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 Chemical jingles for bimglers 
 
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 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 ..J^^. 
 
 *^£ 
 
 .V 
 
 J 
 
 ( '' 
 
 f4^/^) 
 
 CHEMICAL JINGLES 
 
 FOK 
 
 BUNGLERS, 
 
 BY ONE OF THEM. 
 
 " These few precepts in thy memory 
 Look thou character." 
 
 (ffi.atttt»rti»0e ; 
 
 H. W. Wallis, 24, Sidney Street. 
 1894. 
 
 OATE SHILLING.
 
 ?1^ 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 Witli Fenton's analytical tables before him tbe 
 chemical novice works through the numbered bottles 
 in the laboratory smoothly enough ; but if he shut 
 the book up or leave it behind him the case is altered- 
 Scientists will laugh at the following doggrel : it is 
 enough for the compiler that the great Gothe did not 
 despise similar reminders. He gives us a specimen : 
 
 " Ober-Yssel ; viel Morast 
 Macht das gute Land verhasst." 
 
 It is not less philosophical to teach Chemical 
 Manipulation by rhyme, than to teach the genders of 
 Latin nouns by the same method. 
 
 918M1
 
 DEY Ti:STS. 
 
 I. Q IOn the charcoal if yon blow, 7J 
 W^everal solids you may knowJl> 
 Hf o^'j Hydrarge and ^1;/?^ volatilise 
 /^ And ^.s'-, like garlic, wets your eyes : ^ 
 Or you may get a whitish crust ; 
 Nn^^i/ '/Tis Am or Air'or A.s^ combust : 
 
 l^hen heated yellov^ white when cold, 
 (Assures us that we Zinc behold : 
 -pj^ j; (But if the yellow cold we see. 
 
 The salt will Lead or Bismuth be ; 10 
 
 Cl "jA brown is Cadmium. : white or black. 
 We test again on different tack. 
 If the substance deflagrate, 
 A/yt-A , \ Of N or C/i/oy, it is the -ate.^ 
 
 II. The white with Nitrate of Cobalt 
 Turns blue for Aluminium salt ; 
 
 K phosphate too may blue be seen, 
 
 But if the substance tm-u to green 
 
 'Tis further evidence of Zinc : 
 
 Magnesium gives a palhd pink. 20 
 
 III. A residue of black will need 
 Betesting by the borax bead ; 
 While Chrom is green, and Co is blue, 
 Green hot, blue cold is sign of Cu ; 
 But in reducing flame 'tis said 
 
 That Copper turns from blue to red. 
 The change is helped by adding tin. 
 A violet bead from Man you win ; 
 But if the violet verge on brown, 
 'You write the metal Niche! down : 30 
 
 Iron will give a rusty buif , 
 Or bottle green reduced enough. 
 
 IV. But if a metal granulate 
 
 On Carbon, add Na-carbonate, 
 
 1 i.e. Salts of Mercury and Ammonium. 
 
 2 An arsenic compound. 
 
 3 Ammonium, Antimony or Arsenic salt, 
 
 4 i.e. a Nitrate or Chlorate.
 
 And heat it in reducing flame ; 
 
 A rod mass you may Coj)j)er name ; 
 
 Beads malleaLle are Lead or Tin, 
 
 Or Si/rer, if no crust come in : 
 
 A liismuth bead will flatten little, ^<*y^ '''^^". 
 
 And Antimouifs bead is brittle. . '' ' ^^ 
 
 V. Take some stuff" on platinum wire, 
 
 Moistened first with Hydrochlor ; 
 Note the colour of the fire, 
 
 Eecollecting YiBGYOE.i 
 Violet is PotnsK'ni))! seen, 
 
 Blue are Arsenic and his fellow,- 
 Bar. and Bar. and Cu are green, 
 
 Sodium is yellow : 
 Orange Calcium puts on, 
 Crimson red betokens Sfron. 50 
 
 VT. Yolatilisers you may thrust 
 
 In dry bulb with some charcoal dust 
 And Sodium Carbonate, when Ah 
 Will throw a mirror on the glass : 
 ^fetallic Mffciiri/ sublimates ; 
 Its smell an Atn- salt indicates. 
 
 ANALYSTS OF 3IETALS. 
 
 Grdip I. 
 
 If with Hydrochlor we souse 
 
 Silver, Lead, or Mercurous 
 
 AVhilf [irecipitates we make : 
 
 "With Ammonia we shake ; 60 
 
 Silver clears, but Lend is stable. 
 
 Mercury tunis as black as sable. 
 
 > Vil'/iYOTl, the initials of the colours of the prism, Violet, 
 In'li^fo, iJliie, Or<;cn. Yellow, Oranpe, Red. But here Indigo is 
 ornilt*;d and the first two letters VI may be taken to represent 
 Violet. 
 
 2 A nriiir means etymologically the luale metal ; its " fellow " 
 \k Antimnny, caliefl Vjy Dioscorides gynaiceum, the female metal, 
 (II KingH ix. .'JO ; Jer. iv. ?M ; Ezek. xxiii. 40). The two metals are 
 diiitin^^iahed by Marsh's tei4;.
 
 Griiour II. 
 
 Eight metals of the second group 
 To Sulphuretted H must stoop. 
 
 («) Ai'senic, Antimony, Tin, 
 
 Dissolve Ammonium-Sulphide in ; 
 
 Arsenic too in Carbonate, 
 
 The others leave precipitate : 
 
 Dissolve it up in Hydrochlor, 
 
 And this on Zinc and Platinum pour ; 70 
 
 If you see a stain of black, 
 
 Antimonu you may back. 
 
 Corrosive sub. reduces well 
 
 In Stannous salts to Calomel. 
 
 {h) L M B C Ci deride 
 
 The charms of NII^ sulphide : 
 
 Nitric solves them, (save mercuric), 
 
 Lead is brought down by sulphuric : 
 
 Ammonia Bismuth will subdue, 
 
 And Copper tm-n to liquid blue ; 80 
 
 Yellow is only Cadiniuinh hue. 
 
 Group III. 
 
 Add a few drops of Nitric and boil. 
 
 Else Iron may play us a trick ; 
 For Ferrous our efforts will foil, 
 
 Until oxidised to Ferric. 
 
 To exclude salts of Man. and of Mag., 
 
 We next have to add Salmiac ; ^ 
 Then Ammonia gives us a slag^ 
 
 Of the metals beginning with FAC."* 
 
 ♦ 
 
 Without care we may here be at sea, 90 
 
 Phosphates milky as if from the dairy 
 
 With Molybdate and HNO3 
 Will give us the colour canary. 
 
 1 Lead. Mercuric, Bismuth, Copper, Cadmium. 
 
 2 The German name for NH^Cl. 
 
 3 i.e. Precipitate, not an exact use of the term, 
 
 4 Ferrum, Aluminium, Chromium.
 
 8 
 
 Solve tlie slag in salt-acid^ anew ; 
 
 A dash of Ferrocyanide 
 Will give us the colour of blue, 
 
 If Iron be what we have tried. 
 
 A solution which does not remain 
 
 Under caustic,'- yet clears witli excess, 
 
 And by salmiac's sullied again, 100 
 
 Aluminium ought to express. 
 
 Now Chrome is the last of these metals. 
 
 Which again is brought down by Ammonia, 
 
 Of purple-white hue when it settles : 
 
 The whole of Group III I have shewn ye. 
 
 Group IV. 
 
 Fourth group of metals we decide 
 
 By Ammonium Sulphide : 
 
 If precipitate it blacks, 
 
 Make a bead with some borax ; 
 
 Cohalt gives a lustrous blue, 110 
 
 Nickel shews a dirtier hue. 
 
 Lighter sediments than these 
 
 Are given by Zinc and Manganese : 
 
 Boil them up in llydrochlor. 
 
 Caustic gives us dregs once more : 
 
 If these are solvent in excess. 
 
 Pass a dose of II.^S ; 
 
 If white again begin to sink. 
 
 We may say the metal's Zinc : 
 
 But if the caiLstic sediment 120 
 
 Seem to be more ponnanent. 
 
 Shake it till it tunis to brown ; 
 
 Thus is Mfitigancae made known. 
 
 Groli' V. 
 
 With Am-carbonate derive 
 Precipitates from Cluster Five : 
 Hydrochlor will clear the scum. 
 But must be a minimum. 
 
 1 Hydrochloric aci'l, btcauHC derived from Na CI {Oerm. 
 Salzsaure). 
 
 2 KOH or Na OH.
 
 
 
 To a portion add some gypsum/ 
 
 Quick or slow it may precip. some : 
 
 BiiriiDu comes at once to view, 130 
 
 Slow and warmed conies Strontium too : 
 
 Oxalic and Ammonia joined 
 
 In other portion Calcium find. 
 
 Group VI. 
 
 If b}^ this time you're not prostrate, 
 Seek MfKjiiesiiini with Phosphate. 
 
 Group VII. 
 
 Boil the stuff with caustic soda 
 Am will give Ammonia's odoiu' ; 
 Flame of violet shews you K, 
 Yellow flame intense is A7^ 
 
 EXABIINATION FOR ACID RADICLES. 
 
 The solid substance should be mated ^^^ 
 
 With Sulphuric concentrated : 
 If Carbonic effervesce- 
 'Twill give limewater milkiness ; 
 But if it burn as n-ell,^ you state 
 Oxalate, not Carbonate. 
 Other gases you excite 
 From the Sniphs, both -ide and -ite ; 
 Both are smelly ; both are seen 
 Reducing Bichromate to green ; 
 While Sulphide only will attack, loO 
 
 Lead acetate and turn it black. 
 Better try these salts once more 
 , (Save Oxalate) -with Hydrochlor. 
 
 Chloride, Bromide, Iodide, 
 Clouds and vapours will decide. 
 If a white cloud passes o'er. 
 We may further try for Cli/or. 
 
 1 Calcium .Sulphate. 
 
 2 i.e. if a Carbonate be present. 
 
 3 i.e. if VjO is given off, as well as CO2.
 
 10 
 
 With liquuP^ stuff again begin 
 
 And pass some Silver Nitrate in ; 
 
 From Chloride, Silver Chloride settles 160 
 
 (See action in Fii-st Group of Metals) : 
 
 In Ammonia this is sol, 
 
 But in Nitric not at all. 
 
 Iodide gives a violet vapour, 
 Turning blue a starch paste paper ; 
 Chlorine-water liberates I, 
 Shake it up with Carbon-Di., 
 Bringing out a purple dye. 
 
 For " blue " and " purple," brown and buff", 
 
 Brom- (not lod)- ide's the stuff. 170 
 
 Light yellow clouds you hardly see 
 
 Denote n salt of NO./ 
 
 But if yellow means a chlorate. 
 
 It ma}' explode, and you deplore it. 
 
 For Tdrtratcs blackening is the clue, 
 
 Evolving CO one and two.^ 
 
 If Sulphuric gives no effervescence. 
 
 The SulpludcH with Chloride of Barium 
 
 Will give us a milky excrescence : 
 
 Hydrochloric and Nitric won't vary 'm. jgo 
 
 To a Nitrate solution we bring 
 
 Ferrous sulphate, and then a few drops 
 
 Of Sulphuric will form a brown ring, 
 Where one liquid the other o'ertops. 
 
 For PJiosphates and Arsenates dip 
 In Molybdate as mentioned in III ;^ 
 
 Silver nitrate too gives a precip. ; 
 P's yellow, A's ruddy will be. 
 
 Strong Sulpliuric and "just a wee drap" 
 
 Of Spirits an Acetate graiJ(j)les ; 190 
 
 For heat them together we tap 
 Ethyl acetate smelling of apples. 
 
 1 If we have to ileal witli an iiiHoluble chloride fe.{,'. calomel, 
 Hg CI.) a/Jfl firrsfc KOII (or NaOII;, formiuf,' KCl (or NaClj : then 
 excesH of HNOa Uj get rid of any KOH (or NaOH) remaining o/er, 
 and then AgNO^. ThuH we avoid getting a Vjrown precipitate of 
 AgOH. 
 
 2 i.e. a Nitrate ; hcc below, IH], 
 
 3 Compare Oxalate, Hi. 
 * Line 'JO.
 
 11 
 
 TO TEST AN ALLOY. 
 
 Alloy you evaporate placed in a bowl 
 Of liquid half nitric, and water the rest : 
 
 Then fill with acidified water the whole/ 
 Boil and filter : the filtrate as usual test. 
 
 The precipitate, thoroughly washed, can contain 
 Only compounds of -^^i'., Stannic Tin, or o'l Bi ; 
 
 But the last doesn't matter ; ytju'U meet it again 
 
 In the filtrate : so only for others you try. 200 
 
 Digest with Am-Sulpliide, and filter the mass ; 
 
 Some yellowish dregs with salt-acid you grip : 
 Then Zinc will make stannic to stannous salt pass, 
 
 When hot and strong salt-acid solves the precip. 
 
 Then proceed as in Group II. A white precipitate 
 at the end is only Sulphur. 
 
 REDUCERS AND OXIDISERS. 
 
 A general form you won't deny. 
 
 For salts will he M^ E- : 
 
 If reduction you perplex 
 
 Reduce the ratio y to x ; 
 
 A reducing agent thus 
 
 Converts an -ic salt, into -ous. 210 
 
 To diminish x to y, sir, 
 
 You must use an oxidiser ; 
 
 This from -ous an -ic supplies ye. 
 
 REDUCERS. 
 
 H itself, and Hydracids of S and of I, 
 
 Stannous Chloride and Sidphur-0., 
 Will reduce ferric salts, as you may descry 
 
 By FeiTz'cyanide turning blue. 
 
 For Ferric denies to FerrZ-cyanide, 
 
 What both of them grant to Ferro ; - 
 But Ferr/f, when KCNS is applied, 220 
 
 Gives a red which no Ferrous can shew. 
 
 1 That is to say, wheu the evaporation has been carried out 
 nearly to dryness, you add a droi) or two of Nitric acid again and 
 fill up with water. 
 
 2 Namely, the blue coloration . Compare line 9.").
 
 12 
 
 Bichromate of Potash, when treated with II, 
 
 AVill reduce to a hasylous green ; 
 lIoS, SOo the same colour will fetch, 
 
 As for Sulph-ides and -ites has been seen.^ 
 
 SO., will an arsen-nfc turn to an -ite ; 
 
 yulphuric diluted and Ki - 
 Will form Ilydriodic, which Ferr<> will bite 
 
 Giving -OHs, Hydrochlor and free 1. 
 
 Stannous chloride one atom of Chlorine subtracts, 230 
 From Cor. Sub., then the other as well ; ' 
 
 As reducer on Cupric solutions it acts. 
 Made from Sulphate and Hydro-Cl. 
 
 OXIDISEIiS. 
 
 Two K salts, — Bichrom. and Perman. — 
 
 Chlor-water, and HNO., 
 Are good oxidisers, which can 
 
 From Dyad to Triad raise Fe.^ 
 
 Hypochlorites of Na and of Lime, 
 
 With soda and mangauous salt 
 Will give the peroxide : sublime, 240 
 
 One-third of the will not halt. 
 
 PREPARATION OF CHLORIDES, 
 {a) From C/ilorine. 
 
 If metals directly with Chlorine unite 
 
 To form chlorides, they're spelt with an "i ;" 
 
 Zinc and trivalent Iron the gas will ignite, 
 K and Na, As. An. Tin, Cuivre and Blei.^ 
 
 (Jhromic oxide and cliarcoal dust thoroughly mix, 
 Stream of Chlor gives on heating (Jro.^ Cl,j, 
 And chromic gives divalent chromous cld(jride, 
 If a dry stream of Hydrogen you can provide. 
 
 {b) From Hydrochloric Acid. 
 
 Salt-acid many cldorides settles 050 
 
 From (Jxides, Hydrates, Salts and Metals ; 
 
 1 Line 148. 
 
 •- KI, :i monosyll;iV>l<:. 
 
 •'! ThiM ih u;ill<;<l th<; Mun/iii- T«;8t, .lince wo get first a n-hitc pre- 
 ci\i\XAiUi of Ciiloincl, and then a hind; jneciintate of Mercury. 
 
 \ Line H2. 
 
 3 We Utte Fiencli Ciiirre, Copper, and German JJl/i, Lead, to 
 preserve the " i " bpelling.
 
 13 
 
 From Ferrous Iron and Zinc again, 
 As seen in making- Hydrogen ; ^ 
 From Aqua llegia Cl^ 
 Combines with Mercury and Cu. 
 
 The cup/v'c oxide, both of Fe, 
 
 Manganic (giving Chlor as well) 
 The caustic h}^drates, NH3 
 
 And Group I salts join H CL- 
 
 (c) From other Chlorides. 
 
 Metallic mercury we win, 260 
 
 If either chloride act on tin ; 
 
 Stannous or -ic chloride comes in. 
 
 Stannous chlor. reduces too "^ 
 
 Chlorides of Mcrciir// and Cu ; 
 
 That is, both Merc and Cupric Chlor 
 
 Oxidise Stan-chlor two to four. 
 
 Corrosive sub. and mer. combined. 
 
 Sublimed or rubbed will calomel find : 
 
 So Cu and Cupric chlor espouse, — 
 
 Excluding air, — and form cuprous. 270 
 
 A chloride of the alkalis, 
 To any first group salt applies. 
 From either mercury sulphate 
 With common salt, a sublimate 
 Of chloride mercuro?^s or -ic, 
 On upper part of tube will stick. 
 
 PREPARATION OF NITRATES. 
 
 [a] From Nitric acid and a metal. 
 
 Nitric acid forms nitrates, 
 
 H it never liberates ; 
 
 For H the Nitric reattacks. 
 
 Sticking to its Os like wax. 280 
 
 Clouds you may or may not see 
 
 Any nitroxide may be. 
 
 Zinc gives nitrous, N.^O 
 
 Copper -trie (by Cs you know). 
 
 Silver gives brown N.^O.^ 
 
 Ammonium-nitrate comes with Fe. 
 
 1 Line 306. 2 Line 57. 3 Line 230.
 
 (b) From Oxides. 
 
 From Lead and Cupper and Alum ^ 
 The nitrate will from oxide come. 
 
 (c) From Sa/ts. 
 
 For alkalines, Man. Mag and Lead, 
 
 You use the carbonate instead. 290 
 
 rSEFVL CHAIN of double decompositions 
 forming chlorides and nitrates : tlie ingredients on the 
 left-hand side of the equations only are mentioned. 
 
 Hydrochlor and calcic car. 
 Calcic clilor and sulph. of bar. 
 Baric chlor, Na NO.j 
 Baric Nit. and Sulph. of Fe. 
 
 PREPAUATION OF SULPHATES. 
 
 Sulphuric acid acts on blocks 
 
 Of Zinc or Iron or Cupric Ox, 
 
 And gives the vitriols, white, green, blue,^ 
 
 The vowels alike will give the cue. 
 
 From sulphates no precips arrive 
 
 Except for lead and Cluster Five. 300 
 
 Tlie monads KAN •* and triads FAC ' 
 
 Form double sulpliates : halve and tack 
 
 Twelve aqs. on : alums' formulae. 
 
 As K Al (SOJ/- 12 aquae. 
 
 PliEPARAnON OF GASES, S^c. 
 
 Hydrogen. 
 
 l"'rom liydrochlor or vit'^ dilute 
 CJn iron or zinc a gas will slioot ; 
 'Tis H : so K or Fe will fetch 
 From steam the 0, and leave the H. 
 
 1 i.e. Aluminium. 
 
 2 White vitriol is zinc sulphate, green vitriol i.s ferrous sulphate 
 blue vitriol Ih cupric Hu!phate. 
 
 3 KAX, Kalium (Pota-ssium), Ammonium, Natrium (Sodium). 
 
 4 FAC. Ferrum, Aluminium, Chromium. 
 
 5 Pronounce Kal ho four two. 
 
 6 Vit. for Oil of Vitriol, i.e., Sulphuric Acid,
 
 15 
 
 Oxygen. 
 
 From K-chlorate we get cliloride 
 
 (First perchlorate) and beside : 310 
 
 From Manganese peroxide's glow 
 
 Or mixed witli vit.^ get eau and 0. 
 
 Nitroyen. 
 
 From air, by bmning P and Cu, 
 Take 0, and N's the residue ; 
 Amnion anrl Clilor make Salmiac 
 With 8 and 8 two N's will lack ; 
 Or heat ammonium nitrite. 
 N nothing burns save B and Tit. 
 
 CJilorine. 
 
 Salt and Vit.^ give Hydrochlor, 
 
 And this or they with Man. perox. 320 
 
 Extract the elemental Chlor 
 
 So powerful in bleaching frocks. 
 
 Hydrogen peroxide. 
 
 Perox. of Bar instead of Man 
 
 Is changed upon a different plan : 
 
 It yields the stuff whose symbols show. 
 
 The same as water plus an O. 
 
 Nitrous Oxide. (Laughing Gas) N.,0. 
 
 Am-nitrate gives us laughing gas 
 
 From Nitric povired on Zinc 'twill pass : 
 
 It does not form red fumes with NO, 
 
 Nor pyrogallic brown like 0. 330 
 
 Nitric Oxide (NO). 
 
 . From Vit., Saltpetre, Vitriol green 
 Two sulphates and NO are seen ; 
 Copper and Nitric give the same. 
 It browns green vit., and douses flame. 
 
 Nitrous Anhydride (N.2O3). 
 
 Nitric on As or Ag or Starch 
 
 Will make Nitrous anhydride march. 
 
 1 Vit. for Oil of Vitriol, i.e., Sulphuric Acid.
 
 16 
 
 Nitric Peroxide (NO, or NoOJ. 
 
 Lead Nitrate gives us NO,, 
 Or Nitric poured on tin will do 
 
 Nitric A))hi/dri(le (NoO.,). 
 
 PoO.- in Nitric, when 
 
 The' letter P is changed to N. 340 
 
 O'er silver nitrate pass dry Clo 
 
 Anhydride forms as well as 0. 
 
 Ammonia (NH3). 
 
 Ammonia's made from Amnion, sal 
 With hydrates K or Na or Cal. 
 
 Carbonic gas (CO,). 
 
 Il3drochloric poured on chalk, 
 Will make Carbonic Acid walk. 
 
 Carhou 3Ionoxide (CO). 
 
 Oxalic acid dehydrated 
 
 Bv 8ul])hurie concentrated 
 
 Gives CO, and CO, ; 
 
 If the mixture passes through 35Q 
 
 Caustic soda, one is left ^ <^„^ 
 
 Of companion gas bereft. 
 
 A FEW ORGANIC SUBSTANCES. 
 
 The numbers (in brackets) in this section refer to the jhif/r.i of 
 ■' Remsen's Organic Chemistry." 
 
 Methank {2'j). 
 
 Two disgusting smells ' are proper 
 To give Methane over Copper. 
 K-caustic, and K-acetate, /^- Qi^tl^ -vw^aJ 
 Give Methane and K-carbonate. 
 
 Ethane (34, 35, 24). 
 
 From wood we get meth-hydrate, a/r 
 
 Hydnu'id clianges this to hal.'^ 
 
 Anhydrous Na takes up again 
 
 Tlio Halogen and loaves Klhaiw. ogQ 
 
 1 H2S and CS2. '2 Al = alcohol, Hal = haloid.
 
 17 
 
 Alcohol (38). 
 
 But Ethyl-Ale. from sugar fix 
 Whose formula is six foot six ; ^ 
 The ferment gives carbonic off : 
 (So wine fermenting makes you cough). 
 
 Or if to any Paraffin, 
 We add Chlor-, Brom-, or Iod-i)ie 
 A halide comes, which boiled with K 
 Gives alcohol another way. 
 
 Organic Acids (47). 
 
 Bichromate and weak vitriol - 
 
 Knock Ho out of alcohol ; 370 
 
 And then go on to add an 0, 
 
 Whence acids of each series flow. 
 
 Ether (43). Ethyleke (212). 
 
 If vitriol's- strength and temp, you tether. 
 
 With alcohol 'twill give you Ether ; 
 
 But if the vit. is hot and strong 
 
 The al. brings Ethijicne along : 
 
 To burn a cubic foot of sucli 
 
 In air, takes fifteen times as much ; 
 
 Its chloride is the liquid Dutch. 
 
 If the combustion's incomplete, 380 
 
 From Ethylene we get Acet. (ii22) 
 
 If cuprous ox. in am. you dip. 
 
 Acetylene gives red precip. (224) 
 
 Chloroform (53, 54). 
 
 From ethyl alcohol and Chlor. 
 First aldehyde, and then with more 
 C/ihra/,'^ from which with Pot we hook 
 Chloroform and Hcnnj Cook.^ 
 
 Iodoform (28). 
 
 From ale, I, sodium carbonate 
 Result Iodoform we state. 
 
 1 CaHiaOg : halve and subtract CO2 ; we get ethyl alcohol's 
 formula. 
 
 2 Vitriol = Sulphuric Acid. 
 
 3 Chloral's syllables suggest Chlorine and ^l^cohol. 
 
 4 H.COOK = Potassium Formate.
 
 18 
 
 Ethylamine (29, 94). NH,(C,H5). 
 
 Red phosphorus and ale. and I 390 
 
 Give monoyod/ and then we shy 
 Ammonia, then caustic in, 
 And so we get Ethylamine. 
 
 aLYCERINE (147, 148). (C3H5(OH)3). 
 
 Trihydrate propyl alcohol 
 Is glycerine, which we may pull 
 AVith caustic out of mutton-fat. 
 Which is but glyceryl stearate ; 
 Leaving Na-stearate, — soap, the hard ; 
 Or K, the soft ; or Cal., the curd. 
 
 Acids. 
 
 From sugar Nitric Ac. imlocks 400 
 
 The COOH-COOll which wo call the Ox'^ (143), 
 
 And treating this with <jh/cc)-i}ie 
 
 The ant and nettle acid's^ seen (55). 
 
 Ac-ac * from ale. and platinum black ; 
 
 Hydroxy-pro. is named from lac'" (160) 
 
 You can make it, if you please, 
 
 From sugar, tart, and putrid cheese (161). 
 
 Benzene (230, 231). (C,H,). 
 
 Light and heavy oils of tar 
 
 Give the Ben-tribe of Ilydrocar. 
 
 Caustic soda solves phenol, 410 
 
 Bases yield to vitriol ; 
 
 By fractional distilment you 
 
 Get Benzene from the residue. 
 
 For every II of six in r>en 
 
 We substitute a lialogen, (253) 
 
 But add a Hal. to every H 
 
 'Twill decompose to three of each. (254) 
 
 Phenol (269) (0,11,011). 
 
 The phenol which in tar is blended 
 
 An alkali will hold suspended ; 420 
 
 1 Monoyod = Ethyl iodide, C2H5I. 2 Oxalic acid. 
 
 3 Formic acid, HCOOII. * Acetic acid, CH3 COOH. 
 
 •■•' Lactic acid (C2H4.OH.COOH).
 
 
 19 
 
 We tlieu precipitate once more 
 From heavy oil with Hydrochlor. 
 
 Aniline (258, 260). {CJI^ NH,). 
 
 Nitric to Ben Nitro prefixes, 
 
 Hence Aniline when with H it mixes. 
 
 Benzoic Acid (283). {C^B., COOH). 
 
 Benzole's phenyl plus a COOH : 
 Unite benzene and CO,. 
 
 Salicylic Acid (298). (CgH, OH. COOH). 
 
 For H we put a hydroxyl 
 
 The acid now is salicyl : 
 
 Its Na-salt from Na- phenolate 
 
 By C0.2 we separate. 430 
 
 Urea (200) CO (NH.,)^. 
 
 Urea and ammon- cyanate 
 Are isomers ; associate 
 Ammonia and gas phosgene 
 Urea and Hydrochlor are seen. 
 Dissolved in sodium hyp-chlorite. 
 C,N, salt, water come to light. 
 
 F. W. Talbot, Printer, 19, Sussex Street, CAMURiwiE.
 
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