UNIVERSITY LIBRARY WWVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGi LA JOLLA. CALIFORNIA me Y OF TH THE ALCOTT HOMESTEAD, "ORCHARD HOUSE" CONCORD PRICE 20 CENTS I LIBRARY) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO From LOUISA M. ALCOTT From a daguerreotype Little Women Letters from the House of Alcott " THE STORY OF THE ALCOTTS (Condensed from Ednah D. Cheney's authoritative * " Louisa May Alcott: Her Life, Letters and Journals ") The restoration and preservation of the Orchard House where "Little Women" was written is the most fitting memorial to Louisa May Alcott that could be devised. Under this roof the Alcott family made its home for twenty-five years. From the Orchard House Miss Alcott went forth to her duties as a Civil War nurse in 1862 and here she slowly convalesced from the hospital fever she had contracted. Here too she began her writings, which, with the publication of "Little Women," marked the turning point in the family fortunes. Louisa was born November 29, 1832, in Germantown, Pennsylvania, where her father, Amos Bronson Alcott, a man of unusual culture but an unpractical dreamer, had moved from his native state of Connecticut to take charge of a school. She was the" second daughter of the four who lived to maturity. When Louisa was but two years old the family moved to Boston, where Mr. Alcott opened his famous school for children in Masonic Temple. In 1840, Mr. Alcott's school having proved unsuccess- ful, the family went out to Concord and occupied a cottage, which is described in "Little Women" as Meg's first home, although Anna never lived there after her marriage. During this period Louisa developed rapidly Copyright, 1889 by J. S. P. Alcott THE STORY OF THE ALCOTTS under the direction of her intellectual father and her practical mother. Here is her first poem, "To a Robin," written at the age of eight: "Welcome, welcome, little stranger, Fear no harm, and fear no danger; We are glad to see you here, For you sing 'Sweet Spring is near.' "Now the white snow melts away; Now the flowers blossom gay: Come dear bird and build your nest, For we love our robin best." In 1843 after a trip to England, Mr. Alcott joined a company of enthusiasts in the establishment of an ideal social colony on a farm in the town of Harvard, near Concord, which they called Fruitlands. The experi- ment was an utter failure, Mr. Alcott collapsed, and the family returned to Concord where Mrs. Alcott in 1845 purchased with the small amount of money left her by her father, and the addition of five hundred dollars from Ralph Waldo Emerson, the place known as Hillside on the road to Lexington, about one-third of a mile from Mr. Emerson's home. There it was that Louisa and her sisters, Anna, Beth and May, lived so happily the life she so fully presents in "Little Women." Yet with this roof over their head there were six to be provided for and the ambitious Louisa assisted to the best of her ability. Concord, however, offered very little opportunity Pour A. BRONSON ALCOTT AT THE AGE OF 53 From the portrait by Mrs. Hildreth From "Little Women Letters from the House of Alcott" ABIGAIL MAY, MRS. A. BRONSON ALCOTT From a daguerreotype From " Little Women Letters from the House of Alcott " THE STORY OF THE ALCOTTS i'or such work as either Mr. or Mrs. Alcott could do, so when the despairing mother found employment in Boston, ths family, in 1848, again moved to that city. - At the age of fifteen Louisa entered her romantic period, when she fell to writing poetry, keeping a heart journal and wandering in the moonlight. During this time she had a mania for the stage and devoted her leisure time to writing and enacting dramas. Her older sister, Anna, assisted her in carrying out all her plans. While her mother conducted an intelligence office, Louisa sold her first story (written when she was sixteen) for five dollars. The seven years, from Louisa's sixteenth to her twenty- third year, may be called an apprenticeship to life, when she tried various paths. At twenty-two, her first book of short stories, "Flower Fables," was published and this netted her thirty-two dollars. A year later, in June, 1855, she went to Walpole, N. H., for a few months, and a month later the family followed. Back in the city for the winter, she continued to write stories and to sew. In 1857 the family moved again to Concord, and lived a few months in part of a house they had hired until the Orchard House, which they had bought, was ready for them. There, Louisa's younger sister, Elizabeth, the "Beth" of "Little Women" died. It was the first break in the household. In July the Alcotts took possession of the Orchard House, which was thereafter the permanent residence of the family. Seven THE STORY OF THE ALCOTTS Mr. Alcott had his library and was always happy there; but Louisa's heart never clung to it. Her sister Anna's engagement was an exciting event to Louisa, who sub- sequently refused all offers of marriage, as she had no inclination towards matrimony. Her heart was bound up in her family and her work. The year 1860, she called a year of Good Luck, for the appointment of Mr. Alcott as superintendent of schools in Concord brought great happiness to the family, while Louisa was writing for "The Atlantic Monthly" and receiving better pay for her work. With the outbreak of the Civil War the Alcotts were alive with patriotic enthusiasm. That year, 1861, Louisa began to write her first novel, "Moods," which proved when published years later the least successful of her books. In 1862 after an unsuccessful attempt to conduct a kindergarten school, she gave her services as a nurse and for about six weeks served her country in the small Union Hospital at Georgetown. The severe attack of fever which drove her from her post left her, at thirty, with shattered nerves and weakened constitution and she never again knew the fulness of life and health which she had before. Her letters home, were first published in the "Commonwealth" newspaper and afterwards in book form, for which she received two thousand dollars. Her first novel, "Moods," came out in December, 1864, and sold rapidly at first, for "Hospital Sketches" had created an interest in the author. Eight THE STORY OF THE ALCOTTS In 1865 she made her eventful first trip to Europe where among other things she met the young Polish lad who was the very original of the charming Laurie in "Little Women." After her return the Boston book publishing firm of Roberts Brothers asked her to write a girls' book and the old idea of "The Pathetic Family" recurred to her mind. She set herself to describe early home life. The book was finished during the summer of 1868, after the first twelve chapters had been pronounced dull. "Little Women" was the title selected and it was promptly ac- cepted by the publishers, who made Miss Alcott an outright offer for the copyright, but at the same time advised her not to part with it. She accepted a royalty on all copies sold, and in her journal, in 1885, she wrote this comment: "An honest publisher and a lucky author, for the copyright made her fortune and the 'dull book' was the first golden egg of the ugly duckling." Published in October, the book was an immediate success. It faithfully presented New England family life and touched the heart. She rapidly finished a sequel (now published with the first part in a single volume) which was brought out the following year. The author's own statement in regard to the originals of the characters in "Little Women" is as follows: "Facts in the stories that are true, though often changed as to time and place: Nine THE STORY OF THE ALCOTTS " 'Little Women' The early plays and experiences; Beth's death; Jo's literary and Amy's artistic experiences; Meg's happy home; John Brooke and his death; Demi's character. Mr. March did not go to the war, but Jo did. Mrs. March is all true, only not half good enough. Laurie is not an American boy, though every lad I ever knew claims the character. He was a Polish boy, met abroad in 1865. Mr. Lawrence is my grandfather, Colonel Joseph May. Aunt March is no one." At thirty-six Miss Alcott found herself famous, but with rather poor health. "Paid up all the debts thank the Lord! every penny that money can pay, and now I feel as if I could die in peace," she wrote in her journal. In the autumn of '69 the whole family went to Boston, Louisa and her sister May occupying rooms at 10 Pinck- ney Street. The following year she wrote "An Old Fashioned Girl," in which many of the adventures of the heroine, Polly, were drawn from the author's own expe- riences. In 1870 the success of "Hospital Sketches," re-published by Roberts Brothers, and the continued re- ceipts from "Little Women" enabled her to enjoy a long- cherished independent journey to Europe with her younger sister She has given an account somewhat travestied, but very true to the general facts in "Shawl Straps." While in Rome Miss Alcott received the sad news of the death of her brother-in-law, Mr. Pratt. She at once turned to the support of her widowed sister, Anna, and her two nephews, Frederi k and John, by writing "Little Ten From ANNA BRONSON ALCOTT From a daguerreotype Little Women Letters from the House of Alcott ABBA MAY ALCOTT From a photograph From " Little Women Letters from the House of Ali'ott " THE STORY OF THE ALCOTTS Men." On her return home she chose to rest and work in Boston, while her youngest sister remained at home. At forty years of age, Louisa had accomplished the task she set for herself in youth. By unceasing toil she had made herself and her family independent; debts were all paid, and enough was invested to preserve them from want. And yet wants seemed to increase with their satisfaction, and she felt impelled to work enough to give to all the enjoyments and luxuries which were fitted to them, after the necessaries were provided for. In 1872 she completed "Work" which presents her own personal experiences more than any other book. Subsequently she became an ardent worker in behalf of woman suffrage when the subject was very unpopular, wrote "Eight Cousins" and its sequel "Rose in Bloom," and in 1877 during her mother's continued illness, com- pleted one of her brightest and sweetest stories, "Under the Lilacs," in which she displays her love for animals. In November her mother died, and was buried in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Concord. During the same year she wrote a novel "A Modern Mephistopheles" for Roberts Brothers' No Name Series, which was of course published anonymously; also "My Girls" in the Aunt Jo's Scrap Bag Series. Two years later, in December, 1879, her youngest sister, May, died in Paris, leaving an infant child who exercised a great influence over the last ten years of Miss Alcott's life. May was the artist of the family, who, while resid- T hirt ten THE STORY OF THE ALCOTTS ing in London, March, 1878, married a young Swiss gentleman, Ernest Nieriker. The child, Louisa May Nieriker, became a source of great comfort to Miss Alcott. After her death, Mr. Nieriker came to America and in June 1889 took his daughter to his home in Zurich, Switzerland; she now lives in Vienna, the wife of Emil Rasim. After May's marriage and death, Louisa remained a while in Concord trying to forget her grief in care for others. She wrote short stories, including "Jimmy's Cruise on the Pinafore" suggested by the acting of the popular opera of that name, by a juvenile troupe. Later she wrote her popular story "Jack and Jill," now the eighth and final volume in the Little Women Series, the scenes of which are laid in Concord or "Harmony" as she calls it. At that period also, the long-dreamed School of Philosophy was established beside the Orchard House. The opening of the school was a great event to Mr. Alcott, as it was the realization of the dream of years. After her sister's death, Louisa endeavored to take on new interests, but her principal concern was the care of her little niece. She was now a truly "marmee" and little "Lulu" absorbed her time and thoughts. In the autumn of 1882 Mr. Alcott had a stroke of paralysis from which he never fully recovered; and for the rest of his life his daughters shared in the duty of tending and caring for him in his enfeebled state. It had been great reward of Louisa's years of hard work that she Fourteen THE STORY OF THE ALCOTTS could surround her mother with every comfort that could make her happy in her last declining years. Not less had she delighted in gratifying every wish of her father. The Orchard House, which had been the family home for twenty-five years, was sold, and her sister's, Mrs. Pratt's house, the so-called Thoreau House on Main Street, was the home of all. It was Mrs. Pratt's younger son, John Sewall, whom Louisa adopted before her death, and whose name was changed to John Sewall Pratt Alcott. In the autumn of 1885, Miss Alcott moved to a fur- nished house at No. 10 Louisburg Square, Boston. Al- though in failing health, she prepared the three volumes of stories, "Lulu Library," for publication and completed "Jo's Boys," the sequel to "Little Men." The latter is full of biographical interest. During her last years also, Miss Alcott wrote "A Gar- land for Girls," the fourth volume in the Spinning Wheel Series, one of the most fanciful and pleasing of her books. These stories were suggested by the flowers sent to her by her different friends. Early in March 1888, Mr. Alcott failed rapidly, and Louisa drove in from Dunreath Place, Roxbury, where she was under treatment, to the Louisburg Square house to see him, conscious that it was for the last time. The next morning she was in a serious condition, and on March 6 she passed quietly on to the rest which she so much needed. She did not know that her father had already preceded her by two days. Fifteen THE STORY OF THE ALCOTTS Miss Alcott had made every arrangement for her death; and by her own wish the funeral service was very simple, in her father's rooms at Louisburg Square. Her body was carried to Concord, and placed in the beautiful cemetery of Sleepy Hollow where her dearest ones were already laid to rest. THE ORCHARD HOUSE The Orchard House is one of the oldest houses in Concord, having been built about 1650. In 1857 it became the property of the Alcotts, who modernized it. After the family moved to Anna Pratt's house it was occupied by the late Dr. William T. Harris until he went to Washington to become Commissioner of Education. He subsequently purchased it. He sold it to Mrs. Daniel Lothrop (Margaret Sidney) who lived next door in Hawthorne's old home, "Wayside" and in 1911, the Con- cord Woman's Club decided to purchase and restore the house as a permanent Louisa M. Alcott memorial. The Club had no money for this purpose, but its members believed that friends of Miss Alcott and lovers of her books would gladly contribute toward the saving of the property if they knew its needs. A circular was sent out, and gifts began to come in. The first received, outside of Concord, was five cents from a little girl, who saved it from her weekly allowance of two cents. The contributions ranged from a few pennies to five hundred Sixteen ILLUSTRATION BY ALICE BARBER STEPHENS From the Illustrated Edition of " Little Women " THE STORY OF THE ALCOTTS dollars. Not only did financial aid come in response, but many were the expressions of delight that such a plan was undertaken. The Louisa M. Alcott Memorial Association was organized to assume the title, the place was renovated, and no debt remains. The great number of visitors, is assurance of wide- spread interest. Relatives and friends of the Alcotts contributed priceless gifts the piano the girls used; mementoes of their childhood, a very beautiful bust of Miss Alcott and pieces of furniture. The scheme of color in paper and paint is as near like that of the time of the Alcotts as possible. Miss Alcott's own room has been furnished by relatives, who remembered it as it was when that brave, courageous woman occupied it. The painting by May Alcott on the window panel and the one under the mantel, are in perfect condition and are exceedingly interesting with the stones they bring to mind. "May's room" ("Amy," in "Little Women") has the sketches on doors and walls as she left them. They must have been considered precious, or they would not have been kept in such good condition, through all the changes that have come to the house. They are now covered with glass to insure their future preservation. Nineteen THE ALCOTT BOOKS Published by Little, Brown & Company 34 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. THE LITTLE WOMEN SERIES. Regular edition. Frontispiece. 8 vols. 16mo. Cloth. Uniformly bound, in box. $12.00. Separately, $1.50 each. 1. Little Women; or Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy. Frontis- piece. 532 pages. A simple story of the home life of four girls. A portrayal of child_ life, natural, wholesome, and inspiring. One of the best and most popular chil- dren's books ever written. 2. Little Men. Life at Plum- field with Jo's Boys. Fron- tispiece. 376 pages. Gives pictures of boy life at old Plumfield, and is brimful of activity, merriment, health and happiness. 3. Jo's Boys, and How They Turned Out. Frontispiece. 365 pages. This sequel to "Little Men" takes up the story and carries Jo's boys through the home struggles and ad- ventures in the outside world, until they are fairly launched on the sea of manhood. 4. An Old-Fashioned Girl. Frontispiece. 371 pages. The city life of a winning and sen- sible little country girl. 5. Eight Cousins; or, The Aunt-Hill. Frontispiece. 291 pages. The story of a sunny-tempered little girl, who lives with her uncle and her aunts, thereby coming in contact with seven cousins all boys. 6. Rose in Bloom. Frontis- piece. 375 pages. This sequel to "Eight Cousins' 1 carries on the story of Rose and the cousins. 7. Under the Lilacs. Fron- tispiece. 305 pages. Ben and his dog Sancho run away from a circus and find a home with Bob and Betty in the old house under the lilacs. 8. Jack and Jill: A Village Story. Frontispiece. 325 pages. A vivid yet natural portrayal of home and school life in a New England village. THE LITTLE WOMEN SE- RIES as included in The Bea- con Hill Bookshelf, a twenty- volume series of children's clas- sics beautifully illustrated in full color by famous artists. 8 vols. 8vo. Uniformly bound, in box, $16.00. Separately, $2.00 each. 1. Little Women; or Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy. In The Beacon Hill Bookshelf. With eight illustrations in color by Jessie Willcox Smith. 397 pages. Books may come and books may go but "Little Women", with its genuine- ness of character and incident and its homely appeal to all that is best in young womanhood and young man- hood, remains today, more than fifty years since it was first published, the ideal book for boys and girls. Twenty THE ALCOTT BOOKS 1. Little Men; Life at Plum- field with Jo's Boys. In The Beacon Hill Bookshelf. With eight illustrations in color by Reginald Birch. 335 pages. The sequel to "Little Women", about the boys in Aunt Jo's and Pro- fessor Bhaer's school at old Plumfield, brimful o_f activity, merriment, health and happiness. One of the best books for boys, and girls as well. 3. Jo's Boys. In The Beacon Hill Bookshelf. With eight il- lustrations in color by C. M. Burd. 316 pages. This sequel to "Little Men" com- pletes the story of the March family, carrying Jo's boys through the home struggles and adventures untij they are fairly launched on the sea of life. 4. An Old-Fashioned Girl. In The Beacon Hill Bookshelf. With eight illustrations in color by Elenore Abbott. 328 pages. A_little country girl goes to the city to visit a family of children brought up entirely differently. There is fun in contrasting the lives of the two girls, Polly and Fanny, and the visitor's lovable disposition and common sense soon win the hearts of her readers. 5. Eight Cousins. In The Bea- con Hill Bookshelf. With six il- lustrations in color by Hattie Longstreet Price. 278 pages. How Rose, one of the most winning heroines in juvenile fiction, and her seven boy cousins, get into scrapes, mischief and all kinds of fun. 6. Rose in Bloom. In The Beacon Hill Bookshelf. With six illustrations in color by Hattie Longstreet Price. 322 pages. This sequel to "Eight Cousins" takes up the fortunes of the cousins from the return of Rose and Uncle Alec from abroad, and carries them on until at last Rose becomes a happy wife and Phebe finds a happy home. 7. Under the Lilacs. In The Beacon Hill Bookshelf. With eight illustrations in color by Marguerite Davis. 284 pages. A delightful story of the adventures of Ben Brown and his performing dog Sancho who run away from a circus and find a home with Bob and Betty in the old house under the lilacs. 8. Jack and Jill. In The Beacon Hill Bookshelf. With eight il- lustrations in color by Beatrice Stevens. 313 pages. How two village children were hurt while coasting and what happened while they were getting well. The book is a lively portrayal of home and school life in a New England village. AUNT JO'S SCRAP-BAG. New One-Volume Edition. With frontispiece in color and 25 illustrations in black-and- white by Beatrice Stevens. Crown 8vo. S2.00 A selection by Helen Martin of the best stories in Miss Alcott's six-volume collection, "Aunt Jo's Scrap-Bag". THE SPINNING-WHEEL SERIES. Illustrated edition. 4vols. 12mo. Inbox. $8.00. Separately, $2.00 each. Four volumes of short stories so told as to entertain young people. With 23 full-page pictures and attractive cover design. Twenty -one THE ALCOTT BOOKS 1. Spinning - Wheel Stories. With 8 full-page pictures by Wm. A. McCullough. 304 pages. 2. Silver Pitchers. With 8 full- page pictures by J. W. F. Kennedy. 365 pages. 3. Proverb Stories. W^ith 8 full-page pictures by Ethel Pennewill Brown. 334 pages. 4. A Garland for Girls. With 8 full-page pictures by C. E. Atwood and others. 286 pages. The Louisa Alcott Story Book. Compiled and edited by Fanny E. Coe. Frontis- piece. 16mo. 80 cents. Contains ten real stories from Miss Alcott's books and a biographical sketch. Supplementary reader for the fifth grade. Louisa May Alcott: Her Life, Letters and Journals. New edition. Edited by Ednah D. Cheney. With twelve illustra- tions. 352 pages. Crown 8vo. $2.50. A new edition of the authorized life story of Louisa May Alcott in a more attractive format. This biography is an inspired picture of a great story- teller's triumph over difficulties. May Alcott: A Memoir. By Caroline Ticknor. With six illustrations. 315 pages. 8vo. $3.00. The life story of the youngest of the sisters immortalized in "Little Women," a gay and charming artist who lived most of her life abroad. Miss Ticknor has made her a very real figure, and given us as well a memorably intimate picture of the Alcott family. The Louisa Alcott Reader. With 11 illustrations. 222 pag- es. 16mo. 80 cents. A supplementary reader for the fourth year of school, containing ten selections. 1 iventy-tivo THE ALCOTTS Originals of the Principal Characters in "Little Women'' Amos Bronson Alcott (1799-1888) "Mr. March" Married, 1830 Abigail May (1800-1877) "Mrs. March" "Mar me e" CHILDREN Anna Bronson Alcott (1831-1893) "Meg" Married, 1860, John Bridge Pratt "John Brooke" They had two sons, Frederick Alcott Pratt (1863-1910) "Demi" and John Sewall Pratt (1865-1923) "Daisy." John was adopted in 1888 by Louisa and his name changed to John Sewall Pratt Alcctt. Louisa May Alcott (1832-1888) "Jo" Elizabeth Sewall Alcott (1835-1858) "Beth" Abba May Alcott (1840-1879) "Amy" Married, 1878, Ernest Nieriker (1856- ). They had one daughter Louisa May Nieriker (1879- ) "Lulu." * QO UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 000 737 637 9