Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.arGhive.org/details/descriptionofcerOOchaprich erier; CHARLES E, CRAPMm tieprinled f^om The, TlkpaM'' Amcrkaii Ilhiorkd RmciOj Vol /; Nos. 2 and 3, May and A'Ui^nsp, 19 IS R«printed from The Hispanic American Historical Review, Vol. I, Nos. 2 and 3, May and August, 1918 A DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN LEGAJOS IN THE ARCHIVO GENERAL DE INDIAS Introduction. In 1910, the ''Native Sons of the Golden West", a CaHfornia fraternal society, founded a $1,500 traveling fellow- ship for research work in the field of California history; in 1911, an additional fellowship for the same amount was founded. The writer was the second "Native Sons' " Fellow to be ap- pointed, holding a fellowship for two years, 1912 to 1914, during eighteen months of which time he worked at the Archive Gen- eral de Indias in Seville. One of the principal results of his work was the compilation of a vast quantity of materials which have since been arranged for publication under the title Catalogue of Materials in the Archivo General de Indias for the History of the Pacific Coast and the American Southwest, which is expected to appear in two volumes, in the latter part of 1918, as one of the University of California series, Publications in History. In this work a calendar is made of over 6,000 items (more than 20,000, if the separate documents of bound- files of papers, or testimonios, are considered) of which fully 5,000 had never been utilized by historians.^ As a ''Native Sons' " Fellow, the writer was un- der the necessity of seeking California materials, and this was practically desirable from the standpoint of the fellowships, since they were not yet securely established. He was instructed to proceed, legajo by legajo,^ choosing legajos on the basis of their possibilities as regards material for California history, and to ^ These documents were also of the highest all-round technical character. On this point see the writer's article, The Archivo General de Indias in The South- western Historical Quarterly, XXI. no. 2, pp. 145-155. '^ A legajo, or bundle of papers, of the archjivea at Seville will generally con- tain about 2,000 pages of manuscript. 1 ( GO I C 49- 2> THE HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW list California material only. A number of problems arose in the interpretation of these instructions, a few of which bear upon the descriptions which form the basis of this article. It was apparent from the first that materials for California history would include many documents relating to regions in the direct line of approach to California, especially Baja California and Sonora. it soon became clear, too, that it was impossible historically to separate the provinces of the east, including what are now New Mexico, Texas, and the North Mexican states opposite their borders, from those of the Pacific coast. On the other hand, self-evident California material in the legajos dealing with the frontier provinces of I^ew Spain investigated by the writer was not over five per cent of the whole, and lack of time and funds and the necessity of establishing the fellowships precluded list- ing all of the materials which theoretically it would have been desirable to do. During his whole stay the writer wavered be- tween the broad ideal and the narr6w way of the practically advisable, striking, he beheves, a fair average between them. In the final result he made a wide sweep of some of the more easily discoverable California materials, but included about two thou- sand items bearing upon the history of New Mexico and Texas representing perhaps the great majority of the most important documents in the legajos investigated. The problem which has just been described is alluded to in the case of specific legajos in the article herewith presented. Nevertheless, the descriptions are based on the entire legajo — not merely on the entered material — and include a mention of many documents not appearing in the calendar of the writer's Catalogue. While the materials referred to relate almost exclusively to the border states of the United States and Mexico, particularly the former, they have a significance in an institutional way cov- ering all the Americas. The documents are of the same type as those employed for all of Spain's colonies, as regards both the kind of subject-matter and the method of administration. They are, therefore, of general utility to the historian of colonial in- stitutions, as well as to the narrator of Spain's activities along what is now our southwestern border and the Pacific coast. DESCRIPTION OF LEGAJOS A. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1. Character of the legajos investigated. The principal idea in the choice of legajos for cataloguing was the likelihood of their containing materials for California history. A second aim was to secure legajos of such an all-round character that the description of a few of them might serve to indicate the kinds of material in all. The descriptions that follow represent, therefore, not only an account of the 207 legajos investigated, but also a characterization of a total of 621 legajos in the sets described, and in a measure furnish a clue to the contents of the ''Estado'' and "Audienda" groups of papers as a whole (18,969 legajos), since the othter legajos will in great dogrfee be similar in names and ma- terials to those which are here described. This entailed an investiga- tion of legajos, which, in the majority of cases, had never been opened since being filed a century before. The search was often barren or meagre, though not always so, from the standpoint of items for the Catalogue, but was well repaid in the store of information it supplied with regard to matters, particularly those of an institutional character, of interest or value for other purposes than those of the present inves- tigation. 2. Meaning of "NPC". At the end of many of the legajo descrip- tions, the letters "NPC" are placed to indicate that the documents of that legajo which were catalogued had not previously been copied up to the time of the writer's investigation. This was determinable, in that a notation, written with a pencil, of the legajo number was placed on a document when it was removed from a legajo for copying. This notation served, not only as a means for replacing the document, but also as a record as to whether it had been copied. The rule was not absolute, for it is conceivable that the documents might have been removed for other purposes, though rarely, or that the archive clerks might have neglected to make the penciled notation, or that the marks might not have been seen by the writer, since there was no specific place for them. The writer beheves, however, that few, if any, documents of those catalogued will have been copied in legajos bearing the "NPC" mark. Furthermore, in most of the legajos which lack the "NPC" characterization, the very great majority of the documents had never been copied for historical purposes. Since that time, how- ever, many copies have been made from these legajos.^ Recently a 3 Through the effort of "Native Sons" Fellows and Dr. William E. Dunn of the University of Texas, thousands of documents have been procured for the Bancroft Library of the University of California, the Library of the University of Texas, the Newberry Library of Chicago, and the Library of Congress. THE HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW system has been instituted at the Archive General de Indias, whereby a definite record is kept, both in the office of the head of the archives and in the legajo itself, of copies that are made, with a statement of the date of copying, name and nationahty of the investigator, subject of the investigation, number and title of the legajo, number of copies made, object of the work and use to be made of the copies, and a summary of their contents.* 1-12. Estado, Am. Gen, 1-12. 103-115. Aud. Guad 103-4-12 to 24. 13. « , Aud. Guad, 1. 116-128. " , 103-5-1 to 13. 14-36. « , Aud. Mex, 1-23. 129. " 103-5-20. 37. Aud. Mex 6(M-37. 130. " 103-5-25. 38-42. Aud. Guad, 67-3-27 to 31. 131. " 103-&-19. 43. « « , 67-4-45. 132. " « 103-6-21. 44. « ft , 67-5-3. 133-141. " 103-6-23 to 31. 45^6. Aud. Mex 88-5-13 to 14. 142-153. " 103-7-1 to 12. 47-48. « « 88-5-16 to 17. 154-162. " 104-1-6 to 14. 49-52. It « 88-5-22 to 25. 163. " 104-2-13. 53-55. It « 88-6-18 to 20. 164. " , 104-2-25. 56-57. tt « 89-3-22 to 23. 165-169. " , 104-3-1 to 5. 58-81. ft ft 89-6-1 to 24. 170-171. " , 104-3-9 to 10. 82. t( if 91-5-25. 172. " , 104-3-18. 83. It ft 91-e-17. 173. " 104-3-21. 84. ft ft 95-6-7. 174-176. " 104-3-24 to 25. 85. ft ft 95-7-16. 177. " 104-4-28. 86-88. ft ft 96-1-11 to 13. 178-184. " , 104-5-10 to 16. 89-90. It ft 97-4-5 to 6. 185. " 104-5-19. 91. Aud. Gua( i, 103-3-6. 186. " " , 104-5-24. 92. « « , 103-3-10. 187-189. 104-6-7 to 9. 93-94. « « , 103-3-12 to 13. 190-202. " " 104-6-12 to 24 95. « « , 103-3-21. 203. " " 104-7-6. 96-98. « « , 103-3-24 to 26. 204. " 104-7-8. 99. ft « , 103-3-28. 205. " 104-7-33. 100. ft « , 103-^-4. 206-207. " 105-1-24 to 25. 101-102. ft « , 103^-9 to 10. 3. Numerical order of the legajos on which the Catalogue is based. The numbers above represent merely the total of legajos up to that point in the writer's Catalogue. "Am. Gen." is equivalent to "America en General", "Aud. Guad." to " Audiencia de Guadalajara" , and" Aud. Mex." to "Audiencia de Mexico." In ordering from or citing "Estado" legajos, full entry must be made, as in items 1 to 36 above. In the * The system is described in Roscoe R. Hill, Descriptive catalogue of the docu- ments relating to the history of the United States in the Papeles Procedentes de Cuba deposited, in the Archive General de Indias at Seville (Washington, 1916), pp. X., XI. DESCRIPTION OF LEGAJOS case of all the other legajos, order or citation by number alone is sufficient. The reference to the Audiencia is therefore omitted in the following section, devoted to the descriptions. B. LEGAJO DESCRIPTIONS 1. The "Papeles de Estado" group. This entire set is composed of 105 legajos, dating from 1750 to 1836. In 1871, they were turned over by the ministry of state (Estado) to the Archive General de In- dias.^ The documents are of the same sort as those in the "Audiencia" group of the "Simancas papers"; they are divided into the same thir- teen subdivisions by colonial Audiencias, plus one other called "America en General"; they merely represent certain of the papers about colonial affairs, by no means all, for the years in question, which were taken up with the state department by that of the Indies. A useful manu- script catalogue by expedientes already exists at the Archivo General de Indias; a description of the principal document of an expediente is made, with a mention of the subordinate documents filed with it. The expedientes, or " documentos" , are numbered consecutively. Thirty-six legajos in this set were examined. Entry of items was based on ex- pedientes touching upon affairs in the Pacific with a direct or indirect bearing upon the Californias. In all, there were over 2,500 expedientes in the thirty-six legajos, of which 193, yielding 618 items, were entered. Very few of the entered documents bore marks showing that they had ever been removed for copying, although in three legajos, particu- larly rich in diaries of Spanish voyages to the northwest coast and of Spanish expeditions in Alta CaHfornia, and in correspondence of the Spanish ministers to Russia about Russian activities in the far north- west (Aud. Guad. 1, and Aud. Mex. 1 and 19), the entered material had been quite generally copied.® In addition to the material just mentioned, these legajos are espe- cially noteworthy for their Spanish accounts of voyages along the Pacific coasts of New Spain and the CaHfornias by English, American, Spanish-American revolutionary, and so-called pirate ships, during the last three decades of Spanish rule. There is also much valuable ma- terial about Gdlvez's reforms and the complaints against him. The 5 Hill, Descriptive catalogue, p. IX. ® By Professor H. Morse Stephens for the Bancroft Library. 6 THE HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW affairs of San Bias, including frequent reference to the project of re- moving the Department from that port to Acapulco, the Manila galleon trade, and Spanish exploration of the Hawaiian (Sandwich) Islands are prominent in the entered material. . The most important items of those omitted in cataloguing dealt with the Spanish-American War of Independence, which is very fully treated here.^ For the earher years, there is much about precautions against foreign ships in the Gulf of Mexico, foreign residents in New Spain, American and English aggressions, and the efforts to check seditious doctrines. Less important, perhaps, are papers about re- missions of treasure or of the Gaceta of Mexico to Spain , the receipt of the mails in New Spain, and the petitions of individuals. 2. Legajo 60-4-37. Viage y derrotero de las naos que fueron al Descubrimiento del Puerto de Acapulco a cargo del general Sebastian Vizcayno. Anos 1602. This small legajo contained only the important item entered in the Catalogue as number 6. It refers to Vizcaino's ex- pedition, not to Acapulco, but from there to Monterey and the Alta California coast. The material had previously been copied for the Bancroft Library. 3. Legajos 67-3-27 to 31. Espediente sobre el descubrimiento, con- quista y misiones de la provincia de la California. Anos 1602 a 1758. These are exceedingly important legajos for the field embraced by the Catalogue, and, with one or two minor exceptions, every document was entered. In all, there were 262 items catalogued, including many valuable and bulky testimonios. All of the documents bear removal marks, but it seems probable that the larger testimonios were not in fact copied; certainly very many of them have never been exploited. Legajos 67-3-27 and 67-3-28 bear upon Spain's activities with regard to the Cahfornias, principally Baja Cahfornia, and, except for the omission of the Vizcafno voyage to Alta California (for which legajo 60-4-37 is available), they form an adequate set of materials for an entire rewriting of Spanish efforts to procure a foothold in the Cah- fornias in the seventeenth century — for such attempts were made after Vizcaino's time, despite the oft-written statements that they were not. In legajo 67-3-28, there is much about the early history of Baja Cahfornia, following its settlement in 1697. Legajos 67-3-29 and ^ The omission in this case is of slight consequence, since the "Estado" papers were drawn upon liberally by Senor Torres Lanzas in his Independencia de Amirica; fuentes para su estudio; catdlogo de documentos conservados en el Archivo General de Indias de Seville, 1. serie, 6 v. Madrid. 1912. DESCRIPTION OF LEGAJOS 7 67-3-31, covering the years 1731 to 1758, are rich in materials for Baja CaHfornia, but even more so for Sonora and Pimeria Alta, as the region embracing the northern part of modern Sonora and southern Arizona was formerly called; and in legajo 67-3-31 there are a few Nueva Vizcaya documents. Nevertheless, there is an essential unity in the materials, for they bear very largely on questions of northward ad- vance. Legajo 67-3-30, for the year 1751, relates wholly to Nueva Vizcaya, containing only ten items, due to the presence of several huge testimonios. The names of Vizcaino, the Cardona^^ Iturbe, Ortega, Carbonel, Porter, Pynadero, Otondo, Salvatier'ra, Kino, Rodero, the Marques de Aysa, Escobar, Consag, and Sanchez are a few which sug- gest the nature of the document^, but there is much el^e at present buried in the testimonios about Indian wars and related matters (such as the founding of presidios and missions) in Baja California, Sonora, and Nueva Vizcaya, secularization of the Jefeuit missions of Tepehuana and Topia, projects for colonization of the Calif ornias, and the general progress of the Spanish advance.^ 4. Legajo 67-4-45. Espediente sobre las volas y planchas halladas en la primeria alta en la provincia de Sonora. Anos 1737 a 1740. This relates to the spectacular discovery, in 1736, of the balls of silver at Arizona (otherwise Arissona or Arizonac) , and to the action t^ken at Mexico aSnd Madrid in consequence. The documents range from 1736 to 1739, instead of the dates given above, and show that the event led, not only to a rush of settlers to Sonora, but also to suggestions for an advance of the northern frontier. The wholie legajo was entered, yielding twenty-four items, several of them bulky testimonios. — NPC 5. Legajo 67-5-3. Espediente sobre el estado del Gobierno de la Nueva Vizcaya; y excesos que cometen los Yndios barbaros y Apostatos sn sus fronteras.. Anos 1765 a 1756. The title accurately describes the contents. Some copies had been made — which may account for the disorder of the legajo. Because of the presence of several testi- monios, the legajo contained only sixteen items, all of which were entered. 6. Legajo 88-5-13. Virreynato. Instrucciones que dejaban los Vi- rreyes a los sucesores. Anos 1772 a 1801. Along with a few remitting letters, this contained the following instructions of viceroys to their successors: the Marques (Francisco) de Croix to Bucarely; the Caba- 8 A considerable part of the material in these legajos has been copied for the Bancroft Library. O THE HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW Hero (Teodoro) de Croix, as viceroy of Peru, to Gil; two of Re villa Gigedo (the younger) to Branciforte; two of Azanza to MarqUina. All were entered. — NPC 7. Legajo 88-5-14. Virreynato. Ynstrucdones dadas al Virrey Bucareli, Cedulas, Minutas de despachos y provisiones del Virreynato. Anos 1760 a 1819. This is an excelletit legajo for the study of the ceremonial surrounding the viceroy's position, particularly as to honors, titles, and privileges granted him upon entering office. Nothing was entered.— NPC 8. Legajos 88-5-17 and 18. Virreynato. Corresponda. confidencial con los Virrey es. Anos 1766 d 1779. These were made up of the per- sonal correspondence of Viceroy Bucarely between 1766 and 1777, for no letters appear for 1778 dud 1779. The first legajo was composed principally of letters between Bucarely and General Alejandro O'Reilly while there is also a file, for the year 1771, of semi-official correspond- ence of Bucarely with Jos6 de Gdlvez, the Marques de Croix, and Arch- bishop Lorenzana, prior to Bucarely's arrival in Mexico as the suc- cessor of Croix. Bucarely's letters are dVafts, for the file seems to have belonged personally to him, while the other letters are originals. The correspondehce with O'Reilly is especially interesting, because of its intimate nature. While the body of the letters is usually in the hand- writing of a clerk, both Bucarely and O'Reilly frequently added matter in their own hands, especially long postscripts, and in several cases dispensed with the use of a clerk altogether. The letters are of great importance, as will appear from the following explanation. Bucarely wished very much to retire — would in fact have preferred to return to Spain from Havana r&,ther than become viceroy of New Spain — and O'Reilly desired equally to succeed him as viceroy. Thus, O'Reilly was eager to learn, and Bucarely glad to relate, the principal events and problems of the viceroyalty. From 1769 (while Bucarely was still in Havana) to 1775, the file shows a letter a month from each; there are also single letters of O'Reilly for 1766, 1776, and 1777, and of Bucarely for 1776 and 1777. Unlike official letters, which were limited to treat- ment of a single subject, this correspondence ranges at the will of the writers, but for that very reason it gives an element of proportion less easy to determine in official documents. The affairs of the northern frontier are thus revealed as a very important item in the viceroy's attention. One interesting sidelight was the prominent place accorded Hugo Oconor in this correspondence. Oconor seems to have been a proteg^ of O'Reilly, who never failed to inquire about his friend, and DESCRIPTION OF LEGAJOS 9 Bucarely was equally consistent in giving the news; indeed, the stu- dent of Oconor's important work on the northern frontier must not neglect this file. Forty-six of Bucarely's letters to O'Reilly were entered, and the other documents of the legajo omitted. The making of the entry was difficult, not only because of the variety of the subject-matter, but also because of the utterly wretched handwriting of Bucarely. An attempt was made to state the principal fact discussed in the letter, with added comment about matters bearing upon the affairs of Alta CaHfornia. The documents of legajo 88-5-18 consist of Bucarely's private corre- spondence with the Marques de Losadas, during the period while Bucarely was captain-general in Cuba. None of these documents were entered.— NPC 9. Legajos 88-5-22 and 23. Virreynato. Expedte. de visitas de las Cajas Reales de Acapulco hecha por D. Jose de Galvez. Anos 1771 d 1772. The two legajos deal with the frauds discovered (or, at least, alleged) in connection with the visitation of the cajas reales of Acapulco, Gdlvez's dismissal of the Acapulco oficiales reales, and their petitions for reinstatement (which seem ultimately to have been successful). Legajo 88-5-22 contained twenty-six items, most of them testimonios of 1771, made up of documents of earlier date. The seventy-eight docu- ments of legajo 88-5-23 ranged between the years 1763 and 1773. All were entered.'— NPC 10. Legajos 88-5-24 and 25. Virreynato. Expedte. de la visita de D. Jose Galvez sohre todas las Rentas de Real Hacda. Anos 1767 d 1776. The forty-three items of legajo 88-5-24 and the eighty-four of legajo 88-5-25, all of them entered, include many documents of the greatest value for an understanding of the Gdlvez visita of 1765-1771. Most of them fall within the years of the visita, although some go as far back as the year 1752. They deal with the whole subject of Gd,lvez's reforms in commerce and real hacienda. Documents about Vera Cruz and Mexico City are in the majority, but only because, as the principal port and leading city, those places were essential factors in any general project Legajo 88-5-25 is most largely composed of the opinions of others about the reforms of the visitador, including the de- tailed objections of the Consulado of Mexico and of Tomds Ortiz de Landazuri, chief of the Contaduria General, but also including the im- ' Many were copied by the writer for Dr. H. I. Priestley, who used them in his Jos4 de Gdlvez (Berkeley, 1916). 10 THE HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW portant opinion of the fiscales of Castile, Campomanes and Moiiino (better known as the Conde de Floridablanca), whose voluminous re- port (see item number 1722) sustained Galvez.^" — NPC 11. Legajos 88-6-18 to 20. Virreynato. Cartas y expedientes del Virrey. The entire set with this title is composed of seventy-one legajos, dating from 1537 to 1821. The three that were investigated contain well-ordered expedientes dealing with administrative details, principally about real hacienda. They are respectively for the years 1772, 1773, and 1774; the first has fifteen expedientes (two to sixteen, inclusive, number one having been withdrawn in 1804), the second, fourteen (one to thirteen and one unnumbered), and the third, thirteen (one to twelve and one unnumbered). The following are some of the topics: petitions for increase of salary; papers relating to the repair of public buildings in Mexico; an expediente about a governor of Tlaxcala who had just quitted his post; the authorization for one Joseph Marion to carry 4,000 pesos' worth of goods from Acapulco to Manila; the departure of fleets from Vera Cruz bound for Spain; minor ecclesiastical and administrative appointments; the resigna- tion of an alcalde mayor; an expediente about the commerce of Vera Cruz with other Atlantic coast ports; an expediente about raising a military company to guard certain eastern towns; and an expediente arising from the pubUcation, without license, of a certain book. Noth- ing was entered. — NPC 12. Legajos 89-3-22 and 23, and 89-6-1 to 24. Virreynato. Du- plicados del Virrey. The entire set of the Duplicados of the viceroys consists of 180 legajos, dating from 1664, but all except twenty-three are for the years 1751 to 1823. Only the above-cited twenty-six were investigated. Legajo 89-3-22, for the years 1769 and 1770, during the administration of the Marques de Croix, aroused great expectations as to the wealth of the entire set in materials coming within the scope of the Catalogue. Most of the expedientes in this legajo have a numbered dupli- cate of Croix's, signed with his name and rubric, as the principal docu- ment, the others being enclosures and the whole file being directed to the ministro general de Indias, JuHdn de Arriaga. Many lack the serial number and the legally required index, or description, as well, for Croix seems to have been unsystematic in this respect. The bulk of the legajo, however, is due to a few unnumbered originals of Croix, with *" Many of these documents were copied for Dr. H. I. Priestley, for whose volume they served as among the most valuable of his materials. DESCRIPTION OF LEGAJOS 11 their enclosures of testimonios. While the materials were, in the main, like those of legajos 89-6-1 to 24 (presently to be described) in sub- ject-matter, there were sixteen valuable expedientes, with a total of seventy-nine documents, most of which treat, in detailed fashion (with diaries, letters, and estados), of the sea and land expeditions of 1769 to Alta California. Legajo 89-3-23, for the year 1772, contained thirty- two of Bucarely's duplicates, with enclosures, but only two, of slight importance, were entered. The writer was prompted to investigate legajos 89-6-1 to 24 by a hope that he would find additional materials about foreign voyages to the northwest coast in the years covered by the correspondence, 1785 to 1795, and, in particular, some further light on the Nootka affair. In this respect, the legajos were disappointing. The numbered corre- spondence of the viceroys Bernardo de Galvez, Archbishop Alonzo Ntinez de Haro, Florez, Revilla Gigedo, and Branciforte, and of the Audiencia of Mexico acting as viceroy, is very nearly complete; even when missing, its character can usually be determined by the lists of indices of the viceroys' letters, describing all that they wrote, except those marked reservada; even the reservadas are usually here. Never- theless, surprisingly little within the range of this Catalogue, or even of any wide narrative interest, was found, whether in the letters in ordinary course or in the reservadas. There is almost an entire absence of materials touching upon the American southwest. The Pacific coast fares better, owing to the recurrence of letters about the pious fund of the Californias and the Department of San Bias. There are also several expedientes about local affairs in Alta California, including the Fages proposal for reopening the route from Sonora. For routine matters, of a general administrative character, the legajos may well have considerable value. As already mentioned in the case of legajo 89-3-22, they are made up of the duplicates of the viceroys, with their enclosures, the whole file in each case duplicating that of the original. The action taken in Spain on the expedientes is lacking, but it can often be determined by the later answers of the viceroys. In some cases the originals are in these legajos, though without the addi- tional documents arising from official attention in Spain," and in three cases both the original and duplicate of a viceroy are present. Some other materials, possibly due to an error in filing, are occa- sionally found, especially in legajo 89-6-18, where there are a num- " Cf . infra, note 11. 12 THE HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAJi REVIEW ber of testimonios (not catalogued) about the financial affairs of Guana- juato, covering the years 1768 to 1792, Disregarding these materials and the three above-mentioned duplications, there are 1841 expedientes, each a viceroy's letter and its enclosures, in the twenty-four legajos, of which only forty-six were entered, yielding ninety-eight items. A large proportion of the expedientes not catalogued deal with appoint- ments to office, chiefly military appointments, while there is also con- siderable material about affairs of the city of Mexico and about the church.— NPC 13. Legajo 91-5-25. Virreynato. Espedientes diarios. Anos 1770. This is the first legajo in a series of twenty, covering the years 1770 to 1799. It is made up of such matters as petitions of individuals to come to the Americas, of high officials of Mexico asking permission to marry, and of matters pertaining to lawsuits and routine administration. Areche's request for permission to marry was the only document entered.— NPC 14. Legajo 91-6-17. Virreynato. Espedientes Consvltados par el Consejo. Anos 1772 a 1800. This is wholly concerned with matters of real hacienda for the years 1782 to 1796, most of the expedientes (not numbered and in some disorder) relating to the port of Vera Cruz. Nothing was entered. — NPC 15. Legajo 95-6-7. Virreynato. Embarco de tropas a distintos puntos. Anos 1765 a 1778. While of great general value, this legajo contained nothing for the present Catalogue. It concerned the em- barking of troops from Spain, not only to New Spain, but also to Havana, Nicaragua, Lima, and Buenos Aires. One expediente is for the year 1761.— NPC 16. Legajo 95-7-16. Virreynato. Fortificaciones, Pertrechos de Guerra, Siiuados de Tropa y sus Incidencias. Anos 1769 d 1770. This is one of a set containing thirty legajos between the years 1721 and 1818. Except for an expediente of six documents about Gdlvez's work and loss of health while in Sonora in 1769, nothing in this legajo was entered. The legajo is concerned with routine military matters for central and southern New Spain, more particularly for the cities of Vera Cruz and Mexico. Petitions for promotion or retirement, pro- motions granted, and monthly reviews of regiments and posts make up almost the entire legajo. Among the unentered items are the following : papers about the review of Domingo Elizondo's regiment of dragones de Espana; an expediente giving the names and salaries of military engineers of New Spain, including a reference to the promotion of DESCRIPTION OF LECAJOS 13 Miguel Costans6, for his services in the Alta California expedition of 1769; a petition of Diego Parrilla containing documents concerning his services and campaigns in Texas. — NPC 17. Legajo 96-1-11. Virreynato. Papeles y Pianos relativos a la guerra de la Sonora. Anos 1767 a 1771. This is a small legajo of less than three hundred pages, containing thirty items, all of which were entered. The greater part of the documents^ is divided between Armona's accounts of the campaign around the Cerro Prieto and the viceroy's letters to Spain giving the latest news about the war in Sonora.— NPC 18. Legajos 96-1-12 and 13. Virreynato. Cuentas de la Expedicion d Sonora. Anos 1766 d 1775. The two legajos aggregate 3,450 pages of material, nearly all of which relates to the jfinancial accounts of the Sonona expeditions of 1766 to 1771. Some accounts for the Alta Califortiia and Nueva Vizcaya expeditions and for the expenses of the Department of Skn Bias, in the same documents with the Sonora ac- counts, also appear, for activities in these regions were regarded as falling within the same general plan. The value of the whole is very great. Many of the testimonios of the two legajos duplicate each other. The majority are dated 1776 and 1777, when the accounts were completed. All of the documents were entered, yielding ninety items.— NPC 19. Legajos 97-4-5 and 6. Edesiastico. Espedte. sobre liquidacion de cuentas y venta de fincas del fondo piadoso de Misiones de California. Anos 1805. The two legajos may be taken as comprising one expediente, with a total of 136 items, all of which were catalogued. The documents are not for the date given above, but range between 1766 and 1797. The specific question giving rise to the expediente first appeiars in 1771, although there are some inventories of Jesuit goods of prior date. The issue raised was whether a sum of 136,184 pesos, expended on the expeditions of 1769 to Alta California, should be charged to the pious fund of the Californias or to real hacienda. Out of this came a dis- cussion whether the pious fund should continue to be administered separately by the Juzgado de Temporalidades or whether it should become a branch of real hacienda and have its estates sold. The latter course was decided upon in 1781, but the law seems not to have been executed for several years. The above is the principal content of legajo 97-4-5. The documents of legajo 97-4-6 relate to the sale of the above-mentioned estates and the status of the pious fund after it became a branch of real hacienda, but most of the items cover 14 THE HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW matters of routine administration of the fund. In both legajos there is much material of value incidental to the main theme, of which a number of estados showing receipts and disbursements of the pious fund for 1767 to 1792 are perhaps the most noteworthy items. — NPC 20. Legajo 103-3-6. Registros de oficio. Reales ordenes dirigidas a las autoridades del distrito. Afios 1745 d 1766. This is the last of a set of six legajos for the years 1554 to 1766. The legajo investigated was composed of two bound volumes, for respectively 1745 to 1758 and 1758 to 1766. Each contains copies of royal orders to the vice- roys, the Audiencia of Guadalajara, officials of the cathedral at Gua- dalajara, and to others, with reference to affairs within the region embraced by the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Guadalajara. The subject-matter varies, from the most general in character, to orders respecting particular individuals. Thirty such royal orders (entered separately) were catalogued. They dealt with Indian wars in Pi- merla Alta, the Spanish projects of conquest toward the Gila and Colorado rivers, and Spanish fears of French intrusions in Texas in the years preceding the cession of Louisiana to Spain. — NPC 21. Legajo 103-3-10. Yndice de Cedulas y Reales Ordenes. Anos 1760 a 1805. The real dates of the tndice are 1670 (not 1760) to 1774, although there are a few separate documents running to the year 1805, one of which, an item about Texas, was the only ent(>red docu- ment of the legajo. The principal part of the legajo is the Indice, which may be best described by copying its title: Indice de his Cedulas mas particulares expedidas de oficio, y a instancia de Partes — al Distrito de la Audiencia de Guadalaxara desde el ano de 1670 hasta el tiempo presente; sacado de los Libros de Registro . . . . y puesto en orden alfahetico, arreglado a las materias de que tratan . . . Por Martin Osorio .... Anode 1774- The alphabetical arrangement of sub- ject-matter contains descriptions, similar to those in the items of the present Catalogue, giving the gist of each real cedula. There were six such items between 1688 and 1721 under the heading " Calif ornias". There is no indication of the legajo in which the cedulas themselves are to be found. — NPC 22. Legajos 103-3-12 and 13. Consultas, Decretos y ordenes origi- nates. These were two of a set of nine legajos for the years 1760 to 1821. Legajo 103-3-12 was for 1765 to 1771, and legajo 103-3-13 for 1772 to 1781. The greater part of these legajos consists of the recommendation of the Councils of the Indies to the king, accompanied by the opinion of the fiscal, without other documents, thus enabling one to get at DESCRIPTION OF LEGAJOS 15 once to the meat of a matter. Both are originals. The legajos are in admirably good order, the expedientes being grouped by years and numbered consecutively within each year group. In addition to the principal class of expedientes there are some called (in legajo 103-3-12) ConsuUas sobre materias seculares, made up primarily of the corre- spondence within the Council itself, but occasionally including also the documents upon which action was based. _ Legajo 103-3-12 yielded nineteen items of minor importance. Among unentered expedientes was one of 1768 arising from Gd,lvez's order to the Audiencia of Guadalajara prohibiting it from hearing cases of fraud in connection with the levy of the alcdbala, and two respectively of 1769 and 1770, about a Frenchman of Guadalajara named Pedro Molina and a Portuguese of Cucula named Joseph Mederos, arising from pe- titions of these foreigners that they be allowed to remain in the Spanish colonies. Legajo 103-3-13, yielding sixteen items, proved of great value, owing to the bulk and importance of two of the entries, respectively 2,906 and 3,293 ill the Catalogue. Other noteworthy Alta California materials deal with the pious fund and with the proposed custodia of San Gabriel.— NPC 23. Legajo 103-3-21. Remisiones al Consjeo, Camara, y Minis- tros. Anos 1737 a 1800. The idea in the formation of this legajo seems to have been to bring together the drafts of letters of the minis- tros generales remitting materials to the Council of the Indies for action. As a rule, the other documents of the expediente do not appear, al- though in some cases, usually of minor interest, they are present. Were the file complete, it would be of very great importance, because of the range of the subject-matter, despite the lack of detail — nothing but the summary in the remitting letter. For many years, however, (1738-1744, 1747, 1748, 1750-1755, 1757, 1758, 1760-1762, 1765) there were no such letters; in very few years were there more than ten; and, in any event, the drafts for the more important matters do not seem to have been filed here. Nevertheless, a number of docu- ments not found in other legajos were indicated here, and twenty-four items were entered. In the case of materials dealing with Bishop Reyes's difficulties in connection with the custodias of San Gabriel .(Alta California), Sonora, and New Mexico, the accompanying docu- ments are present. Possibly the most important of the material not catalogued was the complete file, dated 1798, of documents giving most ample statistical data for the intendancy of Guadalajara. The case of the Frenchman, Pedro Molina, referred to in the description of 16 THE HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW legajo 103-3-12, is also well documented here. Another legajo in this set, namely, legajo 103-3-22, for the years 1801 to 1821, was not exam- ined for cataloguing. — NPC 24. Legajos 103-3-24 and 25. Ynformes sobre el estado de las Pro- vincias Ynternas por su comandante general D. Teodoro de Croix. Anos 1781 a 1782. These two legajos contain some of the most important materials discovered by the present writer, especially legajo 103-3-24, of over three thousand pages, in which appear certain memorials, heroic in size and equally valuable, by Teodoro de Croix. Three of these memorials (catalogued at numbers 4,082, 4,430, and 4,568) repre- sent perhaps the most thorough statement with regard to the region of the Provincias Internas, especially as regards Indian warfare, that ever was made. While Sonora, Nueva Vizcaya, and Coahuila occupy the major part of the space, the entire area of his government, from the Californias to Texas, comes in for an illuminating discussion by Croix. There are but nine documents in the legajo. Croix's letter, number 788, and its two enclosures, deahng with the miUtia of Saltillo and vicinity, were not entered. None of the documents in legajo 103-3-25 were catalogued, although the materials are important in their relations to the Spanish line of advance to Texas. The entire legajo (over two thousand pages in length) is a single expediente, of which the principal document is Teodoro de Croix's letter, number 835, to Jos6 de Gdlvez, enclosing four carpetas, of which the first (the bulk of the legajo) is divided into four cuadernos. The documents are wholly about military affairs in Coahuila and the adjacent parts of Texas, during the period of Ugalde's rule in Coahuila, dealing principally with Ugalde's campaigns against the Mescaleros Apaches. — NPC 25. Legato 103-3-26. Padrones de matriculas de familias pobla- doras. Anos 1777 d I8O4. While nothing in this legajo was entered, the material is decidedly important in itself. Most of the legajo is made up of padrones, or census reports, of the year 1777. The padrones are nearly all for the province of Guadalajara (not the entire area em- braced by the jurisdiction of the Audiencia), although they also exist for the cities of Culiacdn, Durango, and some others. They cover all householders and their families and servants, giving the age and blood (Spanish, mulatto, "coyote", Indian) of each person. Among the few other documents of the legajo is a representation concerning the prov- ince of Guadalajara, giving most detailed data concerning geographical, political, military, financial, commercial, agricultural, mining, stock- raising, and industrial affairs of the province of Guadalajara. This document is dated September 6, 1804. — NPC DESCRIPTION OF LEGAJOS 17 26. Legajo 103-3-28. Provisiones de Empleos PoUticos y Militares. Anos 1761 a 1794- This is the first legajo in a set of two, the second being for the years 1795 to 1804. The title and dates of the legajo aroused hopes that were doomed to disappointment. The mihtary appointments were comparatively few; those of officials of the Audiencia of Guadalajara, alcaldes, and treasury and custom officials filled most of the legajo. By no means all of the appointments are included; there are none for 1762 and 1763, [due to the war?] although other years are at least represented. Ten items were entered.— 7NPC 27. Legajo 103-4-4. Confirmacion de oficios vendibles y renunciables. Anos 1766 d 1773. This is one of a set of six, for the years 1760 to 1799, dealing with royal confirmations in the case of offices that were salable and renunciable. The offices concerned were those of notary and regidor in towns within the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Gua- dalajara, but not, as a rule, in that city itself. Nothing was entered. — NPC 28. Legajos 103-4-9 and 10. Correspondencia con el Comandante general de las Provincias Internas. Legajo 103-4-9 is for the years 1760 to 1782, and Legajo 103-4-10, for 1782 to 1802, but the inclusive dates are not strictly observed. A third legajo, covering to the year 1821, was not examined. The two legajos yielded 187 items for the Catalogue, including materials concerning the founding of settlements in Alta California during the Neve regime, and such important items as those numbered 3,965, 4,912, and 5,194 in the Catalogue. In general, however, the documents are not of a noteworthy character. Not a few presidial appointments are included. The uncatalogued expedientes are principally concerned with events in Nueva Vizcaya, together with a lesser number for the other eastern provinces just south of the pres- ent American border. In this group are documents dealing with the Indian wars of the Bolson de Mapimf and elsewhere, some census re- ports (e.g., one for Coahuila in 1778, showing the population accord- ing to differences in blood, enumerating the arms and Hvestock the people had, and giving data about the fertility of Coahuilan soil), an expediente based on a letter of Croix's stating why he was remain- ing in Nueva Vizcaya (instead of going to Sonora, as ordered), material about the status and rank of the companias volantes, a review of Rio Grande presidio, and other expedientes of a like character. Attention may be called to the large number of indices of letters written by the comandantes generales, especially in legajo 103-4-10; in this respect, the file approaches completeness. A document in legajo 103-4-10 18 THE HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW about the gold and silver output of Chile seems to have been placed there by mistake. — NPC 29. Legajos 103-4-12 to 14. Corresponda. con el Comandante gene- ral de las Provincias Ynternas D. Teodoro de Croix. Legajo 103-4-12 is for 1779, and each of the other two legajos, for 1782. In the case of the first legajo, the year is that of letters by Croix (and a number by Bucarely and the president of the Audiencia of Guadalajara) in New Spain; in the other two legajos it is the date of Gdlvez's replies from Spain, while most of Croix's letters are for the years 1779 to 1781. The basis for entry in cataloguing these legajos was restricted to items bearing upon Alta California and the approaches thereto, with a yield of 185 items. Among these documents, there is much material about Neve's activities for an increase in the number of settlers and settle- ments in Alta California, with indications of the progress achieved by the missions and 'pueblos that were founded. Papers about Anza's discovery of a route from New Mexico to Sonora and others about the insubordination of the troops at Terrenate, as a result of the treat- ment accorded them in the matter of purchasing supplies, are note- worthy items. If material for Texas and provinces of the Provincias Internas contiguous to it had been included, the number of entered items would have been more than doubled, and many interesting docu- ments would have been added. There is a great deal about Apache warfare in Coahuila and Texas and local materials for San Sabd, Paso del Norte, and various posts along the southern bank of the Rfo. Grande. Another type of expediente of frequent appearance is that of the ultimas noiicias (latest news) letters, many of which were entered, about Indian warfare in the Provincias Internas during the preceding month, with an indication of the losses incurred and inflicted, by the Spaniards and Indians respectively.^^ — NPC 30. Legajos 103-4-15 to 24 and 103-5-1 to 13. Duplicados de Comandantes generales de las provincias Ynternas. These twenty- three legajos. dating from 1771 to 1802, form part of a set of which there are five more legajos, for the years 1803 to 1821. In no group were the rules for exclusion of material from the Catalogue more rigorously " Many of the documents in legajo 103^^12 were nearly as solid and hard as wood when foulM by the writer. They appear to have become water-soaked, and then to have remained perhaps a hundred years or more before they were opened, by the writer, for examination. Once the stiffness had been taken out, they were as pliable as most other manuscript material, but the writing was all but illegible. DESCRIPTION OF LEGAJOS 19 applied. Only such documents as referred to the Calif ornias or had a very direct bearing on the affairs of Alta California were entered. Thus, material for New Mexico and Texas (except in legajos 103-4-15, and 16) was not entered, unless it appeared in documents referring to the Californias. Down to 1783, Sonora materials were entered liber- ally, but after that date, when the Spanish advance by way of the Gila and Colorado rivers had in fact stopped, the Sonora documents were omitted. Legajos 103-4-15 and 16 are to be regarded separately from the others of the set. Of fifty-two items that were entered, comprising most of the two legajos, one is an '^estado" showing the condition of the frontier presidios in 1771, except those of the Californias and Nuevo Santander; another is the printed decree establishing a line of frontier presidios; and the other fifty, the basis for the two just named, are testimonios covering the inspection of the frontier presidios by the Marques de Rubf in the years 1766 to 1768. All are dated 1771, the year the testimonios were made up, but the various documents within the testimonios are for the years of the Rubf inspection. Among the few unentered materials, there is one expediente of 1777, based on re- ports of Governor Barry of Nueva Vizcaya, reciting the misfortunes of his province as a result of Indian wars; one estado in this expediente shows the losses by each alcadia in men and property since 1771. The duplicados proper begin with legajo 103-4-17 of the year 1778. Just as in the case of the already described duplicados in the'^Audiencia of Mexico" group, the general comment for which applies, they are made up principally of the numbered duplicates (and their enclosures) in the series of the letters of the comandantes generales of the Provincias Internas to the ministros generales in Spain.^^ They are of unquestion- able importance (despite the lack of the drafts of replies from Spain) for the affairs of the Provincias Internas during practically the entire period in which they formed a comandancia general in a measure dis- tinct from the viceroyalty of New Spain. Not a few letters in the numbered series are missing, but it is often possible to determine what they deal with, through the presence of indices of the correspond- ence for a given month's mail. In three legajos (103-4-19, 103-5-4, 1* As in the case of the Audiencia of Mexico, a number of documents appear to be the original, instead of the duplicate. One wonders if it were not due, in many instances, to the failure of a clerk to write a "D" on the document, since that is the only way in which these materials differ from originals. There are not a few triplicates instead of duplicates. 20 THE mSPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW and 103-5-7) there are expedientes based on letters of intendants to the authorities in Spain; in two (103-5-7 and 8), of the president of the Audiencia of Guadalajara; in two (103-5-4 and 103-5-7), of various individuals, particularly ecclesiastical officials; in four (103-5-8 to 10 and 103-7-12), based on unnumbered letters of Ugarte; and in one (103-5-9), on the unnumbered letters of Nava. Beginning with legajo 103-4-17, there were 1,060 expedientes in the numbered letter series of the comandantes generates. From a regional standpoint they deal most prominently with the provinces from Sonora to Coahuila. Texas fares well — Alta Cahfornia and New Mexico, less so. In all, 150 expedientes, or portions of them, with 459 documents, were catalogued. Among outstanding entered materials may be mentioned the follow- ing: duplicates of Croix's voluminous memorials already referred to in the description of legajo 103-3-24; the acts of the junta de guerra held by Croix at Chihuahua in 1778, about military policies for the Provincias Internas; various expedientes about Neve's activities in Alta California in founding new settlements, and in preparing and putting into execution a new reglamento; expedientes about the progress of the settlements founded by Neve, especially San Jose and Los Angeles; the reviews of Alta California presidios; various expedientes about the founding of Spanish settlements at the junction of the Gila and Colorado rivers, the Yuma disaster of 1781, the ensuing campaigns against the Yumas, and the abandonment of the land route to Alta California; Neve's instructions to Fages, who succeeded him as governor of the Californias; the important estado catalogued as number 4828; and the expediente of the successful Ziiniga expedition to discover a route between New Mexico and Sonora. The unentered material includes numerous expedientes about Indian warfare, not only in Nueva Vizcaya and Coahuila, but also against the Apaches in Texas, the Comanches in New Mexico, and (after 1783) the Seris and Apaches of the Gila in Sonora. There is also much local material for Paso del Norte, San Antonio de Bexar, San Saba, and other places within or near the present American boundary in New Mexico and Texas. Among other items, the following may be noted: service sheets, in each of several years, of all the military officials of the frontier, including governors, adjutant inspectors, captains, lieu- tenants, alfereces, sergeants, cadetes, and adjutant majors of militia, of which only those of men known to have had a direct connection with Alta Cahfornia history were entered; reviews of presidios other than those of Alta California; twelve expedientes (in legajo 103-4-23) about DESCRIPTION OF LEGAJOS 21 the formation of militia companies in Nueva Vizcaya, and the ques- tions arising therefrom; and an expediente of 1795, of about six hundred pages, dealing with religious affairs in New Mexico.^^ — NPC 31. Legajo 103-5-20. Correspondencia con los Gobernadores, In- tendentes de Nueva Vizcaya y otras Provincial Interna^. Anos 1736 a 1821. This is a poorly organized legajo, with material for all of the frontier provinces, but mostly concerned with Sonora and Durango. The principal basis of the expedientes is the correspondence of the governors and intendants directly with the authorities in Spain. The legajo deals primarily with petitions for promotion, and appointments to office. Occasionally, important matter of a general nature appears relative to these appointments, fts in the case of the proceedings of the junta de guerra that considered yallardo's notable report about condi- tions in Sonora, in which Gallardo recommended the opening of land communication with the Californias from Sonora; this comes up in connection with the appointment of Diego Parrilla as governor of Sinaloa and Sonora. The legajo is by no means inclusive of the corre- spondence of the governors and intendants, only a few of whom are represented at all. Thirty-one items were entered. There is consid- erable material about Indian affairs in Durango which is perhaps the most noteworthy of the uncatalogued documents. Two similar legajos, not examined for cataloguing, are 103-5-19, described as containing the correspondence of the governors and intendants of Nuevo Leon, New Mexico, and Nuevo Santander from 1730 to 1821, and 103-5-21, similarly for Coahuila, Durango, and Texas from 1738 to 1821. — NPC 32. Legajo 103-5-25. Correspondencia con los Presidentes de la Audiencia. Anos 1734 d 1805. Like the legajo just described, this too in no sense approaches completeness within the terms of its description. There are letters of the presidents of the Audiencia of Guadalajara between the years named, with also some letters of prior, and some of later, date; but presumably the correspondence in the legajo is a very small fraction of the entire amount for the period covered, most of the years containing none whatever. An interesting feature of the legajo is the hght it throws on the acquisition of the presidency of the Audi- encia, since petitions for that post and appointments to it form a large part of the material in the legajo. The office was purchasable, the usual " One expediente in legajo 103-5-3, based on Croix's letter, number 939, bore the marks placed on a file when it is removed (usually for copying) from a legajo. 22 THE HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW price being 24,000 pesos fiiertes for a term of eight years. The pos- sessor might fill the post himself, name somebody else to serve in his place, or even bequeath his title to an heir. Not only were single terms sold, but also the reversion after the expiration of a first or even a second term. There is also much material of a more general character for affairs within the area of the jurisdiction of the Audiencia. The only entered material was an expediente of thirteen documents for the years 1740 to 1744, deahng with the activities of the Marques de Aysa to protect the west coast against the EngUsh expedition of Anson and any other EngHsh ships which might appear. — NPC 33. Legago 103-6-19. Espediente sobre cuentas de las rentas del Hos- pital Real de San Cosme y S. Damian de Durango. Anos 1771. The title is a sufficient indication of the contents of the legajo. Nothing was entered. — NPC 34. Legajo 103-6-21. Espediente sobre el establecimiento dela pob- lacion del Carrizal y del Presidio de la Junta de los rios del norte y concho. Anos 1759 a 1760. This contains only the two testimonios catologued at numbers 454 and 455, aggregating over nine hundred pages and deal- ing with the question of protecting the Nueva Vizcaya frontier from the raids of the Indians of Texas, through the founding of a presidio on the Rio Grande.— NPC 35. Legajos 103-6-23 to 31 and 103-7-1 to 12. Cartas y espedientes. These twenty-one legajos dating from 1744 to 1785, are in a series con- taining seventeen more, which carry the inclusive dates to 1800. Legajo 103-6-23 embraces the years 1744 to 1760, but the majority of the others are for a single year. The material in legajo 103-6-23, most of which was entered, is in disorder, indicating a probabihty of its having been used, although there were no copy marks. Legajo 103-7-11 seems also to have been used, for it is in wild disorder, al- though lacking removal marks, but the material which bears no ob- servable relation to the numbered expedientes, constituting three-fourths of the legajo, may once have formed one expediente, for it relates to a single idea. The other legajos retain the original good order of their filing. The materials are in groups of years, with a series of numbered expedientes in each year, very few of the serial numbers of which are missing. The last bundle in each year's list is composed of brief expe- dientes of but one or a few documents each, upon which no action by the DESCRIPTION OF LEGAJOS 23 authorities in Spain was necessary. The documents were merely read, therefore, and filed. These papers are called Cartas de visto, of which there are about thirty in each annual group of this set. Most of them are acknowledgments of the receipt of royal orders, or announcements of installation in office. Counting each year's Cartas de visto bundle as one expediente, there are 261 expedientes in twenty of the legajos investigated, excluding legajo 103-6-23. Fifteen expedientes were cata- logued, together with some of the material in four of the Cartas de visto bundles, yielding fifty-seven items, or a total of eighty-two with the twenty-five of legajo 103-6-23. These include New Mexico and Texas items. While less narrowly personal than the papers of the Espedientes diaries (discussed in the next following section), those of this set are also of an administrative character, of matters that came up in the ordinary course of business, somewhat general in subject-matter at times, though locally applied. Much of a judicial character and, es- pecially in the later legajos, much pertaining to the church, more par- ticularly the secular ai-m, appear. The expedientes for the year 1760 are illustrative of the whole set. They treat of the following subjects: salaries of alcaldes mayores; the decision that corregidores, alcaldes, and justices should reside in the principal town of their district; a re- quest for an explanation of a decree with reference to matrimony; the inabihty of Indian widows to pay tribute; the sale of certain ofiices; the collection of certain sums from the cathedral of Guadalajara; the need of a greater population in Coahuila; the visit of the bishop in Nuevo Le6n and Texas; the question whether the oficiales reales of Durango, Guadalajara, or Mexico should handle the papers dealing with the taking possession of office by officials in New Mexico; about a settle- ment north of the mouth of the Efo Grande without any pastor; and Cartas de visto. Occasionally, material of some importance is to be found in the legajos. The following items show this: measures taken as a result of the appearance of Dutch ships off the Pacific coast of New Spain, and as a result of the capture of Frenchmen in New Mexico and Texas, both in legajo 103-6-23; and the 116 page summary for the Coun- cil of the Indies of the expediente in which the most noteworthy document was the Lizaz6in memorial about conditions in Sonora and problems of northwestward advance, in legajo 103-6-25 (mentioned in item 560 of the Catalogue) . Several items of interest were not entered, some of which would usu- ally have been regarded as within the plan of the Catalogue. The items 24 THE HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW follow: a voluminous expediente arising from a lawsuit in connection with pearl-fishing in the Gulf of California, the only uncatalogued mate- rial of legajo 103-6-23; an expediente about the establishment of the alcabala in Culiacdn, Ostimuri, Real del Rosario, and Sonora, in legajo 103-6-25; two expedientes about the Frenchman Pedro Molina, who was married to a woman of Guadalajara and was interested in mining, but was living at Guadalajara without the permit required in the case of a foreigner, in legajos 103-6-30 and 103-6-31; the project of a citi- zen of Guadalajara for the establishment of eight royal banks in the two Americas for the benefit of miners, and an expediente about the division of the Californias between the Franciscans and Dominicans, both in legajo 103-7-1 ; an expediente about reducing the price of quick- silver at Bolanos, so as to assist in developing mineral wealth there, in legajo 103-7-2; two expedientes about secularizing certain Franciscan missions in Nueva Galicia, in legajos 103-7-3 and 103-7-11; and several expedientes of the year 1777 concerning the difficulties arising between the viceroyalty and the comandanda general of the Provincias Internas, as a result of the establishment of the latter, in legajo 103-7-5. — NPC 36. Legajos 104-1-6 to 14. Espedientes diarios. Anos 1760 d 1799. This is another well-ordered set of legajos, the material being arranged in packages covering a single year, within which the expedientes have a consecutive numbering. The documents are usually of a minor ad- ministrative character, almost whoUy concerned with the petitions of individuals about matters of personal interest to them. Petitions to be allowed to go to the Indies, or to carry certain relatives and servants there, petitions for a right to marry, requests for office or for promotion, claims for sums of money, requests for confirmations in office or in social standing — it is of such material that the legajos are made up. Aside from their institutional possibilities, the documents are occa- sionally of value because they deal with some official in whom the investigator has an interest or because they refer incidentally, in sup- porting the petition in question, to events that are within the scope of an investigation. In the case of the Catalogue, seventeen expedientes (of which fourteen come in legajos 104-1-6 and 7), yielding forty-nine items, were entered, out of a total of 422 expedientes. Two of the en- tered expedientes, one dealing with the establishment of the Dominicans in Baja Cahfomia, and the other giving complete and detailed informa- tion as to the expense of the Department of San Bias and the Califor- nias from 1768 to 1774, proved to be material of importance for the Catalogue — serving as illustrations of the way in which valuable items are occasionally buried in impromising legajos. DESCRIPTION OF LEGAJOS 25 At a period of more liberal interpretation of the rules for entry, the following expedientes might also have been catalogued : legajo 104-1-7, 1769, no. 1 — petition for permission to fill vacancies at the College of San Fernando, Mexico, caused by the sending of missionaries to the Calif ornias; legajo 104-1-7, 1769, no. 2— petition for permission to fill vacancies at the College of Santa Cruz, Quer^taro, caused by the send- ing of missionaries to Sinaloa and Sonora; legajo 104-1-7, 1770, no. 2 — petition of Thomas Prieto to go to the Indies to serve as a missionary in the Cahfornias, the petition being denied on the ground that Prieto was over fifty years old;^^ legajo 104-1-10, 1780, no. 5— grant of the rank of city to Arispe, Sonora, because it was to be the capital of the Provin- cias Internas and the seat of a bishopric; legajo 104-1-10, 1782, no. 8 — petition of Francisco Sdnchez Zuiiiga, a Queretaran friar who had spent ten years as a missionary in Pimerfa Alta, to be allowed to return to Spain; legajo 104-1-14, 1799, nos. 3 to 6 — petitions of five Dominicans, who had served twenty years in Baja California, to be made masters in their order; legajo 104-1-14, 1799, no. 10 — petition of a Dominican, who had served in Baja California, to be made predicador general of his order.— NPC 37. Legajo 104-2-13. Espedientes e ynstancias de partes. Anosl766 d 1777. This is one of a set of twelve which cover the years 1732 to 1826. The material is concerned with the petitions of individuals for office, more pay, promotion, financial assistance, and, in the case of widows, for pensions. Except for a few petitions by members of the clergy, the individuals concerned were civil officials already in govern- ment employ. Little of value appeared, but eight items were entered. —NPC 38. Legajo 104-2-25. Duplicados de sugetos particulares del distrito de aquella Audiencia. Anos 1707 a 1809. Another legajo with the same title is for the years 1653 to 1706. The title of legajo 104-2-25 does not fit the material exactly, for there are a number of expedientes which are general in nature and of more than ordinary value, some documents which are not duplicates, and some dated as late as 1816. Most of the papers, however, do relate to matters concerning individuals, and are duplicates, within the dates given. The greater part of the legajo treats of ecclesiastical affairs. The nature of the materials is well il- lustrated by the following items, which were regarded as just too remote " This is the only petition in the set of an individual wishing to go to the Californias. It may also be worthy of note, that the other matters of the legajo (appointments, etc.) do not relate directly to the Californias. 26 THE HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW for entry: an expediente of 175 pages about an uprising, in 1720, of the eleven Indian pueblos of the Rfo del Norte (Rfo Grande) ; various expe- dientes about affairs in Nueva Vizcaya during the rule of Governor Bela- unzardn, notably a seventeen-page letter of 1740 by the governor him- self; a letter of the Marques de Torre Campo, in 1747, relating nis achievements as governor of Nucva Vizcaya, and discussing the state of affairs there; a gossipy letter of the bishop of Guadalajara, March 13, 1746, in response to a request from the authorities in Spain, describing the various officials of Guadalajara, including Echeverz, president of the Audiencia, and the Marques de Aysa, a past and future president; and an expediente of 150 pages, dated 1796, concerning the residencia of Pedro Tueros, governor of Coahuila. A curious item is the poetic effusion of the Marques de Torre Campo on the accession of Ferdinand VI. Twenty-seven items were entered, including an important expe- diente of 1809 about the governmental restrictions on immigration into Coahuila and Texas. — NPC 39. Legajo 104-3-1. Espediente sohre la historia de la conquista de la Nueva Galicia escrito por el Licdo. D. Matias delaMota. Afios 1760. This tiny legajo of fifty pages is concerned with the petition of Mota Padilla for the publication of his book, this much being granted, and for certain official positions in Guadalajara that he desired. Nothing was entered.^"— NPC 40. Legajo 104-3-2. Espediente de la espedicion hecha a la Sonora por D. Jose de Galvez y donativos que para ello se hicieron. Anos 1766 d 1773. From the standpoint of the objects of the Catalogue, this was one of the richest of the legajos. It was in such admirably good order that it can hardly have been used before the writer came upon it. The entire legajo was entered, yielding 340 items. The title of the legajo is not adequate to describe the material it contains. The documents show that Jos6 de Gdlvez and the Marques de Croix formed a plan, which was later carried on by Bucarely, for the development and ad- vance of the northern frontier of New Spain, not only in Sonora, but also along the whole line, from the Califomias to Texas. The central idea was the suppression of the rebellious Indians of Sonora and an advance to the Gila and Colorado rivers. As a preliminary, how- ever, Alta California was to be occupied, Baja California made pros- perous, or, at least, freed from existing evils that retarded its " The Mota Padilla work se6m8 not to have been published for over a century, when it appeared under the following title: Historia de la conquista de la pro- »incia de la Nueva-Galicia. Mexico. 1870. [1871-1872]. DESCRIPTION OF LEGAJOS 27 development, and the military leaders of Nueva Vizcaya, Coahuila, and Texas were to hold the hostile Indians in check, until the Spanish troops from Sonora might come by way of the Gila to settle the issue in the east. The legajo treats adequately of the workings of the plan, and is fullest for the regions to which Gd,lvez gave his principal atten- tion, the two Californias and Sonora, and for the years 1768 and 1769 when he personally was on the scene. Except for papers stated to have been filed elsewhere, concerning Russian aggressions, and for certain of Gdlvez's reports about the Alta California expeditions of 1769, the legajo provides an almost complete survey of Gdlvez's activities in Baja California and Sonora until he was taken sick in 1769, and furnishes numerous documents about the heretofore little known story of the Sonora war. The great majority of the docu- ments are copies of the reports and enclosures of Gdlvez, Domingo Elizondo, and others to the viceroy, forwarded by him to Julidn de Arriaga,the ministro general in Spain.^^ — NPC 41. Legajo 104-3-3. Espedicion hecha por tierra a Monterrey en Ca- lifornia. Anos 1768 d 1772. Like legajo 104-3-2, this also was a valu- able legajo, giving seventy-six items, the entire legajo, for the Cata- logue. It did not. have the completeness as to the subject-matter treated that legajo 104-3-2 had, but it furnished abundant materials concerning the Alta California expeditions of 1769, after their arrival at San Diego. Thus, the march up the peninsula is inadequately re- ferred to, but the two marches to Monterey and the occupation of +hat port in 1770 are abundantly documented. There is also much material about the preliminaries of both the sea and land expeditions and con- cerning the Indian wars in Sonora, including the voluminous account of Belena, catalogued at number 1940. The legajo had been much used, although still in good order, and, except for the Belena report, there was hardly a document that had not been copied.^* 42. Legajos 104-3-4 and 5. Espediente sohre la sublevacion de los Yndios de la Pimeria alta y sus incidencias. Anos 1776. All of the material in these valuable legajos, 155 items in all, was catalogued. The revolt discussed is not of the year 1775, but the Pima revoft of 1751 and its important consequences. To this subject are devoted half of legajo 104-3-4 and all of legajo 104-3-5. The documents are princi- pally testimonios of the year 1754, some of them the result of Jesuit " Much of this material has since been procured for the Bancroft Library. 18 The copies were procured by Professor Stephens for the Bancroft Library. The Beleila report also has since been copied. 28 THE HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW efforts to exculpate themselves from blame for the uprising, but most of them resulting from the enquiries of their opponent, Governor Diego Parrilla. There are other documents on this subject between 1751 and 1759. The whole number furnish ample opportunity for the study, not only of the Pima revolt, but also for the affairs of Sonora and frontier conditions in general. The Spanish projects of advance by way of the Gila and Colorado rivers are prominently to the fore as well, as, for example, in the voluminous Balthasar and Gallardo memorials of 1753 and 1758. Half of legajo 104-3-4 is devoted to Dominican petitions for a mis- sionary field, in particular, in the Californias. The documents are for the years 1760 to 1775, and include much important material other than that of the Dominican efforts. There are statistical accounts of the Baja California missions in 1768 and in 1773, the valuable Gdlvez memorial of 1773 about the division of the Californias between the Franciscans of San Fernando and the Dominicans, various reports of the fiscales of the Council of the Indies and resolutions on the Dominican petitions, and especially the important plan of the Council of March 6, 1775, material also about the Anza expedition of 1774, and, in general, a great deal bearing upon the region of the Gila and Colorado and upon the Californias. Some of the Dominican material had been copied, but most of legajo 104-3-4 and all of legajo 104-3-5 were free from marks indicating removal for copy. 43. Legajo 104-3-9. Consultas, Materias, e Ynformes de Real Ha- cienda. Anos 1596 d 1805. Only one document of this legajo, the item catalogued as 410, was entered, and this seems to have slipped into the legajo by mistake. Nevertheless, the materials are extremely impor- tant for matters of finance in Spanish colonial administration. The papers are mostly concerned with the affairs of the Real Caja of Guada- lajara, but there are occasional references to other cajas reales within the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Guadalajara. Most of the docu- ments are summary accounts, and not mere masses of figures, of the recomnfendations of the Contadurfa General and Council of the Indies. One of the most remarkable documents of the legajo is a testimonio of 1765, forwarded to Spain with a letter of August 3, 1765, by the ojici- ales reales of the Real Caja of Guadalajara, of which the title reads as follows: Testimonio de varias Certificaciones, y diligencias pertenecientes d Xa Comprobacion de el Cargo, y Data . . . dela Real Hazienda, y Coxa de esta Giudad de Guadalaxara de veinte anos d esta parte. The DESCRIPTION OF LEGAJOS 29 document is a certified copy, 116 pages long. It was written to demon- strate how much more successful the writers had been in" gathering revenues, in the ten-year period from 1753 to 1762, than their prede- cessors had been in an equal length of time, from 1743 to 1752. Not only did they prove their case, but their figures for the entire twenty years show annual remittances to Mexico, representing an excess of receipts over disbursements of between 80 and 90 per cent of the amounts collected by them. Figures are also present for the receipts of each year, indicating the different sources of revenue and the amounts they produced. This valuable document is supplemented by material in legajo 104-3-21 (presently to be described).^* — NPC 44. Legajo 104-3-10. Provisiones de Empleos de Real Hacienda. Anos 1764 d 1795. A second legajo with this title dates from 1796 to 1808. This legajo deals with the appointments and promotions of oficiales reales of the more important cajas reales within the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Guadalajara. Eleven items were entered. — ^NPC 45. Legajo 104-3-18. Oficiales Reales y siis dependencias. Anos 1768 a 1791. This is the second of four legajos, the whole series dating from 1743 to 1811, and referring to the operation of the Real Caja of Guadalajara. While but three inconsequential items were entered, the legajo has some importance for matters of real hacienda. It covers a wide range in subject-matter, the following being some of the topics that appear: projects for increasing revenue; methods of administra- tion; letters enclosing accounts for a given period, and stating results; occasional cortes, tanteos and estados^^ which happened not to be removed to their proper file; indices of the letters of the o^cmZes reaves; and mat- ters concerning individuals, such as questions of salary, appointments to ofiice, and requests for permission to marry. — NPC 46. Legajo 104-3-21. Estados, Cortes y Tanteos de Guadalajara. Anos 1761 a 1781. This is one of two legajos, the second carrying the inclusive dates to 1807. The receipts and disbursements of the Real Caja of Guadalajara are covered with completeness for the years named. The cortes and tanteos give the cargo y data, or receipts and dis- bursements, in detail for the whole of each year. Each of these docu- ments fills about fifty pages. They are summed up in an estado, an " The materials of legajos 104^3-9 and 104r-3-21, covering the years 1742 to 1781, were used in Chapman, The Founding of Spanish California, pp. 52, 53, 455, 456, and appendix II. between pp. 456-457. *« These terms are defined in the next following legajo description. 30 THE HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW exceedingly neat piece of work on a single sheet,^^ although this docu- ment is missing for the earlier years of the legajo. As already men- tioned, this legajo and 104-3-9 furnish a fairly complete history of the financial operations of the Real Caja of Guadalajara from 1743 to 1781, but this is the better legajo, not only because of the estados, but also because disbursements are itemized. Despite the great value of the legajo, only five items mentioning remissions of funds to San Bias were entered. — NPC 47. Legajos 104-3-23 to 25. Cuentas de Real Hacienda de Guadala- jara. These three legajos, for the years 1761 to 1776, form part of a set of eight, of which the last five range from 1777 to 1788. Except for three Pliegos de Sumario^ for 1742, 1764, and 1765, the materials of legajo 104-3-23 consist of five books, -one for each year from 1761 to 1765, like those elsewhere styled Libros Manuales. In later years the Relacion Jurada, Pliego de Sumario, and Resultas y Reparos are present, indicating a change in the methods of accounting. The materials are important, since the figures are for the wide-sweeping jurisdiction of the Real Caja of Guadalajara, and bear upon the economic development, and therefore upon the Spanish advance, in the frontier provinces. Among materials of a special character is the item catalogued as num- ber 1,837, summarizing receipts, disbursements, and remissions to Mexico for each year from 1762 to 1771. The three legajos were cata- logued in entirety, yielding thirty-six items. — NPC 48. Legajo 104-4-28. Cuentas de Real Hacienda del Rosario y Ala- mos. Anos 1772 jd 1781. A second legajo is for 1782 to 1786. Le- gajo 104-4-28 is wholly concerned with Alamos. In each year there are four classes of documents, the Pliego de Sumario, Resultas y Reparos (called Resultas y Reflexas here), Relacidn Jurada ^^ and Cuenta de Cargo y Data, the last-named providing separate accounts of each branch of real hacienda. These papers are of value for the Spanish northwestward advance, as they indicate the economic progress, es- pecially of the mining districts, on which such an advance was based. All of the fifty-two items of legajo 104^-28 were entered. — ^NPC 49. Legajo 104-5-10. Cuentas de Real Hacienda de las Provincias Ynternas. Anos 1779 a 1782. The legajo is not well described, for it deals only with the expenses of the militia companies maintained in Nueva Vizcaya. Nothing was entered. — ^NPC *i Photographs of two estados are given in appendix II. of Chapman, The Found' ing of Spanish California. 22 For unexplained terms, see section 50, where definitions are given. 2* See the definitions given in section 50. DESCRIPTION OF LEGAJOS 31 50. Legajos 104-5-11 to 15. Cuentas de Real Hacienda de S. Bias de California. Anos 1774 d 1794. These legajos contain the financial operations of the Department of San Bias in its important relation to the Californias. While the materials vary in some measure in the different legajos, there are six principal types of documents found. The Relacion Jurada, or sworn statement of receipts and disbursements, made up at the end of each year by the commissary of San Bias and his assistants, provides an itemized account of the kinds of goods sent to the Californias, together with the amounts and prices, dates of ship- ment, ships upon which they were loaded, etc. The Pliego de Sumario is a summary of the Relacion Jurada. The ResuUas y Reparos, also called Pliegos de Consistencia, Autos de Consistencia y Reparos, and yet other names, contains a detailed comment on the various items of the Relacion Jurada, averaging from ten to twenty times that document in length. The two last-described documents were made by up the Real Tribunal de Cuentas of Mexico; they tend in great measure to clear up the meaning of the masses of figures appearing in the Relacidn Jurada. Beginning with 1786, the last year of legajo 104-5-11, the documents consist principally of three leather-bound volumes. The Lihro Manual is a journal, or day book, in which items, whether debit or credit, are entered consecutively under each day, with the same sort of comment as that of the Relacion Jurada. The Lihro Mayor is a ledger, and the Lihro de Caxa, or Lihro de Tesorero, is a cash book. In these later years, the first three documents described are missing, except the ResuUas y Reparos, and that is briefer than before. The later materials are therefore more difficult of use by an investigator. For the minute details of the Spanish settlements in Alta California, these legajos are extremely important, since that colony was almost wholly dependent on San Bias. These documents not only show every- thing that was shipped to Alta California, but also furnish much inci- dental data, such as the names of ships and their officers and the dates of sailing. In legajo 104-5-1 1 there were a few documents of a financial character other than those described above, all of which referred to Alta California. Every document of the five legajos^ 103 in all, was entered.— NPC 51. Legajo 104-5-16. Cuentas de Real Hacda. deS. Carlos de Perote en California. Anos 1773 a 1789. Two other legajos in this set carry the dates to 1803. Legajo 104-5-16 is complete only for the years 1773, 1774, and 1786 to 1789, although a few documents of 1779 to 1782 appear. The documents are the same as those described in section 32 THE HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW 60. Since the fort of San Carlos de Perote was in the vicinity of Vera Cruz, it would seem that the legajo is wrongly entitled. Nevertheless, the twenty items of the legajo were entered, three, at least, with jus- tification, since they referred to the accounts of the presidio of Loreto in Baja CaHfornia. — NPC 52. Legajo 104-5-19. Espedientes de Real Hacienda en general. Anos 1764 d 1791. This is the first of a set of five legajos running to the year 1819. The materials were a distinct surprise, in that they did not consist of account books and lists of figures, but were rather in the nature of projects of real hacienda. They are principally for the year 1786 to 1791, and deal, for the most part, with the Department of San Bias, and with plans for instituting trade between the Philippines and Alta California. Two expedientes appear in which suggestions were made, between 1786 and 1790, for developing the fur trade of Alta California and the northwest coast. One of them involved also the development of Alta California's mineral wealth; furs were to be ex- changed for quicksilver, which was to be procured in China and sent, by way of the Philippines, to San Francisco. The legajo yielded thirty- eight items for the Catalogue. — NPC 53. Legajo 104-5-24. Espedientes e instancias de partes. Anos 1777 d 1789. A second legajo is for 1790 and 1791. Although legajo 104-5-24 has the same title as the already described legajo 104-2-13, which it resembles in kind, it proved unexpectedly rich in materials for the Department of San Bias, the greater part of the legajo relating to that department. Most of the documents have the usual de partes character of referring to individuals, such as the remittances of sums by officials of San Bias to their families in Spain, or promotions of officials, or, in the present instance, charges against them on the ground of their operating a gambling establishment, but there are some expedientes of a general character. Most important of the entered material of a gen- eral nature is an expediente of 1777 about a proposal to move the De- partment of San Bias to Matanchel or Chacala. Among material not entered was an expediente of 1788, about two hundred pages long, concerning the causes of the economic decline in the province of Du- raugo. Fifty-five items were entered. — NPC 54. Legajo 104-6-7. Expediente sobre la imposicion y cobro de tri- butos en la Provincia de Sonora y otras. Anos 1776. This legajo in fact deals almost wholly with the collection of the royal tributes from the Indians of Sinaloa, rather than from those of Sonora. Four docu- ments were entered because of their reference to general laws applying the tributes in all parts of New Spain. — NPC DESCRIPTION OF LEGAJOS 33 55. Legajo 104-6-8. Patentes y Nombramtos. militares. Anos 1699 a 1804- This is both a very important and an exceedingly well-ordered legajo, covering appointments to military positions in the frontier provinces for the years given above. The material is arranged in sepa- rate folders by presidios or posts, with a statement of the inclusive dates of the appointments. The file is fairly complete, one officer usually succeeding a predecessor whose prior appointment appears in the lega:jo.^^ The appointments are for commanders of the particular post, although a few officials of lower grade appear. Entry was made of 353 items according to the scheme of the Catalogue. The list itself of the military posts, with the inclusive dates of appointments, is a matter of importance, and it is therefore inserted below, just as it ap- peared on the covers of the various folders. Those marked with a double asterisk were entered in entirety; those with a single asterisk, to 1781; the others were not entered at all. Where the inclusive dates are inac- curate, they are corrected, in brackets, before or after the given dates, as the case may be. — NPC Post Years 1. **Presidio de la Bahia del Espiritu Santo 1731^1783 [1799] 2. *Presidio de Sn. Juan Baupta del Rio Grande 1709-1784 [1803] 3. **Presidio del Paso del Rio del Norte 1699-1782 [1803] 4. Presidio de Sn. Felipe y Santiago de Janos 1734-1782 [1803] 5. *Presidio Sta. Gertrudis del Altar 1778-1784 ]1796] 6. Presidio de Sn. Buenaventura 1774-1785 [1803] 7. **Presidio de Sn. Diego en Californias 1782- [1800] 8. Presidio Santiago de Mapimi 1731-1738 9. Presidio del Sacramento 1738 10. **Presidio de Nra. Sra. de Loreto en las Californias 1746-1782 [1800] ir. **Presidio de Sn. Antonio de Vejar 1731-1782 [1803] 12. Presidio de Nayarit 1731- [1769] 13. **Presidio de Sn. Felipe de Jesus de Guevabi en Si- naloa 1747 14. **Presidio de Sn. Pedro de Gracia Rl. 6 Guevavi. . . 1746 15. **Presidio de Sn. Franco, en las Californias 1782 [1802] 16. **Presidio de Sta. Barbara en Californias 1782- [1802] 17. *Presidio de Terrenate en la frontera de Sonora — 1755-1775 18. *Presidio de Sn. Bernardino en Sonora 1776-1778 [1794] 19. **Presidio de Sn. Eleceario 1778- [1799] 20. **Sn. Bias de Californias 1789- [1800] 21. *Presidio de Nra. Sra. de la Concepcion de la Mon- cloba 1733-1783 [1803] " The legajo appears to have been in the file of the Contadurla General; the appointnients are copies of the duplicate forwarded to it, the remitting letters to it are originals, and the Contadurla replies are drafts. 34 THE HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIETT 22. **Presidio de Tubac. 1767 23. **Milicias de Cavra. de las Fronteras de Sierra Gorda [1794] 24. Presidio del Principe 1778-1784 [1804] 25. **Villa de Laredo 1789 26. Presidio Sn. Pedro del Gallo 1746 27. Presidio de Sn. Gregorio de Zerralvo, en el No. Ro. de Leon 1735 28. **Pre8idios Internos . . . Nueva Espana • . . . Comandtes.— Ynspectores 1772-1785 [1803] 29. Nueva Espa. Cohahuila . . . Cirujano Militar 1793- [1796] 30. Provas. Internas . . . Ofics. de Caballeria. . . . [1786-1788] 31. N. E. Provincias Internas Retiros [1791] 32. N.E. Provincias Internas . Ofizs. sin de- nominon. de Cuerpo 1787- [1790] 33. ♦*Tubac Compania de Yndios Pimas [1801] 34. **N.E. Sn. Rafael de Buena-vista Compafiia de Yndios Pimas [1789] 35. **Presidio de Sn. Carlos de Monterrey 1777-1783 [1802] 36. Presidio de Sn. Carlos de Buena Vista 1774r-1784 [1803] 37. *Presidio Sn. Miguel de Zerrogordo 6 San Carlos.. 1731- [1801] 38. **Pre8idio de Sn. Sabds 1777-1782 39. Presidio de Sta. Rosa de Aguaverde 1729-1778 [1804] 40. N.E. Presidio de Guajoquilla 1774S8-2 [1804 41. *Pre8idio de Sn. Fernando del Carrizal 177417 [1803] 42. *Pre8idio de Orcasistas 1778-178[[1794] 43. **Pre8idio de Sn. Agustin de Tugson 1776-17831804]] 44. •♦Presidio de Sta. Fee del Nuevo Mexico 1778-1783 1803] 45. **Pre8idio de Sta. Cruz 1776-1785 [ 46. ♦Presidio Sn. Bemno. de Fronteras 1782-[1802] 47. Compa. de Opatas de Bacoachi, y Babispe [1783-1802] 1802] 48. N.E. Presidio de Sn. Antonio de la Babia 1774r-1785 [ 49. Compa. Volante de la Nueva Vizcaya 1731-1804 50. Compa. Volante del Saltillo 1784- [1785] 61. Chiguagua Compa. Volante [1778-1784] 52. Nuevo Santander 1789-[1802] 63. **Compa. Volante de Monterrey [1788-1793] 64. Sn. Teodoro de Conchos 1789 55. Compa. Volante de Sn. Carlos de Parras 1784-1802 56. Compania Volante de Sn. Juan Bautista de Lam- pazos 1791 -1802 57. Compa. Volante de las Provas. Internas de N.E. . . [1699] -1785 68. Companias f rancas de Voluntarios de las Provincs. Internas de N.E [1788] -1800 66. Legajo 104-6-9. Asuntos de Guerra. Anos 1752 d 1769. The title of this legajo comes from a thirty-two page expediente of four docu- ments for the year 1769, dealing with the Sonora campaign. This was DESCRIPTION OF LEGAJOS 35 the only material catalogued. The principal contend of the legajo is a number of testimonios, five of them bulking large, stated as having been found (presumably by those who made up the legajo) without the letters with which originally they were enclosed. They are papers in certain lawsuits, and are asuntos de guerra only in that military men were the judges.— NPC 57. Legajo 104-6-12. Fortificaciones, Pertrechos de Guerra, Situ- ados de tropa y sus Yncidencias. Anos 1763 d 1787. This is a small legajo, mainly composed of expedientes arising from the petitions of military men for promotion. There are a few documents also about the movement of troops. Nothing was entered. — NPC 58. Legajos 104-6-13 to 23. Fortificaciones, Pertrechos de Guerra, Situados de Tropa y Provisiones de Empleos de las Provincias Ynternas. Anos 1760 a 1832. After an investigation of the similarly-named sets already described in sections 16 and 57 had revealed little of value for the Catalogue not much was expected of this series of eleven legajos. The surprise and exhilarating joy experienced by the writer may well be imagined when he discovered, not only that it was very rich, but also that it was by far the most important group of materials for the purposes of the Catalogue of all that he had found during his stay in Seville — and no others approaching it in wealth were later encountered. Two of the legajos, 104-6-21 and 104-6-23, do indeed resemble those in sections 16 and 57, in that they are mostly concerned with routine matters, such as petitions for promotion and remittances of funds, par- ticularly by San Bias officials, to their families in Spain. Two others, legajos 104-6-20 and 104-6-22, while of more than ordinary impor- tance, do not equal the first seven legajos of the set in the superlativeness of their value. xj^^c^oh Libmry The inclusive dates given are misleading, in that there is nothing in the set of later date than 1787, except one two-page expediente of 1832. For the years 1760 to 1787, but more particularly from 1766 to 1781, one of the most active periods in the entire history of the region usu- ally designated the Provincias Internas, the legajos furnish nearly com- plete files of the official materials bearing upon the military affairs of the frontier and the Spanish projects for further conquest, especially so far as they relate to the northwestward advance toward "and into Alta California. To single out the important items would involve a greater use of space than is intended in this portion of the Catalogue, but the following are some of the topics that are represented here with more than ordinary completeness: some of the most valuable papers of the 36 THE HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW Rubl inspection from 1766 to 1768, although the Rubf testimonios are in legajos 103-4-15 and 16; English attemps at settlement and illicit trade in Texas and along the east coast of northern New Spain during the years preceding the outbreak of the American Revolution; numer- ous expedientes about wars against the Seris and Pimas in Sonora, against the Apaches along the frontier from Sonora to Texas, and some against the Taramaures in Nueva Vizcaya and theComanchesinNew Mexico; various expedientes about the work of Jos^ de Gdlvez with rela- tion to the founding of the Department of San Bias and the expeditions of 1769 to Alta California, and his activities in Baja California and Sonora, although there is more on these points in legajos 104-3-2 and 3 than here; a great many expedientes about the progress of Alta Cali- fornia, during the years covered by the legajos, in the founding of pre- sidios, missions, and pueblos, the conversions of natives, the various phases of economic development, and the growth of the Spanish popu- lation; numerous expedientes about the supply ships sailing from San Bias to the Californias, and about the affairs of the Department of San Bias in general; the voyages of discovery to the northwest coast, although there is more on this subject in several of the Estado group of legajos; numerous expedientes about the division of the Californias, as mission fields, between the Dominicans and Franciscans of the Col- lege of San Fernando, with much material as to the progress of Baja California in the Dominican period ; the internal development of Sonora, with much about the advancement resulting from the discoveries of precious metals at Cieneguilla and elsewhere; numerous expedientes about the work of Hugo Oconor and others in establishing the line of frontier presidios, and about the reviews of presidios in every province of the frontier, from the two Californias to Texas; detailed accounts, with diaries and official letters, about the important journeys and expe- ditions of exploration by land during the period, including, among others, the various Carets journeys, the two Anza expeditions to Alta Cahfornia, the two Rivera expeditions to the same province, the Veldzquez expedition from Baja Cahfornia to the mouth of the Colo- rado River, the Fages and Rivera expeditions to San Francisco Bay, the Mora visita in Baja California, and the Domfnguez and Escalante expedition from New Mexico to Utah; a five hundred page expediente, which might have been expected to appear elsewhere, about the Berro- terdn explorations of the Rio Grande in 1729 and 1738, and the Rdbago campaigns against the Apaches in Coahuila from 1747 to 1749; various expedientes concerning the forming of reglamentos for the government DESCRIPTION or LEGAJOS 37 of the Calif ornias; expedientes illustrating the difficulties in the way of the adjustment of the Provincias Internas to their separate status from the viceroyalty, in particular with regard to the problems of northward advance; numerous expedientes about the projects for occupation of the Gila-Colorado country, the founding of settlements at the junction of the two rivers, and the Yuma disaster of 1781; the voluminous reports of Oconor, Croix, Neve, and others, about the state of affairs in the Provincias Internas, although the three of Croix 1-eferred to in the de- scription of legajo 103-3-24 are missing here; numerous ultimas noti- cias (latest news) letters, giving summaries of recent happenings in some or all of the frontier provinces; and various other topics which some might deem comparable in interest to those that have just been named. Not only in subject-matter, but also in orderliness of arrangement and in the technical value of the papers, this set ranks with the best in the archives. The papers seem never to have been used since they were filed, a century before, for the expediente groups within the legajos were like so many pieces of wood in their unbending and resonant solidity.^^ After being worked over for a few seconds they miraculously became folds of paper, and the legajos by actual measurement, were over an inch higher when packed down and tied up again than they were when the papers were first opened. Nearly all of the documents are the originals of the viceroys, comandantes generates., and some others to the ministro general in Spain, enclosing certified copies, with drafts of the replies of the ministros generates. Unfortunately, this set was discovered by the writer near the end of his stay in Seville, when both time and funds were running out. It was therefore catalogued on the basis of its relation to the history of Alta California and the approaches thereto, and then a second campaign of listing began, with the object of entering all items not included the first time. In this way legajos 104-6-13 to 17 were catalogued in en- ^^ Senor Torres Lanzas had previously looked through the legajos for some of the maps which appeared i^ his Relation descriptiva de los mapas, pianos, & [!] de Mexico y Floridas, existentes en el Archivo General de Indias (2 v. Se villa, 1900), but he merely glanced at the edges of the expedientes, and, if he saw no map (for they are usually discernible), did not open the file. Both he and the late Senor Verger expressed their belief that nobody else had used this set — but the condi- tion of the expedientes is proof enough in itself that none of them had been opened except the few examined by Senor Torres Lanzas. Shepherd sensed their value, for he mentions the set (see his Guide to the Materials for the History of the United States in Spanish Archives, Washington, 1907, p. 67). 38 THE HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW tirety.' The number of items entered in each legajo, with their total of 2,327 documents, is shown below. The omissions may in a measure be made good by a reference here to outstanding items, but they are in any event of less consequence than might have been expected, since legajos 104-6-18 and 19 are predominantly Alta Californian, and there- fore most of the documents in them were catalogued, while legajos 104-6-21 and 23 are of Httle value, and 104-6-20 and 22 are less strikingly important than the first seven legajos of the set. Legajo No. of Items Legajo No. of Items 104-6-13 220 104-6-20 70 104^6-14 392 104-6-21 37 104r6-15 286 104-6-22 181 104-6-16 340 104r-6-23 27 104r^-17 421 104-6-18 244 Total 2,327 104-6-19 109 Much of the materials in the unentered expedientes has already been indicated in the general description of the contents of the set. The following are some of the more noteworthy expedientes that were not catalogued : a considerable expediente about the visit of Governor Anza of New Mexico to the land of the Moquis, whom he found in a state of great misery (legajo 104-6-19) ; an expediente of about a thousand pages concerning the removal of Captain Rafael Martfnez Pacheco from the command at Babia, Coahuila (legajo 104-6-20) ; an expediente contain- ing the reviews of Texas presidios in 1782 (legajo 104-6-20) ; and two expedientes, composing half a legajo concerning the militia of Parras (legajo 1 04-6-21). 2"— NPC 59. Legajo 104-6-24. Espedientes sobre instalacidn, Trastocion [Traslaci6n\ y Reglamento de Presidios Ynternos. Afios 1779 a 1782. The twenty-one items of this valuable legajo were all entered. While most of the documents appear in other legajos, the general idea con- veyed in the above title is nowhere so well represented as here. All the documents are for the years 1779 and 1780, except the printed in- structions of 1771 and 1772 for a line of frontier presidios and a Gdlvez letter of 1782. Worthy of special note is a bulky summary (noted in the Catalogue at item number 4,082, paragraph three) covering not only Croix's letters catalogued as 4,082, 4,149, and 4,150, which are in the legajo, but also his letters numbered 396 and 450 (both absent and 28 Many copies have since been procured for the Bancroft Library. DESCRIPTION OF LEGAJOS 39 not catalogued) and another, which is in a different legajo, entered as 4,151.— NPC 60. Legajo 104-7-6. Espedientes del Comercio de San Bias de Cali- fornia con Panama. Anos 1789 a 1818. The whole legajo forms a single expediente, which is subdivided into twenty-three subordinate expedientes. The principal idea involved is that of the continual com- plaints of the merchants of Vera Cruz against the grant to Panamd of a right to trade freely with neighboring colonies, and, among other places, with the port of San Bias. Only those expedientes bearing upon the commerce of San Bias were entered, but that port is dealt with in all of them, except part one of number 2, and numbers 14 to 16, 18 to 21, and 23. The number of items entered was 104. The uncata- logued expedientes treat of the following matters : the commercial rela- tions of Vera Cruz with Havana, Tampico, and Campeche; the com- plaints of the casa de moneda of Mexico, because silver was not being brought there for coining; and appointments to the new customs house at Tampico, and the regulations concerning it. Much of this type of material appears also in some of the entered items of the expedientes catalogued. Most of the documents are for the period of the Spanish American revolutions, which, in the case of San Bias, made communi- cation with Panamd a necessity, since it was not possible with Vera Cruz.— NPC 61. Legajo 104-7-8. Eclesiastico. Consultas, Decretos y Provi- siones eclesiasticas. Anos 1797 d 1807. This is the middle of three legajos so entitled, the inclusive dates of the set being 1700 to 1821. The dates of this legajo are not accurate, as there are a number of expedientes for the years preceding 1797, especially from 1786 to 1796. Most of the documents concern ecclesiastical appointments, such as to the office of canon, dean, or treasurer of a cathedral, but there are many that are more general in character, all dealing with the secular branch of the clergy, except where the regulars were serving as priests and were subject, in a measure, to a bishop. None of the documents bear specifically on regions now within the United States, and no en- tries, therefore, were made, but much of the material came near to a right of entry. The following of this type may be noted: an expedi- ente of about three hundred pages concerning the erection of the bishop- ric of Nuevo Leon, involving also the province of Nuevo Santailder, with documents for the years 1774 to 1797; and several expedientes on the question whether soldiers of the Provincias Internas ought to pay tithes.— NPC 40 THE HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW 62. Legajo 104-7-33. Eclesiastico. Espedte. sohre erecciondel ohis- pado de Sonora y su establedmiento. Anos 1776 a 1787. This legajo bears the marks of usage, though not of copying, in that it is in utter disorder. Originally, the documents formed a single expediente and they have been brought together in cataloguing, though not as they must once have been filed. They deal, not only with the erection of the bishopric of Sonora, but also with the establishment of the custodias of San Gabriel (Alta California), Sonora, Nueva Vizcaya, and New Mexico. The plans for these institutions take up most of the legajo, while the later material deals almost wholly with Sonora and its north- ernmost district, Pimeria Alta. By far the greater number of the docu- ments serve to illustrate the machinery involved in the execution of these projects, from their proposal by Antonio de los Reyes, the later bishop, to their authorization by the pope and enactment into law. The Reyes plan (3,317), the Revilla Gigedo history of the custodias (5,436), and the Barbastro statistical account of the custodia of San Carlos, or Sonora (5,493), are perhaps the principal items of the legajo. All but a few of the documents were entered, yielding 117 items. — NPC 63. Legajo 105-1-24. Eclesiastico. Ereccion y Estatuto para los Misioneros en las Provincias Ynternas. Anos 177 J^. This covers the same subject-matter as legajo 104-7-33, part of the material of which it duplicates, but it is almost wholly concerned with the erection of the four custodias. The documents of legajos 104-7-33 seem to have been the file of the ministro general, while those of legajo 105-1-24 were prob- ably that of the Council of the Indies. This legajo is in good order, and omits many of the purely routine documents that appear in legajo 104-7-33. It is wrongly dated, for there are materials of other years than 1774; in fact, perhaps the greater part of the legajo is for 1779 to 1782. While most of the legajo is an outgrowth of the Reyes plans for custodias, there is one expediente for 1796 and 1797, about Indian affairs in Nueva Vizcaya, that is somewhat remote from the principal idea of the legajo. This expediente was not entered, leaving a total of sixty items that were catalogued. — NPC 64. Legajo 105-1-25. Eclesiastico. Espedientes de Misiones. Anos 1768 a 1819. The dates given are misleading, since the legajo is almost wholly for the years 1788 to 1810. It contains much useful material for the two Californias, to which more than half of the legajo is devoted, in fairly equal amounts for each of the two provinces. Fourteen expe- dientes, containing seventy-eight items, were entered. The following are some of the matters taken up : an expediente of over three hundred DESCRIPTION OF LEG A JOS 41 pages, dated 1768 to 1797, about the grant of missions in Baja California to the Dominicans; various expedientes about the sending of Dominican missionaries from Spain, involving the question how much the govern- ment should allow them for expenses; two expedientes, 1788 to 1792, about the mutual complaints of the governor and the president of the missions in Alta California; and an expediente of 1789, concerning the steps taken for founding new missions in the two Californias. — NPC Charles E. Chapman.