UC-NRUF 
 
 261 762 
 
-POX'S ATHLETIC L\SR. 
 
 ASE BALL 
 
 HOW TO PLAY 
 THE GAME 
 
 JOHN M'GRAW 
 
 OFFICIAL 
 RULES 
 
 1913 
 
 PRICE I O CENTS 
 
 RICHARD K.FOX 
 PUBLISHING COMPANY 
 
 HEW YORK CITY 
 
RICHARD K. FOX 
 
SCIENTIF 1C 
 
 BASEBALL 
 
 By JOHN J. McGRAW 
 
 Manager-Captain of the New York Club 
 National League 
 
 ALSO THE 
 
 Official Rules for 1913 
 
 AND 'SCHEDULE OF GAMES TO BE PLAYED 
 
 FULLY ILLUSTRATED 
 
 RICHARD K. FOX' PUBLISH ING COMPANY 
 
 FRANKLIN SQUARE, NEW YORK CITY 
 
Copyright 1913 
 BY RICHARD K. FOX PUBLISHING COMPANY, 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE. 
 Schedules for National, American and In tern '1 League Games ior 1913 8 
 
 Concern ma Pitchers 15 
 
 Ti.e Man Behind the Bat 37 
 
 Playing First Base 43 
 
 On Second Base 47 
 
 The Third Baseman 51 
 
 Shortstop 55 
 
 At the Bat 57 
 
 The Outfielders 63 
 
 Rule* 7 
 
 Umpires and Their Duties ,. 89 
 
 Rules for Post-season Championship G times 100 
 
 World's. Championship Series, 1912 104 
 
 National League Records, 1912. 105 
 
 National League Batting Averages, 1912 106 
 
 National League Pitching Averages, 1912.. 107 
 
 American League Records, 1912 108 
 
 American League Batting Average*, 1912 109 
 
 American League Pitching Averages, 1912 , 110 
 
 Pacific Coast League Records, 1912 Ill 
 
 Pacific Coast League Batting Averages, 1912 112 
 
 Pacific Coast League Pitching Averages, 1912 113 
 
 266902 
 
INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Richard K. Fox 2 
 
 John J. McGraw 16 
 
 How Ball is Grasped for Start of Fade-away 18 
 
 Position of Hand as Kail Leaves it 18 
 
 The Drop-curve 20 
 
 The Out-curve 20 
 
 How to Throw a High Fast Ball 22 
 
 Toe Spit Ball 22 
 
 The In-curve 24 
 
 The Slow Straight Bail 24 
 
 Christy Mathpwson 36 
 
 Joe Wood : 40 
 
 Frank Cbance 44 
 
 Ty Cobb 50 
 
SCHEDULES 
 
 :OF THE: 
 
 National, American and 
 International Leagues 
 
 For 1913 
 
 AND THE 
 
 OFFICIAL RULES 
 
 for Professional Baseball 
 
 Adopted by the Joint Playing Rules Committee of the National 
 and the American Leagues at New York, February 16*1913 
 
BASEBALL SCHEDULE FOR 1913 
 
 National League. American League. 
 
 Boston at home vs. 
 
 Chicago at home vs. 
 
 Brooklyn. 
 April 22, 23, 24, 25. May 29, 
 30, 30, 31. Oct. 2, 3, 4. 
 
 St. Louis. 
 April 24, 25, 26. 27. June 21, 
 22, 23, 24, 25. S'ept. 26 27. 
 
 New York. 
 April 17, 18, 19. 19, 21. Mav 
 24, 26, 27, 28. Sept. 29, 30. 
 
 Detroit. 
 April 21. 22, 23. May 4, 29, 
 30, 30, 31. June 1. Aug. 30, 31. 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 April 26, 28, 29, 30. June 21, 
 23, 24. Sept. 4, 5, 6, 8. 
 
 Cleveland. 
 April 17, 18, 19, 20. Mav 24, 
 
 ~5. June 26, 27, 28, 29. Sept. 
 
 28. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 May 6, 7, 8, 9. July 12. 14, 
 15, 16. Aug. 25, 26, 27. 
 
 Washington. 
 May 7. 8, 9. 10. July 20, 21, 
 22, 23. Aug. 24, 25, 26. 
 
 Cincinnati. 
 May 15, 16, 17, 19. Julv 22, 
 23, 24. Aug. 16, 18, 19, 20. 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 Mav 11, 12. i:j, 14. July 16. 
 17. 18, 1'J. Aug. 21, 22, 2:5. 
 
 Chicago. 
 May 20, 21, 22. Julv 17, 18, 19, 
 21. Aug. 12, 13, 14, 15. 
 
 New Y"ork. 
 Mav 15. 16. 17, 18. July 9, 
 10, 11. Aug. 14, 15, 16, 17. 
 
 St. Louis. 
 Mav 10, 12, 13, 14. July 8, 9, 
 10, 11. Aug. 21, 22, 23. 
 
 Boston. 
 Mav 19, 20, 21, 22. Julv 12, 
 13,* 14, 15. Aug. 18, 19, 20. 
 
 Brooklyn at home vs. 
 
 St. Louis at home vs. 
 
 Boston. 
 
 May 1, 2, :{. 5. June 30. July 
 1, 2, 3. Aug. 28, 29, 30. 
 
 Chicago. 
 April 13, 14, 15. 16. Julv 3, 
 
 4, 4. Sept. 4, 5, 6, 7. 
 
 New York. 
 April 26, 28, 29, 30. July 4, 4, 
 5, 7. Sept. 25, 26, 27. 
 
 Detroit. 
 April 10, 11, 12. May 24, 25, 
 26, 27, 28. July 5, 6, 7. 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 April 9. 18, 1!). 21. Mav 24, 26, 
 27, 28. Sept. 1, i, 2. 
 
 Cleveland. 
 April 30. May 1, 2, 3, 4. 
 June 30; Julv 1, 2. Aug. 29, 
 30, 31. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 May 20, 21, 22, 23. July 17, 
 IS, 19, 21. Aug. 13, 14, 15. 
 
 Washington. 
 Mav 11, 12, 13. 14. July 16, 
 17, 18, 19. Aug. 21, 22, 23. 
 
 Cincinnati. 
 May 10, 12, 13, 14. July 8, 9, 
 10, 11. Aug. 21, 22, 23. 
 
 Philadelphia. * 
 Mav 7, 8, 9, 10. July 20. 21, 
 22, 23. Aug. 24, 25, 26. 
 
 Chicago. 
 Mav 6, 7, 8, 9. July 12, 14, 
 
 New York. 
 Mav 19, 20, 21, 22. July 12, 
 
 15, 16. Aug. 25, 26, 27. 
 
 13, 14, 15. Aug. 18, 19, 20. 
 
 St. Louis. 
 Mav 15, 16, 17. 19. July 22, 
 23, 24. Aug. 16. 18, 19, 20. 
 
 Boston. 
 May 15, 16, 17, 18. July 9, 
 10, 11. Aug. 14, 15, 16, 17. 
 
BASEBALL SCHEDULE FOR 1913 
 
 National League. American League. 
 
 New York at home vs. 
 
 Detroit at home vs. 
 
 Boston. 
 April 10, 11, 12. June 25. 20, 
 27, 28. Sept. 1, 1, 2, 3. 
 
 Chicago. 
 April 2!>, 30. May 1, 2, 3. 
 June 30. July 1, 2. Oct. 3, 
 4. 5. 
 
 Brooklyn. 
 April 14, 15, 16. June 21, 23, 
 24. Sept. 4, 5, 6, 8, 24. 
 
 St. Louis. 
 April 17. 18. 19. 20. June 26, 
 27, 28, 29. Sept. 1, 1, 28. 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 April 22. 23, 24. 25. May 29. 
 30, 30, 31. Oct. 2, 3, 4. 
 
 Cleveland. 
 April 24, 25, 26. 27, 28. Sept. 
 6, 7, 26, 27. Oct. 1, 2. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 May 15, 16, 17, 19. July 22, 
 23, 24. Aug. 16, 18, 19, 20. 
 
 Washington. 
 May 15. 16. 17. 18. July 9. 
 10, 11. Aug. 14, 15, 16, 17. 
 
 Cincinnati. 
 May 6, 7, 8, 9. July 12. 14, 
 15, 16. Aug. 25, 26, 27. 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 May 19. 20, 21, 22. July 12, 
 13, 14, 15. Aug. 18, 19, 20. 
 
 Chicago. 
 May 10, 12, 13, 14. July 8. 9, 
 10, 11. Aug. 21, 22, 23. 
 
 New York. 
 May 7, 8, 9. 10. July 20. 21, 
 22, 23. Aug. 21, 22, 23. 
 
 St, Louis. 
 Mav 20, 21, 22. 23. July 17. IS, 
 19, 21. Aug. 13, 14, 15. 
 
 Boston. 
 May 11, 12, 13, 14. July 16, 
 17, IS, 19. Aug. 24, 25, 26. 
 
 Philadelphia at home vs. 
 
 Cleveland at home vs. 
 
 Boston.. 
 April 14, 15, 16. July 4. 4, 5, 
 7. Sept. 24, 25, 26, 27. 
 
 Chicago. 
 April 10, 11, 12. May 26. 27, 
 28. July 5, 6. Sept. 1, 1, 2. 
 
 Brooklyn. 
 April 10, 11. 12. June 2, 25, 26, 
 27, 28. Sept. 29, 30. Oct. 1. 
 
 St. Louis. 
 April 21, 22, 23. May 29, 30, 
 30, 31. June 1. Oct. 3, 4, 5. 
 
 New York. 
 May 1, 2, 3, 5. June 30. July 
 1, 2, 3. Aug. 28, 29, 30. 
 
 Detroit. 
 April 13, 14, 15, 16. June 21, 
 22. July 3, 4, 4. Sept. 4, 5. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 May 10, 12, 13, 14. July 8, 9, 
 10, 11. Aug. 21, 22, 23. 
 
 Washington. 
 Mav 19. 20, 21, 22. July 12. 
 13, 14, 15. Aug. 18, 19, 20. 
 
 Cincinnati. 
 Mav 20, 21, 22, 23. July 17, 
 18, 19, 21. Aug. 13, 14, 15. 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 May 15, 16, 17, 18. July 9, 
 
 10, 11. Aug. 14, 15, 16, 17. 
 
 Chicago. 
 May 15, 16, 17, 19. July 22, 
 23, 24. Aug. 16, 18, 19, 20. 
 
 New York 
 May 11, 12, 13, 14. July 16, 
 17, 18, 19. Aug. 24, 25, 26. 
 
 St. Louis. 
 May 6, 7, 8, 9. July 12, 14, 
 15, 16. Aug. 25, 26. 27. 
 
 Boston. 
 Mav 7, 8, 9, 10. July 20, 21, 
 22, 23. Aug. 21, 22, 23. 
 
BASEBALL SCHEDULE FOR 1913 
 
 National League. American League. 
 
 Pittsburg at home vs. 
 
 Washington at home vs. 
 
 Boston. 
 June 2, 3, 16, 17, 18. 19. Aug. 
 7, 8, 9. Sept. 15, 16. 
 
 Chicago. 
 June 12. 13, 14, 1(5 Aug. 4, 
 ". <>. 7. Sept. 13, 15, 16. 
 
 Brooklvn. 
 June 9, 10, 11. Julv 30, 31. 
 An. 1, 2. Sept. 9, 20, 22, 23. 
 
 St. Louis. 
 June 3. 4, 5, 6. Julv 25. 20, 
 28, 29. Sept. 20, 22, 23. 
 
 New York. 
 June 12. 13. 14, 20. Aug. 4, 5, 
 <i. Sept. 10, 11, 12, 13. 
 
 Detroit. 
 June 7, 9, 10, 11. July 30, 31. 
 Aug. 1, 2. Sept. 17, 18, 19. 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 June 4, 5, 6, 7. July 25, 26, 
 28, 29. Sept. 17, 18, 19. 
 
 Cleveland. 
 June 17, 18, 19. Aug. 8, 9, 
 11, 12. S'ept. 9, 10, 11, 12. 
 
 Cincinnati. 
 April 17, 18, 19. May 20. 27, 
 2*. July 7. Sept. 1, 1, 2, 3. 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 April 14, 15, 16. June 2, 25, 
 26, 27, 28. Sept. 29, 30. Oct. 
 1. 
 
 Chicago. 
 April 25. 26. May 24, 29, 30. 
 30, :n. Aug. 29, 30. Sept. 24, 25. 
 
 New York. 
 April 10. 11, 12. June 20, 21, 
 23, 24., Sept. 4, 5, 6, 8. 
 
 Si. Louis. 
 April :;<>. Mav 1. 2. 3. July 
 :;. 1. 4. 5. Sept. 4, 5, 6. 
 
 Boston. 
 April 22, 23, 24. 25. Mav 29, 
 30, 30, 31. Oct. 2, 3, 4. 
 
 Cincinnati at home vs. 
 
 Philadelphia at home vs. 
 
 Boston. 
 June 12, 13, 14, 15. Aug. 3, 
 4, 5, 6. Sept. 10, 11, 13. 
 
 Chicago. 
 June 17, 18, 19. Aug. 8, 9, 
 11, 12. Sept. 9, 10, 11, 12. 
 
 Brooklyn. 
 June 3, 4, 5, 7. July 26, 27, 
 28. 29. Sept. 17, IS, 19. 
 
 St. Louis. 
 June 7, 9. 10. 11. July 30, 31. 
 Aug. 1, 2. Sept. 17, IS, 19. 
 
 New York. 
 June 1, 16, 17, 18, 19. Aug. 
 7. S, n, 10. Sept. 20, 21. 
 
 Detroit. 
 June 3. 4, 5. 6. Julv 25. 26. 
 28, 29. Sept. 20. 22. 23. 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 June 8. 9. 10, 11. Julv 30, 
 31. Aug. 1, 2. Sept. 14, 15. 
 
 in. 
 
 Cleveland. 
 June 12. 13, 14. 16. Aug. 4. 
 5. 6, 7. Sept. 13, 15, 16. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 April 10, 11, 12. May 4, 25. 
 June 21, 22, 23, 24. July <;. 
 Sept. 7. 
 
 Washington. 
 April 26. 2S. 29, 30. Mav 24. 
 2(5. 27. 2S. Sept. 1. 1,' 2. 
 
 Chicago. 
 April 20. 21. 22, 23. June 25. 
 26. 27, 28, 29. Sept. 27. 28. 
 
 New York. 
 April 22. 23. 24. 25. Mav 29. 
 30. 30. 31. Oct. 2. 3. -4. 
 
 S't. Louis. 
 April 13, 14. lf>. 1C. May 21. 
 June 30. July 1. 2. Aug. 29. 
 30,- 31. 
 
 Boston. 
 April 17. IS, 19. 21. June 20. 
 21. 23, 24. S'ept. 4. 5. 6. 
 
BASEBALL SCHEDULE FOR 1913 
 
 National League. American League. 
 
 Chicago at home vs. 
 
 New York at home vs. 
 
 Boston 
 June 4, 5, 6, 7. July 26, 27, 
 28, 29. Sept. 17, 18, 19. 
 
 Chicago. 
 June 7, 9. 10, 11. July 30, 31. 
 Aug. 1, 2. Sept. 17, 18, 19. 
 
 Brooklyn. 
 June 12 13, 14, 15. Aug. 3, 
 4, 5, G. Sept. 10, 11, 13. 
 
 St. Louis. 
 June 17, 18, 19. Aug. S, 9. 
 11, 12. Sept. 9, 10, 11, 12. 
 
 New York. 
 June S, 9, 10, 11. July 30, 31. 
 Aug. 1, 2. Sept. 14, 15, 16. 
 
 Detroit. 
 June 12, 13, 14, 10. Aug. 4. 
 5, 6, 7. Sept. 13, 15, 16. 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 Juno 16, 17, 18, 19. Aug. 7, 
 8, 9, 10. Sept. 20, 21, 22. 
 
 Cleveland. 
 June 3. 4, 5, 6. July 25, 20, 
 28, 29. Sept. 20, 22, 23. 
 
 Pittsburgh 
 April 13, 14, 15. April 27, 
 28. June 30. July 1, 2. 
 Aug. 31. Oct. 4, 5. 
 
 Washington. 
 April 17, 18, 19, 21. Julv 4, 
 4, 5, 7. Sept. 25, 26, 27. ' 
 
 Cincinnati. 
 r April 29, 30. Mav 1, 2, 3. 
 July 3, 4, 4, 5. Sept. 5, 6. 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 May 1, 2, 3, 5. June 30. July 
 1, 2, 3. Aug. 28, 29, 30. 
 
 St. Louis. 
 April 10, 11, 12. May 4, 25, 
 20, 27. July 6. Sept. 7, 8, 9. 
 
 Boston. 
 April 26, 28, 29, 30. May 24, 
 26, 27, 28. Sept. 29, 30. Oct. 1. 
 
 St. Louis at home vs. 
 
 Boston at home vs. 
 
 Boston. 
 June 8, 9, 10, 11. July 30, 
 31. Aug. 1, 2. Sept. 20, 21, 
 22. 
 
 Chicago. 
 June 3, . 4, 5, 6. July 25, 26, 
 28, 29. Sept. 20, 22, 23. 
 
 Brooklyn. 
 June 16, J7, 18, 19. Aug. 7, 
 8, 9, 10. Sept. 14, 15, 16. 
 
 St. Louis. 
 June 12, 13, 14, 16. Aug. 4, 
 5, 6, 7. Sept. 13, 15, 16. 
 
 New York. 
 June 3. 4, 5, 7. July 26, 27, 
 28, 29. Sept. 17, 18, 19. 
 
 Detroit. 
 June 17, 17, 18, 19. Aug. 8, 
 9, 11. Sept. 9, 10, 11, 12. 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 June 12, 13, 14, 15. Aug. 3, 
 4, 5, 6. Sept. 10, 11, 13. 
 
 Cleveland. 
 June 7, 9, 10, 11. Julv 30,. 
 31. Aug. 1, 2. Sept. 17, 18,' 
 19. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 April 20, 21, 22, 23. June 25. 
 26, 27, 28, 29. Sept. 27, 28. 
 
 Washington. 
 Mav 1, 2, 3, 5. June 30. Julv. 
 1, 2, 3. Aug. 28, 29, 30. 
 
 Cincinnati. 
 April 24, 25, 26, 27, 28. May 
 29, 30, 30, 31. Oct. 4, 5. 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 April 10, 11, 12. Julv 4, 4, 
 5, 7. Sept. 24, 25, 26, 27. 
 
 Chicago. 
 April 17, 18, 19. June 1, 20, 
 2], 22, 23. Sept. 1, 1, 2. 
 
 New York. 
 April 14, 15, 16. June 25, 26, 
 27, 28. Sept. 1, 1, 2, 3. 
 
BASEBALL SCHEDULE FOR 1913 
 
 International League. 
 
 Toronto at home vs. 
 
 Buffalo at home vs. 
 
 Montreal. 
 June 9, 10, 11. 11. Jnlv 10, 
 11, 12, 12. Sept. 8. 9, 10. 
 
 Toronto. 
 Mav 29, 30. 30. 31. Julv .". 
 7, 8, 9. Sept. 1, 1, 2. 
 
 Buffalo. 
 June 5. 0. 7. 7. June 30. Julv 
 1, 1, 2. Sept. 11, 12, 13. ' 
 
 Montreal. 
 July 3, 4, 4. Sept. 3. 4. 5, 0, 
 18, 19, 20, 20. 
 
 Rochester. 
 Tune 2, 3, 4, 4. July 17, 18, 
 19, 19. Sept. 15, *16, 17. 
 
 Rochester. 
 May 26, 27, 2S June 12. 13. 
 14, 14. July 14, 15. 15, 16. 
 
 Baltimore. 
 May 15, 16, 17, 19. July 21, 
 22, 23, 24. Aug. 28, 29, 30. 
 
 Baltimore. 
 May 10, 12, 12. 13. 14. Aug. 
 2, 2, 4. 25, 26, 27. 
 
 Providence. 
 MMV 21, 22, 24, 24. July 29, 
 30. 31. Aug. 1, 21, 22, 23. 
 
 Providence. 
 Mav 15, 10. 17. 19. Jnlv 25. 
 26, 26, 28. Aug. 18. 19, 20. 
 
 Newark. 
 May 0. 7, 8, 9. July 25. 2G, 
 2G, 28. Aug. 18, 19. 2n. 
 
 Newark. 
 May 20, 21, 22. 24. July 21. 
 22, 23, 24. Aug. 28, 29.' 3d. 
 
 Jersey City. 
 M:iv 10, 12, 13, 14. Aug. 2, 
 2'. 4. 4. Aug. 25. 20. 27. 
 
 Jersev Citv. 
 May 6, 7, 8, 9. July 29. 30, 
 31. Aug. 1, 21, 22, 23. 
 
 Montreal at home vs. 
 
 Rochester at home vs. 
 
 Toronto. 
 M.-iv 2.",, 20. 27, 28. June 12, 
 13, 14. July 13, 14, 15, 10. 
 
 Toronto, 
 
 Jlllv 3. 4. 4. -Sept. 3. 4. 5. 
 6, IS. 19. 20. 20. 
 
 Buffalo. 
 June 1, 2, 3, 4. July 17, 18, 
 19. 20. Sept. 15, 1C, 17. 
 
 Montreal. 
 May 29. 30, 30, 31. July 5, 
 7, 8, 9. S'ept. 1, 1. 2. 
 
 Rochester. 
 June 5, 6, 7. 8. June 30. July 
 1, 1, 2. Sept. 12, 13, 14. 
 
 Buffalo 
 June 9. 10, 10, 11. Julv 10. 
 11, 12, 12. Sept. 8, 9, 10. 
 
 Baltimore. 
 May 21 22, 24. 24. July 25. 
 IK'.. 27. 2S. Aug. 18, 19, 20. 
 
 Baltimore. 
 May 0, 7. S. 9. Julv 29. 30, 
 31. Aug. 1, 21, 22, 23. 
 
 Providence. 
 May 0. 7, 8. 9. Aug. 2, 3. 
 4, 4. Aug. 25, 20. 27. 
 
 Providence. 
 May 10, 12. i:;. 14. Julv 21. 
 22, 23. 24. Aug. 28, 29, 30. 
 
 Newark. 
 May 10, 11, 13. 14. July 29. 
 30, 31. Aug. 1, 22, 23. 24. 
 
 Newark. 
 
 Mav 15. 10. 17. 17. 19. Aug. 
 2, 2, 25, 25, 26, 27. 
 
 Jersev Citv. 
 May 16, 17, 18, 19. July 21, 
 22, 23, 24. Aug. 29. 30. 31. 
 
 Jersey City. 
 Mav 20, 21, 22. 24. Julv 25. 
 20. 20. 28. Aug. 18, 19. 2O. 
 
BASEBALL SCHEDULE FOR 1913 
 
 International League. 
 
 Baltimore at home vs. 
 
 Newark at home vs. 
 
 Toronto. 
 April 30. May 1, 2, 3, 3. June 
 27, 28, 28. Aug. 5, G, 7. 
 
 Toronto. 
 April 1C, 17, 18. 19. June 15, 
 16, 17, 18. Aug. 15, 10, 17. 
 
 Montreal. 
 April 21, 22, 23, 24. June 10, 
 20, 21. Aug. 11, 12, 13, 14. 
 
 Montreal. 
 April 25, 20, 27. 2S. June 23. 
 24, 25, 20. Aug. 8, !). Id. 
 
 Buffalo. 
 April 25, 20, 28, 29. June 23, 
 24, 25, 20. Aug. 15, 16, 10. 
 
 Buffalo. 
 April 20, 22, 23, 24. June 19, 
 20, 21, 22. Aug. 5, 6, 7. 
 
 Rochester. 
 April 30. May 1, 3, 4, 18. 
 June 28, 29. Aug. 3, 12, 13, 
 14. 
 
 Rochester. 
 April 1C, 17, 18. 19. June 10, 
 17, 17, 18. Aug. 8, 9, 9. 
 
 Providence. 
 June 0, 7, 7 July 3, 4 4, 
 
 Baltimore. 
 May 25. June 8, 9, 10, 11. 
 July 13, 14, 15. Sept. 8, 9, 
 10. 
 
 5. Sept. 11, 12, 12, 13. 
 
 Newark. 
 May 20, 27, 28, 29. June 30. 
 July 1, 2. Sept. 1, 1, 2, 3. 
 
 Providence. 
 June 12, 13, 14. July 17, 18, 
 19, 20. Aug. 31. Sept. 15, 
 16, 17. 
 
 Jersey City. 
 June 2, 3, 4. 5. July 10, 11, 
 12, 12. Sept. 4, '5, 0. 
 
 Jersey City. 
 M-iy 5, 30 (a'.m.), 31. June 1. 
 July 4 (p.m.), 7, 8, 9. 
 Sept. 12. 20. 21. 
 
 Providence at home vs. 
 
 Jersey City at home vs. 
 
 Toronto. 
 April 25, 27, 28. June 23, 24, 
 25. 20. Aug. 8, 9, 10. 
 
 Toronto. 
 April 20. 22, 23, 24. June 19, 
 20, 21. 22. Aug. 12, 13, 14. 
 
 Montreal. 
 April 10, 17, 18, 19. June 15. 
 16, 17, 18. Aug. 15, 16, 17. 
 
 Montreal. 
 April 30. May 1, 3, 4. June 
 27, 28, 29, 29. Aug. 5, 6. 7. 
 
 Buffalo. 
 April 30. Mav 1, 3 4. June 
 27, 28, 29. Aug. 11, 12, 13, 14. 
 
 Buffalo. 
 April 10, 17, 18, 19. June 15, 
 10, 17, 18. Aug. 8, 9, 10. 
 
 Rochester. 
 April 20, 22, 23. 24. June 19, 
 20, 21, 22. Aug. 5. 0, 7. 
 
 Rochester. 
 April 25. 20, 27, 28. June 23, 
 24, 25, 20. Aug. 15, 16, 17. 
 
 Baltimore. 
 May 30, 30, 31. Juno 1. July 
 0, 7, 8, 9. Sept. 19, 20, 21. 
 
 Baltimore. 
 June 12, 13, 14. July 17, 18, 
 19, 20. Sept. 7, 15,* 10, 17. 
 
 Newark. 
 June 2, 3, 4, 5. July 10, 11, 
 12. Sept. 4, 5, 0, 7. 
 
 Providence. 
 June 8, 9, 1O, 11. July 13. 14. 
 15, 16. Sept. 8, 9, 10. 
 
 Newark. 
 
 April 29. May 30 (p.m.). June 
 0, 7. July 3, 4 (a.m.), 5. 
 0. Sept. 13, 14, 19. 
 
 Jersey City. 
 May 25. 20, 27, 28.' June 30. 
 July 1, 2. 'Sept. 1, 1, 2, 3. 
 
OFFICIAL DIAGRAM OF A 
 BASEBALL FIELD. 
 
 E 
 
 1! 
 
 64J 
 
 o 
 
 For further information see Rules from 
 No. 2 to No. 12. 
 
CONCERNING PITCHERS 
 
 Christy Matthewson, who is probably the 
 most successful pitcher in the business, is a 
 man who all young fellows in the game might 
 well follow, for he has mastered the science of 
 the game from the pitcher's standpoint. Here 
 is something he has said that will be of great 
 interest to the baseball student. Read it over 
 many times and then practice until you have 
 attained perfection. That's the only way. 
 
 The value of a pitcher is almost invariably 
 measured by his ability to change his pace or 
 mix up the style of ball he is capable of de- 
 livering. Unless he can mix them up pretty 
 well he is of little use against a clever team. 
 
 Of the various balls used by latter day 
 pitchers the fast ball, which may have an in- 
 ward shoot, outward shoot or upward shoot at 
 the end of it, comes first. All pitchers must 
 be able to use this ball with more or less suc- 
 cess. Then comes the absolutely slow ball, 
 which does not curve or revolve ; .the drop 
 curve, one of the most popular curves of the 
 day; the out curve, which is very seldom used 
 
' ifc' IB 
 
 JOHN j. MCQBAW. 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 in the big leagues; the raise ball, an under- 
 hand curve, used with very little success by 
 any one except McGinnity; the fall away, or 
 fade away, which I have used with greater 
 effectiveness than any other pitcher, and the 
 spit ball, a style of delivery the science of 
 which cannot be explained and one very diffi- 
 cult to control. 
 
 For two or three years I relied almost en- 
 tirely upon the drop curve, fast ball and fall 
 away, and these I shall explain fully, as I be- 
 lieve they are the most useful to pitchers 
 under the present system of playing the national 
 game. 
 
 In the first place, it takes a good physical 
 specimen of manhood to make a successful 
 twirler. Knotted muscles, however, are not 
 an essential to a great pitcher, as the ball is 
 propelled mainly by a swing of the body and 
 the bulk of the power is derived from the back 
 and shoulders, the arm acting as a whipcord 
 to snap the ball. In fact, the more a pitcher 
 can learn to get the power from his body the 
 more he will save his arm and the longer he 
 will be able to do himself justice in the box. 
 
 I attribute a great deal of my success to my 
 ability to get most of the propelling force from 
 the swing of the body. 
 
 When mastered there is no more successful 
 
HOW BALL IS GRASPED FOB START OF FADE-AWAY. 
 
 POSITION OF HAND AS BALL LEAVES IT. 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 19 
 
 ball than the drop, or drop curve. It is a ball 
 that can be made to break very abruptly or a 
 gradual break can be put to it. When it breaks 
 quickly the batter invariably hits over it and 
 misses it entirely. It is the ball I usually rely 
 upon when there is a man on third base and 
 no one out. 
 
 To deliver this ball the arms must be thrown 
 high above the head. As the pitching arm 
 rapidly descends straight forward the arm is 
 turned slightly outward, and when the arm is 
 horizontal the hand is turned slightly outward 
 and the snap, a hard one, is given by the wrist, 
 and the greater the snap the faster will be the 
 curve. 
 
 In holding the ball the first two fingers are 
 above it and the thumb below. The ball is 
 held rather loosely. When the twist or snap 
 of the wrist takes place at the moment of de- 
 livery the hand tnrns so that the thumb is on 
 top of the ball and the first two fingers below 
 it. A full arm swing is used. The body is 
 bent far forward so that all the weight of the 
 body is behind the ball, and as the arm de- 
 scends with a mighty swing the weight of the 
 body is shifted from the right foot to the left. 
 Under no circumstances use moisture when 
 delivering this great puzzler to batsmen. On 
 leaving the hand the ball travels in a straight 
 
HOLD THE BALL LIKE THIS FOR A DROP CURVE. 
 
 
 HOW TO START THE OUT-CURVE. 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 line until just before it reaches the plate, 
 when it breaks sharply downward in front of 
 the batter. 
 
 As can be well guessed such a ball is a great 
 strain on the muscles of the arm when de- 
 livered with all the power a pitcher possesses. 
 Like all curves the ball can be used at varying 
 speeds. When men are not on bases it is a 
 fine ball to pitch if it is desired to make the 
 batter send out a grounder that can be easily 
 fielded. In fact any curve can be used fast or 
 slow with this purpose in view. 
 
 By not bringing the ball quite so high above 
 the shoulder when starting to make the throw 
 an outdrop can be attained. I seldom consider 
 it necessary, however, to try the outdrop. It 
 has less space in which to be called a fair ball 
 when passing over the plate, and is therefore 
 more risky. The regular drop curve has all 
 the space between the batter's shoulders and 
 knees to make the batter score a strike, while 
 the outcurve has but the width of the plate. 
 
 When delivering this or any other curve the 
 position of the feet is important. It comes 
 natural to most of us, but if a pitcher begins 
 wrong it is apt to injure his effectiveness. 
 The feet should be about eighteen inches 
 apart, with the toes squarely to the front when 
 the pitcher is swinging his arms preparatory 
 
HOW TO THROW A HIGH FAST BALL. 
 
 JIOW TO TiiKOW SPIT BALL. 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 to delivering the ball. Then as the arms are 
 outstretched overhead a long stride forward 
 should be taken with the left foot. As the ball 
 leaves the hand the right foot is pulled off the 
 ground and all the weight of the body is on 
 the left foot. As soon as the ball is delivered 
 the feet are again placed side by side about 
 eighteen inches apart, and in this position the 
 pitcher is in a good position to handle a sharp 
 hit or to start quickly after a bunt. * 
 
 The hardest thing about the drop curve for 
 a novice to learn is to not make the ball break 
 too quickly. It is the correct twist of the 
 wrist that accomplishes the desired result, so 
 the twist requires the most study. 
 
 The beginner had better refrain from at 
 tempting any speed, as there is no ball that 
 will create such havoc with the arm if used 
 indiscreetly. 
 
 No pitcher with a good assortment of curves 
 should be required to play in more than two 
 games a week. A great amount of tissue is 
 broken down in the arm that does the work, 
 and it takes a lot of time to rebuild it. 
 
 The fall away, or fade away, ball is the most 
 effective style of throwing a baseball that I 
 have yet discovered. 
 
 So far as I know, I am the only pitcher in 
 League baseball to-day that habitually vises 
 
SENDING IN AN IN-CURVE. 
 
 THE DECEPTIVE BLOW STRAIGHT BALL. 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 this method of pitching. There was a twirler 
 a few years ago who had some success with it, 
 but he is no longer in the game. It took me 
 considerable time to master it with any degree 
 of perfection, but it came more or less natural 
 to me. To others it seems to be a very hard 
 ball to master. I have tried to teach it to 
 several players, but none of them ever suc- 
 ceeded in getting it down well enough to 
 make practical use of it in a game. 
 
 Even after they have grasped the idea and 
 know fairly well how to send it across the 
 plate, they lack the confidence to use it in a 
 contest. Two pitchers that I could mention 
 have been trying to add it to their accom- 
 plishments for two years, and they are now 
 about ready to give it up. For this reason I 
 believe the fade away is the ball that comes 
 most natural to my own particular build of 
 muscle, or perhaps I am a poor coach. 
 
 I regard the fade away as my most effective 
 ball. I use it in every game, and it has never 
 failed me in recent years when my control was 
 in working order. It is the ball that has won 
 for me all my honors in baseball, and I regard 
 it as the best and most deceptive style of de- 
 livery that a pitcher could possess. 
 
 After a few drop curves and fast balls have 
 been used there is no better ball than the fade 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 away for a change of pace. It is really an 
 exceptionally slow ball, and it serves to relieve 
 the strain on the pitcher as well as to puzzle 
 batsmen. A simple definition for the fall 
 away is that it is a ball 'that curves out from a 
 left-handed batter when it is pitched by a 
 right-handed pitcher. 
 
 In starting the fade away a pitcher goes 
 through practically the same motions that he 
 uses for a fast drop curve. The ball is also 
 held in the same way as for the drop curve, 
 and these two things serve to mystify the man 
 at the bat at the very start. The ball is held 
 very loosely at the tips of the fingers, the first 
 two fingers being above the ball and the thumb 
 below it. The arms are thrown high above 
 the head, as for the drop curve, but when the 
 pitching arm begins to start the horsehide on 
 its way the arm is brought out from the side 
 of the body and raised to an angle of about 45 
 degrees. This motion is gone through so 
 quickly, however, that it is practically impos- 
 sible for the batsman to detect the fact that he 
 is going to get something very different from 
 a drop curve. In the drop curve the arm de- 
 scends straight down in front, but in the fade 
 away the motion of the arm from its position 
 at an angle of 45 degrees is a small outward 
 swing. When the arm gets in front of the 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 pitcher just about on the level with his chin 
 the hand is given a sharp twist inward, or to 
 the left, which brings the back of the hand on 
 top, and the loosely held ball, which is revolv- 
 ing from the rapid action of the arm, slips out 
 sideways or off the second finger. At the same 
 time there is a rotary motion given to the hand. 
 When the ball leaves the hand the arm is so 
 twisted that the palm of the hand faces out- 
 ward. 
 
 The ball sails through the air at a deceptive 
 gait until it gets about six feet from the bats- 
 man, where it begins to curve both outward 
 and downward. It is the rotary motion of the 
 hand just before the ball is let go that imparts 
 the outward curve to the ball. As the ball 
 passes the batsman it is revolving at a great 
 rate, and its course, as I've said, is both out- 
 ward and downward. 
 
 It can be easily imagined that such a ball is 
 calculated to deceive the greatest wielder of a 
 bat that ever strode the diamond. He is de- 
 ceived at the start as to the speed of the ball. 
 As it rushes towards him it looks like a fast 
 high ball ; six feet away from him, when it 
 begins to drop, it has the appearance of a slow 
 drop ball, and then .as he swings at it it is 
 travelling in two directions at once. 
 
 Another good feature of the fade away is 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 that it can be delivered fast as well as slow, 
 although it never attains the speed of what we 
 baseball players call the fast ball. 
 
 The ball often puzzles umpires, but when 
 rightly placed it is invariably called a strike. 
 The reason for this is that the ball has a good 
 big target in which to score a strike. The 
 diagonal break gives it about two feet of travel 
 across the plate. 
 
 Another thing that increases its effective- 
 ness is its tremendous curve. In rising it I 
 generally lure the batsman into the idea that 
 he is about to receive a fast ball of some sort. 
 He prepares to meet such a ball, and is there- 
 fore wide of the mark when he strikes at a 
 sphere with a two-foot curve on it. It is par- 
 ticularly effective against left-handed batters, 
 for if they meet it at all they will catch it on 
 the end of the bat and either score a little pop 
 fly or make a weak, dribbling hit toward the 
 pitcher or third base. 
 
 Right-handed batters are puzzled just as 
 much by it, and I never hesitate to use it at 
 any time. Many batsmen have a pretty good 
 idea of the direction it will take when they 
 guess what is coming, but they also know how 
 hard it is to connect with and this lessens their 
 confidence in their own skill. 
 
 I invariably use the ball when two men are 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 on bases, and the opposing batsmen know it. 
 The knowledge, however, does them little 
 good, the ball being so hard to hit. 
 
 No pitcher can be very effective in the box 
 without having a fast ball at his command ; 
 and it is, in fact, the ball that amateurs who 
 aspire to be professionals should thoroughly 
 master before perfecting their control of any 
 other mode of pitching. 
 
 If a pitcher depended entirely on slow balls 
 and curves, he would weaken his effectiveness 
 at least twenty-five per cent. The opposing 
 batsmen would soon learn to anticipate what 
 was coming, and base hits would be made with 
 bewildering frequency. 
 
 A fast ball may travel as straight as a sur- 
 veyor's tape into the glove of the catcher, but 
 the most effective way to vise it is to make it 
 shoot in one of several directions. If delivered 
 by a straight overhand movement, and with 
 great force, it may sometimes jump upward, 
 perhaps only an inch, but that may be enough 
 of a jump to make the batsman hit under it or 
 hit it so that it goes straight up in the air, 
 where the catcher or pitcher can easily secure 
 it when it descends. 
 
 If delivered by a side arm snap, or, in other 
 words, with the arm horizontal to the ground, 
 it may shoot in toward the handle of a right- 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 handed batter. Some amateurs have been 
 wont to call this shoot an incurve. It is not a 
 curve, but a distinct shoot. At other times it 
 may shoot in exactly the opposite direction; 
 and, in fact, there is no telling what a fast ball 
 will do. 
 
 It therefore can be easily conceived that the 
 fast ball is a very wicked ball ; and, in the 
 hands of a pitcher with an attack of wildness, 
 a very dangerous one. Pitchers often hit 
 batsmen when using the fast ball, even when 
 they have perfect control, for the ball is liable 
 to take an unusually big shoot at any time. It 
 is a ball calculated to rattle the man at the bat, 
 for it is impossible for him to guess which way 
 an extremely fast ball will jump when de- 
 livered overhand. 
 
 In many respects it is a simple sort of de- 
 livery to learn. The ball is clutched in the 
 same way as the fade away and drop curve 
 balls ; that is to say, it is held by the two first 
 fingers and the thumb, the latter being beneath 
 the ball. There is one important exception, 
 however. When delivering the drop curve 
 and fade away, the ball is clasped so loosely 
 that it moves about in the hand, while when 
 the fast ball is desired the sphere is pressed 
 tightly against the thumb. 
 
 This pressure prevents the ball making a 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 curve. When the ball is started on its way 
 with the overhand swing, the whole body must 
 go behind the ball, and no sudden jerk should 
 be given to the arm. Neither is there any 
 snap of the wrist when the ball leaves the 
 hand , When the ball starts for the plate the 
 wrist is exactly on a level with the rest of the 
 arm, which is extended out as straight as pos- 
 sible horizontally to the ground. The ball 
 leaves the hand at terrific speed and travels 
 straight as a die. When it is about three feet 
 from the batter it may shoot for six inches or 
 more, either outward or inward. 
 
 When the ball is rightly delivered the speed 
 is so great that the time is too short for a bats- ' 
 man's eye to judge it. He is compelled to 
 either strike at random or step back out of 
 harm's way. 
 
 When using the fast ball it is essential to 
 take care that 110 jerk of the arm or snap of 
 the wrist occurs. The tremendous power put 
 in the swing is apt to lead to a strain if the 
 motion of the arm be not as smooth as pos- 
 sible. The slightest jerk of the arm is apt to 
 cause it to ache for some time. 
 
 Control is, of course, the most important 
 feature of the fast ball. When a pitcher has 
 good control of it, it will be as useful against a 
 clever team as any ball he could employ. If a 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 pitcher knows that a batsman hits weakly at a 
 high ball, he must have the control to send 
 the ball across the plate exactly at the height 
 of the batter's shoulders, so that if an attempt 
 is made to bat the ball it will be a strike. 
 Some batsmen are very weak at hitting low 
 balls when they pass over either the inside 
 edge or the outside edge of the plate, and 
 these men are easily struck out by a pitcher 
 having perfect control of the fast ball. 
 
 A good ball to use in connection with the 
 fast ball is what is known in the profession as 
 the slow ball, also known as the palm ball. 
 This is thrown with exactly the same motion 
 as the fast ball, and is therefore a gay deceiver 
 to all but exceptionally clever batsmen. When . 
 a pitcher desires to use the palm ball he places 
 the horsehide in the palm of his hand and 
 makes the same swing as for the fast ball ; . 
 that is, bringing the arm well back over the 
 head, and then straight forward at full length, 
 but puts very little effort in the delivery. The 
 slow ball has no curve, and very often does not 
 revolve when on its way to the plate. 
 
 It is this ball that is often described as look- 
 ing "big as a house" when approaching the 
 batsman. In fact, some sharp-eyed batters 
 say that they can see the seam when the slow 
 ball is used. It is a great ball to use when 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 you are sure that the fellow with the willow 
 in his hands is expecting something speedy. 
 
 A great deal has been written about the spit 
 ball, and it is doubtless a very useful thing to 
 those who have mastered it. I took the 
 trouble to master this ball, and, like many 
 other pitchers, I have had some success 
 with it. I do not use it very often, for 
 the reason that I am more successful with 
 the other styles of delivery I have described 
 in these articles. The spit ball is delivered 
 in about the same manner as the fast 
 ball, and it has a little more speed than the 
 slow or palmed ball. It is not a curve, 
 but makes an abrupt shoot downward when 
 within two or three feet of the plate. It does 
 not revolve when on its way to the batsman. 
 Just why it takes that abrupt drop even the 
 scientists who take an interest in baseball 
 have been tinable to explain. The ball gets 
 its undignified name from the fact that the 
 first two fingers are thoroughly moistened 
 with saliva, so that the ball glides over them 
 without revolving. 
 
 I might say in conclusion that it takes care- 
 ful living and careful training to remain a 
 first-class pitcher. A man may train con- 
 scientiously, yet fail to maintain his prestige 
 in the pitcher's box, owing to a lack of knowl- 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 edge of the art of taking care of his salary 
 wing, as ball players put it. I inake it a point 
 to give my arin a thorough rest several 
 months each year, and I have found that this 
 proves the wisest thing to do in the end. 
 CHRISTY MATTHEWS 
 
 [THE SPIT BALL.] 
 
 The spit ball, which is probably the most de- 
 ceptive ball that a batter ever struck at, is 
 thrown at medium speed. If thrown fast it 
 loses its effect. It must be carefully judged, 
 for if it is too slow it will break too soon and 
 probably hit the ground before it reaches the 
 catcher 
 
 To throw a spit ball wet the first and second 
 fingers, so it will slip away instead of rolling 
 away. With the latter movement the curve 
 is sharp, but with the former it is sudden and 
 sometimes startling. 
 
 It will be found difficult at first to control 
 the ball, and the beginner is apt to be dis- 
 couraged because of his wild throws. 
 
 Bear in mind one thing: In ordinary and 
 curve pitching the ball leaves the thumb first 
 and the fingers last ; with the spit ball this is 
 reversed, and the thumb is made to control 
 the ball instead of the fingers. 
 
 The wetting of the two fingers is only for 
 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 35 
 
 the purpose of allowing the ball to slip away 
 from them easily. 
 
 Very little rotary motion is imparted to the 
 spit ball. It comes up big and slow and the 
 batter can almost see the seams. Just as he 
 draws back to hit the ball seems to receive 
 new impetus and drops or jumps as if struck 
 down from behind. If the batter hits where 
 he aimed he misses it probably a foot. 
 
 That is what has caused so many former 
 heavy hitters to become disheartened and de- 
 clare that nowadays, the batter is lucky if he 
 hits .250 on the season. It certainly has cut 
 down the hitting so much in one season that 
 already a change in the rules is contemplated. 
 
 Unlike an ordinary curved ball, the pitcher 
 cannot be certain of the side direction the ball 
 will take as it breaks downward. The perfect 
 spit ball drops from the batter's hips to his 
 knees or below in perhaps two feet of forward 
 motion. 
 
 The side breaks are determined by the 
 manner in which the ball leaves the pitcher's 
 hand. If the hand is turned with the arm 
 facing down and to one side the break at the 
 plate will be different than if the ball left the 
 hand with the palm not turned over so far. 
 There are a great many angles to deliver the 
 ball from, and different arm motions, but they 
 must be studied out. 
 
CKBISTY MATHEWSON, THE PHENOMENAL PITCHER. 
 
THE MAN BEHIND THE BAT. 
 
 With pitchers studying out new and puzzling 
 curves, throwing first fast and then slow, with 
 drops, in-shoots, out-shoots, and rising balls, the 
 position of catcher becomes trebly important, 
 and his work increased accordingly. He must 
 have a quick eye, strong hands, "and good nerve, 
 for all three are necessary to good play in that 
 particular position. 
 
 Even in the most favorable light, the 'position 
 is not an easy one, and it is always in the danger 
 zone. 
 
 Many a good catcher has pulled his team out 
 of a hole at a critical moment, and has helped the 
 pitcher to steady himself. The catcher is the 
 man who is practically in control of the field, 
 because his position faces every player, and, con- 
 sequently, not a move should escape him. By a 
 system of signals he can notify the pitcher of 
 every move made by the base runner, and when 
 and where to throw a ball to catch a man napping. 
 A long reach is almost indispensable for a 
 catcher, for by its means he will be the better 
 enabled to handle wild pitches which come his 
 way. 
 
38 SCICIiCC Of BASEBALL. 
 
 A catcher who can hold the balls, no matter 
 how fast or erratic they come, is bound to in- 
 spire a pitcher with confidence, to say nothing of 
 the good effect his work will have upon the rest 
 of the team. 
 
 A catcher with weight is bound to have a great 
 advantage over a lighter man, because with nerve 
 and pounds he will be better enabled to block a 
 base runner who is willing to take all kinds of 
 chances. He is bound to have nerve, anyhow, if 
 he expects to be successful behind the brt, be- 
 cause it is a great strain to be compelled to face 
 the rapid-fire work of a good pitcher, watch the 
 field, look after fouls, and protect the home plate. 
 
 The catcher should never weaken in his work. 
 If he is up against a fast, strong pitcher, he must 
 take the balls as they come, and* not be afraid of 
 them. 
 
 For this the best thing is practice, and keep 
 at it. His hands should never be allowed to grow 
 soft. The good catcher will let nothing go past 
 him ; he must be able to throw accurately, and he 
 must have a brain that acts quickly. He must 
 watch the bashes closely and head off a runner. 
 
 Many a game has been lost by the wild throw 
 of a catcher who wasn't well up in the game ; and 
 there is no position on the team that calls'.. for 
 harder work. 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 39 
 
 He must be thoroughly familiar with signals, 
 and be able to use them in such a manner that 
 they will not be learned by any of the opposing 
 players. 
 
 There is style in catching, just as there is style 
 in anything else. There is a way to stand and a 
 place to stand, as well as a way to throw. 
 
 In standing, the body should be bent well for- 
 ward from the hips, with the knees straight, or 
 almost so. The object is to assume such a posi- 
 tion that the ball can be readily handled at any 
 point from the ground up. 
 
 Don't crouch, but assume an easy position. 
 
 Don't make any more work than is necessary, 
 as energy is a good thing to take care of. 
 
 Keep your feet fairly close together never 
 more than 12 inches apart and always be pre- 
 pared for a quick throw. Bear in mind that the 
 catcher must be prepared for every kind of an 
 emergency, and he must be in form to make a long 
 throw, stop a low ball, a high ball, or get to a foul 
 at an instant's notice. 
 
 The catcher and the pitcher should thoroughly 
 understand each other, and after the signal the 
 hands should be held in such a position that the 
 batter will not have any reason to suspect which 
 kind of a ball is coming at the next throw; so 
 never give any of the opposing team any advan- 
 tage in that direction. 
 
JOE WOOD. 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 The position of the catcher can always be 
 changed when the pitcher is ready to deliver the 
 ball, and he can then prepare himself to hold it. 
 
 Too much importance cannot be placed upon 
 throwing accurately and promptly to the bases, 
 and here again is where practice will make the 
 good player. One of the best catchers in the 
 business has this to say: 
 
 "When about to catch a ball which is to be 
 immediately thrown, be in a position to receive 
 the ball on the right side; take one short step 
 with the left foot, and in throwing, send the ball 
 straight from the shoulder without drawing the 
 arm too far back." 
 
 There isn't a great lot of speed in a ball of 
 that character, but there is less time spent in start- 
 ing it on the way, and that more than equalizes 
 matters. 
 
 In making long throws the ball should be sent 
 overhand, but in throwing to first and third bases 
 the snap throw will be found to be best. 
 
 Don't catch with a stiff arm, as it is liable to 
 injure the hands. Relax the muscles and let the 
 hands give with the ball. Don't meet it with a 
 jolt and increase the strain. 
 
 The good catcher will be careful to keep his 
 hands in good condition, and take no chances of 
 having them crippled. 
 
 Now a word as to foul flies. 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 It looks easy from the outfield or grand stand 
 for a catcher to get under a foul, but it takes a 
 quick, alert player to handle them successfully. 
 They are usually hit behind him, and it is some- 
 times very confusing to have to turn around too 
 quickly. But here is where practice comes in 
 again, and it doesn't do any harm to practice on 
 fouls. 
 
 There have been many arguments as to where 
 a catcher should stand when guarding the home 
 plate, and there is a considerable difference of 
 opinion on this point. Some stand a couple of feet, 
 back of the line and near the plate, contending 
 that this makes it impossible for the runner to 
 slide around them. But the majority seem to 
 concede that the proper position is in front of 
 the plate and about two feet toward third base. 
 
 Courage is most essential in a catcher's makeup, 
 and he must be quick to think and quick to act. 
 
PLAYING FIRST BASE. 
 
 There was a time, years ago, when the posi- 
 tion of first baseman was not nearly so important 
 as it is to-day, and so the man who defends that 
 bag must be a particularly alert player. This may 
 be more readily understood when the fact is 
 stated that a large percentage of the balls thrown 
 go to this point. With more than one man on 
 bases his place is liable to be a critical one. 
 
 It is considered good policy to cut off a player 
 at third instead of the man who has just been at 
 the bat, and who is trying to reach first, but 
 the play should be made quickly. There are 
 plenty of opportunities to make a double play, but 
 many times they end in disaster, and allow the 
 man on second base to g*et to third. So remem- 
 ber the old rule that one out is better than none 
 out. 
 
 Watch the man at the bat. 
 
 When the bases are vacant play well into the 
 field, in order to get hits that would otherwise 
 be safe, and depend upon the pitcher to cover the 
 base. In the event of fielding the ball at a short 
 
PBANK CHANCK 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 45 
 
 distance from the base, if the pitcher is covering 
 it don't make the mistake of a swift overhand 
 throw, which is liable to be muffed. 
 
 In case the base is occupied, watch the batter 
 closely, and if he bunts the ball toward first, run 
 in and get it and throw it to second, on the chance 
 that it may be returned promptly enough to head 
 off the man who is trying to make first. 
 
 Too much importance cannot be attached to this 
 play, which has been adopted by all good first 
 basemen. 
 
 But don't hurry. 
 
 Take your time, and make your throw accurate, 
 and then get to your base, where you will be ready 
 to receive the return throw. 
 
 But before you throw, be sure that you will 
 head the runner off. Make a sure-thing play of 
 it, and if there should be any doubt about it, bear 
 in mind that you can at least put out the batter. 
 
 One of the most essential qualifications of a 
 man playing first is his ability to successfully han- 
 dle low balls, and a good clean pick up has re- 
 tired many a runner at this point. 
 
 A long reach is a good thing for any ball player 
 to have, no matter in what position he plays, and 
 its advantages in handling wild throws is self- 
 evident. It is sometimes a difficult matter for a 
 fielder to gauge a long throw, and the best posi- 
 tion is to stand with both feet in front of the 
 
46 SCIENCE OP BASEBALL. 
 
 base, so that the position may be readily changed 
 from one side to the other, according as the ball 
 may come. 
 
 Foul flies come within the province of the first 
 baseman, and in order to handle them he must be 
 a speedy sprinter and always on the alert. 
 
 And, finally, go after the ball never wait for 
 it to come to you. 
 
 Above all, don't stand behind your base when 
 you expect to be in the play, because there is a 
 good chance that the ball will reach you at the 
 same time the runner arrives at the base, and he 
 will be safe. 
 
 Go forward to meet the ball, if possible, and. 
 be where you can command control of the bag. 
 
ON SECOND BASE. 
 
 It requires a cool head for second base, as well 
 as a thorough familiarity with the signals, and 
 many a man holding down second has brought 
 disaster to his side by going up in the air at a 
 critical moment. 
 
 Assuming that the first and third bases are oc- 
 cupied, and that the man on first is trying to steal 
 to second, the man on second will give the signal 
 to the catcher for a long throw, while the short 
 stop will back him up. 
 
 Then, if the man on third attempts to score, 
 a wide-awake second baseman will return the ball 
 to the home plate and cut him off. 
 
 Then, assuming that the man on third does not 
 try to score, the second baseman will allow the 
 ball to go to the short stop, who has temporarily 
 covered the base, and put out the runner from 
 first to second. 
 
 This is more or less of a trick play, when made 
 under these circumstances, in order to induce the 
 runner on third base to attempt to score. 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 This play has caused more criticism among the 
 experts than any other on the diamond, but it is 
 given here in the way it is played by those second 
 basemen who rank as stars. 
 
 Quick judgment is absolutely necessary to this 
 position, for with a runner on first, and the ball 
 hit out to near him, a man hasn't got a great while 
 to think what to do. Here is his chance for a 
 double play, which he ought readily to make, if 
 he keeps his head. But this, of course, with the 
 understanding that no one, .or perhaps one man, 
 is out. 
 
 The proper place to stand is just inside of the 
 line, two or three feet from the base, unless, of 
 course, the runner happens to be a diver or a 
 slider, when it is advisable to play behind the 
 line. 
 
 The object of playing inside the line is to be 
 nearer the ball on a short throw from the catcher, 
 and gathering in a grounder quickly. 
 
 A great many flies come to the second baseman's 
 territory, and many of them are extremely diffi- 
 cult to handle. He may have to go to center or 
 right field, or he may have to run in almost to 
 the pitcher. In cases of this kind there is always 
 the chance of two men, both after the same ball, 
 colliding. To avoid this, if he is reasonably sure 
 of getting the fly, he should shout : 
 
 "I'll take it!" 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 19 
 
 No reply is necessary to this, as the other player 
 assumes that everything is all right. 
 
 And then, on the other hand, unless this is done, 
 both players may stop running for the ball, each 
 one assuming that the other will take it, and both 
 will miss it. 
 
 Many an easy fly has proved a safe hit because 
 of a misunderstanding between players in the 
 field. 
 
 A little practice and experience will soon prove 
 to a player whether he can get the ball or 
 not, and if his colleague has the better chance, 
 he should' allow him by all means to take the 
 ball. 
 
 Don't try for a grand stand play at the expense 
 of the game. 
 
 Don't call out that you will take the ball un- 
 less it is almost a certainty that you can take it. 
 
TY COBB. 
 
THE THIRD BASEMAN. 
 
 The third baseman is right in line with some 
 of the hardest hits, which it takes no little amount 
 of nerve and courage to face. 
 
 Besides this, he occupies what is considered by 
 many experts one of the most difficult positions 
 on the diamond. 
 
 When a runner is on third base, the temptation 
 to steal home is very great, and here is where the 
 third baseman's alertness comes into play. With 
 one run needed to win, or tie the score, his posi- 
 tion is indeed a trying one, and it frequently hap- 
 pens that the game is in his hands. 
 
 A good man on third can make the position a 
 comparatively easy one, just the same as a good 
 man anywhere can do any kind of work with less 
 exertion than one who may be less capable. 
 
 The good man on third will study the peculiari- 
 ties of the men at the bat, and become just as fa- 
 miliar with them as the pitcher. He will pick 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 out the hunters, and try, as far as is possible, to 
 anticipate the play. The toughest proposition he 
 has to face is the expert with the willow, who is 
 not only a scientific batter, but a sprinter of abil- 
 ity. 
 
 He must make up his mind that the batter is 
 just as clever as he is, and will try and deceive 
 him, if possible. 
 
 Such a batter will do all in his power to induce 
 the baseman to play in close by pretending to bunt, 
 and will then make a safe hit. 
 
 So the man on third who expects to be really 
 good in the position must know to a certain extent 
 about what is going to happen in advance. 
 
 He should field all of the easy, slow hits, in- 
 stead of the short stop, with whom he must have 
 a complete understanding. And as in every other 
 position on a nine, team work counts for a great 
 deal in the long run. But he shouldn't conflict 
 with the short stop by endeavoring to reach a ball 
 that ought to be fielded by the latter. 
 
 He should also watch the bases, and when he 
 throws the ball, throw it to the right place at the 
 right time. 
 
 If it should so happen, as it frequently does, that 
 a runner is on first base, and a hit is made to third, 
 he should throw the ball to second, from whence 
 it will go to first, with two out as the result But 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 53 
 
 if there is no chance for a double play, he should 
 give the throw to second the preference, by all 
 means. 
 
 There are many intricacies in this position which 
 will soon be mastered by an earnest, intelligent, 
 ambitious player, if he will study them. 
 
SHORT STOP. 
 
 This means an exceedingly active man, good 
 at a sprint, quick to get in action, and just as 
 quick to stop; a good and accurate thrower, and 
 the more ability he has to throw a ball the better 
 will he be able to support a very trying posi- 
 tion. 
 
 He is also an emergency second and third base- 
 man, and must be always ready to get to either 
 one very quickly when he is wanted. 
 
 The short stop covers a territory in which it 
 is very easy for an experienced batter to send 
 the ball, and he must, perforce, keep all his wits 
 about him. It frequently happens that he will 
 have to field the ball on a run. He must then 
 make a dead stop and send it to first without de- 
 lay. 
 
 The position of short stop offers many oppor- 
 tunities for individual star plays, and the work 
 of a good man will have no little effect upon the 
 
56 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 And here, again, a word of caution, which 
 seems to be particularly appropriate. Don't throw 
 the ball until you are sure you are going to get 
 it to the hands of the man who is waiting to re- 
 ceive it, and don't be over anxious. Wild throws 
 and fumbles are inexcusable errors, which should 
 never be made. 
 
 Better not throw the ball at all, than throw it 
 wild, and give the runner a chance to make an- 
 other base, or perhaps score. 
 
 The duty of a short stop includes that of tak- 
 ing part in the play when a runner is caught be- 
 tween the bases, and he assists the baseman in 
 running the player down. Don't make too many 
 throws in play. Start off at full speed, and get 
 the runner in action, and then make the throw to 
 the fielder who is in front of the man. A few 
 throws will generally do the trick, and a lot of 
 surplus energy will be saved. 
 
 The short stop should thoroughly familiarize 
 himself with the system of signals of the team, 
 especially those which are used between the catch- 
 er and the first and second basemen, so that he 
 will be informed of approaching plays, and be 
 able to back them up promptly and effectively. 
 
 He is supposed to be an all-around man, and 
 he is ; and his business is to help the other play- 
 ers on the team whenever and wherever it is pos- 
 sible to do so. 
 
AT THE BAT. 
 
 In many games the batting tells the story, and 
 while a player may be a star in almost any posi- 
 tion on the nine, yet he is liable to be weak when 
 at the bat. 
 
 The way to learn how to handle the bat is to 
 go up against a good pitcher and try and hit him. 
 Practice is everything, but in batting there is a 
 great 'deal more to be learned than would seem 
 at first glance. The veriest tyro can take a ball 
 and a bat and knock flies and grounders, and he 
 can become so proficient that he will be able to 
 send the sphere a long distance. But put him up 
 against a good pitcher, and he will fan the air for 
 a few minutes and then go and take a seat on 
 the bench and give somebody else a chance. 
 
 So to all baseball players this advice is given: 
 
 Learn how to bat pitched balls, and train the 
 eye to follow the ball and gauge it accurately. 
 
 There are very few young men who, if they hit 
 
 a ball fairly, cannot send it a great distance ; they 
 
 have muscle enough for that, so that it isn't a ques- 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 tion of strength alone; but the thing is to hit it, 
 and the science of it all is to put it in a good safe 
 spot, whether it is in the infield or the outfield. 
 
 And now assume that the game has begun, and 
 you are at the bat. Don't be in a hurry; there 
 is plenty of time. Watch the pitcher, and when 
 he delivers the ball shift your eyes to it. 
 
 Stand firm, with the legs not too far apart, and 
 within easy reaching distance of the plate. 
 
 Be confident. 
 
 Don't let the pitcher get your nerve. 
 
 When the pitcher is about to deliver the ball 
 be prepared to meet it, and try and make up your 
 mind whether it is a fast ball or a slow ball. 
 
 Study his delivery, and try to discover what he 
 is going to do next. 
 
 Rather let a ball go and have a strike, than 
 miss it, because nothing is so discouraging as to 
 hit at a ball and miss it. The weight should be 
 on the forward foot, and once the ball has been 
 started don't attempt to change your position, and 
 don't make a wild swing or reach for it. 
 
 A trained eye and close calculation will do more 
 for the man at the bat than the muscles of San- 
 dow ; and be careful not to take a long step on the 
 spur of the moment in going after what seems 
 an easy ball. Keep all the advantage of height 
 in order to bat a moderately high ball. 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 59 
 
 The secret of a long hit is not muscle ; it's knack. 
 It lies in the hitting of the ball at precisely the 
 proper moment, with a sharp, quick stroke, and 
 adding to it the impetus given by the shoulders. 
 
 It isn't necessary to swing hard, either ; in fact, 
 in many cases, it is a fatal error, and it robs the 
 batter of his judgment of distance and accuracy. 
 
 Don't look for a home run. The base hit is 
 what pulls the batting average up. 
 
 Study the field, and master the ability to send 
 the ball into a certain territory, rather <han to try 
 and send it a great distance; and don't forget 
 that flies are fatal to the batter in many instances. 
 
 It is conceded that the bat should hit the ball 
 not more than six inches from the end. 
 
 The weight of the bat doesn't make a very great 
 difference that is at the option of the player. 
 
 It is a hard matter to define just how the bat 
 should be held, because many good players have 
 their own opinion on this subject; but you will not 
 be very far out of the way if you keep the hands 
 slightly apart, and in a position that the bat may 
 be readily and easily handled. 
 
 One of the most important things to learn is 
 scientific hitting. For this the hands should be 
 much further apart, and the player should lean 
 forward and wait for a low ball, which is the 
 best for this purpose. The trouble with a high 
 
60 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 ball is that the batter is liable to pop up an easy 
 fly, which can be easily caught by the infield. 
 
 The ability to place a ball in any certain terri- 
 tory it should be called an art cannot be over- 
 estimated, and too much attention cannot be given 
 to it. 
 
 This particular chapter is one of the most im- 
 portant in this book, because it applies to all play- 
 ers, no matter what their positions on the nine 
 may be. Every man has to bat, while only two 
 or three have to pitch, or occupy certain posi- 
 tions on the field. 
 
 And, above all, be confident. 
 
 Don't be afraid of being hit with the ball. Re- 
 member you are about to engage in a contest in 
 which you will have nine men against you, and 
 you have every chance of winning, notwithstand- 
 ing the apparently unequal odds. 
 
 For the batter, confidence is half the game ; and 
 he shouldn't fear a pitched ball; the fact of be- 
 ing hit by a ball shouldn't get a man's nerve. It's 
 all in the game, and if a player is enthusiastic over 
 the great national game he will be willing to take 
 the few hard knocks that go with it. 
 
 If your eyes are at all bad, don't play ball, for 
 you will never succeed. Every ball player needs 
 two good eyes, and he must use them all the 
 time, and more especially when he is at the bat. 
 
SCIENCE QF BASEBALL 
 
 Nothing will so rattle a man as a wild 
 pitcher, especially one who delivers a speedy 
 ball, and many pitchers throw wild occasion- 
 ally in order to make a batter nervous. But 
 wait until the ball comes that you want. Make 
 up your mind that you want to hit the ball if 
 the opportunity offers, and don't hope and ex- 
 pect to be sent to your base on balls. 
 
 The player who stands in the correct posi- 
 tion at the plate will not often be hit, because 
 he will be able to dodge and side step readily. 
 
 When a player is at the bat, the only thing 
 he has to consider is the ball, as it comes from 
 the pitcher, and he shouldn't shrink back 
 every time a fast ball comes near him. 
 
 Bunting to-day has become a distinct feature, 
 and the man who knows the science of bunt- 
 ing is a valuable acquisition on any team, no 
 matter what his other qualifications may be. 
 
 The man who bunts the ball can usually 
 place it in any territory he desires, for the 
 simple reason that he is better able to gauge 
 an easy hit than if he were going to slug. 
 
 And it is important that the bunter should 
 know just when to bunt and where to put the 
 ball, in order that it may do the most good. 
 
re**. 
 
THE OUTFIELDERS. 
 
 The player who is a good outfielder is a valu- 
 able and important addition to any team. His 
 motto should be, "Don't wait, but get there." 
 
 There are two essential qualifications, and they 
 must be well developed a strong arm and the 
 ability to sprint. 
 
 Of course, it is understood that a fielder must 
 possess other good points, but these come first, and 
 without them he might as well try some other po- 
 sition, for he will never make a success in the 
 field. 
 
 Practice and good judgment will tell the story, 
 for a man never knows what he can do until he 
 tries. 
 
 It isn't everyone who can get under a fly and 
 hold it, or who can field a bounding grounder and 
 throw it accurately and swiftly to the proper base. 
 
 The fielder must think quick and act quick. He 
 must take the sun and the wind into considera- 
 tion, as well as the nature of the ground upon 
 which he is working. A slight inequality will 
 often divert the course of a grounder that would 
 
6 4 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 otherwise come his way, and he must allow for 
 that. 
 
 He should know, the instant the ball is hit by 
 the batter, just about where it will go, and he 
 should not confine himself to too small a terri- 
 tory. 
 
 Fielding' alone will not win a game, but if suc- 
 cessfully done its influence will be shown on the 
 score of the opposing team. 
 
 Don't hold the ball, but throw it at once to the 
 proper place, and be accurate about it, too, for 
 a wild throw from the outfield is usually disas- 
 trous, and gives the runner a chance to advance. 
 
 It is a good rule for the center fielder, as well 
 as the left fielder, to throw to second base, if there 
 is a man on first, and to throw to third if there is 
 a man on second. 
 
 With the right fielder it is different, but it is 
 too long a throw to third from where he would 
 probably field the ball, and with a man on first 
 his play would be to send the ball to second ; and 
 with no men on bases, to throw it to first. 
 
 Another point for fielders is that the fielders 
 should not interfere with each other. Go for the 
 ball if you have any kind of a chance to get it, 
 and if you are reasonably sure you can handle it, 
 announce the fact as you are running. If not, 
 it is just as well to call to any of the other fielders 
 who may be going for it, "You take it !" 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 65 
 
 This not only prevents confusion, but prevents 
 the possibility of the ball dropping uncaught be- 
 tween two players, which has been known to oc- 
 cur. 
 
 A good fielder will know as soon as a ball is 
 hit just about where it will go, especially if it is 
 a long fly ; and if he is a good man, and he judges 
 the fly will go over him, he will not keep backing 
 and stumbling, but he will instantly gauge it, and, 
 turning his back on it, will run to the place where 
 he expects it will land. Here is where speed 
 comes in, for the sooner he reaches the desired 
 point the more time he will have to get directly 
 under it in its drop. 
 
 But such work as this can come only from 
 long practice. It is worth the while in the end, 
 and it will more than repay the ambitious ball 
 player. Of course, it is easier to run in for a ball 
 than out for it, but batters do not hit a ball to be 
 caught, and the conscientious fielder will find that 
 there is plenty of work cut out for him. 
 
 In fielding a grounder, don't wait until it comes 
 to you, but go after it, and get it, if possible, on 
 a short bound. 
 
 Always back up the play of another fielder. No 
 man is infallible, and he is liable to miss a ball; 
 but with two men the chances of missing are mini- 
 mized, and besides, it will serve to make the run- 
 ners stick to their bases a little closer. 
 
66 
 
 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 - 
 
 Another thing: a man who is backed up will 
 have more confidence in his work. 
 
 Good support is invaluable in every part of the 
 game of baseball. 
 
 Help each other, and remember, again, that good 
 team work will tell in the long run. 
 
RULES. 
 
 Rule 1. The Ball Ground. 
 
 The ball ground must be enclosed. To obviate the 
 necessity for ground rules, the shortest distance from a 
 fence or stand on fair territory to the home base should 
 be 235 feet and from home base to the grandstand 
 90 feet. 
 Rule 2. To Lay Off the Field. . 
 
 To lay off the lines defining the location of the several 
 bases, the catcher's and the pitcher's position and to 
 establish the boundaries required in playing the game of 
 baseball, proceed as follows: 
 
 Diamond or Infield. 
 
 From a point, A, within the grounds, project a 
 straight line out into the field, and at a point, B, 154 feet 
 from point A, lay off lines B C and B D at right angles 
 to the line A B; then, with B as a center and 63.63945 
 feet as a radius, describe arcs cutting the lines B A at F 
 and B C at G, B D at H and B E at I. Draw lines 
 F G, G E, E H, and H F, which said lines shall be the 
 containing lines of the Diamond or Infield. 
 
 Rule 3. The Catcher's Lines. 
 
 With F as a center and 10 feet radius, describe an arc 
 cutting line F A at L, and draw lines L M and L O at 
 right angles to F A, and continue same out from F A 
 not less than 10 feet. 
 
 Rule 4. The Foul Lines. 
 
 From the intersection point, F, continue the straight 
 lines F G and F H until they intersect the lines L M 
 and L O, and then from the points G and H in the oppo- 
 site direction until they reach the boundary lines of the 
 ground, and said lines shall be clearly visible from any 
 part of the diamond and no wood or other hard sub- 
 stance shall be used in the construction of said lines. 
 
68 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 Bale 5. The Players' lanes. 
 
 With F as center and 50 foot radius, describe arcs 
 cutting lines F O and F M at P and Q ; then, with F 
 as center again and 75 feet radius, describe arcs cutting 
 F G and F H at R and S ; then, from the points P, Q, 
 R and S draw lines at right angles to the lines F O, 
 F M, F G and F H, and continue the same until they 
 intersect at the points T and W. 
 
 Rule 6. The Coacher's Lines. 
 
 With R and S as centers and 15 feet radius, describe 
 arcs cutting the lines R W and S T at X and Y, and 
 from the points X and Y draw lines parallel with the 
 lines F H and F G, and continue same out to the boun- 
 dary lines of the ground. 
 
 Bole 7. The Three-foot Line. 
 
 With F as a center and 45 feet radius, describe an arc 
 cutting the line F G at I, and from I to the distance of 
 three feet draw a line at right angles to F G, and 
 marked point 2 ; then from point 2, draw a line parallel 
 with the line F G to a point three feet beyond the point 
 G, marked 3 ; then from the point 3 draw a line at right 
 angles to line 2, 3, back to and intersecting with F G, 
 and from thence back along the line G F to point I. 
 
 Rule 8. The Batsman's Lines. 
 
 On either side of the line A F B describe two paral- 
 lelograms six feet long and four feet wide (marked 8 
 and 9), their longest side being parallel with the line 
 A F B, their distance apart being six inches added to 
 each end of the length of the diagonal of the square 
 within the angle F, and the center of their length being 
 on said diagonal. 
 
 Rule 9. The Pitcher's Plate. 
 
 SECTION I. With point F as center and 60.5 feet as 
 radius, describe an arc cutting the line F B at line 4, 
 and draw a line 5, 6, passing through point 4 and ex- 
 tending 12 inches on either side of line F B ; then with 
 line 5, 6, as a side, describe a parallelogram 24 inches 
 by 6 inches, in which shall be located the pitcher's plate. 
 
 SEC. 2. The pitcher's plate shall not be more than 15 
 inches higher than the base lines or the home plate, 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL - 69 
 
 which shall be level with the surface of the field, and 
 the slope from the pitcher's plate to every base line and 
 the home plate shall be gradual. 
 
 Rule 10. The Bases. 
 
 SECTION I. Within the angle F, describe a five-sided 
 figure, two of the sides of which shall coincide with the 
 lines F G and F H to the extent of 12 inches each, 
 thence parallel with the line F B 8^2, inches to the points 
 X and Y, a straight line between which, 17 inches, will 
 form the front of the home base or plate. 
 
 SEC. 2. Within the angles ^at G, I and H describe 
 squares, whose sides are 15 inches in length, two of 
 such sides of which squares shall lie along the lines F 
 G and G I, G I and I H, I H, and H F, which squares 
 shall be the location of the first, second and third bases 
 respectively. 
 
 Rule 11. 
 
 The Home Base at F and the Pitcher's Plate at 4 
 must each be of whitened rubber, and so fixed in the 
 ground as to be even with its surface. 
 
 Rule 12. 
 
 The First Base at G, the Second Base at E, and the 
 Third Base at H must each be a white canvas bag 
 filled with soft material and securely fastened in place 
 at the point specified in Rule 10. 
 Rule 13. 
 
 The lines described in Rules 3, 4 5, 6, 7 and S must 
 be marked with lime, chalk or other white material, 
 easily distinguishable from the ground or grass. 
 
 Rule 14. The Ball. 
 
 SECTION" i. The ball must weigh not less than five nor 
 more than five and one quarter ounces avoirdupois, and 
 measure not less than nine nor more than nine and one-quar- 
 ter inches in circumference. A league ball must be used in 
 all games played under these rules. 
 
70 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 SEC. 2. Two regulation balls of the make adopted by 
 the league of which the contesting clubs are members 
 shall be delivered by the home club to the umpire at or 
 before the hour for the commencement of a champion- 
 ship game. If the ball placed in play be batted or 
 thrown out of the grounds or into one of the stands for 
 spectators or, in the judgment of the umpire, becomes 
 unfit for play from any cause, the umpire shall at once 
 deliver the alternate ball to the pitcher and another legal 
 ball shall be supplied to him, so that he shall at all 
 times have in his control one or more alternate balls. 
 Provided, however, that all balls batted or thrown out 
 of the ground or into a stand for spectators until the 
 the field be given into the custody of the umpire imme- 
 diately and become alternate balls, and so long as he 
 has in his possession two or more alternate balls, he 
 shall not call for a new ball to replace one that has 
 gone out of play. The alternate balls 'shall become the 
 ball in play in the order in which they were delivered 
 to the umpire. 
 
 ( SEC. 3. Immediately upon the delivery to him of the 
 alternate ball by the umpire, the pitcher shall take his 
 position and on the call of "Play," by the umpire, it 
 shall become the ball in play. Provided, however, that 
 play shall not be resumed with the alternate ball when 
 a fair batted ball or a ball thrown by a fielder goes out 
 of the ground or into a stand for spectators until the 
 base-runners have/ completed the circuit of the bases 
 unless- compelled to stop at second or third base, in 
 compliance with a ground rule. 
 
 Discolored or Damaged Balls. 
 
 SEC. 4. In the event of a ball being intentionally 
 discolored by rubbing it with the soil or otherwise by 
 any player or otherwise damaged by 
 
 any player, the umpire shall forthwith demand the re- 
 turn of the ball and substitute for it another legal ball 
 as hereinbefore described; and impose a fine of five 
 dollars upon the offending player. 
 
 Home Club to Provide Balls. 
 
 SEC. 5. In every game the balls played with shall be 
 furnished by the home club, and the last in play shall 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 71 
 
 become the property of the winning cluh. Each ball 
 shall be enclosed in a paper box, which must be sealed 
 with the seal of the President of the League and bear 
 his certificate that he has examined, measured and 
 weighed the ball contained therein, and that it is of the 
 required standard in all respects. The seal shall not be 
 broken by the umpire except in the presence of the 
 captains of, the contesting teams after "Play" has been 
 called. 
 
 Reserve Balls on Field. 
 
 SEC. 6. The home club shall have at least a dozen 
 regulation balls on the field during each championship 
 game, ready for use on the call of the umpire. 
 
 Rule 15. The Bat. 
 
 The bat must be round, not over two and three- 
 fourths inches in diameter at the thickest part, nor 
 more than 42 inches in length and entirely of hardwood, 
 except that for a distance of 18 inches from the end 
 twine may be wound or a granulated substance applied 
 to the handle. e 
 
 Rule 16. Number of Players in a Game. 
 
 The players of each club actively engaged in a game 
 at one time shall be nine in number, one of whom shall 
 act as captain ; and in no case shall more or less than 
 nine men be allowed to play on a side in a game. 
 
 Rule 17. Positions of the Players. 
 
 The players of the team not at bat may be stationed 
 at any points of the field on fair ground their captain 
 may elect, regardless of their respective positions, ex- 
 cept that the pitcher, while in the act of delivering the 
 ball to the bat, must take his position as defined in 
 Rules 9 and 30; and the catcher must be within the 
 lines of his position a's defined in Rule 3 and within 10 
 feet of home base, whenever the pitcher delivers the 
 ball to the bat. 
 
 Rule 18. Must Not Mingle with Spectators. 
 
 Players in uniform shall not be permitted to occupy 
 seats in the stands, or to mingle with the spectators. 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 - 
 
 Rule 19. Uniforms of Players. 
 
 Every club shall adopt two uniforms for its players, 
 one to be worn in games at home and the other in 
 games abroad, and the suits of each of the uniforms of 
 a team shall conform in color and style. No player 
 who shall attach anything to the sole or heel of his 
 shoe other than the ordinary baseball shoe plate, or 
 who shall appear in a uniform not conforming to the 
 suits of the other members of his team, shall be per- 
 mitted to 
 
 Rule 20. Size and Weight of Gloves. 
 
 The catcher or first baseman may wear a glove or 
 mitt of any size, shape or weight. Every other player 
 is restricted to the" use of a glove or mitt weighing 
 not over 10 ounces and not over 14 inches around the 
 palm. 
 
 Rule 21. Players' Benches. 
 
 SECTION I. Players' benches must be furnished by 
 the home club and placed upon a portion of the ground 
 not less than twenty-five (25) feet outside of the play- 
 ers' lines. One such bench shall be for the exclusive 
 use of the visiting team and the other for the exclusive 
 use of the home team. Each bench must be covered 
 with a roof and closed at 'the back and each end ; a 
 space, however, not more than six (6) inches wide 
 may be left under the roof for ventilation. All players 
 and substitutes of the side at bat must be seated on 
 their team's bench, except the batsman, base-runners 
 and such as are legally assigned to coach base-runners. 
 Under no circumstances shall the umpire permit any 
 person except the players and substitutes in uniform 
 and the manager of the team to be seated on the bench. 
 
 Penalty for Violation. 
 
 SEC. 2. Whenever the umpire observes a violation of 
 the preceding section he shall immediately order such 
 player or players as have disregarded it to be seated. 
 If the order be not obeyed within one minute, the of- 
 fending players shall 'be fined $5 each by the umpire. 
 If the order be not obeyed then within one minute, the 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 73 
 
 offending player or players shall be barred from further 
 participation in the game and shall be obliged forthwith 
 to leave the playing field. 
 
 Rule 22. A Regulation Game. 
 
 Every championship game must be commenced not 
 later than two hours before sunset and shall continue 
 until each team has had nine innings, provided, how- 
 ever, that the game shall terminate : 
 
 (1) If the side at bat scores less runs in nine 
 innings than the other side has scored in eight innings. 
 
 (2) If the side last at bat in the ninth inning scores 
 the winning run before the third man is out. 
 
 SEC. 3. If the game be called by the umpire on ac- 
 count of darkness, rain, fire, panic or for other cause 
 which puts patrons or players in peril. 
 
 Rule 23. Extra-Inning Game. 
 
 If the 'score be a tie at the end of the nine (9) innings 
 for each team, play shall be continued until one side 
 has scored more runs than the other in an equal m 
 ber of innings, provided, that if the side last ap v ^a 
 score the winning run before the third man Is out in 
 any inning after the ninth, the game shall terminate. 
 
 Rule 24. Drawn Games. 
 
 A drawn game shall be declared by the umpire if the 
 score is equal on the last even inning played, when he 
 terminates play, in accordance with Rule 22, Section 3, 
 after five or more equal innings have been played by 
 each team. But if the side that went second to bat is at 
 the bat when the game is terminated, and has scored 
 the same number of runs as the other side, the umpire 
 shall declare the game drawn without regard to the 
 score of the last equal inning. 
 
 Rule 25. Called Games. 
 
 If the umpire calls a game in accordance with Rule 
 22, Section 3, at any time after five innings have been 
 completed, the score shall be that of the last equal in- 
 nings played, except that if the side second at bat shall 
 have scored in an unequal number of innings, or before 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 the completion of the unfinished inning, at least one 
 run more than the side first at bat, the score of the 
 game shall be the total number of runs each team has 
 made. 
 
 Rule 26. Forfeited Games. 
 
 A forfeited game shall" be declared by the umpire in 
 favor of the club not in fault in the following cases : 
 
 SECTION I. If the team of a club fail to appear upon 
 the field, or being upon the field, refuse to begin a game 
 for which it is scheduled or assigned, within five min- 
 utes after the umpire has called "Play" at the hour for 
 the beginning of the game, unless such delay in appear- 
 ing, or in commencing the game, be unavoidable. 
 
 SEC. 2. If, after the game has begun, one side refuse 
 to continue to play, unless the game has been suspended 
 or terminated by the umpire. 
 
 SEC. 3. If, after play has been suspended by the 
 umpire, one side fails to resume playing in one minute 
 after the umpire has called "Play." 
 
 {' hid' ^ a man ern Pl v ' tactics palpably designed to 
 deiit^ < .4,j_ game. 
 
 SEC. 5. If, after warning by the umpire, any one of 
 the rules of the game be wilfully and persistently vio- 
 lated. 
 
 SEC. 6. If the order for the removal of a player, as 
 authorized by Rules 21, 58 and 64, be not obeyed within 
 one minute. 
 
 SEC. 7. If, because of the removal of players from 
 the game by the umpire, or for any cause, there be less 
 than nine players on either team. 
 
 SEC. 8. If, after the game has been suspended on ac- 
 count of rain, the orders of the umpire be not complied 
 with as required by Rule 29. 
 
 SEC. 9. If, when two games are scheduled to be 
 played in one afternoon, the "second game be not com- 
 menced within ten minutes of the time of the comple- 
 tion of the first game. The umpire of the first game 
 shall be the timekeeper. 
 
 SEC. 10. In case the umpire declare the game for- 
 feited, he shall transmit a written report thereof to the 
 president of the League within twenty-four hours there- 
 after. However, a failure on the part of the umpire 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 to so notify the president shall not affect the' validity 
 of his award of the game by forfeiture. 
 
 Rule 27. No Game. 
 
 "No game" shall be declared by the umpire if he ter- 
 minates play in accordance with Rule 22, Section 3, 
 before five innings are completed by each team. Pro- 
 vided, however, that if the club second at bat shall have 
 made more runs at the end of its fourth inning than 
 the club first at bat has made in five completed in- 
 nings of a game so terminated, the umpire shall award 
 the game to the club having made the greater number 
 of runs, and it shall count as a legal game in the 
 championship record. 
 
 Rule 28. Substitutes. 
 
 SECTION i. Each side shall be required to have pres- 
 ent on the field during a championship game a suffi- 
 cient number of substitute players in uniform, conform- 
 ing to the suits worn by their team-mates, to carry out 
 the provisions of this code which requires that not less 
 than nine players shall occupy the field in any inning 
 of the game. 
 
 SEC. 2. Any such substitute may at any stage of the 
 game take the place of a player, whose names is in his 
 team's batting order, but the player whom he succeeds 
 shall not thereafter participate in that game. 
 
 SEC. 3. A base-runner shall not have another player 
 whose name appears in the batting order of his team run 
 for him except by the consent of the captain of the 
 other team. 
 
 SEC. 4. Whenever one player is substituted for an- 
 other, whether as batsman, base-runner or fielder, the 
 captain of the side making the change must immediately 
 notify the umpire, who in turn must announce the 
 same to the spectators. A fine of $5 shall be assessed 
 by the umpire against the captain for each violation of 
 this rule, and the President of the League shall impose 
 a similar fine against the umpire who, after having 
 been notified of a change, fails to make proper an- 
 nouncement. Play shall be suspended while announce- 
 ment is being made, and the player substituted shall 
 become actively engaged in the game immediately upon 
 his captain's notice of the change to the umpire. 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 Rule 29. Choice of Innings Fitness of Field for Play. 
 
 The choice of innings shall be given to the captain 
 of the home club, who shall be the sole judge of the 
 fitness of the ground for beginning a game after a rain; 
 but, after play has been called by the umpire, he alone 
 shall be the judge as to the fitness of the ground for 
 resuming play after the game has been suspended on 
 account of rain. 
 
 THE PITCHING RULES. 
 
 Rule 30. Delivery of the Ball to the Bat. 
 
 Preliminary to pitching, the pitcher shall take his 
 position facing the batsman with 'both feet squarely on 
 the ground and in front of the pitcher's plate ; and in 
 the act of delivering the ball to the bat he must keep 
 one foot in contact with the pitcher's plate defined in 
 Rule 9. He shall not raise either foot until in the act 
 of delivering the ball to the bat, nor make more than 
 one step in such delivery. 
 
 Rule 31. A Fairly Delivered Ball. 
 
 A fairly delivered ball is a ball pitched or thrown to 
 the bat by the pitcher while standing in his position and 
 facing the batsman ; that passes over any portion of the 
 home base before touching the ground, not lower than 
 the batsman's knee, nor higher than his shoulder. For 
 every such fairly delivered ball the umpire shall call 
 one strike. 
 
 Rule 32. An Unfairly Delivered Ball. 
 
 An unfairly delivered ball is a ball delivered to the 
 bat by the pitcher while standing in his position and 
 facing the batsman, that does not pass over any portion 
 of the home base between the batsman's 'shoulder and 
 knee, or that touches the ground before passing home 
 base unless struck at by the batsman, or, with the bases 
 occupied any ball delivered by the pitcher while either 
 foot is not in contact with the pitcher's plate. For 
 every unfairly delivered ball the umpire 'shall call one 
 ball. A ball that hits the ground in front of the plate 
 is not a strike under any circumstances. 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 77 
 
 (NOTE. If, with any of the bases occupied, the pitcher 
 delivers the ball while either foot is not in contact with 
 the pitcher's plate, as required by Rule 30, the "Balk" 
 rule applies.) 
 
 Rule 33. Delaying the Game. 
 
 SECTION I. If, after the batsman be standing in his 
 proper position ready to strike at a pitched ball, the ball 
 be thrown by the pitcher to any player other than the 
 catcher when in the catch's lines and within 10 feet of 
 the home base (except in an attempt to retire a base- 
 runner), each ball so thrown shall be called a ball. 
 
 SEC. 2. The umpire shall call a ball on the pitcher 
 each time he delays the game by failing to deliver the 
 ball to the batsman for a longer period than 20 seconds, 
 excepting that at the commencement of each inning, 
 or when a pitcher relieves another, he may occupy one 
 minute in delivering not to exceed five balls to catcher 
 or infielder, during which time play shall be suspended. 
 
 SEC. 3. In event of the pitcher being taken from the 
 game by either manager or captain the player 'substi- 
 tuted for him shall continue to pitch until the batsman 
 then at bat has either been put out or has reached first 
 base. 
 
 Rule 34. Balking. 
 
 A balk shall be : 
 
 SECTION i. Any motion made by the pitcher while 
 in position to deliver the ball to the bat without deliver- 
 ing it, or to throw to first base when occupied by a base- 
 runner, without completing the throw. 
 
 SEC. 2. Throwing the ball by the pitcher to any base 
 to catch the base-runner without stepping directly to- 
 ward such base, in the act of making 'such throw. 
 
 SEC. 3. Any delivery of the ball to the bat by the 
 pitcher while either foot is back of the pitcher's plate. 
 
 SEC. 4. Any delivery of the ball to the bat by the 
 pitcher, while he is not facing the batsman. 
 
 SEC. 5. Any motion in delivering the ball to the bat 
 by pitcher while not in position defined by Rule 30. 
 
 SEC. 6. Holding of the ball by the pitcher, so long 
 as, in the opinion of the umpire, to unnecessarily delay 
 the game. 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 SKC. /. Making any motion to pitch while standing 
 in his position without having the hall in his possession. 
 
 SEC. 8. Making any motion of the arm, shoulder, hip 
 or body the pitcher habitually makes in his method of 
 delivery, without immediately delivering the ball to 
 the bat. 
 
 SEC. 9. Delivery of the ball to the bat when the 
 catcher is standing outside the lines of the catcher's 
 position as defined in Rule 3. 
 
 If the pitcher shall fail to comply with the require- 
 ments of any 'section of this rule, the umpire shall call 
 a "balk." 
 
 Rule 35. Dead Ball. 
 
 A dead ball is a ball delivered to the bat by the 
 pitcher, not struck at by the batsman, that touches any 
 part of the batsman's person or clothing while he is 
 standing in his position. 
 Rule 36. Ball Not in Play. 
 
 In case of an illegally batted ball, a balk foul strike, 
 foul, hit ball not legally caught, interference with the 
 fielder or batsman, dead ball, or a fair hit ball, striking 
 a ba'se-runner or umpire before touching a fielder, 
 touching a base-runner, the ball shall not be considered 
 in play until it be held by the pitcher standing in his 
 position, and the umpire shall have called "Play." 
 
 Rule 37. Block Balls. 
 
 SECTION i. A block is a batted or thrown ball that is 
 touched, stopped or handled by a person not engaged in 
 the game. 
 
 SEC. 2. Whenever a block occurs the umpire shall 
 declare it, and base-runners may run the bases without 
 liability to be put out until the ball has been returned to 
 and held by the pitcher in his position. 
 
 SEC. 3. If the person not engaged in the game should 
 retain possession of a blocked ball, or throw or kick it 
 beyond the reach of the fielders, the umpire shall call 
 "Time" and require each base-runner to stop at the base 
 last touched by him until the ball be returned to the 
 pitcher in his position and the umpire shall have called 
 "Play." 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 THE BATTING RULES. 
 
 Rule 38. The Batsman's Position. 
 
 Each player of the side at bat shall become the bats- 
 man and must take his position within the batsman's 
 lines (as defined in Rule 18) in the order that his 
 name appears in his team's batting list. 
 
 Rule 39. The Order of Batting;. 
 
 The batting order of each team must be on the score 
 card and must be delivered before the game by its 
 captain to the umpire at the home plate, who shall 
 submit it to the inspection of the captain of the other 
 side. The batting order delivered to the umpire must 
 be followed throughout the game, unless a player be 
 substituted for another, in which case the substitute 
 must take the place in the batting order of. the retired 
 player. 
 
 SEC. 2. When the umpire announces the pitcher prior 
 to commencement of the game, the player announced 
 must pitch until the first batsman has either been put 
 out or has reached first base. 
 
 Rule 40. The First Batsman in an Inning;. 
 
 After the first inning the first striker in each inning 
 shall be the batsman whose name follows that of the 
 last man who completed his "time at bat" in the pre- 
 ceding inning. 
 
 Rule 41. Players Belong on Bench. 
 
 When a side goes to the bat its players must imme- 
 diately seat themselves on the bench assigned to them 
 as defined in Rule 21, and remain there until their side 
 is put out, except when called to the bat or to act as 
 coachers or substitute base-runners. 
 
 Rule 42. Reserved for Umpire, Catcher and Batsman. 
 
 No player of the side "at bat," except the batsman, 
 shall occupy any portion of the space within the 
 catcher's lines as defined in Rule 3. The triangular 
 space back of the home base is reserved for the ex- 
 clusive use of the umpire, catcher and batsman, and the 
 umpire must prohibit any player of the side "at bat" 
 from cro'ssing the same at any time while the ball is in 
 
So SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 the hands of the pitcher or catcher or passing between 
 them while standing in their positions. 
 Rule 43. Fielder Has Right of Way. 
 
 The players of the side at bat must speedily abandon 
 their bench and hasten to another part of the field when 
 by remaining upon or near it they or any of them would 
 interfere with a fielder in an attempt to catch or handle 
 a thrown or a batted ball. 
 
 Rule 44. A Fair Hit. 
 
 A fair hit is a legally batted ball that settles on fair 
 ground between home and first base or between home 
 and third base or that is on fair ground when bounding 
 to the outfield past first or third base, or that first falls 
 on fair territory beyond first or third base or that 
 touches the person of the umpire or a player while on 
 or over fair ground. 
 
 .Rule 45. A Foul Hit. 
 
 "V A foul hit is a legally batted ball that settles on foul 
 territory between home and first 'base or home and 
 third base, or that bounds past first or third base on 
 foul territory or that falls on foul territory beyond first 
 or third base or while on or over foul ground touches 
 the person of the umpire or a player. 
 
 Rule 46. A Foul Tip. 
 
 A foul tip is a ball batted by the batsman while 
 standing within the lines of his position, that goes sharp 
 and direct from the bat to the catcher's hands and is 
 legally caught. 
 
 Rule 47. A Bunt Hit. 
 
 A. bunt hit is a legally batted ball not swung at but 
 met with the bat and tapped slowly within the infield 
 by the batsman. If the attempted bunt results in a foul 
 not legally caught a strike shall be called by the umpire. 
 
 Rule 48. Balls Batted Outside the Ground. 
 
 SECTION i. When a batted ball passes outside the 
 ground or into a stand the umpire shall decide it fair 
 or foul according to whether the point at which it 
 leaves the playing field is on fair or foul territory. 
 
 SEC. 2. A fair batted ball that goes over the fence or 
 into a stand shall entitle the batsman to a home run 
 
SCIENCE Or BASEBALL 81 
 
 unless it should pass out of the ground or into a stand 
 at a less distance than two hundred and thirty-five 
 (235) feet from the home base, in which case the bats- 
 man shall be entitled to two bases only. The point at 
 which a fence or stand is less than 235 feet from the 
 home base shall be plainly indicated by a white or black 
 sign or mark for the umpire's guidance. 
 
 Rule 49. Strikes. 
 
 A strike is : 
 
 SECTION i. A pitched ball struck at by the batsman 
 without its touching his bat; or, 
 
 SEC. 2. A fair ball legally delivered by the pitcher 
 at which the batsman dees not strike. 
 
 SEC. 3. A foul hit ball not caught on the fly unless 
 the batsman has two strikes. 
 
 SEC. 4. An attempt to bunt which results in a fotjl 
 legally caught. 
 
 SEC. 5. A pitched ball, at which the batsman strikes 
 but misses and which touches any part of his person. 
 
 SEC. 6. A foul tip, held by the catcher, while stand- 
 ing within the lines of his position. 
 
 Rule 50. Foul Strike. 
 
 An illegally batted ball is a ball batted by the bats- 
 rrrn when either or both of his feet is uppn the ground 
 outside the lines of the batsman's position. 
 
 Rule 51. "When Batsman Is Out. 
 
 The batsman is out : 
 
 SECTION i. If he fails to take his position at the bat 
 in the order in which his name appears on the batting 
 list unless the error be discovered and the proper bats- 
 man replace him before he becomes a base-runner, in 
 which case the balls and strikes called must be counted 
 in the time "at bat" of the proper batsman. But only 
 the proper batsman shall be declared out, and no runs 
 shall be scored or bases run because of any act of the 
 improper batsman. Provided, this rule shall not be en- 
 forced unless the out be declared before the ball be de- 
 livered to the succeeding batsman. Should the bats- 
 man declared out under this section be the third hand 
 out. and his 'side be thereby put out, the proper bats- 
 man in the next inning shall be the player who would 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 have come to bat had the players been put out by ordi- 
 nary play in the preceding inning. 
 
 SEC. 2. If he fail to take his position within one 
 minute after the umpire has called for the batsman. 
 
 SEC. 3. If he make a foul hit other than a foul tip, 
 as defned in Rule 46, and the ball be momentarily held 
 by a fielder before touching the ground ; provided, it 
 be not caught in a fielder's cap, protector, pocket or 
 other part of his uniform, or strike some object other 
 than a fielder before being caught. 
 
 SEC. 4. If he bat the ball illegally, as defined in 
 Rule 50. 
 
 SEC. 5. If he attempt to hinder the catcher from 
 fielding or throwing the ball by -stepping outside the 
 lines of the batsman's position, or in any way obstruct- 
 ing or interfering with that player. 
 
 ^SEC. 6. If, while first base be occupied by a base-run- 
 ner, the third strike be called on him by the umpire, 
 unless two men are already out. 
 
 \ SEC. 7. If, while attempting a third strike, the ball 
 uouch any part of the batsman's person, in which case 
 Wse-runners occupying bases shall not advance, as pre- 
 scribed in Rule 55, Section 5. 
 
 SEC. 8. If, before two hands are out, while first and 
 second, or first, second and third bases are occupied, he 
 hit a fly ball, other than a line drive, that can be handled 
 by an infielder. In such case the umpire shall, as soon 
 as the ball be hit, declare it an infield or outfield hit. 
 
 SEC. 9. If the third strike be called in accordance 
 with Rule 49, Section 5. 
 
 Batsman Must Obey Call. 
 
 SEC. 10. The moment a batsman's term at bat ends, 
 the umpire shall call for the batsman next in order to 
 leave his seat on the bench and take his position at the 
 bat, and no player of the batting side shall leave his 
 seat on the bench until so called, except to become a 
 coacher or substitute, base runner, to take the place 
 of a player on his team's batting list to comply with 
 the umpire's order. The batsman shall be declared out 
 if he steps from one batsman's box to the other while 
 the pitcher is in his position and ready to pitch. 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 BASE-RUNNING RULES. 
 
 Rule 52. Legal Order of Bases. 
 
 The Base Runner must touch each base in legal order, 
 viz., First, Second, Third and Home Bases ; and when 
 obliged to return while the ball is in play, must retouch 
 the base or bases in reverse order. He can only acquire 
 the right to a 'base by touching it, before having been 
 put out, and shall then be entitled to hold such base 
 until he has legally touched the next base in order, or 
 has been legally forced to vacate it for a succeeding 
 base runner. However, no base runner shall score a 
 run to count in the game ahead of the base runner pre- 
 ceding him in the batting order, if there be such pre- 
 ceding base runner who has not been put out in that 
 inning. 
 
 Rule 53. When the Batsman Becomes a Base Runner. 
 
 The batsman becomes a base runner : 
 
 SECTION I. Instantly after he makes a fair hit. 
 
 SEC. 2. Instantly after "Four Balls" have been called 
 by the umpire. 
 
 SEC. 3. Instantly after "Three iStrikes" have bee'n de- 
 clared by the umpire. 
 
 SEC. 4. If, without making any attempt to strike at 
 the ball, his person or clothing be hit by a pitched ball 
 unless, in the opinion of the umpire, he plainly makes 
 no effort to get out of the way of the pitched ball. 
 
 SEC. 5. If the catcher interfere with him in or pre- 
 vent him from striking at a pitched ball. 
 
 Rule 54. Entitled to Bases. 
 
 The base runner shall ( be entitled, without liability 
 to be put out, to advance a base in the following cases: 
 
 SECTION i. If, while the batsman, he becomes a base 
 runner by reason of "four balls" or for being hit by a 
 pitched ball, or for being interfered with by the catcher 
 in striking at a pitched ball, or if a fair ball strikes the 
 person or clothing of the umpire or a base runner or a 
 fair grounder. 
 
 SEC. 2. If the umpire awards to a succeeding batsman 
 a base on four balls, or for being hit by a pitched ball, 
 
SCIENCE Of BASEBALL 
 
 or being interfered with by the catcher in striking at 
 a pitched ball and the ba*se runner be thereby forced to 
 vacate the base held by him. 
 
 SEC. 3. If the umpire call a "Balk." 
 
 SEC. 4. If a ball delivered by the pitcher pass the 
 catcher and touch any fence or building within ninety 
 (90) feet of the home base. 
 
 SEC. 5. If he be prevented from making a base by 
 the obstruction of a fielder, unless the latter have the 
 ball, in hand ready to touch the base runner. 
 
 SEC. 6. If the fielder stop or catch a batted ball with 
 his cap, glove or any part of his uniform, while detached 
 from its proper place on his person. 
 
 SEC. 7. If a thrown or pitched ball strike the person 
 or clothing of any umpire on foul ground, the ball shall 
 be considered in play and the base runner or runners 
 shall be entitled to all the bases they can make. 
 
 Rule 55. Returning to Bases. 
 
 The base runner shall return to his base without lia- 
 bility to be put out : 
 
 SECTION I. If the umpire declare any foul not legally 
 caught. 
 
 SEC. 2. If -the umpire declares an illegally batted ball. 
 
 SEC. 3. If the umpire declares a dead ball, unless it be 
 also the fourth unfair ball, and he be thereby forced to 
 take the next base, as provided in Rule 54, Section 2. 
 
 SEC. 4. If the person or clothing of the umpire inter- 
 fere with the catcher in an attempt to throw or the um- 
 pire be struck by a ball thrown by the catcher or other 
 fielder to intercept a base runner. 
 
 SEC. 5. If a pitched ball at which the batsman strikes, 
 but misses, touch any part of the batsman's person. 
 
 SEC. 6. If the umpire be struck by a fair hit ball be- 
 fore touching a fielder; in which case no base shall be 
 run unless necessitated by the batsman becoming a base 
 runner, and no run shall be scored unless all the bases 
 are occupied. 
 
 SEC. 7. If the umpire declare the batsman or another 
 base runner out for interference. 
 
 Rule 56. When Base Runners Are Out. 
 
 The base runner is out : 
 
 SECTION i. If, after three strikes have been declared 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 85 
 
 against him while the hatsmaii, the third strike ball be 
 not legally caught, and he plainly attempts to hinder the 
 catcher from fielding the ball. 
 
 SEC. 2. If, after having made a fair hit while batsman, 
 
 such fair hit ball be momentarily held by a fielder be- 
 
 . fore touching the ground or any object other than a 
 
 fielder; provided, it be not caught in a fielder's hat, cap, 
 
 protector, pocket or other part of his uniform. 
 
 SEC. 3. If, when the umpire has declarecf "Three 
 Strikes" on him while the batsman, the third strike ball 
 be momentarily held by a fielder before touching the 
 ground ; provided, it be not caught in a fielder's cap, 
 protector, pocket or other part of his uniform, or touch 
 some object other than a fielder before being caught. 
 
 SEC. 4. If, after three strikes or a fair hit, he be 
 touched with the ball in the hand of a fielder before he 
 shall have touched first base. 
 
 SEC. 5. If, after three strikes or a fair hit, the ball be 
 securely held by a fielder while touching first base with 
 any part of his person before such base runner touch 
 first base. 
 
 SEC. 6. If, in running the last half of the distance 
 from home base to first base, while the ball is being 
 fielded to first base, he run outside the three-foot lines, 
 as defined in Rule 7, unless he do so to avoid a fielder 
 attempting to field a batted ball. 
 
 SEC. 7. If, in running from first to second 'base, from 
 second to third base, or from third to home base, he run 
 more than three feet from a direct line between a base 
 and the next one in regular or reverse order to avoid 
 being touched by a ball in the hands of a fielder. But in 
 case a fielder be occupying a base runner's proper path 
 in attempting to field a batted ball, then the base runner 
 shall run out of direct line to the next base and behind 
 said fielder and shall not be declared out for so doing.. 
 
 SEC. 8. If he fail to avoid a fielder attempting to 
 field a batted ball, in the manner described in sections 6 
 and 7 of this rule, or in any V^ay obstruct a fielder in 
 attempting to field a batted ball, or intentionally inter- 
 fere with a thrown ball ; provided, that if two or more 
 fielders attempt to field a batted ball, and the base run- 
 ner come in contact with one or more of them, the um- 
 pire shall determine which fielder is entitled to the bene- 
 fit of this rule, and shall not decide the base runner out 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 for coming in contact with a fielder other than the one 
 the umpire determines to be entitled to field such batted 
 ball. 
 
 SEC. 9. If at any time while the ball is in play, he be 
 touched by the ball in the hands of a fielder, unless some 
 part of his person be touching the base he is entitled to 
 occupy; provided, however, that the ball be held by the 
 fielder after touching him, unless the base runner delib- 
 erately knock it out of his hand. 
 
 SEC. 10. If, when a fair or foul hit ball (other than a 
 foul tip as defined in Rule 46) be legally caught by a 
 fielder, such ball be legally held by a fielder on the base 
 occupied -by the base runner when such ball was batted, 
 or the base runner be touched with the ball in the hands 
 of a fielder, before he retouch such base after such fair 
 or foul hit ball was so caught; provided, that the base 
 runner shall not be out in such case, if after the ball 
 was legally caught as above, it be delivered to the bat 
 by pitcher before the fielder hold it on said base, or 
 touch base runner out with it; but if base runner, in a- 
 tempting to reach a base, detach it from its fastening 
 before being touched or forced out, he shall be declared 
 safe,. 
 
 SEC. ii. If, when the batsman becomes a base runner, 
 the first base, or the first and second bases, or the first, 
 second and third bases be occupied, any base runner so 
 occupying a base shall cease to be entitled to hold it, 
 and may be put out at the next 'base in the same manner 
 as in running to first base, or by being touched with the 
 ball in the hands of a fielder at any time before any base 
 runner following him in the batting order be put out, 
 unless the umpire should decide the hit of the batsman 
 to be an infield fly. 
 
 SEC. 12. If a fair hit ball strike him before touching 
 a fielder, and, in such case, no base shall be run unless 
 necessitated -by the batsman becoming a base runner, 
 but no run shall be 'scored or any other base runner 
 put out until the umpire puts the balj back into play. 
 
 SEC. 13. If, when advancing bases, or forced to re- 
 turn to a base, while the ball is in play, he fail to touch 
 the intervening base or bases, if any, in the regular or 
 reverse order, as the case may be, he may be put put by 
 the ball being held by a fielder on any base he failed to 
 touch, or by being touched by the ball in the hands of v 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 fielder in the same manner as in running to first base; 
 provided, that the base runner shall not be out in such 
 case if the ball be delivered to the bat by the pitcher be- 
 fore the fielder hold it on said base or touch the base 
 runner with it. 
 
 SEC. 14. If, when the umpire call "Play," after the 
 suspension of a game, he fail to return to and touch the 
 base he occupied when "Time" was called before touch- 
 ing the next base ; provided, the base runner shall not be 
 out, in 'such case, if the ball be delivered to the bat by 
 the pitcher, before the fielder hold it on said base or 
 touch the base runner with it. 
 
 SEC. 15. If with one or no one out and a base runner 
 on third base, the batsman interferes with a play being 
 made at home plate. 
 
 SEC. 16. If he pass a preceding base runner before 
 such runner has been legally put out he shall be de- 
 clared out immediately upon passing the preceding base 
 
 Overrunning First Base. 
 
 SEC. 17. The base runner in running to first base may 
 overrun said base after touching it in passing without 
 incurring liability to be out for being off said base, 
 provided he return at once and retouch the base, after 
 which he may be put out as at any other base. If, after 
 overrunning first base, he turn in the direction of or at- 
 tempt to run to second base, before returning to first 
 base, he shall forfeit such exemption from liability to 
 be put out. 
 
 SEC. 18. If, while third base is occupied, the cpacher 
 stationed near that base shall run in the direction of 
 home base or near the base line while a fielder is mak- 
 ing or trying to make a play on a batted ball not caught 
 on the fly, or on a thrown ball, and thereby draws a 
 throw to home base, the base runner entitled to third 
 base 'shall be declared out by the umpire for the 
 coacher's interference with and prevention of the legiti- 
 mate play. If one base runner passes another on the 
 paths, the runner so passing shall be declared out. 
 
 SEC. 19. If one or more members of the team at bat 
 stand or collect at or around a base for which a base 
 runner is trying, thereby confusing the fielding side and 
 adding to the difficuUv' of making such play, the base 
 
SCIENCE OP BASEBALL 
 
 runner shall be declared out for the interference of his 
 team-mate or team-mates. 
 
 SEC. 20. If with one or none out and a runner on 
 third -ba'se, the batsman interferes with the catcher, 
 the base runner shall be declared out. 
 
 Rule 57. When Umpire Shall Declare an Out. 
 
 The umpire shall declare the batsman or base run- 
 ner out, without waiting for an appeal for such decision, 
 in all cases where such player be put out in accordance 
 with any of these rules, except Sections 13 and 17 of 
 Rule 56. 
 
 Rule 58. Coaching Rules. 
 
 The coacher shall be restricted to coaching the base 
 runner, and then only in words of assistance and direc- 
 tion in running bases. He 'shall not, by words or signs, 
 incite or try to incite the spectators to demonstrations, 
 and shall not use language which will in any manner 
 refer to or reflect upon a player of the opposite club, 
 the umpire or the spectators. Not more than two coach- 
 ers, who must be players in the uniform of the team at 
 bat, shall be allowed to occupy the space between the 
 players' and the coachers' lines, one near first and the 
 other near third base, to coach base-runners. If there 
 be more than the legal number of coachers or this rule 
 be violated in any respect, the umpire must order the 
 illegal coacher or coachers to the bench, and if his order 
 be not obeyed within one minute, the umpire shall assess 
 a fine of $5.00 against each offending player, and upon 
 a repetition of the offense, the offending player or 
 players shall be debarred from further participation in 
 the game, and shall leave the playing field forthwith. 
 
 Rule 5J>. The Scoring of Runs. 
 
 One run shall be 'scored every time a base-runner, 
 after having legally touched the first three bases, shall 
 legally touch the home base before three men are put 
 out; provided, however, that if he reach home on or 
 during a play in which the third man -be forced out or 
 be put out before reaching first base, a run shall not 
 count. A force-out can be made only when a base-run- 
 ner legally loses the right to the base he occupied by 
 reason of the batsman becoming a base-runner and he is 
 thereby obliged to advance a, the result of a fair hit 
 ball not caught on the fly. 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 UMPIRES AND THEIR DUTIES. 
 
 Rule 60. Power to Enforce Decisions. 
 
 The umpire is the representative of the League and 
 as such is authorized and required to enforce each sec- 
 tion of this code. He shall have the power to order a 
 player, captain or manager to do or omit to do any act 
 which in his judgment is necessary to give force and 
 effect to one or all of these rules and to inflict penalties 
 for violations of the rules as hereinafter prescribed. In 
 order to define their respective duties, the umpire judg- 
 ing balls and strikes shall be designated as the "Umpire- 
 in-Chief"; the umpire judging base decisions as the 
 "Field Umpire." 
 
 Rule 61. The TImpire-in-Chief. 
 
 SECTION 1. The Umpire-in-Chief shall take position 
 back of the catcher; he shall have full charge of and 
 be responsible for the proper conduct of the game. 
 With exception of the base decisions to be made by the 
 Field Umpire, the Umpire-in-Chief shall render all the 
 decisions that ordinarily would devolve upon a single 
 umpire, and which are prescribed -for "the umpire" in 
 these Playing Rules. 
 
 SEC. 2. He shall call and count as a "ball" any unfair 
 ball delivered by the pitcher to the batsman. He shall 
 also call and count as a "strike" any fairly delivered 
 ball which passes over any portion of the home base, 
 and within the batsman's legal range as defined in Rule 
 31 whether struck at or not by the batsman; or a foul 
 tip which is caught by the catcher "standing within the 
 lines of his position, within 10 feet of the home base ; 
 or which, after being struck at and not hit, strikes the 
 person of the batsman ; or when the ball be bunted 
 foul by the batsman ; or any foul hit ball not caught on 
 the fly unless the batsman has two strike's, provided, 
 however, that a pitched ball shall not be called or count- 
 ed a "'ball" or "strike" by the umpire until it has passed 
 the home plate. 
 
 SEC. 3. He shall render base decisions in the follow- 
 ing instances: (i) If the ball is hit fair with a runner 
 on first, he must go to third base to take a possible 
 decision; (2) with more than one base occupied, he 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 shall decide whether or not a runner on third leaves 
 that base before a fly ball is caught; (3) in case of a 
 runner being caught between third and home, when 
 more than one base is occupied, he shall make the de- 
 cision on the runner nearest the home plate. 
 
 SEC. 4 The Umpire-in-Chief alone shall have author- 
 ity to declare a game forfeited. 
 
 Rule 62. The Field Umpire. 
 
 SECTION 1. The Field Umpire shall take such posi- 
 tions on the playing field as in his judgment are best 
 suited for the rendering of base decisions. He shall 
 render all decisions at first base and second base, and 
 all decisions at third -base except those to be made by 
 the Umpire-in-Chief in accordance with Cection 3, 
 
 SEC. 2. He shall aid the Umpirein-Chief in every 
 manner in enforcing the rules of the game and, with 
 the exception of declaring a forfeiture, shall have equal 
 authority with the Umpire-in-Chief in fining or re- 
 moving from the game players who violate these rules. 
 
 Rule 63. No Appeal from Decisions Based on Urn* 
 pire's Judgment. 
 
 There shall be no appeal from any decision of either 
 umpire on the ground that he was not correct in his 
 conclusion as to whether a batted ball was fair or foul, 
 a base-runner safe or out, a pitched ball a strike or ball, 
 or on any other play involving accuracy of judgment, 
 and no decision rendered by him 'shall be reversed, ex- 
 cept that he be convinced that it is in violation of one 
 of these rules. The captain shall alone have the right 
 to protest against a decision and seek its reversal on a 
 claim that it is in conflict with a section of these rules. 
 In case the captain does seek a reversal of a decision 
 based solely on a point of rules, the umpire making the 
 decision shall, if he is in doubt, ask his associate for 
 information before acting on the captain's appeal. Under 
 no circumstances shall either umpire criticise or inter- 
 fere with a decision unless asked to do so by his asso- 
 ciate. 
 
 Rule 64. Duties of Single Umpire. 
 
 If but one umpire be assigned, his duties and juris- 
 diction shall extend to all points, and he shall be per- 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 mitted to take his stand in any part of the field that in 
 his opinion will best enable him to discharge his duties. 
 
 Rule 65. Must Not Question Decisions. 
 
 Under no circumstances shall a captain or player dis- 
 pute the accuracy of the umpire's judgment and decision 
 on a play. 
 
 Rule 66. Clubs Cannot Change Umpires. 
 
 .The umpire cannot be changed during a champion- 
 ship game by the consent of the contesting clubs unless 
 the official in charge of the field be incapacitated from 
 service by injury or illness. 
 
 Rule 67. Penalties for Violation of the Rules. 
 
 SECTION i. In all cases of violation of these rules, by 
 either player or manager, the penalty shall be prompt 
 removal of the offender from the game and grounds, 
 followed by a period of such suspension from actual 
 service in the club as the President of the League may 
 fix. In the event of removal of player or manager by 
 either umpire, he shall go direct to the club house and 
 remain there during progress of the game, or leave 
 the grounds ; and a failure to do so will warrant a 
 forfeiture of the game by the umpire-in-chief. 
 
 SEC. 2. The umpire shall assess a fine of $5 against 
 each offending player in the following cases: (i) If 
 the player intentionally discolor or damage the ball; 
 (2) if the player fail to be seated on his bench within 
 one minute after ordered to do so by the umpire; (3) 
 if the player violate the coaching rules and refuse to be 
 seated on his bench within one minute after ordered to 
 dp so by the umpire: (4) if the captain fail to notify 
 him when one player is substituted for another. 
 
 SEC. 3. In cases where substitute players show their 
 disapproval of decisions by yelling from the bench, the 
 umpire shall first give warning. If the yelling continues 
 be shall fine each offender $10.00, and if the disturbance 
 is still persisted in he shall clear the bench of all sub- 
 stitute players; the captain of the team, however, to 
 have the privilege of 'sending to the club house such 
 substitutes as are actually needed to replace players in 
 the game. 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 Rule 68. Umpire to Report Violations of the Rules. 
 
 The umpire shall, within twelve hours after fining or 
 removing a player from the game, forward to the 
 therefor. 
 
 Rule 69. 
 
 Immediately upon being informed by the umpire that 
 a fine has been imposed upon any manager, captain or 
 player, the President shall notify the person so fined 
 and also the club of which he is a member; and, in the 
 event of the failure of the person so fined to pay to the 
 Secretary of the League the amount of said fine within 
 five days after notice, he shall be debarred from par- 
 ticipating in any championship game or from sitting on 
 a player's bench during the progress of a championship 
 game until such fine be paid. 
 
 Rule 70. 
 
 When the offense of the player debarred from the 
 
 game be of a flagrant nature, such as the use of obscene 
 language or an assault upon a player or umpire, the 
 umpire shall within four hours thereafter forward to 
 President a report of the penalty inflicted and the cause 
 the President of the League full particulars. 
 
 Rule 71. Warning to Captains. 
 
 The umpire shall notify both captains before the 
 game, and in the presence of each other, that all the 
 playing rules will be strictly and impartially enforced, 
 and warn them that failure on their part to co-operate 
 in such enforcement will result in offenders being fined, 
 and, if necessary to preserve discipline, debarred from 
 the game. 
 
 Rule 72. On Ground Rules. 
 
 SECTION I. Before the commencement of a game the 
 umpire shall see that the rules governing all the ma- 
 terials of the game are strictly observed. 
 
 SEC. 2. In case of spectators overflowing on the play- 
 ing field, the home captain 'shall make special ground 
 rules to cover balls batted or thrown into the crowd, 
 provided such rules be acceptable to the captain of the 
 visiting club. If the latter object, then the umpire shall 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 93 
 
 have full authority to make and enforce such special 
 rules, and he shall announce the scope of same to the 
 spectators. 
 
 SEC. 3. In all cases where there are no spectators on 
 the playing field, and where a thrown ball goes into a 
 stand for spectators, or over or through any fence sur- 
 rounding the playing field, or into the players' bench 
 (whether the ball rebounds into the field or not), the 
 runner or runners shall be entitled to two bases. The 
 umpire in awarding such bases 'shall be governed by 
 the position of the runner or runners at the time the 
 throw is made. 
 
 SEC. 4. The umpire shall also ascertain from the 
 home captain whether any other special ground rules 
 are necessary, and if there be he shall advise the oppos- 
 ing captain of their 'scope and see that each is duly 
 enforced, provided they do not conflict with any of 
 these rules and are acceptable to the captain of the 
 visiting team. 
 
 Rule 73. Official Announcements. 
 
 The umpire shall call "Play" * at the hour appointed 
 for the beginning of a game, announce "Time" at its 
 legal interruption and declare ^Game" at its legal ter- 
 mination. Prior to the commencement of the game he 
 shall announce the batteries, and during the progress of 
 the game shall announce each change of players. In 
 case of an overflow crowd, he shall announce the spe- 
 cial ground rules agreed upon, and he 'shall also make 
 announcement of any agreement entered into by the 
 two captains to stop play at a specified hour. 
 
 Rule 74. Suspension of Play. 
 
 The umpire shall suspend play for the following 
 causes : 
 
 1 If rain fall so heavily as in the judgment of the 
 umpire to prevent continuing the game, in which case 
 he shall note the time of suspension, and 'should rain 
 fall continuously for thirty minutes thereafter he shall 
 terminate the game. 
 
 2 In case of an accident which incapacitates him or 
 a player from service in the field, or in order to remove 
 from the grounds any player or spectator who has vio- 
 
94 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 lated the rules, or in case of fire, panic or other extraor- 
 dinary circumstances. 
 
 3. In suspending play from any legal cause the um- 
 pire shall call "Time"; when he calls "Time," play 
 shall be suspended until he calls "Play" again, and dur- 
 ing the interim no player shall be put out, base be run 
 or run be scored. "Time" shall not be called by the 
 umpire until the ball be held by the pitcher while stand- 
 ing in his position. 
 
 Rule 75. Field Rules. 
 
 No person shall be allowed upon any part of the field 
 during the progress of a game except the players in 
 uniform, the manager of each side, the umpire, such 
 officers of the law as may be present in uniform, and 
 such watchmen of the home club as may be necessary 
 to preserve the peace. 
 
 Rule 76. 
 
 No manager, captain or player -shall address the spec- 
 tators during a game except in reply to a request for 
 information about the progress or state of the game 
 or to give the name of a player. 
 
 Rule 77. 
 
 Every club shall furnish sufficient police force to pre- 
 serve order upon its own grounds, and in the event of a 
 crowd entering t the field during the progress of a game, 
 and interfering with the play in any manner, the visit- 
 ing club may refuse to play until the field be cleared. 
 If the field be not cleared within 15 minutes thereafter, 
 the vi-siting club may claim and shall be entitled to the 
 game by a score of nine runs to none (no matter what 
 number of innings has been played). 
 
 Rule 78. General Definitions. 
 
 "Play" is the order of the umpire to begin the game 
 or to resume it after its suspension. 
 
 Rule 79. 
 
 "Time" is the order of the umpire to suspend play. 
 Such suspension mtrst not extend beyond the day. 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 95 
 
 Hule SO. 
 
 "Game" is the announcement of the umpire that the 
 game is terminated. 
 
 Rule 81. 
 
 "An inning" is the term at bat of the nine players 
 representing a club in a game and is completed when 
 three of such players have been legally put out. 
 
 Rule 82. 
 
 "A Time at Bat" is the term at bat of a batsman. It 
 begins when he takes his position, and continues until 
 he is put out or becomes a base-runner. But a time at 
 bat shall not be charged against a batsman who is 
 awarded first base by the umpire for being hit by a 
 pitched ball or on called balls or when he makes a 
 sacrifice hit, or for interference by the catcher. 
 
 Rule 83. 
 
 "Legal" or "Legally" signifies as required by these 
 rules. 
 
 Rule 84. Tlie Scoring Rules. 
 
 To promote uniformity in scoring championship games 
 the following instructions are given and suggestions 
 and definitions made for the guidance of scorers, and 
 they are required to make all scored in accordance 
 herewith. 
 
 Rule 85. The Batsman's Record. 
 
 SECTION I. The first item in the tabulated score, after 
 the player'-s name and position, shall be the number of 
 times he has been at bat during the game, but the ex- 
 ceptions made in Rule 82 must not be included. 
 
 >SEC. 2. In the second column shall be set down the 
 runs, if any, made by each player. 
 
 SEC. 3. In the third column shall be placed the first 
 base hits, if any, made by each player. 
 
 The Scoring of Base Hits. 
 
 SEC. 4. A base hit shall be scored in the following 
 cases : 
 
 When the ball from the bat strikes the ground on or 
 within the foul lines and out of the reach of the fielders. 
 
9 6 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 When a fair-hit ball is partially or wholly stopped by 
 a fielder in motion, but such player cannot recover him- 
 self in time to field the ball to first before the striker 
 reaches that base or to force out another base-runner. 
 
 When the ball be hit with such force to an infielder or 
 pitcher that he cannot handle it in time to put out the 
 batsman or force out a base-runner. In a case of doubt 
 over this class of hits, a base hit should be scored and 
 the fielder exempted from the charge of an error. 
 
 When the ball is hit so slowly toward a fielder that he 
 cannot handle it in time to put out the batsman or force 
 out a base-runner. 
 
 In all cases where a base-runner is retired by being 
 hit by a batted ball, unless batted by himself, the bats- 
 man should be credited with a base hit. 
 
 When a batted ball hits the person or clothing of the 
 umpire, as defined in Rule 54, Section 2. 
 
 In no case shall a base hit be scored when a base- 
 runner is forced out by the play. 
 
 Sacrifice Hits. 
 
 SEC. 5. In the fourth column shall be placed the sac- 
 rifice hits. 
 
 A sacrifice hit shall be credited to the batsman who, 
 when no one is out or when but one man is out, ad- 
 vances a runner a base by a bunt hit, which results in 
 the batsman being put out before reaching first, or 
 would so result if it were handled without error. 
 
 Fielding Records. 
 
 SEC. 6. A sacrifice hit shall also be credited to a 
 batsman who, when no one is out or when but one man 
 is out, hits a fly ball that is caught, but results in a run 
 being scored. This rule will produce higher batting 
 averages for the team worker and is framed so that 
 justice may be done to the man who works for his side. 
 
 SEC. 7. The number of times, if any, each player 
 assists in putting out an opponent shall be set down in 
 the sixth column. An assist should be given to each 
 player who handles the ball in aiding in a run out or 
 any other play of the kind, except the one who com- 
 pletes it. 
 
 An assist should be given to each player who handles 
 the ball in aiding in a run-out or any other play of the 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 kind, even though he complete the play by making the 
 put-out. 
 
 And generally an assist should be given to each player 
 who handles or assists in any manner in handling the 
 ball from the time it leaves the bat until it reaches the 
 player who makes the put-out, or in case of a thrown 
 ball, to each player who throws or handles it cleanly, 
 and in such a way that a put-out results, or would re- 
 sult if no error were made by a team-mate. 
 
 Assists 'should be credited to every player who handles 
 the ball in the play which results in a base-runner being 
 called "out" for interference or for running out of line. 
 
 Errors. 
 
 SEC. 8. An error shall be given in the sixth column 
 for each misplay which prolongs the time at bat of the 
 batsman or allows a base-runner to make one or more 
 bases when perfect play would have insured his being 
 put out. But a base on balls, a base awarded to a bats- 
 man by being struck by a pitched ball, a balk, a passed 
 ball, or wild pitch, shall not be included in the sixth 
 column. 
 
 An error shall not be charged against the catcher 
 for a wild throw in an attempt to prevent a stolen base, 
 unless the base runner advance an extra base because 
 of the error. 
 
 An error shall not be scored against the catcher or an 
 infielder who attempts to complete a double play, unles's 
 the throw be so wild that an additional base be gained. 
 
 In case a base-runner advance a base through the 
 failure of a baseman to stop or try to stop a ball accu- 
 rately thrown to his base, the latter shall be charged 
 with an error and not the player who made such throw, 
 provided there was occasion for it. If such throw be 
 made to second base the scorer shall determine whether 
 the second baseman or shortstop shall be charged with 
 an error. 
 
 In event of a fielder dropping a fly, but recovering 
 the ball in time to force a batter at another base, he 
 shall be exempted from an error, the play being scored 
 as a "force-out." 
 
 Stolen Bases. 
 
 SEC. g. A stolen 'base shall be credited to the base- 
 runner whenever he advances a base unaided by a base 
 
98 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 hit, a put-out, a fielding or a battery error, subject to 
 . the following exceptions : 
 
 In event of a double steal or triple being attempted, 
 where either runner is thrown out, the other or others 
 shall not be credited with a stolen base. 
 
 In event of a base-runner being touched out after 
 sliding over a base, he -shall not be regarded as having 
 stolen the base in question. 
 
 In event of a base-runner making his start to steal a 
 base prior to a battery error, he shall be credited with a 
 stolen base. 
 
 In event of a palpable muff of a ball thrown by the 
 catcher, when the base-runner is clearly blocked, the 
 infielder making the muff -shall be charged with an error 
 and the base-runner shall -not be credited with a stolen 
 base. 
 
 SEC. 10. A wild pitch is a legally delivered ball, so 
 high, low or wide of the plate that the catcher cannot 
 or does not stop and control it with ordinary effort, and 
 as a result the batsman, who becomes a base-runner 
 or such pitched ball, reaches first base, or a base-runner 
 advances. 
 
 A passed ball is a legally delivered ball that the 
 catcher should hold or control with ordinary effort, but 
 his failure to do so enables the batsman, who becomes 
 a base-runner on such pitched ball, to reach first base, 
 or a base-runner to advance. 
 
 Rule 86. 
 
 The Summary shall contain: 
 
 SECTION i. The score made in each inning of the 
 game and the total runs of each side in the game. 
 
 SEC. 2. The number of stolen bases, if any, by each 
 player. 
 
 SEC. 3. The number of sacrifice hits, if any, made by 
 each player. 
 
 SEC. 4. The number of sacrifice flies, if any, made by 
 each player. 
 
 SEC. 5. The number of two-base hits, if any, made by 
 each player. 
 
 SEC. 6. The number of three-base hits, if any, made 
 by each player. 
 
 SEC. 7. The number of home runs, if any, made by 
 each player. 
 
 SEC. 8. The number of double and triple plays, if any, 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 99 
 
 made by each side and the names of the players par- 
 ticipating in the same. 
 
 SEC. 9. The number of innings each pitcher pitched 
 in. 
 
 SEC. 10. The number of base hits, if any, made off 
 each pitcher and the number legal at-bats scored against 
 each pitcher. 
 
 SEC. ii. The number of times, if any, the pitcher 
 strikes out the opposing batsmen. 
 
 SEC. 12. The number of times, if any, the pitcher 
 gives bases on balls. 
 
 SEC. 13. The number of wild pitches, if any, charged 
 to the pitcher. 
 
 SEC. 14. The number of times, if any, the pitcher 
 hits a batsman with a pitched ball, the name or names 
 of the batsman or batsmen so hit to be given. 
 
 SEC. 15. The number of passed balls by each catcher. 
 
 SEC. 16. The time of the game. 
 
 SEC. 17. The name of the umpire or umpires. 
 
RULES FOR 
 POST-SEASON CHAMPIONSHIP GAMES. 
 
 SEC. i. The pennant-winning club of the National 
 League and the pennant-winning club of the American 
 League shall meet annually in a series of games for the 
 professional baseball championship of the world. 
 
 SEC. 2. The emblem of the professional baseball 
 championship of the world shall be a silver cup of suit- 
 able size and appropriate design, jointly contributed by 
 the two leagues. 
 
 SEC. 3. The games shall be played under the super- 
 vision, control and direction of the National Commis- 
 sion. 
 
 SEC. 4. The event shall take place at the end of the 
 championship season of each year. Seven games shall 
 constitute a complete series. 
 
 SEC. 5. The games shall be conducted according to 
 the playing rules as provided for by the National 
 Agreement. 
 
 SEC. 6. The National Commission shall promulgate 
 schedule for the event. Three games shall be scheduled 
 in each of the cities of the contesting clubs, unless the 
 commission should otherwise decide. In case it be- 
 comes necessary to play the seventh game to decide the 
 event, the commission shall determine the city in which 
 the game is to be played. 
 
 SEC. 7. The clubs entitled to contest for the world's 
 honor shajl be represented by the Presidents of their 
 respective leagues and clubs. The Secretary of the 
 National Commission will be required to notify all of 
 the players of the contesting teams that they will be held 
 amenable by the commission to all rules governing 
 baseball and will be subject to discipline regardless of 
 contracts. 
 
 SEC. 8. The clubs shall continue to play each day 
 according to the authorized schedule until one of them 
 
SCIENCr OP aA3EBll 
 
 has won four games, when the contest shall end, and 
 the club winning shall be entitled to hold the emblem 
 of the world's championship during the ensuing base- 
 ball season. 
 
 SEC. 9. The National Commission shall reserve to 
 itself the right to terminate the series at any time 
 iliat it deems the interest of baseball demands it, and 
 to declare one of the contesting clubs the winner of 
 the championship regardless of previous performances. 
 
 SEC. 10. Each of the clubs ^participating in the event 
 shall guarantee to the National Commission in such 
 manner as the latter may prescribe, that they will faith- 
 fully carry out all of the provisions of these rules and 
 regulations and such others as the commission may 
 hereafter make to govern the games, and that they 
 will not exercise an arbitrary right or privilege of 
 abandoning the series until it has been completed or 
 the championship determined. 
 
 SEC. ii. There shall be two umpires who shall be 
 invested with the authority and discretion that the play- 
 ing rules confer, and they shall observe the same gen- 
 eral instructions with reference to maintaining order 
 and discipline upon the ball field during these con- 
 tests that govern them in the performance of their 
 duties in all other games in their respective leagues. 
 
 SEC. 12. The President of the National League and 
 the President of the American League shall each select 
 one umpire from their respective leagues, and the um- 
 pires so chosen shall be assigned to duty and be sub- 
 ject to the orders of the Chairman of the National 
 Commission. 
 
 SEC. 13. The compensation of the umpires shall be 
 fixed by the National Commission. 
 
 SEC. 14. The expenses of the National Commission 
 pertaining to these games, the salaries of the umpires, 
 and other miscellaneous and contingent expenses in 
 connection therewith, shall be paid out of the funds to 
 be received by the commission from these games. Should 
 these funds prove insufficient to this purpose, the bal- 
 ance shall be paid out of the regular funds of the com- 
 mission, and should there be a surplus in these funds 
 it shall be credited each vear to the regular funds of 
 the commission. All other expenses of both clubs. 
 
or JASEBALL 
 
 such as hotel bills and traveling expenses, balls, adver- 
 tising, policing of grounds, ticket sellers and takers, 
 incidentals, etc., shall be paid by the club incurring 
 the same. Should any difference arise at any time 
 as to the latter expense, the same shall be submitted 
 to the commission for adjudication and its rinding shall 
 be conclusive. 
 
 SEC. 15. Each contesting club shall preserve its con- 
 stitutional rights during games played upon its own 
 grounds with reference to the conduct of its business 
 affairs in connection therewith, but the visiting club 
 shall also be allowed its inherent rights and whatever 
 representation and facilities it may require to properly 
 protect the interests of the club and its players. 
 
 SEC. 16. The rates of admission and the condi- 
 tions governing the same shall be fixed by and be under 
 the control of the National Commission. 
 
 SEC. 17. The receipts from the games shall be di- 
 vided as follows : 
 
 1. Ten per cent, of the gross receipts from all games 
 shall be paid to the National Commission. 
 
 2. per cent, of the balance, from the first four 
 games shall form a pool for the players of the two 
 teams, to be divided 75 per cent, to the winner and 25 
 per cent, to the loser of the contest. 
 
 3. After the 10 per cent, deductions for the com- 
 mission and the two leagues from all the games and 
 that which forms the players' pool from the first four 
 games, the balance of the gross receipts shall be divided 
 equally between the two clubs. 
 
 4. The amount to be paid into the players' pool as 
 provided by this section shall be paid to the com- 
 mission, and the same shall be distributed to the 
 players through the Secretary of the commission. 
 
 SEC. 18. In the event that the schedule for a world's 
 championship series extends beyond the player's con- 
 tract season, then the salaries of the players who prop- 
 erly belong to the pennant-winning clubs shall con- 
 tinue, at the contract rate, to the end of the series of 
 games scheduled, although only four or more, games 
 be played. 
 
 SEC. 19. The free list shall be suspended during the 
 
SCIENCE OP BASEBALL 103 
 
 contest except to representatives of the press and club 
 officials of the two leagues. 
 
 SEC. 20. The winning team shall receive a pennant 
 and the individual players suitable trophies emblematic 
 of the championship. 
 
 SEC. 21. All questions arising out of the playing for 
 the world's championship not provided for herein nor 
 covered by the playing rules shall be dealt with and 
 decided by the National Commission. 
 
 SEC. 22. All clubs of both leagues, whether holding 
 the cup or challenging for it, hereby agree absolutely 
 to conform strictly to all the articles of these rules, and 
 in any cases not herein provided for, to conform to 
 the decisions of the National Commission. 
 
 SEC. 23. These same rules may apply to all other 
 games played between National and American League 
 clubs upon application being made to the National Com- 
 mission, except as to the division of the receipts ex- 
 clusive of the amount to be paid to the National Com- 
 mission and the two leagues, which shall be mutually 
 agreed upon between the clubs participating in such 
 games, provided, all players shall be paid at their con- 
 tract prices for all games of this character that they 
 are obliged to play after the expiration of their con- 
 tracts. 
 
 SEC. 24. After the adoption of this agreement by 
 the National and American Leagues copies of the same 
 shall be prepared by the respective leagues and sent to 
 the President of each club, who shall, on or before the 
 loth of March of each year, mail a copy to each player 
 of his club. 
 
104 SCIENCE: OF BASEBALL 
 
 WORLD'S CHAMPIONSHIP SERIES 
 
 FOR 1912 
 
 New York Nationals vs. Boston Americans. 
 
 First Game At New York, Oct. 8. Boston 4, New York 3 
 Batteries Wood and Cady for Boston; Tesreau Crandall and 
 Myers for New York. 
 
 Second Game At Boston, Oct. 9. Tie game, 6 to 6 (eleven 
 innings). Batteries Collins, Hall, Bedient and Carrigan for 
 Boston; Mathewson and Wilson for New York. 
 
 Third Game At Boston, Oct. 10. New York 2, Boston 1. 
 Batteries Marquard and Myers for New York; O'Brien, Bedient 
 and Carrigan for Boston. 
 
 Fourth Game At New York, Oct. 11. Boston 3, New York 1. 
 Batteries Wood and Cady for Boston; Tesreau. Ames and Myers 
 for New York. 
 
 Fifth Game At New York, Oct. 12. Boston 2, New York 1. 
 Batteries Bedient and Cady for Boston- Mathewson and Myers 
 for New York. 
 
 Sixth Game A't New York, Oct. 14. New York 5, Boston 2. 
 Batteries Marquard and Myers for New York; O'Brien, Collins 
 and Cady for Boston. 
 
 Seventh Game At Boston, Oct. 15. New York 11, Boston 4. 
 Batteries Tesreau and Wilson for New York; Wood, Hall and 
 Cady for Boston. 
 
 Eighth Game At Boston, Oct. 16. Boston 3. New York 2. 
 Batteries Bedient. Wood and Cady for Boston; Mathewson and 
 Myers for New York. 
 
 ATTENDANCE AND RECEIPTS. 
 
 Attendance. Receipts. 
 
 New York, first game 35,730 $75,127.00 
 
 Boston, second game 30,148 58,369.00 
 
 Boston, third game 34,624 63,142.00 
 
 New York, fourth game 36,502 76,644.00 
 
 Boston, fifth game 34,683 63,201.00 
 
 New York, sixth game 30,622 66.654.00 
 
 Boston, seventh game 32.694 57,196.00 
 
 Boston, eighth game 17,034 30,500.00 
 
 Total 252,037 $490,833.00 
 
 PREVIOUS SERIES FOR THE WORLD'S CHAMPIONSHIP. 
 
 1884 Providence 
 
 1885 Chicago 
 
 1886 Chicago 
 
 1887 Detroit 
 
 1888 New York 
 
 1889 New York 
 
 1890 Brooklyn 
 
 1903 Boston 
 
 1905 New York 
 
 1906 Chicago Americans 
 
 1907 Chicago 
 
 1908 Chicago 
 
 1909 Pittsburg 
 
 1910 Athletics 
 
 1911 Athletics 
 
 1912 Boston Americans 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 105 
 
 NATIONAL LEAGUE 
 
 STANDING OF CLUBS' AT CLOSE OF SEASON. 
 
 Club. N.Y. Pitts. Chi. Cm. Phil.St.L.Bklyn.Bos. Won. PC. 
 
 New York 12 9 1C 17 15 16 18 103 .682 
 
 Pittsburgh ... 8 .. 13 11 14 15 14 18 93 .616 
 
 Chicago 13 8 .. 11 1O 15 17 17 91 .607 
 
 Cincinnati ... 6 11 10 .. 8 13 16 11 75 .490 
 
 Philadelphia . . 5" 8 10 14 . . 11 13 12 73 .480 
 
 St. Louis 7 7 7 9 11 .. 10 12 63 .412 
 
 Brooklyn 6 8 5 6 9 11 .. 13 58 .379 
 
 Boston 3 4 5 11 10 10 9 . . 52 ,340 
 
 Lost 48 58 59 78 79 90 95 101 
 
 The Chicago- Pittsburgh game at Chicago, October 2, was pro- 
 tested by the Pittsburgh club and thrown out of the records, tak- 
 ing a victory from the Chicago club and a defeat from the Pitts- 
 burgh club. 
 
 CHAMPIONSHIP WINNERS IN PREVIOUS YEARS. 
 
 1871 Athletics 759 
 
 1872 Boston v 830 
 
 1873 Boston . 729 
 
 1874 Boston 717 
 
 1875 Boston 899 
 
 1876 Chicago 788 
 
 1877 Boston 646 
 
 1878 Boston 683 
 
 1879 Providence 702 
 
 1880 Chicago 798 
 
 1881 Chicago .667 
 
 1882 Chicago 655 
 
 1883 Boston 643 
 
 1884 Providence 750 
 
 1885 Chicago 770 
 
 1886 Chicago 726 
 
 1887 Detroit 637 
 
 1888 New York 641 
 
 1889 New York 659 
 
 1890 Brooklyn 667 
 
 1891 Boston 630 
 
 1892 Boston 680 
 
 1893 Boston 667 
 
 1894 Baltimore I 695 
 
 1895 Baltimore 669 
 
 1896 Baltimore 698 
 
 1897 Boston 795 
 
 1898 Boston 685 
 
 1899 Brooklyn 682 
 
 1900 Brooklyn . 603 
 
 1901 Pittsburgh 647 
 
 19O2 Pittsburgh 741 
 
 1903 Pittsburgh 650 
 
 1904 New York 693 
 
 1905 New York 668 
 
 1906 Chicago 765 
 
 1907 Chicago 704 
 
 1908 Chicago 643 
 
 1909 Pittsburgh 724 
 
 1910 Chicago 675 
 
 1911 New York 647 
 
 1912 New York , 682 
 
106 
 
 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 CLUB BATTING. 
 Club. G. AB. R. H. TB. 2B. 3B 
 N York 154 5067 823 1451 2002 231 88 
 Pitteb'ghl 152 5252 751 1493 2090 222 129 
 Chicago 152 5048 756 1398 1953 245 91 
 Boston . .155 5361 693 1465 1933 227 68 
 St. Louis 153 5092 659 1366 1791 190 77 
 Brooklyn. . 153 5141 651 1377 1839 220 73 
 Phila ...152 5077 670 1354 1861 245 68 
 Cincin 155 5115 656 1310 1732 183 91 
 
 . HB. SH. SB. 
 48 152 319 
 39 181 177 
 42 182 164 
 35 168 137 
 27 166 193 
 32 159 179 
 42 179 159 
 19 175 248 
 
 PC. 
 
 .286 
 .284 
 .277 
 .273 
 .268 
 .268 
 .267 
 .256 
 
 INDIVIDUA] 
 Name and Club. 
 Zimmerman, Chicago 
 Mej'ers New York 
 
 L. BA1 
 G. 
 145 
 126 
 153 
 143 
 48 
 42 
 143 
 21 
 65 
 28 
 145 
 46 
 103 
 48 
 110 
 81 
 77 
 37 
 145 
 143 
 50 
 141 
 129 
 145 
 86 
 132 
 123 
 120 
 150 
 15 
 42 
 152 
 145 
 148 
 29 
 128 
 16 
 124 
 81 
 65 
 46 
 130 
 122 
 78 
 52 
 24 
 128 
 108 
 130 
 
 :TING AVERAGES. 
 
 AB. R. H. 
 
 557 95 207 
 371 60 133 
 593 84 204 
 478 73 163 
 108 8 36 
 39 4 13 
 558 98 184 
 67 10 22 
 257 37 84 
 46 5 15 
 558 91 181 
 121 25 39 
 359 53 115 
 132 20 42 
 416 59 132 
 252 26 80 
 244 27 77 
 57 9 18 
 540 102 170 
 538 81 169 
 80 9 25 
 502 99 155 
 479 82 148 
 559 81 172 
 241 45 74 
 464 79 142 
 453 70 138 
 431 82 131 
 587 114 177 
 53 4 16 
 113 10 34 
 583 80 175 
 624 102 185 
 558 73 164 
 51 11 15 
 458 60 133 
 31 3 9 
 436 59 126 
 239 45 69 
 121 17 35 
 97 13 28 
 528 99 152 
 451 74 130 
 163 48 47 
 111 8 32 
 59 6 17 
 486 75 139 
 332 38 95 
 436 63 124 
 
 SB. 
 23 
 8 
 27 
 16 
 4 
 1 
 36 
 3 
 13 
 
 26 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 35 
 3 
 8 
 5 
 36 
 25 . 
 
 ii 
 
 37 
 29 
 11 
 30 
 16 
 35 
 45 
 
 *i 
 
 16 
 19 
 23 
 7 
 16 
 
 11 
 10 
 2 
 2 
 20 
 11 
 22 
 1 
 1 
 22 
 1 
 15 
 
 PC. 
 
 .372 
 .358 
 .344 
 .341 
 .333 
 .333 
 .330 
 .328 
 .327 
 .326 
 .324 
 .322 
 .320 
 .318 
 .317 
 .317 
 .336 
 .316 
 .315 
 .314 
 .313 
 .309 
 .309 
 .308 
 .307 
 .306 
 .305 
 .304 
 .302 
 .302 
 .301 
 .300 
 .296 
 .294 
 .294 
 .290 
 .290 
 .289 
 .289 
 .289 
 .289 
 .288 
 .288 
 .288 
 .288 
 .288 
 .286 
 .286 
 .284 
 
 Sweenev, Boston 
 
 Evers Chicago 
 
 Bresnaban, St. Louis . . . 
 McCormick, New York . . . 
 Dovle New York 
 
 Knisely, Cincinnati 
 Lobert Philadelphia 
 
 Wiltse, New York 
 
 " Wagner, Pittsburgh 
 Hendrix, Pittsburgh 
 Kirke Boston ... . 
 
 Kellv Pittsburgh 
 
 Marsans, Cincinnati 
 Kling Boston 
 
 Donlin Pittsburgh 
 
 Stengel, Brooklyn 
 
 Paskert, Philadelphia 
 Konetchy, S't. Louis 
 
 Crandall, New York 
 Titus, Philadelphia-Boston 
 Merkle New York 
 
 Daubert, Brooklyn 
 
 W. Miller, Chicago 
 S. Magee, Philadelphia . . 
 Wheat Brooklyn 
 
 Huggins, St. Louis 
 Carev Pittsburgh 
 
 Edington, Pittsburgh . . . 
 Simon Pittsburgh 
 
 J. Wilson, Pittsburgh . . . 
 Campbell, Boston 
 
 Hoblitzell. Cincinnati . . . 
 Burns New York 
 
 Lee Magee, St. Louis .... 
 M. Brown, Chicago ...... 
 Devlin Boston .... 
 
 Bates Cincinnati 
 
 A. Wilson, New York . . . 
 Hvatt Pittsburgh 
 
 Bvrne Pittsburgh 
 
 Saier Chicago 
 
 Shafer New York 
 
 Phelps Brooklyn 
 
 Graham, Philadelphia . . . 
 J. Smith, Brooklyn 
 Houser, Boston 
 Cravath, Philadelphia .... 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 107 
 
 PITCHING AVERAGES 
 
 Name and Club. 
 
 G. 
 
 PO. 
 
 A. 
 
 E. 
 
 PC. 
 
 Robinson, Pittsburgh 
 
 33 
 
 g 
 
 40 
 
 
 1000 
 
 C. Brown, Boston , 
 
 .... 31 
 
 4 
 
 42 
 
 
 1000 
 
 Willis, St. Louis 
 
 ... 31 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 
 1000 
 
 Wiltse, New York 
 
 28 
 
 5 
 
 40 
 
 
 1000 
 
 Adams, Pittsburgh 
 
 , . . . 28 
 
 2 
 
 36 
 
 
 1000 
 
 Rixev. Philadelphia 
 
 23 
 
 4 
 
 35 
 
 
 1000 
 
 C. Smith, Chicago , 
 
 . . . . 21 
 
 2 
 
 29 
 
 
 1000 
 
 Rucker, Brooklyn 
 
 45 
 
 5 
 
 82 
 
 1 
 
 .989 
 
 Mairquard, New York , , 
 
 34 
 
 2 
 
 58 
 
 'l 
 
 .984 
 
 Brennan, Philadelphia , 
 
 . . . . 27 
 
 7 
 
 53 
 
 1 
 
 .984 
 
 Ames, New York 
 
 33 
 
 6 
 
 53 
 
 1 
 
 .983 
 
 Leifield, Pittsburgh-Chicago 
 
 19 
 
 10 
 
 31 
 
 1 
 
 .976 
 
 Steele, St. Louis , 
 
 41 
 
 10 
 
 66 
 
 2 
 
 .974 
 
 Harmon, St. Louis 
 
 . . . . 43 
 
 11 
 
 87 
 
 3 
 
 .970 
 
 Hendrix, Pittsburgh . , , 
 
 , . . . 39 
 
 7 
 
 91 
 
 3 
 
 .970 
 
 Benton, Cincinnati 
 
 . . . . 50 
 
 13 
 
 78 
 
 3 
 
 .968 
 
 Alexander, Philadelphia 
 
 . . . . 46 
 
 10 
 
 75 
 
 3 
 
 .966 
 
 Sallee, St. Louis 
 
 . . . . 48 
 
 17 
 
 61 
 
 3 
 
 .963 
 
 O'Toole, Pittsburgh 
 
 37 
 
 3 
 
 75 
 
 3 
 
 .963 
 
 Suggs. Cincinnati 
 
 . . . . 42 
 
 14 
 
 82 
 
 4 
 
 .960 
 
 Cheniey, Chicago , 
 
 . . . . 42 
 
 4 
 
 67 
 
 3 
 
 .959 
 
 Reulbach. Chicago 
 
 39 
 
 8 
 
 60 
 
 3 
 
 .958 
 
 Mathewson, New York 
 
 43 
 
 15 
 
 74 
 
 4 
 
 .957 
 
 Crandall, New York 
 
 37 
 
 4 
 
 41 
 
 2 
 
 .957 
 
 Curtis, Philadelphia-Brooklyn . . . 
 
 . . . . 29 
 
 3 
 
 37 
 
 2 
 
 .952 
 
 Hess, Boston 
 
 33 
 
 11 
 
 47 
 
 3 
 
 .951 
 
 Knetzer. Brooklyn 
 
 . . . . 33 
 
 4 
 
 34 
 
 2 
 
 .950 
 
 Tyler, Boston 
 
 . . . . 42 
 
 15 
 
 75 
 
 5 
 
 .947 
 
 Lavender, Chicago 
 
 42 
 
 8 
 
 64 
 
 4 
 
 .947 
 
 Stack, Brooklyn 
 
 . . . . 28 
 
 2 
 
 34 
 
 2 
 
 .947 
 
 Ragan, Brooklyn 
 
 . . . . 36 
 
 11 
 
 40 
 
 3 
 
 .944 
 
 M. Brown, Chicago 
 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 .941 
 
 Camnitz, Pittsburgh 
 
 . . . . 41 
 
 4 
 
 59 
 
 4 
 
 .940 
 
 Kent, Brooklyn 
 
 .... 20 
 
 2 
 
 29 
 
 2 
 
 .939 
 
 Barger, Brooklyn 
 
 . . . . 16 
 
 2 
 
 29 
 
 2 
 
 .939 
 
 Allen, Brooklyn 
 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 .938 
 
 Donnelly, Boston 
 
 37 
 
 7 
 
 51 
 
 4 
 
 .935 
 
 Tesreau, New York 
 
 36 
 
 9 
 
 63 
 
 5 
 
 .935 
 
 Humphries, Cincinnati 
 
 . . . . 30 
 
 6 
 
 33 
 
 3 
 
 .929 
 
 Seaton, Philadelphia 
 
 . . . . 44 
 
 9 
 
 55 
 
 5 
 
 .928 
 
 Perdue, Boston 
 
 . . . . 37 
 
 6 
 
 45 
 
 4 
 
 .927 
 
 Moore, Philadelphia 
 
 . . . . 31 
 
 4 
 
 34 
 
 3 
 
 .927 
 
 Richie, Chicago 
 
 39 
 
 2 
 
 57 
 
 5 
 
 .922 
 
 Geyer, St. Louis 
 
 41 
 
 7 
 
 49 
 
 5 
 
 .918 
 
 Dickson, Boston 
 
 . . . . 36 
 
 4 
 
 63 
 
 6 
 
 .918 
 
 Fromme, Cincinnati 
 
 . . . . 43 
 
 7 
 
 76 
 
 9 
 
 .902 
 
 Yingling, Brooklyn 
 
 ... 25 
 
 7 
 
 36 
 
 5 
 
 .896 
 
 Cole, Chicago, -Pittsburgh 
 
 . . . . 20 
 
 1 
 
 21 
 
 3 
 
 .880 
 
 Dale. St. Louis 
 
 19 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 .867 
 
 Slmltz, Philadelphia 
 
 . . . . 22 
 
 4 
 
 17 
 
 4 
 
 .840 
 
 Keef e, Cincinnati . . 
 
 17 
 
 3 
 
 18 
 
 4 
 
 .840 
 
 Woodburn, St. Louis 
 
 . . . . 20 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 .7w; 
 
108 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 AMERICAN LEAGUE 
 
 STANDING OF CLUBS AT CLOSE OF SEASON. 
 
 Club. 
 
 Bos. Wash. 
 
 Phila. 
 
 Chic. 
 
 Clev. Det 
 
 . St.L.N.Y 
 
 .Won 
 
 PC. 
 
 Boston 
 
 
 12 
 
 15 
 
 1C 
 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 17 
 
 19 
 
 105 
 
 .691 
 
 Washington . . 
 
 10 
 
 
 7 
 
 13 
 
 18 
 
 14 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 91 
 
 .599 
 
 Philadelphia . 
 
 7 
 
 13 
 
 
 10 
 
 14 
 
 13 
 
 1C 
 
 17 
 
 90 
 
 .592 
 
 Chicago 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 
 11 
 
 14 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 78 
 
 .506 
 
 Cleveland 
 
 , 11 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 11 
 
 
 13 
 
 15 
 
 13 
 
 75 
 
 .490 
 
 Detroit 
 
 c 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 
 13 
 
 16 
 
 09 
 
 .451 
 
 St. Louis 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 
 9 
 
 53 
 
 .344 
 
 New York . . . 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 13 
 
 
 50 
 
 .329 
 
 Lost 47 61 62 7G 78 84 101 102 
 
 CHAMPIONSHIP WINNERS IN PREVIOUS YEARS. 
 
 1900 Chicago , 607 
 
 1901 Chicago 610 
 
 1902 Athletics 610 
 
 1903 Boston 659 
 
 1904 Boston 617 
 
 1905 Athletics 621 
 
 1906 Chicago 614 
 
 1907 Detroit 613 
 
 1908 Detroit 588 
 
 1909 Detroit 645 
 
 1910 A,thtetics 680 
 
 1911^Athletics 669 
 
 1912 Boston 691 
 
 CLUB BATTING AVERAGES. 
 
 Club. G. AB. R. H. 2B. 3B. HR. SH. SB. PC. 
 
 Philadelphia . .153 5111 779 1442 203 108 22 201 259 .282 
 
 Boston 154 50(59 794 1403 268 85 28 190 186 .277 
 
 Cleveland 155 5148 676 1404 220 75 10 208 195 .273 
 
 Detroit 154 5146 720 1374 192 87 18 151 275 .267 
 
 New York .. .153 5089 630 1321 170 78 18 152 245 .260 
 
 Washington . .154 5070 698 1299 197 86 17 144 262 .256 
 
 Chicago 158 5183 638 1319 176 79 17 211 212 .254 
 
 S't. Louis 157 5085 652 1262 165 70 19 139 176 .248 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 109 
 
 INDIVIDUAL BATTING 
 
 AVERAGES. 
 
 Name and Club. 
 
 G. 
 
 AB. 
 
 R. 
 
 H. 
 
 SB. 
 
 PC. 
 
 Cobb, Detroit 
 
 140 
 
 553 
 
 119 
 
 227 
 
 61 
 
 .410 
 
 Jackson, Cleveland 
 
 152 
 
 572 
 
 121 
 
 226 
 
 35 
 
 .395 
 
 Speaker, Boston 
 
 153 
 
 580 
 
 136 
 
 222 
 
 52 
 
 .383 
 
 Borton, Chicago 
 
 31 
 
 105 
 
 15 
 
 39 
 
 1 
 
 .371 
 
 Lajoie, Cleveland 
 
 117 
 
 448 
 
 66 
 
 165 
 
 18 
 
 :368 
 
 Lelivelt, New York 
 
 36 
 
 149 
 
 12 
 
 54 
 
 7 
 
 .362 
 
 Collins, Philadelphia 
 
 153 
 
 543 
 
 137 
 
 189 
 
 63 
 
 .348 
 
 Baker, Philadelphia 
 
 149 
 
 577 
 
 116 
 
 200 
 
 40 
 
 .347 
 
 Veach, Detroit 
 
 23 
 
 79 
 
 8 
 
 27 
 
 2 
 
 .342 
 
 Cree, New York 
 
 50 
 
 190 
 
 25 
 
 63 
 
 12 
 
 .332 
 
 Mclnnes, Philadelphia . . 
 
 153 
 
 568 
 
 83 
 
 186 
 
 27 
 
 .327 
 
 Crawford, Detroit 
 
 149 
 
 581 
 
 81 
 
 189 
 
 41 
 
 .325 
 
 D. Murphy, Philadelphia 
 
 36 
 
 130 
 
 27 
 
 42 
 
 8 
 
 .323 
 
 Hemriksen, Boston 
 
 37 
 
 56 
 
 20 
 
 18 
 
 
 .321 
 
 Williams, Washington . . 
 
 56 
 
 157 
 
 14 
 
 50 
 
 '2 
 
 .318 
 
 E. Murphy, Philadelphia. 
 
 33 
 
 142 
 
 24 
 
 45 
 
 7 
 
 .317 
 
 Gardner, Boston 
 
 143 
 
 517 
 
 88 
 
 163 
 
 25 
 
 .315 
 
 Chapman, Cleveland .... 
 
 31 
 
 109 
 
 29 
 
 34 
 
 10 
 
 .312 
 
 Easterly, Chicago " 
 
 93 
 
 241 
 
 22 
 
 75 
 
 4 
 
 .311 
 
 Laporte, Washington . . . 
 
 119 
 
 402 
 
 45 
 
 125 
 
 10 
 
 .311 
 
 Brief, St. Louis 
 
 15 
 
 42 
 
 9 
 
 13 
 
 2 
 
 .310 
 
 Turner, Cleveland 
 
 103 
 
 370 
 
 54 
 
 114 
 
 19 
 
 .308 
 
 Krug, Boston 
 
 15 
 
 39 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 .308 
 
 Milan. Washington 
 
 154 
 
 601 
 
 105 
 
 184 
 
 88 
 
 .306 
 
 Gandil, Washington 
 
 117 
 
 443 
 
 59 
 
 135 
 
 21 
 
 .305 
 
 Griggs, Cleveland 
 
 89 
 
 273 
 
 29 
 
 83 
 
 10 
 
 .304 
 
 Pratt, St. Louis 
 
 151 
 
 570 
 
 76 
 
 172 
 
 24 
 
 .302 
 
 Stahl, Boston 
 
 95 
 
 326 
 
 40 
 
 98 
 
 13 
 
 .301 
 
 Oldring, Philadelphia . . . 
 
 98 
 
 395 
 
 61 
 
 ' 119 
 
 17 
 
 .301 
 
 Wolverton, New York . . 
 
 33 
 
 50 
 
 6 
 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 .300 
 
 McConnell, New York . . . 
 
 42 
 
 91 
 
 11 
 
 27 
 
 
 .297 
 
 Bodie, Chicago 
 
 137 
 
 472 
 
 58 
 
 139 
 
 i2 
 
 .294 
 
 Jones, Detroit 
 
 97 
 
 316 
 
 54 
 
 93 
 
 16 
 
 .294 
 
 Lapp, Philadelphia 
 
 90 
 
 281 
 
 26 
 
 82 
 
 3 
 
 .292 
 
 Williams, St. Louis 
 
 64 
 
 216 
 
 32 
 
 63 
 
 18 
 
 .290 
 
 Shotten, St. Louis 
 
 154 
 
 580 
 
 87 
 
 168 
 
 35 
 
 .290 
 
 Collins, Chicago 
 
 153 
 
 579 
 
 75 
 
 168 
 
 26 
 
 .290 
 
 Wood, Boston 
 
 43 
 
 124 
 
 17 
 
 36 
 
 
 .290 
 
 Strunk, Philadelphia . . . 
 
 120 
 
 412 
 
 58 
 
 119 
 
 29 
 
 .289 
 
 Paddock, New York 
 
 46 
 
 157 
 
 26 
 
 45 
 
 9 
 
 .287 
 
 Ford, New York 
 
 39 
 
 112 
 
 15 
 
 32 
 
 2 
 
 .286 
 
 Delehanty, Detroit 
 
 78 
 
 266 
 
 34 
 
 76 
 
 9 
 
 .286 
 
 Schalk, Chicago 
 
 23 
 
 63 
 
 7 
 
 18 
 
 2 
 
 .286 
 
 Foster, Washington 
 
 154 
 
 618 
 
 98 
 
 176 
 
 27 
 
 .285 
 
 Lewis, Boston 
 
 154 
 
 581 
 
 85 
 
 165 
 
 9 
 
 .284 
 
 Gardiner, New York 
 
 43 
 
 160 
 
 14 
 
 45 
 
 11 
 
 .281 
 
 Compton, St. Louis .... 
 
 100 
 
 268 
 
 26 
 
 75 
 
 11 
 
 .280 
 
 Johnson, Cleveland 
 
 43 
 
 164 
 
 22 
 
 46 
 
 8 
 
 .280 
 
 Mullen, Detroit 
 
 37 
 
 90 
 
 13 
 
 25 
 
 
 .278 
 
 Moeller, Washington 
 
 132 
 
 519 
 
 90 
 
 143 
 
 30 
 
 .276 
 
 Dubuc, Detroit 
 
 36 
 
 105 
 
 16 
 
 29 
 
 
 .276 
 
 Carisch, Cleveland 
 
 24 
 
 69 
 
 4 
 
 19 
 
 *3 
 
 .275 
 
 Chase, New York 
 
 131 
 
 522 
 
 61 
 
 143 
 
 33 
 
 .274 
 
 Daniels, New York .... 
 
 133 
 
 496 
 
 72 
 
 136 
 
 37 
 
 .274 
 
 Wagner, Boston 
 C. Walker, Washington 
 
 144 
 36 
 
 504 
 110 
 
 75 
 22 
 
 138 
 30 
 
 21 
 11 
 
 .274 
 .273 
 
 Hartzell, New York . . . 
 
 123 
 
 416 
 
 50 
 
 113 
 
 20 
 
 .272 
 
 Rath, Chicago . N 
 
 157 
 
 591 
 
 104 
 
 161 
 
 30 
 
 .272 
 
 Callahan, Chicago 
 
 111 
 
 408 
 
 45 
 
 111 
 
 19 
 
 .272 
 
 Steen, Cleveland 
 
 22 
 
 48 
 
 5 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 .271 
 
110 
 
 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 INDIVIDUAL BATTING AVERAGES Continued. 
 
 Ryan, Cleveland. 93 
 
 328 
 
 53 
 
 69 
 
 12 
 
 .271 
 
 Sweeney, New York 110 
 
 351 
 
 37 
 
 94 
 
 6 
 
 .268 
 
 Plank, Philadelphia 34 
 
 90 
 
 5 
 
 24 
 
 
 .267 
 
 Lord, Chicago 151 
 
 570 
 
 81 
 
 152 
 
 28 
 
 .267 
 
 AMERICAN LEAGUE 
 
 PITCHING AVERAGES. 
 
 Name and Club. 
 
 G. 
 
 PO. 
 
 A. 
 
 E. 
 
 PC. 
 
 Coombs, Philadelphia 
 
 54 
 
 16 
 
 66 
 
 
 1000 
 
 Plank, Philadelphia 
 
 34 
 
 6 
 
 68 
 
 
 1000 
 
 White, Chicago 
 
 28 
 
 5 
 
 46 
 
 
 1000 
 
 Baumgardner, St. Louis 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 
 61 
 
 i 
 
 .985 
 
 Cashion, Washington 
 
 33 
 
 15 
 
 40 
 
 1 
 
 .982 
 
 Quinn, New York 
 
 16 
 
 4 
 
 39 
 
 1 
 
 .977 
 
 Wood, Boston 
 
 43 
 
 41 
 
 110 
 
 4 
 
 .974 
 
 Bedient, Boston 
 
 34 
 
 6 
 
 67 
 
 2 
 
 .973 
 
 Dubuc, Detroit 
 
 36 
 
 12 
 
 91 
 
 3 
 
 .972 
 
 Kahler, Cleveland 
 
 32 
 
 12 
 
 46 
 
 2 
 
 .967 
 
 Brown, Philadelphia 
 
 30 
 
 10 
 
 72 
 
 3 
 
 .965 
 
 Johnson, Washington 
 
 53 
 
 15 
 
 93 
 
 4 
 
 .964 
 
 Engle, Washington 
 
 15 
 
 
 27 
 
 1 
 
 .964 
 
 Collins, Boston 
 
 26 
 
 3 
 
 45 
 
 2 
 
 .960 
 
 Hall, Boston 
 
 32 
 
 9 
 
 59 
 
 3 
 
 .958 
 
 Baskette, Cleveland 
 
 19 
 
 4 
 
 19 
 
 1 
 
 .958 
 
 Blanding, Cleveland 
 
 36 
 
 9 
 
 77 
 
 4 
 
 .956 
 
 Bender, Philadelphia 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 36 
 
 2 
 
 .955 
 
 Ford, New York 
 
 34 
 
 13 
 
 88 
 
 5 
 
 .953 
 
 Steen, Cleveland 
 
 22 
 
 7 
 
 34 
 
 2 
 
 .953 
 
 Peters, Chicago 
 
 23 
 
 6 
 
 52 
 
 3 
 
 .951 
 
 O'Brien, Boston 
 
 35 
 
 10 
 
 83 
 
 5 
 
 .949 
 
 Willett, Detroit 
 
 37 
 
 12 
 
 113 
 
 7 
 
 .947 
 
 E. Brown, St. Louis 
 
 21 
 
 2 
 
 31 
 
 2 
 
 .943 
 
 Cicotte, Chicago 
 
 26 
 
 10 
 
 69 
 
 5 
 
 .940 
 
 Lake, Detroit 
 
 33 
 
 4 
 
 73 
 
 5 
 
 .939 
 
 Caldwell, New York 
 
 39 
 
 2 
 
 59 
 
 4 
 
 .938 
 
 Vaughn, Washington 
 
 22 
 
 5 
 
 53 
 
 4 
 
 .935 
 
 Houck, Philadelphia 
 
 25 
 
 7 
 
 50 
 
 4 
 
 .934 
 
 Hamilton, St. Louis 
 
 36 
 
 9 
 
 57 
 
 5 
 
 .930 
 
 Mullen, Dertoit 
 
 37 
 
 8 
 
 70 
 
 6 
 
 .929 
 
 Gregg, Cleveland 
 
 33 
 
 10 
 
 61 
 
 6 
 
 .922 
 
 Powell, St. Louis 
 
 31 
 
 3 
 
 52 
 
 5 
 
 .917 
 
 McConnell, New York 
 
 42 
 
 9 
 
 75 
 
 8 
 
 .913 
 
 Fisher, New York 
 
 16 
 
 3 
 
 38 
 
 4 
 
 .911 
 
 Walsh, Chicago 
 
 61 
 
 22 
 
 140 
 
 15 
 
 .910 
 
 Allison, St. Louis 
 
 27 
 
 4 
 
 46 
 
 5 
 
 .909 
 
 Groome, Washington 
 
 42 
 
 13 
 
 77 
 
 9 
 
 .909 
 
 Lange, Chicago 
 
 36 
 
 6 
 
 42 
 
 5 
 
 .906 
 
 Warhop, New York 
 
 37 
 
 3 
 
 64 
 
 7 
 
 .905 
 
 Hughes, Washington 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 
 57 
 
 7 
 
 .900 
 
 Works, Detroit 
 
 22 
 
 2 
 
 51 
 
 6 
 
 .898 
 
 Benz. Chicago 
 
 38 
 
 10 
 
 77 
 
 10 
 
 .897 
 
 Mitchell, Cleveland 
 
 22 
 
 8 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 
 .864 
 
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 111 
 
 PACIFIC COAST LEAGUE 
 
 STANDING OF CLUBS AT CLOSE OF SBAJ 
 Club. Won. 
 Oakland 1 2o 
 
 SON. 
 
 Lost. 
 83 
 83 
 93 
 100 
 115 
 121 
 
 P.C. 
 
 .591 
 .587 
 .542 
 .459 
 .436 
 .376 
 
 Vernon 
 
 118 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 no 
 
 Portland .... 
 
 85 
 
 S"an Francisco ... 
 
 89 
 
 Sacramento 
 
 73 
 
 
 
 CHAMPIONSHIP WINNERS IN PREVIOUS YEARS. 
 
 1903 Los Angeles 630 
 
 1904 Tacoma 589 
 
 1Qft . f Tacoma (1st series) * 583 
 
 I Los Angeles (2d series) 6O4 
 
 1906 Portland 657 
 
 1907 Los Angeles 608 
 
 1908 Los Angeles 585 
 
 1909 San Francisco . . . ; 622 
 
 1910 Portland 567 
 
 1911 Portland 589 
 
 1912 Oakland 591 
 
 * In play-off Los Angeles won. 
 
 INDIVIDUAL BATTING AVERAGES. 
 
 Name and Club. G. AB. R. H. SB. PC. 
 
 Bryam, Sacramento 16 30 4 12 . . .400 
 
 Mclntyre, San Francisco .. 41 152 24 58 .. .382 
 
 D. Howard, San Francisco 98 344 42 123 19 .358 
 
 Fitzgerald, Portland ...... 52 155 27 55 13 .355 
 
 Cunningham, Portland 11 36 7 13 . . .361 
 
 Heitmuller, Los Angeles 151 556 68 186 27 .335 
 
 Daley, Los Angeles 174 639 90 212 54 ^332 
 
 R. Williams, San Francisco. . 15 25 2 8 .. .320 
 
 Bayless, Vernon 199 716 118 228 44 .318 
 
 Lindsay, Portland 89 318 33 101 7 .318 
 
 Nagle, Los Angeles 23 38 6 12 1 .316 
 
 R. Brashear, Vernon 192 692 108 217 27 .314 
 
 Van. Buren, Sacramento . . . 127 383 48 120 15 .314 
 
 Kane, Vernon 169 616 124 191 66 .310 
 
 Delmas, Oakland 16 42 5 13 1 .310 
 
 Doane, Portland 146 505 65 156 47 .309 
 
 Delhi, San Francisco 16 39 4 12 1 .308 
 
 Pope, Oakland -...10 13 1 4 .. .308 
 
 Rodgers, Portland 184 705 84 216 28 .306 
 
 Zimmerman, San Francisco 69 255 25 78 11 .306 
 
 Patterson, Oakland 138 515 85 157 30 .305 
 
 Hartley, San Francisco . . . 119 422 38 129 18 .305 
 
 Sharpe, Oakland 101 357 29 107 4 .300 
 
 Krueger, Portland 162 586 73 175 28 .299 
 
 Hetling, Oakland 202 708 95 210 33 .297 
 
 Coy, Oakland 184 639 115 190 25 .297 
 
 Butler, Portland 52 192 23 57 10 ,297 
 
112 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 
 
 PITCHING 
 
 AVERAGES. 
 
 Name and Club. 
 
 G. 
 
 PO. 
 
 A. 
 
 E. 
 
 PC. 
 
 Munsell, Sacramento , 
 
 19 
 
 3 
 
 44 
 
 
 1000 
 
 Pernoll, Oakland 
 
 19 
 
 4 
 
 39 
 
 
 1000 
 
 Gaddy, Sacramento 
 
 .... 18 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 1000 
 
 Leverenz, Los Angeles 
 
 52 
 
 13 
 
 83 
 
 1 
 
 .990 
 
 Christian, Oakland 
 
 48 
 
 16 
 
 63 
 
 1 
 
 .988 
 
 Slagle, Los Angeles 
 
 42 
 
 17 
 
 60 
 
 1 
 
 .987 
 
 Schwenck, Sacramento 
 
 .... 22 
 
 6 
 
 50 
 
 1 
 
 .983 
 
 Parkin, Oakland 
 
 .... 26 
 
 9 
 
 47 
 
 1 
 
 .982 
 
 Baum, Vernon 
 
 .... 37 
 
 8 
 
 81- 
 
 2 
 
 .978 
 
 Klawitter, Portland 
 
 57 
 
 21 
 
 108 
 
 3 
 
 .977 
 
 John Williams, Sacramento 
 
 41 
 
 9 
 
 79 
 
 2 
 
 .977 
 
 Abies, Oakland 
 
 .... 45 
 
 10 
 
 73 
 
 2 
 
 .976 
 
 Arellanos, Sacramento 
 
 43 
 
 25 
 
 101 
 
 4 
 
 .969 
 
 Suter, Portland 
 
 .... 21 
 
 5 
 
 26 
 
 1 
 
 .960 
 
 Arlett, San Francisco 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 22 
 
 1 
 
 .968 
 
 Chech, Los Angeles 
 
 50 
 
 17 
 
 97 
 
 4 
 
 .966 
 
 Killilav, Oakland 
 
 .... 20 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 2 
 
 .960 
 
 Brackenridge, Vernon 
 
 34 
 
 20 
 
 76 
 
 5 
 
 .950 
 
 Stewart, Vernon 
 
 .... 39 
 
 21 
 
 47 
 
 3 
 
 .958 
 
 Henley, San Francisco 
 
 .... 45 
 
 16 
 
 74 
 
 4 
 
 .957 
 
 Hall<a, Los Angeles 
 
 40 
 
 14 
 
 85 
 
 5 
 
 .952 
 
 Malarkey, Oakland 
 
 40 
 
 7 
 
 52 
 
 3 
 
 .952 
 
 Carson, Vernon 
 
 45 
 
 9 
 
 66 
 
 4 
 
 .949 
 
 Raleigh, Vernon 
 
 .... 35 
 
 13 
 
 76 
 
 5 
 
 .947 
 
 Gray, Vernon 
 
 46 
 
 9 
 
 41 
 
 3 
 
 .943 
 
 Hitt, Vernon 
 
 .... 42 
 
 19 
 
 94 
 
 7 
 
 .942 
 
 Gilligan, Sacramento 
 
 43 
 
 13 
 
 81 
 
 6 
 
 .940 
 
 Fanning, San Francisco 
 
 .... 35 
 
 15 
 
 47 
 
 4 
 
 .939 
 
 Harknoss, Portland 
 
 .... 39 
 
 18 
 
 48 
 
 4 
 
 .938 
 
 Higginbotham, Portland 
 
 42 
 
 18 
 
 69 
 
 6 
 
 .935 
 
 Koestner, Portland 
 
 53 
 
 18 
 
 101 
 
 9 
 
 .930 
 
 Fitzgerald, Sacramento 
 
 28 
 
 7 
 
 58 
 
 5 
 
 .929 
 
 Castleton, Vernon 
 
 .... 31 
 
 8 
 
 55 
 
 5 
 
 .926 
 
 Delhi, San Francisco 
 
 .... 16 
 
 12 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 .921 
 
 Tozer, Los Angeles 
 
 .... 40 
 
 20 
 
 72 
 
 8 
 
 .920 
 
 Byram, Sacramento 
 
 16 
 
 3 
 
 29 
 
 3 
 
 .914 
 
 Miller, San Francisco 
 
 47 
 
 14 
 
 . 69 
 
 8 
 
 .913 
 
 Gregory, Oakland 
 
 37 
 
 17 
 
 99 
 
 10 
 
 .913 
 
 Flater, Los Angeles 
 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 .913 
 
 Perritt, Los Angeles 
 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 
 .912 
 
 Vernon, Los Angeles 
 
 .... 10 
 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 .909 
 
 Nagle, Los Angeles 
 
 .... 23 
 
 5 
 
 34 
 
 4 
 
 .907 
 
 McCorry, San Francisco 
 
 45 
 
 6 
 
 58 
 
 7 
 
 .901 
 
 Baker, San Francisco 
 
 40 
 
 12 
 
 58 
 
 8 
 
 .897 
 
 Toner, San Francisco 
 
 .... 27 
 
 5 
 
 38 
 
 5 
 
 .896 
 
 Bonner, San Francisco 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 14 
 
 2 
 
 .882 
 
 Olmstead, Oakland 
 
 10 
 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 .875 
 
 Durbin, Oakland 
 
 15 
 
 2 
 
 18 
 
 3 
 
 .870 
 
 Gregg, Portland 
 
 30 
 
 5 
 
 31 
 
 6 
 
 .857 
 
 Pope, Oakland 
 
 .... 10 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 2 
 
 .857 
 
 Temple, Portland -Vernon 
 
 .... 19 
 
 4 
 
 14 
 
 5 
 
 .782 
 
DON'T WEAR A 
 TRUSS! 
 
 After Thirty Years' Experience 
 1 Have Produced An Appli- 
 ance for Men, Women or 
 Children That Cures 
 RUPTURE. 
 
 I Send It On Trial 
 
 C. E. Brooks, Inventor, of the Appliance 
 
 If you have tried 
 most everything else, 
 come to me. Where 
 others fail is where I 
 have my greatest 
 success. Send attached coupon today and I will 
 send you free my illustrated book on Rupture and its 
 cure, showing my Appliance and giving you prices 
 and names of many people who have tried it and 
 were cured. It gives instant relief when all others 
 fail. Remember I use no salves, no harness, no lies. 
 I send on trial to prove what I say is true. You 
 are the judge and once having seen my illustrated 
 book and read it you will be as enthusiastic as my 
 hundreds of patients whose letters you can also read. 
 Pill out free coupon below and mail today. It's well 
 worth your time whether you try my Appliance or not. 
 
 FREE INFORMATION COUPON 
 
 Mr. C. E. Brooks, 1560 State St. Marshall, Mich. 
 
 Please send me by mail, in plain wrapper, your 
 illustrated book and full information about your Ap- 
 pliance for the cure of rupture. 
 
 Name 
 
 Address 
 
 City . State 
 
MKN ANY AGE: 
 
 Made strong and vigorous. Get Turko Giant Oint- 
 ment. Applied direct, strengthens, develops, invig- 
 orates. Strongly recommended for Lost Vitality, 
 Impotency, Atrophy, Wasting, Varicocele or any 
 form of weakness. Perfectly harmless. We guar- 
 antee to give satisfaction, or money back. Small 
 box, sealed in plain wrapper, 20c. ; large box, $1.00 ; 
 3 boxes, $2.50. Sent anywhere prepaid. Call or 
 write. 
 
 DEAN & DEAN 
 
 Dept. R 
 
 634 Third Avenue New York 
 
HER-CU-LIN, the giant developer for 
 
 men's vitality, that gives results* If 
 you still have ambition to enjoy life get 
 Her-cu-lin, the "Improved Method*" 
 Powerful Virile invigoration quickly 
 secured* Strongest kind of endorsements 
 from cured men* $1.00. J88T 25 cents 
 brings you proving size at once from 
 
 B. A. OSWALD CO. 
 
 318-32O WEST 42d ST. NEW YORK 
 
 CONFESSIONS 
 
 of 
 Estelle Ramon, Some Other Girls and Daisy 
 
 The Warmest little book ever published. Contains 
 nearly 150 pages and 32 vivid pictures in Darkest 
 Chicago. Price 25c. Remit in any form that suits 
 your convenience, except stamps. 
 
 ADDRESS 
 
 Kentucky Book Company 
 
 P. O. Box 565 
 
 PHILPOT, KENTUCKY 
 
fMaccv Ron DiMiiroc GENUINE PHOTOGRAPHS 
 UlaSSy Lien rlCTUreS or BEAUTIFUL WOMEN i 
 
 Exquisite Art Studies in Bewitching Poses! Portraying 
 Exactly the Rich, Warm Beauty of the Living Models 
 
 By ordering from this ad. vou will receive no prints 
 or cheap trash, as we sell nothing but REAL PHOTOS 
 of Female Loveliness made by a regular photographer. Far 
 from the ordinary Exquisite portrayals of real art! 
 
 A large part of these photos were made in France and 
 cannot be surpassed in this country at any price. 
 
 Cabinet size (3^x5^), on best quality double weight 
 photo paper; 3 for 25c. ; 8 for 50c. Our dollar special: 8 
 of the cabinet size, two 2^x3^, eight 1^x2^. six, 154x2, 
 68 small ones, one "Love in Three Acts," and one fine 
 large 6^x8^2 photo for framing; every one a genuine 
 photograph. The whole lot for only $1.00 postpaid. En- 
 close lOc. extra for sealed postage. Your money back if 
 not exactly as represented! 
 
 TEN BOOKS FOR 1O CENTS 
 1-Big Joke Book, 2-Book on Magic, 3-Book 
 1 on Toy Making, 4-Book on Courtship, 5- 
 Baseball Book, 6-Dream Book and Fortune 
 Teller, 7-Book Letter Writer, 8-Cook Book, 
 , 9-Home Entertainer, 10-White Slave Story 
 Book. All the above by mail for 10 cents. 
 Address 
 8. 8. KING CO., AKDOTER, OHIO 
 
 FOR MEN: 
 
 A QUICK, SAFE AND 
 POSITIVE TREATMENT FOR 
 
 GONORRHOEA AND GLEET 
 
 THOUSANDS HAVE USED AND FOUND 
 IT THE ONE BEST REMEDY 
 
 Discharges, Inflammations and Irritations of the Kidneys, 
 Bladder and Urinary Organs permanently relieved in 2 to 5 
 days. Warranted harmless, Non-Injective. Stricture 
 impossible. Bona-fide Guarantee to cure or money back. 
 
 PRICE, 50 CENTS The Box of 50 Gaps 
 
 Sold by all druggists or sent 
 postpaid in plain wrapper 
 
 THE SAFETY REMEDY CO., BOX C. 
 
 CANTON, OHIO 
 
GEDNEY'S 
 PEARLS 
 
 Insist on GEDNEY'S PEARLS 
 Take Nothing Else 
 
 Trade Mark Reg. U. S. GUARANTEED TO CHECK 
 
 Tat. Omce a u unnatural discharges of 
 
 the urinary organs in 24 hours. A SAFE, SPEEDY and 
 PERMANENT CURE, PRESCRIBED by Celebrated DOC- 
 TORS. QUICK RELIEF FOR KIDNEY and BLADDER 
 trouble. Clears up cloudy or thick urine. One bottle will 
 prove its value. GEDNEY'S PEARLS the only genuine. 
 Known as the old reliable over 75 YEARS. Write TO-DAY 
 for booklet, mailed free, plain sealed envelope. All Druggists, 
 or bottle by mail $1.00 Plain Package. 
 
 J.W.GEONEY, 767 E. 1 33d St., New York, U.S.A. 
 
 Guaranteed by J. W. GEDNEY under Pure Food and Drugs 
 Act, June 30, 1906, as pure and unadulterated. 
 
 INJECTION 
 
 for 
 GONORRHOEA and GLEET 
 
 No Other Treatment Required 
 SOLD BY ALL DRUGGISTS 
 
BE A GOOD MIXER, BY ALL MEANS 
 
 Hoffman House Bartender's Guide 
 
 By CHARLEY MAHONEY 
 
 This is a little dif- 
 ferent from the rest be- 
 cause it tells more and 
 tells it better. There is 
 no part of the business 
 which is not explained foil 
 here from the buying ^O 
 and stocking of a sa- 
 loon to the temperature at 
 which wines ought to be 
 kept, to say nothing about 
 the recipes for all of the good 
 and popular drinks. Plenty 
 of pictures, too. 
 
 Sent for fifteen 2-ct. stamps. 
 
 RICHARD K. FOX 
 
 PUBLISHING CO. 
 
 Franklin Sq., N. Y. City 
 
 A WIT TAKES HIS PEN IN HAND 
 
 Bowery Life 
 
 By CHUCK CONNORS 
 
 Mayor of Chinatown 
 
 You may never have heard 
 of Chuck Connors, but 
 makes no difference for 
 you will know him in- 
 timately after you have 
 read this little book and you will 
 wish it was twice as big. He 
 writes of life as he has seen it, 
 and the best part of it is that he 
 writes just as he talks. Go tot 
 it. 
 
 Sent for fourteen 2-ct. stamps. 
 
 RICH Alt 1> M. FOX 
 PUBLISHING CO. 
 
 Franklin SQ.. N. Y. City 
 
IT'S AL.L, FIGURED OUT FOR YOU 
 
 Blocking and Hitting 
 
 By GEORGE McFADDEN 
 
 greatest 
 in the 
 
 Known as the 
 defensive boxer 
 world. 
 
 A good many punches 
 are stopped with the face, 
 but McFadden has changed 
 all that. He shows how to 
 block cleverly, how to 
 punch swiftly, how to 
 avoid punishment and 
 wear the other fellow out 
 by his own efforts. What 
 he has written he has ac- 
 tually done in the ring; 
 also, he posed for the il- 
 lustrations. 
 
 Sent for 7 2-ct. stamps. 
 RICHARD K. FOX. 
 PUBLISHING CO. 
 
 Franklin Sq., N. Y. City 
 
 DO YOU WANT A 46-INCH CHEST 
 
 UNITED STATES 
 NAVY DRILL 
 
 By TOM SHARKEY 
 
 One of the strongest and best 
 developed men who ever jumped 
 over the ropes is Tom Sharkey, 
 and he says he got his big chest, 
 his broad back and l\is strong 
 arms from the -drilling he went 
 through in the navy. He says 
 every young fellow can be an 
 athlete and he tells how here. 
 He posed for the pictures 28 
 of them and they're worth 
 looking- .over. A lesson with 
 each one. 
 
 Sent for seven 2-cent stamps. 
 
 RICHARD K. FOX 
 
 PUBLISHING CO. 
 
 Franklin S^., N. Y, City 
 
INTRODUCING THE CLEVEREST OF ALL 
 
 Scientific Boxing 
 
 By JAMES J. CORBETT 
 
 With Fifty Illustrations and 
 Photographs 
 
 The wonderful boxer who beat 
 John Li. Sullivan for the cham- 
 pionship explains a few things in 
 the game and shows the right 
 way to send in the hooks and 
 jabs to get the best possible re- 
 sults. The world couldn't have 
 a better teacher, could it? Get 
 the book and see. 
 
 Sent for 7 2-cent stamps. 
 
 RICHARD K. FOX 
 PUBLISHING CO. 
 
 Franklin Sq.. N. Y. City ' 
 
 HERE'S AN INTERESTING EXERCISE 
 
 Scientific 
 
 Bag Punching 
 
 By HARRY SEEBACK 
 
 The champion of all bag 
 punchers, holder of the Police 
 Gazette Medal and challenger 
 of the world. Beginning with 
 the simplest moves, the author 
 takes the pupil along the line, 
 step by step, to the most dim- 
 cult feats known to the pro- 
 fession. There's an illustra- 
 tion with every lesson, which 
 makes it simple. 
 
 Sent for seven 2-cent stamps. 
 
 RICHARD K. FOX 
 
 PUBLISHING CO. 
 
 Franklin Sq., N. Y. City 
 
IT IS KEPT UP TO DATE ALWAYS 
 
 The 
 
 Life and Battles 
 
 of Jack Johnson 
 
 The latest edition is now out 
 and tells of the struggles of the 
 first black champion of the world 
 to attain the much-coveted title; 
 it is an interesting story and is 
 full of facts, to say nothing of 
 the illustrations, many of which 
 are remarkably interesting. 
 
 Sent for seven 2-cent stamps. 
 
 RICHARJD It. FOX 
 PUBLISHING CO. 
 
 Franklin JSq.. N Y City 
 
 HAVE THE FIGURE OF A SOLDIER 
 
 Army Exercises 
 
 By FRANK IDONE 
 
 Formerly of the Tenth. Field 
 Battery 
 
 An unusually intelligent artil- 
 leryman has put on paper the 
 system of physical culture used 
 in the United States Army and 
 the result is this book. To make 
 it more interesting and complete 
 he has posed for the illustrations 
 so that every position is shown 
 by a plate. 
 
 RICHARD K. FOX 
 PUBLISHING CO. 
 
 Franklin Si., X. V City 
 
EVERY MAID CAN BE A VENUS 
 
 FOR 
 WOMEN 
 
 Physical Culture 
 
 By BELLE GORDON 
 
 Police Gazette Champion Bag- 
 
 Puncher 
 
 Artists have raved over Miss 
 Gordon's curves and she is very 
 proud of them because she 
 helped make them; she would 
 like to have other women like 
 her, hence the book. She shows 
 before the camera the move- 
 ments and exercises necessary 
 to produce physical perfection 
 and it's all very interesting be- 
 cause she is not only a smart 
 woman, but a great poser. 
 
 Sent for 7 2-cent stamps. 
 
 RICHARD K. FOX 
 
 PUJBLISH1XG CO. 
 
 Franklin Sq.. N. Y. City 
 
 YOU WANT TO PLAY TO WIN, OF COURSE 
 
 POKER, How to Win 
 
 Together with official and latest rules of the 
 games of Stud, Draw, Straight, Freezout and 
 Whiskey. 
 
 It is the percentage in poker that tells the 
 story and if you know the value and chances 
 of the draw you are bound to come out the 
 top man in any game if it is square. If you 
 
 * 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 "* 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 *+* 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 4* * 
 
 
 * * 
 
 play poker every night or once a year you want 
 this book; and if you know all about the game 
 from the deuce up, you want it just the same, 
 for it can show you something that you never 
 knew before, and that is bound to improve 
 your play. Sent for six 2-cent stamps. 
 RICHARD K. FOX PUBLISHING CO., N. Y. CITY 
 
WHEN YOU DO HIT, HIT HARD 
 
 The Recognized Authority oil 
 
 AND HOW 
 
 TO TRAIN 
 
 This tells it all, beginning- with 
 a man who is out of condition 
 and who knows nothing; if he 
 is thin it puts meat on his bones; 
 if he is fat, it takes it off; then 
 it teaches him how to lead with 
 the left; after that the right; 
 then the counter, until it finally 
 turns him out a boxer. Many of 
 the champions have posed to 
 show the different punches and 
 it is good. 
 
 Sent for fourteen 2-ct. stamps. 
 
 RICHARD K. FOX 
 PUBLISHING CO. 
 
 Franklin Sq.. N. Y. City 
 
 AVHY NOT BE A PERFECT 31 AN? 
 
 PHYSICAL CULTURE 
 
 by means of 
 
 Muscular Resistance and 
 Breathing Exercises 
 
 By PROP. EDWARD ITTMANN 
 
 Profusely illustrated with plates 
 made from photographic poses by 
 the famous author who shows what 
 can be done without paraphernalia. 
 
 Sent for 7- 2-cent stamps. 
 
 RICHARD K. FOX 
 
 n m.isii ix; co. 
 Franklin Sq., tf. Y, City 
 
YOU CAN LEARN TO BE A \VRESTLER 
 
 WRESTLING 
 
 By Illustrated 
 
 FRANK with photo- 
 GOTCH graphs posed 
 The for by the 
 
 Champion of author, Hack- 
 the world enschmidt and 
 many other celebrites 
 of the mat. All of the 
 difficult holds shown by 
 pictures, making 1 it easy 
 for the pupil to learn 
 how. 
 
 Sent on receipt of 
 seven 2-cent stamps. 
 
 RICHARD K. FOX 
 
 ir KMK nix*.; CO. 
 Franklin Sq., IV. V. City 
 
 HERE IS THE ROAD TO HEALTH 
 
 PROF. ATTILLA'S 
 
 Five Pound 
 Dumb-bell Exercise 
 
 The teacher of Sandow, the 
 world's greatest athlete, ex- 
 plains his system in plain lan- 
 guage and illustrates his les- 
 son with photographs posed 
 for by his pupils. Thirty 
 lessons, with thirty half-tone 
 plates. 
 
 Sent for 7 2-cent stamps. 
 
 RICHARD K. FOX 
 PI'lfiMKf I IXti CO. 
 
 Franklin Sq., X. Y. City 
 
IS A MINE OF KIVOWI-EDGK 
 
 The Official 
 
 Book of Rules 
 
 for 
 
 All Sports 
 
 This tells it all, settles all 
 doubts, prevents heated argu- 
 ments and shows you how to do 
 the right thing at the right time. 
 Rules for everything from the 
 shot-put to rat killing. No one 
 should be without a copy. 
 
 Sent for seven 2-cent stamps. 
 
 KIC Jl A IU K. FOX 
 
 PUBLISHING CO. 
 
 Franklin, Sa- N. Y. City 
 
 TRULY A GREAT MAN ON THE MAT 
 
 SCIENTIFIC 
 WRESTLING 
 
 By 
 GEO. BOTHNER 
 
 For many years 
 the holder and de- 
 fender of the 
 lightweight cham- 
 pionship and the 
 Police Gazette 
 belt. He has put 
 brains into this 
 book as well as 
 lessons and pic- 
 tures and the re- 
 sult is all that 
 there is to be told 
 about the game. 
 
 Sent for four- 
 teen 2-ct. stamps. 
 
 RICHARD K. FOX 
 PUBLISHING CO. 
 
 Franklin SQ., N. Y. City 
 
WHEN IN DOUBT, TURN TO THE BOOK 
 
 Fox's 
 
 Barber's Book of Recipes 
 
 Good for the barber who wants to make his 
 own Cosmetics, Hair Tonics, Perfumes, Etc., 
 because he wants them pure and unadulterated. 
 A fine trade demands fine gnods and the wise 
 barber knows it. That is the reason this book 
 is now in its tenth edition and is still selling 1 . 
 You can be a manufacturer, if you like and 
 have the necessary energy, and sell the goods 
 to other barbers who prefer to take it easy 
 and let the other fellow make the most money. 
 
 Sent on receipt of fourteen 2-cent stamps. 
 
 RICHAR1> K. FOX 
 
 CO., ST. Y. CITY 
 
 YOU CANNOT KNOW TOO MUCH 
 
 BRIDGE and WHIST 
 
 The most popular game in America and England to-day 
 
 It has been the rage on two continents be- 
 cause it is a great game. The clever, scien- 
 tific player will win nine games out of ten; 
 the others will be consistent losers. To deliver 
 the goods a book like this is necessary. It is 
 all so plain and simple that you will not have 
 to sit up all night to study it. If you are 
 going to play cards at all play them close up 
 and to win. To do that get the book. 
 
 Send for six 2-cent stamps. 
 
 RICHARD K.. FOX PUBLISHING CO., N. Y. CITY 
 
University of California Library 
 
/9853 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 '&