■ PI Pi I Itiiui^ hi H r~-.. Or 1 A CENTURY OF POPULATIOiN GROWTH 1790-1900 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR BUREAU OF THE CENSUS S. N. D. NORTH, DIRECTOR A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH FROM THE FIRST CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES TO THE TWELFTH 1790-1900 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1909 ^e"f LIBRARY n . UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA n^ SANTA BARBAIiA A5- CONTENTS. Page. Introduction 1 1. POPULATION IN THE COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL PERIODS 3 Cen-sus procedure in colonial and continental periodH — Population prior to 1790 — Recent estimatee of early population — Population of cities — Changes in urban population, 1710-1900. II. THE UNITED STATES IN 1790 16 Boundaries and area^Currency — Transportation — The postal serv- ice — Industries — Education — Newspapers and periodicals — Slav- ery — Indians. III. THE FIRST CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES 42 The First Census act — Debates in the Congress — Provisions of the act — Execution of the law — The enumeration — The returns — The enu- merators' schedules. IV. AREA AND TOTAL POPULATION 51 Area — Population — Population by areas of enumeration — By states and territories — Density of population. V. POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND THEIR SUBDIVISIONS 60 County areas made comparable — Population of minor civil divisions — Names of towns not returned separately at the First Census — Popu- lation of cities. VI. WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION 80 Sur\'ivors of 1790 — Whites and negroes in total population — In four principal cities — Comparison of increase in the United States and Europe — Increase by immigration — Natural increase — Of whites — Of negroes — Summary. VII. SEX AND AGE OF THE WHITE POPULATION 93 Decrease in proportion of males — In proportion of each sex under 16 years — Influence of immigration — Of modern sanitary science. VII 1 ANALYSIS OP THE FAMILY 96 Average size of private famiUes — Slaveholding and nouslaveholding families — Proportion of children — Dwellings. IX. PROPORTION OF CHILDREN IN WHITE POPUL.\TION 103 Ratio of white adults of self-supporting age to white children — Of while children to adult white females — Effect of changes in the proportion of children. X. SURNAMES OF THE WHITE POPULATION IN 1790 Ill Approximate number — Nomenclature — Preponderance of English and Scotch names — Unusual i'.n' of birth: 1850 to 1900 226 Table 111. — Nomenclature, dealing with names represented by at least 100 white persons, by states and territories, at the First Census: 1790 227 'Rtble 112. — White population, classified according to nationality as indicated by names of heads of families, by counties: 1790. . 271 Table 113. — Number of white families, slaveholding and nonslaveholding, classified according to nationality as indicated by name of head, together with the number of white persons and of xlavcs reported for such families, by states and territories: 1790 274 Table 114. — Number of families reported at the First Census, classified as slaveholding and nonslaveholding, white, and free colored, together with the total and average number of slaves, by counties and minor ci\nl divisions: 1790 276 Tstble 115. — Slaveholding families, classified according to number of slaves held, by counties and minor civil divisions: 1790 292 MAPS, DIAGRAMS, AND ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. A new map of North America Bhowing all the new discoveries: 1797 Frontispiece. Map of Boston, with its environs facing. . 8 Map of New Yurk I , with the adjacent rock and other remarkable parts of Hell-Gate facing. . 10 Map showing plan of the city of New York facing. . 12 Map showing jilan of the city and suburbs of Philadelphia facing. . 14 Map of the northern part of the United States of America facing. . 16 Maj) showing inhabited area in United States in 1790 18 Map of the southern parts of the United States facing. . 20 Map showing post offices in the United States: 1790 '■ 24 Map showing location of Indian tribes: 1790 38 Map showing changes in area for one hundred and ten years 52, 53 Map of states showing density, in 1900, less than average for United States in 1790 58 Map showing changes in county lines: 1790 and 1900 61-70 Map of counties of unchanged area, in area enumerated in 1790, which had less population in 1900 than at some previous census since 1850 72 Majis showing distribution of different nationalities in 1790, bj^ states 122 Map showing states holding slaves: 1790 132 Diagram 1 . — Population of the principal cities of the United States before 1790 12 Diagram 2. — Per cent of total population of United States in cities of 8,000 population and over 14 Diagram 3. — Per cent of increase in population by decades from 1650 to 1900 57 Diagram 4. — Increase in density in original and added area: 1790 to 1900 59 Diagram 5. — Increase of total population and of white and negro population: 1790 to 1900 81 Diagram 6. — White and colored in the total population of the original and added area 83 Diagram 7. — Comparison in area of cities 84 Diagram 8, — Change in average size of families: 1790 to 1900 97 Diagram 9. — Ratio of white adults of self-supporting age to white children under 16 years 104 Diagram 10. — Proportion of total population formed by nationalities: 1790 117 Diagram 11. — Distribution of population of states according to nationality: 1790 118 Diagram 12. — Foreign bom population of area enumerated in 1790 and of added area: 1850 to 1900 129 Schedules of the First and Second censuses facing. . 46 (viii) LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR, Bureau of tue Census, Washington, D. C, April 15, 1909. Sir: In accordance with an act of Congress passed in 1903, the Department of the Interior transferred to the custody of the Director of the Census the records relating to the successive censuses of the United States. Among these records were the original schedules of the First Census for 11 of the 17 states and territories comprised in the United Stiitcs in 1790. The schedules of the First Census were prepared by underpaid assistant marshals, who furnished their own stationery, and naturally gave no thought to the permanent jjreservation of tlie inanuscript, which to them merely represented the fulfilling of their task. In consequence, after the lapse of more than a century, the remaining schedules of the First Census show evidences of serious deterioration. This has been increased by the wear and tear resulting from frequent use for reference. The states for which the schedules still exist are Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Coimecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Jlaryland, North Carolina, and South Carolina. The states and territories for which the schedules are lacking are New Jersey, Dcliiwaro, A'irginia, Georgia, Kentucky, and the Southwest Territory (Tennessee). It is possible that some of the missing schedules were never in the custody of the Federal Government ; others doubtless were obtained during the fii-st half of the nineteenth century, and were either destroyed during the invasion of Washington by the British or in the Patent Office fire, which subsequcnth' occurred, or were lost or mislaid during a period when the Fetlcral records did not receive the intelligent care now accorded them. In order permanently to preserve the valuable but vanishing census records which still remain, relating to the fii-st year of constitutional government, and in resjjonse to urgent requests from many patriotic societies and public-spirited individuals. Congress authorized, in the sundry civil appropriation bill for the fiscal year 1907, the publication, by the Director of the Census, of the names of heads of families returned at the First Census. The Director was instructed to sell these publications at such price as in his opinion was just, and to report to Congress the proceeds. In accordance with the authority thus granted (and subsequently renewed), as the resources available for the printing requirements of the Bureau of the Census permitted, the Director of (he Census published, from time to time during the succeeding year and a half, a part, or volume, for each of the states for which the schedules are in existence. For Virginia it was found that partial returns were available from the state emmierations of 1782, 1783, 1784, and 178.5. These lists, which comprise most of the names of heads of families for nearly half of the state, were therefore included as a part, or volume, uniform with the returns of the Federal census for the other states. After the publication of these volumes, the sale of which had been considerable, it became evident that this unique series (which is not included among tiie regular publications of the Cerusus) would not be complete without a final section, or volume, discussing the historical aspects of the First Census and presenting such statistics as could be compiled from the lunitcd returns of the first enumeration of the population. The results of the First Census were originally published in sununarized form in a small volume, and it was recalled that no attempt had ever been made to present returns of that census in full detail, nor had the Federal Census Office ever attempted to analyze the returns, or to compare theni with the corresponding figures at later censuses. The Director accordingly assigned to Mr. W. S. Rossiter, chief clerk of the Census, the task of compiling a report which should meet the requirements above noted. The results are embodied in the following pages. Systematic inspection and analysis of the returns of the First Census revealed the fact that some of the tabulations would result in the presentation of figures basic in their relation to statistical science. Other statistical information proved to bo available — in some instances easily deducible from the returns of the First Census, and in others resulting from assumptions believed to be justifiable, and for which the reasons (ix) X LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. are fully stated. A second and perhaps more important series of tables resulted from an inspection of the names of the heads of families at the First Census. The tables thus secured present many facts — with respect to both nomenclature and nationality — that are of great interest to persons descended from the population enumerated in 1790. It is also hoped that this publication will prove of equal interest to those who have not the personal interest resulting from the enumeration of their ancestors at the First Census. In these pages will be found tabular anal3'sis and discussion indicating the two great streams of population which have united to form the population of the Republic at the beginning of the twentieth century. As work on tliis pubUcation progressed it became evident that the scope had broadened and that it should constitute a review of the growtii of the j^opuhition during the century of census taking. Some changes were made, therefore, in the form of presentation and the volume thus became more general in character than was first intended. Acknowledgment is made of the faithful and efficient work of Miss Martha W. Williams in the construction of tables, of I\Iiss Joyce Lee in the formation of tables and in criticism, and of Mr. Charles P. Smith in extended historical research and criticism. I desire also to make gratefiil acknowledgment of the valuable assistance rendered this Office by Mr. William Nelson, secretary of the Historical Society of New Jersey, in clearing up many doubtful points in connection with a state for which no census returns exist; by Mr. Joseph Fornance, president, Historical Society of Montgomery county. Pa. ; by Judge Harman Ycrkes, Doylestown, Bucks county. Pa.; by Thomas L. Montgomery, state Hbrarian, Harrisburg, Pa. ; by Mr. Boyd Crumrinc, Washington county, Pa.; by Rev. Horace Edw. Haj^den, corresponding secretary and librarian, Wyoming Historical and Geological Society, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. ; and of assistance in the preparation of the lists of minor civil divisions at the date of the First Census, rendered by Mr. William G. Stanard, corresponding secretary and librarian of the Virginia Historical Society; by Prof. Charles Lee Raper, president of the Historical Society of North Carolina; by Mr. Robert T. Quarles, state archivist of Tennessee; by Mrs. Jennie C. Morton, secretary of the Kentucky State Historical Society; by ^Ir. Henry C. Conrad, president of the Historical Society of Delaware;, and by ilr. Richard H. Spencer, corresponding secretary of the Maryland Historical Society. Very respectfully. Hon. Charles Nagel, Secretary of Commerce and Labor. A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH= FROM THE FIRST TO THE TWELFTH CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES: 1790-1900. By W. S. RossiTER, Chief Clerk of the Bureau of the Census. INTRODUCTION. The results of a modern census have been accu- rately defined as a national account of stock. Early censuses were merely counts of inhabitants; addi- tional facts relating to population were next secured; and the most recent step in census taking, especially in the United States, has been to include practical^ all hues of human acti\'ity. The modern census is thus the result of evolution. In tliis evolution, however, civihzed nations have not advanced equally. A decided and rather significant difference of opinion exists as to the practical value of census taking. Some nations attach great importance to statistics, and take accurate and detailed censuses at frequent and regular intervals ; others manifest httlo interest, and make their enumerations at irregular in- tervals, with the result that such statistics as are ob- tained are neither comparable nor satisfactory'. The attitude of a nation toward a census is largely the result of education. A considerable element in every community fails to perceive the influence ex- erted by statistics upon legislation, and even morals; and it is only when a sufficient number of the citizens of a country have become educated to the value of accurate statistical information, either by their own national recfuirements or by observation of valuable results wliich have followed census talcing in other countries, that periodic enumerations of population are instituted. It does not always happen, however, that nations composed of highly educated, methodical, ami busincsshke communities reach the greatest perfec- tion in census taking, and obtain the most accurate and illuminating statistics. The marked differences in the attitude of commu- nities toward the systematic collection of statistics are well illustrated by the various states of the United States. Some maintain statistical bureaus and take a state census for the quin([uennial year in each dec- ade, while others depend entirely upon the Federal census for such statistical information as they require. Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and New York have taken state censuses for many years ; certain neighbor- ing states, as Connecticut and . Pennsylvania, have never done so. At the present time the state censuses of Massachusetts and Rhode Island are elaborate, scientific, and accurate, and in some of their details surpass the Federal census. Although eleven other states ' make an interccnsal enumeration, with vary- ing degrees of accuracy and detail, no other state ap- proaches these two in the amount and variety of in- formation secured. In view of the great importance to wliich statistical science has attained in nearly all civihzed nations at the present time, it is interesting to note that the prac- tice of making periodic censuses, or enumerations, of population is of comparatively recent origin. Except in Sweden (where a count of inhabitants has been made at stated inter^^als since the middle of the eighteenth century), accm-ate and periodic enumerations of popu- lation were practically unknown, ahke upon the conti- nent of Europe and in the British Isles, until the nine- teenth century.^ In both France and Great Britain, the fii-st census was taken in 1801. It is probable, in view of the su- premacy of Napoleon at that time, that in France the motive for making an enimaeration was principally to determine the military resources of the French nation. In Great Britain, however, while the census was in some degree the result of a demand for definite infor- mation of value to the military authorities, it was also the result of the great interest in the study of statistics aroused by the results of important economic researches described in publications that had appeared toward the ' Florida, Iowa, Kansaii, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, North Itakota, Oregon, South I'akota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. - " We know also that the three Scandinavian lountrie.-f ha\ e been makins; enumerations e\er since those of 1750 and I7G9; that the United States of America, which begsin the series of their decennial enumerations in 1790, also preceded France in this respect; and that England commenced these enumerations the same year as France. Other nations have followed the example little by little, and the subject-matter has increased. There are only a very small number of civilized countries which do not undertake at a fixed time, or which have not undertaken at least once, the enumeration of their population; and almost all, in Europe at least, publish the statements of the movement of their population. We recall that the first census having a really scientific characler is that of Belgium in 1846, and that it is due in large measure to Quetclet and Ueusch- ling. The first census of the same kind taken in Germany is that of 1871." Levasseur, La Population Franfaise, to/. J, page i'9-'. (1) A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. close of the eighteenth century. The most important of these were Adam Smith's Inquiry into the Nature and Sources of the Wealth of Nations, which appeared in 1776, and Malthus's Essay on the Principle of Pop- ulation, wliich appeared in 1798. These two books raised new problems as to the increase or decrease in wealth and in population, which could not be intelU- gently discussed without the aid of accurate statistics. The enumerations of 1801 in France and Great Brit- ain imdoubtcdly formed an object lesson to the other nations of Europe and served to turn their attention to the importance of obtaining precise statistical in- formation. There were also other factors at work. The beginning of the nineteenth centmy was marked by extraordinary military activity; changes in the boimdaries of countries resulted, and consequently great changes in national population — on the one hand by loss through war, and on the other by gain through the acquisition of new territory. States- men began to appreciate the value of having defi- nite information concerning mihtary strength and national resources. Moreover, the marked increase in population and the industrial awakening which were concurrent early in the century made the estimates with wliich previous generations had been content in- creasingly unreliable. As all these factors operated over a large area, it is not surprising that several coun- tries entered upon an era of census taking at nearly the Bame period. The dates at which various European countries made the first complete enumeration of their in- habitants were as follows: Sweden 1749 Spain 1798 France 1801 Great Britain 1801 Prussia 1810 Norway 1815 Saxony 1815 Baden 1816 Austria 1818 Bavaria 1818 Greece 1836 Switzerland 1860 Italy 1861 Russia 1897 The first census of the entire United States was taken in 1790, or nearly ten years before the first census in any European country, except Sweden. Because of this fact the United States has received much credit. The French statistician, Moreau de Jonnes, declared that the United States presents a phenomenon without a parallel in history — " that of a people who instituted the statistics of their country on the very day when they founded their government, and who regulated by the same instrument the census of inhabitants, their civil and political rights, and the destinies of the nation." Against such a position, it has frequently been claimed that the United States did not undertake a systematic periodic enumeration with a deliberate statistical purpose; that, on the contrary, the statis- tical results of Federal census taking were merely a by-product of an enumeration of population provided for in the Constitution for purposes of apportionment, as a prerequisite to representative government. From this, it is claimed, resulted the statistics of population wliich accidentally placed the United States in the position of having led the way in the most impor- tant economic evolution of the age — periodic census taking. While there is an element of tnith in this conten- tion, it is significant that several of the states compos- ing the young Republic had formed the habit of making frequent enumerations of their inhabitants during their existence as colonies. It is probable that none of these enumerations was made for purposes of apportionment. At many of them the information secured was as full as at the first Federal census, and at several the sta- tistics obtained were far more complete and significant. It was reasonable to expect, therefore, that considera- tion of the earlier censuses taken in America should lead the representatives of the states in the Con- stitutional Convention of 1787 to incorporate in the organic law of the nation a requirement for a periodic census. It was equally consistent that the members of the First Congress, in providing for the first Federal enumeration, influenced by the earlier practice of census taking, should require more than the mere count of inliabitants specified by the Constitution. James Madison, who was instnimental in securing the expansion of census inquiry under the first act from a mere count of inhabitants to a schedule covering name of head of family, two age groups of white males, and freedom or servitude of the colored population, was an influential member of the Constitutional Con- vention, and the author of the Madison papers, which are accepted as the most authoritative record of the deliberations of that convention. It is reasonable to suppose that the enlightened and statesmanlike posi- tion assumed by Mr. Madison in the congressional debates upon the First Census act reflected convic- tions held and possibly expressed by him during the deliberations of the Constitutional Convention. The influence of pre-Constitutional censuses upon the subsequent statistical history of the United States is a subject that hitherto has received but little con- sideration. So far as the present Census authorities are aware, the subject has never been discussed in the report of any census except that of 1850. In view of their peculiar historical significance, and their evident influence and bearing upon the beginnings of census taking in the United States, it is believed that a dis- cussion of pre-Constitutional enumerations, with re- productions of all the authentic returns of such enumerations, forms a fitting introduction to a dis- cussion of the history and statistics of the fii-st Federal census, and the growth of national population. POPULATION IN THE COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL PERIODS. CENSUS PROCEDURE IN COLONIAL AND CONThVENTAL PERIODS— POPU- LATION PRIOR TO 1790— RECENT ESTIMATES OF E.MiLY POPULATION- POPULATION OF CITIES— CHANGES IN URBAN POPULATION 1710 TO 1900. Enumerations of population, more or less accurate, were made in nearly all the Northern colonies during the Colonial period, and several of the states took one or more censuses durhig the Continental period. Nearly all of these enumerations were more than a simple numbering of the people; in some instances, tlie inhabitants were classified b}' race, sex, age, and marital condition. Colonial period (prior to 1774)- — Most of the enu- merations of the Colonial period were made at the instance of the British Board of Trade — wliich at this period exercised man}' of the functions now vested in a colonial office — in order to obtain information which would be of value in the administration of the affairs of the colonies. Thus, in a sense, the British Board of Trade was the originator of census taking in America. These enumerations were made under the imme- diate supervision of the colonial governors, by sheriffs, justices of tlie peace, and other county or town officers. No enumeration embracing all the colonies was ever made, and in some of the colonies no accurate count of population occurred during the entire Colonial period. At times the board experienced great diffi- culty in getting the information desired. Its demands were often but partially complied with by tlie colonies, were sometimes entirely ignored, and were gener- ally a source of friction. In consequence, the pop- ulation statistics given out were not alwa}-? reUable. Indeed, the colonial governors encountered so many obstacles in their attempts to make the required enu- merations, tliat in many cases the tables prepared by [ them to supply the information demanded were based on muster rolls and hsts of taxables, rather than on actual counts. Even when actual enumerations were made, they were often incomplete or inacciu-ate. The small population dispersed over large areas, the (hfficulties of travel, the independent spirit of the peo- ple, and the fact that in many instances the sheriffs and other officers charged with tlie enumeration re- ceived no compensation for their serWces, were all fac- tors opposed to completeness and accuracy. "Super- stition also was an influence opposed to census taking. In 1712 Governor Hunter imdertook an enumeration of the inhabitants of New York. In ^vriting to the home government he excused the imperfection of the returns in part by saying tliat 'the people were deterred by a simple superstition and observation that sickness followed upon the last numbering of the people.' Gov- ernor Burnett, of New Jersey, in a communication to the British board in 1726, alluding to an enumera- tion made in New York tliree years bef(jre, said, 'I would have then ordered the like accounts to be taken in New Jersey, but I was advi.sed that it might make the people uneasy, tliey being generall}- of a New England extraction, and tliereby enthusiasts ; and that they would take it for a repetition of the same sin that David committed in luimbcring the people, and might bring on the same judgments. This notion put me off at tliat time, but, since jour lordsliips require it, I will give the orders to the sheriffs that it may be done as soon as may be.' " ' Continental period {177 4~1 789) .—The Colonial period in North America had covered more than a century and a half, and the poUcy of the board of trade in demanding exact returns of population at frequent in- tervals during this period doubtless had great weight in educating the people of the colonies to an aj)precia- tioii of the value of accurate statistical information. It is significant, at least, that the states wliich took cen- suses in the Continental period upon tlieir own initia- tive, after having tlirown off the yoke of Great Britain, were those in which, as colonies, enumerations had been made by British authority; while those .«tates wliich made no such enumerations VN-ere in the main those in which no colonial enumerations had been made. The Continental censuses are of great interest, and, so far as accuracy and completeness are con- cerned, probably compare well with the first Federal census. Especiall}' to be noted is tiie Rhode Island census of 1774, in wliich the schedule of enumeration is almost identical with that of the Federal census of 1790. The necessity for a national census, comprehending all the states, became apparent early in the Continental period. During the War of the Revolution, tl.e Con- tinental Congress had authorized and directed the issue of $3,000,000 in bills of credit. It hail also resolved that the credit of the Thirteen United Colo- nies should be pledged for the redemption of these bills; that each colony should provide ways and means to redeem its proportion in such manner as it should see fit; that the proportion of each colony should be determined by the number of its inhabitants 'Johnston's New Universal Encyclopaedia, vol. 1. page 845 (31 A CENTURY OF POPTTLATION GROWTH. of all ages, including negroes and mulattoes ; and that it slioidd be recommended to the colonial authorities to ascertain in the most confidential maimer their respective populations, and to send the returns, prop- erly authenticated, to Congress. Massachusetts and Rhode Island took a census upon tliis recommenda- tion in 1776, but most of the colonies failed to comply. In November, 17S1, a resolution was introduced in Congress recommending to the several states that they make an enimieration of their white inhabitants pursuant to the ninth article of the Confederation. The resolution failed to pass and the article was inoperative. Several of the states, however, made an enumeration about this time. The question of a settlement of the national debt became continually more serious, and the unwillingness of some of the states to order a general census and assume their equitable proportion made it apparent that a complete enumeration of the inhabitants of the country could never be made except by a central directing authority. Hence, when the Constitutional Convention met, all members seem to have been agreed that a provision for a Federal census at stated intervals should be incorporated in the Constitution. CENSUSES PRIOR TO 1790. The following table shows the number of official censuses of the inhabitants, of which record has been found, made in each of the colonies before 1790: NUMBER OF CENSUSES. COLONY. Total. Colonial period. Conti- nental period. 1600 to 1649. 1650 to 1699. 1700 to 1749. 17,50 to 1773. 1774 to 1789. All colonies 38 1 1 M 11 11 20 3 8 . 2 4 1 2 7 4 14 2 n 1 1 2 2 New Hampshire o Vermont 3 r.r>nnpptiniit 2 Middle colonies 1 10 1 New York 11 3 1 1 <7 2 I New Jersey 3 Delaware il 1 4 1 1 1 Maryland 2 2 1 1 Virginia i 2 il North Carolina South Carolina Georgia i: i 1 Taken as part of a census of Massachusetts. 2 Partly estimated. 8 Taken as part of a census of New York. * Of those. '} weTo partly estimated. 'Census of polls and taxable property. There are four incomplete lists of polls made during this period and still in existence, but only one appears to have been used as a basis for an estimate of population. The table shows that 3S censuses of various colonies were taken, within the area of the original thirteen states, before the first enumeration was made in Great Britain. Apparently the British Government desired more definite statistical information regarding its col- onies than it required concerning the British Isles. New York and Rhode Island developed the greatest aptitude for census taking; of the total of 38 enumera- tions made before the date of the first Federal census, 18, or more than half, were made in these two colo- nies — 11 in the former and 7 in the latter. The people of Massachusetts and Connecticut manifested consid- erable opposition to census taking, seeing no advantage in it to themselves, and fearing that in some way the information obtained would be used by the British authorities to their disadvantage. The first census em- bracing all the inhabitants of Connecticut was taken in 1756, and the first in Massachusetts not untd 1764 — when the general court, after continued demands from the governor, and fearmg longer to irritate British au- thority, ordered a general census. Pennsylvania and Delaware, as well as the Southern colonies, present a marked contrast to New York; so far as appears, the Federal census of 1790 was the first thorough enumera- tion ever made within the borders of any of them, except Virginia. The records of enumerations before 1790 are in many cases fragmentary; often totals only are given, and in some instances the results of the same enumeration are reported differently by different authorities. It must be remembered, however, that correct enumeration of any community is at best a difficult task, and the re- sults of early censuses in every country have been inaccurate and disappointing. The later censuses in the Colonial period and most of those of the Conti- nental period, were more accurate, and compare well with the first Federal census. The following paragraphs present, for each of the colonies in turn, the general results of all known enu- merations up to 1790, together with the estimates made by colonial governors and other officials which appear to possess a fair degree of accuracy, and also certain estimates by modern students of Colonial popu- lation. The results of all pre-Constitutional censuses are presented in detail on pages 149 to 185. In the summaries and more extended tables which follow, the population as shown by the first Federal census, 1790, is included for comparison. New Hampsliire. — None of the figures given below include the Vermont towns. TEAR. Estimates. Censuses: 1641 1,000 4,000 6,000 9,000 9,500 12,500 24,000 30,000 38,000 1675 1689 1716 1721 1732 1742 1749 1761 1707 52,700 72,092 1773 1775 1786 95,755 141,899 1790 POPULATION IN COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL PERIODS. The census of 1775 was taken in order to ascertain the quantity of arms and ammunition in the province, and to correct the wild estimate made by Congress of 102,000 inhabitants, exclusive of slaves. Massachusetts (including Maine). — The first census in Massachusetts was one of the "negro slaves, both males and females, 16 years old and upward," ordered in 17.54, and finished in the beginning of 1755. The earliest recorded movement for a census of all the in- habitants was begun in 1760, and the resulting census was taken in 1764-65. This census was comprehensive in its scope, and the schedule of information strikingly resembles that of the first Federal census. It was ordered in 1764, and by the terms of the act was to have been completed by the last of that year; but the selectmen in some of the towns were negligent and dila- tory, and did not send in their returns as required. On March 5, 1765, an act was approved by the governor b}- which the selectmen were required to complete the census and make their returns before May 25 following, under a penalty of £50. But even then, either some towns failed to make returns or else the returns have been lost.' This census was taken according to the following schedule: UTiite people, under 16 years/ U-emale. WTiite people, above 16 years-It * ^\ ll'emale. Families. Houses. Negroes and mulattoes < " ^ IFemales. Indians l^'^l^^- I Females. The following are contemporary' estimates of the combined population of Massachusetts and Maine (including New Hampshire in 1665): 1032 2,300 1643 16, 000 to 17, 000 1660 30,000 1675 33, 000 1692 60,000 1721 94,000 1735 145,000 1742 165,000 1751 16-5,000 1755 200,000 The estimate given for 17.35 includes 2,600 negroes, and that for 1755 includes from 4,000 to 5,000. The fact that the population remained stationary' during the nine years from 1742 to 1751 is ascribed to "a great depopulation by smallpox and war." The totals reported at the three prc-Constitutional censuses of Massachusetts and Maine are compared below with the results of the Federal census of 1790. The census of 1784 was a count of polls only. The ' Dr. J. Belknap (Mass. Hist. Soc. Collections, Vol. LV, page 198) says that this census, being an unpopular measure, was not accu- rately taken. 76292—03 2 population figures given are estimates by Doctor Chickering,' based on the results of the count. CENSUS. Both Massa- colonlcs. cbusctls. Maine. 1764-65 200,711 245,718 338,067 291,147 408,059 1 34b, 053 475,199 1 378,556 23,093 47,520 1776 1784 1790 96,643 Rhode Island. — Of the seven pre-Constitutional cen- suses of Rhode Island, that of 1774 was particularly elaborate, giving the names of the heads of families, white males and white females over and under 16 years, negroes, and Indians. The results of this census were published in detail in 1858. Because of Rhode Island's share in the slave trade, the propor- tion of colored persons in the population was large — one person in every nine being either a negro or an Indian. TEAR. Estimates. Censasos. 1658 1,200 2,0C0 3,aco 5,000 1()«3 1675 1089 1708 7 181 1730 17,935 1742 30,000 1748 34,000 40,636 1755 1774 1776 55 Oil 1782 1790 69,112 Of the population at the census of 1730, 985 were Indians. The decreases in population from 1774 to 1782 were directly duo to the war, during which a large portion of the state was in the possession of the British forces. Indeed, the census of 1782 specific- ally excluded one whole town which was still in the enemy's hands. Connecticut. — The number of ofTicial enumerations was much smaller in Connecticut than in Rhode Island. The growth of jiopulation, iiowever, was more regular. The information desired by the British Board of Trade was furnished more often from esti- mates than from enumerations. YEAH. Estimates. Censuses. 1043 5,500 »,0OO 14,000 20,000 34,000 61,600 100,000 1005 1079 1089 1713 1730 1719 1756 130,612 1701 146,520 1774 196,088 17S2 2C«,S70 1790 237,655 Of the population reported at the census of 1761, 930 were Indians. The stunted growth in the later j-ears appears to have been due to the hea^•y emigra- tion from Connecticut to New York and to the West. ■ Statistical ^'iew of the Population of Massachusetts from 1763 to 1840, page 7. 6 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Neiu York and Vermont. — Eleven enumerations were made in New York prior to 1790— a larger num- ber than in any other colony. The first of these, made in 1698, was the first census of any magnitude on the continent. There is no evidence that Vermont was included in any of the colonial censuses of New York, except that of 1771. ■i'EAR. Estimates. Censuses. 7,000 10,500 20,000 \^gfy 1(398 is, OCT 1703 20, 748 28, 000 31,000 22.608 1723 40,5U4 50, 289 1737 (iO.437 1746 70, 000 73,448 1756 96, 790 1771 168, 000 190,000 1786 238,895 1790 340,241 The date of the first estimate, 1664, is the year of the British Conquest. Governor Hunter's census, in 1712, met with so much opposition, from a super- stitious fear that it would breed sickness, that only partial returns were obtained. The census of 1746 also was incomplete; Albany county was reported as "not possible to be numbered on account of the enemy." The census of 1749 was taken by Governor Clinton, who volunteered the information that the returns, in common with those of preceding censuses, might not be strictly accurate, since the officers re- ceived no pay for this service, and it was performed reluctantly and carelessly. Of the population reported at the census of 1771, 163,337 was reported for New York and 4,669 specific- ally for certain Vermont towns. At the Federal census of 1790 the population of New York was 340,241 and that of Vermont was 85,341. New Jersey. — There is very little information con- cerning the population of the colony of New Jersey, only three emmierations having been made before the first Federal census. Census taking was unpopular, because of the religious prejudices and superstition of the people. TEAR. Estimates. Censuses. 1702 15.000 1726 32.442 47.369 61,383 1737 1745 1749 66,66b 78,600 120,000 149, 434 1754 1774 1784 1790 184,139 Of the population reported at the census of 1745, 4,606 were slaves. The estimate for 1749 is for whites only; the estimates for 1754 and 1784 include 5,500 and 10,500 blacks, respectively. Pennsylvania and Delaware. — The censiis of 1790 appears to have been the first thorough enumeration ever attempted in either Pennsylvania or Delaware. Accordingly estimates of the population are subject to a large margin of error. In the case of some of the estimates given below, for years prior to 1770, it is uncertain whether the inhabitants of Delaware are included. 1681 500 1685 7,200 1700 20, 000 1715 45, 800 1730 49, 000 1731 69, 000 1740 100, 000 1750 150, 000 1757 200, 000 1760 220, 000 The 500 inhabitants given as the estimate for 1681 — before the arrival of Penn's settlers — were whites, and mainly Swedes, on the banks of the Delaware. The 1730 estimate, made by Governor Gordon, is probably too small. The following are estimates made separately for the two colonies of Pennsylvania and Delaware, together with the returns of the Federal census of 1790: V2AR. Pennsj-l- vania. Delaware. 1770 250.000 25,000 1776 302.000 1780 . 37,000 1782.. 350,000 433. GU 1790 69,046 Maryland. — Maryland presents, tiiroughout its colo- nial history, a uniform and gradual growth, which strik- ingly resembles that of Connecticut. YEA3. Estimates. Censuses. 1660 . 1 . ! 8,000 1676 . 16.000 1701 32,258 1712 46,073 .50,200 1719 ; 61,000 1748.. 130,000 1755 153,564 1761 1 i64.667 1775 200,000 1783 254 nnn 1790 i 319,728 1 The population reported at the census of 1712 in- cluded 8,330 negroes, and the total reported for 1755 was composed of 107,208 wlutes, 42,764 negroes, and 3,592 mulattoes. The estimates for 1719, 1748, and 1761 include 11,000, 36,000, and 49,675 blacks, respec- tively. Virginia. — The first of all the colonies to be founded, Virginia, had a feeble growth at the start, but soon became the leader in population. POPULATION IN COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL PP:RI0DS. 1616. 1630. 1628. 1635. 1640. 1648. 1659. 1671. 1689. 1717. 1754. 1772. 1776. 1782. 1790. Estimales. Censuses. 3.il 2,400 3.000 5,110 7,647 15,000 30,000 40.000 60,000 100,000 284,000 475.000 550,000 587,614 747,610 For the four years 17S2 to 1785, inclusive, there are in existence lists of ])olls in some of the Virginia coun- ties. The popuhition given above for 1782 is the esti- mate made by Thomas Jefferson, based on the list for that year.' The meager data on \\hich Mr. Jefferson's estimate was based were that in 1782, in all but 8 of the Vir- ginia counties, there were 53,289 free males 21 years of age and over, 211,698 slaves (of both sexes and all ages), and 23,760 "tithablc slaves" (apparently slaves 16 years of ago and over); and that in the 8 counties not included in the list of polls there were, in 1779 and 1780, 3,161 militia. Mr. Jefferson made five assumptions: (1) That the number of persons under 16 years of age equaled the number 16 j'cars and over; (2) that the number of males from 16 to 20 years of age, inclusive, was equal to the number of unmarried men in the militia (males between 10 and .50 years), which was one-third of the total number in the militia, or about one-fourth of all males 16 years and over; (3) that the number of females equaled the number of males; (4) that the number of free males 16 years of age and over in 1782, in the 8 counties not included in the list of polls, was equal to the number of the militia in those counties in 1779 and 1780; (5) that the ratio of free to slave popu- lation was the same in these 8 counties as in the rest of the state. With the facts and the basis outlined above, Mr. Jefferson evolved the following data : Population of Virginia in 1782. POPUIATION. Total population Free population Males llndor 16 years 16 years and over 16 to 20 years 21 years and over Females Slave population The state. ,! Counties I included in ' listofpoUs. 567,614 543,438 other counties. 24. 17« 23it. 148, 74, 74, 18, SS, 148, 270, 284.208 142. 104 I 71,052 I 71,052 I 17,763 ! 53.289 142,104 269,230 12,644 6,322 3,161 3.161 790 2,371 6,322 11,532 It will be observed that Mr. Jefferson's estimate is smaller than either the population at the Federal 'Thomafl JeSerson: Notes on the State of Virginia, pages 94 and 9.5. census of 1790 or the estimate for 1775 would indicate. He made the very coaservative assumption, in (4), that the number of the militia (males between 16 and 50) equaled the number of free males 16 years of age and over; had he assumed that the number of the militia equaled the number of free males 21 years of age and over — in accordance with the proportions which can readily be obtained by analyzing (2) — liis estimate woulil have been increased to 301,068 free persons and 274,608 slaves, or a total of 575,676. North Carolijui, Smith Carolina, and Georgia. — No thorough enumeration was over made in these colo- nies during the Colonial or the Continental period. Accordingly all of the population figures given below, except for the Federal census of 1790, are estimates. North Carolina. VEAH Estimated population. 1677 4,000 6,000 7,000 10,000 36,000 90,000 135 000 1701 1711 1717 1732 17S4 1764 1774'. 260,000 1790 •395,006 ' Census. The estimate given for 1732 includes 6,000 negroes, and that for 1754 inchides 20,000 negroes. South Carolina. ESTIHATED POPITl ATIOK. Negro. Total. Whilu. 1682 2,300 9,500 16,300 20,828 64,000 1M,000 175, OCO 6,300 9,000 25,000 35,000 1 (i5 onn (') 1708 5,500 1714 10,000 1720 11.828 1749 .19,600 176,1 70,000 1773 110,000 1790 '249,073 ", >140'l78 '108,895 1 > Not estimated separately. ■Census. The decrease in the number of negroes between 1773 and 1790 — ^which was accompanied by a marked de- crease in the proportion they formed of the total pop- ulation — was due to a large deportation of negroes bj' British authority during the War of the Revolution. Georgia. 1752. 1760. 1766. 1773. 1776. ESmlATED POP(n.ATIOK. Total. , White. Negro. 5,000 9,000 18,000 33,000 .■^,000 1790 1 >82,648 ' Not estimated separately. J 'Census. 6,000 10,000 18,000 9,6a2 8 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. RECENT ESTIMATES OF POPULATION PRIOR TO 1790. Attention has already been called to the fact that at no time prior to 1790 was there a simultaneous enu- meration of all the colonies. Estimates for various years have been made, however, by a number of his- torians and statisticians. In the preparation of this report valuable assistance was obtained from the ex- haustive study made by Prof. Franklin Bowditch Dex- ter, of Yale University, of popidation in the several American colonies. Estimates in Bancroft's History of the United States also proved helpfid. Mr. Ban- croft, however, says of one of his estimates that it "rests on the consideration of many details and opin- ions of that day, private journals and letters, reports to the board of trade, and ofScial papers of the pro- vincial governments." Professor Dexter apparently depended less on British sources of information, and put more credence in official enumerations and in esti- mates based on militia rolls and lists of polls. It is interesting to compare the estimates of the two authorities mentioned above with the estimates pre- pared by Mr. J. B. D. De Bow, Superintendent of the Seventh Census (1S50), and published in the report of that census. Accordingly the various estimates obtainable from these three sources are summarized in the following statement: Estimates of colonial population: 1640 to 1780. YEAF.. Dexter. Bancroft. De Bow. 1640 25,000 80,000 1 . . IGOO 1G88 200,000 1701 262, 000 1721 500,000 1,000,000 1743 1749 1,046,000 1750 1,207,000 1.300,000 1,610,000 2,000,000 2,205,000 1,2C.O,000 1.428, .500 1,095,000 1754 1700 1707. 1770 2,312,000 1775 2, 803, 000 1780 . 2,580,000 2,94.5,000 Professor Dexter's first estimate relates to the pe- riod when Parliament gained the ascendency in Eng- land; at that time, he states, "60 per cent of the inhab- itants were in New England and most of the remainder in Virginia." His second estimate indicates that at the time of the Restoration the population had more than trebled, "the greatest gain being in the most loyal divisions, Virginia and Maiyland, which now compre- hended one-half the whole." Concerning a group of his later estimates Professor Dexter says: "A round half million appears to have been reached about 1721, with the Middle colonies showing again the largest percentage of growth and New England the least. A million followed in twenty- two years more, or in 1743, this figure beii^ doubled in turn twenty-four j^ears later, or in 1767, the latter reduplication being de- layed a little, doubtless by the effect of intervening wars." Mr. Bancroft says, concerning his estimate for 1754: ''The board of trade reckoned a few thousand more and revisers of their judgment less." He also makes a subdivision by color for each of his estimates, except that for 1688, as follows: Bancroft's estimate of population, hy color. TEAK. Total. White. Black. 1750 1.200,000 1.428,500 1.695.000 2.312.000 2,945,000 1,040,000 1,165,000 1,385,000 1,850,000 2,383,000 220,000 17.-,4 . . 263,600 17150 310,000 1770 462,000 1780 562,000 For two _years, 1688 and 1754, Mr. Bancroft pre- sented estimates for each of the colonies. These are deemed of sufficient interest and importance to be presented in full. Bancroft's estimates of population, by colonies. 16S81 Allcolonies 200.000 1 1,428,500 1754: Total. New Hampshire M^sarhusetts and Maine Khodo Island Connectieut New Yorlc New Jersey Pennsylvania and Delaware., Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia 6.000 44,000 6,000 19,000 I 20,000 10,000 12.000 I 25.000 I 60.000 [ 8,000 ii 203,000 39, £00 130. 500 96,000 78,600 206,000 148,000 284,000 90.000 so.ono 7.000 White. Black. 1,165,000 EO.OOO 207.000 35.000 133.000 85,000 73.000 195.000 104,000 108.000 70.000 40.000 5,000 263, SOD 6,000 4.500 3. ,500 11,000 5,500 11,000 44,000 116,000 20,000 40.000 2,000 1 nistory ot the United States, Vol. I, page 602. -Uistory of the United States, Vol. II, page 389. Concerning the estimates for 1754, Mr. Bancroft says: "Nearly all are imperfect. The greatest discrep- ancy in judgments relates to Pennsylvania and the Carolinas." Mr. De Bow's estimates for the several colonies in 1701, 1749, and 1775 — which, it will be remembered, are the only statements concerning pre-Constitutional population hitherto published in a Federal census report — are as follows : De Bow's estimates of population, by colonics. -Ml colonies. Slaves, estimated New Hampshire Massaohust'tts (including Maine).. Khode Island Connecticut New Yorlc (including Vermont) . . New Jersey Vennsylvania and Delaware Maryland V'irginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia 1743 2C2.000 1,046.000 1775 2.. 63, 000 .12,000 3 100,000 (>) 101,000 200,000 60,000 4.1,000 ■■■■" 31,000 'IM.OOO 3.1,000 100,000 > 80, 000 06,000 « 150,000 137,000 275,000 80,000 68,000 5,000 88,000 (■) '235,000 44,000 142,000 > 113,000 91,000 = 220,000 (») 162,000 346,000 115,000 96,000 9,000 34,000 60,000 2.1,000 261,000 .1.1,000 175, OCO 100.(100 110,000 2.10,000 2.1,000 2UO.O0O •450,000 230,00(1 140.(100 26,000 (') .15, .100 84,500 40,000 307.000 .12.000 203.000 2110. OOO 137,000 33.1,000 37.000 2.KI.0U)) .120.000 300,000 160.000 66,000 46,000 90,043 141,899 85,341 378,516 69,112 New Hampshire MaRs;ichnsolt3 Uho-le Island '70,000 6,000 24,000 19,000 14,000 « 20, 000 (') 31,000 72.000 5.000 8,000 '80,000 8,000 31,000 20,000 20,000 '3.1,000 (») 43,000 87,000 7. OOO 13,00» '92,000 11,000 40,000 30,000 26,000 « 48, 000 62,000 110,000 I3,fl«0 20,828 (.'oniKctlPUt 237,656 New York . ... 340,341 New .Jersey lty|,139 Pennsylvania . 433,611 Delaware 69,096 Mar>'land 319,728 Virginia 747,610 39.1,006 249,073 82,548 1 r3.677 35,601 :;;;;;:;;;;;;;;;;;::;;;;':;:;;:;:;::; 1 1 1 1 ' Maino Includpd with Mnssai'husetts. •Delaware included wltli Pennsylvania. • Vermont included with New York. ' Kentucky Included with Virginia. 10 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Tabi.k 2.-PER CENT OF INCREASE OF ESTIMATED POPULATION DURING COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL PERIODS: 1610 TO 1790. STATE. 1610 to 1620 16-20 to 16S0 1630 to 1640 1610 to 1650 1650 to 1660 1660 to 1670 1670 to 1680 1680 to 1690 1690 to 1700 1700 to 1710 1710 to 1720 1720 to 1730 1780 to 1740 .740 to 1750 1750 to 1780 1760 to 1770 1770 to 1780 1780 to 1790 Total 1,090.0 128.1 390.3 85.0 64.0 35.0 35.9 37.2 28.8 30.0 32.7 3a 1 35.7 35.8 33.4 37.0 26.1 41.3 75.0 60.0 42.9 75.0 1 1 63.2 40.8 60.0 15.8 15.5 16.0 25.0 24.6 34.0 48.0 25.0 15.6 30.4 14.3 111.6 74.1 New Hampshire 64.3 30.4 33.3 25.0 20.0 25.0 26.7 26.3 83.3 40.9 22.6 57.9 67.9 113. 4 Massachusetts Rhode Island 1,213.1 976.9 28.6 166.7 200.0 200.0 38.9 87.5 33.3 100.0 20.0 66.7 25.0 50.0 33.3 60.0 30.0 55.6 140.0 35.0 25.0 38.5 42.9 50.0 29.6 20.0 33.3 15.0 55.6 66.7 14.3 33.3 29.2 36.8 42.9 75.0 15.0 37.5 29.1 38.5 30.0 37.1 35.9 54.1 37.5 36.1 42.3 35.4 26.4 41.6 27.3 28.6 40.5 63.8 13.9 45.8 42.9 27.0 26.9 50.0 30.6 25.7 42.0 41.3 37.9 46.7 12.8 25 23.2 41.6 20.9 13.6 23.3 32.9 17.1 New York lOO.O 70.1 34.4 29.4 1 59.7 Marvland 1 1 200.0 122.3 77.8 94.1 87.5 21.2 150.0 33.3 22.5 60.0 25.0 18.4 125.0 309.1 24.0 24.1 66.7 77.8 38.7 20.8 40.0 62.5 44.2 33.3 86.6 60.2 32.3 31.9 129.7 44.0 28.0 30 7 66.7 50.0 30.5 37.5 60.0 51.1 is. 2 25.8 43.8 39.7 80.0 23.5 30.1 100.0 47.4 188.9 27.9 1,042.9 25.0 154.9 43.8 North Carolina 31.7 58.7 S0.1 63.7 "* 1 These tables comprehend approximately two-thirds of the period which has elapsed since the estabhsh- ment of English settlements upon the North Atlantic coast of America. They begin with the population of Virginia in 1610 — the first population in a decennial year forming part of a continuous series — consisting of 210 souls maintaining a precarious foothold upon an unexplored continent; and end, after the lapse of approximately two centuries, wath an aggregate popu- lation of 3,929,625 inhabitants, possessing more than 800,000 square miles of territory, as shown by the Fed- eral census of 1790. ^ThUe percentages of increase in population can be accepted only as suggestions of approximate growth, it will be observed that those which are shown in Table 2 tend to confirm the impression concerning the growth of population natural under the conditions which prevailed at tliis period.' For the first half century, or imtU the middle of the seventeenth century, percentages obviously have httle significance as indicating normal growth, because they were violently affected by every shipload of colonists that arrived. From 1660 to the close of the century, as the population began to assume greater proportions and to extend over larger areas of territory, the percentages of increase, both in individual colonies and in the aggregate for all the colonies, tend to become more uniform, and thus to reflect the influ- ence of natural increase as compared with artificial increase by additions from Europe.' In the eighteenth century there was a noteworthy uniformity of per- ' "He who will construct retrospectively general tables (of Colo- nial population) from the rule of increase in America, since 1790, will err verv little." — Bancroft: History of the United Stales, ed. 1852, Vol. IV, page 128, note. - "In the Northern states of America, where the means of sub- Bistence have been more ample, the manners of the people more pure, and the checks to early marriajjea fewer than in any of the modern states of Europe, the population has been found to double itself, for above a century and a half successively, in less than each period of twenty-five years. centages of increase, Avith the exception of the reduced increase sho^vn for the decade from 1770 to 1780, a variation which imquestionably reflects the period of warfare and privation tlirough which the colonists were then passing. Incidentally it shoidil be stated that in the making of these tables the population assigned at each decade to each of the colonies has been computed without the least regard to the total population or the percentage of increase in total population which would be shown; the result for each colony has been prepared independ- ently, from the historical sources previously mentioned, so as to reflect as closely as possible the population conditions actually prevailing at the dates specified. Hence the interesting uniformity of increase from deo- ade to decade shown by the aggregate for all colonies tends to strengthen confidence in the accuracy of the estimates presented. Moreover, it will be noted that the similarity in percentages of increase remains practically the same from decade to decade during the first half century of actual enumeration (1790 to 1840), as during the latter half of the period covered by the above tables. It is of additional interest to observe the geographic grouping of population during the early history of the colonies. The following table shows the number and the proportion of inhabitants in each of the three geo- graphic groups of colonies at the beginning and the end of the pre-Constitutional period, and at half cen- tury intervals: "In the back settlements, where the sole employment is agricul- ture, and vicious customs and unwholesome occupations are little known, the population has been known to double itself in fifteen years. * * * " It appears from some recent calculations and estimates that from the first settlement of America to the year 1800 the periods of dou- bling have been but very little above twenty years." — Malthus: Essay on the Principle of Population, vol. 1, pages 6 aiid 7: London, Edition 1S06. il]L]llill.jyinmmmiii„iriirrr 0- Map |New York I with the ad/acerU Rcdcc \ OJld Other remarkaMe Pnrto of By Tt}4^^ Khtcktn. „ ■Ir Ba/racki //tuk/drAmmoanWirn Quarttrd. andiumi n^n t^Iun^ Troops landidatFro^ Runi S. 11 ENUMERATED IN I7W nt. 1 PopulaUon. Percent. ).0 3,929,025 loao 17 L8 1,009,206 1,017,067 1,903,332 26.7 25.9 4a4 md including 1790. alti- ore. Salem. Newport. ) 1 2 203 4,e«i 6,508 200 0,753 4,«7 9,209 5,934 5,337 5,299 1 5,530 1 3,603 7,92i j 6,'7i« enons to each dwelling, as 'itanU,/or each decent 0. >ltl- ore. Salctn. Newport. 1 ...... 3,'666' .:;.;":;; 9,o66 3,603 7,921 r decrease, were jxplaincd by the )f sanitary appli- sed the American intury, to attacks several instances POPULATION IN COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL PERIODS. 11 Table 3.— ESTIMATED POPULATION IN THE PRE-C ONSTITUTIONAL PERIOD, OF THE AREA ENUMERATED IN 1790, BY GEOGRAPUIC GROUPS. 1610 I6S0 1700 1750 I7M Population. Percent. Population.' Percent. Population. Percent. Population. Percent. Population. Percent 2!0 100.0 61,700 1 100.0 275,000 100.0 1,207,000 100.0 3,929,626 loao 27,200 3,000 21,600 62.6 6.8 41.6 106,000 63,000 116,000 38.6 19.3 42.2 346,000 286,000 666,000 2&7 24.6 46.8 1,009,206 1,017,087 1,903,332 26.7 26.9 48.4 Middle colonies Southern colonies 210 100. n In 1 6 1 the total wliite population in the original area of the United States was located in the single colony of Virginia; but in 1650 more than half of all the colonists were located in New England, and most of the remain- der in Virginia. From that date the proportion in the New England colonies steadily declined, and the pro- portion in the Southern colonies steadily increased. The remarkable increase in the proportion in the Mid- dle colonies during the period from 1050 to 1700 was due to the settlement of Pennsylvania and extensive immigration into that colony. POPULATION OF CITIES. Three cities which have continued to the present time to be leatlers in population were preeminent dur- ing the Colonial and Continental periods, not only in the number of their inhabitants, but also in prosperity and influence. These cities were New York, Pliila- delphia, and Boston. From its foundation, in 10.30, until the middle of the eighteenth century, Boston was the most populous town in the American colonies. Philadelphia (including suburbs) then took tiie lead, which it retained until it in turn was passed by New York, in 1810. Hence, each of these three cities has been the leader in population at some period. The two tables wliich follow present the popula- tion, from the earUest records up to 1790, of the 7 cities which had acquired a population of 8,000 inhab- itants prior to the Federal census of 1790, or which reported a population of approximately that figure in that year. The first table gives the results of censuses, contemporary estimates, and modern estimates based on contemporary data — as poll hsts or counts of dwellings. The second table gives, for each decennial year from 1710 to 1790, the population of all cities which had reached, or practically reached, the minimum of 8,000 inhabitants. Figures given in tlie second table, but not in the first, are estimates based on the most reliable sources of information. The most significant facts reflected by the following tables are the continual uncertainty concerning in- crease or decrease of population during the whole of the eighteenth century and the insignificant increase recorded in each of the 7 cities during the entire period from 1710 to 1790. The variations in population which are shown during different periods for each of these cities are frequently violent. Population of cities of the United Slatf* to and indvding 1790. YEAR. Philadel- phia (in- cluding suburbs). Now Yorlt. Boston. Charles- ton. Balti- more. Salem. Newport. 16E6 1,000 1680 4,600 1683 '600 I 1690 7,000 1 1698 4,937 1 1700 '4,400 6,700 1703..... 4,430 . ' 1708 t 2,203 1710 9,000 1712 6,840 1 ' 1720 11,000 10,567 1722 1 , 1723 1 7,248 ::::::::::i:::::::::::::::::::;"' ■■ ■ 1730 I3,0CO 1 4,640 1731 8,022 10,664 ;:::::::::i::::::::::i:::::::::: 1737 1 1 1....; 1740 17,000 16,382 1 1 1742 1 1 < 1746 11,717 ] , ; 1748 1 6,608 1749 '13,000 13,294 ..V.'.,.'..S.'..'..'...V.".""\". 1750 16,731 \ 1752 ; 200 1753 14,563 1755 1 6,763 1766 13,040 t 1760 18,756 15,631 15,520 1 1765 1 4,427 1709 28,042 :::::;:::::::::::::: 1770 15,620 10,863 1771 21,863 1773 12,000 1774. . ] 9,200 1T7S : 1 5.934 1776. . . . '34,400 > 25, 000 : i::::::::::l::::::::.: 6,337 6,299 1777 1 1780 10,000 1782 6,630 1783 '37,800 \ 1786 23,614 1787 16,000 16,359 i 1790 42,444 33,131 1 18,038 13,503 1 7,921 6,716 ' r.stimated on the assumption that the number of persons to each dwelling, as shown on pai;e 13, was 6..1. > Estimated from Lord Howe's census. Population of cities having at least 8,000 inhabUanls. for each decen- nial year from 1710 to 1790. YEAR. Philadel- phia (in- cluding suburbs). Zl Boston- Charles- ton. mo™: ^<^- Newport. 9,oa> 11,000 1730 1740 8,500 10,500 8 600 1 iijooo ] i7;oo6 13,300 15,731 14 000 '-"^ '''-'*' i7Rn ' iA fit 8,000 10,S(3 10,0C0 16,350 1770 1780 1790 28,000 30,000 42,444 21,000 18,000 33,131 15,.^ 10,000 18,038 J 9,000 8,000 13,603 7,aU Changes, whether of increase or decrease, were generally due to local conditions, explained by the historians of the time. The lack of sanitary appU- ances and of skillful physicians exposed the American cities, especially in the eighteenth centurj-, to attacks of contagious maladies, which in several instances 12 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. greatly reduced the population, either by death or by enforced removal of citizens. Such fluctuations of population must be regarded as incidents inseparably connected with the early life of urban communities in which the inhabitants are engaged in a hand-to- hand struggle for existence. Di-^GRAM 1.— POPULATION OF THE PRINCIPAL CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES BEFORE 1790. 4S 1 * 1 J 1 / 1 1 1 1 • '♦ / / /' i 1 1 t 1 1 ( 1 t 1 / / / 1 1 / -- 1 y / s / I / ' / / / / / / < / / )o ■> f / . y -- / / / / \ \ / / y y • '^i " o T*^ ; \ ! ; z n o S \ 3 CTI O (- ' i -^ I £ s It will be observed that the maximum population of the city of Newport prior to 1790 v.- as reached in 1774; and that the population of Salem even in 1790 had not attained the minimimi city population of 8,000 — falling short of that number by 79 souls. But as it has been the custom of previous Census authori- ties to include Salem in the list of cities having a distinctly urban population in 1790, it is here included in the list of those having a population of 8,000 inhabitants. Four out of the 6 cities having a population of 8,000 or more in 1790 were located in the Northern states; Baltimore was upon the edge of the Northern states; and only one city — Charleston — was situated in the distinctly Southern, states. In Virginia, the oldest of the colonies, no city possessed in 1790 a population greater than 4,000. Indeed, with the exception of the city of Charleston, above noted, all of the great area lying south of the Potomac must bo regarded as dis- tinctly rural at that period. The marshal who super- vised in 1790 the taking of the Federal census for North Carolina, in making his retui'ns, accompanied them with the obsei"vation that in that large common- wealth there was no community the population of which exceeded 2,000 inhabitants. In 1700 the aggregate population of the 3 leading cities — Boston, New York, and Philadelphia — was approximately 15,500. Ninety years later the aggre- gate population of these 3 cities was 95,000, having increased sixfold. The striking change wliich has taken place since 1790 in all the conditions which tend to increase urban population is illustrated by the fact that in 1900, or at the close of the succeeding century, the population of these 3 cities was 5,291,791, hav- ing increased more than fiftyfold in the second period of one hundred and ten vears. The rates of increase POPULATION IN COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL PERIODS. 13 YEAR. Dwelling houses. Popula- tion. 1683 SO 700 2,076 2,300 2,960 4,474 5,460 6,000 6,651 • 1700 1749' 1753 14,503 1760 18, 756 1769 28,042 1776 1783 1790 here noted reflect the differing tendencies of tiie two centuries under consideration. Rapid increase in urban population is generally regarded as one of the results of the unprecedented growth in commercial and industrial activity, characteristic of the nineteenth centur}-. The proportion of the papulation living in cities showed a significant uniformity from the beginning of the eighteenth centurj' to 1820. Indeed, the propor- tion in 1730 was almost precisely the same as that shown for 1820 — nearly a centur\' later. The low pro- portion shown for 1780 was obviously the result of tlie lievolutionarv War, in which practically all the prin- cipal cities suffered from the ravages of war or pesti- lence, or both. Tiie movement of population toward the cities, a movement which gathered momentum after 1830, may be regarded primarily as the result of industrial expansion. From that date the growth of population in manufacturing centers uninterruptedly kept pace witii the growth in number of industries and in value of products. The principal facts regarding the earlj' population of the cities shown in the tables on page 11, including reference to some of the causes which led to violent increase or decrease, will be found in the following summaries. Philadelphia. — The colonial population of Phila- delphia can not be stated with precision. Dr. James Mease, in his "Picture of Philadelpliia," gives the following table: • " The enumeration of 1749 was made by eitizensof tlie first respectability. Mul- berry ward, l>y Doctor Franklin; Doek ward, Josepli Sldj)p('n: Lower Delaware, Wililam Allen {Chief Justiee); Upper Delaware. Tiiomas liopkinson; South ward and Soutliern suburbs, Kdward Siiipiien: Hiph street, Ti:oinas I.awrenee, jr.; Walnut. William Humphreys; ( hestnut. Joseph Turner; North ward and North- ern suburlis. Dr. William Shippen; Middle ward, William Coleman. Thealteration of tiled i vision of the wards in IWK) renders it impossible to judpe of the comparative Increase of populLition In the several quarters of the city." Jamca Mease, M. D.r The Picture of Philadelphia Umi), pages 31 and SS. The data given for 1760 are confirmed by a passage from "Bumaby's Travels," written in 1759. Mr. Bumaliy visited Philadelphia in that year, and re- ported that it contained about 3,000 houses and from 18,000 to 20,000 inhabitants. The only cen.sus before 1700 v»-as taken about Octo- ber, 1777, for Lord Howe, when he held possession of the city; it yielded 5,470 dwellings (587 of which were empty) and 21,707 inliabitants, exclusive of the army and strangers. At all times when both the number of houses and inhabitants were given, except during the Revolution, the number of inhabitants bore to the number of houses a ratio of from 6.2 to 6.4. The population figures omitted from Mease's table have been computed for the tables of pre-Constitutional population of cities, on page 11 , by applying to Doctor Mease's data as to number of dwellings a ratio of 6.3. New York. — Twelve censuses of the city of New York were taken prior to 1700, the first being taken in 1056. Hence, the population figures for New York as shown on page 1 1 may all be accepted as accurate. .Bos/on.— From the time of its founding until about 1755, Boston was the most populous town in the Ameri- can colonies. The first recorded enumeration of the inhabitants of Boston was made in 1722, during a pestilence of smallpox; the population was found to be 10,567. A second census was taken in 1742 and a third in 1765. In connection with a report on a con.sus of Boston taken in 1S45, Mr. Lemuel Shattuck made a verj^ thorough study of the early population of that city,i from which he deduced the figures given for decennial years in the table on page 11. The decrease in the population from 1740 to 1750 was due to depopulation by smallpox and war. The decrease from 1770 to 1780 was due to the occupation (jf Boston by the British; according to Mr Shattuck, in 1776 Boston contained only 2,719 white inhabitant.s, many of the former inhabitants having been dispersed in the country. In 1777 there were 2,863 males 16 years of age and over — "of whom," says the record, "11 were Quakers, 7 belonged to the castle, 188 were colored, 36 in Charlestown, Falmouth, and Newport, 200 at sea, and 543 in the army." The number of males 16 j'cars of age antl over actually living in Boston was therefore only 1,878; and of these, many were said to be old, infirm, and decrepit. Charleston. — The fourth city in size in 1790 was Charleston, S. C. Before the Revolution this was an important commercial center. Lieutenant-Governor Bull reported that on November 30, 1770, the number of houses in Charleston was 1,292, and its population was 10,863—5,030 whites and 5,833 blacks (domestic servants and mechanics). De Brahm, three years later, reported that the city contained about 1,500 houses and more than 12,000 souls, more than half of whom were negroes and mulattoes. The Revolution seriously affected the prosperity and the population of the city. Morse's Gazetteer, published in 1789, says that in 1787 the city contained 1,600 houses and a population of 15,000 — 9,600 white inhabitants and 5,400 negroes. Ballimore. — An inventory of this town in 1752 in- dicated 25 houses and 200 inhabitants. In 1775 a census showed 564 houses and 5,934 inhabitants. Brissot de Warville, who passed through the city in 1788, states that it "was but a village before the war; but during that period a considerable portion of the commerce of Philadelphia was removed to this place." Salem. — Founded in 1628, Salem had a slow growth during the first century of its existence. There were ' "Report by the committee of the city council," appointed to obtain the census of Boston for the year 18-15, paee 5. 14 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. two censuses before 1790; the population in 1765 was 4,427, and in 1776 it was 5,337. A somewhat acceler- ated growth after the war, due to the importance of Salem's foreign commerce, brought the population in 1790 up to 7,921. Newport and Prmridence. — It is easy to trace the population of the city of Newport and of the town of Providence from the summaries of the censuses given for Rhode Island in Table 85. The population of New- port in 1774 was 9,209 — a figure which it did not attain again untU the census of 1850. The city never recovered its commercial prosperity lost at the time of the Revolution. Neio Haven, New London, and Noi-wick.. — These Connecticut towns were populous and prosperous dur- ing the latter half of the eighteenth century, and car- ried on an important coastwise and West Indian commerce. The commerce of all three, however, was greatly injured during the Revolutionary War, and New Haven, at least, never fully regained her former rank as a shipping center. TEAK. New Haven. New- London. Norwich. 17S6 5,085 3.171 5,540 1774 8,295 1 5.888 7,327 1782 5,688 7,325 The city of New Haven was incorporated on Janu- ary 8, 1783; in 1787 its population was 3,364. • Scott's United States Gazetteer, published in 1795, states that the city of New London contained 340 dwellings and the city of Norwich 450 dwellings; this would in- dicate a population of about 2,000 for New London and about 3,000 for Norwich. COMPARISON OF URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION. While the population figures shown in Table 1 are to some extent based upon estimates, they may be accepted as reasonably accurate for the purpose of making a general separation of the inhabitants of the colonies in early years into the two main classes of urban and rural. Even at the close of the eighteenth century the urban communities were merely country towns as compared with the urban communities of the present time. Nevertheless, it is not to be doubted that the distinction between the dwellers in the cities, small as they were, and the dwellers in the strictly rural districts, was clearly marked. By adopting the community of 8,000 as a minimum, the following table has been constructed for a period covering two ' " There are between 300 and 400 neat dwelling houses in the city, principally of wood. The streets are sandy but clean. Within the limits of the city are 4,000 souls, "^.l/orsc; Gazetteer of the United States, 1797. DuGRVM 2.— PER CENT OF TOT.\I, POPULATION OF UNITED STATES IN CITIES OF 8,000 POPULATION AND OVER. 3b / 1 / 20 15 to / y 1 / / / / ^ y / / / ""^ -- 1710 1730 I7B0 1770 1790 1810 1830 1850 1870 1890 '700 1720 1740 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 15 urban RE) OP TOTAL Urban. ht .Ag»fyifi^ loao loao K.2 82.3 91.8 87.5 83.3 77.8 68.9 66.1 59.4 58.6 --J ii 1 POPULATION IN COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL PERIODS. 15 centuries. The estimates of wliicli the fif^urcs for years prior to 1700 are composed have already been given for the total jjopulation iu Table 1 , and for the urban population in tables on page 1 1. Table 4,-TOTAL AND URBAN POPULATION (ON THE li.VSIS OF PLACES OF 8,000 IXnAIilTWT.S OK MORE) OF THE UNITED STATES, AND OF THE AREA ENUMERATED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, COMPARED WITH THE TOTAL POPULATION: 1700 TO 1900. 1 FOR TOTAL AREA. fOB AREA ENUMEBATED IN 1790. PEB CENT POPITLA- TION Of AREA YEAR. Total popu- latlOD. 275,000 367,600 474,388 6.54,950 889.000 1.207,000 1,010,000 2,205,000 2,781,000 3,929,025 5,308,483 7,239,881 9,038,453 12,8(50,020 17,009.453 23,191,876 31.413..321 38, 5.58. 371 .50.1.55.783 >02.947.714 17.5, 994,. 575 Places of 8,000 and over. Total popu- lation. Places of 8,000 and over. 1790 roRua or POPULATION or ITNrrED STATEa. Number. Population. Per cent of total. Number. Population. Per cent of toUI. Total. Urban. 1700 1710 1 1 3 3 3 4 5 5 6 11 13 2u 44 85 141 226 286 447 645 9.(J00 11,00(1 30, 00(1 38. .500 42,431 .56,387 84.383 76.000 131.. 39(1 210.873 350,920 475. 13.5 804. .509 1.4.53,994 2, 897, .580 5,072,250 8.071.875 11.318.547 18,272,503 24.992,199 2.5 2.3 4.6 4.3 3.5 3.5 3.8 2.7 3.3 4.0 4.9 4.9 0.7 8.5 12.5 16.1 20.9 22.6 29.0 32.9 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 3,929,626 5,247,355 0,779,308 8,293,869 10, 240. 232 11,781,231 14,509.584 17.326.157 19,087,. 504 23.92.5.0.19 28,188,321 33,553,630 6 6 10 13 24 40 68 IOC 139 168 243 285 131,396 210,873 339,678 438,317 793,590 1,272.3.30 2,385.216 3,W8,039 5,501,692 7.485,723 10,854,778 14,656,083 3.3 4.0 5.0 5.2 7.5 10.4 1.5.7 21.8 27.1 29.9 36.8 41.7 100.0 98.8 93.6 86.0 79.6 09.0 62.8 5.5.1 51.1 47.7 44.8 44.2 loao loao 85.2 «2.3 91.8 87.5 82.3 77.8 68.9 66.1 59.4 68.6 1800 1810 1820 1830 ; 1840 1850 I860 1870 1880 . . 1890 1900 ■ Includes population of Indian Territory and Indian reservations. / II. THE UNITED STATES IN 1790. BOUNDARIES AND AREA— CURRENCY- TRANSPORTATION— THE POSTAL SERVICE— INDUSTRIES— EDUCATION— NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICAL S— SLAVERY— INDL-^NS. The taking of the First Census of the United States brought home to each citizen the practical operation and influence of the newly adopted Constitution of the United States. It was the beginning of a series of distinctly Federal operations, recurring decennially, and increasing constantly in importance and in statis- tical value, which unquestionably have exerted great influence in imifying the states and demonstrating their community of interests. It will be appropriate, therefore, to describe briefly the area of the Republic and the conditions that prevailed at the beginning of constitutional government, with which, for all practical purposes, the First Census was coincident. The year 1790 was an important one in the history of the principal nations of Europe, as well as of the young Republic in America. Monarchies responsible in but small degree to the people were rapidly becom- ing intolerable. In all civilized nations the growth of enlightened sentiment had been greatly accelerated by the results of the recent conflict in America. Em'ope was in a state of imrest, and was already upon the verge of the French Revolution and the continental wars which followed. In England George III — a man of 52 years, and little considered in the afi'airs of the nations of Europe — stiU occupied the throne ; William Pitt was prime minister, and the energies of the nation, which had been somewhat impaired by the fruitless war in America, were being recruited for more profita- ble operations upon the Continent. In Prussia Fred- erick William II reigned as king, having succeeded his father, Frederick the Great. Catherine II — dissolute, but brilliant and powerful — was PDmpress of Russia. In France Louis XVI clung to a tottering throne, and endeavored by ill-judged and fruitless concessions to placate a nation which was drifting toward revolution and anarchy. In the United States less than a year of the first ad- ministration of the first President had elapsed. General Washington having been inaugiu-ated m New York city, AprU 30, 1789. Indeed, when the First Census was ordered the machinery of Federal Government was but just constructed, and was undergoing its first and most critical test. The executive branch of the Government included four departments — State, Treas- (16)' ury. War, and Justice. Thomas Jefferson was Secre- tary of State; Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasure'; Henrj' Knox, Secretary of War; and Ed- mund Randolph, Attorney-General. Congress con- sisted of 91 members, 26 in the Senate and 65 in the House of Representatives — the numbers specified by the Constitution — pending the enumeration of the inhabitants of the states. On the 9th of Jul}', 1790, Congress, then in session at New York, passed a bill selecting the District of Colmnbia as the permanent capital of the nation, but declaring that for ten years from the end of that session the Government should be located at Philadelphia. Under this act the seat of government was removed to PhUadolphia in September, 1790. Congress assem- bled in the following December in that cit}', its sessions being held in the state house, on Chestnut street; and by the close of the year the Government w^as estab- lished in the temporary capital. The executive depart- ments were located in small rented houses. In the Department of State,' tliere were, indeed, only five clerks. According to Biddle's Director}', published in 1791, President Washington resided at No. 190 High street, below Sixth, in the mansion buflt by Richard Perm and occupied during the Revolution by General Howe, Benedict Arnold, and Robert Morris. Vice-President Adams lived in the Hamilton mansion at Bush Hill.^ The year 1790 was probably the most critical year of General Washington's administration.^ It was the first complete j^ear of the Federal Government under ' " The force of the department at the time of the adoption of the Constitution was the Secrctarj-, the chief clerk, and ttiree subordi- nates, at a total cost of $6,500. During the First Congress the salary of the Secretary of State was fixed at $3,500, the chief clerk at S800, and clerks at not to exceed S500 each. In 1800 the salary of the Sec- retary was increased to 55,000, but the total pay roll only amounted to $12,950." — John TT'. Foster: A Century of Am/irican Diplomacy, page 130. 2 Scharf and V/estcott, History of Philadelphia, 1609-1884, page 462. ' "No man ever entered with a higher sense of responsibility upon a task which was to tax his wisdom, patience, and reputation to the utmost. In his inaugural address he said that no event could have filled him with greater anxiety than the notification of his election, and that the magnitude and difliculty of the trust, to which the voice of his countrymen called him, awakened a distrustful scrutiny into his qualifications." — John TV. Foster: A Century oj American Diplomacy, page 136. 17 . yi'KC.Kt K A4 45 4fi \tnoit\n I ^7^ r • "t "■•"Mil M * kIXmH / 1 f AM 1^1 T' • ■"■■■'•■^^-'--^ w;.irf.or'.r"'"r""'"'Cv/J^i^ri'"'!r::^^rM-a/a6ar But I /I -./.■„, ^ "Zsi^^^^i^'^^ \ Explanation L? 40 C H Court Houac arftatir << ^If the Nbrtliern Part of the Unjtjcd Stati:s of MF.RTCA Abraham Braille.v jun' ^a A9- 58 iZ 5 CalU-^i^ JJ" I been rpinia Ken- 1 Mis- (1 out olina, 'er, or <01iio npris- Vliclii- — was er, or > west 1 vast king, la, of it be- tched The :c ilis- j Do- rttion; ;h the fined, sd by le dis- as far in the until reaty, I and ice to ) was only total, board I New upied ;ham- e for- 1788. mess. ! only thode and • the often id ill- !St of es \ras «8sion, iment, tecrion i inure THE UNITED STATES IX 1790. 17 the Constitution. Precedent was being made at every step. No ofTico of the Government, not even the Presidency, had been in existence long enough to com- mand any respect, except such as was imparted by the personahty of the oflicial himself. Political party lines, which became dearly defined b}^ 1702, had not yet appeared. Many divisions of sentiment, however, had already developed, especially in connection with the interpretation of the Constitution. Everj- free- holder was deeply interested in such questions as slavery. Federal assumption of state debts, and the taxation necessary for raising the revenues required to conduct the National Government. No service pei-formed by General Washington in the successful prosecution of the Revolutionary War com- pared with that which he rendered in saving the Re- public from itself during the early days of his admin- istration.' The operation of the Government under the new Constitution had thus far proceeded v^thout serious friction, but with considerable criticism and unrest. Popular confidence in and respect for Presi- dent Waslungton, the hero of the Revolution, was probably the principal factor which prevented the early occurrence of serious disagreements. While the success of the struggle for hberty in America had pro- foundly impressed the nations of Europe, on the other hand tlio theories i)roclaimed by the radicals in France had already attracted attention in the United States •and seriously affected a large element of the population. Indeed, French revolutionary ideas were destined to become of some political importance during the ad- ministration of President Washington, a consideration which doubtless caused the patient and sagacious President periods of grave anxiety. In fact, in 1790 problems arose on all sides. It appears to liave been an open question, at times, whetlier a dozen self-willeil commonwealths, having different views upon many questions of public poUcy, and great independence of thouglit and action, ever could be brouglit to bend sub- missively to the control of a constitution created for the good of all, but requiring of necessity many mutual •concessions and considerable breatlth of view. BOUNDARIES A.M) ATIE.V. In 1790 the I'nion consisted of 1.3 states — Rhode Island, the hist of the original 13 to enter tlie Union, being admitted on May 29. Vermont, the first addi- ' "AVhile the American Union was forminp; itself, some of the worst Bvmptr)ms of soirial and political die.-'oliition were manifesting thoinselvos » * *. The greatest revelation rendered to all sub- senucnt generations by these opening years of tho American Re- public is in tho constaiit proof they exhibit of the prevailing power of the people for self-government * * *. It was reserved for the sagacity of Uamilton— an alien genius, a rare creation independent of race or time — to see through to the end, to uphold the possibilities of an empire. But the mca of tho time, the concrete actual per- sonification of these godlike faculties, inchoate and dimly perceived in common men, was Geoi^o Washington." — Wcedcn: Economic and Social History of New England, Vol. II, pages S64 to 967. tion, was admitted in 1791, before the census had been completed. Massachu.setts included Maine, Virginia included West Virginia and nominally' included Ken- tucky. Georgia included parts of Alabama and Mis- sissippi. Tho present state of Tenne.ssee, formed out of territory ceded to the Union by North Carolina, was known as the Territory South of the Oliio River, or Southwest Territory. The vast area between the Ohio and Mississipjji rivei-s and the Great Lakes — compris- ing the present states of Ohio, Indiana, IlUnois, Michi- gan, and Wisconsin, with part of Minnesota — was called the Territory Northwest of the Oliio River, or Northwest Territory. The United States in 1790 was bounded on the west by the Mississippi river, beyond wiiich stretched a vast unexplored territory claimed by the Spanish king. On the south was the Spanish colony of Florida, of which the northern boundary was in dispute, but be- tween which and the settlements in Georgia stretched an uninhaljited region containing vast swamps. The northern boundary also was in dispute for long dis- tances; the boundary between Maine and the Do- minion of Canada was a fertile source of contention; as a result of the fact that the water line through the St. Lawrence river and the Great Lakes was undefined, some of the islands in those waters were claimed by both the United States and Great Britain; and the dis- covery that the Mississippi river did not extend as far north as the Lake of the Woods revealed a gap in the boundary' line of the Northwest. It was not until more than fifty j'ears later, by the Ashburton treaty, that the boundary of Maine was fully determined and the boundary through Lake Superior and thence to the Lake of the Woods agreed upon. The gross area of the United States in 1790 was 820,377 square miles, but the settled area was only 239,935 square miles, or about 29 per cent of tho total. The thickly populated areas were along the seaboard and in the valleys of the larger rivere. Western New York was a wilderness; rude frontier forts occupied the present sites of Oswego and LUica; and Bingham- ton and Elmira were outposts of civilization, th.e for- mer having been settled in 1787 and the latter in 1788. J.Iuch of western Pennsylvania, also, was a wilderness. At tlie time of the Declaration of Indepentlcnce only 6 of the 13 American states — New Hampshire, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland — had definite boundaries. Each of the others laid claim, on the strength of early and often verj' conflicting grants of territory, to large and ill- defined areas in the vjtst unexplored region west of the Appalachian mountains. The ownership of the.so western lands by individual states vr^a opposed by thoc;o states which did not share in their posses.'iion, mainly on the ground that tho rossources of tho General Government, to which all contributed, shotild not be taxed for the protection and development of this region, while its advantages would inure INHABITED AREA IN UNITED STATES IN 1790. a u L F o\f m e X I \c o THE UNITED STATES 1790 SCALE OF MIL ES 200 300 ^—M^M^ FRONTIER LINE I^ingitude THE UNITED STATEvS IX 1790. 19 to the benefit of but a favored few. On this ground several of the states refused to ratify the Constitution until this matter had been settled by the cession of these tracts to the General Government. Moved by these arguments, as well as by the consideration of the conflicting character of the claims, which must inevitably lead to trouble among the states. Congress passed, on October 30, 1779, the following act: Whereas the appropriation of the vacant lands by the several states duriiijj the present war will, in the opinion of Congress, be attended with great mischiefs. Therefore, Re-iohed, That it be earnestly recommended to the state of Vir- ginia to recon.sider their late act of assembly for opening their land oflSce; and it be recommended to the said state, and all other states similarly circumstanced, to forbear settling or issuing warrants for unappropriated lands, or granting the same during the continuance of the present war.' By 1790 Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, and Virginia had ceded to the Federal Government all right and title to lands claimed by them in the North- west Territor}^ ^\ith the exception of what was known as the "Connecticut Reserve;" North Caro- hna and South CaroUna had yielded up tlieir claims to territory extending to the Missis-sippi; and Maine, Vermont, and Kentucky were sufficiently distinct to be reported separately at the First Census. Georgia still held out, but Georgia's western territory was practically a wldemess, the enumerated area being merely that part of the present state which lies along the seacoast. In 1790 the claim of the Federal Government to ownership of the vast areas between the Appalachian mountains and the Mississippi river was still subject, to some extent, to the rights of the Indians ; but such rights had never been seriously regarded iu the past, and in fact subsequently proved of little consequence in the settlement of the territory. The greatest length of the Northwest Territory was about 900 miles, and its greatest breadth, approximately 700. It was bounded on the east by Pennsylvania, on the southeast by the Ohio river, and on the north and west by the international boundar}^. By contemporary writers it was estimated to contain 220,000,000 acres of land surface. This land, with the exception of a few tracts, was held by the Federal Government, to be sold for the discharge of the national debt. One exception was the narrow strip known as tlie "Con- necticut Kesei-ve," bordering on Lake Erie and stretch- ing 120 miles west of the western boundary of Penn- sylvania. This tract belonged to the state of Con- necticut. Title to about one-sixth of it was given to citizens of Connecticut who had lost property in the Revolution, and the remainder was sold bj' the state, in 1795-96, to the Connecticut Land Company, for $1,200,000, the proceeds being used for the support of schools and colleges in that state. It was not until the year 1800 that Connecticut relinquished jurisdiction over this region in favor of the Federal Government. By an act of Congress passed on the 13th of July, 1787, the Northwest Territory was erected, for the pur- • Henry Gannett, United States Geological Survey, "Boundaries of the United States," third edition, page 30. poses of temporary government, into one district — subject, however, to a division when circumstances should make it expedient. The fifth article of tliis act provided that there should be formed in the ter- ritory not less than 3 nor more f lian 5 states. Under its terms tentative state boundaries appear to have been constructed for the maximum number, which are shown upon contemporary ma]>s as First State, Second State, etc. The First State rouglily coincided with the present state of Ohio, the Second with a part of the present state of Inm ed ad )rt ^ . jj- G ay 3W IS- m on ia, ti- or he he ■m he ?h d- or in it ^. It. ,'h V- id fa of It 'd .d le 1- te e. n 1- I; le it THE UNITED STATES IX 1790. 21 In Virginia the lack of specie was supplied largely by ])aper currency called "tobacco money." Tliis was a genuine asset currency, the notes being sinijjly the ])ubUc warehouse receii)ts for the tobacco placed therein. They circulated freely in the state, according to the known value of the tobacco. In 1790 there were but three banks in the United States: The Bank of North America, established in the city of Philadeli)liia; the Bank of New York; and the Bank of Massachusetts, in Boston. Of these three, the first-named is the only one which had at any time a direct relation with the Federal Government. TRANSPORT.\TION. The common mode of travel before the Kevolution was by boat or horse. The river valleys are usually the portions of a country first settled, and in the newer portions of America travel was often by river routes. Many persons did not own carriages or wagons; incon- seiiuence, a considerable j)roportion of the ])0])ulation had no retiuirement for wagon roads. This was par- ticularly the case in the South, where the plantations were situated along the banks of navigable streams and products were marketed by boat. AVith the growth of the colonics, and an increasing recjuirement for intercommunication, the extension of stagectiach systems was very rapid, and became especially marked after the Revolution. As might be exju'ctetl, such extension was coincident with the opening of many new roads and the improvement of existing highways. In 1790, however, there remained many sections of the country in which there were ning these letters, and if this section pa.s.«os they will be furnished with an excuse for not taking them; and it appears very unreasonable and absurd that the public should pay the proprietors of the stage,'' for transporting the mail, and in this way be defrauded out of that revenue which they arc undoubtedly entitled to receive." — Mr. Livermorc, of House of Representatives, June, ITJO. At this time there were about twenty different con- tracts for carrying the mail, and this had a tendency to confuse the system.* The Postmaster-General states, in a report submitted to Congress in 1790, that "every contractor consults his own interest as to the days and hours of arrival and departure of the mail, without having a due regard to the necessary connection of the post office. A regular system of days and hours of departure has never been established farther south- ward than Alexandria." The revenue of the post office at this period arose "principally from letters passing from one seaport to another." The amount of postage depended upon the distance the letter was to be carried. The postage on letters was usually collected at the place of delivery, but the postmaster had authority to collect it at the place of posting if he desired to do so. In 1787 the postage on letters established in the ordinance of 1782 was reduced 25 per cent, and the Postmaster-General was instructed to fix such rates for the carriage of large packages as he judged would be most likely to induce persons to j)atronize the post. These rates contiimcd in force until 1792. It has been asserted bj^ many historians that news- papers were not sent by post at this period, but the ordinance quoted seems to make provision for them to be so sent. Moreover, the Postmaster-General states that "newspapers, which have hitherto passed free of postage, circulate extensively llirough the post offices; one or two cents upon each woidd probably amount to as much as the expense of transporting the mail." By a law approved February- 20, 1792, the following rates of postage went into effect: For the postage of every single letter — imder 30 miles, 6 cents; 30 to 60 miles, 8 cents; 60 to 100 miles, 10 cents; 100 to 150 miles, 12§ cents; 150 to 200 miles, 15 cents; 200 to 250 miles, 17 cents; 250 to 350 miles, 20 cents; 350 to 450 miles, 22 cents ; over 450 miles, 25 cents. ' ' i\jid every double letter shall pay double the said rates; every triple letter, triple; ever}' packet weighing one oimce avoirdupois, to pay at the rate of four single letters for ^ "No letters from the northward or eastward of this, bearing dale between the l.'ith and 301h of May, have come to my bands; and having abundant evidence, before I reached Charleston, of the slow movement of the mail, through the three southernmost states, I did, before I left that place, on the 9th of that month, direct that all letters which might be for and following me, be relumed to Fredericksburg, as the first place I should touch the jmst line upon my return. But, these directions not arriving in Richmond in time, as I conjecture, the letters of that interval agreeably to the superscriptions, which I am informed were on them, were forwarded from that place to Taylor's Ferry in expectation of meeting me there. But to this circumstance, whicfi was unknown to me, and to finding from better information than I set out with, that it would be more convenient to cross James river higher up than at Taylor's, is to be ascribed my missing the communications, which were made be- tween the \'i\\i and 30th of May, as mentioned before. These dispatches I may be long without, and perhaps never get ; for there are no cross posts in those parts, and the letters, which will have to pass through manv hands, may find some who are not deficient iu curiosity." — The \Vrilings of George Washington, Vol. XII, page 45, POST OFFICES IN THE UNITED STATES, 1790. THE UNITED STATES IN 1790. 25 each ounce, and in that proportion for any greater weight." The rate on newspapers was fixed at one cent for carriage under 100 miles, and one and one-half cents for a greater distance. But every printer of news- papers was allowed to send one paper free to each and every other printer of newspapers witiiin the United States, subject to such regulations as the Postmaster- General should provide. These rates continued until 1S16. The franking privilege at this time was quite extensive, and undoubtedly made serious inroads upon the revenue. Postage could not be paid in paper currency; specie alone was receivable. As the coins in the different states varied, tiic payment was attended with some confusion. The Postmaster-General, in his report to Congress in 1790, states that " the postage on a single letter from New York to Philadelphia is one penny- weight eight grains, or sixpence two-thirds Penns\'l- vania currency. This can not be made out in any pieces of coin current in the United States. The letters are charged with seven pence, which is right; for if there must be a fraction, it ougiit always to be taken in favor of the post office." He further stated that the postage on letters probably averaged about fifteen cents. The 75 post offices which had been established up to 1790 were distributed as follows: Maine. — Wiscasset, Portland. New Hampshire. — Portsmouth. MassachiiselU. — Newburyport, Ipswich, Salem, Boston, Worces- ter, Springfield. Rhode Island. — Providence, Newport, East Greenwich, South Kingstown. Connecticut. — Hartford, Middletown, New Haven, Stratford, Fairfield, Norwalk, Stamford, New London, Norwich. Nciv York. — New York. New Jersey. — Newark, Elizabeth town, Brunswick, Princeton, Trenton. Pennsylvania. — Bristol, Philadelphia, Chester, Lancaster, York- town, Carlisle, Shippensburg, Chambersburg, Bedford, Pittsburg. Delaware. — Wilmington, Duck Creek, Dover. Maryland. — Elkton, Charlestown, Havre de Grace, Harford, Bal- timore, Bladensburg, Georgetown, Warwick, Georgetown Cross Roads, Chestertown, Chester Mills, Easton. Virginia. — Alexandria, Colchester, Dumfries, Fredericksburg, Bowling Green, Hanover Court House, Kichmond, Petersburg, Cabinpoint, Smithfield, Suffolk, Williamsburg, Yorktown, Hamp- ton, Norfolk. North Carolina. — Edenton, Washington, Newbern, Wilmington. South Carolina. — Georgetown, Charleston. Georgia. — Savannah. It appears from this analysis that the state of Ver- mont, the district of Kentucky, and the Southwest Territory (Tennessee) possessed no postal facilities whatever; and that three states, including the promi- nent state of New York, had but one post office each. It is evident, however, that the postal conditions at the date of the First Census were generally regarded as inadequate and imsuited to the requirements of the country. The act of 1792, which was an attempt to effect a material improvement in the postal conditions, resulted in the prompt increase in the number of post offices. The number reported by the Post Office Department in 1796 was 503. Analysis of the geographic location of the post offices in existence in 1790. United SUtes.. N'ew England states. Maine New Hampshire. \'crrnont .Ma-ssachusetts lihode Island Connecticut Middle states. New York New Jersey Pennsylvania.. Delaware Southern states. Maryland Virginia West Virginja North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Kentucky Southwest Territory. 75 19 1 S 10 3 34 12 15 4 2 1 It will be observed that in 1790 just about half of the post offices were situated in the Southern states. An analysis of the larger number reported in 1796 shows a similar proportion, suggesting an apparent desire on the part of the Federal Government to main- tain equal postal facilities in the various sections of the Republic. INDUSTRIES. During the period of constitutional government in the United States the inhabitants of the Republic have derived their support, and individuals tiiid com- munities have accumulated wealth, principally from three main classes of industries — agriculture, manu- factures, and mining. To these should be added the fisheries, and also commerce — both interstate and foreign ; the last-named class, however, depends largely upon the products of the other callings. The conditions which prevailed in 1790 in connec- tion with each of these great industries were the be- ginnings of the operations which, steadily increasing in magnitude during the nineteenth centurj^ have attained proportions that have attracted the attention and admiration of other nations. Problems which were confronted at that period in connection with marketing foodstuffs and merchan- dise were entirely different from those which prevailed after the lapse of a few decades. In the interior, laborious journeys by horse or in stage or wagon, along newly broken highways, formed the solo means of communication by land. Water transportation was afforded by sailing vessels making trips which were usually without schedule and almost alwaj's uncertain. Hence, each state depended principally upon its own 26 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. products not only for food, but for most of the other requirements of its communities. Merchandise and produce that could not stand a freight charge of $15 per ton could not be carried overland to a consumer 150 miles from the point of production; as roads were, a distance of 50 miles h-om market often made industrial independence expedient. WTiere the produce of the farms could not be sold, where wood and lumber were not marketable, the people had no resource but to raise their own wool and flax, and spin and weave and make their own clothing. Other crafts felt these influences, although the working of wood and metals and leather fell to skilled artisans in the villages rather than to the household. The local store had a small traflic in articles that could not be produced, and in luxuries. Salt fish was widely dis- tributed; rum went everywhere; salt was a universal necessity; tools and utensils and furniture were imported; a few articles of dress carried the style of the city to the hamlet, so insignificant was the traffic uniting the country town to the great world.' In all callings the changes which have been in prog- ress from 1790 to 1900 have been in the direction of the utihzation of the services of others and the em- ployment of labor saving machinery to incfease prod- uct and the profit of the employer. These changes have been particularly marked in connection with manufacturing and mining enterprises. In commerce — a calling in which the services of others were freely employed at the close of the eighteenth century — the change in this particidar has been much less pro- nounced. Although the commerce of the United States has assumed enormous proportions during the century or more which has elapsed since 1790, the greatest de- velopment of the nation has been in the three main classes of occupations — agriculture, manufactures, and mining. In fact, analysis of the population statis- tics of the United States in 1900 shows that of the 30,000,000 persons engaged in gainful occupations, approximately 20,100,000, or 67 per cent, claimed some connection with one of these three classes. It is unfortunate that tliere are no industrial statis- tics for 1790. It is possible, however, to sketch with some degree of accuracy the relative importance to the community of each of the industries mentioned as a source of subsistence and wealth. Agriculture. — The economic conditions wliich pre- vailed in 1790 present a marked contrast with those which have developed since and wliich prevailed univer- sally in 1900. In 1900 the proportion of those engaged in agriculture was ordy about one-tliird of all persons gainfully employed. At the close of the eighteenth century the greater part of the inhabitants of the United States derived their support from this industry. It is probable that nine out of every ten breadwinners were engaged in some form of agriculture during the greater part of the year; indeed, in the Southern states the proportion was somewhat larger. Horses, cattle, and swine, in numbers proportionate to the needs of the population, were raised in every 'Wilbert Lee Anderson: The Country Town, page 20. State. Sheep were raised principally in the New Eng- land and Middle states. The principal wheat pro- ducing state was Pennsylvania. The staple crop of Maryland, Virginia, and North CaroUna was tobacco, and that of South Carohna was rice. Cotton was but little cultivated. Some hemp and flax were raised in the New England and Middle states. The more thrifty and capable citizens engaged in agriculture in 1790 were doubtless obtaining a modest return, but it is unhkely that any large fortunes were being amassed from distinctly agricultural operations. In the South, it is true, some planters owned very large plantations and large numbers of slaves; but it is probable that few individuals had acquired great wealth. In the North slave labor was unprofitable for numerous reasons; thus it came about that in the Northern states nearly every farmer tilled liis own land, and, not being able to secure labor when he wanted it, was unable to accumulate wealth by utihzing sys- tematically the services of others. Manufactures. — During the Colonial period the mother country had discouraged the ambitions of the colonists in the direction of manufactures. At that time Great Britain was upon the threshold of the extraordinary industrial activity which developed dur- ing the nineteenth century; it was obviously to her advantage to prevent the colonies from securing inde- pendence in manufactures, in order to maintain and extend the market for her own products. During the Kevolution this source of supply was suddenly cut off, and under the pressure of necessity many manufac- turing enterprises sprang up in the rebelhous colonies. Upon the conclusion of peace in 1783, however, the EngUsh manufacturers flooded the American market with their manufactured products. Tliis state of. affairs for a time embarrassed and discouraged native manufacturers. At the period under consideration manufactures in the United States consisted almost entirely of neigh- borhood industries, or hand trades. The modern factory system, involving division of labor and the employment of labor saving macliinery, was prac- tically unknown. In several of the shoe shops of Lynn and other New England cities, some division of , labor had been introduced, but for the most part each I workman made an entire shoe. Practically the same conditions obtained in other branches of manufacture. In January, 1790, when President Washington de- hvered his first annual message to Congress, he was clad in a suit made of broadcloth woven at Hartford, Conn. In this message the subject of the promotion of manufactures in the young Repubhc was com- mended to the attention of Congress, and in pursuance of tliis suggestion Congress requested the Secretary of the Treasury to prepare a report upon the state of manufacturing industries, in order to render the United States industrially independent of other nations, so THE UNITED STATES IX 1790. 27 far as practicable. In accordance ^vith this request Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, in the following year (1791) submitted to Congress a report which added materially to his reputation as a states- man. This report was twice reprinted by order of Congress. Already the ingenuity of the citizens of the United States had created, here and there in the New England and Middle states, infant industries which subsequently developed far beyond the dreams of that period. Indeed, the number of specific industries noted as in existence in 1790 was more than double the number of those which were known to have existed prior to the Revolution. ilr. Tench Coxe, the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, estimated the value of manufactures in the United States in 1790 at more than .$20,000,000. Three years later he reported that the value of manu- factures was, in his opinion, double the value of the exports of native commodities, and much greater than the value of all imports.' A large proportion of the manufactured goods in- cluded by Secretary Hamilton and Mr. Coxe was pro- duced in households. In many villages and upon farms, during periods of the year in which their services were not actively required in agricultural pursuits, en- tire families devoted their time to spinning, weaving, and making up coarse cloths. It was estimated that in many locaHties from two-thirds to four-fiftlis of the clothing of the inhabitants was made by themselves. The primary demand for such products was of course domestic, but a large surplus found its way into the markets. The textile industry had made but a small beginning in 1790. Because of competition with the factory product of England, where the making of textiles had already reached a high degree of perfection, the prog- ress of the manufacturers in the young Republic was slow and discouraging. A cotton mill was established at Beverly, Mass., in 1787, but did not long survive. In Rhode Island, however, Samuel Slater, who had emigrated from England, constructed at Pawtucket a factory with macliinery on the English plan. This es- tablishment was a success from the outset, and formed the first successful cotton mill in the United States. Thereafter the growth of textile industries was steadily away from household toward factory product. In 1790 the shipbuilding industry had attained con- siderable proportions. The success of this industry was, in large measure, due to the facilities for the con- struction of vessels and ships of all sizes, resulting from excellent harbors, with timber growing to the water's edge. Mr. Coxe observed in 179.3 that the shipbuilding industry in the United States had growTi more rapidly in 1792 than in any prior j'ear since the settlement of the country. Generally speaking, shipbuilding had ' First Century of the Republic (Harper'a), page 161. never been better understood and had never been carried to greater perfection, than at that period and in the early decades of the nineteenth century. Manufactures of iron, also, were of considerable im- portance. In 1790 this industry centered in the Mid- dle states and Virginia, though considerable quantities of manufactured iron were produced in Massachusetts, where in 1784 there were 70 iron works — most of which, however, were small. In a debate in the House of Representati%es in the First Congress, while a tariff upon spikes, nails, etc., was under consideration, Rep- resentative Ames, of Massachusetts, said : "This manu- facture, with very little encouragement, has grown up remarkably. It has become common for the country people in Massachusetts to erect small forges in their chimney comers, and in winter, and on evenings when little other work can be done, great quantities of nails are made, even by chiklren. These people take the rod iron of the merchant and return him the nails, and in consequence of this easy mode of barter the manu- facture is prodigiously great. These advantages are not exclusively in the hands of the people of Massa- chusetts. The business might be prosecuteil in a simi- lar manner in every state exerting equal industry." Paper making was pursued extensively in several of the states. In 1790 there were 53 paper mills witlun range of the Philadelphia market. In the First Con- gress it was stated in debate that the paper mills of Pennsylvania produced annually 70,000 reams of vari- ous kinds of paper, which competed favorably ^^•ith the imported product. Glass was manufactured in consiilerable quantities in several of the states, among wliich Virginia was prominent. The manufacture of boots and shoes, the curing and dressing of fish, the production of soap, of tobacco products, and of various articles of necessity, utility, or comfort were well under way. But at that period little or nothing was manufactured in the United States solely for luxury or elegance. Mining. — At the close of the eighteenth century the mineral resources of the United States, as thej* are known to-day and have been known for many years, were practically unsuspected. Probably no section of tlie continent is richer in mineral resources than that including Pennsylvania, West Mrginia, and portions of contiguous states; yet the inhabitants of the United States in 1790 had no loiowledge of the great natural wealth of these areas. The existence of petroleum in Pennsylvania and of extensive deposits of coal and iron in that state and in Virginia was kno^vn, and iron works were numerous in many states ; but little of the coal was mined, and the use and value of petroleum were unknowTi. This ignorance concerning the mineral resources of the country, however; is not surprising; the territory containing the greatest mineral wealth was either thinly settled or an unexplored wilderness. Nor is it siu-prising that the mineral resources known to exist 28 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. were not developed. Mining operations as understood to-day were unkno\\Ti,and the mining and treatment of ores was conducted in the most primitive fashion. The steam engine had not yet become the servant of the miner, either at the mine or upon rails. Indeed, the cost of transportation was so great that mining was improfitahle unless conducted near large cities or waterways. Coal was consumed in the United States in very small quantities. Ignorant of the vast stores of this mineral which underlie entire counties, those who re- quired coal imported it. The quantity brought into the coimtry during the year ending September .30, 1790, was 183,677 bushels. But bituminous coal was being mined at Spottsylvania, in the Richmond basin, in Vir-' srinia, and bv 17S9 some of this found its wav into the northern markets; in 1789 Virginia coal sold in Phila- delphia at Is. 6d. a bushel. Bituminous coal was mined, or rather shoveled, from the earth, also, in the Pittsburg district in Pennsylvania; but none of this found its way across the mountains. Seams of anthra- cite had been discovered at Wilkes-Barre, Plymouth, Kingston, and Exeter, in Luzerne county, and at sev- eral places in Schuylkill county. Pa., and along the Hudson river, in New York. Some smiths are said to have used this material in their forges, but the value of anthracite as a fuel was practically unknown.' A newspaper of the time stated that these seams might some day become valuable on accovmt of the possible existence of fossils embedded in them. Iron ore was mined in the American colonies as early as the seventeenth century. Practically all of the American product was made with charcoal. In 1790 the production of iron in this country appeared to be fully equal to the consumption. The exports of pig iron in that year amounted to 3,555 tons. Iron was mined in nearly every state. Bog and pond ores were obtained in eastern Massachusetts; rich iron ore was minetl at Cumberland Hill, R. I., at Lime Rock and other places in Connecticut, in Orange county, N. Y., and in many places in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia. Morris county, N. J., was particularly prominent in the production of iron. Mr. J. M. Swank quotes from Jedediah Morse the following record of iron enterprises which were in existence in New Jersey between 1790 and 1795: The iron manufactories are, of all others, the greatest source of wealth to the state. Iron works are erected in Gloucester, Bur- lington, Morris, and other counties. The mountains in the county of Morris give rise to a number of streams necessary and convenient for these works, and at the same time furnish a copious supply of wood and ore of a superior quality. In this county alone are no less than seven rich iron mines, from which might be taken ore suffi- ■ "In 1812 Col. George Shoemaker, of Pottsville, Pa., loaded nine wagons with coal from his mines at Centreville and hauled it to Philadelphia, where with great difficulty he sold two loads at the cost of transportation and gave the other seven loads away. He was by many regarded as an impostor for attempting to sell stone as coal." — /. M. Swank: Iron tn All Ages, page 474. cient to supply the United States; and to work it into iron, are two furnaces, two rolling and slitting mills, and about thirty forges, containing from two to four fires each. These works produce annu- ally about 540 tons of bar iron, 800 tons of pigs, besides large quan- tities of hollow ware, sheet iron, and nail rods. In the whole state it is supposed there is yearly made about 1,200 tons of bar iron, 1,200 ditto of pigs, 80 ditto of nail rods, exclusive of hollow ware and va- rious other castings, of which vast quantities are made. Steel was manufactured at Trenton in time of the war, but not considerably since. - In Pennsylvania rich deposits of iron were known to exist in at least 11 of the 22 counties, and consider- able quantities of pig iron were produced in Berks, Chester, Dauphin, Franklin, Lancaster, Mifflin, and Washington counties. In "Notes on the State of Virginia," written in 1781 and 1782, Thomas Jeflferson mentioned several iron mines on the south side of the James river and at other places in the state, and estimated the annual output of the mines of that state at approximately 5,000 tons. Lead was found in Herkimer county, N. Y., and in the moimtains of Virginia, but the quantity produced was small. The area wliich is now southwestern Mis- souri, but which in 1790 was not a part of the United States, contained lead mines of considerable impor- tance at that period ; from about the middle of the eighteenth century to the year 1800 the output of these mines is said to have aggregated 8,000 tons. Several attempts had been made to mine gold, sil- ver, and copper in different states; but for the most part they were financial failures and were soon aban- doned. Copper mines in Connecticut, New Jersey, and Maryland had been worked intermittently during the eighteenth century; but none were in operation in 1790, with the possible exception of one at Belle- ville, N. J. Montgomery county, N. Y., supplied small amounts of sulphur, and caves of Virginia considerable quan- tities of saltpeter. Fisheries.— In 1790 the United States had 539 ves- sels and 3,287 seamen engaged in the cod fishery, all in Massachusetts — Marblehead and Gloucester being the leading towns in this industry. The whaling industry, also, was confined almost en- tirely to Massachusetts. Whaling operations were carried on principally in the waters of the North At- lantic, as far as Greenland. The sperm whale of the South Atlantic was but little hunted at this period. It was not, indeed, imtil a few j^ears later that the whaling industry assumed large proportions. Only about 40 whaling vessels were fitted out each year, most of them from Dartmouth (which then in- cluded New Bedford), Wellflcet and other Cape Cod ports, and Nantucket. Probably less than 1,000 sea- men were employed; but the industry gave rise to dependent industries, which afforded employment to a considerable number in addition. -J. M. Swank, Iron in All Ages, page 162. THE UNITED STATES IN 1790. 29 The cod and whale fisheries represented almost the whole fishing industry in 1790, though herring were caught on the New England coast, and oysters were gathered in the South for local consumption. The total tonnage of the fishing vessels of each state is given in Table 5, on page 30. Commerce. — Attention has already been called to the fact that by 1790 the shipbuilding industry had attained considerable proportions in the United States. At first the ships constructed wore disposed of in England. In time, however, the colonies awoke to the possibilities of profitable trade, and a maritime class arose, bringing about an extensive interchange of products between the inhabitants of North America and those of other lands. In 1790 commerce offered the most promising field for the profitable investment of capital, and was the chief outlet for business ability and capacity. It also affordeil the ])rincipal opportunity for the accumu- lation of great indivndual wealth. John Jacob Astor had already acquired, in the fur trade, a fortune (amounting to 81,000,000) of great magnitude for that period. In all the large seaboard towns were to be found merchants who owned vessels plying to foreign ports. In these ships they transported mer- chandise, either on their own account or on that of others. Many of the merchants in Boston, New York, and Philadelphia had amassed fortunes which enabled them to live in a style of luxury and elegance ; John Hancock, of Boston, and Stephen Girard, of Philadelphia, were examples of this class of citizens. The prosperity of the mercantile and commercial in- terests of the colonies had not been viewed with favor in England. Many restrictions were placed by the British Government upon the commerce of the col- onies. But in the face of these restrictions — many of which were often disregarded — the colonies had suc- ceeded in maintaining a considerable commerce up to the beginning of the Revolutionary War. This con- test brought disaster to the commercial interests of the country, especially to the commercial state of Rhode Island and to many ports in other New England states. After tiie conclusion of peace, the volume of commerce grew rapidly, but the centers of commercial prosperity did not continue the same as thej^ were before the war. By the close of the eighteenth century the com- merce of the young Republic had greatly increased. American vessels had pushed to the Orient and to the coasts of Africa, and had established a profitable trade with tho.se regions. The following extract affords an idea of the com- mercial activities of the time: Our public papers vaunt the magnificence of the European nations, who make discoveries and voyages round the world; the Americans do the same thing; but they boast not of their exploits with 80 much emphasis. In September, 1790, the ship Columbia, Captain Gray, sailed to discover the northwest of this continent; this is his second voyage round the world; the brig Hope has sailed for the same object. Our papers have resounded with the quarrels of the English and Spaniards for the commerce of Nootka Sound. The Americans make no quarrels; but they have already made a considerable commerce on the same coast in furs and peltry. They were there trading in the year 1789, in good intelligence with both parties. In the same year no less than forty-four vciwels were sent from the single town of Boston to the northwest of .\nierifa, to India, and to China. They bound not their hopes here; they expect, one day, to open a communication more direct to Nootka Sound. It is probable that this place is not far from the headwater of the Missis- sippi; which the Americans will soon navigate to its source, when they shall begin to people Louisiana and the interior of New Mexico.' According to American State Papers, the imports into and exports from the United States for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1790, were each valued at a little over §20,000,000, or about 85 per capita. Ex- ports to the value of .Sr),«!S8,97S.50 were sent to Great Britain and Ireland; to the value of 82,077,757.50, to the British West Indies ; and to the value of $3,284,656, to the French West Indies. The principal imports into the country subject to dutj'^ during the same period, in order of value, were distilled spirits, wines, molasses, sugar, cofi'ee, tea, salt, nails and spikes, steel (unwrought), candles, cheese, and soap. The principal articles of export for that year, ar- ranged according to value, were Hour, tobacco, rice, wheat, corn, dried fish, potash, indigo, staves and heading, horses, meal, beef, and boards. The changes in the value of ftireign commerce be- tween 1790 and 1907 are indicated in the following table: IMPORTS. EXPORTS. YEAR. Total. Per capita. Total. Per capita. 1790' »$20.000.000 1,434,«1,425 »5.09 1G.S5 >$20.205,!56 1,880.851,078 tS. 14 1907 21.60 ' August. 1789. to Soplemher 30, 1790. • The value of Imports subject to ad valorem duties was $15,388,409.11. The American Stale Papers do not plve the value of those which were subject to specific duties and those wliich were free, but responsible historians have stated that the value of the total iniporls for 1790 w;is sliRhtly in e.wess of t20.000.0e0. • Tench Coxe, the Assisiant Secretary of the Treasury under Washington, Id making his report on the value of the exports for the fiscal year 1790, says: "In addition to tlie foregoing, a consideral>ie numljer of pacliages'have been exported from the United States, the value of which, being omitted in the returns from the custom-houses, couid not be introduced into this abstract." It will be observed that the changes in per capita averages in a century amounted to a threefoUl increase in imports and more than a fourfold increase in exports. The following data as to the tonnage of .American and foreign vessels entering the ports of the United States in 1790 are taken from Burnaby's Travels:* 'M. de VVarville, Travels in North America, 1791. ^ Bi'rnaby's Travels through North Americja, third edition, Ap- pendix No. 2. A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. 30 T.BiE 5 -TONNAGE OP VESSELS WHICH ENTERED THE PORTS OF THE UNITED STATES DURING THE YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, 1790, BY STATE OF ENTRY. United States. New Hampshire. Massac liusetts... Rhode Island'... Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Principal ports. Portsmouth Boston, Salem Newport New Haven, New London. New York Philadelphia. Baltimore. Virpnia Norfolk. .Alexandria XTrtrfh r'Qr/^IinQ2 Wilmington. Npwbp North Carolina South Carolina' Georgia Wilmington, Newbern. Charleston Savannah TONNAGE OF VESSELS B ELONGING TO— 766,091 17,011 197,368 9,842 33, 173 92,114 5,861 109,918 5,924 88.255 103,893 35, 126 40. 361 27,245 United States. Total. 502,526 13,519 177,022 9.526 30,617 48, 274 5.614 66, 997 4,142 55,431 43.529 29,941 17.380 10, 634 Vessels in the over-sea trade. Coasting vessels of over 20 tons. 363,093 11, 376 99, 123 7,062 24,287 42, 071 2,085 50, 942 2,681 39.272 33, 500 24,218 10.872 9,544 113,181 Fishing vessels. 26,252 473 24,826 838 United States with some foreign country. Foreign countries. Total. 202, 914 3,492 20, 346 316 2,556 43,840 347 52,270 1,782 32,824 60.364 5,185 22, 981 16,611 Great Britain and Ireland 225,495 3,459 19,493 96 2,556 36, 917 267 42,604 1,782 23, 340 56,273 4,942 18,725 15,041 All other. 37,419 33 853 220 6,923 80 9,666 9,484 4,091 243 4,256 1,570 1 Returns from June 21, 1790. - Returns from March 11, 1790. ' Returns for Charleston are for three-fourths of the year only. The ports of Massachusetts show a larger total tonnage and also a larger tonnage of linited States vessels (both over-sea and coastwise) than those of any other state; and to this large proportion should be added nearly all the vessels engaged in the fisheries. The countries owning the foreign vessels for which the tonnage is included in Table 5, and the tonnage brought in the vessels of the different countries, arranged in the order of their importance, were as follows : All foreign countries Great Britain Ireland France Netherlands Spain Portugal Denmark Germany Prussia Sweden Total tonnage. 262,914 222, 347 3,148 13, 435 8,815 8,551 2,925 1,619 1,369 394 311 Most of the imports and exports were landed in or sent from a few ports. The most important of these were Salem, Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Balti- more, and Charleston. About one-fifth of the value of imports was landed in New York, while about one- third of that of exports was shipped from Philadel- phia. Salem was the headquarters for the Pacific ocean and East Indian trade. More than forty ships were employed in this trade, principally from that port. The exports were ginseng, shipped direct to China, and beef, pork, flour, and wheat, generally disposed of at intermediate ports, on the outward passage. From Boston the principal articles of export were rum, potash, pea'rlash, lumber, fish, and the products of the fisheries, particularly whale oil, whalebone, soap, and candles. Rum was sent everywhere, but principally to Africa and its islands; most of the potash and pearlash, to Great Britain; lumber, prin- cipally to Great Britain and the West Indies; dried and pickled fish, to the French and Dutch West Indies; and whale oil, principally to France. The shipping from Newport, New Haven, and New London was carried on principally with the West Indies, and was not extensive. The exports were lumber, live stock, grain, and other farm produce. From New Haven occasional cargoes of flaxseed were sent to Ireland. Much of the commerce of New York was carried on with the West Indies. The princij^al exports from this city were wheat, flour, lumber, beef, pork, and live stock. The exports from Philadelphia exceeded in value those from any other port, largely because of the great quantities of flour and wheat exported. The West Indies afforded the principal market for flour, most of which was carried in American bottoms; Great Britain, France, Spain, and Portugal consumed the greater part of that sent to Europe. Nearly aU of the wheat was sent to Europe. Other important exports were Indian corn, meal, live stock, beef, and pork. The chief exports from Baltimore were tobacco, In- dian corn, wheat, and flour. The tobacco trade was conducted principally by foreign agents, with European capital, and largely in foreign shipping; most of the tobacco was sent to Great Britain and Holland. Wheat went in large quantities, in foreign vessels, to Spain and Portugal. Indian corn went chiefly to Portugal, though much of the corn was sent in American craft to the Eastern and Southern states. Charleston was by far the most important port of the South. The foreign commerce was large, and I THE UNITED STATES IN 1790. 31 about three-fifths of it was carried in foreign vessels. From Charleston was sent nearly all the rice and indigo exported. Great Britain, Germany, Holland, France, and the West Indies took most of tiie rice, and Great Britain and Holland nearly all the indigo. Other exports were tar, pilch, turpentine, tobacco, lumber, and cotton. The exports from Savannah were much the same as those from Charleston, and were carried principally in foreign vessels. The following table, from American State Papers, shows whence the incoming tonnage came. The data do not agree with those showni in Table .5 — Burnaby's table having been compiled later, and probably from revised figures. Table 6.— TONNAGE OF VESSELS WHICH ENTERED THE PORTS OP THE UNITED STATES DURING THE YEAR' ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, 1790, CL.\SSIFIED ACCORDING TO COUNTRY BY WHICH OWNED AND TRADE IX WHICH EMPLOYED. Total tonnage. TONNAGE IS OVER-SEA TBADE, FROM PORTS rS— TONNAGE or COASTER.S. Tonnage of foreign AU foreign coim tries. Europe and its islands.^ Asia and its islands.' Africa and its islands.',' Foreign America. Total. Licensed. Un- licensed. vessels (in- cluded in the fore- going) from pons into which ves- sels of the United States are not ad- mitted. OWNED BY— South of the United States. North of the United States. West All Indies, j other. 726,561 542,962 240,485 4,842 384 0K& 7M A ttsto 23,884 183,599 113,181 70,418 115,428 Unit Cape of Oood Hope and islands of Bourbon, Mauritius, and St. Helena are Included with Asia, Instead of with Africa. The countries show^l in the foregoing table as owners of the foreign shipping are the same, and are in the same order, as those given in the tabular statement on page 30, except that Germany in the statement mentioned is replaced hj the Hanse towns in Table 6. Of the over-sea commerce of 542,962 tons, more than half was carried in ships belonging to the United States (most of them being owned in Massachusetts), and the bulk of the remainder in British vessels. Nearly one-half of the imports from Europe were brought in vessels belonging to the United States. Particularly noticeable is the fact that nearly one- half of all imports were from the West Indie.>^, and that much more than one-half of the West Indian imports were brought in vessels belonging to the United States, chiefly from the French West Indies. Most of the remauider was brought in British vessels, from British West Indian ports into which the ships of the United States were not allowed to enter; it was in consequence of this fact that in 1790 measures were being agitated in Congress with a view to discriminating duties on cargoes of British vessels. EDUCATION. In all of the Northern states, laws were in force in 1790 which provided for the education of children in the rudiments of knowledge. In New England nearly everj-one possessed a common school education, and a person of mature years who could not read and write was rarely to be found. Every Massachusetts town having 50 householders or more was required to main- tain a schoolmaster to teach children and youth to read and write; and eveiy town that had 100 families was required to maintain a grammar school.' In the Middle states there were fewer state laws relating to compulsoiy education, but public schools were common. There were verj' few freebom illiter- ates in these states. In Pennsylvania and parts of New Jersey there were large numbers of GermaiLs, and in isolated localities the German language was in coiu- ' " A few academics with limited resources prepared lads for Har- vard or Yale. The preat body of the people were educated in the district school, two months in the winter by a man, two months in summer by a woman. The three R's were taught there by a poor scholar generally, or by a youth who was earning means to complete his own education. The range of books was verv limited. Stout old Ezekiel Cheever's Latin Accidence had held the ground during the century for the upper class of pupils. Noah Webster's spelling book was just coming into use, with Webster's Selections, Morse's Geography, and the Youth 'sPrecei)tor. The Bible was the ground- work of all reading. The helps to the pupils being few in compari- son with modern resources and methods, the self-help and reliance developed by this crude system of education was something remark- able. This appeared in average characters and ordinary minds." — Weeden: Economicand Social IJislory of ^'ew England, 16iiO-17S9, Vol. II, page 861. 32 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. mon use and was taught in the schools. It would appear, however, that tlie literacy was quite as high among the Germans as among the English. In the Southern states there were but few free public schools, because of the dispersed situation of the in- hal)itants; and in the larger to\\-ns there were but few academies. Education was confined largely to the wealthier classes. Wealthy men were accustomed to send their sons to the colleges in the Northern states or to Europe to complete their education. In the thinly settled western sections a large proportion of the peo- ple were illiterate. Among the slaves, illiteracy was almost the universal condition. Higher education in the United States in 1790 con- sisted largely in the study of the classics. The gradu- ating classes of 1789 in all the colleges aggregated only about 170. The following list shows the most im- portant colleges and universities in the United States in 1790, and in most instances gives the approximate number of students. INSTITUTION. Dartmouth College Harvard I'nivorsity Ehodc Island College (Brown Uni- versity). Yale College Columbia College Nassau Hall (I'rinceton University). Queens (Rutgers) College University of Pennsylvania Dickinson College. . ." Franklin College Washington College St. Johns College Georgetow-n Uni versity William and Mary College Location. Hanover, N. H Cambridge, Mass Providence, R. 1 New naven. Conn New York, N. Y I'rinceton, N. J Brunswick, N.J I'hiladelphia, Pa Carlisle, Fa Lancaster, Pa Chestertown, Md Annapolis, Md Georgetown, Md Williamsburg, Va Date of found- ing. 1769 1U30 1764 1700 1754 1746 17C6 1740 1783 1787 17S2 1784 178» 1693 Students in 1790. 152. 120 to 150. About GO. 150 to 250, 30 to 40. About 70. 30 to 40. About SO. About 30. Law, theology, and medicine were about the only professions in the United States in 1790. New England was the seat of learning in law and theology ; and Philadelphia — through the influence of Frank- lin — in medicine ' and science. Some of the colleges doubtless offered professional courses; but there were only two medical schools in the country, and no regular school of law. At that period it was custom- ary to acquire a professional education by a period ' "The physician had not then become the priest and natural con- fessor of the American household, as he is to-day; but he was of great importance in the social system. His education through books was scanty, judged by modern standards, while a large knowledge of human kind drawn from direct observation served to bring him into close accord with his patients. Apothecaries were hardly known outside the largest towns; for the doctors' saddlebags carried the simple pharmacy to the remotest hut. Cheerfully those public servants toiled over the hardest roads, in every season and in all weather, to attend rich and poor alike; 'the country doctor could not choose his patients if ho would. A rigid standard of custom gave his services to all who needed them, fees being hardly considered when anyone needed medical attendance. "The fees were very modest. Even in Boston, prior to 1782, the ordinary visit was charged at 1 shilling 6 pence to 2 shillings. Half a dollar was only charged 'such as were in high life.' In that year a club of the leading physicians fixed the common fee at 50 cents, in consultation at $1. Night visits were doubled; mid- wifery was at $8; capital operations in surgery, at £,5 lawful money; medicines were charged at very high prices, comparatively."— Weeden: Economic and Social History of New Enqland 16iiO-nS9 Vol. II, page 86.1. of study in the office of some one who had become eminent in law or medicine, as the case might be. NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS. The newspapers and periodicals known to have been published in the United States during some part of the year 1790 number 103. This number com- prises those publications which are fully authenticated, and of which a complete list will be foimd on page 33. It is believed to include all publications issued in several of the states, and the more influential and im- portant newspapers and periodicals published in the remaining states. The list, however, is probably in- complete. It is not to be dotibted that there were a considerable number of publications of which, after the lapse of more than a century, all record has van- ished. In some instances, indeed, references are made by local historians to publications which were evi- dently in existence in 1790, but of which no further trace can be found. The following table analyzes, by period of issue, the publications in each state in 1790: Newspapers and periodicals published in Ihe United States in 1790, classified by period of issue. STATE. s a >> J 3 1 g a a o B (5 d o s a United States . 103 8 12 73 6 1 3 New England states 37 3 32 2 Maine 2 6 2 14 4 9 42 2 5 2 10 4 9 22 1 2 2 7 4 I 2 14 3 23 2 24 3 4 4 2 14 2 19 1 ...... ...... 2 Pennsylvania 4 2 1 3 1 Maryland 9 9 1 2 2 1 2 7 9 Nortn Carolina 1 South Carolina 1 1 2 1 Of the 103 publications reported, 96 were news- papers and 7 were periodicals. More than one-third of the whole number were published in New England, and two-fifths in the Middle states. Most of the newspapers published south of the Potomac are credited to Maryland and Virginia. An examination of the proportions of daily, semi- weekly, weekly, and montlily publications in 1790 naturally suggests the following comparison with the corresponding j^roportions of the ijnmense volume of publications issued in 1900. The most striking fact revealed by this comparison is the growth of the daily • THE UNITED STATES IN 1790. 83 paper and the monthly periodical at the expense of weekly and semiweekly papers. PERIOD or ISSUE. 1790 1900 Daily 7.8 13.6 68.9 5.8 3.9 13.2 2.5 Weekly 34.9 34.6 All other 14.8 In 1790 the contents of newspapers were chiefly advertisements, notices of auction sales, sliipping news, short clippings from papers in other states, letters from places in the West and from the West India Islands, ami extracts from Eurojiean news- papers. There were also a few broad jokes and anecdotes scattered tliroujjh the pages. Events of local interest were .seklom published, and etlitorial remarks were few in number, although sometimes vigorous in expression. During the sessions of Congress the debates were published at length in all the daily papers, and impor- tant bills were given in full, even to the signatures of the President and Vice-President. But there were no news collecting agencies, and little of the news pubUshed seems to have come to the knowledge of the editors through any systematic efforts of their own. Very few, if any, of the papers had correspond- ents in different sections of the country. The weekly paper was in man}' cases the only outlet for literary activity. There were long dis- ' quisitions on religious and political topics, and essays after the manner of the Spectator were frecjuent. There were also numerous communications from local ^\Titers. These were never signe Established at Salem. Thomas B. Wait... BenJ. Titcomb George Hough Kliphalet Ladd Henry Ranlet James D. Grimth.. John Melchcr Geo. Jerry Osborne Anthony Haswell and Da- vid Russell. George Hough (?) and Al- den Spooner. IConsolidated Sept. 3, 1796; In existence in 1895. Discontinued Oct. 30, 1805. Discontinued in 1829. Discontinued In 1797. Discontinued in 1792. Became weekly edition of Daily Chronicle in 1S61. In existence in 1!>95. Discontinued in 1793. In existence In 1879. Vermont Journal in 1900. Benjamin Edes and BenJ. Discontinued Sept. 17, 1798. Hdes. jr. Thomas Adams Merged in Boston Daily Ad- vertiser in 1S31. Edward E. Powars Prol)al»ly consolidated with the Herald of Freedom in 1791 or 1792. Benjamin Russell Merged in Boston Daily Ad- ! vertiser, May I. 1840. 34 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Newspapers and periodicals published in 1790 — Continued. PLACE OF PUBUCATION AND TITLE IN 1790. MASSACHUSETTS— continued. Boston— Continued. The Gentlemen and Ladies' Town and Country Magazine. The Herald of Fre-edom The Massachusetts Magazine, Or Monthly Museum. Newburyjport: The Essex Journal and New Hamp- shire Packet. Northampton: The Hamjjshire Gazette Pittsfield: Berkshire Chronicle and Massachu- setts Intelligencer. Salem: The Salem Gazette Springfield: The Hampshire Chronicle Stockhridge: The Western Star Worcester: Thomas's Massachusetts Spy; or The Worcester Ga2ett(\' RHODE ISLAND. Newport: The Newport Mercury , Newport Herald Providence: The Providence Gazette and Coun- try Journal. United States Chronicle CONNKCTICUT. Danbury: The Farmer's Journal. Hartford : The Connecticut Courant Weekly Intelligencer. The American Mercury and Litchfield: The Weekly Monitor; and American Advertiser. Middletown: Middlesex Gazette or Federal Ad- viser. New Haven: Connecticut Journal The New Haven Gazette New London: Connecticut Gazette Norwich: The Norwich Packet and the Con- necticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island Weekly Advertiser. NEW YORK. Albany: The Albany Gazette.. The Albany Register. Goshen: The Goshen Repository. Hudson: Hudson Gazette Lansingburg: Federal Herald New York: The New York Journal and Patri- otic Register. The Argus, or Greenleal'sNew Daily Advertiser. New York Packet The Daily Advertiser The New York Daily Gazette.*. . Gazette of the United States^ New York Magazine Weekly Museum Poughkeepsie: Poughkeepsie Journal <. NEW JERSEY. New Brunswick: The Brunswick Gazette Elizabethtown: New Jersey Journal, and Political Intelligencer. The Christian's, scholar's, and farmer's magazine. 1 Established at Boston. Period of issue in 1790. Monthly Semi weekly. Monthly Weekly . Weekly. Weekly. Weekly. Weekly. Weekly. Weekly . Weekly. Weekly . Weekly. Weekly. Weekly. Weekly. Weekly. Weekly. Weekly. Weekly. Weekly. Weekly. Semiweekly. Weekly. Weekly Semiweekly. Daily Semiweekly. - Daily '. . . Dailj^ Semiweekly.. Monthly. Weekly.. Weekly. Weekly..., Weekly..., Bimonthly Apr. " Weekly in 1792. Date when established. May, 1784.... Sept. 15, 1788. Jan.—, 1789.. Dec. 1, 1773. Sept. f>, 1780.. May 8, 1788.. Oct. 14, 178G. Mar. 1, 1787... Nov. — , 1789. July 17, 1770.. Sept.—, 1758. Mar. 1, 1787... Oct. 20, 1762. . Jan. 1,1784... Mar. IS, 1790. Oct. 29, 1764.. July 12, 1784., Dec. 21, 1784. Nov. 8, 1785. . Oct. 23, 1767. Jan. 5, 1790.. Aug. 8, 1758.. Dec. 16, 1773. May 28, 1784. — , 1788. Apr. May May May Jan. Mar. Dec. Apr. — , 1788. 7, 1785. 5, 1788. 29, 1706. 29, 17G6. 4, 1776. 1, 1785. 29. 1788. 15. 1789. Jan. , 1790 . , 1734. Sept. —1786., — , 1779., — ^789., First publisher. Job Weeden and William Bar- rett. Edmund Freeman and Loring Andrews. Isaiah Thomas and Ebenezer T. Andrews. Isaiah Thomas and Henry W. Tinges. William Butler. Roger Storrs John Dabney and Thomas C. Gushing. Zephaniah Webster. Loring Andrews Isaiah Thomas James Franklin, jr. Peter Edes William Goddard. Bennett Wheeler. , Nathan Douglas and Edwards Ely. Thomas Green Joel Barlow and EHsha Bab- cock. Thomas Collier and Copp Woodward and Green Thomas and Samuel Green. Timothy Green Alexander Robertson & James Robertson and John Trum- bull. Charles R. Webster. Robert Barber David Maiidevillc. Charles R. Webster and Ash- bel Stoddard. Babcock and Hickok . John Holt John Holt Samuel Loudon Francis Childs John and Archibald M'Lean. John Fenno Thomas and James Swords., John Holt. Shelly Amett ... Shepard KoUock. Shepard Kollock . Publisher in 1790. Nathaniel Coverley. Edmund Freeman.. Isaiah Thomas and Ebe- nezer T. Andrews. John Mycall William Butler. Roger Storrs Thomas C. Cushing. Ezra Waldo Weld . . , Loring Andrews Isaiah Thomas Henry Barber. Peter Edes John Carter Bennett Wheeler. Nathan Douglas and Ed- wards Ely. Barzillai Hudson and Geo. Goodwin. Elisha Babcock Thomas Collier. Discontinued in December, 1790. In existence June 28, 1793. Discontinued in December, 1796. Became the Morning Star in April, 1794. Discontinued before 1800. Berkshire County Eagle in 1900. In e.Tistence in 1900. In existence in 1895. In existence in 1795. In existence in 1898. The Massachusetts Spy in 1900. In existence in 1900. Discontinued in 1791. Merged in Rhode Island American in < October, 1825. Discontinued in 1802. Republican Farmer (Bridge- port; in 1900. In existence in 1900. Merged in the Independent Press in 1833. Discontinued in 1S06. Moses H. Woodward... Thomas and Samuel Green Timothy Green. John Trumbull. Charles R. Webster John and Robert Barber. Charles R. Webster and Ashbel Stoddard. Babcock and Hickok. Thomas Greenleaf Thos. Greenleaf Samuel Loudon Philip Freneau Archibald M'Lean. John Fenno. Thos. and Jas. Swords ... Nicholas Power. Abraham Blauvelt. Shepard Kollock... Shepard Kollock . . . Discontinued in May, IS34. Connecticut Herald and Weekly Journal in 1900. Discontinued June 29, 1791. Discontinued in 1844. Discontinued in 1804. Discontinued Apr. 14. 1845. Merged in New York Stand- ard. Discontinued in 1804. In existence in 1900. In existence in 1890. Discontinued in 1810. Discontinued in November, ISIO. In existence in 1835. Merged in Express in 1836. In existence in 1828. Merged in North American in 1.S47. Discontinued in 1797. In existence in ISIG. United with Poughkeepsie Eagle in 1814. In existence in 1850. i In existence in 1816. Elizabeth Daily Journal in 1900. " Discontinued in March, 1791. I Removed to Philadelphia Oct. 13, 1790. < Established in New York City. THE UNITED STATES IX 1790. Newspapers and periodicals published in 1790 — Continued. 35 PLACE OF PUBLICATION AND TITLE IN 1790. PENNSYLVANIA. Carlisle: The Carlisle Cajettc, & the Western Weekly . Repository of Knowledpe. Chambersburg: Western Advertiser and Chambers- Weekly, burc Weekly. German town: Die Oemiantauner Zeltung Weekly . HarrisburR: The Oracle of Dauphin Weekly . Lancaster: Neue liQpartheylsche Lancaster Weekly. Zeltung und Anzelgs-Nachrich- ten. Philadelphia: > j The Pennsylvania Gazette Weekly . Period of Issue In 1790. The Pennsylvania Journal and Weekly Advertiser. The Pennsylvania Packet and Dally Advertiser. The Arminian Magazine The Freeman's Journal, or the North American Intelligencer. Gemeinniitzige PhilaUeiphische CorrespondPHZ. Index)endent < Jazctteer, or the Cron- Icle of Freedom. Pennsylvania Mercury and The Universal .Vdvertiser. Universal Asylum and Columbian Magazine. The .\merican Museum: or Uni- versal Magazine. The Feothc an die Deutsche Nation. Die Chesnuthiller Wochcnschritt... The General .advertiser and Politi- cal. Commercial. Agricultural and Literary Journal. Farmers' Weekly Museum Pittsburg: Pittsburg Gazette Reading: Neue Unpartheyische Readinger Zeltung und .Vnzeigs-Nachrichten. York: Pennsylvania TIerald and York General .Vdvertiser. Semlweekly. Dally Monthly. Weekly . . Weekly . . Dally.... Weekly.. Monthly. Date when established. Aug. 10, 1783. June — , 1790. Aug. 20, 1739.. — —1788.. Aug. 8, 1787.. Dec. 24, 1728.. Dec. 2,1742.. Oct. 28, 1771.. Monthly Daily Semlweekly... Weekly. Daily... Jan. — , I77S. Apr. 25, 1781. May 21, 1781. Apr. 13, 1782. Aug. 20, 1784. Sept.—, 1786. Jan. — , 1787.. Mar. 8, 1788. Nov. 27, 1789. . Oct. 8, 1790. . Oct. — , 1790.. DELAWARE. Wilmington: Wilmington Gazette... The Delaware Gazette. MARYLAND. Annapolis: Maryland Gazette Weekly — —,1790. Weekly ! July 29, 1786. Weekly I Feb. 18, 1789. Weekly Jan. 7,1789. Weekly. Weekly. Weekly. Baltimore: The Maryland Journal and Balti- i Semlweekly... more Advertiser. | The Maryland Gazette; or the Bal- Semlweekly... timore -Vdvertiser. Easton: Maryland Herald and Eastern Shore Weekly Intelligencer. I Frederick: 1 The Maryland Chronicle and the I Weekly Universal .VdviTtlser. The Maryland (iazette and Fred- Weekly erick W eekly .Vdvertiser. , Georgetown: > The Times and the Patowmack Weekly Packet. I Georgetown Weekly Ledger Weekly Hagerstown : WashiDgtoD Spy Weekly — — , 1784. Mar. — , 1785. VIRGINIA. Fredericksburg: The Virginia Herald and Freder- icksburg .-Vdvertiser. Martinsliurg: I'otomak Guardian and Berkeley Advertiser. Norfolk: The Norfolk and Portsmouth Chronicle. Petersburg: The Virginia Gazette and Peters- burg Intelligencer. Weekly. Weekly. Weekly. Weekly. Jan. 17, 1745. Aug. 20, 1773. May 16,1783. May 16, 1790.. Jan. 4,1786., Mar. 1,1790.. Feb. — , 1789.. Mar. —,1790.. Jan. 1, 1790.. First publisher. Kline and Reynolds. WlUlam Davison Christopher Saur T. Roberts and Co Stiemer, Albrecht, and Lahn. PublUher In 1790. Remarks. Kline and Reynolds In existence June 9, 1790. Wm. Davison. Ftanklhi Repository In 1900. Samuel Kelmer. WlUlam Bradford. John Dunlap Prlchard and Hall. Francis Bailey Melchior Stelner. Eleazer Oswald Daniel Humphreys. Matthew Carey, T. Siddons, C. Talbot, W. Spotswood, & J. Trenchard. Matthew Carey Andrew Brown. Melchior Stelner. Samuel Saur Benjamin Franklin Bache... Michael BlUmeyer Discontinued In 1809. T. RobertsandCo Discontinued about 183Z Johann Albrecht ii Co Discontinued in 1794. David Hall and William I Sellers. i William and Thos. Brad- ford. I John Dunlap and David i C. Claypoolc. Francis Bailey Melchior Stelner Eleazer Oswald Daniel Humphreys. Matthew Carey.. Andrew Brown.. Melchior Stelner. Samuel Saur Benjamin Franklin Bache. John Scull and Joseph Hall... Johnson, Barton, and Jung- maim. James Edie, John Edie, and Henry Wilcocks. Peter Brynberg and Samuel Andrews. Jonas Green. William Goddard . John Hayes James Cowan. , Matthias Bartgis. John Winter Charles Flerer Day and Hancock. Stewart Herlwrt. . . ' See also Gazette of the United States, ' Now in the District of Columbia. — — , 17S7 Timothy Green Timothy Green. Nov. —,1790 Nathaniel Willis Nathaniel Willis. Aug. 29, 1789 Prentis and Baxter Prentis and Baxter. July —, 1786 Miles Hunter A William William Prentis.. I Prentis. vhlch was published in New York city until Oct. 13, 1790, when it was removed to Philadelphia. Barton and Jungmann. . . James Edie, John Edie, and Henry Wilcocks. Became Saturday Evening Post in 1S21. In existence in 1900. Discontinued in 1797. Merged in the North Ameri- can in 1840. In existence in 1900. In existence in 1790. Discontinued in 1792. Discontinued In 1810. Discontinued In 1799. Discontinued In December, 1792. Discontinued Dec. 31, 1792. Merged in North American in 1840. Discontinued about July, I 1790. In existence in 1794. Merged in Pennsylvania Ga- I zettcinlS28. In existence in 1790. Commercial Gazette in 1900. Discontinued in 1816. In existence In 1799. Peter Br>Tiberg and Sam- uel .\ndrews. ■ Frederick and Samuel Green. Wm. Goddard and James .\ngell. John Hayes In existence in 1880. In existence in 1894. Discontinued in 1839. Baltimore American In 190a In existence In 1791. James Cowan In existence In 1804. Matthias Bartgis. John Winter . In existence in 1824. . In existence in 1791. 1 Charles Fierer and Thos. N. Kosdick. Day and Hancock Stewart Herbert. In existence in 1791. In existence in 1793. In existence in 1797. In existence in 1836. In existence in 1896. In existence in 1793. In existence In 1800. 36 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Newspapers and periodicals published in 7750— Continued. PLACE OF PUBLICATION AND TITLE IN 1790. Period of issue in 1790. Date when established. First publisher. Publisher in 1790. Remarks. vmomiA— continued. Weekly Weekly Weekly Weekly Weekly Aug. 6,1736 _ —,1782 — —,1786 July 11.1787 Apr. 2,1788 John Dixon In existence in 1793. Virginia Gaiette and Independent Chronicle.' The Virginia Gazette and Weekly Thomas Nicolson and WllUam Prentiss. In existence in 1793. Discontinued in 1809. The Virginia Independent Chron- icle and General Advertiser. In existence in 1790. The Virginia Gazette, and Win- chester .\dvertiser. The Virginia Centinel; or the Vi in- chester Mercurj-. NORTH CAROLINA. Fayetteville: The Fayetteville Chronicle or North Carolma Gazette. SODTII CAROLINA. Charleston: Richard Bowen and Co Richard Bowen and Co . . . In existence in 1800. In existence in 1790. Semiweekly. . . Apr. — , 1777 Mar. — 1783 Oct. 2,1786 Apr. 17.1763 Aug. 11, 1787 Ann S. Timothv Discontinued in 1800. The State Gazette of South Carolina. The City Gazette or Daily Adver- tiser. GEOEGU. Augusta: John Miller Markland and M'lver John E. Smith In existence in 1817. Weekly Weekly Weekly In existence in 1900. The Augusta Chronicle and Gazette or the State. Savannah; 1 James and NicholasJohn- 1 ston. John Bradford Discontinued ia 1802. KENTUCKY. Lexington: Discontinued in 1848. 1 Established at Williamsburg. SLAVEKY. Slavery was introduced into the colonies in August, 1619, when 20 African negroes were brought to James- to\vn by Dutch traders and sold to the planters of Vu-ginia. At that time the sale of Africans who had been captured or purchased was sanctioned by the leading European nations, and formed a very profitable business. The slave traders, taking advantage of the new field opened to them by the colonization of the coast of North America, introduced slavery into most of the colonies soon after they were founded. The only colony established with ordinances against this institu- tion was Georgia ; and this state also was soon forced, by social contact and business competition with the neighboring settlements, to legalize the holding of slaves. The actual importations of slaves can only be esti- mated. Mr. Carey, author of a work on the slave trade, is the authority for the following estimate of the number of slaves imported : PERIOD. Number of slaves. Total 333, 000 Prior to 1715 30,000 90,000 1715 to 1750 . 1751 to 1760 1761 to 1770 74, 000 34,000 70, 000 1771 to 1790 1791 to 1808 It is claimed, however, that this total is too small, and that a closer estimate would bring the number to 370,000 or even 400,000. Air. Carey's figures indi- cate that the average annual importation was about 2,500 between 1715 and 1750, and 3,500 for the period from 1751 to 1760. The following decade was the period of greatest activity, the importation reaching an average of 7,400 a year. For the tw-enty years from 1771 to 1790 the average fell to 1,700, but for the period immediately preceding the legal abolition of the slave traffic in the United States it was more than double that number. By 1790 the survivors and descendants of the African slaves imported num- bered 757,208, according to the Federal census of that year. Early in the history of the Southern colonies the planters realized that slave labor could be utilized to good advantage in the cultivation of tobacco and some other crops.' At the beginning of the eighteenth century negro slavery was considered by the settlers of all of the colonies as a usual and routme matter, and in the New England and Middle colonies, as w^ell as in the South, the possession of slaves was generally 'The cotton crop, which later furnished an extensive field for slave labor, did not assume great importance until the invention of the cotton gin in 1793. After that date the employment of slaves in the cultivation of cotton became especially profitable, since this crop furnishes work for a considerable portion of the year, and makes it possible to utilize to advantage the services of women and children. THE UNITED STATES IN 1790. 37 accepted as an evidence of wealtli and of importance in the community. By 1750 negro slavery was recognized by law in every Nortli American colony. At tiie time of tlie Declaration of Independence the British possessions had local enactments protecting slave property and providing special codes and tribunals for slaves. Some of tiie shive codes were extremely severe, because of the fear of negro insurrections. Although shivery became the presumptive status of every negro, most of the colonies recognized the status of free negroes. But the presence of a free negro was believed to have an imfavorable influence on the slaves in the neighborhood, and hence many of the colonies made the conditions surrounding manu- mission so exacting that slave o-\vners seldom took advantage of the legal right to free their slaves. There are, however, numerous instances of negroes who were freed by their masters, and some cases of negroes who were given their freedom by the state on account of some public service performed by them; but no data are available as to the aggregate number of slaves manumitted. Free negroes were allowed property rights, and con- sequently some of them became slave owners. Often a manumitted negro would purchase the freedom of the members of his family or of friends, and unless he went through the formality of manumission these persons were legally his slaves. The growth of the antislavery movement forms an interesting phase of the history of the Colonial, Conti- nental, and early Federal periods. The antislavery sentiment which existed in the Southern colonies in the early part of the eighteenth century was, as a rule, the result of economic causes; when these colonies feared the growth in the number of negroes, or desired more revenue, attempts were made by the legislatures to cut off or to tax the importation of slaves. On the other hand, in the North the feehng of antagonism toward human slavery, which grew rapidly and was voiced by men of high principle and strong religious belief, was based largely on moral grounds. The claim is often made that this attitude of the Northern colonies in connection with the slave problem did not become general until after these communities had disposed of all of their slaves. But, while there is an element of truth in this, the fact remains that from a condition of dependence upon slaves for menial services of va- rious kinds, the people of the New England and Middle states steadily and comi)letely changed their point of view, taking the position that slavery was both unwise and immoral, and disposed of their slaves. The demand for labor was supplied mainly by apprentices and by "redemptioners" — men and women who, being unable to pay the expenses of their passage to this country, were "bound" to persons buying their serv- ices for a period usually lasting from three to five years. 76292—09 4 The first petition against slavery' recorded in Amer- ican histor}' was made in 1GS8, by Friends, in German- town, Pa. The agitation against slavery was contin- ued by other Quakers, by the Puritans, and b}' groups of individuals here and there. As the direct result of this movement, prohibitive duties on the importation of slaves were imposed by Pennsylvania in 1712, and also by other colonies from time to time.' Since the slave trade was a source of revenue to British merchants, and even to the Crown, legisla- tion against it was distasteful to the British Govern- ment, and objections were raised on accomit of the legislative action of the colonies. The governors sent to South Carolina in 17.56 and 1761 bore instructions prohibiting the enactment of any law imposing duties on imported negroes. By 1778 legislative measures prohibiting the slave trade had been passed by all of the New England and Middle states, and by ^Iaryland and Virginia ; by 1798, similar action had been taken by every other state, although the trade was afterwards revived in South Carolina. The first assumption of national control of the slave trade came in 1774, when the Continental Congress passed a resolution to aliolish it. In 1789 tlie con- vention that framed the Constitution made plans for the abolition of this traffic in 1808, and later the first day of 1808 was chosen as the time when the slave trade should become illegal. The first action against the ownership of slaves was taken by Vermont. In its Declaration of Rights, in 1777, this colony declared for the freedom of all per- sons at the age of maturity ; a few years later it took a more definite stand, abolishing slavery outright. By 1783 slavery had been prohibited in Massachu.setts and New Hampshire. Gradual emancipation was pro- vided for in acts passed by Pennsylvania in 1780 and by Comiecticut and Rhode Island in 1784. In 1787 slavery was forbidden in the Northwest Territory by congressional legislation, although the courts held that the ordinance did not free the slaves already held in the territory. By the date of the first Federal census laws providing for the extinction of slavery had been put into operation in all states north of Maryland, with the exception of New York and New Jersey. INDIANS. In 1790 the Indian had ceased to be a factor of any consequence in the affairs of the states enumerated at the First Census. The Indians living in the area enumerated consisted of a few scattered rem- nants of once powerful tribes. Frequent conflicts ' In some colonies the duty on a slave brought from another colony was several times that on a slave imported directly from Africa or from the West Indies; the impression appears to have existed that slaves were sent from one colony to another because of undesirable qualities, or because they had committed crimes, and that the colony which deported them was taking this way of ridding itself of their presence. LOCATION OF INDIAN TRIBES: 1790. (The heavy line marks the division between the area tree from hostile Indians and that still in possession of Indians.! THE UNITED STATES IN 1790. 39 with the white settlers, and the adoption of all of the vices and few, if any, of the virtues of the newcomers upon their soil, had reduced tiie number of Indians east of the Allegheny mountains to a few thousands. Remnants of the original tribes still remained in 4 New England states, and in New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and South Carolina; but in most instances — especially in New England — they were rciluced to small villages or even to a few wanderers (for the most part half-breeds), whose numbers may be accepted as almost a negligible quantity. Only in New York and Pennsylvania— upon resers'ations establisheil in those states — and in the lands to the west of the frontier settle- ments, were the Indians still sufficiently numerous to maintain tribal relations or to occup}' any considerable extent of territory. From time to time futile attempts were made to civilize and educate the Indians in the East. Indeed, provision was made for their education at Harvard University early in its history. Several Indians entered that institution, but nearly all of them died before they had been long in attendance. West of the Alleghenys the white man had estab- lished a few settlements, cspeciallj^ in Kentucky and eastern Tennessee; but for the most part the country was a wilderness, still in the undisputed possession of Indian tribes. In this area the Indians still main- tained their independence and a considerable strength in numbers — sufficient, indeed, to present to the officials of the young Republic a problem of some magnitude, and to exercise a decidedU' deterrent effect upon immigration. But since, in the desultory war- fare which they maintained against the whites, the Indians were the principal sufferers, their numbers were constantly diminishing. Onl}' a small part of the territory occupied bj' white men had been acquired from the Indians by actual purchase. In the early history of the colonies, pur- chases of land from the Indians, and treaties made with them, appear to have resulted from a desire to obtain immunity from the uncertainties of Indian war- fare and depredation, rather than from any recogni- tion of the right of the Indians to the soil of which they were being deprived. The pioneer settlers habitually disregarded Indian treaties, and in general the Indians derived little benefit from them; even where purchases of land were negotiated by treaty, in many cases this action was not taken until after the land had been settled. In general, the Indian had received but small consideration from the white man during the entire Colonial period, being regarded merely as a dangerous incumbrance upon fair regions which it was the pur- pose of the white man to occupy as speedily as his num- bers permitted. In 1795, shortly after the Fir^t Census, in an attempt to put an end to the continued warfare with the Federal Government and doubtless also for the purpose of encouraging settlements in that region. General Wayne negotiated a treaty with the Indians living in what was then called the Northwest Territor\'.' The devel- opments resulting from this policy were similar to what had previously occurred east of the Alleghenys — the Indians retreated step by step before the advancing pioneers, more and more of their territorj' was occupied by white settlements, and their numbers were con- stantly decreased by contact with the whites and by warfare among themselves. Indians in the UniUd States in 1790. STATE OR TERRITORY TKIBG. AND .N'um- ber. Place of residence. Maine: PassamaQUoddy Near the waters of Passamaquoddy bav. Penobscot ""466' On Penobscot ri verjrom head of tide water northward. Massachusplts: llerring Pond 1120 Sandwich, on Cape Cod, 59 miles south of Boston. Troy, Bristol county, 50 miles south of Boston. Marshpee, on Cape Cod, 78 miles southeast of Boston. Marthas Vineyard Island. WampanoaK I2S0 400 Rhode Island: Narragansett 500 CharlestowD, 40 miles southwest of Provi- dence. Connecticut: fStonington, southeast comer of ConnecU- 1 cut. iGroton, adjoining Stoninglon. (Between Norwich and New London. Mohegan and other tribes. New York: Montauk Montauk Point, east end of Long Island. Six Nations — Cayuga .100 Reservation of 1,000 square miles at aorth- ern end of Cayuga Lake. Mohawk (=) Fort Hunter, on Mohawk river. Oneida 700 Oneida reservation. Onondaga 500 Reservation of over 100 square miles OD f)nondaga Lake. Seneca 2.000 Chietly on dene^ee river: also a town on Bulialo creek, and 2 small towns ju Alle- ghenv river. Tuscarora^ 400 On Tuscarora or Oneida creek. Pennsvlvania: Delaware. Munsee, and 1,300 On north branch of Susquehanna river. So poo nee. Virginia: Mattaponi. Nottaway, 100 Southampton county, southeastern Vir* and Pamunkey. ginia. Seneca 150 Two towns on French creek. South Carolina: Catawba 450 At Catawba, on Catawba river, on the boundary line between North Carolina and South Carolina. Northwest Territory: Chippewa Coasts of Lake Superior. Northern Ohio. Delaware. Mohican and Wyandot. Illinois, Kaskaskia, and Near Kaskaskia river, Illinois. Peoria. Kickapoo Central Illinois. Mascauten Neighborhoow of the larger cities and towns. In addition to the information prescribed by the census act, the marshal for the district of Massachu- setts gave the number of dwelling houses and of families in each cit\^ and town covered bj- the report. The marshal for the district of New York inclutled in his returns the excess of males or females among the white j)()pulati()n of each city and to\\-n for which report was made. In Pennsylvania the enumerators of the city of I'hiladelphia furnished the occupations of all heads of famihes enumerated.' 'Clement Biddle, the marshal for the state of Pennsylvania, published in 1791 a directory of the city of Philadelphia, in which the names and occupations of many, if not all, of the inhabitants of the city pro))cr are the same as those of the heads of families shown in the census schedules. It is possible and perhaps prob- able that the occupations of the heads of families were obtained in the census enumeration for use in this directory. Table 7.— POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES AS RETURNED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, BY STATES: 1790. Vermont Niw Hampshire Maliie Mi-i^^aotiusetts Khodo Islatid ( 'OIHU'CtiCUt Nt'w "^'ork N w Jersey I'fnnsylvania Delaware Uary land Virginia Kentucky North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Total number of Inhabitants of the United States exclusive of Southwest and Northwest territories Free white males of 16 years and upward, Including heads of families. 22,43.5 36. W* 24,3S4 gs,4» 16,019 60,523 83,700 45,251 110,788 11,783 55,915 110,936 15,154 69,988 35,576 13,103 807,094 Free white males under 16 years. Free white females. Including heads of families. 22,328 34,851 24,748 87,289 15,799 54,403 78,122 41,416 106,948 12,143 51,339 116,135 17,057 77,506 37,722 14,044 40,505 70,160 46,870 190,582 32,652 117,448 152,320 83,287 206,363 22,384 101,395 215,046 28,922 140,710 66,880 25,739 All other free persons. 255 630 538 5,463 3,407 2,808 4,654 2,762 6,537 3,899 8,043 12,866 114 4,975 1,801 398 791,850 1,541,263 59,150 Slaves. '16 158 None. None. 948 2,764 21,324 11,423 3,737 8,887 103,036 292,627 12,430 100,572 107,094 29,264 694,280 Total. '85,539 141, 8S5 96,540 378,787 68,825 237,946 340,120 184,139 434,373 •59,094 319,728 747,610 73.677 393,751 249,073 82,548 3,893,635 Free white males of 21 years and upward. Free males under 21 years of age. Free white females. .Ml other persons Slaves. Total. .'Southwest Territory. Northwest Territory. 6,271 10,277 15,365 361 3,417 ' The census of 1790, published in 1791, reports 16 slaves in Vermont. .Subsequently, and up to 1S60. the number Is given as 17. .•Vn examination of the original manu- script returns shows that there never were any slaves in Vermont. The original error occurred In preparing the results for publication, when 16 persons, returned as "free colored." were cia-sslfied as "slave." "Corrected figures are &i.425. or 114 less than figures published in 1790, due to an error of addition in the returns for each of the towns of Fairfield, Milton, Shelbume, and Williston, in the county of Chittenden: Brookfield. Newbury. Randolph, and Stratford. In the county of Orange: Castleton, Clarendon. Hubbardton, Poultney, Rutland. Shrewsbury, and Wallingford, in the county of Rutland; Dummerston, Guilford, Halifax, and Westminster, 111 the county of Windham; and Woodstock, in the county of \Vin Indiana. Illinois. • ' The schedules for Alabama in 1830 are not in existence. • There is no evidence o( any enumeration of Northwest Territory in 1790. ' The schedules for Ohio in 1820 are in existence. Of the schedules for all the remaininjj states and organized territories, those for Arkansas in 1S20 alone are missing. With a view to ascertaining the whereabouts of the missing volumes, the Department of the Interior con- ducted a correspondence with the heads of the several Executive Departments at Wasliington, with the governors of the several states, and, through the De- partment of Justice, with the clerks of the courts in said states. None of them could be recovered, how- ever, nor was it ])0ssible to procure any information regarding them. There is a record that the 1790 returns for Virginia were destroyed when the British burned the Capitol at Washington during the War of 1S12. But it is a question whether anything more than the marshal's summary was burned ; if the First Census law was com- pUed with, the original returns must have been in the custody (jf the clerk of the district court of Virginia. Doctor Chickering, in his ''Statistical View of the Population of Massachusetts,"* published in 1846, states that a copy of the 1790 schedules for ilassa- ehusetts was lost in the destruction of the Patent Office by fire on December 15, 1836, and that soon afterwards the original schedules in the district clerk's office in Massachusetts were ordered to be sent to Wash- ington to replace the copy destroyed. But the Patent Office fire here referred to was not discovered until it had gained such great headway that the persons in the building barely escaped with their lives. It is proba- ble tliat all the census returns were kept together; and, if so, the burning of any ol the returns would doubtless have meant the destruction of the entire series. More- over, a report made to Congress by the Commissioner of Patents, December 28, 1836, giving what purports to be a complete list of everything lost in the fire, makes no mention of any census schedules being burned. Fortunately, the 1790 schedules for the states which were most populous at that period, with the excejition of Virginia, are stil! in existence; and the place of those for Virginia is taken in some measure by lists of inhabitants at state enumerations made near the close ' Page 5. of the Revolutionary War. As shown bj' the aggre- gate returns for the six in(iuiries at the First Census, the relative importance of the omitted states (includ- ing Virginia) is as follows: ELEMENTS Of THE POPinjlTION. Total population. Total returns. 3.929,625 White population ] 3,172,444 Free white males 10 years and upward, including heads of families Free white males under 16 years Free while females, mciudlng heads of families All other free persons. Slaves 815,098 800,063 1,556,683 59,557 697,624 KETtTBKa rOB WHICH SCBEDinxS Preserved. Lost. Number. 2,6S4,499 1,245,126 2,327,262 I 845,182 600,928 580,114 1,146,222 33,253 318,984 214, 172 220,549 410,401 21,304 378,040 Per cent of total returns. 31.7 20.C 26.3 27.5 26.4 35.8 54.3 For each of the inquiries relating to white persons, the proportion represented by the lost schedules is about one-fourth; for free negroes, one-third; and for slaves, slightly more than one-half. Most of the slaves for which the schedules are lost were reported by "\'irginia. The schedules of the First Census on file in the Census Office are as follows: Maine 1 volume. New Hampshire 2 volumes. Vermont 2 volumes. Mas.sachusetts 1 volume. Rhode Island 1 volume. Connecticut 3 volumes. New York 4 volumes. Pennsylvania 8 volumes. Maryland 2 volumes. North Carolina 2 volumes. South Carolina 1 volume. Total 27 volumes. These volumes tlill'er widely in siiape and size. The paper for the schedules was furnished by the enumer- ators themselves, and is of many different kinds. It varies from 4 to 36 inches in length, the longer sheets requiring several folds. Many enumerators used merchants' account books, journals, or ledgers; others used large sheets of paper, neatly ruled and folded. The headings were generally wTitten in by hand, but printed headings were used on the schedules for Massachusetts and for one district of New York. All of the schedules for Massachusetts are on printed blanks of uniform size, a fact which suggests that the blanks were furnished or sold to the enumerators by the marshal. Most of the volumes contain the sched- ules of several enumerators, though a few enumerators handed in schedules sufficient to fill a whole volume. For a binding sometimes an old newspaper, heavy wTapping paper, or a piece of wall paper was used. 50 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. In 1897 the 1790 schedules were paged, arranged, and indexed by the Department of the Interior, and carefully repaired with transparent silk to prevent further deterioration. In the returns of some of the enumerators the names of heads of families are arranged alphabetically, indicating that they were copied from preliminary notes gathered while making the enumeration. In many cases the name of a minister, as being the chief personage in a town, heads the list, regardless of alphabetical or other arrangement. Many of the entries are picturesque. Few men had more than one Christian name; hence, in order to make it clear what person was meant, additional information was often given, as "Leonard Clements (of Walter)," "Sarah Chapman, (Wid. of Jno.)," "Walter Clements (Corn- wallis Neck)." In the Southern states there were many plantations whose owners Avere absent at the time of the enumeration; frequently the name of the owner was given, with large holdings of slaves, but not one white person enumerated. Some slaves who were living apart from their owners, either alone or as heads of households, were entered separately, as "Peter, negro (Chas. Wells property)." Heads of free colored families were often stated to be "free," as "Ruth, Free negro," "Brown, John (free mulatto)." Some enu- merators obtained the number of free colored males, as well as of free whites, above and below 16 years of age. IV, AREA AND TOTAL POPULATION. AREA— POPULATION— POPULATION BY AREAS OF ENUMERATION— BY STATES AND TER- R IT O R I E S— D E N S I T Y OF POPULATION. In the preceding pages of this publication the origin of census operations has been pointed out from the historical point of view, and there have been succes- sively considered the population of the several colonies in the Colonial and Continental periotls. the extent and the material condition of the Republic in the year in which the First Census was taken, and the enact- ment and operation of the First Census legislation. The tables and text in this chapter and in those which follow are based upon analysis and inspection of census returns, and constitute the first systematic discussion of the results of the First Census. In many instances the figures presented may be accepted as basic, and thus as furnishing data by which can be measured the changes that have occurred during more than a century of American census taking, in connection witii the subjects considered; in others they are offered frankly as approximations, substantially accurate, and bearing upon economic subjects which are of great importance but for which no figures of any kind have ever before been presented. Prior to 1S50 census reports contained no analysis of census returns. The odicials of the Department of State, who were charged with the taking and pub- lishing of the Federal census, were content to present tabulations without making any attempt to point out the most important results. A period of more than half a century elapsed after the First Census before the economic significanco of census returns — the im- portance oi which had been pointed out by Mr. Madison in the debate in the First Congress upon the act providing for the enumeration — was even par- tially appreciated. Under the most favorable conditions, however, com- paratively little could have been written in 1792 concerning the results of the First Census. The science of statistics was in its infancy, and analysis and interpretation of statistics were nowhere at- tempted. Moreover, had the officials of the Federal Government presented an anal3-sis of the returns, the entire discussion necessarily would have been con- fined to pointing out the more noteworthy facts indi- cated by the actual census data derived from the five inquiries comprising the schedule. The chief value of census statistics lies in a comparison of the returns of one period with those of another; but as this was the first census of the United States, no comparable figures existed by which to measure change, unless the partial enumerations and the estimates of population avail- able from the later Colonial and Continental periods be regarded as roughly comparable. It is clear, therefore, that an analysis and compari- son of the meager information secured at the First Censu.s can be made most effective after the lapse of at least a century of periodic census taking. Hence such conclusions as can be drawn from the studies which appear in this publication probably possess greater value, because they cover an entire century of perspective, than conclusions which might have been drawn at some earlier period. Consideration of the basic facts relating to popula- tion which were secured at the First Census confirms the belief that the returns obtained, when <-arefully tested and examined, supply practically all the statis- tical information that reasonablj^ could have been ex- pected of that period. In 1700 the United States was a sparsely settled country, and great value attached even to a mere coimt of population. But as social and economic problems grew more complex with the in- crease of population, tlie importance of detailed knowl- edge concerning the human units comprising the nation became nuich greater. Moreover, increase in wealth and political influence has created economic problems which were unknown in 1790. AREA. The Repubhc began its career as a nation nominally possessing an area of 843,246 stiuare miles, of which 820,377 square miles constituted land area. Of the latter total, however, only 417,170 square miles are included witliin the limits of the states and territories which were enumerated in 1 790. The total area of the United States in 1000 was more than four times, and that of continental I'nited States was nearly four times, the total area in 1790. The enumerated area within (51) CHANGES IN AREA FOR ONE HUNDRED AND TEN YEARS. 1790 1800 810 1820 1830 840 CHANGES IN AREA FOR ONE HUNDRED AND TEN YEARS. 1850 1861 870 1880 1890 1900 76292—09 5 54 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. continental United States increased more than seven- fold during the century. According to the Twelfth Census Statistical Atlas, the "settled" area of the country in 1790— that is, the area having a population density of at least 2 persons per square mile — comprised 239,935 square miles, wliile in 1900 the settled area of continental United States was 1 ,925,590 square miles. Deducting 1,000 square miles for settled areas in the Northwest Territory, which was not enumerated in 1790, it appears that areas having a density of less than 2 persons per square mile formed nearly 43 per cent of the enumerated area in 1790, and but little over 35 per cent of the enumerated area witliin continental United States in 1900. The following table embodies the result of an attempt to estimate the area of enumeration within continental United States at each census : Table 8 -LAND AREA OF CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES, OF AREA OF ENUMERATED IN 1790 AND OF ADDED AREA: 1790 TO 1900. LAND ABEA (SQUARE MILES) OF CONITNENTAL UNITED STATES. Total. Enumerated. CENSUS TEAK. Continental United States. Enumerated in 1790.2 Added to area of enumeration since 1790. Unenu- Total. Settled (at least 2 per- sons per square nule).i Unsettled. Settled (at least 2 per- sons per square mile). Unsettled. Total. Settled (at least 2 per- sons per square mile). Unsettled.' merated. 820,377 820,377 1,699.761 1,754,622 1,754,622 1.754,622 2,943,142 2,974,159 2, 974. 159 2,974,159 2,974.159 2,974.159 < 417. 170 434,670 556. 010 688.670 877, 170 1.183,870 1,519.170 1.951.520 2,126.290 2, 727. 454 2.974.159 2, 974, 159 5 238,935 305,708 407.945 508,717 632.717 807.292 979,249 1,194,754 1,272,239 1,569.565 1,947.280 1,925,590 178,235 128,962 148,065 179,953 244,453 376,578 539,921 756,766 854.051 1,157.889 1,026.879 1,048,569 '238,935 295.708 329.945 . 358, 717 382,717 397.292 399,249 399, 754 400,239 403.565 407,280 410.590 178,235 121,462 87,225 58, 453 34, 453 19,878 17,921 17,416 16,931 13,605 9,890 6,580 403,207 17,500 138,840 271,500 460,000 766.700 1,102,000 1,534.350 1,709,120 2,310,284 2,556,989 2,556,989 10.000 78.000 150.000 250.000 410.000 580, 000 795,000 872.000 1,166.000 1.540.000 1,515,000 7,500 60,840 121,500 210,000 356, 700 522,000 739,350 837. 120 1.144.284 1,016.989 1,041,989 385.707 1.143.751 1820 1,065,952 877,452 1840 570. 752 1850 1.423,972 1,022.639 1870 847.869 1JJ80 6 246.705 1 Twelfth Census Statistical Atlas, Plates 2 to 13 and pages 26 to 36. The separation into the area enumerated in 1790 (column 5) and the added area (column 8) Is esti- mated. • For each census, the sum of columns 5 and 6 is 417,170. See footnote 4. » Estimated from the settled area (column S) by the use of a graduated series of percentages— from 75 per cent in 1800 to 90 per lent in 1870. < The land area shown tis enumerated in 1790 includes an esthnale of 17.841 lor those counties of Georeia which were enumerated in that year: for all other states and territories included in the area of enumeration the total land area is used, l)eeause some portion of every county was enumerated. 1 Excluding an estimate of 1 .000 square miles for the settled area in the Northwest Territory, which was not enumerated in 1790. 6 Land area of Indian Territory and Oklahoma— 69,414 square miles, according to Census Bulletin 71— together with the area of Indian reservations in states and organ- ized territories added to the area of enumeration since 1790— amounting to 177,291 square miles, according to the Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 1880. POPULATION. March 3, 1792, President Washington reported to Congress that the population of the Repubhc was 3,929,214. A recount in 1908 of the population enumerated at the First Census, from all those sched- ules in which the handwriting remains sufficiently legible to indicate that no error of tabulation need occur because of mutilation or age, shows that the official figures reported to Congress and pubhshed in 1792 should have been increased by at least 411 persons. It was possible to revise accurately the returns of only nine of the states, since, as it will be remembered, the schedides for New Jersey, Delaware, Virginia, Georgia, Kentucky, and the Southwest Ter- ritory are no longer in existence. Those for Mary- land and South CaroHna, although for the most part in existence, are in some cases mutilated or illegible, making it impossible to attempt revision of the re- turns for those states. So far as is now known, no enumeration was made in the territory northwest of the Oliio river; in fact, an historian of a little later period declares that "the number of inhabitants in tliis large tract of country has never been ascertained."' Governor St. Clair estimated that in 1790 the territory contained only about 4,000 inhabitants, widely scatteretl in detached settlements between which there was but httle com- munication, and which were so hedged about by hostile Inchans that for many years their cliief con- cern was to protect themselves against uprisings and massacres. Jedediah Morse estimated the white pop- ' Winterbotham: View of the United States of America (1796), Vol. II, page 487. AREA AND TOTAL POPUI.ATIOX. 55 ulation of the territory in 1792 at 7,820/ scattered among a few frontier settlements and outposts. ' From the best data the author has received, the population may be estimated, five years ago, as follows: Indians (supposed) 05, 0001 OMIo (_'ompany purchase 2,500 Colonel Synitnos'ssc'tllciuents 2,OOoil792 Galliopolis I FreiK'h sf'tlfiiients opposite Kanttaway river) ] l,OOo( V'incenncs an 1S00> In 1900 1 1 •76,303,387 71: nto tat In 1890 1 R9 07a 7»'ft In 1880 In 1860 and 1870 31 , 443, .121 38, .M8, 371 50, 1.55, 783 62! 688,' 057 75,204,184 70,807,006 64,806,614 60,823.367 60,294,825 5-1,494,971 In 1S50 23,191,876 In 1840 * 17,069,453 •y.wm 4tifi.in n7« 946 .-it. 947 iiuj.^ -no (j.-> sj'ion'oij In 183!) '12,866,020 12,825,972 12,4,39.390 in 240 •>■*■! 17. 019,890 i2! 602! 175 ia.'.jj^iiojliois,' '.'S3 ■!2!807!'. 74 iiims' 334 16, 965, 413 1-2, 514, 730 29, (191. 881, 34, 426. V.-i5 42,.537. 781 50, 716, 912 16, 131, 726 21, 105.027 26, 71.1,. 422 31. 193. S.'V) 38. 6i6. 930 45, 780, 9i8 In ISlOand 1820 In 1.800 In 1790 "3,'929,'62S '5,'368,'483 5,247,355 61,128 7,239,881 7, 142.JSn 6,779,3J8 460,573 9, 638. 4. 53 9.4l)-l.!S7 Total added area. . l,344,58ll » 2, 625, 788 1 1 1 1 1 ' < 5. 288, 222! 8, 622, 292 14, 117, 164 18. 870,867 26, 2C3, 570 34, 791, 445 »«2, 749, 757 First in 1800 61, 128 363, 172 97,401 1 110 318) 2. 199 l.W 4,350,495 833,087 54,477 < 49, 503 6,535 443 9 440 265 n 8nf. n.lni4 7nl 'Oi 17 loo ra7 on oji iai First in 1810 234,266 380. .582 1,409,703 2,315,464 87,445 140.424 198, :91' 846,930 391,410 1 181 .147 2.932,181 3,910;851 4i9:5i984, 5[799]854 First in 1830 > 40, 048 First in 1840 1,033.7:6 2.405,388 3.:22,580 1.682,022 3,010.295 4.583,165 618 640 1 9.19 «9fl .1 7ftJ Q7ft 3,983.247 6,060,392 4,337.178 63.592 First in 1850 First in 1860 182,5:8 First iu 1880 First in 1890 « 258] 657 First in 1900 1 •245,220 1 i 1 I In compiling this tabic it was first determined what states, or parts of states, were included within the prea of enumeration added to continental t'nlted States during each decade. The population of ea<'h aiic oiitained separately. 1850 to IHiin: North Daliota. South Dakota. .Nebraska. Kansas, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, and Nevada. 1860 to isro: There was no new state or territory added to the area of eniuneration. Alaska was purchased In 1867, but was not enumerated In 1870. 1870 to 18.80: Alaska. 1880 to 1H90: Indian Territory and Oklahoma. 1890 to 19IKI: Hawaii. > The population of Indian reservations, which were first enumerated In 1890, Is here Included with that of the areas In which located. ' Includinc 91.219 persons stationed al)road, in the miiitarv and naval service of the United States. ' Includini! 6,100 persons stationed aliroad, in the military and naval service of the United States. ' Including 5,318 persons stationed abroad, In the military and naval service of the United States. Upon comparing the growth, in extent and in pop- ulation, of the area enumerated in 1790 with that of continental United States as a whole, it appears that the gradual decline in the proportionate extent and popula- tion of the original area, as compared with the whole of continental United States, is merely a reflection of the growth of the added area in extent and population. The added area had outstripped the original area in extent by 1830, but its population did not pass that of the original area until 1880. Increase in the younger states continued to outstrip increase in the older states, so that in 1900 the original area formed less than one-seventh of the area of continental United States, and its population was less than half of the total. In 1900 the total population of the added area exceeded that of the original area by more than nine millions, the excess being more than one-third of the total popula- tion of the original states at the Twelfth Census, and almost three times the entire white population of the Republic in 1790. 50 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 10. -COMPARISON OF GROWTH IN AREA AND POPULATION, FOR THE TOTAL AREA OF CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES AND FOR THE AREA ENUMERATED IN 1790: 1790 TO 1900. AREA OF ENUMERA- TION. POPULATION. INCREASE OF POPULATION OVER PRECEDING CENSUS. PER CENT OF INCREASE OF POP- tTLATION OVER PRECEDING CENSUS. YEAR. Square miles. Per cent area enu- m'erated in 1790 fonns of total area enu- merated at each census. Total. Of area enumerated in 1790. Total. For area enumerated in 1790. Total. For area enumer- ated in 1790. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. For added area. 1790 417,170 434,670 556.010 688,670 877.170 1,183,870 1,519,170 1.951.520 2.126.290 2.727,454 2.974,159 2,974,159 100.0 96.0 75.0 60.6 47.6 35.2 27.5 21.4 19.6 15.3 14.0 14.0 3,929,625 5.308,483 7,239,881 9. 638, 453 12.866,020 17,069.453 23.191,876 31.443.321 38.558.371 50.189,209 62.979,766 76,303,387 3,929,625 5,247,355 6,779,308 8.293,869 10. 240, 232 11,781,231 14,569,584 17.326,157 19.687,504 23,925,639 28.188,321 33,553,630 100.0 98.8 93.6 86.0 79.6 69.0 62.8 55.1 51.1 47.7 44.8 44.0 1800 1,378,858 1,931,398 2,398,572 3,227,667 4,203,433 6,122,423 8.251.445 7.115.050 11,630,838 12.790.557 13.323,621 1,317,730 1,531,953 1,514,561 1,946,363 1,540.999 2.788.353 2.756.573 2.361.347 4, 238. 135 4,262,682 5,365.309 95.6 79.3 63.1 60.3 36.7 45.5 33.4 33.2 36.4 33.3 40.3 35.1 36.4 33.1 33.5 32.7 35.9 35.6 22.6 30.2 25.5 21.2 33.5 29.2 22.3 23.5 15.0 23.7 18.9 13.6 21.5 17.8 19.0 1810 653.5 1820 191.9 1830 9.5.3 1840 101.4 1850 63. I860 1870 1880 1890 63.7 33.7 39.2 32.5 1900 22.9 For every decade the percentage of increase in num- ber of inhabitants was less for the area enumerated in 1790 than for the United States as a whole. During the first half of the century, with one exception, the increase in the area enumerated in 1790 was approx- imately from one-fourth to one-third. Since that period it has exceeded 20 per cent only ' once — in 1880. The effects of the Civil War and of migration to the West and Southwest are shown by an increase of but 13.6 per cent for 1870. The j)ercentage of increase for 1900, however, was liigher than that showTi for 1890, and was close to the percentage for 1880 — the liighest percentage shown during the last half century. This fact suggests certain com- paratively recent causes of increase in the original area, some of which are alluded to elsewhere in this report.^ Up to 1860 the increase in the population of the added area is not significant, because the continual accessions of territory affect the comparability of the returns. Since that year large areas nominally in- cluded within the territory enumerated have been opened up to settlement, but the only definite geo- graphic area addetl to the area of enumeration is that comprised in Indian Territory and Oklahoma. Since 1860 the percentage of increase in the population of the added area has not reached 40 per cent; from 1880 to the Twelfth Census the percentage steadily dimin- ished until, converging from widely separated extremes in the earlier decades of the century, in 1900 the per- centage of increase in both sections had become nearly the same. Tliis fact reflects the rapid settlement of continental United States, and tlie disappearance of any considerable areas which could be regarded as ' See page 127. unsettled regions. At the close of the century every portion of the national domain had been erected into states, or into territories the boundaries of wliich are not hkely to change materially upon acqiuring state- hood; and these were again fully subdivided into counties, cities, and towns. In consequence, toward the close of the century conditions in the added area tended to resemble more and more closely those long existing in the original area. Population iy states and territories. — Table 1 1 pre- sents the marvelous growth in population, during the one hundred and ten years wliich have elapsed, of the states and territories enumerated in 1790. Attention has already been called, in a preceding chapter, to the significant constancy in the percentage of increase in the population of the colonies for nearly a century and a half prior to the First Census of the United States. The accompanying diagram illustrates this fact and the continuance of practically uniform percentages from 1660 to 1860. From the First Census to the Twelfth the aggregate ' population of the states enumerated in 1790 increased ahiiost tenfold . This increase resulted both from the contributions of the original elements (those persons, both white and negro, enumerated at the First Census) and from the addition of large numbers of foreigners arriving after 1790 and locating in the New England and Middle states. In view of the generous contribu- tions which the original states of the Union were mak- ing toward the development and peopling of the vast areas opened to settlement (and for the most part erected into states) since 1790 — nearly eight times as great as the entire area actually enumerated in 1790 — this achievement, during the brief period of one cen- tury, must be regarded as a remarkable one. ♦ AREA AND TOTAL POPULATION. 57 Tahi.e 1 1.— population OF THE UNITED STATES AND OF EACH STATE OR TERRITORY ENUMERATED IN 1790: 1790 TO 1900. STATE OR TERRITOKY. United States Area enumerated in 1790. New England. Maine Now Hampshire. Vermont Massachusetts — Rhode Island Connecticut Middle states. New York New Jersey . . . Pennsylvania. Delaware Southern states . Maryland and District of Columbia VirRiiiia and West Vir- Rinia North Carolina South Carolina (leorcia Kentucky Tennessee Added area. 1790 3,929,625 3,929,625 1,009,206 96,043 141,899 85,341 378,5515 69,112 237,655 1,017,087 340,241 184,139 4:«,611 59,096 1,903,332 319,728 747,610 395,005 249,073 82,548 73,677 35,091 1800 5,308,483 5,247,355 1,233,011 151,719 183,858 154,465 422,845 09,122 251,002 1810 I8!0 7,239,881 9,638,453 6,779,308 8,293,869 1,471,973 589,051 211,149 602,365 64,273 2,547,506 355,641 880,200 478,103 345,591 161,414 220,955 105,602 61,128 228,705 214,460 217,895 472,040 70,931 261,942 2,087,376 ,060,071 959,049 245,562 810,091 72,674 3,219,959 404,569 974,000 5.55,500 415,115 201,937 400,511 261,727 460,573 298,335 244, 101 2.35,981 52;i,2H7 83,059 275,248 2,772,594 1,372,812 277,575 1,049, 4.58 72,749 3,861,204 440,389 1,065,300 638, S29 .502,741 220,739 564,317 422,823 1,. 344,. 584 18S0 IMO 12,866,020 17,069,453 23,191,876 10,240,232 111, 781, 231 1,954,717 399,455 209,. 328 280, 0.W 010,408 97,199 297,075 3,664,412 1,918,608 320,823 1,348,233 70,748 4,021,103 2,234,822 486,874 1,211,405 737,987 .581, IM 23.3. 831 («7,917 681,904 2,625,788 501,793 284,574 291,948 737,699 108,830 309,978 4,604,345 2,428,921 373,300 1,724,033 78,085 4,942,064 513,731 1,239, 7.53, 594 231 779, 5,288,222 1860 31,443,321 [38,558,371 14,569,584 2,728,116 583,169 317,976 314,120 994,514 147,545 .170,792 .5,990,207 3,097,394 489,555 2,311,786 91,532 5,851,201 634,721 1,421,661 869,039 668,507 272,151 982,405 1,002,717 8,622,292 I860 1870 17,326,157 19,687,504 1880 1890 50,186,209 62,979,766 76,303,387 1900 23,925,639 28,188,321 '33,.'»3,030 3,135,283 3,487,924 4,010,529 4,700,749 5,592,017 628,279 I 326,073 I 315,098 ' l,2;il.00('. 174,620 400, 147 626,915 318,300 330,551 1,4.57,351 217,3.53 537,454 7,571,201 I 8,935,821 rf, 880, 735 672,035 2,900,215 112,216 6,619,073 762,129 1,596,318 992,022 703,708 299,411 1,155,684 1,109,801 14,117,164 4,.382,759 906,096 3,.521,951 125,015 7,263,759 912,594 1,667,177 1,071,301 7a5,606 327,490 1,321,011 1,258,520 18,870,867 648,936 346,991 332,286 1,783,085 270,. 531 622,700 661,086 376,530 3ri,422 2,238,947 345,506 746,258 694,466 411,588 343,li41 2,805,346 428,. 550 908,420 10,643,486 |l2,874,713 15,639,413 5,082,871 1,131,116 4,282,891 146,608 9,271,624 6,003,174 1, 444, 9.33 5,258,113 168,493 10,612,859 1,112,567 2,131,022 1,399,750 995,. 577 441,659 1,648,690 1,542,359 26,263,570 1,272,782 2,418,774 1,617,949 1,151,149 526,052 1,858,035 1,707,518 34,791,445 DiAdRAM .3.— PER CENT OP INCREASE IN POPULATK^N BY DECADES FROM 1(>50 TO 1900. 7,208,894 1,883,0)19 6,302,115 184,735 12,322,200 1,466,702 2,812,984 1,893,810 1,340,316 640, .5.38 2,147,174 2,020,616 42,749,757 65 60 55 SO 4& 40 V / \ s / V \ ^ S^ y 36 30 25 20 IS 10 5 \ y / N / \ \ / \ \ "^ \ \ / \ \ / \ 1 t i 3 ( •n c 3 < ■> < 3 < } < < 5 < 3 C 3 < ■> ( 5 < > c 5 C 3 C 5 O 58 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Dividing the area enumerated in 1790 into three geographic groups, it is found that between 1790 and 1900 the population of the New England states increased slightly more than fivefold; that of the Middle states, more than fifteenfold ; and that of the Southern states, more than sixfold. Tliis record of population change suggests that the most striking increase has taken place in the two states which are the greatest centers of commerce, mining, and manu- facturing — New York and Permsylvania. The per cent of decennial increase in the total popu- lation of the United States from 1790 to 1900 was as follows : 1790 to 1800 35. 1 1800 to 1810 36. 4 1810 to 1820 33. 1 1820 to 1830 33. 5 1830 to 1840 32. 7 1840 to 1850 35. 9 1850 to 18C0 35. 6 1860 to 1870 22. 6 1870 to 1880 30. 1 1880 to 1890 25. 5 1890 to 1900 21. 2 It is significant that from 1790 to 1860, a period of seventy years, the percentages of decennial increase in total population remained reasonably constant. Tliis is illustrated by the fact that the increase of popula- tion for the first decade, 1790 to 1800, was 35.1 per cent, while the increase for the seventh decade, 1850 to 1860, was 35.6 per cent. Such noteworthy uniformity of increase naturally led to opinions and prophecies concerning the future population of the Repubhc winch proved to be erro- neous. President Lincoln, in his annual message to Congress in 1862,' fell into the error of assuming that the increase of population, because constant for more than half a century, would so continue, and upon that assumption predicted for 1900 a population much greater than was actually realized. From 1850 to 1900 the decennial percentage of increase for the total population steadily decHned, except for the decade 1870 to 1880, following the Civil War; for the last decade of the century only 21.2 per cent increase was shown. It is probable, more- over, that the downward tendency here shown has not been arrested. Density of population. — In 1790 the density of the enumerated area was a little less than 10 persons per square mile. With the passage of the century the ' "At the same ratios of increase which we have maintained, on an average, from our first national census of 1790 until that of 1860, we should in 1900 have a population of 103,208,415 (in 1910, 138,- 918,526). And why may we not continue that ratio far beyond that period? Our abundant room — our broad, natural homestead — is our ample resource. * * * Our country may be as populous as Europe now is at some point between 1920 and 1930 — say about 1925 — our territory, at 73J persons to the square mile, being of capacity to contain 217,186,000" — Messages of the Presidents, Vol Vl, pages 1S8, 139. density of the same area has increased practically nine- fold, and that of continental United States as a whole has nearly trebled. Table 12. — Density of population per square mile: 1790 and I'JOO. Continental United States., Area enumerated in 1790 New England states.. Maine New Hampshire. Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island . . . . Connecticut Middle states. New York New Jersey Pennsylvania. Delaware Southern states. Maryland and District of Columbia. Virginia and West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia' Kentucky Tennessee Added area'. 1790 9.4 1900 9.4 80.4 16.3 3.2 15.8 9.3 47.1 63.4 49.1 10.0 7.1 24.7 9.6 30.2 7.S 32.2 11. S 8.1 8.3 4.6 1.8 0.9 90.2 23.2 45.7 37.6 348.9 407.0 187.5 153.2 152.6 250. 3 140.1 94.3 49.4 147.9 43.4 39.0 44.4 a'i.9 53.7 48.4 16.7 ' Georgia counties covering an area of 17,841 square miles were enumerated in 1790. The rest of the state is included in the added area. In 1790 Rhode Island, the smallest state enumerated, reported the largest number of inhabitants per square mile, and in 1900 it still retained first position. But the density of this state increased less than sevenfold during the century ; and that of Massachusetts, which was second in rank in 1900, increased less than eight- fold. The great increase in density shown during the century for the entire area enumerated in 1790 was contributed principally by those portions of New York, Pennsylvania, and the Southern states which were sparsely populated in 1790. For example, Ken- tucky increased thirtyfold and Teimessee fiftyfold. States showing density, in 1900, less than average for U. S. in 1790. Upon inspecting the density of population in the states comprising the Union in 1900, as shown in the Population Reports of the Twelfth Census,'' it becomes ^ Twelfth Census, Report on Population, Part I, page xxxiii. AREA AND TOTAL POPULATION. 59 evident that no states except Florida, North Dakota, South Dakota, and the Western states now have a density of less than 10 persons per square mile, or, in other words, a density as low as the density of popula- tion for the entire area enumerated in 1790. Applying to the population of the different areas of enumeration in continental United States the land area of the states and territories included, the following figures result: Table 13.— DENSITY OF POPULATION IN SPECIFIED AREAS OF ENUMERATION WITHIN CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES: 1790 TO 1900. ABEA ENTJMEBATED— 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 In lS90and 1900 1 1 21.2 21.6 28.6 46.9 SOO 52.4 57.2 67.6 13.6 25.6 In IKW, 1870, and 1880 1 10.8 15.2 2G.0 28.0 30.1 33.4 41.5 6.7 13.3 18.4 31.3 33.8 35.6 39.3 47.2 7.6 i7.3 23.4 £9.0 41.9 44.0 48.2 57.4 10 6 25.9 In 1850 11.3 19.7 22.1 23.3 26.3 34.9 6.3 34 4 In 1840 14.7 16.6 17.5 20.1 28.2 7.1 55.9 In 1820 12.6 13.3 15.5 24.5 4.3 60 5 In 1810 and 1820 7.5 8.9 16.3 0.8 io.o •11.7 19.9 2.4 62.3 In IhOO 6.0 12.6 0.2 68.0 In 1790 9.4 o0.4 16.7 First In 1800... 0.2 0.9 0.6 2.9 1.4 5.7 2.3 0.6 11.3 5.0 1.0 0.3 17.0 8.5 1.6 1.5 0.4 24.6 14.0 2.6 6.2 1.3 0.2 30.8 17.6 3.4 12.0 1.9 0.7 38.3 23.5 4.9 17.6 3.3 2.3 45.8 29.6 7.1 23.6 5.1 4.5 2.0 54.6 First in 1810 34.8 First In 18o0 9.6 First in 1840 29.2 First in 1850 , 6.7 First in 18t0 T 6.1 First in 1890 . . 8.3 Diagram 4. — Increase in density in original a7id added area: 1790 to 1900. 90 60 / 70 / / 50 / ^/ / 30 20 / / / y y / ,'' ^ ,^'' --'' — — ^pc £0,. 1790 1800 1810 1820 leaO I840 IQbO 1860 1870 I8B0 1890 1900 Between 1790 and 1900 the density of population in the area enumerated in 1790 increased nearly nine- fold. In the same period the density of the added area as a whole increased from nothing to 16.7, so that in 1900 it was about one-fifth as great as that of the original area. The above table shows very clearly that detailed comparisons between the original and tlie added area are hkely to be misleading, because of the composite character of the latter. The areas added in 1800, 1810, and 1840, which together comprise practically all of the states tying in the fertile valley of the Mississippi and east of that river, had attained in 1 900 a density of from .30 to 50 persons per square mile. In Florida, which includes large areas of swamp land, the density after seventy years was only 9.7 persons per square mile. AVest of the Mississippi the densitj'^ is not very great ; but it has doubled in the twenty )'ears since 1880, and will doubtless continue to increase. The changes in density during the century illustrate effectively the influence of industrial development upon the growth and the movement of population. In several states of the original area this influence h:is produced conditions, and resulting densities, wliich approximate those of some of the countries of Europe. Thus, the density of Rhode Island (407.0) in 1900 was nearly the same as that of Holland (406.4) in 1899; the density of Massachusetts (348.9) corresponded with that of the United Kingdom (341.6) in 1901; and the density of Connecticut (187.5) corresponded with that of France (190.7) in 1901. Had the density of continental United States been as great as that of Russia in Europe (50.3) in 1897 the population of continental United States in 1900 would have been approximately 1.50,000.000: had it been as great as that of France, the population would have been more than 500,000,000. V. POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND THEIR SUBDIVISIONS. COUNTY AREAS MADE COMPARABLE— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS— NAMES OF TOWNS NOT RETURNED SEPARATELY AT THE FIRST CENSUS— POPULATION OF CITIES. POPUI-ATION OF COUNTIES. In 1790 there were 292 counties in the area enumer- ated; in 1900 there were 784 coimties in tlie same area. Of the 292 counties enumerated in 1790, however, few were even approximately the same in area as the coun- ties bearing the same name a century later. In order, therefore, to determine what changes have occurred in county population, it is necessary first to ascertain, as accurately as possible, the 1900 areas comparable with those which existed under the same county names in 1790.> The population in 1900 of the counties included in the area enumerated in 1790 is presented in Table 105 (page 201), in comparison with the returns for 1790. As this adjustment has been made in connection with the classification of population by color, sex, and age, some reference to the more important facts indicated will be found in the section dealing with that classification. The statement has frequently been made that many of the counties in the area enumerated in 1790 have decreased in population during the nineteenth century. The following analysis of county areas in the several states enumerated in 1790, according to the amount of increase or decrease, is based upon the comparable areas presented in Table 105: ' The changes in most oases have been in the direction of organiz- ing new counties from the area existing under the county name in 1790; in Maine, for example, 5 counties only had been erected in 1790, as compared with 16 in 1900. Wherever a 1790 county line passed through a town having over 500 inhabitants in 1900, estimated parts of such population were assigned to the counties on each side of the line. For determining the changes in county areas which have occurred during the century, three general sources of information are avail- able: (1) The statutes of the several states; (2) maps made in 1790, or sufficiently near that year to show with reasonable accuracy the counties as they were at the time; and (3) gazetteers, yearbooks, and state histories and manuals. Beginning with the Ninth Census (1870) the Federal census reports upon population have recorded the changes made in the area of counties during the decade preced- ing the publication of the report. This material was useful to sup- plement similarly detailed information for the period from 1790 to 1860, when the latter could be secured. The statutes of the several states must be accepted as the most reliable source of information for this analysis. In cases where natural boundaries, such as rivers, bays, mountain ridges, etc., are specified as county limits, these can be readily located upon recent maps, and hence the county boundaries as they existed in 1790 can easily be determined. Such natural features bounded in whole or in part the counties of Maryland and Kentucky at the close of the eighteenth century. For these states, therefore, little evidence was required in addition to that derived from state statutes. In most instances, however, the statutes in defining county lines refer to landmarks which have long since vanished, such as "a stick and stones," or "three trees," or to the property of persons long since deceased, which can not now be ea-nily identified. Determination of the exact location of such landmarks would have required much detailed research, involving great expense, and was obviously im- practicable. Hence, in such cases it has been necessary to rely (60) Table 14. — Counties enumerated in 1790, classified according to the amount of increase or decrease of population within their boundaries from 1790 to 1900. Total num- ber of coun- ties. Num- ber of coun- ties de- creas- ing. NUMBER OF COUNTIES IN- CKEASINO— STATE OR TERRITORY. Less than 25 per cent. From 25 to 100 per cent. From 100 to 500 per cent. Over 500 per cent. Area enumerated in 179(f 292 10 15 51 122 94 41 1 10 16 14 5 5 7 11 5 8 52 1 3 3 3 . 2 4 23 4 2 2 2 1 3 2 2 Massachusetts 1 5 2 1 Middle states 27 New York 15 13 21 3 199 1 5 9 7 2 83 9 . 4 14 1 39 Southern states 9 15 53 19 78 54 20 11 9 8 1 8 3 11 6 23 6 4 6 24 34 9 4 2 4 3 Virginiai 12 North Carolina 14 South Carolina . 1 6 Georgia 7 7 Tennessee 4 1 Includes West Virginia. upon maps of the 1790 period and upon the secondary sources of information above mentioned. Maps for 1790, or for years close to that date, are available for most of the states enumerated in 1790. But the best maps of the period are to some extent incorrect both in boundai'ies and in areas; few of them indicate the boundaries of counties, and even these sometimes proved useless on account of inaccuracy. For the states of Virginia and Georgia no maps containing the county lines could be found, and it is probable that none are in existence. It is curious that Virginia, in which the oldest settlements and the largest population e'xisted at the First Census, should be one of the states for which such important information is entirely lacking. Gazetteers, yearbooks, and state histories and manuals proved useful as guides and as a secondary source of information, and data thus .secured were freely used aa a basis for constructing county lines where more direct evidence was lacking or could not be secured without great expenditure of clerical labor. A few of the state manuals contain carefully compiled data recording all changes in the areas of counties; for example, the manual of the state of Massa- chusetts specifies the date of transfer of all towns or parts of towns from one county to another. But in general, publications of this character contain merely a list of the counties, with the date of formation and the county or counties from which formed. Such information proved helpful, however, because it facilitated the work of combining the 1900 counties, or parts of coimties, which were formed from any county enumerated in 1790. It was also useful in verifying the boundaries shown in maps and in making clear .some of the lines specified in the statutes. From this explanation of the method of procedure adopted, it is obvious that absolute accuracy has not been secured in the attempt to obtain comparable areas at the first and last censuses. But for the desired purpose — that of establishing a reasonable basis of compari- son — the county lines, as shown in the accompanying maps and utilized in the tables, are without question sufficiently accurate. Eh ^; P o u CO C I *^ C H Pi MASSACHUSETTS, CONNECTICUT, AND RHODE ISLAND— CHANGES IN COUNTY LINES: 1790 AND 1900. [Red lines indicate 1790 boundaries.] U" •^ ( oo c rC^ f \ ^•^ ^ ^A i\ o r<^ *»» o I- z I ^ > o . "-2—-- Is • o .>-- •-^:-i x\ '-■^~:. sia^o^'}^fU4v^ o o ri- >lU-T-^4/-; o £■ M £ c M ■^ f ^ z I ..i!.J o ^ H- i " i ^ 4. LP I >5 I ? I \» < it NEW JERSEY-CHANGES IN COUNTY LINES: 1790 AND 1900. [Red lines indicate 1790 boundaries.] < o o "A < H o I H « Q < Q !5 O < CO O O O W I O Eh 02 <; t-H O es NORTH CAROLINA AND SOUTH CAROLINA-CHANGES IN COUNTY LINES: 1790 AND 1900. [Red lines indicate 1790 boundaries.] GEORGIA-CHANGES IN COUNTY LINES: 1790 AND 1900. (Red lines Indicate 1790 lioundaiics. ] jc**eoft&; /fa n m « n V r l_/"iH.Tritl.BrVlUR(>»Vf cw A 1. K t A/ ) r 1— i yA UN I ON I LM ■ K JV Z.. /■f ''\ )' R * 8 w t ( 1 CMATTO06A Ao O W O O H yf r- -^r \ U M»ICIN *1V«H tyt / '\Ai ^Tl. •/ \' f 1. o T e f'8*l»TOV»!'"*^0«ttifo«»»T»^ -^•^>4M A L L^ ._. ! (-\ .'Hi 4^ » O i H ! ' — A I ^JACKSOH f M'..M •X ! I DtKALB > > y /oCkCTHont>l r' 'CAMPBlLt* ,o' .f~Tr'^^;, /v ■ W I LH t 9 C A f^ R O t. t. .> \^\) L ^t-i^' ..<■/ • J M « H I >^ \.. -< ■■>— » nSjck, . WASHINGTON >ivf**^« • B u R « t ^, I BB WliKIHlOH^ CRAWrOOD _■ 1 •vTW I06S \.''' 3^% Cl-.r 1 TAYI-OH^.-^ X iMuscoott ^-^.■^•-^ I ; .-'V HOUSTON iMAItlOMJ "^ MACON ! , ^/ V^.A S H 1 N ,<^ T N ^,„^«. f V ^ <. a o t t o e mV ^- r t M A H U t I. ISCWHV >»1. I 1st » VITA AT ; I IwCliTM- 9 U ITER o o o L y V— .- I ■t— ,. •< CRISP •s, ■PULASK.I/'' ."■ \ \ >-. \D O O O f. \ .^' r-vi vO r-^' Z' MONT( ^MtRvf i TOOMOS' BOY AM ^ s. /"■ /"■/ Ir A N o c k. » >r> I T e R n 1 1 1| I LCt 1 ^ifF s w I I. C O < :> I v F A I iy ICLAV i V, |T«DBNERj I = V-' ^•'"^•-. i ^< r- I I I icALHOUM^ OOU6"C«TT | ■zk. IRWIN j y I A P P k I N C \_. \AfOflTH > '.■ L J— r^. ^ f^ c o r r L I A B «• v|b i.., .._^ i I- ..A >1>TCHCL.I-| ^ e c R nil • c N i . '. -f.^- j c c tool tt: W A « t OECATUn ! I GRAOYIthomas i i _._-^ A, ILOwilbCS CLINCH \ r e n O O R 9 t \! t C M o >■ s 76292—09 6 S5 ^; ^ ^ I t» 8 o s « 8 •< 3 W 3 CO « El Q « !Z5 E3 [-^^_.t!S^l I I ; ? I I F 5 A. , < V.L.^.i %J^ /i._. J > %«. _\., L._S— O '_. — «;-.— POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND THEIR SUBDIVISIONS. 71 Upon this basis, which is obviously the onlj^ correct method of analysis, decreases are shown for only 1 county in New England (Nantucket Island), 1 in Maryland, and 8 in Virginia. In other words, of the county areas enumerated in 1790 only about ,3 per cent showed a decrease during the century which has elapsed since the First Census. On the other hand, approximately three-fourths of the entire number have increased much more than 100 per cent, and about one- third showed a population increase of over 500 percent. One hundred and fortj'-eight counties in the area enumerated in 1790 reported a maximum popu- lation at some year since 1850 but prior to 1900, without having undergone any change of area suf- ficient to explain the lower figure. The following table shows that in the aggregate the maximum population of these counties exceeded their popu- lation in 1900 by 244,763, or 7.8 per cent. Tliis fact is shown graphically in the map on the next page. Table 15.-NUMBER OF COUNTIES IN AREA ENUMERATED IN 1790 REACHING MAXIMUIkl POPULATION PRIOR TO 1900, WITU THE POPULATION IN 1900, AND THE AGGREGATE M.^XIMUAI POPULATION OF SUCH COUNTIES. STATE OE TEKEITOaT. Number of counties. Population in 1900. AfiKiegate maximum population. ; KVMBEB or couirmta reachino maxi- HVH POPULATION IN— I8W isao 1870 1880 1890 Area enumerated In 1790 ., 9 .. to 1 i> New England 24 564,738 637,605 4 i o 1 Maine 8 3 10 2 216,362 54,430 238,591 30,832 244,613 60.161 263,308 44,442 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 3 2 New Hampshire i i \ ermon t 1 1 Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut i 24,523 43 1 1,467,648 25,081 1,571,390 1 u Middle states 3 2 3 24 NewYork 25 1 16 1 81 958, 8S1 34,507 441,528 32,762 1,119,684 1,032,815 38.570 467,131 32,874 1.187,838 3 2 3 13 1 9 1 39 4 New Jersey Pennsylvania 7 Delaware ........ Southern states 3 7 2 30 Man-land 5 29 99,180 339,716 104,444 366,970 4 15 Virginia 2 7 We.sf Vlrelnia N'ortii Carolina 9 145,881 163,874 2 Sou th Carolina 16 13 9 168,184 188,678 178,046 177,852 198,094 186,604 1 1 1 8 6 6 Kentucky The preponderance of maximum population at the Tenth Census was probably due to the fact that the agricultural prosperity of the original area of the United States reached its highest point about 1S80; after that date the competition of the West in agricul- tural products became rapidly greater, thus increasing the problems of the eastern farmer, and offering added inducements for removal to more favored sections or for migration to cities. The following table presents a classification of coun- ties by specified sizes at intervals of practically half a century: Table 16.— COUTN'TIES IN THE IGNITED STATES GROUPED ACCORDING TO SIZE AS MEASURED BY POPULATION, WITH NUMBER AND PROPORTION OF POPULATION IN EACH GROUP: 1790, 1850, AND 1900.' 1790 1860 IMO For total area. For area enumerated at First Census. For total area. For area enumerated at First Census. LIMITS OF POPULATION. Coun- ties. Population, Coun- ties. Population. Coun- ties. Population. Coun- Ues. Population. Coim- Papulation. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of totaL Number. Per cent of totaL All counties 292 3.929,62.5 100.0 1,621 23,191.876 100.0 749 15,203,618 100.0 2.713 72,682,620 loao 784 32,423,487 loao Less than 5.000 42 106 56 38 14 11 15 6 5 136,755 779. 720 690, .138 662,499 312.774 310. 2.W 509.681 222.741 304,667 3.5 19.8 17.6 16 9 8.0 7.9 13.0 5.7 7.8 436 1.149.920 5.0 13.6 16.2 11.2 8.7 7.8 9.2 6.6 23.0 71 1 257.604 214 , 1.596,663 168 1 2,086,184 76 1 1,310.572 59 1,307.537 39 1.061.812 45; 1, .574,383 24 l,a'<0.065 ! 53 4,958.798 1.7 10.5 13.7 8.6 8.6 7.0 ia4 6.9 32.6 375 397 417 459 304 219 224 99 2:9 979.746 3.072.602 5.210,957 7,990,377 6,784.301 6.002.795 7.t>13.744 4. 426. f>'>5 3a.l«1.234 1.3 4.2 7.2 11.0 9.3 as ia5 6.1 42.1 18 77.237 107 845.122 127 1,579.431 141 2.460.495 83 1 1.862.318 67 1,831.416 80 2,709.902 37 . 1.666,711 124 19,411,866 a2 5.000 to 10.000 428 303 150 91 66 56 3,130.978 3.748.171 2,604,223 2,011,408 1,801,368 2,133,465 1.272.263 6,340,080 2.6 10.000 to l.i.OOO 15.000 to 20.000 4.9 7.6 20.CC0to2'),000.. . . 6.7 25.000 to 30.000 6.6 30.000 to 40.000.. 8.4 40.000 to 50.000 6. 1 60,000 and over . . . 69.9 ' Limited to areas having oitranlzed county government, the districts of Alaska, or the Islands of Hawaii. Not including the District of Columbia, citlea independent of county organiiation, Indian leserratiou, „ ^TiTnTi tlin TPCiS POPULATION IN 1900 THAN AT SOME PREVIOUS COUNTIES IN AKEA ^^^^l-f^-^^.'^'.^^S^,'^^^ IN AKEA. POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND THEIR SUBDIVISIONS. 73 The population conditions prevailing in the United States in 1790 — when the two groups of counties hav- ing between 5,000 and 20,000 inhabitants included more than half of the population and two-thirds of the counties — had changed materially by 1850, and by 1900 the class which j)reponderated in 1790 had become comparatively insignificant. On the other hand, the group which preponderated in 1900 — that having a population of 50,000 or over, which included 219 counties and two-fifths of the population — in 1790 included but 5 counties and less than 10 per cent of the population. In 1900 the area enumerated in 1790 contained 784 counties. A comparison of the population of these counties from decade to decade shows in many in- stances apparent decrease in inhabitants, but in a large proportion of these cases such decrease is the result of changes in county areas — the tendency, as popula- tion grew denser, being to subdivide large counties. POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS. Local organization within counties in 1790 has already been described briefly in Chapter II, in connection with the subjects of boundaries and area of the United States in 1790. Minor civil divisions (subdivisions of the counties) were returned separately at the census of 1790 for the New England states and for a portion of the Middle states, but not for any Southern state. This makes the county the smallest unit available for comparison when the entire Republic is considered. In 1790, in all settled portions of New England, the boundaries of the towns were specified in the charters, and were well defined. It was therefore natural to expect that the enumerators and marshals would make their returns by towns. All returns were by towns, except for New London county, Conn. The sum- mary of the marshal for Connecticut, however, did not give the population of minor civil divisions in any county. In the Middle states, except in the more thickly set- tled sections, the boundaries of the minor civil divi- sions were less clearly defined than in New England, and more unstable. The county was the important subdivision, and doubtless many of the enumerators, in the absence of definite instructions, considered a return of the minor subdivisions of small consequence even where practicable. All the enumerators for New York showed the popu- lation of the townships under the counties. In the Census report, however, the population of Ontario county — which included all the western portion of the state — is not shown by townships. The 1790 schedules for New Jersey are not in existence. The marshal for New Jersey included in his summary the names of the townships in the 13 counties which composed the state, but reported the population of individual townships for only 5 counties. or scarcely more than one-third of the total number. If the enumerators in the remaining 8 counties — which were not confined to any one section of tiie state — were required to ascertain the population by town- ships, they probably succeeded in doing so with little or no difficulty. Hence the responsibility for in- consistent returns must have rested with the marshal. Of the 21 counties in Pennsylvania in 1790, only 9 of the older settled counties were returned by town- ships or minor civil divisions. For 5 other counties the returns were partly by minor civil divisions and partly grouped under such phrases as "remainder of county" or "eastern (or western) portion of county." For the remaining 7 counties, which were practically unsettled, and might be termed frontier counties, the population was given for the county only, with the comment "not returned by townships." The returns for Delaware and for all the Southern states were presented by counties only. In the South the roads were poor, even in the more thickly settled districts, and at a distance from the coast they degen- erated into trails or ceased entirely, so that the geog- raphers of that period found it difficult to construct maps which would present the physical formation with accuracy; it was not to be expected that an enumer- ation made under such difficulties could present accu- rately the population bydivisionssmallerthan counties, even where such divisions existed. In the returns for Virginia and South Carolina the population of the most important places was appended; the returns for the District of Kentucky gave separately the population of 5 towns. Villages existed within the counties, and the boundaries of the larger villages were probably well defined. But inasmuch as they were subject to change by the local authorities at pleasure, it is probable that Uttle importance attached to them as separate units. This is indicated by the fact that in 1790 many vil- lages had two names, as Waltliam, or Westham, in Henrico county, Va. ; and also b}' the fact that in many cases the same village is designated by different names on different maps published about that time. Attempts to ascertain from outside sources the names of townships and of villages or other settlements which existed in 1790 but were not reported at the First Census, made it evident that complete lists of minor civil divisions are not available for anj' of the Southern states. For Virginia it was possible to com- pile from a contemporarj- histoni' a reasonably accu- rate list of settlements which were in existence in 1 790 ; but the lack of such lists for other states, and the diffi- culty in securing information upon this subject, justify the inclusion in this publication of the following lists of minor civil divisions, which were compiled, after considerable inquiry and research, from the principal gazetteers, maps, etc., of the period, and from lists of post offices as they existed in 1 796. After having been prepared with care, these fists were submitted to oflS- cials of state historical societies in Pennsylvania, 74 Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee, respec- tively. Thus they have received the consideration and revision of the most competent authorities in the states considered. No dofmite information exists as to the exact legal status of the 436 communities or settlements in the Southern states which possessed sufficient importance to appear in the records of the states, thus justifymg inclusion below. Some of them doubtless had a mu- nicipal form of government, however small their pop- ulation; others may have been townships in the geographic sense, possibly without population; still others may have been settlements without any town- ship formation below the county. PENNSYLVANIA. [Those counties for which minor civil divisions are not given in the census returns, or are given in part only.] A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. PENNSYLVANIA — continued. Allegheny county: Deer. Depreciation tract.' Elizabeth. Fayette. Indiana. Mifllin. Moon. Ohio. Pine. Pitt. Pittsburgh town. Plum. Robinson. Ross. St. Clair. Versailles. Bedford county: Bedford. Belfast. Bethel. Brothers Valley. Colerain. Cumberland Valley. Dublin. Elk Lick. Hopewell. Londonderry. Millford. Providence. Tiu-key Foot. Woodberry. Bucks county: Bedminster. Bensalem. Bri-stol. Buckingham. Durham. Falls. Haycock. Ililltown. Lower Makefield. Lower Milford. Middletown. New Britain. Newtown. Nockamixon. Northampton. Bucks county — Continued. Oxford. Plumstead. Rockhill. Solebury. Southampton. Springfield. Tinicum. Upper Makefield. Warminster. Warrington. Warwick. Wrightstown. Cumberland county: Allen. Carlisle. East Pennsborough. Hopewell. Middletown. Newton. Rye. Tybom. Tyrone. Westpensboro. Dauphin county: Bethel. Derry. East Hanover. Harrisburgh town. Heidleberg. Lebanon. Londonderry. Lower Paxtang. Upper Paxtang. West Hanover. Franklin county: Antrim. Fannet. Greene. Guildford. Hamilton. Letterkenney. Lurgau. Montgomery. Peters. Southampton. Washington. ' Lands north of the Ohio river and west of the .Allegheny river, ordered to be sold by the state at public auction and to be paid for by certificates issued by the state and representing the deprecia- tion of the currency theretofore paid out by the state. Huntingdon county: Barree. Dublin. Frankstown. Hopewell. Huntingdon. Shirley. Woodberry. Luzerne county: Exeter. Hanover. Kingston. Lachawanock. Newport. Pittston. Plymouth. Salem. Tunkahannock. Tyoga. Wilkesbarre. Willingborough. Wyal using. Mifflin county: Armagh. Derry. Fermanagh. Greenwood. Lack. Lewistown. Milford. Upper Bald Eagle. Wayne. Montgomery county : Abington. Cheltenham. Douglass. Franconia. Frederick. Gvnned. Hatfield. Horsham. Limerick. Lower Merion. Lower Salford. Marlborough. Montgomery. Moreland. New Hanover. Norriton. Perkiomen. Plymouth. Providence. Springfield. Toamencing. Kent county: Dover. Duck Creek. Frederica. Milford. Newcastle county: Christiana. Middletown. Newark. Newcastle. Newport. Allegany county: Cumberland. Old Town. Ann- Arundel county: Annapolis. Elkridge. Hitton. London. Baltimore county: Ctotham. Hookstown. Reistertown. I Montgomery co\inty — Cont'd. Upper Dublin. Upper Hanover. Upper Merion. Upper Salford. Whitemarsh. Whitepaine. W^orcester. Northumberland county: Augusta. Bald Eagle. Beaver Dam. Buffaloe. Catawessy. Chilisquaque. Derry. Fishing Creek. Loyalsock. Lycoming. Mahoning. Mahonoy. Muncy. Nepanese. Penn's. Pine Creek. Point. Potters. Shamokin. Turbut. Washington. Whitedeer. Washington coimty: Amyell. Chartier. Coecil. Cross Creek. Cumberland. Donegal. East Bethlehem. Fallowfield. Findlay. Franklin. Greene. Hanover. Hopewell. Morgan. Morris. Nottingham. Peters. Smiths. Strabane. Summerset. Washington. West Bethlehem. DELAWARE. Newcastle county — Continued. St. Georges. Stanton. Wilmington. Sussex county: Dagsboro. Georgetown. Lewes. County not specified : CantweU's Bridge. MARYLAND. Baltimore town and precincts: Baltimore. Calvert county: Hunting Town. Lower Marlborough. Prince Frederick. St. Leonards. Caroline county: Denton. Federalsburg. Greensborough. Hillsborough. POPULATIOX OF COUNTIES AND THEIR SUBDIVISIONS. 75 UABYLAMD — conti&ued. Cecil county: Charles town. Elkton. Frederick. French Town. Warwick. Charle.s county: Allan's Fresh. Benedict. Bristol. Byran Town. Cedar Point. Newport. Port Tobacco. Dorchester county: Bucktown. Cambridge. Hunting-Creek-town. Indian-Town. Newmarket. Vienna. Frederick county: Emmitsburgh. Fredericktown. Leesburg. Liberty-Town. Newmarket. Taneytown. Westminster. Harford county: Abinp;don. Bellaire. Coop-stown. Harford.' Havre de Gras. Joppa. Kent county: Bridgetown. Chester. Georgetown. Massy's Cross Roads. St. James. Sassafras. Accomack county: Accomac (Court House). ^ Horn town. Albemarle county: Charlottesville. Milton. Warren. Amelia county: Winterham. Amherst county: Cabellsburg. New Glasgow. Warminster. Augusta county: Staunton. Bedford county: Liberty. New London. Berkley county: Bath (Court House). Bucklestown. Charlestown. Gerardstown. Marti nsburg. Middletown. Shepherdstown." Botetourt county: Fincastle. Pattonsburg. Buckingham county: Greensville. New Canton. ' Also called Bush Town. ' Now Hambleton. ' Also called Hagorstown. * Also called Funk's town. 'Also called Drunuuondstown. Kent county — Continued. Swantown. Montgomery county: Montgomery C. H. Lenity town. Prince Georges county: BladensTjurg. Nottingham. Piscataway. Queen Anne. Upper Marlborough. Queen Anns county: Bridge-town. Centre\ille. Church Hill. Mount Pleasant. Queenstown. Ruthsborough. St. Marys county: Chaptico. Leonardstown. Somersett county: Princess Ann. Salisbury. Trap. Talbot county: Ea.ston. Hole-in-the-WalL' Hooktown. Kingston. Oxford. Williamsburg. Trappe. Washington county: Elizabeth.^ Hancock. Jerusalem.* Margarettsville. Sharpsburg. Willianieport. Worcester county: Snowhill. Campbell county: Lynchburgh. Caroline county: Bowlin" Green.' North Wales. Port Royal. Charlotte county: Charlotte (Court House).' Jefferson. Chesterfield county: Bermuda Hundred. Gates ville. Manchester. Pocahantas. Warwick. Culpeper county: Culpeper (Court House).* Stevensburg. Cumberland county: Cartersville. Chester. Cumberland (Court House). Effingham. Dinwiddle county: Petersburg. Elizabeth City county: Hampton. Essex county: Beaufort. Botetourt. Laytons. Tappahannock. ' Also called Mecklenburg. 'Originally called New Hope. * Also called Marysville. ' Formerly called Fairfax. TiRoiNiA^-coDtinued. Fairfax county: Alexandria. Colchester. Matildaville. Philee. Salisbury. Shippandstown. Fauquier county: Carolandsville. Fluvanna county: Columbia. Franklin county: Rocky Mount. Frederick county: Frontroyal. StevensDurg.'" Winchester. Gloucester county: Gloucester. Goochland county: Goochland (Court House). Greenbrier county: Lewisburg. Greensville county: Hicksford. Halifax county: Halifax (Court House)." Peytonsburg. Hampsnire county: Frank ford. Romney. Watson. Hanover county: Hanover (I'ourt House). Hanover-Town.'* New Castle. Hardy county: Moorefields. Harrison county: Clarksburg. Henrico county: Richmond. Westham." Isle of Wight county: Smithfield. James City county: Jamestown. Williamsburg. Jefferson county: Charlestown. Kanawha county: Kanawha (Court House) '* King George county: New Marlborough. King William county: Delaware." Lancaster county : Gordonsville. Lancaster (Court House). Loudon county: Leesburg. Middleburg. Lunenburg county: DaMonburg. Mecklenburg county: Mecklenburg." Middlesex county: I'rbanna. Monongalia county: Morgantown. Montgomery county: Montgomery (Court House). Nansemond county: Suffolk. New Kent county: New Kent (Court House). Norfolk county: Norfolk. Portsmouth. Northampton county: Northampton." Northumberland county: Northumberland (Court House). Ohio county: West Liberty. Wheeling. Orange countv: Orange (Court House). Pendleton county: Franklin. Pittsylvania county: Cooksburg. Pittsyl vania(Court House)." Powhatan county: ScottWUe. Prince Edward county: Prince Edward (Court House). Prince George county: Blandford. Port Conway. Prince William county: Carrborough. Dumfries. Newport. Princess Anne county: Kempsville. Richmond county: Leeds. Richmond (Court House)." Rockbridge county: Lexington. Rockingham county: Rockingham(Court House)." Shenandoah county: Chester. Miller's Town. New Market. Strasburg. Woodstock. Southampton county: Jerusalem.-' Spotsylvania county: I'redericksburg. Stafford county: Falmouth. LeesNille. Suny county: Cabbin Point. Cobham. Washington county: Abingdon. Westmoreland county: Kinsale. Westmoreland (Court House). Wood county: BeUeviUe. York county: York Town. County not specified: Goldson's. Harris's. Sweet Springs." Todds. "> Also called Newtown. " Also called Banister. '* Once called Page's Warehouse. " Also called Waltham. '• County seat v/tut later Charles- ton. " Also called West Point. "Now Bovdton. " Now called Eastville. '•Now Chatham. " Now Warsaw. " Now Harrisonburg. " Now Courlland. ° Later called Fontville. 76 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. NORTH CAROLINA. Anson county: Anson C. H. Wadeaborough. Beaufort county: Washington. Woodstock. Bertie county: Windsor. Bladen county: Elizabeth-Town. Brunswick county: Brunswick. Charlotteburg. Clarendon. Old Town. Smithville. Burke county: Morganton. Camden county: Indian Town. Jonesborough. Sawyer's Ferry. Carteret county: Beaufort. Caswell county: Leesburg. Chatham county: CampbeUtown. Chatham C. H. Pittsborough. Chowan county : Edenton. Craven county: Newbem. Cumberland county: Averysborough. Fayetteville. Currituck county: Currituck C. H. Dobbs county: Kingston. Duplin county: Cross-Roads. Duplin C. H. Sarecto. Edgecombe county: Tarborough. Franklin county: Louisburg. Granville county: Oxford. \\'illiamsborough. Guilford county: Bella Mills. Martinville. New Garden. Halifax county: Blountsville. Halifax. Scotland Neck. Hertford county: Murfreesborough. Princeton. Winton. Iredell county: Iredell C. H. Johnston county: Smithfield. Jones county: Trenton. Lincoln county: Lincolnton. Martin county: Willianiston. Mecklenburg county: Charlotte C. H. Montgomery coimty: RIontgomery C. H. Stokes. Moore county: Alfordstown. Moore C. H. Nash county: Nash C. H. New Hanover county: Exeter. South Washington. Wilmington. Onslow county: Swannsborough. Orange county: Chapel-Hill. Hillsborough. Pasquotank county: Nixonton. Perquimans county: Hertford. Pitt coimty: Greenville. Martinsborough. Randolph county: Randolph C. H. Richmond county: Richmond C. H. Robeson county: Lumberton. Rockingham county: Rockingham C. H. Rowan county: Salisbury. Rutherford county: Rutherford. Sampson county: Sampson C. H. Stokes county: Bethabara. Bethania. Friedburn; Friedland. German ton. Salem. Unitas (at head of Gargal'; Creek). Surry county: Hope. Hunts ville. Rock ford. Tyrrell county: Plymouth. Wake county: Raleigh. Warren county: Warrenton. W^ayne county: Waynesborough. Wilkes county: Wilkes. County not specified : Hogantown. Mount Tizrah. Richland. SOUTH CAROLINA. Abbeville county: Abbeville Court House. Beaufort district: Beaufort. Coosa watchis. Purysburg. Union. Berkley county: St. Johns Parish. Camden district: Camden. Columbia. Cowpens. Rugeley's Mills. SOUTH CAROLINA — Continued. Charleston district: Charleston. Jacksonborough. Middleton. Monks Corner. Wilsons Ferry. Wilton. Cheraw district: Cheraw Court House. Chester county: Chester Court House. Chesterfield county: Chatham. Claremont county: Statesburg. Dorchester county: Dorchester. Edgefield county: Edgefield Court House. Fairfield county: Winnsborough. Georgetown district: Georgetown. Kingston. Williamsburg, Greenville county: Greenville Court House. Burke county: Fort Telfair.' Louisville. New Gottingen. New Savannah village. Waynesborough . Camden county: Colerain. St. Mary's. St. Patricks. Chatham county: Savannah. Effingham county: Ebenezer. Elbert county: Dartmouth. Elberton. Petersburg. Franklin county: Carnes ville. Eastanallee. Franklin c. h. Glyn county: Brunswick. Frederica. Greene county: Greensborough. Lancaster coimty: Lancaster. Laurens county: Laurens Court House. Newberry county: Newberry Court House. Ninety-six district: Cambridge. Duetts Corner. Londonderry. New Bordeaux. New Windsor. Orangeburgh district: Belleville. Granby. Orangeburg. Pendleton county: Pendleton Court House. Spartanburgh county: Spartan Court House. Union county: Pinckneyville. Not specified by county: Clermont. nation's Ford. Radnor. Saxegotha. Liberty county:* Barrington.' Darien.' Medway village. New Inverness. Newport Bridge. Sapelo village. Sunbury. Oglethorpe county: Georgetown. Lexington. Richmond county: Augusta. Bedford. Washington county: Golphington.* Oconee. Wilkes county:^ Washington. Wrightsborough. County not specified: Abercom. Hard wick. Old Town. St. Savilla. Talassee. KENTUCKY.' Bourbon county: Bourbonton.' Fayette county: Lexington. Jei^erson county: Bullitt's Lick. CampbeUtown.' Louisville. Lincoln county: Crab Orchard. Knob Lick. I/incoln. Russellville. St. Asaph's.' Stanford. • Now Telfairville. ^ Part shown in 1900 as Mcintosh. ^ Now shown in Mcintosh county. * Not shown on 1900 maps. ' Now McDuffie county. " Does not include 99 pioneer stations, known to have been settled before 1790; nor several others probably settled before that date, for which no data could be found. ' Established in 1789 as Hopewell; later called Bourbonton; now Paris. » Incorporated in 1785; name changed before 1806 to Shipping- ])ort; now part of Louisville. "Called also Logan's Fort. POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND THEIR SUBDIVISIONS. 77 KENTUCKY — Continued. Madison county: Boonesborough . Milford. Richmond. Mason county: Charlestown. Limestone.' Lower Blue Licks. May's Lick. Washington. Mercer county: Boiling Spring. DanviUe. Davidson county: Nashville. Greene county: Greeneville. Hawkins county: Rogers ville. Knox countv: Kno.x ville. Tennessee county: Clarksville. Mercer county — Continued. Harrodstown.^ Warwick. Nelson county: Bairdstown.' Bealsborough. Hardinsburg. Hartford Station.* Woodford county: Frankfort. Georgetown.' Leestown . Petersburg." TENNESSEE. Washington county: Jonesborough. County not specified: Brass Town. Chissel. Coyan. Hawkins Court House. Holston. ' Now Maysville. ' Later Oldtown; now Harrodsburg. ' Now Bard.itown. ' Now Hartford. ' Oriirinally called McClelland's Station; later Lebanon, name dates from 1790. • Originally Tanner's Station. Present For the northern portion of the country, it is possible to present accurately tlie total and average popula- tion of minor civil divisions at tlie First and Twelfth censuses. This is done in the next tabular statement. A threefold increa.se in (lie number of minor ciWl divisions enumerated in 1900, a.s compared with the number emmierated in 1790, has been attended by practically a threefold increase in the population of such divisions. The average population of minor civil divisions in New England has increased more than threefold, while that of the Middle states has more than doubled. The jjroportionate change thus favor- able to New England is explained by the fact that the population of the states in that group is much denser than elsewhere in the United Stat&s, and as the geo- grapliic area is small, and was practically all settled in 1790, the increase in the average population of minor civil divisions represents principally the effect of a moderate increase of population within a limited geographic area. In the Middle states the existence of much larger areas, portions of which were entirely unsettled in 1790, has resulted in a much smaller increase in the average. 17i»<» 1900 Peroent Increase, 1790101900, in number of minor civil di\-isions. Number of minor civil divisions. Population. Number of minor civil divisions. Population. Total. Average per minor civil division. Total. Average per minor civil division. Total 1,591 2.026,293 1,273 5,500 21.231,430 3,860 245.7 New England 937 1,009.206 1,077 1,687 5,592,017 3,315 80.0 Maine 153 197 188 279 30 90 654 96,643 141,899 85,341 378,556 69,112 237,655 1.017,087 632 720 454 , 1,357 2,304 2,641 1,SSS 631 245 2.52 353 38 168 3,813 694,466 411,588 343,641 2,805,346 428.556 908,420 15,639,413 1,101 1,680 1,364 7,947 11,278 5,407 4,102 312 4 N'tTniont . 34.0 26.5 Hbode Island . ... 26.7 86.7 Middle states 483,0 137 94 407 16 340,241 184, 1.% 433,611 59,096 2,484 1 1,959 1,065 1 3,664 974 424 2,382 33 7,268,894 7,463 1,883,669 4,443 6,302,115 2,646 184,735 5.598 610.9 New Jersey. 351.1 485.3 Delaware . . . . 100.3 1 The list of 436 minor civil divisions in the Southern states approximates, so far as it is possible at the present lime to secure such information, to the actual number of towns or settlements included within the counties composing the states in question. Utihzing the figures for the Southern states thus obtained, the appear: following results STATE OE TERRrrORT. Southern states Maryland and District of Columbia VlTElnia and West Virginia North lurolina Sou til Carolina Georgia Kentucky Tennessee 1790 PopuUtlon. Number of minor civil divisions. Number i...^..^ of minor , *7ff?*?, civil Total. P"elvil , (""^ons- dlTlslOO. h 1900 436 1,903,332 4,365 319,728 747,610 395,005 249,073 82,548 73,677 35,691 3,633 5,579 4,489 6,535 2,117 2,377 3,245 6,167 273 801 958 434 1,457 693 1,551 Population. Totol. Average per minor civil division. 13,897,993 2,254 5,373 3,512 1,977 3,088 1,521 3,098 1,303 Percent increase, 1790 to 1900, in number of minor civil divisions. 1,314.4 2ia2 497.8 988.6 864.4 3.635.9 2.135.5 i4,aoao 78 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Accepting the number of minor civil divisions shown for 1790 as substantially accurate, between 1790 and 1900 tiie number increased approximately thirteenfold. This, if it represents actual increase, results not merely from the subdivision of existing minor civil divisions, but principally from the establishment of new com- munities. In'l790 nmch of the territory included in the Southern states was a wilderness. Kentucky did not reach the dignity of statehood until two years after the census had been taken; Tennessee, then known as the Southwest Territory, was still farther from admission to the Union. It is probable, however, that the list of minor civil divisions in the South, while fairly accurate so far as the larger settlements are concerned, is very incom- plete for the smaller villages, and especially for town- ships and other rural subdivisions. It will be observed that the change in average pop- ulation indicated for the Southern states — a decrease from 4,365 in 1790 to 2,254 in 1900— differs widely from the change shown by the actual figures for the New England and Middle states. In the Southern states the center of activity in 1790 was the plantation, while the economic changes during the century have been continually away from the plantation and toward communities. But if the number of minor civil divi- sions shown for 1790 is too small, the average popula- tion for that year is correspondingly too large. POPULATION OF CITIES In 1790 there were but 5 cities having a population of 8,000 inhabitants or more — Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Charleston. In 1900 the number of cities included within the area enumerated in 1790 and having a population of 8,000 or more was 286, an increase of more than fiftyfold. Indeed, so great has been the increase of communities of this size that Rhode Island — smallest of all the states — had more cities of 8,000 inhabitants or over in 1900 than were found in the entire Republic in 1790. The limit of size above established for 1790 admits so many communities in 1900 that it seems best to consider this subject from a different point of view. The following table presents the population of the 47 cities in the area enumerated in 1790 which had in 1900 a population of 50,000 or more, in comparison with the population of the same places at the First Census, so far as the earlier figures are obtainable. Of these 47 cities, 39 were located in the New England and Middle states and 8 in the Southern states. The population in 1790 of 32 of these cities can be presented approxi- mately; 5 did not exist even as independent townships in 1790, but were formed later from parts of other townships and subsequently became cities; 9 appear not to have had any population at the date of the First Census. Cities having a population of 50,000 or over in 1900 in area covered by enumeration of 3790, by states. POPDLATION. 1790 Total. 1900 158,535 lO.aW, ISfi Maine: Portland New Hampshin^: Manchester Massachusetts: Fall River New Bedford... Lawrence Lynn Springfield Cam bridge Lowell SomerviUe Boston Worcester Rhode Island: Providence Connecticut: Bridgeport Hartford New Haven New York: Albany Buffalo New York Rochester Utica Syracuse Troy New Jersey: Camden Newark Hoboken Jersey City.. .. Trenton Paterson Elizabeth town. Pennsvlvania: Allegheny Pittsburg Reading Harrisburg Erie Scran ton Wilkes-Barre .. Philadelphia.. . Delaware: Wilmington Maryland: Baltimore Virginia: Richmond South Carolina: Charleston Georgia: Savannah Atlanta Kentucky: Louisville Tennessee: Nashville Memphis 2,239 362 (■) 3,298 (') 2,291 1,574 2,109 m (') * 18,038 2,095 16,359 2,300 200 500 50, 145 56,987 104,863 62.442 62,559 68,513 62,059 91,886 94,969 61,643 560,892 118,421 175,597 70,996 79,850 108,027 94, 151 3.i2,3. 9, 638, 453 12,806,020 17,009.453 23,191,876 31,443,321 38,558,371 50, 155, 783 62,947,714 75,994,575 3, 172, 444 4.30(1,446 5. 862. 073 7,862,166 10.537,378 14.195.805 19,553.068 26,922,537 33,589.377 43, 402, 970 55.101,258 66, 809, 1% 757, 181 1,002,037 1,377,808 1, 771, 656 2,328,642 2, 873, 648 3,638,808 4, 441, 830 4,880,009 6,580,793 7, 488, 676 8,833,994 59,557 108, 435 186, 446 233,634 319,599 386, 293 434, 495 488,070 4,880,009 6, 580, 793 7.488,676 8, 833, 994 697, 624 893,602 1,191,302 1,538,022 2,009,043 2,487,355 3,204,313 3,953,760 1800 . ... 35.1 36.4 33.1 33.5 32.7 35.9 35.6 22.6 30.1 25.5 20.7 35.7 36.1 34.1 34.0 34.7 37.7 37.7 24.8 29.2 27.0 21.2 32.3 37.5 28.6 31.4 23.4 26.6 22.1 9.9 34.9 13.8 18.0 82.1 71.9 25.3 36.8 20.9 12.5 12.3 899.9 34.9 13.8 18.0 28.1 33.3 29.1 30.6 23.8 28.8 23.4 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 78,954 88,985 172, 020 357,780 351,385 1870 12.7 1880 93.3 1890 1 108.0 1900 . il.g . ... 1 Includes 4,631 persons returned as " all other persons, except Indians not taxed." ' Decrease. The total increase from 1790 to 1900 in the aggrre- gate population of continental United States was 1,833.9 per cent. The wMte population increased 2,005.9 per cent; the negro, 1,066.7 per cent. The changes which are shown in the decennial increase of the white population conform in general with those for the total population, but the fluctuations are not so wide. Obviously, therefore, the changes in the negro population were more decided than those in the white element; the increase in the negro population from 1800 to 1810 was more than twdce the increase from 1890 to 1900. A further distribution of population, by color, for the states and territories both of the area enumerated in 1790 and of the added area, is presented in Table 108, on page 222. In order to illustrate more effectively the changes occurring in the two main elements of the population in the parent states as compared with the (80) younger portions of continental United States, the in- crease in the succeeding table is shown for thirty-year intervals. In both areas each element of the population showed, with a single exception, a diminishing increase. In continental United States both elements more than doubled in each thirty-year period from 1790 to 1850; but from 1850 to 1880 the increase in the negro ele- ment was only 80.9 per cent; and in the succeeding period the increase of the white popidation was but one-half and that of the negro popidation but one-third. Both the white and the negro elements of the popu- lation increased more rapidly in the added area than in the original area during the period from 1790 to 1880, but during the last twenty years the total population and both elements have shown a tendency toward similarity of increase in the two areas. ' WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION. 81 Table 18.-PER CENT OF IXCREASE, DURING SPECIFIED PERIODS. IN TUE WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION OF THE AREA ENUMERATED IN 1790, AND OF THE ADDED AREA WITUIN CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES: 1790 TO 1900. 1790 TO 1820 18Z0TO18U ISUTOlSM ' 1880TO18M GEOGUAPIIIC DIVISION. White. Colored. White. Colorad. White. Negro. White. Negro. Total. Free. Slave. Total. Free. Slave. rontlnental United St&t6S 147.8 LUO 292.3 120.5 148.7 105.4 86.0 108.3 122.0 80.9 53 9 34.2 112.2 105. 6 200.8 92.3 83.6 41.6 I 68.3 37.3 67.3 40.8 42.9 22.3 6.5.1 179.1 98.4 24.4 70.0 110.9 59.1 87.1.0 am. 5 '90.1 ■.10.5 103.4 05.1 119.5 56.9 536.8 10.0 37.1 42.4 564.5 10.8 70 3 77.6 271.9 > 100.0 •88.7 39.5 .193.7 46.7 7S 4 64.7 216.1 73.4 4A.8 46.5 146.9 39.3 46.4 39. S 63.9 18.8 45.8 62(1. « 504.9 640.6 559.4 562.0 90.8 671.7 588.9 222.0 13)».0 807.9 184.4 127.0 851. 62.0 67.0 140.2 28.6 47.7 155 3 1 DiAOHAM 5. • Pccrcasc. ' I'or states Included, see Table 36, page 105. -INCREASE OF TOTAL POPULATION AND OF WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION: 17M0 TO lOOO. 1790 TO 1800 40 35 1800 TO 1810 1810 TO 1820 1820 TO 1830 1830 TO 1840 1840 TO I8S0 I 860 TO I860 1860 TO 1870 1870 TO 1880 1880 TO 1800 I880 TO 1900 30 26 m O 20 16 . 10 V. / / \ \ • ' y 1 \ y' \ \ \ \ \ • ■A \ \ 1 y y \ / 1 1 1 1 1 1 \ \ \ \ • \ \ \ \ \ 1 1 1 1 \ / AGGREGATE — — WHITE — — NEGRO SURVIVORS OF 1790. Of the wliite population enumerated at the First Census of the United States, some individuals survived I" be enumerated successively at each of the censuses to and including that of 1900. Analysis of the age periods shown at each census, with adjustments elimi- nating persons bom after 1790, results in the following record of persons enumerated at sub.sequcnt censuses and rei)()rting an age which implied that they were born in 1790 or before: 82 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GRO\VTH. Table l^J.—White population enumeraud at the census of 1790 sur- viving at each census year: 1790 to 1900. WHITE rOPULATION sua VI VINO. niED OR DEPARTED DURraO FOLLOWING DECADE. CENSUS YEAB. Number. Per cent of number In 1790. Number. Percent of numl)er liv- incin year specified. 3,172,444 2,792,328 2,400,185 2,059,500 1.585.322 1,129,620 819,871 401,710 100,906 11,478 691 23 100.0 88.0 75.7 64.9 60.0 35.6 25.8 12.7 3.2 0.4 (') (■) 380.116 392,143 340, 0S5 474,178 455,702 309, 749 418,101 300,804 89,428 10,887 668 12.0 1800 14.0 IgiO 14.2 1820 23.0 28.7 1840 27.4 1850 51.0 1860 74.9 1870 88.6 1880 94.9 1890 96.1 > Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The foregoing analysis possesses a sentimental rather than a statistical interest. It is impossible to present with entire accuracy the exact nimiber surviving and thus enimierated at each census, because of inability to segregate, for any census prior to the Twelfth, those inhabitants (of an age which would have entitled them to be enumerated at the First Census, had they been present at that time) who were acquired by accessions of territory, or those who immigrated to the United States after 1790. Since the United States antedates in periodic census taking all other civilized nations, with one exception, the fact that the lifetime of even a few persons spanned the one hundred and ten years elapsing between the First and the Twelfth censuses reflects in a striking manner the brevity of the period dming which census taking has been a stated function of government. PROPORTION OF WHITES AND NEGROES IN THE TOTAL POPULATION. A study of the changes in the proportions of whites and negroes in the total population of the states, both of the area enumerated in 1790 and of the added area, develops some significant facts. Table 20.-PER CENT OF ^^ITE AND COLORED IN THE TOTAL POPULATION AT THE CENSUSES OF 1790, 1820, AND 1850, COMPARED WITH THE PER CENT OP WHITES AND NEGROES IN THE TOTAL POPULATION AT THE CENSUSES OF 1880 AND 1900. (The free colored reported in 1790, 1820, and 1850 include Indians, but it is believed that the numbers are too small to invalidate the comparison between the negro element in 1880 and 1900 and the total colored at the earlier censuses.] STATE OR TERRITORY. Continental United States. Enumerated at First Census New England . Maine New Hampshire. . Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle states. New York New Jersey Pennsylvania. Delaware Southern states. . Maryland and District of Columbia Virginia and West Virginia.. North Carolina South Carolina Georria (eastern part) Kentucky Tennessee Added to area of enumeration since 1790 Added to area of enumeration, 1790 to 1820 Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan AVIsconsin Alabama Mississippi Louisiana .\ rkansas Missouri Georgia (western part).. 1790 White. 80.7 Colored. Total. Free. Slave. 19.3 99.4 99.4 99.7 98.6 93.6 97.7 93.8 92.4 92.3 97.6 78.4 64.4 65.3 59.1 73.2 56.3 04.1 83.0 89.4 0.6 0.6 0.3 1.4 6.4 2.3 6.2 7.6 7.7 2.4 21.6 35.6 34.7 40.9 26.8 43.7 35.9 17.0 10.6 17.8 1.5 17.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 1.4 6.0 1.2 0.4 1.4 1.1 4.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 6.6 2.5 1.7 1.3 0.7 0.5 0.2 1.0 6.2 6.2 0.9 15.0 34.1 32.2 39.1 25.5 43.0 35.5 16.9 9.6 1820 White. 99.7 99.6 99.6 98.7 95.6 97.1 96.0 Colored. 18.4 18.8 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.3 4.4 2.9 3.9 97.1 92.7 96.9 76.0 es.o 64.2 66.6 05.6 47.2 50.8 77.0 80.4 83.9 85.7 2.9 7.2 2.9 24.0 37.0 35.8 43.4 34.4 52.8 49.2 22.9 19.6 14.2 Free. 2.4 32.7 43.5 45.0 11.3 15.4 34.7 1.2 0.8 0.8 99.0 1.0 0.8 0.1 97.4 2.5 0.8 1.7 97.9 0.3 0.3 10.2 10.2 i.8 33.2 0.4 65. 9 44. 1 0. 6 47.8 51.8 6.8 .1 11.7 0.4 84.1 J5.9 0.6 05. 1 34.9 0.2 «i.suIi''wTh''whi?h ro''d?awt"or"''''°°' """^^ """" °''«™' '°™^ "' '"" '"'^ POP^'^""" "^ notpresented here, because there was no similar element at theearlier 3 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.3 4.3 2.9 3.1 2.1 4.5 2.9 17.8 2.8 9.9 3.5 2.3 1.4 0.7 0.5 0.6 1.4 L5 Slave. 16.0 m 0.1 (=) 0.8 0.7 2.7 (') 6.2 34.2 25.8 39.9 32.1 61.4 48.5 22.5 18.9 12.7 1850 White. 84.9 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.1 97.6 97.9 97.5 Colored. Total. Free. Slave. 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.9 2.6 2.1 2.5 98.4 95.1 97.7 77.8 66.2 71.8 62.9 63.6 41.1 44.3 77.6 76.5 83.4 84.9 98.7 98.9 99.4 99.4 99.8 55.3 48.8 49.3 77.3 86.8 44.3 1.6 4.9 2.3 22.2 34.8 28.2 37.1 36.4 68.9 55.7 22.5 24.5 16.6 15.1 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.2 44.7 51.2 60.7 22.7 J3.2 66.7 1.9 2.5 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.9 2.5 2.1 2.4 1.6 4.9 2.3 19.7 3.3 13.4 3.8 3.2 1.3 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.2 3.4 0.3 0.4 0.7 13.8 12.6 31.6 14.8 33.3 33.2 57.6 54.9 21.5 23.9 14.2 44.4 5!.0 47.3 22 4 :2.'S 55.0 18801 White. 1.0 99.8 99.8 99.7 99.0 97.7 98.2 97.9 98.7 96.6 98.0 82.0 67.8 75.8 69.2 62.0 39.3 44.9 83.5 73.9 86.9 97.5 98.0 98.6 99.1 99.8 52.6 42.4 48.4 73.7 93.3 66.2 Negro. 13.1 13.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 1.0 2.3 1.9 2.0 1.3 3.4 2.0 18.0 32.2 24.3 30.9 38.0 00.7 55.1 16.5 26.1 12.7 13.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 0.9 0.2 47.5 67.5 61.6 26.3 0.7 43.8 19001 White. 87.8 98.9 99.8 99.8 99.8 98.9 97.9 98.3 97.6 98.6 96.3 97.5 83.4 71.2 78.1 75.0 66.9 41.6 46.4 86.7 76.2 87.6 Negro. 87.3 97.7 97.7 98.2 99.3 99.9 54.8 4!. 4 62.9 72.0 94.8 56.1 11.6 n,8 0.2 0.2 0.2 LI 2.1 1.7 2.3 1.4 3.7 2.5 16.6 28.7 21.9 25.0 33.0 58.4 63.6 13.3 23.8 11.4 12.6 2.3 2.3 1.8 0.7 0.1 45.2 58.5 47.1 28.0 6.2 43.9 I WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION. 88 T..BI.E 20.-PER CE\T OF WRITE AND COLORED IN THE TOTAL POPULATION AT THE CENSUSES OF 1790 lg20 AND 1S50, COMPARED WITH THE PER CENT OF NTOITES AND NEGROES IN THE TOTAL POPULATION AT THE CENSUSES OF 1880 AND 1900— Continued 1790 iseo ISM lasai IMOi STATE OE TEEBITOET. White. Colored. White. Coloted. WWIe. Colorad. Whlla. NCKTO. White. Total. Free. Slave. Total. Fnw. Slavei Total. Fm SlkTC. NacTO. Added to area of enumeration, 1820 to 1850 1 85.2 14.8 0.4 14.4 88.2 9.5 90.0 8.4 Minnesota 99.4 99.8 64.0 72.5 lOO.O 100.0 99. C 87.3 99.5 99.0 0.6 0.2 4fl.0 27.6 0.6 0.2 1.1 0.2 "u.i' 27.3 99.6 ' 99.4 52.9 76.2 90.9 8<..9 98.9 80.5 93.3 88.7 94.8 0.2 0.6 47.0 24.7 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.7 2.5 99.2 99.4 66.3 79.6 92.3 75.6 98.5 96.8 95.4 94.5 9«.l 0.3 0.6 43.7 20.4 0.8 1.5 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.7 1 8 Iowa Florida :::::: > Texas New Mexico Arizona Utah 0.4 12.7 0.6 1.0 0.2 12.7 0.5 1.0 0.2 \V ashington :::::::: ::;:: ■:■■"■ Oregon Califomja. . Added to area of enumeration, 1850tol8S0 North Dakota! 1 j 98.5 90.4 89.0 93.5 98.4 86.0 i 0.3 0.5 4.3 0.9 0.2 1.4 1.3 0.8 90.1 99.1 90.3 93.0 95.5 m.2 •8.0 83.6 79.3 Nebraska ' 6 Kansas 3.5 Idaho .. 3 Colorado 1 1 6 !' ■ 1 '"I: 0.3 Added to area of enumeration since 18S0 S.0 1 •*• 1 ... . 1 1 1 77.2 92.3 92.3 9.4 4.7 Persons stationed abroad. ...' 1 1 11 7.0 1 il 1 The proportion whir-h the colored papulation, other than negro, forms of the total population is not presented here, because there vas no similar element at the earlier censuses with which to draw comparisons. In 1790 the wliite population formed 80.7 per cent and the negro population — hotli free and slave — 19.3 per cent of the total. Since 1790 there has been a steady advance in the proportion which the white race has formed of the total population of continental United States, with a corresponding decline in the proportion of negroes; in 1900 the whites formed 87.8 per cent, and the negroes only 1 1.6 per cent of the total population. Diagram 6.— White and colored in the total population of the origi- nal and added area. MiaiONS OF INHABfTANTS 1000 Sj 1880 I860 1820 SORIQINAL AREA ORIGINAL AREA ORIGINAL AREA ^RIOINAL I AR£A ApDCO ■AREA □ ADDED: area! ADDED AREA ADDE D A reaN=| D WHITE 9 COLORED In the area enumerated in 1790 the changes were similar to those outhned for continental United States. In Xew England the changes were very sUght, and in the Jtliddle states they were not much greater. The Southern states of the original area, however, have changed considerably in this respect. In the con- tiguous states of JIaryland (including the District of Columbia), Virginia (including West ^'irginia), and Kentucky, the proportion ol wliites decreased and that of negroes increased from 1790 to 1820, after which the conditions were reversed ; in North Carolina. South Carohna, and Tennessee, the proportiouof wliite.o decreased and that of negroes increased until ISSO, after wliich there was a very slight movement in the opposite direction ; in Georgia there was no sustained tendency in either direction. By appl3nng the proportion formed by the negro element in the total population in 1790 to the com- bined wliite and negro population of continental United States in 1900, and the proportion which the negro element formed of the combined wliite and negro population in 1900 to the population in 1790, the fol- lowing results are obtained: White. Negro.. 1190 Actual number. 3,172,444 757,181 1900 Actual number. 6(1.809,-96 8,8:3,994 Numl>er on basis of proper Jou shown In 1790. G!, 014.054 U,&>J,Ui 84 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. WHITE AND COLORED POPULATION IN FOUR PRINCIPAL CITIES. The difficulty which is confronted upon attempting to compare the popidation of cities enumerated in 1790 with the population of the same areas in 1900, arises princii)ally from the fact that in 1900 the oldest sections had become almost exclusively devoted to business purposes, and therefore reported but a small proportion of the total city population. Persons who now reside in such sections are in most instances the residents of tenement houses, janitors of large buildings and their families, custodians, watchmen, and persons whose work connects them so closely with commercial and manufacturing plants as to neces- sitate residence in or near their places of employment. Diagram 7.— COMPARISON OF AREA OF CITIES. THOUSANDS OF PHILADELPHIA BOSTON AREA IN 1790 AREA ADDED 1790 TO 1900 Table 21.— POPULATION, CLASSIFIED BY COLOR, FOR EACH LARGE CITY REPORTED IN 1790, COMPARED WITH THAT REPORTED IN 1900, BOTH FOR THE SAME AREA AND UNDER THE SAME NAME. 1790 1900 Total. White. Colored. Reported for same area. Reported under same name. cnr. Total. Free. Slave. Total. White. Colored. Total. White. Colored. Total. Negro. In- diaD. Mongo- lian. Total. Negro. In- dian. Mongo- lian. POPULATION. New York Pity Philadelphia Boston .32,305 28, 522 18, 038 13,503 29,043 26, S92 17,277 11,925 3,262 1,630 761 1,678 1,078 1,420 761 323 2,184 210 '"i,'255' 238,296 1.55,691 168,552 28,160 233,918 135,879 160,849 21,826 4,378 19,812 7,703 6,334 1,667 19,213 7,091 6,260 5 107 2 2,706 492 610 74 3, 437, 202 1,293,697 560,892 608, 957 3, 369, S98 1, 229, 673 648,083 429,218 67,304 04,024 12,809 79, 739 60,666 02, 613 11, .591 79,258 31 234 3 6,607 1,177 1,215 481 Baltimore PEB CENT OF POPULATION. New York city Philadelphia Boston 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 89.9 94.3 95.8 88.3 10.1 6.7 4.2 11.7 3.3 5.0 4.2 2.4 6.8 0.7 ""9.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.2 87.3 95.4 77.5 1.8 12.7 4.6 22.6 0.7 12.3 4.2 22.2 (') 0.1 (') 1.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.0 95.1 97.7 84.3 2.0 4.9 2.3 15.7 1.8 4.8 2.1 15.6 1. 0.2 01 0.2 0.1 Baltimore 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The sevenfold increase in the population of the orig- inal area of New York represents principally tenement house population, since the city limits in 1790 extended but little beyond tlie present City Hall square. In Boston the population of the original area increased ninefold, in Philadelphia fivefold, and in Baltimore it but little more than doul)led. Probably the most significant feature of the table is the illustration of the inevitable tendency of popula- tion to move away from the older centers as the num- ber of inhabitants increases and city limits expand, wliich is afforded by the degree to which the inhabit- ants of the 4 cities have abandoned, for residence purposes, the areas which comprised these cities in 1790. This tendency is more pronounced in New York (doubtless because of physical formation) and Baltimore than in either Philadelphia or Boston. In New York less than 7 per cent of the population now reside within the limits of the city as it existed at the First Census; in Baltimore less than 6 per cent; in Philadelphia 12 per cent; and in Boston 30 per cent. WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION. 85 INCREASE IN THE UNITED STATES COMPARED WITH TUAT IN EUROPE. The nineteenth century is probably tlie most note- wortliy century witli respect to the growth of the poj)ulation of civihzed nations. In the United States in ISOO the conditions were of course exceptional. A wealth of o])i)ortunity existed in connection with natural resources: mines discovered but still un- worked, agricultural and forest resources of infinite variety and richness, and opportunities for industrial develoiiment beyond the dreams of tiie most imagina- tive, demanded population and encouraged increase at the rapid rate that Malthus, at the close of the eighteenth century, asserted to be possible only in the United States, where unlimited opportunities for sup- port existed. In Europe, also, new demands for ])op- ulation, unknown at the j)eriod when Malthus wrote, were about to arise, by reason of the creation of in- dustrial acti^Tties and the enormous extension of commerce. Hence, at the close of the eighteenth century the inhabitants both of the United States and of Europe stood upon the threshold of a devel- opment and opportunity latent in previous centuries, but already becoming active. At the outset it will be of interest to consider the increase of population in the Ihiitcd States in com- parison with increase in the principal countries of Europe. Since the First Census of the United States antedates census taking in Europe by at least a decade, only the nineteenth century should be considered. COUNTRY. Increase from 1)<00 to 1900. United states 1,331.6 204.3 Bel(;luin 163.4 United Iv iQgdom 155.9 154.6 Germanv 143.2 Hoiland'. 143.1 Sweden .. 118.6 Italy 88.4 Portu^l 85.1 84.1 Austria . . . 81.6 78.6 france 42.5 With the exception of France, all the nations of Europe approximately doubled or more than doubled their ])(>])ulation during the nineteenth century; a threefold increase appeared for Belgium alone. Dur- ing the same period the population of continental United States increased more than fourteenfold ; in- deed, it had more than doubled by 1820 — after only twenty years. This surprising growth, however, is in reality in no way comparable with the natural increase shown by the nations of Europe. The total popula- tion of approximately 76, 000, ()()() in 1900 resulted fnmi a generous natural increase of persons enumerated in 1790, from additions acquired by accessions of terri- tory, and from an unparalleled immigration movement, substantially unchecked for more than half a century. 76292—09 7 Hence natural growth, which in other nations is practi- cally the only source of population increase, in the I nitcd States is but one of several factors. In con- secpience, the increase shown from 1790 to 1900 is merely a gro.ss increa.se, depending on other than nor- mal causes, and po.ssessing comparatively little signifi- cance until analyzed. INCREASE THROUGH IMMIGRATION. The extraordinary additions to the population of the United States through immigration arc showTi in the following: 1790 to 1820 '2.50 000 1S21 to 18.50 : 2,4.55:81.5 1851 to 1880 7 72.5 229 1881 to 1900 9;090;972 The immigration in the twenty years from ISSO to 1900 nearly equals the total for the sixty years from 1820 to 18,80. Prior to 1820 there were very few immi- grants; most of the.se came to the United States after ISIO, and tlie number arriving i)rior to 1800 is so small as to be negligible. In 1820 the foreign stock — that is, the immigrants with their children and grandchildren — could hardly have exceeded 350,000; and if tiiis be deducted from the total population (9,0.38,453) for 1820, the re- mainder will still be more than twice the population in 1790. "If the population reported at the First Census, 3,929,214, had been doubled only once in thirty years, the result in 1910 would have been 62,867,424. In the theoretical doubling process the increase during the last thirty-year period (1880 to 1910) is equivalent to approximately 1,000,000 per- sons a year. Upon that basis, in 1900 the native popu- lation would have amounted to about 50,000,000 (including negroes); whereas the actual population in 1900 was 76,000,000. Thus the total i)oi>ulation at the last census exceeded the theoretical figure for the same year by about 50 per cent. Hence, if we accept this comparison as po.sse.ssing an approximate value, that part of the growth of tiie United States which has resulted from immigration is possibly about equal to the progress which has actually occurred from 1880 to 1900 in population, and thus presumably in wealth, amounting in the former to from 25.000,000 to 30,000,000 souls, and in the latter to more than .S40,000,000,000."' NATURAL INCREASE. Effective discussion of increase of population must be based upon some sei)arati()n, necessarily very gen- eral in character, of the nativit\- and parentage of the ' ThiB estimate has the sanction of several Census reports and other authoritic!*, l)Ut is regarded by many as too hiph. The Ceneiis report for 18.50 gives the total immigration for the period mentioned as 234,000; that for 1860 as 274,000. ■^ North American Review, September, 1908, page 365. 86 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. two principal elements, white and negro, which have contributed the great aggregate reported in 1900. It is important to determine the natural increase, in order to measure the growth and influence of native stock in the United States, and for purposes of com- parison with the growth of population in foreign countries. The distribution of population m the United States in 1900, by its various elements, is shown iu the follow- ing table : Table »2 -^TOITE AND COLORED POPULATION OF CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES, CLASSIFIED BY NATIVITY OF PARENTS AND AS NATIVE AND FOREIGN ELEMENTS: 1900. ■ Total. CLASSITIED BY NATmTT OF PARENTS. CLASSIFIED BT ELEMENT. ELEMENT OF THE POPULATION. Both parents native. One parent native and the other foreign bom. Both parents foreign bom. Native. Foreign. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. Total population 75,994.575 49,965,636 6, 109, 052 20,919,887 52, 520, 162 69.1 23,474,413 30.9 White population 66,809,196 40,958,216 5, 075, 093 20,775,887 43,495,762 65.1 23,313,434 34.9 56,595,379 10,213,817 9,185,379 40,949,362 8,851 9,007,420 5,013,737 61,356 33,959 10,632,280 10,143,607 144,000 43,466,230 39,532 9,024,400 76.8 0.4 98.2 13. 139, 149 10,174,285 160,979 23.2 99.6 1.8 8,S33,994 351,385 8,779,805 227,615 26.300 7,659 27,889 116,111 8, 792, 955 231,445 99.5 65.9 41,039 119,940 0.5 34.1 In the above table the native and foreign elements were determined by adding to the numbers having both parents native and both parents foreign born, respectively, one-half of the number having one parent native and the other foreign born. But the distribu- tion here shown is obviously unsatisfactory, since the term "native," according to modern census usage, in- cludes all persons born in the United States, and thus not only persons descended from distinctlj' native stock, but also the descendants, in the third and subsequent generations, of persons bom in foreign countries. In consequence of tliis fact, upon analysis the census classification proves entirely unsuited to a determina- tion of normal increase, and it becomes necessary to approximate the number of the descendants of the white and negro population enumerated at the First Census. Increase of white population. — The wliite population in 1790 and ISOO was both sturdy and prohfic, and until about 1830 it contributed a decennial increase of approximately one-tliird, practically unaided by im- migration. After 18.30, an increasing number of white foreign born persons added not onty themselves but their progeny to the wliite element. The second, third, and even the fourth generations of foreign stock have now added their increment, so that it is impossible to determine accurately the number of persons in the United States in 1900 who were directly descended from the population enumerated at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Yet practically all of the increase during the nineteenth century in the popu- lation of European nations was derived from the native stock, residing within their national boundaries 1800, and not from immigration. At the census of 1900 the white foreign element in the United States — that is, the number of white m persons having both parents foreign born, together with one-half the nimiber having one parent foreign born and the other native — aggregated 23,313,434 persons. Discarding this class of inhabitants from the total wliite population of 66,809,196, the remain- ing 43,495,762 obviously comprise the descendants of the white population enumerated in 1790 (and also in 1800, since no appreciable addition from other nations occurred during the decade), augmented by the descendants, in the third and subsequent genera- tions, of white persons who migrated to the United States, especially from Great Britain and Germany,' after 1800, and also by persons added to the white native element through aimexations of territory in the first half of the century. Additions of the latter class can not be accurately measured, but should be regarded as a part of the native stock. In the remainder of 43,495,762 above specified, what was the contribution of the elements enumerated in 1800, and w^hat the contribution, in the third and subsequent generations, of persons arriving in the United States after the beginning of the century? It is here that exact figures in the process of separa- tion fail, and hypothesis and approximation, how- ever ingenious, begin. Yet, since this analysis deals with the comparative growth of population in America and Europe, it is clearly within the bounds of scientific discussion to point out some of the simpler methods by which approximations of the growth of native stock can be made: (1) By elimination of all foreign stock from the native element; (2) by applying the rate of increase for the Southern states to the rest of the country; and (3) by applj-ing the proportion of persons in Massachusetts having ' Natives of Great Britain and Germany constituted 85.7 per cent of all the foreign born in the United States in 1850. (Tenth Census, Population, page 461.) WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION. 87 native grandfathers to the rest of the country. Should a reasonable^ harmony appear in the results secured, that fact wouki tpnd to justify acceptance of the ap- proximate percentage of increase secured. 1. Elimination of foreign stoikfrom native element. — The character of the data which are available renders it necessary to consider the native descendants of the foreign born (in the third and subsef(uent generations) in three groups, as descendants of the immigrants arriving prior to 1853, between 1853 and 1870, and between 1870 and 18S0; naturally, grandchildren of immigrants arriving after ISSO need not be considered. At the census of 1850 the foreign born were returned separately for the first time, and were found to number 2,L'44,()U_', of whom 2,240,535 were white; the number of foreign born colored persons was so small as to bo negligible. In the Compendium of the Seventh Census (1850) the number of foreign born and the progeny of foreigners arriving after 1790 is estimated at 3,000,000 or 3,200,000 in 1853.' On the basis of this approximation (obviously made at a period when a reasonable approximation should have been possible), the descendants of white immigrants arriving subsequent to 1790 or 1800 and prior to 1853 must have numbered about 1,000,000 in that year; and it is probable that of this total about one-half were native white of foreign parentage and the other half native white of native parentage.' It is reason- able to assume that since the white population of the United States more than trebled between lS50and 1900, the group of native white of native parentage at least trebled during the same period, thus contributing about 1,500,000 to the native white of native parentage in 1900. The 500,000 native white of foreign parent- age in 1850 were very young, and probably did not contribute to a great extent to the native wlute popu- lation of native parentage before 1870. The estimate of the contribution by the immigrants arriving be- tween 1790 and 1850 is doubtless liberal enough to counterbalance this omi.ssion. '"Estimating the survivors in 1850 of the foreigners who had arrived in the United States since the census of 1790 upon the principle of the English life tables, and making the necessary allow- ance for the less proportion of the old and very young among them, and for recmigration, etc., their number is stated in the abstract of the census published in IS.");}, page 15, at 2,400.000. From this, a deduftion is then made of 10 per cent, on account of the greater mortality of emigrants and their lower expectation of life, which brings the actual survivors very nearly to the figures of the census. The dedurtion of 10 per cent seems hardly sullicient, and does not accord with the deduitions that are generally made in the reason- ings of vital statisticians. It would be safer "to assume 15 per cent than 10, which would reduce the survivors to a little more than 2,000,000. To this add 50 i)er cent for the living descendants of foreigners who have come into the country since 1790 (observing that nearly four-fifths of the number have arrived since 1830, and could not have both children and grandchildren born in the country, and more than half have arrived since 1810, and must have had comparatively few native born children, it would not be safe to add anv more), and the number of foreigners and their descendants in 1853 is not likely to exceed 3,000,000 or 3,200,000."— Compcn- dium of the Seventh Census, page 119. ^Thc native whites of native parentage were probably for the most part not the children of the living native whites of foreign parentage, but the descendants of immigrants who arrived before the War of 1812. In 1870 there were 4,167,616 native inhabitants both of whose parents were foreign born, and 1,157,170 native persons having one parent native and the other foreign born. Hence, the foreign element witliin the native populatiim comprised 4,740,201 persons; native colored persons — negroes, Indians, and .Mongolians — of foreign parentage were so few in numljcr as to be practically negligible. Since the total population of the United States doubled between 1870 and 1900, and the birth rate is generally accepted as being higher for the foreign than for the native population, it is reasonable to assume that the foreign element within the native white population doubled, or a little more than doubled, during th(! period under consider- ation. In the process of doubhng, iiowever, it must be remembered that the increment will be greater than the base, which is being constantly retluced by death; hence the native white of foreign parentage and their offspring, which together evidently amounted to approximately 10,000,000 in 1900, were composed of two une(|ual parts, the native wliite of foreign parent- age contributing appro.ximately 4,000,000, and their offspring — classified as native white of native parent- age — appro.ximately 6,000,000. The contribution to the native white of native parentage made by native wliites of foreign i)arentage I)orn after 1870 can not be determined with any degree of accuracy. The total number of native wliite per- sons of foreign parentage born between 1870 and 1880 and surviving in 1900 was 3,067,062. It is possible that tliis element may have contributed 500,000 per- sons to the native wliites of native parentage. The above computations indicate that in 1900 the contributions of the foreign stock to the so-called native element had reached the follo\ving approximate total: Contribution of immigrants arriving — Between 1790 and 1853 1,500,000 Between 1853 and 1870 6,000,000 Between 1870 and 1880 500, 000 Total 8,000,000 In 1900 the native element in the United States was 43,495,762. Eliminating the S.000,000 persons above determined, tiie white population enumerated in 1800 appears to have increased to 35,495,762. 2. Growth of white native stock, at rate of increase for Southern states. — At the census of 1 S50, when the classi- fication by nativity was introduced, the white popu- lation of 12 Southern states — Virginia, Kentucky, Ten- nessee, North Carohna , South Carohna , Georgia , Florida , Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, and /\jkan- sas — included in the aggregate less than 4 per cent who were foreign born. The proportion of foreign born in this group of states increased but little during the half centun,-, and even at the census of 1900 the white population was composed almost entirely of the descendants of persons enumerated in 1790 and 1800. 88 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWT^H. This suggests utilizing tlie increase of white popu- lation shown by the Soutliern states as a basis from which to compute the increase in the distinctly native stock of the white population residing in the other states and territories; after 1870, however, only one-half of the rate of increase should be used, because of the fact, generally known and admitted, that the rate of increase of the native stock of the white population in the Northern and manj- of the Western states has been very low since 1870. The accuracy of such a computation is increased by discarding the foreign element of the white population in 1870 and 1880, and the total foreign white and the native white of foreign parentage in 1890 and 1900. Upon making such an analysis the following figures result : ACTUAL WHITE POPULATION OF SPECIFIEI) ELEMENT. ESTIMATED NATn'E STOCK OF THE WHITE POPULA- TION. In continental United States. In 13 Southern states. In remainder of conti- nental United States. For "remainder of continental United States'' based on white population in 1S20, by apply- ing per cent of increase in Southern states to 1870 and half of decennial percentages after that year. CENSUS YEAR. Number. Per cent of increase over preceding census. Number. Per cent of increase over preceding census. For continental United states. TOTAL WHITE POPULATION. 7,862,166 2,437,451 5,424,715 1 1 NATIVE ELEMENT OF THE WHITE POPULATION.' 1870 23,374,577 29,021,812 6,518.012 167.4 8,843,928 35.7 16,856,565 20, 777, 884 210.7 23.3 14, .W5, 688 17,102,206 21,023.700 1880 25,946,134 NATIVE WinTE POPULATION OF NATIVE PARENTAGE. 1890 34,35S,348 40,949,362 10,884,524 23.1 23,473,824 13,328,329 22.5 1 27,621.033 13.0 17.7 19,086,062 21,242,787 29,970,586 1900 34,571,116 I 1 Obtained by subtracting from the total native element the native bom negroes. Upon replacing the native wliite population of native parentage living, in 1890 and 1900, in the Southern states and in the remainder of continental United States by the native whites of native parentage born in the Southern states and in the remainder of conti- nental United States, the native stock of the wliite population appears to be as follows: k ACTUAL NATIVE WHITE POPULATION OF NATIVE PARENTAGE. ESTIMATED NATIVE STOCK OF THE WmiE POPULA- TION. CENSUS YEAR. Living in continental United States. Bom in 13 Southem states. Bom in remainder of con- tinental United States. For "remainder of continental United States." For continental United States. Number. Per cent of increase over preceding census. Number. Per cent of increase over preceding census. 1890 34,358,348 40, 949, 362 11,262,307 13, 903, 622 •27.3 23.5 23,096,041 27,045,740 111.2 17.1 19, 445, 208 21.739,743 30.707,515 35,043,365 1900 ' Increase over the native element of the white population. The theoretical number shown as the native stock of the white population in 1870 for the country exclu- sive of the Southern states (14,505,688) must be very near the true figure ; the excess of the native element over the native stock of the white population of this area was only 2,350,877, and it may safely be assumed that of tlus number the offspring of immigrants arriv- ing between 1790 and 185.3 (who numbered 1,000,000, according to the Compendium of the Seventh Census) contributed at least 2,000,000, leaving only 350,877 to represent the offspring of immigrants arriving between 1853 and 1870. Only one-half of each percentage of increase shown for the Southern states in 1880, 1890, and 1900 was employed in computing the native stock of the white population in the rest of the country. It is worthy of note that, if the entire percentage be employed, the resulting figure for 1900 (30,946,644) approximately equals the native element of the white population (29,995,187) in the same area; in other words, the use ' WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION. 89 of the entire percentaf;;e produces a figure large enough to include the entire contribution made to tlie native element by the descendants of the foreign white in tiie third and subsecjuent generations. This result may- be merely a coincidence, but it recalls a theory ad- vanced by Gen. Francis A. Walker, Superintendent of the Tenth Census, that the advent of large numbers of foreigners afTocts unfavorably the birth rate of the native element of a community.' This theory has been opposed by many statisticians of prominence. 3. Growth of white population of native stock, meas- ured hij proportion of persons in Massachxisetts having native grandfathers. — As already pointed out, the cla.ssification of parentage by the Federal census stops with native white of native parentage. For tliis analysis the essential fact is the number of native white persons having native grandparents, and the problem wliich is confronteil by th(! inquirer is to de- termine the percentage which would be deducted from the native white population of native parentage if it were statistically possible to segregate the native wliite persons having native grandparents. The classification of the population of Massachusetts by nativity of grandfatliers was made at the state cen- sus of 1905. It is doubtful whether any attempt to ascertain nativity of grandparents can ever be en- tirely successful, because of the likelihood of error con- cerning tliis subject, on the part of persons responding to the enumerators' questions; but if the returns of Massachusetts be accepted as approximately correct, they offer an opportunity to advance one generation beyond the Federal census, and thus to secure, for one state at least, the proportion of white persons who, besides being native born, possessed native grand- fathers. Of the entire population of Massachusetts in 1905, slightly less than one-third reported native birth and native grandfathers. Upon ehininating the colored, it is found that the native white population reported as having both native fathers and native grandfathers formed 79.1 per cent of the total native white having native fathers.^ It is obvious that if it ' "The access of foreigners at the time and under the circum- stances constituted a shock to the principle of population among the native element. That principle is always acutely sensitive, alike to sentimental and to economic conditions. And it is to be noted, in passing, that not only did the decline in the native ele- ment as a whole, take place in singular correspondence with the excess of foreign arrivals, but it occurred chielly in just those regions to which the newcomers most freely resorted. * * * If the foregoing views are true, or contain any considerable degree of truth, foreign immigration into thi.s country has, from the time it first assumed large proportions, amounted not to a reenforcement of our popula- tion, but to a replacement of native by foreign stock. That if the foreigners had not come, the native element would long since have filled the places the foreigners usurpetl, I entertain notadoubt." — Discussions in Economics and Statistics, vol. 2, page 4~~. 'In making this computation, it was assumed that all native colored pennons had native grandfathers, and also that all native white persons having native grandfathers had native fathers. were possible to determine accurately the number of native white persons having native grandfathers in 1900, a close appro.ximation would be reached con- cerning the increase in the white population of the native stock, since this classification reaches back to the period when immigration had not j-et become an important factor, and hence to the period when prac- tically all the population was composed of persons enumerated in ISOO or their progeny. .(Vssuming that the proportion shown by the state census of Ma.ssachusetts is applicable to the other states, the total number of wliitc persons in 1900 descended from the white population enumerated in 1800 numbered 3.3,729,282. The results of tiie three computations described above are summarized in tlie following statement: WHITE potolation: 1000. ELEMENTS OF THE POPC- LATIOK. First com- putation- elimination of the foreign stock from tbe native element. Second com- putation- growth of native stock at rate of IncK-ase for Southern states. Third com- putation- growth of native slock nieaiinred by proportion of jxrsons in Massachu- setts havinff native grand- fathers. Average. Total 66,809.196 66,809,196 I 66,809,196 46,800, Its «, 495, 762 35,495,762 8,000,000 23,313,434 31,313,434 43,495,762 35,643,365 7,852,397 23, 313, 434 43,495,762 33,729,282 9,766,480 43,49S,7«2 34,956,136 8.539,626 Native stock Total foreign stock 31 16.') 831 -f? Jn4 ru? 1 ^i stT.i ram The three computations show a range of nearly 2,000,000 (between 33^ and 3oi millions). Utilizing the average of the three, it appears that in 1900 the white population of ctmtinental United States con- tributed by persons enumerated at the Second Census was approximately 35,000,000; while the contribution to the native whites of native parentage made by the third and subsequent generations descended from immigrants arriving after 1800 numbered approxi- mately 8,500,000. Adiling the latter figure to the known foreign element in 1900, it is foimd that the contribution of the foreign stock to the wliite popula- tion was 31,853,060. Hence, at the Twelfth Census the total white population of continental United States appears to have been divided between the descendants of persons enumerated at the Second Census and of persons who became inhabitants of the United States after ISOO, in the proportion of about 35 to 32. The white population shown at the Second Census, 1800, was 4,306,446. To this number should be added 100,000 persons, as the approximate number accjuired by accessions of territory early in the cen- tury, who must be regarded as a part of the native 90 stock.' Upon this basis the increase from 1800 to 1900 in the native white stock of continental United States was G94.3 per cent. It is not surprising that the increase of inhabitants upon both continents is one of the most noteworthy developments of the century; but the great excess of increase of population in the United States over that of the nation of Europe showing the largest percentage illustrates, and to some extent measures, the wealth of opportunity in the young Repubhc and the unusual virility of the population. The largest percentage of increase during the century from 1800 to 1900, shown by the table on page 85, for an J' European nation, was that reported for Belgium^ 204 per cent. Had the percentage of increase of the native stock of the white population of the United States enmnerated in 1800 been only as great as that shown by Belgium, the white population of the United States in 1900 would have been as follows: Native element of the white population: Descendants of white native slock 13, 395, 596 Descendants of white immigrants arriving after 1790, as above computed 8, 539, 626 Foreign element of the white population 23, 313, 434 Total 45, 248, 656 This total approximates the white population of the United States in 1880. Thus the greater fertility of the native white stock of the United States, as compared with fertility in the coimtries of Europe showing the largest increase, has resulted in a white population in 1900 which is twenty years in advance of what it would have been if computed on the slower rate of increase shown for Belgium. It would be difficult to suggest more vividly the great fecundity during the nineteenth century of the white population inhabiting the United States in 1800.^ It is probable that a readjustment of population increase is now in progress, and that the steady dimi- nution in the rate of increase shown for both Europe and the United States in the later decades of the nineteenth century affords confirmation of the general accuracy of the theory advanced by Malthus, long •The insignificance of the original white population of added areas is strikingly illustrated by the fact that at the first census taken after the acquisition of the Louisiana Purchase (seven yeare later), the white population enumerated in what are now the states of Louisiana, Arkansas, and Missouri formed only nine-tenths of 1 per cent of the total white population of the United States in 1810. Similarly, the white population of Florida was but two-tenths of 1 per cent of the total white population in 1830, and that of the vast regions acquired between 1840 and 1850 was but 1.7 per cent of the total in the latter year. - "Their numbers are not augmented by foreign emigrants; yet from their circumscribed limits, compact situation, and natural population, they are filling the western parts of the state of New York and the country on the Ohio with their own eurplusace " (Washington to Sir .John Sinclair, 1796.) "It is worth remarking that New England, which ha.'i sent out such a continued swarm to other parts of the Union for a number of years, has continued at the same time, as the census shows, to increase in population, although it is well known that it has received but comparatively few emi- CTants from any quarter." (James Madison, 1821)— Bancroft, 5, 21S- Tenth Census, Population, page 457. ' A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. discredited, because it happened to be put forward at a period when newly awakened national development on both continents seemingly disproved it. Increase of white ■population of native parentage in the states enumerated in 1790. — The methods outlined above for determining the increase in the native stock of the white population are too detailed, and the re- sults too imperfect, to justify computation for indi- vidual states. Since the Census classification which most closely approximates the native stock is the native white of native parentage, in the following summary the white population in 1800 of the states enumerated in 1790 is compared with the native white population of native parentage in the same area in 1900, for the purpose of illustrating the tendency to comparatively small increase exhibited by the native element of the white population in the older states of the original area. Table 23. — While population in 1800 of each state and territory enumerated in 1790, compared with the native white population of native parentage in the same area in 1900. Area enumerated in 1790 — New England Maine New Hanipstiire. Vermont Massachusetts. .. Rhode Island Connecticut Middle states. New York New Jersey Pennsylvania.. Delaware Southern states. Maryland and District of Co- lumbia Virginia and West Virginia. . . North Carolina South Carolina Georgia 1 Kentucky Tennessee White population ISOO. 4,250,896 1,214,359 150,901 182,998 153,908 410,393 66,438 244,721 1,388,003 557,731 194,325 58(),095 49,852 1,648,534 226,392 514,280 337,764 196,255 102,261 179,873 91,709 Native white popu- lation of { native parentage, 1900. 18,926,020 2,511,110 493,082 242,614 225,381 1,032,264 144,986 372,783 7,524,608 2,851,513 825,973 3,729,093 118,029 8,890,302 814,122 1,985,194 1,250,811 540,766 1,144,360 1,673,413 1,481,636 Amount. 14,675,124 1,296,751 342, 181 69,616 71,473 615,871 79,548 128,062 6,136,605 2,293,782 631,648 3,142,998 68,177 7,241,768 587,730 1,470,914 913,047 344,511 1,042,099 1,493,540 1,389,927 Per cent. 345.2 106.8 226.8 32.6 46.4 147.9 121.6 62.3 442.1 411.3 325.0 536.3 136.8 439.3 259.6 286.0 270.3 175.5 1,019.1 830.3 1,515.6 1 Entire state. Upon comparing the white population in 1800 in the area enumerated in 1790 with the native white popula- tion of native parentage in the same area in 1900, the increase during the century is shown to be less than 350 per cent. As already pointed out, the population even as thus classified has been reenforced durmg the century by the third and subsequent generations of the descendants of immigrants. The significance of the table therefore lies principal^ m the compara- tively moderate increase which appears upon with- drawing fi'om the total population even part of the increase due to immigration. This summary is presented by the 3 general geo- graphic divisions, in order to indicate the differences in increase which appeared in these sections. In none of the New England states was there a large WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION. 91 increase during the century in the number of native whites of native parentage. This fact is indicative of heavy emigration, and doubtless also of a very low birth rate. The immense increase sh()^\^l for Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee can not be regarded as especially important, because at the beginning of the century these areas were just being settled, and 2 of the 3 were merely territories or districts. During the carher decades of the century, when the older states were to a great extent distributers of popula- tion, these 3 states were distinctly tiie recipients of immigration; obviously, therefore, the growtli of population in all 3 was contributed largely by persons of native stock. Growth of the British race. — Elsewhere in these pages will be found a discussion of nationality at the First Census, indicating that much the larger part of the white inhabitants of the United States were natives, or the offspring of natives, of Great Britain, and principal!}- of England.' The population of Great Britain in 1712 is estimated to have been but 9,000,000. During the succeeding century (the eighteenth) Great Britain contributed from this small population the stock which formed the larger part of the white population of the United States in 1790, and which, as already pointed out, increased by 1900 to approxi- mately 35,000,000 souls. In 1801 the population of the United Ivingdom was 16,200,000; by 1900 it had increased to 41,000,000. But during the nineteenth century the mother country also contributed, even more freely than she had contributed during the eight- eenth century to North America, to the population of the United States and to that of a score of younger colonies. The spectacle is thus presented of a nation which not only increased during the century more generously than did any of its rivals, but at the same time created other nations, one of which alone pro- duced within the century a native population nearly equal to that of the mother count^}^ It is possible that a racial growth similar in character may have occurred upon a small scale in connection with some of tlie colonies established by ancient cities along the Mediterranean, but in magnitude there appears to be no parallel in history for this population achievement of tlie British race from 1700 to 1900. Increase of negro population. — In comparing the in- crease of population in the United States with that of the nations of Europe, attention has thus far been directed to the changes in white population, since the white race only can be considered in comparison with Europe. It must be remembered, however, that the negro has always constituted an important part of the population of the United States, and also that the negro element must be classed as distinctly native. From 1,002,037 negroes in the United States in 1800 the number increased to 8,833,994 in continental United States in 1900, of whom 8.792,955 belonged to the native element. ' Chapter XI, page 116. It must not be overlooked that the negroes enu- merated in ISOO received accessions between 1800 and 1808, and possibly surreptitioiLs additions later, through further importation of slaves. Since tliis enforced immigration occurred at the beginning of the century under consideration, the total increase from this source should lie included in the total negro popu- lation existing at the beginning of the centurj-. Tliis addition was more than 70,000,' probably about 100,000, and there should be added also appro.ximately 50,000 negroes acquired by accession of territorv. With this atljustment, the increase from 1800 to 1900 in tlic native element of the negro population of the United States was 663.3 per cent. The increase of negroes, however, presents an en- tirely tiifTerent problem from that presented bv the increase of whites. The negro race is very prolific, and possibly would have accomplished, unaided, the increase shown. But it is impossible even to estimate what influence the white race has exerted upon the increase of what is classed as negro population. Tliere were many mulattoes in the I'nited States even before 1800; by a census of Maryland in 1755, 8.0 per cent of the negroes were returned as mulattoes. Attempts were made at the censuses of 1870 and 1890 to measure the strain of white blood in persons classed as negroes, and the returns, while regarded as very inaccurate, supplied at least an approximate measurement, where before none had existcfl. The negroes reported as partly white formed 12 per cent of the total number in 1870 and 15.2 per cent of the total in 1890. It is probable that this proportion is increasing; even upon the basis of the proportion shown for 1890, however, in 1900 the number of persons in continental United States classed as negroes, but containing some white blood, would have been at least 1,342,767. Part of this number might be regartled as outsiile of normal increase, and as bearing to the natural increase of negroes enu- merated in 1800 a relation somewhat similar to the increase contributed to the white inhabitants of the Republic by immigrants and children of immigrants. It is more probal>le, however, that the contribution of the wliite race to negro increase should be regarded as a substitute for increase which other\vise would have been furnishetl by the negro race itself. Summary of increase in total population. — From the foregoing analysis of the increase of the native white and negro elements composing the population of the United States, the total number of persons enumerated (and included) in both elements in 1800 (5,558,483) increased to 43,749,091 in 1900, an increase of 687.1 per cent. During the century, therefore, the popula- ti(m of the I'nited States, including both wliito and negro, unaideil by immigration, increased nearly sevenfold, while during the same period the population of Europe, exclusive of Russia, Turkey, and Greece, increased 119.4 per cent. The largest increase shown 'Seventh Census. Compendium, page 83. 92 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. by any nation of Europe was 204 per cent, or less than one-third as great. The similarity here shown in the increase durmg the ninotecnth century of the whites and negroes enumerated at its be;;inning, po.ssesses especial signifi- cance when it is remembered that during the greater part of the century the conditions under which the two races existed were radically different. The white race possessed all the advantages of imlimited re- sources and complete independence, and of a strict observance of the family relation. In marked con- trast, during much more than half of the period under consideration the negro race was for the most part in a state of bondage, and the family relation was doubt- less frequently subordinated to the exigencies of ownership. Table 24. — White, negro, Indian, and Mongolian population, tcitk number and per cent of increase, for continental United States: 1800 and 1900. 1800' 1900 INCEEASE. Number. Per cent. 5, 558, 483 75,994,575 70,436,092 1,267.2 White 4,406,446 66,809,196 62,402,750 1,416.2 4,406,446 34,956,136 31, 853, OLIO 8,833,994 30,549,690 31,853,060 7,681,957 693.3 Negro 1,152,037 666.8 1,152,037 8,792,955 41,039 351,385 7,640,918 41,039 351,385 663.3 1 Including an estimate of 100.000 white persons and 50.000 negroes as the popu- lation in 1800 of areas added after that year, and an estimate of 100,000 negroes as the number of slaves imported after 1800. APPORTIONMENT. The Constitution contained the following provision: Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included w-ithin this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three- fifths of all other persons.' The same paragraph further stipulateil that, until an enumeration should be made, each state should be en- titled to a specified number of representatives, the total being 65. The population required for one representative has increased from 33,000 in 1790 to nearly 200,000 in 1900, or six times the number of citizens represented at the outset. With the basis of apportionment at the last census the same as at the first, the membership in the House of Representatives, instead of being 3S6, as determined by the apportionment act under the Twelfth Census, would have been 2,259. On the other hand, were the ratio which was employed in 1900 ap- plied to the states in 1790, the largest delegation in the House of Representatives would have been 3 mem- bers; only 4 states would have had 2 members; the remaining states would have had but 1 ; and the total ' Since superseded by the Fourteenth Amendment. membership of the House of Representatives would have been 19. The change in the apportionment of representatives in Congress which has been in progress during the cen- tury from the First Census to the Twelfth is indicated by the following summary: Apportionment of congressional representation: 1790 to 1900. Population to each rep- resentative. EEPKESENTATrVES. CENStJS TEAR. Total number. Area enumerated in 1790. Added area. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. 1790 33,000 33,000 35,000 40,000 47,700 70,680 93, 423 127.381 131.425 151,911 173,901 194. 182 105 141 181 213 240 223 234 241 292 325 356 386 105 141 175 187 199 101 154 139 156 153 168 179 100.0 100.0 96.7 87.8 82.9 72.2 65.8 57.7 53.4 47.1 47.2 46.4 ISOO 1810 .. 6 26 41 62 80 102 136- 172 188 207 3.3 1820 12.2 1830 .. 17.1 1840 27.8 1850 34.2 1860 42.3 1870.. 46.6 IS80 . 52.9 1890 52.8 1900 63.6 This comparison affords an effective and final illus- tration of the extraordinary change which has occurred during the first century of population growth in the United States. VII. SEX AND AGE OF THE WHITE POPULATION. DECREASE IN PROPORTION OF MALES— IN PROPOR- TION OF EACH SEX UNDER 16 YEARS— INFLIENCE OF IMMIGRATION— OF MODERN SANITARY SCIENCE. At the First Census a complete cliissification of sex and a partial classification of age were obtained for the entiro white population. The three questions under which these items were secured were as follows: 1. Free white males of 16 years and upward, including heads of families. 2. Free white males under 16 years. 3. Free white females, including heads of families. Sex. — Discussion of the proportions of the sexes in the United States has been presented from time to time in reports of the Federal census. Such change as has occurred in the proportion of the sexes is best illustrated by computing the number of males in each 1,000 of population in 1790 and 1900 and midway, in 1850. Table 25. — Proportion of males in the uhile population, by states and territories: 1790, 1850, and 1900. STATE OB TERRITORY. Continental I'nltcd States. Area enumerated In 1790 New England Maine New Uampshlre. Vermont Massachusetts.. . Rhode Island Connecticut NXTMBER or HALES PER 1,0(10 OK WIUTE POPU- LATION. I7S0 S09 1830 513 504 498 Middle states. New York New Jersey I'ennsyivanla.. Delaware 511 503 526 490 492 495 514 Southern states. 516 510 514 517 515 Maryland and District of Columbia. Virt.'laia and West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Kentucky Tennessee Added area. 514 514 511 523 513 527 519 510 491 609 491 4«9 495 506 507 501 506 502 506 504 504 494 502 510 516 506 529 1900 513 502 494 605 499 609 487 489 500 502 497 500 508 510 506 495 510 500 504 504 509 606 521 The proportion of males in the white population shows a more marked decrease from 1790 to 1900 in the Middle and Southern states than in New England. In 1790 the only states reporting an excess of females were Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. In 1900 such excess was reported not only by Ma.ssa- chusetts and Rhode Island, but also by New Hamp- shire, New York, and Maryland. Had the propor- tions been the same in 1790 as in the original area in 1900, there would have been 2.1,194 fcwerwhite males than were reported at the First Census. If, on the other hand, the proportion of males in the area enu- merated in 1790 had been the same in 1900 as in 1790, the number of males reported would have been greater by 216,826. Age. — The age classification secured at the First Census separated white males into age groups above and under the age of 16 j'ears, without a similar sepa- ration for females. In any attempt to analyze the age figures thus presented, it becomes necessary to esti- mate the same classification with respect to females. The defect noted in the enumeration of 1790 was cor- rected at the census of 1800. Hence, within a decade of 1790 the exact proportion of females in the age groups specified were definitel}' known. This fact sug- gests the practicability of utilizing the well-known and fairly constant statistical ratio between the numbers of males and females, and the probably similar ratios for the principal age groups. Before utiUzing such proportions, it was of course necessary to demonstrate that the results would be substantially accurate. If from the Second to the Third Census no markeil variation is found in the proportion formed of all white females b\' wliite females under 16 years of age, either in the total or in the returns for the same states, the propor- tion from 1790 to 1800 is likely to have been fairly constant; furthermore, if the proportion formed of all wliite males by white males under 16 in 1790, as com- pared with the similar proportion shown in 1800, varied little, it wouhl then be established beyond reasonable doubt that the proportion of wliite females in the same age groups, though unascertained, must have differed but little in 1790 from the proportions actually shown in ISflO. Hence, the application of the jjropor- tion shown for wliite females under 16 years of age in the various states in 1800, to obtain the number of females in the same age group in 1790, would be fully justified. "What are tiie results of an analysis concerning the constancy of such ratios? (93) 94 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. The proportion wliich the white females under 16 years of age in the year ISOO formed of all white females amounted to about one-half. It varied less than one-twentieth of 1 per cent from 1800 to 1810. The percentages for the United States and for the New England states, Middle states, and Southern states at both censuses were: United States New England Middle stateji Southern states 1800 49.7 46.3 60.2 51.6 46.4 50.3 51.4 For the most part the range among individual states is very narrow. In 8 out of 17 states the differ- ence in proportion is less than 1 per cent, and in no instance tloes it exceed 3 per cent. The proportion in 1800 for males under 16 years of age is substantially the same as for females, being: 1800 1810 United States 50.4 50.3 New England 48.9 60.0 51.8 47.9 Middle states 50.2 51.8 The important ciuestion, however, is obviously the confirmation wdiich may or may not be afforded by the similarity of the proportion shown for white males under 16 years of age at the Second Census as compared ^vith the First. The proportions of males in this age group at the First and Second censuses were as follows : 1190 1800 United States 49.6 50 4 48.4 48.7 51.1 Middle states Southern states 51 8 In short, the uniformity in the proportion of white females under 16 years of age among all wlute females in 1810 as compared with 1800, the similarity in the proportion of white males under 1 6 and white females under 16 in ISOO as compared wdth 1810, and the similarity of the proportion of all white males formed by those under 16 years of age in 1800 as compared with 1790, appear to justify the use of the proportion of females under 16 years of age returned in 1800 by the several states, to compute the number of females in the same age group in 1790. Accordingly, in Table 106, on page 208, will be found the probable number of females under and over the age of 16, detei-mined in accordance with the proportions shown by the various states in 1800. SEX AND AGE. ■WHITE POPULATION IN 1790. Number. Per cent. Total 3,172,444 1,619,184 1.553,260 51.0 49.0 Males 1,615,761 815,098 800,663 1,556,683 50.4 49 6 16 years and over 804,086 752,597 51.7 48.3 The proportions of white persons of both sexes who were under 16 years of age in 1790 are com- pared with the corresponding proportions in 1900 in the following summary : Per cent white persons under 16 years of age form of total white popu- lation, and per cent while males and females of the same age group form of all white males and females, respectively: 1790 and 1900. BOTH SEXES. MALES. FEMALES. 1790 1900 1790 1900 1790 1900 Continental United States. 49.0 35.6 49.6 35.2 48.3 36.1 Area enumerated in 1790 49.0 34.1 49.6 34.3 48.3 33.9 47.0 29.1 48.4 29.6 45.6 28 7 Maine . 50.7 48,6 51.3 45.5 46.4 45.4 49.4 29.0 27.5 29.4 29.0 30.5 29.7 32.6 60.4 49.1 49.9 47.8 49.6 47.2 48.7 29.0 27.5 29.2 29.6 31.7 29.8 32.6 51.1 48.0 52.8 43.4 43.3 43.7 60.2 29 New Hampshire Vermont. 27.6 29 6 Massachusetts 28 3 29 3 32 5 New York 49.3 48.7 49.8 49.4 50.2 30.9 32.7 34.5 32.7 40.0 48.3 47.8 49.2 50.8 51.1 31.2 32.7 34.2 32.6 40.2 60.5 49.6 60.4 48.0 49.2 30 6 New Jersey 32 6 Pennsylvftnia 34 8 Southern states 39 7 Maryland and District 45.0 49.7 61.9 52.2 53.1 54.5 55.0 33.3 40.0 42.8 41.8 41.6 40.4 41.1 36.9 47.9 51.1 52.5 51.5 51.7 53.0 52.9 33.9 40.0 43.6 42.5 41.8 40.3 41.4 35.8 41.9 48.1 51.1 53.0 64.6 66.3 57.2 32.8 Virginia and West Vir- 42 South Carolina 41 1 Georgia 41 4 Tennp.wpp 40 8 Added area 38 The summary indicates that the proportion of each sex under 16 years of age was materially less for the United States in 1900 than in 1790, and slightly less in the area enumerated in 1790 than for the entire nation. The most decided changes in this respect ap- pear in the New England states. In some of these the proportion in 1900 was little more than one-half of that shown in 1790. The change is least marked in the Southern states, where the white population has main- tained a much larger proportion of increase than in other portions of the country, and has been but little affected by immigration during the century. In 1790 7 out of the 17 states and territories enumerated showed SEX AND AGE OF THE WHITE POPULATION. 95 a proportion of more than one-half under IG years of age; the lowest proportion shown by any state or ter- ritory at that census was that of Maryland, in which 45 per cent of the inhabitants were under 16 years of age. In 1900, however, no state reported a proportion as high as the lowest reported for 1790. The question at once presents itself, whether a large part of the tlecided reiluction shown in this summary is net attributable to the arrival in the last decade of the nineteenth century of great numbers of immi- grants, a very large proportion of whom were over 16 years of age. Such an infliLX would seemingly tend to augment the proportion of the population in the higher age group at the expense of that in the lower. To measure the influence of this element, two computa- tions were made to determine the proportion which in 1900 (1) the native white of native parentage under 16 years of age and (2) the native white of foreign par- entage and the foreign white in the same age period, formed of the total produced by adding to their number the number of persons available for their sup- port. The first computation gave the proportion which the native white of native parentage mider 16 years of age formed of the total obtained by adding to their number the total native white of native parentage above 16, and the married, widowed, and divorced na- tive white of foreign parentage in this same age period; the second gave the proportion which the total of the foreign white imder 16 years of age and the native white of foreign parentage in the same age period formed of the aggregate produced upon adding to their number the foreign white above 16 years and the single native white of foreign parentage in the same age period. For the United States as a whole, the propor- tions obtained by these two computations were 35.5 and 35.9 })er cent, respectively, as compared with 35.6 in the preceding summary. It thus appears that the influence of the large influx of adult immigrants upon the proportion.s shown in tiie .summary has been practi- cally offset by a higher birth rate among these inuni- grants, and that the proportion shown for 1900 in the preceding sununary has not been materially affected by immigration. While the increase or tlecrease in the birth rate be- tween the First ajid Twelfth censuses is the principal factor in determinmg the proportions above and below the age of 16 3'ears, increased longevity is another pos- sible factor which might exert some influence upon the proportions. The average age of the population has unquestionably increased materially since 1790, be- cause of improved sanitary conditions, the advance in medical and surgical skill, aiul doubtless also the greater intelligence of the commimity with respect to the preservation of health; it is not probable, however, that the last-named factor would materially affect the percentage here shown. The advance in medical skill and sanitary appliances since 1790 has tended to pre- serve infant life perhaps even more than adult life, and the increase in the average age is due rather to the preservation of life among young people who are crip- pled, deformed, or weak, than to the actual lengthen- ing of life to old age. The argument has frequenth' been advanced that the important point to be considered is the number of survivors in the young population, since the nimiber of survivors from a high birth rate attended by a high death rale may perhaps be no greater than the nujnber from low birth and death rates. The statistics under consideration relate to living children imder 16 jcars of age ; and, whatever the mortality may have been, the fact remains that at the period of the First Census the survivors were so numerous as to increase the popu- lation with almost unexampled rapidity. VIII. ANALYSIS OF THE FAMILY. AVERAGE SIZE OF PRIVATE FAMILIES— SLAVE- HOLDING AND NONSLAVEHOLDING FAMILIES- PROPORTION OF CHILDREN— DWELLINGS. NUMBER OF FAMILIES. In the preceding chapters analysis has been con- fined principally to tabulations of data secured from the report of the First Census and thus available for all the states. In this and in several of the succeed- ing chapters the statistics presented are derived prin- cipally from the schedules. This fact obviously pre- cludes detailed consideration of returns for the states of New Jersey, Delaware, and Georgia, and for the dis- tricts of Kentucky and Tennessee. While the schedules for Virginia also are missing, their place is supplied in a measure by lists of inhabitants at state enumerations made near the close of the Revolution. For the other states and territories mentioned, facts in some in- stances, can be approximated with reasonable accuracy from the returns for adjoining states. Size of families. — In tabulating families as reported at the First Census only private families were con- sidered — in other words, all households which were obviously institutions, or of a public or semipublic character, were excluded. The following table affords a comparison of the average size of private families in 1790 and 1900: Table 26. —AVERAGE SIZE OF PRIVATE FAMILIES, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1790 AND 1900. STATE OE TEEKITOBY. TOTAL FREE POPtJLATION IN FAMIUES. NUMBER OF FAMIUES. AVERAGE NUMBEE OF PERSONS IN EACH FAMILY. 1790 1900 1790 1900 1790 1900 Continental United States 3.199,784 73,410,992 557,889 15.963.965 5.7 4.6 Area enumerated in 1790 ... 3, 199, 784 32,435,715 557,889 7,036,638 5.7 4 6 New England 998,879 5,351,133 174,017 1,236,929 5.7 4 3 Maine 96.089 141,500 85,239 375, 779 06. 533 233,739 902,032 670,007 394,378 332,800 2,672,527 409, 713 871,648 15,009,190 17.009 24.005 14,992 65.779 11.296 40,876 166, 762 161,588 96,534 80, 559 604,873 92,735 200,640 3,359,344 5.6 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.9 6.7 5.8 4 1 Vermont 4 1 Massachusetts Rhode Island 4 4 Connecticut 4.3 4.5 Middle states New York 6,922,931 1,819,831 6,086,595 179,833 12,075,392 64,878 129,779 73.874 18.231 217, 110 1,608.170 408,993 1,303,174 39,007 2,440,365 5.7 5.8 5.7 6.1 5.7 4.3 4 4 New Jersey 172,716 423.698 50,209 1,238,873 i'ennsvlvania 4.7 4.6 4.9 Delaware Southern states Maryland and District of Columbia 202.966 454,983 292, 554 141,565 53,284 61,247 32,274 1.414,205 2,747,856 1,871,311 1,322,918 624,244 2,112.462 1,982,406 40,975,277 =30,228 175,830 2 52,613 25,872 19.867 110.937 15,763 295,302 544,529 367, 565 267,859 131.805 434.228 399,017 8,927,327 5.6 6.0 5.6 5.5 5.4 6.6 6.6 4.8 5.0 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.9 5.0 4.6 Virginia and West Virginia North Carohna South Carolina Georgia" Kentuclty Tennessee Added area 1 Estimated. = Estimated lor 3 counties. > Part enumerated in 1790. In the foregoing table the average number of persons per private family for 1790 is necessarily computed for the free population only, while the average for 1900 is computed for the total population. Had the com- putation at the Twelfth Census been made for white and colored separately, greater accuracy could have (96) been secured by using the return for the white element alone for comparison with the returns for 1790; but such classification was not made. A study was made, however, during the preparation of the Twelfth Census reports, to determine whether such a classification was advisable by reason of apparent difference in size of ANALYSIS OF THE FAMILY. 97 family in the two elements; and it was fount! that, in spite of popular impression to the contrary, the differ- ence was so small as to be negligible. The average size of family in 1790 was 5.7 persons for the entire area covered; for the several states it ranged from 5.4 in Georgia to 6.1 in Delaware. In DiAcnAM 8 — CHANGE IN .WER.VC.E 20 1900 the average size of family, both for continental Unileil States as a whole and for the area covered in 1790, had decreased by more than 1 person ('>.7 to 4.6); U)V the states covered in 17'.KJ it ranged from 4.1 in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont to 5.1 in North Carolina. SIZE OF r.VMILIES; 1700 TO inoo. CO ui < -I < o y- u. O I- z liJ o a: li) a. I I AND oven NUMBER OF PERSONS IN FAMILY This table furnishes another instance in which analysis of the returns of 1790, when compared with similar analysis for the returns of 1900, shows the minimum in 1790 to be larger than the maxinmm in 1900. At the Twelfth Census 73,410,992 persons in continental United States, out of an entire population of approximately 76,000,000, were returned as living in 15,963,965 private families. If this number of persons (both white and colored) had reported families of the size shown in 1790, the total number of families in 1900 would have been 12,879,121; in other words, in 1900, had the size of family rcmaine Incomplete owing to loss of schedules. The progress of the nation from 1790 to 1900 has involved far-reaching social changes, during which the inhabitants have gathered from farm and frontier into densely settled industrial centers. Tlie effect of this change on the size of family and on family environ- ment has been very marked; it is probable that no statistical change recorded in tlieso jjages as having occurred duiing the century is more decided or pos- sesses greater economic significance. SLAVEHOLDING AND NONSLAVEHOLDINO FAMILIES. A subdivision of the white and free colored families reported at the First Census into two general cla.sses, slaveholding and nonslaveholding, is presented in Table 30. The average size of white slaveholding families was slightly greater than the average for white nonslave- holding families. Of the total number of families under consitleration, little more than 10 per cent were classed as slaveholding. Approximately one-fourth of the slaveholding families reported were located in New England and the Middle states. Those in New Eng- land were reported principally by Rhode Island and Connecticut; and of the 2 Middle states represented. New York contributed much the larger number of slaveholders. Table 114. page 276, presents the information sum- marized in Table 30, extended to counties and minor civil divisions so far as they were returned separately. A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. 100 Table 30 -NUMBER OF PRIVATE FAMILIES, CLASSIFIED AS SLAVEHOLDINCx AND NONSLAVEHOLDING WTIITE aTd FREE COLORED, WITH PER CENT FAMILIES OF EACH CLASS FORM OF ALL PRIVATE FAMILIES, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES:' 1790. PRIVATE FAMILIES. PER CENT FAMILIES OF EACH CLASS FORM OF ALL PRI- VATE FAMILIES. Total num- ber. Slaveholding. Nonslaveholding. Slaveholding. Nonslave- holding. STATE OR TERRITORY. White. Free colored. White. Free colored. White. Free col- ored. White. Num- ber of fami- lies. Number of members. Num- ber of fami- lies. Number of members. Num- ber of fami- lies. Number of members. Num- ber of fami- lies. Number of members. Free Total. Aver- age per fam- Uy. Total. Aver- age per fam- iiy. Total. Aver- age per fam- ily- Total. Aver- age per mm- ily. ored. Area covered by 1790 schedules In exist- ence 410,636 47, 664 280,345 5.9 195 652 3.3 357,811 2,032,768 6.7 4,966 19,533 3.9 11.6 m 87.1 1.2 New England 174,017 2,141 13,522 6.3 6 23 3.8 170,242 978,684 5.7 1,628 6,650 4.1 1.2 (=) 97.8 0.9 17,009 24,065 14,992 65, 779 11,296 40,876 128,752 16,972 23, 859 14,969 65, 149 10,393 38,900 117,869 95,953 140,428 85,154 373, 187 61,590 222,372 674,120 6.7 5.9 5.7 5.7 6.9 5.7 5.7 37 83 23 630 4-12 413 1,229 136 312 86 2,592 1,950 1,576 4,487 3.7 3.8 3.7 4.1 4.4 3.8 3.7 99.8 99.1 99.8 99.0 92.0 95.2 91.6 0.2 New Hampshire 123 760 6.2 0.5 0.3 0.2 1.0 Rhode Island 461 1,557 9,638 2,993 9,769 60,437 6.5 6.3 6.3 4.1 3.8 7.5 3.9 Connecticut 6 16 23 63 3.8 3.9 1.0 Middle states 1.0 New York . . 54,878 73,874 107,867 7,787 1,851 35,885 47, 495 12,942 206,386 6.1 7.0 5.8 9 7 173 40 23 566 4.4 3.3 3.3 46,398 71,471 69,700 265,430 408,690 379,964 5.7 5.7 6.6 684 545 2,109 2,444 2,043 8,396 3.6 3.7 4.0 14.2 2.6 33.3 h 0.2 84.5 96.7 64.6 1.2 0.7 Southern states 2.0 33,294 48,701 25,872 12,142 14,945 8,798 71,168 87, 121 48,097 5.9 6.8 55 84 28 61 211 119 236 2.6 4.3 3.9 19,870 33,076 16,754 109,677 178,077 92,310 6.6 5.4 5.5 1,198 652 259 4,572 2,902 922 3.8 4.5 3.6 36.5 30.7 34.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 59.7 67.9 64.8 3.6 1.3 1.0 ' Data not available for New Jersey, Delaware, Virginia, Georgia, Kentucky, or Southwest Territory. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 3 Data not available for Allegany, Calvert, or Somersett county. i Data not available for Caswell, Granville, or Orange county, except the total number of families. NUMBER OF CHILDREN PER WHITE FAMILY. In the preceding chapter the number of white females under 16 years of age was determined with reasonable accuracy. Hence it is possible to consider the total number of children (under 16 years) per white family in 1790 in the area for which schedules are still in existence, as compared with the number shown by the census returns in 1900. The number of private white families included in the schedules of the First Census which are still in exist- ence is slightly more than 400,000. In the course of a century the number of private white families in the same area increased more than tenfold, but the number of white children under 16 j-ears of age in the same area increased during the same period little more than sixfold. From the returns for the first and last cen- suses of record, it is possible to show that in the area included the average number of children under 1 6 years of age per family was nearly twice as great in 1790 as in 1900. Moreover, it will be observed from the table that the number varied but little (from 2.6 to 2.9) in 1790, while in 1900, although the averages returned were in general reduced about one-half, the range was much wider. Both at the beginning and at the close of the century the lowest average was shown for New England. In 1900 the highest average was shown for the Southern states. Table 31. — Average number of white children under 16 years per private white family, by states: 1790 and 1900.' STATE OR TERRITORY. PRIVATE WHITE FAMIUE3. WHITE CHILDREN UNDER 16 YEARS OF AGE. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WHITE CHIL- DREN UNDER 16 YEARS OF AGE PER FAMILY. 1790 1900 1790 1900 1790 1900 Area for which schedules are in existence . 412.850 4,661.504 1,149,001 7,095,506 2.8 1 5 Mpw F.nglanH 172,383 1,221,856 466, 290 1,610,496 2.7 1 3 Maine 16.972 23,982 14,969 65.149 10.854 40,457 127,507 161,041 96,354 80,388 596,611 90,468 197,004 2,855,574 48,753 68,664 43,632 169,869 29.987 105,485 365.764 200,792 112,987 100,857 786,349 144, 163 265,347 4,330.159 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.9 1 2 New Hampshire 1.2 Massachusetts Rhode Island 1.3 Connecticut 1 3 Middle states 1 5 54,185 73,322 112,960 1,584,311 1,271.263 584,074 155,090 210,674 316.947 2,212.213 2,117,946 1,154,852 2.9 2.9 2.8 Pennsylvania 1.7 Maryland and Dis- trict of Columbia". . North Carolina3 South Carolina 36.052 52,356 25,652 232, 270 244. 524 107,280 93.843 149,942 73, 162 381.253 640, 643 233,056 2.7 2.9 2.9 1.6 2.2 2.2 • Data not available for New Jersey, Delaware, Virginia, Georgia, Kentucky, or Southwest Territory. - Includes an estimate for Alle.gany, Calvert, and Somersett counties. » Includes an estimate for Caswell, Granville, and Orange counties. ANALYSIS OF THE FAMILY 101 In the foregoing table the number of white children per private family has been considered only for the states for which schedules are in existence. For the entire United States in 1900 the average was 1.7, and for the area added after the First Census the average was 1.8. The highest proportions (2.3) were shown for Texas and Mississippi. Had the ratio of children to private white families been the same in 1790 as it was in 1900, the number of children in 1790 would have been less than half the number actually reported at the First Census. It would be idle to speculate upon the effect which so low a proportion in 1790 and at subsequent early censuses would have wrought upon the nation; but without question had the proportion which now actually exists appeared at the beginning of the century, the Iiistory of the Republic would have been materially altered. On the other hand, the application of the generous proportion of children sho\\Ti for 1790 to the number of private white families reporteil in 1900 (which aver- aged less than 2 children each) results in a theoretical increase in the number of young cliildrcn so great as to be astonishing. In short, had the households into which the white inhabitants of the United States were divided in 1900 been as prolific as were the households of the white citizens of the Republic at the beginning of Constitutional Government, the population of the United States in 1900 would have been greater by 15,500,000 children, regardless of the cumulative effect of the maintenance of the higher ratio at previous censuses. FAMILIES AND DWELLINGS. The printed schedules used by the enumerators for Massachusetts at the First Census included an inquiry regarding the number of dwellings within their respec- tive districts, probably instituted as a result of a similar inquiry at the Colonial census of Massachusetts in 1764-65. The returns secured afford a basis for an in- teresting study concerning the average number of fami- lies and of persons to a dwelling in urban and in rural communities. By Census definition in 1900, a dwelling is a place in which, at the time of the census, one or more persons regularly sleep; hence uninhabited houses were not counted as dwellings at the Twelfth Census. The same was true of the First Census, since no vacant houses were returned on the schedules. Inasmuch as tenement and apartment houses were returned as dwellings in 1900, it would be natural (especially in a commonwealth conspicuous for its in- dustrial interests and dense population) to expect that in 1900 the number of families per dwelling would be larger than in 1790, when there were few tenement houses and no apartment houses. The figures, how- ever, clearly show that the average has not materially increased. 76292—09 8 The following table shows the number of dwellings and private families, the total population, and the av- erage number of families ami of persons per dwelling, for each coimty of Massachusetts enumerated in 1790, and for the same areas in 1900: Table 32. — Dwellings and private families in the counties of Matta- chuselta reported in 1190, and in the same areas ' in 1900. The state Barnstable Berkshire Bristol Dukes iuid Nantucket Essex Hampshire Mitidlesox Plymouth Suflolk Worcester The state Barnstable Berkshire Bristol Dukes and Nantucket Essex Hampshire Middlesex Plymouth .SuUolk Worcester Dwell- ings. PRIVATE rAMiuca. poptjijinoM. Total. Average per dwelling. Total. dwell, IK 1790 M,377 68,779 1.2 378.556 2.343 2,889 1.2 17,342 4,476 4,899 1.1 30.263 4,514 5,541 1.2 31,696 1,013 1.430 1.4 7.810 -,M4 10,883 1.4 57,879 9,181 9.617 1.0 59,656 5,»9S 7,580 1.3 42.769 4,240 5.173 1.2 29,512 e,3S6 8,038 1.3 44.865 8,613 9,729 1.1 56.764 7.0 7.7 7.6 6.5 7.1 7.0 7.1 6.6 1900 451,362 7,678 18,257 34,451 2.209 61,004 46,393 108,206 22,358 97,4.19 53,367 ' 604.873 1.3 2.805.346 7.911 1.0 i 27,828 20.530 1.1 95.774 53.856 1.6 251.229 2.332 1.1 ! 7,567 79,664 1.3 356.669 58.640 1.3 1 275,028 133,991 1.2 628,097 28,330 1.2 108,114 147, 443 1.5 708,324 74,176 1.4 1 346,818 3.6 5.2 7.3 3.4 5.8 5.9 5.8 4.8 7.3 6.5 ■Except that no adjustment has been made for changes since 1790 In the bound- ary line between Massachusetts and Uhode Island. The average number of persons per dwelling in the state decreased from 7 in 1790 to 6.2 in 1900. In only 2 counties, Bristol and Suffolk, did the average in- crease; this increase was undoubtedly due to the in- fluence of tenement and apartment house population, though it should be borne in mind that in these coun- ties in 1900 were large numbers of foreign bom, whose families were much larger than the average native family. The reduction in the average number of per- sons to a dwelling in the remaining counties is un- doubtedly the result of the decreased size of family. It will be remembered that in this state, as in the other New England states, low average size of family was shown, and the influence of the great change recorded appears to have been such ixs to overcome the opposite tendency of occupancy of a dwelling or building by a considerable number of families. The counties having the largest average number of persons to a dwelling in 1 790 (Dukes and Nantucket and Essex) had very small averages in 1900. The explana- tion of the large averages for 1790 lies partly in the fact that these same counties showed the largest average numbers of families per dwelling. The very small averages shown for 1900 for these counties, and LIHKAKY TJN^ TFOBNIA KA 102 A CENTURY OF POPULATIOX GROWTH. also for Barnstable count3-, undoubtedly reflect the fact that the population of these counties is excep- tional in several particulars. It is principally native white of native parents— in which element the average size of family is very small— and, as shown by the state census of 1905, is still decreasing. Inspection of the average number of persons per dwelling in the Massachusetts counties in 1790, as com- pared with similar figures for 1900, shows that the range of variation was more than three times as great at the Twelfth Census as it was at the First. The relative imiformity shown in 1790, and the fact that nearly all the population of the country was engaged in agriculture, go far to justify the presumption that, at the time of the First Census, the conditions of popula- tion in one state closely resembled those in the other states of the limited area covered by the census. On this basis the approximate number of dwellings in the United States may reasonably be computed by em- ploying as a ratio the number of families per dwelling in Massachusetts. The number of dwellings occupied in 1900 by fam- ilies, other than private, can not be deducted from the total number; but it is doubtful whether such a de- duction, if it could be made, would affect appreciably the average number of private families per dwelling. It was found by computation that the ratio of all fam- ilies to all dwellings in Massachusetts differed from the ratio of private families to all dwellings by only one one-hundredth of a family per dwelling. Since in Massachusetts the proportion of colored families was so small that their effect on the ratio of all families to all dwellings may be disregarded, it was deemed more accurate to apply the ratio for this state to the white population of the other states (in many of which the colored population was relatively very numerous), rather than to their total population, and thus to obtain the number of dwellings of white persons only. The increase during the century in the number of dwellings in the area enumerated in 1790 was nearly twelvefold. This table further illustrates the tend- ency toward large families in 1790, offsetting, in the averages, the small families and large buildings (such as the apartment and tenement houses) in 1900. As previously suggested, the effect of the former over- comes the latter, with the rather unexpected result that the average of 7 white persons per dwelling in 1790 declined to 5.7 in 1900, and in 4 out of the 17 states presented the average was less than 5. Had the average number of white persons to a dwelling which appeared in 1900 prevailed in 1790, there would have been approximately 100,000 more dwellings of white persons in the Republic. On the other hand, had the average which prevailed in 1790 prevailed also in 1900, the number of dwellings would be re- duced approximately 1,000,000 — the equivalent of all the dwellings in New York, the most populous state in the Union. These comparisons, however, possess value only as measuring vividly the change which has occurred in the proportions. Table 33. — Estimated average number of white persons per dwelling, for each state and territory enumerated in 1790, and for the same areas ' in 1900. i:90 1900 STATE or. TEEKITORY. White lation. Number of dwell- ings of white per- sons." Aver- age num- ber of per- sons to a dweU- ing. White popu- lation. Number of dwell- ings of white persons." .Vver age num- ber of per- sons to a dwell- ing. Area enumerated in 1790 3.172.444 454,309 7.0 29,564.821 5,209,847 5.7 992,384 140,742 7.1 5,527,026 978,140 6.7 96,107 141.112 85. 072 373.187 64.670 232,230 954.003 14,218 19.986 12.467 53.312 9.045 31,714 136.477 6.8 7.1 6.8 7.0 7.1 7.3 7.0 692.226 410.791 342.771 2.769.764 419.060 892,424 15,264,839 148,028 86, 407 74,831 445, 637 66,312 156,865 2,564,696 4.7 New Hampshire 4.8 4.6 Massachusetts Rhode Island 6.2 6.3 5 7 Middle states 6 New York 314.366 169.954 423,373 46,310 1,226.057 45.158 24.279 61.103 5,937 177,090 7.0 7.0 6.9 7.8 6.9 7.156.881 1.812,317 6,141.664 153,977 8,772,956 1.019.228 308,872 1,204.764 31,832 1,667,011 7.0 New Jersey 5 9 Pennsylvania 5.1 4 g 5 3 Maryland and Dis- trict of Columbia.. Virginia and West Virginia 208,649 442,117 289,181 140.178 62.886 61.133 31.913 26, 677 61,405 40,018 21,293 12. 507 10.233 4,957 7.8 7.2 7.2 6.6 4.2 6.0 6.4 1,143,956 2.108.088 1,263,603 557.807 297.007 1.862.309 1,640,186 2U,429 395. 696 240.630 107,915 58,580 359,052 293,909 5.4 5 3 North Carolina South Carolina Georgia * 6.3 5.2 6 1 Kentucky . 5 2 Tennp.'i'^pe 5 2 ^ Except that no adjustment has been made for changes since 1790 in the bound- ary line between Massachusetts and Rhode Island. - Estimatfd on the basis of the ratio of white and free colored families to all dwelHiiKs in Massachusetts. 3 Estimated. * Part enumerated in 1790. IX. PROPORTION OF CHILDREN IN WHITE POPULATION. R.ATIO OF WHITE .ADULTS OF SELF-SUPPORTING .AGE TO WHITE CHILDREN— OF WHITE CHILDREN TO .ADLLT WHITE FEXLALES— EFFECT OF CH.\NGES IN THE PROPORTION OF CHILDREN. It is probable that no change in the composition of the white popuhition of the United States possesses greater interest, or is more important to the future welfare of the nation, than the proportion of the total constituted by children. It is clear that upon the changes in this respect, occurring from census to cen- sus, in the Republic and in inilividual states and com- munities, depends practically all economic readjust- ment. "Wliat proportion of the white population was formed by children under 16 years of age at the First Census, and at the Twelfth * And, if a marked change has occurred during the period under consideration, what are some of the possible causes? In the following table comparison is made of the proportion of children per 1,000 of the total white population at intervals from 1790 to 1900. It is necessary to accept the age period under 16 years as a limitation of "children," because of the use of that age period at the earlier censuses. Table 34. — Number of children per 1,000 of the ivhite population, by states and territories: 1790, 1S20, 1S50, ISSO, and 1900. STATE OR TERRITOEY. NTJMBER OF WHITE PERSONS UXDEi 16 TEARS OF AGE PER 1,000 OF ALL AGES. 1790 1S20 18S0 1880 1900 United States 490 489 431 390 356 Area enumerated In 1790 490 483 414 373 344 Xew England 470 443 358 309 291 Maine New Hampshire 507 486 513 455 464 454 4»4 485 447 463 420 429 422 485 404 342 378 338 349 340 405 318 281 324 305 315 315 358 290 275 2»t Massachusetts Rhode Island 290 305 Connecticut 297 Middle states 326 New York 493 487 498 494 502 484 472 489 479 508 385 410 429 431 461 336 361 385 367 431 309 327 Ppnnsylvanlft 345 327 402 Maryland and District of Columbia 450 497 519 522 531 Wo «550 457 487 507 503 519 533 551 526 414 451 455 456 493 474 488 463 377 434 429 433 442 439 449 40« 333 Virginia and West Virginia North Carolina. . 400 428 South Carolina 418 Georgiai 421 4M Tep^ipps*,*! a 411 Added area 368 ■Entire state. •Southwest Territory In 1790. • Basic figures obtained from ratios existing in Tennessee in 180O. The change which occurred in the original area dur- ing the first thirty-year period — from 1790 to 1S20 — was so slight as to possess little significance. During this period there was, indeed, a slight increase in the proportion shown in the Southern states. The decline in the succeeding periods was— 1820 to 1850, 69; 1850 to 1880, 41; 1880 to 1900 (twenty years), 29; hence, the decline in the proportion of white children un- der 16 in each 1,000 white persons of all ages was 7 during the first thirty j-ears of Feileral census taking and 139 in the succectling eighty years. It will be observed that the Southern states, although little affected since the First Census by additions to puiHilalion through immigration, have, by maintaining a liigher birth rate than the Xew England and Middle states, increased their numbers from distinctively na- tive population at a rate appro.\iinating, or possibly exceeding, the rate attained by other portions of the country with the assistance of immigrants and their descendants. RATIO OF WHITE ADIH^TS OF SELF-SUPPORTING AGE TO WHITE CHILDREN. The changes between the First and Twelfth censuses in the average number of white adults available for the sui)port of each white child arc shown in the following table. Since children do not, as a rule, pass suddenly into the adult class with respect to abilitv to support young pei-sons, for the purposes of this study twenty years is set as the minimum age at which persons are capable of supporting children. Table 3.5. — Ratio of white adults of self-supporting age to white children: 1790 to 1900. CENSUS YEAR. White per- sons 20 years and over. White chU- dren under 16 years. Ratio of persons 20 years and over lo all children under 16 yem. 1790 1,214,388 1,832.375 2,485.176 3,395,467 4,626,2y0 6.440,054 9.421.637 13.310,660 17.070.373 22,928.219 SO. 263, 755 37,748,491 1,553.280 2,156,357 2.933.211 3.843.680 4.970.210 6,510.878 8.428.458 11.329.812 13,719.431 16,919.«a9 20,154.222 23,846.473 078 1800 ass 1810 ass 1820 ass 093 Ig40 a9» 1.12 I860 1.17 1870 1..'4 1880 1 36 1890 1.50 1900 t58 For the censuses from 1790 to 1850, inclusive, .some minor atljustments of age periods for this table proved (103) 104 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. to be necessary in order to secure comparable figures; in some instances these adjustments were for the period under 16 years of age, and in others for the period 20 years of age and over. They were not sufiicient, how- ever, to affect to any apjireciable degree the percent- ages which appear in the table, even though it be con- ceded that some errors may exist in the computations required to be made from the nearest age group. Diagram 9.— Ratio of white adults of self-supporting age to vMte i-hildrcn under Id years. 1.9 1.8 1.7 i.e 1.5 1.4 13 1.2 I.I IX) / / / / / / J ^ y / ,— - ^ f 8 7 6 6 /[ ,/ ■ ^ <^ T 2 n 17 90 18C )0 18 18 20 18 30 184 IS SO 18 60 18 70 18 BO ISS )0 19 DO The proportion for 1900 is practically double that for 1790. The iminterrupted increase shown in the proportion of white adults of self-supporting age to white children proves exceedingly suggestive. At the First Census 7S0 atlults contributed to the maintenance and rearing of 1,000 children in the United States; but in 1900 the relationship of adults to children had changed so greatly that the ratio became 1,580 adults to each 1,000 children.' The ratios of adults to children at the most recent censuses of the principal nations of Europe were as follows : COOTJTET. Census year. Ratio of adults of self-sup- porting age (20 years and over) to cliildren under Ui years. 1901 1901 1901 1901 1901 1900 1900 1900 2.4 1.8 1.7 1.6 Italj' . 1.6 1.5 1.5 United States 1.6 In 1790 the ratios of white adults of self-supporting age to white children were practically uniform through- out the area enumerated. This fact suggests that in 1790 similar conditions prevailed generally throughout the country in connection with domestic and family affairs. In 1900 the ratios varied widely in different states, and in some instances — especially in New Eng- land and in some of the other older settled states — at- tained a high figure. The analysis is presented in full in the following table. In order to show the effect of locality, the states are grouped under main and minor geographic divisions. In the different divisions and states of continental United States the number of white adults available in 1900 for the support of each 1,000 white children varied from 1,060 in Indian Territory to 2,400 in Nevada. Within the area enumerated in 1790 the extremes were 1,130 for North Carolina and (disregard- ing the District of Columbia) 2,.390 for New Hampshire. Wlien the states of the area enumerated in 1790 are grouped by geographic divisions it is found that in both 1790 and 1900 the Southern states showed the smallest proportion of white adults of self- ' " No great powerofimagination is needed in order to perceive the enormous effect of these (European population) changes, * * * and if at the present moment yearly 20 young persons out of a popu- lation of 1,000 enter life as full grown members of society, it will make a great difference if this number is reduced — say to 15. Everywhere in offices and shops the number of juveniles will be on the decrease, whereas gray-haired officials will be more abundant, and if it is true thatall new ideas are bom in young brains, then this distribution of age is identical with a serious loss for the popula- tion. * * * In a stagnant population, according to the life tables for males, about 26 per cent would be imder 15 years old, but if all the principal causes of death disappear the number would sink to 23 per cent. In the former case 74 adults would bring up 26 children; in the latter the numbers would be 77 and 23; consequently there would, in the caseof thehigher, accordingly be 2.8 adults tol child, in the other, 3.3." — Westergaard, Proceedings of the International Institute of Sta- tistics, 1007, page 113. PROPORTION OF CHILDREN IN WHITE POPULATION. 105 supporting age to white children, and the New England states showed the largest. In 1900, however, the two extremes had grown so far apart that the South- ern states, although nearly doubling their i)roportion during the century, showed a ratio scarcely more than one-half of that indicated for New England. The difference between the ratios per 1,000 ciiildren for the two sections had advanced from 700 and 800 adults, respectively, in 1790, to 1,280 and 2,190 in 1900. Table 36. — Ratio of white adults of self-iupporling age to white children, by slates and territories: 1900. STATE OR TERRITORY. White popu- lation under IB years. White popu- lation 20 years and over. Ratio of white popu- lation 2b years and over to white popu- lation under 16 years. Continental United States ' 23,846,473 37,748,491 1.58 Area enumerated in 1790. . . 10,464,298 17,663,445 1.69 New England 1,610,495 3,531,973 2.19 Maine 200,792 112,987 100,857 804,342 125,970 265,347 4,972,312 441,215 269,686 217,746 1,774,910 262,269 566,147 9,179,888 2.20 2.39 2.16 2.21 2.08 2.13 1.85 New Hampshire Vermont. . Massachusetts... Rhode Island Middle states New York 2,212,213 591,730 2,117,946 50,423 3,881,491 4,438,326 1,092,418 3,557,203 91,941 4,951,584 2.01 1.85 1.68 1.82 1.28 Pennsylvania Delaware Southern states Maryland and District of Colum- bia 381,2.53 844,206 540,543 233,a5fi 497,862 751,566 633,005 13,382,175 674,660 1,084,553 613,164 273,618 580,671 953,950 770,968 20,085,046 1.77 1.28 Virginia and West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina 1 17 Kentucky 1.27 1 22 Tennessee 1.50 9,222,868 14,510,777 Ohio 1,335,964 847,7.55 1,61)0,114 813,188 780,664 668,183 802,660 1,09.5,731 128,739 1.55,250 408,226 520,394 2,898,532 2,406,258 1,410,271 2,715,180 1,401,7.50 1,113,736 93.5,121 1,236,108 1,605,117 1M,.507 195,142 ,561,678 769,909 3,232,544 Indiana Illinois 1 64 Michigan Wisconsin 1 43 Minnesota 1 40 1.54 Missouri 1 46 North Dakota South Dakota . 1 26 Nebraska 1.38 1.46 1.12 Florida 121,473 431,491 276,328 307,120 1,0,57,904 134,3(HI 1,54, 4.V) 415,478 1,260,775 151,885 480,601 307,476 361,674 1,160,016 141,961 183,954 444,977 2,341,725 1.25 1. 11 Mississippi 1.11 1.18 Texas 1. 10 Indian Territory 1.06 1.19 Arkansas 1.07 Western states 1.86 Montana 69,674 28, W3 ir,!>,r36 74,124 31, .107 118,7.58 9,6,'.9 60,.5(iS 162, .542 131,768 403,826 143,887 .54,107 324,181 93,918 55,314 130,847 23,262 82,975 300,219 232,065 900,947 2 07 Wyoming 1.88 1.91 New Mexico 1.27 1.77 Utah 1. 10 2 40 Idaho 1.37 Washington 1.S5 Oregon 1.76 California 2.23 ' Excluding persons st.!tioned abroad. • Entire state. The marked difference in the ratio shown by the group of Southern states, in comparison with "some Other sections, suggests a tabulation of the South in comparison with the rest of the countrj'; and upon making such analysis it appears that the ratio of white adults of self-supporting age to eacii 1,000 white children in 1900 was 1,210 in the South and 1,730 in the remainder of the country. It must not be overlooked that the ratios here shown are based upon the entire white population, hative and foreign. It was impossible to secure an analysis for the native and foreign elements separately; but at- tempts to secure such separation indicated that the native element tended to record a much higher ratio of adults to children than the foreign element — in some instances, indeed, probably exceeding 3,000 adults to each 1,000 children. RATIO OF WHITE CHILDREN TO .\I>UI.T WHITE FEMALES. The relative importance of children in the white population has already been measuretl by considering the proportion children form of the total and the ratio of adults of self-supporting age to children. Another standpoint from wliich to view this subject consists in a consideration of the ratio of white chil- dren (under 16 years of age) to white females 16 years of age and over. Table 37. — Ratio of white children to adult white females in each state and territory enumerated in 1790 and in the same areat in 1900. STATE OR TERRITORY. RATIO OF WHITE CIIILDREN- UNDER 16 TO ALL WHITE FEMALES 16 VEAKS AMD OVER. KM ' ItOO Area enumerated In 1790 1.9 1 New England 1.7 8 Maine 2.1 l.t 2.3 1.6 LS 1.C ZO 0.8 as Vermont OlO a8 Rhode Island as Connecticut OlS Middle states 1 New York 2.1 3.0 2.1 2.0 2.0 0.9 New Jersey 1 ) 1 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.2 2.3 Z* 2.6 2.7 1.0 Virginia and West Virginia L4 North Carolina I.S 1.4 Georgia 1.4 1.4 L4 Comparison of the ratios shown in this table for 1790 and 1000 reveals a variation com[)arable in extent with that shown in Table 3.5. An average of nearly 2 children to every white female of mature years in 1790 declined to an average of 1 in 1900, or half as great for the entire area considered. In all 106 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. the New England states, and in New York, the average was less than 1 in 1900. The significance of this subject is so great that it will be appropriate to point out the conditions which prevailed in 1850 and 1900 in continental United States and in individual states. Tadle 38.-RATI0 OF WHITE CHILDREN TO ALL WHITE FEMALES 16 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1850 AND 1900. STATE OR TEREITORT. Continental United States Area enumerated in 1790 New England Maine New liampsMre Vermont Massachusetts Rliode Island Connecticut Middle states New Yorlc New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Southern states Maryland and District of Columbia Virginia and West Virginia North Carolina South (^arolina Georgia (eastern part) Kentucky Tennessee Added area Northern states Ohio Indiana I llinols Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dalcota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Southern states Georgia (western part) Florida Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Indian Territory Oklahoma Arkansas Western states Montana Wyoming Colorado ^ . . New Mexico and Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Oregon and Washington California I Excluding persons stationed abroad. » SuMlvlsion of group 15 to 19 years estimated. No state of the Union enumeratod in 1850 showed an increase, during the half century which elapsed to 1900, in the ratio of children to adult white females. Within this short period the ratio of cliildren to each 1,000 females declined from 1,600 to 1,100 for the entire United States, and from 1,400 to 1,000 in the White females 16 years and'over.= 5,376,497 3,620,445 878,777 169, 536 107, 780 95,517 335,407 48,332 122,176 920,783 137, 787 635,840 20,318 1,026,940 132,474 245,388 156,758 75,367 32,028 191,611 193,314 1,756,052 1,316,612 512. 296 237,871 2«,097 100,334 75,585 1,213 44,933 140,283 (=) CI <.') (') 413,463 97,533 10,771 104,534 67, 725 63,289 33,783 (■) (") 35,828 25, 977 (') (') (') 16,973 <2,749 (.<) 2,234 4,021 White children under 16 ycars.2 Ratio of white children to white females 16 years and over. 8,428,458 5, 088, 903 968, 798 234,873 108,632 118,583 332,988 50,270 123,452 2,364,449 1,173,119 190,801 969,870 30, 659 1,755,666 188,663 403, 250 251,542 125, 113 56,521 361,111 369,456 3,339,555 2,459,118 889,640 476, 641 402, 665 176,868 133, 184 2,291 94,532 283,297 (') (') (') (») 836,759 200,412 22,098 208.287 146,893 102, 964 73, 142 (') (') 82,963 43,678 (») C) 25,956 <5,163 W « 5,538 7,021 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2 1.6 2.2 1.5 1.9 2.5 1.7 19001 White females 16 years and over. 1,993,736 243, 124 149,330 118.318 1,019,195 150,094 313,675 5,127,096 2,496,617 610, 628 1,969,432 60,619 2,615,140 388, 125 618,013 360,471 162, 973 86, 277 515,038 448,243 11,086,653 7,916,781 1,347,828 785,402 1,483,102 759, 528 609,341 482,631 672,837 890, 534 74,807 98,724 295,832 416,215 2, 065, 284 256,699 83,066 282, 166 179,268 207,418 639, 303 73, 702 93,012 250,660 62,580 19,217 155, 298 69,940 74, 735 9,318 36,346 239,741 447,413 White Children under 16 years. 23,846,473 10, 090, 044 1,610,495 200, 792 112,987 100,857 804,612 125, 970 266,347 4.972,312 2,212,213 691,730 2,117,946 60,423 3,507,237 381,253 844,206 640,543 233,066 123, 60S 751,666 633,006 13,756,429 9,222,868 1,336,964 847, 755 1,660,114 813, 188 780, 664 668, 183 802, 660 1,095,731 128, 739 156,250 408, 226 526,394 3,272,786 374, 254 121,473 431,494 276,328 307, 120 1,057,904 134,300 161,435 416, 478 1,260,776 69,674 28,843 169, 736 105,431 118,758 9,689 60, 60S 294,310 403,826 ' Not enumerated. * Enumerated as part of Utah territory if at all. area enumerated in 1790. The two preceding tables, therefore, reveal the fact that the ratio of 1,900 children to each 1 ,000 white women for the United States in 1790 declined 300 (to 1,600) in the sixty years elapsing to 1850, and 500 (to 1,100) in the succeeding half century. How great has been the change during the century PROPORTION OF CHILDREN IN WHITE POPULATION. 107 in the proportion of children in the white population can best be reahzed by applyinn; the ratio shown in 1 900 to tiie number of white females above the age of 16 in 1790. and the ratio shown in 1790 to the number of white females 16 years of age and over in 1900. NUMBEB OF WHITE CHILDREN UXDEK 10 YEARS OF AGE. 1790 1900 AREA. Actual number. On basis of ratio shown for continen- tal I'nlted States in 1900. number would have been— Actual number. On basis ot ratio shown In 1790, num- ber would have been — Continental United States . . . 1,553,260 884,495 23,846,810 39,563.953 Area enumerated In 1790 1,553,260 884,495 10.090,044 13,756,700 18.498,347 Changes in the ratio of white children to adult white fe- males, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. — The enumeration of the inliabitants of New York city in 170.3 specified the number of white females and the number of white children of both sexes. This fact makes possible a computation, for one representative community, of the proportion of cliildren to white females at one of the earliest enumerations made in British North American territory. The ratio of white children of both sexes to wliite females 16 j-ears of age and over, as indicated by this census, was 1.9. Of even greater interest is the partial enumeration of New York colony made in 1712-1714. The returns of this census cover all counties except Queens, al- though the returns for Kings and Richmond counties give only the total population, and Albany, Dutchess, and Ulster counties were not returned at all until 1714. The detailed returns of this census cover the entire white population in even greater detail than was shown at the First Census of the United States. The proportion of white children under 16 years of age to white females 16 years of age and over, for the coun- ties reported in detail, is given in Table 39. The results of the New York censu.'^cs of 1703 and 1712 lead to the conclusion that at this period in the history of the colony there were about 2 wliite cliil- dren to each adult white female. It is probable that at this early period there was little variation in the conditions prevaihng in the different colonies; most of the inhabitants were engaged in agricultural pursuits, and there was practically no urban population in the modern sense of the term. Tliis uniformity of condi- tions, together with the fact that even as late as 1790 the ratio of wliite cliildren to wlute women varied but httle in the different states and geographic divisions, suggests the inference that throughout the eighteenth century, and in all the British American colonies, there were approximately 2 white children to each adult wliite female. This inference accords with the fact that the economic and social conditions of the colonies remained substantially unchanged during that period. It also serves to emphasize strikingly, by contrast, the change wliich occurred in the United States during the nineteenth century in the ratio of white cliildren to adult white females. Table HO.—Iiatio of white children under 16 years of age to white female* 16 years of age and over in New York, by counliet: 171 1. While feiniiles Hi years aneriod. The addition of a great body of names originating in countries other than Great Britain tcmls to reduce tlie prominence of Enghsh names, as the proportion contributed by such names decreases. It is true that many of tlie names so ad-, Thornberry, Dewberry, Fortuneberrv, Flyberry, Iluckelberry, Rasberry, Winterberry, Wineberry, llottenberry. Nuts. — Nut, Chestnut, Walnut, Ilickrynut. Tfearter.— Weathers, Dry, Damp, Pleasant, Dismal, Sprinkle, Shower, Rains, Storms, Gales, Simoon, Hail, Slush, Freeze, Bliz- zard, Coldair. Beasts.— lloTBC, Hoss, Hossies, Colts, Trotter, Mules, Kicks, Ox, Bulls, Cows, Heifer, Redheifer, Calf, Middlecalf, Goat,s, Sheep, Lamb, Cats, Leathercat, Moutog. THE OCEAN AND MARITIME SUBJECT.*. Seas, Billows, Bays, Breeze, Ship, Sloop, Barge, Bigraft, Ancher, Shoals, Sails, Bunks, Commodore, Mariner, Shipboy, Swab. WAR. War, Battle, Campaign, Fight, Fightmaster, Cannon, Boom,Gun.s, Trigger, Shot^j, Pistol, Shoots, Swords, Banner, Bugle, Bugler, Fort, Officer, Booty, Treason, Prison. DEATH .\Nn VIOLENCE. Death, Deadman, Hearse, Vaults, Tombs, Moregraves, Duel, Murder, Demon, Ghost, Mummy. Months, Weeks, Shortday, Nights, Hour, Winter, Midwinter, August, Yesterday, Tewday, Allday, Alwavs, Friday, Sunday, Monday, Lunch, Supper, Goodnight, Clock, Bells, Christma-s, Easter. UNUSUAL COMBINATIONS OF COMMON NOUNS. Becrstickcr, Cathole, Churning, Clampit, Clapsaddle, Clinkscalee, Cockledress, ColdHesh, Crackbone, Drips, Flybaker, Fryover, Galli- vant, Getstrap, G(X)dbit, Goosehorn, Gravtracks, ILigniire, Honey- comb, Uungerpealer, Huntsucker, Icebra.»s, I.iptrot, Livergafl, Lookinbill, Milksack, Moonshine, Partneck, Potkerpine, Reed- hovel, Scoot, Shamback, Sharpneck, Silvemail, Slappy, Spits- noggle, Splitstone, Slophell, Strad35 ao" 97 148 231 7 « 1,304 l»4 209 884 289 146 loao Maine 96.107 141.112 85.072 373. 187 64.670 232,236 314. 3G6 423.373 208.649 442.117 289.181 140. 178 a4 5.0 ao las 2.3 &3 11.2 15.1 7.4 15.7 ia3 5.0 89. M5 132.726 81,149 334,528 62,079 223.437 245.901 249,656 175.265 375.799 240.309 115,480 as 5.7 as 15.1 2.6 9..i 10. 5 ia6 7.5 16.0 10 2 4.9 4.154 6.048 2.562 13,435 1.976 6.425 io.o:m 49,567 13.562 31,391 32,388 16,447 2.2 as 1.4 7.1 1.0 a4 5.3 26.3 7.2 1&6 17.2 8.7 1.334 1.346 597 3,732 459 1.589 2. .525 8.614 5,008 8.842 6.651 3.576 ao ao 1.3 8.4 1.0 a6 5.7 las 11.3 2ao 15.0 &1 279 1.13 428 373 19 2.Vt 50.600 2.623 209 884 578 219 a5 a3 as 0.7 0) OS 89.4 4.6 a4 1.6 1.0 a4 US 142 153 746 88 512 2.424 2,341 1,460 2,653 868 1,882 a9 1.1 l.l S.6 a7 a8 18.1 17.5 lag 19.8 6.5 14.1 436 a;i 44 i.i a.0 New Ham|»tiire Zi 3S 75 33 4 1.103 110,357 12.310 21.W>4 8.097 2,343 {:^ a7 7a s 7.9 las 5.3 1.5 as Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New York 87 9 6 385 21 036 5.4 a7 a4 31.0 1.7 sa4 &0 aa 3a.3 Pennsylvania Maryland Virpnia' North Carolina South Carolina S.4 2ai 1 85 ai e.8 7.5 as > Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 76292—09 9 > Source o( data explained on page 119. Diagram 1 1,-DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION OF STATES ACCORDING TO NATIONALITY: 1790. MAINE NEW HAMPSHIRE VERMONT MASSACHUSETTS RHODE ISLAND CONNECTICUT NEW YORK PENNSYLVANIA MARYLAND VIRGINIA NORTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROLINA NATIONALITY 119 NATIONALITY IN THE STATES AND TERRITORIES FOR WHICH SCHEDULES ARE MISSING. Reference has already been made to the fact that analysis of nationality at the Plrst Census is necessarily limited to the sciiedules which are still in existence. In the case of Virtjinia, proportions of the population rep- resented by the dillerent nationalities were obtained by utilizing the returns of the state enumerations made in 17.82 to 17S5 (covcrin -^ / LL \ V f\ J^'—^ GERiVlAN /^ V^X^ V / V \jnfi :/W uj!i ^ \j^ J _ /" /^ ' ^ \r^ - jj Q] LMS TH»» . «» CEHT ^JTO.OPMC£NT ^g . O TO 51 Pt» CENT g^ J6 TO 50 PEB CENT I 50 PER CENT AND OVER NATIONALrrV. 123 Table 50.-WHITE POPULATION OF HARTFORD COINTY, CO.N.N., AND OF rOLl'MBIA COrXTY \ Y CI ASSIFIFH BY NATIONALITY AS INDICATED BY NAMES OF HEADS OF iSlUES iS^ AND 1900 ' "'^^'''"^^ NATIONAUTY. All nationalities. British English. Scotch . . Irish.... Dutch French German . . , Another*. > Principally French Canadian. HAKTroBD COUNTY, COMN. 17S0 Population. 37,498 37,429 36,239 956 234 21 42 Per cent distribu- tion. 100.0 99.8 96.6 2.6 0.6 0.1 ai (•) 1900 Population. 192,108 134,860 75,891 7,300 51,869 576 ■6,532 23,4.37 28,703 Percent distribu- tion. 100.0 OOLVMBU OODNTT, K. T. 1790 Population 25,811 IMO Percent distrlbu- Population, tlon. 41,779 70.2 39.4 3.8 27.0 0.3 3.4 12.2 13.9 20,847 20,183 521 143 4,710 118 102 34 I 80.8 I 29,852 78.2 2.0 0.6 182 0.5 0.4 0.1 22,998 1,337 5,517 2,642 762 7,196 1,337 Percent distrlbu. tlon. 71.4 65.0 3.2 13.2 6.3 1.8 17.2 3.2 •Includes Hungarians, Italians, Roumanians, Russians, Scandinavians, etc. In Hartford county tlio population, wliich in 1790 was almost exclusively British, shows a reduction in that respect of nearly one-third in 1900 in favor of other nationalities: while within the British element the English stock, which completely overshadowed the other two elements in 1790 has shrunk to scarcelj^ more than one-third, but tlie Irish has greatly in- creased. Indeed, the increase in the latter element represents a change from not more than 500 in 1790 (including the Scotch-Irish) to more than 50,000 in 1900. It Ls worthy of note also that the British ele- ment, which in 1790 was much greater in Hartford county than in Columbia, has decreased to approxi- mately 70 per cent in both; ami other changes, such ■ Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. as the increase in German and other nationalities in the community at the expense of the British element as a whole, and increase in the Irish stock at the expense of the English or original stock, have also been characteristic of both counties. The changes indicated in these 2 counties are in- teresting, and probably are typical of the ciianges which have been in progress in all the Northern states in the original area. SLAVEHOLDING, BY NATIONALITY. The average number of slaves per family for the several nationalities is shown in the following table: Table 51 — NUMBER OF WIUTE FA.MILIES, SLAVEHOLDING AND NONSLAVEHOLDIXG, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO NATIONALITY, WITH NUMBER OF WHITE PERSONS AND OF SLAVES REPORTED FOR SUCH FAMILIES: 1790. WHITE rAHIUES. WHTTE PEKSONS. SLATES. NATIONAUTY. Total number. Slave- holding. Konsla\-e- bolding. Per cent slavehold- Ing families formed of all Total number. Average number per family. Total number. Average number slave- holding Number per 100 of all tamiUu. All nationalities 405,475 47.064 357,311 11.8 2,324,339 5.7 311,919 6.6 77 English and Welsh 336,651 27,250 6.285 9,399 1,913 23,300 213 464 38,146 4,362 962 2,625 589 871 33 76 298,505 22.888 5,323 6,774 1,324 22,429 180 388 11.3 16.0 15 3 27.9 ' 30.8 3.7 15.5 16.4 1,933.218 153.458 34.0S9 55.006 10.444 133.032 1,198 2,734 5.7 iO 65 69 65 6.7 66 5.9 258,684 27,570 6.578 8.906 6,567 3,079 157 378 as 6.3 6.8 3.4 U.l 3.6 4.8 S.0 77 Scotch 101 Irish .. . ... 105 Dutch 96 343 German ... 13 74 Another 81 It is necessary, in consulting the foregoing table, to bear in mind the fact that in some instances the pro- porlioas are misleading. It will be observed that the average number of slaves por family are largest for families of French origin. This is accounted for by the fact that the total number of families of obviously French origin in the United States was small, and that a large proportion of such families were located in South Carolina, the state in which the average number of slaves per family was highest. It is not surprising, therefore, that the French families led in the proportion which slaveholding families formed of total families — nearly one-third were slaveholders. This nationality, lu)wevor, was closely followed by 124 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. the old Dutch famihes of New York, who still con- tinued to possess slaves at the period under consider- ation. It is significant that the smallest proportion is sho^vn b}" the GermaiLs, who even at this early period were obviously opposetl to slave ownership. Had the proportion of slaves for the entire white population of the United States in 1790 been the same as it was for the German element, the aggregate num- ber of slaves at the First Census would have been but 52,520, instead of approximately 700,000. XII. INTERSTATE MIGRATION. ANALYSIS OF POPULATION ACCORDING TO GEOGRAPHIC DIVI- SION OF RESIDENCE AND OF BIRTH— DECREASE IN CONTRIBU- TION OF ORIGINAL AREA TO POPULATION OF ADDED AREA. Facilities for transportation to all parts of the Union are so great that the inhabitants of one sec- tion are able to migrate to another, even at great distance, with comparatively small expenditure, in- convenience, or delay. In consequence many per- sons change their place of abode so freely that in every state reside natives of practically every other state of the Union. Classification of the white population, by nativity and parentage is possible only for 1890 and 1900; but the returns, though covering only one decade, prove of interest when further classified as for the area enu- merated in 1790 and the added area. The following summary analyzes the native white population of native parentage in continental United States accord- ing to areas of residence ami of birth : NATIVE WHITE POPtJLATION OF NATIVE PAR- ENTAGE BORN IN SPECIFIED AREA. ABEA OF KESinENCE. United States.i Area enu- merated In 1790. State or Added territory area.i of bIrtb unknown. 1S90 Continental United States. . 34.358,348 18,884,378 16,217,257 256,713 16,458.185 17,900,163 16,077,2l-.8 2,807,110 287.409 14,929,848 93.508 Added area 163,205 1900 Continental United States. . 40,949,362 21,037,083 19,772,003 140,270 Area enumerated In 1790 Added urea 18,926,020 22,023,342 18,435,940 1 440.927 2,601,1.43 1 19.331,070 49,153 91,123 1 > IncluciinK persons bom In Alaska, Hawaii, Philippine Islands, and Porto Rico; persons born at sea under the United States Hag; and American cltliens lx)m abroad. The natives of the original area outnumbered those of the added area by more than 3, .500, 000 persons in 1890, and by about 1,250,000 in 1900. The natives of the two sections are thus tendmg toward equality in numbers. Of greater significance is the change apparently in progress in the number of persons born in one area and resident in tlie other. The heavy contribution of the original area to the population of the added area decreased, while the much smaller contribution of the added area to the original area increased, and by approximately the same number as the falling off shown by the original area. It can not be assumed that the change here noted as in progress in 1000, in comparison with similar returns for 1S90, has lieen of long duration; the large number of persons shown in 1900 as l)orn in the older states and resident in the newer is tlie living aggregate of the generous decennial contribution b}- the original states to the upbuilding of innumerable communities in the South and Southwest. This contribution must have increa.sed, witli little interruption, for many years; while, on tlie other hand, the number of persons bom in the added area and resident in the original area must have been almost negligible in number even so late as 1.880. The rather significant change here indi- cated prompts further anah'sis by geographic divi- sions in Tables 52 and 53. In 1890 approximatel}' one-tenth as many persons born in the added area were resident in the area enumerateti in 1790 as were born in the latter area and resided in the former; by 1900 the ratio had changed to approximately one-sixth, as a result of marked increase (amounting to nearly one-half) in the number of persons born in the added area and residing in the original area. All of the 3 geographic divi- sions of the added area contributed iiureasingly of their native born to the population of the original area. The change here shown is confirmed by an exami- nation of the per cent distril)ution tif the residents of each area according to birth|)lace. The proportion of the native whites of native parentage born in each divi- sion of the area enumerated in 1790 and living in each division of the added area was less in 1900 than in lS!tO; on the other hand, the proportion living in each divi- sion of the area enumerated in 1790 and born in the Northern states of the added area iiKTeased. and the corresponding proportions for the Southern and West- ern states of the added area either increased or re- mained stationary. In observing the percentages of int rease given below, it should be remembered that the increase of popula- tion born in the area of residence is natural increase, while the only .source of increase of migrant population is continued inimigraticm. The larger the number of persons already in the class, the larger must be the loss tlirough death aiul the consequent requirement for new arrivals to make good the decrease thus occa- sioned. (125) 126 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. T.BT 5-' -NATIVE WHITE POPULATION OF NATIVE PARENTAGE LIVING IN SPECIFIED GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS ■- ^- '"'}--..":.. ^ „ DISTRIBUTED ACCORDING TO GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION OF BIRTH: 1890 OF THE AREA ENUMERATED IN 1790, AND 1900. NATIVE WHITE POPtlLATlON OF NATIVE PARENTAGE LIVING IN SPECIFIED GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS OF THE AREA ENUMERATED IN 1790. Number. Per cent distribution. GE0GR.U"I1IC DIVISION OF BIRTH. Area enumer- ated in 1790. New England. Middle states. Southern states. Area enumer- ated in 1790. New England. Middle states. Southern states. 1890 I'ulted States 16,364,677 2,422.429 6.508,486 7,433,762 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Continental Inited Stales 16,362,866 2,421,697 6.507,517 7,433.652 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 16,077,268 285,698 2,400,690 21,007 6,422,837 84,680 7,253,741 179,911 98. 2 1.7 99.1 0.9 98.7 1.3 97.6 Added area 2.4 211,295 67.409 6,894 1,811 17,299 1,720 1,988 732 76,285 5,110 3,285 969 117,711 60, 579 1,621 110 1.3 0.4 C) 0.7 0.1 0.1 1.2 0.1 0.1 (') 1.6 0.8 (') (') 1900 United States 18,876,867 2.500,345 1 7,498,970 8,877,552 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Continental United States 18, 862, 177 2,493,559 | 7,491,938 8,876,680 99.9 99.7 99.9 100.0 18,435,940 426,237 2,460,114 33,445 7,347,966 143,972 8,627,860 248,820 97.7 2.3 98.4 1.3 98.0 1.9 97.2 Added area 2.8 313,784 98,822 13,631 14,690 27,474 2.464 3,507 6,786 128, 784 8.298 6.890 7,032 157, 526 88,060 3,234 872 1.7 0.5 0.1 0.1 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 1.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.8 1.0 C>) (') ■ Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Table 53.— NATIVE WHITE POPULATION OF NATIVE PARENTAGE LIVING IN SPECIFIED GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS OF THE ADDED AREA WITHIN CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES, DISTRIBUTED ACCORDING TO GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION OF BIRTH: 1890 AND 1900. NATIVE WHITE POPULATION OF NATIVE PARENTAGE LIVING IN SPECIFIED GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS OF THE ADDED AREA WITHIN CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES. Number. Per cent distribution. GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIO.X OF BIRTH. Added area within continental United States. Northern states. Southern states. Western states. Added area within conti- nental United States. Northern states. Southern states. Western states. 1S90 United States... . 17,736,958 12,148,750 4,131,477 1,456,731 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Continental United States 17,733,492 12, 146, 159 4,131,309 1 1,456,024 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,807,110 1,859,533 645,750 301,827 15.8 15.3 15.6 20.7 311,811 1,172,475 1,322,824 14,926,382 3,466 222, 608 998,878 638,047 10,286,626 2,591 11,287 31,518 602, 945 3,485,559 168 77,916 142,079 81,832 1,154,197 707 1.8 6.6 7.5 84.2 (>) 1.8 8.2 5.3 84.7 0) 0.3 0.8 14.6 84.4 5.3 Middle states 9.8 Southern states 5 6 79.2 Outlying districts {') 1900 United States 21,932,219 14,094,381 5,840,231 1,997,607 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 Continental United States 21,914,451 14,082,591 5,839,063 1,992,797 99.9 99.9 100.0 99 8 Area enumerated in 1790 2,601,143 1,508,299 721,626 311,218 11.9 11.1 12.4 New England 245, 609 999,810 1,355,724 19,313,308 17,768 161,991 818, ass 587,623 12,514,292 11,790 10,411 35,864 675,351 5,117,437 1,168 73,207 145,261 92, 750 1,681,579 4,810 1.1 4.6 6.2 88.1 0.1 1.1 5.8 4.2 88.8 0.1 0.2 0.6 11.6 87.6 (') 3 7 Middle states Soutlieru states 4 6 Added area 84.2 0.2 Outlying districts...-. 1 Less than ono-tenth of 1 per cent. INTERSTATE MIGRATION. 127 The percentages of increase from 1890 to 1000 in the native white por.son.s of native parentage Hving in the area enumerated in 1700 and in tiie added area, are as follows : PER CENT or INCREASE, 1890 TO 1900, FOB NATIVE WHITE POPULATION OP NATIVE PARENTAGE LIVING IN THE AREA ENU- GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION OF BIRTil. CU IN 1(»0. Total. New England. Middle stales. Southern states. I'nltcd Stales 15.4 3.2 15.2 19.4 Continental United States 15.3 14.7 49.2 3.0 15.1 19.4 .\rea enumeratod in 1790 2.5 59.2 14.4 70.0 18.9 38.3 .\ddc 1860 > ]$;o 1880 1890! 1900 Continental United States 2,244,602 4,138,697 5,567,229 6,679,943 9,249,547 10,341,276 Area enumerated in 1790 1,466,806 2,264,121 2,7ia.l97 3.055.088 4,153,155 5,022.989 ,306,249 469,330 648,001 793,612 1,142,432 1,445.237 31,825 14,265 33,715 164,024 23,902 38,518 1.024,547 37,453 20,938 32, 743 260,106 37,394 80,696 1,563,740 48,881 29,611 47,155 353,319 55,390 113,039 1,881.741 58.883 46,294 40.959 443. 491 73,993 129,992 2,030,376 78,961 72, 340 44,088 657,137 106,305 183,601 2,758,906 93,330 88.107 44. 747 846.324 134.519 238,210 Middle states 3,331,369 New York 655,929 59,948 303, 417 6,253 136,010 1,001,280 122,790 430, 505 9,165 231,051 1,138,353 188,943 545,309 9,136 235, 455 1,211,379 221.700 687.829 9,468 231.100 1,571,050 328,975 845,720 13,161 251,817 1,900,425 431,884 985,250 13,810 246,383 M'-irvIiinrl nnt\ Dktript ni f/iliiTTihin 58, 176 22,985 2,581 8,707 0,488 31,420 5,653 777,796 90,013 35,058 3,298 9,986 11,671 59, 799 21,226 1,874,576 99,666 30,845 3,029 8,074 11.127 63.398 19,316 2, 802. 032 99, 928 32.961 3.742 7,686 10.564 59,517 16,702 3, 624, 855 113,066 37,257 3,702 6,270 12.137 59,356 20,029 5,096,392 114.053 Virginia and West Virginia 41,912 4.492 South Carolina 5.528 12.403 50,249 Tennessee* 17,746 5,318,287 ' Corrected fiEures as Kiven in Ninth Census Report on Population, Table iv. 2 Exclusive o( Indian Territory and Indian reservations. 3 Entire state. * Designated as "Southwest Territory ' ' in 1790 Census Report. Beginning with a total foreign born population of approximately 2,250,000 in 1850, the number had more than quadrupled by 1900. Approximately two- thirds of the foreign born enumerated at the census of 1850 were reported as residing in the area enum- erated at the First Census, the remaining one-third being scattered in the great extent of country com- prised in the newer states and territories. The rela- tionship thus indicated changed with great rapidity at the succeeding censuses. (128) YEAB. DISTRIBUTION OF THE TOTAL FOR- EIGN BORN. Original area. Added area. 1850 .. 65.3 54.7 49.7 45.7 44.9 48.6 34.7 1860 45.3 1870 50.3 1880 54.3 1890 65.1 1900 61.4 FOREIGN BORN POPULATION. 129 By 1870 the added area contained a slight majority of all the foreign born reported at that census. This proportion increased during the ne.xt twenty years. In 1S90 the number of foreign born persons in the added area exceeded the number in the original area by more than 900,000, but the proportions for 1900 suggest that a decided change was in progress. Should the Thir- teenth Census show the same rates of change for both areas as were shown from 1890 to 1900, the area enumerated in 1790 will once more report an excess of the foreign born population. Di.\i;HAM 12. — Foreign horn population of area enumerated in 1790 and of added area: 1S50 to 1900. i ..... --' t > / o'^"' // / / A / / / / / 3 • • • • / ^^'"^ ;^ • ^^ I A • • • ,/ / / / / / / / / / / Table 54 offers clear evidence of the change in the character of population which is in progress in the area enumerated at the First Census. Although the in- crease maintained is apparently gratifying, much of it is due to accessions of foreigners. T.arge numbers of immigrants arriving in the United States remain in the seaboard cities or in the older states, attracted by the magnitude of industrial operations and the dense population. It has already been shown that the proportion of children in the older sections of the Republic is lower than elsewhere; hence, while the inhaljitants of the older states continue to increase in number to a degree which gratifies local pride, the composition of the population appears to be under- going a comparatively rapid change. There is another aspect of this subject, however, which in some respects is even more significant. The Southern states forming a part of the original area, as already pointed out for the entire group, have been practically silent partners so far as the subject of for- eign born population is concerned. In 1850, out of a total foreign element in the area enumerated in 1790 of approximately 1,500,000, but i:J3,961 were reported by the Southern states. Thus practically the entire contribution of foreign born at the census mentioned was made by the New England and Middle states. Fifty years later, in 1900, persons of foreign birth con- tinued practically a negligible element in the Southern states, while in the centers of population which had reported them at the earlier period their number had increased to nearly 5,000,000. Therefore the comparison made in the previous pages is in reality a comparison not of the contribution of foreign i)orn residing in the original area, but of the number residing in a portion of that area, with the number reported b}- all of the states and territories erected after the First Census. Subdivision of the original area into 3 geographic divisions reveals the following propor- tions at 3 census periods: PER CENT DI9TKIBUTION or THE FOREIGN BOKH POPULATION. 1860 1880 1900 United States 100.0 100.0 100.0 65.3 4S.7 48.6 13.6 4S.6 «.! 34.7 11.9 30.4 3.4 M.3 14.0 Middle states 32.2 Southero states 2 4 Added area SI 4 In each of the 2 decades here shown the Southern states have reported a very small and decreasing pro- portion of the total foreign element. On tiie other hand, the New England and Middle states together reported 59. 3 per cent of all the foreign born in the United States in 1850, 42.3 per cent of all in 1880, and 46.2 per cent of all in 1 900. It must be remem- bered that these proportions relate to a total fi>reign boni population which ([uadrupled in the half century under consideration. Table 55.— -Vumftfr offortign bom in every 1,000 of the total white population: 18S0 to 1900. OBIOINAL AREA. YEAR. Total. New England and 1 Ulddle states. Soutb- eni stales. Added araa.> lis 147 1» 143 163 164 ! ISS 1« 207 ; 196 235 229 32 47 43 33 31 25 lis 1«0 172 isso 1S9 169 1900 143 • Computed on the basis of the total white population o( that nart of coi ncntal UnltiHl States not Included In the original area; jiopulallon of Indian Toi ton- and Indian rrs 1810 1840 liM 1860 UnitedStates 697,624 893.602 1,191,362 1,538,022 2,006,043 2,487,355 3,204,3U 3,053,760 097,624 889,804 1,122,110 1,341,718 1,577,105 1,009,105 1,842,570 1,075,808 New England 3,703 1,339 418 14S 48 23 Maine 2 3 New Hampshire 157 8 1 Vermont Massachusetts 1 17 25 6,024 Rhode Island 958 2,648 45,210 380 951 41,184 108 310 30,840 48 97 22,365 5 >17 3,347 Connecticut Middle states 2,526 1,818 21,193 11,423 3,707 8,887 048,651 20,903 12.422 1,706 6,153 847,281 15,017 10,851 795 4,177 1,090,852 10.088 7,557 211 4,509 1,319,208 75 2,254 403 3,292 1,571,033 4 674 64 2,605 1,605,735 New Jersey 236 •18 Delaware 2,200 1,840,044 1,798 1,073,068 103,036 287,959 4,008 100,783 107,094 29,204 12,430 3,417 •107,707 •339.796 7,172 133,290 UO, 151 59,232 40,343 13,584 3,798 •115,056 •383,521 10,836 1&S,824 190,305 91,154 80,561 44,635 69,252 •111,917 •411, SSO 15.119 204,917 258,475 110,055 126,732 80,107 196,304 ■ 107. 499 •4:>3,r/)8 17,1,73 245, Wl 315.401 124, Mb 185.213 141,003 431,938 •93,057 •43I.K7:i 18,4SX 245,817 3'.'7,a38 124, 145 1«,258 183,059 878,250 94,055 452,028 20,500 288,548 384,984 149,489 210,981 239,450 1,361,743 00,374 472,494 18,371 331 059 Virginia* 402,406 158,080 225,483 275 719 1,977,958 3,798 31,581 115,401 277,182 605,890 884,915 1,175,829 135 429 1,107 788 348 6 3 747 1 •31 276,394 3 3 331 Indiana 28 •107 237 108 24 190 917 11 605,542 3,663 31,152 114,294 884,915 1,175,829 174 '494 2,995 14,064 •2,565 14,523 37,671 39,601 41,879 32,814 80,903 93,186 117,549 05,659 139,25.5 150,799 253,532 195,211 240,627 232,103 342,844 300,878 379.331 304,118 435,000 430,031 557,772 1 34,660 '•136 "2,875 69,064 1,617 10,222 109.588 4.570 25,091 15,501 108,452 19,935 58,240 25,717 244.809 47,100 87,422 39,310 331,726 111.115 114,931 First enumerated In 1S30 61,745 15,501 25,717 16 30,310 61,745 ........ ..^. ■.....•.. I Wfl I 16 1 68,187 182.505 t 26 58,161 29 182,566 First enumerated In 18G0 17 i 15 1 2 r ■ » Exclusive of 37 slaves captured In the slaver Amistad. ' Colored apprentices (or IKe, liy the act to aliollsh slavery passed .\prii 18. 1846. Iriac " .-."." ,--.---1-- i . .#.%.- r.,-. • Ale.tandrla ooimtv, which fro:n 180O to 1S40. Inclusive, formed a part of the District of Columbia, Is here Included with V'lrglnla, for comparative purposes. I The totals for the counties which In 1803 and 1806 were set ofl from Virginia to form West Virginia are here shown separately, becauseof the marked dinerBiM ,»i,>i .o™ -o.o .,»»>/,» ..V.UA ... ™.-™ .^ ^ -■ leranoe b«tw«en the 2 states with respect to slavery. ' Reported as lor Randolph county, Indiana territory. ' Reported as (or nruwn, Crawford, and Iowa counties. Michigan territory. ' Reported as for \V:ishlngton county. Mississippi territory. " Reported as for Baldwin, Madison, and WasfunRton counties. Mississippi territory. j„„,,u. i«„i.i»,.. i.„r,.h»o« ,»hieh wfi.iirmrr«nlMyl « In 1810 Louisiana was called " Orleans territory." and th then called Louisiana territory. '^"I'R™p'^^'ted""aL^o■r Cape Girardeau, New Madrid, St. Charles, St. Louis, and St. Oenevleve districts In the unorganiied territory then called " Louisiana twrltory." Compare with note 9. As the cultivation of tobacco by slave labor became somewhat less profitable in the older states, the acqui- sition of territory in the far South and Southwest and the introduction and rapid expansion of cotton growing in that section made slave labor highly prof- itable in connection with this important crop. After 76292—09 10 the further importation of slaves was prohibited in 1808, the market price of negroes advanced rapidly, because of the increasing demand for their services in the cotton fields. Planters in Maryland an J Virginia found it to their pecuniary advantage either to sell slaves or to move with them farther south or into 134 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Kentucky or Tennessee. These changes resulted in a shifting of the slave population in the Southern states. In Delaware the number of slaves was greatest at the First Census, but declined steadily (except during the decade 1810 to 1820) until 1860. In Maryland the number decreased at each census but one from 1810 to 1860. The number in Virginia increased but 4 per cent from 1830 to 1860; in North Carolina, during the same period, the increase was 35 per cent, or about 1 per cent per annum. For that part of Georgia enumerated in 1790 the increase was 27.1 per cent, but the whole state showed an increase of more than 100 per cent. As reflected by percentage of increase from decade to decade, the area showing liberal increase of slave population tended to become more restricted. In 1850 and 1860 decided increase in number of slaves was practically confined to the lower South. In 1860 only Georgia, the Gulf states, Missouri, and Arkansas showed an increase exceeding 20 per cent in the number of slaves. In forty years, from 1820 to 1860, both Alabama and Mississippi recorded a tenfold increase in slave popula- tion, while the white population increased but sixfold in Alabama and eightfold in Mississippi. The number of slaves in Louisiana increased with similar rapiditj'; and in the decade from 1850 to 1860 the slave popula- tion of Texas trebled. In the following table, which presents the percent- ages of increase in slaves in all the so-called slave states during the period of slavery, the shifting of slave property to the lower South and Southwest is clearly inaicated: Table 61. — Per cent increase of the slave population of the slave states at each census: 1790 to 1S60. STATE OR TERRITORY. 1790 to 1800 1800 to 1810 1810 to 1820 1820 to 1830 1S30 to 1840 1840 to 1850 1850 to 1860 Delaware 130.8 4.5 18.6 32.3 36.5 103.0 ■32.1 6.8 13.7 26.7 34.4 77.1 7.9 12.7 8.3 21.4 31.6 42.2 127.0 13.9 10.4 19.9 22.0 45.4 120.9 113.4 14.5 0.1 3.7 29.2 66.9 10.3 29.3 115.7 197.3 63.7 335.6 112.1 1.1 4.9 17.4 17.7 35.9 52.9 15.8 30.8 35.2 58.7 46.3 136.3 121 5 Uarvland^. 13.9 Nortli Carolina South Carolina Georgia^. 14.7 4.5 21.1 57 1 Florida Kentucky 224.6 297.5 99.7 227.8 419.2 384.9 57.3 79.9 1,632.7 125.9 99.3 1,089.0 30.4 76.8 180.7 100.1 68.7 183.0 6.9 15.1 26.9 40.9 35.5 135.9 213 9 Tennessee Mississippi Louisiana ^ Texas Missouri ' 255.5 145.5 132.1 50.1 31.5 1 Decrease. 2 Includes District of Columbia. 3Kntirestate. < HcporU'd as for Wasliington county, Mississippi tcrritorv. in 1800, and as for Baldwin, Madison, and Washington countic-s. Mississippi territory, in 1810. ^Called "Orleans territiiry" in 1SI((. Sec Table 60, note 9. « Ueportcd in 1810 us (oi'"selUements of Hope Field and St. Francis" and for "settlements on the .\rliansas " in the unorganlwd territory then called " Louisiana territory." ' Keported in ISlOas for Cape Girardeau, New Madrid.St. Charles, St. Louis and St. Genevieve districts, in the unorganized territory then called "Louisiana territory." Comparison of the increase in the number of slaves in the original and added area and the proportion con- tributed by each, reflects the progress of settlement of the younger slave states, and their constant increase in proportionate importance as slaveholders. Table 62. — Per cent increase and proportion of slaves reported in area enumerated in 1790 and in added area: 1790 to 1860. ORIGINAL AREA. ADDED AEEA. YEAR. Percent of in- crease. Proportion of total slaves. Per cent of In- crease. Proportion of total slaves. 1790 100.0 99.6 94.2 87.2 78.5 64.7 67.5 50.0 IgOO 27.5 26.1 19.6 17.5 2.0 14.5 7.2 0.4 ISIO 1.723.4 183.5 120.0 103.3 55.1 45.3 5.8 1820 12.8 1830 21.5 1840 35.3 1850 42.5 I860 . 50.0 The decennial rate of increase in the number of slaves in the original area was noticeably uniform for forty years after the First Census, but from 1830 to 1840 the increase declined to 2 per cent, a rate so small as to be practically negligible. In 1850 a con- siderable increase was reported, but in 1860 there was again an insigiuficant percentage. In general, there- fore, the uniform increase of one-fourth or one-sixth shown in the original area to 1830 decUned during the final thirty years of slavery to a small and wavering increment. Meantime the relative rank of the two areas in slaveholding was steadily changing and the Southern states in the added area were becoming more and more important as slaveholding commu- nities. The proportion of 99.6 per cent of all slaves sho\vn by the original area in 1800 had dropped to one-half by 1860. Such changing proportions mani- fest a much greater relative increase in the number of slaves in the added area than in the original area. The large earlier percentages were of course devoid of significance as indicative of natural increase, since they were principally the result of acquisition of new slave territory and the rapid settlement therein of a con- siderable slaveholding population. The rate of in- crease, however, although it dechned sharply after 1830, continued very liigli in the added area to the close of the slaveholding period. The changes here shown in the total added area suggest analysis of the increase in the number of slaves in the area added at each census after 1790. The percentages in the following summary, like those which precede, are com- puted from Table (50: DECADE. DECENNIAL PER CENT OF INCREASE rN NUMBER OF SLAVES IN AREA FIRST ENUMERATED IN— 1800 1810 1820 ISSO 1840 1850 18«0 1790 to 1800 1800 to 1810 731.6 265.4 140.2 118.6 46.1 32.9 lS10tolS20 114.8 72.1 77.1 53.8 47.0 1820 to 1830 1830 to 1840 65.9 .w a 1840 to 1860 1850tol8fi0.. R7 1 213.8 STATISTICS OF SLAVES. 135 SLAVEHOLDINO FAMILIES. In a preceding chapter which treats of families (see paf^o 9G), a presentation is made of slaveholding fami- lies in 1790, white and colored, in which the number of members and the average size of such famiUes are given. The following table presents tlie number of slavcholding families, the total number of slaves, and the average number per family, by states and terri- tories in 1790 and 1850: Table 63.— NUMBER OF SLAVEHOLDINO FAMILIES AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF SLAVES PER FAMILY BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1790 AND 1850. 1790 ISM — Slaveholdlne rumi- lles. Slaves. 1 SIsveboldInK fami- lies.' Slaves. STATE OR TERRITORY. Number. Percent oral! families. Number. Percent ] of total 1 popiila- lion. ! Number. Percent of all families. Number. Total. Average slave- holding family. Total. Avemce sbve- boldlng lamlly. Per cut of total United States 96,168 17.2 697,624 7.3 17.8 347,725 1 9.7 3,204,313 9.2 Area euamerated in 1790 94,168 17.2 697,624 7.3 17.8 214.799 9.3 1,842,570 8.6 13.6 New England 2,147 2.8 3,763 1.8 0.4 ! 1 Maine New Hampshire 123 0.5 157 1.3 0.1 Vermont : Massachusetts Rhode Island 461 I, £63 16,265 4.1 3.8 9.8 958 2,648 45,210 2.i 1.7 2.8 i.i" 1.1 4.4 Connecticut Middle states 1,009 0.1 2,526 !• ■' New York 7,796 »4,760 1,858 » 1,851 77,766 14.2 16.0 2.5 22.5 35.8 21,193 11,423 3,707 8,887 648,651 2.7 2.4 2.0 4.8 8.3 6.2 6.2 0.9 15.0 34.1 ' New Jersey 200 ■ 0.2 236 i.i' ■ ■(•■) ■ Pennsylvania Delaware 80»j ■ "6.2 213,790 1 30.3 2,290 1,840,044 2.8 8.6 2.S 31.4 Southern states Maryland and District of Columbia < 13,777 < 34,026 » 16,310 8,859 •2,419 » 1,855 •510 38.0 44.9 31.0 34.3 24.6 17.0 8.8 103,036 293,627 100,783 107,094 29,264 12,430 3,417 7.5 8.S 6.7 12.1 12.1 6.7 6.7 32.2 39.1 2».S 43.0' 35.6 ' 16.9 9.6 1 17,417 55,963 28,303 25,596 •15,062 38,385 33,864 132,926 18.3 32.9 26.8 48.4 70.3 28.9 2C.0 10.3 94,055 472,528 288,548 384,984 •149.489 210, 9S1 239, 459 1,361,743 5.4 8.6 10.2 15.0 9.9 •.6 7.1 10.2 14.8 33.2 33.2 Virginia and West Virginia North Carolina Oeorcia 54 9 '>3 9 15.8 ' Given in the rompendium of the Seventh Census, Table xc, as "slaveholders." • Less than one-tenth of 1 percent. » Kstimated. See patie l;t8. • .\IIepany, Calvert, and Somersett counties estimated. » Caswell, Granville, and Oranijc counties estimated. • Figures are for part enumerated in 1790. ' The Ogures shown as lor Tennessee in 1790 were reported as for the Southwest Territory, which had an area slightly greater than that of Tennessee. In 1790 the proportion which slaveholding families formed of all families exceeded 20 per cent in Dela- ware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Caro- lina, and Georgia, but was less th.in 20 per cent in Kentucky and much less in Tennessee. Even in New York the proportion was but little smaller than in Kentucky. In 1850 the number of slaveholding fam- ilies had become less than 20 per cent of all families in Delaware and Maryland, whereas the proportion exceeded that %ure in Kentucky and Tennessee. In only 2 states, North Carolina and South Caro- lina, was the increase in the average number of slaves per family worthy of note. Slaveholding families classified by size of holdings. — But one classification of slaveholding families accord- ing to the number of slaves held has heretofore been made at a Federal census. At the Seventh Census (1850) a tabulation of this character was prepared and printed in the Compendium, and this affords an interesting analysis of slaveholders at that period. In the following table a similar classification is made for 1790 for all states for which the schedules are still in existence. An estimate is included for Virginia, based on figures of 1782 and 1783. (See pages 137 and 138.) 136 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 64 -SLAVEHOLDING FAMILIES, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF SLAVES HELD. BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1790 AND 1850. Total number of slave- holding famiUes. NUMBER OF FAMIUES HOLDIXG— STATE OR TERUITORY. 1 slave. 2 to 4 slaves. 5 to 9 slaves. 10 to 19 slaves. 20 to 49 slaves. 50 to 99 slaves. 100 to 199 slaves. 200 to 299 slaves. 300 slaves and over. Number of slaves unknown 1130 Area for which 1700 schedules exist i 81,885 20,047 24,912 18,017 11,735 5,274 813 198 38 7 844 New England 2,147 1,332 689 113 12 1 123 401 1,563 9,654 97 255 980 4,119 24 160 505 3,534 2 45 66 1,310 1 11 193 1 2 ' Middle states 1 496 7,796 1,858 70,084 3,088 1,031 14,596 2,867 667 20,689 1,165 145 16,694 181 12 11,530 1 1 5,271 494 2 813 198 38 7 348 12,226 34,026 14,973 8,859 2,841 5,785 4, MO 1,930 3,617 9,510 4,959 2,603 2,807 8,559 3,375 1,853 1,796 6,745 1,788 1,201 713 2,998 701 859 96 342 90 285 16 75 11 96 3 12 2 21 1 336 7 6 5 1850 United States 347,725 68,998 105,703 80, 767 54,595 29,733 6,196 1,479 187 67 127,488 22,16? 37,624 31,052 22,190 11,565 2,194 572 89 38 Middle statcs< 1,009 126,479 498 21,666 372 37,252 119 30,933 20 22,170 11,565 2,194 572 89 38 Maryland and District of Columbia 17,517 55,063 28,303 25,596 87,311 132,926 5,585 11,385 1,204 3,492 19,427 27,407 5,870 15,560 9,668 6,164 28,455 39,624 3,463 13,030 8.129 6,311 20,909 28,806 1,861 9,466 5,898 4,955 12,416 19,989 657 4,880 2,828 3,200 5,380 12,788 73 646 485 990 628 3,374 7 107 76 382 82 825 1 1 3 33 3 26 Virginia 8 12 69 11 87 North Carolina Soutli Carolina . Remainder of area enumerated in 1790 ' Data not available for New Jersey, Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee. An estimate has been made for Virginia. (See page 137.) 3 Data not availrible for 3 counties. ' Estimated. Sie page 137. < As there were no slaves reported in New York or Tennsylvania in 1850, the number reported in Delaware and New Jersey is given, for purposes of comparison with the Middle states. The changes which are recorded in the interesting comparisons shown in Table — are made clear upon inspection of the changes in proportions shown in the foUowincr table: Table 65 — PER CENT DISTRIBUTION OF SLAVEHOLDING FAMILIES ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF SLAVES HELD: 1790 AND 1850. OWNERS OF- 1 slave 2 and under 5 slaves 6 and under 10 slaves 10andunder20 slaves . . . 20 and under 50 slaves . . . 60 and under 100 slaves . . 100 and under 200 slaves _ 200 and under 300 slaves . 300 slaves and over Unknown TOTAL COMPAEA- BLE AREA. 1 1790 24.5 30.4 22.0 14.3 0.4 1.0 0.2 1.0 ISSO 17.4 29.5 24.4 17.4 9.1 1.7 0.4 0.1 (') MAKTLAND AND DISTRICT OP CO- LUMBIA. 1790 23.2 29.6 23.0 14.7 6.8 0.8 0.1 (') m 2.7 1850 31.! 33. J 19.1 10.1 3.1 0.' m (>) 1790 17.0 27.9 25.2 19.8 8.8 1.0 0.2 (=) 18S0 20.7 28.2 23.7 17.2 8.9 1.2 0.2 NORTH CAROLINA. 1790 27.0 3.3.1 22.5 11.9 4.7 0.6 0.1 P) m 1850 4.3 34.2 28.7 20.8 10.0 1.7 0.3 m (») SOUTH CAROLINA. 1790 21.8 29.4 20.9 13.6 9.7 3.2 1.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 .' f "I"?!''""'^ '" 1'^'i J'^'JI ""* '*'"' England and Middle statcji for which data are available and the Southern stales here specified ' i.ess man one-tenth of 1 per cent. 1830 13.6 24.1 24.7 19.4 12.5 3.9 1.5 0.3 0.1 This analysis shows that in the comparable area prac- tically the same proportion of owners held from 2 to 4 slavesin 18.50 asin 1790. Therewas a considerable de- crease, however, in the proportion of families having only 1 slave in 1850 as compared with 1790, and an in- crease in the proportions in the groups into which those holding between 5 and 300 slaves were divided. The changes recorded by individual states for which data are available for both censuses were more marked than those for the entire area. The economic condi- STATISTICS OF SLAVES. 13i tions which prevailed in Maryland and ^■i^^;ini:l are clearly reflecled in the percentages shown in the tahle. During the period under consideration the i)roportion of slaveholders owning but 1 slave increased in these states and decreased in North Carolina and South Carolina. In 3 of the 4 states an increase appeared in the proportion of persons holding from 2 to 4 slaves. In the fourth, South Carolina , a decrease appeared. In general the percentages shown reflect the tendency in Maryland and ^'irginia to reduce slaveholdings, either because of changing industrial conditions demanding less slave labor or because of an increasmg number of more highly skilled white laborers better adapted to the increasingly exacting demands. In North and South Carolina the changes tend in the other direction, and are clearly the result of increasing dependence ujjon slave labor and of expansion of industries in which large numbers of slaves were essential to the prosperity of the community. Slaveholding families in states for' which schedules are missirig. — The total number of slavehokling fami- lies shown upon the schedules of the First Census which arc still in existence is 47,859. The total number of slaves owned by these families was 318,984, or slightly less than one-half the entire slave population of the United States in 1790. The average number of slaves held by the families reported on existing schedules as slaveholding was 6.7. If this average were applied to the total number of slaves reported, 378,640, upon the schedules which are not now in existence, the number of slaveholding families upon those schedules would appear to be 56,513. The impression at once arises that this figure is too large, for the average by which it is secured includes all the Northern states. The slave owners of that section of the Republic required slaves principally as household sei-vants, and the number owned by indi- viduals was almost always small. Only 3 persons in the Northern states owned over 20 slaves each (Elijah Mason, sr.,28 slaves, Lebanon town, Windham county. Conn.; Robert Livingston, 44 slaves, Livingston town, Columbia county, N. Y.; and Margaret Hutton, 24 slaves, Washington townsliip, Fayette county. Pa.). The average number of slaves per slaveholding family, for each state for which records are still avail- able, was as follows: AvcraRo niiinl>er of slaves STATE. IMT slave- holding family. 1.3 2.1 1.7 New York 2.7 Pennsylvania 2.0 7.5 6.7 Soutli Ciirolina 12.1 If slaveholding families in New Jersey, which lay between New York and Pennsylvania and was proba- bly subject to the same local influences, are assumed to have held an average of 2.4 slaves (the mean be- tween the average in New York and that in Poiin.syl- vania) then the total immber of slaveholding families in New Jersey approximated 4,760. Doubtless this figure is close to the actual number. In Delaware it is probable that conditions relating to slave ownership resembled more closely those which existed in Maryland than those to the north- ward, in Pennsylvania. If, however, the mean be- tween the average in these 2 states, 4.8, be accepted and utilized as the probable average in Delaware, there were in that state approximatel}' 1,851 slave- holding families. For Virginia it would not be just to estimate the number of slaves per slaveholding family from the numbers for neighboring states, since the conditions prevailing in Marylan11,586 448,216 «80,724 ■197,351 <94,418 48,007 ■13,932 ■10,742 ■2,»{S Percent ' Number of of luUil ' persons In wbiie whiteslave- popula- 1 1 holding tion. famlliea.i 17.6 2&0 36.6 38.7 44.6 32.7 34.3 26.3 17.6 9.3 1,357,700 6,751 1,140 4,611 1,351,949 99,847 313,859 101,327 145,897 219,199 318,795 193,025 Percaot of total white popula- tiOD. SIS a2 6.5 32:1 21.9 3&1 29.2 53.1 42.0 28.7 25.5 > Estimated. 'Computed on the basis of the combined white population of .New Jersey and Delaware. • Includes Di'strict of Colurahia. ■ Estimated for 3 rounlia<. RATIO OF SLAVES TO WHITE PERSONS. In the Southern states as they existed at the time of the First Census, the slaves numbered 648,651 and the whites, 1,226,057. Therefore, for every 100 whites there were 53 slaves. This proportion varied considerably in the 7 states and territories included in tliis group. The proportions of slaves to whites in 1790 and 1850, and that of negroes to whites in 1900, were as follows : Tablk 70.— ratio of SLAVES TO EVERY 100 WHITE PERSONS IN 1790 AND 1850, AND OF NEGROES TO EVERY 100 WHITE PERSONS IN 1900. 1700 1850 19M STATE OR TERRITORT. Wblte persons. Slaves. Number of slaves to every 100 white persons. White persons. Slaves. Number of slaves to every 100 white persons. White persons. Number ofnccroea Negroes, to every 100 white j persons. Continental United States 3,172,444 697.624 22 HI .Vuf.OH 2,ruo,iwo .•!.2i>i..3i;i If, iv.. son. 10<'. S. • 13 New England 992,384 3.763 ''i})' ii -.i-;.u-" i.,lf/J 1 1 \{^\x\e 06,107 141,112 85,072 373,187 64,670 232,236 954,003 581,813 317,456 313.403 985,450 143,875 363,099 5,843,163 692,226 410,791 342,771 2,769,764 419,050 892,424 15.264,839 1,319 662 826 31,974 9.093 15,236 356,618 Less than 1. 140 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 70 -R\TIO OF SLWES TO EVERY 100 WHITE PERSONS IN 1790 AND 1850, AND OF NEGROES TO EVERY 100 l^'HITE PERSONS IN 1900— Continued. 1790 1850 1900 STATB OR TERRITORY. White persons. Slaves. Number of slaves to every 100 white persons. White persons. Slaves. Number of slaves to every 100 while persons. White persons. Negroes. Number of negroes to every 100 white persons. Area enumerated in 1790— Continued. Southern states 1,226,057 648,651 53 3,817,186 1,840,044 48 8,772,956 3,541,147 40 20,S, 549 442,117 289, 181 140, 178 52,886 61,133 31,913 103,036 292, 627 100,783 107,094 29,264 12,430 3,417 49 66 35 76 55 20 11 455,884 894,800 653,028 274,503 120,662 761,413 756,836 7,187,624 94,056 472,628 288,548 384,984 149,489 210,981 239,459 1,361,743 21 63 52 140 124 28 32 19 1,143,956 2,108,088 1,263,603 557,807 297,007 1,862,309 1,540,186 37,244,376 321,766 704,221 624, 469 782,321 343,421 284, 706 480,243 4,877,130 28 Vireinia* 33 49 140 116 16 31 Added area 13 Northern states.. 5,207,988 87, 422 2 25, 775, 870 495,751 2 Obio 1,955,050 977, 154 846, 034 395,071 304,766 6,038 191,881 592,004 4,060,204 2,458,502 4, 734, 873 2,398,563 2,067.911 1,737,036 2,218,667 2,944,843 311,712 380,714 1,056,526 1,416,319 7,595,037 96,901 57,505 85,078 15,816 2,542 4,959 12,693 161,234 286 465 6,269 52,003 4,351,126 2 Indiana Ttlinok 2 2 KfifhiVftn 1 (') (') 1 87,422 16 5 North Dakota \^ 1 ................ ..-..|.. ........ 4 1,742,059 1,274,295 73 57 Georgia (western part) 400,910 47,203 426,614 296,718 256.491 154,034 232,193 39,310 342,844 309,878 244,809 58,161 58 83 80 105 96 38 884,287 297,333 1,001,152 641,200 729,612 2,426,609 302,680 367,524 944, 580 3,873,468 691,392 230,730 827,307 907,630 650,804 620, 722 36,853 18,831 366,856 30,264 78 78 83 Mississippi . 142 89 Texas 26 12 Oklahoma 5 Arkansas i 162, 189 177, .577 47, 100 26 29 (') 39 Western states 1 1 220,283 89,051 529,046 180,207 92,903 272, 405 35,405 154,495 4%, 304 394.. 582 1,402,727 18,790,609 1,523 940 8,570 1.610 1,848 672 134 293 2,514 1,105 11,045 8,028,619 Colorado 1 2 61,359 160 11,330 Arizona 2 Utah 26 w Nevada Washington 1,049 12,038 91,035 6,222,418 Oreeon ! (=) California Total Jor slave states " 1,272,367 657,538 52 3,204,051 51 43 i Includes District of Columbia. » Includes West Virginia. ' Less than 1. 'Delaware, Maryland (including District of Columbia), Virginia (including West Virginia), North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Kentucty, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Missouri, and Arkansas, . <= . . j . . There were fewer slaves to every 100 white persons in 1850 than in 1790 in the United States and in every state north of North Carolina; but in the other states of the original area the proportion increased. The increase was particularly heavy in South Carolina, where there were nearly twice as many slaves to every 100 of the white population in 1850 as in 1790. In this state and in Mississippi are found the highest pro- portions of negroes to whites in 1900. For the slave states as a whole the number of slaves to every 100 white persons was slightly smaller in 1850 than in 1790. The proportion was higher in the South- ern states of the added area than in the group of South- ern states enumerated at the First Census. VALUE OF SLAVES. Statistics relating to slaves in the United States in 1790 would not be complete without reference to the property value which they represented. Writers upon this subject have estimated that at the period of taking the First Census the average price of negroes in the United States varied from $150 to $200. It must be remembered that a comparison of values, whether of slaves, real estate, or other property, at that period with the present one is comparatively unsatisfactory, owing to the change which has occurred during the century in the relative value of money. Such valu- ations should be considered only in relation to the STATISTICS OF SLAVES. 141 valuation of other propcrt}' at that period ; or, if they are considered in terms of money in 1900, not less than double the figure specified siiould be allowed. Considered in terms of money values at that period, the slaves in New England in 1790 had a value of more than $500,000 and those in the Middle states a value ofapproximately $7,000,000. Hence about 6 per cent of the total value of slaves was contributed by the Northern states. In view of the large total represented by the preced- ing computation, there can be no doubt that at the date or the First Census slaves represented a large pro- portion (possibly larger than at an}' subsequent period) of the total property value of the United States. Upon the basis of an average price of negroes of $150,' the wealth of the United States in slaves in 1790 was as follows: ' Political Science Quarterly, Vol. XX, pages 264-267. Table 71. — Number and value of tlava held, by lUiUt and territoria: 1790. STATE OB TIBUIOBr. Number. Viloa. United states 007,024 8104. 643. too 3,763 564,480 Maine 187 23,640 Mikvsu'hiLsetU as8 2,048 4S,210 397,200 Middle states 0.781 SOO New York 21,193 11,423 3,707 8,887 648,061 3.178,950 1,713.480 886.080 New Jersey Delaware , , 1,333,080 97.297.680 103,036 292. t7,135,7>0,29B 1870 1880 1890 1900 88,517,306,776 !>.fpn.W..<40 Increase: 1850 to 1860 1860 to 1870 1870 to ISSO 1880 to 1890 1890 to 1900 23,45U,2U578 ABEA ENUMERATED IN 1790. Population. Agrloilture. Uanu factu res— value of products. National wealth- value of all property. CEKSVS YEAR. Acres of Improved land. Value of farm prop- erty. ' Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. Amount. Per cent of total. Amount. Per cent of total. Amoaat. Per center total. 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 14,569.584 17.326,157 19.687,504 23.925.639 28,188.321 33,553,630 2.756,573 2. 361.. 347 4.238,135 4,262,682 5,365,309 62.8 55.1 51.6 47.7 44.8 44.2 33.4 33.2 36.5 33.3 41.1 70,223,511 81,933,952 80.672.316 95.001,365 97.236,806 99,947,259 11,710,441 •1,261,636 14,329,049 2,234,440 2,711.454 62.1 50.2 42.7 33.4 27.2 24.1 23.4 (') 14.9 3.1 4.7 12, 613. ,195. 463 4,195,624.9:i9 4. ISfi.fiTli.^fi;! 4.7.1S.167.3'.4 4. K2S. 7SS. 4(VS 5,000.462,719 1.. 582. 029. 476 < 58. 948. 476 601.490.921 90,621,084 171,674,251 65.9 52.5 34.0 38.9 30.0 24.4 39.4 V^.6 2.3 3.9 1835.489.765 1,407,690,264 2,967,465,381 3.559,794,469 5.563,835,986 7,487,459,407 572.200.499 1,559.775.117 592.329.088 2.004.041,517 1,923,623,421 81.2 74.6 70.0 66.3 59.4 67.4 66.0 66.5 52.1 50.1 52.5 •»4.930, 793.981 "9.102.463,876 '14,725.586.812 22,348,012,800 27,632,937,908 40,296,048,530 4,171,669,895 5.623,122.936 7.622.425.988 5.284.925.198 12,063.110.5X2 69.1 56.3 61.2 51.2 1900 Increase : 18.50 to 1860 I860 to IS70 45.5 46.2 71.2 I870tois.so , 38.9 1880tOlS90 24 7 1890 to 1000 53.9 PER CENT or INCREASE. Agriculture. Haoufactares— value of products— National wealth— value of all property— CENBTS TEAR. Acres of Improved land- Valoe of ftirm prop- erty- In total area. Inaimenti' meratedin 1790. In total area. In area enu- merated In 1790. Of total area. Of area enu- merated In 1790. In total area. In area enu- merated In 1790. In toul area. In area enu- merate 1900 3 18»)i 1900' Continental United States. $202.90 $305.94 $52. 12 $194.73 $364.94 $1,324.93 Area enumerated in 1790 304,72 164. 22 65.44 245. 90 386.23 1,323.39 New England and Middle 199.58 215.16 199.47 143.87 208.05 424.63 84.29 27.26 27.00 314.71 97.75 151.89 368.74 421.69 324.90 1,563.99 805.39 Added area 1,326.21 1 Computed on basis of free population. - Computed on basis of white population. Discussion of the aggregate wealth of the original and added areas necessitates some reference to the value of slaves in 1850. Writers of that period ' esti- mated the average value per slave, for all ages, at $400. Accepting this as an approximate figure, the total value of slaves was $828,336,000 in the original area and $451,809,600 in the added area, or about twice as great in the original slave states as in those erected from territory added after 1790. Out of a total valuation of the real and personal property in the slaveholding states amounting to nearly $2,000,- 000,000, the value of slaves formed 43.5 per cent. If the total wealth of the United States in 1790 (on the basis of the present standard of values) be accepted as approximately .$1,000,000,000, the increase from 1790 to 1900 approaches ninetyfold. During the period mentioned, the population of the United States in- creased f ourteenfold ; hence, while the population increased at a rate far in advance of that shown by any other civilized nation during the same period, the increase of wealth in the United States far outstripped that of population. ' The total value of all slaves in 1850 waell, 280,145,600, computed upon the average value of $400 per head (Hinton Helper: The Impending Crisis, jjage 306, Table 58, N. Y., 1860). The average value of boys and girls, men and women between the ages of about 15 and 25, as recorded by Mr. Frederick Law Olmsted (A Journey in the Seaboard Slave States, page 38), was $739 in Virginia in 1853. If young children and men and women above the age of 25 be in- cluded to old age, it is probable that a general average of not more than 1400, as quoted by Helper, would result. ENUMERATIONS OF POPULATION IN NORTH AMERICA PRIOR TO 1790 GENERAL TABLES. 149 NEW HAMPSHIRE. Table 76. -A GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS OF THE SEVERAL TOWNS IN THE PROVINCE OF NEW HAMPSUIRE, AS APPEARS BY THE RETURNS OF THE SELECTMEN FROM EACH PLACE, IN THE YEAR 1767.' NAME OF THE TOWNS. Unmarried men from IGtoCO. Married men from 16 to GO. Boys from 16 years d: under. Hon 60 years 't"ieM Atlriri'snn 708 330 3» 557 1*7 Litchfield • 3.M .M3 S47 4(11 644 Pelhain Salem North Hampton.. 5S3 451 1,410 1,064 503 Eppinp Canterbury 76292—09- ' Provincial Papers of New Hampshire, Vol. Vlt, pages 168 to 170. -U > Corrected flgtires. 150 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. NEW HAMPSHIRE— Continued. Table 76 -A GENERVL ACCOUNT OF THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS OF THE SEVERAL TOWNS IN THE PROVINCE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, AS APPEARS BY THE RETURNS OF THE SELECTMEN FROM EACH PLACE, IN THE YEAR 1767— Continued. NAUB OF THE TOWNS. Unmarried men from 16 to 60. Married men from 16 to 60. Boys from 16 years & under. Men 60 years & above. Females unmarried. Females married. Male slaves. Female slaves. Widows. Total. Haverhill 21 12 33 127 26 21 63 31 18 32 14 64 188 43 46 135 65 54 43 18 113 313 76 68 200 98 84 1 1 13 33 4 5 17 8 4 43 18 149 457 71 101 270 121 82 29 12 68 208 50 49 147 65 64 2 1 3 6 2 1 3 2 1 1 2 49 2 3 18 9 1 172 Orford 75 443 1,381 272 293 858 400 Rindee 298 4,510 17,670 1 12,924 11,160 115,992 1 8, 467 384 249 1,364 1 52, 720 1 Corrected figures. Table 77.— FREE AND SLAVE POPULATION OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, BY COUNTIES AND TOWNS: CENSUS OF 1773.' COUNTIES AND TOWNS. Total. Rockingham county. AUenstown. Atkinson . . . Bow Brentwood . Candia Cantle GoIT.stown flennlkor nUUborough HoUls llopklnton Litchfield Uason Herrimac New Almsbury* New Roston New Britain * New Ips^vich Nottlncham W'st ' Peterborough Peterborough-Slip Salisbury Temple Weare , WUton Cheshire county Alstead Charlestown Chesterfield Claremont Cornish Croydon Dublin Fitjwiliiara Gilsom , Hinsdale Jaflrey Keene Lempsler , Limerick ' Marlow Monadnock, No. 5 • Monadnock, No. 6* Newport Plainfield Richmond Rlndce Savllloi» fiurry Swanzey Unity Walpole Westmoreland WlnchosU^r Grafton county Apthorp u Bath Camptou Canaan Conway Cockermouth " Dorchester New Grantham " Hanover Haverhill N'w lloldemess •• Lancaster Lebanon Lime New Chester ^ Northumberland Ortord Plymouth Stewartstown i* Rumney Thornton Trecothick" Wcntworth 100 28 16 Married men from 16 to 60. 100 54 34 11 2S 26 SI 67 19 16 104 43 28 32 50 10 23 9 48 41 44 7 20 28 39 37 793 24 69 55 41 28 13 16 18 17 23 13 65 11 16 11 17 12 14 32 32 42 8 22 *\ 7 48 SO 42 430 ' Now Washington. *Now Manchester. • Now Warner. ♦ Now Andover. ' Now Hudson. • Corrected flk'ures. ' Now Stoddard. • Now Marlborough. 35 140 57 25 2,112 237 62 76 21 30 73 71 101 60 27 180 151 35 77 82 36 61 26 165 88 66 14 70 74 138 91 1,473 37 83 109 66 36 16 45 44 21 28 SO 96 13 43 29 39 23 23 40 112 90 IB 30 74 18 81 109 93 585 Boys 16 I Men 60 years and 1 years and under. | upwarda. I Females unmarrlul . 64 240 I 104 1 3,683 34 3 2 207 ; 61 278 100 43 Females nurrlcd. 35 161 57 25 2,243 330 121 140 40 77 ; 148 l.'i6 195 93 34 287 297 68 136 129 62 137 36 2:)2 ISO 131 22 111 121 262 168 2,626 13 ' 11 66 151 224 121 52 88 32 40 65 Z',7 170 15 .12 148 32 157 206 170 4 46 39 16 39 24 33 12 86 107 45 8 62 53 63 8 60 90 17 01 , 18 I 16 I 13 1 6 18 11 2 3 18 10 13 4 8 4 6 2 S 14 12 1 S 2 10 7 126 21 1 74 1 55 32 4 48 5 .S9 2 140 11 16 62 2 43 412 49 147 37 92 128 213 237 355 267 95 125 170 59 110 36 277 179 172 23 130 115 280 168 1,812 59 191 220 23 71 53 37 70 92 217 17 49 40 89 27 54 S5 218 166 16 70 164 32 160 198 209 2 36 40 11 37 28 38 17 80 112 41 10 79 71 46 107 19 47 12 18 15 24« 72 90 21 40 78 89 107 62 29 190 156 43 81 38 64 26 139 100 72 14 76 76 147 99 1,568 42 85 120 66 35 16 46 44 22 31 52 105 40 23 23 43 115 log 16 32 85 17 87 117 113 60C WIdowB. 42 2 S 200 Male slavea. Female slaves. 39 TotaL 2M 1,038 asa 186 13,514 1,370 388 504 132 279 464 010 732 338 US 1,103 941 200 403 Bfi3 2U 410 13S 882 SO 614 81 4M 418 884 580 •9,493 • 233 690 747 428 2U 91 2S6 214 •135 220 308 645 «• 215 1S« 275 117 156 275 745 604 72 208 536 108 549 608 «4« •1,557 14 150 110 02 208 107 m «o M3 187 147 17 206 341 179 45 23S MS 88 113 74 • Now Nelson. '• .Vow Siinapee. n Now Dalton. »Now Oroton. wNow Oninttiain. !• Now llaldomoH. i» Now mil. >• Including Cookbum and Colbrook. II Now Ellsworth. 152 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. NEW HAMPSHIRE— Continued. Tarlf 78 -RETURN OF THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS IN THE SEVERAL TOWNS AND PLACES IN NEW HAMPSHIRE, TAKEN BY ORDER OF THE CONVENTION, WITH THE NUMBER OF FIRE ARMS, THE POWDER, &c.: 1775.' Males under 16. Males from 16 to 50 not in the Array. Males above 50. Persons in the Army. Females. Negroes and Slaves for life. Total. FIRE ASMS t POWDER COUNTIEa AND TOWNS. Fire arms fit for use. Fire arms wanting. Public stock of Powder. Powder ui private hands. Rockingham county: 1,013 190 401 618 101 206 214 97 252 169 322 109 129 182 296 206 384 151 268 253 153 114 121 172 120 88 377 110 179 120 129 280 199 232 187 153 250 145 117 39 144 85 90 823 147 273 404 85 146 155 90 183 136 212 92 85 106 151 112 273 91 105 174 97 63 90 122 86 47 242 57 114 87 76 186 124 120 120 92 204 91 187 18 109 .W 85 191 62 86 157 33 47 67 34 58 42 SO 27 35 44 49 40 101 42 26 57 39 29 30 49 33 11 77 15 33 12 26 36 30 19 24 24 26 30 13 7 39 6 9 50 20 51 66 2,373 440 892 1,316 221 442 491 266 622 381 658 259 288 398 539 362 787 339 502 677 335 210 283 413 262 187 793 189 388 219 260 490 331 346 334 274 418 286 197 82 304 155 161 140 3 38 29 9 14 7 39 5 21 17 1 5 3 2 3 3 11 4 4 3 2 2 13 19 1 7 1 14 4 4,690 802 1,741 2,590 449 870 961 532 1,137 759 1,289 498 575 768 1,084 749 1,599 645 = 994 1,100 652 428 540 797 529 350 1,569 387 744 459 604 1,062 723 744 683 552 929 575 »618 149 607 313 349 Portsmouth 192 193 283 63 170 94 80 132 160 183 60 Ix)ndonderry 68" New-Cttstle 15 27 6 17 10 30 10 33 35 47 29 51 19 22 35 24 9 8 39 15 17 61 16 23 20 13 46 35 27 18 7 30 18 4 1 11 10 3 101 Rye 127 20 35 93' 60 Newington Strathara 108 33 45 01 66 46 51 104 110 175 80 101 113 122 66 46 100 69 33 31 39 75 58 32 43 71 40 112 15 68 68 28 30 30 63 40 50 71 43 luO 86 31 41 83 17 14 16 13 44 2U 28 68 52 98 46 72 39 103 9 109 48 80 2 1 5 120 62 47 11 74 36 49 68 49 31 51 36 42 2 24 16 36 10 1 Hillsborough county: 343 r,2 162 109 68 215 168 142 135 144 332 162 31 215 164 248 306 268 127 201 117 240 44 91 93 41 138 100 92 77 92 160 102 17 88 98 177 174 246 110 103 67 53 19 33 28 15 21 36 15 23 14 30 17 1 30 27 18 71 26 32 34 15 81 13 17 14 16 10 22 6 25 14 42 26 6 40 20 32 60 42 19 27 9 707 1.36 281 241 142 411 319 242 277 232 519 314 52 325 256 421 640 475 305 348 158 4 10 1 6 4 1 8 1 2 2 1,428 284 585 495 285 831 649 498 S46 497 1,085 623 107 705 569 2 897 1,256 s 1,000 606 713 367 121 39 58 41 66 Litchfield 8 65 37 20 28 7 Bedford 11 20 66 47 23 32 46 25 Salisbury Peterborough 56 6 Wifton 72 7 46 47 40 Peterborough-Slip Dunstable 7 4 1 4 3 13 1 42 36 41 73 131 105 79 10 Hollls 92 48 36 74 111 87 Merrimack 9} Lyndeborough Henniker« 40 IlUlsliorough Raby < 148 143 .55 42 78 56 39 20 86 94 37 36 45 38 22 15 12 6 7 8 6 5 5 3 27 18 9 9 fi 3 4 3 227 230 92 82 126 77 60 42 1 1 501 491 200 177 262 179 130 83 48 66 49 6 112 Temple 45 11 Society Land 21 27 12 26 New-Britain ' Perry's- Town 6 17 Deering 1 New Hampshire nistorical Collections, 1824, Vol. I. (Census incomplete; several towns not reported.) sCorrected umres. 3 Hillsborough, Antrim, and Hancock wcro joined with Henniker in this enumeration. * Joined with Mason. 6 Now (1S24) Andover. « Now (18245 Sutton. 7 Including Duxbury farm. 6 Joined with Sutton In this enumeration. GENERAL TABLES. 153 NEW HAMPSHIRE— Continued. Table 78.-RETURN OF THE XUMBER OF IN-H.\BITANTS IN THE SEVER.VL TOWXS AKD PLACES IN NEW- HAMPSHIRE, TAKEN BY ORDER OF THE CONVENTION, WITH THE NUMBER OF FIRE ARMS THE POWDER, &c.: 1775— Continued. Males under 16. Males from 16 to SO not in the Army. Males above 50. Persons In the Army. Females. Negroes and Slave* (or life. Total. riKE ABII9 A POWDEI. COiraTIES AND TOWNS. Flro arnu at (or use. Flmarmt wanting. Publle ■took of I'owder. Powder In private bands. Strafford county: Dover 410 286 236 24S 464 238 120 396 164 82 70 35 72 86 23 57 76 81 49 70 57 50 4 168 214 135 213 207 342 185 147 129 245 151 87 303 117 53 50 20 40 70 16 53 61 45 36 50 44 32 6 118 100 106 127 112 74 68 58 36 72 16 12 61 38 4 15 1 7 10 2 4 9 9 7 7 5 2 3 2.5 26 12 23 30 28 57 12 46 23 12 20 26 7 2 6 6 4 3 4 4 1 10 3 786 593 497 479 848 357 219 759 345 111 144 *4 108 149 39 91 122 109 80 122 83 64 13 316 283 250 a57 3.54 26 25 4 30 3 1 1 3 6 1,666 1,214 9S4 965 1,655 775 459 1,548 677 252 286 100 233 320 83 211 272 245 172 259 190 151 20 647 658 542 758 723 180 222 119 m 200 24 Lee Somersworth si 76 SI i84 99 46 44 Sandbornton S 206 78 28 27 m 25 20 10 20 36 60 36 Barnstcad 00 Nnw-Durham 1 3 Do. Gore Middloton 27 4 Eastown > 1 LeavitU-Town > 11 34 31 27 25 30 5 25 2 S 2 2S Moultonborough Sandwich 36 10 26 1 Meredith SO Campton Tarn worth ' 17 4 72 Gore 2 SO 1 16 Cheshiro county: 20 33 35 38 18 2 2 2 Walpole 21 67 WpstinoH'land 63 68 18 Gilsum 45 83 59 78 158 88 148 88 56 46 37 32 77 37 83 94 54 12.i 79 « 39 34 10 9 8 13 17 9 18 5 6 4 2 7 4 7 22 10 1 4 9 1 3 84 136 104 134 303 143 231 141 91 67 67 178 309 215 308 594 305 523 317 207 1.57 143 IS 53 23 36 6 Cornish 33 22 49 20 5 Dublin 1 GO 18 31 65 8 A Is trad 26 14 2 Croydon S Savtlle is 39 90 14 35 72 4 3 8 3 7 16 29 «2 165 65 146 351 6 13 2S Fltiwiliiara » 104 52 75 241 47 43 280 174 97 93 86 66 98 16 35 57 60 77 S2 47 14 17 38 16 26 54 .34 38 155 29 31 143 140 69 83 91 32 108 17 23 61 42 41 28 25 6 15 26 20 26 2 4 7 30 4 4 16 24 9 15 13 5 12 3 2 10 7 4 4 5 2 7 2 6 14 13 11 36 6 1 26 31 17 8 2 5 22 3 5 ! 11 15 10 5 2 8 8 148 83 93 412 77 49 395 387 169 178 155 88 184 28 S3 116 106 104 69 67 20 27 58 19 52 4 5 10 2 322 186 224 874 163 128 860 756 365 382 347 196 434 87 118 252 1 222 237 1 168 144 47 61 137 57 117 26 23 14 86 13 17 56 72 28 10 24 99 5 6 6 Lempster 18 88 92 .5 90 SO 22 Grafton county: 5 6 60 48 38 26 45 17 18 30 13 11 177 27 31 29 2 3 Lyme . ... 30 1 8 31 24 6 7 16 IS 14 Gunthwaite 8 18 7 6 11 Alexandria. ,. IS 25 Northumberland 70 3 79 11 51 20 6 4 18 1 117 37 2 1 273 74 1 40 44 25 6 Or^ntbftm ' Now (1824) Wakefield. > Now (1824) Efflngluun. ' Joined with Swuniey In this enumeration. 154 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. NEW HAMPSHIRE— Continued. TvBLE 78 -RETURN OF THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS IN THE SEVERAL TOWNS AND PLACES IN NEW ' HAMPSHIRE, TAKEN BY ORDER OF THE CONVENTION, WITH THE NUMBER OF FIRE ARMS, THE POWDER, &c.: 1775— Continued. Males under 16. Males from ir, to 50 not in the Anny. Males above 60. Persons in the Army. Females. Negroes and Slaves for life. Total. FIRE AKM8 ,1: POWCEB. COtmriES AXI» TOWNS. Fire arms fit for use. Fire arms wanting. Public stoclc of Powder. Powder in private hands. Grafton county— Continued. 14 10 8 5 2 1 1 15 13 40 29 1 3 8 3 4 41 4 14 is ii 2 1 10 3 3 7 1 3 7 6 12 5 1 5 2 3 Enfield 15 17 1 17 60 10 7 1 Joined with Orford. 3 Joined with Piermont in this enumeration. Table 79.— FREE AND SLAVE POPULATION OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, BY COUNTIES AND TOWNS: CENSUS OF 1786.> [In this census the selectmen of the different towns were directed to ascertain '*the whole number of white and other free citizens, inhabitants of every age, sex, and conaition, including those bound to servitude for a term of years; and also in a separate column, or class, all other persons not comprehended in the foregoing description, except Indians not paying taxes."] COUMTIES AND TOWNS. •n^hole number. Slaves. Other persons. Rockingham county: 175 500 959 857 1,767 1,397 1,283 420 1,340 1,692 656 866 569 301 798 822 456 1,172 343 349 575 659 1,015 875 991 698 551 500 4.133 786 653 1,075 521 668 450 894 583 Atlrinsnn Candia. . 3 2 Chester Concord 5 ''other persons." Deerfieid Epping Exeter Greenland 7 Hampton Hampton Falls Hawke (Danville) Kensington Loudon Newington 20 blacks. New Market 2 Newtown Northfleld Northwood North Ilampton Nottingham 11 negroes. Pelham Pembroke 3 blacks Pittsfleld Plaistow Poplin Portsmouth—" whites" Raymond Salem !!!!"..!!.!!! 7' 2 "other persons." Sandown Soahrook 13 blacks 9 blades living with their masters. Total 32,138 4S2 943 1,912 410 289 778 827 968 1,536 605 21 185 1 black. 3Ulsboroiigh county; Aoworth Amherst '_'_[[ Andover ] , " [ Antrim '.'.'.','///.['.'.'.'.'.'..'. Bedford B osc wen '.'.!".".'.'"."..'. Charlestown Chesterfield '..'. Cornish ■■.........[.....]["['.'. '. 4 negroes. ' Provincial Papers of New Hampshire, Vol. X, page 689. GENERAL TABLES. 155 NEW HAMPSHIKE— Continued. Table 79.-FREE AND SLAVE POPULATION OF NEW UAMPSUIRE, BY COUNTIES AND TOWNS: CENSUS OF 1786- Continued. COUNTIES AND TOWNS. HlllsboroiiRh county — Continued Derryfield Dunbarton Uunstatile Duxlmry and Mlle-Sllp Flshertleld (now Newbury).. Ooffstown Ilanewk ilennlkor Hollls Uopklnton Mason Merriniack New Bradford New Ipswich New London Nottingham West Petprl)orough-SlIp Peterborough Rahy Salisbury Society Land Sutton Temple Weare Wilton Total Straflord county: BanLstead Harrington Burton Dover Durham Eaton Effingham Gihnanton Lee Madbury Meredith Moultont)orough New Durham Rochester Sanbomton Sandwich Tarn worth Wakefleld Total Cheshire county: Claremont Croydon Dublin FltzwIUIam Gilsum Hinsdale Keene Lempster. Marlborough Marlow New Grantham Newport PackersQeld Plalnneld Protectworth Richmond Rindcc Stoddard Swanzt'y Unity Washington Westmoreland Wendell Winchester Total Qrafton county: Alexandria Bath Campton Canaan Cardigan Whole ntunbor. 741 m 140 217 1,048 291 1,421 1,536 092 128 1,049 219 1,010 175 824 262 1,045 157 337 701 1,574 1,001 26,933 74 1,427 1,230 138 54 1,636 956 585 872 400 242 2,453 1,107 I 653 287 505 SlavM. 13,877 914 381 658 870 304 326 1,122 322 618 252 201 552 667 580 127 1,250 759 563 1,000 404 474 1,621 195 1,100 15,160 291 335 307 2S3 80 Other pcTBons. "other aex's none.' IS Macks. 4 " black servanK." I "other peraon." 9 blacks. 2 negroes. "oooe bound to servitude.' S Macks. 48 1 negro girl— "cripel." 1 aged gentleman— town charge. 3 blacks. 3 negroes. 48 "transdnt persons." 1 black. 3 blacks. 54 156 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. NEW HAMPSHIRE— Continued. Table 79.-FREE AND SLAVE POPULATION OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, BY COUNTIES AND TOWNS: CENSUS OF 178(^ Continued. COUNTIES AXD TOWNS. Gra/ton county— Continued, (.'ockemiouth Gunthwiiite Dorchester Enfield Grafton Hanover Haverhill Lancaster Lebanon Lyman Lyme New Chester New Holdemess Orford Piermont Plymouth Rumney Thornton Wentworth Total Whole number. 281 152 116 484 350 866 458 102 841 116 490 496 260 363 3S3 528 359 295 168 8,344 Slaves. Other persons. 4 servants bound out for a term of time. 4 "not comprehended" in other classes. 2 "not included," etc. 12 "not included." 7 transient persons. 5 negroes. 8 transient persons. 3 male negroes. 4 others. 7 other persons. 56 Summary of the census of 1786, iy counties. Rockingham , Straflord Hillsborough Cheshire Grafton Total.. No. of towns. Free in- habit- ants. 32, 138 13,877 25,933 15, 160 8,344 95, 452 Others. 185 8 48 6 66 303 Total population. 32, 344 13.894 25.990 15.173 8,400 95,801 MASSACHUSETTS. Table 80.— MALE AND FEMALE NEGRO SLAVE POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS, BY COUNTIES AND TOWNS: CENSUS OF 1754.' NEGRO SLAVES. COnNTfES AND TOWNS. NEGRO SLAVES. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. 798 424 1,274 Essex county — Continued. 4 4 647 18 38 12 342 13 15 11 989 31 53 23 Middleton 9 9 210 3 12 123 12 Roxbury Dan vers 21 Weymouth 361 = 17 36 Braintree 20 7 3 10 3 15 13 10 1 4 1 6 16 4 1 5 1 4 3 7 3 1 1 2 Hull: Watertown 7 27 33 10 9 9 14 16 7 3 S 7 23 5 S 8 6 S 7 5 12 In the town Medford . . 34 At ttie lighthouse 15 4 19 16 17 1 7 2 1 8 »35 439 Cambridge 56 MMlfii-Id 15 Milton 14 W mi 1 ham Wobum 17 Brook! ine 20 Needham 21 Medway 14 Bellingham Billerioa 8 W ubjule Chelmsford '8 Stougiiton 3 3 6 Chelsea 178 122 Sherburne . 3 3 Essex county Stow 10 3 13 Salem 47 36 83 = 62 50 Ipswich Newbury 34 16 Weston 8 13 3 2 11 5 10 Lynh- 24 Gloucester 2 61 12 7 "le 6 16 42 Littleton 8 Rowley 10 6 2 1 '15 Salisbvu-y Wenham 6 2 8 Manchester 1 8 28 5 8 14 Haverhill 2 4 2 1 1 2 4 3 1 1 g Andover 7 Marblehead 3 4 3 12 3 I 16 2 5 6 28 S 2 Amesbury Beverly Acton 1 Bradford [..'.'.WW'.'.'.'. 1 J. H. Benton, jr.: "Early Census Making In Massachusetts, 1643 to 1765," pages 12 to 17. • Not returned by sex. GENERAL TABLES. M AS S ACHUSETTS—Continued . 157 Table 80. -MALE AND FEMALE NEGRO SLAVE POPLLATIOX OF MASSACnrSETTS, BY COUNTIES AND TOWNS- CENSUS OF 1754— Continued. COUNTIES AXD TOWNS. KEOBO SLAVES. COUNTIES AND TOWNS. KBOBO 8LAVBS. Male. Female. j Total. Ibto. Femal*. ToUl. Middlesex county— Continued. Shirlev P«PP«J«" 1 1 PlyiDouth county— Continued. Pembroke Ablngton ' 6 3 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 3 la Lincoln 16 47 3 7 22 3 23 83 Kini^ton Hanover: Nathaniel .=!vlvest<-r David .';to124 B'^rwick 8 il 23 Plj-mouth county H Iddeford 2 3 2 PI vmouth 1 3 22 21 43 3 1 7 Marshfield: 3 4 1 1 .N'cwcastle 1 1 Kcnelm AVinsIow, Esq 2 M.iOS 2 3 1 1 1 2 8S6 Ml.TU 1.274 798 ' 178 210 , 47 S6 '63 1 30; 424 1 122 430 1 Middlesex countv 133 361 • 1 22 88 3 I 1 1 "18 riampsliin* county 18 : 74 4» >134 Widow Jnde Clift Bristol county 22 122 7 ... . •2.'-. Bamstablf county 36 3 n 30 4 76 112 7 Rochester York county 147 ' Not returned by sex. • Corrected figures. 'lDc]udea352 not n'tumed hy i»x. 158 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. MASSACETDSETTS— Continued. MASSACHUSETTS (INCLUDING MAINE): CENSUS OF 1784.' n _ i.i.,i™ .ho fot.1 n.imhpr nf nnlk hv 4 Dr Felt comDUtes the population of Massachusetts in 1784 at 310,968, and that of Maine at 55,216. Dr. CiSr.w''Zu'D''l'vTnloSv Ihe^'aSSSer ol°ra?ea"ble Lli noi SeabU, p^oUs by 4i^Etains for the population of Massachusetts 346,653, and for Maine 61,406. Chlckering. by multiplying only the number Recapitulation. Barnstable Berkshire.. Bristol Dukes Essex Hampshire Middlesex. Nantucket . Pljrmouth. Suffolk MT7UBER OF POLLS.' Rateable and not rateable. 3,148 5,892 6,197 718 11,023 11,497 9,691 S13 6,425 9,367 Supported by the town. 15 83 4 115 34 76 21 47 139 cotraTiE.s. Worcester Cumberland '. Lincoln 3 York 3 NtJMBER OF POLLS.' Rateable and not rateable. 12,263 3,708 5,071 4,944 90,757 789 91,546X4=366,184 Supported by the ' towu. 35 46 789 'Collections of the Am. Stat. .Association, vol. 1. page 170. 2 Includes all male persons between 16 and 100 years of age. > In the district of Maine. Table 81.-WHITE, NEGRO, INDIAN, AND FRENCH NEUTRAL POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS, BY COUNTIES AND TOWNS; CENSUS OF 1764.' Houses. Families. ■(^WTTPS irwrn^R WHITES ABOVE NEGROES 4 FRENCH NEUTRALS. COUNTIES AND TO'Wl'13. 16 YEARS. 16 YEARS. MULATTOES. Under 16 years. Above 16 years. Total. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male, Male. Fe- male. Suffolk county: Boston 1,676 212 204 124 327 203 375 31 265 239 113 293 123 72 129 53 54 100 2,069 212 245 141 357 248 426 33 424 309 121 347 1.38 82 168 53 70 106 4,109 291 292 215 571 275 594 31 593 417 111 464 165 119 209 68 110 188 4,010 324 284 222 590 294 539 27 555 441 126 463 178 111 226 62 85 177 2,941 371 343 214 555 315 555 39 567 484 176 514 215 116 246 97 99 207 3,612 421 404 245 651 347 702 57 580 531 211 551 210 108 250 93 125 209 510 47 23 31 31 13 38 9 9 21 3 18 10 8 8 13 20 2 301 33 14 16 35 14 39 7 17 15 1 12 7 21 16 15,520 1 3 1 1 1,493 1,360 2 1 1 3 s i 3 948 1 1 2,445 1,258 7 11 9 12 2,506 HulT 170 9 3 2 1 1 10 3 4 2,340 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 1,919 Medfield 639 2,030 Med way 793 462 Needham 6 5 13 2 945 338 Chelsea 452 Walpole 1 3 3 792 Total 4,593 509 2S8 531 401 357 519 275 300 307 239 201 304 404 105 128 242 173 72 83 103 158 5,549 923 381 670 489 546 935 3SS 438 404 290 240 350 677 130 149 264 192 95 97 155 158 8,822 884 458 791 622 613 1,189 489 533 495 222 280 494 865 160 200 351 257 125 125 ■ 159 250 8,714 985 468 801 605 566 1,031 481 558 482 329 322 409 841 141 194 366 238 120 121 103 194 8,054 1,050 501 931 819 739 1,199 531 565 472 411 354 605 887 183 220 389 281 120 140 183 247 9,307 1,335 634 1,119 872 837 1,435 648 700 635 493 366 487 1,061 219 227 444 384 166 100 203 239 814 117 37 60 21 35 71 31 56 37 11 5 13 57 12 5 8 9 13 14 10 2 537 56 35 40 17 29 29 18 30 42 11 2 12 52 4 S 9 6 15 21 13 38 34 17 8 2 6 1 15 24 3 8 6 1 11 23 13 5 7 1 14 26 18 3 9 1 23 36, 410 4,469 Essex county: Salem Dan vers Ipswich Newbury 2 960 Newbyport 2,882 4,954 2,208 2 402 Marblehead * . . Lynn 3 7 5 7 1 3 2 1 4 2 4 1 3 5 1 4 4 3 Andover Beverly 1 Rowley 2 4 3 1 1 481 Salisbury 3 3 1 1 344 naverhill 1,992 3,772 719 Glocester Topsfield Boxford 851 Almsbury 1 567 Bradford 2 2 1 1 1,181 564 Wenham 3 2 Middleton 581 1 i' 1 4 1 1 739 933 Methuen Total 7,971 2.57 375 117 287 9,562 311 369 172 365 335 9,475 286 392 136 314 389 10,727 374 486 179 373 381 12,664 510 648 105 424 432 624 47 84 5 20 15 446 43 52 6 19 12 5 3 52 2 2 57 2 2 59 4 6 77 3 7 43,761 1,582 2,048 693 Middlesex county: Cambridge Charlestown 237 289 103 228 Watertown Wobura 1,515 1,564 ' Early Census Making in Massachusetts 1643 to 1765. Corrections in additions have been made where necessary. GENERAL TABLES. MASSACHUSETTS— Continued. 159 Table 81.-WHITE, NEGRO, INDIAN, AND FRENCH NEUTRAL POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS BY COUNTIES AND TOWNS: CENSUS OF 17G4-Continued. Houses. Families. WHITES UNDER i WHITEa AilOVE NEOBOES A ISOIANS. ' rBKHCO HEimAIil. COUNTIES AND TOWN3. ■ULATTOEa. Under 16 yean. Above 1« yean. Total. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Middlesex county— Continued. 174 263 183 189 205 126 133 106 224 144 105 104 122 135 143 94 94 174 41 121 94 54 222 316 213 223 234 142 176 113 296 174 126 147 143 154 169 107 97 242 72 135 97 59 91 304 316 322 348 10 I 1* 'I U 20 7 4 26 27 10 29 8 9 5 8 6 8 4 6 4 14 10 7 12 11 6 U 18 4 8 9 21 8 18 9 7 7 6 4 7 2 3 4 18 14 1 i- 1 1.308 Marlboro 1 307 255 312 235 . 325 302 ; 210 189 224 '^''^ 436 471 348 , 3.K 313 300 306 347 228 241 246 304 156 1 187 400 1 422 230 , 289 196 ; 184 ........ 1,773 1.287 Framingham LcjtinRton Chelmsforxl i i' i' i' i 1,234 1,313 912 Shorbora Reading 172 ; 335 206 ' 195 161 1 100 140 339 210 176 150 175 i' 1 i' 1 3 i' 3 1 i' 1 1,012 073 1,537 Maiden 4 Weston 768 Littleton 212 223 233 169 164 340 90 194 137 77 99 ^^23 209 271 269 174 174 358 110 204 136 98 122 2 790 773 1,027 902 663 llopklniston 1 242 . 274 231 217 1 Westford Waltham 145 166 365 122 196 166 56 109 162 159 365 102 191 151 77 120 Wilmington C73 1.443 430 794 688 340 Oroton . . Shirley Ston Townsend Stonehain Natlck 71 13 24 Draciit Bedford 67 84 103 103 96 90 117 72 99 147 115 lOO 98 130 101 153 191 ; 168 1 142 140 193 iie 170 198 170 147 122 200 100 145 184 183 160 13S 188 124 153 203 176 159 143 172 9 20 2 6 1 9 1 7 6 3 3 2 7 3 447 646 Lincoln Tewksbury Ilolliston 705 Acton f,|l Dunstable 1 Pepperrell Total ■4,860 404 188 66 133 89 96 126 191 85 45 49 60 121 90 68 57 62 68 74 100 61 45 74 30 38 36 66 74 15 810 477 203 76 142 99 104 132 195 123 58 64 60 130 91 69 67 69 68 88 123 68 48 76 30 40 36 69 82 7,771 641 314 92 193 125 167 192 341 188 106 97 105 198 142 107 87 99 116 123 197 112 76 127 39 56 67 76 119 7,587 608 285 100 213 127 160 177 328 157 79 99 97 161 130 79 87 87 90 110 149 99 65 122 41 68 43 98 118 8,218 697 341 117 202 160 150 204 318 193 95 95 103 207 161 101 84 99 99 133 180 99 74 109 46 54 51 82 129 9,196 770 334 127 209 151 162 209 296 182 87 100 104 203 147 95 111 89 99 140 152 108 82 126 35 63 40 73 123 485 27 6 1 375 12 6 16 29 9 11 17 18 33,732 2,755 Hampshire county: SprinRneld Northampton 1,285 437 Southadley 817 13 6 14 23 U 1 3' 2 2 3 2 1 1 2 3 7 1 7 18 6 673 646 Hatfield 2 4 3 4 816 Westfield 1,324 Decrfield . . 737 368 1 3 2 2 4 392 Northfield 415 Brimfleld 773 South Brimfield 574 388 371 375 1 408 Palmer 508 1 682 418 Col rain 297 1 ■545 161 231 Koxbury('anady,or Warwick 181 1 1 330 Wllbraham 1 «1 Huntstown 2,586 204 301 294 1 2,887 229 328 370 336 283 223 211 181 126 4,292 376 514 658 466 493 367 283 278 160 275 3.977 350 421 497 425 412 319 308 218 161 ■4.423 370 505 510 441 439 339 305 277 184 4,407 357 532 555 497 452 360 304 324 216 121 11 12 6 6 10 7 6 4 6 73 6 14 11 4 6 8 7 6 6 3 4 3 4 ■17.305 Worcester county: Worcester 4 1 6 1,478 1,998 Sutton i' a' i' i 2,137 1,MS Brookfleld 1 267 1,811 • 1.401 UxbridEQ 186 1,213 Westborough 163 110 i S 731 Southboro 1,090 Rutland 166 IHZ 1 I Collected flgona. 160 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 81. MASSACHUSETTS— Continued. -WHITE, NEGRO, INDIAN, AND FRENCH NEUTRAL POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS, BY COUNTIES AND TOWNS; CENSUS OF 1764— Continued. Houses. Families. NEGROES 4 MULATTOES. INDIANS. FRENCH NEUTRALS. CODNTIES AND TOWNS. 16 VEAKS. 16 TEARS. Under 16 years. Above 16 years. Total. Male. Fe- male. Uale. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Worcester county— Continued. 118 128 114 119 100 94 41 145 145 136 153 109 94 104 62 92 90 153 118 148 124 146 111 98 41 175 155 136 161 109 104 107 75 100 97 173 187 247 191 187 174 132 73 220 234 212 259 178 158 186 161 138 142 276 192 206 164 170 173 146 78 136 225 240 256 175 159 199 116 148 139 270 177 214 196 210 160 152 60 237 225 218 239 193 135 173 109 155 111 272 159 217 188 196 152 141 58 221 239 219 251 196 157 180 107 138 129 296 10 4 1 4 2 2 1 6 1 3 3 5 3 2 1 3 9 2 734 890 1 i 741 3 3 1 770 664 594 270 2 1 1 2' 2 3 1 1 821 1 1 6 i 1 i 1 933 2 1 6 1 1 8 899 1,010 763 3 2 619 743 Halden 495 Western 583 621 7 5 1.126 Dudley 100 65 86 41 57 43 115 64 86 60 55 43 202 95 133 88 82 70 186 84 108 81 65 66 166 88 112 103 72 61 145 81 113 85 66 60 3 6 707 348 466 Athol 2 359 284 Fitchburgh 1 1 259 Total 14,563 256 571 498 348 272 210 154 150 186 110 174 85 67 5,070 373 630 577 431 326 283 197 168 232 131 217 97 81 7,815 488 964 855 516 470 315 238 287 352 194 323 122 123 7,137 475 932 841 520 442 290 220 218 236 162 308 130 119 7,488 532 910 804 603 485 357 273 274 328 196 300 127 116 7,663 605 1,042 880 742 620 425 311 328 362 196 311 166 140 138 38 46 17 55 12 14 3 26 9 6 11 I 114 39 49 15 52 10 8 5 15 3 5 10 S 3 15 23 8 8 4 10 7 1 1 7 19 25 16 18 9 27 21 6 4 13 4 3 8 7 2 9 7 9 3 5 7 5 30, 412 Plymouth county: Pl>Tnouth 2,246 3,990 Middleboro' : 3,438 Scituate 2,501 Rochester 1 5 2 2 3 1 1 1 2 5 3 1 4 4 1 6 1 985 1,446 Duxborg' 1,061 1,159 Marshfield 2 3 4 i' k'ing^tnn 774 1,263 657 Haintax 6" 1 10 Wareham 619 Hanover 1 * Total...' 3,071 325 255 200 235 182 129 145 107 105 82 3,743 361 295 245 283 237 157 182 134 127 85 5,247 474 400 313 398 292 243 266 225 145 23 4,893 432 405 317 386 267 217 266 230 153 19 5,305 524 427 346 420 342 216 266 241 173 16 6,028 622 486 368 454 416 227 234 222 202 20 243 36 11 18 12 6 9 19 3 4 18 219 20 11 14 11 6 S 12 3 1 13 75 6 12 30 36 1 3 35 148 7 19 43 66 3 8 27 1 26 6 3 16 6 2 26 3 3 31 2 1 22,266 2,138 1,780 1,449 Barnstable county: Yarmouth Sandwich Harwich Eastham 1 331 Wellflect Falmouth 1 126 Truro 1 925 Chatham Mashpee 101 129 338 Total 1,765 397 679 498 12,106 493 790 617 2 779 ' "^ *^09 2,970 678 1,129 818 3,260 734 1,248 954 136 26 37 28 96 29 24 25 223 1 35 1 293 8 40 5 9 8 6 3 12,464 2,744 4,581 3,696 Bristol county: Taunton 651 1,103 964 617 965 901 Dartmouth Rehoboth Swanzey Attleboro' 266 295 148 134 100 94 301 343 198 154 109 110 461 477 276 219 170 166 419 447 269 172 146 153 422 460 273 222 181 150 422 528 297 220 184 181 13 19 31 2 3 6 2 11 28 2 3 4 Norton Dighton 2 2 1 3 Raynham 1 1 2 3 694 Berkley 2 Total 2,611 272 288 222 219 3,115 397 372 364 251 4,486 496 489 664 4,089 486 490 652 4,333 568 551 567 363 4,768 671 766 547 357 165 36 31 20 21 128 20 31 24 13 41 69 1 6 3 1 5 3 2 4 2 3 6 2 Vork county: York 2,298 2,368 2,374 Kittery Berwick 427 3S2 3 i i i 1,569 1 Corrected figures. Tabie 81. GENERAL TABLES. MASSACHUSETTS— Continued. 161 -^TIITE, NEGRO, INDIAN, AND FRENCH NEUTRAL POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS BY COUNTIES AND TOWNS: CENSUS OF 1764-Continued. Families. WHITES ITKDER 16 YEAKS. WHITES ABOVE 16 YEARS. ! HEOKOES t 1 rSKHCU NEtrrBAM. ; COUNTIE3 AND TOWNS. IloUSeS. UULATTOZ3. I.SOUNS. Under 16 yean. Above 16 yean. Total. Uale. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Male. 1 Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Mala. 1 Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. York counly— Continued. Arundel Blddeford Pepperelboro Narragansct No. 1 1 1 124 87 66 138 116 96 216 182 140 228 186 126 190 178 145 II 194 i 2 179 ;: 8 125 !| 2 3 14 1 1 ' 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 ^ 540 Total 1,278 160 1,734 585 2,614 969 251 353 224 139 2,450 918 277 281 224 114 2,562 964 278 319 188 149 2,839 875 255 304 186 98 120 30 8 10 4 3 105 14 10 5 10 1 14 2 13 7 11 11 4 10,738 Cum Borland county; 3,783 1,079 1,273 836 Scarborough Harps well ' 200 1 210 65 ; 111 73 ' 73 Brunswick Oorhara Windham Pearson town 504 Total Lincoln county: Pownalboro' Georgetown Newcastle Topsham 642 161 180 69 54 1,167 175 184 69 52 1,936 210 388 127 78 1,814 223 325 ; 117 85 1,888 225 317 100 85 1,718 232 287 109 78 55 6 8 1 1 40 3 4 2 7 4 7,474 899 1,329 454 327 Bowdoinham Total 38 566 128 90 110 37 580 i 150 114 100 63 982 234 152 165 53; 913 209 156 166 59 878 233 159 226 44i 847 248 179 233 i' 17 12 9 4 7 8 8 5 415 220 3,644 1,030 851 Dukos county: Kfltjurtown Chilnuirk Tisbury 37 72 15 49 116 24 Total 328 413 87 126 66 51 39 364 602 91 172 69 55 70 551 776 127 250 126 95 110 531 758 121 276 93 85 114 618 904 149 272 105 77 105 660 882 134 249 81 66 89 25 24 9 16 2 2 6 21 20 10 10 2 124 83 189 66 2,719 3,526 550 1,073 400 325 428 Nantucket county: Sherburne 13 Beiks county: Great Harrington SheDield Sandlsfidd 1 Tyringham 1 PlttsQeld * .........^. ....... Egremont !• 1 Stockbridge 34 34 50 46 64 57 16 12 108 113 1 485 New Marlboro 1 "" ' No.4 1 Total 403 31,707 491 43,483 758 1 735 772 53,752 676 59,501 50 2,824 .38 2,007 ; 1 108 728 113 953 3.250 223,841 Total lor colony ; 52,859 50,588 133 128 141 167 Summary of white, negro, Indian, and French neutral population of Massachusetts, hy counties: census of 1764. Houses. Families. WHITES. KEOROE3 AND I.NOL\.-.W. FRENCH NEirrlULS. COUNTIES. Under 16 years. Above 16 yean. UULATTOES. Under 16 yean. Above 16 yean. Total Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Mole. Female. Male. Female. 31,707 43,483 52.859 50,588 53.752 59.501 2,824 2.067 728 953 133 128 141 167 223.841 1 Barnstable. . . 1,765 403 2,611 328 5.759 2,586 5,618 413 3.071 4.593 4,560 2,286 491 3,115 364 7,971 2,867 11,425 602 3.743 5,549 5,070 2,779 758 4.486 551 9,562 4,292 7,771 776 5.247 8. 822 7,815 2,692 735 4.089 531 9.475 3,977 7,587 7.'a 4.R93 8.714 7,137 2,970 772 4,333 618 10.727 4,363 8,218 904 5.305 8.054 7,488 3,250 676 4,768 660 12.664 4,407 9,196 ' 882 6.028 9.307 7,663 1 135 60 165 25 024 121 485 24 243 814 138 96 38 128 21 446 73 375 20 219 .M7 , 114 223 108 41 124 5 293 113 59 189 3 9 8 • S 12,464 Berks 3.250 Bristol 1 1 2 3 18.076 Dukes 2.719 Essex 62 2 9 13 26 17 57 4 11 59 2 17 77 4 18 43.751 17,245 Middlesex 16 83 75 38 l.'j IB 6« 148 ; 34 ' !9 33.732 Nantucket 3.526 16 24 25 2) 7 31 26 23.256 Suffolk 38.410 Worcester 4 7 30.412 _ 162 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. MASSACHUSETTS— Continued. Sumrmrn, of white, negro, Indian, and French neutral population of Mmne, by counties: census of 1764. Houses. Families. WHITES. FBENCH NEUTRALS. Total popula- tion. COUNTIES. Under 16 years. Abore 16 years. MTJLATTOES. Under 16 years. Above 16 years. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. 2,486 3,481 5,532 1,936 982 2,614 5,177 1,814 913 2,450 5,338 1,898 878 2,662 5,404 1,718 847 2,839 192 152 16 20 11 15 21,857 642 566 1,278 1,167 580 1,734 55 17 120 40 7 105 2 7 4 7,474 3,644 ii 13 11 11 10,739 York — RHODE ISLAND. Table 82 -A LIST OF THE NUMBER OF FREEMEN AND MILITIA, WITH THE SERVANTS, WHITE AND BLACK, IN ThIr^SiVE TOWNS; AS ALSO THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS IN HER MAJESTY'S .COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND, &c., DECEMBER THE 5TH, 1708.' TO WHS. Freemen. MUitia. White Servants. Black Servants. Total No. of inhabitants. Newport Providence Portsmouth Warwick Westerly 190 241 98 80 95 38 200 33 40 358 283 104 95 100 47 282 28 65 20 6 8 4 5 220 7 40 10 20 6 85 32 6 2,203 1,446 628 480 570 208 New Shoreham 1,200 9 3 206 1,015 1,362 55 426 7,181 ' Rhode Island Colonial Records, vol. 4, page 69. It is to beunderstood that all men within this colony. from the age of sixteen to the age ofsixty years, are ofthe militia, so that aU freemen above and under said ages '"''''ififtl^^tet^lTdirZ^'^nht^r^^X^^^^ givean exact account, by reason therewas no list ever taken before this (the militia excepted), which hath increased since the 14th of February, 1704-5 (at which time a list was returned to your Lordships) the number of 287. ^ SAMUEL CRANSTON, Governor. Newport, on Rhode Island, December the Sth. 1708. Table 83.— WHITE, NEGRO, AND INDIAN POPULATION OF RHODE ISLAND: 1748.' TOWNS. Whites. Negroes. Indians. TOWNS. Whites. Negroes. Indians. 15,302 1,648 985 1,620 1,875 965 1,149 222 250 56 165 333 40 80 20 250 65 3,843 3,707 643 1,028 649 128 100 77 148 81 70 73 225 East-Oreenwich 34 Jamestown 19 20 1 Callender's Historical Discourse, page 94. Table 84.— WHITE, NEGRO, AND INDIAN POPULATION OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND, ACCORDING TO THE OFFICIAL CENSUS OF 1774.' Families. WHITES. Total whites. Indians. Blacks. TOWNS. Males. Females. Total of each town. Above 16. Under 16. Above 16. Under Ifi. Total 9,460 14,032 12,731 15,349 12,348 54,460 1,479 3,668 5 59,607 1,590 655 220 353 257 76 275 361 304 69 2,100 1,219 343 569 421 109 416 638 550 110 1,558 850 341 512 441 119 345 497 554 90 2,624 1,049 400 615 443 121 464 595 597 118 1,635 832 285 466 401 120 338 .552 484 82 7,917 3,950 1,369 2,161 1,706 1 469 t 1,563 2,182 2,185 400 46 68 21 88 37 51 31 79 210 32 1,246 303 122 89 69 55 69 211 440 131 9,209 4,321 Portsmouth 1,512 32,338 1,812 575 1,663 North Kingstown 2,472 South Kingstown . . 2,835 Jamestown 563 1 Census of Rhode Island, 1774 (printed in detail with the names of all heads of families In 1858), page 239. ! Corrected figures. GENERAL TABLES. 163 RHODE ISLAND— Continued. Tablb 84.-WHITE, NEGRO, AND INDIAN POPULATION OK THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND, ACCORDING TO THE OFFICIAL CENSUS OF 1774— Conlinu...! Smithfleld Scituate Glot.«ster West Greenwich.. Chorlestown Coventry Exeter Middletown Bristol Tiverton Warren Little Compton... Richmond Cumberland Cranston Jlopkinton Johnston North Providence Harrington Families. 476 564 525 304 307 274 280 123 197 168 218 189 264 340 299 167 138 91 Hales. Above 10. 742 909 743 429 312 474 441 210 272 418 237 304 286 400 476 427 242 193 142 Dnder 16. 60S 879 724 395 315 555 415 179 232 500 251 254 316 408 420 227 172 118 Females. Above 16. Under 16. 933 I 740 465 350 I 493 478 259 319 438 255 382 324 478 SI 7 477 254 230 638 817 719 456 264 470 446 156 256 434 185 220 287 450 390 415 234 197 UO Total whltci. 2,814 3,538 2,926 1,746 1,241 1,992 1,780 804 1,079 1,790 1,160 1,213 1,730 I 1,782 1,739 957 792 fi42 Blacki. 20 67 95 ** tl 24 17 00 ' 48 I 65 I i> I 41 I Toulor Mch town. 2,888 3,601 2,»4S 1,704 1,821 2,023 1,864 881 1,209 1,956 97« 1,232 l,2S7 t,7S6 1,861 1,808 1,031 830 aoi Table 85 — POPULATION OF RHODE ISLAND AT DIFFERENT DATES, FROM 1708 TO 1860, INCLUSIVE, BY COUNTIES AND TOWNS.' COUKTIES AND TOWNS. Dateot Incorpo- ration or setUe- ment. 1706 1780 1748 17S5 1774 1776 1782 1790 1800 1810 1820 18W 1840 18M I8W State total 1636 1747 1T?0 1747 1747 1750 1741 1677 1741 1643 1703 1856 1678 1747 1743 1639 1672 1638 1747 1703 1806 1754 1747 1862 1781 1731 1759 1765 1862 1731 1731 1636 1729 1738 1743 1757 1674 1723 1747 1689 7,181 17,935 32,773 40,414 59,707 65,011 52,347 68,825 69,122 77,081 83,059 97,210 106,830 147,545 174,020 1,749 2,005 2,789 2,610 2,471 3,211 3,801 6,072 6,037 5,446 6,476 8,514 8,907 Barrington 601 1,209 979 7,888 538 1,067 1,005 7,993 534 1,032 905 7,526 683 1,406 1,122 8,848 650 1.678 1,473 8,487 604 2,693 1,776 9,834 634 3,197 1,806 10,228 612 3,034 1,800 12,788 549 3,490 2,437 13,063 796 4,616 3,103 15,068 1,000 1,069 680 4,384 1,080 925 5,502 5,271 2,836 £8nt county 720 2,401 17,303 792 1,044 766 1,782 11,092 1,178 1,10- 1,246 1,911 12,284 2.023 1,663 1,764 2,438 15,928 2,300 1,664 1,653 2,376 11,699 2,107 1,609 1,698 2,112 11,677 2,477 1,824 2,054 2,493 14,300 2,423 1,775 1,757 2,532 14,845 2,928 1,530 1,619 3,757 16,294 3,139 1,519 1,927 3,643 15,771 3,851 1,591 1,817 5,529 16,636 3,433 1,509 1,415 6,726 16,874 3,630 2.358 1.350 7.740 20,007 4,247 240 1,223 2,882 1,258 Warwick 480 3,245 1,178 6,064 8,916 Newport county 21,896 Fall Rivpr 3,377 JamestowD 206 321 420 1,152 680 6,508 300 992 1,040 3,690 S17 1,170 778 6,753 378 1,303 1,325 7,788 563 1,232 881 9,209 675 1,512 1,956 14,912 322 1,302 860 5,299 478 1.347 2,091 14,124 345 1,341 674 5,530 478 1.350 1,959 13,230 507 1,542 840 6,716 682 1,560 2,453 18,011 601 1,677 913 6,739 714 1,681 2,717 18.240 504 1,653 976 7.907 722 1,795 2,837 20,798 448 1,580 949 7,319 955 l.WS 2,875 23,969 415 1,378 915 8,010 1,185 1,727 2,905 30.184 366 1,327 891 8,333 1,009 1,706 3.183 34.901 358 1,462 830 9,563 1.262 1.833 4.699 40.013 400 1,304 Middle town 1,013 2,203 208 628 4,640 290 813 10,508 New Shoreham 1.320 Providence county (towns) 57,133 Bumllville 1,834 2,161 2,210 2,104 2,274 2,653 2.196 2,662 3,675 1,982 2,901 6,225 3.638 4.311 6,661 4,140 1,460 1,083 1,861 1,756 1,701 1,686 1,688 1,548 i,S77 1,964 i,644 2,056 806 i,763 2,791 996 696 2,268 4,026 1,320 1,071 2,457 4,009 1,364 1,067 2.6i3 2.310 1,616 1,758 2.966 2,504 1,542 2,420 2,521 2,116 3,508 2,304 2,477 4.207 2.872 2,937 7,680 2,427 Glocest^r 1,202 1,511 2,945 1,031 830 2,832 1,022 813 3,440 11,818 North Providence Pawtucket ■"i,'232' 450 3,452 8,406 1,813 1,921 3,159 9,676 3,601 2,888 4,321 13,869 3,280 2,781 4,355 14,230 1,628 2,217 4,310 13,133 2,3IS 3,171 6,380 18,075 2,523 3,120 7,614 16,136 2,568 3,828 10, on 14,962 2,834 4,678 11,767 15,687 3,993 6,857 16,836 16,421 4,090 9.534 23,172 14,324 4.682 11.500 41.. M3 16.430 4,2SI 13,283 Smithfleld Providence city 1,446 1,770 3,916 5,554 50,666 Washington county 18,715 1,002 1,174 1.130 1,404 1,821 1.864 1.808 2.472 2.835 1,257 1,812 1,835 1,982 1.845 2.761 2.779 1.204 1,824 1 ' — 1 2! 675 I.IKM i.-x 4.1.11 1.710 2,298 1,454 2.476 2,276 2,794 3,438 1,368 2,329 1,174 2,256 1.774 2.957 3,560 i.X» 1,911 1.160 2.581 1.821 3.007 3.723 1.423 1,972 1,284 2,383 1,777 3.086 .i.«a l,.T! Total 8,219 284 289 166 396 279 1,309 824 619 8,121 309 289 148 372 289 1,213 799 609 53 6,243 224 252 141 362 241 902 623 422 165 5,722 215 205 124 286 214 829 644 361 7,469 317 270 149 462 322 1,246 726 568 2,679 81 106 69 170 110 618 189 132 ^ 7,616 322 277 164 471 329 1,246 737 569 3,134 148 83 56 237 100 467 217 138 New-Haven county: 2 2 10 2 •Jfi MUford 10 1 3 5 7 25 17 19 '>7 •>t( WalUngford ?n 4,166 574 597 311 935 1,099 401 432 913 4,028 570 601 301 917 1,054 405 461 818 23 10 1 3,167 441 430 247 599 916 291 284 661 80 22 14 4 33 8 16 10 16 2,778 390 422 249 593 741 244 275 622 4,060 538 515 272 806 1,056 295 411 714 1,475 142 448 120 207 412 99 107 151 4,105 632 619 278 817 1,069 306 410 721 1,446 200 231 122 343 505 128 171 262 ?i New-London county: ■i? 11 14 21 IS 1(i Preston 16 1 4 17 18 Total 11 5,262 425 774 496 199 357 754 208 299 6,127 387 689 420 204 357 700 189 269 53 2 2 12 3,859 302 557 333 170 277 544 152 214 1,008 665 123 12 12 24 8 8 3,636 282 519 287 182 281 486 121 189 909 618 4,607 416 741 403 207 324 638 196 276 661 830 1,686 103 228 114 61 103 173 46 59 244 292 4,652 424 739 404 199 324 638 206 281 562 812 1,962 81 183 112 44 67 217 46 57 199 240 40 Fairfield county: 41 4? 41 New-Fairf:eld 44 1 4S Norwalk 4fi Redding 2 4 7 33 47 1 13 2 48 44 806 795 Total sn 4,318 438 340 334 582 590 354 254 421 242 97 532 320 4,010 374 290 325 521 552 382 241 376 245 67 533 333 33 3 4,212 330 234 276 461 515 307 168 277 202 68 482 230 110 3 3,874 242 259 286 372 460 305 177 263 156 61 387 234 4,592 356 307 314 530 640 363 216 330 231 83 476 243 1,413 114 97 154 152 208 142 73 67 57 14 173 119 4,589 358 315 320 542 549 353 217 339 235 83 491 243 1,24« 123 137 177 168 285 165 83 93 46 16 267 195 ,S1 Canterbury s? w 2 5 2 26 14 3 13 4 M Killingly W 4 2 1 3 W Mansfleld S7 Plalnfleld W 59 Voluntown id i1 1 7 1 62 63 4,504 4,238 16 3,550 78 3,202 3,978 1,370 4,045 1,754 64 Barkhemsted iS 258 273 2 194 9 190 263 63 254 47" 66 Colebrook i7 190 202 160 193 130 138 1 4 107 113 162 171 30 69 165 172 20 29 iS 69 Hartland 7(1 I larwinton 179 384 428 176 163 352 435 158 115 176 304 119 119 166 266 161 313 399 50 141 150 161 262 403 155 50 78 83 45 71 Kent 11 1 17 7 7? 7.1 •Connecticut Colony Public Records, Vol. XIV, pages 485 to 191. GENERAL TABLES. CONNECTICUT-Continued. OF CONNECTICUT, BY COUNTIES AND TOWNS: CENSUS OF 1774.' 167 HALES ABOVS SEVENTY. FKHALES ABOVE 8BVSNTT. Nem males under twenty. Negro te- nmle.s un- diTtweaty. Negro males almvc twenty. Negro fo- inolesaliove twenty. 1 Indian Indian fe- males under mules under iK^enly. twenty. Indian males above twenty. Indian fe- males aljove twenty. Total whites. Total blocks. Married. Single. Mcrriert. Single. 11 20 29 20 37 21 35 3 10 42 15 23 39 14 15 12 13 28 13 22 5 10 7 5 8 5 17 17 3 20 8 10 8 3 5 6 3 13 3 19 5 11 18 6 16 13 19 7 6 42 16 16 9 7 31 15 22 9 47 23 9 34 13 39 3 5 41 21 9 4 15 61 13 9 4 26 13 5 51 19 61 10 2 994 2, sue 3.057 2,743 2.961 1.363 6.903 { 1,992 1,713 4,881 2,286 4,btJ0 3,071 1,024 1,333 1,980 1,247 3,347 1,000 •2,073 7 28 201 U5 38 7 106 79 13 150 52 198 29 3 1 37 15 142 43 1 7 4 44 18 8 3 14 19 4 29 10 46 1 1* 27 1 8 I 2 1 7 1 1 2 3 1 11 2 3 3 4 6 « 7 8 g IG 18 4 28 12 45 9 7 13 8 3 9 9 14 1 'i 37 11 40 4 3 2 10 II 17 35 20 8 8 10 6 13 14 1 6 1 28 16 7 5 17 11 22 17 6 28 1 14 5 5 44 6 2 20 16 2 44 1 14 1 3 2 1 1 1 16 17 18 19 9 8 2 2 2 20 422 13 12 35 15 48 33 20 175 5 6 4 9 10 44 10 6 290 7 6 3 29 11 24 24 9 358 13 12 7 17 28 60 31 21 274 28 11 7 13 41 66 27 248 27 15 10 14 35 70 28 7 370 35 12 16 20 52 70 48 15 201 21 12 11 14 30 66 31 6 32 2 5 I 8 32 24 1 6 34 1 6 >60,066 1,938 1,819 1,031 2,846 1,965 8,022 4,777 3,498 1,216 113 70 46 84 102 273 ISt 38 21 22 5 23 24 10 2 1 3 3 2 1 1 35 36 7 2 2 2 1 1 27 2K 29 182 19 34 14 49 55 21 26 22 94 8 5 6 13 23 11 S 13 113 13 17 12 13 38 7 20 21 179 29 26 21 18 56 15 15 28 199 4 70 62 5 IS 85 206 39 26 6 79 54 11 12 49 '2(18 42 35 6 89 69 25 20 49 '181 42 27 3 78 49 12 8 36 27 65 21 6 64 16 11 3 73 19 36 18 2 48 14 9 9 39 23 4 35 11 1 1 28 10 66 42 2 60 20 9 25,896 3,488 3,800 1,967 6,306 7,032 2,265 2.628 4,956 925 XO 238 ,13 622 295 83 59 450 30 .11 .t! .B 34 36 36 37 80 66 38 240 14 84 A 143 7 20 10 6 20 25 6 6 208 12 39 11 6 23 17 3 7 328 15 83 35 5 12 37 9 9 12 09 276 13 75 25 4 20 25 14 9 18 72 335 15 91 34 6 18 43 17 9 17 108 25.0 7 66 20 S 9 31 6 8 13 70 249 207 142 2 2 2 244 1 2 3 31,542 2,473 4,644 2.664 1,288 2,lli8 4,243 1.189 1,673 3,603 6,201 2.036 63 319 122 20 01 M'. -I', .\.'> W 344 1,214 62 24 06 47 119 ■a SI 11 35 2 91 80 39 40 30 U 19 ^ 41 3 43 9 20 43 10 7 3 6 8 4 4 43 1 1 2 44 4 3 4.', ■;•• ■ 4. 48 38 14 19 47 7 12 9 7 190 19 21 17 36 43 17 13 17 26 8 35 11 65 5 1 8 14 9 13 4 8 2 S 3 13 119 10 14 7 22 25 11 12 7 22 6 1! 165 17 17 16 37 35 25 18 15 9 4 32 21 286 6 4 22 12 30 3 18 2 9 275 4 6 11 2 19 1 9 2 3 358 22 7 13 14 22 iJ 7 9 1 15 IS 234 9 S 7 7 27 3 13 2 8 1 29 10 8 1 18 1 19 7 2 3 1 4 1 3 10 2 28,936 2,392 2,032 2,241 3,439 3,841 2,443 1,479 2,228 1,479 613 3,437 1,974 60 51 .'•3 2 2 9 3 9 i 4 6 6 8 3 S 3 2 6 53 54 65 in 2 3 1 69 at 18 3 10 14 2 13 I 3 7 7 9 IB 263 85 165 246 1 127 1 81 147 121 43 47 31 37 37,494 ■260 1,673 •ISO 957 1,008 •600 1.016 1,922 2,609 985 634 as M Y i 6" h' ie' ie' '" IS S3 66 3" 7 7' 9 10 8 3' 3' 4 v 7 4 3' 6 6" 5 14 5 2 3 ! i" 1 8 2' 5 9 i' I i' 1 i' 2 7 1 * 3 17 13 ;i :< 4.'> 10 07 «8 3' 15 is' 1 4 ^' 3 ii" 1 is" 8 6 on 71 1 S 73 • Corrected figures. • Not distributed by sex. 168 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. CONNECTIC UT— Continued . Table 87.— WHITE, NEGRO, AND INDIAN POPULATION OF THE COLONY COUNTIES AND TOWNS. Males under ten years. Females under ten years. MALES BET W KEN TEN AND TWENTY YEARS, MARRIED OR SINGLE. FEMALES BETWEEN TEN AND TWENTY YEARS. MALES BETWEEN TWENTY AND SEVENTY. FEMALES BETWEEN TWENTY AND SEVENTY. Married. Single. Married. Single. Married. Single. Married. Single. 74 Litchfield county— Continued. New-Milford 490 156 347 343 132 3S4 55 921 497 151 358 342 134 352 69 889 15 325 109 240 259 99 nt; 34 COO 27 3 7 11 254 110 224 236 75 166 19 587 482 155 278 307 139 313 60 821 83 30 111 77 56 141 18 260 460 155 271 303 146 262 56 795 61 27 70 56 54 78 11 235 7,"; 7fi 77 7S 7fl 11 17 1 33 ^0 Winchester R1 Woodbury 4 Total S*> 4,645 S,219 4,166 5,262 4,318 4,504 4,645 4,526 8,121 4,028 5,127 4,010 4,238 4,526 44 S3 23 53 33 16 44 3,018 6,243 3,167 3,859 4,212 3,550 3,018 141 16.5 80 123 110 78 141 2,748 5,722 2,778 3,536 3,S74 3,202 2,748 4,160 7,469 4,060 4,607 4,592 3,978 4,160 1,318 2,679 1,475 1,686 1,413 1,370 1,318 4,010 ■7,616 4,105 4,652 4,589 4,045 4,010 944 3, 1.34 1,446 1,962 1,246 1,754 944 m S4 AS Kfi S7 Windham county W Total for colony ffl 31,114 30,050 222 24,049 697 21,860 28,866 9,941 '29,017 10,486 1 Corrected figures. GENERAL TABLES. 169 CONNECTICUT-Continued. OF CONNECTICUT, BY COUNTIES AND TOWNS: CENSUS OF 1774— Continued. UALES ABOVE SEVENTY. FEMALES ABOVE SEVENTY. Neero miilcs under twent.v. Negro fe- males un- der twenty. Negro Negro fe- males above males aliove twenty. twenty. Indian males under twenty. Indian fe- males under twenty. Indian Indian fe- males above males above twenty. twenty. Total whiles. Total blacks. .Married. Single. Married. Single. 19 4 11 1:,a53 391 355 244 J73 ■,'111,378 6.464 89 ) Includes 900 not distributed by sex. 170 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. NEW YORK. Table 88.-P0PULATI0N OP THE COLONY OF NEW YORK, BY COUNTIES: 1698.' Albany Dutohess and Ulster KuiKS New- York Orange Queens Richmond Suflolk Westchester Total 380 248 308 1,019 29 1, 41)5 328 973 316 5,06(5 Women. 270 111 332 1,057 31 1,350 208 1,024 294 4,077 Children. 1,161 140 661 118 124 307 6,154 Negroes. 23 166 296 700 19 199 73 558 146 2,170 Total. 1,476 1,384 2,017 4,937 219 3,.'>0S 727 2,679 1,063 18,067 ■ Census of the State of New- York, 1856, page iv. Table 89.-MALE AND FEMALE POPULATION OF THE COLONY OF NEW YORK, IN CERTAIN AGE GROUPS, BY COUNTIES: 1703.' COiniTlES. Males from 16 to 60. Females. Male chil- dren. Female children. Male ne- groes. Female ne- groes. Male ne- gro chil- dren. Female ne- gro chil- dren. All above 60. Total.' Albany. 610 345 813 49 952 176 787 383 472 385 304 1,009 40 763 140 756 305 469 515 433 934 57 1,093 42 818 436 382 605 487 989 84 1,170 49 797 357 386 83 136 102 13 117 60 60 63 74 63 76 288 7 114 32 62 36 46 36 72 131 7 98 4 38 31 60 28 61 109 6 96 1 38 15 29 58 2,273 1,912 New-York 4,375 Orange 5 268 4,392 504 Suffolk.. 23 39 3,346 Ulster 1,649 1,946 Total 4,487 4,161 4,710 4,924 707 702 467 382 125 20,665 [" 1 Census of the State of New- York. 1855, page iv. 2 In a subsequent communication to the Lords of Trade in 1712 (Colonial Ilistory of New- York, Vol. V, page 339) the totals of the census of 1703 are quoted differently from those in the above table. There are no means for determ.ining whether this difference arose from a subsequent correction of errors, or from mistakes incopying. As given in the latter, the totals were as follows: New York, 4,436; Kings, 1,915; Richmond, 503; Orange, 268; Westchester, 1,946; Queens, 4,392; Suffolk, 3,346; Albany, 2,273; Ulster and Dutchess, 1,669. 3 Included in first column. Table 90.— NAMES OF MASTERS OF FAMILIES IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BY WARDS, ACCORDING TO THE ENXJMERATION MADE ABOUT THE YEAR 1703. * Masters of familts. Males from 16 to 60. females. Male Children. female Children. Male Negros. female Negros. Male Negro Children. female Negro Children. all above 60. Total for citv 780 985 903 924 298 276 124 noi 65 EAST W.UiD. Ebenezr Wilson 3 4 1 2 1 1 1 4 2 1 3 2 1 1 1 Mr l.eiiis Mr lOverson 1 Mrs Vantyle 1 1 Mr Haris 2 1 2 3 1 Thorns Dyer Mrs Smith 3 2 2 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 4 2 1 Garot Ilaier 2 Frances Coderos 3 1 John Lasly 1 1 1 2 2 Thoms Evens 1 * Hendricls Peter V'antilbry 1 1 Frances WesseUs 5 2 1 6 Mrs Basset 1 2 Capt Novered 1 John Morthouse 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 Beverly Latham 1 2 1 3 1 1 6 2 3 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 Mrs liabl Capt Morris 3 1 2 1 Peter Mountu 1 2 2 2 1 Hendrick Mavr John .Stephen's 3 4 3 1 1 1 Capt Tudor 1 1 Stuen Volo Fany ye Doctr Abraham Brazier 1 Mr Sinkeler 1 1 2 1 1 1 Mr Lees Capt Forkell 1 2 1 1 3 1 Peter Thouet ( 1 New York Documentary History, pages 395 to 405. ' Corrected figures. * Illegible. GENERAL TABLES. 171 Table 90. NEW YOUK-CoDtinued. -NAMES OF MASTERS OF FAMILIES IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BY WARDS, ACCORDING TO THE ENUMERATION MADE ABOUT THE YEAR 1703— Continued. MASTERS OF FAIULYS. Hales Irom 16 to 60. tenulu. Uala Children. female Children. Male Negras. tanala Negrai. Hale Necro ChUdran. female Nepo ChUdren. aUabore 60. EAST WARD— conimued. i James pencer 1 1 1 1 3 Mar^'D'tt li ri^es Dot'tr Del!iny 1 1 3 Mr Sellwooil 1 1 Widd Hrown 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 I 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 3 MrC'holwfll 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 Johji Ledhain Andrew Gravcnrod WiUiam Apell James Blower John Vanderspeygel 1 3 1 1 1 John Htircs 1 3 1 1 1 Mrs BlackRrove 3 3 1 2 1 1 Mrs Byiier 2 1 1 2 T 1 1 2 1 1 4 1 1 Doctr Peters 1 3 2 1 2 3 .. Mr liiir^fT 3 :::":""i::' 1 1 2 1 1 Capt Borditt i 1 1 1 Janies Ktrimett 2 3 2 I 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 Joseph Isacks 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Widd Smith 3 1 I 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 Mr Hardlnburg i 1 } 3 3 1 1 Capl Vancrouger . . 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 > 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 ' . 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 4* 1.... 1 1 1 i.... 3 1 Mr Mnnsptt 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 4 3 1 1 1 '.. . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i" 1 1 ' 1 1 1 Johnas Longstrauts 2 J 1 .. Abraham Molts Capt Trevett ..; "i 1 Georg Elesworth 4 1 1 3 2 3 1 3 3 3 S i" 2 1 1 2 1 Widd Decay 1 M 1 r":::::::;;; ............ Capt Shelly Thorns Adams Widd Kidd 1 I 2 6 1 I 1 i' 1 ":::::;:;:;:: 1 Widd I'roos! i' 2 4 1 \ 1 2 i' 1 • Illegible. 172 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. NEW YORK— Continued. Table 90.-XVMES OF MASTERS OF FAMILIES IX THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BY WARDS, ACCORDING TO THE ENUMERATION MADE ABOUT THE YEAR 1703— Continued. MASTERS OF FAMILYS. Males from 16 to 60. females. Male Children. female Children. Male Negros. female Negros. Male Negro Children. female Negro Children. all above 60. EAST "WARD — continued. Doct Stets 1 1 2 2 1 2 7 2 2 1 Elves Now 1 1 1 1 2 1 John Davi 1 2 1 Abraham Johns 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 2, 1 2 1 4 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 5 1 3 4 3 2 1 2 / 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Benj Bill 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 1 1 i Dant np.vnns 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 Arthr Williams 4 1 4 2 1 1 1 Widd \ andewater Cornelius Bolson 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 : 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Dan! Mynard 1 1 1 2 1 5 5 2 2 1 2 4 John Mambroits Lucas Tinhoven ... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 : 1 Johanes Urielant 1 1 2 2 3 1 1 2 1 Gabriell Ludlow Mr Slay Wm Bikman 2 1 2 1 I James Debross Wm Anderson 1 Peter Riphtnian Capt Tuder 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 John Lastly Widd Vontylborough 2 3 3 WmPell Thorns Huck 1 1 Widd Peterow Robert Pudenton Wm Shackerlv 2 1 I 1 1 1 1 3 1 Mr Huddleston 2 Nichol Debower Johanes D payster 1 2 2 Wm White !]::!!::::::::"■ Abraham Moll 3 1 2' 1 1 1 I Levenus Deuind Richd Sackett '.'.',','.'.'.'. 2 3' i' 1 ! Soffell Seeworth '.'.'.'..'. i' i' 2 i 3 i' 2 1 1 1 EEEiZZl I I GENERAL TABLES. 173 Table 90. NEW YORK-Continued. -NAMES OF MASTERS OF FAMILIES IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK. BY WARDS, ACCORDING TO THE ENUMERATION MADE AUOLT THE YEAR 1703-Coutinue.l. MASTERS OP FAMILYS. Males from 16to(iO. females. Male female ChUdren. ChUdron. Hale Negrot. female Negros. Male Negro ChUdren. female ChU£eD. 1 all above «0. EAST WARD— continued. Isaac Ferbergln 1 1 i' I 1 1 1 1 1 1 i' i" 1 1 i' 1 1 i' 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 * 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 i' 1 1 2 i' 6' I 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 : 1 1 1 1 4 2 2 3 1 3 2 1 3 1 1 1 4 2 i' 2 WidU Lees Mrs Mussett !.!.!!!!!!! Win Naseros ] i' i' s 1 i' 1 1 1 Tnonis RoberU Uoner Uritt .....V. Thorns i lains Robt Walls Giddeon Vergeren Evert Ditken John N'anfan Claud Bouden Heudriek Vandespegle Mr (Jleenoross Dan Thwaictes 2 2 2 Wid^i ret rer Bond Charl Bakcman Johanes Banker Jos Carlsee i' 2 1 2 John »t Kllas Petrain Hen-Irlok Kflllson s 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 3 1 6' i Victor Bick'T Sarah Scou ton 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 4 3 2 I 3 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 PettT VV ca'ls Jac'obus Morrtsgreen William Svnis - 1 1 John ( anoon 1 Widdow Bush 1 1 William Jackson 1 1 1 1 Johannps \'an Geser Willi'lmus NVucnhousen 1 3' 1 2 1 1 Thomas 1 lardin I 1 2 1 X I 1 I Madam Duhoiso 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 I 1 1 3 2 3 3 ? 3 3 1 1 1 Thomas Koberts 1 2 I 3 1 1 2 1 3 Widdow Howard. 4 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 2 2 1 I 2 1 f 2 1 1 2 1 1 12 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 » Illegible. 174 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. NEW YORK— Continued. Table 90.-NAMES OF MASTERS OF FAMILIES IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BY WARDS, ACCORDING TO THE ENUMERATION MADE ABOUT THE YEAR 1703— Continued. MASTERS OF FAMaYS. Males from 16 to 60. females. Male ChUdren. female Children. Male Negros. female Negros. Male Negro Children. female Negro Children. all above 60. SOUTH -WARD— continued. Adrian Man 4 2 2 1 1 01 2 2 1 1 2 6 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 3 I 2 4 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 7 2 2 1 2 3 Wlddow Lysenncr 3' 1 1 3 2 i 1 1 1 4 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 Wiflftow Phillin"? 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 i 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 3 3 4 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 Johannes Johnson 1 1 1 James Many 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 Johannes Vanrost Mr Vanposon Mr VanKoson 1 1 I 1 Christophr norland 2 2 1 5 4 1 2 Widdow van plank 3 1 1 Johannes Vanderhield 1 1 1 2 Widdow Keisted 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 I 1 4 2 Widdow Deshamp 2 2 1 Mr Antm 2 Wilellmus Navensusen Francis \Mncent 1 2 1 1 1 1 Jacob Maurice 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 Widdow Bush 2 4 1 3 1 Mr Honan 1 Widdow Cortland 5 1 1 1 Widdow Keisteed Hendrick Mester 2' Lydiah Rose Johannes Veckden : .!!!!!!!!!!!] i' 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 4 2 1 1 1 Mancell Hansen 2 1 1 4 2 2" 1 3 2 i Jacob Van Direse E]?azer Bogert Joriz Breger ..'./........ 2 6' 1 '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. I GENERAL TABLES. NEW YOKK— Continued. 175 Table 90.-NAMES OF MASTERS OF FAMILIES IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK. RY WARDS ACCORDING TO THE ENUMERATION MADE ABOUT THE YEAR 1703-ConUnued A^^O^DING TO THE UAaTERS or FAMILYS. Males from 16 to 00. feinales. Male ChUdren. femulo ChUdren. Male Negm. female ChUdren. ■Utbore W. NORTH WARD— continued. Wm Waderson 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 1 Henrv ColoTnan Phitin licllpiiz i ' Joseph Bresser Kaiio Vanderbecck ].!!!!!!.!!!![! 2 1 Jacob Halck ..!!!....!!..!.!! Sanil MarteD i 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 2 J :::::::::::: ::::::::::::I::::::::::: Jo Dicker 1 2 I 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 3' 3 1 John Benteii 1 .!! i !!!"!.!!!!!.!!!!! ] Joseph Paling " ] i i Mr Evert 1 Jacob Swart '.;;::;:::;::: Edwd Lock !^I! !!.'.'! !!!."! Marro yuick i' 1 1 j Isaac Jutor Danl Travore I 1 1 1 1 1 1 llenderick Drimiez Derick Ritenbogert i' 2 6 i' 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 Jan Kart'lse Janetii- dcRraus 1 !.l !. !. 1 Uarmcn dcgraus Andrrw Douwe 1 1 1 1 3 Vochem Lotyer 2 2 i 1 Hendrjck Oostrom Yan TIeslook 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 [ Christian Lowrier 1 Annotie Ijowrier 1 i 2 4 1 Robt Milro 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 S 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 Aljmc Vandyck 1 Suaanna Tocter 1 1 1 2 : Ilanz Kiprstede 2 Wvl'UFKli Vanbos 1.. Direck Slick 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 Enoch Kill 2 1 Reyere Martesc 2 1 1 3l i\ 1 I 6 • Morott 2 2 4 3 1 1 1 Alexander Lazn . 2 2 WmAttell i Mrs Anieker 1 1 2 I 1 2 I 1. 1 •i 81 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 3 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 i. 1.... 2 1 i 1 1 1 1 i :;;;..;:. }i 1 Antiene Vellerton 1 2 1 BneJ I'roovoost i ' •Illegible. 176 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GRO\ATH. NEW YORK— Continued. Table 90 -NAMES OF MASTERS OF FAMILIES IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BY WARDS, ACCORDING TO THE " ' ENUMERATION MADE ABOUT THE YEAR 1703-Continued. MASTERS OF FAMILYS. Males from 16 to 60. females. Male Children. female Children. Male Negros. female Negros. Male Negro ChUdren. female Negro ChUdren. all above 00. NORTH WARD— continued. Denis S weetman Hendrick Boz 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 i' 3 Annetie Henne Mr Vandrick 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Abraham Kip ffrans Vandyck Aaron Vanvhirden John Van strijp Hathman Wessels Peter Yaaokse 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 i 1 1 i' i' Peter Saryo Yan Sivvere YanHille 1 1 2 3 1 3 Yan Yonz i' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 3 3 2 7 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 Swerez Hendricks 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 2 3 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 3 1 5 1 2 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 Yan Keoeck 1 1 4 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 3 1 1 1 1 1 Wm Bogaert 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 4 1 2 1 2 1 Hatie Provoost 2 Martie V'andeheyden « 1 1 1 1 1 1 Barent Lool 1 Garret Onckelbaok 1 Saml Lockeriest 3 9 1 1 " 1 Barnard uz Siait 1 2 Caterina liuotz 1 1 Barnard us Hardebroer 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 Corneliz Loris 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Peter Boz 2 1 9 Garret Burper 1 1 1 2 2 Lavie Vandmirse 2 2 2 3 1 1 "V annetre \V ande Watte Am Reijt 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 i 1 Yan Narhree , 1 1:;:;::::;:::;:;:::::::: 1 I GENERAL TABLES. 177 Table 90. NEW YORK— Continued. -NAMES OF MASTERS OF FAMILIES IX THE CITY OF NEW YORK, HY WARDS, ACCORDING TO THE ENUMERATION MADE ABOUT THE YEAR 1703-Continued. MASTEItS OF FAMILYS. Males from l« tooo. females. Male ChUdren. female ChUdren. Male Negim. female Negros. Male ChuTen. female Ne«ro Children. all utiove U). NORTH WAKiJ— continued, Yan Konce 1 Mrs Boseit 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 Wessell E vereee 1 2 1 2 Bettie Rammesen WEST WARD. Peter Bavard 1 1 1 4 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 AVm Smith Aldermn 2 1 1 1 4 ' 1 Matt: Pe Hart 1 2 Jacoli Vansune 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 3 4 1 1 3 3 1 2 Bar; Laroox 1 1 1 2 1 }smic i)o Boogh 1 3 1 1 2 U 1 1 1 t 2 M rs Jtiini boll 1 1 2 2 1 2 Robt White Catherine While ::::::::::::|::::::::": Vk'm Waloh 1 1 1 1 3 5 3 2 1 I 2 1 1 1 1 2 Dehorah Symconi 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Augu stu s ( ! rassett 1 1 1 2 . . 1 I 2 2 1 1 2 1 Kol)t I'dwanis 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 •1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 ' 1 1 I 1 1 1 Han: Teiiijck 1 1 1 ::::::::::::i:::::::::::: 3 2 2 i i" Isaac Garners 1 1 1 . . Will: Shullwood 4 4 2 4 I 2* i' JoresUiersie Archibald Reed I:;:::::::::l:::::::::::: 1 1 I 1 I.. Edwd Hurley LIcft niirkle'y 1 1 * 1 1 1 1 1 l' ' K :::::::::;:: 1 j' Walter n Boise • """ ',',',','."'.'.'.'.'. Garret C'osyn Alberts Laynderts PaulTuk 1 a' f"^^^"''"''..'' 1 ""; 1 ( , i 1 Phlll:Doley Jno D. Le llountalne 1 3 1 1 2 I--":::::::: v//.'.'.'.y.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..... i ' :::::::::::: Jacob Kuwnlng 178 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 90.- NEW YORK— Continued. -NAMES OF MASTERS OF FAMILIES IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BY WARDS, ENUMERATION MADE ABOUT THE YEAR 1703— Continued. ACCORDING TO THE Males from MASTERS OF F.AMaYS. jg jo gQ. females. Male Children. female Children. Male Negros. female Negros. Male Negro Children. female Negro Children. all above 60. WEST WARD— continued. 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 4 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 2 3 1 2 1 John Swere 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 ' 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 John Williams Romiere 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 1 1 Jacob Hases 3 1 1 Alida Wright 3 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 Griffin Jones 1 1 1 2 3 Hendrick- Johnson 1 Eliz: Waekhara .■ Thomas Coburn 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Richard Green 1 1 Sergeant Smith 1 2 2 2 3 1 1 2 1 2 Pet.er Fauonnnier. 2 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 DOCK WARD, 1 1 Mrs Mogon Zacharie .^ngcam 1 Anthony Davis 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 John Pami i ter 1 1 5 2 1 Nicholas Jamin 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 Widow Alkfield 1 2 2 2 1 3 1 1 1 2 Garret Dyking 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 Catharin Potter 1 3 2 1 1 i' 1 1 3 1 Robert Lurting '__'" 1 1 2 Widdow Taylor David viiiat ;;;; David Logall '.'.'.'.'.'.'.V.'.'. 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 Capt Siines Robt.Skelton '.'.'.'.'.'. 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 i' I ►Illegible. GENERAL TABLES. 179 Table 90. NEW YORK— Continued. -NAMES OF MASTERS OF FAMILIES IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BY WARDS, ACcdRDIXG TO THE ENUMERATION MADE ABOUT THE YEAR 1703-Continued. liASTER.S OF FAMILYS. Ualesfrom 16 to GO. females. Male Chlldicn. female ChUOren. M>le Nagiw. female Necm. Male Nwra Childno. female CuKoi. aU above 00. DOCK WARD— continued. Charles Wooley 3 1 1 1 1 i' I 2 Garret \ anhome Paul Drulett '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 I 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 4 1 2 2 1 Stephen D'lancey \\\ .\ .]...[ ." Jno James Vanveale s' 1 1 i' 1 Wliliiow tIaKet Hendriok Vand:Hull i' i' Peter Ueinoliiis .' John Van home Jacobus vanc-ourtlandt Jaeohws Decay 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 i' 01 2 1 3 2 4 oi' 2 3 1 1 1 i' Jacob fen Eyck Abraham Govemere 1 1 1 1 2 i' 1 1 1 i' 1 English Smith 1 Cornelius Jm-obs s 3 1 I 1 1 1 I I 1 David Provost Junr 1 2 Widdow Sanders 3 1 4 4 3 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 s 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 W illiatn Chainljers 1 1 1 Johannes outraan Issac D Markeys I 2 2 1 W Iddow Lawrence 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 Widdow Sowalls 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 Bartholomew Han 2 1 • Overin Thomas Wenham ... . 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 2 1 3 I 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 W Iddow D. Pyster 2 1 2 1 1 2 John LorrinE . . 1 1 2 1 1 Abraham V: D: waters 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 2 1 1 I 1 1 2 1 i 1 1 Rugert \\ aldron 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 3 i 1 1 John Ilarperding I 1 Avert Klberseye 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 4 » Roger Jones 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 Martin Coock 1 I 2 1 2 1 3 2 1 6 1 I Lawrence \*anhock 1 1 1 Evert Van 1). watr William Kchclos Edward Marshall 1 1 1 1 2 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 i 1 1 3 1 a 3 1 2 r 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 2 1 1 Anthony HutRers John Whltt 2' 1 >IUeglble. 180 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. NEW YORK— Continued. T.BLE 90 -NAME§ OP MASTERS OF FAMILIES IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BY WARDS, ACCORDING TO THE ENUMERATION M-\DE ABOUT THE YEAR 1703— Continued. Males from M.VSTERS OF FAMILVS. 16 tO 60. females. Male Children. female Children. Male Negros. female Negros. Male Negro Children. female Negro Children. all above 60. DOCK WARD— continued. Mr Legrand Nicholiis Materbe 1 1 i' 3 4' • 2' i' i Sanill Leverldg William White Junr Mary W akhain 2 2 ■J 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 i' John Stephens Richd C, reen i 3 I 1 2 3 • n Vurickbookhouse * rence Vessells ♦ ahara Lawkerman Everdas Bopardus 2 1 2 3 3 1 2 i' 1 i' 1 i' William Riclcley Jannet ie Van briekelen 2 1 2 3 1 1 2 i' 2 Gabrll Thiebod Mrs. Mashett 1 2 2 2 1 4 2 Johannes Burger i 2 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 5 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 4 3 1 2 1 1 2 '3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 4 3 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 2 1 1 Will Da 1 2 2 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 * Gracktin 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 I 1 1 1 6 1 2 2 1 1 1 4 1 2 1 Capt Sidinon 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 WasPs Ppterson . 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Solomon Widdow 1 Thomas Sekls John Clapp 2 3 2 1 1 Abraham Holt 6 1 1 Capt Lock 1 Hendrick Van Scoyock 2 3 1 1 Philip Minthome 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * eabor 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 5 2 1 1 * noute 1 2 1 2 Walter Lamas 1 David Mlnvel 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 *- — ^lin Pierson 4 1 2 1 • Illegible. GENERAL TABLES. 181 NEW YORK— Continued. Table 91.-WHITE AND SLAVE POPULATION OK NKW YORK, L\ CERTAIN AGE GROUPS, BY SEX. ACCORDING TO TUE PARTIAL CENSUS OE 1712.' [The returns of this census are Imperfect, '' 'hoP«oP!?.betog deterred by a simple .uperstltlon. and observation that slclcnca toUowed upon the last numbering of the people. > 1 he results here given are compiled from the orlglmil returns. »| "» »• u«j wnrtES. auvn. Total. COf.NTIES. Males under 16. Males be- tween 10 and 00. Males over Ml. Females under lu. Females lOtoUO. Females over tio. Males inidiT Iti. Males over 10. Females undTT 10. Female-i over |i.. Albany * 753 120 688 89 54 11 651 98 076 97 4'J 1 155 12 DlltllKSS < 6 4 122 7 3,329 KlHKs! 445 1.925 5.841 New ^ ork 1,197 105 1,062 98 GO 4 1,182 82 1,208 91 97 S 155 9 821 21 179 11 Richmond 438 1.279 4.413 Suffolk Ulster < 1,092 450 072 929 424 500 114 44 75 1,044 427 577 926 4(10 539 04 30 02 20 68 72 110 148 127 32 T9 m 70 78 72 2,l>18 Total 4,389 3,S50 362 4,061 4,003 314 434 900 410 681 1 22,008 1 Census of th'* State of New- York, 1855, page 5. ' Colonial History of New- York, Vol. V, page 339 " New- York Colonial MSS.. Vol. LVII, Sccre(ar)-'s olllcc. ' Ucturns jiot recvifod until 1714. T.-^BLE 92.— WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION OF THE PROVINCE OE NEW YORK, DISTINGUISHED AS CHILDREN AND ADULTS, BY SEX: 1723.' ILond. Doc. X.XII.l wmiE. KEGROES AND OTTIEB SUIVES. KAME OF THE COUSTV. Men. Women. Male Children. Female Children. Totall of White Persons. Men. Women. Male Children. Fii Cbil.; ' fif i ■ r Sluves. Totall of Tenons. 1,460 335 490 1,508 1,441 1,050 309 276 642 1,512 1,726 320 476 1,599 1,348 951 245 237 453 1,408 1,352 305 414 1,530 l,.'i21 1,048 304 259 503 1,404 1,348 291 394 1,371 1,150 912 239 208 089 1,369 .%880 1,251 1,774 0,008 5,206 3,%1 1,(»7 1,040 2,357 5,093 408 101 171 393 357 155 45 22 227 307 476 03 123 294 307 118 29 14 120 200 220 49 83 228 197 92 42 2 119 146 258 42 07 208 54 83 31 5 94 155 1,302 255 444 1,123 975 448 147 43 650 808 7,248 1 ^M 2,218 7,191 Suffolk 0,241 West Chester ; 4,409 1,244 l.OSi Ulster 2,923 0,501 Totall 9,083 8,763 8,500 8,047 34,393 2,186 1,810 1,178 997 6,in 40,564 1 New York Documentary History, page 471. Table 93.— ^L\LE AND FEMALE POPULATION OF THE PROVINCE OF NEW Y'ORK, ABOVE AND UNDER 10 Y'EAR.'^ OF AGE, BY COLOR, FOR CITIES AND COUNTIES, NOVEMBER 2, 1731.' [MS. in SI4,6I0 11,529 10,243 6,673 143,065 Whites Whites Whites females males ' females above la under 10. imder 10. • New York Documenlar>' Ilistorj-, page 471. 2,250 1,255 2,175 1,130 1,701 914 518 534 571 481 blacks males above ten. blacks females al>o\'e ten. 1,143 2,352 1,178 2,845 1,054 577 2'?3 325 203 203 11,529 10,243 Whites. 1,024 1,212 1,139 955 707 515 208 299 256 298 508 476 239 20B 321 205 85 111 S9 2,932 607 185 363 83 90 196 140 47 98 32 1,853 Blacks males under 10. 346 220 190 124 OS 19 51 13 * Corrected figures. Blacks females under la 185 174 199 83 151 1,044 1,402 1,853 2,933 7,231 The amount Ineai'h counly. 8,023 8.573 7.995 7,075 0,033 3,728 2,150 1.909 1,817 «1,724 •SO, 280 IllK'kS. 76292—09- -13 182 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. NEW YORK— Contir.i^ed. Table 94 -A LIST OF THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS, BOTH WHITES AND BLACKS OF EACH SPECIES, WITHIN THE PitoVM OF NEW YORK, ABOVE AND UNDER THE AGE OF TEN YEARS, TAKEN IN THE YEAR 1737.' [Lond. Doc. XXVI.] New York... Albany West Chester Orange Ulster Dutchess Richmond . . . Kings Queens SuOolk Total. . White Males above 10 years. 3.253 3, 209 2.110 860 1,175 940 488 054 2,407 2.297 17, 393 White Females above 10 years. 3,568 2,995 1,890 753 1,681 860 497 631 2.290 2,353 17, 518 White Males under 10 years. 1,088 1,463 950 501 541 710 289 235 1,395 1,175 8,347 White Females under 10 years. 1,036 1,384 944 433 601 646 266 264 1,656 1,008 Black Males above 10 years. 674 714 304 125 378 101 132 210 400 393 8,238 I 3, 651 Black Females above 10 years. 609 496 254 95 260 42 112 169 370 307 2,714 Black Males under 10 years. 229 223 153 38 124 37 52 84 254 203 1,397 Black Females under 10 years. 207 197 140 35 110 22 53 101 227 187 1,279 Total of each county. 60, 437 Total in 1731. Since in- creased. 2,042 2,108 712 871 1,142 2 1.094 72 198 1,064 248 s 50, 286 no, 151 I New York Documentary History, page 472. ' Corrected figures. Table 9o.-AN ACCOUNT OF THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS OF THE PROVINCE OF NEW YORK, TAKEN 4 JUNE, 1746. BY ORDER OF HIS EXCELLENCY GOVERNOUR CLINTON.' [London Doc. XXVIII.] ClTrES AND COUNTIES, Males white under 16. Males white 16 & under 60. Males white above 60. Females white under 16. Females white 16 and up- wards. Males black under 60. Males black 16 & under 60. Males black above 60. Females black under 16. Females black 16 & up- wards. Total number. City A Co. of N.Y 2,117 350 2,097 435 149 71 2,013 366 2,897 464 419 140 645 167 76 32 735 154 569 152 =11,717 2,331 1,946 2,200 1,887 445 536 2,435 1,022 1,826 2,056 1,835 376 763 2,090 1,044 233 200 226 35 67 303 116 2,077 2,100 1,891 421 871 2,095 972 1,914 1,750 2,016 414 721 1,640 1,000 365 106 329 92 82 187 244 466 160 393 88 99 180 331 61 26 52 13 34 27 43 391 108 315 95 51 138 229 361 100 310 94 44 140 264 9.640 8,806 9,254 2,073 3,268 9,235 5,265 Total 12,938 12,522 1,400 12,806 12,816 1,964 2,529 364 2,216 2,034 61,589 Total white =52,482. ' New York Documentar>' History, O'Callaghan, pape 472. sCorrected iigures. 3 Not possible to be numbered on account of the enemy. Table 96.— AN ACCOUNT OF THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS IN THE PROVINCE OF NEW Y'ORK, TAKEN lOTH MAY, 1749, BY ORDER OF HIS EXCELLENCY THE HONOURABLE GOVERNOUR CLINTON.' [Lond. Doc, XXIX.] CITIES AND COUNTIES. City & Co. ofN. Y.. King's county Albany county Queens county Dutchess county — Suflolk county Richmond county.. Orange coimty Westchester county Ulster county Males white under 16 y'rs. 2,346 288 2,249 1,630 1,970 2,058 431 1,061 2,511 913 Males white 16 & under 60. 2,765 437 2,359 1,508 1,820 1,863 420 856 2,312 992 Males white above 60. 183 62 322 151 160 248 36 66 228 110 Fem'ls white under 16. 2,364 322 2,137 1,550 1,790 1,960 424 992 2,263 810 Fem'ls white 16 & upwards. 3,268 391 2,087 1,778 1,751 1,969 434 899 2,233 979 Total number of whites. Total white. 10,926 1,500 9,154 6,617 7,491 8,098 1,745 3,874 9,547 3,804 02, 756 Males black under 16. 460 232 309 300 103 305 88 62 303 217 Males black 16 & under 60. 610 244 424 386 155 3,55 110 95 270 301 Males black 60 & upwards. Fem'ls black under 16. 556 137 334 245 63 292 93 84 238 198 Fem'ls black 16 & upwards. Total number of blacks.. 701 149 365 349 . 79 293 98 103 279 240 Total black. 2,368 783 1,480 n,323 421 1,286 409 300 l.LiO 1,006 210,592 Total number of Inhabitants, white and black, ' 73,348. 'New York Documentary History, O'Callaghan, page 473. G. CLINTON. 2 Corrected figures. GENERAL TABLES. 183 NEW YORK-Coulinuoil. Table 97.-GENERAL LIST OF INHABITANTS IN THE PROVIXfE OF NEW YORK, EXTRACTED FROM THE RETURNS OF TLiE SHlililFFS OF TUK SEVERAL ( OUNTIES, IN PURSUANCE OF WARRANTS To I'UEM DATED lOTU FEBRUARY, 175G.' CITIES AND COUNTIES. City and County of New York City and County of Albany Ulster County. ..i Dutcbcss County Orange County Westchester County Kings Count y Queens County .* Sulfolk Conn ty , Richmond County , Males under IG. 2,200 3,474 l.iiSS 3,910 1,213 3,153 417 1,90) 2,283 344 Hales above Iti 6i under (X). 2,308 3,795 1,G87 2,873 1,088 2,908 407 2,147 2,141 411 Males GO and upwards. 174 45U ISO 203 74 1,039 84 253 221 107 Females under lii. 2,358 3,234 1,489 3,530 1,083 2,440 358 1,892 2,2l-.5 334 Females above Itj. 3,607 3,846 1,618 2,782 998 2,379 536 2,365 2,335 471 Total. 10,768 14,806 6,605 113,298 •4,150 11,919 1,862 8,617 9,245 1,667 Males under 16. 468 658 328 211 103 296 212 581 278 145 Males aliove 16 & under 60. 604 780 437 270 116 418 214 563 297 92 ^'^^^ , Female. Femal« upwuds. ■indcrlO. abovel6.l 443 496 336 163 n 267 201 50O IM 97 401 aoo 102 M aw 197 470 236 101 TolJ. •2,278 •2, 419 1,500 8» 430 1.338 M4A 2,1)« 1,046 406 Olacka, 113,348. Whites, •83,242. Total. •9it,Sea ' New York Documcntarj' History, O'Callaghan, page 473. 'Corrected Ogures. Table 98.-LIST OF INHABITANTS IN THE SEVERAL COUNTIES IN THE PROVINCE OF NEW YORK, TAKEN IN THE YEAR 1771.' NAMES OF Tire SEVERAL COCNIIES. City & Co. of New York Albany lister Dutchess Orange Westchester Kings Queens Bullolk Richmond Cumb*?rland Gloucester Totals Males under 10. 3,720 9,740 2,835 5,721 2,651 3,813 548 1,253 2,731 616 1,071 178 •34,877 Males above 10 Si under 60. 5.083 9,822 3,02;i 4,687 2,297 5,204 644 2,083 2,834 438 1,002 186 37,302 Males 60 and upwards. 280 1,136 202 384 107 549 70 950 347 96 59 8 4,314 Females under 16. 3,779 9,086 2,601 5,413 2,191 3,483 513 2,126 2,658 508 941 193 Females above 16. 5,864 9,045 3,275 4,839 2,124 5,200 080 2,332 3,106 595 862 151 33,492 I 38,139 Total of whites lo each county. 18,726 38,829 11,996 21,044 9.430 18, .115 2,401 8,744 11,676 2,253 3,935 715 148, 124 Males under 16. 568 876 618 299 162 793 297 374 350 177 4,416 Males above 16, and un- der CO. 1,100 510 417 184 910 287 511 152 6 4 6,372 Males OOand upwards. 42 250 57 34 22 t* 22 271 59 22 1 848 Females i Females under 16. j above 16. Total of blacks In each county. 552 671 422 2)S 120 174 770 887 1 ».l 2ft5 640 634 320 334 100 137 1 2 3 •4.060 6,197 3,137 3,877 1,964 1,300 662 '.1.440 i,l(i2 2,230 1,462 694 •10 •9 •19.803 Total of whites and blacks. 21,863 42,700 13,960 22,404 10.092 '21. 7.15 3.023 10.980 13.128 2.847 '3. 945 •724 •168,017 WM TYRON. Estimated amount of popvlation in 1774- ILond. Doc. .XLIV.] Whites 161.008 Blacks 21,149 Total estimated Population In 1774 182. 247 > New York Documentary History. O'Callaghan. page 474. « Corrected figures. Table 99.— WHITE AND SLAVE POPULATION, AND INDIANS TAXED, IN NEW YORK, IN CERTAIN AGE GROUPS, BY SEX: 1786.' Albany Dutchess Kings Montgomery. New York . Orange Queens Richmond. Bullolk Ulster I Washington. Westchester. Total. Males under 16 years. 17.703 8.209 642 3,564 4,360 3.382 2,441 616 2,917 4,971 1.130 4.972 Males above 16 and under GO years. 15.860 6,973 776 3,487 6,742 3,182 2,717 622 3,141 4,792 1,162 4,477 I Males , Females above 60 luder 16 years. years. 1,364 628 342 247 295 43 334 464 68 491 16.A44 7,700 619 3,844 540 2.700 4.381 l.llS 4,641. Females aliove 16 years. 64,807 I 52.927 I 4.731 61,766 16,093 7,481 76« 3,416 .: li' I OS* 3.R33 4.^..'. Male negroes. 2,835 830 606 217 896 442 I.IXI 309 yi7 1 . .^•.1 Female negroes. 2,366 816 622 188 1 , -1 17 r. ' l.ic. 324 601 1.309 7 601 Indlani who pay 66,766 9,621 9.308 Total. 73,380 Si,638 3,988 16,067 23,614 14,083 13.084 3.162 13.793 :•: 1 1.1 238.897 1 Census of the State of New York. 1865. 184 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. NEW JERSEY. Table 100 -AN ACCOUNT OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE PROVINCE OF NEW JERSEY, DISTINGUISHING THEIR AGE, SEX, AND COLOUR, TAKEN IN THE YEAR 1726.' [From P. R. O. B. T. New Jersey, Vol. Ill, E 32, and N. Y. Col. Docts., Vol. V, page 819.1 WHITES. NEGROES. Total of both. NAMES OF COUNTYS. Males above 16. Females above 16. Males under 16. Females under 16. Total ol whites. Males above 16. Females above 16. Males under 16. Females under 16. Total of negroes. 953 992 1,234 582 509 1,080 892 008 1,060 209 878 1,021 1,061 502 509 983 743 462 861 156 1,016 983 1,095 403 556 965 851 526 1,015 148 859 926 1,056 405 547 844 750 529 891 141 3,706 3,922 4,446 1,892 2,181 3,872 3,236 2,125 3,827 654 90 92 170 126 173 86 43 32 52 8 73 78 90 96 121 63 45 21 38 5 73 70 88 87 100 53 32 24 35 1 67 68 85 70 98 65 21 27 25 303 308 433 379 492 257 141 104 150 14 4,009 4,230 4,879 2,271 2,673 4,129 3,377 22,229 3,977 Cape May 668 8,179 7,176 7,558 6,948 29,861 872 630 563 616 2,581 32,442 Sent to the Lords of Trade by Gov. Burnet May 9th, 1727. "I now send Your Lordships an account of all the Inhabitants of New Jersey, as they were taken by the Sherids of the severall Countys. They are about three-quarters of the Inhabitants of New York."— Ed. 1 New Jersey Archives, Vol. V, page 164. ' Corrected figures. Table 101.— WHITE AND SLAVE POPULATION OF NEW JERSEY, ABOVE AND UNDER 16 YEARS OF AGE, BY SEX: 1737-38. WHITES. NEGROES New Jersey Archives, Vol. VI, pages 242, 243. 2 Corrected figures. GENERAL TABLES. 185 MARYLAND. Table 103.-AN ACCOUNT OF THE NUMBER OP SOULS IX THE PROVINCE OF MARYLAND, IN THE YEAR 1755.' NAME or THE COUNTY. TAXABLE PERSONS 16 YEAHS OF AOE. Whites. Mulaltoes. Free. Servants. Men. I I hired ' Men, Men. I or In- con- dent- vlcts, Baltimore i 2,630 Ann ArundeU I 1,534 Calvert i 609 Prince George 1,515 Frederick 2,775 Charles I 1,929 St. Mary's. Worcester. Somerset.. Dorset Talbot Queen .\nne's. Kent CecU Total. 561 1,768 1,343 1,950 1,223 1,745 1,454 1,345 S95 438 124 255 216 173 194 45 31 172 294 284 365 390 472 184 73 94 205 29 1 1 7 25 287 82 47 Free. Hen. Wom- 23,386 I 3,576 1,507 Slaves. Men. Wom- 72 33 7 120 Blacks. Free. Men. 119 Wom- en. 69 Slaves. rasaoMS NOT taxablk. Whlta. MoIatfaMi. Blacks. Free. Hen. 1,144 1,472 SSO 1,278 437 1,196 822 401 637 624 647 643 «9I Wonj- 1,060 519 151 314 950 761 359 571 514 595 672 523 216 10,828 >7,938 Clergy. Men, poor. Wom- en. 2,687 1,539 639 1,680 2,213 1,777 1,806 1,964 I,4'i6 2,097 1,296 1,843 1,448 1,186 Servants, women. Hired or In- Con' dent- vlcts. ed. 200 93 61 5S 163 106 164 37 37 126 160 190 181 282 35 637 |23,521 Past labor or Past labor or cripples. cripples. Ftee. 8 4 10 73 a 12 A 8 Slaves. Fraa. Staves. 47 39 32 49 44 37 44 30 32 U 13 386 99 58 I 596 N.VME or THE COUNTY. PERSONS UNDER 16 1-EARS OP AGE. Whites. Free. Baltimore Ann .\rundell Calvert Prince George Frederick Charles St. Mary's Worcester Somerset Dorset Talbot Queen Anne's Kent CecU Total . . . Servants . ,„„„ hired, or in- »<" v-uits, dented. Boys. I Girls. Boys. Oh-ls. 3,115 1,913 861 1,840 3,246 1,681 1,845 2,067 1,330 2,347 1,322 2,037 1,527 1,506 2,951 1,705 745 1,674 3,105 1,799 1,764 2,083 1.232 2,222 1,197 1,864 1,423 1,372 126 82 48 33 80 228 29 28 12 54 57 82 134 55 26,637 {25,136 I 1,048 convicts. Boys. Gills. 67 Mulattoes. Blacks. Free. Slaves. Slaves. Boys. Girts. Boys. Girls. Boys. Oirls. tBoys. I Girls. I 23 17 ' 55 : 19 , 81 58 20 108 959 1,314 671 1,340 465 1,145 862 SGI 875 666 579 621 650 275 1,041 1,321 64.'; 1,239 473 1,197 839 511 891 681 657 603 M3 252 AOOREGATE. Whiles. 12,886 7,648 3.137 7.210 12,036 8,095 7.501 8.0>',4 5. S0\ 9,041 5.623 8,461 6,743 6.247 Mulat- toes. 312 210 146 302 152 428 366 15« 159 164 382 282 116 Blacks. TotaL 4.040 5.2112 2.432 4. KM ' 1,7S1 I 4.533 I 3,3X7 !■ 1,90.5 3,(tH 2.548 17,238 13. 1.10 .I.TIS ll.r.ie 13,9A9 1.1. 056 11.2,M 10.125 X.ftS2 11,753 2,528 8,533 2,487 11.240 2,584 i 9,443 1,0.11 7,731 10,983 :11.003 i|108,193 j 3,608 i 41,704 li 153,505 ' Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. XXXIV, page 261. > Corrected flguies. GENERAL TABLES DERIVED FROM THE FIRST AND SUBSEQUENT CENSUSES 1790-1900 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. 188 Table 104. -POPULATION AS REPORTED ATTHE FIRST CENSUS, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790. MAINE. COUNTY AND TOWN. Cumberland county. Bakerstown plantation Bridcton Brunswick Bucklown plantation Butterficld plantation Cape Elizabeth Durham Falmouth Flintiitott-n plantation Freeport ■ ■ Gorham and Scarborough Gray Ilarpswell New Gloucester North Yarmouth Otisfield plantation Plantation No. 4 Portland Raymondtown plantation R u'sfield gore ■ Scarborough (see Gorham and Scar- boroU(^h). ShcpardsBeld plantation Standish Turner Waterford plantation Windham Total. 25,530 WHITE POPULATION IN 1790. Hancock county. Barret tstovrn. Belfast Bluehill Camden Canaan . 1,270 329 1,387 453 189 1,356 722 2,995 190 1,327 4,476 577 1,071 1.358 1,923 197 344 2,239 345 102 528 705 349 160 938 9,542 Conduskeeg plantation 1 >cer Isle Ducklrap Eastern River township No. 2 Eddy township Frankfort Gouldsl>orough IsleboroLigh Mount nesert Orphan Island Orrinijton Penobscot Sedgwick Small islands not belonging to any town Sullivan Trenton (including township No. 1, east side of Union river) Tomiship No. 1 (Bucks) Township No. 6 (west side of Union rivers Vinalhaven Lincoln county. 173 245 274 331 132 567 683 278 240 110 891 267 382 744 124 477 1,010 569 66 504 312 316 239 678 29,733 Balltown Bath Boothbay Bow'doin Bowdoinham Bristol Canaan Carratnnk Carrs plantation, or Unity Cbestcr plantation Gushing Ed L^t'cornb Fairneld Gpon:olown ('•Tfat Pond plantation Grectie Ilallowell 1 1 uncock Hunts Meadow Jones plantation Lewistown and gore adjoining. J.ittic liiver i ,i1 tlol lorotigh plantation I,iv<'rriiore, east side of .\ndroscoggin rivt^r Meduncook New ("astle Males. 16 years and over. Under 10 years. 6,208 6,624 12,519 289 100 355 96 49 341 161 648 64 333 1,108 148 253 320 464 50 89 5lorneld Cl.in^inont Cornish Crov'lon Dublin FllzwiUiam Gilsotn Ilins'lale Jallriy Koone I.antjdon Leinpster Marlborough Marlow New Grantham. NewTMit Packorsficld Plalnficld Proli'ctworth... Richmond Rln.lOT Slodilard Sullivan Scirry Swanzey Inily Waliiole Wasliincton Wendell Westmoreland.. Winchester Grafton county. 705 1,112 1,094 l,g03 1,423 9S2 5311 899 1,038 298 524 1.238 1,307 244 415 786 319 333 779 724 1,024 210 1,380 1,143 701 220 448 1,155 538 1,254 545 2G7 2,0(10 1,209 13,408 Alexandria Bartlett Balh BridKOwater Burton Cambridge (not Inhabited) Campion Canaan Chatham Co<-kl)um Cockermouth Coll'ume Com ord (alias Gunthwalte) Coventry Dalton Dame's Location Dartmouth Dorchester Dtiinmer (not inhabited) Enfield (ali;isUelhan) E rrol ( not Inhabited) Franconia Cratton Hale's l.ocation Hanover (including l.W students at Dartmouth College) Hart's l^ooation Haverhill Kilkenny (not inhabited) Lancaster LandafT Lebanon Lincoln Littleton Lyman Lyme Milineld (not inhabited) New Chester New I loldemess Northumberland Orange Ortord Peeling (not inhabited) Percy Piemiont Plymouth Rumney Senter's' I.ocation Shelbume Stark's Location Sterling's Location Stratford WHITE POPULATION IN 1790. Males. 16 years and over. Under 16 years. 7,008 I 7,567 14,090 Fe- males. 21)8 307 441 348 238 121 227 2.55 70 127 285 319 58 110 175 73 90 187 170 259 5G 332 276 162 48 117 291 133 327 137 70 473 298 3,7CS 197 285 254 S32 389 258 150 223 278 64 142 336 318 76 95 219 90 S8 198 208 277 49 368 306 194 68 111 286 139 335 135 64 524 311 3,311 297 248 493 281 141 395 483 58 26 373 29 313 88 14 21 111 175 724 72 403 9 1,379 12 552 161 292 1,180 22 96 202 816 312 329 117 131 540 48 426 625 411 8 35 29 79 55 117 84 34 113 137 17 9 94 10 91 21 3 4 34 48 188 22 476 3 163 45 75 375 8 28 57 231 70 96 34 32 140 14 103 182 97 5 12 8 3 44 87 57 136 62 45 79 123 13 5 104 6 75 20 4 8 25 45 173 348 558 531 928 682 484 262 444 505 164 251 606 663 IDS 207 392 156 153 389 343 486 104 680 554 344 103 220 572 265 589 273 133 998 595 6,340 All other free per- sons. 131 { 135 239 134 62 202 223 28 12 175 13 147 47 7 9 52 82 18 110 2 297 4 118 45 80 282 5 26 39 103 73 27 37 125 11 113 142 113 32 194 4 596 5 266 70 Slaves. COUNTY AND TOWN. Total. Grafton county— Continued. Success (not inhabited) Thornton Tmcoihick (not iniiablted) Wales's Location Warren Wenlworth Uiilsborough county.. Amherst Andover .\ntrim Bedford Boscawen Bradford Campion's Gore Dearmg Dern'lield DcrrWield Gore Dunliarlon l>unstable Dti.xhury Mile.slip.. Fisherslield Frances town Gotlstown Hancock Ileniker Hillsborough Mollis llopkinton Kersar^re Gore Litchlleld Lyndborotigh l.yndborough Gore. Mason Merriniac New Boston New Ipswich New London Nottingham West... Peterborough Kaby Salisbury Sharon Society Land Sutton Temple Warner \\'eare Wilion WHITE roPDLATlOM Ol 1790. yean and 385 S 206 241 32,883 96 1 62 5« 8,145 2,360 645 536 897 1,108 217 120 938 362 30 921 634 160 325 983 1,275 0.14 1,124 798 1,441 1,715 103 360 1,280 38 922 819 1,204 1,241 311 1,004 861 338 1,362 280 329 520 747 863 t 1.924 1,097 571 166 138 210 282 56 28 213 92 10 209 179 39 68 232 324 156 266 193 340 445 27 99 313 11 215 209 313 338 69 267 221 86 335 68 84 132 177 220 491 253 Rockingham county 43,184 11,141 71 I 137 515 9 I 42 106 392 I 8 1. 160 56 61 272 Aliensiown .\tkinson Bow Brintwood Candia Canterbury Chester Chichester I Concord lieerlield East Kingston I Kpping ; Epsom Exeter C,osfH>rt (on Star Island). (Jri-enland llampsteo'l I Hampton ; ilampton Falls I llawke I Kensington I Kingston * Londonderry ' lx>udon \..u, i-tle 255 480 I 566 I 976 I 1,040 1,048 ; 1,899 492 1,738 1,613 358 1,255 830 1,722 93 634 725 853 540 422 604 905 2,604 1,074 I ,U4 68 129 147 255 246 295 490 137 494 444 90 338 200 437 32 170 195 238 ISO 101 233 244 676 273 ir. Onder males. 16 years. 98 191 AO ottacr tree per- 23 206 297 201 3 18 16 4 65 I .Nuiiiu»:huin Felhatn I'embrook Pittslield I s^j Plaistow 516 Poplin I «3 Portsmouth <,730 3 2 I 64 80 73^ 112 8,392 16,170 4 176 575 167 144 240 274 60 35 364 95 4 344 146 45 105 334 303 160 325 211 378 417 37 87 349 8 342 307 303 3S5 90 346 213 89 385 63 89 122 196 195 500 270 1,205 312 244 440 551 101 57 459 175 16 448 308 85 152 517 614 315 525 303 723 852 « 166 618 19 462 393 578 614 152 544 I 423 ' 160 640 129 156 266 368 448 : 931 562 18 Oa* 7 1 2 20 1 =1 8 1 1 " 3 10 10 4 9.667 '21,987 292 97 2oi , 134 136 1,158 I -.'" 414 4 123 299 104 251 i I 973 2,4!.7 78 at 190 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 104. -POPULATION AS REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790- Continued. NEW HAMPSHIRE— Continued. Total. ■WHITE POPULATION IS 1790. All other tree per- sons. Slaves. COUNTY AND TOWN. Total. WHITE POPULATION IN 1790. All other free per- sons. Males. Fe- males. Males. Fe- males. Slaves. 16 years and over. Under 16 years. 16 years and over. Under 16 years. Rockingham county— Cont'd, 727 865 1,218 562 715 449 882 ^663 23,611 177 226 287 138 178 125 229 156 181 1S9 294 115 178 82 158 173 361 439 626 309 357 241 486 328 11,596 8 8 9 3 2 Strafford county— Continued. Lee 1,036 592 882 617 565 554 445 652 339 2,852 1,587 905 945 3 48 266 109 646 447 277 167 248 151 133 139 108 171 86 728 415 216 248 2 10 67 29 158 110 224 126 211 162 148 140 118 173 82 740 424 243 211 ....... 72 20 195 120 533 295 419 304 283 275 212 306 171 1,383 748 446 481 1 25 126 60 293 217 I 4 RVP Madbury Merideth Middleton Salem Siiniio \vn 2 1 8 1 64 i 5 21 Moiil t onborough 1 New Durham New Durham Gore 7 2 New Hampton Ossipee 6,012 5,918 1 807 2,481 574 1,996 1,246 254 153 2,610 192 608 149 547 336 60 42 615 214 650 146 418 271 72 43 682 400 1,221 279 1,005 634 122 67 1,290 2 1 Somersworth ' 4 is 2 8 3 Sterling's I^ocation 1 Tuftonborougll 22 1 1 W aken e 1 d I VERMONT. Addison county — Addison Bridport Bristol Cornwall Ferrisburg Hancock Kingston ' Leicester Middlebury Monkton New Haven Fan ton Salisbury Shoreham Vergennes Weybritlge Whiting Bennington county Arlington Bennington Bromley Dorsett Glastonbury Landgrove Manchester Pownal Reedsborough Rupert Sandgate Shaftsburj- Stamford." Sunderland Winhall Woodford Chittenden county . Alburgh Bakersneld Bolton Burlington Cambridge Cambridge Gore Charlotte Colchester Duxhnry Elmore Essex Fairfax Fairfield Fletcher Georgia Highgate ITinesburgh Hungerford Huntsburgh Hydespark Isle Mott Jerico Johnson Middlesex Milton Minden 402 450 211 825 481 56 101 344 395 449 717 220 444 701 201 174 249 12,206 992 2.350 71 957 34 31 1,278 1,732 (53 1,034 773 1,990 272 414 155 60 7,287 446 13 88 330 359 15 635 137 39 12 354 254 126 47 340 103 454 40 46 43 47 381 93 60 283 18 1,708 1,656 108 123 53 214 137 18 26 94 125 122 180 57 122 198 73 3,103 252 628 21 240 6 7 3.38 418 16 251 198 491 69 113 39 18 2,251 147 4 21 108 108 3 189 42 9 7 118 85 43 13 105 26 127 16 25 10 18 115 31 16 90 6 106 122 57 218 119 11 31 81 92 134 218 06 107 161 35 41 57 3,205 252 601 19 230 11 4 339 498 15 289 189 528 65 101 46 18 1,761 106 4 26 68 84 6 142 40 18 1 76 61 28 14 80 31 115 8 10 12 13 90 16 19 65 6 2,959 186 205 101 393 213 27 44 169 176 193 319 97 215 337 79 84 121 5,865 488 1,101 31 487 17 20 596 815 32 404 380 907 137 199 69 20 3,252 189 5 41 151 167 6 301 55 12 4 100 108 55 20 155 45 212 11 11 18 16 176 46 25 128 6 37 20 23 Chittenden county — Cont'd. More town Morristown New Huntington New H untington Gore North Hero St. Albans St. George Shelbume Smithfield South Hero Starksborough Swan ton Underbill Waitsfield Waterbury Westford Wilhston Wolcott Orange county. Bamet Barton (not inhabited) Berlin BilljTnead (not inhabited) Bradford Braintree Brookfield Brownington (not inhabited)... Brunswick Burke (not inhabited) Cabot Calais Caldersburgh (not inhabited) . . . Canaan Chelsea Concord Corinth Danville Dewev's Gore Fairley Ferdinand (not inhabited) Glover (not inhabited) Granby (not inhabited) Greensborough Groton Guildhall Hardwick Ifarris Gore (not inhabited) Hopkins Grant (not inhabited). Lemington Lewis (not inhabited) Littleton Ivunenburgh Lyndon Maidstone Marshfield (not inhabited) Minehead (not inhabited) Montpelier Navy (not inhabited) Newark (not inhabited) Newbury NorthfieUl Orange (not inhabited) Peachura Randolph Random (not inhabited) 24 10 136 31 125 256 57 387 70 S37 40 74 59 61 93 03 469 32 10, 526 477 'i34' 654 221 419 122 45 19 239 49 578 574 48 403 19 45 158 3 31 63 119 125 872 40 3(>5 893 10 6 34 10 40 89 14 108 28 164 15 22 16 21 22 23 136 11 2,873 137 "is' 158 61 113 4 77 18 147 165 12 132 225 10 102 227 40 7 25 61 17 103 14 128 6 25 12 16 27 8 120 7 2,765 176 66 116 15 5 62 12 156 139 IS 120 222 10 90 237 4 62 14 67 105 26 176 28 245 19 27 31 24 44 32 213 14 4,847 207 10 100 19 275 270 18 210 413 20 173 429 I GENERAL TABLES. TA„..P.104.-P0rri.ATI0N AS REPORTED ATTUEKIRSTCENSUS.BYC0UXT1ESAXI.MI.X0U.IVILDIVISI0NS: 17 Conliiniwl. 191 90— VEK M O NT-Conllnucd. COUNTV AND TOWN. Orange coanty — Continued. Roxbury Uyecatc .St. .Vmirews (not Inhabited) > t. Johrisbury Sliollifld (not Inhabited) Slraironi Tlietfonl Topslmni Tunlirl.lge \'ershi re \'ictory (not inhabited) Watiien Wal'len's Gore Washinj.'ton Westmoro (not inhabited) \\'hpploclc Wildersliurgh ■ Williamstown Winloolc (not inhabited) Woodbury (not inhabited) Rutland county Benson Brandon Ca.stleton Chittenden Clarenorough Partridgefleld Pittsfltld Richmond 2,041 425 577 751 261 554 759 1,373 1,204 2.142 1.170 1,169 344 261 67 464 1,5.50 1,041 1,982 1,255 4,200 4,093 8,677 631 266 420 420 545 35 142 •ICO 324 301 650 102 142 195 62 129 187 328 295 522 286 279 96 57 13 93 395 2.50 491 336 623 290 431 305 593 27 99 1,301 575 974 816 1,243 72 21 4f.« 1,015 279 .586 252 , 5(10 665 1,324 7,790 561 121 173 187 73 134 191 315 322 547 310 299 84 78 21 126 400 279 497 291 14,794 1,003 191 262 362 125 283 378 664 .586 1,058 .571 674 164 126 33 243 742 .509 949 624 372 3 3 38 11 174 2 i 47 [ 4 2 ! 33 I 323 Berkshire county— Continued. Sandislleld SandisSeld- south 11,000 acres ad- joining Shemeldf Stockbridgo Tyringhani , Washington , West Stockl. ridge Williainstown Wdtiamstown— in the gore adjoin- ing Windsor Zoor plan tat Ion ' Bristol county 31,096 Attleborough Berkley Dartmouth DIghton Easton Freetown Mansfield New Bedford Norton Rarnham Rcnoboth Somerset Swaniey i - Taunton 3.soi Wotport i 2.403 Dukes county. ^ ?'■'■ Chllmark Edgartown , 1 , .144 Tisbury I 1,140 ; 612 5S.5 »12 1,«28 1,571 379 379 8M 8 161 1.893 37 467 43 462 81 932 S2 1,336 311 322 639 M 1,397 337 368 683 588 143 llfl 283 3 1,113 260 298 545 10 1,709 445 454 865 i 51 916 8 222 22 233 21 454 7 ' 78 16 7.956 20 6.939 43 16.071 1, . .. 31,096 730 2.167 505 4,51 1,1.33 18 850 213 179 446 13 2,500 645 .541 1.231 8S 1 . 7!".l 41'. 409 879 89 1 1 ■' 379 704 17 ' 465 1,121 5.5 |f« 509 5 -, ■ I '-'" 1,686 38 1 ■;.-> ;■■ 730 ' 543 .'.40,^ , 13 29 91 823 711 1,696 25 199 , 336 3881 1,57 318 236 405 683 009 10 8 7 > Schedules ml.sslng. A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. 192 T.B.. 10. -POPULATION AS REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS. BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790- lAiii-t. xw«. i Continued. MASSACHUSETTS-Continued. COUNTY AND TOWN. Total. WHIT E POPULATION IN 1790. Males. Essex county P^' 8^" Amesbury '■ Andover | ^ Beverly. Boxfor'd Bradford Danvers Gloucester Haverhill Ipswich Lynn Lynnfield Manchester Marblehead Methuen Middleton Newbury Newbur j*port Rowley ." Salem Salisbury Topsfield Wenliam Hampshire county. Amherst Ashfield Belchertown Bemardston Blandford Brirafield Buckland Charlemont Chester Chesterfield Colrain Conway Cummington Deerfield Easthampton Goshen Granby Granville Greenfield Greenwich Hadley Hatfield Heath Holland Leverett Leyden Lonsmeadow Ludlow Middlefield Monson ^ Montague Montgomery New Salem Northampton ' Northfield Norwich Orange Palmer Pelham Plainfield Plantation No. 7. Rowe -■.. Shelburne Shutesbury South Brimfield.. South Hadley Southampton Southwick Springfield Sunderland Ware Warwick Wendell West Springfield. Westfiekl Westhampton Whatelv Wilbraham Williamsburgh. 801 802 295 925 371 424 317 404 503 291 491 959 601 295 682 ,970 ,817 ,772 917 779 781 602 59,656 16 years and over. 14,258 1,233 1.458 1,485 690 1,416 1,213 718 665 1,119 1,183 1,418 2,093 873 1,328 457 681 590 1,980 1.498 1,045 882 703 379 428 524 989 744 560 603 1,331 908 449 1,543 1,628 868 737 784 809 1,040 443 540 443 1,183 674 606 759 829 841 1,674 462 773 1,244 519 2,367 2,206 682 735 1,553 1,049 Worthingtou ' 1,117 Under 16 years. 12,567 30, 182 470 741 748 247 378 625 1,267 612 1,151 625 119 233 1,265 338 164 1,038 1,153 453 1,846 457 214 114 15,109 384 612 739 191 263 486 1,218 535 920 514 108 202 1,327 293 140 844 1,072 306 1,707 381 156 109 15,009 Fe- males. All other tree per- sons. 944 1.415 1,750 481 725 1,279 2,791 1,250 2,414 (1,132 201 515 2,982 063 362 2,047 2,525 944 4,104 931 398 269 29,087 451 335 354 370 175 345 318 164 166 285 283 348 500 237 352 127 161 164 497 391 271 240 199 86 115 126 209 200 134 154 336 236 110 390 498 224 186 186 215 240 106 135 119 300 160 144 209 226 215 415 123 189 277 130 630 527 162 184 380 258 287 872 3 94 58 6 5 34 41 7 78 20 3 9 87 1 16 41 67 9 200 10 13 10 Slaves. 287 369 390 172 359 309 191 173 300 317 371 558 212 306 108 185 154 501 390 265 187 117 105 97 129 297 182 158 172 324 219 116 387 341 224 197 203 186 277 118 l.W 122 273 196 171 181 178 217 3.59 101 205 308 147 525 566 185 199 393 261 278 609 734 713 343 703 584 363 326 527 581 088 1,022 419 646 221 327 276 909 714 504 430 343 188 204 268 481 356 266 277 0.53 451 221 705 771 415 350 395 396 617 214 249 202 598 315 291 359 418 397 787 237 378 057 242 1.160 1,055 333 351 755 620 647 COUNTY AND TOWN. Middlesex county . Acton §53 Ashbv Bedford Billerica Boxborough Cambridge Carlisle Charles town Chelmsford Concord Dracut Dunstable East Sudbury Framlngham Groton Holliston Hopkinton Lexington Lincoln Littleton Maiden Marlborough Medford Natick Newton Pepperell Reading Sherburn Shirley Stoneham Stow Sudbury Tewksb'ury Townsend Tyngsborough on north side of Mer- rimack Tyngsborough on south side of Mer- rimack Waltham Watertown Westford Weston Wilmington Wobum Total. 42,769 WHITE POPULATION IN 1790. Males. Nantucket county. Sherburn.. Plj-mouth county. Abington Bridgewater Carver Duxborough Halifax Hanover Kingston Marshfield Middleborough. Pembroke Pl>-mouth Plymton Rochester Scituate Wareham Bellingham Boston Boston, islands in the harbor., Braintree Brookline Chelsea Cohasset Dedham Dorchester Dover Foxborough Franklin Hingham Hull. Medfield Med way... ■61 523 1,191 412 2,109 656 1,589 1,144 1,585 1,217 380 801 1,598 1,840 874 1,316 941 740 854 1,0.32 1,552 1,030 010 1,364 1,132 1,802 868 677 381 800 1,288 965 993 181 202 880 1,091 1,229 1,009 710 1,724 4,665 16 years and over. Under 16 years. 11,071 4,656 29,512 1,463 4,953 847 1,457 664 1,084 1,006 1,269 4,524 1,964 2,995 956 2,642 2,854 854 Suffolk county 44, 865 735 038 282 775 484 409 817 659 722 482 6.83 ,101 ,085 120 731 ,040 9,620 21,486 216 187 150 336 100 634 149 395 327 414 310 107 206 394 477 236 310 251 180 223 239 431 262 141 332 286 480 249 100 108 205 324 237 273 44 62 232 319 301 266 181 452 1,201 1,201 7,493 357 1,250 214 378 178 268 201 386 1,166 480 749 233 680 692 202 11,366 187 4,325 192 6S7 1.52 133 188 438 488 119 106 305 605 24 201 285 Fe- males. All other free per- sons. 204 194 117 256 86 464 99 300 233 312 284 79 176 350 429 199 329 212 184 177 214 336 215 133 301 245 386 211 166 83 196 287 231 244 50 46 207 260 306 226 172 394 1,017 592 427 309 254 595 217 1,063 306 809 672 830 684 193 410 828 929 424 665 470 370 438 559 778 525 300 696 581 906 392 354 182 397 675 480 472 87 87 431 511 618 604 345 865 2,303 Slaves. i,536 339 1,121 214 322 155 235 222 210 1,051 433 646 220 606 654 208 2,303 14,984 6 1 2 5 9 58 2 26 12 29 39 1 9 26 5 16 12 8 6 16 20 8 34 36 26 20 31 6 2 8 3 2 7 4 742 2,457 407 747 329 546 505 645 2,284 998 1,646 499 1,302 1,543 434 9,333 23,104 184 3,376 25 640 94 94 212 300 345 112 169 235 454 31 120 208 362 9,676 60 1,430 225 221 417 844 859 247 348 658 1,102 63 395 521 34 499 15 125 12 10 2 35 18 28 24 43 54 4 64 65 10 1,062 2 761 5 18 13 21 1 Schedules missing. GENERAL TABLES. Table 104. -POPULATION AS REPORTED AT TUE FIRST CENSUS. BY COUNTIES AND Continued. 193 MINORCIVIL DIVISIONS: 17'mouth Wrenthani 1,039 1,109 2,224 1,034 1,994 1,007 1,469 1,766 Worcester county 50,764 Ashburnham Athol Barre Berlin Bolton Bovlston Broolcncld Charlton Douglas Dudley Fitchburgh ! 1 Fitchburgh— In the gore adjoining. . .1 Garriner Gerry Grafton Hard wick 1 Harvard 1 HoUlen i 1 n ubbardston Lancaster 1. Leicester 1 , Leominster 1 Leominster— In the gore adjoining. . . 271 272 618 256 484 254 346 470 14,600 212 219 426 129 237 227 784 501 267 265 265 2 121 177 241 459 362 278 221 387 286 314 5 Under males. 16 years. AU other tree per- i sons. Slaves. 205 269 459 258 477 251 308 387 13,664 {28,091 536 555 1,107 515 1,012 497 747 ' 907 409 2G0 205 401 138 171 183 765 490 264 275 300 6 156 182 210 393 298 267 257 313 248 254 10 475 419 748 245 447 416 1,547 ' 970 I 548 549 I 585 l> 253 379 421 857 716 532 440 737 537 613 12 Cin-\TV \\r' ToW.V- WHITE PfiruLATION IN 179U. Total. Mala. 16 Fo- years p^""'*'' 'natof. and I .';•, over. >™"- 13 I 11 15 |. 23 . 8 '. 8 '. Worcester county— Continued. Lunenburgh Mendon [ 'i Middlesex gore (adjoining' Stiir- brldge; Mlltord ."" New Bralnlree North borough Northljridge !!!!... Oakliam Oxford '..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Oxford, north gore ',.'.'.'.['.'.'.'. Oxford, south gore Pax ton ' ; Petersham "I Princeton i Princeton— In the gore adjoining Royalslon Rutland Shrewsbury Southborough Spencer Sterling Sturbrldge Sutton Templelon Upton Uxbrldge Ward Westborough Western Westminster WInchendon Worcester 1,277 1,556 i.l'j 569 772 995 74 163 558 1,5i3 31 r2 257 3S3 485 37 80 271 781 £04 !,-] 52t. 473 442 661 687 854 1,297 492 392 636 227 430 414 5S5 4.U 949 AU other fr«e per- •ons. 13 14 4 I i i Slaves. ^! RHODE ISLAKD. Bristol county 3, 211 Banington ' 683 Bristol 1,412 Warren 1, 1 16 Kent county 8,851 Coventry | 2,483 East Greenwich I 1,S26 Warwick 2, 490 West Greenwich 2, 052 Newport county 14, 351 Jamestown 507 Little C'ompton I,.'j29 Middletown 840 New Shoreham 681 Newport 6, 744 Portsmouth 1, 600 Tiverton 2,450 165 327 286 677 1,558 144 292 241 2,158 2,128 645 428 566 519 3,256 633 393 516 586 2,856 100 357 214 154 1,460 402 569 91 356 161 133 1,244 350 521 lOO 330 677 551 4,153 1, 165 920 1,151 917 7,062 35 72 222 "20 805 232 771 424 290 3,393 792 1,160 5 13 35 10 372 68 I 22 26 .Wi 421 37 175 I 16 23 15 48 226 19 25 Providence county 24, 376 Cranston Cimiljerland Foster Clocestcr Johnston North Providence.. Providence Scitiiate Smithlleld 1,877 , 1,966 2,268 4,016 1.320 1.071 6.371 2.316 3.171 ' Washington county 18.323 ;;? ! Charlestown I 2.023 Exeter 2,496 Ilopkinton ' 2. 464 North Kingstown | 2.904 Richmond ' 1.7' Sotuh Kingstown 1 4,:; Westerly 2,:- ■ 6,155 444 503 528 9S6 333 270 1,709 563 819 3.709 345 SS3 522 5,486 '11,877 I 777 408 4S5 «13 995 2! ••ui'Tshfld 59 Norwalk \ Stamford / 117 32 5 98 36 256 Windsor 19 Litchfield county 203 Rldgelield 1.056 1,475 1.367 1.317 20.278 "27' ...... 191 39 14 5 11 3 12 4 Stratford 19 S Weston Kent Hartford county Litchfield gQ 25 21 Berlin 2, 4% 2.468 3,012 2,581 1,805 , 632 592 787 712 476 562 615 668 561 393 1,288 1,242 1,519 1,274 923 12 17 7 26 2 2 Souihbury 1,734 775 1,877 3,143 2,041 1 « East Hartford 'I 13 Washington S East Windsor Waiertown 11 Enfield Woodbury 11 194 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROT\TH. Table 104.— POPULATION AS REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790— Continued. CONJTEC TIC UT— Continued. COTISTY AXr TOWX COUSTT AND TOWIf. Middlesex county Chatham East Haddain Haddam KiUingwoith. Middlelown Saybrook New Haven conntr Branford Cheshire Derby Durliam East Haven Guilford Hamden Milford New Haven city. North Haven... - W'allin^ord WaterbxuT Woodbrid'ge New London coonty Total. Tolland county 13,251 i,3eo 2,125 1,059 2,313 1,220 1,S59 1,4S4 e.'iO Willington I 1,201 Windham county 28,8S1 2,5S2 1,327 1,885 1,333 2,162 4,156 2,635 i,ni 1,760 2,270 1,SC5 2,764 2,4.n WHITE POPrLATION IN 1790. Male§. and over. Fe- I Under males. I 16 \ years. All Other free per- sons. 3,449 3,138 | 6,524 376 , 513 2S6 639 322 475 387 150 301 323 635 509 1,0S0 220 533 526 1,104 300 , 454 361 162 283 1 591 928 n7 317 599 7,436 6,547 14,373 661 352 I 501 339 I 541 ! 1,042 643 302 391 303 544 930 6S9 610 468 a56 461 373 am 555 is.! 433 670 .580 664 525 1 1,2.XP 633 975 680 1,048 2,0S0 1,320 817 885 1,140 912 1,422 1,211 Slaves. 14 4 19 5 2 5 1 1 7 10 2 1 9 51 7 10 19 7 21 28 12 srarW YORK. Albanycounty. 175,980,18,684 18,960 34,443 Albany city First ward Second ward Third ward Ba]Isto\vn Cambridge fats kill Coxsackie Duanesburgh Easton Freehold Halfmoon _ . . Boosick. Pittstown Rensselaerville Rensselaerwick Saratoga Schaghticoke SchenecTad v Schenectady, south of the Mohawk.. Schoharie Stepfaeniown. Stillwater Watervliet Island in the river not included in any town Clinton coon tv Champlain Crown Point 203 Plattsbtirgh 4Sg Wellsburgh 379 Columbia county ...27.496 .494 1.612 S7S : 0O4 7.S16 5.009 1.9S0 3.401 1.469 2.547 1.821 3.MI9 3.031 2,458 2.776 8.305 3.071 1.650 756 3.475 ' 2.074 7.209 3.078 7,422 1,615 3.722 1.442 26 571 672 o 214 383 18 100 387 3 257 3.317 23 69 2,408 43 835 8 305 1.474 8 302 684 1 5 1.203 57 861 1 5 1.666 7 123 1.454 IS 27 1.158 33 1.311 13 3.632 562 1.405 8 53 711 143 328 78 1.483 34 381 938 9 152 , 3.420 1 26 1 1.441 10 61 ' 3,265 17 707 1 Canaan 6.670 Claverack 3,237 Clermont ' $62 Germant4}wn 512 HiUsdale 4.454. Hudson J. 585 Kinderhook 4.667 Livingston 4^489 Dutchess county 4.5.276 10.972 11.069 20.940 Amenia 3.078 I, 768 i 7S0 Beekman 3.600 850 951 CUnton I 4.(i07 I 1.173 1.113 Fishkill 5.W1 I 1.366 | 1.290 Frederickstown 5.9.12 1,438 I 1 540 Northeast 3.401 839: 863 Pawling I 4,336 1,031 ! 1,074 1.449 29 1.682 11 2.115 30 2.643 41 2.850 41 1.597 22 2,098 91 1.864 I 52 1 106 176 601 63 80 42 . Dutchess county — Continued. Philipstown Poughkeepsie Rhine beck Southeast Washington Kings county. Brooklyn Bushwick Flatbush Flatlands Gravesend New Utrecht. Montgomery county. Canajoharie Caughnawaga.. Chemung Chenango German Flatts. Harpersfield Herkimer Mohawk Otsego Palatine Whites New York city and county. . New York city Dock ward East ward Montgomery ward . North ward Out ward South ward West ward Harlem division Ontario county . 1,656 540 941 423 426 563 28,852 2,079 2,529 3,662 921 5,190 4,549 6.155 4.261 2,396 45 1,307 1,726 1,525 4,440 1.702 3.404 1,891 33.111 i 32.305 1,895 3.766 6.825 5,557 5,651 1.767 6,844 806 1,074 Canandaigua 464 Erwin... 168 Genesee 343 Jerusalem 99 Orange county 18,477 Goshen 2,447 Haverstraw I 4,824 Minisink 2.216 New Cornwall 4.228 Orange 1,163 Warwick , 3, 599 517 617 875 231 1,267 903 362 123 160 7,866 1.647 1,128 649 13 354 524 406 1,088 563 805 689 8,482 8,310 455 966 1,764 1,407 1,484 451 I 1,783 I 172 I 524 593 573 756 241 ,295 703 260 69 153 71 69 81 ,205 1.538 1,068 648 12 301 424 388 1,141 427 815 443 5,900 942 2 1.092 40 1.544 66 4.33 3 2,495 53 1.415 46 565 172 238 143 129 168 13,152 2,868 1.928 1,091 20 630 772 722 2,092 698 1,582 749 15.237 5.790 307 593 1.248 i 955 I 1.092 I 324 I 1.271 I 110 192 291 60 .56 36 140 74 37 22 4,596 I 4.334 14.943 854 1.611 3.159 2.632 2,629 822 3,236 294 342 10 1,078 45 82 281 232 178 55 185 41 111 69 122 40 8.3S5 I 201< 616 1,190 552 1,081 288 518 1.173 546 1.030 173 892 1.042 2.207 1.050 1.908 476 1.702 2a 207 421 13 78 1.482 435 171 378 137 135 206 96 133 7 20 6 8 111 8 192 7 1,119 2,37 2,184 234 514 373 311 26S 115 see 189 10 961 212 23S 51 167 19S 95 'Not letamed by towns. GENERAL TABLES. 195 Table 104.-P0PULATI0N AS REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790- Continued. NEW YOKK-Contlnuad. \ COUNTT AND TOWN. Queens county. Flushing Jamaica Newtown North Hempstead. Ovstrr Hay South Uempstead. Richmond county. Castle ton.. Northtleld. Southtleld. Westfield.. Suffolk county . ■WHITE POPULATION IN 1790. Total. Males. 16.013 1.008 1,674 2.109 2.097 4.097 3,828 3,827 804 1.021 865 1,137 16,546 Brookhaven 3.227 Easthampton 1 . 497 Huntington 3.306 Islip 607 Shelter Island , 201 Smithtown I 1,024 Sout hampton 1 3. 402 Southold I 3,222 i Ulster county 29.370 Hiirlev I 847 KinRston 3. 923 Manakaling 1 . 703 Marl'letown 2. 190 if ulilletown 1 , 019 Moiltpomerv 3.504 New MarlHorough 1 2.246 New I'altz 2,304 New Windsor I 1.819 Newliurgh i 2. .347 Rochester 1 , 628 18 1 I r'e- years [Under molea. years. and over. 3,555 325 397 421 S£0 949 913 2.863 6.468 All other free per- 819 Slaves. COtJNTT AXu rtivnt. 2.308 229 294 353 587 697 748 442 I 1,026 7.56 ; 1.707 789 I 1,703 747 753 1,445 127 65 54 172 304 178 223 151 195 172 220 139 216 314 I 402 I 306 423 3,787 3,294 7,229 1.131 727 354 791 132 39 195 781 768 7.050 017 1.375 1 275 272 673 99 763 1.518 75 126 246 68 .•» 77 23 179 371 113 653 1,.M2 i 280 646 1,427 1 198 6,783 12,462 1 161 166 902 436 492 293 898 539 512 463 610 374 129 742 491 409 259 834 607 519 417 585 321 .306 780 840 4IM) l.-WS 1,027 959 ma 1,083 638 TolaL .340 221 533 507 381 320 7", 114 135 234 272 1.105 2.13 99 219 .•)5 24 106 140 183 1 245 9 721 5 51 15 374 1 6 18 236 15 58 12 302 17 117 12 57 14 281 Ulster county— TonllniiM. Shewangunk Wallklll Woodstock ' 2.123 2..S71 1,028 Washington coiuty 14.077 i.XO 2,242 463 1.703 1.120 1,080 2,198 2,111 810 Westchester county 23,971 Kingsi>ury... Qneensljury. Salem Westneld.... Whitehall.... Bedford . 2.470 Cortlandl . 1,032 Easlchester 741 Oreenliurgh 1.367 Harrison 1.007 Mamaroneck ... 452 Morrisania 133 Mt. I'leasant 1.926 New Uochelle 690 North Castle ; 2. 470 North Salem • 1,060 Pelham I 199 Toundridge 1,072 Rve 9- Sa'lem l.-l Scarsdale 2^: Stephen 1.297 Westchester 1.20.1 White Plains ' 505 Yonkers i 1,125 York 1,009 popruinou LV 17S0, and " Fe- AU other free ' Blarm. , P«- I sons. 483 604 278 3.616 3,7W|6,(e3| 625 583 108 406 299 201 582 543 209 291 275 573 COO 214 529 .54.) 1,021 V« 385 5,9.14 5.318 10.952 618 484 174 .324 242 lOS 43 501 170 607 I 208 45 I M.i 279 ' i:« 265 98 I 17 422 130 212 I 100 220 381 4M 1 171 I 41 911 277 1 "i "i .3.V< 38 18 2 8 26 4.3 1'. 1 14 14 11 OIJ t 421 49 218 8 4.W 13 , 771 28 349 103 IS 46 14 08 75 121 54 57 30 84 87 29 28 38 133 19 28 38 242 49 170 40 NEW JERSEY. Bergen county ' 12.601|| 2,865 Bergin Franklin llackin-sack... Harrington N. Ilarbadoes. Saddle River.. 12,601 Burlington coimty '18.095 Burlington Chester Chesterfielil . . . , EvQQsham Little Ecshar.. Mansfielii New Hanover.. NorthainptOD.. Notintiliarn SprincfieM Willingboro'... 18,095 Cape-May county 2,571 Lower Precinct 1 ' Middle Precinct [| 2,571 Upper Precinct I ; Cumberland county 8. 248 Deorfleld Downs Fairfield Greenwich Hoivwell Maurice River. Stowenuk Essex cotmty . Acquacknack.. Eli7.al)ethtown. Newark 8,248 17.785 i 4, 2,865 4,625 4,625 631 631 2,147 2,147 17,785 ,: 4,339 2,299 ' 4,944 192 . 2,301 2,299 4.164 4,944 8,481 4,164 609 8,481 1.178 1,176 3,877 1,966 3,972 3,877 8,143 192 2.301 598 598 14 138 227 141 120 138 160 3,972! 8,143 I 160 Gloucester county . 120 1.171 Depttord Eggharbor Galloway Glou town Glou. townsb. Greenwich Newtown Watcrford Woolwich Hunterdon county. Alexandria. . Amwell Bethleham . . nopcwell Kinrwood . . . Maidenhead . I.ebanon Readlngton.. Tewksbury.. Trenton Middlesex county. 13,361 V.ISS 13,363 3,287 3,287 4.966 3,311 3,311 6.232 342 6,232 4,379 9.316 1.503 I 5.201 ; 1,335 ' 2,320 2, 446 1,032 4,370 I.MS 377 1,249 331 579 003 237 I 1,002 496 I IS.956 , 3.995 ; 583 I 1,171 Amboy North Hrunswick ■:■ '"■' PtSi-atjiwav South .\inl>ov South Ilrunawlck . ■.■ Windsor 2.83* Woodbrldge 8,420 Monmoutb county 16, ■ Dover Ix)wpr Freehold Mlddletown Shrewslmry i. - SlafTord i N>i Upper-Freehold 3.442 149 038 -.37 '12 108 456 514 597 246 ,010 982 1,190 191 401 685 1,173 2.480 16 329 043 1 448 1,041 19 674 1, 101 4 189 432 14 919 2,033 58 346 841 79 3.375 7.128 140 31 I 3 I 10 I 191 1.301 31 233 104 leo 183 1.318 48 206 218 183 439 301 789 10 318 I 719 II 871 5<-.5 1.318 46 190 774 1,587 33 25« •".78 7,448 353 1.S9S Jll 4--J 6 13 63 1«S 14 07 491 212 21V ■^i 441 3 703 1 780 1,532 108 2S0 196 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 104. -POPULATION AS REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790- Continued. NEW JEK8BY— Continued. Total. WHITE POPUL.\TION IN 1790. All other free per- sons. Slaves. COUNTY AND TOWN. Total. ■WHITE POPULATION IN 1790. All other free per- sons. COUNTY AND TOWN. Males. Fe- males. Males. Fe- males. Slaves. 16 years and over. Under 16 years. 16 years and over. Under 16 years. 16,216 4,092 3,938 7,502 4S 636 Somerset county— Continued. 2,578 2,068 2,201 1,875 19,500 586 481 463 413 4,963 462 298 465 345 4,939 1,119 795 868 744 9,094 34 26 19 66 65 377 16,216 10,437 4,092 2,679 3,938 2,396 7,502 4,816 48 374 636 172 Eastern Precinct 468 Mendham Morristown Pequanack Eoxbury Hillsliorough 386 Western Precinct 317 Sussex county 439 2,035 6,490 2,393 1,9.37 1,482 543 1,905 519 490 1,700 507 1,641 610 488 377 150 471 131 129 459 SIO 1,681 637 490 368 124 468 122 102 437 944 3,023 1,110 935 700 241 892 239 233 777 10 16 10 11 2 3 9 1 2 1 04 Hardwicke Independance \ Newton 10,437 12,296 2,079 2,819 2.396 2,390 4,816 5,130 374 147 172 1,810 129 26 Knowlton 13 Mansfield Montague O.xford Sandvston Wallpack 35 25 65 26 30 26 Somerset county Bedminster 1,197 2,377 275 601 260 560 489 1,115 4 8 169 93 PENNSYLVANIA. Allegheny county 10, 203 Depreciation tract. Elizabeth Pitt. Pittsburgh town Plum Versailles That part of Allegheny county talien from Washington county Bedford county i Berks county... Albany Alsace Amity Bern Bethel Breckiioek Brunswick and Manhelm Caernarvon Colebrookdalc Cumru Douglass Earl East District Exeter G reen wich Heidelberg Hereford Longswamp Maiden Creek Manheim (see Brunswick and Man- heim). Maxatany Oley Pinegrove Reading borough Richmond Robeson Rockland Ruscomb Tulpehocken Union Windsor Bucks county. Chester county. Birmingham.* Brandy wine Charlestown Coventry East Bradford East Cain East Fallowfield.. East Marlborough . East Nan tmill 206 1,498 1,468 376 402 414 5,839 13, 132 30, 189 773 836 809 2,268 950 324 1,504 509 553 1,460 480 527 634 893 724 2,095 969 739 735 1,022 973 900 2,225 654 1,088 744 472 2,315 704 1,200 25,216 27, 829 221 740 1,260 1,168 836 702 517 811 1,1S4 50 368 380 100 104 1,428 2,887 7,711 191 207 229 528 234 78 368 137 149 371 123 136 150 236 187 528 240 185 205 274 267 214 583 190 289 199 119 603 182 309 6,529 7,486 58 214 319 308 221 191 141 220 281 2, 745 4, 763 59 398 365 80 105 114 1,624 3,840 180 226 215 651 234 85 399 123 135 363 120 130 166 215 164 511 236 194 168 241 217 251 512 160 270 184 121 553 109 340 5,894 6,590 53 178 312 271 226 158 136 183 298 97 711 681 195 192 203 2,684 6,325 14, 666 402 400 413 1,069 481 161 736 240 205 706 230 252 313 432 373 1,026 489 359 353 469 435 1,118 291 514 358 228 1,123 334 11,951 13,065 109 343 682 545 378 329 239 388 546 34 201 581 544 159 3 11 1 18 2 1 1 S 4 4 10 6 1 2 1 5 3 7 24 6 3 1 1 9 9 16 4 3 9 9 4 8 1 3 4 21 15 16 3 7 261 144 Chester county — Continued. East Nottingham East Town East Whiteland Fallowfield Goshen Honeybrook Kennet London Britain Londonderry Londongrove New Garden New London Newlin Oxford Pennsbiiry Pikeland Sadsbury Thornburv Tredi£frin'. U wchland Vincent West Bradford West Cain West Marlborough West Nantmill \\'est Nottingham West Town West \\'hiteland Willistown Cumberland county. Hopewell Newton Tyborn Westpensboro Eastern portion of county. Dauphin county. Harrisburgh town Lebanon town Remainder of county. Delaware eoimty . Ashton Bethel Birmingham Chester Concord Darby Edgmont Haverford Lower Chichester. . Lower Providence. Mangle Middletown Newtown Radnor Ridley 820 423 491 792 1,272 794 058 247 588 786 742 746 534 1,004 595 817 607 123 988 976 1,230 723 840 678 903 432 366 457 18,208 7,599 10,609 18,1,W 880 960 16,315 444 224 428 673 674 641 437 465 501 216 471 582 451 681 502 221 113 136 229 359 193 180 70 103 203 191 211 120 277 145 185 168 40 277 258 339 182 229 208 294 102 95 118 221 1,991 2,825 4,651 259 245 4,147 2,530 114 50 98 200 168 168 104 130 135 68 120 167 126 191 137 195 111 114 159 272 205 164 50 132 203 186 164 147 226 150 221 143 27 217 221 274 195 214 144 177 110 74 106 174 2,647 4,434 184 240 4,010 107 67 109 128 160 137 106 102 94 50 105 127 101 164 106 390 197 219 384 604 380 298 107 282 370 349 333 260 465 286 392 281 51 466 465 609 337 394 309 414 197 179 213 375 8,449 3,550 4,899 8,801 411 471 7,919 210 99 202 323 305 313 213 218 257 97 235 265 218 320 229 93 113 ' Not returned by townships. GENERAL TABLES. 197 TA....K lOl.-POPULATIONASREPORTEDATTUEFIRSTCENSLS.BYCOUXTIESANDMIXOK.IVIl.I.IVISinNS ,790- Continueil. PENNSYLVANIA-Conllnued. CODNTY AND TOWN. Delaware county — Continued. Springfield Tnorniiury Tinicum Upper Chiciiester Upper Darby Upper Providence Fayette county . WHITE POPULATION IN 1790. Total. Males. IH years and over. 335 401 138 265 571 349 99 4G 6C 104 90 13,318 3,415 Bullskin Kr!:nler Mlllord I'ppor .Mount Bethel Upj.'or S;iiipon Vjiwr Smilhnejd \\ alli-n I'apack Wf'Nenberch Whllrhall Williams Northumberland county! 17,147 4,191 4,729 8,051 WIirrE POPULATIIJK IN 1790. Total., 628 806 997 1,436 419 1,016 l,2ta 732 889 007 886 1.010 393 I.H9 l.OiO S.51 3.')2 170 ! 02<; l,2.'3 I 728 li 16 yearn and over. 244 140 230 2i;8 359 97 225 3;i5 W 2.U 151 193 aw 102 273 2.'H 200 101 44 1.13 266 187 ll F»- Under malM. 10 i yean. 2.S4 IM 211 222 3('>4 115 308 XW 170 231 167 245 248 97 279 301 255 94 43 \K 394 208 404 299 453 489 B47 208 483 598 382 403 287 448 Ha 19S S»7 478 398 155 82 297 fits 325 Philadelphia county 154, 388 [ 14, 497 10. 896 28, 523 All other free P«- SODS. 89 2,099 Slavai. 1 1 18 59 7 1 1 I 3 2 1 S 1 1 1 1 1 6 244 191 148 752 149 318 93 377 2, .M7 258 205 1.4WI 7,739 Blockley 883 Bristol 723 Byberry I 586 Gprmantown town 2, 760 Ki ngsossi ng 542 Lowir Dublin 1,267 M;mor of Moreland 376 Moyamen.siiig and Passyunk 1,393 Northern Liberties town 9,907 Oxford 979 ' rass>nink. (See Moyameoslng and { Passyunk.) Uoxlio'rough 778 Soulhwark ; 5,frf"3 Philadclnhiacity ]28,.122 Nortnoni district (l>etwoen Vine and Uace streets from the Del- aware to the Schuylkill) '3,938 1,048 Middle district (from the north side of Chestnut street to liji- south side of Kacestriet from the Delaware to the Schuyl- kill) 13,874 ; 3,855 Southern district (from the I < south side of Chestnut strtet | to the north side of South street from the Delaware to the Schuylkill) 10,910- 3,038 Washington county > 23,802 , 5,333 Westmoreland county 16,019 4,013 179 179 141 507 107 283 79 299 2,a)« 21s 434 311 278 1,394 225 610 181 6K2 4,884 483 220 350 .141 2. MM 1,270 13.883 733 2,823 2,045 8,713 1,914 6,12{ 7,279 11,005 4,350 7.48D Armstrong Derry Donegal Fairfield Franklin French Creek , Flemptleld , Mount Pleasant North Huntingdon.. Itostraver Salem South Huntingdon.. Unity Washington Wheatlleld York county. 4.Tli 382 352 9(10 258 110 709 1 130 •222 .127 ! 99 88 421 no 104 70S 173 170 741 175 217 595 143 179 717 I 537 337 . 139 201 349 343 272 1 6 : n 4 1 Cbonccford... Codonis Dover Fawn Ilellam llot)e\veII Manchester. . Monaghan . . . Newheny Paradise Reading Shrewsbury . 4.^2 823 727 I 6.19 778 ; 93 ! 200 a'>9 386 3H> 399 191 147 207 50 534 19> 98 137,335 9,171 403 434 1.S3 170 210 13 621 304 42S 290 197 467 352 184 103 647 778 353 311 300 24 1.032 474 763 495 387 772 S79 323 183 9,409 17,342 l.ivoi 1, 1 1 • 1, »7s 1,258 4'.: 21'J 300 I 247 . 337 I 433 579 22 19 13 21 54 57 15 27 219 28 2 204 1,420 85 812 733 12 35 17 15 IS 38 18 7» 61 13 30 27! ' Not returned by townships. 87 373 4 3 8 S 7 19 8 8 81 17 1 24 210 27 112 283 128 8 9 17 48 4 14 « 1 as 37 13 « 7 U 13 U 4 25 U -:i 198 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 104. -POPULATION AS REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790- Continued. PENNSYLVANIA— Continued. COUNTT AND TOWN. WHITE POPULATION IN 1790. Total. York county— Continued. Warrington 1 , 469 Windsor 1 . ■'■'7 York- I 1.3S1 York borough l 2,076 Huntington, Manallen, Manheim, | and Tyrone I 4,669 16 years and over. 342 336 288 462 Under 10 years. 374 395 385 451 Fe- males. 702 705 064 1,008 2,206 All other free per- sons. 43 8 34 125 Slaves. COUNTY AND TOWN. York county — Continued. Berwick, Cuniljeriand, Franklin, Germany, Hamiltonban, Heidel- berg, Moimt Pleasant, Mountjoy, and Straban Total. 9,800 WHITE POPULATION IN 1790. Males. years and 2,551 Under 10 years. 2,376 Fe- males. All Other free I Slaves. per- sons. DELAWARE. Kent New-Castle.. 18,920 19,688 3,705 3,973 3,467 4,747 6,878 7,767 2,570 639 2,300 2,562 Sussex . 20,488 4,105 3,929 7,739 MARYLAND. Allegany county Ann-.\rundel county Baltimore county Baltimore town and precincts. Calvert coimty Charles county Frederick county Harford county Montgomery county Prince Georges county St. Marys coimty 212,089 38,573 35,748 '69,187 4,136 64,445 4,809 1,068 1,283 2,188 12 258 22,598 3,142 2,850 5,072 804 10,130 25,434 5,184 4.068 9,101 604 5,877 13,503 3,806 2,550 5,503 323 1,255 8,652 1,091 1,109 2,011 136 4,305 20,613 2,565 2,399 5,100 404 10,085 30,791 7,010 7,016 12,911 213 3,641 14,976 2,872 2,812 5,100 775 3,417 18,003 3,284 2,746 5,049 294 6,030 21,344 2,053 2,. 503 4,848 164 11,176 15,544 2,100 1,943 4,173 343 6,985 Western shore— Continued. Washington county Eastern shore.. Caroline county Cecil county, . ." Dorchester'county. . . Kent county Queen Anns county.. Somersett county Talbot county..'- Worcester county .15,822 ! .' 107.639 9,506 13,625 15,875 12,836 15,463 15,610 13,084 11.640 3,738 17,342 1,812 2,847 2,541 1,876 2,158 2,185 1,938 1,985 3,863 6,871 15,59132,208 1,727 2,377 2,430 1,547 1,974 1,908 1,712 1,916 3,489 4,831 5,039 3,325 4,039 4.179 3,581 3,725 64 3,907 421 163 528 655 618 268 1,076 178 VIRGINIA. Accomack Albemarle Amelia, including Nottoway, a new county Amherst Augusta, the part east of the North mountain \ , Part west of do j Bedford Berkley Botetourt, as it stood previous to the formation of ^\'ytne from it & Montg'ry Brunswick Buckingham Campbell Caroline Charles-City Charlotte Chesterfield Culpeper Cumberland . .• Dinwiddle Elizabeth-City Essex Fairfax Fauquier Fluvanna Franklin Frederick division \ . Ditto P Gloucester Goochland Greenbrier, including Kanawa, a new county Greensville Halifax Hampshire Hanover Hardy Harrison Henrico Henrv Isle of Wight 13,959 2,297 2,177 4,602 721 4,262 12,585 1,703 1,790 3,342 171 5,579 18,097 1,709 1,697 3,278 106 11,307 13,703 2,056 2,235 3,995 121 5,296 10,886 12,048 t 551 1,665 572 3,438 986 40 19 1,222 345 10.531 l.TSS 2.266 3.074 52 2,754 19,713 4,253 4,547 7,850 131 2,932 10.524 2,247 2,562 4,432 24 1.259 12,827 1,472 1,529 2,918 132 6,776 9,779 1,274 1,537 2,685 115 4, 108 7,685 1,236 1,347 2,363 251 2,488 17,489 1,799 1,731 3.464 203 10, 292 5,588 532 509 1,043 363 3,141 10,078 1,285 1,379 2.535 63 4,816 14,214 1,652 1,557 3.149 369 7,487 22, 105 3,372 3,755 6,682 70 8,226 8,153 885 914 1,778 142 4,434 13,934 1,790 1,396 2,853 561 7,334 3,450 390 388 778 18 1,876 9.122 908 869 1,766 139 5,440 12,320 2,138 1,872 3,601 135 4,574 17. 892 2,674 2,983 5,500 93 6,642 3.921 589 654 1,187 25 1,466 6,842 1.206 1,629 2,840 34 1,073 19,681 11.757 1,053 3.041 49 1,319 12,078 2,517 4,269 67 2,931 13,498 1,597 1,.')23 3,105 210 7,063 9,053 1,028 1,059 2,053 257 4,656 6,015 1,403 1, 574 2,639 20 319 6,362 609 627 1,234 212 3.620 14, 722 2,214 2.320 4,397 228 6,565 7,346 1, 062 1,956 3.261 13 454 14,754 1,037 1,412 3,242 249 8,223 7,336 1,108 2,256 3,192 411 369 2,080 487 579 947 67 12,000 1,823 1,170 2,607 581 5,819 8,479 1,523 1,963 3,277 165 1,.551 9,028 1,208 1, 103 2,415 375 3,807 James City King George King & Queen King William Lancaster Loudon Louisa Lunenburg Mecklenburg Middlesex Monongalia Montgomery, as it stood previous to the foniialion of Wythe from it and Botetourt Nansemond New-Kent Norfolk Northampton Northumberland Ohio Orange Pendleton Pittsylvania Powhatan Prince Edward Prince George Princess Anne Prince William Randolph Richmond Rockbridge Rockingham Russell Shannandoah Southampton Spotsylvania Stafford Surry Sussex Warwick Washington Westmoreland York 4,070 395 359 765 146 7,366 757 781 1,585 86 9,377 995 1,026 2,138 75 8,128 723 732 1,438 84 5,038 535 642 1,182 143 IS, 902 3,077 3,992 7,080 183 8, 407 957 1,024 1,899 14 8,959 1,110 1,185 2,252 80 14, 733 1,8.57 2,015 3,083 416 4,140 407 370 754 51 4,768 1,089 1,345 2,168 12 13, 228 2,846 3.744 5,804 6 9,010 1,215 1, 167 2,331 480 6,239 605 587 1,199 .148 14, 524 2,650 1,987 4,291 251 6,889 857 743 1.581 464 9,1(3 1,046 1,137 2,323 197 5,212 1,222 1.377 2,308 24 9,621 1,317 1,426 2,093 64 2, 452 508 686 1,124 1 11,579 2,008 2,447 4,083 62 6.822 623 548 1,115 211 8,100 1,044 1,077 1,961 32 8,173 965 822 1.600 267 7,793 1,109 1.151 2.207 64 11,615 1,044 1,797 3,303 167 951 221 270 441 6,985 704 697 1.517 83 6,548 1,517 1,552 2. 7.56 41 7,449 1,816 1,652 3,209 3,338 734 969 1,440 5 10,510 2,409 2,779 4,791 19 12, 804 1,032 1,540 3,134 559 11,252 1,301 1,278 2,632 148 9,588 1,341 l,3.i5 2. 769 87 6,227 732 651 1.379 368 10, 549 1,215 1,174 2,382 391 1,690 176 15.S 333 33 5,025 1,287 1, 440 2.440 8 7,722 815 754 1,614 114 5,233 530 461 1,124 358 GENERAL TABLES. Table 104.-POPULATI0N AS REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR riVII. DIVTSTnXS Continued. 199 1790— NOHTH CAROUMA. DISTKICT, COUNTY, AND TOWN. Total. Eden ton district. 53,769 Bertie c oiinty Camden county Chunan cotuity , excluding Edenton town Eden Ion town Currituelc county Gates county Hertford county l*asq(iotanlc county I 'erqulinans count y Tyrrell county 12,462 4,022 3,413 1,575 5,220 6,386 5,949 5,477 5,439 4,826 Fayette district '34,393 5,235 7,195 1,535 3,870 5,053 5,343 6,1G2 Ilaiifa.x district 64,848 Anson county Cumberland county, excluding Fay- etteville town Fayetteville town Moore county Kichniond county Rol)eson county Sampson county EdRecoinbe county 10,265 Franklin county 7,502 Halifax county, inciudlng Halifax town 14,310 Martin county i 6,010 ■■ ' 7,3!i0 9,992 9,379 Nash county. Norttianipton county. Warren county Hillsborough district 69,971 Caswell county! Caswell district Gioiiee.ster district Nash district Richmond district St. David's district St. James district St. Lawrence district St. Lukes district Chatham tounty Granville county i .\brahani's I'lains district. Beaver Dam district Dutch district EpplnR Forest district Fishing Creek district Fort Creek district Goshen district Henderson district Island Creek district Knap of I^eeds district Oxford district Kaeiaml district Tabb's Creek district Tar Uiver district Orange county' Caswell district Chatham district Hlllsboro district Hiilsboro town Orange district St. .\saph's district St. Mark's district St. Marv's district St. Thomas' district Randolph county Wake county Morgan district 10,096 9,161 10,982 12,216 7,318 10,198 33,317 Burke raimt y ' 8, 106 First cotnpany 833 Second company j 525 Third company. __ Fourth compaiiy... Fifth company Sixth company Seventh company. Eighth company.. 607 441 596 677 631 685 WHITE POPULATION IN 1790. Males. 16 years and over. 8,405 1,719 725 457 181 1,018 790 813 951 884 867 7,111 Under 16 years 8,053 1,802 754 438 113 1,024 772 824 1,035 921 970 Fe- males. 10,510 All other free per- sons. 1,048 3,442 378 1,476 30 865 306 1,960 1,514 1,632 1,804 1,714 1,798 7,324 13,677 1,035 1,183 1,458 1,366 394 195 850 965 1,096 1,205 1,1. W l.l.tS 1,146 1,272 9,215 10,130 2,147 2,656 398 1,672 2,114 2,263 2,427 18,610 1,663 1,076 1,873 1,067 ( 1,134 1,.'«5 1,067 10,937 1,801 1,761 1,581 2,433 1,590 1,771 6.953 1,878 1,381 1,826 1,010 1,434 1,283 1,318 12,903 21,980 3,487 2,307 3,471 2,008 2,021 2,502 2,214 2,110 3,377 2,168 3,664 1,873 3,050 2,70V 4,913 1,952 2,091 3,292 3,684 14,961 7 34 115 93 232 87 37 36 49 34 12 56 277 140 1,364 70 37 443 96 193 458 67 702 72 10 315 24 180 1,705 169 90 120 99 r.>4 141 124 150 !,108 216 148 15« 129 146 lli9 152 183 3,684 356 263 248 203 275 306 268 324 Slaves. 19,153 5,121 1,038 1,646 941 1,103 2,217 2,448 1,600 1,883 1,166 5,673 1,066 514 371 683 633 1,177 25,529 3,167 2,701 6,697 1,829 2.008 4,414 4,713 13,449 2,736 1,658 4,163 74 182 2,060 460 { 2,472 2,617 DISTRICT, COUNTV, AND Tany Thirleentli company ], Lincoln i-ounty First company S'-cond company Third company Fourth company Fiftli com()any [[ Sl.xth company , Seventh company Eighth company , Ninth company Tentii company , Eleventh company Twelfth company Rutherford .■uiliity First company Second company Thirti company Fourth company Fifth com puny Sixth company Seventh company Eighth etimpany Ninth company Teritti com puny Eleventh company Twelfth company Thirteenth company Fourteenth company Wilkes county First company Second company Third company Fourtli company Fifth company Sixtli company Seventh company Eighth company Ninth r-ompany Tenth company Elevent h company Twelfth company'. Thirteenth company Fourteenth company Fifteenth company Sixteenth company WHITE POPllaTION LN I7IW. Total. 677 4SB SSB 481 035 1,240 492 509 603 733 «02 1,099 736 663 1,427 718 1,010 765 I r,»8 673 581 390 361 603 686 514 527 684 698 965 692 368 386 i,1.17 536 609 606 641 466 601 392 319 631 488 600 443 723 377 369 558 MalM. IS years and over. Newlwm district 55. 083 Beaufort cotmty 5.405 Carteret coimty 3, 734 Craven county, Including Newbem town 10.474 Dobbscounly 6,994 II vde county 4.204 Johnston county 6.691 Jones county 4,796 ritt county 8.270 Wayne county 6. 1 15 Salisbury district. 147 »9 133 94 215 2,057 no 114 118 160 130 250 170 148 318 145 202 186 1,576 105 110 70 70 121 127 HI 103 119 114 186 139 •3 108 1,615 111 101 100 106 88 121 76 76 118 109 109 88 152 75 78 107 9,595 Under 16 yean 910 718 1.710 l,l('>4 792 1.040 736 1.461 l,0t>4 I 66.927 ,14,003 Guilford county Iredell c-ounty - .Mecklenburg (Xjunty Mont L'omery county Kockdnghath coiml'v Rowan (x>unty. Including Sallsbiuy town Stokes county Surry county Wilmington district |a6,0»7 H 3.053 7.3K I 5. *W ! ll.SliO 5,039 6,211 j 15.972 n.ia 7, 192 1.615 1. 118 2,3IH »42 1,188 3. .199 1.846 1,531 Bladen coimty Itnmsuick county Duplin -ounly New Hanover county. Including Wilmington town Onslow county 6.837 5,427 834 807 187 12» 119 156 222 2,293 124 127 140 180 167 281 174 184 308 180 227 206 2,119 110 147 110 99 103 192 138 154 107 105 287 209 »3 85 2,2.W 132 im 134 157 145 169 100 105 ISO 132 149 122 205 96 114 179 9,876 Fe- male*, 317 213 200 217 428 4,041 216 229 221 349 280 494 281 303 010 333 361 306 3,502 218 244 150 108 291 323 230 248 287 250 431 305 163 186 3,734 237 268 233 266 222 291 162 128 297 224 246 199 332 188 173 269 19.329 All : Other I (ri'o Slaves. per- I sons. 924 709 1,538 1.283 714 1,177 794 1..V18 1,219 1.1,932 1,821 1,505 3.226 2,479 1,518 2.081 1.541 2.912 2,246 28.490 1.807 1.218 2.563 1,220 1,411 3.235 2,223 4,758 2,a» 2.48B 3,R2S 6.902 J.r.'J .'I.IW 1,71.3 .3,189 4,062 834 398 1,187 702 »41 7.;w 1.086 778 2,092 1,490 1,788 26 21 41 15 70 855 « at 18 38 16 94 no 18 191 51 230 7 609 140 80 00 24 28 44 35 20 11 00 61 39 » 8 653 65 76 36 13 II 20 M 10 60 23 90 34 .34 18 4 3 841 I 16,042 128 I 93 337 I 40 37 I 65 70 25 40 249 27 3 07 11 10 102 13 17 1,622 709 3.r.63 2.012 1.143 1 328 l.i'>&5 3.364 1,540 8.253 610 808 1,008 837 1,113 1.741 77H on 210 ' 10.007 l.rM) 1..S1I l.:w> 3.737 1.747 > Names taken from county tax Ibts. 200 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 104. -POPULATION AS REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790- Continued. SOUTH CAROIillSrA. DISTRICT, COUNTY, ASD PARISH. TOtal. Beaufort district ' 18, 753 Camden district 38,265 Chester county Claremont county. Clarendon county. Fairfield county. .. Lancaster county . . Richland county.. York county Charleston district. 6,866 4,648 2,392 7. 623 6,302 3,930 6,604 .66,985 Berkley countv, St. Johns parish | 5, 922 Colleton county, St. Johns parish ' "'" Dorchester county. St. Georges par- ish Christ Church parish St. .\ndre\vs parish St. Bartholomes parish St. James Goose Creek parish St. James Santee parish St. Pauls parish St. Phillips and St. Michaels parish.. St. Stephens parish 6,312 4,299 2,954 2,947 12,606 2,787 3,797 3. 433 16, 369 2,733 ■WHITE POPULATION IN 1790. Males. 16 years and Under 16 years. 1,266 6,941 1,446 517 444 1.336 1,263 .596 1,360 1,055 8,694 1,(;04 841 610 1,874 1,637 710 1,012 5,060 3,177 209 209 337 156 125 625 158 140 65 2,810 81 152 104 311 138 71 491 79 110 48 1,661 45 Fe- males. 2,043 13,607 2,831 1,080 830 2,929 2.074 1.173 2.690 7,165 331 272 604 272 174 1,017 202 187 103 3,718 100 AM other free per- sons. 153 168 950 SO 22 25 11 31 135 15 15 15 586 1 14,236 8,865 938 2,110 602 1,485 1,370 1,437 923 60, 633 6,170 4,705 3,022 2,377 2,546 10, 338 2,333 3,345 3,202 7,684 2,606 DISTRICT, COUNTT. AND P.\RISH. Charleston district- St. Thomas parish Cheraw district i Georgetown district . All Saints parish Prince Fredericks parish . Prince Georges parish Total. 3,836 10,706 22,122 .; 2, 225 .1 8,136 .11,762 Ninety-six district 73, 729 Abbeville county Edgefield county Greenville county Laurens county .\ewtierry county Pendleton county Spartanburgh county . Union county ' . . Orangeburgh district. North part . South part . 9,197 13,289 6,603 9,337 9,342 9,668 8,800 7,693 18,513 11,281 7,232 ■WHITE POPULATION IN 1790. 16 years and over. 145 1,779 2,356 104 907 1,345 Under 16 years. Fe- males. 67 1,993 2,467 102 915 1,450 14,973 17,165 30,324 186 3,646 4,055 223 1,.';96 2,236 1,904 2,333 1,400 1,969 1,992 2,007 1,868 1,500 1,948 2,671 1,627 2,270 2.232 2,535 2,173 1,809 3,201 3,171 6,040 3,653 4,701 2,861 3,971 3,962 4,189 3,866 3,121 1,780 I 1,693 1 3,258 1,421 i 1,478 2,782 AH other free per- sons. 34 59 113 1 32 80 198 21 149 Slaves. 3,405 3,229 13,131 1,795 4,685 6,651 11,0C9 1,665 3,619 606 1,120 1,144 8:i4 8C.6 1,215 170 5,931 4,629 1,402 GEORGIA. Lower district 19,266 305 10, 769 2,424 413 5,355 25,336 2,060 1,160 2,637 168 13, 261 Middle district— Continued. 11,317 4,652 37,946 1,894 947 6,404 1,925 1,024 8,094 3,343 1,885 14,459 39 2 188 4 116 81 846 627 70 426 4,649 44 480 336 36 264 4,790 96 1,130 711 87 613 8,643 14 112 "I 52 70 8,201 760 215 4,025 7,202 Washington 694 Chatham Upper district Franklin Greene Effingham 8,801 Liberty . 1,041 5,405 31,500 226 1,027 6,162 243 1,111 6,740 417 1,882 12, 160 s' 180 156 1,377 Middle district WUks 7,268 Burke 9,467 1,808 1,841 3,415 11 2,392 KENTUCKY. Beards Town, in Nelson county Borubon 216 7,837 150 17,676 4,565 834 6,548 52 1,646 49 3,241 1,008 276 1,375 49 2,036 28 3,878 997 203 1,441 86 3,249 61 6,738 1,680 290 2,630 1 ""36" 4 2 8 29 908 22 3,689 876 63 1,094 Louisville, in Jefferson county Madison 200 5,772 2,267 6,941 11,099 462 9,210 49' 1,231 431 1,411 2,456 163 1,767 44 79 1,421 2,383 676 952 1,515 2.691 2,746 4,644 96 183 1,929 3,267 1 7 34 ■■■■27' 27 737 208 Fayette coimty. Mercer Jefferson 1,317 1,219 Lexington, in Fayette county Lincoln Washington, in Mason countv Woodford 21 9 02Q 1 Not returned by counties. GENERAL TABLES. 201 Ta«i,k lOo.-WniTE AND COLORED POPULATION OK EACH COUNTY REPORTED IN 1790, COMPARED WITH TH\T OP THE SAME AREA IN 1900. TOGETHER WITH THE NUMBER OK COLORED PER 1.000 WHITES. MAINE. POPtTLATIOS l.N 1790. rorvuLTtoM in igoo. II 1 COU.VTT. Total. White. Colurt-'l. ToUI. White. II, Colond. ■ .-i Total. Free, j Slave. Total. Negro. Indian. llan^ll 17W- luuu. ' The State 96,643 96,107 536 5.16 1 694,406 602.228 2,240 1,319 7'.ls 25.530 9.542 29.733 2,760 29,078 25,3.51 9,504 29,592 2,740 28.920 179 38 141 20 158 : 179 1 38 141 20 158 175.000 102,135 200,826 79,640 76,165 175,304 161,503 260,152 79,120 76,081 536" 632 474 514 84 Hancock* .1 Lincoln ' 387 94 67 Washington • 411 2 9 't 15 York* The state. Cheshire' Cirafton ' Ililkborouph'. Rockinpham". Strafford".... NKW IIA.MPHHIRK. 141,899 141,112 I 787 il 157 411,588 410,791 662 28,753 13,468 ' 32,883 43,184 23,611 28,665 13,419 32,707 42,795 23,526 49 176 232 64 IS 21 97 21 48,.'»4 74.771 i2;i,(xw 85,0)4 74,381 48,255 74,673 128,881 84,835 74,147 79 98 187 199 234 58 81 141 179 203 22 1 113 10 11 3 14 46 ; 6 i* ! 3 28; VEKMONT. The state. Addison" Benninpton ". Chittenden" ., Orange '* Rutland" Windham".. Windsor" 85,341 6.420 12.206 7.287 10,526 15,590 17,572 15,740 85.072 6..ls;t 12,173 7,264 10.4S5 15,5.58 17,514 15,695 37 33 23 41 32 58 45 2i>9 343.641 I 19,650 21,705 107,00 10 Sullolk -■' 17 Worcester ** 5 69.112 64.670 4.442!! 3.484 ' 958 ! 482.050 472.718 9.332 6.874 35 423 «e 19 Bristol" 3,211 8.851 14,351 24.376 18,323 3.013 8.439 13.174 23.518 16.. 526 198 412 1,177 &58 '1 1,797 ,| 100 349 805 777 1,453 98 63 372 81 344 13.144 29.976 137,462 277.314 24. 154 12,975 29.634 135,085 271,817 23.207 169 342 2,377 5,497 947 158 315 2.268 5.179 934 4 7! 7 107 , 291 11 66 49 89 36 109 12 II 2 27 2 17 19 40 1 Area covered In 1900 by parts of Franklin. Somerset. York. Cumlierland. AndroscoRsln. and Oxford counties. » .\rea covered in liXX) bv Ilancockcoiintv. and bv parts ot Waldo. Tenoliscot, Piscataquis, and .\roostook counties. » Area covered in 1900 by Lincoln, Knox', Kennebec, and Sagadahoc counties, and by parts of Waldo, Androscoggin, Somerset, TLscataquls, FianklUi, .\roostook. and Penobscot counties. < .Vrea covered in 1900 bv Washinfton county, and by parts of Penobscot and .Vroostook counties. '.Vrea covered in I'joo by parts of York. Cunilwrland. 0.xlord. and Franklin counties. • .\rea covcre by 1 lillsboro count v (except I'elhani. which was In Kockincharncoimty in MM), and bv parts of Merrimack and SiilllTan counties. •Area covered in 1900 bv Uockinshamcoimiv. part of Merrimack county, and the town of Pclh.am (now In llillslxirocounly). >o Area covered in 1900 by Strafford and Belknap counties, and by parts of Carroll and Merrimack counties. " .Vrea covered in 1900 by part of Addison county. " Less than one. !• .\rea covered in 1900 coextensive with that of 1790. .„.,., " Area covered in 1000 by Franklin. Grand Isle. Lamoille, and Chittenden counties, and by i)arus of Orleans. AddLson. and w ashinglun counUes. 15 Area covered in 1900 bv Kssex. Caledonia, and Or.inge counties, and by parts of Orleans and \\ ashington counties. " .\rea covered in 1900 bv parts of Rutland and .\ddison counties. " .Vrea covered in 1900 bv Windsor couniv. and bv part of Rutland county. >« Area covered In 1900 by Borkshiri'coiiiitv. and 'l>v part of Franklin county. '» .Vria covered in 1900 by parts of Bristol anri Norfolk counties, and by part of Providence coimty. K. 1. ^ .Vrea covered in I9ury town. Hartland town, nnci Middlel>ury town added to 1900 figures to make areas comparable. < Population of Durham town subtr.ioIe(i from 19(10 figures to make areas comparable. » Population of Middlebury town, Southbury town, and Wolcott town subtracted from, and that of Durham town added to, 1900 figures to make areas comparable. > I'opulation of Columbia town and part of Marlboro town added to, and that of Lebanon town and Voluntown town subtracted from, 1900 figures to make areas comparable. ' Population of Columbia town and Mansfield town subtracted from, and part of Marlboro town added to, 1900 figures to make areas comparable. " Population of Mansflrld town, Lebanon town, and Voluntown town added to 1900 figures to make areas comparanle. ' Area covered in 1900 by Albany, Rensselaer, Saratoga, and Schenectady counties, and by parts of Greene and Schoharie counties, w Area covered in 1900 by Clinton, Franklin, Essex, and St. Lawrence counties. 11 Area covered in ] 900 coextensive with that of 1 790. 12 Area covered in 1900 by Dutchess and Putnam counties. 13 Area covered in 1900 by Chemung, Montgomery, Fulton, Herkimer, Hamilton, Otsego, Jefferson, Tioga, Broome, Chenango, Oneida, Lewis, Madison, Cortland, Oswego, Onondaga, Cayusa, Seneca, and Tompkins counties, and by parts of Delaware, Schoharie, Schuyler, and Wayne counties. nAreacovered in 1900 by Manhattan borough. » Area covered in 1900 by Cliautautiiia, Cattaraugus, Allegany, Erie, Niagara, Wyoming, Genesee, Orleans, Monroe, Livingston. Ontario, Yates, and Steuben counties, and by parts of Wa.vne and Schuyler counties. ui Area covered in 19(H) by Orange and Kockland counties. u Area covered in IHOO by Queens and Nassau counties. 1* Area covered in 19(10 by Ulster and Sullivan counties, and by parts of Greene and Delaware counties. 1' Area covered in 1900 by Washington and Warren counties. 20 Area covered in 1900 by Westchester county, and by part of New Y'ork county. " .\rea covered in 1900 by Bergen and Hudson counties, and by part of Passaic county. ^ Area covered in 1900 by Burlington county, and bv parts of Mercer and Ocean counties. '-' Area covered in 1900 by Essex and Union counties', and by part of Passaic county. 21 Area covered in 1900 by Gloucester, Atlantic, and Camden counties. ^ Area covered in 1900 by Hunterdon county, and by part of Mercer county. « Area covered in 1900 by Middlesex countv. and bv'parts of Mercer and Monmouth counties. " Area covered in 1900 by parts of Mercer. Monmoutli. and Ocean counties. ,r 2" Area covered in 1900 by Somerset county, and bv part of Mercer county. ' » Area covered in 190O by Warren and Sussex counties. GENERAL TABLES. 203 Table 10.5.-\V0ITE AND COLORED POPULATION OF EACH COUNTY REPORTED IN 1790 COMP\RED WITH TH \T OF TUE S.VME AREA IN 1900, TOGETHER WITH THE NUMUER OK COLORED PER 1,0(J0 WUITES-^onlinuc-,!.' PENNSTLVAXIA. The state AllPKhcny' Rodford' lifrks" Uiu-ks* flK'slir* Cumberland* Dauphin* 1 lelaware ' Fayette* Franklin* IluntinKdon' I.anraster'* Luzerne* MiUlinio Monttjomery* Nortlianinton '> — Northumherland ". Philadelphia' \Va,shington" We.itmoreland"... York'- 10,203 13, 132 30,189 25,216 27,829 18,208 18,155 9,469 13,318 15,662 7,558 36,081 4,892 7,562 22,918 24,238 17, 147 54.388 23,892 16,019 , 37,535 ! POPULATION IN 1790. Total. While. 433,611 423,373 10,032 13,052 29,928 24,374 27,141 17,779 17,886 9,133 12,990 15,057 7,491 35,192 4.868 7,461 22,305 24,086 16,971 51,916 23,617 15,852 36,182 Colored. Total. Free. Slave. 6,531 3,707 171 80 261 842 429 289 336 328 C05 67 889 24 101 5.53 152 176 2,472 275 167 1,353 12 34 I 201 I .181 ' S4« 206 59 287 46 279 24 542 13 42 440 132 2,099 12 850 159 46 m ail 144 223 210 49 282 326 43 347 11 113 20 87 373 263 128 503 Total. 3iii,i>t.i 71.180 95,095 76,607 168,270 94,762 110,412 54,902 135,803 159,241 562,463 82,108 138,995 314,685 697,909 1,293,607 121,107 243,032 150,909 roraunoN im isoo. White. t'lK, 788 86,391 73,600 161,579 84,816 106,442 52,944 134,628 156,761 560,417 81,387 134,436 313, 535 694,056 1,229,673 116,393 240,845 148,880 Total. Ul>4 2,402 9,304 2,917 6,001 9,947 4,970 1,958 1,175 2,480 2,046 721 4,559 1,150 3,8S0 64,034 4,714 2,187 2,029 Colorod. Negro. Indian. V4U 2,200 9,242 1,900 6,008 9,894 4,952 1,954 1,168 2,461 2,004 716 4,503 1,116 3,733 62,613 4,600 2,149 2,013 185 39 1,015 6 8 Mongo- 1,9«7 339 12 24 17 23 2 17 46 u; ?l 18 ' 42 3 37 30 86 1,177 34 24 at 7 3 32 107 at 41 117 47 87 9 II « • a t t SI 40 B 14 DELAWARE.' Thestate i 59,096 Kent ! 18, 920 New-Castle I 19, 688 Susiox ' 20. 488 46.310 ! 12,786 14.050 16.487 I 15.773 4.870 ' 3,201 I 4.715 3,899 2,570 639 690 8,887 2,300 2,562 4.025 184,735 32,762 109.097 42,276 163,977 26,017 93,4£6 36.504 30,768 7,748 16,241 6,772 30,607 7,738 16,197 6,762 m 7 347 309 36 194 173 10 2» UD 199 MARYI.ANT>.» The stale 319,728 208,649 111,079 8,043 lOS.O.'IO 1,466,762 1,143,956 322,806 321,766 26 1,015 632 281 4,809 22,598 25,4.34 13,503 8,652 9,506 13,625 20,613 15,875 30,791 14,976 12,836 18,003 21,344 15,463 15,544 15,610 13,084 15.822 11.640 4.539 11.664 18,953 11,925 4,211 7,028 10.055 10, 124 10,010 26,937 10,784 6,748 11,679 10,004 8,171 8,216 8,272 7,231 14,472 7,626 270 10,934 6,481 1,578 4,441 2.478 3.570 10.489 5,865 3,864 4,192 6.088 6.324 11,340 7,292 7,328 7,338 5,853 1.350 4,014 12 804 604 323 136 421 163 4(M 528 213 775 655 294 164 618 343 268 1,076 64 178 268 10,130 6,877 1,255 4,305 2,057 3.407 10,086 5,337 3,641 3,417 5,4.33 6,0.30 11,176 6,674 6,985 7,070 4,777 1,286 3,836 71,395 56,3.35 144,933 469,116 10,223 16,248 i 24,662 17.662 1 27,962 I 71,443 1 28,269 18,786 45,000 i 294,067 18,364 17, 182 38,997 20,342 46,133 ! 30,643 69,594 36.645 125,446 396.324 5,060 12,009 20,850 8,014 18,476 64,193 22.411 11,343 30,387 199,448 11,991 8,926 28,126 12,875 42,642 21,276 1.801 19,790 19,487 72,792 6.143 4.239 3.812 9.648 9,486 7,260 6,868 7. 44.3 14.613 94,619 6,373 8,266 12,871 7,467 2,491 9,367 1,795 19,772 19,447 72,337 5,143 4,237 3,806 9.648 9,484 7,247 5,854 7.442 14.584 94,157 6,372 8,256 12,867 7,466 2,488 9,366 6 466 69 937 343 132 1.066 353 366 1,036 681 141 389 ' 902 641 1,134 « 893 887 809 93 S3t at Ann- Arundel ^ 641 Baltimore '» 156 Baltimore town and precincts " . . 183 Calvert * 1.013 363 Cecil* 3 181 Charles * i.aiM 28 441 618 113 Harford * ati 666 Montgomery « 1 21 480 473 (SI St MarTi's * 93t Somerselt » Talbot « 2 « no n Worcester ii 440 ' Area covered in 1900 by Allegheny. Butler, CrawIory partofCenle»eounty. " \rea covered in I'mO by Northampton. Wa^Tie. Lehigh. I'ike. Monroe, and ( artK)n counties, and by part of Srhuylklll county. iJAreaeove '• - ■'' :.........„_..., «„i.- — i.,,,..., t Cameron count '^ .\reacove. ..,,,. .....y, ... ........ ...,..^.. . ^.-. . . . '• Are.1 covere'l in l'.«iO by Westmoreland county, and by parts of Armstrong and Indiana counties. 'i Area covered in VMW by York and Adams counties. '• lnciu— Continued. Tho state... Edenion district. Bertie i« Camden '» Chowan i» Currituck"... Gates i» Hertford >» I'lisqiiotanki" . I'erctuiinans'" . Tyrrell i: Fayette district. Anson" Cumlierland " Moore i" Uichmond '* . , nobesoni* Sampson '" . . . nalifa.x district EdReoombei'... Franklin" Halifax i» Martini" .Vash i» Northampton "> . WarrcnM milsborough district . CasH-elP'... Chatham 10 .. Granville". t'ranKe ^ Randolph '» . Wake*' POPULATION I.S 1790. rOrtXLATION IM IMO. Colored. White. Total. Orance ' ronlloton ' Piusylvania }*owhatan Prince Edward * Prince George. . . Prince William.. Priucc-ss .Vnne... Randolph & Richmond UockI)ri(it;e Rockingham " .. Russell' .shannandoah^. . .Southampton Spotsylvania Statlo'rd Surry Sussex Warwick Washington* Westmoreland... York 5,436 2,378 8,538 2,28C 4,082 3,387 6,7« 4.527 932 2,918 5,825 6.677 3.143 9,979 0,312 5,171 5,4(>5 2,762 4,771 667 5,11." I 3, 1R3 2,115 1 4,485 74 3,041 4,536 4,018 4,786 4,871 3.266 19 4.067 72:) 772 195 531 0,552 6,081 4,123 3.465 5,778 1,028 45$ 4,539 3,118 Free. Slave. 64 1 62 211 32 267 167 64 83 5 19 559 148 87 368 33 8 114 358 4,421 73 2,979 4,325 3,986 4,519 4.704 3,202 19 3,984 682 772 IM 512 5,993 5,933 4,036 3,097 5,387 990 430 4.425 2, 71.0 Total. 18,785 12,045 63,414 6,824 16,118 7,752 11,112 11.192 48,876 7,088 24,187 38,130 115,100 33,351 22,848 14,307 8,097 8,469 12,082 24,523 48,895 9,243 7,4S2 White. 11,833 11,730 35.607 2,343 5,912 2,886 8,240 5,505 47,292 4,159 19,693 34.909 108.2.58 31,209 9,165 6,489 3,286 4,121 13,948 44,469 4,381 3.401 Colored. ToUl. 6,952 315 27,807 4.481 10,306 4,806 2.872 5.687 1,584 2,929 4.494 3.230 6,842 2,142 13,683 5,508 1,608 5.183 7,961 10,575 4,426 4,8i;2 4,081 Negro. 27.1W4 4.481 10,206 4,858 2.871 6,087 1.579 2,929 4,494 3,228 6,842 2,142 13,683 5,507 1,608 5,183 7,9t>l 10,527 4,417 4,861 4,081 Indian. Honico- llui. 1 8 1 1 ^' i 2 1 48 I 2 1 willies, 1790. IWO. ' .'.87 27 iM 7H1 l,9M 1,913 9M 1,726 1,413 1,«83 722 348 721 1,003 au 33 1,394 704 124 116 62 53 1,038 1.176 754 1,2.55 1,211 1.534 , 89 1,420 I 1,474 NORTH CAROLINA. 395.005 53.709 12.462 4,022 i 4,988 5,220 ' 5,380 5,949 5.477 5,439 4,820 34,393 5.235 8,7.'M 3,870 6,053 6,343 6,162 04,848 289. 181 33.568 6.903 2,954 2.360 4.002 3.076 3.269 3.790 3.519 3,635 28,112 4.365 6, 407 3.487 4.415 4. 5.33 4,845 37,955 105.824 20.201 5.499 1.068 2.628 1.218 2,310 2.680 1.687 1.920 1,191 6.281 S70 2.203 383 6:<8 810 1,317 I 26.893 ;.041 ,893.810 1.263.603 I O. 5.687 I 1.048 19.153 I 110.615 >.455 I 378 30 41 115 93 232 87 37 35 41 83 12 55 277 140 1.364 10.265 7.502 14.310 6,010 7.390 9.992 9,379 m, 971 10,090 9,101 10.982 12,210 7.318 10. 198 7.02S 4.704 7.170 4.085 5,189 5.120 4,599 3.2.77 2.7:i8 7. HO 1.925 2.201 4.S72 4,7S0 70 37 443 96 193 458 07 45,820 14.151 7.593 0.504 I 10.055 0.S34 7,540 I 2,808 1,568 4.478 2. 101 484 2,652 72 10 315 101 24 ISO 5.121 l,ai8 2. .587 1.10) 2.217 2.448 1.000 1.883 1,150 5,073 829 2.180 371 583 533 1,177 25,529 3. 167 2.701 6.l»7 1.829 2,008 4.414 4,713 13.449 20.538 .5.474 10.2.58 8.413 10.413 14.294 13.0t« 10.091 I 17,474 190,881 35.897 44,067 23,622 28.408 40,371 24,616 184,029 as. 474 25.111. 30.793 15.383 32. 419 21.1.W 21,594 242,575 8.717 3.283 4.406 6.409 5,009 5.895 0.630 .5. OSS 10,418 112,522 20.002 26.810 15.773 13.801 19.577 16,469 83,827 10.904 12.078 1I,0(« 8.050 18.887 9.0.11 7,211 148,918 2,730 1,558 4. 103 2.060 460 2 472 31,713 23.912 37.504 64.584 , 28,232 5<;.li30 . 16,491 15,573 17, 170 43,593 24, 500 31,525 11,821 11.821 2.191 2.191 6.8.52 5.8.50 2.004 2.004 4.804 4.804 8. .199 8.391 7.ai0 7.027 5.003 5.003 7.056 7,050 84,359 ! 80.347 15.805 17,257 7,849 14.007 20.794 , 8,047 1.5.805 17.256 7.849 14.473 16,917 8.047 101.102 ' 101,095 4.012 .104 751 I 820 , 445 l . I 540 328 I 223 134 3,877 21.570 12.4.38 19,733 7,327 , 13.532 12,119 14.383 12.438 . 19,7.13 :. 7.327 I. 13,529 1. 12.118 14.383 . 190 350 110 145 179 272 709 93,657 ' 93.652 16,222 8.339 20,328 20.991 3.672 25,105 16.222 I. 8 339 I 20.328 . 20.9'i7 '. 3.672 :. 25.104 !. 461 .575 990 471 424 9i52 1.039 309 1 . 386 .151 ' .Vrea covered In lOOn liy \"irginla and West Virginia. Independent cities are Included In county totaU for 17(10 and 1900. ' .\rea coveretl in I'.hm) l.y Orange and Gre.-iie counties. ' Area covered In I'.mmi by Pendleton county. an*I by part of Highland county. * .\rea coveretl in l'.»)0 bV Prince Ivlward rotiniv. an.l by part of .Vpponialtox county. > .\rea covered In 19110 by K;mh and Tucker counties, an county. » .\rea coveri'd in l'.«ii) bv .V'nson countv. and by part of I'nion county. i< .\na covered in I'.iiiO bv Harnett couiitv, and by part of Cumberland county. " .\n'a eoviTed In l'.'i*) bv Richmond and Scotland countl.-s. K .\rea covered in I'.iiH) bv Sam[ison countv, wilh the exception of a small sretlon " .\rea covi'pd In I'JiK) bv lulg. comb.' county, and by part of Wilson county. w .\rea coveri'd in l'.ti«) bv part of p'ranklin coimty. '» Ana covepd in PKV) bv Nash countv. and by part of Wilson coimty. =0 Vrea covend in I'.kki bv Warren counlv. and by part of Nance county. == Area covend In l'.«K1 bv Caswell and Person counties. •^Areacoven-d in I!«KI bv Cranville countv, and by parts of \ aner and Franklin counties. - \rca cov.nd In IIKX) by Orange and .Vlainanee counties, and by part of Durham county. s< Area covered In I'JOO by Wake countv, and by part of Durham county. 228 92 63 6« l,4«3 636 248 1,577 l,«I2 7St 90 1,110 1,200 494 Mi 1 DM 700 362 1.114 i.3se 667 1,328 313 856 1.423 1,080 714 787 644 498 1,049 864 489 1.306 1,276 981 1.784 910 716 1.312 1,995 cat 923 535 1,184 4KI 1» 796 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. 206 Table 105 -WHITE AND COLORED POPULATION OF EACH COUNTY REPORTED IN 1790, COMPARED WITH THAT OF lABLE xuo^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ TOGETHER WITH THE NUMBER OF COLORED PER 1.000 WHITES-Continued. NORTH CAROLINA— Continued. POPULATION IN 1790. POPULATION IN 1900. Num- ber of colored persons per 1,000 whites, 1790. Num- COTJNTT- Total. White. Colored. Total. White. Colored. negroes per 1.000 Total. Free. Slave. Total. Negro. Indian. 1 Mongo- lian. whites, 1900. Morgan district 33,317 30,687 2,630 13 2,617 423,676 373,248 50,428 49,027 1,401 88 131 Burke i 8,106 9,246 7,808 8,157 55,683 7.497 8.391 7,197 7,602 38,800 609 855 611 555 16,883 9 600 855 609 553 16.042 150,376 71,031 138,676 ta, 593 218,855 134,633 56,081 124,212 58,322 127,391 15, 743 14,950 14,464 5,271 91,464 15,057 14,950 13, 758 5,262 91,454 686 81 112 85 73 435 112 267 Lincoln • 2 2 841 706 9 10 111 Wilkes* 71S Newbera district 5,405 3,734 10, 474 6,994 4,204 5,691 4.796 8,270 6,115 66,927 3,655 2,932 6,474 4,936 3,024 4,298 3,071 5,881 4,529 58,425 1,750 802 4,000 2,058 1,180 1,393 1,725 2,389 1,586 8,502 128 93 337 46 37 65 70 25 40 249 1,622 709 3,063 2,012 1,143 1,328 1,655 2.364 1,546 8.253 27,372 11,344 31,704 30, 677 10,265 35,003 8,226 30, 889 33,375 388, 126 16,002 9,297 14,472 16, 852 6,132 25,678 4,466 15,397 19,095 286, 716 11,370 2,047 17,232 13,825 4,133 9,325 3,760 15.492 14,280 101.410 11,368 2,047 17,228 13,824 4,133 9,325 3,760 15, 492 14,277 101,392 2 479 274 618 417 390 324 662 406 350 146 710 4 1 1,190 820 674 363 842 1,006 3 12 748 Salisbury district 6 354 (; nil ford 11 7,300 5,430 11,360 5,039 6,211 15,972 8,423 7,192 26,097 6,657 4,569 9,685 4,191 5,088 14,129 7,633 6,483 15,814 643 871 1,675 848 1,123 1,843 790 709 10,283 27 3 67 11 10 102 12 17 216 616 868 1,608 837 1,113 1,741 778 692 10,067 39,074 34,310 90,853 29,417 33,163 67, 497 54,214 39,598 128, 153 27, 969 26,508 67,009 23,936 21,544 53,380 40,866 35,604 74,526 11,105 7,802 33,844 5,481 11,619 14,117 13,348 4,094 53,627 11,103 7,802 33,842 5,481 11,617 14,110 13.346 4,091 53,355 1 1 97 191 173 202 221 130 103 109 650 397 294 2 594 229 2 3 2 2 13 539 4 264 Stokes '^ 327 1 259 115 Wilmington district 716 Bladen '^ 5,100 3,070 5,663 6,837 5,427 3,356 1,556 4,274 3.032 3,596 1,744 1,514 1,389 3,805 1,831 58 3 3 68 84 1,686 1,511 1,386 3,737 1,747 34,230 18, 548 22,405 41,030 11,940 21,891 10,512 13,877 19.916 8,330 12,339 8,036 8,528 21,114 3,610 12,194 7,922 8,528 21.101 3.610 145 114 520 973 325 1,255 509 557 726 Dunlin U 615 is 1,081 433 SOUTH CAROLINA. The State 249,073 140, 178 108,895 1,801 107,094 1,340,316 557,807 782,509 782,321 121 67 777 1,402 Beaufort district ^ 18,753 38,265 66,985 10,706 22,122 73,729 18,513 4,364 29,242 16,402 7,418 8,878 62,462 12,412 14,389 9,023 51,583 3,288 13,244 11,267 6,101 153 158 950 59 113 198 170 14,236 8,865 50,633 3,229 13, 131 11,069 5,931 59,233 358, 8M 166,955 94,016 129,214 349,644 182,471 11,585 96.707 50,266 41,990 58,833 233,589 64,&37 47,648 262,177 116,689 62,026 70,381 116,955 117,634 47,639 262,092 116,639 52,023 70,347 115,952 117,629 9 13 36 1 2 ' 3 ■ 3 1| 3,297 309 3,349 443 1.492 180 492 4,112 Camden district ^ 72 14 2.710 2,320 Cheraw district ^f' 1,239 Georgetown district ^ 31 1,196 Ninety-six district *^ . . 496 Orangeburgh district ® 4 1,814 ' Area covered in 1900 by Burke, Madison, Yancey, and Mitchell counties, and by parts of McDowell, Haywood, Swain, Buncombe, Caldwell, Watauga, and Alexander counties. 3 Area covered in 1900 by Lincoln, Gaston, and Catawba counties, and by part of Cleveland county. a Area covered in 1900 by Cherokee, Graham, Macon, Jackson, Transylvania, Henderson, Polk, Rutherford, and Clay counties, and by parts of Swain, Cleveland, Bun- combe, Haywood, and McDowell counties. * Area covered in 1900 by Ashe and Wilkes counties, and by parts of Alleghany, Watauga, Alexander, and Caldwell counties. 6 Area covered in 1900 by Beaufort county, and by part of Pamiico county. 6 Area covered in 1900 by part of Carteret county. ' Area covered in 1900 by Craven county, and by parts of Pamlico and Carteret counties. 8 Area covered in 1900 by Lenoir and Greene counties. B .\rea covered in 1900 by Hyde county, and by part of Dare county. 10 Area covered in 1900 by Johnston county, and by part of Wilson county. 11 Area covered in lOiX) coextensive with that of 1790. 12 Area covered in 19i.tO by Wayne county, and by part of Wilson county. 13 Area covered in 1900 by Iredell county, and by part of Alexander county. n Area covered in 1900 by Mecklenburg and Cabarrus counties, and by part of Union county. 15 Area covered in 1900 by Montgomery and Stanly counties. 18 Area covered in 1900 by Davie, Rowan, and Davidson counties, and by part of Forsyth county. IT Areacovored in 1900 by Stokes county, and by part of Forsyth county. 19 Areacovend in 1900 by Yadkin and Surry counties, and by part of Alleghany county. 19 Area covered in 1900 by Bladen countv, and by parts of Cumberland and Columbus counties. 20 Area covered in 1900 by Brunswick county, and oy part of Columbus county. 21 Area covered in 1900 by New Hanover and Pender counties, and by part of Sampson county. 22 Area covered in 1900 by Beaufort and Hampton counties. S3 Area covered in 1900 by Chester, Clarendon. Fairfield. Kershaw, Lancaster, Richland, Sumter, and York counties, and by part of Florence county. 2^ Area covered in 1900 by Tharleston, Colleton, and Dorchester counties, and bv part of Berkeley county. ^' Area covered in 1900 by Chesterfield. Darlington, and Marlboro counties, and'by part of Florence countv. 2fi Area covered in 1900 by Georgetown, Horry, Marion, and Williamsburg counties, and bv parts of Florence and Berkelev counties. 5" Area covered in 1900 by Abbeville, Anderson, Cherokee, Edgefield. Greenville, Greenwood, Laurens. Newberrv, Oconee, Pickens, Saluda, Spartanburg, and Union counties, and by pari of Aiken countv. 23 Area covered in 1900 by Bamberg, Barnwell, Lexington, and Orangeburg counties, and bv part of Aiken county. GENERAL TABLES. 207 Table 105.-WniTE AND COLORED POPULATION OF EACH COUNTY REPORTED IN 1790, COMPARED WITU THVT OF THE SAME AREA IN 1900, TOGETHER WITH THE NUMBER OF COLORED PER 1,000 WHITES-Continued. CEORGIA. The state Burke" (.";iiii Kllinnham* Fr,inklin» (;lyii« Greene' Liberty » Hiclirnond'. . . . Washington lo, . Wilks" POPULATION I.N 1790. Total. 82,548 9,467 305 10,769 2,421 1,011 413 5,405 5,35o 11,317 4,552 31,500 White. Colored. Total. 52,880 29,(i«2 7,064 221 2,456 1.674 885 193 4.020 1.303 7,162 3.8.56 24,052 2,403 84 8,313 750 \S6 220 1..-J85 4,052 4.155 696 7.448 Free. 11 14 112 2 180 29,264 2,392 70 8,201 750 156 215 1,377 4,025 4,116 694 7,208 Total. Slave. 040,538 48,744 12, 126 74,299 19,546 119.324 19,443 36,409 25.839 .W.347 132,9(i8 96.433 POPULATION IN 1900. Colored. Num- ber of eol-.n-ii Num- I'^rof While. 297.007 12.792 5.933 31,414 9,(01 7<<,304 9,118 10,346 9,972 27,981 69,470 33.986 ToUl. ,; Negro. 343.531 343.421 Indian. U.M6 42.930 10,325 26,123 15,867 27,3ii<> 63,498 62,447 4.' '.; lu...;- 26,123 I 15,867 27,325 I 63,498 I 62,446 'i Monito- wl'U", 51 ,1790. 1900. 601 I.IU 340 2,811 380 1,044 3,3SS 1,304 448 i,aw m ua 1,140 1,131 345 2,.';2'i 3,110 i,.'«i UD •77 1» 914 310 I,8l7 KENTUCKY. The state . . 73,677 61.133 12,544 114 12,430 ' 2.147,174 1,8I'>2,309 284,Sfi5 284.706 102 57 205 153 7,837 18, 410 4,765 6,548 5,772 2,729 7,091 11,315 9.210 6.929 14.626 3,857 5,446 5,035 2,500 5,745 10,032 6,963 908 3,784 908 1,102 737 229 1,346 1,283 ' 2,247 908 3,752 903 1,094 737 229 1,339 1,248 2,220 181,378 61,601 297.723 756.996 82,798 292,521 33.750 286.224 174, 183 159,832 41,930 243,250 642.753 73,882 283,613 26,591 237,517 152,941 21,546 19,671 54,473 114,243 8,916 8,906 7,159 28,707 21,242 21.542 19.669 54.470 ' 114.212 8,916 8,811 7.159 28. 70S 21.222 4 2 2 15 131 2SB 235 202 140 »2 234 128 323 135 FaviHtf i» 32 5 8 Jellerson i* 1 !• 224 Lincoln » 178 Madison '• 121 Mason" 85 12 31 Mercer i» 7 35 27 2S9 Nelson w .. . 2 20 121 Woodford » 139 ' .\rea covered in 1900 by Burke county, and by parts of Jefferson and Screven counties. ».\rea covered in 1900 by Camden and Charlton counties, and by part of Wayne county. * .\rea cover('n ~...niL« »o Area cov^ed in I'JOO by Uoodford, Scott, Boone, Grant, OaUatin, Owen, and Kenton counlles, and by parts of Harrison, 1 rankUn, t anoU, and Pendleton coiintla. 208 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 106 -WHITE POPULATION, CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND AGE, OF EACH STATE AND TERRITORY REPORTED IN " 1790 COMPARED WITH THAT OF THE SAME AREA IN 1900, WITH PER CENT OF INCREASE. WHITE POPtJU-TIOX IN 1790. ■WHITE POPULATION IN 190O. All ages. 16 years and over. Under 16 years. All ages. 16 years and over. Under 16 years. STATE OR TEKRITOBT. Number. Per cent of in- crease over white popula- tion in 1790. Number. Per cent of in- crease over white popula- tion in 1790. Number. Per cent of in- crease over white popula- tion in 1790. BOTH SEXES. Continental United States 3,172,444 1,619,184 1,553,260 '66,893,403 2,008.6 43,046,595 2,558.5 23,846,810 1,435.3 Area enumerated in 1790 3,172,444 1,619,184 1,553,260 29,564,821 831.9 19,474,777 1,102.8 10,090,044 549. 6- New England 992,384 526,094 466,290 5,527,026 456.9 3.916,531 644. 5 1,610,495 245.4 Maine 96,107 141,112 85,072 373, 187 64,670 232,236 954,003 47,354 72,548 41,440 203,318 34,683 126,751 482,608 48,753 68,564 43,632 169,869 29.987 105, 485 471,395 692.226 410,791 342,771 2,716,096 472,718 892,424 15,264,839 620.3 191.1 302.9 627.8 631.0 284,3 1.500.1 491,434 297,804 241,914 1,929,747 328, 555 027,077 10,292,527 937.8 310.5 483. 8 849.1 847.3 394.7 2,032.7 200,792 112,987 100,857 786,349 144,163 265,347 4,972,312 311.9 64.8 131.2 362.9 380.8 151.5 Middle states . 964.8 314,366 169,954 423,373 46,310 1,226,057 159,276 87,203 212,699 23,430 610,482 155,090 82,751 210,674 22,880 615,575 7,156,881 1,812,317 6,141,664 153,977 8.772,956 2,176.6 966.4 1,350.7 232.5 615.5 4,944,668 1,220,587 4,023.718 103,554 5,265,719 3,004.5 1.299.7 1.791.7 342.0 762.6 2,212,213 591,730 2,117,946 50,423 3,507,237 1,326.4 616. 1 905.3 120.4 469.7 Xfary^infi flnrl Di^trift. of rnlnmhin 208,649 442,117 289,181 140, 178 52,886 61,133 31,913 114,806 222,459 139,239 67,016 24,814 27,790 14,358 93,843 219,658 149,942 73,162 28,072 33,343 17,555 1,143.956 2.108.088 1,263,603 557, 807 297,007 1,862,309 1,540,186 37,328,584 448.3 376.8 337.0 297.9 461.6 2,946.3 4,726.2 762,703 1,263,882 723.060 324,751 173,399 1,110,743 907,181 23,571,818 564.3 468.1 419.3 384.6 598.8 3,896.9 6,218.3 381,253 844,206 540,543 233,056 123,608 751,566 633,005 13,736,766 306.3 ^'i^?"i^ia and West Vircinia 284.3 260.5 218.5 Georgia 340.3 Kentucky 2,154.0 Tennp^spp 3,505.8 MALES. 1,615,701 815,098 800,663 34,285,307 2,021.9 22,223,462 2,626.5 12,061,843 1.406.5 1,615,761 815, 098 800. 663 J4, 831, 668 817.9 9.738.805 1.094.8 5,092,863 536.1 New KnglariH 494,254 255,048 239,206 2,730,121 452.4 1,922,793 653.9 807, 326 237 5 49,074 70,929 44,710 182,712 31,801 115,028 490, 153 24. .341 36, 074 22. 405 95.433 16. o.->i; 60,739 251,408 24,733 34, 855 22,305 87.279 15.745 54,289 2.38.745 349.786 204, 931 174.641 1,323,178 231.232 446,353 7,665,449 012.8 188.9 290.6 624.2 627.1 288.0 1,463.9 248.310 148.474 123, 596 931,082 157,931 313, 402 5, 165, 431 9201 311.6 451.6 875.6 883.6 416.0 1,954.6 101,476 56,437 51,045 392,096 73.301 132,951 2,300.018 New Hampshire 61 365 6 Connecticut 144.9 Middle states 162,073 86.667 217,487 23,926 631,354 83,815 45,251 110,539 11,783 308,642 78,2.58 41,416 106,928 12,143 322,712 3,558,116 906,543 3,122.304 78,486 4.436,098 2,095.4 946.0 1,335.6 228.0 602.6 2, 448, 151 610,039 2,054,286 52,935 2,650,579 2,820.9 1,248.2 1,758.1 349.2 7.38.8 1,109,965 296,484 1,068,018 25,551 1.785.519 615 9 Pennsvlvania 898.8 110.4 433.3 Southern states Maryland and District of Columbia. . 107,254 227, 071 147,825 73,298 27, 147 32,211 16,548 53, 913 110,936 70, 172 35,576 13, 103 15, 154 7,786 51,3.39 110.135 77,6.53 37,722 14,044 17,057 8,762 666,316 1,070.009 632, 155 281, 147 149,721 948,048 782,702 19, 4.33, 639 428.0 373.9 327.6 283.6 451.6 2,843.2 4,629.9 374, 578 645,869 356,589 161,778 87,122 565, 703 458,938 12, 484, 657 569.9 482.2 408.2 354.7 5(i4. 9 3, 633. 5,794.4 191,738 430, 140 275, 566 119,369 62,599 382,343 323,764 6,968,982 Virj-inia and West Virginia 270.4 254.9 216.4 345.7 2,141.6 3,595.1 South Carolina KontuckT ■"■| ' Includes 84,209 persons in the military and naval seriMce stationed abroad. GENERAL TABLES. 209 Table lOG.-WEITE POPULATION, CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND AGE, OF EACH STATE AND TERRITORY REPORTED IN 1790, COMPARED WITU TUAT OF THE SAME AREA IN 1900, WITH PER CENT OF INCREASE-Continued. - WHITE POPULAUON M 1790. wmTE rorOLATioN oc 1900. AU ages. 10 years and over. Under 16 years. All ages. 10 years and over. Percent or In- crease poptlln- tlon In 1790. Under 10 yean. STATE OR TERRITORY. Number. Percent of In- I crease over white popula* tlon In 1790. Number. Per cent or In- crease over wlilte [Hiptila- (lun In I7S0. FEMALES. Continental United States I,. 556, 683 804,086 1 752. '■'- O.. ,-n« 009 1,994.7 jl 20,823,133 ,,,..- l,«lS.t 1.550,0X3 804.080 75L' 1, , 635.0 S04.O 1,993,730 498,130 271,040 227,084 Z. 790, 905 401.5 : 803. 1)» 253.7 Maine 47,033 70, 1S3 40,302 190,475 32,800 117,208 463,850 23,013 30,474 19,035 107,885 18,027 66,012 231,200 24,020 33,709 21,327 82,590 14,242 51,190 232.050 342, 440 . 205, 8<» 168, 130 1,392,918 241,480 446,071 7,599,390 028.1 193.3 310. 6 031.3 634.7 280.6 1,538.3 243, 124 149, .330 118.318 998,005 170,024 313,675 5,127,096 9.50. ,j 309.4 .521.0 825.7 816.0 375.2 2.117.6 99,310 50,530 49, 812 394,263 70,802 132,390 2,472,294 313.5 Vermont 133.6 Rhode Island 397 6 158.6 Middle states 902.7 152.293 83,287 20'), 880 22,384 594,703 75,461 41,9.52 102, 140 11,647 301,840 70.832 41. .135 103,746 10,737 292,803 3,598.765 9a-., 774 3,019,300 75,491 4,33«,85S 2,263.1 987.5 2,490,517 3,208.4 1,3,5,5.3 1,828.2 334.0 766.4 1,102,248 295,240 1,049,92H 24,872 1.721,718 1,. 134.0 New Jersey 014.3 l,3; 6 Essex=» 7 Hampshire *' 9, in Plvmouth^ 11 Suffolk " 1? RHODE ISLAND. The state Bristol" Kent" Newport Providence 2'.., Washington " . , 64,670 472,718 630. 97 3,013 8,439 13,174 23,518 16,526 12,975 29,634 135,085 271,817 23,207 330.63 251. 16 925. 39 1,055.78 40.43 31,801 1,455 4,286 0,112 11,641 8,307 231,232 627. 98 6,422 14,706 65,712 132,905 11,487 341.37 243.12 975. 13 1,041.70 38.28 16,056 778 2,158 3,256 6,155 3,709 157,931 4,519 9,869 42,774 92,382 8,3S7 883.63 480.85 357. 32 1,213.70 1,400.93 126. 13 ^ .\rea covered in 2 Area covered in 8 .-Vrea covered in Penobscot counties. * .\rea covered in ' Area covered in * Area covered in ' Decrease. 8 Area covered in * Area covered in '" .\rea covered in " Area covered in *2 Area covered in " Area covered in 1900 by parts of Franklin, Somerset, York, Cumberland, .Androscoggin, and Oxford counties. 1900 by Hancock county, and by parts of Waldo, Penobscot, Piscataquis, and Aroostook counties. 1900 by Lincoln, Knox, Keimebec, and Sagadahoc counties, and by parts of Waldo, Androscoggin, Somerset, Piscataquis, Franklin, Aroostook, and 1900 by Washington county, and bv parts of Penobscot and Aroostook counties. 1900 by parts of York, Cumberland, Oxford, and Franklin counties. 1900 by Cheshire coimty, and by part of Sullivan county. 1900 by Grafton and Coos counties, and by parts of Carroll and Merrimack counties. 1900 by Hillsboro county (except Pelham, which was in Rockingham county in 1790). and by parts of Merrimack and Sullivan counties. 1900 by Rockingham county, and by part of .Merrimack county, and the town of Pelham (now in HiUsboro county). 1900 by Strafford and Belknap counties, and by paits of Carroll and Merrimack coimties. 1900 by part of .\ddison county. 1900 coextensive with that of 1790. GENERAL TABLES. 211 IN 1790, COMPARED WITH THAT OF TOE SAME AREA IN 1900, WITH PER CENT OF INCREA.SE. MAINE. KALES— continued. Under 16 years. 1790 24,733 6,624 2, 52'J 7, 679 708 7,193 Per cent of Increase. 101,476 310.29 23,758 24,803 27, &i-2 14. 497 10, 75U 258.67 880.74 2liO. 23 1,947.00 49.53 All ages. 1790 47,033 1900 I Pj-fcntof locreasu. 12,519 4,540 14.245 1,278 14,451 342,440 I 91,082 78,306 96,447 38,442 38,103 628.08 627.65 1,626.12 577. IK. 2,907.'.« Itki. l.T IC yean and over. 1790 23,013 0,124 2.143 1900 243, 124 66.S87 .S4.l!>rt To, lAl Per cent of Increase. 956.43 987.31 2, 428 98 '.I.Vl .-.'.I •l.lrj;, 17 212. Isl Under 10 jean. 1790 34,020 G,a»5 2,397 7, .117 Gtl8 7,013 1900 99,310 24. 495 24, 170 25,703 14,510 10,372 Per cent of IncnaM. . NEW BAMPSHIRE. VERMONT. MASSACHUSETTS. RHODE ISLAND. 313. 47 wa.iki 90K 34 242 T.t 1,979. K, 47. Ml " Areacoverfd in 1^ .\rea covered in 1" -Vroacovcri'd in " .\roacovprfd in 18 Area covered In 19 .\rea covered in » .\rpa covered in *i .\rea covered in ».\reaeo\ered in *• -Vrea covered in ** .Vrea covered In * Area covered In '* ,\rea co\'ered in » Area covered in 190Oby 1900 hy 1900 liy 190O1.T 1900 by 19(10 hv 19(10 hv 1900 In- 1900 liv 1900 liV 1900 I'V 1900 bV 19>I0 liy 1900 by Franklin, Grand Isle, Lamoille, and Chittenden coiinlles, and by parts of Orleans, Addison, and Washington counties. Essex, Caledonia, and Orantic counties, and by parl5 of Orleans and Wajshington counties. parts of Rnliatid and .Vddi.son conntie.s. \\'indsorconnIy. and by partof Rutland county. Berkshire conntv. and by partof P'ranklln county. parts of Bristol and Norfolk counties, and by part of Providence county, R. I. part of Essex county. parts of Hampshire, Hampden. Franklin, and Worcester counties. parts of MI'Idlesex. .Siilloik.and Worcejilcr counties. parts of Plymouth a:id lirlslolcoimlies. parts of SiiiToik. Norfolk. Essex, riymniith. NfliMlesex. and Worre.'itor counties. parts of Worcester, Flampden. Hampshire, and .Middlesex counties. Newport county, and by part of Bristol county. Mass. part of f rovldence county. 34,855 56, 457 61.98 70,183 20,5,880 193.32 ' 36,474 149,330 309.41 33.709 1 56,530 •7.70 I 1 7,667 3,311 8, 392 9,607 5,918 6,623 10,761 18,574 10, 787 9,712 '12.48 225. 01 121.33 11.59 64.11 14,090 6,340 16, 170 21,987 ' 11.596 24,014 35.558 66,339 42,545 37,404 70.43 ' 460. 85 310.26 93.50 222.56 7,323 3.295 8.404 11,427 6,026 17,570 21,092 47,492 31.618 27,558 139.93 661. 52 40.'.. 11 176. ;o 357.32 6,767 3.045 7, -lie 10,560 5,570 6,444 10,4»i« 18,847 10,927 8,846 '4.77 3 243.71 3 142.08 4 3.48 fi 70.77 S 22,305 51,045 ■ ■ 128.85 40,362 168,130 I 316.56 ; 19,035 118,318 521.58 21,327 49,812 133. M 1 1,656 3,205 1,761 2,765 4,098 4,672 4,148 3,095 3,233 16.782 13,314 6, 714 3.545 4,362 86.90 0.87 852.98 381.52 63.84 ' 24. 12 5.16 2.959 5,865 3,252 4.847 7,470 8.426 7,543 9,620 10,635 52,642 43,731 22,180 13,182 16,140 225.11 81.33 1,518.76 802.23 196.92 56.44 113.97 1,364 2,820 1,458 2,241 3, 463 4. 128 3,561 6,764 7,478 36,104 30.879 1.5. 4.50 9,771 11,872 395.89 165.18 2,376.27 1,277.91 346.14 136.70 233.38 1.595 3,045 1.794 2.80li 4,007 4,298 3,982 2,856 3.157 16,538 12.852 6,730 3,411 4,268 79.06 3.68 821.85 303.17 67.95 '20.64 7.18 3 87,279 392,096 349. 24 190,475 1,392,918 1 031.29 , 107,885 998,065 825.68 82,590 394,253 377. ai 1 4,093 3,400 I 16.93 8,677 14, 176 63.37 4,915 10,855 130.85 3,762 3,321 '11.72 , 7,790 14,458 85.60 14,794 48,032 224.67 8, .379 33, ita 29.179 6.415 14,809 131. 78 6,939 29,632 327.04 16.071 99,999 522.23 9, 102 67.341 ta».77 0,960 32,658 368.69 711 480 ' 32. 49 1,696 2,233 31.66 %l 1,?28 79.81 735 505 '31.29 12,567 49, 7.58 295.94 30,182 182,229 603.77 17.095 13-', 279 673.79 13,087 49,950 281.08 15,009 41,342 175.45 29,087 140,344 382.50 16,475 99,179 502.00 12,012 41,165 236.40 9,620 88,802 823.10 21,486 320,957 1,393.80 12, 170 232,917 1,813.86 9,310 88,040 845.04 1,017 267 '73.75 2,30:l 1,671 ' 27. 44 1,304 1,338 2.01 999 333 >6«l67 6,536 14,373 119.91 14,984 .53,418 256.50 8,487 39,2X3 362.86 6,497 14,135 117.56 in 9,333 97,086 940.24 23,104 358,306 1,450.84 13,086 260,435 1,890.18 10,018 97,871 876l95 II 13,664 52,498 284.21 28,091 171,553 510.70 15,911 120, 147 65.5.12 12,180 61,406 322.05 13 15,745 73,301 365.55 32,869 241,486' 634.69 1,8,627 170,624 816.00 14,343 70,802 397.56 1 677 2,128 2,856 5,486 4,598 1,903 4,837 22,938 40, .123 3,100 181.09 1,558 127.30 4,153 703.15 7,062 638.(56 1 11,877 '32.58 1 8,219 6,553 14,928 69,373 138,912 11,720 320.60 '■ 250.45 882.34 1,069.59 42.60 883 2,353 4,002 0, 731 4,658 4,686 10,0.10 49, .184 97,712 8,582 430.08 326.03 1,139.23 1,351.67 84.24 en 1,800 3,060 5,146 3,561 1,867 176.99 4,878 171.15 19.779 546.37 41.200 7W.63 3,138 < '11.88 212 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 107.-^V^ITE POPULATION, CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND ACxE, OF EACH OF THE COUNTIES REPORTED CONNECTICUT. — COITNTY. BOTH SE.\ES. MALES. All ages. 16 years and over 1790 1900 Per cent of increase. 1790 1900 Percent of increase. 1790 1900 Percent of increase. 1 The state 232,236 892,424 284. 27 115,028 446,353 288. 04 60,739 313,402 415. 98 35,173 37,498 38,119 18,492 29,883 31,605 13,111 28,356 180,839 191,776 65,182 40,405 262,221 79,421 22,130 50,450 414.14 411. 43 71.00 118.50 777.52 151.29 68.79 77.92 17,543 18,652 19,372 8,870 14,684 15,337 6,587 13,983 89,245 97,444 33,048 19,743 131,923 38,893 10,978 25,079 408. 72 422. 43 70.60 122.58 798.41 153. 59 66.66 79.35 9,149 9,808 10,135 4,730 7,843 8,189 3,449 7,436 62,724 69,606 23,376 14,318 90,852 27,443 7,682 17,401 585.58 609.69 130.65 202. 71 1,058.38 235. 12 122. 73 134. 01 •^ J T,i(/»hflPl<13 g 7 9 NEW YORK. 1 The State 314,366 7,156,881 2,176.61 102,073 3,558,116 2,095.38 83,815 2,448,151 2,820.90 o 72,087 1,583 25,811 42,981 3,021 28,223 29,619 1,058 17,315 12,886 2,945 14,310 26,295 14,028 22,204 424,404 208,408 41,779 93,093 1,146,9m9 1,119,761 1,808,968 1,225,283 137,256 203,328 65,863 74,298 155,638 75,228 376,665 488. 74 13,01)5.38 61.87 116. 59 37,864.55 3,867.55 6,007.46 115,711.25 692. 70 1,477.90 2,136.43 419. 20 491. 89 436. 27 1,596.38 37,644 901 13,293 22,041 1,606 15,071 14,382 716 8,930 6,418 1,500 7,081 13,833 7,405 11,252 207,707 106,030 20,671 46,253 564,321 557,272 897,291 610,565 68,533 103,086 33,841 37,042 78,854 37,435 189,215 451.77 11,668.04 55.50 109. 85 35,038.29 3,597.64 6,138.99 85,174.44 667. 45 1,506.20 2,156.07 423.12 470. 04 405. 54 1,581.61 18,684 545 6,554 10,972 903 7,866 8,482 524 4,596 3,555 747 3,787 7,050 3,616 5,934 147,386 71,525 15,032 33,972 374,351 404,176 610,892 410,947 47,731 67,316 22,679 26,288 54,122 26,551 129, 183 688. M 13,023..'<5 129. 36 209.62 41,350.37 5,038.27 7,102.22 79,470.04 938. 53 1,793.56 2,936.01 594. 10 667. 69 634. 26 2,077.00 •^ t^ 7 ^ q 10 lo n 14 Ulster '8 It Ui NEW JEKSEY. 1 The state 169,954 1,812,317 966.35 86,667 906,543 946.00 45,251 610,059 1,248. 17 ■> 10,108 17,270 2,416 7,990 16,454 12,830 18,661 14,498 14,969 15,532 9,891 10,339 18,996 497,571 100,586 12,328 48,785 554,107 168,239 74,415 88,0.50 85,036 63,503 22,493 35,225 61,359 4,822.54 482. 43 410. 26 510.57 3,267.61 1,211.29 298. 77 507. 32 472. 09 308. &5 127. 40 240.70 223. 11 5,164 8,789 1,240 4,113 8,311 6,598 9,345 7,370 7,521 8,030 5,075 5,209 9,902 250,904 50,883 6,303 24,491 271,784 83,970 36,991 46,. 502 42,542 31,879 11,493 17,619 31,176 4,75a 71 47a 94 40a 79 495.45 3,170.17 1,172.65 295.84 530. 96 465.64 296.99 126. 46 238. 24 214.84 2,885 4,625 631 2,147 4,339 3,287 4,966 3,995 3,843 4,092 2,679 2,819 4,963 164,390 35,029 4,425 16,417 181,183 57,486 25,775 31,936 29,292 22,068 7,962 12,401 21,695 5,637.87 657. 38 601.27 664.65 4,075.68 1,64a 89 419. 03 699. 40 662. 22 439. 30 197. 20 339. 91 337. 13 1 4 6 7 S Hunterdon ^ ... q Middlesex ss 10 11 v .Salem i n Somerset ^^ 14 PENNSYLVANIA. The state. Allegheny 3", Bedford »i . . . Berks'" Bucks' Chester' Cumberland ^ . Dauphin^' Delaware' Fayette' 423,373 6, 141, 664 1,3.50.65 217,487 3, 122, 304 1,335.63 110,559 2,054,286 1,75a 09 10, 032 1,186,717 11,729.32 5,269 612,496 U.. 524. 52 2,524 407,947 16,062.72 13.052 195. 203 1,395.58 6,727 102, 954 1,430.40 2,887 63, 849 2,111.60 29,928 315, 081 952. 80 15,262 101,387 957. 44 7,711 103,277 1,239.35 24,374 6a 788 182.22 12, 423 34. 404 176.94 6,529 23, ISO 254. 57 27, 141 86,391 2ia30 14,076 43.398 20a31 7,486 29,068 296. 31 17,779 73, 690 314.48 9.330 30, 038 286. 26 4,816 23.356 3M. 97 17,886 161,579 803. 38 9,085 81.088 792. 55 4,651 53, 845 1.0.57.71 9. 1.33 84,815 828. 67 4,639 42,279 811.38 2,530 28.508 1,026.80 12, 990 105, 442 711.72 6,835 58,000 748. 57 3,415 37, 861 l,00a67 ' .\rea covered in 1900 coextensive with that of 1790. s Population of Wolcott town added to. and that of Ilartland town and Marlboro town subtracted from. 1900 figures to make areas comparable. ' Population of Southtmry town, llartlaud town and Mlddleburv town added to 1900 figures to make areas comparable. ' PopuUition of Durham town subtracted fron\ 1900 fiKures to make areas comparable. 5 Population of Middlebun,- town, Southbury town, and Wolcott town subtracted from, and that of Durham town added to, 1900 figures to make areas comparable. » Population of Columbia town and part of Marlboro town added to, and that of Lebanon town and \"oluntown town subtracted from, 1900 figures to make areas comparable. ' Population of Columbia town and Jtansfleld town subtracted from, and part of Marlboro town added to. 1910 figures to make at«as comparable. ' Population of Mansfield town, Lebanon town, and \'oluiitown town added to 1900 figures to make areas comparable. Area covered in 1900 by Albany, Rensselaer. .Saratoga, and Schenectady counties, and bv parts of Greene and Schoharie counties. '» Area covered in 1900 by Clinton, Franklin, Essex, and St. Lawrence counties. " Decrease. '= Area covered in 1900 by Dutchess and Putnam counties. 13 Area covered in 1900 by Chemung, Montgomery, Fulton, Herkimer, namilton, Otsego, Jelterson, Tioga, Broome, Chenango, Oneida, Lewis, Madison. Cortland, Oswego, Onondaga, Cavuga, Seneca, and Tompkins counties, and by parts of Delaware, Schoharie, Schmder, and AVavne counties. » Area covered inlOOO by Manhattan borough. li Area covered in 1900 by Chautauqua. Cattaraugus, Allegany, Erie, Niagara, Wvoming, Genesee, Orleans, Monroe, Livingston, Ontario, Yates, and Steuben counties, and by parts of \\ ayne and .Schuyler counties. " Area covered in 1900 by Orange and Rockland counties. GENERAL TABLES. 213 XN 1790, COMPARED WITri THAT OF THE SAME AREA IN 1900, WITH PER CENT OF INCREASE-Continued. CONNECTICUT. HALES— continued. ruuus. ■" Under 16 years. All ages. 16 yean and over. DnderlSyeui. ,790 ' ,900 P-c|^o' 1 1790 1900 Percpntof Incretuo. nw 1900 ''r„'^°' 1790 1900 Percent of locreaie. 11,289 ! 132,9.51 144.89 117,208 ' 446,071 280.58 66,0U ' 3,3,675! 375. U ' 51,1M | 132,3» 158.61 1 .S,39! 8,844 9,237 1,140 6,841 7,148 3,138 6,547 28,521 27,838 9,872 5,425 41,071 ii,4.';d 3,296 7,078 215.95 214.77 4.71 31.01 500.37 60.18 5.04 17.28 17,630 18,846 18,747 9,622 15,198 16,268 6,524 14,373 91,594 94,332 32,134 20,662 130,298 40,528 11,152 25,371 419. .')3 400. .M 71.41 114. 74 757.34 149. 13 70.94 76.52 9,929 10,614 10,558 5,419 8,5.59 9,162 3,674 8,0»5 64,907 66, .117 22,501 15,079 80,999 28,924 7,885 17,850 453.71 526.69 113. 15 17&28 951.39 215.70 114.80 120.51 7,701 8,232 8,180 4,203 8,630 7,106 2,8.M> 6,278 26,687 27,815 9,630 S,583 4a,»t 11,604 3,257 7,521 246.54 237. 8B 17.60 32.83 507.10 63.30 14.28 19.80 NKW TORK. 78,258 1,109,965 1,318.34 152,293 3,598,765 2,263.05 75,461 2,496,517 3,2aa35 76,832 1,102,248 1,334.62 1 18,960 60,321 218. 15 34,443 216,697 529. 15 17,066 136,473 816.82 17, 3n 60,224 246.59 7 3m 34,5a5 9,592. 42 682 102,378 14,911.44 338 68,588 20,192.31 344 33,790 9,722.67 3 6,739 5,639 11 16.32 12,518 21,108 6,8.62 6,202 15,542 1.50.56 8,318 5,586 >• 11.86 4 11,069 12,2S1 10.95 20,940 46,840 123.69 10,376 34,432 231.84 10, 6« 12,408 17.48 5 703 189,970 26,922. 76 1,415 582,588 41,072.30 701 392,286 55,860 91 714 190,302 28,552.94 8 7,205 153,096 2,024.86 13,152 562,489 4,176.83 6,.517 412,217 8,225.28 6,635 1.50,272 2,164.84 7 5,900 2«6,:ja9 4.754.22 15,237 911,677 5,883.31 7,550 629,967 8,24a 93 7,687 281,710 3,5«4. 78 A 192 193,618 100,742.71 342 614,718 179,642. 11 169 424,972 251,382.72 173 189,748 100,579. 77 9 4,334 20,S02 379.97 8,385 68,723 719.59 4,1.5.5 48,242 1,081.08 4,230 20,481 384.18 10 2,863 33,770 1,119.39 6,468 100,242 1,449.81 3,205 65,229 1,935.23 3,263 35,013 973.09 11 753 11,162 1,382.34 1,445 32,022 2,110.06 716 21,.5.V. 2,910. 61 729 10,466 1,33.5.87 12 3,291 10,7.54 226. 47 7,229 37,256 415.37 3,582 28,776 647.52 3,647 10,480 187.38 13 6,783 24,732 264.62 12,462 76,78'1 516. 15 6,175 52,772 754.61 6,287 24,012 281.93 14 3,789 10,8.S4 187.25 6,623 37,793 470.63 3,282 26,9.58 721.39 3,341 10,835 224.30 IS 5,318 60,032 1,02&85 10,952 187,450 1,811.56 5,427 120,507 2,U0.S1 S,S2S «6,»«3 ,,,11.64 18 NEW JERSEY. 41,416 ] 296,484 615.87 83,287 905,774 9S7.S3 I 41,952 610,528 1,355.30 41,335 295,246 6,4.28 I 1 2,299 4,164 609 1,906 3,972 86,514 15,854 1,884 8,074 90,601 3,663.11 280.74 209.36 310. 68 1 2,180.99 4,944 8,481 1,170 3,877 8,143 246,607 49,703 6,019 24,294 282,323 4,888.21 486.05 411.81 £26.61 3,367.06 2.490 4,272 592 1.953 ; 4, 102 100.064 34,;>:ii) 4,204 16,535 191,115 6,328.27 708.43 610. 14 746.65 4,559.07 2,454 4,209 584 1,924 4,041 86,803 15,167 1,815 7,759 91,206 3,429,05 260.35 210. 79 303.27 2,157.07 2 3 4 S 6 3,311 4,379 3,.-i75 3,678 26,484 11,216 14,566 13,250 699.88 156. 13 331.58 260.25 6,232 9,316 7,128 7,448 84,269 37,424 41,548 43,094 1,2,52. 19 301.72 4.S2. 88 478.60 1 3,1,19 4,«I2 3,590 ; 3,752 57,757 26,101 27,212 30,023 1,739.98 457.57 657.99 700.19 3,093 4,624 3,538 3,698 26,512 11,263 14,336 13,071 757.16 143.58 305.20 253.85 7 8 • ,0 3,938 2,396 2,390 4,939 9,811 3,531 5,218 9,481 149. 14 47.37 118.33 91.96 7,502 4,816 5,130 9,094 31,624 11,000 17,606 30,203 321.54 128.40 243.19 232.12 1 3,779 1 2,426 1 2,,5S4 4,581 22,032 7,655 12,319 20,915 483.01 215.54 376. 74 356.56 3,723 2,390 2,546 4,513 9,582 3,345 5,287 9,288 157.64 39.96 107.66 105.81 ,1 12 13 14 PENNSYLVANIA. 106,928 1,068,018 898.82 205,886 3,019,360 1,366.52 102,140 1,969,432 1,828.17 103,746 1,049,928 912. 02 1 1 2,745 3,S40 7,551 5,894 6,590 204,549 39, 105 58,110 11,254 13.730 7,351.69 918.36 669.57 90.94 108.35 4,763 6,325 14,666 11,951 13,065 574,221 92,249 153,694 34,384 42,993 11,955.87 1,358.48 947.96 1S7.71 229.07 2,363 3,138 7,275 6,929 6,482 373,362 54,470 96,918 23,414 29,801 ,5,700.34 ,,635.82 ,,232.02 294.91 359.75 2,400 3,187 7,391 6,022 6,583 200,859 37,779 86,776 10,070 ,3,192 8,280. 13 1,085.41 608. 2S 82.17 ,00.39 , 2 3 4 5 6 4,514 4,434 2,109 3,420 12,682 27,243 13,771 20, 139 180.95 514. 41 552.96 488.86 8,449 8,801 4,494 6,155 37,652 80,491 42,536 47,442 345.64 814.57 846.51 670. 79 ; 4,192 4,366 2,229 3,053 2.5,257 53,407 29,172 27,934 502.50 1,123.25 1,208.75 814.97 4,257 4,435 2,265 3,102 ,2,395 27,064 13,364 19,508 ,91. ,7 610.60 49a 03 528.88 7 8 9 19 "Area covered in 1900 by Queens and Nassau counties. " Area covered in 1900 by Ulster and Sullivan counties, and by parts of Greene and Delaware counties. i» Area covered in 1900 by WastiinRton and Warren counties. •» Area covered in 1900 by Westchester countv, and by part of New York county, SI Area covered In 1900 by Bergen and Hudson counties, and t>y part of I'assalc county. «.\rea covered in 1900 bv Hurlincton county, and by parts of .Mercer and Ocean counties. » .\rea covered in 1900 by Essex and Union counties, and by part of Passaic county. » .\rea covered in 1900 by fJloucester, .\tlnntie. and Camden ooimlie.^. » Area covered In 1900 by Hunterdon county, and by part of Mercer countv. "Area covered in 1900 by Middlc^ux county, and by parts of Mercan counties. « .\rea covered In 1900 by Somerset countv. and by part of Meror county. :if^LTe;;:,tiL^irb7AiSnri''uticrcrS^^ ■1 Area covered in 1900 by Bedford, .•^onu^rset, and Fulton counties, and by parts of tamljria and Blair oounUes. "AreaooveredinlOOOby Berks countv, and by part of Schuylkill county. «i.\reacovered in 1900 by Perry and Cumberland counties. 1 Area covered in 1900 by Dauphin county, and by part of Lebanon county. 76292—09- -15 214 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 107.-WHITE POPULATION, CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND AGE, OF EACH OF THE COUNTIES REPORTED PENNSYLVANIA— Continued. = COUNTY. BOTH SEXES. HALES. All ages. 16 years and over. 1790 1900 Per cent of increase. 1790 1900 Per cent of increase. 1790 1900 Per cent of increase. 15,057 7,491 35, 192 4,868 7,461 22,365 24,086 16,971 51,916 23,617 15,852 36. 182 52,944 134, 628 156,761 560,417 81,387 134, 436 313, 535 694,069 1,229,673 116,393 240, 845 148, 880 251.62 1,697.20 345. 44 11,412.26 990. 83 501. 10 1,201.73 3, 989. 68 2,268.58 392. 84 1,419.34 311.48 7,895 3,9M 17,781 2,565 3,909 11,383 12,411 8,920 25, 393 12,612 8.372 18,640 25,910 68,210 76, 695 288,086 40, 883 66, 446 160,878 358,044 604,268 59, 924 126. 485 73,831 228. 18 1, 622. 47 331.33 11,154.81 945.87 483.73 1,196.25 3, 913. 95 2,279.66 375.13 1,410.81 296.09 4,021 1,871 9,714 1,237 1,954 6,001 6,007 4,191 14, 497 5,333 4,013 i 9,171 16, 137 42,889 50, 004 184,875 25,621 44,956 106, 400 229,013 417,013 39, 172 80,146 46, 599 301.32 2,192.30 414. 76 14,845.43 1,211.21 649.14 1,671.27 5,364.40 2,776.55 634. 52 1,897.16 408. 11 T> Mifflin ^ , 17 IS 10 Philadelphia' '>0 O] oo York '" 1 The state 46,310 153,977 232. 49 23,926 78,486 228.04 11,783 52,935 349. 24 14,050 16,487 15,773 25,017 93, 456 35,504 78.05 466. 84 125.09 7,172 8,720 8,034 12,689 47,578 18,219 76.92 445.62 126.77 3,705 3,973 4,105 8,522 32,803 11,610 130. 01 725.64 182. 82 3 New-Castle 4 Sussex MAKYLAND.12 Tlie state Allegany '' Ann-.\rundel '^ Baltimore ^ Baltimore town and precincts i* Calvert' Caroline w Cecil 1 Charlesi Dorchester la. Frederick » Harford ' Kent 1 Montgomery " Prince Georges '= Queen Anns ' St. Marysi Somersett = Talbot I Washington i Worcester ^* 208,649 4,539 11,664 18,953 11,925 4,211 7,028 10,055 10, 124 10,010 26,937 10, 784 6,748 11,679 10,004 8,171 8,216 8,272 7,231 14,472 7,626 12 1,143,956 69,594 36,545 125, 446 396, 324 5,080 12, 009 20, 850 8,014 18, 476 64, 193 22,411 11,343 30, 387 199, 448 11,991 8,926 26, 126 12, 875 42,642 21,276 448.27 1,433.25 213.31 561.88 3,223.47 20.64 70.87 107. 36 "'20. 84 84 58 138. 31 107. 82 68.09 160. 18 1,893.68 46.75 8.64 215. 84 77.91 194. 65 178. 99 2,351 5,992 9,852 6,422 2,200 3,539 5,224 4,964 4,971 14,026 5.684 3,423 6,030 6,156 4,132 4.043 4,093 3,6.50 7,601 3,901 "566,316 35,215 19, 182 62, 760 191,934 2,745 6,102 10,612 4,186 9, .503 31,902 11,269 5,938 16, 198 97,555 6,154 4,652 13, 151 6,564 20,945 10, 749 428.01 1,397.87 220. 13 537. 03 2,888.70 24.77 72.42 103. 14 " 15. 67 91.17 127.45 98.26 73.47 152. 04 1,792.07 48.94 15.06 221. 30 79.84 175. 56 175. 54 55, 915 1,068 3,142 5,184 3,866 1,091 1,812 2,847 2,565 2,541 7,010 2,872 1,876 3,284 2,653 2,158 2,100 2,185 1,938 3,738 1,985 "374,578 I 20,911 1,857.96 12,522 298. 54 40,921 689.37 127.938 3,209.31 1,660 52.15 3,837 111.75 6,966 144. 68 2,530 i'1.36 5,906 132. 43 20,359 190. 43 7,386 157. 17 3,934 109.70 10, 177 209.90 70,349 2,551.68 3,873 79.47 2,719 29.48 8,265 278.26 4,300 121.88 13,264 254.84 6,761 240.60 VIRGINIA.2S The state. Accomack Albemarle -Vmelia (including Nottoway Co). Amherst ^ Augusta ^ 442, 117 8,976 6,835 6,684 8,286 9,260 2,108,088 20,743 21,969 8,018 21,210 41,919 376. 81 131. 09 221.42 19.96 155. 97 352. 69 Bedford 7,725 20,617 166. Berkley* 16,650 34,218 105.45 Botetourt » 9,241 58,791 536.20 Bmnswick 5,919 7,371; 24.60 BuckinghamM 5,496 10,599 1 92.85 1 Area covered in 1900 ooe.\ tensive with that of 1790. 2 .Irea covered in 1900 Ijy Huntingdon county, and by parts of Center, Cambria, Clearfield, and Blair counties. > Area covered in 1900 by Lancaster county, and by part of Lebanon county 227,071 4,474 3,493 3,406 4,291 4,836 4,051 8,800 4,809 3,001 2,811 10, 617 11,005 4,u52 10, 694 20, 845 10, 294 17,065 29,946 3,711 5,310 373. 85 137. 30 215. 06 18 97 149.22 331.04 154.11 93.92 522. 71 23.66 88.90 110,936 2,297 1,703 1,709 2,056 2,599 1,785 4,253 2,247 1,472 1,274 645,869 6,522 6,711 2,442 6,197 13,069 6,021 10, 703 18,382 2,239 3,100 482. 20 183.94 294. 07 42.89 201.41 402.85 237.31 151.66 718. 07 52.10 143.33 , . - - I county. „ „ .. - - .- , - - ;-. '„" „,.„...,.„.,„, McKean, Potter, Tioga, Columbia, Union, Clarion, Clinton, Elk, Sullivan, Montour, .Snvder, and Cameron counties, and by parts of Armstrong, Center, Venango, Warren, Indiana, ClearQeld, Bradford, and Forest counties. » Areacoveredinl900by Washington and Greene counties, and by part of Beaver county. « Area covered in 1900 by Westmoreland county, and by parts of Armstrong and Indiana counties. '".irea covered in 1900 by York and .\dams counties. " County boundaries same in 1790 as in 1900. w Includes population of the District of Columbia in 1900. la Area covered in 1900 by Allegany and Garrett counties. " Area covered in 1900 by Anne .\rundel and Howard counties. tt Area covered in 1900 by Baltimore county, and by parts of Carroll countv and Baltimore city. I GENERAL TABLES. IN 1790, COMPARED WITH THAT OF THE SAME AREA IN 1900, WITH PER CENT OF INOREASE-Continued. PENNSYLVANIA— ContlDucU. 215 KALES— con tlBued. Under 16 years. 1790 3,874 2,089 8,067 1,328 1,955 5,382 6,404 4,729 10,896 7,279 4,359 9,469 9,773 25,321 26,691 103,811 15,262 21,490 54,478 129,031 187,255 20,752 46,339 27,232 Per cent of Increase. 152. 27 1,112.11 230. 87 7,717.09 680.66 299.29 750.69 2,628.50 1,618. 57 185.09 963.06 187.59 All I 1790 1900 7,162 3,531 17,411 2,303 3,552 10,982 11,675 8,051 26,523 1 11,005 7,480 17,542 I 27,034 6«,418 80,066 271,731 40,504 67,990 152,657 336,015 625,405 56,469 114,360 75,049 Per cent of Increase. 277.46 1,781.00 359.86 11,099.00 1,040. .32 519. 10 1,207.55 4,073.58 2,257.97 413. 12 1,428.88 327.82 16 years and over. 1790 3,SS3 1,762 8,638 1,143 1,762 5,448 5,792 3,994 13,157 5,460 3,711 8,703 1900 17,587 41,544 53,324 168, 476 25,718 46,639 99,260 209,706 439,132 36,254 69,629 48,428 Percent of Increase. 394.99 2,271.23 517.32 14,639.81 1,.1W.59 75<1.0S 1,613.74 5,150.53 3,237.38 563.99 1,776.29 456.45 Under 10 yean. ino 3,600 1,779 8,773 1,160 1,790 5.534 5.HX3 4,057 13,3«a 5,545 3,760 1900 9,447 24,874 26,742 IU:i,255 14,786 21,351 53,397 120,309 180,273 20,215 44,731 26,021 Per cent of lncr«*M. 726.03 285.81 807. AS 3,013.30 1,203.74 19 264.56 20 1,086.81 21 201. U . 22 DBI.AWARE.U 12,143 25,551 110. 41 1 22,384 75,491 1 237.26 11,647 50,619 334.61 10,737 24,872 Ul.M 1 3,467 4,747 3,929 4,167 14,775 6,609 20. 19 211.24 68.21 6,878 7,767 7,739 12,328 45,878 17,285 79.24 490.68 123.35 1 3,579 1 4,041 4,027 8,391 31,287 10,941 134.45 674.24 171.69 3,299 3,726 3,712 3,937 14,591 6,344 19.34 2 291.60 3 70.91 4 MABYDAND." 51,339 B 191,738 273. 47 101,395 "577,640 469.69 68,891 » 388, 126 669.06 42,604 >> 189,616 346.86 1 2 1,283 14,304 1,014.89 2,188 34,379 1,471.25, 1,271 20,434 1,607.71 917 13,946 1,430.72 2,850 6,660 133.68 5,672 17,363 206.12 1 3,294 10,981 233.36 2,378 6,382 168.38 3 4,668 21,839 367. 84 9,101 62,686 588.78 1 5,286 41,170 678. 85 3,815 21,516 463.98 4 2,556 63,996 2,403.76 5,503 204,390 3,614. 16 1 3,196 139,892 4,277. 10 2,307 64,49K 2,605.76 6 1,109 1,085 "2.16 2,011 2,335 16. 11 1 1,168 1,422 21.75 843 913 8.30 6 1,727 2,265 31.15 3,489 5,907 69.30^ 2,026 3,798 87.46 1,463 2,109 44.16 7 2,377 3,646 53.39 4,831 10,238 111.92 2,806 6,825 14.3.23 2,025 3,413 68.64 H 2,399 1,056 "30.97 5,160 3,828 "25.81 2,997 2,244 "25.13 2,163 1,584 "26.77 9 2,430 3,597 48.02 5,0.-i9 8,973 78.07 2,927 5,507 88.14 2,112 3,466 64.11 in 7,016 11,543 64.52 12,911 32,291 ISO. 10 1 7,499 21,114 181.56 5,412 11,177 106.52 11 2,812 3,883 38.09 5,100 11,142 118.47 2,962 7,264 145. 24 2,138 3,878 81.38 12 1,547 2,004 29.54 3,325 5,405 62.56 1,931 3,455 78.92 1..394 1,950 39.89 13 2,746 5,021 82.85 5,649 15,189 168.88! 3,281 10,294 213.75 2,.TIVS 4,895 106.71 14 2,503 27,206 986.94 4,848 101,893 2,001.75] 2,816 74,629 2,550. 18 2,032 27,2f.4 1,241.73 1'. 1,974 2,281 15. 55 4,039 5,837 44.52 1 2,346 3,045 55.37 1,693 2,192 29.47 10 1,943 1,933 "0.51 4,173 4,274 2.42 2,424 2,400 "0.99 1,749 1,874 7.16 17 1,908 1,712 4,886 156. 08 4,179 12,975 210. 48 2,427 8,035 231.07 1,752 4,940 181.90 18 2,264 32.24 3,581 6,311 70.24 2,080 4,122 98.17 1,501 2,189 4S.84 19 3,863 1,916 7,681 98. 84 6,871 21,(i97 215.78 3,991 14,277 257.73 2,880 7,420 157.64 20 3,988 108.14 3,725 10,527 182.60 2,163 6,017 205.92 1,562 3,910 150.32 21 VIRGINIA." 110,135 430,140 270.36 215,016 1,032,079 379.93 111,523 618,013 454.16 103,523 : : a 414,066 299.97 1 o 177 4,095 4,291 1,610 88.10 4,. 502 10,126 124.92 2,335 6,146 ; 163.21 2,167 3,980 83.00 2 1,790 1 697 139.89 " 5. 13 3,342 3,278 10,964 3,966 228.07 20.96 1,733 1,700 6,813 2,401 293. 13 41.24 1,600 1,.57S 4,151 1,.56S 157.99 ■ ■0 82 3 4 2,235 2,237 101.21 3,995 10,516 163.23 2,072 6,093 : 194.06 1,923 4,423 130 01 5 7,776 247.61 4,424 21,074 376.38 2,294 13,523 489.49 2,130 7,551 254.51 6 2,286 4,547 2,562 1,529 1,537 4,273 6,362 ll,.5frl 1,472 2,210 88.57 39.92 3il. 37 3,674 7,850 4,432 2,918 10,323 17,153 28,845 3,664 180.97 118.51 550 83 25.57 1,905 4,071 2,298 1,513 6,224 11,139 17,492 2,117 226.72 173.62 661.18 39.92 1,769 3.779 2,134 I,4rt'. 4,099 6.014 11, .153 1,547 131.71 S9il4 432.01 10 11 7 8 9 431-9 1 2,685 5,289 96.98 1,392 3,153 120.51 1,293 2,136 65.20 11 i« A rp.a covered 1^ Decrease, w Area covere» Area coverwl » Area covered « Area covered *• Area coverel bv the Oi.strict of Columbia, exclusive of Georpetown. in 1900 by Somerset countv. and bv p-irl of \Vl(H)mlco coimty. In 1«« h^y \V|yS-r;;^S'\^/^t v;j;;nir"lnL';ia"i^^^^^^^ mduded in county toUd. .or 1,«, and ,900. i'n^5i^a".!7^u^''.'aUI!;iv^''lTh~p"J^^ n«.h. Pochontas. and ni.hlanJ «,un,.e,. in I'lon hv hiTkolev anil Ji-lTerson "counties, and l>y part of Morpin county. in IMO by BotPtouVt AlloBhanv. and Roanoke counties, and l.y parts of traig. Monroe, and UalU counUea. la 1900 by Bucldngham county, and by part of .\pponmttoi county. 216 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. • Table 107.-WHITE POPULATION, CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND AGE, OF EACH OF THE COUNTIES REPORTED VIRGINIA'— Continued. Campbell > Caroline Charles-City Charlotte! Chesterfield Culpeper * Cumberland Dinwiddle Elizabeth-City Essex Fairfax « Fauquier Fluvanna Franklin Frederick ^ Gloucester' Goochland Greenbrier (includes Kanawa) » Greensville Halifax Hampshire '*• Hanover Hardy '1 Harrison '^ Henrico Henry « Isle of Wight James City King & Queen King George King William Lancaster Loudon '* Louisa _ Lunenburg Mecklenburg Middlesex Monongalia '^ Montgomery '« Nansemond New- Kent Norfolk Northampton Northumberland Ohio " Orange i^ Pendleton '^ Pittsylvania Powhatan Prince Edward >» Prince George Prince William Princess Anne Randolph!" Richmond Rockbridge Rockingham " liusseli" Shaunandoah 21 Southampton Spotsylvania Stafford Surry Sussex Warwick , Washington ^ Westmoreland York BOTH SEXES. 1790 4,946 6,994 2,084 5,199 6,358 13,809 3,577 6,039 1,556 3,543 7,611 11, 157 2,430 5,735 15, 315 6,225 4,140 5,676 2,530 8,931 6,879 6,291 6,556 2,013 5,600 6,763 4,786 1,519 4,159 3,123 2,893 2,259 14, 749 3,880 4,547 7,555 1,531 4,602 12, 394 4,713 2,391 8,928 3,181 4,506 4,907 6,436 2,378 8,538 2,286 4,082 3,387 6,744 4,527 932 2,918 5,825 6,677 3,143 9,979 6,312 5,171 5,466 2,762 4,771 667 5,167 3,183 2,U6 25,871 7,667 1,344 7,116 17, 481 20,885 2,791 16,931 10,757 3,576 20, 465 15,074 5,039 20,005 26,342 12,008 3,961 387,036 3,402 17,922 26,116 9,696 15,015 146, 447 70,044 24,660 6,833 2,712 4,006 3,596 3,266 4,058 23,139 7,896 5,133 10,353 3,684 78,800 152,327 10, 115 1,660 57, 212 6,141 5,680 130, 672 11,833 11,730 36,607 2,343 5,912 2,886" 8,240 6,506 47,292 4,159 19, 693 34,909 108,268 31,209 9,165 8,799 6,489 3,286 4,121 13,948 44, 469 4,381 3,401 Percent of increase. 423.07 9.62 > 35. 51 36.87 174. 94 51.10 3 21. 97 180.36 591. 32 0.93 168.89 35.05 107. 37 248.82 72.00 »4 32 6, 718. 82 34.47 100. 67 279. 65 64.12 129.03 7, 175. 06 1, 160. 79 264. 63 42.77 78.54 23.68 15.14 12.96 79.64 66.82 103. 51 12.89 37.04 140.63 1,612.30 1, 129. 04 114.62 ' 30. 57 540.81 93.05 26.05 2, 562. 97 117.68 393. 27 317. 04 2.49 44.83 » 14. 79 22.18 21.60 4,974.25 42.53 238.08 422.83 3, 344. 42 212. 77 45. 20 70.16 18.74 18.97 3 13. 62 1,991.15 760.63 37.64 60.80 All ages. 2,583 3,530 1,041 2,664 3,209 7,127 1,799 3,186 778 1,777 4,010 5,657 1,243 2,895 8,005 3,120 2,087 3,037 1,296 4,634 3,618 3,049 3,364 1,066 2,993 3,486 2,371 754 2,021 1,538 1,455 1,077 7,669 1,981 2,295 3,872 777 2,434 6,590 2,382 1,192 4,637 1,600 2,183 2,599 2,743 1,254 4,456 1,171 2,121 1,787 3,441 2,320 491 1,401 3,069 3,468 1,703 5,188 3,178 2,639 2,696 1,383 2,389 334 2,727 1,569 991 12, 765 3,814 714 3,658 8,668 10,244 1,336 8,365 7,091 1,777 10, 628 7,418 2,492 9,868 12,915 6,127 2,034 200, 794 1,759 9,107 13,346 6,023 7,615 75,383 34,562 12,463 3,446 1,424 1,941 1,839 1,672 2,094 11,266 3,916 2,614 6,126 1,887 40,8t22 77,286 6,017 877 29,228 3,191 2,994 67,093 5,790 5,934 17,777 1,247 1,483 4,189 2,944 25, 596 2,080 10,042 17,094 65,981 15, 349 4,650 4,236 3,270 1,718 2,098 8,097 22,367 2,301 1,770 Per cent of increase. 394. 19 8.05 S31.41 37.31 170. 11 43.74 a 25. 74 162. 55 811.44 162.54 31.01 100. 48 240.86 61.34 96.38 3 2.59 6,611.59 36.72 100.86 268.88 64.74 126. 37 6, 971. 68 1,064.76 257. 51 45.34 88.86 3 3.96 19.57 14.91 94.43 46.77 97.63 13.90 32.39 142.85 1, 577. 16 1,072.78 110. 62 3 26. 43 530.32 99.44 37.15 2, 481. 49 111.08 373. 20 299.03 6.49 35.27 3 17.01 21.74 26.90 6,113.03 48.47 227.21 392. 91 3,187.20 195. 85 46.32 60.52 21.29 24.22 3 12. 18 2, 324. 25 720.20 46.65 78.61 16 years and over. 1790 1900 1,236 1,799 532 1,285 1,652 3,372 885 1,790 390 908 2,138 2,674 589 1,266 3,836 1,597 1,028 1,463 669 2,214 1,662 1,637 1,108 487 1,823 1,623 1,208 395 995 757 723 535 3,677 957 1,110 1,857 407 1,089 2,846 1,215 605 2,650 857 1,046 1,222 1,317 568 2,008 623 1,044 966 1,644 1,169 221 704 1,517 1,816 734 2,409 1,632 1,361 1,341 732 1,215 176 1,287 815 530 Percenter increase. 7,768 2,280 473 2,124 5,363 6,217 847 5,433 5,814 1,070 7,112 4,488 1,551 5,157 8,062 3,715 1,283 113,327 1,064 5,247 8,088 3,086 4,457 46, 872 23,031 6,728 2,121 1,015 1,183 1,074 1,013 1,271 7,274 2,415 1,568 3,057 1,145 25,769 42,807 3,065 528 19,847 2,008 1,880 42,721 3,385 3,357 10,337 769 1,783 942 2,609 1,900 16,961 1,239 5,961 10,129 30,431 9,235 2,797 2,679 1,980 1,107 1,288 6,004 12,722 1,414 1,037 1 Area covered in 1900 by Virginia and West Virginia. Independent cities are included in county totals for 1790 and 1900. ' Area covered in 1900 by Campbell county, and by part of .Appomattox countv. 3 Decrease. < Area covered in 1900 by Charlotte county, and by part of .\ppomattox county. s Area covered in 1900 by Culpeper, Madison, and Rappahannock counties. 6 Area covered in 1900 by Alexandria county, and by part of Fairfax county. ' Area covered in 1900 by Frederick and Clarke counties, and by part of Warren county. 8 Area covered in 1900 by Gloucester and Mathews counties. 9 Area covered in 1900 by Greenbrier, Boone, Cabell, Clay, Fayette, Jackson, Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan, Mason, Mingo, Nicholas, Putnam, Raleigh, Roane, Wayne, and Wyoimng counties, and by parts of Braxton. Calhoun, Gilmer, McDowell, Monroe, Pocahontas, Summers, Webster, Wirt, and Wood counties. i» Area covered in 1900 by Hampshire and Mineral counties, and by part of Morgan county, u Area covered in 1900 by I lardy and Grant counties. 12 Area covered in 1900 by Harrison, Doddridge, I>ewis, and Ritchie counties, and by parts of Barbour, Braxton, Calhoun, Gilmer, Marion, Taylor, Upshur, Webster, Wirt, Wood, aud Pleasants coimties. GENERAL TABLES. 217 IN 1790, COMPARED WITH THAT OF THE SAME AREA IN 1900, WITH PER CENT OF INCREASE-Continued. VIRO INI A"— Continued. MALES— continued. rEHALES. ^~ Under 16 years. All ages. 16 years and over. Under 16 yeara. 1790 1900 Per cent of Increase. 1790 1900 Per cent of Increase. 1790 1900 Per cent of Increase. 17(0 1900 Per cent of Incraue. 1,347 4,997 270. 97 2,363 13,106 4.54.63 1,225 ^ '- 1 •-, ,| 1,138 4,822 32173 13 1,731 1,534 ' 11.38 3,464 3,853 11.23 ' 1,796 ., 1,668 1,447 • 13.25 13 509 241 ' 52. 65 1,1X3 630 •39.60 541 , .-J 'HI 603 208 • 58.57 14 1,379 1,534 11.24 2,535 3,458 36.41 1,315 j,iiii Ga9i 1,230 1,342 10 00 15 1,557 3,305 112.27 3,149 8,813 179.87 1,633 5,592 242.44 I,S1« 3,221 112.47 IS 3,7.M 4,027 7.24 6,682 10,641 59.25 3,465 6,704 93.48 3,217 3,937 22 38 17 9H 1,39« 489 2,9:r2 ' 4fi. 50 110.03 1,778 2,853 1,455 8,566 •18.17 1 200.24 922 1,480 922 5,-i77 856 1,373 533 2.8H9 •37.73 110 42 19 2S3..58 388 1,277 229. 12 778 3,666 371.21 404 2,372 488. .59 374 1,2»4 245.07 ao 869 707 •18.64 1,766 1,799 1.87 916 1,131 23.47 giO 6«8 •21.41 31 1,872 3,418 82.48 3,601 9,937 175.95 1,888 6,. 598 »,! 40 1.733 3,339 92 «« 23 2,983 2,930 • 1.94 5,500 7,656 39.20 : 2,852 4,843 69. Kl 2,648 2,813 A. 23 21 654 941 43.88 1,187 2,547 114.57 616 l,l>46 167. 21 571 eoi 47.79 24 1,629 4,7U 189.20 2,W0 10,137 256.94 1,473 5,702 287.10 1,367 4,435 224.43 2S 4,170 4,8.53 16.38 7,310 13,427 83.68 3,791 8,704 129.60 3,519 4,723 34.21 28 1,523 2,412 58.37 3,105 5,941 91.34 1,610 3.636 12.5 84 1,495 2,305 54.18 27 1,059 751 '29.08 2,053 1,927 •6.14 1,065 1.209 13. .52 988 718 •27.33 28 1,574 87,467 5,456.99 2,639 186,242 6,957.29 : 1,369 102,S11 7,409.93 1,270 83,431 «,4«9.37 20 627 69.5 10.84 1,234 1,643 3a 14 : 640 9.53 4^91 5»4 «90 16.16 10 2,320 3,860 66.38 4,397 8,815 100.48 ; 2,280 5,1.57 126.18 2,117 3,658 7X79 31 1,956 5,2.58 168.81 3,261 12,770 291.60 1,691 7,789 360.62 1,.570 4,981 217.26 33 1,412 1,938 37.25 3,242 4,673 44.14 1,681 2,977 77. in l,.«il 1,696 &65 33 2,256 3,1.58 39.98 3,192 7,400 131.83 1,655 4.32S lr.1.51 1,537 3,072 99.87 34 579 29,511 4,996.89 947 71,064 7,404. 12 491 42,931 8,643. .58 456 28,133 6,069.52 3S 1,170 11, .«1 885.56 2,607 35,482 1,261.03 1,352 24,143 1,B.S'>. 72 1,255 11,339 803.51 3t 1,963 5,73.5 192. 15 3,277 12,197 272.20 1.699 r.,K.|i. :("J. !M 1,.'.78 5,151 239.10 37 1,163 1,325 13.93 2,415 3,387 40.25 l,2-.2 2.i>l.i la. is 1,UV3 1,344 15.56 38 359 409 13.93 765 1,288 6a37 397 '.til l.«i.y7 368 2S 1.90 39 1,0'26 758 • 26.12 2,138 2,065 • 3.41 1,109 1,238 11.63 1,029 827 • 19.63 40 781 765 • 2.05 1,585 1,757 10.85 822 1,U37 26.16 763 720 •5.64 " 732 5';9 »9.97 1,438 1,594 10.85 746 1.009 y,. 25 692 585 •15.46 42 542 823 51. 84 1,182 1,964 66.16 613 1.114 81.73 S69 890 49.38 43 3,992 3,982 • 0.25 7,080 11,883 67.84 3,672 7. SIS 113.45 3,408 4,045 1&«9 44 1,021 1,500 46.48 1,899 3,981 109.64 9S.5 2. .561 160.00 914 1,420 55.36 45 1,18.5 1,016 •11.73 2,252 2,519 11.86 1,168 1,527 30.74 1,081 992 •a49 40 2,015 2,069 2.68 3,683 5,227 41.92 1.910 3,156 65. 24 1,773 2,071 16.81 47 370 742 100.54 7.54 1,797 138.33 391 1,0» 168. .54 wy 747 105.79 48 1,315 15,a53 1,019. 18 2,168 37,978 1,651.75 1,124 23,. 557 1,995.82 1.044 14.421 1,281.32 49 3,744 34,479 820.91 5,8(M 75,(>«1 1,192.92 3,010 42,098 1,298.60 2.794 32,943 1,079.06 50 1,167 1,952 67.26 2,331 5,098 118.70 1,209 3,228 167.00 1,122 1,870 M.67 51 587 349 " 40. .54 1,199 783 • 34.70 622 492 • 20.90 577 291 •49. .57 53 1,987 9,381 372. 12 4,291 27.984 M2.13 2,22.5 18.. '42 733.35 2,066 9,442 357.01 S 743 1,183 59.22 1,581 2,950 86.59 820 l.-W) 120. 12 761 1,145 50.46 54 1,137 1,114 • 2.02 2,323 2,686 15.63 1,205 1,617 34. 19 1,118 1,069 ■ 4. 38 .55 1,377 24,372 1,069.93 2,308 63,579 2,654.72 1,197 39,961 3,238.43 1,111 23,618 3,025.83 .50 1,426 6Sf> 2,405 2 577 68.65 275 M 2,693 1,124 6,043 5,796 124. 85 41.5.66 1,397 5S3 3.731 3.396 167. 07 4«2..'iO 1,296 .541 2,312 2,400 78.40 343.62 57 .58 2,447 54S 1,077 7,440 478 1,086 204.05 • 12. 77 0.84 4,083 1,115 1,961 17,830 1,096 3,043 336.69 •1.70 55. 18 2,117 578 1,017 10.613 711 1,919 401. 32 23.01 88L69 1,966 537 944 7,217 385 1,124 267.09 •28.31 19.07 59 60 61 822 1,797 1,151 270 697 541 1,.5S0 1,014 9,635 841 • 34. 18 • 12. OS •9.30 3,468. .52 20.66 1,600 3,303 2,207 441 1,517 1,403 4,051 2,561 21,696 2,079 • 12. 31 22.65 16. M 4,819.73 37.05 830 1,713 1,145 229 787 874 2.603 1.574 12,471 1,176 .5 30 51.96 37.47 5,34.5 8.5 49.43 770 1,.590 1,062 212 730 .529 1,448 9S7 9.225 903 •31.30 •a93 •7.06 4,251.42 23.70 03 63 64 65 6« 1,5.52 1,652 969 2,779 1,546 4,081 6,965 25,. 550 6,114 1,853 162. 95 321. 61 2,536. 73 120.01 19. &5 2,7.56 3,209 1,440 4,791 3,134 9,651 17.815 52.277 15,860 4,S1S 250. IS 4.55. 16 3,5.-t0. 35 231.04 44.06 1,429 1,664 747 2,485 1,«2S 5,895 11,098 27,616 9.869 2.732 312.53 .566. as 3,596.92 297.14 68.12 1.327 1..54'. 693 2,306 1,509 3.7.56 6.717 24. «1 5.991 1,783 18104 334.76 3,4.58. 59 1.59.80 18.16 67 68 60 70 71 1.278 I, IV, 651 1,174 1..557 1,290 611 810 21.83 • 4.80 •6. 14 • 31.01 2,. 5.12 2.769 1.379 2,382 4, .563 3,219 1,.V« 2,023 80.21 16.25 13.71 • 15.07 1.313 1,436 715 1,235 2,984 1,968 9»5 1,216 127.27 37.05 39.16 • 1.54 1.219 1.333 664 1,147 1,.579 1,2.51 S73 807 39.53 • 6.15 • 1170 •29.64 73 73 74 75 1.58 l,-»40 7.54 461 2,093 9,645 8S7 733 1,224.68 .569. 79 17.64 .59.00 333 2,440 1.614 1,124 .5,851 22.102 2.080 1,631 1,657.06 805.82 2a 87 45.11 173 1,26.5 837 583 3,756 12,790 1,.WI 939 2,071.10 911.07 .55 44 CI. 06 160 1,175 777 &41 2.095 9,312 779 .92 1,209.38 602 51 028 27.91 78 77 78 79 >» .\rca covored in IJXX) by ricnry and Patrick counties. » .\rea covered in V.m l>y Loudoun county, and h\; rmrt ot Fairfax <•<;""'>:•.,„„ „„ . x.vlnr ro.intlM « ^S 'ZZi IS '^ U ^^^i^^Z^iZh^^O^:^:^^:^^:^. Sr^-L^an^Srythe count.«. and by part, o,C™.g. McDoweU.M-™. Smytiw Summers, and Taiewell eomuies^.^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ y^^, ^^^^^ ^^ ^.^^ ^„„U„ „d by part of Plea»nt. county. 'ocahontas. Preston. Upshur, and Webster counties. " Area covered in 1900 I . '« Area covered in 19y Randolph i..... r, . , i-.„;.„ ~„,r,t,. - 17^ ZZi i'n" l^^lS^^ltl^^'^^^^^^^r^^S^^^ P-U. or UcDowel.. Scott. «.d TaseweU oounU-. 1 1900 l>y Pendleton county, and by part of Ilichland «'""'5^- „„,_ I 1900 bv Prince Edward county, ani by part of Apponuittoi county, 1 I'lon bV Randolph and Tucker counties, and by parts ol Barliour. i 218 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 107.-WHITE POPULATION, CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND AGE, OF EACH OF THE COUNTIES REPORTED NORTH CAROLINA. = COUNTY. BOTH SEXES. UALES. All ages. 16 years and over. 1790 1900 Per cent of increase. 1790 1900 Per cent of increase. 1790 1900 Per cent of increase. 1 The state 289,181 1,261,603 336.96 147,825 632,155 327. 64 70,172 356,589 408.16 ? Eden ton district 33,568 56,455 68.18 17,058 28,678 68.12 8,405 16,865 100.65 3 6,963 2,954 2,360 4,002 3,076 3,269 3,790 3,519 3,635 28, H2 8,717 3,283 4,406 6,409 5,609 6,895 6,630 5,088 10,418 112,522 25.19 11.14 86.69 60.14 82.35 80 33 74.93 44.59 186.60 300.26 3,621 1,479 1,189 2,042 1,662 1,637 1,986 1,805 1,837 14,436 4,440 1,690 2,221 3,302 2,826 2,964 3,396 2,657 5,283 55,863 26.10 14.27 86.80 61.70 80.86 81.06 71.00 41.66 187.59 287. 00 1,719 725 638 1,018 790 813 951 884 867 7,111 2,610 959 1,302 1,940 1,773 1,750 2,000 1,466 3,065 31,816 51.83 32.28 104. 08 90.57 124. 43 115. 25 110.30 65.84 253. 52 347.42 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 Fayette district 4,365 6,467 3,487 4,415 4,533 4,845 37,955 20,092 26,810 16,773 13,801 19,577 16,469 83,827 360.30 314. 67 362. 34 212. 59 331.88 239. 92 120.86 2,218 3,413 1,816 2,301 2,270 2,418 19,345 10,122 13,198 7,766 6,802 9,806 8,170 42,694 356. 36 286.70 327. 82 195.61 331.98 237.88 120. 70 1,035 1,852 850 1,096 1,132 1,146 9,215 5,496 7,561 4,604 3,992 5,567 4,696 24,965 431.01 308. 26 429.88 264. 23 391. 78 309.77 170.92 15 18 19 Halifax district '*0 7,028 4,764 7.170 4,085 6,189 6,120 4,599 45,820 16,904 12,678 11,060 8,056 18,887 9,031 7,211 148,918 140. 52 166. 12 54.25 97.21 263.98 76.39 56. 79 . 226. 01 3,541 2,457 3,699 2,077 2,568 2,618 2,385 23,840 8,576 6,466 5,649 4,170 9,653 4,663 3,618 73,863 142.19 163.13 52.72 100.77 275.90 74.29 51.70 209.83 1,663 1,076 1,873 1,067 1,134 1,335 1,067 10,937 5,087 3,751 3,469 2,353 5,542 2,681 2,082 43,183 206.89 248.61 85.21 120. 52 388.71 100.82 95.13 294.83 Franklin w **? Martin ^ '1 Nash " '>fi Warren 12 07 niUsborouctt district Caswell 13 ?s 7,288 7,593 6,504 10,055 6,834 7,546 30,687 16,491 15,573 17,176 43,693 24,660 31,525 373,248 126.28 106. 10 164. 08 333. 55 259. 38 317.77 1,116.31 3,911 3,929 3,454 5,142 3,642 3,862 15,726 8,311 7,763 8,499 21,463 12,119 15,708 185,717 112.50 97.58 146. 06 317.41 242. 15 300. 73 1,080.96 1,801 1,761 1,581 2,433 1,590 1,771 0,953 4,679 4,432 4,917 12,697 6,803 9,655 99,651 159. 80 151.68 211.01 421.87 327. 86 445 17 1,333.21 ?9 Chatham ^ in •^^ n Wake '» 14 Morgan district Burke 1' Ti 7,497 8,391 7,197 7,602 38,800 134,633 56,081 124,212 68,322 127,391 1,695 82 508.35 1,626.89 667.19 228.33 3,813 4,350 3,695 3,868 19,471 67,212 27,427 62,193 28,885 64,610 1,662.71 530. 51 1,683.17 646. 77 231. 83 1,706 2,057 1,576 1,615 9,595 36,120 14,955 33,438 16,138 37,510 2,018.48 627.03 2,021.70 837.34 290.93 16 Lincoln i'. 17 Rutherford li* IS Wilkes^ 11 An 3,655 2,932 6,474 4,936 3,024 4,298 3,071 5,881 4,529 58,425 16,002 9,297 14,472 16,852 6,132 26,678 4,466 15,397 19,095 286,716 337. 81 217.09 123.54 241. 41 102. 78 497. 44 45.42 161.81 321. 62 390. 74 1,834 1,427 3,248 2,457 1,500 2,217 1,630 2,969 2,283 29,936 8,138 4,689 7,259 8,551 3,176 12,951 2,301 7,926 9,620 143,234 343.73 228. 59 123. 49 248. 03 110.89 484. 17 50.39 166. 92 321.38 378. 48 910 718 1,710 1,164 792 1,040 736 1,461 1,064 14,003 4,816 2,841 4,342 6,000 1,828 7,213 1,344 4,600 6,526 80,790 429.23 295.68 163.92 329. 65 130. 81 593.56 82.61 214.85 419.36 476.95 4) Carteret ^ 4'' Craven ^ 41 Dobbs '< 44 Hyde^ 4'i Johnston ■'" . . «i 47 Pitt' 4S Wayne" 49 Guilford ' fin 6,657 4,559 9,685 4,191 5,088 14,129 7,633 6,483 15,814 27,969 26,608 67,009 23,936 21,644 63,3S0 40,866 35,604 74,526 320. 14 481. 44 488.63 471. 13 323. 43 277. 80 4.15 39 447. 66 371. 27 3,422 2,336 4,927 2,162 2,699 7,227 3,968 3,294 8,015 13,993 12,966 28,678 12,032 10,902 26,557 20,506 17,701 37,490 308. 91 455. 01 480. 03 456. 63 319. 47 267. 47 416. 78 437.37 367. 82 1,615 1,118 2,364 942 1,188 3,399 1,846 1,531 3,963 8,439 7,260 16,324 6,226 6,106 15,104 11,625 9,707 21,809 422.64 549.37 690. 52 660.83 413.97 344.37 S29.74 534.03 451.71 M Iredell^ fi? ■il Montgomery 30 .'i4 SI m Stokes ^ 'il Surry 3s ss Wllmingtnn distri'-t Bladen« 59 3,356 1,550 4,274 3,032 3,596 21,891 10,612 13.877 19,916 8,330 562. 29 575 58 224. 68 556.86 131. 66 1,671 778 2,222 1,636 1,808 10,930 5,337 6,982 9,907 4,340 554. 10 585. 99 214. 22 544. 99 140. 04 837 380 1,035 834 867 6,084 2,992 4,036 6,200 2,497 626.88 687.37 289. 96 643. 41 188.00 fin fii Duplin ' fi'' New Hanover** fii Onslow 1 1 Area covered in 2 Decrease. « Area covered in < .\rea covered in ' Area covered in « Area covered in ' Area covered In « Area covered in » Area covered in 1" Area covered in ^1 Area covered in 12 Area covered in 13 Area covered in ^* Area covered in 1^ Area covered in IS Area covered in »' -\rea covered in Alexander counties. 18 Area covered in 1900 coextensive with that of 1790. 1900 by Currituck coimty, and by part of Dare county. 1900 by Tyrrell and Washington counties, and by part of Dare county. 1900 by Anson county, and by part of Union county. 19U0 by Harnett county, and by part of Cumberland county. 1900 by Richmond and Scotland counties. 1900 by Sampson county, with the exception of a small section. 1900 by Edgecombe county, and by part of Wilson county. 1900 by part of Franklin county. 1900 by K'asli county, and by part of Wilson county. 1900 by Warren county, and by part of Vance county. 1900 by Caswell and Person counties. 1900 by Granville county, and by parts of Vance and Franklin counties. 1900 by I )r3nge and Alamance counties, and by part of Durham county 1900 by Wake county, and by part of Durham countv. 1900 by Burke, Madison, Yancey, and Mitchell counties, and by parts of McDowell, Haywood, Swam, Buncombe, Caldwell, Watauga, and 1900 by Lincoln, Gaston, and Catawba counties, and by part of Cleveland county. GENERAL TABLES. m 1790, COMPARED WITH THAT OF THE SAME AREA IN 1900. WITH PER CENT OF INCREASE-Continued. KORTH CAROIiINA. 219 HALES— continued. ' miAUES. Under IG yoars. All ages. 16 yoon and over. Under 16 ymn. \1V<) 1900 Percent of Increase. 1790 1900 Per cent of Increase. 17(0 1900 Per cent of Inonaae. 17W IfOO Perontof looreu*. 77,653 275,566 254.87 141,356 631,448 346.71 69,007 366,471 430.00 73, J» 364, on aaa.86 8,653 11,813 36.52 16,510 27,777 68.24 8,067 10,314 103.23 8,441 u,4n 3s.n 1,802 754 551 1,024 772 824 1,035 921 970 1,830 731 919 1,362 1,052 1,214 1,396 1,091 2,218 1.55 >3.05 66.79 33.01 36.27 47.33 34.88 18.46 128.66 3,442 1,475 1,171 1,960 1,614 1,632 1,804 1,714 1,798 4,277 1,693 2,186 3,107 2,784 2,931 3,234 2.631 5,135 24.26 8.00 86.59 68.52 83.88 79.60 79.27 47.67 186.60 1,682 721 872 958 740 797 881 837 879 2,SS« •31 1,313 1,764 1,660 1,740 1,964 1.444 2,959 82.14 29.13 129.85 84.13 122.97 118.32 121.79 72.52 236.63 1,700 764 899 1,002 774 835 823 877 919 1,718 ea> «72 1,343 1,134 1,191 1,280 1,067 2,176 •3. 39 •12.30 48.88 34.03 46.81 42 63 38.68 23.96 136.78 7,324 24,047 228.33 13,677 56,659 314.26 6,683 33,108 395.41 6,9B4 23,881 238.73 1,183 4,626 291.04 2,147 9,970 364.37 1,049 8,871 431.08 1,098 4,399 300 64 261.11 3,054 13,612 345.71 1,492 8,032 438 34 1,662 8,880 257.23 237.93 1,672 8,008 378.95 817 4,699 475. 16 888 3,309 287 02 1,205 2,810 133.20 2,114 6,999 231.08 1,033 4,179 304.55 1,081 2,820 160 87 4, 239 272.60 2,263 9,771 331.77 1,106 5,800 424.41 1,187 3,»7I 243 22 1,272 3,474 173. 11 2,427 8,299 241.94 1,186 4,827 307.00 1,241 3,472 179.77 10,130 17,729 75.01 18,610 41,133 121.03 9,093 24,876 170.27 9,617 16, 887 73. «7 1,878 3,489 85.78 3,487 8,328 138.83 1,704 6,010 194.01 1,783 3,318 86.09 2,714 96.62 2,307 6,213 169.31 1,127 3,712 229.37 1,180 2,801 111.96 1,826 2,180 19.39 3,471 6,411 55.89 1,696 3,303 94.76 1,778 2,108 18.76 1,010 1,817 79.90 2,008 3,886 93.53 981 2,308 134.96 1,027 1,881 83.94 1,434 4,111 186.68 2,621 9,234 2,'J2. 31 1,281 6,346 317.25 1,340 3,888 190.22 1,283 1,882 46.69 2,602 4,468 78.58 1,222 2,697 120.70 1,280 1,771 38.36 1,318 1,536 16.54 2,214 3,693 62.29 1,082 2,204 103.70 1,132 1,38« 22.70 12,903 30,680 137. 77 21,980 75,055 241.47 10,739 45,604 323.73 11,241 29,861 162.89 2,110 3,632 72.13 3,377 8,180 142.23 1,660 4,794 190.55 1,727 3,386 98.06 2,168 3,331 53.64 3,664 7,810 113. 16 1,790 4,683 161.62 1,874 3,127 66.86 1,873 3,582 91.24 3,050 8,677 184.49 1,490 5,164 246.58 1,5«0 3,813 128.19 2,709 8,766 223.59 4,913 22,130 360.44 2,401 13,606 466.92 2,812 8,824 239.20 1,952 5,316 172 34 3,292 12, 441 277.92 1,608 7,384 359.20 1,684 8,087 200.30 2,091 6,053 189.48 3,684 15,817 329.34 1,800 9,873 448.50 1,884 8,944 218.50 8,773 80,066 881.03 14,961 187,531 1,153.47 7,310 104,101 1,324.09 7,651 83,430 990.48 2,108 31,092 1,374.95 3,684 67,421 1,730.10 1,800 37,408 1,978.22 1,884 30,013 1,493.06 2,293 12, 472 443.92 4,041 28,654 609.08 1,975 16,242 722.80 2,066 12, 412 60a48 2,119 28,755 1,257.01 3,502 62,019 1,670.96 1,711 34,148 1,896.62 1,791 27,874 1,466 34 2,253 13,747 510. 16 3,734 29,437 688.36 1,824 16,306 793.97 1,910 13,131 887.49 9,876 27, 100 174.40 19,329 62,781 224.80 9,444 36,784 289.50 9,885 25,997 162.99 924 3,322 259. 52 1,821 7,864 331.85 890 4,663 422.81 931 3,211 244.90 709 1,848 160.65 1,505 4,608 206.18 738 2,780 278.23 770 1,828 137.40 1,538 2,917 89.66 3,226 7,213 123.59 1,876 4,292 172. 34 1,660 2,021 77 03 1,293 3,651 174.63 2,479 8,301 234.85 1,211 4,878 302.56 1,288 3,42« 170. 19 714 1,348 88.80 1,518 2,966 94.73 742 1,700 129.11 776 I.2S6 61.86 1,177 5,738 387.61 2,081 12,727 511.58 1,017 7,249 612. 78 1,064 8,478 414.88 794 957 20.53 1,541 2,166 40.49 753 1,270 68.66 788 806 13.68 1,508 3,325 120.49 2,912 7,472 156.59 1,423 4,426 211.03 1,489 3,046 104. S7 1,219 4,094 235.85 2,24« 9,476 321.86 1,097 5,839 404.92 1,149 3,936 242.86 15,932 62, 444 291.94 28,490 143,482 403.62 13,920 84,077 804 00 14,570 69,406 307.73 1,807 6,554 207.36 3,235 13,976 332.02 1,6«1 8,711 460.98 1.654 6,266 2ia32 1,218 5,705 368.39 2,223 13,543 509.22 1,086 8,aS7 641.90 1,137 6,486 383.80 2,563 12,254 378.11 4,768 28, 431 497.84 2,325 16,678 617.33 2,433 11,783 383.07 1,220 5,807 376.98 2,029 11,904 486.69 991 6,486 851.46 1,038 8,448 424.86 1.411 4,796 239.90 2,489 10,642 327.66 1,216 6,136 404.61 1,273 4,606 383 97 3,828 11,453 199.19 6,902 26,823 288.63 3,372 18,901 371.86 3,830 10,923 209.41 2,122 8,881 318. 52 3,665 20,360 455.53 1,791 11,969 668.29 1,874 8,391 347.78 1,763 7,994 353.43 3,189 17,803 458.26 1,888 10,169 882.70 1,631 7,«34 388.08 4,062 16,687 286.19 7,799 37,030 374.80 3,811 22,007 477.46 3,988 18,023 376. n S34 4,846 481.06 1,685 10,961 650.50 823 e,.^! 668.04 862 4,640 438.28 398 2,345 2 946 489.20 778 5,175 865.17 380 2,919 668.16 3«8 2,286 466.83 1 187 148.19 2,052 6,895 236.01 1,003 4,084 304 19 1,049 2.841 170.83 702 3,707 428.06 1,496 10,009 669.05 731 6,385 773 46 765 3,624 378. 7S 941 1,843 95.86 1,788 3,990 123.15 874 2,328 1C6.36 914 1,663 81 84 • parts of .\lleitbany, Watauga, Alexander, and Caldwell countle*. ['amllco county. " .\rea covered in 1900 by Cherokee, Graham, Macon, Jackson, Transylvania, Henderson, Polk, Rutherford, and (lay eountliw, and by parts of Swain, Cleveland. Buncombe, HavwootJ, and McDowell counties. » .Vrea covered in VMm by Ashe and Wilkes counties, and by i " .Vrea covered in \'M)0 by Deautort county, and by part of Pa " Areacovered in I'.KK) by partofCarUTeteounty. . „ _. . .,„ o Area covered in lliOO by Craven CDUnty. and by parts of Pamlico and Carteret counties. « .\rea covered In 1900 by Lenoir and ti'reene counties. •Area covered In 1900 by II vde count v. and by part of Dare county. » Area covered In 19(X) by Johnston counlv, and by part of Wilson county. » Areacoveredln 1900 bv Wayne county, and by part of Wli.wn county. « Area covered in I'KK) by IredeU county, and by part of AlP.xander county. „„„„„ "Area covered in VMM by Mecklenburg and Cabarrus counlie.s, and by part of Union county. ••Areacoveredln liXWbv MontgomeryandStanlycountlis. ,, „, v„„„,h ~.,.n.« •' Area covered in I'.KW by Davie, Rowan, and Davidson counties, and by part of Fors) th county. " Area covered In l'.«K) by Stokes county, and by part of ^orsyth «o""'>',- . „„^^„„,_ •• Areacovereii in l'.«in bv Yadkin and Surry counties, and by part of ;^''«'>any county X Area covered in vm by Bladen countv. and by parts of Cumberland and Columbus counties. «» Area covered in l!«l<) bv nmnswick county, and by P'lrt "' ' "'•'"'.''"^'^""".'V. mT,«,n .v,nnlv »• Area covered In 1900 by New IJ anover and Pender counties, and by part of bampson county. 220 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 107.-WHITE POPULATION, CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND AGE, OF EACH OF THE COUNTIES REPORTED SOUTH CAROLINA. ~~ COUNTY. BOTH SEXES. MALES. All ages. 16 years and over 1790 1900 Per cent of increase. 1790 1900 Per cent of increase. 1790 1900 Per cent of increase. 1 The state 140, 178 557,807 297.93 73,298 281, 147 283.57 35,576 161,778 354.74 4,364 29.242 15.402 7,418 8,878 62,462 12,412 11,585 96, 707 50,266 41,990 58.833 233,589 64,837 165.47 230. 71 226. 36 406. 06 562. 68 273.97 422.37 2,321 15.635 8,237 3,772 4,823 32, 138 6,372 6.018 48.564 24.901 21.072 29.898 117.871 32. 823 159.28 210.61 202. 31 458. 64 619. 90 266. 77 415. 11 1,266 6,941 5,060 1,779 2,356 14, 973 3,201 3,596 28, 469 15,489 12,058 16,537 66, 371 . 19,258 184.04 310. 16 206.11 577.80 601.91 343.27 501. 62 t\ Kj rheraw district * .... g Ninety-six district « GEORGIA. 1 The state 52,886 297,007 461.60 27, 147 149,721 451.52 13, 103 87,122 564.90 o Burke ^ 7,064 221 2,456 1,674 8.S5 193 4,020 1,303 7,162 3,856 24,052 12, 792 5,933 31,414 9,601 76,394 9,118 10,346 9,972 27, 981 69,470 33,986 81.09 2,584.60 1,179.07 473. 54 8.532.09 4,624.35 157. 36 665.31 290. 69 1,701.61 41.30 3,649 125 1,326 963 468 106 2,138 690 3,819 1,971 11,892 6,586 3, 103 15,981 4,904 38,010 4,751 5,091 5.170 13,556 35. ,540 17,029 80.49 2,382.40 1,105.20 409 24 8,021.79 4,382.08 138.12 649.27 254.96 1,703.14 43.20 1,808 81 846 627 225 70 1,027 426 1,894 947 5,152 3,771 1,668 10,910 2.777 21,048 2,833 3,061 2,888 8,904 19, 396 9,866 108. 57 1,959.26 1,189.60 342.90 9,254.67 3,947.14 198.05 577.93 370. 12 1,948.15 91.50 •^ ^i Effingham 11 . 5 FranMin ^ 7 Glyn" R Liberty '^ in Richmond i^ . . n 1'' Wilks i» KENTUCKY. 1 The state 61,133 1,862,309 2,946.32 32,211 948,048 2,843.24 15,154 565,705 3,633.04 •> 6,929 14,626 3,857 5,446 5,035 2,500 5,745 10,032 6,963 159,832 41,930 243,250 642,753 73,882 283,613 26,591 237,517 152,941 2,206.71 186.68 6,206.72 11,702.30 1,367.37 11,244.52 362. 85 2,267.59 2,096.48 3,6S0 7,598 2,098 2,816 2,652 1,365 3,003 5,303 3,696 82,368 21,283 120,984 329,217 37,820 144,316 13,450 121,167 77,443 2, 138. 26 180. 11 5,666.63 11,590.94 1,326.09 10,472.60 347. 89 2,184.88 1,995.32 1,645 3,517 1,057 1,375 1,231 694 1,460 2,508 1,767 45,901 14,337 80,827 192,089 20,087 82,877 8,329 71,472 49,786 2,690.33 307. 65 7,546.83 13,870.11 1,531.76 13,852.36 470. 48 2,749.76 2,717.54 T 4 Jefferson^ 6 7 Mason « . . R q in Woodford^' I Area covered in 1900 by Beaufort and Hampton coimties. ' Area covered in 1900 by Ciiester, Clarendon, Fairfield. Kersliaw, Lancaster, Richland, Sumter, and Yorlc counties, and by part of Florence county. ' Area covered in 1900 by Charleston, Colleton, and Dorchester counties, and by part of Berkeley county. * Area covered in 1900 by Chesterfield, Darlington, and Marlboro counties, and "by part of Florence county. s Area covered in 1900 by Georgetown. Horry, Marion, and Williamsburg counties, and by parts of Florence and Berkeley counties. • Area covered in 1900 by Abbeville, Anderson. Cherokee, Edgefleid, Greenville, Greenwood, Laurens, Newberrj', Oconee, Pickens, Saluda, Spartanburg, and Union counties, and by part of Aiken county. ^ Area covered in 1900 by Bamberg. Barnwell. Lexington, and Orangeburg counties, and by part of Aiken county. 8 Area covered in 1900 by Burke coimty, and by parts of Jefferson and Screven counties. » Area covered in 1900 by Camden and "Charlton counties, and by part of Wayne county, w Area covered in 1900 by Chatham countv, and h\ part of Brvan county. " Area covered in 1900 by Effingham county, and 'by part of S"creven county. "Area covered in 1900 by Franklin. Banks, Jackson, Hart, and Elbert counties, and bv parts of Oconee, Clarke, and Madison counties. "Area covered in 1900 by Glynn county, and by part of Wayne county. » Area covered in 1900 by pai-ts of Greene. Hancock, Oconee, Ogletliorpe. Taliaferro, and Baldwin counties. » Area covered in 1900 by Libertv and Mclntosli counties, and by part of Tattnall county, w Area covered in 1900 by Richmond county, and l.ty part of Jefferson county. " Area covered in 1900 by Washington, Bulloch, Emanuel, and Jolmson counties, and by parts of Baldwin, Bryan, Hancock, Jeflerson, Laurens, Montgomerv, and Tatt- nall counties, • j • , , & j , GENERAL TABLES. IN 1790, COMPARED WITH THAT OF THE SAME AREA IN 1900. WITH PER CENT OF INCREASR-Conti^ued. SOUTH CAROLINA. 221 MALES— continued. nuxuu. = Under 16 years. All ages. 10 years and over. Under 16 jtmn. 1790 lurui Per cent of '"" Increase. t 1790 1900 Per cent of Increase. 1790 1900 Per cent of Increaae. ino 1 1900 Per cent of locTMao. 37,722 119,309 1 216.44 60,880 276,660 313.07 .31,440 102,973 418.36 36,440 ; 113,887 1.083 ! 2,297 7,210 19,201 3,797 9,072 l.Wf.' 8,576 2,H'J 12,011 10,"2 10, -JM 12, .(42 lo,:f.M IH,,821 1" Area covered in 1900 by Wilkes, Columbia, Glascock, Lincoln, McDufflc, and Warren counties, and by parts ol Clarke, Oroene, Uadlson. Oclotliorpe, and Taliaferro counties. w Area covered in 1000 by Bonrlion, Montgomery, Bath, Letcher, rowell, Wolfe, Menifee, and Knott counties, and by parts of Clark, Harrison, Pendleton, Floyd. Nicholas, Estill, liarlan, rerrv, IMke, Morgan, Breathitt, Mai^oiTm, I^ee, and I>eslte counties. » Area covered in 1900 l)v Fayette and Jes,sainine counties, and by yiart of Clark county. "Area covered in 1900 by Shelby. Henry, Oldham. Trimble, and Jefferson ooimtie.s, and by parts of Franklin, Bullitt. Spencer, Carroll, an. I .\n'IiT.<)n roimilfs. "Area covered In l'.KH)b.v Lincoln, Ijogan, l*ul;iski. Christian, Warren. Cumlwrland. .MnhlenlKfrp. Barren, Knox, Wa\nie. (*asev. Llvliu' ' Allen, Whitley. Simpson, Todd, Monroe, 'lYipg, Hickman, Calloway. Graves. McCracken. Laurel. Uussell. t^linton, Crittenden. .Xlarshall. i Webster, and'Carlislecnuntics. and hypartsofGreen, <-larrard. Henderson, .\dair, Clay. ltockc;Lsi!e, Butler. Hart. Edmon.son. Uoyle. T:r. " Area covered iu 1900 by Madison, Owsley, and Jackson counties, and by parts of Garrard, Clay, Kstill, Itockcastle, Perry, Breathitt, L-x-, L«j..-i(;, liurlau, aiid bell counties. »* Area covered in 1900 by Mason, Bracken. FIcminc Greenup. Lewis, Lawrence, Carter, Johnson, Rowan, Boyd, Elliott, Martin, Robertson, and Campbell countlei, and by parts of Floyd. Nicholas, Pike, Morgan, MagolTm. Pendleton, and Harrison counties. "Area covered in 19(X) by Mercer county, and by parts of Franklin, .\ndorson. Garrard, and Boyle counties. "Area covered in 1900 by Nelson. WasninRton, Hardin, Ohio. Ureckinridce, Grayson. Davle.ss. Meade, Hancock, Marlon, and Larue counties, and by parts of Qfeeo, Bullitt. Butler, llart, Snencer. Edmonson, Anderson. McLean. Taylor, Adair, and Henderson counties. " Area covered Iu 1900 by Woodford, Scott, Boone, Grant, Gallatin, Owen, and Kenton counties, and by parts of Harrison, Franklin, CacroU, and Pendleton countiek. 222 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 108.-WHITE AND COLORED POPULATION OF THE AREA COVERED BY THE ENUMERATION STATE OE TEERITORT. POPULATION IN 1790. POPULATION IN 1820. Total. White. Colored. Total. White. Colored. Total. Free.' Slave. Total. Free. Slave. 1 United States 3,929,625 3,172,444 757, 181 69,557 697, 624 2 9,638,453 7, 862, 166 1,771,656 233,634 1,538,022 2 Area enumerated in 1790 3,929,625 1,009,206 3,172,444 767,181 59,667 697, 624 18,293.869 6, 733, 497 1,556,591 214,873 1,341,718 3 New England 992, 384 16,822 13,059 3,763 1,660,071 1,638,652 20,927 20, 782 146 i\ 96, 643 141,899 85,341 378,556 69, 112 237,055 1,017,087 96, 107 141, 112 85,072 373, 187 64,670 232, 236 954,003 536 787 269 5,369 4,442 5,419 63,084 536 630 269 5,369 3,484 2,771 17, 874 298,335 244, 161 235,981 523,287 83,059 275,248 2,772,694 297, 340 243,236 235,063 516,419 79,413 267, 181 2,662,629 929 786 903 6,740 3,602 7,967 107,264 929 786 903 6,740 3,654 7,870 84,899 1 157 7 K 958 2,648 45,210 48 97 22, 365 q 10 Middle States 11 340,241 184, 139 433,611 59,096 1,903,332 314, 366 169,964 423, 373 46,310 1,226,067 25,875 14,185 10,238 12, 786 677,275 4,682 2,762 6,531 3,899 28,624 21,193 11,423 3,707 8,887 648,651 1,372,812 277,575 1,049,458 72,749 3,861,204 1,332,744 267,409 1,017,094 55,282 2,432,316 39,367 20,017 30, 413 17,467 1,428,400 29,279 12,460 30,202 12, 958 109,192 10,088 7,557 211 4,509 1,319,208 12 1.1 14 15 Southern states 16 17 Maryland and District of Columbia. . . Virginia and West Virginia 319,728 747,610 395,005 249,073 82,548 73, 677 35,691 208, 649 442,117 289, 181 140, 178 52,886 61, 133 31,913 111,079 305, 493 105,824 108, 895 29,662 12,544 3,778 8,043 12,866 5,041 1,801 398 114 361 103,036 292, 627 100,783 107,094 29,264 12,430 3,417 M40,389 61,065,366 638,829 502, 741 226,739 564,317 422,823 6 1,344,584 282, 837 603,085 419,200 237, 440 115,183 434, 644 339, 927 1,128,669 157,552 462, 031 219,629 265, 301 111,552 129,491 82,844 215,065 43,778 36,883 14, 712 6,826 1,497 2,759 2,737 18,761 113,774 425, 148 204,917 258,475 110,055 126, 732 80, 107 196, 304 18 19 South Carolina . ?n 21 22 23 Added to area of enumeration since 1790 24 Added to area of enumeration, 1790 to 1820. 6 1,344,584 1, 128, 669 215,065 18,701 196,304 Ohio ?.') 581,434 147, 178 55,211 7,452 1,444 127,901 75,448 153,407 14,273 66,586 114,250 676,572 146,768 63,788 7,295 1.296 85,451 42,176 73,383 12,579 ,55,988 74.. 383 4,723 1,420 1,374 26 148 42,460 33,272 79,540 1,676 10,569 39.867 4,723 1,230 457 26 148 571 468 10, 476 59 347 266 26 190 917 27 28 29 30 41,879 32, 814 69,064 1,617 10,222 39, 601 31 32 ,33 Arkansas .. . .34 .3.5 Georgia (western part) 36 Added to area of enumeration, 1820 to 1850. ,37 38 Iowa 39 Florida 41) Texas 41 New Mexico 42 43 Utah 44 Washington 45 Oregon m 47 Added to area of enumeration, 1850 to 1880. / North Dakota.. . } 49 Nebraska 50 Kansas 61 Montana 52 Idaho 1 63 Wyoming I 54 Colorado 55 Nevada 66 Alaska 67 Added to area of enumeration since 1880. . Indian Territory 5S 59 Oklahoma 60 Hawaii 1 61 Persons stationed abroad 1 ' Reported as " all otherfree persons." ' Includes 4,631 persons reported as " all other persons except Indians not taxed." = Includes only Indians taxed; no Federal enumeration in 1880 of Indians not taxed. * Includes 3,781 persons reported as "all other persons except Indians not taxed." GENERAL TABLES. OF 1790, AND OF THE ADDED AREA IN 1820, 1850, 1880, AND 1900, BY STATES AND TERRITORIER 223 POPULATION IN 1850. ropuL&noK n urn. i-.-Tti.Aii',.-^ I.n I'JUO. — Total. White. Colored. Total. White. Colond. Total. Wblla. Colontd. Total. Free. Slave. Total. Negro. Indian and Mon- golian. Total. Netn. Indian and Mon- golian. 23,191,876 19,553,068 3,638,808 434,495 3,204,313 50,189,209 43,403,400 u, 785,809 0,580,793 •205,016 76,303,387 e6,«»0,788 9.312.VI9 8.840,780 471.810 1 H.569,.;>I4 12,365,444 2,204,14!) 361,570 1,842,. 570 23,925, 6:i9 20,082,783 3,242,856 3,236,661 0,192 33,553,6111 29,564,821 .'•5e,8M 31.045 2 2,728,116 2,705,095 23,021 23,021 4,010,529 3,908,789 41,740 39,925 1,815 5,592,017 5,527,0^6 , b4,Ml | W.OVB 6,803 S 583,169 317,976 314,120 994,514 147,545 370,792 5,990,267 3,097,394 4S9,5'i5 2,311,7S0 ' 91,532 5,851,201 581,813 317,456 313,402 985,450 143,875 363,099 5,843,163 1,356 520 718 9,064 3,670 7,693 147,104 1,356 520 718 9,064 3,670 7,693 144,578 648,936 346,991 332,286 1,783,085 276,531 622,700 10,643,486 646,8.52 346,229 331,218 1,763,782 269,939 610,769 10,425,215 2,084 762 1,068 19,303 6,592 11,931 218,271 1,451 68.5 1,057 18,097 6,488 11,547 216,934 633 77 11 60C 104 384 2,337 8«4,46« 41l,.5H>l 343,641 2,805,346 428,456 908,420 15,639,413 031 136 44 3.608 414 770 17.056 410,791 342,771 2,769,764 419,050 892 424 797 662 K70 826 35,582 , 31,074 0.506 1 9.092 tK dOA IE 40A 4 2,526 15,264,839 374,574 aS«,61g 10 3,048, SI'S 465,509 2,258,160 71,169 3,817,186 49,069 24,046 .53,626 20,.-J63 2,034,015 49,069 23,810 53,626 18,073 193,971 S,0S2,871 1.131,116 4,282,891 146,608 9,271,624 5,016,022 1.092.017 4.197,016 120,160 6,288,779 66,849 39,099 85,875 28,448 2,982,845 66,104 38,8.53 85,535 26,442 2,980,805 1,745 246 340 6 2,040 7,268,894 1,883,609 6,302,115 184,r35 12,322,200 7,156,881 1 112,013 W,2a2 1,812,317 1 71,352 60,844 6.141,664 ; 100,451 156,845 153,977 30,758 , 30,60? 8,772,S5« 3,549,244 {3,541,147 12,78! 1.508 3.606 61 8.007 236 ' "2,'296 1,840,044 12 13 14 U 634,721 1,421,661 869,039 668,507 272,151 982, 405 1 1,002,717 8,622,292 455,884 894,800 553,028 274,563 120,662 761,413 756,836 7,187,624 178,837 526,861 316,011 393,944 1.-. 1,489 2J0,992 245,881 1,434,668 84,782 54, ac! 27,463 8,960 2,000 10,011 6,422 72,925 94.055 472. .528 288,548 384, 9S4 149,489 210,981 239,459 1,361,743 1,112,567 2,131,022 l,»l«,750 995,577 441,1^9 l,MH,rmi 1,542,359 26,263.570 842,699 1,473,395 867,242 391,105 198,328 1,. 377,179 1,138,831 22,720,617 269.868 657, m7 532,508 604,472 24:1,331 271,511 403,528 3,542,9.53 2«),S20 657,. 502 .531,277 604,332 243,21-, 271,451 403,151 3,344,129 42 125 1,231 140 65 60 377 198,824 1,466,762 2,8I2,9^4 1,893,810 1,340,316 640, .538 2,147,174 2,020,616 42,749,7.57 1,143,956 2,10S,0»8 l,2ia,603 5.57,807 297,0rJ7 l,8ii2,.109 1,540,186 37,425,967 322.- 704 630, . 782,5C'J 343,. 531 284,865 480,430 5.323,790 7>_:,x:i 341. 421 2K4,7O0 480,243 4,883,925 IbS 110 1.50 187 430,805 16 17 18 10 30 21 23 23 7,945,146 6,610,891 |1, 334,255 70,009 1,264,246 18,612,142 3,198,062 1.97,S,301 3,077,871 1,6.36,937 1.315,497 1,262,, 505 1,131.597 939,946 802,523 2.108.380 1.100,521 5,685,176 15,841,519 2,770,623 2,755,230 15,393 26,741,195 22,8'^,727 3,88.5,468 |3.863,06.5 22,403 24 1,980,329 988,416 851,470 397,654 305,391 771,623 006,526 517,762 209,897 682,044 634,034 677,146 1,955,050 977,154 846,034 395,071 304,756 426,614 295,718 2.55,491 162,189 592,004 400,910 576,733 25,279 11,262 5,436 2,583 635 345,109 310,808 2r.2,271 47,708 90,040 233,124 100,413 25.279 11,262 5,436 2,583 635 2,265 930 17,462 608 2,618 931 2,916 3.117,9'20 1,9:18,798 3,W1,151 1,614,5«« 1,309.618 662, 185 479.398 4.54,954 .591, .531 2,022,826 618,678 5,015,085 80,142 39,503 46,720 22,377 5,879 600,320 &52, 199 484,992 210,994 145,554 481.943 670,091 79,900 39,228 46,308 15,100 2,702 600,103 650,291 ; 483,6,5.5 2la,(K6 , 14.5,350 481,867 539,386 242 275 3,52 7,277 3,177 217 1,90S 1,337 328 204 76 130,705 4, 157,. 545 2,516,412 4,821,5.'-,0 2.420,9^2 2,0l-,9,042 1,V>,WI7 1,551,270 1,381,625 1,311,564 3,106,6«5 1,575,793 10,572,181 4,0(0,204 2.4.-J4..502 4.7.14,873 1 2,398,.563 2,057,911 1,001,1.52 641,200 729,612 944,580 2,944,843 884,287 9,518,893 97,341 57,960 86,677 22,419 11,131 827,545 910.070 652,013 366,084 161,822 601,506 1,053,288 96,001 67,505 85,078 15,816 2,542 827,307 007,630 650,804 366,856 161,234 601, 3«S 887,808 440 455 1,599 6.603 8.580 238 2,440 1,209 12» 588 114 166,390 2S 36 V 78 79 342,844 309,878 244,809 47,100 87,422 232,193 97,497 30 31 32 33 34 35 38 6,077 192,214 87,445 212,592 61,381 166 '11,380 1,201 12,093 92,597 6,038 191,881 47,203 154,034 61,359 166 11,330 1,049 12,038 91,635 39 333 40,242 58,558 22 39 333 932 397 22 780,773 1,624,615 2li9,493 1,. 591, 749 119,565 40,440 143,963 75,116 ' 174,768 864,694 1,966,252 776,884 1,614.600 142,605 1,197,237 108,721 15,160 142,423 67,199 163.075 767,181 : 1,864,013 3,889 10,015 126,888 394,512 10,844 5,280 1,540 7,917 11,693 97,513 102,239 1,564 9,516 126,600 393,384 1,015 155 232 325 487 6,018 49,513 2,325 499 198 1,128 9,829 5,12.5 1,.308 7,592 11,206 91,495 62,726 1,751,394 2,231,8.53 528,542 3,048,710 195,310 122,931 276,749 518,103 413,536 1,485,053 4,400,770 1,737,036 1 14,358 2,218,667 1 13,186 4,050 12,603 230,730 620,722 1,610 1,848 672 2,514 1,106 11,046 70,651 0,390 403 470 1,319 13,493 28,I8U 3,612 19,285 17,840 71,281 100,075 37 3i 39,310 58,161 297,333 2,426,669 180,207 92,903 272,465 496,304 394,582 1,402,727 1 4,230,044 231,209 622,041 15,103 30,028 4,284 21, nM 18,054 82,326 170,726 39 48 41 42 50 152 5.5 962 24 152 ; 55 962 26 43 44 45 46 47 1 135,177 452,402 996,096 39,159 32,610 20,789 ' 194,327 '62,266 33,426 133,147 449,764 I 9.52, 155 j 35,385 29,013 2,030 2,638 43,941 3,774 3,597 401 2,385 43,107 346 53 298 2,435 488 1,629 253 834 3,428 3,544 1,054 766 8,222 32,9«« 720,716 1,066,300 1,470,495 243,329 161,772 92,531 539,700 42,335 63, sm 1,035,611 ' 602,426 ' 1,056,526 1,416,319 226,283 154,495 89,051 629,046 35,405 30,493 g21,303 28,290 0,774 54,176 17,046 7,277 3,480 10,654 6,030 33,000 214,308 751 6,360 52,003 1,523 203 940 8,570 , 134 168 62,311 27,530 3,505 2,173 15,. 523 6,9)>4 2,540 2,084 6,70A 32,031 151,007 4» t 49 :::::::::::i:::::::::: ' 19,437 1,352 191,126 1 3,201 53,. 556 430 8,710 32,996 S7 aas.oao 3W,33I 1M,001 91. nt 302,680 387,524 ««,8»0 84,300 80,380 30,807 87,111 7,010 36,853 18,831 233 1 6.394 63,527 11,076 86,878 616 a at 80 61 ! ' Aletanclrla county, which In 1820 formed part o( the District of roliimbla. Is hero Included with Virginia for comparative purposes. ' KCrfo?mfh7r?"„';^Tn;«0°ma; i^cmd^ '^"X^^S^t^i SXSU. of Colon«lo and Nevada, but a, th. .«ntor, wa. not r^.ported br n„n„r ..v., divisions, the (acts can not be ascertained. 224 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 109.-FAMILIES, CLASSIFIED BY NUMBER OF MEMBERS, BY COUNTIES: 1790. Total number of families. NUMBER OF MEMBEES. COFNTT. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 H or over. United States 410,636 15,353 31,979 48,116 56,616 57,171 54,052 46,172 36,932 26,687 17,356 20,203 Haine 17,009 1,109 1,115 1,978 2,201 2,223 2,175 1,886 1,531 1,129 784 878 4,218 1,794 5,324 663 5,110 24,065 144 194 541 112 118 814 264 116 329 27 379 1,502 449 234 584 67 644 2,669 636 204 671 62 729 3,282 566 253 614 62 739 3,392 552 196 649 79 699 3,109 477 186 569 41 613 2,855 443 143 449 31 465 2,301 304 119 370 37 299 1,732 224 68 262 21 219 1,131 271 296 206 New Hampshire 1,278 4,796 2,463 5,330 7,398 4,078 14,992 48 270 84 249 163 505 275 163 321 508 235 1,060 662 265 542 850 460 1,734 670 330 671 1,021 590 2,146 677 319 711 1,088 597 2,139 646 274 734 922 533 2,040 605 275 676 842 457 1,781 480 199 567 669 386 1,400 363 145 396 528 300 895 233 101 298 335 164 638 237 122 330 386 203 Vermont 654 1,157 1,997 1,380 1,889 2,794 3,042 2,733 65,779 6 32 104 57 77 176 54 1,393 96 137 95 147 233 172 180 5,754 166 209 176 225 332 303 323 7,990 169 247 199 281 413 423 414 8,999 178 279 204 273 409 414 382 9,224 170 266 185 248 392 382 397 8,709 137 246 131 223 327 387 330 7,490 105 191 136 170 226 320 252 5,971 57 146 63 108 168 180 173 4,380 46 120 43 68 114 138 109 2,791 28 124 44 89 103 147 119 3,078 2,889 4,899 6,541 658 10,883 9,617 7,580 872 5,173 8,038 9,729 11,296 23 27 78 9 362 104 112 27 100 248 303 231 243 327 447 42 1,248 661 757 HI 474 808 736 865 387 499 720 77 1,527 912 991 152 624 1,089 1,012 1,387 402 650 773 78 1,599 1,182 1,062 116 739 1,182 1,216 1,523 407 674 797 66 1,583 1,278 1,108 121 760 1,142 1,289 1,472 340 679 804 75 1,342 1,385 1,014 90 685 1,080 1,215 1,661 351 620 640 63 1,081 1,267 832 81 573 835 1,147 1,221 287 506 493 54 794 1,114 626 67 457 570 1,003 1,028 201 381 318 52 674 795 474 44 337 432 772 810 119 261 210 19 360 506 284 30 214 287 501 510 129 275 Bristol 261 24 413 513 Middlesex 320 33 plvmouth 210 Suffolk 365 Worcester 535 698 567 1,387 2,448 4,016 2,878 40,876 18 11 69 63 70 1,082 64 71 251 294 185 3,268 80 164 313 488 342 4,670 67 185 364 540 367 5,706 74 189 307 532 370 5,790 79 176 335 544 417 5,663 62 164 226 441 328 4,711 44 128 201 363 292 3,748 47 106 151 314 192 2,654 13 80 92 192 133 1,688 19 113 Newport 139 245 182 1,896 Fairfield 6,412 6,582 6,563 3,282 6,012 6,686 2,139 4,200 54,878 116 102 199 72 444 116 18 15 1,123 643 537 431 297 640 525 127 168 3,909 783 763 664 394 807 712 221 326 6,560 998 920 847 490 855 841 278 477 7,945 992 944 957 435 849 812 291 510 8,197 910 948 974 447 738 762 314 570 7,466 733 756 796 366 643 575 283 559 6,330 563 649 667 287 440 457 215 490 4,918 372 441 467 193 286 354 155 386 3,565 202 257 284 148 174 246 112 265 2,233 210 265 287 Middlesex 153 New Haven 136 Tolland 125 New York 2 642 12,317 374 4,276 6,717 546 4,906 6,037 204 2,890 2,548 566 2,858 4,354 2,488 3,797 73,874 199 67 72 47 9 176 176 5 25 143 7 86 47 40 25 2,546 711 42 268 305 50 328 813 35 151 181 61 327 214 192 251 5,807 1,433 60 456 661 67 541 1,023 28 319 301 83 412 427 303 466 8,592 1,793 54 60S 845 81 704 1,022 34 391 369 102 446 607 356 633 9,971 1,819 54 680 955 90 717 908 20 450 395 86 432 716 418 557 10,191 1,758 41 566 875 72 690 679 21 425 368 75 412 602 346 537 9,745 1,497 25 533 819 61 537 516 17 374 301 67 288 536 291 468 8,365 1,166 19 403 714 48 453 376 17 264 211 48 208 426 219 347 6,736 837 9 333 542 26 319 211 11 217 123 24 125 354 146 278 4,857 518 7 210 400 20 214 132 9 129 71 14 67 214 85 143 3,207 586 257 22 New Yorli city and county 182 Ontario 7 14S 85 9 56 211 93 192 3,857 Suffolk Washington 1,844 2,232 5,244 4,180 4,435 3,017 3,248 1,724 2,388 2,528 1,268 6,980 867 119 53 79 145 118 80 112 167 219 59 44 66 3 160 135 493 282 320 210 243 134 156 198 81 426 78 202 282 636 442 467 332 382 201 290 260 136 710 110 256 306 685 539 560 405 491 239 300 315 178 852 138 264 334 760 591 653 418 489 231 318 355 167 851 113 227 272 702 569 646 392 460 200 268 332 158 859 119 196 260 635 492 632 376 348 171 262 301 147 709 107 172 214 463 402 430 295 311 123 218 234 124 537 76 122 166 361 284 349 205 178 86 147 189 108 381 62 70 116 223 184 234 132 136 81 106 121 63 268 35 66 115 237 260 336 172 98 92 105 164 62 332 Bucks Chester Cumberland Dauphin Delaware Franklin Luzerne p GENERAL TABLES. 225 Table 109.-FAMILIES, CLASSIFIED BY NUMBER OF MEMBERS, BY COUNTIES: 179a-ConUnued. Pennsylvania— Continued. Mifflin Montgomery Northampton Nortbuinoerland Philadelphia... Washington Westmoreland . York Maryland . Allegany ' .\nn- Arundel Baltimore Baltimore town and precincts. Calvert ' Caroline CecU Charles Dorchester. Frederick.. Harford Kent Montgomery... Prince Georges. Queen Anns . . . St. Marys... Somersett i.. Talbot Washington. Worcester. . . North Carolina. Edenton district Fayette district Halifax district UiUsborough district . Morgan district Newbern district Salisbury district Wilmington district. South Carolina. Beaufort district Camden district Charleston district Cheraw district Georgetown district... Ninetj-six district Orangeburgh district. Total number or bmllles. 1,2S9 3,803 4,091 2,946 9,504 3,944 2,813 6,559 33,294 2,122 3,497 1,727 1,352 1,906 2,029 654 4,377 2,039 1.299 2,077 1,820 1,579 1,527 1,425 2,445 1,419 48,701 6,829 5,403 7,033 3,721 5,120 7,596 9,977 3,022 25,872 962 5,074 3,709 1,344 1,837 10, 578 2,368 NUHDCB or KXMBBBS. 41 143 40 127 429 44 83 376 1,687 116 105 50 61 188 216 43 118 127 69 102 82 100 55 149 52 3,519 529 630 212 117 634 472 163 1,344 107 177 509 45 135 283 88 268 344 217 927 206 246 605 2,696 176 253 182 108 157 182 60 167 132 197 153 122 lis 134 378 522 324 1,333 405 346 700 3,890 200 394 251 117 201 72 561 451 507 252 373 652 681 277 2,249 113 338 562 110 191 739 196 158 232 236 93 419 258 160 245 230 175 206 151 274 148 5,483 840 612 749 359 946 1,003 376 3,163 135 527 583 159 243 166 465 567 382 1,343 554 380 852 4,619 142 480 573 1,317 616 367 4,588 305 501 288 214 239 263 90 543 279 184 272 265 211 225 213 277 250 6,482 9«3 725 831 432 677 1,108 1,285 461 3,741 153 701 609 207 288 1,427 356 274 442 259 219 228 252 109 582 256 191 264 246 239 218 232 342 235 982 680 933 465 667 1,031 1,270 463 3.464 428 184 278 ,423 345 182 667 537 378 1,162 582 372 861 4,204 233 464 184 174 244 244 229 ins 259 232 221 188 280 245 6.083 843 628 441 644 9C5 1,275 392 3,307 HI 768 346 183 217 ,357 325 166 458 904 483 811 734 3,640 134 378 390 323 659 I9« 277 590 3,837 228 388 1S3 122 196 207 66 513 244 137 222 186 179 179 173 273 167 S,162 634 577 748 431 555 774 1,154 2,731 620 245 142 188 1,198 259 154 309 109 121 144 173 45 439 1S6 162 136 114 253 123 4.328 S03 463 647 492 eos 992 229 2.146 43 489 172 107 118 1,022 195 105 376 355 315 491 303 194 401 1,953 too 72 75 104 109 38 323 113 65 131 120 86 8t 75 145 3,134 327 334 438 295 412 396 776 156 40 339 102 86 91 807 124 W 80 170 196 U3 sao 170 130 371 1,320 68 1S4 61 to 80 61 15 246 80 43 109 66 67 46 122 26 217 1B3 306 206 369 225 521 101 24 211 61 «« 46 519 83 Uc 61 230 219 13* 619 lat 98 2» 1,M6 221 214 119 80 94 87 23 336 107 71 120 78 53 49 61 129 3S 2.229 197 213 347 233 316 260 548 115 20 236 92 65 42 606 79 > Schedules destroyed. 226 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 110 -FOREIGN BORN POPULATION OF CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES, AND OF THE AREA COVERED BY lABLE no. ru ^^^ ENUMERATION OF 1790, BY COUNTRY OF BIRTH: 1850 TO 1900. ■ CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES. ABEA COVEEED BY THE ENUMERATION OF 1790. COUNTRY OF BIRTH. 1900 1890 < 1880 1870 1860 1850 1900 1890' 1880 1870 1860 1860 All foreign countries — nO,356,M4 9,249,547 6,679,943 5,567,229 > 4,138,697 3 2,244,602 5,022,989 4,153,155 3,065,088 2,765,197 '2,264,121 3 1,466,806 North America 1,314,152 1,083,239 802,664 547,770 285,022 166,941 672,492 505,999 356,521 261,235 137,487 104,092 . fEnelish* 785,958 395,297 107,311 25,586 8,884,846 678, 442 302,496 79,045 23,256 8,020,608 \ 717,157 69,106 16,401 5,744,311 493,464 42,736 11,570 4,936,618 249,970 27,699 7,353 3,805,701 147,711 13,458 5,772 « 2,031,867 I 352,510 \ 305,963 3,040 10,979 4,310,037 267,021 229,662 1,325 7,991 3,623,023 } 348,117 812 7,592 2,686,125 254,727 505 6,003 2,495,974 132,866 394 4,227 2,120,729 100,338 canadaii^s, :::::. Mexico and Central Amer- 359 3,395 « 1,333,156 Cubaand West Indies^ .. Europe United Kingdom 2,788,304 3,122,911 2,772,169 2,626,241 2,199,079 1,340,812 1,799,596 1,961,182 1,742,284 1,707,038 1,491,960 1,024,214 1,618,567 842,078 233,977 93,682 2,670,031 1,064,309 1,871,509 909,092 242,231 100,079 2,787,776 933,249 1,854,571 664,160 170,136 83,302 1,979,578 440,262 1,855,827 565,046 140,835 74,533 1,696,335 241,685 1,611,304 433,494 108,518 45,763 1,276,075 72,582 961,719 278,675 70,550 29,868 583,774 18,075 1,162,931 458,537 127,989 50,139 987,160 180,409 1,307,005 472,695 127,670 53,812 1,016,013 122,165 1,278,184 334,760 87,237 42,103 730,020 41,601 1,300,187 292, 139 74,. 345 40,367 664,128 16,712 1,171,279 234,759 61,515 24,407 540,208 6,616 779,547 England (including Great Britain, not 179,079 47,767 Wales 17,821 German Empire ' Scandinavian comitries. . . 270,433 2,956 573,040 336,985 154,284 579,042 478,041 322,665 132,543 303,812 194,337 181,729 64,196 135,550 97,332 114,246 30,107 74,534 18,625 43,995 9,962 25,061 3,559 12,678 1,838 946 135,719 22,472 22,218 309,910 89,540 16,726 15,899 126,147 30,106 4,095 7,400 29,970 11,134 1,836 3,742 12,762 3,357 1,011 2,248 4,569 1,427 686 943 Austria-Hungary 354 276,249 156,991 145,802 484,207 480,907 154,424 150,232 58,503 20,351 115,851 105,049 104,341 37,690 123,271 118,106 62,435 182,580 182,644 147,440 1W,069 81,828 113,174 22,181 38,603 85,361 11,526 5 44,535 35,722 48,557 88,621 58,090 106,971 13,426 30,508 40,289 3,737 8 17,212 4,644 14,436 75,153 46,802 116,402 8,383 « 25,061 i» 11,677 3,IfiO 7,298 53,327 28,281 109,870 8,360 8 946 i» 3,679 1,414 ("1 13,358 9,848 54,069 4,387 I 175,588 { 25,411 I 108,911 362,768 309,270 r 3!), 288 1 39,492 1 114,001 I 10,855 34,910 22,264 45,710 19,968 64,131 14,028 46,988 124,602 99,527 59,497 28,807 18,240 44,701 7,488 11,415 12,075 6,480 •25,116 7,953 18,967 25,582 15,534 40,066 4,484 7,329 4,088 1,345 9 6,896 2,315 6,230 19,993 12,001 41,763 3,096 4,569 (•) 354 m Italy 10 4,608 1,598 3,359 14,389 8,651 39,325 3,392 » 1,823 Russia (including Fin- land) 973 Russian (") Not specified Switzer and 3,938 4,014 France '. 21,834 Spain and Portugal 1,818 Portugal-.. 30,618 7,072 29,804 9,933 8,564 17,304 120,862 15,996 6,185 22,639 1,839 1.S87 12,579 113,383 8,138 »5,288 15,535 1,205 77P 3,314 107,630 4,542 "3,841 12,553 302 390 1,546 64,565 4,116 4,244 9,072 128 328 1,403 36,796 1,274 3,113 1,313 106 86 (13) 1,135 17,337 2,631 8,617 6,932 4,892 13,995 24,700 4,804 2,684 6,093 1,183 747 7,631 9,965 2,208 12 2,276 2,693 526 251 1,078 3,473 1,493 "1,603 1,966 197 147 730 1,258 1,990 1,402 1,416 92 111 435 725 861 957 712 47 Greece.. 40 Europe, not specified Asia (13) 261 China 81,827 25,077 2,050 11,908 8,900 106,688 2,292 2,143 2,260 9,353 104,468 401 1,707 1,054 6,859 63,042 73 586 864 4,028 35,. 565 1,231 2,140 758 377 588 15,546 ( 683 { 937 I 7,534 2,397 7,303 437 1,040 1,185 2,425 2,078 145 992 258 1,739 419 34 354 451 861 175 57 India Asia, not specified .550 437 204 196 Sandwich Islands (Ha- waii) 1,304 8,049 5,006 2,207 10,218 5,533 1,147 5,712 4,566 2,204 7,641 4,068 584 3,444 3,565 2,657 5,388 2,638 435 1,705 3,263 526 »5,249 588 (13) 1,543 551 »41,977 202 2,223 2,123 1,024 6,767 1,829 397 1,342 1,764 818 3,027 1,621 135 726 1,081 1,007 2,796 985 199 238 798 315 » 3,630 196 All other" 8,900 4,761 2,552 12,342 8,229 2,397 2,274 1,306 6,919 2,864 m 546 Africa 311 All other countries, and un- » 28, 245 • Exclusive of Indian Territory and Indian reservations. 3 Including (15,368) persons stationed abroad, in the military or naval service of the United States. • Corrected total, as given in Ninth Census Report on Population, Table iv. < Includes Newfoundland. ' I'orto Rico included from 1,S.50 to 1890. • Total for specified countries only. ' Lu-^cniburg Included from l.S7(i'to 1900, because probably reported as a Cterman state in 1S50 and 1860. « Reported as Austria; but Hungary did not have a separate government until 1867, and Bohemia not until later. » Including Malta, which was reported separately in 1870 and 1880. " Including Sardinia, which was reported separately in 1850 and 1860. u .Mot reported separately; either divided between Russia, Germany, and Austria, or included in "all other countries." " Including Gibraltar, which was reported separately in 1870 and 1880. 13 Included in "all other countries." u I'hilippine Islands, Guam, and Samoa included from 1860 to 1890. >' Balance required to produce corrected totals given in Nmth Census Report on Population, Table iv. GENERAL T.VBLES. 227 Table lll.-NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS BY STATES AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS; 1790. Aaron, Ahron, Aran, Aron, Arons Abbe, Abba, Abbay, Abbee, Abbev, Abby, Aby Abbot, Abl)ert, Abbet, Abbett, Abbit, Abbitt, Abbott, Abet, Ablt, Abitta, Allot, Abii'lV Abell, Abbell,Abeal,Abeel,Aliel, Abels, Alile A'wmatby, Abanatha, Abbinalha, Abenatha, Abennathy, Abematha, Abernathey, Abernelbie Abinathy, Ebenathy ' Abrams, Abraham, Abrahams. Abraim, Abranue Acker, Acre, Acres, Aiker, .\ker, Akers, Akus ',','.".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.. Ackerman, Ackman, .\oreman, .\kemon, ,\kerman, Akkermao "!!!!!!!!!!! Ackerson, Acason, Ackuson, Akerson ',[',','.. Ackley,.\cerly,Acheley, Acherly, Achley, Ackcrly, Ackly, .\cley, Akeley, Akely......"!!!.!!.! Adair, Adear Adams, Adam, Adamcs, Addam, Addams, Adenis, Adorn Addison, .\dderson, Addlsson, AdersoD, Adison, Atterson, Attison AKnew, Agner, Alchnor, .\igner Alnsworth, .^inesworth. Anesworth, Answorlh, .\ynesworth, Aynswortb Akin, Aiken, Alkens, Aikln, Aikins, Aking, Akins Albaugh, Ailabaueh. Alabagh, Albo, Albough, Alebough, Allebough, Alllbou^, Alsbsugh, Alsbaiih, .\ulabaiigh Albe, Albee. .Vltey, .\lble. Albree, Alby. AUbee Albert. Allierd, Albiirt, Alleburt, Allebut Albert-ion, Altwrson , Albright. Albrijht. Alhrite, Allbright, Allbrite, AUrigbt, Alprighl Albro. Alboro. Alhorrow, Alsbro Alcock, .\lcockp. .\licock, Allcock, AUscock Alden, Aldln. Allden Alderman. .Vldeman Aldrtch. Alderidge, Aldrideh, Aldridg, Aldridge, Aldrige, Aldrish, Aledridge, Alridge, Altridge, Auldridge Alexander, Alexandor. .\lexandr>', Alixander, Alixandrew, Alleckrander, Allexander, Eleck- andrew. Elexander, Elixander AKord . A 11 ford Alger. .Mgier. Algire. .\lgniar, Alguire, Algur, Aulgur Allard. Alhurd. Allod. Allord Allen, Alan. Alean, Alen, Aient, Alin, .\llan, Alland, AUein, Allien, Allin, Alllne, Alliu, Alloc, AUyn, Allyne Alley, Ally. Ailing, .\alin Allis. .\lice. .Mies. Allice Allison. Aieson. .^ILsen, Alison. Allason. Alleson, .\lleston. Allisen, Allisson, Alliston Allman, Aldman, Allmand, AUmond, Alman, Almon, Almond Almev, A Imy Aired. Aldrod. AUrcd Alsobrook, Allbrooks, Allsobrook, Alsbrook Alsop, A l.siip Alston, Allston, AUstone Alvord , .\ I vanl. Alvcrd Aman, Aniandt, Amend. Ament, Ammon, .Ymmond, Ammonds, Ammons, Amond, AmoDS, Ar- man, Arniant. Arment. Arraon, Arraond, .\nnount Amason, Amazeen, Amcrson, Ameson, Araoson Ambler, Ambly Ambrose. Ambros, Ambrous, Ambiow, Ambrus, Ambnise Ames, Aamcs, Aims • - Amroidown, Amadown, Amedown, Amesdown, Amidown, Ammedoun, Ammedown, Amml- don, Ammidoun Amos, Amas, Amies, Amis, Amoss, Amiis, Amyst Amsbiirj-, .\ Imsbury , Amcsbury , Amsberry, Armbcrry , Armsberry, Annsbury Amsden, A rmden Anders. Andes, Andis Anderson, A ndersen, Andersons, Andresen, Andrson Andrews, Andre, Andrces, Andrew, Andrw, Andrws Andrus. Andras, Andres, Andress, Andries, Andris, .\ndros, Androse, Androsa, Andruss Angel, .Vngell. .\ngill. .\ngle Annis. .Vnnas. Annes. .\nnies, Anors Anthonv, .\nthoney. .o Ashcralt , Ashcrolt Ashlev, .\shly Ash ton Askew, Askuc, Askyou, Asc^ue Askins, -\skon. Askens, Askm, Askrin -,;•-• — ••■.:,- • ; * ' ■.* '«-ii Aspinwall. Arspinwell, Aspanell, Aspenvall, Aspenwall, AspenweU, AspenwiU, AspinweU Astin, Asten. .\stins. Aston, Astons - ■■ • • • • - i',»WJ^,;' Vt/.'hiniAn' Atchison. Acheson, Achison, Aitchason, Altcheson, Atchason, Atcherson, Atcheaon. Atchlnson, Aychlnson Atherton, A therten, Autherton ■ - • ,• • • ; Atkerson. .\dkerson. Adk.-tton. Atcason, Atkertson. Atkeson, AtkUon Atkins. .Vdkin. .\dkins. Aitken, Aitkens, Aitkin, Atkens. Atkin. Altkia. Atkinson, Adidnson, Aitkinson, Atkenson Attwater, Atwater 5.3 6.2 S.7 S.3 8.1 5.4 5.9 5.8 5.3 6.S 9.7 5.8 S.I «.0 6.7 5.3 5.8 54 5.6 5.3 4.5 6.0 5 8.0 5.8 57 58 6.3 6.1 6.6 5.7 4.8 1 5.3 &0 5.5 5.2 6.6 6.5 5.9 5.7 5.0 6.1 6.0 4.8 5 2 4.8 5.6 5.9 6.5 5.3 57 5.6 5.5 6.6 5.3 5.9 6.8 6.5 5.4 &3 6.5 5.8 5.3 6.5 6.2 6.8 6.4 5.9 4.7 5.5 5.1 5.5 6.4 7.1 6.1 5.3 5.3 5.5 6.3 5.8 S.0 ai S. II 5.0 6.4 19 59 380 99 38 75 65 42 24 87 19 1,246 28 24 35 132 22 42 40 61 68 28 34 81 23 231 408 SO S9 16 ,563 48 47 33 17,5 40 29 17 18 18 33 41 46 27 28 28 156 29 45 19 21 20 726 593 147 106 31 129 36 36 106 29 24 37 18 30 311 483 25 41 52 65 33 17 115 S3 44 37 18 36 36 51 26 22.') 142 74 82 308 1,799 426 195 331 319 201 103 426 106 5,712 116 119 163 668 ice 186 185 221 201 139 136 405 110 ,092 266 300 90 7,331 184 200 165 787 168 161 94 89 85 133 206 229 103 117 107 722 141 248 82 91 ,262 ,711 631 516 150 576 157 189 481 139 102 166 93 175 .387 ,381 92 186 214 294 177 103 SS4 227 190 167 95 174 HKUM or riimnEa. 180 359 118 '... ,036 , 7 W9 8 322 .... 24 10 21 22 57 83 17 ...10 1 16 4 I 25 34 104 .. M) 50 . 5 1 '.... 32 .... 166 10 30 3 6 1 2 3 ; S 61 167 I 68 64 69 i 25 6 ; 8 6 2 1 1 23 20 12 3 10 10 7 4 3 10 12 21 > 13 1 I..., 16 13 33 |1I8 9 14 9 26 10 IS II 4 1 8 6 49 33 23 I 39 ,...1 1 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. 228 „,Tn,TT M »MT.Q T^FPRFSENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES T.B..XU.-NOMENCLATURE^DE^.UNG^W^^^^^^ Atwell, Attwell, Atwall, AtwiU ■■.■■.'.'".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.".'-' Atwood, Adwood, Attwood . • ■ • • ■ i;ifd"Al>nun'lw: A?r^r/.rii.^e"iTlt,;AityAlt.;-A^^^ Awl, Awld, AwU. i^ritt \™"'t.lve^tt, AveretfAverett, Averit, Averite, Avert. A vret ir/rr tlrTM^f^xie: -AireV, Aiis,- Ayer/Ayere,- A^i Ayres; Ayi^VEyers, Eyre, Eyres, Eyrs. Aylswo'rth, Aihvorth, Aylesworth labbettM^ bS; BabWtt; Babet. Babit^ ^^ Bahcock. Baheok. Babecock bS-^T BaS'?' B'lccuV.Bacbus: Backeus, Backhause,- Backhouse,- Backhus, Backis, Backuss, Bnrkus. Beckas, Beck-us, Boccus Bacon, Bacom. Bacorn, Bakon, Bakoon y.W.'.WV.'.'.'.V.'.'.'.'. Badcock -. Badger, Bad"or, Badjo..... Baee. Bas. Bar?e, Baess. Bags Baeeet, Bascrtt, Bapgot, Baggott Bagley, BacBeslT. Bagly. Bagsley, Begley ;;;; ^t: l^^^'^a^l'^: ISS.^ne,^S^,Bains;Ban^-Bines;Bayan, Bayhan. Bayne, BS?a,Tayard,BayerdVBiardVByard, Byart, Byord :::::::::::;:::::::.: Baker ..\..\..\\[.l....... Balcom,'Balcam,"iBalcoinb; Bkicome; BklkW, BolcVmVBolcom llldwS Mdl^'Sn^laldon; Baidwinei Baidwing;Balwin;^ wine, Bawldcn, Bawldin, Boldwin Ball.Bal. Baul • Bancroft. Bancraft. Bangs. Bang, Bange. Banges Banister. Bannester. Bannister Binker Bancker. Baneker, Bankard. Bankart ........ Bank"'Bancke, Banckes, Bancks, Bank, Bankes, Benckes, Benkes. Bartier. Barbar, Barbour Barden.Tardeen'. Bard'in.' Bardine, Barding, Bardon Bard well, Boardwell. Bodwell. Bordwell Barfield, Barefleld. Bearfield. Bierfield Barham, Barrom, Berham, Borham BarkW; BarckreyV Barclay,' Barcley I Barciy, BaVkeYay.'Barklay, Berckley, Berkeley, Berkley, Berki V, Burkley ; ■ v; ■ •; " ' j ',' " "V," Z ' j'li Barksdale. Backsdale, BarkdoU, Barkesdale, BarksdiU Blmwd'^Barnerd ' BafnerrtsV Barnhard,' Banihart; Barnheart; Barnird; Bearnhart, Bernard, Berner'd. Bernhard, Bornhart, Bernherd, Bhenard, Bonord, Burnard Barnes, Barn, Barne, Barns - - . - . - • . ■ • ■ Barnett Barnet, Barnit, Barnits. Barnitt, Barnot, Barnutt, Bornet Barney.' Baney, Barny, Boney. Bonney, Bonny. Bony Bamhill, Barnald, Barnell. Bamhil. Bamihill Barnnm, Barnam. Barnham. Bamon Barr, Bahs. Bar. Barre. Barrs. Bars Barrack Barhick, Barick. Barrick, Barwick, Berwick Barrel!. Barhyel, Barral. Barrel, Barrels, BarroUs, Byrel . .................................. ..•• Barrett. Barett, Barott, Barrat. Barret, Barretts, Barrit, Barritt, Barrot, Barrett, Berret, Bemt Barron,' Baron. Barons. Barren, Barrens Barrows, Barrer. Barrow Barry. Barrey, Bary. Bearey Bartholomew, Bartelmey, Barthoiemew, Barthoiemy, Bartholmew, Barthoiume;v, Bathlemey , Battlemc Bartle. Bartall, Bartel, Bartell Bartlett, Bartlet, Bartletts, Bartlit, Bartlot Bartley, Bartly - Barton, Barten, Bartin, Bartine, Borton Bartow, Barto, Bertow. Burtow Bartram, Bartrom, Bartron, Bartrum Bascom, Bascomb, Bascrnn Basford, Bashford Bass, Basse ■ Bassett, Basett, Basset, Bassitt ,Bassot,Besset Batchelder Bachelder, Bacheldor, Bachelelder, Bacheler, Bacheller, Bachellor, Bachelor, Bach- lor Baecfiellor, Batchador, Batchedor, Batcheldon, Batcheldor, Batcheller, Batchellor, Batch- elo'r, Batchler,'Batchoder Bateman, Batemen, Batesman, Batman, Battman Bates, Baits, Bate, Bavtes, Beates, Beats Batten, Batan, Baton, Battan, Battin, Batton Battle, Battels, Battles Batts, Bats, Batt, Batle, Batz Bangh, Beangh, Bough, Bow, Bowe, Bowes, Bows Baum, Bawhain, Bawni Baxter, Backsster, Backster, Barkster, Baxto, Baxtor, Beckster, Beckstor, Bexter Bay, Bayes, Bays, Bey 5.0 5.4 4.5 5.3 5.8 6.4 5.2 6.8 5.5 6.5 5.6 5.3 6.0 6-5 6.2 5.6 6.2 5.7 6.3 5.6 5.5 5.4 6.9 5.S 5.3 5.6 5.9 6.3 5.5 6.3 5.9 5 8 5.5 4.7 6.0 6.7 5.5 6.8 6.0 5.3 5.9 6.2 6.2 7.0 6.4 6.7 5.6 6.0 4.6 6.0 HEADS OF FAMILIES. 6.8 5.7 5.3 £.7 6.0 6.0 6.7 6.4 6.0 5.6 5.4 5.9 5,4 5-5 37 201 30 54 370 63 22 2C0 260 27 53 49 196 19 63 235 63 74 37 20 76 21 881 63 72 70 1,157 46 41 27 446 303 168 36 80 69 45 30 27 142 336 38 38 43 38 16 418 76 29 113 251 700 207 153 24 83 111 45 21 269 69 138 48 21 5.9 5.4 5.7 6.5 5.8 5.5 6.4 6.8 7.3 5.3 5.8 5,6 5.9 5,4 6,7 5,8 5.9 5.8 6.8 5,4 6,1 95 25 422 24 190 21 19 20 15 149 196 149 877 104 230 1,792 287 92 1,248 1,117 149 245 210 976 104 328 1,093 326 349 195 91 344 93 4,225 256 310 324 6,641 242 186 143 2,177 1,407 764 131 402 339 201 174 136 608 1.6.38 198 161 260 207 91 1,921 382 104 561 1.195 3,258 888 726 95 419 624 199 104 1,236 303 674 212 94 464 111 1,981 107 908 94 102 115 95 6,36 940 3 , 27 12 11 26 19 65 49 1 76 28 38 1 236 72 384 41 49 28 59 25 151 18 1,075 3.50 1.703 192 233 138 285 144 668 92 28 58 20 65 40 2 6 40 30 14 2 3 37 3 16 34 25 33 14 9 7 68 168 5 10 22 32 16 16 99 34 55 11 16 14 33 9 10 1 15 2 30 6 I 1 .... 2 16 26 1 1 1 2 6 20 14 -4 13 17 20 I 10 4 1 4 4 2 3 1 2 38 4 38 4 15 12 2 e 12 5 10 3 3 21 29 1 S 4 4 1 9 10 3 2 1 4 1 19 4 1 17 3 GENKIIAL TABLES. 229 Table m.-NOMENCLATIRE. DEALING WITH NAMES UEPKESEXTED IJY AT LEAST lOO WHITE PERSONS HY STATES AND TntRITOUIES, AT TIIK !l"-l' • 'vc . ,- .:. . . 1 o 5 -a < TWTAU mtAOS or rAMiuu 3 i NAME. J 1 o 1 a 1 1 183 832 126 115 1,296 281 104 1,163 878 868 1 531 202 381 86 723 4(» 307 196 522 543 , 103 148 538 721 276 .?73 172 98 .370 363 369 512 309 2.489 87 272 281 191 153 342 188 864 188 461 318 3.329 849 l.W fiOO 638 4fi7 170 1,747 82 91 129 241 88 .148 191 90 87 184 367 175 inc. 1 209 1 155 410 174 1,342 1 313 S7S 1 t § ts 1 § l: 1 1 a s 11 1 1 12 i, 1 f: i it z 7 30 1 t a £ 5 9 1 23 18 38 11 53 129 33 1 a 4 1 4 '»' 3 9 33 19 28 1 A C 1 > 10 8 11 3 22 9 10 8 8 a \ i Baylis, Bailcs Balless, Bailies, Bailis, Baleas, Balis. Baylcs, Bayloss. Baylies, Bayllss i7 8.7 5 2 £ 4 S.S 8.8 8 2 8.8 8.7 8.8 8.7 6.1 8.1 8.8 6.0 8.8 8.3 6.6 8.4 S.9 6.2 6 7 5 5.3 5.4 6.2 5.8 8.7 6.2 8.0 5.8 8.7 5« 5.6 5.0 5.3 6.6 5.9 5.5 5.9 5.1 8.4 5,7 5.8 6.0 5.7 6.1 5.9 5.5 5.7 5.7 n.3 5 7 39 176 30 ■a 58 2.5 241 INK 113 40 9:1 19 145 85 72 3.S 118 110 20 26 117 1G6 63 111 38 21 71 01 77 ins 63 540 22 64 50 39 .34 74 46 197 40 102 64 7.3 ir,7 32 1.32 1311 100 32 372 20 19 27 62 14 126 3t. 25 15 39 89 34 10 1 '« 31 3i; ! ^ 306 66 1 127 8 8 1 1 Beach, Becho, Beech "^ ' 15 Beachain , Bcachum Beachump, Bccham, Beechem, Boechum I BraktT, Heeker - Beall, B(';il, Berlin Bealcs, Boals, Brol, Bcele Beels, Biehle, Bicll 21 a 6 1 8 4 2 3 7 8 U 7 3| * Beam, Beams. Hi'cm, Bc«.'ms, Itfham, Belun Beamer, B«'*'inar, lit-emer, Ht-hnur, Itcinnier, Bejiner **** 2 Bean, Bcanc, Beanes, Beans, Bi-en, Bet-ne, Bchn, Beno, Bien 41 .... 77 1 8 2 3 2 6 7 3 33 * "*■ 14 4 Bear, Bachr, Baer, Bahre, Baier, Bair, Bairs, Bare, Bayer, Bayers, Beahr, Beair, Beare, Bean.. Beard, Beards Beardsle<% Bardsley, Beadsley, Brardley, Beardly, Beardsley, Bearflsly, Beanley, Bi^rdslra.. .... 14 11 »4 7 3 4 26 2S . 1 Bearse, Beart-e, Bierce, Birse, Burse 3 2 28 .... 3 8 1 Beasley, Beasly, Beassly, Beazeiey, Beazley, Beaily, Btesoly, Becsley, Bwisly, Beerley, Besley, Bezley, Biselv, Bisiey S 24 1 37 ! IS 14 1 19 11 16 3 9 I Beason, Bcasorii , Be^-som .... ... 4 2 .... .... Bcaty, Baety, Baettey, Baitey, Baity, Batey, Battey, Batty, Baty, Beatey, Beatio, Bcatte, Beattey, Bcatty I 2 ... 12 22 28 8 «2 20 9 32 37 27 2 6 1 2 2 10 1 12 5 8 4 11 8 32 3 1 2 1 10 1 2 16 3 13 S Beaver, Beaverd, Beavers, Beavert, Beavor, Beavours, Becver, Bevar, Bever, Bevcrs, Bevier, Biever Bcavin, Bcavan, Beavans, Beaven, Beavens, Bravins, Becvans, Bovan, Bevuns, Beven, Beveos, Bovin, Bevins, Bevvins, Bivans, Biven. Bivins .... I 4 6 ErchUl. BachU-1, Bechtell, Bechtle, Bechtold, Becktill, Becktle, Bishtcl " 1 ' 1 4 15 3 1 i' 3 S 7 1 3 63 2 « Becker, Bacher, Backer, Becher, Beckers, Beker 1 Beckett, Becket, Beckit .... 1 2 6 4 1 7 11 2 1 14 2 15 1 2 72 94 57 3 II 34 2 49 34 1 8 6 5 9 16 64 23 8 4 Beebe, Beba, Bcbbe, Bcbbee, Bebe, Bebee, Beeba, Beebeo, Becby, Beyby 1 . .. Beedio, Badellc, Boadle, lioadles, Bealle, Bedale, Beddie, Bedel, Bedell, Bedio, Becdel, Beedles, Be*'!*'!, Beetlo, Bctle, Bettle 6 S 1 2 t 12 , Beekman Bnckman 2 X Beeler, Bealer, Bealor, Bchlcr, Belter, Belch, Beler, Belor, Bieler, Birller, Bielor ' *' 1 9 69 12 17 6 2 •j- 2 6 Beeman, Beaman, Beamen, Beamon, Beamons, BebniaD, Beman, Benion 7 1 7 1 "\3 8 9 2 17 4 33 22 19 28 1 .... 1 1 14 .... 1 1 .... 1 1 10 9 19 IS 1 4 Beldin>: Beldcn Beldin Beldon Building Bell 96 2 3 4 6 1 1 1 30 76 8 18 148 : M 1 1 4 Bollincor, Balanger, Balinger, Ballanger, Ballenger, Ballingeer, BalUnger, BecUfoger, Belcnjer, 8 14 8 fi 1 18 3 7 1 .... 1 1 11 48 2 6 1 21 2 "i' 2 60 6 40 7 143 32 I 39 9 39 10 32 1 1 8 13 i i 37 8 I .... 2 1 10 2 8 113 30 27 1 2 .... 17 4 79 40 25 7 12 4 4 7 38 77 3 "\3 1 37 12 33 1 1 1 8 1 1 BeuniT Bena lli^nard Benear Bener Benna Bennar, Bennerd, Benners, Benno, Brnnor, Benor. 7 22 9 .... 1 1 1 Benmt! Banm-t, Bannett, Beuat, Benet, Benett, Benit, Bennalt, Bennett, Bennlt, Bennitt, 38 8 2 "3 36 7 "Y 10 41 2 .03 7 1 33' 48 22 ; 3 2 .... 8 1 18 2 ii' 64 32 20 14 1 '.... I 18 8 48 1 IS ; 1 37 s 6 36 8 9 1 Berrlnper, Barineer. Barrlger, Barrincer, Bearlnper, Beringar, Beringef. Berrlger, BirrlngGr 1 46 39 2 48 4 9 40 44 1 « 39 5. 1 5.8 5.8 4.9 7.3 5.3 6.3 4.6 fi.8 5.7 5.1 6.1 r. f. 1 5.3 ClO 2 \ 13 3 9 6 14 Best ' 7 13 30 S Hester, Besto, Bestor, Bestow 1 1 "i 8 I 3\ 4 1.... '32' 6 3 '24' 2 1 1 14 1 18 11 1 8 IS ; » 1 I..'. "V 4 3 "i 1 2 3 2 2 e 4 .... 1 1 20 3 1 16 14 « 1 1 6 s 49 1 1 2 I 6 .... BIcknall.' Bechnal, Beclinail, Bcckiial. Becknall. Bockncll. Blcknal, Bickiwl, Blcknell Bidlnman, Bedelinan, Beidelman, Beldeman, Beitenman, Beydornian, Bidelman, Bidcmiui, .... **** "'"" .... I 2 .... 43 I 4 Bidw.ll, Bidwel. Birdwell • Blirlv, Bov.rlv, Blorley. Blrolv, Byerley. Byprly, Byorly, Byrely Biselow, BiealW, Bicgalow, Blggelow, Biggilow, Biglow Blcgs, liig, Biree, Bigs Bigham, Bigain, Biggam, Bigr>ra, Biggcm, Bi chains io' 2 2 6 3 1 9 28 68 1 26 2 9 8 1 IS 11 1 "'"1 . . 3 2 1 17" S 3 i-> 1 2 Bigsliy, Blglx>a, Bigbie, Bigsbee, BIgsbey, Bigsbie 7 3 ....!.... 7 3 8 9 3 52 I Bill Bills 5 4 14 ••j-l 1 .... Billings, Billing, Billins In 1 Billups, Biliips, Billop, Blllops Bingham , Bi ngam Bird, Hiird, Byrd •j- 17 1 12 1 ' rr. ' 1 ' in , s , t ,1: ' K. 20 r, IJ! I 28 Birdsall. Blrdscll •.•■-,;••.: Bisliro, BcslK*, BIsbc, Blsbcy, Bisbie, Bisbuy, BUby, Bysbe Bishop. livshop • 8 11 "7" 5 19 6 .'4 ■» 5.5 5.4 5.7 S.5 '26' I 2 9 3 14 1 IS |.... ■5111 Black ...:...'.........' '....■.....■.■-■.■ 8 m..^ ' 1 IS 9 Blackburn, Blackl)om, Blackbom, Blackbarne Blackiaan. Blackmon. Blakeman .... S 29 ' 2 48' 9' 4 '....'....' 18 IS 76292—09- -16 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. 230 ^ ^^^ ^ r. wTo^TT ^ A MFS RFPRESBNTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES T.„.. lll.-NOMENCLATUR^E.DEAUNG^WITH^^ ...O^Jontinued^ Blackmore, Blackamoor, Blackamorc, Blackmar, Blackmare, Blackmer, Blactanor, Blacmore, BI?i'klrn?Bia''cSnerBVacksWeVBlac-kstons;m^^^^ Tjio,.i™,oii Rlacwell. Blacivill Blackwell! Blacwell, Blacivill Blades, Blade ■-■ Blam.Blainej^Blane.Blean.^.^.^.^.^..^.^.^.^^^^^ ^; Blaisdeli; Biaizdeli; Bia^dai; Bla^aie/Blakdeli; Bi^dte,"Blij^ei,mki^i: - . . T.' Biecker, Bieecker ' ' " Blair, Blaer, Blaher, Blaire, illSiy=BLS;etl.-raf'y'BSey;Biackly;Biake.ee;Biakei^ Bl»£i^? ■ Blackesley: Biackslea; Blaeksiee,' iilackslvV Btakeily EllnchlJd, BtaS', Blanchord, Blanshard, Blenchard Bland, Blan, Blann ■ ■ • ■■■■■■■. Blankinship, Blackenship, Blankenship Blanks, Blank.. Blanton, Blantn Blasdel, Blaisdel Blauvelt Bledsoe. Bledso Bleeker. Bleeher, Biecker, Bieecker, Blevin, Eleven, Blevlns, Bllven, Blivin Blin, Blinn, Blyn Bliss, Blis v.; ■ " ■ ; Blodget, Bladeet, Blodgett, Bloget Blood, Blaad Bloom, Bloome, Blum Bloomer, Blumer Blossom, Blosom, Blosson Blount, Blunt - A, " V Blowers, Blewer, Bloore, Blorer, Bloyer BIT, Blev, Blies, Bligh, Blye Blvthe. Blith, Blithe, Blyth i' ' " J ";• Boardman. Boardsman, Boordman, Bordeman, Bordman Boarnian, Booman, Boorman, Boreman, Borman Bolihit, Bohart, Bobbet, Bobbett, Bobbitt ; ; ; Boch ford, Botchford V.V..\V..V..-. ■■-■■■■■■ Bodine Bogardus, Bogardas Boeert, Bogard, Bogart, Boggard Boggs, Bogg, Bogges, Boggess, Bogs, Bogse v; " w„ ■„„Vr; lalrs^^r^ofe!'S^iii^!'S;i:;^s^ iSS±?Bo^S^'S.^?SISl^.»S^;iSBow,an;B„w^^ len, Bowlin, Bowline, Bowling Bolt, Bolls, Boltz. Boult Bolton, BoKen. Boltin Bond, Bonde. Bonds ''[ Bonner, Bona, 'fionar,' Boner, Bonnars,' Bonneau, Bonnor, Bowner Bonsall, Bonsai, Bonsel. Bonsil, Bonsill, Bonsle. . Booker, Bewker, Boocher, Bucher, Buchers, Bucker, Buker Boon, Boone, Boons Boose, Boos. Booz, Booze, Bose Booth, Boothe, Booths "' Bordenffeoar°den,'Bordin,' Bordine, BoVding," Bordon, Bourd'in Borum, Boorham, Boram, Boran, Boren, Borin, Borram Bosley, Bossley, Bozley • Boston! Bosston, Bostone ......... ; Bostwick. Bawstick, Bosteck, Bostic, Bostick, Boswiek. ....^.. Boswell, Bossweil, Bosweell, Boswel, Boswells, BoswiU, Bozwell, Buzwell, BuzwiU Bosworth, Bozworth Botstord. Bottom, Bottoms, Bot t urn Botts. Bote, Bots, Bott Boughton, fiowten, Bowton BouOTan" Bausma^^oasni^n, Boaztiiin; Bodziii; BoVsemaii,' Boseman, Bosiman, Bosmaii: Bosserman. Bozman Bouton. Booten, Boutain, Bouten, Boutton, Butin Bovee, Boovey, Boovv, Bouve, Bouvy, Bovey, Bovie Bowden, Bouden, Bowdin, Bowdoin, Bowdon, Bowdown Bowen Boan, Boen. Bohan, Boin, Bowan, Bowin, Bowins Bowers, Bauer, Baughtr, Ba\iher, Bouer, Boughar, Bougher, Bowa, Bowar, Bowars, Bower Bowie, 'Bo\iie. Boy, Buie, Buoy, Buye Bowker, Banker, Bawker. Bouker i^ - - - : W\. Bowman, Bau;;hman, Bauhman, Bauman, Bawman, Beauman, Boaman, Boeghman.Bogtiman, Bohman, Boman, Boughman, Bouman Bowne, Bown . Bo\TOS Bowtell, Boutell, Boutels, Boutle, Bowdle 5.5 6.2 6.8 6.1 7.4 5.8 5.5 5.0 5.4 6.1 5.2 6.1 4.2 6.0 5.4 5.1 5.3 5.6 5.8 5.6 5.9 5.6 6.6 5.1 5.4 5.1 5.7 5.8 5.7 5 5.7 4.6 5.0 6.3 6.9 5.9 5.3 5.5 6.4 5.7 6.4 5.5 4.9 5.8 5.9 5.7 5.5 4.6 5.2 6.3 5.5 5.5 5 9 5.6 6.1 8.7 5 2 5.8 4 9 5.2 6.9 5.9 4.6 7.5 5.4 5.9 45 29 48 24 24 160 273 96 26 206 36 35 27 21 84 57 30 18 18 34 185 106 105 30 25 26 99 18 21 24 107 41 25 18 17 37 71 60 33 119 16 201 150 278 122 154 765 1,227 HEADS OF FAMILIES. Box „ Boyce, Boice, Boies, Bois, Boyes, Boys, Boyse Boyd, Bold, Boyde, Boyds Boyden, Boiden, Bovdin, Boyton Boyer. Bawver, Bawvers. Bowyer, Beyers, Buoyar... Bovkin, Boyakin, Bo'vekin, Boyking Boyle. Boil, Boile, Boiles, Boils, Boyl, Boyles, Boyls. Boynton, Boyanton, Boyenton, Boyinton, Boyonton. Bovt, Bovte. Brackenridge, Brackenridg, Brackenrig, Brakenidge, Brakenridge, Brakerldge, Brakinredge, Breckenredge, Breckinridge. Brickinridge Bracket, Brachet, Brackett, Braket 5.6 5.5 6.4 5.3 5.7 6.6 6.0 5.5 5.9 6.2 6.5 5.0 5.8 5.8 5.4 5.6 5.9 5.1 6.4 5.2 5.9 6.4 25 70 223 26 68 22 113 124 22 207 17 54 28 13 26 41 106 73 79 18 28 25 46 62 32 30 19 73 278 281 49 33 284 21 30 22 156 309 52 132 26 68 95 31 27 124 385 116 ,041 160 178 86 104 373 232 129 82 87 155 915 491 480 122 110 102 466 87 99 97 505 146 100 96 100 181 308 270 179 564 86 398 98 333 1,099 122 309 80 479 655 98 929 84 251 144 100 110 197 417 309 390 89 101 163 201 305 148 136 103 312 1,316 1,302 246 148 32 30 37 35. 1 74 1 15 13 16 1,402 109 164 89 746 1,498 228 602 122 276 510 129 132 548 13 19 29 15 4 8 4 1 25 1 4 2 14 6 6 12 18 16 12 10 27 1 4 23 15 95 34 12 52 16 20 6 4 5 1 12 2 6 13 S 13 1 S 10 io 1 11 IS 4 39 Table 111. GENERAL TABLES. 231 -NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS BY .STATES AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-Continued. Bradbury, Bradberry, Bradbery, Bradsberrey, Broadberry Brad ford '.'.'.'.'.'.'.','.','.'.','.'.'.'.'.'.'.','.'." Bradish Bradlpy, Bradlee, Bradly, Braidly, Breadly '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.". Bradshaw, Bradrhaw. Bradsha, Bradsher, Bredshaw. , . Bradt, liratt, Br.dt mmil[\[l[[[ill['.[[[[][\' [ Bradv. Brada, Braddy, Bradey, Braidy, Braydcy, Braydy, Breiady, Bredyl!!... BraR'ion, Bragdcn !.!!!!! BracK. BraK Brainard. Braincrd. Branard, Brannard, Braynard, Brenard Brake, Broak, Brot-k '.'..'..'.'.'.'. BraU-y, Brailey, Braily, Bralv .'.'.'.'!!.".".*.'I!i !.'!!!.'!!][!! Bratnin, Bracmin, Braman, liramcn, Braumio, Brayman, Brcaman, Brecmon, Brenuii, Bremen Branch Brand, Brandt, Brant Brandon, Brandan, Branden, Brandin, Brandun Branham, Brambam, Branan, Branhan, Branin, Brannan, Brannen, Brannln, Brannlon, Bran- non, Brannum, Branon, Branum Branson, Branison, Branizor, Bransom, Brcnson '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Brantley, Brantly, Brcntly Bran ton Brashears, Brashear, Brasher, Brasheres, Brashets, Brasshcr Erasure, Eraser, B rosier, Brassure, Brazer, Brazier, Brazor , Braswell, Brasswell, Braswi-l, Bmswill, Brazwell ]]' Bratton, Braten, Braton, B ratten Brau, Brausb, Broiigh, Brow Brawn, Bran, Braiin, Bnniin, Brawon, Bron, Brond Brawner, Braner, Branner, Branor, Brauner Bray Bray ton Brazel, Brasel, Brasill, BrasscU, Brassil, Brassill, Brazcal, Brazeel, Brazell, Brazil Breed , Bread Breeding, Breding Brenneman, Branaman, Braniman, Brannaman, Brannamer, Brenman, Bronnemon, Brincnnan, Bruneman . Brnnoman Brenner, Bregneer. Breighner, Breignu, Breiner, Breneer, Brenegh, Brcner, Brennor Brent, Breant, Brend, Brents, Brint , Brcssae, Bra.ssac Brevard, Brevoort Brewer, Brewah, Brewer, Brua, Bruer, Bruyer Brewster, Brewstur, Bronstcr, Brusstar, Bruster Brice, Brise. Brises, Brvee Bricker, Briekerl, Brieket, Brickett, Brickhart, Brigab, Brigcr Bridges, Bridge, Briges Bridgman, Bridgeman Brier, Bry ar, Bryer, Bryers Briggs, Bregs, Br igg, Brigs Brigham Bright, Breight, Brite Brightman Brine k. Brink, Brinks BrinekerhofI, Brenkenkoof, Brinckershofl, Bringolf, Brinkenhool, Brinkerhoff Brinkley, Brinklee, BrinkJy Brinson, Brinsen Briscoe, Bisco, Biscoe, Biscow, Brisco Brison, Brieen, Brisen, Brj'son Bristol , Bristdle, B ristoU Bristow, Brislcr, Bristo, Bristoe, Bristor Britt, Brit, Britts, Britz Britton, Britain, Brition, Briton, Brittain, Brittan, Britten, Brittn Broad. Brod, Brode Brock. Broch, Brookes, Bro •g a 1 -a 3 1 5 2 "5 > a p & T3 a 03 a 3 'bit > 1 ja z 2 6.5 6.3 6.7 5.6 41 30 61 39 120 97 26 129 27 43 51 43 100 26 69 49 77 128 60 72 28 120 24 27 225 19 39 160 64 58 59 62 23 109 23 260 276 22 163 105 33 233 172 26 213 51 234 80 21 35 22 550 16 120 88 62 59 33 29 106 17 24 31 53 21 46 104 60 161 30 265 30 29 70 99 62 34 22 20 29 85 137 226 158 348 181 590 453 134 598 103 190 201 194 480 123 309 200 364 577 254 355 133 558 101 116 1,095 90 216 647 283 292 302 330 94 596 101 1,208 1,186 83 761 486 162 1,182 864 144 907 272 1,041 389 94 176 114 2,503 86 539 462 273 254 176 129 546 92 99 119 208 116 206 526 276 674 134 1,200 125 135 323 443 236 176 90 80 110 384 651 15 6 10 3 6 57 5 34 "s" "3' "s 1 1 22 32 36 6 2 1 2 14 1 6 5 1 9 2 2 1 10 'io' 3 2 7 16 2 30 1 2 12 5.1 5.7 6.2 5.6 4.8 5.4 4.9 5.5 5.8 5.7 5.5 5.1 5.7 6.5 5.2 5.9 5.8 5.6 5.2 5.3 5.9 5.7 7.1 5.0 5.4 6.0 6.1 6.3 5.1 6.5 5.4 5.7 5.3 4.8 5.7 5.5 5.9 6.1 6.0 6.5 5.3 6.3 5.4 5.9 5.5 6.0 6.2 5.6 6.4 5.5 6.2 5.5 5.3 0.3 5.4 6.2 6.4 5.1 4.8 4.9 6.5 5.5 6.1 6.6 5.2 6.5 5.6 5.2 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.5 6.2 5.1 5.0 4.8 5.5 5.8 6 14 1 4 2 16 8 2 8 15 4 28 5 5 22 22 1 10 1 12 f, '3' 8 "e T 1 6 9 5 4 5 m Biimgarner, BamRartner, Bombgardner, Bomgarner, Bonggarner, Bumbgardner, Bumgamer, 6 3 24 1 1 33 1 12 .... .... 1 17 5 1 36 2 9 9 31 7 4 5 5 44 2 8 1 31 2 "io' 4 21 1 .... 1 2 3 6 20 1 1 3 3 .... 1 3 1 Bunnel, Baneil, Banil, Betiei.Bonell, Bonnel, Bonnell, Bunel, Bunell, Buuijl, Bunnell, Bunnels, 3 'io' 1 3 24 1 3 Burtiank" Piirt^mirV, Rnrl.anl.-s . 6 11 2 29 2 17 29 16 9 'is' "ei' 3 6 17 "3' 14 9 9 2 25 11 "2 8 3 4 4 1 9 1 29 20 5 4 .... 6 7 29 Burchard, Birchard, Birchliead, Birchird, Birrchard, Burchart, Burchet, Burchhead, Burchid, 10 1 3' Burdifk Birdich, Burdack, Burdee, Burdeck, Burdii^t 1 8 1 2 13 11 22 34 19 55 6 1 40 2 '26' 9 6 2 2 3 6 50 10 7 16 1 21 4 BurRess, Berges, Burgas, Burgase, Burgass, Burgees, Burges, Burghes, Burghess, Burgis, Bur- Bureh, Berg, Bergh, Burg, Burgiie . 1 Bur'ghardt, Birkhart, Buchert, Buckhart, Bughart, Burchert. Burckhart, Burghart, Burgort, 2 5 10 9 1 21 6 4 17 10 Burk, Berck, Berk, Berks, Birk. Birke, Birks, Bourk, Burck, Biuke, Burkes, Burks 3 13 2 2 1 5 4 14 7 ll Burket, Berkit, Birquit, Burckett, Burget. Burglt, Burgot, Burkett, Burkit, Burkltt, Burkout. . 8 3 Burkholder, Buchwalter, Buckhalte, Bucklialter, Buckholter, Buckolter, Buckwalter, Burch- holder, Burkalter, Burkolder 1 36 1 3 "3 7 10 2 4 8 11 '46' "i' 6 4 4 4 6 10 1 18 2 11 45 1 1 Burnap Burnett, Bernet, Bernett, Bernitt, Bernot, Bumet, Bumit, Bumitt, Byrnett 8 7 69 5 1 4 29 26 "2 13 19 7 8 38 7 4 1 32 2 27 6 "2 8 50 13 9 1 7 22 4 "3' 4 5 12 16 76 16 13 29 39 3 59 8 Burns, Beam, Bearnes, Bern, Berns, Burhans, Burn, Burne, Burnes, Byrn, Byrne, Byrnes, Byms Burpee, Burpe, Burpey, Burpy BmT,BuT,Burs 11 2 95 IS 25 29 6 18 7 1 31 13 26 11 2 00 3 15 2 1 6 2 21 7 2 1 1 Burrell, Buril, Burral, Burrall, Biurel, Burril, Burrill, Burroll, Burwell 1 9 3 Burrit, Burret, Burrett, Burritt Burrows, Borough, Boroughs, Borow, Borroughs, Bouroughs, Buress, Buro, Burows, Burras, Burrass, Burres, Burrice, Burris, Bxnriss, Bxurough, Burroughs, Burrous, Burrow, Burrowes, 5 14 8 19 86 8 1 30 4 24 8 27 18 13 S Burt, Bert, Berttes, Birt, Burts, Burttes, Burtz Burtis, Burtiss Burton, Berton, Birton, Burten, Burtin 7 6 15 12 1 36 5 5 "2' U 1 21 65 10 9 34 16 2 10 78 5 39 26 18 10 1 16 13 13 Busby, Bushee, Busbey, Busbie, Bushbee, Bushby, Buzbie, Buzby Bush, Bouche, Boush 1 8 6 Bushnell, Bishnel, Bushnal, Bushneel, Bushnel, BushnoU, Bushnul Buskirk 6 1 8 45 Bussey, Buscv, Busie, Busse, Bussy, Busy 6 3 1 10 3 38 3 8 54 2 2 65 7 1 39 Butcher, Butchers Butler, Butlar, Butlers, Butlor, Buttler 31 29 24 1 6 12 5 2 86 14 12 27 6 19 1 6 1 5 87 46 Butraan, Buleman, Buttman Butt, But, Buts, Butts, Buttz, Butz 1 11 "e' '32' 1 5 9 14 6 4 2 11 ■3' 1 11 13 1 6 3 9 2 5 33 15 2 Butterfleld, Buterfld Button, Boton, Botton, Bottons, Butten, Buttons.. 12 6 16 6 "4' 6 4 5 6 2 2 2 7 4 3 Buxton, Buckstone Buzzard, Bazzard, Bozard, Busard, Busert, Bussard, Buzard. Buzzell, Bussel, Bussell, Bussells, Buzzel s 13 Byers, Bayeaux, Bayeux, Beya, Beyea, Beyer, Bevor, Beyres, Biars, Bias, Bierr, Biers, Bior, Buyer, Buyers, Buyhe, Byar, Byars, Byas, Byass, Byer, Byrar, Byre, Byres, Byrs, Byuers . . 1 2 2 12 10 5 65 9 Bynum, Bainum, Banuni, Binom, Binimi, Bynam, Bynbame 1 4 1 10 1 2 5 5 5 12 14 11 3 3 Byram, Biram, Birem, Byrom, Byrum... 5 .... 2 1 1 7 ■■;;■ 1 7 21 Cable, Cabel, Cabell, Cables 17 97 .... Cadwallader, Cadwalader, Cadwaleder, Cadwalider, Cadwaliter Cad well, Cadwel Cady, Cadey Cahoon, Cahoone, Cahown, Cohoon, Cohoun.Cohown "i' 14 1 1 1 6 3 1 23 1 13 14 6 3 26 1 2 4 5 13 15 5 "7' 33 1 6 29 7 16 1 27 1 "9' 23 7 80 7 2 18 1 4 5 "7' 15 19 "i9' 2 10 3 5 5 1 '3' 1 2 3 1 1 "'2' 19 2 21 7 ■ 1 1 'ii 33 8 18 9 2 14 'i 24 6 Cain, Caine, Calnes, Cains, Cane, Kaign, Kain, Kane Calahan C^alilian, Callahan CallohaiiCallichan, CalUhan, Cailyhan, Kalahan, kailahan, Keliyhan. Caldwell, Caldwall, Calhvoll, Calwell,Coldwcll,Cohvell,Cohvill Culdwell J'"""- 20- 6 12 8 1 36 Calo, Call, Cales, Caols, Cayle, Kalil, Kail, Kails. Kale Calf, Calfe Calhoon, Calhoone, Calhoun, Coihoon.'colquhooTi,' Coiiihoun,' Cullioun i6 i "a 34 "4' 42 3 2 3 1 3 17 6 "ie Calkins Calkin, Caukins, Caulkins, Colking, Colkins, Corkin, Corkings, Corkins .'.'.'.'.'... "7" 3 9 13 8 3 Callendcr, Calender, Callander, Calender, Coliender,Coilinder..' .'.".'.' .'!.'." "i' "'i' 2 2 'ie' 4 9 12 6 2 1 1 4 24 5 Callis, Calls". ..'.V.]'.'.'.'] 2 8 2 Calvert, Calvit, Colvert Cameron, Cameran, Camerion, Cammeron, "CamoranVcaniron .... 2 7 .... 7 .... 77 8 16 Camp, Camps, Kamp ' GENERAL TABLES:. 233 Taim,.; 1 U.-NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS IJY ST\TES AND TERRITORIES. AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-Continucd. Campbell, Cambel, Camhpll, Camhill, Camblo, Cambol, Camhpell, Cambplo, Campl, Canipll Caiiiil, Camniall, Cammd Caminell, Cainpljol, Cariiplx-lls, <^Bmpl>ols, Campblll, Caropblc! Cain|)ol. tampt'll, CaiTiplo, Camppoll, Compbell, Keiml, Komiml, Kcmmfll Candic. Canda, Cande, Cajidy CaiUi>lci,Cai)tfleld '.V.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Cannli'.Caney.Canney, Canny, Can toy, Canty Cannon, Cannan, Cannon, Canntnc, Canon, Kannon Cantrcl, Cantral, Cantrall, Cantrell, Can trll. Can trill !!.....!!.!.!!.!.'.'.'.! Capon, Capin, Capon '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Capps, Cap, Capp, Caps, Kapp, Kappes '.'.'.'.'.'.'. Capron, Capran ". Card CarKill, CarKal, Careel, CafEell, Cargil Carl, Carlo, Carll, Carls, Corl Carlisl>',Carlilo, Carlilos, Carlllse, Carlyle, CaisUle, Corllle ....!!..."."!.'!!.'! Carlton, Carlo ton, Carlston '..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Carman, Carmoan, Carir.lno, Carmon, Carrniand, Connan, Cornion. !.!!]]!] ]]""" Cannlohacl. Cannloal, Carnilclial, Carmicheal, Camiiohol, Connichael, kcrnilchacl. Camahan. Carnachan, Camahen, Camahon, Carnehon, Kamahan Carnos, Cairns. Carn, Came, Cams, Kahn. Kairns, Kames, Kams !...!!! Camoy, Camay, Cami, Camy, Kearney, Kemey, Kemy, Kimy " Cari)onter, Carpender, Carpenter, Carpinder, Carpinter.' Carr. Car, Cars, Corr, Kar, Karr, Kehr, Ker, Kerr, Kerrs, Kierr, Korr Carraway , Caraway, Carriway , Carroway , Corroway Carrier, Carier, Carriere ' ' CarrinK'ton. Carincton. Charincton, CharrinRton, Corrincton. 5.5 7.1 0.5 4.S 8.8 5.5 6.0 5.5 0.5 S.8 7.1 6.0 5.4 Carrol. Caril, Carol. Carnll. Carrel, Carroll, Carriel, Carril, Carrill, Carriot, Carrold, Carrole, C»i^ roll. Carryl, Caryl, Corrcl, Correll, Corril, Corrill, Karcll, Kerril, Kerrol Camilhers, Caritliers, Carothers, Canitbers, Corithers, Correthers,Corruthers,Conitbers,Cruth- crs, Ctirrathers, Currethers Carson , Carsen Cars well , Carter, Carters, Carter CartMTicht, Cartrieht, Carttlirite, Cortright, Cortwright, Curtrlght, Kortrigbt, Kortwright . . Carty. Canoe, Cartey,Carli6 Cani'th, Carroth, Camith Carver, Carrver, Carvar Carv,Cairry,Cairy, Carey, Carle Case Casey, Caisev, Cassee, Cassey, Casy, Caycey, Cavde Cash Cason.Caison, Casaun, Cassin, Casson, Chasin, Chason, Kason, Kaasan, Kasson Caiss, Kass Cassadv, Casaty, Cashaday, Cashady, Cashiday, Casity, Cossaday, Cassaty, Cassdy, Cassidsy, Cassidy, Ca.-isity Caster, Casteers, Casters, Castor, Raster Ca!erlan.rh3mherlane.Chamberla>-n, Chamber- lavne, Chamherlon, Chainborlin, Chamljerline, Chaml)erlinB, Chcamhcrlain, Chcaraljerlin Cham I lors, Chaimbers, Chamber Champion Champlln Chance.. Chancy, Chanoey. Chanchey, Chansoy, Chansy. Chan. Tier, Chaniilor, Clianler, Chanlor Chanov, Chainey, Chany Chapiii, Chapen, Chapins Chaplin, Chaplain, Chapline Chapman. Char'T'ol, Chapel, Chapell, Chaple, Chaples, Chappele, Chappell, Cbapplll, Chappie. Charles;. Charls Charlton. Charleton,Charlten,Chartlon,Charton Chase. Chare, Chaise Chatnold,Chattrield ■„•••.■ Cheatham, Chatham, Chattam, Cbattom, Chlttam, Chittem, Chittim Chock. Cheesboroiigh, Cheesbrouch, Cheesebrough Chcocman, Cheasman, Checsman • • ■ ••■ - • • ~ • • • Cheney, Cheaney, Chcany, Ctaeene, Chccncy, Cheeny, Chence, Chenney, Chenny, Cheny, Chey- nev, Chincy, Chinnoy Cherry, Chcr'roy, Chen- „■.:•• \i: ■ ^\: " ■" V^CUl.' '.' Cheshire, chesor, Cheshure, Chosser, Chesshar, Chessheir, Chesshire, Chessire, Chessur Ches: - ■ Chcsniit, Cbesnet, Chesnult, Chestnut Chester Chcvcr, Chaver, Cheaver, Cheever, Cheevers, Chevera. Chew . Chick, Chock ■--„•, Chileoat, ChilcoaU!, Chilcot, Chilcote, Chilcott, Chillcoat, Chlllcnt . . . Childress, Cbeldres, Cheldress, ChUders, Childres, Childnes, CluMris. 5.4 6.3 5.9 5.1 4.4 6.7 6.3 6.1 5.3 5.6 6.4 6.0 5.3 6.1 5l4 5.1 £l6 5l4 S.7 6.0 5.3 4.8 6.0 6.4 6.0 5.0 5.7 5.4 5.3 4.7 5.8 778 |3, 16 eo 22 148 23 43 98 36 62 10 59 72 121 K2 3ii 111 69 46 544 494 35 32 50 236 72 121 20 esi 107 23 Hi 1.026 340 525 92 3, aw 472 97 91 190 56 22 599 .IS 30 n. 1 48 5.1 28 , 7.0 » 5.7 23 ' 5.< 132 1 5.5 90 ' 5.3 26 6.1 29 4.4 29 5.3 30 5.1 S3 6.0 21 6.7 18 5.2 24 4.6 71 iiKAbs or WAUiias. 633 22 97 .... 377 ' I 6RI IM ' 213 I 439 199 ' 295 i 97 271 318 I 594 I 448 ; IIX) 90 ' 276 186 H17 2.W 144 1.12 204 23 3.S V'O 72 351 37 205 30 158 30 IGO 116 .Wl 76 311 74 252 21 119 59 313 17 86 27 lin 47 217 19 103 32 lOl 1 »7 415 1 64 328 39 170 21 87 324 1,501 201 884 43 204 82 413 24 103 23 88 317 1.588 32 172 172 863 51 202 *» ino I 8 K 'I = , si 1 1 32 I . 30 ... 9 3 .... 2 '.... 14 12 2 43 64 76 3 I 6 109 306 at 10 33 74 'I4S 1 lU 1 T* 6 14 I 10 6 3 137 34 ... 1 2 3 6 37 I 47 36 I 7 61 4 17 I 34 37 122 16 I 8 1 3 • 8 3 2 12 ' 8 I» 12 IM 2 I 4 43 28 82 . 2 , 7 11 108 . ' 4 3 16 . 32 1 17 2 54 1 1 27 1 9 174 11 63 ... 2 ' 1 .... 2 I 9 ... 10 10- 9 4 9 4 24 10 37 I >2 i 18 I 33 I 29 '. 23 28 I 2 117 l\ 16 7 10 16 6 ' 18 1 II ! 6 26 ■ 22 10 I 3 ' III 171 111 107 1 601 407 2 20 I 13 j 46 li 1.' I 1 I 101 iO 22 2 21 1 2 "3 3 9 13 6 S 10 . 1 ...I la M. 1 4 37 3 51 I 234 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Taui.e 111.— nomenclature, dealing with names represented by at least 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790— Continued. Childs, Child, Childps, Chiles. Chilton, Chelton, ChiUeton. .. Chipman. ChisoLm, Cheseham, Chesham, Cheshlom, Chesholm, Chisham, Chisholm, Chism, Chisom, Chis- sum, Chisum Chittenden, Chitendon, Chittendon, Chittenten, Chittenton, Chittington Choate, Choat, Chote Christian, Christain, Christein, Christen, Christians, Christiansc, Crestian, Crestianse, Cristian, Cristine. Christie, Christee, Christey, Christy, Criste, Cristee, Cristie, Cristy . Christopher, Christifor, Christophers, Cristopher Church . Churchill, Churchcl, Churchell, Churchhill CiUey, Celley, Celly, Cilly, Selley, Sillea, Silley, Silly, Sily Cisscll, Cecil, Cecill, Cissel, Cissii, Cissill, Coecil, Sissel, Sissell, Sissol. Claflin, Cleffland Clagett, elegit Clap, Clapp, Klapp Clardy. Clark, Clarck, Clarke, Clarkes, Clarks, Cleark, Clerk, Clerke Clarkson, Clackson, Clarkston, Clarkton Clary, Clarey, Cleary, Cleery Ciawson, Clausen, C'lauson, Clossen, Closson Clay, Clays Claypole, Claj-pool, Claypoole Clayton, Clatbn, Claytons, Cleaton, Cleton, Cleyton Cleaver, Clever Cleaves, Claves, Cleavs, Cleeves, Cleves Cleland, Clayland, Clealand, Cleelan, Cleeland, Clolon, Cleyland Clements, Ciemence, Clemens, Clement, Clementz, Clemings, Clemins, Clemmans, Clemmence, CIcmmens, Clemment, Clemments, Clemniings, Clcmmins, Clemmon, Clemmons, Clemen, , Clemonds, Clemons, Clemont, Clemonts Clendenin, Clandennen, Clandenning, Clendenan, Clendenen, Clendening, Clendennan, Clen- dennin, Clendinan, Clendinen, Clendinnen, Clindenon, Clindinin, Clyndimiin Cleveland, Clavland, Cleaveland, Cleavland, Cleeveland, Clevland Clifford, Clellord, Cleford, Cliford Chft, Cleft, Clifl Clifton, Cliflton ■ Climer, dimmer, Clymer, Klimer Cline, Clein, Clyn, Clyne, Klein, Klien, Kline, Klyn, Klyne ! Clinton, Clentan, Clenton, Clindon Close, Clothes, Clowes, Clowse, Klose, Klosz Cloud. Clough.Clow Clute '..'.'.'.'.'.'. Coats, Coat, Coates, Cotes Cobl), Cob, Cobbs, Cobs, Kob, Kobb, Kolb Coble, Cobble, Cobill "l[\[\\'.'.'.['.]\'. Cobum, Cobcrn, Coborn, Cobourn, Coboume, Coburas '."'.'.'.'. Cochran, Cochrin, Cochron, Cockerin, Cockeron, Cockran, Cockrane, Cockrin, Cockron, Cocran, Cokron Cock, Cocke, Cocks, Coks, Koch, Kock Cockrell, Cocheril, Cochrell, Cockaril!, Cockerill, Cockral, Cockril, Cockroli. Coe, Co . Coffee, Cotfe, Coffey, Cofly.Corfey Coflield, Cofield ..'. '.[.'.'.\\"'.['.\\]'.\\]]] Coffin, Coffen, Coffins .' . " Coggin, Coggen, Coggins Cogswell, Coggeshal, Coggeshall, Coggshall, Coggswell, Coggwell, Cogliil'l, Cogshall, "coEshelU Cogswill, Cogwell, CogwiU ' Cohen, Cohan, Coheen, Cohn, Cohon, Cohone, Cohorn, Cohun, Koens Koghen ' Coil, Coile, Coils, Coyal, Coyel, Coyl, Coyle, Koil, Koils, Koyl, Koyle . Colt, ■"■ Coker, Coaker, Cocah, Cocar, Cocker '.'.'.'.[". Colbraith, Colbreath, Colbrith, Colebroth, Collbreath, Culbratti, Cuilireath. Colburn, Colborn, Colbourn, Colburne, Colebourn, Coleburn, Coulburn Colby, Colbe6,Colbey,Coleby Colcord . Cole, Coal, Coale, Coals, Coles, Cowle, Cowles, Cowls Colegrove, Coldgrove, Colgrove, Coolgrove Coleman, Coalman, Coalsraan, Colaman, Colemand, Coienien, Colemon Coley, Coaley, Coalley, Colley, Colly, Coly Coller, Coaler, Coallaf, Cola, Coler, Collar, Collars, Coliers,'coliour, Colour, Khoier' KoileV Collier, Colier,Collear, Colliar,Collyer,Colyer,Cullier ' Collins, Colene, Colens, Colin, Colings, Colins, Collans, Coliens, Coil'ienVcoliin'Coliine' ColViniV Collons . J &. *» "6o, Colman, Collman, Colmon, Coltman, Coolman " ] Colson, Coleson, Collison, CoUisson, CoUson, Coisin, Coulson Colt, Coltes, Colts Colton, Calton. Coletin, Coletton, Colten, Coiilton '.'.'.'.'.'.'. Colvin, Caldvin, Calvan, Calvin, Colven '.'.'.I" '..'.["'.][[] Combs, Comb, Combe. Combes, Com bess ,'.'.'..'..'. Comer, Comber, Commer .'.".".".".".".*,' Comfort, Komfort '.'.'.'.'.'.'. Comley, Comely, Comly ] Compton, Cainpton. Kamptom, Komton '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Comstock, Compstock, Comstach, Comstack, Comstal'kVComstoik, Ciiinstaek ciimsticic" " Conant, Connant Condall, Condal, Condle, Congdel, Congdell, Congdolli Cuiidai, Ciindeli Cone, Cones, Kone, Kohn Coney, Conee, Cony Congdon, Condan, Conden, Condine, Condon, Congden! Conger, Congo, Congor Conkey 8.9 4.6 5.5 6.0 4.8 5.5 5.4 5.2 6.1 5.8 5.6 5.4 5.7 6.2 5.5 6.3 5.5 5.6 5.4 5.1 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.1 5.7 5.8 5.4 4.7 5.8 5.7 6.3 5.2 5.4 5.8 4.9 5.1 6.0 5.7 5.1 5.9 5.8 4.7 6.2 6.1 S.5 6.4 5.9 5.5 5.0 5.8 5.3 6.0 4.8 5.2 6.2 5.4 4.7 6.1 5.5 6.3 5.6 5.4 5.9 5.6 5.6 5.4 5.4 6.4 5.6 6.6 5.3 6.0 5.5 5.6 6.2 7.1 5.8 5.9 5.5 6.3 5.9 5.7 5.6 6.2 6.2 226 29 47 28 53 52 78 71 31 231 124 39 31 29 32 178 19 2,442 28 48 28 78 25 101 25 32 21 277 27 149 76 21 43 29 202 35 45 36 142 35 105 311 29 96 192 125 21 117 44 22 212 21 131 29 31 30 32 31 80 153 19 793 29 307 68 60 107 625 41 48 18 77 77 102 31 20 17 43 116 122 19 100 20 71 21 18 1,110 104 210 141 203 232 344 296 157 1,116 671 172 147 150 144 936 86 11.324 122 198 124 347 112 418 117 155 93 1,271 101 710 355 112 180 128 961 135 185 181 671 145 510 1,497 106 502 970 559 92 674 200 89 1,024 91 653 110 130 155 140 116 404 687 100 3,657 129 1,489 310 276 466 2,778 220 219 100 339 385 455 144 103 103 206 565 551 101 488 93 327 109 93 HEADS OF FAUIUES. 79 31 25 39 7 1 8 8 4 . 65 23 10 Table 111. GENERAL TABLES. 035 -NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS BY STATES AND TERRITORIES, AT TUE FIRST CENSIS: 17'J0-es, ("oorabs, Coomes, Cooms Coomer, Coomber, Cumber, Cummer, Cummlr ' Coon, Coonce, Coone, Coones, Coons, Coonse, Coonts, Coonti, Koon, Koooce, Koone, Koons, Koonse, Koontz Cooper, Coopi)er Cope, Cop, Copes, Copp, Coppes, Copps, Cops Copeland, Copelan, Co|)elln. Copland, Coplen, Coplln Corbet, Carbit, Corbert , Corbett, Corblt, Corblte, Corbltt, Corbutt Corbin, Corban, Corl>en, Corbom Cordwell, Cardwell, Cordwall, Cordwlll Corey, Coery, Correy, Corrle, Corry. Cory Corless, Carlis, Carloss, Corlas, Corlies, Corlls, Corliss Cornelius, Camelus, Conrlir.s, Comoilas, Comeleise, Cornell, Cornelias, Comelies, Coraelk», COr- neiious, Comelis, Comelus, Cumelus Cornell, Comal, Comale, Corneall, Cornel Coming, Comin ComLsh , Camish , Comis Comwell , Comwal, Cornwall, Corawel, Comwlll Corson, Coarson, Corsen, Corsson, Couison Cottingham Cottle, Cotle, Cottcl, CottiUe Cotton, Cot tawn, Cotten, Cottin, Cottins, Cottons Cottroll, Cotral, Cotrall, Cotrel, CotrcU, Cotrill, Cottrel, Cottril Couch , Cauch , Coutch Coulter, Coaller, Colter Council, Councel, Councill, Counsel, Counsell, Counsil Cotmlryman, Countcrynian, Countyman, Cuntreman, Ctmtryman Courtney, Coatney, Coltney, Cortany, Cortney - Cousins, Cosine, Cosins, Cousens, Couslnes, Couzlns, Coten, Coiens, Cotlne, Couens, Coulns, Covcll, Coval, Covall, Covalt, Covel, Covels, CovU, Covile, Covill. Covenhoven, Covenhaven Covert . Covey, Covy Covington, Cooventon, Covenlon, Covinton. Cow, Cowe, Cowes, Cows, Kow, Eows Coward . Cowden, Cawden, Cowdln Cowdry, Caudry, Coudry, Cowdre, Cowdrey Cowell, Cowel, towels, CowUl Cowcn, Cowan, Cowans, Cowens, Cowhan, Cowin, Cowing. Cox, Coxe, Coxs Coy, Cove. Crabb, Crab, Crabbs, Crabe Craddook, Craddack, Cradock, Cradok Craft, Crafd, Crafft, Crafts, Krafit, Kraft ■ ■ _•.•••>. Craig, Craag, Cracg, Crag, Crage, Cragg, Craggs, Crags, Crague, Craige, Cralgg, Craigs, Creag, Creg, Cregg, Creig, Creigh, Kreig Cram, Cranuncs, Krains ■• -■ ■_> Cramer, Crama, Crammer, Crammr, Cramor, Cramore, Creamer, Creamorc, Cromer, Kraemer, Kniltncr, Kramer, Kreamer, Kremer Crandal, Cran.ljll, Crandel, Crandell, Crandle, Crandol Crane, Crain, Cralne Cranston , Cransi in, Cranton Crary, Cralry, Creary Craven. Cravens, Cravin, Cravins w •;■•.• v. . ".' ";-■ "J-i — ' H.LVi;.^' Crawford, Crafard, Craferd, Crafferd, Craflord, Cratord, Craufurd, Crawloot, Crawlort, cronord, Crofoot, Croford, Crowfoot, Crow/ord, Crw ford Creekniorr, Crcekmore Cregar, Craiger, Creager, Cregier, Creiger v; • %• • -^l; " ■ i'. Creighton, Cratens, Craton, Crayton, Creaton, Creiton, Cretin, Crlegn ton Crenshaw. Crcsscy, Creascy.'CreasK Crecy, Creesey, Crecsy, Cresce, Cresey, Cressy, Cricsseo Crews, Crew, Croos, Cruise, Cmlze, Cruse, Kmse - . ■ •■■•■•• ,>■;••"■■ rViU^ii' Crisnian, Chrlsman, Chrismon, Christman, Crismond, Crissman, Cristtnan, Krlsmnn, Krlstman, Krit^man Crisp. Crist, Christ. Crice, Crisc, Krist ■ . ■ — ■ ■: ■ ■ ■ . ■ ■ ■• v,- ■,;;,■ 'j-' VvirVinViAn' Critienton. Chrittcnden, Chrittenton. Crittenden, Crlttendon, Crittenten, Criltlnden, CrItUndon, Criltinton Crocker, Crocar, Croker Crocket. Crockett, Crocklt, Croket -•-• ,v V^i.VJ.'.ilii' Cromwell, Crommel, Crommell, Cromvell, Cromwel, CnimueU, cramweu Cronkhite,Cronkite!!. Crooks, Crook, Crooke a- ••: X ' V.' ' V-".^!.'.'.; ' rsU.hi Crosby, Crosbav, Crosbe, Crosbea, Crosbee, Crosbey, Crosbie, Crossbay, CroiDy Crosman, Crossinan, Crossmen, Krosman ; i.6 6.4 fi.4 S.2 S.7 S.5 6.9 S.4 4.0 6.6 6.3 6.1 5.7 6.0 5.6 6.8 6.0 6.6 5.C 6.7 5.2 SO 5.7 6.7 6.0 5.1 6.5 5.0 4.0 6.4 5.7 b.l 6.6 6.4 6.0 6.5 5.2 4.9 5.9 4.9 6.7 6.1 6.0 6.6 6.0 6.0 6.2 61 6.1 6.4 60 6.7 6.7 S.S 5.4 6.0 6.6 5.1 6.0 6.7 5.8 5.8 S.S 6.3 61 5.6 4.6 5.8 4.5 4.8 5.7 4.0 5.0 5.6 63 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.8 6.8 6.6 |: i g 1 £ g s b 1 1 210 040 42 185 29 128 228 053 107 508 05 429 S3 268 16 86 67 221 1,065 4,747 ■-•0 106 27 1.19 119 S64 46 225 66 254 17 06 234 1,172 668 2,635 66 304 123 674 67 237 84 408 31 145 147 684 17 84 40 200 110 407 25 101 45 174 134 691 36 160 17 86 30 180 130 675 35 170 68 303 41 172 29 114 22 107 29 113 68 275 56 285 18 00 31 142 27 134 41 206 18 03 18 01 20 101 24 105 23 114 140 658 603 2,3.19 20 125 28 124 30 176 121 556 217 888 73 3U0 no 513 172 828 197 942 26 117 27 144 22 112 377 21 !.■> 34 20 28 luS 44 206 70 271 72 355 20 80 50 315 61 3113 ino 754 44 222 40 251 16 65 23 125 68 324 208 090 54 247 HSAM or rAwuxii. 60 1 •■ o I 8 2 III 1 6 .... I .... le 31 1 ,...| 2 60 172 64 3 36 2 12 ... 4 ...I 1 6 41 ... 2 2 28 ...I 13 3 I 17 16 20 18 IS 13 1 7 15 16 17 2 I 27 8 7 ... 7 3 2 2 1 I 11 2 32 11 I 1 ...I 6 6 I 27 62 .Ml 10 ; » ^1 * 46 31 26 28 66 g 1 .... 17 96 44 66 ' 34 ' 27 16 I 3 66 134 *' i ....I 2 3 6 106 I SO SO 102 21 24 107 2 I 3 9 37 13 5 3 6 301 26 ,...! 24 13 .... 10 2 ... 26 ... 1 8 26 4 U t S 10 1 236 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 1 1 1 -NOMEiNCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790— Continued. Cross, Crose Crout^h , Croutch Crouse, Croiis, Kraus, Krause, Kjauss, Krous, Krouse Crow , Croe, Crowe, Crows Crowder, Crouder Crowell, Croel, Crowall, Crowel Crowl, Craull. Crawl, CroU, Crouel, Croul, Krawl, Kroll, Krowl Crowson, Croasen, Crosen, Crossan, Crossen, Crossin, Crosson, Crousan Crozer, Croseir, Croser, Crozier Crum, Crom, Cromb, Crome, Croom, Crooms, Crumb, Crume, Cmmm, Krom, Krome, Krum.. Crump, Crumpts Cryder, Creider, Crider Cudworth, Codwortli Culbertson, Calbertson, Colberson, Colbertson, Colbeson, Cubbertson, Culberson Cullev, Cullee. Cully Cullins. Culi'ii. Culin, Culins, CuUan, Cullen, Cullin, Cullings Culp. Culpt. Kulp Culpeper, Culpepeper, Culpepper Culver . Cunimings. Comins, ComlDgs, Comins. Commings, Coromins, Cumin, Cumine, Cuming, Cum- ings. Cumins, Cuiimien, Cumniin, Cumming, Cummins Cunningham, Coningham, Conygham, Conyngham. Cunengham. Cunhingham, Cunigam, Cuni- gan, Cuningham, Cuninghame, Cunnigam, Cunninghame, Cunninham, Kuningham, Kunning- ham.. Curie, Curl, Kearl, Keerls, Keirle, Kerl, Kirl, Kurl Currier, Courier Curry, Curray , Currey, Currie, Cury Curt«n, Certain, Certin, Curtain, Curtin, Curtins, Kerton.. Curtis, Ciutes. Curtess, Curtice, Curtise, Curtiss, Curtiz Curwin, Curvin, Curwen Cushing, Cushln, Cushion, Cushon Cushman, Cusman. Kushman Custard, Custerd , Custord, Kustard Cutler, Cutlar. Cuttler Cutt. Cuts, Cutis, Kutz Cutter Cutting, Cuting, Cuttin Daggett, Dagett, Daggart, Dagget, Daggot Dailey, Daily, Daley, Dalley, Dally, Daly, Dayley, Dayly Dakins, Dakin Daland, Dealand, De Land, Deland Dale, Dail, Dails, Dales Dalrymple, Dalrimple, Danmiple, Dilrimple Dalton, Dolton Dame, Dames Dameron, Damerin, Dammeron, Damron Damon, Daman, Dammon, Daramons, Dammun, Damons, Dayman Dana, Danee, Daner, Danna, Danner, Danor, Danow Dane, Dain, Daine, Dains, Danes, Dayns Danforth, Danford, Danfort, Dantforth '.[/.'.'.'.'.'. Daniels, Dancle, Danels, Danial, Daniel, Daniell, Daniells, Danil, Daniles, Danils, Dannei, Dan- nels, Danniels, Dannold, Danolds Dann, Dan. Darby. Darbay, Darbe, Darbey, Derbe, Derbey, Derby Darden, Dardan, Dardin, Dardon, Dawden Darling. Dorlimr Darlington. Darlenton. Darlinton Damall, Darnal, Darnel, Darnell, Damil, Damull Darrow, Darough, Darragh, Darrah, Darrar, Darro, Darrough, Dorrali, Borrow Dart. Davenport, Deavenport, Debenport, Devanport, Dcvanporte, Devenport, Devensport, Devin- port, Devonport David , Davids [[[[ Davidson, Davcrson. Davlnson, Davison, Davisson, Deverson, Dividson! ! Davie, Davey, Davy '[ Davis, Daves, Davice, Davies, Davise, Daviss ' ,' ," Dawes, Daugh, Daw, Daws, Dawse '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Dawkins, Darkins '.'.'.'.'.'.'..'. Dawley, Dawly, D ' Orlie. Dowly "."."!!!!]!!!! Dawson, Dauson, Dorsen, Dors'on [[[ Day, Days, Deay, Dey, Deye '."'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.[" Dayton. Daten, Daton, Dattnn Deal, Deale, Deals, Dccl, Dcele, Dehl, Delhi, Dell, Deiil.Diei! ..!...! ! Dean. Deanc, Dcanes, Deans, Deen, Deens, Diens ["[ Dear, Deare, Dears, Deer, Deir Dearborn, Dcarhen, Dearbin, Dearbon, Dearbome. Derban, Derborn Dearing, Doaron, Dearens, Dearran, Deering, Dering. Derrin, Derring Deaver, Dcavor, Deavour. Deever, Deevers, Dever, Devers, Deves, Devirs Decker, Deckir, Dicker, Dickers Dedrick, Dcadrieh, Dcatrich, Dederick, Dedrich, Deedrick/Dee'drik,' bei'dk'Deidrich DeidVick Dcitrick, Dorttrick, Detrick, Didrich, Didrick, Dietrich, Dietrick.. -^eiaricn, ueianck. Dees, Deas, Dee, Deess, Deis Deford . Deforest, Dcllorrcst, D'Fcrest, De Forest, Detorist, D'Forrest,DeFOTest,'Deforrest;buforrfet' De Grove. Dehaven , Dchea von [ De La Mater, Delamater, De Le Mater ] Delaney, Delahny, De Laney, Delanoy, Delany, DeleneyibeienyVDelonayVDelbnT' Delunev Dulany, Du Launy ■" •^•""cj, Delano, Dclanna. De I.aNoix, Deleno, Drlino. Dellano, beliinoibiYMo,"bYleno Dilenow'Di'liinn DiUanoe. Dilleno, Dillenor, Dilliner, Dillino, DiUinor ! .i^"eu",i'uenow,uiiiano, Delinger, Delinges, Dellinger, Dillinger Deloacb, Deeloach, De Loach, Deloatch 5.9 5.7 5.9 5.7 6.2 5.7 S.6 5.3 5.9 5.6 6.3 5.8 6.0 7.1 5.7 4.4 5.8 4.7 5.6 5.7 6.2 5.6 5.1 5.9 5.8 5.6 6.2 6.3 5.4 6.2 6.0 5.4 5.4 6.9 5.1 7.3 5.1 6.4 5.3 6.4 5.0 4.0 5.1 6.4 5.1 5.6 5.4 5.9 4.8 5.0 5.6 7.3 5.5 5.6 5.0 6.1 6.6 5.7 4.3 6.6 5.6 6.4 5.4 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.2 5.6 6.3 6.2 5.4 5.4 6.2 6.1 6.5 6.1 5.4 6.7 6.3 6.0 6.2 6.9 5.6 237 50 47 101 30 123 31 19 20 100 38 40 26 60 23 26 60 28 HI 275 25 147 167 22 592 37 125 103 27 133 37 63 54 68 115 19 20 63 23 41 43 26 76 52 42 99 385 27 110 47 143 15 28 62 56 207 41 263 26 2,575 45 18 37 175 373 77 113 484 23 74 54 41 1,159 237 230 475 157 581 138 81 98 461 201 193 126 304 109 84 240 103 510 1,538 1,293 129 680 650 107 2,812 169 656 541 120 689 185 280 238 332 467 120 82 232 99 182 171 79 315 281 173 452 1,677 133 422 190 653 94 127 286 224 1,049 188 1,241 86 11,725 204 79 161 823 1,691 356 586 2,229 98 382 236 181 207 176 81 136 154 106 209 481 97 91 23 12 HEADS OF FAMILIES. 26 30 29 19 36 15 15 57 57 18 64 13 20 33 4 11 68 28 18 23 21 27 12 12 53 GENERAL TABLES. 237 Tahlk 1 1 l.-NOMENCLATURE DEALING WITH NAMKS KErUESKNTEI. BY AT LEAST 100 VMIITE PERSONS IIY ST VTE8 AND TERKITORIES, AT THE FIRST CIV v^-> B. d i » j ai ts Delonc, Dclon. De Long Demorist, Demarcst, Oimrpst " [ ' ' Doiiuri tt. Demerit. Demerri t. Bcinerri it Deniing, Deman, Demcn, Uemman, Dcramans. DemmcnrUeinining/Demmlns/Dcmnw Deinpsey. Dempsay. Dempsy, Dcmsey.'Dcmsv.' DimMcv. tMmsev.DVmsy Dincy Demson, Dcnerson. Denlston. Dcnnerson, Denneson, Dcnnlson. Dennlsson. OcnnistoiiVDenion Ifint'ston, Dinnison ' Pennet . Dennett. Denni t '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..'. Denning. Dcneen. Denin, Denlne, Denneni'Dcnnln! binin.'DVnnon.Dlnnlng Dennis. Dcnais, Deneas, Denis. Dennise. Deanlss, Dcnnyoe, Dincss, Dlnnis Denny. Denney, Dcnnlc, Deny, Dinny Dent. Den tz Denton !.""!".!!!!!!!!"!!".!!!!!!!"""[.' * De I'uy, Deepu, De Pew, Depew, Depue, Dupey, bupolsrbupu, biipueyVbupuis, Dupuy, Derr, Duit " ''''.'.''''.*.*.*'.'.'.'.'.''."."'.'.*.".''." De-shon, Deshang, Deshann, Deshong, Dislion, bishong.bisliorii...... !!...'.'.'.".. .!!!'. Devane. Devan, Devans. Devaughan, Devanghn, Devonii. Divan. Divans !!.."!! Deverecix, Davarax, Deaverlux. Deavorix. Deliereaux, Devereaux, Deverlck.Devericksi beveiix, Deviro. Devorex. Devorix, De>Teaux, Divoriix De Vine. Devine, Divine ..!..!!....!!........ Devne. Defoe, Devaiigti, Devaux, Devoo, Devooe, Devoux. VeVow. ......... .................. Devore, Devar, Devarr, Devoir, Devoor. Devor, Devour, Devov, Devoyer, Dvoure Dew. Dews, Doux, Dne, Dues, Duess, Duse ! Dev.-ees, Deweese, Deweeze, Dewcse, Duwees !!!.!!!!!! Dewey. Dewav. Dewc. Dewj', Duae, Dnav, Duvee Db Witt. Dewett, Dewhit, Dewiglit, Dewit, De'Wite, Dewitt, Duet, Duett, Duewit '.' Dexter, Dextar, Dcxtor De Yoo, Deo, De Veo, De Yo, Deyo, De Yos DIbl.le. Dllibeil. Diljbill, Dibol [."""[W. Dicli. I)icl;e. Diclies. Dielts, Dix Dickens, Declrins, Dicken, Dicklns, Diking, Dykins : , Dickennan , Dickey, Dickie, Diekkey, Dicky' [[..."]"[["". Dickinson, Deckarson, Deckerson, Deckison, Dicingson, Dickason, Dickenson, DIckemson, Dickerson, Dickeson. Dickison, Dickoson, Dikerson, Diklngson , Diehl, Dial, Diail. Dile. Dioi. Dval, Dvali, Dvel, Dvle , Diet?,. Deals, Deetz, Deits, Deili, Dits , Diggs, Deggc, Degges. Deig, Digges Dike, Dikes, Dvche, Dyches, Dyek, Dyke, Dykes Dili. I>ille. Dilis , Diilanl. Dilliard. Diivard , Dillir. Deliow, Dilia.'Diliar. Dillo, Dilor , DilUngliam, Deicniiaiii. Deliingiiam, Diiinbam, Dillenhara, Dllllnhazn Dillon. Dillon. Dillen. Dlilin. Dilllns, Dillion, Dillyen , Dilworlh, Del wortli, Dilsworth Diinniick, Damock, Demlck, Demmaclc, Deinmich, Denmiick, Dcmock, Dimack, Dimick, Dimniik, Dimniock, Dimmuck, Dimoclc , Dymrx-k, Dymnck Dinionil, Dlamen, Dlamon, Diamond, Diman. Diniand, Diment, DImmon, Dlmon, Dj-mond... Dingtiian, Dingliinan Dinsinore. Denseniore. Densmor* Disbrow, Desbrow, De.sehorough Dilwiler. Deatwlier. Dedwalier, Dettwiler, Detwaller, Detweiler, Detwller, DetwlUer, DltvUer.. Diver. I)iv;us. Dhcrs, Dives. Divese Dixon, Dickson, Dixcon, Dixson .' Doane, Doan '. Dol liins, Doljbin, Dobins, Doblons, Dobyns Dobbs, Dob, Dobt), Dobs Dolison, Dabson, Dobbson, Dobston Dockslader Dodd, Dod, Dodds, Dods Dodge, Daiige, Dodg, Doge, Doudpe, Douge Dodson, Dot5on, Dotsons, Dottson Doe, Dongh Doggel t, Dogget, Doggot Dole, ■ Doles Dolson, Daliison, Dailson. Dolen.son, Dolison. Doiiarson.Dollasson, Dollison, Dolsen Donald. Donalds, Donnald. Donnalds. Dornald Donaldson. Donaleson. Donaison. Donelson. Donillson. Donnaldson, Donnalson, Donnelson Donally. Donaldlv. Donaley, Donaiy, Doneily, Donciy, Dunley, Donly, Donnalay, Donnally, Doncllv, Donneiv, Donolly Donnal, Donals, Donell, Donnel, Donnell, Donnels ■■ — ■. Donohii. Dnnaho. Doneliew, Donehugh, Donnahough, Donnehow, Donnehue, Donnlnue, Dono- hue. Doiioiighne. Dunahoe, Dunayhew, Dunnaho, Dunnahoe, Dunnahoo, Dimnehoe, Dunoho. . Don(i\ an. 1 )onavan, Donnovan Dool i 1 1 le. Dili i Hie. . Door. Doar. Doer. Doerr. Doore, Dor, Dorr, Dors ^ Dorati. Dorans, Doren, Dorin, Doron, Duran, Duren, Durene, Durin, Duron, Durran, Durren... Donn an, Dormon, Donnood Dorrani-e, Dorrence Dorsey, Darsey, Dawsey, Dorcey, Dossey Doss, Doz Doty, Doaty, Dody, Dota, Dote, Dotee, Dotey, Dotty Doud, Dowd, Dowds , i,- • • ■ : v i^ Cli: ' 't .... "2 s i "i' "«' 18 j 5 1 0.3 41 29 19 1S9 28 157 28 25 174 98 47 as 87 37 22 19 31 22 41 28 35 17 1.10 79 107 34 73 127 42 32 79 351 31 23 29 45 m 45 23 39 48 27 65 63 21 49 19 18 16 376 83 56 17 35 14 79 346 83 35 31 44 22 26 76 41 25 26 19 100 At 28 49 18 104 18 80 61 162 73 296 24 200 35 219 128 89 673 113 792 153 100 705 4«5 201 391 305 201 82 97 119 78 192 128 128 70 640 387 m 170 3«B 541 146 144 379 1,702 1.50 102 127 222 2>0 210 104 194 210 135 316 263 107 268 104 90 100 1,614 391 245 103 HO m 412 1,712 421 163 133 217 107 109 396 146 115 99 83 444 222 141 212 87 499 105 367 216 698 333 1,362 100 944 151 ,1 ^^~ 6.3 5.7 an 43 1 5 "i 30 7 1 82 .... .... «.o as io' 68 ii' 4,2 R,7 7 17 15 10 26 8 6 ii' 3 12 2 U 1 4 19 IS 32 2 ■4' 1 1 4 3 1 3 6 "i' 12 4 14 14 .... 1 2 4 B 4 20 24 8 11 ■■«■ 4 7 1 1 ■"9 1 4 1 B 4 i 3 3 .1.3 ,■> * 1 6 2 2 a A fl.4 4,7 S 4 "3' 9 12 36 1 fi 1 1 ..>■ 4 8 2 .... 1 1 12 I I a a 4 8 « 4 A « 7 «fl .... 4 7 A. 1 «.n .... 7 30 39 2 1 22 32 3 14 46 8 34 19 11 15 1 to A n 1 3 IS m 4 6 6 47 n n *" 6.0 1 3 3 6 2 4 2 14 4 16 ii' 96 .... .... 1 1 15 67 *' 6,3 4. A 36 12 10 3 16 17 " A. 2 "s 2 1 1 9 4 S.8 5.8 A n 35 34 16 14 1 1 21 17 6 I 6 3 7 1 32 2 ii' 7 i?' 1 14 36 4 2 3 ii' 24 3 11 A. 4 6 A 4 .... S t ^ 7 14 6 a 1 3 7 "a A 1 2 A 7 4 A A 1 .... "4' 6 18 A n B 1 20 2 1 A 4 8 20 .... 4 4 18 8 a 1 4 u 1 B 4 8 1 A A.« .... 7 14 S 17 12 "» 29 8 6 8 17 6 A. 2 A 1 t .... A A 7 21 6 8 1 13 1 A A 1 6.1 7 3 2 13 41 1 1 36 7 6 7 6 14 7 61 1 3 83 13 10 8 46 1 41 1 98 6 30 3 B ' S.3 5.7 10 6 1 8 6 18 11 23 A 4 1 11 2 8 7 7 1 2 3 1 6 1 5.0 4 7 4 A ? 2 28 16 119 2 is" 7 20 14 3 6 • ii' 3 16 44 2 U U 34 12 13 3 M S 14 5.9 6.1 50 16 1 1 A 7 17 13 2 2 5.3 14 30 2 1 5.9 6 2 1 13 3 U 4 5.9 4 13 30 30 4 3 1 1 3 4 .... ' 5.2 1 3 5 &2 1 1 1 3 s 6 1 3 11 B 4 3 8 4.0 1 6.6 3 1 19 1 6 1 4.8 6 4 .... 2 10 1 2 1 2 4 16 6 3 6 7 3 10 ■ s' 2 6 6 3 6 1 1 "i' "7 66 3 4 18 9 1 1 54 69 5.3 58 1 8 6 "3' 3 I 7 a 3 1 S.8 7 86 3 U 4 1 B 7 40 » 30 3 as' a as 3 4 » 14 54 1 a 5.6 1 t 8 17 8 3 2 17 6 36 "i a 23 1 41 3 6 36 32 12 I S.2 1 14 1 14 4 27 43 8 3 4 5.3 5.6 2 10 17 1 10 t S.S 6.2 6 8 12 ... 39 1 14 26 3 67 6S 20 107 S ..*. 1 S 238 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. T^rr ., * V.T7Q RFPRFSENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES T.B.. 111.-N0MENCLATUBE. DEAUNG WrrH^NA^^^^^^^^ ,,90-Continued. Downer ■• K":,:.^^' Downey, Douney, Dowency Downy Downing, Downen, Downend.... Downs, Douns, Down, Downe, Downes g^^^'^S^i^?^^.^e;gS^;Doy%Doyi:::::::; Drake, Drack, Dreack, Dreiek ■■ Draper Dreadon, Drayton Dresser, Dresher, Dresser Drew, Drue Drinkwater, Drinkworter • Driver -■•- Drown, Drownd, Drowne Drum, Drom, Droora Drummond, Drummon . . .^ i< ■.■;■„ Drury, Drewery, Drewry. Drurey, Drurye . g™g;i^SrBoisjS^,D^s.D;r6Si^Duboise,Dubos.Dab^ Ell^ri)ewSi^au;De;^i;"D^eii;buaii;;::::::::::-:^^ Dufl Dutfey, Duflee, Duffle, Duffy. Duffleld, Duileld^ Dufield..^.^^^. .^.^.^^^. .^.^^^^- ■^■^^^- D-gi^/iJuggins, Duging, Dugins. . Dugan, Doogan, Duke, Duk, Dukes a -,, -•■;-;• i Dul. Du Mont 'Damont; bemond,- bemont, DuMond, Dumond, Dumong, Dumont Dunaway, Donaway, Dunnenway, Dunneway, Dunway Dunkle.'bunc'kleVbungiU, Dunkel, DunkeU ■ Dunlap, Dunlop Dunn, Done, Dones, Dun, Dune Dunnavant, Dunaphant, Dunavant Dunnivant ..... ---■•■-•■ Dunning, Doning, Dunin, Dunmg, Dunnen, Dunnm, Dunnon gJIrnvSid^^D ™wSdre!'Senw-idie; Dinwedoe,- binwiddle; Dinwody; Dinwoody; -bunwiddee, Dunwid'dy. Dunwody, Dunwooddy Dupree, Depray, Deupree, Dupre.... - Durant, Durand, Durants, Duront, Dunant Durfee, Durfey . Durflee, Durfy DS&,''D"'um'Eearom,°DerhLVber^,-Do^^^ Durkee, Derkee, Durke, Durkey Duryeo, Deryea, Deyea, Duryea ...^ Dusenbury, Dosenberry, Dusenberry, Dusenbery, Duzenberry Dustin, Dustan, Duston Dutch er, Ducher ._ ■ ^ ^ tx ** Duttcro, Detterer, Dettro, Ditterer, Dudrow, Dutero, Dutterow Dutton, Duton, Duttcn, Duttin, Dutting - . . - - . - • - - •- ; . ■ ■ ■ Duvall Davalt, Deval, DevaU, Devalt, De Vaul, Devaul, DevauU, Devault, Devawl, Devol, Divail, Divol, Divoll, Duval, Du Vail, Duvalt, Duvol Dwight. 5.9 5.3 5.8 5.2 6.8 4.8 5.4 54 5.0 5,8 6.3 7.0 58 5.8 5.1 5.8 54 5.7 5.6 5.1 5 3 48 46 6.6 5,2 6.0 6.2 48 6.4 5.0 48 6.2 5.9 5.4 8.6 5.9 5.4 6.2 5.8 6.9 DwinneU", bwini, bwinalsrbwiiiei, Dwinell, Dwinelle, Dwinells, Dwinnel, Dwinnels, Dwin- nills, Dwynal - Dyckman, Dikeman, Dikman, Dykeman, Dykman Dye. Die, Digh, Duy, Dyes Dyer, Diar, Dier, Dire, Duyer, Dyar, Dyars, Dyre Dyson, Diason, Disins, Dison Eager, Eagar, Eger, Egir, Egirs, Igher Eagle, Eage!, Eagles, Egle, Igle Eames, Earns Earl, Earle, Earles, Earll, Earls, Erl, Erie Early, Earley - Earliest, Eamess, Eamist, Eamst, Ernest, Emise, Emist, Ernst Earp, Earpe Easley, Easely, Easly, Esley, Isley Eason, Easson, Esign East, Easte Easter, Easters, Eastir Easterbrook, Easterbrooks, Estabroks, Estabrook, Estabtooks, Esta Brooks, Esterbrooks, Estherbrooks Eastman, Easthman, Eastmon, Estman Easton, Easten, Eastern, Eastin, Easting, Esten, Eston, Estton Eastwood, Eastcn\-ood Eaton, p;aten, Eatton, Eton, Eton, Etton Ebcrlcy, Eberly. • Ebert, Eberts. Ebhart Ebv, Eaby, Ebi, Ebie Echols, Eccles, Ecels, Echolles, EchoUs, Eckle, Eckles, Eckols, Eichols, Ekel, Ekels Eckart, Earchart, Echart, Eckard, Eckert, Eckhard, Eckhart, Ecurt, Egbart, Eichart, Eickard; Eigcrt. Ekart, Ekert, Ekirt Eddins, Eddens, Eddin, Eddings, Edings, Edins, Iddings Eddy, Eadie, Eady, Edde, Eddey, Eddie, Edee, Edey, Edie, Edy Edelen. 35 43 142 178 21 58 271 108 21 49 119 17 44 33 20 18 78 99 27 227 53 25 29 20 68 73 18 22 26 24 24 121 249 189 14 148 272 17 96 30 HEADS OF FAMILIES. 172 187 676 743 101 221 1,197 471 85 236 636 102 213 158 82 87 341 469 123 929 226 94 104 112 241 367 93 83 134 96 90 609 1,210 826 106 732 1,199 88 459 176 Eden, Edens Edes, Eades, Eads, Beds — Edgar, Edger, Edgir, Edgo., 43 5.3 4.9 6.6 4.9 5.6 6.0 4 6 6.6 6.7 6.6 4.7 6.0 6.8 7.8 6.1 6.0 5.7 6.0 5.6 6.5 5.3 5.5 5.6 6,0 6.3 7.1 5.2 5.7 6.0 6.6 5.5 5.7 6.9 6.0 5.7 5.3 6.6 6.0 7.3 6.9 5.8 5.8 5.1 5.1 6.6 4.2 122 25 36 28 41 244 28 35 27 66 130 42 44 16 26 41 30 20 64 162 72 26 380 19 18 20 28 63 25 193 33 23 44 24 91 116 189 279 220 324 149 146 169 210 194 177 139 193 1,222 126 194 115 297 597 209 187 97 108 194 149 111 291 764 364 123 1,782 82 84 99 175 370 121 920 136 94 203 76 4 47 6 16 1 5 12 31 39 30 3 ... 1 7 3 18 55 5 33 51 23 10 25 8 28 20 13 26 118 38 16 1 6 6 12 1 1 "i 2 4 41 28 22 2 1 2 13 25 1 .... 5 I 11 10 1 Table 111. GENERAL TABLES. 239 -NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WTIITE PER.SONS BY STATFfi AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-Ccntinued ^^^'''^^^^' ^"^ ^^ATES Edge, Ege Edgerly... Edgcrton, Eagerston kagcrton, E(igarton,'Edgeiin,"F,d"giU)n,' Egcitin.'Ege'toii monscn, Edmonson, Edmonston, EdmonstonV, 'Edinundioii, Edmondson, Edmandson, Ed: Edmuiison Edsoii. Eadson, Edinson, Edison, Edisuin, Eidson " Edwards, Edwads, Edward, Edword, Edwords.. Eoghmy Egburt, E^'bcrt, Egberts, Egbcrtse, Egbjrd. Egleston hagleston Eaglestone, Eagleton, Eccleston, Eceiraton,' Egeislon,' Eggipson; Eggloston, Eto ^egieioa Tiggliston, Eglorton, Egleson, Eglestin, EgTestone; EiVoton, Elaleslon. Eider,"Ei'ders.'.'.' ;;;;;!! ;!;;;; ;;;;;;; Eldred Eldridge, Eldredge, Eldrig, Eldrige, Elridge. ElkiDs, Elkin, Elkings Ellcnwood, E lenwood, Ellengwood. Eliingivoort, Eliinwood Ellcr, Ela, Eler, Ellar, Ellers, liar, Iler, Uler. Uor. Ellioott, ElU.ott, Ellcott ElliiiKton, EUeuton, Ellinton Elliott Klet, Eliot, Eliott. EUet, Ellett, EUlatt, EUiot.'EUit.'ElVittVEYlot! Eilou'. EUyot Ellis, hlrs, I'.Iies, Elis. Kllc-s. Kllico, Elllse ■" EUison, Ell(>rson, Ellislon. Kllyson ] Elmendorph. Elmpndorf, I'.lini'ndorfl !!!!!!!!!!!!.!!! Elmoro, Ellimore, Ellmoro, Elmor, Elmoure, EJjmore Elsworth, lOlesworth, Ellsworth Eiwpii, Eiiweii, Eiiwiii, Eiwpi, Eiwii i!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!; Elwood, Ellwood Ely, Ealey, Ealy, Elcy, Eli, Elly "'■'.'.^'^"'.'.'.'.'.'.'.""[[[[[[[[""[l"]" Emerson, Embcrson, Emeson, Emison, Emmorsen, Emmerson, Emrson !.!!!!!. Emery, Emeary, Emmerie, Emmery, Emmory, Emmry, Emory, Emrcy, Emry. Imry Emcs, Enimcs Emmit, Emet, Emit, Emmet, Emmitt, Emott !!.!!!!.!!!!!!!!.!!.!!.!..."!!!!!!! Emmons, Eaman, Emens, Emmans, Emmins, Emmonds, Emends, Emona...!!!!!!!!!! Emrich, Eiiierick, Emmerich, Emric, Emrick E ngland, 1 n^land English, ingiish !!!!!!!!!.!!.!.!!.!!."!! Ennis, Eanis, Enes, Eness, Enis, Ennice, Enniss, Ennist ']!!!!!!!!!.!!!!!!!!! Enochs, Enoch, Enock, Enox Enos, Eanos, Eno, Enus !.!!!!!!!!!!*!!* Ensign. Epps, Epos, Eppes, Eps Erb Erhart, Earhart, Earheart, Ehart, Ehrhart, Erehard, Erehart, Etbntdi.. '.'.'.'.'.'.. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Eshelman, Eshleman Essex, Essack, Esseek, Esscick, Esslck Ester. Esters, Esther. Esthers. Estor Estes, Easte-s, Eastis, Estas, Estees, Estts Esty, Eastev, Eastv, Estee, Estey Ethorldge, fcatheridge. Etherage, Etheredge, Etherege, Etbiredge, Ethridge,EtJldge, Ettrldge. Eubank Enhanks, Ewbank Evans, Eavans, Eavens. Eavins, Evan, Evanso, Evens, Evians, Evins, Ivens, Ivlns Everhart. Everhard. E verheart Everltt, Evaritt, Everat, Everatt, Everet, Everett, Everetts, Everit, Everlte, Everrett, Evert, Everts, Evirett, Evret, Evrltt Everly, Eveleigh, Eveley, Evely, Everley, Eversley Eversole. Everson, Everston, E visten Eves. Eave. Eaves, Eve, Evegh Evetts, Evet, Eveth, Evets, Evett, Evlt, Evlts, Evltts. Ewoll, Ewel Ewers, Euers, Ewer Ewlng, Ewen, Ewin, EwUige, Ewlngs, Ewlns Pagan. Fagen. Fagin, Faglns, Feagan, Feagins, Fegan, Fegean, Phagan Fair, Fairs. Fare Fairbanks. Falrbank, Farbanks, Farebank, Farebanks, Ferbanks, FIrbanks, Purbanla. Fairehild. P'airehield, Falrchllds, Foarechlles Falrcloth , Fairfield, Falrfeld, Farefleld, Farfleld. Fales. Fail, Faile Fall, Falls. Fanning, Faning. Fannan, Fannin, Fannon Farley. Fareley, Farlee. Farly Farmer, Farniar, Farmor Farnham. Farnara. Farnum. Famume. Fernam Farnsworth. Farmsworth, Farnswort, Fawnsworth. Farr, Far. Farrar, Farer. Fariar. Farrer. Farrier, Farrior, Farror Farreil, Farall. Farell. Farral. Farrall, Farrel, Pharrell Farrington. Farington. Ferrington Farrow, Fara. Farra. Farrah. Farree, Farro Farwell, Fairwell. Farewel. F^areweil Fassett. Fas.sat, Passet, Fassitt Faulkner, Falconer, Falkener, Falkenur, Falkemr, Fallcner, Faukner, Faulconer, Faulkener, Folkner, Folknor, Forkenor, Forkner Faxmce, Fauns Fawcett, Faucett.Faucit, Fauset. Fausett, Fausset, Fawsett Faxon, Faxen, Faxin, Faxson, Faiton Fay, Favs Fell, Fells Fellows. Fellow Felt, Feltch, Felteh, Felts, Felt! 5.7 5.S i* S.8 S.2 S.9 £.6 8.0 4.5 6.0 6.1 5.7 6.3 6.7 5.9 51 fi.9 10.2 6.7 5.6 5 7 5 5.0 4.9 5.5 5 4 6.6 6.2 5.8 5 6 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.8 0.8 5.2 6.2 6.3 6.0 6.9 6.0 5.4 6.4 7.0 7.3 6.1 5.2 6.0 6.« 5 4.5 5.4 A.O 4.7 11.0 5.1 5.7 6.3 5.4 7.1 5.2 4.9 6.1 5 8 6.6 6.5 6.2 7.0 5.1 5.1 6.5 6.5 5.7 5.5 A. 4 5 2 5.4 5.6 4.9 6.1 7.0 5 8 58 4.4 6.5 6.4 7.1 5.6 6.8 74 503 14 25 87 18 92 29 147 57 26 42 10 22 469 641 82 22 76 93 66 17 145 207 200 24 22 79 31 35 79 31 23 45 28 22 20 26 17 15 17 61 26 90 25 28 110 104 21 36 44 28 46 6.S 136 127 72 67 77 22 80 48 55 29 122 19 23 20 88 37 104 41 84 134 221 476 261 362 2,058 08 438 92 432 154 694 279 102 204 92 125 2,164 2,635 330 87 300 409 244 96 760 991 910 103 97 346 160 203 330 160 121 226 166 110 116 141 102 96 86 268 101 417 101 3,126 170 ,021 81 210 81 80 181 128 86 606 116 144 674 473 05 181 264 126 186 318 616 598 325 364 324 96 363 186 282 174 91 79 100 476 224 477 195 BSAM or VAimiBS. 10 64 14 11 1 3 16 21 20 33 33 I 49 3 6 78 6 12 24 1 6 10 20 8 ' 41 13 , 26 7 : 9 24 3 34 S 9 ' 18 7 3 30 1 13 ...I 18 16 54 1 8 4 2 1 4 48 73 14 22 27 'i' 39 4 1 3 1 ... S 1 80 40 22 I... 22 18 24 3 37 ' ... 10 8 24 2 22 30 21 9 19 S II 3 18 14 13 6 3 48 240 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. T.BLE 111 -NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790— Continued. , o i TOTAL. HEADS OF FAMILIES. NAME. o 1 w a a o 5 6 ■1 6 1 1 a J B i •6 1 1 1 s 1 16 1 OS 'i > a a 1 4 3 6 11 i 1 1 3 1 2 2 a > a u 1 a 1 OQ Felttr / 6.6 5.2 5.5 5.9 5.0 5.7 5.3 5.6 5.4 6.6 6.0 5.9 6.8 6.1 6.2 6.1 5.8 5.1 5.5 5.7 5.0 5.2 5.8 6.0 5.4 6.1 5.6 5.9 5.6 6.1 5.9 5.5 5.4 5.0 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.9 5.6 6.1 5.8 5.6 4.4 6.1 4.8 6.8 6 C.4 5.5 5.5 6.5 5.2 5.4 5.3 6.3 5.8 5.7 6.1 6.3 5.8 5.7 6.8 6.9 6.2 4.6 5.3 6.6 5.4 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.5 6.9 6.0 5.6 5.6 4.S 5.7 5.7 5.1 6.6 6.6 6.1 18 63 26 40 62 40 20 324 65 49 170 65 29 18 339 20 21 50 23 29 27 24 131 52 111 40 129 222 670 189 191 52 71 39 23 91 40 71 24 20 186 240 43 134 43 100 91 16 53 72 22 62 129 34 28 73 28 33 174 112 383 19 16 92 84 41 45 53 23 91 830 64 30 35 447 323 32 19 46 137 77 189 22 100 224 117 197 249 186 86 1,494 289 272 857 321 168 91 1,761 101 101 204 102 135 107 100 623 262 489 202 587 1.092 2,626 954 943 232 311 154 108 409 178 346 111 81 887 1,094 145 683 163 480 363 86 240 325 120 261 561 148 147 353 131 168 917 535 1,802 91 95 479 299 175 207 230 95 391 3,771 245 148 140 2, 061 1,476 121 89 211 562 347 870 111 Felton, Feltin 1 "4' "5' 38 10 3 3 3 27 1 3 29 8 2 18 28 10 6 3 ?, Ferguson/Fargiirson, Fargusen, Farguson, Farguhaison, Fergason, Fergerson. Ferpison, Fer- gueson, Fergusson, Forgason. Forgerson. Forgeson. Forgison, Forgason, Fiirgason, Furgerson, 7 7 3 3 6 8 1 1 16 1 2 7 23 24 1 4 1 4 40 11 1 71 2 61 4 65 5 10 11 24 55 9 1 13 60 32 27 ? Ferrin.'rarran, Farrand, Farren, Farron, Ferran, Fenand, Ferren, Ferrend, Ferring, Ferrins, 8 1 12 1 Ferris. Faires, Fains, Fairiss, Fans, Fariss, Farras, Fames, Farris, Farrise, Farrist, Fearis, 12 1 13 1 2 1 2 36 15 29 1 22 1 3 TiplH Fp-i1H«5 Fpild Fpiiri*; Fialds Fielder Fields 15 18 28 79 2 3 23 26 5 10 38 "2 20 7 "2 "5" 3 45 1 6 1 3 1 7 1 15 15 2 8 7 26 53 3 23 7 189 5 6 6 18 8 14 4 .... 3 5 10 f Filf FilpQ Filk Fik 3 'se' 17 3 s 5 29 61 12 26 1 7 3 2 2 3 2 1 14 12 6 9 17 2 5 Fillpv Filpv Fitlv Phili 16 30 2 6 15 16 38 9 13 86 2 2 Pinch 3 2 3 2 2 4 6 4 1 5 55 11 1 7 5 7 '33' 11 2 13 1 6 6 40 1 3 3 5 6 4 4 4 Fint Finpk 2 2 3 8 16 25 17 18 3 It 1 Finnpr Finpv Finnp Finnie Finnv Phinev Phinnev. Phinny .. 16 7 10 3 7 7 6 2 3 27 19 6 4 4 38 85 106 101 34 21 4 25 1? 1 1 Fi<;h Firh ' 1 9 1 3 2 12 4 1 1 11 12 2 1 9 1 ? Fitzgerald, Fichgerrel, Fitchgearald, Fitchgerrel, Fitsgarrel, Fitsgerald, Fitsgerel, Fitsgorrel, Fitsjarald, Fitsjerald, Fitts Gerald, Fitzarrell, FitzgaraUl, Fitzgarrold. Fitzgearld, Fitzgeral, Fitz Gerald, Fitzgerrald, Fitz Gerrald, Fitzgerrel, Fitzgerrold, Fitzjairald, Fitzjarald, Fitz- jerald .- ■; 6 1 59 Flagg Flag, Flogg . 3 10 8 1 5 '> Flanagan, Flanaghan. Flanagin, Flanakin, Flanegan, Flanigan, Flanigin, Flanikin, Flarmagan, Flanna'^in Flaunegan. Fiannegeu, Flarmegon, Flanningham 10 2 13 11 ^ 2 60 2 3 1 2 7 81 3 51 11 10 15 Fleck , Flaake, Flake, Fleak 1 2 4 21 15 5 4 4 4 6 4 "> Fleet ...... Fleming, Fleeming, Fleman, Fleraans, Flemen, Flemin, Flemmin, Flemming, Flemmings, Flemmon, Flemon, Flemons, Flemyng, Fliming, Floraing, Fluming . 1 23 2 7 5 '33' 1 14 11 3 17 "7' 1 2 66 19 5 1 3 26 3 4 3 17 11 4 6 3 9 6 36 20 6 6 5 27 27 5 4 1 ■>? Fletcher, Flecher, Flitcher. 9 2 19 6 Flinn, Flin, FIvn, Flvnn, PUyn fi Flint, FIvnt 3 Flood. Flod, Flud 5 7 5 11 Flovd, Fflovd, Floid, Floyde 4 6 2 33 25 Flv, Phlv Fobes, Forbis, Forbus 1 34 1 21 1 14 3 2 4 Fogg 1 Fogle, Fogal, Fogel, Foghel 11 61 9 2 2 Folger, Folgor, Foulger 61 8 6 2 3 33 1 23 Folk, Faulk, Faulks, Fawkes, Fawlkes, Foalks, Foike, Folks, Foulk, Foulke, Foulks, Fowke, Fowikes 4 Follet, Follett 3 "7" 11 6 62 5 1 1 7 18 1 1 5 1 Follinsbe, Fallansbe, Fallenshee, Folansbee, Folemsby, Folensbee, Folensby, FoUambe, Fol- lansbe, Follenshee, FoIIinsbee Folsom, Falsom, Folsome, Folsum 2 3 Foltz. Foils 6 31 IB 10 32 14 14 1 14 13 26 2 3 20 7 2 16 1 1 4 4 75 4 Fonda, Fonnada Foot, Foote, Fout, Fouts, Foutz 4 1 18 6 1 13 13 5 7 1 23 31 56 "i' 77 14 60 1 2 32 15 30 23 1 3 17 13 8 7 26 Forbes, Forbs Ford, Foard, Foord, Foords, Forde, Fordes, Fords, Fourd Fordhara, Fordam, Fordom, Foredom 1 Fore, Foore '26' 6 16 4 1 8 15 29 3 4 1 2 Forpman, Foremon, Forman, Fourman 17 3 1 8 20 2 1 Forrest, Forest, Forist, Forress, Forriss, Forust 5 3 9 2 1 1 12 9 Forrister, Forester, Forister, Forrester, Forristor 1 1 Forsythe,Foresyth,Forsaith,Forscyth, Forseyth, Forslght, Forsith, Forslthe, Forsyth, Forsythes. 4 1 Fort, Fourt > J > ^ 3 Fosdick, Fosdike 2 31 45 4 7 Foss, Fose 68 50 1 68 ie' 2 30 84 3 16 28 27 33 8 1 40 14 Foster, Farster, Faustar, Fauster, Forster, Fosster, Fosters, Fostor 32 2 265 20 35 2 82 9 105 8 51 10 6 37 Fountain, Fontaine, Fontaines, Fountaine, Fouutln, Founton 5 Foust, Foost S Fowle, Fowl, Fowles, Fowls 3 13 6 10 1 27 16 4 1 10 10 25 72 20 4 1 21 1 1 63 73 'sh' 39 1 1 7 9 13 10 1 46' 26 2 1 1 8 5 31 1 22 20 3 "s 15 5 42 Fowler, Fauler, Fouler, Fowlar, Fowlers 28 20 3 1 Fox Q Fov, Fove 2 Frame, Fraira, Frain France, Franch 1 7 Francis, Frances. Francies, Franciss, Franses, Frauncis. 1 3 25 4 9 18 2 "19' 31 1 7 1 6 8 24 1 Q Frank, Franob. Franck. Franke, Franks Franklin, Franklin^'. Iranklvn 9 2 24 Frary, Frairey, Frara, Frarey Table 111.- GENERAL TABLES. 041 Frate, Frate, Fratts Frazicr Frafsor, Frakoi-; FraisylVrVFralzcr; Frii^c'rVFiush'erV FVi)"hleV,FniiiOT ' Fraslor' Ftiaun Brasvlor Fraysor Frayjipr. Frazair, Frazer, Fnuir, Frajlre, p^/^/ ""'"•»■ ™>">'' •■ """f*- Frpderlck, Fraienrick, Fri-dcric, Fredrick Free Frpeland, Frcclan, Frcland ...\\....\\....[ Fropinan, Freomon, Frenian [ Fri'cze, F'rca.sc, Frees, Frccso French , Frenleh '/' Frcrc, Freear, Freer Frick. Frlcke, Frlcks V.'.'. Friend, Freind, Frend Frink '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ' FrLslile. Frisbe, Frisbec, Frisbcy, Frisb v Fritz, Frit, Frits Frizell. Frisell. FrIsscI, FrisseU, Fritel, FrizzeiyFrizielY/Friizlo Frost, Fraust, Frostt Frothlneliam Fry. Frey. Frve, Phrv i!!!!!!!!!!!! Fryer, Frair, Frairs, Freacr, Frear, Frcycr, Frrar/FricV/iVyar,' Fryers." Frvor"' Fiilford • ' • J f J ■ Fuller. Fullar, Fullear, Fullicr '.'.'. Fullcrton Fulmer, Fullmer, Fulmore, Fulncr... Fulton, Fiillloii, Fallen, Fultin ."!!.'!!!."." Funk. Funck ] Furber. Ferber, Ferebee, Furbur !!!!!!.!!!!.!! Fu r h u s h .".!!!!!.!.!!.!' Furman, Fureman !."*.*.'.".'."".".'.' Furnald, Fernald, Fernalld, Furnal. Furnall... ........'.'..'.'.'.'.".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Fumass, Furnaie. Furness, Fumis, Furnish, Funilss Futrill, Futrall Cable, Cahhel. Gabble, Gabel Ga'Idis, Gaddes, Gaddice, Gadis, Geddes, Geddis, Qedis. GaKB. Gains, Gain, Gaine, Gaines, Ganes, Geans.. Gale, Gael, Gall, Gale.s, Gayle, Gavles !!'.!!".!'!!!'"! Oallaher, Galaher. Galeher, Galleher, Gallehew, Galiilier, OalioW/Oelaher, Oolliar, Oollerber Oolliher, Gollihor Gallop, Oallep, Gallup, Galop ]"l"\.\\.[.. ..'......'.'.'.. ". Galloway, Oalaway, Galiway, Gallaway, Galleway, Oalliway, Oaliowary, Qailoway, dalway, Golawav Gal pin, Gulpen. Galphin '/.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.','.'.'.'.'.'.'.' Galusha, tiallusha, !hee. Golcshir, Gullshau !..!.!!!!!!..!!!!..!!.".!!!! Gamble, Gamliall. Gamhel. Gambell, Gambol, Gimbold .....'...'....... Gammon, Gamman, Gammons, Gamon. Ga\-man. Gebraan, Geiman, Gimman, Oiimans, Ovmcin. Gant. Gants, Oantt, Gantz. Gaunis. Gent. Gontz... ' Gardner, Gadner, Gardeneer, Gardener, Gardenor, Oardlnecr, Gardiner, Gurdiners, Gardnier, Gardnir, Gardnor, Gardn', Gartiuer, Gartner, Guardner Gar¥v, Gairev, Gairv, Garrv, Gary Garneld, Galieild, G'ameid.Gamil, Garfeild, Gearficld, GolTield '. Garland, Garlaiil, Garlind Oarlock, Garlach, Garleck, Garlic, Oarlick, Gerlach Gamer, Garnar, Gamier, Garaur Garnett, Garnet Garrett. GareK, Garit, Garrat, Garratt, Garret. Garrit, Garrot, Carroll, Gerrit, Gerritt. Garrison, Garlson, Garisson, Garitson, Garr«tson, Garretl.son, Garrlsson, Garrit^oD, Gerison, Gerrison, Gerritson Garvin, Garven Gasklns, Gasken, Gaskin, Gaskjcg, Gaskings, Gaskinn, Geskin, Geskins Gaston, Gasten, Gastin, Oesting, Oostio, Gusten, Gustin, Gustlon, Guston Gates, Gaites, Gate G atewood , Gat wood Gather, Gaither, Gathe, Gathir .' GallinK, Gatlen, Gatlin Gauli, Gald, Gait, Golt ; Gavit, Gavett, Gavitt, Govett, Govit Gay Oaylor, Gailer, Galler, Gallow, Galor, Oayler, Gcaler, Gellor, Goylor, Guellow Gavlord, Gallard, Gailerd, Gaillard, Galard, Gallard, aalliard, Gallode, Gallord, Oaylard, Gllard, ; (iillard, Gllliard ' Geary, Gcrrv, Gery, Guerry Gebbart, Oibbart, Glbliet, Gibbut, Gibert Geo, Gea, Gehe Geer, Gear, Gears, Geers, Gehr, Geir, Geirs, Gier. Giers Gei^er, Geigar, Gieger, Gigar, Giger, Oigher, Guiger, Gyger, Gyglr, Oygor , Gentry, Gentrey George, Georg, Georges, Jorge Gerhart, Garebart, (^.earhart, Gearhert, Geerlieart, Gebrbart German, Gennain, Germaine, Germen Gcrrard, Garrard. Georid, Gerard, Gerhard, Gorod, Gerrad, Gerred, Geuranl, Glmrd, Qlreud, Giroud, Guerard Gerrish, Garish, Garrish, Gerish ■ Getty, Gatles. Galtis, Gettes, Gettess, Gcttoys, Octtis, Gottys Geyer, G u ver, G j-er • • • • ; Gibbons, Gibans, Giblwns, Gibbins, Gibbions, Gibbon, OibooDS, Oibcmo, Oiblos Oibl)s, Gib, Oibb, Gibbes, Oilxs, Gibs Gibson, Gibsons Olddlngs, Giiidig, Gidlngs, Giltings, Gittins Gideons, Gediou, Giddcons, Gideon, Gidion, Gidions Gillin,'GitTcn, Giifens.Glfhiis.. Gillord, Giflard, Giflords 7.0 4.9 0.« ».7 CI S.O t.S fi.5 SO i.S i.i S. 1 S.S 8.9 S.S S. 7 6.1 6.0 S.S 0.2 8. A 4.S 0.2 8.7 6.2 0.2 S.S S.7 5.4 S.S S.l S.S 4.8 6.0 8.7 0.1 5.2 0.2 54 50 09 54 57 8.1 50 57 54 58 5 5 S.4 56 59 54 59 &4 6.0 5.7 &3 50 0.0 6.1 &0 8.1 6.2 4.7 &2 52 50 6.7 a2 57 6i2 &6 52 6. 'J s.:i 8.S 6. 1 S. -t 8.7 8.8 7.1. 0.1 6.0 0.4 200 61 18 32 394 34 4«8 86 20 36 61 74 34 36 237 27 231 61 20 880 43 38 92 70 20 42 33 03 21 21 23 28 124 70 104 34 74 09 20 17 70 44 82 43 3S 70 26 107 25 163 119 23 64 03 260 24 30 32 33 23 148 32 74 48 18 44 92 42 31 240 27 38 787 301 84 104 1,798 ;.'i2 2,180 287 98 176 268 333 107 101 124 i:<8 l,l.'iS 231 103 2,KS6 162 loe 430 3i'>5 IM 190 ISO 276 101 86 104 94 024 300 143 385 91 100 307 208 213 201 163 343 119 497 109 749 688 101 202 277 ,242 113 164 128 184 118 731 131 382 179 94 IS5 461 197 ' it» : 1,116 ' 140 ITIJ 146 I 113 7S3 UEAIU or rAMIUEx. 80 ;.,! u 1 2,-. ^? ■ ,r '."' ■.'^ ii' 43 .... 13 6 10 II 1 1 2 1 "a 3 . 1 . 1 , 13 17 14 3 3 1 6 80 1 8 . 15 84 3 40 2 ' If 1 2 27 12s 2 a 1 ai.... 6 ' 70 ' 13 II 17 IS 1 in ... ■2 1 a H 1 4 i 1 i 3 6 a 7 io 3 7 s 13 1 at I 4 16 5 19 3 10 8 9 IS a 1 s a 2 2 .'4 00 242 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 111.— NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790— Continued. Gilbert. Gilbart, Gilberts, Gilbirt Gilbreath, Gailbraith, Galbraeth, Galbraith, Galbreath, Gilbraith, Gilbreth, Gillbreath, Gill- breth. Gulbreath Gilchrist, Gelchrist, Gilchrest, Gilchriston, Gilchrust, Gilcrest, Gilcrist, GUIchriest, Gillchrist. . Gildersleave, Gilderslave, Gilderslea, Gildersleaves, Gildersleeve, Gildersleeves, Gildersleve, Gildensleaf. Giles, Gile, Jiles Gilford. Gill/ord, Guilford, Gulliford Gill. Gills, Guil, Guild, Guill GUleland, Gellelan, Gileland, GiUalan, Gillaland, GiUelan, Gillelin, Gillerland, Giiliian, GiUi- land, Gillilen, Gillilin, GiUilins, Gillilon Gillet, Gillat, Gillett, Gillit, Gillitt, Jcllet, JiUet, JilUtt. Gilliam. Gilham, Gillam, Gillham, Gillim, Gillom, Gillum, Guiliams... Gillis, Gillies. Guillis '..'.'.'.'.'.'. GiUispie, Galaspey, Galaspie, Galaspv, Galespe, Galespev, Gaiisba, GaUaspie, Gailespie, Gel- aspey, Gelaspy, Gellaspie. Gellaspy, Gellespee. Gellespie, Gilasby, Gilaspey, Gilaspy, Gil- espie, GiUasby, Gillaspey, Gillaspie, GiUaspy, Gillesby, Gillespey, Gillespie, G'illespv, Gillispi, Gillospy , Glaspy , Golaspee ' Gilman, GilLman, Gilmon Gilmore. Gillmoore. Oillmor, Gillmore, Gilmer, Giliuor, Giimour Gil Patrick, Gelpatriek, Gillpatrick, Gilpatrick Gilson, Gillson Ginn, G in, Gyn, Gynn "[[[[[[[]]'.[ Gipson Gist, Geist, Gesst, Gest, Gests, Gevst, Guest, Guist. Gitchel, Gatchall, Gatchel, Gatchell, Getchell, Gitcbell, Gotchiej. Gutchel Givens, Oavan, Gaven, Gavin, GavinR, Gavon. Geven, Gevin, Civan, Givans, Given, GiVenn Givin, Givms, Given. Givons. Givvins, Govan, Guivens Gladding, Gladden, Gladdin, Gladdon, Gladen, Glading, Gl'edden, Gloding Glasgow, Glaseo. Glascoe, Glascow, Glasgo, Glassco, Glasseow Glass, Glas, Gloss Glazier. Glaizer, Glaser, Glasher, ciasier, Glasser,' GJazer," Glisser," Gloshcr G eason. Glason, Gloasson, Gleazen, Gleazon, Gleeson, Gleson, Glesson, Glezen,"diezon Glenn, Glen, Gleyn, Glinn, Glins, Glynn... Olidden, Gliddon, Gliden, Glidon.. . . Glover Goddard, Godard, Goddart, Godderd, GodWd, Goodard.Gdodhard,' Goodhart," Goodheart ' ' ' Godfrey, Godferey, Godfree. Godfry, Goodferrey, Goodfrey Godin, Godden, Goddin, Godding Godshall, Godshal, Godshalk, Godshalt, Godsheli, Goodshui. gTs^G "'*"''*' °*"°"' ^''''"' ^''"^'' '^'<=""' GiUott, Gollatt, Guilatt, Guliet,' Gullit'. Goa, Gaaff, GaS, Gaft, Gaufl, Gaugh, Gawf, Goafl, Goffe, Goft, Goph, Gough, Goughf Going, Goan, Ooans, Goin, Goings, Goins, Goinz ' i- - 6>""us"'.. Gold, Goald,Gole. Golding, Gilden, Golden, Gol'din,' Goidon.Gouiding Goldsmith Gooch . Goueh Good, Goode, Goods Goodale, Godall, Goodall. Goodals.Goodei. Goodeli" '" Gooden. Goodan, Goodhan, Goodin, Gooding Goodenow, Goodenough, Goodino, Goodner, Goodnow' Goodhue. joodman, Goodmon . . Ooodsell, Goodsale, Goodsali," GoodVei; Goodsiie," Goodsiil Ooodson joodspeed, Goodspead Goodwin, Godwin, Goodwine,' Goodwinn," Goodwyn Gore, Goar, Goare Gorham, Ghoram, Ghorum, Goram, Goreham Gorman, Garman, Garmin, Garmon, Gormon Gorsuch. Garsoeh Goslin, Gaslin, Gauslin', GauslingV GooslinVGosline', Gosling', Gossitai" " Goss, Oaus, Gause, Gaws, Ghoss, Gosse , ^ "^ime, uossimg.. Gotfoof '^'"''' '^'^''"'"' '^'^"'■' '5»^<"' «ossit,"GossitV,Guset.';;;;:::: Gouw';'G'lor5oSdrG'juP"'^'''''°''''^*^''^^^^^^^^^ Gove, " Gowen, Gouen, Gotj'n,' Giwan", Gowin; Goiirtng.GowiiV Gozzard, Gasserd, Gossart ^y«ia Gr^y, Gmdey .';'^''. ".'^"''' °''^'"^' '^''''^'' '°"^- «'^^^' «'«=' «««« :;:::::;::::::::: Graff", Graefl, Graf, Graffe; GrauV; Oreaf,' Greaff Grafton _ _ . Gragg, Grag, Graig, Graige,' Greego Gr^^^am, Grahame, Grahams, Grahms. Grmne,- Grames; G-rayham; Gmyhams; Greh-ani,- Greyl- Grandy, Grandee Granger, Grainger, Graneger, Grenger Granis, Graniss, Orannis. . Grant, Grante, Grants G rani ham, G ran turn . . ofa;"1iS:G?;:^'^^^''^='^'''°'"™^'^'^'^^-«rteVes:;::;::::::- ^gS^'!^'"^' "^^"'.^':"': °^^^'^: ^^yW'' G^^bble; Greblii;-Grible;-Gr;=ybiu; Grobii.;- ^(^'ii^^:^^:'!^:^:^^^:^^- 6.7 5.9 5.0 5.3 5.5 S.G 5.7 5.8 5.G 4.9 5.3 5.8 5.6 6.3 5.2 6.0 5.5 6.1 6.0 5.6 5.9 5.0 6.4 5.2 6.0 5.2 8.1 5.6 5.7 5.2 5.3 6.1 6.9 6.1 5.6 5.8 4.9 6.7 5.7 5.4 6.2 5.9 5.4 6.6 6.3 5.6 5.9 4.9 5.6 6.0 6.7 6.9 5.6 6.5 5.0 5.0 6.0 4.8 5.7 5.6 6.6 5.5 6.6 6.6 6.6 5.4 5.5 6.2 6.0 5.3 6.2 5.4 5.3 5.1 6.2 5.6 4.9 5.3 5.7 6.5 6.4 5.6 424 57 47 28 107 28 199 156 64 32 120 159 160 22 52 IS 24 45 55 73 45 32 81 38 114 116 29 156 91 142 22 30 15 27 130 35 46 66 62 38 131 131 50 72 56 101 244 26 21 34 427 18 270 228 112 465 127 917 226 745 290 126 397 63 87 40 28 30 80 19 29 24 342 52 54 19 53 17 38 21 47 327 24 84 19 305 21 346 668 515 756 688 117 220 90 107 229 275 339 221 127 3.52 161 567 484 206 721 427 694 94 153 88 139 594 169 180 377 292 167 676 638 219 333 240 462 1,196 101 97 165 1,998 89 1,811 349 344 168 140 115 378 88 133 108 1,537 293 247 84 236 89 188 91 244 1,430 102 343 99 1,399 82 1,491 3,130 35 193 52 281 1,205 5,569 HEADS OF FAMILIES. 33 24 67 13 13 58 25 14 14 2 1 18 7 69 3 24 11 57 1 2 15 I 24 30 61 17 4 1 I 22 19 43 62 10 9 60 1 14 1 32 ,---- 27 4 1 8 I 2 _ 45 212 152 ' 72 186 ' 81 ' 95 87 13 16 1 17 97 66 14 11 33 29 40 95 10 2 12 2 14 4 4 5 1 28 24 4 10 1 8 6 3 5 2 ii 2 1 35 4 51 14 9 3 '2 i 43 '4 26 i? 50 137 ' 62 GENERAL TABLES. 243 Table 1 1 1.— NOMENCLATURE, DEALIxNG WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-Continued. Grecnfipid, G recnfeild Greenleaf, Grcanloaf, Greanlief, Grooleaf, Grrcnliof Greenoiiph, (Jreoncu, Grocnhaugh, Grecnhoo. Greenhow, Grpeno, Greno, Grenough Greenwpll, Graniwolt, Grecnawalt, Grecnewall, Grecnewalt, Grecniwolt, Greenwall, Oreenwalt, Grenewalt, Grenwcll Greenwood, Greenwod Greer, Grear, Greere, Greir, Grcre, Griar, Grier Gregory, Gragary, Greegory, Gregary, Greggery, Greggory, Oregorey, Gregrey, Origgery, Grig- gory, Grigory, Grigrey, Grgory Grice, Gryce Gridley. Griirm, Oriflan, Griflen, Grifltog, Griffins, Griffn, Griflng CrllBs, Grifles, Grifflss Griflith.Oreflcth, Grifeth, Grifleth, Orifleths, Griflllhs, Grifflts, Griffith, Grifltb, Griflths GriKKs. Greg, Gregg, Greggs, Gregs, Greigs, Grig, Grigg, Grigs Grim , G rimm , G rims Grimes, Glirimes, (irihams, Grrmes Grlndall, Grandoll, Gnndcll, Orindel, Grindle Grinman, Greenman, Grinmon, Grinnum, Gronman, Grunman Grinnell, GreeniH, Orenai, Grenell, Grinai. Grinall, Grineil, Grinnall. Grinnel, GrlBiiol, Grunnel. Grisliam, Grissam, Grissham. (irissom, Grissum Griswold, Greswold, Griswald, Griswall, Griswell, Griswould Groat. G rocsbeck, Grossbeck, Grouisbeck, Grusbeck GroIT, G rofe, GroITo, Groof Groom . Groome, G roomos, G rooms, Grumes Gross, Groase, Groce, Gros, Grose. Grosse Grosvtnor, Grossvenor, Orosvener, Grovener, Grovcnor, Grovner Grout, Groot, Groti, Grouts, Grut Grove, G roves, G rovs Grover, G roover, Grovier Grow, Groh, Grows, Growso Grubb, Groobs, Grub, Grubbs, Grubs Gruber, Graber, Greber. Greeber Gubtaif, Gabtale, Gulitale Guernsey, Oarnsev, Gamsy, Guensey, Guimscy, Gumsey, Gunisway Guile, Glehl, Gilial, Guiles, Guyle Guion, Gion, Guing, Guyon, GyoD Gulley, Gooly, Gully G unn .Gun, Ounce, Guns Gunler. Gonter Gurley, Girley, Gourley, Gourly, Ourly Gumev, Guemev, Gumee Guthrie, Gooterie, Gntbirev, Gutherle, Guther>-, Guthired. Guthre. fiuthrey. Guthry, Qutorey, Gutree Gutrie, Giitroe, (lutrv, Gutterv, Guttlierv. fiuttree, Gultrey, Oultrie Gutridce, Gutheridge, Gutliridge, Gutrage, Gutridg, Gutterage, Giilterige, Guttridge Gu v. G ie , G uay , Guiy Guvton, Gathen. Gathin, Gathings. Gatoing, Gallon, Gayton Gwin, Goowin, Gucin, Guin, Guinn, Guyn, Guynn, Gwecn, Gwinn, Gwins, Owyn, Gwync, G wynn, G wynne Haeket. Haoate. Ilackett ITaekney, Haknev ••••• Ha'l, Ilaso, Hay, Haye/HayesVHayse,' Haze! Hey.' Meyes'' Hayward, Ilaward. Hpywad, Heyward. •''•'' ' ji-^oj-^- Haywood, Hawood, IlcVwood Hazard, Hassard, Hasza'rd, Hazzard Hazen, Hayson, Hazens, Hazon, Hazzen Hazic, Havsles, Hazel, Hazcll Hazlet, Haslet, Haslett, Hazelet, Haziett, Heslet,"HVsii't.".' Head, Heads Heald, Heal, Heel '.".;'. Hearii, Heame, Hern, Hynie Heath, Heathe, Heth Heaton, Heateu [ Hedges, Hedge ] Heist, Heiss, Hise, Hist, Hyst Heller, Heler, Hellor, Hellyer. HelUIe?"'^'"^' "^"'""' "''"'""=• Hellims, Helirns.Helliu^isVHelme", Hetoe^.Heimn; iiitas." 6.4 5.2 6.0 7.2 5.3 5.5 5.3 6.0 6.1 5.3 5.7 5.6 5.8 5.7 6.0 5.7 6.1 5.2 5.5 6.3 6.2 6.1 5.8 5.6 6.5 5.8 4.3 5.8 5.5 5.2 5.7 5.6 5.3 5.7 6.3 5.4 6.7 5.4 5.9 6.6 6.0 5.6 5.3 6.3 6.4 6.0 6.2 5.7 5.2 5.6 5.7 5.1 6.0 6.2 4.5 5.7 5.0 6.8 6.1 5.5 5.8 5.7 6.6 5.7 6.0 6.1 5.6 5.5 6.6 5.8 5.1 5.6 6.2 5.9 6.0 5.3 6.3 5.7 6.4 5.8 5.2 5.9 5.8 5.0 5.4 6.1 5.7 5.0 7.0 5.4 6.5 32 126 24 17 20 22 120 29 21 20 18 318 27 20 25 199 116 53 19 30 22 49 61 185 16 32 25 207 133 21 311 l,0.f4 374 38 33 468 15 55 86 34 64 76 356 75 33 175 61 25 30 1.53 285 36 29 199 33 86 23 120 47 24 1.37 303 114 259 48 . 29 169 23 21 342 110 1)39 118 135 94 95 43 28 29 74 31 35 217 45 56 24 20 23 19 88 20 140 526 119 105 85 98 518 145 107 85 84 1,464 129 93 125 933 591 223 85 159 114 252 295 8.W 88 152 83 994 605 89 1,454 4,730 1,617 180 176 2,043 85 241 420 186 317 346 1,548 394 177 872 316 118 126 705 1,339 146 146 1,041 117 407 92 578 238 107 656 1,423 644 1,210 238 147 780 104 118 1,632 456 2,431 60S 668 473 "(09 230 l.'?2 156 356 ; 129 170 1,0.51 179 248 123 94 92 114 387 110 46 HEADS OP FAMILIES. 78 29 36 1 .... 3 3 10 9 , 19 10 50 55 1 2 7 19 16 8 1 19 8 .... 5 , 7 7 57 82 I 21 1 I.... 27 5 50 ! 53 112 I 37 :::- I 2 14 4 1 3 ... 4 11 i 19 5 .... 3 30 14 8 1 I 5 2 I 3 5 1 ill 1 I GENERAL TABLES. 245 Table lU.-NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST lOOWniTK PERSONS BY STATES AND TERRITORIES. AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-Continued. Hemmenway , naminway, Ileamonway, IlemeDway.IIenilngswBy, Uemlngway.IIeminenisway liiMnmiii^way, Ileiniiilnway llt'inpliill. Haiiiphell, Uaniphill ]"....]["...][]. Jleinsleiid, IIanipsl«ad, Ilainpsted Jlempstead, ilempsted] iienstedVHomest^ Henderson, llanderson, ilciuiorson, Uendrcson HendricksJlendefM-kJiendre* k.liciKlricJiendrk'kJIendrlk.Hcndrii/ikendr^^^ Hendnck-sun, ileiiderrickson, lleiuirexson, Heudrixson. llcniickson Honing,', lii'iian, IloriPii. llenin, llcnlns, Ilenuing, Ilcnun, Ilining, Illnnlngs Henley, HniKllcy, IlcruUy. Henely, Uenly Henry, llenary, Henerey, Heueries, Henery, Hennary, Uoanerles, HenneryiHeniiryl llenrey, Henri. Henshaw, Hinshaw [/^ Hensley, nenselj',Hensly, Hinesley.HlnscIy, HInsley, ninsly, liynstey !!!!!!!!. Henson, Hindson, Hinson, Hinston, Hynsen, Uynson Herbert, Herhett, Hiirhut !!..!.! Herder. Hlreder, Hurdfir ] Herman, Hermans, ilermanse, Hermin, llermon, Hemnan HemdunLjIarnden. Ilr.rn' . Hearndon Herrkk, Herick. Herrek. li, lieryck Herrlman, Harlman, HarrainODd, Harrimau, Hereman, Herlman, IlerremaD. Herrynian. Hur- rinian. i Herring, llarlng, Ilarrin, Hairing, Hearing, Hearon, llearrlng, Ueran, Herln, Hcrlng, Horon, nerran, llerren. Ilorrin, Herron, llerrown nersey. 1 larscy, 1 loarsay, Hearsey, Hearsy Ilersli"l->erfier, I'larsljur^'sr, Ilarshharger, llarshberger, Horahburger, Uersbl)ergar Hersliy, llarshey, iiurshy, Herschy, Heisbey Hess, ilese, llftsse. Ilcst Hester, Hesters. liestlier Heston, Heastant, lleastin, Heaston, lleestand. Hestand, Ueslant, Ilestanm Hewlns, Hewen. Hewlngs, Huen, Hughon, Hughengs.Hughins Hewlt, Hcwet, Hewett, Hewitt Hewlet, Hewlett. Hewlit, Hewlitt. Huglilett, Huglilitt, Unlet. Hulotl, Hullt, Hullot, Unlllt Hlbliard, Hehard. Heliliard, Helwrt, llebot, Hlbard, Hibl)ards, Hibl)art, lUblwrd, HIbbert, Hlbblrd. Hlbbord, Hibert HIbs, Hil)bs Hickman, I leclanan Hicks, Heck, Hecks, Hick, Hlckes, Hlx, Ulxs, Hyx Hlckson, lllohsoD. lllckason. IHkson. Hlicon nicock, HicciKk. nickcox, Hickixk, Hickocks, Ulckok, Uickoks, Ulcocks, Hicox Hlst>y, HlRlie. Illgbee, Hlgbey, HIgble nigden, Hlgdon HiRgenhotham, Hegginbottom, Hlckenbottom, Hlckimbottom, nickiobotom, Ulcklnbotlom, lllckuinlwtham, HIgemliotliain, Hlgginlmtham, HIgginliottom Higgins, Heggins, HoKins, Uigan, HIgens, Higgans, Uiggcns, Ulggin, HIgings, Higlns High, Huy, Huys, Hyc Hlgley, Higly Hildebrancl, Haldebrand, Heldebrand, Hellebrant, Helteliran, Hcllobrand, Ulldelirannd. Hildenlirand. Hild.nlirant, Hildlebrand, Hillderljran, HllJebrand, Hillebrant, Hillibranl, Hiltebrand, Hilterl Tand nildrc th. Hildrictli, Hildrith, nilldreath Hill, Hills, Hils • Hiller, Hillar, Hillers ■■ ■.■■^•■.■■■■: Hilliard, Hilleard. Hilliad. Hillvard. Hilyard, Hllyerd, nyllard. Hylyaid HiUikcr, HilikiT. Hilker. Hill.s, Hobb, Hobbes, Hol)es, Hobs Hobl)y, Hobbey, Hohcy, Hoijy Hobson. Hobsin noch,.I[ocKJIocks,I^>ko^.^.^..^.^.^.^.^.y^-^-^^-j^;^^^ Hodgdon, Hoflgdan. Hogdon, ) lop'dnn. 1 1 ogsdon lSl?;in"H:igo"ins,'-'iwT,;,H"odTkin-gi;H^^^^^^^^ Hodskings. llodskins. Ilogeklns, Hogskem Hodgiiian, HoiUvman, Hogeman g^;l?r,™r,'?i'al,^;rn°'rFo'Ji;k°a",;°jiKa^."i'^^^^^^^^^ H nflman, H iifinan &Cr?i^g:?'Kt^';:f™?≥ni^^ H"br<^k,nalbrookVHahhrook;noibrockVHolbroo^ HoKnialcom. rialconih: HalcimbeVHoiMm,' HoiMmW.Holcum.' Holkum Hdld.n. Holdan, Holdln. Holding Holder. Haider. Haidre. Holdare. Holder 76292—09 17 6.S 6.« 6.0 6.7 5.3 S.S 8.7 *.9 S.« &5 S.0 6.8 6.6 6.1 6.6 6.2 6.7 6.7 6.2 7.1 S.3 6.4 4.6 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.3 5.9 6.0 5.8 5.1 4.8 6.8 6.0 5.6 6.4 6.7 6.1 6.0 6.6 6.3 6.1 6.8 6.3 6.1 6.5 6.0 6.8 5.3 6.9 4.8 5.9 6.5 5.6 5.5 6.0 6.1 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.5 6.4 6.3 6.8 4.8 5.2 4.8 5.8 0.4 6.0 5.1 5.9 6.5 ai 5.9 5.6 5.1 6.7 1 I 61 326 20 112 23 116 333 1,610 1S4 , 791 57 I 262 27 128 43 ! 160 322 1,467 40 179 30 861 27 I 121 411 161 139 76 I 349 34 176 166 723 «7 181 68 22 22 102 44 24 19 loe 66 HI 21 297 847 287 134 116 661 169 125 84 472 344 549 83 426 366 1,458 111 347 230 82 32 142 234 1,104 60 207 25 115 34 175 67 336 1,284 5,878 29 154 71 18 42 121 294 87 179 602 230 1,030 177 99 101 26 67 18 26 213 62 21 30 67 20 61 157 33 64 84 64 21 29 285 59 ISO 22 28 176 133 156 36 479 4.% 148 2.17 89 113 974 236 97 153 265 103 217 099 179 231 181 320 1,255 245 100 168 1.42S 243 738 99 144 863 607 641 BKAM or rAiouBa. 57 13 < i 20 45 27 7 6 15 : 10 2 7 21 3 ...' 31 12 II !;;;'ii 16 34 109 6 2 12 25 40 20 I. 12 . 33 90 1 II .... 66 I IS S> 1 31 85 18 1 I 2 31 3 7 I 20 29 34 20 12 « U 9 113 127 3 14 12 17 6 .... 2 6 72 114 1 ... 1 6 4 I 2 183 10 18 3 20 48 10 I 2 3 13 6 2 1 25 11 1 3 15 14 29 I 3D 12 8 , 16 U 246 Table 111. A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. x-OMFNCT aVrE dealing with NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES -NOMENCLATURE, DE^AUNG^V^^^^^^ AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-Contmued. * NAME. ■ Holabard,' Holabird/Holabut, Uoleburd, HoldridRe, Holdrich, nolJ"P«. 5°nllf,?,f Hallebc-rt Holabard, Holaoira, iioiauui, uu.cuu^v., HSffloSKun^HoUands^o.^^^ Solmnon ll^omon, Ilolloman, Hollowman, Hollyman, tloloman • Halston Holson. Hol3t<>n, Holstone, Houlston Holt, Hoalt. Holts, Holtz, Hoults ; Holtoa, Holtcn. Holtin Homan, H onians. Honimon, Homon '.'..".".!".'.!! Honey weTl.Honnowel, Honowell, Eonywell '.[.'.[..-.....■■ Hood, H oods v," ■ •,VVV i'. ■■■■ Hoot, Hooff, Hoofes, Hooft, Hunt Hook, Hooclc, Hooke, Hookes, Hooks '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Hooker Hooper Hoops, Hoop - - - v^ Hoover, Hooter, Houver, Hover, Hovers, Huver '.'.'.'.'.['.'.'.'.. Hope. Hopes •^- -■:-.'■ ■^' " T- Hopkins, II oopkins, Hopkens, Hopkin, Hopkings ]\[\['.\'.]'.\'.\\\\'.V. Hopper. Hopson Horn, Home, Homes, Horan Horaback, Hombeck, Hornbecke. H orner ■ Horton, Horten Hosford. Horseford, Horsford Hosier, Hoser. Hozier Hoskins, Horskin, Horskins, Hoskin Hosiey, Horseley. Horsley, Horsly, Hoseley Mosto?ek"HSater,"Hasleiter,"Hoaiiater;Horseiiter;HoVslater;HoVtaU Hotchkiss, Hoctiskiss, iiodVecase, Hodgekiss, Hodgkiss, Hotchkis. M^lSiStS' lSh"unf S^"^; HlJ^hYnling; -iKioghteiing; Eooghtiiiini- Hoo^t^lini; Hoophteling, Houghtalin, Huftailing ^ Houghton. Ilaughton, Hauton, Hougliten, Hougton, Eowton Houk, H ovick, Houke House, Hous Howse - - - Houseman, Hausman, Housemen, Housman, Housmon Houser, Howser, Howsor Hovey, Hovy How, Howe, Howes, Hows Howard, H owart, Howerd. Howert ■■ i; • ■ ■ ; --i^ • ■ %■ Howell, Hawel, Hawele, Hawell, Houell, Howal, Bowel, Howl, Howie Hower, Hour, Hourre • ■ • .■-■--■■■■;.■ Howland. Houland. Howlen, Howlmd, Howlmg, Howlmgs Howlet, Ho wlett, Howlit Hoxie, Hoxev, Hoxkey, Hoxsey, Hoxsie Hoyl, H oile. Hovel, II oyie Hovt, lloiet, Hoit, Hoitt, Hoyet ■-• — ii--,v:-.--i4--i,v"" VVj" 'C Hubbard, Hubard, Hubart, Hubbart, Hubbat, Hubberd, Hubbert, Hubbirt, Hubboard, Hub- bord, Hubert Hubbell, Hubbel, Hubbill, Hubble, Hubill, Huble Huber Huekins. Huckens, Huckings i;- -;.• v;- "i,' ■ v " " ' 'tV i,'-' ; Huddleston, Huddleson, Huddlestone, Hudelston, Hudleson, Hudleston, Hudliston H udson, 11 utsen. H u tson - ■••-•. Huggins, II ugaus, H ugens, Huggans, Huggens, Hugghen, Hugms. Hughes, Hengh, Hewes, Hews, Hues, Hugh, Hughe, Hughs, H use, Huws Hugliev, llowey, Uuey, Hughy Hulin Ilewlin, HugWin, Hulan, Hulmg, Hulmgs, Hulim Hull, tlul. Hulls H ulse, U ulsa, Hulsea H unies, H ume Hummel, 11 umel, Hummell Hummiston, H umberstone, Humerston. Htmiestone - • --•.•■■■ Humphrey, Humtrey, Ilumtrv, Ilimipherv, Ilumphes, Humphress, Humphreys, Humphries, Humph'ris, Huniphriss. Iluihphr-, Humph-, Humphry, Humphryes. Humphrys, Humphys, Humpress, Humpris, Humprys, Umlrey, Umphies,Umphreys, Umphiies, Umphry, Umphrys Hundley, II unley, 1 1 unly Hungerford , 1 i ungeford ■- ; Hunnicutt, Honecut, Honevcut, Honeycutt, Huneycut, Hunneeut, Hunneycut, Hunmcut Hunsucker, Hoonsacker, Hunsaker, Hunseker, Hunsiker, Huntsiker, Huntsucker Hunt, Ilunte, Hunts Hunting, liuntting Huntington, H untingdon, Hunttington Huntlcv, Huntly Huntoon, H unten, Hunton Hurd, Heard, Herd, Hurde Hurlbut, II uribart, Huiibert, Hurlburt, Hurlbutt 6.4 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.6 6.8 6.6 5.7 6.8 6.6 7.1 4.7 5.2 6.1 5.8 4.9 6.9 5.9 6.3 6.0 6.1 5.7 7.2 5.8 4.6 5.7 5.4 6.1 5.8 6.4 5.7 6.9 6.6 6.8 5.6 6.2 5.6 5.9 4.8 5.7 6.2 5.5 6.4 6.1 5.0 6.3 6.6 5.8 5.6 6.5 6.2 0.1 6.7 6.0 7.3 5.8 6.8 0.0 6.8 4.8 6.9 5.7 6.2 5.8 6.1 6.9 5.5 6.4 4.9 5.4 6.4 29 157 62 218 262 1,073 23 118 6.3 6.6 4.4 7.6 6.6 5.5 4.8 6.7 6.0 5.4 6.0 5.6 96 64 53 66 110 128 527 18 22 302 53 46 24 17 113 16 79 68 118 48 147 30 471 45 35 177 38 42 272 26 20 111 29 51 20 151 193 45 130 42 163 27 51 SO 477 607 314 17 154 22 58 15 302 410 106 73 28 27 315 78 407 41 21 251 26 27 24 22 290 39 42 27 16 606 350 21 121 63 38 217 93 HEADS OF FAMILIES. 361 257 362 622 618 2,419 109 82 1,256 270 221 94 84 652 85 395 345 569 298 709 109 2,206 199 142 857 195 196 1,346 139 95 511 152 236 18 42 26 98 672 914 234 580 228 777 109 268 436 2,281 2,765 1,414 34 25 3 1 18 12 20 10 81 .. 22 104 292 94 1,435 1,976 527 347 106 159 1,466 328 1,956 208 103 1,142 135 106 106 96 1,378 169 234 91 106 2,807 1,691 80 687 265 168 1,084 424 18 53 14 20 1 i 17 16 I 26 ,...1 2 4 67 3 38 21 39 21 1 22 8 31 32 1.... 65 8 16 I. ...I £2 18 11 15 29 3 6 4 10 13 16 35 23 3 5 6 10 10 7 26 3 1 10 17 10 1 1 10 19 6 1 25 32 GENERAL TABLES. 247 Table lll.-NOMENCLATURE DEALING Wirn NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS BY STATES AND TERRITORIES. AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-Continucd. Hurley, Ilerly. nirley, Hiirly Hurst, Tlerst, tllrst, Hursts Hurt, Ilorts. Hertz !!!!!!!!!!!!! i !! ! Buson, Hewson, Utielison, Husong, Husson Hussey, Hiisey, Hussee, liussy, Hurey, Huiy, Huiiev, Hmiy .........'.'.'.'. Busted, Hustcad ' Huston, Uousten, Houstln, Houston, Ilueston, Hustoln, iiusU-ni'llustYn. iiiisiine'. Hutoliins, Huchcns, Huchin:;s, Uuililns, Hu.lfon, Hudt'ins, Ihuk'ciiiis. lIu'lirpMii lliidging' Hvidsins, Uutihans. llutclii-ns. Hut. hin, lIutclilnKs. Hutihoiis, llutrion. lluislilun HulLhinson, Huclicnson, Iluilicson. HmliliLson, Iluihison, Hutiln-nsun, Hutchi-rson, iiuifbe- son, Uutchlngson, Hutchison, Hutchonson, Uutchusson Hut Ion, Huton Uvatt, Iliat , HIalt, Iliet, Uiett, Hlghat, Ulghct, Uiot, iiiott, Huyet, Hyat, Hyet, Hyctt, Hyette. Hyetts, Hyot. llyott Hyde, Heyd, lleyiln. Hide '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Hyer, Hever, II i^lier, H yar, Hyers Hyland, flichland. Highlands, Hiland. Hllands, Hllens, Hylan, Uylens .....'.'.'.'...'... Byrnes, Ueiin, ileims, II line, Himes, Hyme, Hyms Ide Ingalls, KngalU, Engel, Engle, Engles, Ingales, Ingall, Ingals, Ingels, Ingle, Ingles, Ingoles, In- golls, Ingols Ingersoll, Ingarsoll, Ingcrsal, Ingcrsall, Ingersol, Ingersole Ingham Ingrain, Engram, Engrim, Ingrahani, Ingrahm, Ingrlme, Ingrm, Ingram, Ingrum Inman, Innion Insley , Endlcy , Endslcy , Endsly, Ensley Irhy, Ireby Irrland , Ir'esland, Iriland, Irjand I rish , Irelsh Irwin, Er^an, Erven, Krvewin, Ervln, Ervlne, ErvUig, Ervwln, Ervwn, Erwln, Erwine, Erwlnn. Erwyn, Ir\en. Ir.in, Irvine, Irving, Irwen, Irwin, Irwlne, Urvln Isaacs, Isaac, Isaat-ks, Isaalis, Isacks Ishell, Isabel, Isbale, Isbel Isham I vcs Ivey, Ivay , Ivy Jack. Jacks, Jakes Jacloiian Jackson, Jacklson, Jackston, Jacson, Jaxson Ja«--ob3, Jacl»s, Jacob Jacoliy, Jachy, Jacoblc, Jcoby JagRcr, Jager, Jaguar, Jaggers James, Jams, Jeames, Jemes Jameson, Janierson, Jameston, Jamleson, Jamison, Jammeson, Jammlson, Jamson, Jemcrson, Jcincson, Jemeyson, Jcminson, Jemison, Jemlsson, Jemmlsoo, Jlmerson, Jlmeson, Jlmmlson. . . Janes. Jane, Jayn, Jaync, Jean, Jeans Jansen, J' Anson Jacnifs. Jacques. Jacquess. Jaqua, Jaquays. Jaquess, Jaquls, Jaqulsb Jaqiiith, Jacqueth. Jacquctt. Jacwith. Jaqiiet. Jaqueth Jarrell, Gareft. Oarrald. Carrel, Garreld, Garrell, Gerald, Geralds, Gerauld, Oerrald, Gernuild, Jarral. Jarrall. Jarrcl, Jerols. Jerould. Jerrald. Jcrrcl. Jerrell, Jerrold, Jerroll, Jerulld Jarrett, Jarat, Jarrat, Jarrate, Jarratt, Jarret, Jarrot, Jarrolt, Jcrrcl, Jcrrctt, Jerrit Jarvis. Garvis, Gcr\'is, Jar\'ais, Jarves, Jervls Jeacocks. Jacocks Jcllers. Jcfers. JelTu^ Jeflerson. Jcllison ■ ■ • .••.-••.-■ v --i.'' " Jcller>-. Gallery. Oellerevs. Oefrlcs, Geofrov, Jaffray, Jaffrey, Jafrevs, Jcferes, Jeferls. Jeffcrlos, JcUeris. Jetlerys, Jefliries, Jeflrcs, Jeflress, Jeflrey, JcHrcys, Jclfrles, Jeflrls, Jcllry, Jeffrys, Jefres. Jcfreys, Jclrics Jellit,son, Jealoson, Joalouson. Jeleson. Jclison. JeUeson. Jcllison Jenkins, Genkins. <;inkens, Jalnkens. Jencans, Jcncklns, Jcnkcn, Jcnkens, Jenkln, Jenklngs, Jinkens, Jlnkin;;s. Jinkins, Juncan, Juneans, Junkcn, Junkin, Junkins Jcnks, Ginks. Jenckis, Jencks, Jcnkes, Jlncks, Jinks Jenne. Jcnncy, Jenny Jenness. Janis. Janus, Jennes, Jennls .......... — Jcnnin-s, GenninRs. Gennins. Ginning, Glnnlngs, Glnnlns, Jenlngs, Jennens, Jennlng, Jennlns, Jinirvc, Jinings. JinniuKs. Jlnnins ■ Jennison, Jenenson, Jeni'sin. Jeneson, JcnLson, Jenncrson, Jenneson, Jcnson, Jcnstone Jermond, Jerenian, Jermain. Jemian, Jcrmin, Jermon Jerni:4an. Jcmagan. Jernlan Jcrom, Jaronis. Jearora, Jcarome, Jearoms, Jcroams, Jeroras Jcssop, Jasup. Je;ksup, Jescp, Jesop, Jcssup, Jesup, Jesuph, Jeiup, Jusup Jeter, jctar. Jetlior. Jetter Jewell, Jewel, Jewlll Jewett, Jewet, Jewit, Jewltt, Jouett, Juett, Juwet Jilson. JiUson, Jilsom Job, -lohb, Johe, Jobes, Jobs Johns. John, Johnes, Johnns, Jon, Jonncs, Jons • ;" ■■■,"_■ Johnson. Jahnson. Jhonson, Johnsln, Johnsom. Johnston, Johnstone, Jonson, Jonslon Joiner, Joinor, Joyner Jolly, Jolley, Jollys jOTdan; jau'don.'jordain'. jdrdecn, Jorden, Jordin,' jordoni Jordone, Jourdsln, Jourijan, Jourden, Jourdin, Jurdan. Junlen. Jurdon - ■ • . • • • • ■ - ■ •■ • ; • • - • .•^i ill" ' V„LL'iir ' Josim, Jocclln, Joseylin, Josland, Joslen, Josllng, Joslyn, Josselln, JossTi, Josslyn, Joaylln, Joyslin .' Joy. Jove, Joys Joyce, Joice, Joyas Judkins. Judgklns Judson. Jutson Justice, Jiistes, Jiistese, Justis, justiss, Justus S.9 0.2 «.0 S.B 0.0 0.0 S.0 S.7 0.1 «.g S.5 5.8 5.8 4.0 5.6 S.4 4.8 5.3 5. 1 5.8 5.5 5.7 0.0 5.6 5.5 4.7 5.0 5.3 5.1 6.1 5.8 6.1 5.6 0.2 5.9 5.3 0.8 5.8 0.8 5.4 5.8 5.6 6.3 5.6 0.0 i.i 5.5 0.0 7.1 4.5 0.5 0.6 0.2 5.8 5.8 5.7 .S.7 5.7 5.7 6.3 5.6 5.5 6.2 5.7 5.7 5.8 4.8 0.2 6.0 S.2 S.7 29 176 72 19 192 44 25 31 57 66 294 34 25 23 137 55 42 39 785 248 31 23 408 140 55 20 35 42 49 41 118 16 47 21 96 19 455 93 42 40 274 34 31 15 20 39 16 92 150 18 23 113 2. 6411 97 40 2,561 163 811 341 97 918 241 120 148 208 303 1,301 130 108 94 651 249 199 195 3,635 1,112 "14 92 1,736 .■U18 27S 95 178 193 257 201 503 92 227 121 427 91 2,083 497 IS3 199 ,241 152 154 91 90 213 89 475 716 87 109 530 12.3.VI 4IX) 213 11,739 372 1,062 97 »4 4« 117 65 70 21 33 56 SOS 442 218 sm 248 361 104 139 2»« BSAM or FAWUSa. 5 2 63 140 104 29 17 287 It 41 S4 « 17 ■j' ■j- 13 68 19 I 40 9 5 3 C7 14 22 5 3 1 3 1 45 11 10 1 4 41 I 18 -M 388 17:1 1 I - 9 3 210 ',3ga at Mi u 10 14 13 : 14 ...I I I 16 11 s I'io <4 190 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. 248 T.B.B 111 -NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES Table 111. .NOMJ.WLi.Aiu ^^^ TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-Contmued. CouRhman, Cowrman, Kaufman, i.oflman, Kolman, Koulman la^i<^r?aSf cifS: c4j]^r JSkior/caVior; Km^;Ki>iiei. Kaier; K^ior. -Kayior J i ::;:::::::;:: Keater, Keator, Koctcr, Kctor Kcaton. Kcet an. Keetins, Keoton Kocoh, Kfach. Keatcli, Keetch, Ketch Keeter. Koafer. Keiler, Kciter, Keillcr, Kjeflcr . ^^ . . . . -^ Keel Keal Keale, KeaU, Kccle, Keels, Kchl, Keil, Kiehl, Kiel; Keelen Kealer Keelor, Keelur, Kehler, Keiler, Kelah, Keler, Keyler, Keylor Keeling. Keclin. Keling Kcclv, Keeley. KeeUey, Keellj ■^■.■■i^:-%y^---i^--' Keen Keaa. Keano, geene, Keens, Keign, Kein, Kerne, Kene Keith. Keath. Keeth, Keth, Keyth, Kieth '.'.'.'.'.'..'. Kdler, KeHar. KeUorc.KeUoe'.keUough; Keliow.'Keiu^, Kiilar, KYlier . Kellogg. Keelogg, Kellasg. Kelleg, Kellegg, Ke loch, Kellock KeHog, Kelogg KellT Kehlv Keilcv. Kcle. Kelcy, Kellev. Kely, Kiely, Killey,Killy. KdseyrKelielsv, Kelcey. Kelcy, lEeUce, Kellsey, Kelse, Kelsy, KiUse, Kilsey, Kilsy Kelso, Kelsoe. Killsa, Kilso Kclton, Kalton, Kilton Kemp. Keinpe, Kemps, Kimp S^P'-^^'Sal^KeiS.l'KendeYel'KendleVKVnnda^^^ Kendall Kindle, Kindol, Kindrcl. Kmnel. Kmnell Kendriek, Keindrick. Kendrieks, Kenrick, Kindreek, Kindrick. ..^.-......^-..-■■- Kennard, Kenard, Kenhard, Keniard, Kinard, Kindard. Kmhard, Kinnard. Kinnerd ... KeSr, Canada Canaday, Canadey, Canady. Caneday Canedy, ran.day, Cannada Cannaday, Cannady, Canneday. Cannlday. Cenedy, Ccnidav. Kanada, Kanaday, Kanadey, Kanady, Kannedv, Kenada," Kenady. fCendy. Keneday, Senedy, Kenerdy. Kennaday. Keonady, Kenndy. Kennedav. Kenncrdav, Kennidy -.• --i. -■.■■•■ vi-.- ■. ■; Kennisto'n, Kenison.'Keniston, Kenistone, Kenneston, Kennison, Kineson, Kmiston, Kmistone, Kinnerson, Kinneston. Kmnison - - - ■■••-■.-• if -^ i=i'.;.;A' Kenny, Keaney, Keany, Keeney, Keeny, Keiny, Kcney, Kenney, Kenme, Kenoy, Keny, Kiney, Kinne. Kinney, Kinny Kent, Kint " - • ■ - • - - jl;.- Kern, Kearn. Kcarns, Keem, Keiras, Kerne, Kernes, Kerns, ium Kersey, Kearsey, Keersey, Kersy, Kirscy, Kursey . . ... . ............. .^. Kesler, Keasler, Keesler, Keisler, Keissler, Kessler, Kieslar, Kisiler, Easier, Kysler Kester, Keaster, Keester, Keister. Kestor. Kisster, Kistor Ketcham. Catchem, Ketchem, Ketchum, Kitcham, Kitchum ^ Key, Keav. Kee, Kees. Keese, Kese, Keyce, Keyes, Keys Keyse. Keze. .......... .. Kcykendall, Kikendal, Kikendall, Kinkendal, Kirkendal, Kirkendol, Kirkmdol, Koukendal, Keysor Kaiser,' kaisor.'KayVeV.Kei'sVrrKe'isser.'K^^ Kiaser, Kiesser, Kioser, Kisear, Kiser, kisor. Kizcr, Kizier, Kizor. Kysar. Kyser, Kysor, Kyzer Kibbe, Kibbco, Kibbey, Kibby, Kiby Kidd, Kid. Kidde Kidder, Kiler Kilboum. Kilborn. Kilbome, Kilboumc. Kilbum, Kilbumc Kilgorc. KilTO. KillRore. Killgour, Killgow Killam, Kellam. Kellem, Kollum. Kilham. Kilhcra . ............^..- Killian. Kellan. Kellon. Ke'.lin. KcUine. Kellon. Killand, Killean, Killen, Killens, KiUm Killmor. KiUmer. Killmore. Kilmer, Kilmor. Kilmore Kilpatrick. Kelpatrielt. Killpatriok, Kilpartrick, Kilpatric^Kilpatrieck. .... ... .... Kirnball Kemball. Kcmbell. Kcmble, Kimal, Kimbal. Kimbald, Kimbel, Kimbell. KimbU, \ Kimble. Kimbler, Kimbol, Kimboll, Kimbrcl, Kimbrell, Kimbril, Kimbull, Kimel, Kimell, ; Kimil. Kimmel ■; ■■■■l^:--- vi: ••-•,-• -i;.- ■■ v ■ ■,■, Kimberly, Kammerlae, Kemberly, Kemmerley, Kemmerly, Kimberley, Kunerly, Kimsbertly .. King, kings j Kingery Kingman, Kingsman Kingsbury, Kin'ibury, Kingsberry, Kin'sborough, Kinsbury Kingsley, Kingley, Kingsly, Kinsley, Kinsly ^ ....... .^....... Kinkaid,Kenkade, Kenkead, Kineade, Kincaid, Kincard, Kmkad, Kmkade, Kmkead Kinner, kcnar, Keneer, Kener. Kenna, Kennear. Kenncr. Kenough, Kinear, Kinnear Kinsey, Kensc, Kensy, Kincey. Kinsay, Kinsy. Kinzee, Kinzey Kinsman. Kenman. kinman. Kinneman. Kinnemon. Kinomon Kinyon, Keenan, kenan, Kennan, Kenncn, Kennens, Kcnnion, Kennon, Kenyan, Kenyon, keonan, Kinian, Kinion. Kinnion, Kinnon Kipp. Kip. Kipps, Kips Kirby, Curbev. Ciirbie, Curby, Kerboy, Kerby, Kirbey, Kurbee Kirk. Kcrk. Kirkes, Kirks Kirldand. Kerl.land, Kirtland Kirkpalrick. Kirckpatrick, Kirkpattrick, Kirkpetreck, Kirkpetrick Kirshncr, Kershner, Kersner, Kii-sonor KissinTcr JCoesinger. Kessinger. Kishinger, Kisinger Kitchen, Kcachen, ketchen, Ketchun, Kitchens, Kitchin Kite Kittle, KcttcU, Kettle, Kettles, Kitle. Kittles Kittredge, Kcttcredge, Ketteridge, Kithridge, Kitridge, Kitterage, Kitteridge, Kitterige, Kit^ torrid'-ie, Ki ttridge Kitts, Kets, Kotz. Kjts. Kitt. Kitze Klaw, Claus, Clause, Claw, Clawes, Clou, Clous, Clouse, Klause Klock, Clock, Clocte Knapp, Knap, Nap, Napp Knecland, Ncland Knickcrbacker, Knickabacker, Knickabocker, Knickebacker, Knickerbacor Kniffln. Knight. Knights, Night. Nights. Nito, Nites Knott, Knot, Knots, Knotts. Knotz, Nots. Nott. Notts, Notz Knouse. Knaus, Knauss, Knous, Knouss, Knows, Naus, Nous, Nouse. 5.3 6.1 5.6 4.9 5.0 5.5 6.2 5.5 5.3 5.5 5.2 6.1 5.5 6.0 5.9 5.8 6.3 5.5 6.1 6.8 5.1 6.2 6.2 5.9 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.0 6.0 5.7 5.1 4.2 6.4 5.2 5.9 6.1 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.6 6.3 5.5 5.6 5.5 4.0 7.0 5.9 5.9 5.3 5.7 6.2 5.2 5.7 6.2 5.0 5.9 6.1 6.1 6.4 5.8 5.6 5.8 6.0 5.1 8.2 5.4 5.2 4.5 6.0 6.1 6.2 5.7 7.1 6.1 6.0 7.1 6.1 5.6 5.1 6.3 20 134 18 24 25 27 31 34 44 118 39 17 102 135 17 164 195 550 124 21 29 116 26 195 71 42 85 689 83 94 101 121 161 154 189 528 162 87 735 680 84 779 1,033 2,400 587 122 118 603 136 963 321 191 48 182 180 81 32 39 20 102 1S2 27 129 53 53 66 97 36 30 39 22 47 1,626 910 843 334 101 209 84 497 929 136 583 210 242 349 434 164 136 116 133 228 442 30 877 17 33 117 120 57 33 53 31 142 155 104 45 48 18 26 41 25 49 37 18 27 25 283 20 22 34 424 88 27 HEADS OF FAMILIES. 2,182 128 4,095 88 138 555 618 227 162 268 159 631 267 714 504 223 198 129 114 174 88 245 188 94 128 152 1,440 100 135 174 1,960 359 144 34 15 15 29 14 53 1 I 23 7 7 1 1 137 18 1 21 24 13 15 16 34 1 28 7 51 18 47 9 22 81 90 23 26 75 23 18 23 71 112 23 25 1 1 1 5 12 3 12 3 48 9 "i 9 3 47 7 2 52 32 4 1 GENERAL TABLES. 249 Table lll.-NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITU NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 \\-HITE PERSONS BY STATES AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-CoDtinued. Knowlos. Knolds, Knolo"!, Knoll, Knowpl, Knowdl, Kno\rls, Noal, Nod, NoeU, Nde, Nolea, Noll, Nollcs, Nool, Noiil, Nowol, Nowcll, Nowplls, Nowcls, Nowls Knowjton. Knoltoii, KnuuUoii, Nolton, Nolton, Noullon ."!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Knox, Knock, Noc, Noch, Nock, Nocks, Nox ""..'.".*.*."!!!!]! Kreiiior, Knii«lcr, ICrt^eder, Krider !!!!..!!."!.!!!!!!! Kuhn, KiiRhn, Kuhns !.!!!.!!.!!!".!!..!!!!! Kuntz, Councc, Couiits. Counti, Cuntz, Cunie, Eunse, Eunts Kurtz, Ciirts. Ciirtz, Kurts Kyps, Kies, Kiso Kygcr, KiRar, Kiger Kylo, KvlM KyscT, Itlsear, Kisser, Kisr r, Kysar, Kysor, Kyzer Labar, Labach , Labaugh , Labch Lackey, Lachy, Lackay, Lacky, Lakcy Lacy, Lacey. Lalccy, Lascy, Leacy Ladd, Laeo, Laraba, Larabbi, Larabee, Larabie, Laraby, Laret*, Larrabb, Larrabe, LarranI, Larral>u, Larraby, Larreby, Larribee, Larribv, Ix)rabee, Lorrabon Larrimore, Laramar«, Laremore. Larimer, Larimore, Laurimcr, Lawremare, Lawrlmor, I..aw- rimore. Loramore, Lorimer, l>onimor ■ Larue, Lareu, Larew, La Kieu. Loreaux, Lerew, Leru, Lerue, Liirue Lary, Lairy, Larey, Larreo, Larrey, Larry Lashi Lassiter, Lasiter, Lasitor, Lasseter. Lassetor, Lassitor. Lastcr Latham, Latbem, Lathim, Lathom, Lathrom, Lathrum, Lathum Lathrop, Latrop, Laulhrop, Lortborp, Lothorp, Lothroji, Lolrop, Lowthorp Latimer, Latamore, Litiinoro, Latimor, Latimore, Latmer. Lattamore, Lattemer, Lnttemore, Lat timer, Laltimoro, Lettimore LatI a. Lata, Later, Lator, Latoure, Latter. Lature Laugblin. Lalllin. LaBin. Laughling. Lofland. Loflln ;•■"■ Law. Lahr, Laer, Lar, Lauer, Laur, Laws, l,chr, Loar, Loher, Lore. Lorr, Lours. Ixiwar, Lower, Lowers . La\vnMK«,Laranee,LarencerLarincerLarrance, Larrencc, Laurance, Laurence, L«ur«iu. Law- rancR, Lawrens; Lawrrance, LewTance, Lorance, Lorrentz, LowTance Lawson, Lauson Lawton, Laughton, Lauton, Lorton 'Lawyer. Lawyers, Loyer, 1/Oyers Tj*\v I ^ich T ftvs .,,-.->,.- ,,->>--•--. ,,»..•*•-.-■•••-••---- ■ .•■••-••••■••' LazHl.Laiells. LiU'enVLa<«*li LakseiirLakscils. Lazall. Laiel. Lazelle, Lazll. Lazolln Leach, Leatch, Leech. Leetch, Leicht, Leltch, Letch, LIctch, Lltch Leak, Leack, l^jake, Lcakes. l*ek, Leekc, Leeks. Lekcs, Llcko Leary . Lerry Leathers, Leather - • •; ."il ' V 1;.™.1,«.^k Leavenworth. Lavensworth, Lavenworth. Leavensworth. I^vensworth. LevenwortD Leavitt. Leavot. Lcavett. Leavlt. Lcvcit. Level. Lcvit, Levitc, Levitt Led belter, Leadbetter. Letbetler Lee, Lea, Leagh, Leah Leigh. Ley Leeds, Lea;:■•,••■ M'Aulev. M'f-allev, M^Callv, Maccauley, Maccauly. MTauley, M«CauUcy. M-Cauly, M-Cawley. M'rawlv. MToIlev, M'CoUy, M'CuUey, M«culley, M«CuUy.Mecauley M'nriile. M'bride. ^i'h^de M'Caln, M'CaaIn, M'Cane, M'Kain .•■•• &8 &4 «.0 t.* &4 18 &7 S.g S.2 S.3 4.9 4.7 S.1 1.8 t.2 S.4 S.3 4.» S.4 7.1 (1.3 8.3 £.4 &S S.3 S.4 4.6 6.2 A.8 S.2 7.1 6.0 S.5 AJlester, M»Amster, M'Calester M=CaUster, M't'aUastcr, iK'allester, M'Callestor, M'Colister, M'Collstcr, M^Collester, M«Col- listcr, M^Collistor, M'OUister M'Cammon, M«rainon. M'Comman, M'Comnion, M«t'omon, M'kamman.Macomen M'CancIless, IK'aiiJelcss, AW'andles, M'l'andlisli, M'Canless, JI'Kanless, M'Kindlcs MtCann, M'.\nn, M'Cnan, M'Can, McCand, MtConn, M«Kan, M^Kann, Macon Mt^Carter, M^arler, M^Cartor, M'^Karter McCartney, M-^Artney, M^Cartny. M^Certney. M=Cany, Macartey, M'Arthy, M'Cartee, M'^Cartey, M»Carthey, MVcMthyVM«Carti'e.'Maccartv. Mccarty, M«Cortey .' _ _ ' M«Caslin, M^Auslan, M'Casland, Ma'Caslin, M^Casslin," M^Causiand, M'Causien.M^Caus^^^^^ M'Coslin, Ma'Cslia M'Cleary, M^Clarey, M«Clary, M'Larry, M'Lary, MaCiayryVM«neareyVM»cie(?rvVM'oClerv, M'Leary, M'liry ' '^w'?.','^"''' M'C'laland, M'Clalen, M'Claiin, M«ckilan,''M'dailen'"M'CiaiiiiV,' MVciavland, M=Clelan, M'( leland, M'Clelean, M'Clellan, M'Clellen, M=cleIon, M'>Laland, M'^Laliaii M'- Lallen, M'Leoland, M'Leland, M'leland, U'Lelen, M-^Lellan, McLellen, M'^Lillan M'Clenahan, il'Clanahan, M'Clanathan, M'Clangen, M-^Clanihan, MtClanincham, fibciannan M'Cannen, M-Clannon, M«Clathan, M'Clenaghan, McClenahen, H'Clenan, Jl^Clenethan, M" i' ' 'n" Mcndingall, Mcndenal, Mcndenall, McndcnbaJI, Mendinall, MendiDgbolI, Mendintaall, MenlnaU, Meningali, Mondenall Mercer Merchant Meredith. Meredeth. Merldeth, Mcridlth Merkcl, Merckcl, Mi rcle, Merkcle, Merkell, Merkll, Merkle, Murkic Mcrriarn, Meriam. Miriam -.■.■••■.;■■;;;■ ' V 'V.'i" ' L" »>i.;i"_VV»'il»*w* 'miUIL* ' Merrit k. Mera< k. Mcragh, Merick, Merricks, Memk, Mlrach, Mlrcck. MUlch, Mlrlck, MIrIek, Mirrick, M\Tick .-•;;■■.■.;■,".■",■. n'l i MerrlHeld, Marafield, Marrlfleld, Maryfield, Merefelld, Merineld, MerryOeld ..^.......^.... Merrill. .Merell, Meril, Merlll, MerUls, Merrcl, MerreU, Mcrrells, MciTcIs, Merrll, McrrUIe, Merrllb, Mcr^inlaii.' Meremdn,' Mertmaii' ' MOTenian,' Merrymaii,' MenVmoon, Merrj-moone, MIrljnan, llcr}il™MereVt; Merit,' Me'rittVMcmtt,Me^et^^ Merrits', Merrot, Mlriit, MIrritt.. Merrow, Mero, Merow • • • • ii'lU,. Merry. Mairy, Marey. Marry, Mary, Mao'S, Mercy, Mcrrey, Meirie Meserve, .\Iesserve -•--■ ;;:■•, — J Messenger. Me^enger, Mesinger. Mcssinger. Mlsingcr. Mlsslnger Messer. .Mcscr, Mcsier, Messar, Mcssers ■.■.■■.■■,■."•■:<' VViM^li'" Metcalf, Madcalf. MedcaO. Medcalf, MedkiO, MidcaH,Mldcu(s, Mitcalf -■...-. Metzg^; Ma"get: Mel^,"Metsger.Me{sker: llietzear; -^-Izer; Mj^^^M*^^^ -^l^' ^^^ • Mever, Maher, Mair, Maire, Maircs, Mairs. Marc, Mares, Mayer. Mayers, Majhr, Ma)or3, Ue>en, MkSMicSTincaUMichaeisfMichai/MichaiKMid^ Michle, .Mickel. Mickcll, Mickle, Mickles, Mibacl. Mikell '.'."'.'.'.'.'. Micheau, Michaux, Micheaux Mlddlehrook, Middlcbrooks, Midlebrook ■■■■■■■■ Middleton. Midelton, Midleton. Myddelton, Myddleton [\]l\[\][['."[\"'.'.'.\'. Minfi^ra. Mi'lbera: M iVbora; Milbourn,Miibiii; MlillMiuiiVMlUbiii".': ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! MUes, Mial, Mials, J'ylcs S.S 6.4 6.4 6.6 4.9 4.0 6.7 6.0 6.4 6.8 6.4 6.4 6.6 5.7 6.1 4.8 6.» 6.6 6.0 4.6 6.8 4.6 5.8 4.0 5.6 5.1 7.1 5.2 5.0 6.2 4.6 6.6 5.0 5.4 4.6 5.4 6.2 6.0 4.7 6.8 5.0 4.9 5.1 5.4 5.6 5.8 5.6 5.2 6.8 6.0 6.8 5.6 «.0 6.0 5.8 6.6 6.9 6.8 &0 a6 6.2 5.8 6.9 6.7 5.8 6.9 6.1 &e 5.1 6.0 6.0 6.6 160 118 128 278 24 132 32 41 60 30 91 17 738 410 106 413 1,266 94 477 161 1«« 272 167 436 91 164 723 20 80 27 I 126 49 \ 203 21 80 . 22 108 I 168 : 764 . 121 ' 24 I 106 22 18 35 19 44 16 48 282 <• 43 40 38 20 44 60 30 23 31 16 20 26 45 30 21 44 62 66 68 41 81 143 23 4K9 87 606 78 ^ 67 137 ■SAM or FAiousa. 179 91 ... 248 ... ,386 I 1 212 2 164 ... 263 4 162 1 87 I... 163 1... 250 ... 166 ... 114 I 4 114 ... 92 ... 103 101 183 132 95 ..I I 256 278 .... 237 1 336 .... 304 ; .... 3 659 116 375 1,870 107 200 24 42 21 66 60 126 29 27 157 132 18 18 72 23 24 30O 513 920 118 20O 106 306 269 605 141 127 763 660 91 83 297 111 oe 906 10 1 .„ .... 14 15 9 7 48 1 4 'i 8 23' 38 18 8 3 j'ii 'U 86 13 10 3 3 .... 14 I 13 > 1 6 1 11 .... 18 .... • 3 7 3 3 4 3 « • 4 19 33 US 11 87 S .... 8 .... 1 14 1 1 15 9 38 10 33 254 Table 111. A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. NOMENCLATURE DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 T^TIITE PERSONS, BY STATES -^^^^^^^^ AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-CoBtmued. Milev. Milio. Milley, Milly...... ;■;;; S'M^"^.iSl"'^^;MiUaie;mil^;i^^^^ 5J'M''*;n"' MiLin "Mu'ean" Mirekin ' MilVg^ui: MiiiBin: •MiYitan": Miiiken,- Milikin, MiUagan, "•mISd iime^g^ M.m?an'^S& Mi&. Milflkan, MiUiken. MiHikin Millins. Millin, Milling, Millon. Mills. Mill, Mils MiUspough Milton, Milten - - • ■ -. ii-J" ' ' Miner Miners, Minner. Minnor, Minor, Myner.. Minich, Mincck, Minick. Minicks, Minmck Minot, Minott. MUehei,''Mtethel!'MiTchei; uM^ Miichai; Mitehali; Miichele; MYtcheli,- Miicheis,' MiichieU, Uitcliil, Mittchel \["..\..[ Mixon, Mixen Mobley, Mobly Mock. Mofi't Morfet. Morlit. Morfits, Morfitls. Muffet. Moncrief, Moncrietl, Miincrief, Miincriep, Mimcnfle Money. Monee, Moanys, Mony. Muuey, Muniiie '.'.'.'.'.'.'... Montaeue "Montaikue,' Montaiige,' Montgue, Montigue, Mountague MonWort ■'tfonford Monfort. Montford.^ountford, Munford. Monfort, Mimtford ^....■ K mmery Mongmnery, Montgomary, Montgoraeroy, Montgominery, Montgomorey Mont- ™rSrs.Iontgunr;nary:Montg>- Motgomery, Mountgomary, Mountgomery, iToiintgHmry Moody, Mody, 'Moodey, Moodie, Mooty, Moudy Moon. Moone Mooney, Moonie, Moony - — v/ "J." ' U:.:,.:^' ' Moore, Moers, Mohr, Moor, Moores, Moors, More, Mores, Moure. Moran. Morang, Morans. . Morehead. Moorehead, Morehed, Morhead. Morey,'Ma;i;-ay;Maurev, Mamy, MMrey: Morai; Moray; Mor'ei^', Morrey; Morrie, MotiV, Mory, Mourev Mowery, Mo'wra, Mowre. Mowrey, Mowry ■- <;'\:"\'r",^i.\;^' Morgan Maughan.Maiighon, Morgain, Morgen, Morggen, Morgin. Morgon. Moiighan. Moughon. Morfill \Ioirel Moral. Morel. Morell, Morill. Morral, Morrall. Morrel, Morrell, Moml... MoKis.' -Maurice, Moorite. Morece, Moress, Moris, Morish, Moriss, Morits, Moritz, Morres. Morress, MOTfeon^'MM'rifoi, MomonVMorisoii; Momson,' MorrissonVMorriston, Morrosen, Morroson, Morrowson Morrow. Moroo, Morow, Morraw, Morrows, Murrow. Morse. Moorso, Morss Morton. .Mortain, Morten, Mortin, Mortom Moseley, Mosely, Mosley, Mossley, Mossly Moser, Moasser, Mosir, Mosser, Mossir Moses, Mosses. Mosier, Moslier, Moshier, Moshure, Mosure, Mosyer, Mozier Moss, Maus, .Uoess, Mosce Motley. Mottlev Mott.'.Mot, Mote. Motes. Motte. Motts, Motz Moule. Moale. Mole. Moles. Moul Moulton, Molten, Molton, Moulten Mount, .Mont, Montz, Mounce, Mounts, Mountz Mourer. Mourir Mower, Mowerer, Mowers, Mowrer Moxley, Muxley - • ■ ■ Moyer. ,Moier, Moir, Moires, Moirs, Moyar, Meyers, Moyr, Moyre. Mu'dd, Mud Mudge Mudget, Mudgett, Muget, Mugett, Mugget, Muggett. Mul lord Mull Mullen, Mullin, Mullinax, MtJlon. MuUer. Mullican, Mulliken, Mullikin, Mullokin Mullins. .MulUngs Munilord. Mumloort, Mumplord Munday , Monday, Munde, Miindy Mundin, Munden, Mundine Munger, Mungar Munn, Man ■ Munroe, M»Row, Monro, Monroe, Monrow, Munro, Munrow MunscU, Monsel, Muncil, Munsel, MunsU, Mimsill Munsoa, Monsen, Monson Murch. Morclie Murdock. Moordock, iiordack, Mordoch, Mordock, Moredock, Moredocke, Murdeck, Murdick, Murdoch. Murphy, Mortey, Morphy. Murfee, Murfpy, Murtree, Murtrey, Murfy, Murphey, Murphree, Mur- phrcy, Murphrv, Murproy. Murpry, Murpy Murray, Muray, Murev. Murrah, Murree, Murrey, Murry Murreil. Murrel. Murri'l. MurriU Murrin. Murrain, Murran, Murren, Murrine, Murring Muse. Musgrove, Musgrave ;;■■■:,■, ;;■■■; .VV \V 1' Musselman, Moesselman, Muselman, Mussillman, Mussleman, Musslman, Mussulman. Musscr, Muser Muzzy, Muzy, Muzze,Muzzey... ...... ..... ;;■-■ Myers, Miars, Mier, Miers, Mire, Mires, Myars, Myas, Myer, Myor, Myre, Myres, Myrs. 5.9 5.4 5.7 5.6 5.8 6.0 5.6 6.7 6.7 5.3 5.0 6.4 7.8 5.6 5.1 6.3 5.9 6.3 6.5 6.0 6.3 6.1 5.4 5.6 6.0 5.4 6.1 6.2 5.4 5.6 6.0 5.5 5.3 6.1 5.9 5.7 6.1 5.5 HEADS OF FAMILIES. 17 52 2,225 37 91 18 423 17 29 200 25 25 25 704 48 16 25 34 19 87 16 34 33 47 32 223 190 71 43 1,724 25 33 82 38 164 604 188 608 84 228 10,469 171 435 90 1,926 97 164 24 5 1 138 31 22 1 3 5 36 5.7 6.0 5.9 5.5 5.5 5.5 6.0 5.5 5.9 5.9 6.6 6.5 5.6 5.8 5.9 5.7 6.1 6.1 5.6 6.4 5.6 5.4 5.8 4.8 6.2 6.3 5.6 5.5 6.6 4.6 5.6 5.9 5.7 5.0 5.6 4.8 5.8 5.5 5.3 5.3 4.5 5.6 5.0 6.3 6.1 6.9 6.8 5.8 101 136 171 3,201 195 85 122 180 104 437 85 172 146 215 160 982 970 370 191 7,977 124 149 354 195 2,838 952 2,741 1,581 674 2,112 1,170 537 361 404 601 710 89 729 94 726 115 89 201 96 337 134 435 262 118 81 88 147 144 18 159 17 159 24 18 43 19 218 11,114 24 no 24 129 22 101 25 109 19 91 ,59 Z£^ 28 146 20 106 30 139 71 .322 30 137 23 S2 49 225 36 176 192 903 24 95 105 480 23 88 19 92 110 41 30 20 21 33 23 16 404 8 21 101 356 27 498 1,311 1,236 145 137 80 112 168 135 92 1,948 10 13 3 1 1 172 152 ... 1 2 1 38' 34 73 17 68 23 5 30 95 48 1 33 32 83 109 110 1 13 8 33 18 1 3 3 2 1 46 3 55 115 1 119 11 4 5 3 3 6 1 3 40 15 3 i2S 1 4 46 5 56 12 31 2 6 10 11 1 12 3 2 45 29 11 22 26 GENERAL TABLES. 255 Nace, Naess, Nase, Nass Nacle, Nagnl , Nagleo, Naigly Nail, Nallp, Nails, Nale, Nayle Nally, Nallrfi, Nalley '.'.'.'..'. Nauco, Nan! z '.'.'.'/.'.'.'..'. Nash Knash '.'.V.'.'.'.'/.'/.'.'.'.'.'..". Nason, Nasson, Nayson '.'."'.'.'.'.'. ' Navi" , Knave, Kn<'a%'cs, Ncave ...!..... Naylor, Nailer, Xfiilor, Nalnr NealT, Kii:mf Kiuaf KnuU Naaf , Nsiic ' Niil.' Ncof,' Neifs,' Neil',' Nd'ff Nca , Kno«l, Kncil, Neall, Neale, Neall, Neals, Noel, NeeU, kell. Nelll h Nit'l,-" ' Niel, NiGle, NIcU, Nlelle, N^V^dc^: Noly .^nK'^.'. ^.'^?'.'.!!"^.^'. ^.^!'^] '^^^'- '^'^"^'- ''*«"*'y ■ N'"'«V; NiiUy; Nocdham, Ncadhom, Ncadum, Nedom. Necly, Nelly .^ Neor, Lner, Knorr, Near, Nears, Nler Nellis ;.. Nclms, Nell, Nellos, Nolmes, Nlil Nelson, Nealson, Neekon, Nellson, Nelison, NiBison;'Niilso'n','NUsoD " '^NisWt 'nUwIi' ■^'"^''"' ^''^^^' Ncisbit, Nelsbitt, Nesbct, Nesbeu','N'«blt,'NbbeV,'NtaboVt, Nesinl th , Xe;isnilth , Ne-smi th, No 'snilth Nettles, Knelile, Knittols, Knittle, Nettle l]]]]]]]" M„tt1,il,^n KTitll. >,..., •••-•--•--.■.•..■■...............,...,, Nettleion, Nitlleton Novlll. .Navel, .\aviU. Navle, Neavei, Novel, 'No'veli,' 'Nevols,' 'Nev'li' 'Novliie ' Nevliis, Nevon, Nevens, Nerin New, Knew, News, Nuso V.'.'.'. Newbury, Newberry !.!!!!.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!![ Newby . Newcomb, Ncweani, Newcom, Newcombe, Ncwcomo, Neweum, Newcumb, Nucomb Nucum Newcomer, Newcumbcr, Neweumer. Newkomer, Nleomer, Sleweomcr Newell, Newal, Newall, Newel, Newil, Newlll, Nuel Ncwhall Newkirk, Neuklrk, New kerk, Nikork Newland , Newlan . Newlands, Newlen, Newlln, Newling, Nuiand, NiilVn, Nullii Newman, Neiinmn, Newmcn, Newmon, NIeuman, Nouman, Numan, Niimans, Nuinon ......" Newsom, Newsomo, Newsum Newton , Neuton, Newtown , Nuton '...'.'.'. Nice, Kneese, Kncisse, Knies, Ncaee, Ncase, Neecc, Necs, Neese, Nelce, NelcsiNeliB, Niece', Nlse Nicely, Kniceley. Knisely, Knlssley, Nceslcv, Neesly, Neicelv, NIreley, NIchlcy, NIsciy! Nicholas, Nlthalas, Nichales. Nicholes. Nirkolas. Nicolas, N'liolaus. . . ; Nichols, Neiihols, Nuhall, NIchalls, Nichals, Nichels. Nlchol. Nichol'l. NIcholds. Niclioil, NIcholis NIckals, Nickels, Nickle, Nickles, Nickless, Nlckolds, NIckolls, Nkkols, Nicies, NIcoi, Nicole, Nlcoll, Nicolls, Nicols Nicholson, Nlihalson, Nicholson, NIcbolason, NIcholdson, NIchoiscn, Nlclioisln, Nlckieson, NIckolson, NicolsoD, Nlcolsons Nickerson, NIccoson, Nlcherson, NicldrsoD, Nickison, Nlkerson V.'.'.'. N lies. Nile, NIols, Nyles NIms Nixon, Nickson, Nixen, Nixson Noble. Knoble, Nobel, Nobels, Nobles Noland, Knowland, Knowlon, Nolan, Nolen, Nolland, Nowlan, Nowland, Nowlen, Nowlln. Norcoit, Norcut, Norcute, Norcutt, Northcut, Northcutt Norcross . Nortlcet, Norflct, Nornett Norman, Normand, Normant, Normen.Nomient Norns, Narris, Noris, Norress, Norrice, Norrise, Norrlss North, Noth Northro[), Northoop, Nortborp, Northropo, Nortbroup, Northrup, Northup, Nortrip, Nortrup, Nothrop Norton, Norlin, Nortine, Noteo, Noton Non^'ood Nostrand, Nostrant Nourse, Nurse, Niirss Noycs, Noice, Nois, Noyce, Noye, Noys, Noyso Null, Knull Nunnallv, Nunally, Nunley, Nunnelly Nutt, Khutt, Nut, Nutc, Nutts Nuttor Nutting Nye, Nie, Nigh Oakley, Oakly, Okelov, Okely Oaks, Oachs, Oak, Oa'kes, Oakh. Ocks, Okes Oaswald, Osswald. Ostwalt, Oswald, Oswalt, Oswcll, Oswclt. Oats. Oat, Oates, Oatts Ober, Obar. Oberholtzer, Oborholtz, Oberholzer, Ovcrhobier, Overholsa, Ovcrholse, Overholser, Overholtter, Ovcrholzer O'Brvan, Obcion, Oblrant, O'Boven, O'Brlan, Olirlan, O'Briant, Obrianl, O'Brien, O'brlen, Obricn, OBrlent, Obrlent, Olirfon, Obriont, Obrvan, OBryant, Obrjant, O'Bryon Odell, Oadoll, Oddlo, Odel, O'Dell, Odellc, OdU, Odle, O'DIc Odom, Odam,Oddum, Odem, Odiom, Odum Ollutt. Ogden, Octdon, Ogdon Ogle ■ OKlesliyi 'OReibv, 0)!erv','OKllb'v,'OElliby, Ogllsby, Opiebay, Oglobo, ORleby, Oglmbcy, Ogllsbey. Olcott, Olcot, Olcut, Olcutt, Ollcott Oldham, Oaldham, Oaldhum, Oldam, Oldhane ■ Olds, Oalds, 01 I, Olcs, Olts ••• Oliver, Olefer, Olifer, Oliphcr, Ollavor, Ollefer, Olllvcr, OlllTor, Olovor.OIver...^... ........... Olmsted, Olmested, Olmstead, Olmstord, Omstoad, Omsled, Onatcad, Ormsted, Ornutld, UUn- sted, Umpstead, (jmstad, t'mstead, Umsted 256 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 111.— NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790— Continued. Olney Onderdunk, Onderdonck, Onderdonk. Onderkirk O'Neal, O'Nail. Onail. Onailes, Ooale, Oncale. Oneal, ONeale, Oneale, Oneales, ONeall, Oneall, O'Neals, OXeil, Oneil. O Xeill, Oniel, Oniell, Orneal Orcutt, Orcott, Orcult, Orcut Ordway , Ordav. Ordeway Orme, Orem, Orm, Ornis Ormsby, Ormby, Onnsbe, Ormsbee, Ormsbey, Ormsbry, Ormsbury, Ornsbey, Ornsbough, Ornsby Ome, Orn, Ornd, 0ms Orr, Oar, Ore, Ores Orton, Orten Orvis Osborn. Orsbern, Orsbom, Orsborne, Orsbourn, Orsbum, Osban, Osbern, Osbon, Osbone, Osborne, Osboum, Osboume, Osburn, Osburne, Ossbum, Ozborn, Ozborne, Ozburn, Ozburne Osgood, Ossgood Osterhout, Oserhout, Oslerhout, Osterhant, Osterhont, Osterhoudt Ostrander, Ostranda. Ostrandar, Ostronder Ostrum, Ostram, Ostrom Otis, Oties, Ottis Ott, Ots, Otts Outlaw Overholt, Overboils, Overholtz, Overhults Overman, Oberman Overton, Overturn Owen, Oans, Oens, Oings, Owans, Owens, Owin, Owing, O wings, Owins, Owns Pace, Paice, Pase Packard. Packad, Parkard " " Packer, Paca, Paceher, Pacehore, Paker [['_ Paddock, Paddack. Paddocks Padgett. Padget, Padjet, Padjit, Paget, Pagett, Pagget, Paggett, Paggit, Paggot, Paghert'Pagit Padleford, Paddleford Page. Paige, Peaige ] Painter, Panter, Payntar [ Palmer, Paimere, Palmor. Palmore, Palmour, Pamer, Parmar, Parmer, Parmor,' Farmore, Poliner Pardy , I'arde, Pardee, Pardey, Pardie Paree, Parrey, Parry !!!"!!!!!!!!!!] Parham, Parram, Pamun, Perham, Perhiim ./......, Parish, Parrish, Perrish Parker. Parcher, Parkers [. Parkhiu^t, Parckhurst, Parkhast, Parkherst, Parkhurt Parkinson, Parkenson, Parkison [[ Parkman Parks, Parcks, Park, Parke, Parkes, Parkess. Parkis, Pearks Parraalie, Palmerly, Pamely, Pamerly. Pannala, Parraale. Parmalee, PannelarParmele 'Pann'&- lee, Parmeley, Parmella, Parmely, Parmerle, Parmerlev, Parmerly, Parmile, Parmly Parmenter, Parmentor, Parrainter, Permenler Pamieter, Palmater, Palmatier, Palmatus, Palmetier, Palinitter, Parinarter, Pamater Par- merter, Parmeta, Parmiter, Permater ^ Parr ][[[ Parrott, Pairott, Paret, Parott, Parratt, Parrot, Parrett, ParrioVt, Pairit" PairoV Perret Perrett' Parsons, Parsins, Parson, Parston ' Partridge, Pardridge, Partaradge, Partrich, Partrige, Pateridge;"patridge,'Patrige,"PaU^^^ "attriclge ........,....,.,, -.....---. .....,,i......... Paschael, Pascal, Pascall, Pascault, Paschal, Paschall, Paschcali, Pascheal PaseheV Paskall Passmore, Pasmoore, Pasmore, Pasmour ' ' Patch !;!;!;!.;;; Patchin, Patchen, Patching, Patchon ['.'.'.'.'.'. Pate^ Paits, Pates Patrick, Partrick, Patcrick, Patnc, Patrich, Pattrick. Patten, Paten, Paton, Pattan, Pattin, Patton Patterson, Paterson, Patison, Pattersen, Patteson, Pattison! Potterson Paul, Pall, Paules, Paull, Pauls, Pawl ' ■ Paxton, Packeton, Packson, Packston, Peckston, Pexton Payne, Pain, Paine, Paines, Pane, Payn, Pean, Peane, Peayne .' Payson, Pasons, Passon, Passons ■ Payton, Peaton. Peten, Petten, Petton, Peyton Peabody, Pabodie, Peabodie, Peebody '.'.'.'.'.'.'. ' Peacock ■•■■•*■••*---*--•---*---*,, Peal, Peale, Peel, iPecic,PeelsrPeU....l.. ".'.'.'.'.'.".'..'.".''.". '.'.". Pearl , Pearle \ . Pearsall, Parcel, Parcell, Parsells, Parsels, Parsiil,>earcali, Pearceaii'Pearsei'PM^elVpe^air' Perse, Persel Pershall, Perzel, PiercaU, Pierc^ll, Piersill, Purcall, pS,' pS 'Pmtou' Pursel, Pursell, Pussal ' ' '"'-"="1 ^ umeu, Pearson, Pearsons, Peirccen, Peirson, Piercen, Pierson..!!^.. Pease, Peace, Peas, Pees, Peice, Peise Peasley, Peasle, Peaslee, Peasly, Pesley '.'.'.'.'.[.'. Peck, "Pecke, Pecks '.'.'.'.'.'. Pecknam, Peckam [""'.[['."[ * Pedan, Peaden, Peadon, Peden, Pedian, Pedien, Pediii, Pedon Peedin Pedrick, Paddrick, Padrick, Pedrik, Pedruck, Pedwick ' Peek, Peack, Peak, Peake, Peaks, Peke, Pique Peet, Peate, Peete, Peets, Peits, Piet, Piets Peirpoint, Parepoint, Perpoint, Pierpoint, Pierpont, Purpoint Pell. Pels Pellet, Pellett, Pellit, Pelot, Pelott, PiUet Pelton '.'.'.'.'.'..'. Pemberton Pence Pendergrass, Pendergast, Pendergrast, Prendergast, Prendergrast Pendleton, Penalton, Pendelton, Pendleston, Penelton, Pintleton Penfield, Penfold, Penifield Perm, Pen 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.4 5.5 6.7 5.4 5.9 5.9 6.9 6.8 5.5 6.4 6.3 7.0 5.9 5.6 5.5 6.2 7.3 5.5 5.4 5.6 5.8 5.5 5.9 6.3 5.7 6.5 6.0 5.7 5.8 5.2 6.2 3.8 5.4 5.7 5.7 6.4 7.2 6.0 5.4 5.9 5.6 4.9 5.4 5.5 5.8 5.8 6.0 5.8 5.3 5.1 5.4 5.8 5.6 5.5 6.7 5.6 5.8 4.8 5.4 5.1 5.8 5.8 6.1 5.6 5.6 6.6 5.5 6.0 6.2 5.0 5.6 5.6 5.4 5.3 6.7 5.7 4.6 6.3 3.9 6.4 5.8 7.3 22 101 21 15 432 141 34 62 26 70 51 26 16 32 87 466 44 106 47 64 61 21 408 76 674 61 25 52 144 1,118 69 23 14 369 109 30 63 29 74 413 116 22 17 70 28 4b 102 212 lii 158 56 463 33 27 86 39 48 21 94 247 199 70 451 95 29 24 62 47 30 31 17 43 38 30 26 68 29 33 238 185 391 154 209 97 146 108 490 123 87 1,936 762 179 373 127 325 232 135 101 145 380 2,152 213 478 229 340 286 116 2,040 353 3,206 25S 129 146 636 5,221 326 124 87 1,852 476 147 291 113 327 1,864 556 106 85 333 120 187 447 1,008 2,499 708 320 2,124 158 102 380 161 231 100 478 1,128 916 393 2,048 470 151 95 282 218 131 133 97 201 138 160 74 370 138 208 10 13 HEADS OP FAMILIES. 18 35 40 15 78 23 23 14 37 14 56 18 10 41 13 GENERAL T-\BLES. 257 T.B.K "^--^'^^^^^'^^^Y. JEAUNG WITH ^•A^J^^ BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS. BY STATES A.\U TERRITORIES. AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-Continued. Pcnnel, Panel, Pannel, Pannell, Pannlll, Penal, Penel Pencil PenneJI Peniiintiloii, I'eiuiinlon, I'l-nenton, Ponlngion, Pennenton. PIODlneton" Penny, I'eney, I'onic, Penney. •»'""- Penny man, Penaniun, Pennaman, Pcnnenian, Pcnniman Penrose, I'i'niirose Pep5ir Pep.'r!lvnpe!?'.^*^'''^' ^**'''^ sevell . , Percy, Parey, Pearsy, Percey. Persy," Pierccy, Plerey Perdue, I'arilien, ParJiew, Parduo Perkerson, Perkinson, Perkison Perkins, Perkens, Perkin, Pirkens, Plrkins, Piirkins Perley, Pearley, Pearly, Perleo, Perly, Purley !...".'.'.'.'.'.'.".'.'.'.'.'.'. Perrigo, Perigo. Perripe, }*urigo ] Perrin, Perin, Perine, Perinne, Pcrrean, Perreen, Perrine Perry, Pearee, Pearey, Peary, Peerey, Pecry, Pciry, Perte, Perre," Perrey Person Person, Persons Peters, Peter. Petere, Petrc, Petres, Fetter, Pettcrs. Peterson. Petersen, Petterson *.'.".' Petrie, Peine. I'ctroy, Petry !!]!!"!!!!.']!!!! Pettihone, rein)one,'l'eltebone. Pettlboni.... !"..!.!....!!""! '.'"' Pettier, w, Pedienw, I'edigrue. Petegrew, Petegrow, Petigrow,'Pettijjcwi Petteerow, Petteiri-ue Pettierew, I'elllgew, Petlyerew. I'itti'CTew PettinRill. I'atinRale, I'liUngell, I'edingill, PetenRall, Petinsal'l! PeUnKJlii Petiengal! Pciieiieiil' Pettigijl. Petlingal, Pettinsale, P.ttincall. lettingell, Pettlngil, Pcttlnglc, PitI«nKill, Pittinglli Pettis. IVliss, IVttes, Petliee. Peuifs, pilti.'is, Ivttus Pettit, Patlit, Petit, Petilt, I'etlet,Pettile,l'ettitt,Petut Petty, Petle. P.'Kee. Pelter Pfeiller, I 'eitrer, I (.llcr, Pfeitcr, PfletTer, Plifrr, Pfyfcr, Plfer,"piiiois.'..'.! ! " Phelps, Felps, I'"ili)S, I'helphes, Plielpli.s, Pheps.. Philbriek, Fill.riik, I'hillirik, PhilllTick !!!!!!!!!!"!!!!!! Philhrook, Fill>rook, Killlirook. riiill.rciek, J'hillirok. Pblliirooks, Phillhrooki Phiilbrooks Phillips. Fillips. I'hillp, Philipps, Philips, PhiUip, PhiUiph, PhiUlphs, Philips, Phlllups, Phllpa, Phllil)S, I'ilips Pniifiot.Fiiipot. Fiiipott, Phiiipot, Phiipots, piiiipott, Phiipiit. !.!.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! I'ickanl , 1 'iehart, Piekart, Pickerd Pickens. Pickin. Picking, Pickings, Pickins, PIkin Pickering, PIckring Pickett, Picket, Pickets, Pickit PIcklo, Pickel, Pickell '....'.'.'. Pier, Peer, Peers, IVher, Peir, Pciro, Peirrc, Peyre, Pierre Pierce, Pearee, I'earse, Peerce, Peirce, Porcc, Pierse Pike, Pi kes, Py ke Pilsbury , Pillsbury, I'ilsberry, Pilsbery I'inckney , Pinckny, Plnkncy Pine. Pi hes, Py ne , Pinkerlon Pinkhani, Pinkain, Pinkhum, Plnklm, Pinkum. Pinner, Piner, Pinnor, Pinor, Pynor Pinney, Pinnee, Pinny Pinson, Pineen, Pinston, Pintson Piper, Peip<'r, Pipers, Pipper Pipkin, Pipkins Pippen, Pippin Pi tcher. Pi tcbr Pitkin. Pitman, Pittman. Pitts, Pits, Pitt... Pi.xley, PIxly Place, Playco Plank., Plant, Plants, PlanU! Piatt, Plat, Platls Plumb, Plum Plunimer, Plonier, Plommer, Plumar, Plumber, Plumcr, Plumor Plunket, Plunekett, Plunkett, Plunkitt Plynipton, Plimpton, Plymton Poe, Po, Poh Poindexter, Pendexter. Pendextor, PIndexter, Poindextere •. Poland, Polen, Polln, Poling, Polland, Pollen, Pollln, PoUine, Polun Polhenius ! Polk, Poake, Poke, Polke, Poque Pollard Pollock, Pollck, Polluck, Polock Polly, Policy Pomeroy, Pomeray, Pomer\', Pomoroy, Pomroy, Pumrey, Pumroy.. Pond, Pon, Ponds, Ponns, Pons Pool, Poole, Pooles Poor, Poore, Poores, Por, Pore Pope., Porter, Portar, Portor, Portter, Portur Posey, Poesey, Possey Post, Poste. . „ Potter, Poter, Potters, Potior Potts, Pots, Pott, Potte Pounds, Pound «•-■,■••«•••:"* Powell, Poules. Powal, Powall, Powcl, PoweU, PowUI, Powlo, PowlM. Powers, Pouers, Powars, Power, Powrs, Powurs Prather. Prailliers, Prethers Pratt, Prat, Prats, Pratts Preble, Prebbie Prentice, Prcntls, Prentiss, Ptlntice 8.3 6.1 «.S S.4 6.5 i.S 6.7 6.3 4.8 6.2 a.i 6.8 7.0 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.3 6.6 6.6 6.8 6.6 6.8 6.6 6.7 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.4 6.6 6.0 6.1 6.7 6.8 4.6 6.3 6.4 5.7 6.0 6.6 6.2 4.« 6.4 6.7 4.6 6.1 6.0 6.4 6.6 6.3 6.9 6.6 5.3 5.6 6.9 5.4 5.8 6.2 8.0 6.6 6.0 6.4 8.3 6.7 6.9 6.0 6.3 6.7 I 6.4 6.4 5.6 6.4 6.6 6.9 5.7 5.8 6.7 6.1 5.9 6.8 6.7 6.9 5.6 5.7 6.1 6.6 6.9 6.0 8.0 44 65 80 40 20 63 40 29 25 22 25 588 18 27 67 628 128 207 104 32 90 57 74 88 30 396 44 44 * 878 24 29 29 61 89 31 24 960 184 68 25 32 23 68 33 21 18 111 20 18 44 27 132 108 23 64 24 21 144 60 180 20 27 34 24 233 328 360 174 N9 2S3 218 166 94 114 128 2,7»1 108 142 310 2,814 575 970 451 148 185 ! 139 410 271 334 497 132 1,816 208 195 4,004 121 120 166 353 323 133 106 4,490 736 266 130 126 124 272 118 108 90 603 112 95 216 126 570 113 281 114 88 726 278 898 88 143 158 117 189 132 264 503 310 178 454 441 992 427 8I« 18 I 5 26 64 114 48 40 84 99 201 91 184 587 2,773 46 I 188 158 773 439 3,117 93 I 436 17 83 478 3,174 288 1,366 26 I 133 630 3,408 46 I 225 31 166 lU ' 861 11 1 61 1 5 8 4 16 HXUM or tknuat. 9 . 17 17 31 3 23 27 4 I. 1 I. 12 1 .... 3 6 3 2 13 6 3 16 : 1 6 4 23 26 dlA I 2 18 14 I 19 14 24 66 8 7 38 9 3 161 40 1 I 18 143 1 9 4 15 7 6 59 ' 50 35 I 9 6 1 3 4 1 4 21 17 11 3 :... 6 5 123 » II 16 30 46 15 61 346 3 14 5 S3 ,...' 3 3 61 16 35 3 381 10 30 63 143 3 I 4 4 ... 39 97 3 10 n , 66 17 33 4 14 U « I a 36 14 I 7 a 31 7 io I 4 "i u 3 1 i 1 a 10 13 14 14 • 3 t 1 5 I 2 3 4 3 15 41 13 4 6 1 16 57 18 35 44 3D 6 I 14 3 1 3 14 ( I 33 ^.. .»o 17 1 3 'i 13 6 .. 4 I 258 Table 111. A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. -NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790— Continued. Prescott, Prescoat. Prescoot, Prescot, Prescut, Prescutt, Presscott, Priscot, Priscott Preston ,'Preson. Presson v, ■■.;■,; :;; Prewett, Prewct, Prewit, Premtt, Pruet, Pruett, Pruit, Pruitt Price. Preice, Priece, Prise Pride Pridgeni Pidgeon, Pidgin, Pigen, Pigeon, Pigon, Pridgeon, Prigeon, Prigion Priest, Preast, Preist, Prest, Priess Prince Prindle Pringle Prior, Prier, Prire, Prvar, Prycr, Pryor ^■-.■v: Pritchard, Prechard, Pretchard, Prichard, Prichet, Prichett, Pritchet, Prilchett, Pritcnit Proctor, Prockter, Procktor, Procter, Proctter Proper Prosser, Procer, Proser, Prossar, Pressor Prouty, Proty, Proutty, Prowtey, Prowty Puckett, Pucket Puffer, Puffers Pugh, Pew. Pou, Pu, Pue, Pughe Pulley, PuUv Pulliam. Pullam, Pullim, Pullom, PuUum PuUin, Pulin, Puling. PuUen, Pulling, Pullins Pulsifer, Pulciter, Pulispher, Pullsifer. Pulsepher, Pulsipher Pulver Pumferv, Pomlrey. Pumtrey, Pumphry Purdv, Piu-dav, Purdea, Purdee, Purdey, Purdie Purington. Purrinsjton, Purrinton PurneLl, Pamal, Parnald, Parnall, Parnel, Pamell, Pemal, Pernel, Purnal, Purnall, Pumel... Pusey, Fuse, Pussev Putnam, Putman, Putnan, Puttman, Puttnem Putney Pyle, Pile, Piles Quackenbuss, Quackenboss, Quackenbush, Quackinbush, Quakenbus, Quakenbush Queen, Queene, Quehen .* Quick Quigley, Quigly, Quikley Quimby, Queriiby, Quimba, Quimbee, Quimbey, Qulnby Quinn, Qualn, Quin, Quine, Quynn Eaby , Raba, Rabe, Kabey, Raiby Race Radford. Redford Ragsdale, Ragsdel, Ragsdell. Ragsdil Rainey, Rainy, Raney, Rany, Reanys Rains, Raen, Rahn, Rain, Raines, Ranes, Rayn, Rayne, Eaynes, Reyen Ralph, Ealf Ralston, Ralstone, Rawlston, Rolston, Rolstone, Roulstone, Rowlstone Rarabo, Rambough , Rambow Ramev, Raimey. Rama, Ramay, Ranie, Ramme, Ramy, Reamey Ramsdell, Ramsdal, Ramsdale, Ramsdall, Ramsdel, Ramsdul, Ransdell, Ransel Ramsey, Ramsay, Ramsy Rand. Ran, Rands, Rann, Ranns, Ranse Randall, Randal, Randale, Randalls, Randals, Randel, Randell, Randels, Randil, Handle, Ran' died. Randies, Randol, Randols, Rendols Randolph, Randelph, Randolf, Randolfe '..'.[',.. Rankin, Rancan, Kanckens, Ranken, Rankens, Rankines, Ranking, Raiikins '..'.'.'... Ranney, Raimie, Ranny .,[.. Ransom, Ransome, Ranson, Ransone [][" Rapelye, Rapalje, Rapalye, Rapelje, Rapelyee EatclitI, Racklefl, Racklifle, Ractlifl, Radclifl, RadcliSe, Eadclift, Raddclifl, Eadlif, Radlifl Ratclif, Ratcliffe, Ratclift , Rathbone, Rathbane, Rathbon, Rathborn, Rathbun, Rathbum, Rothbone, Rothburn Ratliff, Ratlefl, Ratlief, Ratlif, Ratluf Kawlings, Raling, Rallins, Raulens, Raulings, Rawlins, Rollens, Roliin, Eoliine. Rollings Rollins ■ * Rawls, Rail, Ralls, Rawles Rawson. RausoD Ray, Rae, Raes. Rales, Rais, Raye, Rea, Reah, Reay, Reigh, Rey, Rhea, Rhey," Wray. ' Raybom, Raban, Rabon, Raborn, Raiben, Raibon, Raiborne, Raybon, Rayboum, Rarbum Raymond, Raiment, Raimond, Raimont, Raman, Rament, Ramon, Ramond, Ramont, Ray- man, Rayment, Raymon, Raymong, Raymont, Reaman, Reyman, Reymond EajTior, Rainer, Rainor. Raner, Ranor, Rayner, Raynour, Reighnear, Reighner, Reiner Rener, Renier, RejTiear, Reyner, Reynor, Rhainer, Rhener ' Razor, Raiser. Raizer, Rajor. Raser, Rasor, Razar, Razer, Reasor '.'/.'.]"[[ Reader, Reader, Reder, Redor, Reeder, Reider [1^ Ream, Reames, Reams, Rean, Reem, Reeme, Rehm, Rheam, Rheams, Eheeinj Ehein, Eheine Riehra ' Reardon, Rairden, Rarden, Raredan, Raredom, Reardan, Rearden !..!.!..!!.! Reasoner, Reasner, Reasnor, Reesner, Reisner, Resioner, Resner Eel)er, Reeber, Reiber, Rieber '.W.'.V.'.V.\'. Records, Reccord, Rechard, Reckard, Record, Reecord "!!!""!]! Redding, Raddan, Radden, Readen, Reddan, Redden, Reddin, Reding Redfleld, Radfleld .....".".■.■;.■.■.'.■.■. Redman, Radman, Readman, Reaidman, Redmon, Redmond Reed, Read, Reade, Reads, Rede, Reede, Reid, Reide, Rhead, Ried. Reel, Real, Reels, Rheel, Riehl .".'.'."".".' Reese, Reace, Rease, Reecc, Rees, Reess, Reesse, Reice, Reis, Reiss, Rese, Rheasei Ries Reeser, Reecer, Reesa, Reesers, Reeses, Reesor, Reester, Rieser, Riester Reeves, Reave, Reaves, Reavs, Reeve, Reevs, Reives, Reve, Reves, Rieves, Rives, Ryves Regan, Ragan, Ragen, Eagin, Eagon, Ragons, Raygan, Ravgen, Raygin, Reagan, Reagin Reagon, Regin, Regins Register, Regester, Registee, Rejester Helfl, Reels, Refe, Reife, Rieff 5.5 5.8 5.2 5.5 5.7 5.3 5.1 6.0 5.8 6.0 5.5 5.1 6.6 6.3 5.4 6.2 5.3 5.1 5.5 6.5 5.5 5.4 4.4 7.4 6.1 6.1 6.1 5.4 6.3 6.4 5.7 6.1 5.5 5.7 5.4 5.5 6.0 4.8 5.5 5.6 6.4 4.5 4.1 5.0 5.2 5.6 5.4 6.3 5.2 5.8 5.6 5.9 5.0 5.3 5.6 6.0 5.3 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.7 5.8 6.3 5.4 5.5 5.3 6.5 6.7 5.2 5.3 6.2 7.1 5.3 5.0 5.3 5.4 6.7 5.5 5.9 5.3 5.5 5.4 5.8 4.7 i 143 150 37 46G 27 22 67 129 44 26 90 146 168 16 21 33 34 37 127 17 22 39 27 20 17 134 32 66 17 229 31 55 47 23 51 32 80 42 20 24 18 30 45 40 39 42 26 26 77 191 105 348 62 79 39 90 24 76 80 23 143 56 66 337 19 72 29 57 57 24 15 18 23 47 38 56 1,201 21 148 23 202 54 25 23 637 724 157 2,071 127 95 272 645 211 129 409 597 775 84 93 170 146 151 577 93 99 173 93 127 164 290 90 1,226 147 278 213 108 223 143 403 169 90 110 98 105 140 161 162 194 114 139 323 920 4S5 1,713 249 342 179 447 104 348 355 627 264 267 1,444 83 847 312 159 326 242 102 78 109 162 249 5,696 95 731 99 905 235 119 84 HEADS or FAMILIES. 17 12 20 34 6 13 1 3 304 19 61 22 3 3 12 1 10 20 11 4 30 27 9 ;53 5 SO 20 10 8 5 17 20 12 GENERAL TABLES. 259 p!'"f't''i?''"'®''Y'^^"'®''' '?^,™<"'' Rehmcr, Reimer. Rhemar, Riehmer, Rlpraer Remick Reamich, lieamick, Remach, Remmeck, Remniick, Rem.nock Uhemack RererAems^on'."^'"": .^'^^^.T;. !'"'°'^^^^ Rex, Rix. Rice''R' JJ,''"'"''^' "'^''^^s- Khode, Rhods, R6ad, Roiidii.'RoadsVkode/Rddra.Kiiidji Rich, Reichriiiche','Riech,'RVtcti,'Rrtche. Richards, Relehard, Reichart, Richard, RIchardes, RItchard! Richardson, Ricljardison, Richai-son Ricliason, RichensonV Richi^^nVRich^bV Rlchison KIcliisson, Ritclianlson, RitcliiTsan. Kitcheson. "■•^.uauu, Richey, Richce, Richie. RIchv, Ritchev, Ritchie, Rl'tchy RichtrioDd. Kichraan, Kichmon Kickart, Reaki-rl, Kicard Ricaiid Richar, Rlchart,' Rlchhart,' Rlckai^d,' Rlckards.' Riikiit". RIckhart Richart, Uighhart, RIghkart, Rishart, Rvegirt, Rygert, Ryhiit, Rykert °""' Kicker, luker, Uycker T?i/»l.'Ptt': lii/>L-ot ' l?i/>l-n«>i T7inl'At„ 17i#.1>^»* T>'l-I.lt.V" " •-----•-■-............... Rickctts, Rickct, Kickcth, Rickets, Rickett, Rickitts Rickman, Rickmann, Rickmon, Ryckman Ricks. Kick, Ricke ^y ','iS^v''i".''.'^!'''v. i\e?dick', 'iieddeck; Reddick," RedeHck,' R^c,' 'itodick; 'Redig,' Rhidick. Rkldich. Riddish, Riddltt, Rideck, Ridyck ~^». Rid.lle, Uiddfl. Ridden, Riddels, Riddles, Rldle 1;i.l<^.n,.ii>- IJ.,,1^«V..^..- l>«.i: r>„:J i-.- i_ w^..""*.* J.'."/ •"*•■_ Riilenmir. Kidenhour. Kedmor. Reidenower, Kidenaur, Ridcnhowcr, RidoDour, Roadoimour Roadariiier, Kuadenhour, Rudeunancr * Rider, K u vdcr. R vder, \V rider RhU'o, Ridges, UIge W-W"]]]]". Ridgiey, Ridgeley. Ridgely, Ridgly ........'.'.' RIdgway, Regerway, RIdgaway, Rldgeway, Ridgwa, Rigiway .'..'.' Ridley, RIdly Rjegol, Reyal, Reget, Regil, Regie, Reichle, Reigel, Rlechel','Riegie,'Rigel,'RlggeU.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.".'.'.'."! Rile, Rifr, RICTe. ................... Rime, Rifle !....!"!!!!!!."!!!! •" RIgby, Rigbay, Rigbey, RIgble, RIpbee, Rigsbey, RIgsby •^..... ".'.'.'.'.'.' RIgdon, RIgden RIggan, Rigan, Riggans, Riggea, Riggin, Rigging, Rigglns ..........'.'.'.'.".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'." RIggs, Rigg, Rigs Rllcy, Reiphly, Rclhlee, Rellev, Relliev. Reilv, Revlev, Rhyley, RIghloy, Rigbly, RUeas.'RUee. Kilcigh. Rilley. Rily, Ryln, Ryle, Rviev. Rvlie,"Rvly RIne. Rein. Heine. Reines. Reins, Rhine, Righn, Rlhne, Rines, Rvne, Rynes Rinehart, Raluhart, Raneheart, Recnhart, Keihart, Reinard. Rci'nhard, Relnhart, Rbinebarit, Rhineheart, Rienhart, Rignhart, Rlnard, Rinehard. Rinehast, Rineheart, Rinehot, Rinert, Rinhart, Rynehart, Rynliot Ring, Ringe Ringgold, RIngold, RInold ]'.", Rinker Ripley, RIply. Rising Risley. Rltlcnhouse, Rltenhouse Rider, Reihlar, Righter, Riter, Rittar. Rivers, River, Rivor. Roach, Roache, Roch, Roche Roan, Roam, Roane, Robn, Rone Roath, Roth Robb, Roll, Robbe, Robbs, Robe, Robs Robbins, Rol)bln, Robcns, Robin, Robins, Rsbons Roberts. Hol>ard, Robards, Robarts, Robbard, Robbards, Robborts, Robbert, RobbcrU, Rob- erds, Robert Robertson, Roberson, Robartin, Robartson, Robason, Robbert^on, Robblrson, Robblson, Roberson, Iloberton, Robertrson, Robeson. Kobiiiison. Robirson.Kobisan, lioblson, Roblstone. Robinson, Ki'benson, Rhobbinson, Robanson, Robbinsan, RolK'nson, Roblnsone, RobnsoD Robuck, Rahuck, Robic. Roeback, Roebuck, Roorbach. Roorback, Rorbach, Rorebock Roby, Rohljie, Robey, Kobio Rock , Rucks Rockefeller. Rockwell, Rockwel Rockwood Rodman, lioadman, Rodanian, Rodeman, Rodlmon Rodnick. Roderick, Roderock, Rodrick, Rodroch, Rodrock, Rodroke, Rodtrock Rogers, RIdger, Rodger, Rodgers, Rogars, Roger, Roggers Rohrer, R orer, Rorrer Roles, Roals, Role, Roll, RoU Rolph, Roef, Roll, Rolle, Roll, Rolfl .- Roniine, Rohrman, Romain, Romaine, Roman, Romans, Romcyn, Romin, RommoD, Romoiun, Romvne, Ronan , Ronian ■ Rood, Uoode, Roods, Rudd, Rudde, Rude Rook, Rooke, Rooks, Ruke Roop, Roupo, Kouph, Jiup, Rui)e, Ruph, Rupp Roosa, Ruser, Rus.ia, Rusher Root, Rootes, Roots, Rute Ro[>er.. Ropes, Rop, Rope, Ropp RosocransiRoa^raiitz, iioscCTonsi RosegM Rosegranti, Rosekransr, Rosckrons, Rosen- crantz, Rosengrantz Roseter, Rositer, Rossetcr, Rossctter, Rossetur. Rossller Ross, Rosso ■• Rosser, Rochare, Roehure, Roshere, Rosier, Rosir, Rosor, Rossor Rossman, Roseman. Rosemond, Rosman, Rosmond, Rossmon Rounds, Round, Rouus S.4 t.i £.0 S.7 (i.2 S.9 4.S S.4 S.8 5.4 S.8 6.5 5.2 e.1 5.8 6.1 4.8 6.0 5.6 5.0 6.7 5.6 6.2 7.7 6.1 4.2 5.8 6.3 6.2 4.7 61 6.4 6.3 6.0 6.1 6.5 ai 5.S 6.3 6.1 6.4 6.3 6.7 6.7 4.4 4.8 4.0 £.5 6.7 6.8 6.6 5.7 5.7 4.8 6.3 6.1 6.4 5.7 6.3 5.6 5.8 6.6 7.0 6.7 6.6 5.9 5.9 6.0 5.6 6.7 6.2 4.8 5.5 5.6 «L0 6,1 S.6 4.8 S.2 &3 483 401 657 lU-l 4W) 773 3,723 111 502 125 629 124 l(M 4IS 184 171 2,388 I.NOS 933 2,104 ■B&D8 or rAMOisa. 33 181 19 34 44 28 21 17 19 34 IS 29 113 170 04 87 55 21 17 80 27 42 24 83 47 85 40 SO 49 364 820 681 823 26 81 22 10 101 34 28 28 ,ose 25 18 30 28 113 29 32 33 214 43 25 300 209 430 252 84 130 310 409 185 833 99 228 224 89 101 90 99 127 91 128 4l« 687 329 394 281 103 go 4Utt 118 222 113 384 158 321 145 135 228 1,090 3,093 3,177 3,829 98 436 90 80 477 181 125 133 4,910 149 85 104 1 I 3 8 20 17 23 7 44 59 223 10 75 10 108 38 253 1 2 7 16 49 130 654 117 146 154 I 1,110 I' 158 1: 113 1,350 I 14 49 35 i 1 i 9 21 52 129 1 U 23 43 4 61 13 A 36 130 34 123 441 2,010 27 I 103 21 88 4Sl 366 21 13 8'... 37 an 1S7 ss 6 16 10 110 17 1 I * » 49 J .... 4 I 18 I 1« '. 3 30 10 7 39 M 65 88 10 30 1 4 1 1 3 16 3 16 13 29 67 154 00 83 109 117 70 4 I..., 1 I 31 6 7 8 18 1 as 4 19 3 8 57 44 S7 37 14 3 I 1 1 3 8 19 U 260 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. n, , , . MOMFNrT ATTTRE DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 ^TIITE PERSONS, BY STATES TABLE lll.-NOMENCLATUR^E^DE^AUNG JPTH^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ X79(^Continued. Rountree, Roundtree R™ai"RoTan!'Ra'LrRowanB;RowenVRow^^^ Rowe Rhoe. Rhoes, Roe. Row, Rowes, Rows, Wroe. RoUands. Rowlands, Rowlin, Rowling, Rowlins „„„,„ Rowlev, Riulee, Rawle, Rawlee, Rawley, Rawly, Rowly, Royley. Roy, Rove ^ Royall, Royal, Royally, Royals Royce, Roirce, Rorse, Roys, Royse. Royer, Roya RSmith . Rudolph, Rudulph Rudy, Rudav, Rudey Rue, Rew, Rewes, Roo, Roux Ruff, Rough, Roughf, Rought, Hugh. .Rug. Rugg, ---„ — Ruggles, Rugles, Rugols Rule, Rools, Ruel, Ruhl, Rul, Rull. Rulin, Ruland, Ruling, Rulong. R ..unisev Rundlett, Rundlet, Runlett lunn'ls ^Runalds'f Rundei; Rundeli; Rundle; Rundte; Runeils, jiunels," Rl.Walds;Runnals; Riuinc'l, Runnelds, Runieles, Runnell, Runnelle, Runnells, RunniUs, Runnils, Runnold, Runnolds ■ ■ - - j. Runyan, Runion, Runnion, Runnions, Runyen, Runyon Rush. Roush, Ruash, Ruask Rushing. Rushcn, Rusing... ■■• Russd" RuS^Russalt Bussd^Ru^Vls,' Russii,' Bi^ili; Russlei RussuU, Rustle Rust. Rutherford, Ritheriord, Rotherford, Rutherfurd Rutledgc. Routledge, Rutchledge, Rutledg, Rutlege Rutter, Rutta, Rutu Rval Rial, Riale, Rials, Rvall. Ryals .■-• -• — -••■ Ryaii, Rian, Rion, Rions, Ryanes, Ryann, Ryans, Eyen, Ryend, Ryon, Ryond, Ryons. Sabin, Saban, Sabens, Sabine, Sabins, Saybins Sacket, Sackett Sadler, Saddler, Saidler Saflord , Saford Sailor, Sahkf,'SailVrVSailorV,"Saioior,'Saler, Sailer, Salor, Saylor, Saylors St. John. Saint John, St. Johns -■ -.-■- -•■•- -„••,■■■ Salisbury, Sailsberry, Salesbury, Salisberry, Salisburry, Salsberry, Salsbery, Salsburry, Sals- bury, Salusbury, Saulsberry, Saulsbury Salmon, Sallmon, Salman, Salmond, Salmonds, Salmons, Salomon Salter, Saltar, Saltcrs, Saltzer, Salzer, Saulter Sammis, Samis, Samnis Sammons, Sammon, Sammonds, Samons Sample, Sampel, Semple Samson, Sampson ■-,■";. ^ " ",." r^ ' " V Sanljorn, Sambom, Samboum, Samburn, Samburne, Sanbon, Sanbourn, Sanboume, faanbum, Sandborn. Sandbourn Sanders, Sander. Saunders, Bonders Sanderson, Sandorson, Sa\inderson Sands, Sand, Sandes. Sandt, Sann, Sans, Sant, Sants Sanford, Sandtord, Sandfort. Sandiford. Santford Sanger, Sangar. Sangor, Sangster, Senger Sargent, Sargant, Sargeant, Sarjant, Sarjants, Sarjent, Scargeant, Seargent, Sergant, Sergants, Sergeant, Sergeants, Sergent, Sergents, Serjant, Serjeant, Serjeants, Serjcnts Sartwell, Sarltell. Sartel, Sartell, Sartle, Sartwell, Sawtel, Sawtell, Sawtwel, Sawtwell Saterfield. Sarterflcld, Satterfleld, Saturfield Satterly, Saterley. Saterly. Satille, Sattaly, Satterlee, Sattille, Saturlee, Saturly, Settely, Setterlia Saul, Sail, Salle, Sails, Sauls Savage, Savidge Savery, Savory Sawin, Sawen, Sawing. Sawings, Sawins, Sawying Sawyer, Sawyear, Sawyers. Sawyes Sayles, Saile, Sails, Sale. Sales, Sayle Sayre, Saver, Sayers, Sayrs, Seayres, Seyer Scales, Scale, Sceales, Schalcs Scarborough, Scarber. Scarbor, Scarboro, Scarbro, Scarbrough, Scarbrow, Seharborough Scbermcrhorn, Scamchorn, Scermehorn. Schennerham, Schermerhorne Schnavely, Schnabcly. Schnablely, Sliavely Schoonmaker, Schonmakcr Schrack, Shraek, Shrake, Slircck, Shrock Schuyler. Scofield, Schofleld, Scoffleld, Scotfleld Scott, Scoctt, Scot Scouten. Scatton, Scotten, Seotton, Scoutan, Soouton. . . Scovil, Schovel, Scoval, Scovel, Scovell, Scovile, Scovill. Scran ton, Scrinton Scribner. Scrlvner, Scrivener, Scrivenor Scruggs, Scrag, Scraghs, Scrags Scudder, Skudder Seabury, Seaberry, Seaburry, Sebery, Seberrey Seal, Seale, Scales, Seals, Seelc, Sele, Seles Seaman, Seamman, Seamonds, Seamons, Sehman, Seighman, Seman, Semans, Semon. 4.2 6.0 5.1 S.9 0.1 5.9 6.4 5.4 5.3 5.5 6.0 5.7 6.3 6.4 5.2 5.6 5.5 6.0 5.9 5.0 6.1 5.8 7.0 5.5 5.7 5.6 6.2 5.8 5.7 5.6 6.4 4.9 5.8 6.2 4.7 5.2 C.3 6.9 5.7 5.3 6.3 5.9 5.8 6.0 6.6 5.5 5.5 4.8 6.9 5.0 5.5 5.6 6.2 6.0 5.7 6.2 5.8 5,3 4.6 6.5 6.1 5.3 6.7 5.2 5.8 6.5 6.9 5.1 5.2 5.9 7.2 6.2 6.9 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.0 4.6 6.4 6.9 8.6 6.2 4.5 6.1 6.3 6.2 30 63 49 347 84 163 105 27 35 30 22 22 21 27 30 48 40 59 22 20 30 24 l(i 97 214 203 1,693 428 754 468 119 149 134 111 103 91 145 125 223 179 294 108 80 153 114 96 160 23 111 22 43 719 71 30 36 43 67 39 117 74 76 68 60 76 45 73 113 47 67 28 24 48 170 219 618 104 82 235 34 253 53 24 29 33 176 27 28 395 60 40 20 65 62 14 45 15 22 112 791 23 82 27 44 18 25 33 22 37 727 108 608 115 206 3,410 324 162 140 206 295 146 495 395 373 319 257 404 221 354 562 262 265 125 91 284 6S2 987 2,372 543 407 1,102 HEADS OF FAMILIES. 176 1,210 229 86 169 167 765 164 118 1,880 328 237 81 276 306 87 235 89 97 609 3,520 92 371 120 217 136 104 114 112 160 370 > a 16 22 16 27 13 16 2 23 10 9 3 8 16 7 18 4 7 4 12 5 3 52 "i 3 9 "5 6 00 57 "i GENERAL TABLES. 261 Taule 111. -NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS RY STATES AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: noO-Conlinuod. Searing Smirls, Sarle. Sarli'S, Saris, Swirl, S.arlo, Soarles, Scrl, Scrle, Series,' SeruisuflraVsurli.' Sears. Sear, Seares, Seeres, Seers, Seirs ' Seat. Scales. Seals, Seels. Soils. Selu, Slcls SeaMell,Seavil,Seval, Seven, 8evllls,Sevils,Slvcal,Slvci,'srvlis Seay , Sea. Seas, See, Schy !!!!!!! Sebree, Sebry !!*.!!!!!!!!!!"!!!!!!] Seoord, Seaeer, Secars. Seeaur. Seeor. Seeker V "////.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.' ".V.V.'.'.'.'.V.V.'. SeerLst, Sacrlsl, Seaerlsl. Secresl. Secrets, Secrlss. Seeelirist. SeegrlsiisegrlJsti Sclniji Soliri .SeiiKwlck. SedRewli k. Sedglck. .Sedgwlth. Scdvlek. Sedwlck Sei'ly.Sealey. Seuly, Seeloy, Seclly, Seelye, Sellcv, Seley, Seh-, .Slely SeRar, (iKer. Seacar. Scager, Scagcrs, Sccgar, Secgiirs, .Sceger, Seogcrs, Scgars, Segcr. Solgcr, Sevier Selby. Selbe. Selbey ' " Selilen, Seldin ' Self Sell. Sells S.llrck.SelUk, Sells, SeHiek.Slllk,Simck,SlU(x-k Sell. rs. Cellars. Selhir. Sellars. Seller '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Selnian, Sellman, Selmonils, Selsm^w !!!!!!!!!!! Senter, Cenler, C'enlre, Senior ].!!!!!!!! Sessions, Session. Sessoms, Sesson, Sessons, Sessums '.'.'.'.'. Sever, Ceevcr, Cever, Seavcr, Scavcrs, Secver, Seevers, Seveir, Severe, Severs '.'.'.'.'.'. Severanee, Sevcrnce Sevey, Seavey, Seavy, Scve, Sevca, Scvoy, Scvy Se»all,Sewal, Siwef, Scwell, Sewlll, Sowel, Sowcll, Suel Seward, Seaward , Seawood, Sewards, Scy ward Sexton, Saxton, Sexien, Sixton Seviiiour, Saymore, Saymour, Seamcr, Seamers, Scamore, Seamour, Seemore, Eemoiir, Seymor, '"■evniore. Slmckleford, Shackelford, Shackford , Shacklefoot, Shakford, Shaklefoot Sha'le, Seha'le, Schaid, Shead Shaler, Khallor, Shavler Sh I'lk. Suhanek, Sehenek, Schenk, Schink. Shaiick, Shanks, Shcnck, Shenk Shannon. Shanam, Shanan, Shannan, Shaoon, Sbennon, Shcnon, Shlnnan Shaple y, Shaplaw', Shapleigb Shari>."Sharpc, Sherp .-^harjiless, Sharf)les Slialluck, Shatock. Shallock, Shaluck Shaver, SchaelTer. SehalTer, Schaver, Schcffer. Schiller, Shafer, Shaffer, Shavor, Shavours, Shavrer, Sheafer. Shealler, Sheaver, Sheavor, Shcfer, SheOcr, SheSor Shaw, Shawe, Shaws Shav, Shavs. Shea. Shcy Shoafe, Shaaf, Shall. Shaft, Sharff, Shcal, Sheafc, ShcafI Shearer. Soberer. Shara, Sliaraw, Sharer, Sharler, Sharrer, Shcen-r, Shecrlr, Shercr, Shcrre, Sherrar. Sherror. Shierer. Shirer, Shlrow, Shirror ; Shearln. Sharan. Sharran, Sharron, Shcaron, Sherin, Shcroon, Shlron Sherl. She.M.Sheeil , Sheer. Share. Shares. Shear. Shears, Shcors, Shelrs, Shier, Shleis Sheets. Kheats, Sheet, Sheotz, Shctc Shellield, Shoflold. ShllTiclds, Shullicid, ShuOeld Sheldon, Schelton, Sheldon, Shcldin, Sheldlng, Sheldonc, Sheldom, Sheldron, SheKon Shell. Shell V, Sohallov, Scbollv, Shalley, Shallv, Shealy, Shecley, Shcely, Shelev, Shcllcv She|.|ir'lson,Shcperdson, Shephensen, Shephcrdson, Sheppardson, Shepperdson, Shepperson, Shepherd. SebiVierdrshapard, Sliappart, Sh.inpert. Shepard. Sheperd, Sbepbard, Shepbert, Shi ppa(l,Shi i.p;ir 116 25 ! 17 I 39 24 69 24 21 loa 31 118 1,979 204 80 121 ,079 128 UK )>» 126 240 231 159 129 216 93 127 101 73« 178 208 1H7 { 670 1 132 92 I 117 ; 116 2W 111 102 107 131 1! . u il 9 43 7 63 ...( 17 ... 1 1 7 2 18 21 42 4 3 3 28 20 1 6 1 I 13 10 12 2 6 .... 2 « I S 26 166 2 I I ....I 6 13 22 6« 4 130 08 2 1:1 iL 8 .... * > 4 3 U 2 2 .... 2 a lil 4 8 3 ... 1 60 I 12 I 4 1 l!l6|... ■•-I * * ...21 U 3 1 ..... . ... I 2 17 M 67 4 6 3 26 1 1 : 21 .... -3 22 54 19 4 46 ' 4 1 I 2 ;.... 43 63 a I 20 I 73 212 12 63 87 8 12 2 i 7 1 21 1 .... 12 I 5 62 46 II 6 18 11 13 36 28 66 l*^.'' U U u .*.!..^|■ 21 3^,-8-1 * 12 1< 1 1.1 . . 20 IM 5 11 a 10 14 1 6 14 1 3 IS 7 * 17 6 31 34 13 6 .... 4 1 .... .... 1 21 19 5 4 • 23 26 9 1 4 IS a 1*1 I t V 66 « • 16 t 3 4 7G292— 09- -18 262 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 11 l.-NOMENOLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790— Continued. Shumway Shurtllfl. Shircled, Shirtlef, Shirtlefl, ShirtliS. Shlrtlifls, Shirtlift, Shurtlif, Shurtlitt Shuns, Sherts, Shertz, Shirt, Shirts, Shirtz, Shurt Shusler, Schuster. Shoester Shute, Schut, Schuts, Schutt, Shoot, Shoote, Shoots, Shootz, Shoutz, Shutes, Shuts, Sbutt, Shutts, Shutz Sibley, Cibley, Siblv Sickler, Sicklor, Sicler, Slklair, Syelear Sickles, Sickcls, Sickle, Sides Sidwcll. Seidel, Seidle, Seydel, Sidal, Siddle, Sidell, Sidle, Sydle Sigler, Seagler, Segalcr, Se'gler, Siegler, Sighler, Siglar, Sigleer Sikcs, Sykes Sill, Sile, Siles, Sills, Svlcs, Syll SiUimaii. Sileman. Silemon, Siliman, Sillaman, Slllimon, Silloman Sllsbv, Silisl>e, Sillsbie, Silsbe, Silsbee, Silsbey Silver, Siliver, Silvers Silvester, Sylvester Simmerman, Cimermin, Simennan, Simermon, Sininiermon Simmons, Cimmins, Simraans, Simmens, Simmins, Simmon, Simmond, Simmonds, Sinmons, Symmonds, S\'mmons Simons, C'iman. Seimon, Siman, Simands, Simen, Simon, Simond, Simonds, Symon, Symond, Syraonds, Symons Sinionson Simonton, Simenton, Simington, Symenton Simpson, Cempsen, Simeson, Simison, Simson, Sympson Sims, Semmes, Sim, Simes, Siinin, Simmes, Simins, Sym, Syme, Symes, Symiues, Sjinms, Syms '- " Sinclair. Saintclair, St. Clair, St. Clear, St. Clere, Senkler, Sinckler, Sinclar, Sinclare, Sinclares, Sinclear, Sincleer, Sincler, Sinclere, Sinelier, Singclair, Sinklar, Sinklear, Sinkler Singer, Singars Singietary, Singeltary, Singletarry, Singleterry Singleton, SinEellton,«Singelton, Singeltong, Singlton, Sinlileton Sink, Sinck, Sinks Sipe, Seip, Seipe, Sipes, Sipps, Sips, S>'pe, Sypes, Syps Sisson, Scisou, Scisson, Sisam, Sisem, Sison, Sissen,"Sissom Skelton, Sk ilton Slddmore, Schedmore, Schidmore, Scidmore, Scudmore, Shidmore, Skedmore, Skldmer. . . Sk-ifl, SciS. Skell, Skille. Skift Skillings, Seeling, Skellen, SkelUng, Skillen, SMllens, Skillern, Skillin, SMlling, Sklllins Skinner, Skiner, Skinnr Skipper, Scipper, Seipper, Skipperd Slack,Slcck Slade, Slades, Slaid, Slead Slagle, Slagel, Slegel Slater, Sclater, Shlater, Slader, Slator, Slatter, Slayter, Slaytor, Sleater, Sleighter, Sleyhter . . Slaughter, Slauter, Slauwter, Slawter Slawson, Slason, Slausen, Slauson, Slosson Slay ton, Slaten, Slaton, Slatten, Slayden, Sletten Sleeper Sleght, Slate, Slates, Slats, Sleight ;;;" Sloan, Sloane, Slon, Slone, Sloon, Slowan, Slown '." Slocum, Sloaknm, Slocom, Slocomb, Slocome, Slocumb, Slokura Sluvter, SUghter, Sliter, Slvter Sly, Schley, Sligh, Slj'e . . .'. '." [[[.'." [ Small, Smals, Smalts, Smaltz, Smalz, Smawl Smalley, Smaley, Smally, Smawley, Smayley !..!!!!!!!!!! Smallwood, Swallwood '.'....'.'. Smart ].."!"!..'!!.'!."!]! Smead, Smedes, Smedis, Smee, Smeed Smedley, Smeadley , Smedly .■ ..'. " Smiley, Smileiy, S'milie, Smilley, Smilly, Smlly, Smyley Smith, Schmidt, Shmit, Smidtt, Smit, Smithe, Smitt, Smltz, Smyth Smither, Smithers ^ Smock, Smoke, Smooli .'.".'.".".'."!."!.'] Smoot, Smutz "[ Snead, Snede, Sneed ; Snell, Schnell, Shnelle '-.\'.\\'.'..'.'.\'.'.'.'.\'.'.'.'.[ Snipes, Snipe, Snips ! " '," Snively, Shnively, Sneveley, Snevcly, Snivley " Snodgfass, Snodgres, Snodgress, Snudgrass '.'.'.['..'.'. Snook, Snoke, Snouk, Snuke .'.'.'..'..'. Snow, Snows .'.'.'.'..'."'.'.'.'.] Snowden, Snoden, Snodon, Snoton Snyder, Schneider, Schnider. Schnidor, Schnieder, SchnvdeK Schnydore simeider Shnevdor Shnidcr, Shnyder, Sneider, Snevder, Snider, Snidere,"Snydor ■ j . Solomon, Salamon, Solomons, Soimon, Soloman, Solomans, Solomons Soper, Soaper Sorrel!, SarroU, Sorell, Sorrel, Sorrels, Sorrils .".'.' ."^ .'!!!."!.' .'! Souder, Sooter, Sootor, Souders, Souter '.'.'.'.'.'. Soule, Soal, Soale, Solds, Sole, Soles, Soil, Soul, Souls, SowJe. South, Soutch Southerland, SotherUn, Sotherline, Southeriin, s'ouhVeriine' ' Southorlin7 " Surtherland Sutherland ' ' Southern, Sothoron, Southen '.',.'."." ' Southward, Southard, Southward '."['.'.['.'.['..'..'. Southwick, Southwic '..'..'. South wortli '...'..]'.'.'.'.'.'..'.[ Soward, Saward, Sayards, Say ward, Sowards, Sowart..' .".",".".*]"," ."."!"! Sowers, Saner. Saur. Soner, Sour, Sours, Sower, Sowts... .'.'.'..'..'. SpalTord. Spafard, Spofford '..'..'.'.'...'. Spain, Spane '.['[ Spalding, Spaldan, Spalden, Spaldin, Spaldon, Spaldwin, Spauiding, Spolden sWd'n Spangler, Spengler ' ^ Sparhawk, Sparahauk, Sparowhawk [.]]...[". Sparks. Sparkes, Spearks [[[[ Sparrow 6.6 5.5 5.4 S.2 5.6 6.0 6.0 5.7 4.8 6.5 S.3 6.1 5.1 5.9 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.6 6.8 5.9 5.4 6,1 6.6 5.2 5.7 6.9 6.3 6.0 5.6 6.7 6.3 5.7 5.5 5.9 6.9 6.6 6.0 6.0 5.4 6.2 6.3 5.7 6.3 5.8 6.3 5.8 6.2 6.6 5.1 4.6 5.3 6.6 6.1 5.9 5.6 6.9 4.9 5.3 4.9 5.9 6.4 7.8 6.7 6.0 S.8 4.7 6.0 6.5 5.7 5.7 6.6 5.6 6.6 6,4 6.4 5.8 5.3 6.5 5.: 6.3 6.1 ().8 6.6 6.2 5.5 6.8 6.2 31 41 28 21 92 68 17 39 32 24 102 64 29 22 34 107 32 436 311 21 31 371 215 97 31 25 65 21 24 87 26 43 18 21 234 22 40 76 20 64 73 38 25 42 42 108 80 24 33 139 47 43 60 27 23 46 .5,932 15 29 36 45 117 19 17 23 19 326 40 517 31 66 18 37 115 16 100 22 69 38 46 28 44 67 16 280 42 21 97 36 SI a 174 184 124 88 424 337 85 184 121 133 436 262 120 108 150 467 138 1,984 1,440 121 152 1,638 1,043 399 144 105 307 103 128 438 117 204 95 98 1,048 107 236 360 103 317 318 196 133 198 221 620 425 115 172 640 195 154 260 151 118 224 27,313 89 112 164 176 674 84 116 130 95 1,557 148 2,564 141 304 85 207 526 89 636 96 281 163 262 114 191 343 93 1,294 217 96 470 1S3 HEADS OF FAMILIES. a K B i a 1 > p a ■0 3 1 > 1 ■a □ t a 2 'B > a 1 a .a 5 2 23 23 2 3 1 3 16 2 40 2 7 24 2 3 6 'V2 16 9 2 9 10 19 15 2 25 8 3 6 1 16 19 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 6 7 1 10 4 2 11 44 "i 6 4 5 "i 1 1 3 2 3 40 4 1 1 6 1 "2 1 1 22 1 4 1 13 9 21 19 3 5 10 1 2 1 2 3 73 1 ? '22' 7 12 3 ■"s' 7 10 50 3 13 8 49 "2 36 2 "5' 86 4 2 3 7 10 68 54 15 26 14 26 17 92 39 23 19 2 37 22 2 10 55 1 14 43 20 12 38 1 40 48' 6 65 27 2 14 3 42 2 4 1 21 4 2 6 14 40 43 40 38 5 21 4 1 5 7 2 20 24 14 3 3 1 9 » 1 4 16 12 3 3 "i' 2 1 1 24 10 R 1 3 10 19 4 9 1 4 2 2 1 13 6 "7' 3 9 ■"fl 20 5 2 7 6 33 35 4 2 5 6 10 '23' 3 6 A 1 1 7 5 6 9 1 9 12 67 35 1 5 2 27 10 3 11 1 1 .... 5 1 3 5 21 4 5 2 16 "ii' 11 15 2 8 2 8 10 6 3 11 16 27 3 7 15 2 1 .... 2 3 1 1 3 2 1 1 4 2 5 3 6 1 7 14 21 "3' 10 2 13 9 6 20 1 1 3 9 1 3 1 36 3 25 13 13 21 6 5 7 '32' 2 5 1 1 29 3 1 2 15 4 7 4 1 2 3 1 7 9 '23" 1 S 4 "3' 4 2 7 "2 1 1 425 7 2 4 11 4 6 26 3 1 '25' 4 5 13 8 7 2 11 5 'io' 1 22 9 2 2 1 3 3 3 1 1 6 24 3 2 3 8 "5' 383 7 6 1 2 257 8 4 3 1,028 3 13 19 838 4 18 1 1 396 "3 31 5 9 5 193 3 366 4 725 2 2 1 25 14 11 1 174 767 380 ? 4 , 4 4 1 5 2 38 6 2 15 10 8 6 17 22 2 2 15 313 4 .... 25 2 3 8 1 1 1 13 8 4 1 6 40 2 13 "2 1 3 4 10 35 20 n 179 1 10 29 14 ■ 16 4 3 1 2 5 1 19 2 1 14 11 15 8 3 7 3 120 8 15 2 ir> 5 4 2 14 10 .... 4 14 "5' 2 22 5 2 '26" 1 1 '"5" 6 46 1 5 1 23 5 35 '27' 7 5 2 •> 6 1 1 1 14 's' 4 "::::: 1 3 1 7 2 3 22 32 9 "7" 2 1 12 1 2 23 1 6 3 8 1 2 1 11 4 3 q 18 26 .....:. 6 11 19 49 29 82 3 45 18 4 38 1 13 2 29 2 If 2 "2 2 6 2 2 12 2 8 1 8 2 6 24 6 13 9 15 6 11 GENERAL TABLES. 263 Table 111, -NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS HY STATES AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-<'onlinui-.l Spatz, Spade, Spades, Spacht. Spaight, Spates Speaks, Speak, Speakc, S[M'eks Spears, Spear, .six^iire, S|»ares, bpcer, Speers, Speir.'sJMlni SpieusV Spier! SpimVsiAraa Spelman, Speamiau, Spoetman, Speilman, Spollman «- ' *- » i- Spencc Spencer, Spenscer, Spenser, Spensor, Spinccr Sperry, Sp<'<'rry, Sporey [[][ Spicer, Spiear, i^piscr "" SplRht, SpciKht, Spights Spikeman, Speakraan, Spit^kman, Spekman, SpiclOTian. Spink, .Spinck, Spinks, fepynk Spinney, Spinny Splvcy', Spiva, tipive, Spl\-y Spooner. Spoor, Spoar, Spoore, Spore Sprague, SpraKc Spralg, Sprauge, Spreague. Sprigg, SprpKS, Sprig, Spriggs Spring, Springs SprinKer. Spranger Sprin^stwl. Sproiil, Spraul, Sprawls, Sprole, SprouU, Sproals, Sprowl, Sprawls.. Spruil. Spruell, fc pruril Spur, Spuir. Spurling. Sparlin, Sparling, Spurlln Squire, Squalr. Squecr, Squier. Squiers, Squires, Squirres.-Squro.. Staats, Slalc, States, Stats, Stall, Stalls, Stauts Stackhouse . Stacy, Slaccy, Slacia, Stasey, Staycy. Stauord. Slagg, Stag, Slaije, Staggs, Stags Staggi'rs, Stager, Stagers, Staggar, Staggart, Stagger, Stayger, Steger, Steghcr, Steleer Stalev. Stallv, Stalv, Stehlv Stall,' Slaal.Staals, Sl:ihl, Stal, Stale, Stales, Stalls Stallings, Stalints, Stallens, Stallins Stallions, Slailians, Stallion, Stallons Standish, Standaye, Stanniyh Stanfield, Standfield, Stanfild, Ktanfill, Siondileld Stanford, Standi-rford, Standlord, Standiford, Staniford, StaDniford Stanley, Stand l*y, Standly, Stan lay, Stanly Stannard, Stanard, Standard, Standart, Stannert, Stanord, Stonnard Stansbury , S t.iiil mrry, Stan bun,', Slansbery Stanton, "Stanlown, Staunton. .*. Stanwood I Staples, Stapels, Staple, Stapole Starboard, Starberd, Slarbird, Starbord Starbuck, Stiirbrick Staring, Stauring Stark, Starck, Starke, Starkes, Slarks, Steark Starkev, Starky Stark« lather, Slackweather, Starkwether, Stearkweather Starling, Starlin Slams, Starn, S tames Starr, Star, Starrs, Stars Stalon, Stat< n, Statten, Station, Slattons, Staylon Stauller, Staufer, Slofi r. Stoller, Klopher, Stoplior, Stonier, StouOer, Stoupber, Stowler Slcaman, Slaynian, St*-inian, Stenian, Steniane, Stemon Steams, Steam, Stearnes. Stem. Sterne, St^'mes, Stems Stebbin.s, St-bbens, Sl^bbin, Stebens, Stebins. Stibbins Stedman, Stead man, Stednion. Steeiiman, Sle(*dinon Steel, Steal, StJMie, Steals. Steele, St.-(ll,St<'il, Stell, Stclls Steeiibergh, Steenberg, SurnberKli, Stemburgh, Strenbergh Steer, Stear, Stphins, Stetphen, Stevans, Slevins, Sliven, Slivens, Stivin, Stvens Stewart, Sti-nad, St. iiard, Steuart, Steucl, Steward, Slewat, Stewerd, Stewert, Stewort, Stuard, i St uarl , St uert, S twan Stiekne V, Sliekn y ■ Stiles, Stile, St vies, Styls Still, Stil,Stille,Stilles Stillman, Stilman Slillwell,Stelwill,Stillwill,StUwcll,Stilwill Stilson , Stillson , Stiltson Slinipson, Stimpon, Stimson Stiner, Steinir, Stvner Stinson, Stanson, Stcinson, Slenson, Stienson, Stlnsen Stiver, Stever, Slevers, Stivers Slock, Stockc, Slocks Storking, Stoekin.Stoekings Sloeknian,Sunkiiian.Sloekennan Stockwell,Stoek\vil,Stokell Stoelon, Stock 1 i 2 9 24 1 -a a a a 1 a p •a" 40 3 13 'i > a a (S 6 2 18 6 12 1 23 a 3 t a 12 2 10 1 .2 a > .... 1 14 d 2 "ii" 1 g & 5.9 7.0 5.9 6.2 8.6 6.4 6.7 5.7 6.4 5.2 5.9 6.1 5.4 6.2 5.7 6.1 5.5 5.3 5.2 5.2 6.5 6.9 6.1 6.0 5.3 5.3 6.0 6.4 6.4 5.2 5.3 6.7 5.8 6.8 7.6 5.1 5.0 5.8 5.5 6.5 6.2 7.1 5.4 6.0 6.0 5.7 6.8 5.8 5.3 6.4 6.9 6.8 6.2 6.0 5 8 4.8 4.7 6.6 6.0 6.8 6.1 6.6 6.0 6.3 4.7 5.6 5.6 5.5 6.8 6.7 6.6 5.8 6.4 4.8 4.4 6.6 6.3 5.5 4.8 6.9 5.3 6.9 6.0 5.3 5.3 5.8 6.8 62 46 128 22 12 21 72 18 84 88 73 37 32 44 115 34 27 66 61 20 147 34 21 212 21 63 20 33 26 62 31 40 96 89 IS 30 162 18 177 128 19 14 205 21 21 332 25 114 43 28 286 41 64 159 18 21 64 22 113 108 54 22 127 62 47 38 65 126 28 48 46 30 66 68 29 1,709 30 66 23 19 99 55 23 25 47 47 188 305 275 629 115 91 114 338 85 457 368 355 188 140 229 637 175 122 286 254 84 606 199 107 1,061 90 229 100 144 115 209 133 229 458 424 lis 122 651 87 800 682 99 S6 908 106 85 1,557 144 651 184 152 1.40S 330 801 87 80 237 124 570 .517 274 98 632 278 176 176 255 573 133 226 212 144 248 258 99 7,738 159 297 88 113 421 268 114 108 200 227 898 1 4 5 9 7 12 16 15 1 8 Stott 'stoats 'stot Stots Stotts 2 1 3 12 2 9 18 5 8 6 10 3 9 11 1 7 20 2 9 1 Stoutenbur^h Stoughtenburgh Stcutenbergh, Stoutenburg 21 1 6 34 7 3 3 11 "3' 7 9 12 6 16 1 "4 2 1 6 6 1 ? 2 6 1 4 7 3 35 35 4 ■fo" 26 8 •> Straight Strait Strate, Streat, Streight 1 1 1 1 "is" 16 •^ Strain, Stran, Strane, Stra^Ti, Strean n 6 61 1 3 2 2 13 n 1 3 S 21 11 2 Straw 1 3 3 5 7 4 9 3 14 4 .... 8 1 "7' 5 8 11 2 1 78 9. 1 17 1 17 "3' 15 Streeter, Strater, Streiiter, Streator, Streetor, Streter, Struter 2 13 11 10 26 7 6 2 14 18 32 6 5 3 4 "4" 6 "4 1 2 9 26 4 Strickler, Striiklar, Stricler Strint:er ^ 1 6 '32' 1 30 .... 1 30 3 7 5 14 ■^ Strong, Stronge 88 7 Strother, Slrauther, Strawther, Strothers 7 Stroud, Strode, Strowd 2 1 2 2 Strouse, Straus, Stranse, Strauss, Strous 1 1 4 1 g 2 17 Strowbridge, Stra-.vbrege, Strawbridge, Strobridge, Strowbridg "9" 4 4 9 7 20 1 2 2 7 2 22 1 Stubbs. Stubb. Stubs, Stulbs R Studley, Stoodley, Stoodlv, Studly 2 2 2 Stump, Stutnip 1 7 21 "i' 11 10 11 2 2 1 29 Sturdevant, Sterdefent, Stertwant, Stirdivan, Studefent, Studerfent, Studifent, Studiphunt, Studvent, Sturdaphant, Sturdavant, Sturdefant, Sturdephant, Sturdevant, Sturdevent, Sturdi- fent, Sturdiphant, Sturtevant, Sturvant 11 1 4 5 31 10 14 36 10 2 "28" 42 10 22 29 2 2 5 Sturges, Stergis, Stiu-gis, Sturgus , Suber, Berber, Serter, Subers, Surber 5 Sugg, Suggs, Sugs I Sullivan, Sewlovan, Sulavan, Sulaven, Sulifen, Sulifln, Sulivan, Sulivane, Suliven, Sullavant, Sullaven, SuUavent, Sulla\nn, Sulleven, SuUivane, Sullivant, Sulliven, Sullivent, Sullivern, Sylivan, Svilivan 8 4 1 3 1 10 16 4 29 25 23 Summerlin, "Sumerland, Summerland 4 Summers, Somer, Soniers, Sonuner, Sommers, Suraers, Summer, Summere, Summers 2 2 1 6 5 9 5 2 54 "6 29 17 11 2 1 35 23 8 18 Sumner, Sumnar, Sunmers 1 Sunderland, Sunderliu 4 1 Supple, Suplee, Supplee Sutton, Sutou, Sutten 2 6 8 7 26 21 21 16 47 13 Suydam Swagart, Swaggert, Swegart, Sweigard, Swergart, Swigard, Swigart, Swigert 18 33 1 73 1 8 4 2 22 7 3 3 36 11 44 7 93 5 27 19 24 34 18 8 43 7 Svvartwout, Swarthout, Swartout, Swartwaut Swartz, Schwartz, Swart, Swarts, Swarz 3 4 Swasev, Swaesy, Swazey, Sweasey, Sweasv, Sweesy, Swesey, Swesy, Swezey, Swezy 8 1 13 1 .... 1 5 5 Swearingen, Swaringen, Swaringim, Swaringin, Swearengen, Swearingem, Swearinggam, Swearinggame, Swearinggen, Swearingham, Swearingon, Sweamggen, Sweringam. . . 8 "i" 7 Sweet, Sweat, Sweatt, Sweit, Swet. .Swete, Swett, Swetz.. 31 6 5 3 30 2 1 3 13 2 1 19 42 9 27 71 65 2 9 14 76 4 1 10 3 10 Sweetland, Swatland, Sweatland, Swedeland, Sweitland, Swetland, Switland. Sweet^er, Sweitzer, Swetser, Switser, Smtzer 5 9 ? Swift, Sweft, Swif 24 2 3 10 9 20 6 1 Swim, Swaim, Swimb, S^\imm, Swims Swindall, Swendel, Swindell, Smndill, Swindle 1 Swinney. Swamey, Swamy, Swaney, Swany, Sweaney, Sweany, Sweeney, Sweeny, Sweney, Swermey, Swiney, Swinne, Swiimy "4" 4 "i' 6 1 1 2 3 41 74 6 10 18 7 3 1 13 2 19 7 1 10 19 7 1 5 Swisher, Swicher, Swicker, Switcher, Switchur, Swsher Tabor, Taber, Tabour 4 8 13 1 2 4 16 6 1 2 3 32 4 2 2 6 4 Taft, TaalT, Taalle, Taft, Taffs, Taflt, Tafts Taggart, Tagard, Tagart, Tagert, Taggard, Taggert, Tagget, Taggort, Taggot, Teegard, Tegart. . 19 2 5 ?. Tainter, Taintor 10 3 39 Talbot, Talberd, Talbert. Talbott. Talbut, Talbutt, Tallbard, Tolbart, Tolbert, Tolbot, Tolbott Torbatt, Torbcrt, Torbit, Torbutt > . > . uiuun. 3 2 25 33 18 5 10 Taloott, Talck-ut, Talcot, Tolcot, Tolcott Tallcy , Taley . Tally 1 39 6 1 Talmage, Ta'lhnadge, Talmadge, Tamage 2 3 3 1 2 5 5 2 23 11 18 ■3 15 3 7 2 1 7 19 29 26 17 .... Tahnan, Taleman, Tallman, Tallmans, Talmon, Tauhnan 3 16 1 8 2 26 "io" 1 Tanner, Taner, Tanna, Tannar, Tannir. Tannor "2 4 16 io' 2 1 5 9 5 10 1 6 Tappen, Tapin, Tappan, Tappin. Tapping.. Tarbell, Tarabell, Tarball, Tarbalt, Tarbble, Tarbel, Tarbi'l, Tarbie 1 1 Tarbox 2 Tarlton Tarr, Tar 14 13 6 ""e" 2 190 "2 1 6 1 13 24 294 16 10 Tate, Tait, Taite Talom, Tatum, Teatuni 1 228 10 .... "2 20 "is Taylor, Tabler, Tader, Tadlor, Tailor, Talor, Tayler, Tayl'oe, Tayiore, Tayiour 38 1 3 98 62 43 ■'3' 139 1 5 1 165 1 11 U 16 6 2 4 25 43 207 2 21 .... 141 1 1 "i' 101 Teague, Tcag, Tcage . 5 1 4 1 5 Telford. Tilford. Tolford, Tylford Teller, Tcler, Teller '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Temple, Tempele, Temples Templeton.Tcmpellon Tenant, Tenent, Tennant, Tennent Ten Brock, Ten Broecek, Ten Broeck, Ten Brooek, Ten lirooi-... 6 1 "6 "3" 24 3 1 2 3 10 7 3 Ten Eyck, Tanich, Ten Eck, Tennick, Ten Nycke, Ten Tyckc ; ' ; 4 Terry, Terey,Terrey,"Tery ■■-iii!-i^"!!!!!!; !!!!!! ^ !!!!!""! ii 6 2 25 20 "4 i 30 hi 'ii' i 3 '33" i 19 i 12 GENERAL TABLES. 265 Table IIL-NOMKNTLATURE, DEALIN'O WITH NAMES REPKr.SENTKD BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS BY STATES AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST ( EXSUS: 1790-(ontinu.Hl ' Terwililper, TcrwIllcRcr, Tpwlllopcr, Tlrwllleccr, TniwIlURar Teter, Teclor, Tector, Tetcrs, TcHor Tew. Tewksbury, Touksbury, Tcuxbury, Tewkbury, Tewkesbury, Tueksbii'ry, Ti'iexbury Tuk'ii-' berr/,Tukcsbury,Tu-xbury ' ThackV r, Thaker ][[[ ThatrhiT, Thachcr, Thracher ......', TliaNter, Thaxtor Thaver, Thalr, Thare, Thayrc, Their, Theyar Thealo, Tho.ii ; ; ; Thomas, Tbomos, Thommas, Tomas, Tomes, Tommns Thompson, Thomason, Thomcrson, Thomlson, Tbomsin, Tbomson, Tomiison. Tomlaon, Tomp- son, Toinson *^ Thom . Thome [''" Thom!>nrv, Thornberry, Thorabery, Thorasl)erry, Thorasburry, Thomsbun- Thom.like Thornton, Thaiinton, Thonton, Thorton, Thronton Thorp, Tharp, Tbarpe, Thcarp, Thorpe, Thrope Thrall Thrasher. Thresher Thrift. Thrilli Thrdnnorton, Thro^morton Throop, Thiiop, Throope, Throp, Thrope, Throup, Tlhroop Thurhor, Thirl.nr '.'.'.'.'.".'. Thurmond. Thrrman. Thermon. Thinnan, Thumian. Thurmon Thurston, Thlrston, Thurstain, Thnrsten, Thurstin, Thurstone, Thustcn, Thustln, Thuston.i TlhtiaMs. Tehliakls, TiWialls. TlWrnls, TIMiells, Tihbels, Tibbie. Tibbies. . Tlbbets. Tel.liits, Tel.l.etl.«. Tehlilts, Thil.liett, Tlbbats, Tlblwt, Tibbett, Tlbbctts. TVbblt. Tlb^ hits, TIbl.ltts, Tibljots, TlblU Tire, Tvce TIdd. Tier, Tear, Tears, Teer, Tiers Tlffanv, Tifenv, Tldeney, Tlffeny, TlfTlny Tift. TllT. Tllli Tilden, Tel.len, Tlldan Tlleston. Tilestone, Tilston Tillfv. Tllev, Tillie. Tlllv. Tllv, Tvly Tilllnqhast.' Tillenghast. Tllliiiiihass, Tllllnshurst Tillotson, Tillerson, Tille.son, Tllletson, Tllllsen, TilUtson, Tilloson, Tlllolon, Tlllson, Tllblron, Tllson. Tilman, Tllchman, Tillman, Tilmon, Tiltman. Tilton, Tillton Timmons, Timmlns, Tlmmonds, Timons Timms, Tims Tindale, Tlndal, Tindall, TIndIc, Tinsdalc Tinker. Tinkham, Tinkam, Tinkum. Tlnnev, Tinnv, Tj-ncy Tlnslev, Tinslv Tlppett , Ti ppet Tipton, Tvpton Tlsdale, Tcasdale, TIsdal, TIsdall, Tlsdel, Tisdell, Trisdal, Twisdale. Titfomb Titus, Tilas, Tltls Tol ley, Toby Tobias Todd, Tod. Tolor, Toaler, Tolar, Towler Tolman, Toleman, Tollman Toisin, Tolson, Toislon, Toltson Tomlinson, Tliomlinson, Tombirlinson, Toml)lin.son, Tomerllnson, Tomllndson, Tomiison. Tompkins, Thon)kin, Thomjikin.s, Tonikins, Tompkin Toms. Thom, Thomb, Thumbs, Thome, Thorns, Toam, Tom, Tomm Tone V, Tony Toole'v, Tool v Toppan, Topham , Toppen, Toppens, Toppin Torrence, Torenee, Torranre, Torrans, Torrens, Torrors Torrny, Torcy, Torrv, Torv Totten, Torton, Toten, To'tton Tower, Touers Towle, Toal, To!e, Toles, Toll, Tolles, Towl, Towles, Towls Town, Toun, Tonne, Townd,Townc,Townes, Towns Towner, Touner ■ • ■ ■ • ■ ■ ; ■ • . . Town.sij'd, Toimsand, Tounsend, Tounshend, Towndserd. Townstmd. Townsep. Tn«-n.ih»rd, i Townshend,Townsin, Townson Townsle V, Townlev, Town.slv Traev, Traccv, Traiev, Trasec, Trassc, Traay, Trcac\ Trail, Tnilc, Trail...". Train, Traine Trask Traver, Travarse, Travers, Traverse Travin Travlor, TraJor, Tnjyler -■■■- Treadwnv, Treadawav, Tredaway. Treddlway, Tredway Treadw i-jl, Tra'.*i 44 I7t 37 !■■. 64 64 96 t 11) ..I....! 3 5 , i!l nr 1 1 S 2 T?lIi!'blc,freinbelVTrembic;TriinM"/Trumbal\^ buU Tripp, Trip, Trippo, Trips Troll, Trot, Trotts Trotter Trout ... 10 I , 8 3 12 3 I I 1W ; H 41 23 in .6, 1 16 I 3 12 1 1 . . 3 . ..| 42 6 I 13 ' 1 4 L11 .'. 1 ^ 14 C fi 11. 1 3 i 3 J .1 I 24 1- ■» 1 1 1 i' 13 3 2 27 2 1 6 4 10 9 2 7 7 » 18 » n 1 6 8 1 6.1 7.0 16 8.7 18 «.l B- 6 3 r 6 46 ► ■■ £.4 28 266 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 111 -NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790— Continued. Troutmjin Trow hridee, Trobridge ■ - - • ■■ ■■ .• • Troxall, Traxall, Traxel, Traxell, Traxil, Troxel, Troxell, Troxill Truax, Trueax True, Trew Truitt, Tnicit, Truil Trusdcil' TroS?le,' TruesdalV Traesdale! 'Tniesda^ Trusdal, Trosdaie, Trusdall, Trusedale - Trvon Tubbs, Tulib, Tubs Tuck, Tucko, Tuckes Tucker, Tuckers, Taker Tufts, TulTs, TuSts, Tuft Tull TuUer, Tullar Tupper. Tupir Turk, Terk Turner, Turnner, Turrner 'Pumev • " --.. Turrcf, Terrai,'Terrall. Terrel, Terrell, Terril Terrill, Terrol Tirrel Tirrell, Turell, Turrell, Turril, Turrill, Tvrel, Tvrell, Tyrrall, Tyrrei, Tyrrell, Tyrrill Tuttle, Tulal,Tutall,Tutin,Tutle,Tuttel Twlss, Twisk, Twist Twitchel, Twitchell Twombly, Twamblv, Twamley, Twombley Tyler, Teyler, Tiler,' Tuyler, Tylar, Tylor Tyree, Tire, Tyer, Tyre, Tyrer Tyson , Tison Ulrich, Uldrick, Ulerich, Ullirick, Ullrich, Ulrick Underhlll, Underhil, Undrill Underwood, Underwod ' Upham, U pain, Upum Upson, Upsom ^ Upton Usher : Utlev, Utlv, Uttley Utter, Uttor Vail, Vaile, Vale, Vales, Veile Valentine, Valintine, Vallentine, Vallintine, Valuntine, Volentine, Volintine, Vollintine Van, Vann, Vans Van Aken, Van Aaken, Vanakin, Van Auken, Van Aukin, Van Awken V: Allen, V" Allen, Van Allen, Van Aulen Van Alstine, V: Alstin, Van Alstin, V : Alstine Van Antwerp, V: Antwerp Van AttcQ, Van Autin V: Buren, Van Beuren, Van Bueren, Van Buren Van Buskirk, V: Buskirk Vance, Vanse, Vantz Van Curen, V ; Curen V: De Berfih, Vanber(;h, V: De Barnh, V: D: Bergh, Vndebergh, Vandebergh, Vandeburgh, Vandenberg, V: Den Bergh, Vandenbergh, Vandenburgh, Van Der Bergh, Van Der Burgh, Ve De Bergh V; De Bogert, Van De Bogart, Van de Bogert, Vandenbogert, V: Der Bogart Vandegrift, VandegrilT, Vandegriffe, Vandegrist, Vandegruff, Vandergrifl, Vandergrift, Vandi- graft, Vandigrif, Vandigrift Vanderbelt, Vandebelt, Vanderliilt, Van Dubelt Van Der Mark, Vandamark, Van den Mark, Van Der Marjjs V: Der Pool, Vanderpool Vanderweir, Vandavour, Vandeavour, Vanderveer, Vanderwier, Vandever, Vandivear, Vandiver, Vandivcre, Vendervcr, Vondevner, Vi'nevere, Vindever Van Do Water, Vanderwator, V: De Water, Vand water Van Duscn, Van Densaii, Van Deusen, Van Deuson, Van Doosen, Van Drusen, Van"Duesen, Vandnsan, V: Dusen, Van Dusin, Vanduzzen Van Dyke, Vandike, V: Dyck, Van Dyck, Vandycke, V; Dyk, V: Dyke Van Horn, V: Horn, Van Home ' V: rioscn, Van Hoesen, Van Hosen, Van Hiisen, VanHusin Van llouten Van Kleock, V: Kleck, Van Kleech, V: Kleelv Van Loon, Van Leon, Vanloan, Vanlone Vanmetcr, Vamneeter, Vaiimcetor, Vanmetro Van Ness, Van Est, V : Ness, V; Nest, Van Nest Van Nostrand, Van Nostrandt, Van Nostrant, Vanorstrain, Vanorstrand, Vanostan, Vanosten, Vanostran, Van Ost randt. Van Ostrant Van Orden, Van Arden Van Patten, V: Patten, V: Potten Van Pelt V: Renssellaer, Ransalear, Van Rensellaer, Van Renssellaer Vansant, Vansandt, Vausanst, V: Zandt, Van Zandt, Van Zant Van Schaick, V: Scaack, Van Scaack, Van Schaack, Van Schaaick, Van Schyck, Van Shaack. . VanSlyke,V:SIeyk, V:Slyck, VanSlyck, V:&lyk, VanSlyk Van Steenbergh, V: Sloenbergh Van Tassel, Van Tasal, Van Tasell, V: Tassel, Van Tassell V: ValkenbuTgh, Valkenburgh, V : Valkenbergh, Van Valkenburgh, Van Volienbergh, Van Vol- kenburgh. Van Volkinburg, Van Volkinburgb, Volkenburgh Van Vliet, V: Vleck, Van Vleck, Van Vleeck, V: Vleek, V; Vleet, Van Vloet, Van Vleit Van Vraukin . V : Vran ken Van Waggenen, Van Wagenen, Van Waggonon Van Wart, Van Warp, Van Woert, V: Woort, Van Woort, Van Wort Van Wyck, Van Wyehe, Van W'yk Vamam, Vamhan, Vamum Varney, Varny Vaughn Vaughan Vaughen Vaughon, Vaughown Vaugon Vaun Vaune Veaughn, Vowan. , 6.9 5.9 6.1 5.6 5.4 4.8 6.1 6.7 6.1 6.8 6.1 5.7 5.5 6.1 6.0 5.3 5.6 6.6 5.3 5.8 5.6 5.2 6.2 6.3 5.7 5.9 6.5 6.4 6.4 5.7 6.7 5.8 6.1 5.5 5.8 6.2 5.8 5.8 6.1 6.9 6.6 5.8 5.9 6.4 6.6 5.4 5.2 5.9 6.9 5.2 5.2 5.6 5.5 5.4 6.9 4.8 6.2 6.0 5.8 5.8 6.1 6.0 5.6 0.4 6.0 6.2 6.4 6.5 5.9 6.2 6.4 4.9 5.8 5.6 5.6 6.9 6.4 6.7 0.3 6.0 6.4 5.9 5.6 6.0 17 73 18 28 62 26 28 36 65 65 30 601 80 19 26 37 24 738 26 133 308 30 26 27 283 30 73 144 56 24 76 31 40 23 64 132 29 33 35 47 22 16 55 22 82 28 63 21 33 33 27 23 21 23 69 52 77 45 23 20 18 19 30 26 20 19 32 17 62 23 35 27 36 66 30 25 39 28 16 37 68 235 100 359 91 128 271 99 144 170 279 311 153 2,350 362 96 130 100 110 3,412 111 640 1,409 127 134 143 1,338 148 379 472 680 264 115 390 141 191 120 308 637 147 160 101 226 108 86 2.52 96 341 136 309 140 150 122 100 124 88 356 2.-,S 3B9 218 117 111 83 103 150 122 87 104 157 87 274 69 1C8 123 165 386 163 117 208 140 87 1S2 268 1,170 ...' 1 :::':::: 26' 29 HEADS OP FAMILIES. 10 35 13 19 10 35 10 27 22 GENERAL TABLES, 267 Table 111. -NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH N.VMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS RY STATES AND TERRITORIES. AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-€ontiiiued. Vaught, Voght, Voigt, Vooght, Voogt, Voought, Vought. Veal, Veale. Wall. Veazey , Voasey, Veasy, Veailo-, Vcazy, Veesy Veedor, Vedclor, Vcder, Vclder Venable, Veaaiblo, Veanneble, Venables, Veneble. Vcrmilya, VorraiUia Vemer, Vernier, Vemor , Vernon, Vernam, Veman, Vemom, Vemum Verj-, Varry, Vary, Verroe, Verrie, Veny Viek. Vicks. VIckers, Vlckars, Vicors VIckery. Vicary, Viccory, Vickary, Vlckere, Vlckeree, Vlckeroy, Vlckory/Viciciy/viciory.!..! Vlnal, Vinall Vincent. Vencent, Venson, Vinceent, Vlnclent, Vlosant, Vinson, Vinzant Vlning, VinlntTs Vinton, Vinten. VIntin Voorhis. Van Voorhcis, Van Vottrhls. Van Vooris, Van Voorklss, Voorbees, Voorheesc, Voortues. Voorhlos, Voorhiis, Vooris, Voras, \'oreese. Voros. Vorls,VorTes Vosbursh. VorburEh. Vosbur>*, Vossbergh, Vossburgh V^ose. Voce, Vos, Voss. Vosst, Vowsc VrrMienburt;h, Van \'redenbergh, V*an Vredenburgh, Vredenbergb, Vredenbugh, Vrvdonbagh, Vreedenhurph Vroman, Vrcwman Waddle, Waddel, WaddHl, Waddill, Wadlo, Woddell, Wodle., Wade, Wadt*i, Waid, Waide, Wayd. Waydo Wadley, Wadleigh, Wadliegh, Wadlow, Wadly, Wodley., Wadsworth, Wadworlh, VVardsworih, U'ardworth, Watsworlh, Wodsworth, Woodworth, Woodsworth , WaR<'r, Wacaer, Wagar, Wagers, Waigor, Weager Wairgoiur, Wagener, Waggoner, Waeginor, Waggner, Waggonner, Waggonor, Wagner, Wag- ner, Wuponcr, Wawnour, Wetrner, AViegiicr Wait, Waij;ht, Wait«-, Waitcs, Wails, Waitt, Watc, Wales, Wayt, Wayts, Waylt Wakefield, Waikfield.Waklu'WI.Weaklield Wakoly , Wakelee, Wakclev, Wakley Wakeman, Wackman, Wakman Walbrioiirn, Waslitmn, Washbumc Washington Wason, Wasen, Wasson, Wauson, Wawson Waterliury , Waterberry Waterhou'se. Wateroiis Wale™wioTe"r^!wa7,eS',wrr'?Vaitar,WaV.irW^^^^^^ Watkins, Wadkins. Walkens, Watkln, Wodklns Watnis, Watroiis ;.Vv.'"." v;;': Watson, Watsen, Watston, Wattson, Wattsons, Whatson, Wotson Wattles. Wattle Watts, Wats, Watt, Wattes, Wots, Wott Waiigh. Wash. Wah, Waw Way, Ways, Wey Wavman, Weyman Wayne. Waen, Wain. Waine, Wane Weaklev. Weacklev. Weakly, Weekly Weatherford. Wettierford v ■;.%••.•,•• Vii-'.U'.Vi;,' Weatherly. Weatherlev, Weathcisley, Weathcrsly, W etherly Weathers. Wether, Wethers -- ■■ ;,vv.:.;™ Weaver. Weaver. Weavour,Wecver,Wevar,Wevcr,Wheever Webb. Web. Webbs Webber. Webbers, Weber, Webor 1"'."!!'.!!!!!!!!! Wee.l. Wead. Weeds. Weiad -.ir-'ji""' a;iLj».."Wii.«nn Wee.l.n. Weadon. Weaton. Wedon. Wedons. Weeding, Weedon, Weeton Weeks, Woak.>s, Weaks, Week. Weekes, Weik, \N elks Weidner. Widener, WIdner. Widnor, Wydner Weiss, Weis, Weise 6.5 30 S.« A3 S.8 18 «.o S« 6.» 31 7.1 22 4.8 22 5.7 4a 6.7 21 6.7 24 5.1 22 6.4 49 4.9 28 5.7 14« 5.5 25 5.8 2B 0.2 6.5 A.1 5.8 5.6 6.2 6.3 5.4 5.8 6.0 5.6 6.0 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.6 6.2 6.1 6.0 7.3 6.4 5.5 5.2 5.6 5.5 5.1 5.4 7.1 5.6 4.7 6.1 4.8 6.0 S.5 6.3 5.2 5.5 5.7 5.6 6.0 6.3 5.5 5.9 4.9 5.9 4.9 6.4 6.3 5.4 5.0 4.5 5.8 6.7 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.6 6.4 7.2 5.8 4.6 4.6 5.7 6.7 5.7 M 5.5 5.7 55 5.2 6.3 56 57 55 36 46 M 180 45 188 27 222 230 74 19 40 22 la 38 77 19 68 1,014 162 453 34 69 28 22 228 33 156 24 18 60« 219 483 511 24 34 25 187 23 41 44 90 310 86 281 152 134 S3 230 90 112 90 217 109 684 113 124 291 I 2»t 279 166 212 306 773 197 896 136 1,032 1,155 1 344 92 . 124 |l. 244 I. 195 'I 388 120 1. 369 !. 1,602 : 677 : 2,045 I 163 '. 284 '. US H. 135 I, 1,013 121 795 HKADS or runuu. 91 90 .... 3.134 J 17 IM 'L... 162 6 975 2,246 2.338 ! 42 121 179 112 916 89 202 172 .111 5«2 2,720!: IS 103 '1. 204 910 :| 4.'. 301 11 lir.' 4(.l |l. 2* l.TO\ « l.\1 14 87 19 92 22 80 C« 10 IS 2 I 22 111 I 12 5 20 I.... 48 II 3 8 I.... 8 I 10 15 8 38 I 1 28 182 20 17 ,121 ! 8 7 ,...1 9 M ' 19 2 23 31 56 13 14 S 13 U >l > 6 I 1 4 I 1 26 133 I IS 31 6 1 S .... 6 I.... ?l::::rT 3 6 4 37 14 21 3 I 1 6 4 1 k 10 3 .. ... 2 6 46 157 , 73 6 31 IS 30 104 30 2 7 2 4 12 7 2 I 9 I 8 22 I II ,125 24 ! 1 . 3 no I6S ,28 39 27 79 ..... 2 17 i 19 4 3 25 IS .13 .... 36 , II 60 ,147 7 * 59 24 102 21 l!a 20 ,125 2 20 6 3 19 ...|... ...|... 43 10 I 7 11 41 2 47 IS 46 6 II 3 S 8 40 9 34 19 15 13 M 71 IS 4 10 45 , IS , 29 51 , S8 26 3 2 37 3 10 15 . 5 23 ' S 40 n 13 II 30 I 8.« 6 I.. 22 40 I S 34 18 ' I ♦ a 14 . . ' r. r.-, .1.1 89 18 3 8 iiia» 1 9 ^i 4 5 13 I U ,892 1 3 4 ? ■ 4 '. .. H IH 11 19 30 9 3 1 8,n « 1 1 a .... s 1 268 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 111.— NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790— Continued. Welch, Welsh Wcldon, Wplden, Welding Wellor, Willar Wells, Well, Welles .".'.'^' .".'.'.'.'.' .'.'.'.'.'! Welman, Wellman WeltoD Wendell, Wendall, Wende'l, Wendie,' Wendoli.'windali; WlndclV, Windic Wentworth, Wintworth Wontz, Went, Wents "" " Werner, Wernier, Wernar, Wemor Wesson, Wessen West, Wests .'.'.'.'.".'.' Westbrook, Westbroke, Westbrooke. Westfalf W-estfal"'' '"''''^°'' ^^«scots, Wescott.WeMui; Wracutt,' WratcVot, WeiteotV Wosteitt Weston , We.stem ^^Withe'fbee^\?itS™' ^'^*^^^^ Wetmorc '.'..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Wetzel, Wetzpll, Whetzej,' WhitzcV WiVeVeii," Witzcf," WitzelV Weymouth, Wamoth, Wavmoth, Waymouth 'wl%ie^;'\,;^a)v r«- ^M?: WhJ;:;;^'t^hr^"''' W^^^ey, Weyiy,- Whailey; Whaiy; Wbeiie^ Wharton, Whartc.'i, Whortijn, Whorto'n Wheat Whcatley, Wheadv, Wheetiv' Whetely Wheaton, Wheeton, Wheton" wh«:|:;ck! wM^w! whliio!^!''''''^''''^^' ''^^^^^^ ^"^^ whei^ wMor:; v;;; ; ;::::: Whiohcr, Whicharre, Whicker, Whitcher WhidlM'p, Whidliv, Whitby, Whiteby. Whidd'-n, Uhiddon. Whipple, Whiple, Whippies.'Whippii.'; n nittekar, Uhittiker, Whittikar. Whittiker, W tacer, Witaker Wittaker -^wu, ^V teo'me' W'^^'*"™", WhiU^om, Whil^um, Whltoumb, W&mrwmtecombe; VVitcom White, Whight, Whitra, Whyte Whitehead, Whitphad... Whitehouso, Whithoii.;, Whjthous'e,' Withouse.' ". Whltehurst, Whithurst. . . JXu!'?''.''''' ^^''i''-^''*'*' WhitesYd, Whitesidesl « hltfield, Wl .cefield Whitford, Whlteford Whitiev ' W hit'i''""^' ^''^'•«'°eVWhitin^; Witing.'; \l\"\\\\[[\.'.'.][\['.[]\[[[[\'.[\\ S?i!i°''^"\\^7'''^''°'^''>Whitlocke;WhftYocks.''. ".'.".■ WiSn !.^!*°'";..^^''^''"°°' Whitmon, Whiimond;-- Wightaan;-Witem^V-Wita4i;- Whitniarsh, Whjtemarsh, Whi'tm'ash,' WitmarshVwitmiish ". WurSre '"*'°""'''' ^ '"^^'' '*^"'"'"' Whittemore, WwVttaore; Whitta6fe; WitmoreV Whitney, Whitny, Wit^nev ww""r: whi!;:";!;; V^^^^T' ^«'°''^'^'«°g; whitti„^,whittoi;-whitt,im:: : : : : S'kI.^Ii'""'"";,)^,'",'" '"K'""' Whitington, WhittentonV.'.'.'." ..'. Whlttlesev, Whiilesev, Whittelsey, Whittlesery. Whitwortli Whctworth, Whitcworth, Whittworth W icker, Wicher AVickham, Wlckam, Vvicomb Wicks, Wick, Wickes. wl!;2i" «^;c" wte'- wigsoii; wiggei^wiigin; wiScin; wig^ns; wigins; wi^ons! ; ; ; : • ■ WiKht, Wicht .' wlill^rn \vm r*;; Yj'f,'"'^' Wilber;wil"b™r; Wilbur,' Wiibum.V;." « illiurn, W ill.on, \y ill.orne, Wilbourn, Wilbum. . .... kf. wiik-ook, wi"iicdcks,'wiiico.V.v.\\';^\' ;.■;.■; ;;;;;; .;^ii^:;;'^lisr'^^'^"'^"'^™^^^ Wiili^^';hv;Will^;x^;i;'7\;^';;i'^^=^ih>-^-Wiely,Wighiey;wneo;Wi^^ ;ilhelm,WeiIhil,,i,VViIkelm, Will!,,:|m,'Willholm.V Wilco.x, W Wild. Wil'.', Wil.N, Wile, Wiles Wilder, VViMiiir, Wildur, Wil.lde' Wileman, Wildciium, Wil.pTman Wilev. Weill n w!!wI.^„U"w-'m""'' »,',',K,t'l"i.Will!)elm,'Willhoim. w tf "A,;n,^ '"'''^;?'';, ^^ 'Ik'-'on. Wilkison, Wilkson. Wl key, Wilkaw, Wilkee, Wilkie, Wilky Wl kins, Wilken, Wilkens, Wilkin, WilkinKs'Wi'llkinV Wilkinson, Wilkenson, Willkinson *'°*^^' ""'"^ns Wilks, Wilkes, Willkes, Willks Jj:!"''"''';";",''-'!. Milliard. Willyard.wilVafdV.V.'.".'"" Wulef: wI!1:';T' ^^Jr-^^'^l^tlnV^ W'))?'^. Wmers, W„,or; Williams, Williamson Willifortl, Welf( Willii Will Will Wil"rWill! WMle"''''' ■*^"'''"t'h*y.' Wliiowbe," WiiiowbyV.V Wilm'an, Williman; Wiliiman.^,' wVltaan; WiVlmon WUmarth, Willmarth, Wilmoth, Wilmoutli ...; , wiiutts, wiiVt'.: ill.rf, Willrt^ Willett, Wllletis, Willir't, Willist'wiiiit'wiVli'fVwi Wiliiiins. W ,ll;iii,<. Willi,,,,,, Willianie, Wi||i,.n,.i ' ""*' "' -^^^T^:^^^^^:;^<^i^^^z^ imstc^;'^?SS": wiiies, wiiiise,- wiihss; Wyies, w^iis; Wyiiii; Wyi„:s;:; ; ;::;::;;:::;:: GENERAL TABLES. orq Table 111. -NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS HYST^TFS AND TERRITOKIFS. AT TME FIRST CENSUS: ITSO-ionUnued. ' I Wllmot, Wlllmot. Wilmott, Wilraut. Wilsoy. Willscp, Wllso, Wlltscv, Wlltslo wi!''"'''\vMi'''"''' WVIm'"'''' ^X'llH'"''' Wclshcr/wilshlrc, Wliuiirr: Wlltihlr.' \Viu""\vVlt wm'Avilu"' ^^""***"'' W'lson. Wllkton, Wilson, Wllsin Willi holy. Wim Ijellv, Wimiicrlc, wim'bcrlev,' 'wYmi)erlv ' ' JJ Inicr, Wclmir Wi.mcr, Woramcr, Wlmlrc, WUnmcr/Wlmor/WjVii'orVwymoV, wi-i^ore"''' \\ immts, \Mrmnt, \\ ynuiit. Wynanls... ;...<.., ...uiuii Wincliol, Wlni lial, Winehall. Wlnchell, winche'ls, Wlnsheil Wliichcator. Wiiuhcsl, Winchlster, WinshcsttT Winder, W indcrs " ' ' \\'hu'S, Wine, WjTies Winlk'M. WingllelU '..'..'.'."]'."[[[]"'.['" WliiK. WInKS '.'.'.'.'.'.". Wink'iilc, Wcntalf, WinRst, Wingatt,'Wiiii:i>trWinEit. ., Wint'cr, WlnoLiir, Winogor, Wingar, Wingars, Wiancgar Winlilcr. Wimkl.T, Winklar. ...:... ....... Winn. Win. Winno, Wins. Winse, Wynn, Wynne, Wyiins! Wyiis' Winship, WIndship, Winshop '.... Winslow '.'.'.'.','.'."." Winsor - •- WinsleaU, Wcmstead Win.ston, Winson, Wlnstone Winter, Winters, Wintor, Wintr Wire. Wver, Wycrs Wiriik, Weirleh. Weriok. Whirick. WIreck. Wirlch, Wyrlch, Wyrick Wirt, Wort. Worts, Wortz, Wirts, Wlrtz, Wurti W i.sc, Wiose Wis-I, Wosol, Wossol, Wessclis, Wcsscls, Wissei W is<*inan. Weis-^man Wl-sor, Weosor, Wolsrr, Welsser, Wiescr, AVisner, Wisoner, Wissner Wi.'i.^Ior, Whislor, Whistler Wi.st4'r, Wi.star, Wisters WIswall, Wiswell Witl.i'ck, Will>a.k, Witl>e.ll.ridj:o. Woodbridg, Woodbrlgo, Woodrcdgo, Woodrldgc Woodbtir\*, Wo(Mil)orry, Wi>odi>ory, Woo*Jbrey Woodcuc-k, Woodooalk. Woodeok Wooden, Woodden, Wo4jdman Woodrult, Woo ! 241 100 I 43 179 40 189 108 179 282 487 i 2'l» 1,11.5 35 179 l-l-.i 41 ,'.1 v: 2(1 54 Hit 399 1,907 I 1 '* 1 1 2 "I- |l 25 ,1 ||-3- 3 1 2 3 17 .... 40 i... a "i 7 1 3 30 2 3 2 10 2 17 .... 1 1 1 8 .... 63 7 'Jl 13 2 24 30 27 4C 34 2.'. 01'. 57 19 07 07 k; 61 i: 4» 19 ar. » ,13.'. «l 90 146 il 1 70 14 1 38 30 7 4'' » 10 1 6 1 270 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Tablk 1 1 1 .-NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, li Y STATES AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790— Continued. 1 1 > < TOTAL. HEADS OF FAMIUES. ' NAME. i o R 2 s s s o < i 5 a i i w 1 i a '6 1 1 3 § a o QJ 26 5 § > f g 3 i 1 a .2 a > H O O a 1 3 O CO S.1 5.4 7.2 5.6 5.8 6.1 5.6 6.S 5.9 4.9 5.3 5.5 6.7 5.7 5.8 5.8 6.9 6.3 5.7 7.5 41 39 20 137 43 32 46 17 33 37 25 109 44 1,022 25 19 20 55 65 16 167 172 124 634 205 164 211 99 156 146 108 494 252 4,825 121 91 118 294 303 104 4 31 2 35 8 15 2 32 1 1 17 25 23 25 4 29 236 2 2 21 24 3 3 6 34 7 5 1 24 1 2 3 2 6 19 1 3 fi 7 Yocom', Yeocom, Yeokim, Yoakam, Yoakum, Yocam, Yocham, Yochum, Yocum, Yokem, 14 26 22 2 10 10 2 165 1 6 7 82 2 54 22 2 89 4 3 10 .1 Yost/'iTiost, Yoast, Yobst, Yoest, Youst 69 72 10 89 39 40 77 18 3 1 4 1 5 6 3 9 41 44 13 Zieglor Zoegler Zeggler Zegler Zeiqer, Zeigler, Zigler 7 1 10 I GENERAL TABLES. .,11 ...... , ,..-wh™ pop,.,.™.. "---^^r;?\S^iS?^^i;" - --- »v .,M..„P e.;„. MAINE. The state Cumberland. .. Hancock Lincoln Washinjitiin York The stat4? Cheshire Grafton Hillsborough. .. Rockinghuni. . . StralTord Duloli. Knuich. 141,112 132, 72« 28,li« l,l»7 1,002 37 390 209 llel>nw. j .Ml oibar. 279 I S3 6 151 4:, 31 27 12 32 ' 3M 24 S 7 DO 1 IS3 ml 02 20 32 10 ftl 18 21 21 113 12 n 38 S 97 111 VEKMOXT. The state Addison Bennini^toii Chittenden Orange Rutland Windham Windsor 85,072 «,383 12,173 7,264 10,485 15,558 17,614 15,095 81,149 6,035 11,466 6,824 9,905 14,911 16,858 15,150 2,562 170 , 398 292 441 411 499 351 597 I ~70"| no 52 99 120 75 ■ 71 428 1 53 163 62 20 48 64 18 153 ' 10 « 13 23 58 ! 148 18 1 23 7 M 15 47 MASSACHUSETTS. The state. Barnstable.. Berkshire... Bristol Dukes ES.SC.X Hampshire.. Middlesex... Nantucket. . IMvmouth... .^iitlolk Worcester. . . ■370,264 16,970 29,940 30,966 : 3,230 57,007 ■56,282 42, 177 I 4,521 29.ni:t 4.3, 8(1.-! .ii;. :ri."i 351,688 16, 187 28,514 29,522 2,900 53,915 ' 53,208 j 40,340 ' 4,426 I 27.394 42,0r.2 .i:!. 170 13,375 I 159 845 9.32 51 2, 143 2,437 1,500 62 1,053 KSfifl 1 2,827 a. 7m! -■71 273 753 504 213 33 .336 ' 2.53 < 3I» 428 1 9 I 203 I IM 1 20 TOO 14 30 235 6 130 3 t 120 1 35 113 II 1 It 71 :i8 IS 4 10 RHODE ISLAND. The slate. Bristol Iveni Newport I'ro\idence AVasbingtou 64.670 ; 3,013 I 8,439 1.3, 174 23,518 16,526 I (12,079 2,777 8,027 I2,5(.7 22,409 16,239 459 43 I 146 144 ' 87 { 31 .1 CONNECTICUT. The state. Falrlii-ld... Hartford.. Litclilleld.. Middlesex. New TTaven.. New London.. Ti.llnnd Windham 232.236 35. 173 37.498 38.119 ; 18,492 29,882 3I.G03 1.3,111 28,350 223,437 34,116 . 38,239 I 36.453 17,763 , 28.501 30,593 12.i>50 27,032 i 6,425 1,588 { 258 : 513 676 lfi2 234 325 97 381 1 142 ' 50 . 41 21 122 26 22 16 173 42 45 32 101 55 9V. 1,174 574 780 799 411 I,0i5 4 108 10 61 1 ■ Exclusive 0(2,923 persons for whom no (l*(a an tTnlUhle. 272 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 112.-WniTE POPULATION, CLASSIFIED ACCORDIXG TO NATIONALITY AS INDICATED BY NAMES OP HEADS OF FAMILIES, BY COUNTIES: 1790— Continued. NEW YORK. COtJNTY. All nation- alities. English and Welsli. Scotch. Irish. Dutch. French. German. . Hebrew. All other. The state 314,366 245,901 10,034 2,525 50,600 2,424 1,103 385 1,394 Albanv 72,087 1,583 25,811 42,981 3,021 28,223 29,619 1,058 17,315 12,886 2,945 14, 310 26,295 14,028 22,204 54,925 1,354 20, 183 32, 996 1,531 22,052 24,340 948 13,754 10,908 2,075 12, 915 16,222 11,966 19,712 2,518 66 621 624 U3 1,100 1,445 64 395 171 38 231 1,412 1,140 286 644 43 143 458 20 96 244 10 102 88 11 182 191 213 71 13,663 33 4,710 7,3E3 1,380 4.630 2,846 27 2,831 1,502 5S2 844 7, 902 5L8 1,709 193 04 118 577 07 03 425 92 14 102 405 152 9 26 Cliuton ^ 8 2 406 142 88 140 i06 125 3 J:: ^ _ 119 22 157 74 304 12 229 16 98 Queens iio 25 79 40 09 44 6 24 134 50 r.i 55 131 PENNSYLVANIA. 423,373 : 349, 656 49.567 2,341 Allet-'heny.. Bedford.... Berks Bucks Chester Cumberland. Dauphin Delaware Fayette Franklin IIuntinfTrton. Lancaster Luzerne Mifflin Montgomery Northampton Northumberland. Philadelphia... Washington Westmoreland. York 10,0.32 [ 13,052 1 29, 928 24,374 27, 141 17,779 17,880 9,133 12,990 15.057 7.491 35, 192 4,868 7,461 22,305 24,086 16,971 51.916 23, 617 15,852 1 36, 1S2 6,621 9, 954 C,983 17,515 20,905 10,576 10,491 7,544 9,317 9,992 5,522 18,092 4,088 4,856 14,677 11,295 9,504 29, 897 16, 103 9,301 16,423 2,501 1,064 319 1,821 3,040 4,676 1,480 1,034 2,110 3,178 1,494 2,950 208 2,044 7(;0 648 2,431 4,560 5,278 3,559 3,841 418 191 113 475 707 534 222 155 592 491 130 339 91 289 197 106 467 1,331 650 610 458 11 20 10 544 38 21 114 45 15 71 179 285 003 169 190 70 02 99 15 24 32 153 200 131 100 32 99 55 12 290 21 127 29 080 117 71 61 110,357 194 454 1,784 6 15 22,435 3,866 1,645 1,939 3. 5,571 347 768 1,296 312 13.449 1 221 216 6. 284 ts 11,2.10 .-,7 4,371 15.232 25 1.374 13 2,243 15,310 MARYLAND. 1191,627 161,011 12,441 4,550 254 1,336 11,246 599 190 11.664 IS, 963 11,926 7,028 10,065 10,124 10. 010 26,937 10, 784 6.748 11.679 10.004 8,171 8.216 7.231 14.472 7.626 10,916 10, 376 9,871 6,286 7,916 8,980 9.588 19.626 9.024 5.946 10, 156 8,781 7,403 7.682 6,529 9.118 6,917 571 1,096 803 3S3 1,705 744 234 1.337 1.253 4.';3 783 719 379 392 400 0,'l 422 160 464 273 270 271 296 128 468 369 143 481 297 230 126 170 200 154 18 63 183 05 82 85 50 2C6 41 13 33 101 103 9 6 627 444 49 67 12 4 Baltimore . . 44 25 180 203 5 10 111 33 Caroline Cecil . 9 Charles 7 7 15 28 66 3 107 Fredericl; 6,137 69 128 226 46 20 2 59 4,356 8 23 Harford . - . Kent 9 Prince Georges Queen Anns 30 5 7 28 6 St. Marys Talbot Washineton 59 110 10 Worcester 9 VIRGINIA.! The state 128,112 108,859 9.114 2,591 9A7 773 6,277 2."1 1 Albemarle 4.341 3.941 4.530 3.790 4,886 2.415 2,489 3,687 1,985 4,786 3,665 3,448 3.813 3,449 4,276 2,145 2.260 3,177 1,810 4,126 464 319 484 228 440 185 119 369 103 483 104 92 125 64 65 31 12 99 63 100 93 25 40 2 59 13 80 14 15 41 68 Amelia 3 13 Amherst Charlotte Cheslerfleid 45 23 Cumberland LS Essex 28 Fairfax 20 8 Fluvanna 9 Frederick 7 16 34 20 1 Exclusive of 17,022 persons for whom no data arc available s State enumerations of 17S2 and 17S3. Data incomplete. GENERAL TABLES. 273 Tab,,e 112.-WHITE POPULATION, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO NATIONALITY AS INDICATED HY NAMKs uv HEADS OF I'AMILIES, BY COUNTIES: 1700-Continued. VIRGINIA >— Conllmi.-l Pulch. Fmnch. Oarmui. Ilebraw. | All oUwr. filoiicester finwnsville Il.ihfax Il.-itupshirc IIJIIUVLT Harrison Is.pof Wight Lancaster Mi'fklenliurg Middlesex Monongalia Nansc.niond New Kent Norfolk Northumberland Orango I'ittsylvania I'owhalan Priiire Kdward Princess Anne Richmond Rockingham Shenandoah StalTord Surry Sussex Warwick Williamsburg, city of 13 10 II ■Jt 10 4,11 I 71 « I. NORTH CAROLINA. The state >2C6,334 220,566 39,829 0,206 405 751 7,422 1 1 Edenton district 33,568 2t),113 .■.7,9.55 21,973 .TO.fiS? ;«,(*o 58,425 15,814 30.472 19.I/J9 34..'.7.S 19.7.';i 24. 405 34.009 43,751 13.901 2,371 7,4tS 2,081 1,631 3,5CO 3.22.') K.lia i.,m 627 K17 947 SS 731 1,146 1,277 434 63 28 48 25 47 73 118 3 34 34 227 7 31 199 151 68 90 .... 65 ... l.KM 4,!>" 1 Favelle district Ncwlx'rn district Sal isbury d istrict I! SOUTH CAROLINA. The state Beaufort district Camden district Charleston 3 .'.75 1.2X2 7.4ii8 7.-'> 3,576 120 700 478 2 Excliis!\-e of 23.847 penom for whom no data an •vmllabla. 10 10 ,«i 17 12 7 I 274 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 113 -NUMBER OF WHITE FAMILIES, SLAVEHOLDING AND NONSLAVEHOLDING, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO nItIONALITY as INDICATED BY NA^E OF HEAD, TOGETHER WITH THE NUMBEROF WHITE PERSONS AND OF SLAVES REPORTED FOR SUCH FAMILIES, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1790. MAINE. 1 All nalionaUties . English and Welsh. Scotch Irish Dutch French . . . German.. Hebrew . . All other. ■WHITE FAMIUES. WHITE PEBSONS. SLAVES. NATIONAUTY. Total number. Slave- holding. Nonslave- holding. Per cent slavehold- ing families form of all families. Total number. Average number per family. Total number. Average number per slavehold- ing family. Number per 100 of all families. \11 nationalities 16,972 16,972 96,107 5.7 English and Welsh Scotch 15,807 721 240 49 23 83 10 39 15,807 721 240 49 23 83 10 39 89,515 4,154 1,334 279 115 436 44 230 5.7 6.8 5.6 5.7 5.0 5.3 4.4 5.9 i Irish Dutch French German Hebrew All other NEW HAMPSHIRE. AH nationalities 23,982 123 ! 23,859 [; 0.5 141,112 5.9 157 1.3 1 22,574 1,107 234 28 23 118 5 22,456 \l 0.5 0.6 132,726 6,648 1,346 153 142 5.9 6.0 5.8 5.5 6.2 152 5 1.3 1.0 1 Scotch Irish 1,102 234 28 23 1 ('1 Dutch 16 16 97 6.1 VERMONT. 14,969 14,969 85,072 5.7 14,282 441 105 76 29 5 14,282 441 105 76 29 5 81,149 2,562 697 428 153 35 148 6.7 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.3 7.0 4.8 MASSACHUSETTS. All nationalities - English and Welsh. Scotch Irish Dutch French . . . German.. Hebrew . . Another. 65,149 61,846 2,392 661 78 118 11 12 31 65,149 61,846 2,392 601 78 lis 11 12 31 2 370,264 351,698 13,375 3,793 428 700 53 49 168 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.5 5.9 4.8 4.1 5.4 RHODE ISLAND. CONNECTICUT. All nationalities 10,854 461 10,393 4.2 64,670 G.O 958 2.1 9 Enjilish and Welsh 10,401 1 339 t 79 ; 5 I 19 ; ?! 437 16 6 9,964 323 73 5 17 9 1 1 4.2 4.7 7.6 62,079 1,976 459 19 88 33 9 7 6.0 6.8 5.8 3.8 4.6 3.7 9.0 7.0 910 25 20 2.1 1.6 3.3 9 Scotch 4 Irish 25 2 10.6 3 1.6 16 All other All nationalities. 40, 457 1,557 38,900 3.8 232,236 .5.7 2,042 1.7 7 38.844 1,178 288 49 95 1 1 1 1,488 47 13 1 7 37,356 1,131 275 48 88 1 3.8 4.0 4.5 2.0 7.4 223,437 6, 425 1,.589 258 512 4 5 6 5.8 6.5 .5.4 5.3 5.4 4.0 5.0 6.0 2,543 67 18 5 8 1.7 1.4 1.4 5.0 1.1 7 Scotch C Irish 6 10 8 German 1 100.0 1 1.0 100 All other 1 • Less than 1 per hundred. = Exclusive of 2,923 persons for whom no data are available. GENERAL TABLES. 275 ^'^TO n!tTonaS?? aTixSS BV ^';\f.^'f,^V!'^!"^ ''''' NONSLAVEUOLDINO. CLASS.KIEO ACCORDING OP SLAVES ^.oi^^^'^ii^si^^ ^sT^^s^f^s;;j!;;^^^-?;s::^:r"'^«^°^^^^^ NEW YOItK. NATIONALITY. WBITE rAMIUE.1. Total number. All nationalities ' L Englisli and Welsh I Scotcli Irish Dutch !!!!.'!!!!!!!!!!;!" French German '.'.'.'..'.'.'.'. ' Heljrew Another All nationalities . EoKlish and Welsh Scotch Irish Dutch French German Ilelirew All other 54,185 42,543 1,773 401 8,494 433 188 70 222 BbtTO- holdlng. 7,787 I 4,883 154 28 2,537 102 36 10 37 NoniUve- boIdlnK. 41.. :(■■- 37.(,'.: I.OIU 433 .1,957 331 va 00 185 , Per c^nt slavnhold- '' Ini: families ! I' form of WHITE ««.••■ IS- Total numU>r. .Niiml. Avrr»e.- Total numlM'f pt-r i.uml.T. I ilari-hal.l- /,";'",'"' s 7 0.1 29.9 1 23.6 19.0 14.3 16.7 2. ■''. SO. u' 2,424 1,103 1,394 •. 5 I..0 6.6 6.8 6.6 6.3 K3 8.357 286 130 19 106 PENNSYLVANIA. .' < 2.3 3.0 13 2.8 3.6 1.9 2.9 28 19 18 27 48 1 73,322 1 ' 1,&51 71.471 2.6 423.373 -.1 3,277 876 127 58 U S48 3.0 S 4.3.020 8.5.i2 1,555 465 ■ 377 19,307 3 1,123 428 59 29 ' s 204 41,903 8.124 1,496 436 309 19,103 3 .37 2.0 5.0 3.8 6.2 2.1 Ll 249,050 49,5».7 8,«14 2,023 2,341 110,357 21 194 5.5 a2 ?-.5ll 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.0 1.6 1.7 t 10 s 12 s 2 37 r, 2 1 1 MARYL.ANU. All nationalities Knelish and Welsh. .. Scotch Iri.sh Dutch French (Jerrnan Hebrew All other 32,012 2fi,.W4 2.271 803 44 247 1.035 101 27 12.142 i 10.633 I 870 24(1 23 I 112 221 16 16 19.870 15.891 I 1.305 017 21 135 1,714 85 12 All nationalities 48,021 1 1 ' 14,946 1 English and Welsh ... ... 39,920 5,369 1,172 70 144 1,314 1 31 12,421 1,704 397 22 90 240 Scotch t Irish Dutch , Geniiun... . .... Aii other. " 33.076 37.9 ; 1 191,027 40.1 38.6 28.5 I 52. 3 1 45.3 11.4 16.8 65.8 I'-.l.Oll 12.441 4.5.10 254 1.336 11,246 I 699 ! 190. VIlKilNI.V." NORTH CAROLINA. 31.1 37.499 3.005 775 48 54 1,074 1 a) SOUTH <-.VU<)H.N.V. '305,334 31.1 33.9 I 33.9 31.4 62.6 18.3 220.500 29.JI39 U.20C 406 751 7,422 I 154 no 0.1 I 5 6 5,3 5.8 6.4 5.8 6.9 7.0 6.6 84.760 74,036 5.824 2,072 124 719 944 85 66 91,730 6.5 I 60 63 68 62 I 5.0 I 1.0 ' 60! T9,oae 8,468 3.297 001 6SA 7,.' JM 6.6 266 8.4 340 6.4 283 6.4 391 4.3 40 6.3 M 4.3 341 6.4 4.8 6.8 a.2 6.7 2.S Itl 168 196 101 417 43 All nationalities 25.553 f 8.798 16.754 34.4 140,178 20,884 3,107 627 41 405 446 14 28 7,043 1,072 213 13 2«8 170 6 13 13.841 3.085 414 28 137 376 8 16 33.7 34.6 34.0 31.7 66.2 38.1 42.9 46i4 115,480 16,447 3.570 219 1.882 2.343 86 146 5 ■ Scotcli 5.:i Irish.. 5.7 Dutcli 5.3 French 4.6 5.3 1 Hebrew ,. 1 Ail other - l.> >■ ' lis ^, 413 ll.i'v. ,. • 3!« I.tt'l 9.3 313 291 22.4 710 4.937 ia4 1.219 1.101 6.6 247 13 8.7 n :» 1X0 667 ' Exclusive of 17,022 persons tor whom no data are available. Schedules destroyed. > Exclusive of 23,847 i^TMtM (ui u i.uiii no data are arallatale. 276 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROAVTH. T^sLE 114 -NUMBER OF FAMILIES REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, CLASSIFIED AS SLAVEHOLDING AND NON- SLAVEHOLDING, WHITE, AND FREE COLORED, TOGETHER WITH THE TOTAL AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF SLAVES, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790. NEW HAMPSHIRE. FAMIUES. SLAVES. Total num- ber. ! Slavcholding. Nonslaveholding. Per cent families of each class form of all families. Total num- ber. COUNTY AND TOWN. Num- ber. White. Free col- ored.i Num- ber. White. Free col- ored.' Slavcholding. Nonslave- holding. Average number Num- ber of fami- lies. Number of members. Num- ber of fami- lies. Nimiber of members. White. Free col- ored.! Wliite. Free col- ored.! per slave- holding family. Total. Aver- age per lamily. Total. Aver- age per family. The state 24,065 123 123 760 6.2 23,942 23, 8,59 140,428 5.9 83 0.5 99.1 0.3 157 1.3 Cheshire coirnty 4,796 16 16 107 6.7 4,780 4,766 28,569 6.0 14 0.3 99.4 0.3 18 \.\ 117 188 160 315 240 161 94 157 187 54 86 203 ■ 208 42 72 138 64 60 132 123 190 46 221 188 123 37 79 102 88 195 97 51 299 189 2,463 117 188 159 316 238 160 94 157 1S7 54 84 203 206 42 72 138 64 69 131 123 190 45 221 188 122 37 79 192 88 193 97 51 298 188 2,460 117 188 158 315 238 160 93 166 187 54 84 201 206 42 71 138 64 59 130 122 190 45 221 187 122 37 79 191 87 193 97 51 297 187 2,446 705 1,111 1,099 1,901 1,398 976 533 895 1,038 298 508 1,227 1,286 242 412 786 319 327 767 721 1,022 202 1,380 1,136 694 219 448 1.149 537 1,238 545 267 1,988 1,196 13,315 6.0 5.9 7.0 6.0 6.9 6.1 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.5 6.0 6.1 6.3 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.0 5.5 5.9 5.9 5.4 4.5 6.2 6.1 5.7 5.9 5.7 6.0 6.2 6.4 5.6 5.2 6.7 6.4 5.4 100.0 100.0 98.8 100.0 99.2 99.4 98.9 99.4 100.0 100.0 97.7 99.0 98.6 100.0 98.6 100.0 100.0 98.3 98.5 99.2 100,0 97.8 100.0 99.5 99.2 100.0 100.0 99.5 98.9 99.0 100.0 100.0 99.3 98.9 99.3 1 1 1 3 3.0 1 0.6 0.6 1 1.0 Claremont 2 1 2 1 21 4 10.5 4.0 ' "i' 1 0.8 0.6 "i.'i' 0.6 2 1 1.0 1.0 Hinsdale 2 2 12 6.0 "'"•i 1 2.3 "i.o" 0.6 4 2.0 Keene 2 2 15 7.5 1.0 2 1.0 1 1.4 New Grantham. . . . . 1 1 1 1 4 7 4.0 7.0 '"'i' 1 1.7 0.8 "o.'s' 0.8 1 1 1.0 1.0 Plainfield.. . Protectworth.. 1 1 7 7.0 2.2 1 1.0 Rindee 1 0.5 Stoddard 1 1 6 6.0 0.8 1 i.6 Sullivan Swanzey 1 1 0.5 1.1 Unity Walpole 2 2 13 6.5 1.0 2 1.0 Washinston WendeU Westmoreland 1 1 13 1 1 .13 7 8 107 7.6 8.0 8.2 1 1 4 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.2 1 1 21 1.0 Winchester 1 1.6 Alexandria 64 51 .86 01 23 54 50 84 60 23 54 .50 84 60 23 297 244 482 276 141 6.6 4.9 5.7 4.6 6.1 100.0 9,8.0 98.8 98.4 100.0 Bartlett 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 10 4 3.0 10.0 4.0 2.0 1.2 L6 1 1 1 Bath 1 1 Burton Cambridge (not inhabited) . . 75 87 12 4 70 7 65 17 2 3 21 37 1 1 15 15.0 74 87 12 4 70 7 65 17 2 3 21 37 74 87 12 4 70 7 65 17 2 3 21 37 379 483 58 26 373 29 313 88 14 21 111 175 5.i 5.6 4.8 6.5 5.3 4.1 4.8 5.2 7.0 7.0 5.3 4.7 1.3 98.7 100.0 100. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100,0 100.0 100. 100.0 1 Canaan Chatham Cockburn Cockermouth Colburne Concord (alias Guuthwaite) Coventry Dalton Dame's Location Dartmouth Dorchester Duminer (not inhabited) Enfleld (alias Relham) 124 124 124 722 5.8 100.0 F.rrol (not inhabited) Francoiiia 16 09 2 212 10 09 2 211 16 69 2 210 72 403 9 1,364 4.5 6.8 4.5 0.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.1 Grafton Hale's Location Hanover (including 152 stu- dents at Dartmouth Col- lege) 1 1 1 5 ,^,.0 1 0.5 0.5 2 2.0 1 Includes families of Indians taxed. GENERAL TABLES. 277 ''''sll\^SS\fJ:ZS''^i^^^^^^^ AS SLAVEnOL..NG .SU NON- BY COUNTIES AND MIXOR Cmulnm^^^^^^^ >fEW HAMPSHIREi-Contlnued. COUKTY AND TOWX. Total num- ber. Grafton f-o'intv— Continued. Hart's lyocation Haverhill Kilkenny (not Inhabited)... I^-aneaster LandafI Lebanon . Lincoln... Littleton. Lyman. .. Lyme Mlllfleld (not inhabited). New Chosler New Holderncss Xorthumberland Oran.qe Orford I'eellng (not Inhabited). I'ercy i*lerniont Plymouth Rumney Senter's Location. Phelbiime Stark's Location... Sterling's Location Stratford Success (not inhabited). Thorn ion 3 101 '"27 55 225 S 19 43 175 8 72 131 71 3 6 70 Trecothif k (not Inhabited). Wale- 's Location \VaiTen Wentworlh Hillsborough county 5,330 .\mher;t. . . -Vndover... .\ntrtm ... Bedford... Boscawen . Bradford CampljcU's Gore. Dearinc DerryiH'ld Derryficid Gore.. Dunbarton Dunstable Duxbury Milc-sMp. Fishersficld Franccstown Goffstown Hancock Henikor nillshorough. Ilollis nopkinton KersarRo Gon^ Litchfic-ld Lyndborouqh LjTidborough Gore. Mason Mcrrimac New Boston.. Now Ipswich. New London Nottiui^ham West. Peterborough Raby 3S4 111 97 I'll 17s 45 23 14S 58 4 134 115 27 60 173 , 201 t 117 177 m 211' 26,' IC S7 219 8 145 135 : 177 176 .50 188 136 60 Num- ber. Slaveholdlng. ^Vhltc. Nonslavi-linl.llrx' Num- ber of fami- lies. Number of members. Aver- Total. I a^ per I family. Free col- ored.! 2o| Num- ber. 12.5 1 Num- ber of (uni- ties. 1 II S.0 10.0 I 6.7 10.0 3 •jji- K ! 225 I « I 19 43 i 175 I !| "so' ' 62 I 16 21 90 130 71 3 6 6 2 25 70 1 35 43 6,330 3 99 "27 55 223 5 19 43 174 SO 62 16 21 90 '"s 69 130 71 3 6 6 2 25 Number of m^mben. Aver- Total. I ate per family. Free col- oiBd.i 70 1 35 42 6.317 \2 622 , "'i«i' 202 1,172 22 9« 202 815 ! 312 I 329 117 I 125 I 48 402 611 411 8 35 29 9 144 4.0 6.3 . 'e'o' ; 5.3 . 5.3 I 4.4 . 5.1 . 4.7 ,. 4.7 6.2 6.3 7.3 CO Per cent families of each clus form of all (unlUn. SIsTeboldliiK. ! Nooslanv holdlnf. Free White, col- White. ored.i Fres ool- BJlTBa. Arrnrr Total I. num- 1' ber. ! iarnny. 6.0 6.8 4.7 5.8 2.7 6.8 4.8 4.S 6.8 6 202 241 32.706 5.5 l.I I 4.2 0.8 6.0 i. 6.8 :. 6.7 . 6.2 13 384 3!>4 • 2,351 111 111 645 97 97 630 141 141 890 178 178 1,107 45 45 217 23 23 120 148 148 936 58 58 362 4 4 30 134 131 901 115 115 633 27 27 169 60 60 325 173 173 983 201 200 1,241 117 118 631 177 177 1,116 141 141 797 342 242 1,441 269 289 1,714 18 18 103 57 54 352 219 219 1.280 8 8 38 145 145 919 135 135 8C9 177 177 1.194 ITS 176 1,237 50 SO 311 188 is; 1,051 1.16 136 857 60 59 335 6.1 5.8 5.4 loao 98.0 1 'iod'o'i loao I 99.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.4 lOO.O 100.0 100.0 S5.S 98.9 'i66.'6',. 95.8 |. 99.3 . 100.O,. 100.0 I. 100.0 . 100.0 . 100.0'. laaoj. xo 0.9 0.6 1.0 xo 1.0 4.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 loao 99.8 6.3 1 lOO.O 6.2 4.8 6.3 6 3 6.2 7.5 6.9 5.5 6.3 5.4 5.7 S.2 5.4 6.3 6.7 6.0 6.4 6 7 6.5 5.8 4.8 100." lun " 101.0 100.0 100.0 loao 100.0 100 loao 97.8 loao 100 100 loao 99.5 99.1 loao 100.0 loao loao loao »< 7 ini lou a.'. 0.V 53 6.3 601... 6.7 !-• u 7.0 1 1 IUIlO 6.2 5.6 6.3 4.7 loao 99.5 100.0 98.1 as 'i.'j ' Includes families of Indians taxed. 76292—09- -19 278 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 114 —NUMBER OF FAMILIES REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, CLASSIFIED AS SLAVEHOLDING AND NON- SLAVEHOLDING, WHITE, AND FREE COLORED, TOGETHERWITH THE TOTAL AND AVERAGE NLIIBER OF SLAVES, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790— Continued. NEW HAMPSHIRE— Continued. FAMIUES. SLAVES. Total num- ber. Slaveholding. Nonslaveholding. Per cent families of each class f jrm of ail famities. Total num- ber. COUNTY AND TOWN. Num- ber. White. Free col- ored.! Num- ber. White. Free col- ored.! Slaveholding. Nonslave- holding. Average number Num- ber of fami- lies. Number of members. Num- ber of fami- lies. Number of members. White. Free col- ored.' White. Free col- ored.! per slave- holding family. Total. Aver- age per family. Total. Aver- age per family. Hillsborough county— Cont'd. 215 45 57 90 116 148 286 159 7,398 215 45 67 90 116 148 286 159 7,322 215 45 57 90 114 148 286 168 7,275 1,360 260 329 520 741 863 1,924 1,088 42,419 6.3 5.8 5.8 5.8 6.5 5.8 6.7 6.9 5.8 ■ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.3 100.0 100.0 99.4 98.3 2 1.7 Wilton 1 47 0.6 0.6 76 76 438 5.8 1.0 97 1.3 Allenstown 46 79 94 156 167 160 340 82 278 299 58 223 131 287 20 105 121 154 91 75 146 167 422 166 94 89 194 99 99 114 124 178 131 155 147 91 78 893 128 152 207 105 132 73 113 102 4,078 128 420 98 314 225 14 31 441 180 98 46 79 94 155 167 159 340 82 274 297 58 218 131 286 20 103 120 153 91 74 146 167 417 164 94 80 193 98 99 114 123 171 131 153 147 94 77 872 128 150 206 105 132 73 142 99 4,060 127 420 98 308 222 44 30 440 ISO 93 46 79 94 154 167 159 340 82 273 297 68 218 131 273 20 102 119 162 90 74 146 167 415 163 94 80 192 98 99 114 123 170 131 153 146 94 77 856 125 150 205 105 132 73 140 99 4,055 254 478 566 967 1,039 1,038 1,898 492 1,707 1,601 356 1,219 830 1,637 93 699 713 842 637 418 804 902 2,588 1,052 534 475 1,125 526 655 604 745 1,020 794 954 868 516 489 4,497 719 811 1,203 562 713 448 870 631 23,419 5.5 6.1 6.0 6.3 6.2 6.5 5.6 6.0 6.3 5.4 6.1 5.6 6.3 6.0 4.7 5.9 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.6 5.5 5.4 6.2 6.5 5.7 5.9 S.9 5.4 6.6 5.3 6.1 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.9 5.5 6.4 5.3 .5.8 5.6 5.9 5.4 5.4 6.1 6.2 6.4 5.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.7 100.0 99.4 100.0 100.0 98.2 99.3 100.0 97.8 100.0 95.1 100.0 97.1 98.3 98.7 98.9 98.7 ioo.o 100.0 98.3 98.2 100.0 89.9 99.0 99.0 100.0 100.0 99.2 95.5 100.0 98.7 99.3 100.0 98.7 95.9 97.7 98.7 99.0 100.0 100.0 ino.o 97.9 97.1 99.4 Brintwood 1 1 2 2.0 1 0.6 0.6 1 1 Canterbury. . . 1 1 6 6.0 0.6 3 3 Chester Chichester Concord 4 2 4 2 20 9 5.0 4.5 1 1.4 0.7 0.4 4 2 1 Deerfleld East Kingston 5 5 29 5.8 2.2 5 Exeter. . 1 1 2 2.0 13 0.3 4.5 2 '' Gosport (on Star Island).... Greenland . . 2 1 1 2 1 1 21 9 6 10.5 9.0 6.0 1 1 1 1 1.9 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.6 1.1 2 1 1 1 Hampton 1 Hampton Kalis 1 1 3 3.0 1.3 1 1.0 Kensington Kingston Londonderry 5 2 5 2 42 18 8.4 9.0 2 1 1.2 1.2 0.5 0.6 5 2 1.0 1.0 Loudon Newcastle Newington 9 1 1 9 1 1 51 4 3 5.7 4.0 3.0 "i' 10.1 0.5 1.0 0.5 14 1 1 1.6 1.0 1.0 Northampton Northfleld 1 7 1 7 5 34 5.0 4 9 ...... 0.8 3.9 'ae' 1 11 1.0 1.6 Nottingham Pelham Pembrools... Pittsficid 2 2 6 3.0 1 1.3 0.7 2 1.0 Plaistow Poplin 1 21 1 21 2 121 2.P 6.8 "ie 3 ...... 1.3 2.4 "1.8" 2.3 "o.h' 1 26 1.0 1.2 Raymond Rve 2 1 2 i 12 4 6 4.0 1.3 0.5 3 2 L5 2.0 Sandown Seabrook South Hampton Stratham 1 3 18 1 3 18 3 26 108 3.0 8.7 6.0 2 5 0.7 2.9 0.4 1.4 0.1 1 5 21 i.6 1.7 1.2 Windham Bamstcad 1 1 4 4.0 127 420 98 308 222 44 30 436 180 98 802 2, 179 674 1,937 1,222 254 148 2,578 1,034 588 6.3 5.9 5 9 0.8 99.2 100.0 100.0 98.1 98.7 100.0 96.8 98.9 100.0 100.0 1 1.0 Barrington Conway Dover 6 3 6 3 33 19 5.5 6.3 6.3 5.5 5.8 4.9 5.9 5.7 6.0 1.9 1.3 S 3 1.3 Durham Eaton Effingham 1 1 1 1 4 9 4.0 9.0 ■■■4" 3.2 0.2 "69' 1 1 10 l.« Lee Madbury ! Includes families of Indians taxed. GENERAL TABLES. 279 Table 114.-NUMBER OF FAMILIES REPORTED AT TUE FIIiST CENSUS CLASSIFIED AS SLAVEIIOI I.IVf Avn vnv NEW HAMPSHIRE-Contlnued. rAMlUU. laToboldL *L4TB1. Total num- ber. SlaTeboldlng. Nou ■«• Pw oent (unlllM ol mcb slMi lonn at aU lamlllM. Toul nuni- Ur. COUNTY AND TOWN. Num. bcr. White. Free col- onsd.i '1 While. Fnw col- onsd.i Slavcboldlnc. NooiUto. holdlnf. Aicraca numLrr prrtUvn. holdinc family. Num- ber of (ami- nes. Number of members. 1 Num- ' •»'• Num. Number of membcn. White. Fm col. ored.i Whila. Free od- ond.i A¥cr- Total. ago nor lamlly. (ami- Uea. Total. Aver- Strallord county— Continued. Merideth 153 107 91 .U 69 158 107 90 lot 74 111 09 50t 293 155 lei 2 9 46 20 US 78 1S3 107 90 104 73 111 69 506 293 155 161 2 9 46 20 US 78 878 617 559 554 438 cso 339 2,843 1,587 905 919 3 48 260 109 646 448 6.7 5.8 6.2 5.3 6.0 5.9 4.9 5 6 5.4 5.8 5.7 IS 5.3 6.7 5.5 5.6 6.7 100 r, Moultonboruugh i' 1 6' ■ "s.6' ........ li>' ' New Durham I'- ' 1 , 1.0 New Durham Ciorp 1 98.6 loao 100.0 99 8 100.0 100.0 98.2 luu.n lOOO 97.9 loao 100.0 loao ■,,.|.:::: New TTiimplon Os.si|u-i' !l Uo'hisler Sanborn town 50- 293 l.i 1 8 11.0 0.3 ■::''|; • 1.0 Sand wirh l.W 164 2 9 47 20 115 78 . ! 8j 3 21 i.O l.g ::::::! 4- ......... Stark's I.ocation I.I Sterling's Location 1 1 5 5.0 2.1 ' '■• Tutfouborouph Wakefield 1! Wolfborough 1 il RHODE ISLAin). Thestate 11,290 Bristol county . . Harrington. Bristol Warren Kent county . Coventry , Kasl Greenwich., Warwick , West Greenwich. Newport county . Jamestown Little t'ompton. Mtddleton New Shorehnm.. Newport , Portsmouth Tiverton Providence county. Cranston Cumberland. Foster Gloiestcr Johnstown... 115 252 200 1,387 394 296 397 300 2,448 79 260 128 90 1,242 243 406 4,016 315 313 363 I 620 219 North Providence I 183 Providence ! 1, 127 Scltuate ' 382 SmlthQeld ■ 494 Washington county | 2,878 Charleston Kxoter IIoi>kinston North Kingston. Richmond South Kingston. Westerly 295 423 404 454 290 653 359 461 1 53 4 8 IC 4 180 8 12 8 20 109 10 13 53 318 180 12 8 20 109 10 13 40 221 57 23 67 88 43 1,157 44 84 65 139 l>48 81 96 391 SO 27 12 20 30 206 24 20 906 4 • 24 , 6 42 2 , 60 I 4 I 21 154 35 262 9 6.5 6.0 5.0 6.S 5.2 58 8.4 5.6 10 7 6.4 5.S 7.0 8.1 7.0 5.9 8.1 7.4 9.0 12.0 6.7 7.5 7.2 8.0 S.0 5.3 6.4 5.8 6.2 4.5 6.4 9.8 10,835 II 10,393 514 504 107 218 189 1,355 390 288 381 296 2,268 71 248 120 70 1,133 233 393 3,962 308 313 360 619 216 179 1,096 379 490 2,736 103 213 188 385 281 350 293 2,141 63 246 119 TO 1,054 231 358 3,840 285 311 357 617 204 171 1,029 376 480 2,599 291 > 399 396 412 288 593 355 271 384 393 382 28S 535 349 61,590 I 2,694 599 1,074 1,021 8,228 5.9 ' 442 I .12.0 I S.9 10 5.8 5.0 5.4 2,420 1.674 2. 156 1,9(8 12.024 379 1.400 734 438 5.447 1.472 2,154 23.023 6.3 6.0 G.2 &8 5.6 1,744 1,958 2,222 3,981 1.226 986 5,592 2,257 3,057 15,621 1,584 2,218 2,350 2,348 1,682 3,258 2,181 60 6.7 6.2 6.3 5.2 C4 6.0 S.0 6.3 6.2 6.5 6.0 6.8 S.4 6.0 6.4 5.8 5.8 «lO 6.1 5.9 6.1 6.3 5 7 31 3 127 79 2 36 122 69 3 10 137 9.3 7.0 13. S 5.5 2.3 1.0 2.7 4.0 1.3 7.4 lai 4.6 6.3 22.2 8.8 4.1 3.2 1.3 0.8 03 1.4 2.3 2.6 8 08 1.4 5.7 I.S 9.3 07 ti.3 1.1 • I 88.9 I 89.6 84.5 94.0 •4.4 97.7 94.9 97.7 87. S 79.7 94. C 93.0 77.8 84.9 »5. I 88.2 95.6 937 99.4 98.3 99.6 912 gs.4 91.1 98.4 97.2 901 91.9 (OS 97.1 84.1 98.1 81.9 97.3 3.5 2.0 OS S.3 1.1 2.4 7.8 1.0 6.3 10.1 08 as 6.4 8 86 1.0 4.1 o.e as as 5.5 4.4 6.1 OR 2 a8 3.5 1.2 6.6 1.0 89 1.7 S II 35 10 173 16 23 IS 48 226 19 3S 81 4 I 3 S 47 « 5 344 I Includes families of Indiana taxed. 280 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 114= -NUMBER OP FAMILIES REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, CLASSIFIED AS SLAVEHOLDING AND NON- SLAVEHOLDING.W^ITE, AND FREE COLORED, TOGETHERWITH THE TOTAL AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF SLAVES, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790— Continued. CONNECTICUT. FAMILIES. SLAVES. Total num- ber. Slaveholding. Nonslaveholding. Per cent families of each class form of all families. Total num- ber. COUNTY AND TOWN. Num- ber. White. Free col- ored.i Num- ber. White. Free col- ored.' Slaveholding. Nonslave- holding. Average number Num- ber of fami- lies. Number of members. Num- ber of fami- lies. Number of members. White. Free col- ored.' White. Free col- ored.' per slave- holding family. • Total. Aver- age per fanuly. Total. Aver- age per family. The State 40,876 1,663 1,557 9,769 6.3 6 39,313 38,900 222,372 5.7 413 3.8 m 96.2 1.0 2,648 1.7 Palrfleld county 6,412 470 470 2,798 6.0 5,942 5,899 32,376 5.5 43 7.3 92.0 0.7 799 1.7 Brookfield Danbury Fairfield 189 663 707 527 476 277 445 [ 1,628 264 351 548 437 6,582 2 18 96 49 67 9 47 67 20 6 67 23 157 2 18 96 49 67 9 47 67 20 5 67 23 167 5 130 640 308 400 44 297 420 131 26 376 121 1,020 2.5 7.2 5.6 6.3 6.0 4.9 6.3 6.3 6.6 5.2 6.6 5.3 6.6 187 545 611 478 409 268 398 1,561 244 346 481 414 6,425 186 641 609 476 398 268 397 1,647 242 346 478 411 6,372 997 2,859 3,253 2,748 2,174 1,615 2,410 8,190 1,321 1,912 2,699 2,298 36,494 5.4 6.3 6.3 6.8 5.5 5.7 6.1 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 6.7 1 4 2 2 11 "i' 14 2 ""'3 3 63 1.1 3.2 13.6 9.3 14.1 3.2 10.6 4.1 7.6 1.4 12.2 5.3 2.4 98.4 96.1 86.1 90.3 83.6 96.8 89.2 96.0 91.7 98.6 87.2 94.1 96.8 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.4 2.3 ■■6.'2' 0.9 0.8 "'6.' 5" 0.7 0.8 3 23 203 82 120 9 71 117 32 5 98 36 266 1.5 1.3 2.1 Greenwich Huntington New Fairfield 1.7 1.8 1.0 Newtown Norwalk Stamford Reading Ridgefield Stratford Weston Hartford county 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.0 1.5 1.6 1.6 Berlin Bristol East Hartford. 452 440 473 4S0 317 439 408 489 663 424 389 407 6S5 456 6,563 2 1 16 8 10 6 14 2 1 16 8 10 6 14 14 4 93 49 47 42 70 7.0 4.0 6.2 6.1 4.7 7.0 5.0 450 439 458 472 307 433 454 489 633 422 380 393 648 447 6,444 449 434 457 470 307 426 442 489 626 422 376 388 641 446 6,400 2,469 2,446 2,879 2,498 1,745 2,598 2,506 2,602 3,733 2,659 2,006 2,3S0 3,432 2,533 37,392 5.6 5.6 6.3 5.3 5.7 6.1 6.8 6.3 6.0 6.3 5.3 6.0 5.4 5.7 5.8 1 5 1 2 7 12 0.4 0.2 3.2 1.7 3.2 1.4 3.0 99.3 98.6 96,6 97.9 96.8 97.0 94.4 100.0 94.3 99.5 96.7 95.3 93.6 97.8 97.6 0.2 1.1 0.2 0.4 1.6 2.6 2 2 31 8 13 7 27 1.0 2.0 2.1 East Windsor 1.0 Enfield Farmington 1.3 1.2 Glastonbury ... . 1.9 Hartford 30 2 9 14 37 9 119 30 2 9 14 37 9 119 212 23 09 99 246 52 776 7.1 11.5 7.7 7.1 6.6 6.8 6.5 8 4 6 7 1 44 4.5 0.5 2.3 3.4 5.4 2.0 1.8 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.2 0.7 47 2 11 28 59 19 203 1.0 Simsbury 1.0 Bouthington SuiTield . ... 1.2 2.0 Wethersfield 1.6 Windsor 2.1 T^itphfipld rntinty 1.7 Bethlem 179 255 230 215 3,358 555 307 146 268 574 476 3,282 4 12 3 4 47 12 9 5 6 9 9 114 4 12 3 4 47 12 t 6 9 9 113 39 70 17 37 290 96 50 24 33 01 59 685 9.8 6.8 5.7 9.3 6.2 8.0 5.6 4.8 6.6 6.8 6.6 6.1 1 176 243 227 211 3,311 543 298 141 263 505 467 3,168 175 239 227 210 3,292 536 294 1.39 261 564 463 3,146 1,012 1,357 1,345 1,263 19,765 3,010 1,652 740 1,028 3,008 2,662 17,790 6.8 5.7 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.6 5.6 5.3 6.2 6.4 6.6 5.7 "■"4 ...... 19 7 4 2 2 1 4 23 2.2 4.7 1.3 1.9 1.4 2.2 2.9 3.4 1.9 1.6 1.9 3.4 97.8 93.7 98.7 97.7 9S,0 90.6 95.8 95.2 97.4 98.3 97.3 95.8 "i.ii' "'6.' 5" 0.6 1.3 1.3 1.4 0.7 0-2 0.8 0.7 4 19 6 6 89 25 21 6 6 11 11 192 1.0 1.6 2.0 Kent 1.5 Litchfield 1.9 NewMilford 2.1 Southbury 2 3 Warren 1.2 Washington 1.0 Watertown 1.2 Woodbury 1.2 Middlesex county . . 1 7 Chatham East Haddain 563 472 356 390 942 559 6,012 386 445 658 209 169 728 291 447 919 238 656 662 414 12 10 3 6 60 24 241 12 10 3 5 60 23 241 72 68 11 37 371 126 1,306 6.0 6.8 3.7 7.4 6.2 5.5 5.4 "i' 661 462 363 385 882 536 5,771 549 467 362 384 870 533 6,684 3,109 2,619 2,170 2,088 4,755 3,049 28, 478 5.7 5.7 6.2 5.4 5.5 6.7 5.0 2 5 1 1 12 2 87 2.1 2.1 0.8 1.3 6.4 4.1 4.0 "q.2 97.6 96.8 98.9 98.5 92.4 95.3 94.6 0.4 1.1 0.3 0.3 1.3 0.4 1.4 16 19 3 11 109 34 387 1.3 1 9 Haddam Killingworth 1.0 2.2 Say brook New Haven county 1.4 1 6 Branford Cheshire. 29 9 23 7 20 23 4 45 46 4 19 4 9 29 9 23 7 20 23 4 46 45 4 19 4 9 149 47 151 9 121 99 22 244 264 16 99 28 57 5.1 5.2 6.6 1.3 6.1 4.3 5.5 5.4 5.9 4.0 5.2 7.0 6.3 C.'.'.'. 357 436 535 202 149 705 287 402 874 234 637 548 405 353 428 626 201 148 701 286 387 849 233 630 646 398 1,990 2,241 2,718 998 873 3,293 1,391 1,709 4,028 1,205 3,183 2,817 2,032 6.6 6.2 6.2 5.0 5.9 4.7 4.9 4.4 4.7 6.2 5.1 5.2 6.1 4 8 10 1 1 4 1 15 25 1 7 3 7 7.5 2.0 4.1 3.3 1 11.8 3.2 1.4 10.1 4.9 1.7 2.9 0.7 . 2.2 91.6 96.2 94.1 96.2 87.6 96.3 98.3 86.6 92.4 97.9 96.0 1 98.7 1 96.1 1.0 1.8 1.8 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.3 3.4 2.7 0.4 1.1 0.6 1.7 47 13 43 9 35 26 4 66 71 6 46 10 14 1.6 1.4 1.9 1 3 Durham Guilford J I Hamden 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.5 2.4 2.6 1.6 Milford New Haven city. WallinRford Waterburv Woodbrld'ge ' Includes lamilies of Indians taxed. 8 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. GENERAL TABLES. 281 "^"'s^ lvt\Tm'i^vr\''.frTf i^.'^L^^^^'''''^ ^'^ ™^ ^'^T CENSUS. CLASSIFIED AS SLAVEUOLDINU AND NON- BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790-ConUn.icd. CONNECTICUT-Contlnued. COUNTY AND TOWS. New London county >. Tolland county Bottoo i-k>ventry Ellington Hebron Somors StatTord Tolland I'nion Wlllington Windham county Ashford Urooklvnp Canlorfjury Hampton KiUingley T^banon MansllHld F^lainfipld Pomfret Thompson Vnliintown Windham Woodstock Total num- ber. 5,886 2,139 228 336 171 345 200 315 238 100 208 4.200 393 177 288 201 326 573 393 238 244 333 230 414 330 Num- ber. 329 35 Slaveboldlng. White. Num- ber of fami- lies. 325 Number of members. Total. 2,173 248 14 24 19 118 23 2 35 765 30 60 12 7 35 142 31 55 141 18 58 103 73 Aver- age per family. 8.7 7.2 7.0 8.0 9.5 8.3 7.7 1.0 7.0 8.0 5.0 7.8 1 Free col- ored.! 7.5 10.0 8.0 7.0 5.0 7.5 7.8 8.9 9.4 9.0 8.3 7.4 8.1 Num- ber. 5,357 2,104 228 332 168 331 197 313 231 99 207 4,102 389 171 288 200 319 554 389 230 229 331 283 400 321 Nowlaveholdlnc. WhlU^. Num- ber of fami- Uei. 5,231 2.104 Number of members. ToUI. 29,397 12.857 228 I 332 168 331 197 313 231 99 207 4.085 387 168 284 198 317 S49 389 227 229 330 281 388 318 1.340 2,078 1,020 2,151 1,190 1,849 1,430 621 I 1,178 27,588 1 ATer- ageper family. 5.8 6.1 5.9 8.3 8.1 6.6 6.0 5.9 6.2 6.3 5.7 8.8 2.524 1.227 1.855 I 1.315 I 2,098 3.910 I 2,i.S« 1,586 I 1,581 I 2.238 ' 1,772 2. SCO 2,327 I 6.5 7.3 6.5 8.8 6.8 7.1 6.8 7.0 8.9 6.8 8.3 8.8 7.3 Free col- ond.i 126 37 Per cent funlllea of each elaa form of all (ubIUm. Slavrholdlng. White. 5.7 1.6 0.9 1.2 1.2 4.1 1.5 0.8 2.1 1.0 0.6 2.S 1.0 3.4 0.7 0.5 Zl 3.3 1.0 3.4 8.1 0.S 2.4 3.4 2.7 Free col- ored.! ai NoodsTe- hoidlJI(. While. •1.0 98.4 Free ool- ond.i 12 99.1 I 98.8 < 98.2 I 96.9 98.6! 99.4 ' 97.9 I 90.0 I 99.6 (6.8 98.5 94.9 98.6 98.5 97.2 95.8 99.0 i 95.4 93.9 99.1 I 96.9 I 93.7 98.4 0.5 1.7 0.7 10 0.8 0.9 0.3 0.7 3.9 a9 Total Avrraci numi«Y num. (M-r ftlavn> brr. holdlnc family. •81 7 10 ; 2 I Le!a than ooe-trnth of I per crnL 282 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 114.-NUMBER OF FAMILIES REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, CLASSIFIED AS SLAVEHOLDING AND NON- SLAVEHOLDING, WHITE, AND FREE COLORED, TOGETHER WITH THE TOTAL AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF SLAVES, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790— Continued. NEW YORK— Continued. FAIUUES. SLAVES. Total num- ber. Slaveholdlng. Nonslaveholding. Per cent families of each class form of all families. Total num- ber. COUNTY AND TOWN. Num- ber. 628 White Num- ber. i White. Free col- ored.' Slaveholding. Nonslave- holding. Average number Num- ber of fami- lies. Number of members. Free col- ored.' Num- l)er of fami- lies. Number of members. White. Free col- ored.' White. Free col- ored.' per slave- holding family. Total. Aver- age per family. Total. Aver- age per family. Columbia county 4,276 528 3,076 5.8 3,748 3,736 22,453 6.0 12 12.3 87.4 0.3 1,633 3.1 1,018 470 131 81 754 380 698 744 6,717 23 109 37 16 20 63 174 86 670 22 46 67 195 36 33 20 12 80 121 6 32 333 104 49 73 32 31 44 300 23 109 37 16 20 63 174 86 670 175 685 208 108 135 418 789 558 4,740 7.6 6.3 5.6 0.8 6.8 6.6 4.5 6.5 7.1 995 361 94 65 734 317 624 668 6,047 994 369 94 65 733 310 523 668 5,990 6,272 2,224 642 354 4,283 1,947 3,033 3,798 38,234 6.3 6.2 5.8 5.4 5.8 6.3 6.8 5.8 6.4 1 2 1 7 1 57 2.3 23.2 28.2 19.8 2.7 16.6 24.9 11.6 10.0 97.6 76.4 71.8 80.2 97.2 81.6 74.9 88.4 89.2 0.1 0.1 1.8 0.1 0.8 36 341 112 40 33 199 639 233 1,864 1.6 Claverack 3.1 3.0 2.5 HUIsdale 1.7 3.2 3.7 2.7 Dutchess county 2.8 Amenla 441 610 096 885 914 600 676 331 370 514 141 7^9 646 22 46 67 195 36 33 20 12 80 121 6 32 332 103 49 73 32 31 44 299 188 358 624 1,275 270 201 181 91 637 771 36 248 1,896 8.5 7.8 11 u 9.1 7.6 6.7 6.4 6.0 7.8 5.7 1 419 404 629 690 878 467 656 319 290 393 135 707 213 416 462 624 686 872 464 642 319 284 385 134 702 211 2,809 3,125 3,877 4,023 6,557 3,034 4,022 1,901 1,745 2,404 809 4,808 1,128 6.8 6.8 6.2 6.9 6.4 6.6 6.3 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.5 6.8 5.3 3 2 5 4 6 3 14 6 8 1 6 2 5.0 9.0 9.6 22.0 3.9 6.6 3.0 3.6 21.6 23.5 4.3 4.3 60.8 0.2 94.3 90.6 89.7 77.6 95.4 92.8 95.0 90.4 76.8 74.9 95.0 95.0 38.6 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.6 2.1' 1.6 1.6 0.7 0.7 0.4 52 106 176 601 63 80 42 25 207 421 13 78 1,482 2.4 2.3 2.6 FishL-ill 3.1 1.8 Northeast 2.4 Pawlinn 2.1 2.1 2.6 Rhinebeck 3.5 Southeast 2.2 2.4 Kings county 4.S Brooklyn. 218 74 99 48 ■18 69 4,906 602 239 402 184 203 266 1,754 5.8 4.9 5.5 5.8 6.5 6.0 6.9 1 1 114 25 26 16 17 16 4,006 114 24 26 16 17 14 4,603 585 128 149 102 83 81 26,300 5.1 5.3 6.7 6.4 4.9 6.8 6.7 "'i' " 'i' 3 47.2 60.2 73.7 60.7 04.6 74.6 6.1 0.5 52.3 32.4 20.3 33.3 35.4 23.7 93.8 1 "lY 0.1 455 171 378 137 135 206 588 4.4 3.5 Flatbush 5.2 Flatlands.. 4.3 Gravesend 4.4 4.7 Montgomery county 2.0 Canajoharie... 1,047 721 405 12 225 319 274 791 304 474 334 0,037 CO 71 5 60 71 5 366 391 31 6.1 5.6 6.2 987 650 400 12 214 313 269 730 300 402 329 4,922 987 660 400 12 214 312 269 . 730 299 402 328 4,763 6,646 3,690 2,357 45 1,217 1,688 1,488 3,957 1,640 2,718 1,854 22,277 6.7 5.7 5.9 3.8 6 7 6.4 5.6 6.4 5.5 6.8 5.7 4.7 5.7 9.8 1.2 94.3 90.2 98.8 100.0 95.1 97.8 98.2 92.3 98.4 84.8 98.2 78.7 96 133 7 1.6 1.9 1.4 11 6 5 CI 4 72 6 1,115 11 6 5 60 4 72 6 1,115 64 32 28 318 22 475 27 6,673 6.8 5.3 6.6 6.3 6.6 0.6 6.4 6.0 ' "i' ■"'i' i' 169 4.9 1.9 1.8 7.6 1.3 15.2 1.5 18.5 'ai' ■ o.'s' "o.'s' "o.'s'j 2.8 20 6 8 111 8 192 7 2.373 1.8 1.0 Herkimer 1.6 1.8 Otsepo... 2.0 Palatine 2.7 Whites 1.4 New York city and county 2.1 5,926 325 586 1,377 895 1,087 380 1,276 lU 204 1,067 115 235 210 164 130 58 165 48 4 1,067 116 235 210 154 130 68 165 48 4 6,421 641 1,471 1,188 871 833 298 1,119 252 4 6.0 5.6 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.4 5.1 6.8 5.3 1.0 4,859 210 351 1,107 741 967 322 1,111 63 200 4,695 208 349 1,108 705 927 313 1,085 58 20O 21,953 975 1,699 4,979 3,459 4,372 1,299 5,170 324 1,036 4.7 4.7 4.9 4.6 4.9 4.7 4.2 4.8 5.6 5.2 164 2 2 69 36 30 9 26 5 18.0 36.4 40.1 15.3 17.2 12.0 16.3 12.9 43.2 2.0 79.2 64.0 69.6 80.5 78,8 85.3 82.4 85.0 52.3 98.0 2.8 [ 0.6 1 0.3 4.3 4.0 2.8 2.4 2.0 1 4.5 2,184 234 514 373 311 208 115 309 189 10 2.0 Dock ward 2.0 2.2 Montgomery ward North ward 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.0 V/est v.'ard 2 2 3.9 Ontario county 2 5 88 31 09 16 2,890 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1.0 1.0 1.0 87 29 68 16 2,475 87 29 68 16 2,453 454 147 336 99 14,688 6.2 5.1 4.9 6.2 6.0 1.1 6 5 98.9 93.5 98.6 100.0 84.9 1 7 2 1.0 Erwin. . . ... 3 5 Genesee 1.4 2.0 415 415 2,627 6.3 22 14 4 0.8 961 2 3 Goslien 343 810 370 UK 190 572 87 114 21 02 78 53 87 114 21 62 78 63 009 OoO 136 475 400 358 7.0 5.7 6.4 7.7 5.1 6.8 256 096 3,9 643 112 519 250 693 347 642 109 612 1,667 3,920 2,013 3,5l4 539 3,105 6.3 6.7 5.8 6.6 4.9 6.1 6 3 2 1 3 7 25.4 14.1 5.7 10.2 41.1 9.3 ...... 72.9 85.6 93.8 89.6 57.4 89.6 1.7 0.4 0.5 0.2 1.6 1.2 212 238 51 167 198 96 2 4 Ilaverstraw 2 1 Minisink New Cornwall . . . 2.4 2 7 Orange Warwick 2.5 1.8 1 Includes families of Indians taxed. 3 Less than one-tenth o f 1 per cent. GENERAL TABLES. 283 Table 114.-NUMBER OF FAMILIES REPORTED AT TDE FIRST rFVsrs: ri »«.r,i-, . . SLAVEnoLDING.WUITE AND FREE (OI ORFI. TnrPTiM.»\v^:^^l,r/ ^ ' " "^'^ "^LAVEIIOLDINO AND NON- BY COUNTIES aInD MINOR CIUL DIHsS COUNTY AND TOWN. Queens county . Flushing Jamaica Newtown North Ilonipstead. Oyster Bay South Hempstead. Richmond county Castle ton Northfield... Southfield... Westfield.... Suffolk county.. Brookhaven . . , Kasthamplon. lIuntinKtoii. . . Islip Shelter Island. Smithtown Southampton. Southold Ulster county . Hurley Kinpston Maiiiakating. Marhlftown.. MIddletown., Montpomer>- New .Marllwrough. New I'alti New Windsor Newburgh Rochester Shawan^unk . Walli;ili Woodstock... Washington county. Arpyle r.rahville... Hampton.. Hehron Kingsbury. Queensbury. Satetn Westfleld.... Whitehall... Westchester county . Bedford Cortlandt . . . Eastehester. t-JriTnburgh. Harrison Mamaroneck.. Morrisania Mt. Pleasant.. New Uochellc. North Castle.. North Salem... Pelham Poundridgc.... NKW VORK-Conllnued. Slaveboldlng. White. Total num- ber. .Num- ber. Num- ber of fami- lies. Number of members. I Aver- Total. age per jlaiiiUy. Trtv col- I ored.i 0.1 ■.isi; w>3 5fi6 121 1S8 125 162 2,858 141 153 158 134 238 S6ti 249 572 106 35 155 582 593 4.354 103 43 103 878 104 534 284 304 172 524 36$ 336 280 387 223 277 392 169 2,488 400 392 75 306 178 183 395 407 152 3,797 420 32S 102 208 152 65 13 303 112 397 177 31 18« 210 IS 97 23 78 42 28 76 102 47 11 24 141 153 158 134 238 800 963 1,042 798 1,290 39 229 46 251 72 ' 360 81 , 450 496 : 2,632 103 j 524 43 < 243 103 563 9 45 23 248 521 465 878 5,535 5.8 6.7 6.7 C.3 &6 6.0 S.4 Num- ber. 1,773 -Nonsbiveholdlog. White. .^Ijx* liulillnr Num- Ixr of ftml- Number of members. ' Fr.-. Total. 'age per' 1, Whlu^ f f. col- , Ofed.i! It,. While, eel- I ond.il l,*Vi 8,143 , 97 154 127; 172 430 488 324 I 630 889 696 1,065 I 3.364 , 2,604 1,605 6.5 5.8 6.6 6.1 6.6 6.3 6.2 6.9 6.6 5.0 6.6 6.3 6.1 6.7 5.6 S.0 4.6 4.S 6.8 6.0 6.3 1 10 3 1 540 56 210 15 97 23 78 42 28 76 102 47 11 24 298 1,255 I 107 641 29 675 173 ! 483 276 179 I I 452 683 I 322 I 62 { 209 6.3 6.0 7.1 6.1 7.3 7.0 7.5 a2 &6 &4 6.9 8.7 6.9 6.6 a7 111' 63 81 2,362 81 111 r,\ 81 2,310 450 206 4ti2 83 101 489 491 4.Vi 11,677 6.4 6.8 4.6 4.7 .|i 3,476 7.9 640 3.441 150 194 216 311 186 48 230 236 129 73 66 17.0 7.8 lao 13.0 fi.4 7.5 6.9 &8 &8 7.1 6.1 9.6 6.1 6.3 7.2 6.S 6.0 48 324 269 215 168 427 315 238 238 369 2,464 3,464 391 .')«2 48 324 269 213 168 427 344 256 2.17 368 146 174 344 166 2,464 4<>^ 161 I 391 392 75 306 178 182 385 404 161 2, 195 l.OAe 2,509 459 131 397 2.454 2,376 20,761 303 1,938 1,600 1,260 983 2,636 2,004 1,507 1.409 2,096 1.070 2,138 937 13,819 4.9 6.1 6.4 5.6 4.7 3.9 6.0 4.8 27 61 as 41 ;i.'. 1 47.8 39.6 23.1 2a2 42.0 I ll 1 I 2 , 62 6.3 6.0 6.9 5.9 6.9 6.2 6.8 6.9 6.9 5.8 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.0 6.6 3,257 !] 3.224 400 295 70 1G2 126 60 8 366 74 399 293 70 162 118 48 8 364 70 2.266 2,242 463 1.703 1,119 l,0C2 2,098 2,072 796 18.737 379 376 I 166 166 I 20 20 186 186 ' 3,373 1,646 438 918 730 63 1,699 340 3.3A4 943 95 1,066 6.8 5.7 &3 6.6 6l3 5.8 6.4 6.1 6.3 33.3 29.1 67.6 60l0 J7.4 18.2 17.3 17.8 8.6 14.3 32.9 16.6 16.7 3a3 63.8 39.3 6.3 39.3 2.3 18.6 6.3 23.3 16. 7.2 34 1 *. - 12." 6.4 l.O Z3 a6 2.6 a? a7 5.7 5.6 63 5.7 6u3 0.0 6.6 6.1 4.9 60 5.7 4.8 6.7 .i-r ,iii(t "I)-. a.0 sas 1.8 .'.e ..8 < 1 -• 4 -• 4 t I J • . 9 3 ±i 2.a 7l>..l . 13.J 80. n ,',. 7 24 ' .914 .' 3 - 3 .1 3.9 4* 3.3 l.« 3.0 3.1 4i1lJ , 246 aa7 721, W.7 I 61 Tai a7 374 , »7.7 • 84. •. 02.6 I 4 aa I 6T 4.4 3.4 a.4 4.x LS 14 zs a.t 3.0 1.7 &« XI ;.-. 1.4 46 1.0 l.« 1.0 31 , 21 » 3.0 '1 1.0 ■ f T 16 1.0 XO 23 X« .'-i XI > Include* families of Indians taxed. 284 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 114 -NUMBER OF FAMILIES REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, CLASSIFIED AS SLAVEHOLDING AND NON- SLAVEHOLDING, WHITE, AND FREE COLORED, TOGETHER WITH THE TOTAL AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF SLAVES, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790— Continued. NEW YORK— Continued. FAUILTES. SLAVES. Total num- ber. Slaveholding. Nonslaveholding. Per cent families of each class form of all families. Total num- ber. COUNTT AND TOWN. Num- ber. White. Free col- ored.' Num- ber. White. Free col- ored.' Slaveholding. Nonslave- holding. Average number Num- ber of fami- lies. Number of members. Num- ber of fami- lies. Number of members. White. Free col- ored.! White. Free col- ored.' per slave- holding family. Total. Aver- age per family. Total. Aver- age per family. Weatcliester county— Cont'd. Rye 162 260 33 189 170 ,75 152 202 49 11 8 19 62 24 51 23 49 11 8 19 62 24 51 23 270 60 69 160 358 140 362 135 5.5 4.5 7.4 7.9 6.8 6.8 6.9 5.9 113 249 25 170 108 51 101 239 112 246 26 170 107 50 100 236 679 1,370 183 1,102 554 310 591 1,406 6.2 5.6 7.3 6.5 5.2 6.2 5.9 6.0 1 3 1 1 1 4 30.2 4.2 24.2 10.1 36.6 32.0 33.6 8.8 69.1 94.6 75.8 89.9 62.9 66.7 65.8 89.7 0.6 1.2 0.6 1.3 0.7 1.5 123 19 28 38 242 49 170 40 2.5 1.7 Scarsdale . 3.6 2.0 3.9 White Plains . 2.0 Youkers 3.3 York 1.7 PENNSYLVANIA. 73,874 1,858 1 1,851 12,942 7.0 7 72,016 71,471 408,690 5.7 645 2.5 (') 96.7 0.7 3,707 2.0 -Allegheny county ... 1,844 66 66 429 6.6 1,778 1,776 9,603 6.4 3 3.6 96.3 0.2 159 2.4 37 255 266 77 70 67 1,072 2,232 6,244 37 245 247 77 69 65 1,038 2,208 5,213 37 245 245 76 69 65 1,038 2,204 5,209 206 ' 1,397 1,303 375 388 393 5,541 12.887 29,717 5.6 6.7 6.3 4.9 5.6 6.0 6.3 5.8 5.7 100.0 96.1 92.1 98.7 98.6 97.0 96.8 98.7 99.3 10 19 io 19 80 123 8.0 6.5 ■■2' 1 4 4 3.9 7.1 "6.' 8" 1.3 0.2 0.1 21 40 2.1 Pitt 2.1 1 2 34 24 31 1 2 34 24 31 13 18 195 165 209 13.0 9.0 5.7 6.9 6.7 1.4 3.0 3.2 1.1 0.6 i 94 46 60 1.0 Versailles 1.5 That part of .\llesheny county taken from Wash- 2.8 Bedford county ^ 1.9 Berks county 1.9 132 152 147 360 164 60 241 91 100 245 89 101 120 151 133 362 173 129 120 177 161 146 435 109 199 142 94 389 119 204 4,180 132 152 146 358 164 60 240 89 100 245 88 100 120 149 133 359 172 129 120 177 159 146 430 106 198 142 94 385 117 204 4,046 132 151 146 358 164 60 240 89 100 245 88 99 120 149 133 368 172 129 120 177 159 145 430 106 ms 142 94 385 116 204 3,985 773 831 853 2.230 949 324 1.493 488 549 1,440 462 514 629 871 724 2,044 956 738 726 1,013 944 900 2,186 624 1,073 741 468 2,250 671 1,263 23,449 6.9 6.6 6.8 6.2 6.8 5.4 6.2 5.5 5.5 5.9 6.3 5.2 6.2 5.8 5.4 6.7 5.6 5.7 6.1 6.7 6.9 6.2 5.1 5.9 5.4 5.2 6.0 5.8 6.8 6.1 6.9 ino.o 99.3 99.3 99.4 100.0 100.0 99.6 97.8 100.0 100.0 9S.9 98.0 100.0 98.7 100.0 98.9 99.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.8 100.0 98.9 97.2 9=1.5 100.0 100.0 99.0 97.5 100.0 95.3 1 Alsace 1 0.7 i 2 1 2 4 18 4.0 9.0 0.7 0.6 > I 1.0 Bern 2.0 Bethel Brecknock Brunswick and Manheim... i 2 1 2 10 12 10.0 6.0 0.4 2.2 ...... 1 4 1.0 2.0 Colebrookdale 1 1 1 1 11 10 11.0 10.0 ...... 1.1 1.0 "i.'o' 1 1 Earl 1 East District Exeter 2 2 12 6.6 1.3 7 3 5 "■ Greenwich 3 1 3 1 21 9 7.0 9.0 1 0.8 0.6 .'.'.'.'.'. 0.3 6 1 2.0 Maiden Creek Manheim. (See Brunswick and Manheim.) Maxatany Oloy 2 2 9 4.6 1.2 4 2.0 Pinegrove 5 3 1 5 3 1 27 17 6 6.4 5.7 6.0 1.1 2.8 0.5 9 4 1 1.8 Richmond 1.3 1.0 Ilockland Ruscomb 4 2 4 2 29 14 7.3 7.0 ...... 1.0 1.7 "b'.s 16 3 3.8 Union 1 5 Windsor Bucks county 3 134 134 905 6.8 61 3.2 1.6 261 1.9 1 Includes families of Indians taxed. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 8 Not returned by townships. GENERAL TABLES. 286 PKNT*HYL,VAXIA-ConUnued. COUNTT AKD TOWN. Chester county. Bimilnpham... lirandywtne... Charleslown... Coventry East Bradlord. East rain East Fallowfleld . . East Marlborough. East NantmlU East Nottingham.. East Town East Whiteland. Fallowfield Goshen Honey brook Kennet London Britain. Londonderry Londongrove New Garden New London. NewUn Oxford Pennsburv. .. Plkeland.".... Sadsbury. . . Thornlniry Tredlllrln... Uwehland.. Vincent West Bnultord West lain West Marllxjrough. West NantniiU West Nottingham. We.«t Town West WhltcIand... WlUlstowu Total num- ber. 4,435 Cumberland county. Hopewell Newton Tyborn \\ estpensboro Eastern portion of county. 3S 127 209 195 125 107 85 144 170 123 75 75 124 204 118 99 43 96 110 128 120 89 148 86 142 89 26 157 165 182 117 133 121 147 69 60 72 122 3,017 Dauphin county. 1,281 1,736 3,248 Harrlsburgh town Lebanon to^vn Remainder of county. Delaware county Ashton Bothol Birmingham. Chesti-r Concord Darby Edgmont Uaverford Lower Chichester. . Lower Providence. Marple MIddletown Newtown 184 180 2,884 1,724 75 39 64 154 108 141 63 102 97 52 82 Slaveholdlnc. Num- ber. WTUte. Num- ber of (ami- Ilea. 3 117 10 117 Number of membcn. Avor- Total. age per family. 618 76 20 433 498 602 col- ored.' 7.0 9.0 11.0 11.0 9.0 7.0 2.0 8.0 6.7 9.5 6.0 6.5 6.3 6.4 10.0 9.0 6.2 7.6 7.6 8.3 7.3 4.0 2.0 4.3 3.0 6.7 8.0 7.6 8.3 6.5 2 I I 77 I 6 I 519 I 192 6.4 6.0 6.6 I 8.7 5.0 9.5 11.0 9.0 7.0 7.8 Notulaveholdlnt. Num- ber. 4,347 86 127 204 194 126 106 86 144 168 121 74 73 118 202 113 97 39 91 106 125 107 89 138 86 142 84 28 154 161 181 117 133 130 144 67 60 69 122 2,900 White. Num- ber of faml- Ilea. Numbrr of mrmben. 4,289 1,224 1,670 3,156 172 179 2,805 1,700 35 126 200 193 121 105 85 138 166 121 74 72 118 108 113 96 39 91 106 121 107 88 138 83 138 84 25 153 157 181 114 133 117 144 66 58 68 117 2,896 Total. Atw- I age per family. 28,363 1,221 1,<75 3,098 171 179 2,748 1,670 220 735 1,167 1,106 826 666 516 797 976 792 419 463 732 1,194 713 629 202 545 736 717 628 627 891 681 798 554 118 931 916 1,218 714 837 659 814 403 348 417 770 16,849 22 ! 13 11.0 1. 110 :. 78 154 107 139 62 !; •8 , 52 82 'I 97 I 72 ll 76 36 59 152 lOO 138 61 97 96 52 82 92 72 6,976 9,873 17,281 777 / 950 15,654 8.951 I 431 211 371 651 622 too 416 U9 S16 400 637 432 6.3 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.8 8.8 8.1 6.8 6.9 6.6 6.7 6.3 6.2 6.0 6.3 6.6 6.2 6.0 6.9 6.0 6.9 6.0 8.6 7.0 6.8 6.6 4.7 6.1 8.8 6.7 8.8 6.3 6.6 6.7 8.1 6.0 6.1 6.6 6.8 S.7 6.6 4.6 6.3 6.7 6.4 6.7 6.9 63 4.3 6.2 4.8 6.8 4.3 6.1 4.1 6.6 68 6.0 ool> 58 I*«r oant hmlUcg o( each claa fann of all fkmllla. 81«Tehn4(1lin. Wblts. NonilsT^ boldlnf. 'I 68 Tl xo 2.t 0.6 0.8 1.3 1.6 1.3 2.7 4.8 1.0 4.2 2.0 9.3 6.2 3.6 0.S 6.8 6.6 1.9 2.4 0.6 0.8 2.0 4.2 3.9 4.4 3.6 2.8 Free col- I While ond.i 6.6 0.6 2.7 1.4 1.8 19 3.0 1.4 M.7 I 1.3 100.0 I 99.2 i •8.7 •9.0 I 96.8 1 lursa. > AT-raip. 144 1.6 0.8 l.« 0.5 3.2 . 94.4 .1 e6.9{ 1.4 4.1 96.0 1 0.1 223 96.3 I 96.6 I 95.4 ' 0.2 ai 1.8 0.6 i'o' m «o 26 3 in 97.9 96.8 •6.1 W.0 IOOlO loao «3.» 98.6 a7 1.6 1.0 1.0 9H.1 100. 95.8 97.6 98.4 a. "Hi' 1.3 1 S ■ ■ ■■|8 2 8.0 4.0 l.« 98.7 9S.0 96.2 97.1 96.8 1.* "io 3 3 • 4 13 2.0 1.0 1.8 2.0 3.8 97.0 90.7 94.8 96.4 18.0 1.0 "Ha 3 8 7 S I 1.0 2.0 1.4 1.3 1.0 as.3 88.9 "ill ■"i'6 2.8 "i's' 0.6 2.4 30 1.6 •L2 96.6 30 3.0 •7.2 94.4 t»i.2 7 1.4 97.5 95 2 99.6 8 4 I 1.0 1.0 LO •74 Z« 100.0 96.7 98.0 2.6 1 7 1.0 2.3 95.7 96.7 1.4 3.3 3 1.6 > Includes families of Indians taxed. 'iDchidM 5 (lavet In as iDstltuttoo. 286 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 114 -NUMBER OF FAMILIES REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, CLASSIFIED AS SLAVEHOLDING AND NON- SLAVEHOLDING, WHITE, AND FREE COLORED, TOGETHER WITH THE TOTAL AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF SLAVES, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790— Continued. PENNSYLVANIA— Continued. FAMILIES. SLAVES. Total num- ber. Slaveholding. Nonslavtholding. Per cent families of each class form of all families. Total num- ber. COUNTY AND TOWN. Num- ber. White. Free col- ored.' Num- ber. White. Free col- ored.' Slaveholding. Nonslave- holding. Average number Num- ber of fami- lies. Number of members. Num- ber of fami- lies. Number of members. White. Free col- ored.! White. Free col- ored.i per slave- holding family. Total. Aver- age per family. Total. Aver- age per family. Delaware county— Continued. 112 112 63 61 41 45 85 56 2,388 2 1 1 2 1 1 14 8 8 7.0 8.0 S.O 110 111 62 61 39 44 85 55 2,288 110 no 59 60 35 44 85 55 2,286 661 464 295 399 131 251 559 340 12,354 6.0 4.2 5.0 6.7 3.7 5.7 6.6 6.2 5.4 ...... 3 1 4 1.8 0.9 1.6 , 98.2 98.2 93.7 98.4 85.4 97.8 100.0 98.2 95.7 "o.'g' 4.8 1.6 9.8 2 1.0 Ridlev 1.0 4.0 Thornbury 2 1 2 ■■"2.2" 4.9 1.5 Upper Chichester 1 ID 10.0 1.0 1 100 1 100 7 630 7.0 6.3 2 1.8 4.2 0.1 282 1.0 2.8 Bullskin 138 310 258 234 196 296 253 132 289 206 70 2,528 5 17 3 2 7 20 13 6 13 14 5 17 3 2 7 20 13 6 13 14 33 113 17 14 37 139 86 35 76 80 6.6 6.6 5.7 7.0 5.3 7.0 6.6 5.8 5.8 5.7 133 299 265 232 189 276 240 126 276 192 70 2,365 133 298 255 232 188 276 240 126 276 192 70 2,357 701 1,694 1,350 1,282 1,043 1,479 1,195 674 1,425 1,082 429 13,887 5.3 5.7 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.0 5.3 5.2 5.6 6.1 5.9 '.'.'1 ...... 3.6 6.4 1.2 0.9 3.6 6.8 5.1 4.5 4.5 6.8 96.4 94.3 98.8 99.1 9.5.9 93.2 94.9 95.5 95.5 93.2 100.0 93.2 ■"6."3" "o.'s' 19 31 3 27 43 38 21 28 68 3.8 1.8 1.3 German , . . 1.5 3.9 Menallen 2.2 2.9 3.5 Union 2.2 4.9 "Wharton 163 162 1,174 7.2 1 8 6.4 W 0.3 326 2.0 Fannet 1,100 1,368 1,268 5,980 75 88 24 193 74 88 24 193 569 605 134 1,507 7.7 6.9 6.4 7.8 1 1,085 1,280 1,244 5,787 1,083 1,274 1,243 5,771 6,372 7,515 7,302 33,579 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.8 2 6 1 16 0.4 6.4 1.9 3.2 0.1 93.4 93.1 98.0 96.5 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.3 148 178 43 347 2.0 Montgomery Peters Remainder of county 2.0 1.8 Lancaster county 1.8 Bart 137 120 131 R38 113 169 90 156 539 86 30 12 270 238 54 678 213 196 126 82 267 220 194 136 255 108 207 203 352 867 1,259 5 6 37 7.4 132 120 120 538 113 169 86 143 528 85 30 12 268 237 53 641 202 177 125 82 267 217 182 132 247 100 175 257 349 860 1,220 132 120 119 537 113 168 86 143 528 85 30 12 268 236 53 638 201 177 125 82 264 216 181 132 246 100 175 257 347 859 1,220 816 629 645 2,991 662 1,084 477 870 2,830 510 196 69 1,580 1.523 282 3,375 1,292 1,073 772 367 1,592 1,245 980 805 1,499 634 1,038 1,603 2,140 4,847 7,194 6.2 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.9 6.5 5.5 6.1 5.4 6.0 6.5 5.8 5.9 6.5 5.3 5.3 6.4 6.1 6.2 4.5 6.0 5.8 5.4 6.1 6.1 6.3 5.9 6.2 6.2 5.6 5.9 3.6 96.4 100.0 90.8 99.8 100.0 99.4 95.6 91.7 98.0 98.8 100.0 100.0 99.3 99.2 98.1 94.1 94.4 90.3 99.2 100.0 98.9 98.2 93.3 97.1 96.5 92.6 84.5 97.7 98.6 99.1 96.9 5 1.0 Caernarvon 11 11 56 5.i 1 1 8.4 0.8 0.2 29 2 6 1 0.6 Donegal 4 13 11 1 4 13 11 1 36 102 63 35 9.0 7.8 5.7 35.0 4.4 8.3 2.0 L2 10 34 20 <1 2 5 Drumore. . 2 6 Earl Elizabeth town Heidelberg Hempfleld 2 1 1 37 U 19 1 2 1 1 37 11 19 1 14 10 13 294 82 144 7 7.0 10.0 13.0 7.9 7.5 7.6 7.0 ...... 3 1 0.7 0.4 1.9 5.5 5.2 9.7 0.8 "d'A' 0.4 0.5 4 1 1 57 18 42 1 2 Lancaster borough. .. 1 5 Little Britain 2 Manheim. , . 1.0 Manheim town Manor 3 1 ,1 ...... ■"■2" 1 1.1 0.5 0.5 "6.' 4' "6.' 6' 0.1 Martick . . . . 3 12 4 8 8 32 6 3 7 39 3 12 4 8 8 32 6 3 7 39 23 111 33 70 60 233 64 20 31 264 7.7 9.3 8.3 8.8 7.5 7.3 10.7 6.7 4.4 6.8 1.4 6.2 2.9 3.1 7.4 15.5 2.3 0.9 0.8 3.1 9 23 7 U 11 46 6 11 11 59 3.0 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.0 3.7 1.6 1.5 Sadsbury. Strasburg . Luzerne county 3, . Mifflin county.. . ... That portion south o( the river Juniata. . . . 360 899 8 31 8 31 51 213 6.4 6.9 352 868 352 868 2,132 5,062 6.1 5.8 2.2 3.4 97.8 96.6 9 50 1.1 1.8 Remainder of county 1 Includes families of Indians taxed. s Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. a Not returned by townships. * In an institution. GENERAL TABLES. 287 "^'"Q^r .\^t"^m mvw^'^„^f,.r.'^"^^'^-^ REPORTED AT THE FIRST CI-XSUS, CLASSIFIED AS SLAVEHOLDING AND NON- SLAV ^HOLDING, W UI TL, AND FREE COLORED, TOGETHER WITH THE TOTAL AXD AVERAGE NUMBER OF SLAVES BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790-Conti.nu.,l. .i=..-NUMUfc.KO|. hLAVM. PENNSYLVANIA— Continued. COUNTY AND TOWN. Uontgomery county . Abington Cheltenbatn Manor ot Morcland . . . Springfleld Remainder of county . Northampton county. Allen Bethlehem Chestnut Hill Coslkton District . Delaware Easton town . Forks Hamilton Heidelberg . . . Lehigh Lower Mount Bethel . Lower Saucon Lower Smlthileld LowhiU Lynn Maounge.. More Nasareth.. Penn Plainfleld. Salisbury Towamenslnk Upper MUford Upper Mount Bethel. Upper Saucon Upper Smithfleld. Wallon I'apack WoIsorouRh South wark Phlladelnhia city: Northern district (be- tween Vine and Race streets from the Del- aware to the Schuyl- kiU) Middle district (from | the north side of I Chestnut street to the 1 south side of Race j street from the Dela- i ware to the Schuyl- i kill) 2,095 872 72 16 48 220 18 34 Slavcholdlng. White Num- ber of fami- lies. 72 48 216 18 Number of members. Free col- ored.' Total. 458 361 97 24 352 1,542 16 18 14 7 29 le 13 48 195 63 lU 34 267 Aver- age per family. 6.4 8.0 7.0 6.7 11.0 6.2 2.0 5.0 6.0 9.0 8.0 3.0 4.0 7.3 7.1 5.3 9.0 7.0 2.3 7.3 6.1 &5 6.9 &3 7.0 5.0 7.4 6.3 Num- ber. 3,731 Noiulaveholding. WhlU. Per rent lunlUe* ot each < lui form of all lamlllta. 161 99 214 88 3,169 4,075 j 241 155 107 56< 77 129 115 95 166 106 148 179 231 75 160 170 73 202 167 144 62 30 101 303 132 2,896 9,284 144 123 93 552 103 213 63 252 2,137 1C6 133 9«9 854 N'lim- li.rof fi Mi- nes. 3,696 160 95 210 87 3,144 4,059 241 155 107 55 77 127 lis 96 166 106 148 175 224 75 160 209 209 127 127 150 149 110 110 146 146 170 73 202 167 144 62 30 101 203 131 2,897 9,082 143 120 92 649 97 209 60 250 2,106 105 133 945 843 Numlwr of membera. Total. 21,912 850 559 1,140 438 18,925 23,023 Aver- age per funlly. 1,451 729 709 326 415 661 733 594 962 026 979 1,346 418 1,016 1,252 752 735 60S 1,009 386 1,149 1,030 851 347 169 625 1,253 720 16,315 49,822 841 683 553 2,732 452 1,099 340 1,290 9,430 873 770 6,335 3,712 1 Includes families of Indians taxed. 7.9 2.061 1 2,011 12,814 • Not retumi'd by townshlpa. 5.3 5.9 5.4 5.0 6.0 6.0 4.7 6.6 5.9 5.4 S.2 0.4 &3 H.S 5.9 6u0 5.6 6.0 5.6 6.0 6.0 5.9 4.9 5.6 &I 5.9 5.3 5.7 6l2 5.9 5.6 5.6 6.2 6.2 5.5 SUvehoMInc Free eo|. ond.i 35 While, col- WhIU. , col 5.3 5.7 5.8 5.6 I I I, 16 5.5 202 5.9 1 5.7 2 6.0 1 5.0 ' 3 4.7 e 5.2 3 4.5 SI 5.3 I 34 6.4 U l.« L3 4.S 1.8 a« as 8.7 a9 a? ■i.'7 as as 1.S 1.6 3.3 2.0 1. 6 3.1 as 3.7 &6 3.1 2.7 1.4 S.1 a7 1.4 3.1 LS ored.i (•) (•) ai NomlaT*- boldliic. Free Total Dum- ber. A rent* Dumbtr pef»laT»> holdtnc family. 'orad.>, 113 9K.2 94.1 •3.8 ; 98.9 I 97.4 4.0 1.1 'I. as I 99.3 a4 I 100.0 99.4 100.0 9a2 loao; 918 1 1.5 I 99. 1 '' 100.0 loao loao 2.2 i 3.0 99.3 97.8 95.3 loao loao 99.5 loa 99 :t 0. 7 loao loao 100. ic luu. u 9R.4 inn n 1(. Ic ■ W. ^ u. 98.3 I <•) I 9S.6 Zl S7 373 as 5.6 ! 9ae 96.8 96.8 98.9 9a7 91.7 90.3 96.5 as 97.1 1.4 94.3 00 a7 ! 4 1.6 3 1. 1 I 6 6 7 •1.8 •ao "ii" •as 1.4 •ao L4 27 > Lm* tban onv^antta of I prropni. 2.1 288 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table H4.-NUMBER OF FAMILIES EEPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, CLASSIFIED AS SLA,VEHOLDING AND NON- SLAVEHOLDING, WHITE, AND FREE COLORED, TOGETHER WITH THE TOTAL AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF SLAVES, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790— Continued. PENNSYLVANIA— Continued. FAMILIES. SLAVES. Total num- ber. 1,494 3,944 2,813 Slaveholding. Nonslaveholding. .Per cent families of each class form of all families. Total num- ber. COUNTY AND TOWN. Num- ber. White. Num- ber. White Free col- ored.! Slaveholding. Nonslave- holding. Average number Num- ber of fami- lies. Number of members. Free col- ored.i Num- ber of fami- lies. Number of members. White. Free col- ored. 1 White. Free col- ored.! perslave- 1 olding family. Total. Aver- age per family. Total. Aver- age per family. Philadelphia county— Cont'd. Philadelphia city—Cont'd. Southern district (from the south side of Chestnut street to the north si^5ter. 1 9 3 9 10 2 3 3 15 20 107 3 9 10 2 3 3 15 20 107 18 46 59 13 30 23 109 HS 717 6.0 5.1 5.9 6.5 10.0 7.7 7.3 7.4 6.7 1 1 1.4 5.1 4 5 0.1 4 25 15 8 3 10 30 38 245 Readint; •5 8 Shrewsbury 1.5 4.0 1.0 3.3 3.0 1.9 2.3 0.8 1 1 2 Windsor York 1.2 3.9 2.4 6.5 York borough .... HuntinEton, Manallon, Manheiin, and Tyrone . . . Berwick, Cumberland, Franklin, Germany, Hamiltonban, Heide"!- berK, Mount Pleasant. Mountjoy, and Straban... MARYLAND. The state 33,294 12,226 12,142 71,168 5.9 84 21,008 19,870 109,577 5.5 1,198 30.5 0.3 59.7 3.6 '103,036 7.S Allegany county 5 258 10, 130 5,877 Ann- Arundel county 2,122 3,497 1,096 1.039 1,084 1.029 5,672 6,553 5.3 6.4 12 1,026 2,468 962 2,400 4,910 13,595 5.1 5.7 64 68 51.1 29.4 0.6 45.3 68.6 3.0 1.9 9.2 5.7 Back River hundred 287 241 255 2,714 1,727 135 83 78 733 389 135 83 78 733 388 859 535 480 4,679 2,601 6 4 6.4 6,2 6.4 6.7 1 152 158 177 1,981 1,338 140 157 177 1,926 1,293 682 975 1.099 10, 839 6,704 4.9 6.2 6.2 5.6 5.2 13 1 45 47.0 34.4 30.6 27.0 23.5 0.1 48.8 65.1 09.4 71.0 74.9 4.2 0.4 ■ "2.0" 2.6 1,052 358 410 4,057 1,255 4.305 7.8 4. J 5.3 5.5 3.2 Two Deleware hundreds ... County not separated Baltimore town and precincts.. Calvert county 5 1 Includes families of Indians taxed. 2 Not returned by townships. 3 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. * Includes 11,633 slaves not distributed in fainiiies. * Schedules destroyed, therefore no detail can be given. GENERAL TABLES. 289 DISTRICT, COUNTY, AND TOWN. Caroline county. Cecil county Back Creek hundred Bohemia hundred Bohemia Manor hundred. Charles town East Nottingham Elk Neck hundred Middle Xec k hundred North Mllfor.l hundred.... North Sassafras hundred . . . North Susquehannah hun- dred Octoraro hundred South Milford hundred South Susquehannah hun- dred West Nottingham hun- dred West Sassafras hundred Charles county Dorchester county. Frederick county.. Harford county .'. . . Kent county Montgomeiy county . . . Prince (ieorjjes county. Queen Anns county St. Marys county Somerset t county • . . Talbot county Washington county. Worcester county . . . Total num- ber. 1,906 109 123 103 58 141 167 20 300 59 191 100 149 133 2,029 G54 4,377 2,039 1,299 2,077 1,820 1.579 1,527 1,425 2,445 1,419 -M A R YLAND-Contlnued. Num- ber. 539 37 84 51 10 21 45 10 76 27 43 26 14 26 19 50 1,221 296 678 586 781 933 9T8 828 892 Slaveholdlng. 651 2b9 642 White. Num- l>or of fami- lies. 417 538 Number of members. Total. 2,424 3.337 Aver- age per family. 6.8 6.2 37 84 51 10 21 45 10 75 27 43 26 14 26 19 SO 1,218 293 677 586 747 933 977 819 890 635 209 642 242 458 315 47 166 283 62 505 145 299 154 99 162 128 272 6,636 1,688 4,572 3,645 4,149 5.3S4 5.364 4.875 4,939 3,887 1,784 3,658 6.5 5 5 6.2 4.7 7.9 6.3 6 2 6.7 5.4 7.0 S.9 7.1 6.2 0.7 5.4 5.4 6.8 6.8 6.2 6.6 6.8 5.5 6.0 5.5 6.1 6.6 5.7 Free col- ored.! 34 16 Num- ber. B34 1,367 52 48 120 122 10 224 32 111 165 86 123 114 49 808 358 3,699 1,453 518 1,144 842 751 635 NooalavebokUiig. White. Num- ber of faml- Ues. 861 1.175 774 2,176 777 65 35 49 42 114 114 8 212 30 104 45 85 116 110 46 680 334 3.681 1,312 432 1,111 833 651 597 2,165 757 Number of menbefB. ToUL 4,613 6,449 A»«r- 6.4 6.6 377 188 264 186 609 37 1,096 154 594 243 483 6S2 221 3,505 1,559 22.331 7,139 2,156 6,194 4,608 3,26« 3,246 3,303 12,031 3,966 6.8 5.4 5.4 4.4 6.0 5.3 4.6 6.2 6.1 5.7 5.4 5.7 6.4 6.2 4.8 5.2 4.7 6 1 6.4 6.0 5 6 6 5 5.0 5.4 6.3 5.6 6.2 Free col- ond.i| 73 192 120 1 4 8 128 24 18 141 86 33 9 100 148 11 20 Par ocnt bmllla of tmch eitm form ot all lamUlM. 81aT«holdln(. White. 28.2 33.9 68.3 49.6 17.2 14.9 269 50.0 25.0 45.8 27.9 13.6 14.0 17.4 14.3 50.6 60.0 44.8 15.6 28.7 67.6 44.9 63 7 52.4 68.3 44.6 U.O 46.2 Free col- ored.' ai 0.3 0.1 0.6 2.6 0.1 0.6 0.1 Nooalare- boldlnc , Free White, col- ore«Li 61.7 61.6 6.4 10.1 Total num- ber. 2,aS7 3,4017 80. 9 I 4. 3 I 67.6 23.6 85.0 77.8 82.7 46.5 33.5 61 I 84.1 62.8 1.0 4.7 3 3.0 ICO 791 315 23 68 216 89 SI3 204 117 49 164 56 377 number prrtlav^ holdlOt lamUy. 64 3 33.3 6.0 |5.4^ 6.030 53 5 4 - 1 fi ■' ' ' 7,070 4,777 1,2M 3,836 43.9 88.6 63.3 10.4 4 1.4 NORTH CAROLHTA. Thestate ! 48,701 Edenton district 6,829 1,415 583 376 176 793 626 649 798 708 70S Fayette district 5,403 Bertie county Camden county Chowan, excluding Eden- ton town Edenton town Currituck county Gates county Hertford county Pasquotank county.. Perquimans county.. Tyrrell county Anson county Cumt)crland' county, ex- cluding Fayettevilletown. Fayt'itfviIlo"town Moore count}' R ieh mond eounty Robeson county Sampson county 1,066 280 639 829 866 934 Hallfa.x district 7,033 14,973 14,945 [87,121 2,917 2,915 15,920 607 201 205 108 267 344 359 299 322 215 1,229 Kdgecombe county Franklin county Halifa.Y eounty, including Halifax town Martin county Nash county Northampton county Warren county 1 Includes families of Indians taxed. > Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 1,259 491 802 388 1,417 734 794 277 862 328 1,109 583 800 459 313 110 88 142 163 239 3,260 606 201 205 108 256 344 359 299 322 215 .225 313 110 88 141 160 239 3.249 491 731 277 328 576 458 3.447 1,128 1,000 433 1,479 1,887 1,910 1,622 1,787 1,233 7,053 1,066 1,811 490 525 848 961 1,352 19,015 2,900 2,430 5.8! 28 'I 33,728 33.076 1178,077 6.6 4,259 1,607 2.0a3 2,979 2,747 6.7 6.6 4.9 4.0 6.8 6.5 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.1 5.8 4.6 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.7 5.9 6.3 6.8 5.8 6.4 5.2 6.0 3,912 :{ 3,783 I 17,666 171 68 636 282 290 499 386 490 782 377 171 68 616 268 269 481 381 490 4.074 615 606 753 760 170 161 551 650 687 679 703 660 695 666 3,773 1 3, COS 708 < 414 {' 683 |l 617 I 624 ' 626' 341 11 757 409 630 603 510 464 .135 3,486 1,88* 760 130 2,663 1,193 1,259 2.165 1,733 2,398 20,940 6.4 I 662 4.6 6.0 4.4 2.2 6.1 4.5 4.9 4.6 4.6 4.9 3,196 j 3,6«« I 497 j 2,961 3.670 3,555 3,492 18.839 6.3 4.9 3.1 6.4 6.3 6.4 6.2 4,128 2,334 2,912 2,376 3.096 2,141 1,852 6.6 6.7 4.6 4.7 6.1 4.6 6.6 3a7 at 42 7 (•) 42.8 34.6 64. 6 61.4 32.3 56.0 55.3 37.6 45.6 3a6 22.7 22.1 29.4 39.3 13.8 17.0 18.5 26.6 46.2 a2 ai ai ai ai 0.3 II 6 S3 14 14 02 6 39.0 48.4 51.6 34.9 3a5 61.9 67.3 a6 ai 66.3 I 64.7 I .'..1 .•. ca.6 77.1 7a4 67.6 86.1 M.9 76.3 71.3 100.783 1.6«« 911 1.103 1 ^»3 1,156 6.673 as 3.2 a2 I 1.0 I 60 I 3.1 1.666 514 3n 683 6*8 1,177 I 51. J ' 2 3 25.629 «ai 61.0 44.6 63.4 69.9 41.8 41.9 »■' 1 i>.vn 1.8 ' 1.839 1.6 2.008 S fi 4.414 08 4,713 ■ ."ichedules destroyed. Iherelote no det»ll oin he flven. • Includes S.969 skives not distributed In famlllea. 290 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 114 -NUMBER OF FAMILIES REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, CLASSIFIED AS SLAVEHOLDING AND NON- SLAVEHOLDING, WHITE, AND FREE COLORED, TOGETHER WITH THE TOTAL AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF SLAVES, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790— Coniinued. NORTH CAROLINA— Continued. FAMILIES. 8LA.VE3. Total num- ber. Slaveholding. Nonslaveholding. Per cent families of each class form of all families. Total num- ber. DISTRICT, COUNTY, TOWN, AND Num- ber. White. Free col- ored.' Num- ber. Wllite. Free col- ored.' Slaveholding. Nonslave- holding. Average number Num- ber of fami- lies. Number of members. Num- ber of fami- lies. Number of members. White. Free col- ored.' White. Free col- ored.' perslave- Holding family. Total. Aver- age per family. Total. Aver- age per family. 3,721 84] 841 5.465 6.5 2,880 2,858 16,510 5.8 22 22.6 76.8 0.6 13,449 16.0 2,730 1,658 4,163 2,060 460 2,472 2,617 1,270 314 314 1,959 6.2 956 956 5,634 6.9 24.7 75.3 5.6 1,161 1,290 5,120 137 390 751 137 390 751 911 2,595 4,971 6.6 6.7 6.6 1,024 900 4,369 1,023 879 4,367 5,925 4,951 25, 712 5.8 5.6 5.9 1 21 2 ii.8 30.2 14.7 88. i 68.1 85.3 o.i 1.6 3.4 6.3 Morgan district 3.5 1,253 1,409 1,181 1,277 7,596 173 283 164 131 2,725 173 283 164 131 2,720 1,162 1,847 1,122 840 15,018 6.7 6.5 6.8 6.4 5.6 5 1,080 1,126 1,017 1,146 4.871 1.080 1,126 1,017 1,144 4,743 6.332 6,547 6,072 6,761 23,731 5.9 6.8 6.0 5.9 .6.0 128 13.8 20.1 13.9 10.3 35.8 0.1 86.2 79.9 86.1 89.6 62.4 "6.'2" 1.7 600 855 609 553 16,042 3.S Lincoln county 3.0 3.7 4.2 5.9 Beaufort county 780 579 1,440 913 625 776 583 1,095 805 9,977 1,095 768 1,742 701 840 2,429 1,329 1,073 3,022 290 155 576 336 247 249 217 401 254 2,023 179 232 423 180 212 432 202 163 1,227 289 155 572 336 247 249 217 401 254 2.023 179 232 423 ISO 212 432 202 163 1.221 1,470 870 2,836 1,895 1,306 1.460 1,279 2,316 1,586 13,021 1,175 1.478 2,591 1,234 1,405 2,700 1,311 1,127 6,652 5.1 5.6 5.0 6.6 6.3 5.9 5.9 5.8 6.2 6.4 1 4 490 424 864 677 378 527 366 694 551 7.954 469 404 806 574 372 522 358 693 545 7,878 2,187 2,062 3.638 3,001 1,718 2,815 1,792 3,565 2,953 45,507 4.7 5.1 4.5 5.2 4.6 5.4 5.0 3.1 6.4 S.8 21 20 58 3 6 5 8 1 6 76 37.0 26.8 39.8 36.9 39.5 32.1 37.2 36.6 31.6 20.3 0.1 0.3 60.1 69.8 56.0 62.9 59.5 67.3 61.4 63.3 67.7 79.0 2.7 3.5 4.0 0.3 1.0 0.6 1.4 0.1 0.7 0.8 1,622 709 3,663 2,012 1,143 1.328 1,655 2,364 1,546 8,253 5.6 4.& Craven county, including 6.4 6.0 Hyde county 4.6 5.3 Jones county 7.6 6.9 Wayne county 6.1 4.1 6.6 6.4 6.1 6.9 6.6 6.3 6.5 7.0 5.4 6 916 536 1,319 521 628 1,997 1,127 910 1,795 913 636 1,253 518 628 1,995 1.125 910 1,765 5,480 3,081 7,100 2,968 3,683 11,429 6,421 5,355 9,172 6.0 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.9 6.7 5.7 5.9 5.2 3 '"m 3 2 2 30 16.3 30.2 24.3 25.7 25.2 17.8 15.2 15.2 40.4 0.2 83.4 69.8 71.9 73.9 74.8 82.1 84.7 84.8 58.4 0.3 "i'.s 0.4 0.1 0.2 1.0 616 868 1,608 837 1,113 1,741 778 692 10,067 3.4 3.7 Mecklenburg county Montgomery county Rockingham county Rowan county, including Salisbury town 3.8 4.7 5.3 4.0 Stokes county 3.9 4.2 Wilmington district 8.2 Bladen county 634 318 723 626 721 237 116 255 341 278 237 U6 265 337 276 1,291 592 1,631 1,685 1.453 6.4 5.1 6.4 5.0 5.3 4 2 397 202 468 285 443 388 202 468 276 431 2,065 975 2,646 1.348 2,138 5.3 4.8 5.7 4.9 5.0 9 9 12 37.4 36.5 35.3 53.8 38.3 0.6 0.3 61.2 63.5 64.7 44.1 59.8 1.4 1.4 1.7 1,686 1,511 1,386 3,737 1,747 7.1 13.0 5.4 New Ilanovor county, in- cluding Wilmington town. 11.0 SOUTH CAROLINA. The state 25,872 8,859 8,798 48,097 5.5 61 17,013 16,754 92,310 5.5 259 34.0 0.2 64.8 1.0 107,094 15. 1 Beaufort district 962 5,074 578 1,369 570 1,367 2,746 8,283 4.8 6.1 2 2 384 3,705 364 3,083 1,584 21,101 4.4 5.7 20 22 59.9 26.9. 0.2 37.8 72.6 2.1 0.4 14,236 8,865 24 6 Chester county. 1,041 400 330 1,048 861 480 914 3,709 230 170 79 254 222 187 227 2,538 230 170 79 254 221 186 227 2,487 1,447 1,129 484 1,520 1,282 945 1,476 10,959 6.3 6.6 6.1 6.0 5.8 5.1 6.5 4.4 ...... 1 51 811 230 251 794 639 293 687 1,171 810 230 251 794 632 279 687 1,054 4,463 1,362 1,398 4,498 3,685 1,537 4,158 4,249 5.5 5.9 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.5 6.1 4.0 1 •■-j- 14 117 22.1 42.5 23.9 24.2 25.8 38.8 24.8 67.1 "o.i' 0.2 1.4 77.8 57.5 76.1 75.8 73.4 58.1 75.2 28.4 0.1 ■■6.-8- 2.9 3.2 938 2,110 602 1,485 1,370 1,437 923 50,633 4 1 Clareniion county 7 6 Fairfield county.. 5 8 Richland county 7 7 York coimty 41 20.0 Charleston district Berkley county . 186 187 236 144 112 503 112 119 123 176 140 114 106 277 93 83 119 176 140 113 106 270 92 81 495 503 746 474 351 1, 1.57 347 337 4.2 3.2 5.3 4.2 3.3 4.3 3.8 4.2 4 ...... ...... 1 2 63 11 96 30 6 226 19 36 48 10 95 29 6 198 19 30 196 21 506 95 19 976 92 100 4.1 2.1 5.3 3.3 3.2 4.9 4.8 3.3 15 1 1 1 "is ...... 64.0 94.1 59.3 78.5 94.6 53.7 82.1 68.1 2.2 "a'?' "i.'4' 0.9 1.7 25.8 5.3 40.3 20.1 5.4 39.4 17.0 25.2 8.1 0.5 0.4 0.7 "5.6 "5.0' 5,170 4,705 3,022 2,377 2,546 10,338 2,333 3,345 41.2 36.7 21.6 20.9 24.0 37.4 25.1 40.3 Dorchester county Christ Church parish St. Bartholomes parish St. James Goose Creek parish St. James Santee parish ' Includes families of Indians ta.\cd. ^Schedules destroyed, therefore no detail can be given. 5 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. GENERAL TABLRS. 291 Table 114.-NUMBER OF FAMILIES REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, CLASSIFIED AS SUVVEHOLDING AND NON- SLA\EU0L1)IXG, WHITE, AND FREE COLORED, TOGETHER WITUTOETOTAL AND AVERAGE NUMBER OFSLAVES BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790-CouUnueU. SOUTH CAROLilNA-Contlniwd. rAMtUBS. ■LATCa. Total num- ber. BUToboIdlng. NomUireholdlnc. Per crat tenllles o( each oUb focm of *U hiiiUk*. Toul mur bu DISTRICT, COVNTY, AND PARISH. Num- ber. 62 1,220 49 95 382 842 White. Num- ber. White. Frae col- orad.i Slavoholdlnf. NofUlttTf^ hotdlnf. AlWM» Num- ber of fiunl- Ues. Number of mem ben. Frw col- ond.i Num- ber of faml- Number of memben. White. Fl«. col- ond.i While. col- «nd.> _^„-j . Aver- Total. { age per family. Total. Aver- famUy. Charleston district— Cont'd. St. Pauls parish 65 1,866 57 122 1,344 1,837 61 1,185 49 95 382 842 207 5,763 198 321 2,284 4.224 Z.* 4.9 4.0 3.4 6.0 5.0 1 35 3 646 8 27 962 995 3 681 8 1 " 952 976 9 2,132 27 76 5,192 4,801 3.0 8.7 3.4 2.8 6.6 4.9 86 10 19 918 63.6 86.0 77.9 2&4 48.5 L5 1.9 4.6 31.1 14.0 32.1 n.» 63.1 3.5 a7 1.0 3.202 7.684 2.606 3.4(16 3,229 , 13, 131 6L6 6.3 St. Phillips and St. Mich- aels parish St. Stephens parish St. Thomas parish 61.1 36.S Cheraw district 8.6 Georgeto^vn district 16.6 All Saints parish Prince Fredericks parish.... Prince Georges parish Ninety-six district 95 718 1,024 10, .578 64 380 398 2.41S 64 380 398 2,418 28S 1,900 2,035 15,470 4.5 5.0 5.1 6.4 31 338 626 8,160 30 333 613 8,112 136 I,.5I2 3,153 46,869 4.6 4.6 6.1 6.8 1 6 13 48 07.4 62.9 38.9 22.9 31.6 40.4 69.9 76.7 1.1 a7 1.3 a6 1.795 4.685 6,661 i 11.068 3a.o 12.3 18.7 4.8 .Vbbevillc county Edgefield county 1,338 1,751 %4 1,394 1,377 1,433 1,264 1,057 2,368 331 599 162 300 302 251 242 231 732 331 599 162 300 302 251 242 231 726 2.040 3.627 1.090 1,988 1.874 1,687 1,643 1,520 4,131 6.2 6.1 6.7 6.6 6.2 6.7 6.8 6.6 6.7 6 1 1,007 1,152 802 1,094 1,075 1,182 1,022 826 1,636 998 1,123 801 1,090 1,073 1,183 1,019 826 1,613 6.428 5,962 4.808 6,221 6,283 7,074 6.159 4,934 8,614 6.4 6.3 S.0 6.7 6.9 6.0 6.0 &0 6.3 9 29 1 4 2 ""i 23 24.7 34.2 16.8 21.6 21.9 17.6 19.1 21.9 ia7 a3 74. • 64.1 83 1 78.2 77.9 82.6 80.6 78.1 68.1 0.7 1.7 0.1 as ai "a 2' 1.0 1.666 1 3,619 606 1,130 t 1.144 8S4 1 (86 1 1.216 1 s,«n 6.0 6.0 Greenville county 3.7 Laurens county Newberry county 3.7 IS 3.3 Spartanburgh county Union county Orangeburgh diitrict S.0 6.3 &1 1,290 1,078 473 259 473 253 2,560 1,571 6.4 6.2 ■■■«■ 817 819 817 796 4,161 4.353 6.1 6.6 "23' 36.7 23.6 a6 63.3 73.8 "ii" i 4,629 1.402 li South part 6.4 > Includes families of Indians taxed. 292 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GRO^VTH. Table 115 -SLAYEHOLDING FAMILIES, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF SLAVES HELD, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790. NEW HAMPSHIRE. RHODE ISLAND. Total number of slave- holding families. NDMBER OF FAMILIES HOLDING— COUNTT AND TOWN. Total number of slave- holding families. NtTMBEK or FAMILIES HOLDING— COUNTY A\D TOWX. 1 slave. 2to4 slaves. 5 to 9 slaves. 1 slave. 2 to 4 slaves. 5 to 9 slaves. The state 123 97 24 2 Rockingham county— Continued. 2 5 1 2 21 3 18 2 5 2" 1 1 1 5 2 5 1 1 1 5 2 1 17 1 ! i- 1 ' 1 13 16 14 2 Epping Charlestown I 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 13 1 9 Greenland Hampstead Cornish Hinsdale 2 Hampton Hawke Londonderry New Grantham London Newlngton 4' ......v. Newtown Northwood Nottingham 2 Pem brook 1 4 Poplin Portsmouth Rye Salem Stratham Windham Strafford county Grafton county 4 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 76 61 1 Hanover i 1 3 2 Haverhill Bamstead Dover Durham Effingham \ \ 1 5 i' 1 1 1 2 1 ' n^nM 1 1 1 2 1 15 ) ! 1 1 4 1 1 Tamworth \" ' 461 255 160 146 Newport county — Continued. Tiverton 13 54 6 36 7 17 53 30 18 5 1 8 34 H 32 5 20 5 21 3 10 5 7 4 1 4 7 3 1 3 4 29 3 4 142 4 2 1 3 3 19 1 3 74 3 1 Foster 1 9 2 1 46 4 8 16 4 180 3 5 11 2 94 1 3 2 1 72 1 3 1 114 Smithlield West Greenwich Washington county 22 Charlestown Exeter 4 24 6 42 2 60 4 1 18 5 20 2 25 3 2 5 1 17 8 12 8 20 109 10 4 5 3 11 69 6 4 7 5 5 41 3 1 llopkinton North Kingstown MiddletoviTi 5 4 19 1 Richmond South Kingstown Westerly Newport 21 14 1 1 Includes 1 family holding 13 slaves. CONNECTICUT. COXTNTY AND TOWN. The state... Fairfield county . Brookfield... Danbury Fairfield Greenwich... Huntington.. New Fairfield Newtown Norwalk Stamford Reading Rldgeficld Total number of slave- holding families. 1,563 NT7MBER OF FAMHIES HOLDING — 1 slave. 2to4 slaves. 5 to 9 slaves. 10 to 19 slaves. 9S0 299 505 66 112 150 20 1 1 14 50 35 40 9 33 37 15 5 1 4 37 12 23 9 2 4 13 27 4 1 2 1 1 COUNTY AND TOWN. Fairfield county— Continued. Stratford Weston Hartford county . Berlin Bristol East Hartford. East Windsor.. Enfield Farmlngton . . . Glastenbury... Hartford Simsbury 1 Includes 1 family holding 28 slaves. Total number of slave- holding families. NUMBER OP FAMILIES HOLDING — 1 slave. 101 2 to 4 slaves. 5 to 9 slaves. 10 10 to 19 slaves. GENERAL TABLES. 293 T.B.. 115.-SLAVEH0LDING FAMILIES CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF SLAVES IIKI.D HV rr.rVTT-. . . v^ MINOR nvi I, DIVISIONS: 1790-Contin.ie.l. ,_ CONNECTICUT— ContlniMd. COUNTY AND TOWN. Total numlM-r o( slavo- holding families. Hartford county— Continued. Soiilhington Sufliold Wcthorsllcld Windsor Litchfield county Bcthlem , Cornwall Harwinton , Kent Lltchndd New Mil ford Southbury Warren WashinRton WatertowQ Woodbury Middlesex county Chatham East IlaUdam Haddam Killln^'orth MIddlctown Saybrook New Ilaven county Rranford Cheshire Derby Durham East Ilavtn • Guilford Hamden g 14 37 9 lis 12 10 3 5 60 24 241 29 9 23 7 20 23 4 NTTMBER or rAWUU UOLDIKO— 1 slave. 2to4 slaves. 4 to 9 slaves. 10 to 19 slaves. 8 1 4 13 2 41 8 3 '•1 1 6 70 3 4 9 3 2 1 21 « 2 1 1 2 2 38 1 3 1A S 1 1 2 1 5 4 1 7 2 1 7 71 4 1 9 3 3 6 1 3 2 3 20 9 73 36 15 3 1 ISl 13 4 19 10 3 8 2 7 2 A 11 1 1 4 1 3 11 21 1 4 rOlTJTy AND TOWN. Total numU-r I ximBEK or rAMiuu iiolduo— New Uavcn county— Contlourd. Mlllord New Haven city North ilavro Wallincford '.'. Wat*Tl)ury WooilbrldKO \ New liOndon county ' Tolland county Dollon Coventry . . Ellington.. Hebron Soraers StafTord Tolland I'nion WllllnKton. Windham county. \shford Drooklyno.. Canterbury. Hampton. .. Kllllncley... Lebanon Mansfleld... rialnDtld... Pomfn-t Thom|>son.. Voluntown., Windham... Woodstock.. 4^ 4S 4 IP 4 » 329 as 2 4 ■lave. K 27 I 9 \ 27 I 3 3 3 II 3 3 < 2to4 slavoB. Sla9 10 to 19 slavfs. ilavM. ' Not returned by towns. Includes 1 family holdlnic 28 slaves. NEW YORK. COUNTY AND TOWN. The State Albany county Albany city First ward Second ward Third ward Ballstown Cambridge CatskiU Coxsackie Duanesburgh Easton Freehold Halfmoon Iloosick Pittstown Uensselacrvillo Rensselaerwtck Saratoga Schaghticoko Schenecta-iv Schenecta.ly (south of the Mohawk) Schoharie Stephcntown Stillwater Walervlict Island in the river not included in any town. . Clinton coimty Champlain PlaH-sburph Wellsburgh Columbia county Canaan Claverack 76292—09— Total number of slave- holding fam- Uies. 1,474 332 140 88 104 35 23 143 5 12 5 55 17 15 11 171 19 47 27 141 55 10 27 236 1 6 2 3 1 528 23 109 KUMDEK or PAMIUES HOLDINO — 1 slave. 3,088 422 2 to 4 slaves. 5 to 9 slaves. 2,867 1,165 428 2 {I 218 I IS 33 1 202 197 10 to to 20 to 49 slaves, slaves. 181 23 33 Cn- known slaves. 404 57 COUNTY AND TiiWN. Total I number of , sliive. inniBni or rAuiur-i iiouiinu- Columbla county— Cont'd Clermont fiermontown Hlllsilale Hudson Klnderhook Livingston Dutchess county Amenta Beokman Clinton FlshklU Fre PENNSYLVANIA-Contlnued. 1 Total numbei . of 1 siavo- holdini fam- Uies. mmBEB or rAinuES holdiho— COtniTT A.M. T..W ■,. 1 1 ■ lin.-' Ules. ■n MTiBiB or raMoiu holmn COUNTY AND TOWN. 1 slave. 2 to 4 slaves 5to9 . slaves 1 1 10tol9'20to49 .£"• . slaves, slaves. '^^ 1 wave. ..;.:. -,' Uo. "known Harrlshurch town L**bauon town 12 1 79 Z4 6 ""43 lA 31 5 1 28 6 7 1 6 2 2 2 Northampton county— Con. Fork? Lower Mount llelbeL.. Ix>wer Smilhfleld Macun^> Towami'nslnk Upper Mount Bethel 48 •_;;. Remainder of county... 3 1 1 1 1 32 3 Delaware county Bethel Binn Ingham Concord Darby 1 4 1 2 1 4 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 100 1 4 2 i f.'ppcr .--'milhfleld Northumberland county i. . II S Haverford Middletown Newtown Radnor Ridley i' 1 1 2 1 i' 1 1 41 3 1 1 ::.:■; Blarkley BrUtol BylxTT)- G^ermontown town 4 3 3 3 4 IS 2 7 32 » 1 U 18 34 72 123 S3 4 1 3 3 1 2 1 3 8 5 3 4 4 Sprlngncld Tlnicura Upper Chichester Upper Providence 1 1 Lower Dublin Manor of M'>rrlunh., Washington county 1 Westmoreland county A miittrong German Luzerne 3 2 3 2 1 1 15 Menallen SnrinKhill 1 Union Washington 1 1 Franklin county 75 8S 24 193 46 49 14 107 21 32 8 79 8 7 2 7 Hamilton 1-etterkenjiey Montgomery Peters Remainder of county Huntingdon county 1 Lancaster county 13 11 3 Bart 5 11 4 13 11 1 2 1 1 37 11 19 1 3 12 « 8 8 32 6 3 7 39 8 31 72 5 3 1 3 6 1 i' 1 23 6 8 1 1 4 1 5 5 24 6 4 25 4 2 9 5 2 1 1 Donegal 3 4 3 4 S 5 16 2 7 a 1 224 3 3 1 3 4 3 6 s' 1 1 133 1 1 1 3 i' S 3 4 Dnimore Pprry Earl Fairfleld i Elizabeth Hemftneld 2 1 3 6 I^ampeter North Huntingdon Lancaster Lancaster borough 14 5 10 Salem South lIuntlngdoD Unity Little Britain 1 3 Martick 1 8 3 3 3 8 1 York c^ii^'y 71 3> 1 May town 1 ' Chanwford Rapho 12 S 14 2 « 7 6 3 9 10 2 3 3 15 30 8 3 7 4' S 3 3 i « 1 3 1 10 11 S5 3 3 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 4 3 Codorus Fawn Hellam... Hopewell SaMsburv « 1 Wanvlck 2 3 10 1 8 i 2 2 rarirouKh n«tr il Bit Fr II d>- Uouut I'liuijut, and Stnboo — 1 2 2 10 S8 16 2 4 41 12 2 1 6 14 3 14 1 Remainder of county Northampton county 3 I 1 '•***** 1 i 1 5 1 1 1 II ■ Not rctuiDcd by townships. 296 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 115.-SLAVEH0LDING FAMILIES, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF SLAVES HELD, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790— Continued. MARYLAND. Total number of slave- holding families. NUMBER OF FAMILIES HOLDING— COUNTY, TOWN, AND HUNDRED. 1 slave. 2to4 slaves. 5 to 9 slaves. 10 to 19 slaves. 20 to 49 slaves. 50 to 99 slaves. 100 to 199 slaves. 200 to 299 slaves. 300 slaves and over. Un- known slaves. The State 12,226 2,841 3,617 2,807 1,796 713 96 16 3 1 336 1,096 1,029 146 304 216 305 221 232 158 126 86 39 13 3 4 1 i 251 Baltimore county 19 135 83 78 733 389 29 25 14 236 154 37 34 36 198 178 34 16 15 167 51 27 11 81 5 8 1 2 28 1 3 1 19 418 639 126 146 149 172 87 132 43 57 12 29 1 3 Cecil county 37 84 51 10 21 46 10 76 27 43 26 14 26 19 50 1,221 296 678 586 781 933 978 828 892 9 16 8 5 9 17 1 24 8 14 7 7 6 7 8 247 72 214 148 142 203 156 •180 199 13 19 18 4 9 13 3 32 4 10 8 3 13 8 15 317 99 234 194 219 257 265 230 265 13 23 14 1 3 11 6 12 8 12 7 3 2 3 16 295 58 129 150 192 277 208 209 204 2 16 9 8 2 2 3 1 1 2 3 6 6 4 1 4 1 3 1 8 243 43 73 71 125 169 197 140 149 2 4 107 24 26 20 38 35 122 58 CI 1 . 11 1 1 3 1 2 24 9 12 1 64 4 2 1 2 1 661 269 642 181 90 133 195 98 224 136 55 171 97 20 90 29 4 22 9 2 2 2 2 1 Schedules destroyed. NORTH CAROLINA. Total number of slave- holding families. NUMBER OF FAMIUES HOLDING— DISTRICT, COUNTY, AND TOVTO. 1 slave. 2 to 4 slaves. 6 to 9 slaves. 10 to 19 slaves. 20 to 49 slaves. 60 to 99 slaves. 100 to 199 slaves. 200 to 299 slaves. Un- known slaves. The state 14,973 4,040 4,959 3.375 1,788 701 90 n 2 7 Edenton district 2,917 703 961 684 399 154 10 2 1 3 607 201 205 108 257 344 359 299 322 216 1,229 109 53 38 30 74 91 76 86 88 58 412 185 69 68 39 89 98 120 100 110 83 408 163 46 49 18 71 82 78 64 67 46 265 98 28 30 11 18 53 61 40 41 20 114 49 5 17 4 5 21 24 7 15 7 28 3 Camdencounty 3 1 1 1 3 Currituck county Gates county Pasquotank countv 2 1 Perquimans county Tyrrell county 1 Fayette district : 2 Anson county 174 313 110 88 142 163 239 55 92 35 28 52 72 78 49 102 42 31 61 66 77 51 74 18 19 26 26 51 16 36 11 8 11 8 24 3 8 4 2 1 1 9 Cumljorland county, excluding FayetteviUe town 1 Moore county 1 Robeson countv Sampson county GENERAL TABLES. 297 Table 116.-SLAVEII0LDING FAMILIES, CLASSIFIED ACCORDIxNG TO NUMBER OF SLAVES HELD UY fOLNTIKS AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790-Conlinued. NORTH CAROLINA— Coollnoad. DISTKK T, COUNTY, AND TOWN. Halifax district. F>(Jgecorabe county Franklin county Halifax counly, Including liallfax town . Martin counly Nash county Northampton county Warren county Hillsborough district. . Chatham county.. Randolph county. Wake county Morgan district. Rurico county Lincoln county Kutherford county. Wilkes county Newbem district. Beaiifort county Carteret county Craven counly, including Newbem town. Dobbs counly Uydc county Johnston county. Jones county Pitt county'. Wayne county... Salisbury district. Guilford county Iredell counly Mecklenburg county. Montgomery county. Rockingham county Rowan c-ounty, including Salisbury town. Stokes counly Surry county Wilmington district. niaden county Bninswick county Duplin counly New Hanover county. Including Wilmington town. Onslow counly Total number of slave- holding famillos. 3,200 491 388 734 277 328 £83 iS» 841 314 137 781 173 283 1A4 131 2,725 280 155 576 336 247 249 217 401 254 2,023 179 232 423 180 212 432 202 163 1,227 237 IIB 255 341 278 NtmDKB or FAMILISa UOLDINQ— 1 Slave. 686 84 79 105 84 77 125 234 289 67 117 63 42 79 49 161 82 70 76 56 99 75 691 69 80 145 54 48 153 86 56 268 2to4 slaves. i.ooe 186 116 178 86 117 189 130 292 106 48 138 63 »4 54 45 105 62 188 117 84 77 61 134 71 64 81 167 64 88 168 .59 60 390 81 33 84 103 89 5to9 slaves. 800 117 113 184 66 77 138 110 181 75 21 85 148 65 25 120 45 282 10 to 19 slaves. 478 78 61 124 27 42 85 71 29 14 73 35 19 36 32 59 38 136 2010 49 ' 50ta99 lOOIolM aooloS Slaves, j slaves. I slaves. slava 243 25 27 «> 14 ' M , 53 27 6 I 2 19 a 1 2 2 119 95 19 17 10 35 14 Un- known slavM. 35 1 2 16 I SOUTH CAROUNA. DISTRICT, COUNTY, AND PARISH. The state. Beaufort district. Camden district.. Chester county Ciaremont county. Clarendon covmty. Fairfield counly... Lancaster county . . Richland county.. York counly Charleston district. Berkley counly, St. Johns parish Colleton county, St. Johns parish Dorchester county, St. Georges parish. Christ Church parish Total number of slavo- holdlng families. St. Andrews parish St. Ban tiolomis parish St. James Ooose Creek parish . St. James Santec parish 8,859 578 I 230 170 TV 254 222 187 227 2.538 123 178 140 114 106 277 NtTMBKB or rAHIUES noLooo— 1 slave. 1,930 73 76 20 19 65 68 30 71 315 2to4 slaves. 2,603 Sto9 slaves. 1,853 91 471 51 39 24 65 39 33 4« 527 10 to 19 slaves. 1,201 158 20 to 49 slaves. 85S 50 to 99 slaves. 78 3 33 7 9 8 26 3 356 lie 100tal99 200tc. slaves. sla\ < 16 .lift uver. 21 I fn- knovn slaves. >' I 4 3 I 298 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH. Table 115. -SLAVEHOLDING FAMILIES, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF SLAVES HELD, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790— Continued. SOUTH CAROLINA— Continued. Total number of slave- holding families. JJDMBEK OP FAMILIES HOLDING — DISTRICT, COUNTY, AND PARISH. 1 slave. 2 to 4 slaves. 5 to 9 slaves. 10 to 19 slaves. 20 to 49 slaves. 50 to 99 slaves. 100 to 199 slaves. 200 to 299 slaves. 300 slaves and over. Dn- known slaves. Charleston district— Continued. 62 1,220 49 95 382 842 2 219 3 7 92 125 8 398 3 17 113 182 6 321 4 9 87 195 13 244 5 22 48 162 19 38 11 16 34 133 7 5 1 1 15 13 6 32 8 8 1 10 3 1 Georgetown district 2 1 64 380 398 2,418 10 43 72 794 11 71 100 890 13 89 93 494 9 98 55 177 12 68 53 59 5 10 17 3 2 1 7 1 1 1 Ninety-six district 1 331 599 162 300 302 251 242 231 732 87 148 55 129 102 101 9.5 77 182 134 199 66 107 113 106 90 75 249 72 155 30 54 62 27 45 49 162 24 68 9 8 23 15 9 21 75 13 27 2 2 2 2 2 9 49 1 2 . . 1 Orangeburgti district 11 4 ! 473 259 103 79 160 89 108 54 51 24 39 10 8 3 4 INDEX. Adults of self-supportinfr age, nitio of, to children, 103; for i)rin<;ipal countries, 104; for states and territories, 105. Africa, per cent distribution of foreifin population born in, 130; number born in. 226. Age, classification used in First Census re- turns, 93; method of obtaining propor- tions used in this report, 93; white popu- lation classified accordinc to sex and 94, 208. Apriculture, rank as an industrj-, 26; acres of improved land and value of farm prop- erty, 145. Albany, N. Y., population at the First and at the Twelfth Census, 78. Allegheny, Pa., population at the First and at the Twelfth Census, 78. Apportionment, congressional, primarj- ob- ject of census taking, 2; changes in, during the century, 92. Area, in square miles, at First Census, 17, 51; at each enumeration, 54, 145; growth in population comi)ared with, 56. Asia, foreign population bom in, 226. Atlanta, (Ja., population at the First and at the Twelfth Census, 78. Austria, date of first census in, 2; increase in population in nineteenth centurj', 85; foreign population born in, 226. See also Austria-Hungary. Austria-Hungary, ratio of adults of self-sup- porting age to children, 104; foreign population born in, per cent distribution, 130; number, 226. Su also Austria Baden, date of first census in, 2. Baltimore, Md., preconstitutional popula- tion, 11, 13; exports and imports, 30; pop- ulation at the First and at the Twelfth Census, 78; by color, 84. Bancroft, Mr., estimates of colonial popula- tion, 8; by color, 8; rule of increase of population given by (note), 10. Banks, names of those in existence in 1790, 21. Bavaria, date of the first census in, 2. Belgium, increase in population in nine- teenth century, 86; rate of increase in, ap- plied to native population in United States, 90; foreign population bom in, per cent distribution, 130: number, 226. Birth, area of, compared with area of resi- dence for native white population of native parentage, 125, 126, 127. Birth rate, changes in, 95. Bohemia, foreign population bom in, 226. Boston, Mass., preconstitutional popula- tion, 11, 13; exports and imports, 30; pop- ulation at the First and at the Twelfth (Census, 78; by color, 84. Boundaries, at First Census, 17. Bridgeport, Conn.. po[)ulation at the First and at the Twelfth Census, 78. Bridges, erection of, 21. Brituih Board of Trade, enumeration of population demanded by, 3. British race, growth of population due to, 91. Buffalo, N. Y., population at the First and at the Twelfth Census, 78. Burnett, Governor, difficulties in making colonial enumerations outlined, 3. Cambridge, Ma.-w., population at the First and at the Twelfth Census, 78. Camden, N. J., population at the First and at the Twelfth Census, 78. Canada and Newfoundland, foreign popula- tion born in, i>er cent distribution, |:10; number, 226. Capital of the I'nitwl States, provisions for making permanent, 16. Census, First. See First Census. Census act, provisions of, for taking First Census, 43. Census taking, attitude of nations toward, 1; of states, 1; in preconstitutional period, 2, 4; influence of superstitions against, 3. Censuses, colonial. See Colonial censuses. Central America. See Mexico and Central America. Charleston, S. C, population in precon- stitutional period. 11, 13; at the First and at the Twelfth Census, 78; exports and imports, 30. Chickering, Doctor, early estimates of popu- lation in Massachui*etta and Maine, 5. Children (white population under 16 years of age), method of obtaining propcirlions for Ha.'i.ai tying by age and sex, 93; number and proportion of population f.irmed by, cla-ssifieu by sex. 94. 208, 210; effect of iiii- migration on proportions. 95; average num- ber ner family, 100, 101; number per 1,(X)0 of all ages, by specified years, 103; ratio of adults of self-supporting age to, 103, 105; in principal foreign countries, 104; ratio of, to adult females, 105; changes in ratios, during eighteenth and nineteenth ceuturios, 107; ratio of, to females Hi years of age and over, 100; in New York census of 1712, 107; in the native and the foreign stock, 107; in two counties shown by nationality for the First and for the Twelfth Census, 108; in principal foreign countries, 109; number in 1790 according to 1900 proportions and in 1900 according to those of 1790, 107; conditions effecting changes in pro[>orlions, 109. China, foreign population bom in, per cent distribution, 1.30: number, 226. Cities, specified, population of. during pre- constitutional periotl, 11; at the First and at the Twelfth Census, 78; increase in pop- ulation, 79; proportion white and colored in, 84. Coins, kinds in circulation, 20. Colleges, list of, 32. Colonial censu.-pulation, 8; com- pilation of estimates of population, by decades, 9, 10. Color, population classified according to, for each census. 80, 81; by states and terri- tories, 82, 201 ; by counties. 201 ; while and negro, 83; bv nativity of parents, 86; families cla.n in preconstitu- tional period, 4, 5. 164. 165: Indiwi trilM-.., number and place of n-sideiui', ;J9; sur- names classified according to number of families rei'orded under each, 113; num- ber of members in such hou.<«-holds, 114; population cla.s-'lfieopulalion prior to Twelfth Census, 71; population as returned on schedules, 188; families classified by num- ber of members, 224. Cuba and West Indies, foreign population born in, 22(i. Currency, establishing system of, 20. Dc Bow, Mr. J. E. D., estimateii of colonial population, 8. Debt, natirmal, a factor in census taking. 4. Hcclaration of Indefwndence. signatunvi of signers, 115. Delaware, population in preconstitutional period, 4, 6; list of minor civil divisions, 74; population, computed distribution of, by nationalilv, 119, 121; by counties and minor civil divisions, 198; by color, 203; by sex and age, 214; numlM-r of slaves in, 1:12. iSV*. Dutch, piipuluiioii I lainifled an, by state*, 117; by counties, 271. Dwellings, nunilMT, in ■ • ■■■ • ,1^.1. jiliiu, 13; in .Massachii- ion in Twelfth < '■ on ba#is of .M ' -li- mai.-pu- lation, cliLssified by nationality, 116, 271; by counties and minor d by slave ownership and nation- ality, 274; and color, 276; by number of slaves held, 292. See aUo Stales and territories. New IJayen, Conn., date of incorporation, 14; estimates of dwellings and |H>pulatiun, 14; exports and iin|>orts, :10; |Hipulation at the First and at the Twelfth Census. 7S. New Jersey, population in preconstllu- tional period, 6, 184; Indian tribes, number and place of residence, 39, 40; nationality of population, in Somerwct county, 119; in ea.h county, 120; in the state, 121; number of slaves, 132; jx)pula- latlon <-la.ssified by counties and minor civil diNisions, 195; by color, 202; by sex and age, 212. See alto States and 'terri- tories. New London, Conn., estimates of popula- tion and number of dwellings, 14; exports and imports, 30. New York, population in preconstitutional period, 4, 6, 170, 181, 182, 183; Indian tribes, number and place of residence, 39, 40; ratio of children to females 10 years of age and over, 107; surnames clas- sified according to number of families re- corded under each, 113; number of mem- bers in such hou.seholds, 114; population classified by nationality, 116, 272; by coun- ties and minor civil divisions, 194; accord- ing to color, 201 ; by sex and age. 212; slaves, number of, 132; families classified bv slave ownership and nationality, 275; and color, 281 ; by number of slavesheld, 293. New York city, record of population from its founding to'l790, 11; colonial censuses, 13: exports and imports, 30; the First and the Twelfth Census, 78; proportion white and colored, 84; list of names of masters of families in 1703, 170. Newark, X. J., population at the First and at the Twelfth Census, 78. Newfoundland. See Canada and New- foundland. Newport, R. I., record of population from its founding to 1790, 11; colonial population, 14; exports and imports, :!0. Newsi)apers and jieriixlicals, rates of postage, 25; classified by period of issue, 32, ;i3; advertisements, news, etc., 33; list of, 33. ; Nomenclature, classified list of surnames, 111; list of names represented by at least 100 white persons, 227. See also Sur- \ names. ! North America, foreign population born in, 226. ' North Carolina, population in precon.Mitu- tional period, 4, 7; list of minor civil divi- sions, 76; surnames rlas-iified according to i number of families recorded under each, ' 113; number of members in such hoU!'.. ■■■' io Norway, date of fir-r incr««»c in population in nii 'ntury, 85; ; foreign population bi.ru in, 226, Norway and Sweden, i«r cut dislribulion of population born in, 130. Norwiih, i -mn , number of dwcUinf^ and estimate of (Ripulation, 14. Oceania, per cent distribution of foreign population born in, 130; number bom in, Occupations, failure u> provide fur. in Fimt Censu.M ait, 43; nunilx-r and |ht cent diit- tribution of while male- . ' In. Is50 and 1900, 143; number -t'ion of heads of famiUe* in 1'. .,.iiia and Southwark engaged in, 142, 143. Pat«rsou, N, J., population at the Firnt and at the Twelfth Census, 78. rea>riod, 4; rt-sults of early •vtiniat«a and i-en.iu.icw, 6; Indian tribes, numljor and place of residence, 39, 40; list of minor ci\il divisions in, 74; surnames clarified according to number of families rcnorded under each, 113; number of members in such hou.i«-holds, 114; iH)pulalion dxi^l- fied by nationalitv, 116, 272; by counliex and minor civil divisions, 196; according to color, 203; by sex and age, 212; slaves, number of, 132;'familiescla-.«ifiiii bv slave ownershij) ans, 19(K) and 1790, 78; classification by color, for each census, 80; for specified years, by stales and terri- tories, 82, 222; by counties, 201: percent increase, by color, SI; survivors of pre- vious censu.Kis, S'_'; pre, 85: . in principal countries, 8.'«; in. i- h immigration, 8.5; natural im r incre.xie in each color element m niin- teenth cenliirj', 92; compiuison of growth in, with that of area, ly^. ..'•.- ..' •• - tur<>s. and wealth, H5 1 censu.ies. Native while j. , r- eign parentage. Native wtiitv pupulaliuu uf 302 INDEX. native yjarentage, White population, Negro population, and Indian and Mongolian population. Portland, Me., population at the First and at the Twelfth Census, 78. Portugal, tonnage of vessels entering ports of United States from, 30; increase in population in nineteenth century, 85 foreign population born in, 226. Post offices, number of, in Continental period, 23; receipts and expenditures, 23 list of, 25. Post roads, system of, 23. Postage, rates of, in Continental period, 23 revenue from, 23; kinds of money ac- cepted in payment, 25. Postal ser\-ice, establishment of, 23; stages as carriers of mail, 23; contracts for carry- ing mail, 23. Pro\ddence, R. I., colonial population, 14; population at the First and at the Twelfth Census, 78. Prussia, date of first census, 2; conditions then prevailing, 16; tonnage of vessels entering ports of United States from, 30. Publishers of newspapers and periodicals, list of with publications, 33. Reading, Pa., population at the First and at the Twelfth Census, 78. Redemptioners, meaning of term, 37. Representatives, House of, basis of appor- tionment, and number of members at each census, 92. Residence, place of, compared with place of birth, for the native white population of native parentage, 125, 126, 127. Rhode Island, population in preconstitu- tional period, 4, 5, 162, 163; Indian tribes, number and place of residence, 39; sur- names classified according to number of families recorded under each, 113; num- ber of members in such households, 114; population classified by nationality, 116, 271; by counties and minor civil divi- sions, 193; according to color, 201; by sex and age, 210; slaves, number of, 132; families, classified by slave ownership and nationality, 274; and color, 279; by num- ber of slaves held, 292. See also States and territories. Richmond, Va., population at the First and at the Twelfth Census, 78. Roads, condition and extent, 21. Rochester, N. Y., population at the First and at the Twelfth Census, 78. Russia, date of first census, 2; conditions prevailing in 1790, 16; density of popu- lation, 59; foreign population bom in, per cent distribution, 130; number, 226. Russia, Finland, and Poland, distribution of population born in, according to geo- graphic divisions, 131. St. Clair, Governor, estimate of population in Northwest Territory by, 54. Salem, Mass., record of population from its founding to 1790, 12; colonial population, 13; exports and imports, 30. Savannah, Ga., population at the First and at the Twelfth Census, 78. Saxony, date of first census, 2. Scandinavia, foreign population born in, 131, 226. Schedules, First Census, Mr. Madison's prop- osition regarding, 43; list of those on file, 49. Scotch, population classified as, by states, 117; by counties, 271. Scotland, ratio of adults of self-supporting age to children, 104; foreign population born in, per cent distribution, 130; num- ber, 226. Scott, Dr. Austin, data for New Jersey fur- nished by, 119. Scranton, Pa., population at the First and at the Twelfth Census, 78. Sex, white population, classified to show number of males, 93; age, 94, 208; children classified by, 94. Sharpe, Dr. E. S., data for New Jersey fur- nished by, 119. Shattuck, Mr. Lemuel, variations in colonial population of Boston shown by, 13. Shilling, value of, in different states, 20. Slaveholding families, private families clas- sified as, 99; by size, 100; by color, 100, 276; by number of slaves held, 100, 136; according to nationality, 123, 274; by states and territories, 135; in Southern states, 136; in Northern states, 137; in Virginia, 138. Slavery, introduction, 36; Federal control of, 37; first petition against, 37; reasons for British Government encouraging, 37; states making stand against, in precon- stitutional period, 37; extent of, in 1790, 132. Slaves, number of, in preconstitutional period, 36; first attempt of Federal control of trade in, 37; number at each census, 80, 132; by states, 132, 133, 134; average num- ber per family, 100, 123, 135, 136, 276; states not holding, in 1790, 132; causes for increase in value, 133; white population connected with ownership of, in 1790 and 1850, 138, 139; average value of, 140; number and average value, by states, 141; wealth invested in, 144; classified by nationality of owners and number per family, 274. Sloops, traveling by, 23. Smith, Adam, infiuence on early census tak- ing, 2. Somerset county, N. J., nationality of the population as indicated by the surnames of freeholders, 119. Somervillc, Mass., population at the First and at the Twelfth Census, 78. South America, foreign population born in, per cent distribution, 130; number, 226. South Carolina, population in preconstitu- tional period, 4, 7; Indian tribes, number and place of residence, 39, 40; dilficulty in obtaming enumerators, 46; list of minor civil divisions, 76; surnames classified ac- cording to number of families recorded under each, 113; number of members in such households, 114; population classi- fied by nationality, 116, 273; by districts and minor civil divisions, 200; according to color, 206; by sex and age, 220; slaves, number of, 132; families classified by slave ownership and nationality, 275; and color, 290; by number of slaves held, 136, 297. See also States and territories. Southern states, organization of local govern- ment, 20; number of post offices in, 25; educational advantages, 32; rate of in- crease in white population, 87, 88; native white population of native parentage born in, classified by place of residence, 126, 127; foreign born population living in, 129; classified by country of birth, 131; aggre- gate and per capita wealth, 144, 146. Southwark, Pa., heads of families in, classi- fied according to occupations, 142; propor- tion gainfully employed, 143. Southwest Territory, Indian tribes, number and place of residence, 39, 40; letter of Thomas Jefferson concerning enumeration, 45; number of slaves in, 132. See also States and territories. Spain, date of first census, 2; tonnage of ves- sels from, entering ports of United States, 30; increase in population in nineteenth century, 85; foreign population born in, per cent distribution, 130; number, 226. Springfield, Mass., population at the First and at the Twelfth Census, 78. Stagecoaching, principal routes, 22. States and territories, organization of local governments, 19; population of, in pre- constitutional period, 9, 10; at each cen- sus, 67; density of, 58; per cent white and colored, 82, 139; proportion of males, 93; of children, by sex, 94; families, number and average size, 96, 98; slaveholding and nonslaveholding, 100; average number of slaves, 135, 136; persons per dwelling, 102; number of children per 1.000 of white pop- ulation, 103; ratio of adults of self-support- ing age to children, 105; ratio of children to adult females, 105; to females 16 years of age and over, 106; surnames classified by number of families and number of per- sons, 115; foreign population born in, classifiedby place of residence, 128; slaves, number of, 132, 133; per cent increase at each census, 134; proportion of white population connected with ownership of slaves, 138; number of slaves and average value, 141; nomenclature, 227. Surnames of heads of families, approximate number. 111; nationalities. 111; per cent derived from parts of speech. 111; classi- fied list (note), 111; preponderance of Saxon, 112; classified by number of times they appear upon schedules, 112, 113; by number of persons represented, 114; average number of persons per name, 114, 115; distribution of, 114; list of those represented by at least 100 persons, 227. Survivors of 1790, method of ascertaining number, 81. Sweden, early census taking, 1; date of first census, 2; tonnage of vessels from, enter- ing ports of United States, 30; increase in population in nineteenth century, 85; foreign population born in, 226. Switzerland, date of first census, 2; increase in population in nineteenth century, 85; foreign population born in, per cent dis- tribution, 130; number, 226. Syracuse, N. Y., population at the First and at the Twelfth Census, 78. Tennessee, list of minor civil divisions, 77; computed distribution of population ac- cording to nationality, 121; source of data for nationality estimates, 121. See also States and territories. Tonnage of foreign vessels entering ports of United States in 1790, by countries, 30; classified by kinds of vessels, ports of en- try, and states, 30; by country owning vessels, 31. Transportation, facilities in Continental period, 21; effect oh interstate migration, 125. Trenton, N. J., population at the First and at the Twelfth Census, 78. Troy, N. Y., population at the First and at the Twelfth Census, 78. Turkey, per cent distribution of foreign population born in, 130; number born in, 226. United Kingdom, density of population in, 59; ratio of children to adult females, 109; foreign population born in, 226; increase in population in nineteenth century, 85. United States, date of First Census, 2; the area, and conditions prevailing in 1790, 16; organization and personnel of the Federal Government at the time of the First Cen- sus, 16; provisions for the capital, 16; states forming the Union in 1790, 17; boundaries and area, 17; number of post offices in, 25; increase in population, 85; ratio of adults of self-supporting age to children, compared with other countries, 104, 109. INDEX. 303 Utica, N. Y., population at the First and at the Twelfth Census, 78. Vermont, population in preconjititutional period, 4; early aboliphmenl of slavery in, 37; surnames claj^.-'ificd according to number of families recorded under each, 113; number of members in such house- holds, 111; population classified by na- tionality, 110, 271; by counties and minor civil divisions, 190; according to color, 201; by sex and age, 210; families classi- fied by nationality, 274. See also States and territories. Virginia, population in preconslitutional period, 4, G, 7; Indian tribes, number and place of residence, 39; lint of minor civil divisions, 75; surnames dasfsified accord- ing to number of families reaper money, 20. Westersraard, quoted in regard to ratio of adulUs to children (note), 104. I West Indies, extent ancl character of com- merce with, 31. See aUo Cuba and West I Indies. White population, of continental United States, with per cent of iiicreaw?, bv dec- ade;s, 1790 to 1900, HO; proportion of whites in the t"t il i„,i,iil .ijun, k2; inirea-'f in United Stai. .-d with 1I1..1 in Europe, 85; cla- iliveaiid (or.i.'ii and by nativity .ot 1,000 of, for given years, 103; distribution according li> nationality, 121; pro[M)rtion cnnne<-led with slave ownership. 13s; projxjrtion of slaves to everv 100 white iwrsons. 139. Wilkes-Harre, Pa., |>opulatiun at tlie First and at the Twelfth Census, 78. Wilmington, Del., fKipulation at the First and at the Twelfth Census, 78. Worcester, Ma.ss., population at the Finit and at the Twelfth CensUD, 78. // « f University of California SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1388 Return this material to the library from which it viras borrowed. 4 RECEIVED AUG 3 2001 UCLA LAW UBHARK