaining o/er, and then AgNO^. ThuH we avoid getting a Vjrown precipitate of AgOH. 2 i.e. a Nitrate ; hcc below, IH], 3 Compare Oxalate, Hi. * Line 'JO. 11 TO TEST AN ALLOY. Alloy you evaporate placed in a bowl Of liquid half nitric, and water the rest : Then fill with acidified water the whole/ Boil and filter : the filtrate as usual test. The precipitate, thoroughly washed, can contain Only compounds of -^^i'., Stannic Tin, or o'l Bi ; But the last doesn't matter ; ytju'U meet it again In the filtrate : so only for others you try. 200 Digest with Am-Sulpliide, and filter the mass ; Some yellowish dregs with salt-acid you grip : Then Zinc will make stannic to stannous salt pass, When hot and strong salt-acid solves the precip. Then proceed as in Group II. A white precipitate at the end is only Sulphur. REDUCERS AND OXIDISERS. A general form you won't deny. For salts will he M^ E- : If reduction you perplex Reduce the ratio y to x ; A reducing agent thus Converts an -ic salt, into -ous. 210 To diminish x to y, sir, You must use an oxidiser ; This from -ous an -ic supplies ye. REDUCERS. H itself, and Hydracids of S and of I, Stannous Chloride and Sidphur-0., Will reduce ferric salts, as you may descry By FeiTz'cyanide turning blue. For Ferric denies to FerrZ-cyanide, What both of them grant to Ferro ; - But Ferr/f, when KCNS is applied, 220 Gives a red which no Ferrous can shew. 1 That is to say, wheu the evaporation has been carried out nearly to dryness, you add a droi) or two of Nitric acid again and fill up with water. 2 Namely, the blue coloration . Compare line 9."). 12 Bichromate of Potash, when treated with II, AVill reduce to a hasylous green ; lIoS, SOo the same colour will fetch, As for Sulph-ides and -ites has been seen.^ SO., will an arsen-nfc turn to an -ite ; yulphuric diluted and Ki - Will form Ilydriodic, which Ferr<> will bite Giving -OHs, Hydrochlor and free 1. Stannous chloride one atom of Chlorine subtracts, 230 From Cor. Sub., then the other as well ; ' As reducer on Cupric solutions it acts. Made from Sulphate and Hydro-Cl. OXIDISEIiS. Two K salts, — Bichrom. and Perman. — Chlor-water, and HNO., Are good oxidisers, which can From Dyad to Triad raise Fe.^ Hypochlorites of Na and of Lime, With soda and mangauous salt Will give the peroxide : sublime, 240 One-third of the will not halt. PREPARATION OF CHLORIDES, {a) From C/ilorine. If metals directly with Chlorine unite To form chlorides, they're spelt with an "i ;" Zinc and trivalent Iron the gas will ignite, K and Na, As. An. Tin, Cuivre and Blei.^ (Jhromic oxide and cliarcoal dust thoroughly mix, Stream of Chlor gives on heating (Jro.^ Cl,j, And chromic gives divalent chromous cld(jride, If a dry stream of Hydrogen you can provide. {b) From Hydrochloric Acid. Salt-acid many cldorides settles 050 From (Jxides, Hydrates, Salts and Metals ; 1 Line 148. •- KI, :i monosyll;iV>l<:. •'! ThiM ih u;ill<;en We substitute a lialogen, (253) But add a Hal. to every H 'Twill decompose to three of each. (254) Phenol (269) (0,11,011). The phenol which in tar is blended An alkali will hold suspended ; 420 1 Monoyod = Ethyl iodide, C2H5I. 2 Oxalic acid. 3 Formic acid, HCOOII. * Acetic acid, CH3 COOH. •■•' Lactic acid (C2H4.OH.COOH). 19 We tlieu precipitate once more From heavy oil with Hydrochlor. Aniline (258, 260). {CJI^ NH,). Nitric to Ben Nitro prefixes, Hence Aniline when with H it mixes. Benzoic Acid (283). {C^B., COOH). Benzole's phenyl plus a COOH : Unite benzene and CO,. Salicylic Acid (298). (CgH, OH. COOH). For H we put a hydroxyl The acid now is salicyl : Its Na-salt from Na- phenolate By C0.2 we separate. 430 Urea (200) CO (NH.,)^. Urea and ammon- cyanate Are isomers ; associate Ammonia and gas phosgene Urea and Hydrochlor are seen. Dissolved in sodium hyp-chlorite. C,N, salt, water come to light. F. W. Talbot, Printer, 19, Sussex Street, CAMURiwiE. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. '"" "RtCO UKL Li) OCTl ru^ IGHURl 21981 Form L0-17m-8.'55(B3339K4)444 THE L1I5KAUV UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES (jci\floi'ci === piMPHlET BINDER ' Syracuse, N. Y. StocWon, Colif. UC SOUTHERN RFGinNAl I IBRARY FACILITY AA 000 373 791 3