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J V fob'^o 
 
 A MANUAL 
 
 FOR 
 
 EMIGRANTS, 
 
 eUGOESTKD BV CIKCl MSTANC'KS, I'ROVKD BY PERSONAL 
 
 EXTERIESCE AND INTENDED TO BE PLACED 
 
 IN THE HANDS OF 
 
 
 , (•' The earth is thr Lord's and the fulness thereof.") 
 
 ALL FOREIGNERS, 
 
 KSPKCIALLY 
 
 EMIGRANTS FROM THE '' BRTISH ISLES," 
 
 ARRIVING AT THE VARIOUS ATLANTIC PORTS IN 
 THE UNITED STATES/If AMERICA. 
 
 BY C. II.'^VEBB, 
 
 Saperintcndent of the British Protective Emigrant Sociotj of 
 New- York, 17 Rector-itrcet. 
 
 N E W - Y O R K : 
 
 PRINTED BY WILLIAM OSBORN, 
 Tribune Buildinss. 
 
 July, 1849. 
 
 Price One Sliilling^. 
 
Y~- 
 
 Enterad «eeordiDf to Act ofCoBgreM, iathe year 184t, 
 , BY a H. WEBB, 
 la tb«Cl9rk'i 000* of tb« Dlitrirt Court of ih« Southern Dlilrtet of 
 New-York. 
 
3M 
 
 A MANUAL 
 
 FOR 
 
 EMIGRAITS, 
 
 6U00KSTKD BY CIRCUMSTANCES, I'ROVEl) BY I'liKbONAL 
 
 EXPERIENCE AND INTENDED TO BE PLACED 
 
 IN TilK HANDS OF 
 
 . /..-■., -^rK^^ 
 
 (" The earth is the Lord's ami the fulncps tbcrcol'.") 
 
 '^■{<^ ALL FOREIGNERS, 
 
 ESrFCIALLY 
 
 EMIGRANTS FROM THE *' BRITISH ISLES," 
 
 ARRIVING AT THE VARIOUS ATLANTIC PORTS IN 
 THE UNITED STATES'-'OF AMERICA. 
 
 BY C. H. WEBB, 
 
 Superintendent of the British Proiective Emigrant S,pcftt/^f ~ ""^ 
 
 New- York, 17 Rcctor-street. /% "^ x ^ ' V,, \ 
 
 ?f^ iJ. S. A. " ;; 
 
 ^ N E W - Y O R K : ♦ C> ^ ^d^y / 
 
 **^ PRINTED BY WILLIAM OSBO B^^Tj^^^SH^^^^' 
 
 Tribune Buildings. ' 
 
 July, 1849. 
 

 -SN 
 
 sr4 
 
 
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 •%.>*•. •. \ * v-^N • ' .v\ ..^ *■ ' 
 
W4 
 
 :5 
 
 TO 
 
 TilOMAH DIXON. KSQlllKK. 
 
 UTI fRKMlPKNT OK TIIM HniriMIt niOTKl'TIVK KMIUHANT Hr<riMtV, 
 AMU KX*l'MIC»tit»KN'l' ()!>' Tnc'. Nl'. (^KOUUk'm tiUl)itC'r/| 
 
 TUU I^OLLOWINU PAOKbi 
 
 ARM MO IT AieMl'KCTVULLY INtOlilltKPi 
 
 WITH 
 
 HLNTIMENTH OK KSTUKM, 
 
 »v 
 
 IIIM MU(*U UnLKiUI), 
 
 Ahl) VKIIV OnKDIKNT KKKVANT, 
 
 CUAH. 11. WKUU. 
 
 932 
 
' — *— iiini_ 
 
1' R h: I-' ACE, 
 
 Tin: wiitrr of lljin litllo work, lni«, for aomo yourrt, 
 aeon tho tiocoHsity, of giving direcC and 2)0sit'n'c in. 
 formation to all emigrants arriving from Europe, in 
 ihn Allunlic PoMrt of tlioUnitotlSiiUoN; und tlio va- 
 riouH •* Protection Societies " havo, no doubt, abun- 
 dantly Hocurod from fraud and impobition, thousands 
 and torjH of tljouHandn. Still, it i« j)reHumed, that a 
 little plain and reliable information in thiu shape 
 will not prove unacceptable ; and from tho author's 
 known experience and general knowledge on tho 
 subject, (having for several years performed the 
 duties of '* Suporlntondont " to the British Protec- 
 tive Emigrant Society of New-York, and associated 
 . with the St. George's Society of that City,) he ven- 
 tures to hope that his intentions will be found sin- 
 cere, and his suggestions practical. 
 
 The object of this pamphlet is, to call the attention 
 of all immigrants arriving at this, and other Atlantic 
 ports in the Western world, to the present state of 
 
Mi^kmrn 
 
 flocioty here, and its requirements, as to labor, and 
 other useful information, and is particularly intend- 
 ed for circulation, among a class of men, who have 
 visited the "Americas " with the intention of identi- 
 fying themselves for "weal" [or for "wo" with 
 the " Great Republic," and of settling in the 
 cuuntry. 
 
 The object, therefore, is calmly to state the pros- 
 pttts of those more immediately concerned, rather 
 than to animadvert on the circumstances, that in- 
 duced the •' visit " to a '* far country," not as •• Pro- 
 digal Sons," but with the view o^** living^* here, in- 
 steatl of •' existing*' there. 
 
 OF course out of the 350,000, more or less, that 
 will settle in the United States in the present year, 
 1949, a large majority will, from the demand for 
 labor in the "far west," Rsjarmers, laborers^ and 
 otJierg of the stamp, carpenters and rough mechanics, 
 to wit, •* live in the land and fulfil it ;" but with re- 
 ference to an important class of people, who are 
 willing to comply with the fiat of Omnipotence 
 wliich destined them to*' labor" either mcntallij or 
 corporeally, the case is widely diflercnt, and involves 
 circumstances, most appalling to the condition and 
 chivalry (so to s[)oak) of men, wlio are willing to 
 "earn tlicir bread by tlie sweat of their brow," but 
 whose misfortune is education, of rather a superior 
 description to the present demands of the country. 
 
PREFACE. Vii 
 
 Many, very raany such men, (and who so willing 
 to comply with their destiny as they]) have been 
 allured from their European homes, under the im- 
 pression that here was a market for their exertions, 
 and an existence for them, provided they only did 
 their duty, and subscribed with deference to the 
 opinions of the people among whom they intended 
 to dwell. 
 
 It is not intended by the term ** allured," that in- 
 telligent men who are here penniless, are altogether 
 blameless, for they were "allured" by garbled 
 accounts as to the demand in the United States, for 
 such men as themselves, on the authority of tlieir ovm 
 country newspapers, and the assurances of" circulars" 
 and for agents' interests, artfully welded together and 
 concocted, for their own selfish benefit, but profess- 
 ing to echo the sympathies and requirements of 
 employers here, as to the demand for men of the 
 stamp alluded to ; such statements being propagated 
 as matters of grave truth, history and politics. Not- 
 withstanding all this, the " intelligent men" referred 
 to, ought not to have taken for granted, on this autho- 
 rity, things, involving so many serious consequences 
 to themselves, but have gone to "head quarters," 
 and even then deeply to have pondered^ the prospects 
 awaiting them on a foreign shore. 
 
10 MANUAL POK EMIGRANTS. 
 
 people, to whom this little manual is particularly 
 directed ; we mean gentlemen with wJiite kands^ 
 and a courtly style, professional men, small trades- 
 men, (without capital,) shopmen, clerks, teachers, 
 commercial agents, literary gentlemen, &c. &c., they 
 will, here, he in competition, with an already re- 
 dundant supply of such men, " citizens born," with 
 whom competition is useless, and with whom the for- 
 eigner as a rule cannot successfully struggle against. 
 Still it may be questioned but what some few may 
 in the recesses of the far west, find useful and even 
 profitable employment, for instance " a surgeon,** 
 or perhaps a '* schoolmaster," but from the diffi- 
 culty in hitting that particular, spot, and the greac 
 obstacles in the way of certain success, it is at once 
 frankly and honestly stated, that the ^^ white hands** 
 are not wanted in the United States, under any cir- 
 cumstances whatever ; and to such being here, is 
 recommended a return at once to their native shores, 
 or being in their European homes, not to cross the 
 Atlantic for the purpose of seeking tiuccess here, for 
 here it will not he found. 
 
 The present aspect of Eociety in the principal 
 cilios on the Atlantic shores, the chief up river cities 
 and other towns and villages on the eastern coast of 
 the United States, is that of being already too much 
 over done ; no kinds or classes of emigrants are at 
 all wanted, neitlier animal, mechanical, scientific 
 nor classical, and every ship load of immigrants ar- 
 riving, that do not press westward, only reduces the 
 rate of wages and the chances of tl>o thousands 
 already unemployed. Now and then a very su- 
 perior workman, or a" barber's clerk," or a " French 
 
MANUAL FOR EMIGRANTS. 11 
 
 tailor,**may succeed, hut even a laborioushard-work- 
 ing Irishman, can hardly exist in any of these phices, 
 the consecutive twelve montlis, without 3ome as- 
 sistance gratuitously afTordedby iho wealthy. The 
 immigrant, therefore, on landing at New-York, is 
 especially informed, that if he stays in that city, he 
 will find provisions, boarding and washing, &c., at 
 least 50 per cent, dearer than in the old country ; 
 while his money lasts, he will be treated with affected 
 hospitality by the Emigrant Boarding House Keeper, 
 {^generally one of his own countrymen,) and who in- 
 vites him, from interested motives, to sojourn at his 
 place, till it is gone and spent, and then the immi- 
 grant's position is too painful to dilate upon — let him, 
 therefore, press on for the V/est, without losing a 
 moment — this is his only certain and successful plan. 
 The immigrant will here remark, that on arnval he 
 cannot get any but furnished apartments and board 
 supplied him by the people of the house — the pro- 
 prietors of some of these houses {there ar e, of course ^ 
 good and had^) are, generally speaking, very exact- 
 ing, and the charges* are such that even if a poor 
 hard-working man, with a family, did succ^'ed in 
 getting employment in the city, he would bo unable, 
 with all his exertion, to make both ends meet. Rents 
 are awfully high here, and " put out '* washing from 
 28. 6d to 3s. English, per dozen, of course, beyond 
 the means of the poor man ; and as to his wife as- 
 
 * Donot^tay at any boarding-house that has not the charg^os 
 or list of prices for meals, beds, &g., plainly posted up. Ti)« law 
 requires this, and it ought to be enforced. 
 
12 MANUAL FOR EMIGRANTS. 
 
 sisting in the family washing in a boarding-house, it 
 is quite out of tho question. It may as well bo here 
 stated, that strangers will have great difficulty in 
 getting, in the City of New-York, unfurnished rooms, 
 and that if they succeed in obtaining them, they will 
 have everything to provide, viz., stove and other ar- 
 ticles, usually considered fixtures in tlje old country, 
 and let with tho apartment. To avoid these ex- 
 penses and direct tlie immigrant as to what he 
 should do, instead of wasting his time in attempting 
 to get work here, we again say •* press on for the 
 West." 
 
 The immigrant is hereby cautioned, as to the ex- 
 pences of removing his goods from the ship on ar- 
 rival, and in all cases it would be well to have a 
 thorough understanding, for some of the unlicensed 
 cartmen are notoriouslyadverse to practical honfsty^ 
 and will agree for 4 sliillings or 8 shillings, (as the 
 case may be,) to take the luggage, and when the 
 duty is performed, demand 4 shillings or 8 shillings 
 English, instead of American mcmoy, which is only 
 half the value of sterling, thereby robbing the emi- 
 grant to the extent of lOi) per cent. 
 
 Ahcays make a bargain if you have occasion to 
 employ a cart for tlie removal i)f baggage, &c. 
 
 The price allowed in New-York by law for a 
 cart load, ai»y distance not exceeding half a mile, 
 is 31 J cents, and for each additional half mile, one 
 third more. 
 
 See that the cart has a number on it; this is a 
 proof that it is licensed ; and bo careful to re- 
 meTiiber the number. 
 
 It would be as well if the immigrantdid not move 
 
MANUAL FOR EMIGRANTS. 13 
 
 his lugjrngo from the ship at all, till he has deter- 
 mined his western route, and then, to cause it to be 
 transmitted direct to the new conveyance, viz., as 
 the coBc may be, the railroad, the canal, or the up- 
 river steamer, &c., &c. 
 
 This should be done, if practicable, in all cases, 
 and tlio sooner arrangements are then made for 
 moving forward the belter ; the only thing that is 
 dangerous now is delay. 
 
 With the view of promoting this part of the bu- 
 siness, viz : that of "going forward," the in'migrant 
 is solemnly warned, in the first place, of the frauds 
 practised on the unwary, in turning his foreign 
 money* into the *' current " notes and dollars of the 
 country, ])erhaps no currency in the world afforde 
 greater scope for roguery and imposition than does 
 the system of fiscal exchanges, prevalent in the States. 
 In every such case, it is strongly recommended to all 
 immigrants, of whatever country, to apply at once, 
 when he lands, to the " Protection Society," of the 
 country he may belong to,t where gratuitous informa- 
 tion and assistance is heartily extended to all who may 
 apply for it, and no description of fraud sanctioned 
 on " the stranger, in a strange land," no charges 
 are made for any services done for him, and none 
 in fact, are permitted. 
 
 • The reader will find, appended to this little ^ork, a correct 
 table, showinj; the value of sterling money in Federal currency, 
 from one penny to a pound, and computed on Government au- 
 thority. See page 35. 
 
 t The addresses and other particulars respecting these Socie- 
 ties will be found at page 38. 
 
14 MANUAL FOR EMIGRANTS. 
 
 Having now properly converted his money* into 
 the ** circulating medium,** the immigrant is warned 
 
 * It is here submitted to emigrants having brought consider* 
 able eums of money, intended for the purchase of farms, &.c. 
 by no means to take it with them into the country, but to invest 
 't under the advice of their respective Protective Societies, in some 
 respectable banking estabhshment in the city, till they have 
 agreed for the purchase of a suitable holding. By not doing so, 
 they run great risks of being robbed of all they possess. An in- 
 stance is here appended of a respectable British farmer, adopt- 
 ing thia jyrecaution, viz., tiiat of investing the bulk of his money 
 in the way recommended, and taking for travelling expences 
 &,c., uome £iO or jC50 with him, but of which he was cruelly 
 robbed, his trunk having been broken open during h'^ absence 
 and every article of value abstracted — of course all would have 
 gone but for the foresight and thoughtfulness exhibited Again 
 by depositing the 'uoney in the bauka and taking a proper " cer- 
 tiHoule" of tlio inveft'itnout, itciu» be n-udily turned into cash ut 
 lUiy of the rouutry hanking esltihliMlmuMilB or lur;,'o nicrcimtilo 
 lionsoH in any of tho Stiit(»s, and wliich invari:ili!y hearH, under 
 Much cirniuiHiaiice.s, from 1^ to U per c(M>t. prennum. Muny^in- 
 dividuals, known to tho writer, have been heartl<*Hsly robbed of 
 their •• all," by a cliiss of miscreants, who are constantly on the 
 •• look out " for now comers from the old country, by ingratiating 
 themselves into ihoir confidence, ohtirning the terret of their 
 XDorldly riches, and then devising, with deiHish sagacity, the ruin 
 of their temporal prospects and happiness. Beware also of •♦ ad- 
 VftrliHomcntsV that pr«tend tlm dihpoMal of dirent romfortahU 
 farinit at vrry low price*, thin is another triek to irnpof ■^ upon 
 •• nli-aiiKem." In all ea»«rn |;»» to tho •' land ojlire " in tho ntntn 
 yuii intend loHettlo, whern yuii can |>uruhur«n «uloly at tlin gov< 
 rrninrint price, without tho cxpenftcM of brokerage, iNcc, and be 
 certain uf a valid titjo, 
 
 Tho writer is coinpilled, in jni»tico to American nharaoter, to 
 ■tntn nioHt lionrtNtly nnti fearli^uMly, that no caHO of impropriety 
 )\t\H been made out hgaln«t them to hi» knowledge. The rrtal 
 
MANUAL POR EMIGRANTS. • l5 
 
 as to his next step, tliat which brings him at once 
 into connection (and unless he minds what he is 
 about he will bo taken in) with the " forwarding 
 companies ;" some of these are ** jyrctcnflcd^'^ and to 
 whom are attached a band of individuls usually 
 termed " runners," some of whom (the " unlicens- 
 ed ") are the greatest scoundrels in existence. No- 
 thing is so important to the immigrant as doing bu- 
 siness with truly honorable and dependable men.* 
 
 offender is invariably a countr^'man of the immigrant himself, 
 and who understands the brogue or dialect of the country from 
 whence ho may coinr. Another iuHtunco corroborntivo of tliii 
 is inserted. A rcppcctablo British farmer, with nearly X'20U0 
 •terling, arrived nt thirt port from England, and was, of course, 
 anxiouB to purchnHO u fiirm in tl)0 country and go to work ; ho 
 foil in with a countryman, who r;ormcd out all piirticulur» of his 
 properly, luggage, &,c., and ofjaint.t the dirtrt caution of the 
 ** Prulertivr Sucictij,'" ho put iiitt alluirs in the luindM of thin in- 
 fnmouHNCump, who iuKiMtrd uponliaving incxrhnnge for tl»o ICng- 
 lUh iiinnoy nf tliiN luiforliiiiiil'i iixlivithutt, Ainriiniin gold, which 
 WQM iupplifd ; he wiih uIho iiwivro, having f(<rretrd it out, in which 
 of Iho triinkH iho •• goid " wuh depoHilcd. Tho time for Bliirting 
 nrrivod, nwiintrd hy im iiPfoinpIirn thin vugnlxtnil pr«Hon<lt<d that 
 uvory thing wuh rl^ht, and jiiht viptin lliu ^ltnunt1r Nlniling, got 
 Ihefarinor into (MMivorMnlidu witli Iiim urrurtx'd <• h"'lpni«M«t," who 
 drew liiH Hltontion to tho bu^y hcpuoh thoi. going forward on th«< • 
 North Kiver. Iti llm m«<nn timo, tho other wont ln«low in u grout # 
 hurry, nll'ortrd that n iniiititKn liad orourrod, lltnt n wrong luix 
 )»udbrt(in litUftu friiiu lh» Ixmniing-hounti; ho tlitiiicoolly ii|i(tuldi<r- 
 I'd tho trunk containing the emigrant's goM and walked olVwith 
 it. loavini; the family d<<Ntltuto of every cent of money, and has 
 uol hIuco been heard of. 
 
 • Tho reader will find llio nnincsnnd other particulars in re- 
 forenoo to their buKiMOHs of the principle forwarding hounes in tho 
 City of New-York, and whoso houomblo conduct, kiudncstt and 
 
J 6 MANUAL FOR EMIORANTg. 
 
 At any rnto tho ** Protection Societies *' will, if the 
 irnmi^rnnt Ims uny doubt onlliii purtof tlio subject, 
 Hot biru tliMtiuclly dorir, nnd will, in addition, coiifirm 
 tliiH intormf\tiou. 
 
 'riio wriioi' Ikmo bears willing toHtimony to tho 
 '/oiil iind prof taction nfloi'd'-d to Mtrftn^<«rrt by tho 
 wlMdoof'tlio Now- York nowMpMporH ; rindwholmvo 
 ono and all frc<juonlly cxpoHcd tbo villatiios prac- 
 liHnil upon tljo " idinpt'Mt. loHscd " Htran^or, luid Imvo 
 hl'Hi rrpoiitfilly wui'immI tlio ifiiini^niut nj^uiiint ovory 
 tloMcriptlon oC fraud nnd impoHturo. Tlio Novv-York 
 'i*ribuiu*, iiiuou^ tlui otIioirH, liiis dun(« irn bont to 
 •*mIiow up " Hoitu) (»r ilio iViiudu to wlucli pi>or omi. 
 j^nmtrt aro oxposod on liiudlri(( nt N<3wVo!k by 
 t)nnin pr«'t<MHb'd iiimmiIm iiiid l<»i svnnlint'; ctiMipiinicM, 
 it will opun tliooyoH of nil Inturostrd, who will thou 
 p(»U'oivn tho jH'cosxity of «i(!lin^ with ynM\l cnulion. 
 WcM'opy puit ofiHi nt'liolc, iiiuuni^ iniiny nihorM, IVoui 
 thiit papor, wtl! dcMcivitii'; tho lhti!i!<H «d" tho wholo 
 cnunuunily. 
 
 " lit Kovonil I'lMKMit lUMfimcoM it is proved thiit fumi' 
 lioM liJivo paid in our city ilinni^'h tu niillulu, Clovis 
 laud, Chic.ui^o, tVc., ytt liavo boon stopped halfway 
 by a diMuuiid of mori* inonrii^ iin tho only coiidilioii 
 on which th(<y rrudd bo allowod to promod, or turn, 
 blod oir on a doj-.k, and lolV to Hhifi for thjimHolvon 
 aH ihcy n)ight. In oihor caHCS ihcy havo boon 
 chai^fMl oxira fur hiin.'ui^d ju violation of Ihtilr 
 ar^^o<uuout«, aiul ntill at'aiu ihoy havt< bi'oii nwindlod 
 by a praclico torr)H3d " Jlall/hxint^** ihoir oflortH — 
 
 coimld.Tiitlon, thr writor trulififi l<» fr<>;n long rxpor'umon Rud 
 nvrry iliiv InlpriMtiioii, (at>n «iiltqi'|iM>Ml |••«^rt ; 
 
MANUAT. I'Oll r.MKillANTK. 17 
 
 tlint iff innkini^ tlio wol^;l)l twico t.lio roul uinouni, 
 nnd co»n|»i:llinj^ tlicin to jmy full cliar^;oH on llio un- 
 ju«t coiiiputfition. TliPNo uro lnjt u part «»!' tlioj)p- 
 proHNioiiH Iirnpod upon a cIiihn, vvIioho ixivorty iiixl 
 lio]pl»i.MHH('H«, it woulil No(un, nuMt proMorvo ihom 
 from tlio rapacity of any but liio inoMt ul)iui<lt)iu»tl 
 villaljj.N." 
 
 l«'<)ll()wiiif^ llicMO ])r(HMiuti(niM, ami bnin;^ for- 
 wariKMl, tlio omif^ruiit nioviin forward. IIt» 1« now 
 launcluMl into a now Htiito of tiilii|;N und Ihin onlyoii 
 liif« ariiviil nt tlin placo of lii« dontiiuition to "do liin 
 duty," A fow HUi'^^oslioiiM tiro lioro iu)t d(MMnnd 
 inappropriiito, i\t\ to what iniiy ho ctmsidtM'od " duin^ 
 h'lM dtity." It irt not lliut of tnondy uutrhin<f /ainf (iu<l 
 ftiithfulh/. You aro in nnoilior luntl, a Htranj»;o 
 Country, nnd it would bu vvtdl to obKorvu an u ])rin- 
 ciplo, till) following rules of conduct : you will fitjd 
 tlu) roward in ho doini(. 
 
 JNt. Cilvo up thu liubit of Hp(>n(lin^ your ovoningn 
 in tlio public liouNo, notliing ntilitiitoM ho \x\\\c.\\ 
 ngaiuHt a man lioro, qm tlio pntcdca of** viMiiing mucIi 
 places. 
 
 • Tlio author l»y wny of illiihtrnlliii; tlm ovil ellVtUn of linhib- 
 \nfl urraiiinnal (hinkt thliONlr^uvo to nlnlo tliitl iiiiuiy iudiviihiiilN 
 who huvo fuUflii uiul<>r hiMiiolico, will, from Iho ncriirHiMl ny^loin 
 ofvinit'mj( tl)» porlor Iioii^om iiiid jjroi^ nloroM — not only add lo 
 thnir dilVioitlty nnd dlnlroHri, hnl cvon wr\lk nhoiit in n Htnte 
 of Imlf drunkonuoM onddiHordor — when by naviiij; und couHcrv- 
 ingpvery peuny, they nii;jht iimko a much bolter npiKMirunco 
 nnd run thn ohunooii of emplnymoni, prnrludod by tlMur own in- 
 (eniimriuice und folly. Nolhlnu li moro rommoii thnti lo linttr 
 ■uoh people juHlIfy thl« very ulnpld cunlom by Dinting Ihnt it In 
 n«o»M*ry to their romfort Niid to ko^p up litoir MpirilM, ^c, but 
 
18 MANUAL FOR XMIORANTfl. 
 
 2!h1. Keep mirly liourH miil livo tomporately, bo 
 that you may do your duty with easo to yourself; 
 and nH tho buHt fioctirity of •• ^(mkI luMilth" and 
 •• lonj; lifo." 
 
 3id. ]Jo n*t talk about politics, they wo n't " put 
 monoy in thy puiio," hut will ostranp^o tho ostopm of 
 your own aull' respect, aiid perchance mtiko thoo 
 onomioH. 
 
 4th. Don't find fault with the implements of hus- 
 bandry, or mode, or stylo of doing things, till thou 
 liast a farm of thino own, (and you will then know 
 betfe»';) depon<l upon it, tho native farmer will not 
 bo dictated to, and if you are paid by him for doing 
 1u& husincs.Sf what does it signify to you how timt 
 business is done ?t 
 
 they fur^ret that a bad cuHtom is " better honored in tho breach 
 Ihuii in the observance," and that bad brandy is but a [H)or pre- 
 scription for bad spirits and worse circumstance«. 
 
 t Uy way of warning, the writer would remark that it often 
 happens, crt|)ccially anionff young p«;ople, tliat on arrival they 
 apply to the Superintendent to be informed where they may 
 meet with employment, and upon being directed, instead of thank- 
 fully accepting what may present, refuse the service on th© 
 ground that they are not to be paid the customary wages of the 
 country. Can sucli individuals expect (when they have so muc!i 
 to learn and unlearn) tho money paid to a first class servant, 
 who perfectly understands his business? Tiiese f/oor deluded 
 people will frequently refuse ^9 to !$10 per month, and coolly 
 demand fj,V2 to $16, (tiptop wages) and when too late, are com- 
 pellril to take, are very glnd to take situations vastly inferior in 
 every respect. Wo copy from the Toronto Examiner the fol- 
 lowing: — " The condition of tho immigrants and tho situation 
 of the farmers in this part of the country, preser.te some Tory 
 singular anomalies. Tho immigrants, many of whom are 
 
MANUAL FOn KMIGIIANTS. 19 
 
 Olh. Fall into iho way of doing things qr they 
 aro most in voguo, and bo cautious uot to mako 
 enemies. 
 
 6th. "Fear God and trust in Providence, where- 
 ever thou may'st be." 
 
 We here publish for the information of emigrants 
 the following letter : 
 
 Cincinnati, May Oth, 1849. 
 C. H. Webb, Esq. 
 
 Dear Sir: — I have an ongagcment on tho New Albany and 
 Salem Railroad, many men will to employed, say at least one 
 thousand, for two years. I know that there are hundreds of men 
 unemployed in New York, and that there are numbers coming 
 out in every vessel ; now we want farmer's men to work with 
 pick and shovel, others to lay rails and sleepers, others at build- 
 ing walls with stone dry walling as we call it, others stone ma- 
 sons, and indeed at all kinds of work connected with the con- 
 struction of railroads. Can you give this publicity ? • * 
 
 Mr. James Willetts, of 19^ Division Street, is a son of one of 
 the contractors, and will see you on the subject, if you will drop 
 him a note. •»»»•* 
 
 Living here is very cheap, pork 3 cents per pound ; beef and 
 
 broken down in health, without self-trained habits of industry, 
 and unacquainted with much of the labor to be performed in a 
 new country, demand higher wages than men born in tho coun- 
 try and capablo of performing every description of farm labor, 
 can be obtained for. These demands are resisted by the farmers, 
 many of whom during this harvest aro greatly in want of assist- 
 ance ; and some of them complain that efficient assistance is 
 not to be obtained. The immigrants are very much deceived 
 as to their own capabilities and the value of their labor. Unprin- 
 cipled parties, who pretend to be their friends, do much to de- 
 ceive them on this point. The country could absorb an immense 
 amount of immigrants if they were all capable of laboring effi- 
 ciently, and willing to take reasonable wagee. 
 
26 MANUAL FOR EMIORANtB. 
 
 Other proviflloni the same reuAonabto rale. To men wishing to 
 buy farms there are great inducements, as they could go on to 
 a farm bought hom tiie company and work out the price. I 
 name this because I know that there are many men who wish to 
 get into tlie country, buy farms and go to work — yet by some 
 strange fatality they remain in the city and lose their capital. 
 
 You will remember me aa the man who bought the schooner 
 Peruvian, &,c., &,c. 
 
 I am yours truly, 
 
 JOHN ROWLEY. 
 
 But now a very important and serious duty in- 
 deed, devolves upon the writer in addressing him- 
 Belf to that unfortunate class of people for whose 
 services there is no demand, for whom no market ij 
 open, and who are hero starving and penniless; 
 the?e remarks are intended more by way of prevent- 
 ing other such men from visiting the United States, 
 than advising with those wlio would return to their 
 native lands. Still wo shall not overlook the claims 
 of tliose who aro hero helplessly idle, and who may 
 want advice and assistance in this the saddest mo. 
 ment of their eventful lives, — wo shall not shrink 
 from dealing in a general way, with even th^ neces- 
 sities of these. 
 
 If a goulloman without prefession and unaccus- 
 tomed to labor comes iiere, he cannot exist, unless 
 he has private resources, and it is earnestly hoped 
 that men of this stamp will keep away, as they 
 only embarrass (without a chance of success) the 
 efforts of those whom they may interest in their be- 
 half, or to whom they may get introduced. If a 
 man is not prepared for hard and laborious duty — 
 he is not wanted hero. Those who aro in this 
 country of the stamp, had better return to their 
 
MANUAL FOR EMIGRANTS. 21 
 
 own, if thoy have the means of so doing, and if they 
 have not, wliy then, if they don't wish to starve, 
 they must get on to the " West," heg their toay, sleep 
 and live as they can, and if they are really m 
 earnest and are not ashp.med to be seen with brown 
 hands and a hard palm, they will soon work their 
 way. The Americans are kind-hearted and thought- 
 ful, and will make allowances, but they like to see 
 a man tnj^ they like to know that a man endeavors 
 to deserve success, — and if he shows such a dispo- 
 sition to throw off the gentleman and genteel preju- 
 dices, he will soon go ahead, and find that the 
 Americans will not be tardy in according a help- 
 ing hand. 
 
 The writer here wishes to be distinctly under- 
 stood, that lads and young men from 14 to 18 years 
 of age, can get easily apprenticed to worthy and 
 excellent employers if they are so inclined. They will 
 be taught a good business or trade in all its 
 branches ; be well boarded and lodged, with wash- 
 ing, &;c., &c., — and obtain $25 to $30 per year as a 
 start, besides; andnf they conduct themselves well 
 this will increase to S 100, or perhaps $150 before they 
 are out of their lime. The friends of such youths must 
 also bear in mind that no premiums are required. 
 
 Emigrants who come out on speculation should, 
 (if married,) leave their families at home, till they 
 get settled and prepared for them. The distress 
 arising from not adopting this suggestion is of the 
 most painful character. The husband has to leave to 
 the care of heartless strangers, his wife and child- 
 ren while he is seeking for work, perhaps hundreds 
 of miles off; and the wives themselves have fre- 
 
22 MANUAL FOR EMIGRANTS. 
 
 quently to fulfil situations of the most distresting 
 drtidgery for an existence, vfhWe the children are pro- 
 vided with the charitable dainties and comforts of the 
 Alms Houses. The expenses of moving about the 
 country with a wife and children will wear down 
 the best private resources. To our own knowledge, 
 and hundreds of instances may bo cited illustrative 
 of this view, families have at last been unable (from 
 want of fund-) to accept situations which ulti- 
 mately have presented themselves at a distance, and 
 have thus been hopelessly steeped in j^overty, turpitude 
 and moral degradation ; all arising from the want of 
 caution in leaving the family at home, till proper 
 provision has been made for its reception. The hus- 
 band should also remember that his family can come 
 out as securely without liim as with him, and it 
 would not be speaking too strongly to assort in 
 nine cases out often, more comfortably altogether. 
 Again, supposing the head of the family may so 
 happen to dislike the country ns a place of settle- 
 ment; why put himself to the expense and his 
 family to tho inconvenience of twice crossing the 
 Atlantic 1 
 
 A few general remarks to disabuse the minds of 
 many emigrants on the subject, is here considered 
 necessary. 
 
 Some are under the impression that should they 
 not succeed in America they can be sent back at 
 the expense of the Consul, or the city authorities or 
 benefit societies ! Depend upon it this is altogether 
 untrue. 
 
 Another impression is that the owners of vesse-s 
 are in some degree responsible for supporting the 
 
MANUAL POR EMIGRANTS. 23 
 
 destitute who may have come out in their ships, or 
 at least of taking them back — this is likewise untrue. 
 Owners of ships are not liable for the support of the 
 emigrants they may bring out, as they have to 
 pay a commutation on each passenger to the Emi- 
 gration Commissioners, that he may not become 
 chargeable to the authorities for the term of five* 
 years. This is, however, not open to abuse, but is 
 applicable to the sick and decayed only, and not to 
 able-bodied persons capable of labor, and who will 
 not exert themselves properly by pushing at once 
 into the interior. The Consul can only send back 
 shipwrecked or disabled sailors. 
 
 Another class of emigrants require to be advised 
 in reference to their money. They leave England 
 or Ireland, as the case may be, rather short of cash, 
 and expect on arrival remittances from their friends 
 in this country, but who may be hundreds of miles 
 off in the interior ; the better plan is before any 
 person leaves the Old Country, to write (if he ex- 
 pects assistance from his American friends) to them 
 before sailing — so that on arrival at this port he 
 may apply at the Consul's or Protective Society's 
 offices, and at once receive the money on applica- 
 tion. But, unfortunatelj>many arrive here almost 
 destitute, and then write to their friends for money, 
 forgetting that sometimes a letter may be a month, 
 or even more, before it comes to hand, and that in 
 some cases it may miscarry altogether. Nothing 
 
 • Thii law ifl particularly mswted upou in the State of New- 
 York. 
 
24 MANUAL FOR EMI6RAKTS. 
 
 can be more distressing, under such circumstances, 
 than the condition of the unfortunate emigrant who 
 is thereby exposed to the most degrading poverty, 
 inconvenience and misery. 
 
 To prevent the inconvenience and distress conse- 
 quent on such folly, it is suggested that no person 
 should embark on board the emigrant-ship in the 
 old country without having a thorough understand- 
 ing with his friends as to his means of existence on 
 arrival here ; and if mOney is to be sent forward to 
 meet him on landing, it should bo done promptly, 
 and consigned post free to the care of the consul 
 or the Protective Society, with full particulars, &c., 
 &c., as to its administration. 
 
 It is also suggested to emigrants when travelling, 
 to provide themselves with plenty of small silver 
 money ; and, if you can avoid it, do not take the 
 American notes in exchange for your sterling money 
 till you can discriminate between the counterfeit 
 and the genuine ; you will be sadly imposed upon 
 if you do n't mind this advice. 
 
 . Again : in selecting a proper vessel, the emigrant 
 ift warned as to the sort of ship ho should select for 
 his voyage. In all cases the regular packets should 
 be patronized, because t*^y are better constructed 
 for the transit of passengers than ordinary mer- 
 chantmen. Some of these latter are frequently 
 twice us long on the passngo as those recommended, 
 and in that event, from the want of provisions, (his 
 sea-stock being exhausted,) the unfortunate emi- 
 grant is compelled to purchase of the captain, at 
 enormous rates, food for his support, and on arrival 
 at his destination finds himself literally without a 
 
26 MANUAL FOR EMIGRANTS. 
 
 with these suggestions you ^11 he highly inconve- 
 nienced. 
 
 We are again indebted to the New York Tri- 
 bune of June 12tli, 1849, for an article which is so 
 much to the purpose and so admirably written, 
 llint we give it verbatim — and which will no doubt 
 prevent a further immigration of the "white hands,** 
 if it only be reprinted for their information by the 
 European newspaper press. 
 
 •• COUNSEL TO IMMIGRANTS.** 
 
 '* Tho mighty wave of European Emigration still 
 breaks upon our shores in undiminished volume 
 and force. Each week wilneases the arrival of 
 thousands : each year sees tho immigration of any 
 former year surpassed. Estimating each year's in- 
 crease at only ten per cent, the number of Euro- 
 peans who will come over to us annually will very 
 soon reach half a million. 
 
 " We rejoice in being able to state, ihot the impo- 
 sitions and extortions formerly practised on the ig- 
 norant and friendless immigrants, by way of our 
 city, have already been greatly diminished by 
 virtue of the recent acts of Congress and our State 
 Legislature — the former guarding against the 
 crowding of hundreds into an inadequate space, 
 often unventillated and every way noisome, while 
 tho latter is intended to protect them against fraud 
 and iniquity after nearing our shore. The ar- 
 rungemepts for this purpose are not yet perfect, but 
 we believe, they have already reduced the average 
 cosl of transporting immigrants from this City to 
 
MANUAL FOR EMIGRANTS. 25 
 
 ceni, and almost without hope. Had be taken his ^ 
 passage in iha regular packet, his means would not 
 have been frittered away in paying three times tho 
 value for provisions on board the vessel, and he 
 would have had sufficient money on arrival to have 
 helped him into the interior, or for other purposes. 
 Again : it is intimated to those who may bo desi- 
 rous of visiting this country, in taking their passage 
 in London, Liverpool, Bristol, or any other seaport 
 in the old country, to deal with the owners or the 
 captain of the vessel only. The greatest inconveni- 
 ence has arisen from taking the " Contract Ticket ** 
 from an '* agent," who promises everything and per- 
 forms nothing. These sort of folks are responsible to 
 no earthly tribunal, and the frauds they practise on 
 the unwary are thick and three-fold. The emigrant 
 is aiso warned in all cases to keep his *'■ contract 
 ticket,^'' and hy no means to give it up under any cir- 
 cumstances^ it will secure him against ill-treatment 
 on board, or, at any rate, procure him proper redress 
 on landing if its conditions are unfulfilled. 
 
 Once more, in purchasing your sea stock or pro- 
 visions, bedding and other necessaries for the voy 
 age, it is, in all cases, better to " market" for your 
 self, than to leave it to the'* agent." In nine cases 
 out often, these men are not to bo trusted. They 
 charge, in all cases, the highest pricct and generally 
 supply articles inferior in quality and deficient tV» 
 weight; it is also proper that you should see the 
 ** cooking" accommodation of the vessel, and pro- 
 vide *u/7ai/<f utensils, for the particular ship, you come 
 out in; this is absolutely necessary, as the stoves vary 
 in construction, and unless yop act in accordance 
 2 
 
MANUAL FOR EMIGRANTS. 27 
 
 their various destinations west of Buffalo, fully one- 
 half. Not that the forwarders are content with half 
 that they formerly received, but the enormous sums 
 formerly abstracted from the immigrants by runners, 
 passage agents, and boarding-houses, are essentially 
 reduced. A very large proportion of the immi- 
 grants now arriving at our port never land in our 
 city at all, but are transferred from the ships di- 
 rectly to the steam and tovvboats, which trke them 
 to Albany on their way to Buffalo and the West. 
 Thus a large portion of the waste of means formerly 
 encountered here has been obviated, while the saving 
 of health and morals is at least equally a theme for 
 congratulation. And we believe the average cost, 
 including absolutely necessary food, of immigrants' 
 conveyance from shipboard at this port to their fu- 
 ture homes between Detroit and the Mississippi, is 
 rather under than over twenty dollars per family of 
 two adults and two children. The transportation 
 of their effects, beyond a hundred pounds to each 
 full passenger, is, Oi' course, an additional charge. 
 
 " One of the best signs of the times for immigrants 
 is the rapid and striking change in public sentiment 
 with regard to them. It is not many years since 
 the settlement of a ship-load of Dutch or Irish in 
 any county or section was apt to be regarded by 
 its earlier inhabitants with regret and aversion. 
 The uncouth garments, unintelligible language, sin- 
 gular modes of culture, and difference in almost 
 everything from our American-born people, were 
 subjects of constant and unfavorable comment. The 
 fact that many of the less destitute, cultivated but a 
 nmall portion of the farms they bought, leaving the 
 
28 MANUAL FOS EMIGRANTS. 
 
 resulue untouched, was thought to threaten whoto 
 counties with the Canada thistle and other migra- 
 tory scourgea. But experience has removed one- 
 half the causes of complaint and taught our people 
 the groundlessness of their fears with respect to the 
 other. Each of the now states is now systemati- 
 cally seeking to draw to herself a larger and still 
 larger portion of the great stream of immigration, 
 and ono at least (Micliigan) has just a])p()iinted an 
 agent to act for hor in our city with that purpose. 
 And this is but tho beginning. 
 
 ** A part of tho immigrants now arriving will per- 
 sist in stopping at ono or anotlior of tlio Atlantic 
 ports, just TXH tlioy may happen to bo consignod or 
 landed, TI>oy inijjht as M(:nf<il)ly Ht()p at Sandy 
 Hook orConoy Island. If ihoyhavo money enough 
 to live on witliout vxoitlon, tlioy tiiuy, of couiro, 
 stop where tliey liUo ; bui if tlioy liuvo their living 
 to earn, it is niadnt^HH to Btop in atiy seaport. Tho 
 siniplo fact tlnit vessel aftfM' vrHMul londrd with iin* 
 inigrantN irtconrtlanlly landing ut eacli of thrue port:« 
 should convince them that they can have no fair 
 cliaiico in micli localities. I'lvcry dopartm<Mit «)f 
 labor or indurHlrial ollbrt is crowded, and those t>f a 
 prufoMsionul or intolloctual cliaractor mt^nt of uny, 
 A hod'carrior or strcot-sweopcr, freshly lumled in 
 New.York or Pljiladolphia, hus some chance, but a 
 doctor, l:uvyor, or writer fov tho profis, has none. 
 Tho niikml i'liot that Ijo lun delilxMuloly rxchanjjod 
 a country where his capacities mtist to some extent 
 bo ktiown, forono in wliich they arenccoNsarily and 
 utterly unknown, raises a veryMtrong presumption 
 ngainst hit) abilities or ids good conduct. " Why 
 
MANUAL FOR EMIGRANTS. 29 
 
 filiould 1)0 havo cmigrntod if bo wore succcflsful in 
 liifl vocation fit linnio ? nnd if not, liow can lio liopo 
 to Buccood lioro ?" Such avo tho natural tbougli un- 
 ultoiod (juoBlions which jirocludo his obtaining oven 
 Q clmncc to hIjow that ho is good for Bomotbing* 
 Ho must confront hero a kindred bund of aspirants 
 from ovtu'y partof our own BpaciouR lan<l, ur origor 
 nnd as capable of endurance as himself, and who 
 nro not doomed to encounter tho liko depressing pro- 
 •umption. Thus our cily has con:>tantly un onor. 
 mouN uxccHH of poets, doctorn, (of uU sorts,) and men 
 of lellers, not to spouk of tbo legions of cx-clerks, 
 who cannot possibly rack from their brains tho 
 whcrowitlml to (ill their stomachs, and, but for tho 
 AltnS'lIonso nnd tho Lunatic Asylum, tlio mnjority 
 of t)»on» could not bo ublo to livo ut all. Mmi Iruiut 
 0(1 to mnnuul labor havo a littlo better cbpnco, but 
 Btill a hard one in those sun*board citios. Ifthoro 
 wore work oiK)Ugh (as there is not) to-day for all 
 who aro hero, tho next wave of immigration would 
 absorb it all and call for moro. Moan time food, 
 hhtdtor, tVc, avo nocossarily niucli doaror horo tlian 
 in tho country, and a married laborer, in conntont 
 omplnymont, can hardly huvo q dollar j if nick or 
 out of woik, ho can ncurcoly navo bimsolf from bug- 
 gary. At least a third of our laboring classes niuut 
 appeal to charity gf iomoi^ort loanable thorn to got 
 through Q winter. 
 
 "It is far othoi'wiiio in tho tidnly-soltlod portions of 
 tbo Now Slaloi, Cheap Food, cheap Timber and 
 Fuel, and a vory general demand for Labor, put 
 another face on the poor man'it condition. Kvon if ho 
 i« Miok or idl9, bU ront and fuel ooit lUtlo, tttid bU 
 
so MANUAL won IMIOHANTfl. 
 
 clillJron or hi* cow ottn plok up iomfttlilhg towAt'd 
 & Bubaistonco in tlio opoti forests or by tbo wayside. 
 ^o mun who lias the Hplrlt of work in liim need op. 
 prohond NtnrTnlion in any of our now «ottlf?montn, 
 
 ** Our imniigrftTitfl begin to npprociato thoflo trnthw, 
 nnd noiirly oU of tliofii who Imvo niiy pt'ttctluul 
 faculty inako a boo-liiio for tho West, i«avinj^ 
 mahily tlioso of tho luiiHt adaptation or idUcluncy 
 tryin^r to live In tiio cities, Tho pootn Rtop iicro ; 
 tlio BpadorH rxud ditrhors stonm ntrnlf^ht by, nnd 
 
 mnUn thnir firpt hnlt. ncnnowlinin tdicmt. ihn Oi'imt 
 
 LakuH. JJut even tlioso aro upt to fall into ono 
 error, and li id n^^aliiHt thla wo niuun to wurn thorn, 
 oven nttho pxpotmo oftlioir pfood will, 
 
 ** Tho first idea of a Kuropoan landing boro and 
 
 Knokhij^ work It* I^^.i^h Wtti'tin, 1I« doer* not con.. 
 Bidor tlmt ho is utterly unacquainted with our im- 
 ploniontrt and modes of doing thiuf^H — that ho can 
 Boldom plfint or mow or mriUn fonrn in nnr ii'nji 
 nearly bo mat as a born Yankoo ; ho soch otdy that 
 llio YuuKoo y«>it» twolvo or lifLdtin dollaia \x iiitiolh 
 n>r farm work, and ho insiBls on havini^ as much. 
 lUit lio cannot j^o I'orwaid and do as tho Yunkoo can ; 
 ho can hiirdly koop up with him whr-n plarrd boMido 
 lum ; nnd howovvir athletic nnd faithful, hi,s florvi* 
 
 TOO xxvQ »oi ufofl/i »a tniirh jmr iiuiuth tia ihti Yuii- 
 
 koo*M. Failinp; to obtain what ho demandti, ho bo« 
 comtjd dlhguMled with rural labor in America, turns 
 back to «f)mo city, whrro ho can fM>t pnrlmpfl far 
 })ip;hcr money wnjjos, but ctin savo little or nothing, 
 
 nvrwi whfiii onipUiyod. IhinMci, )»ti iti lintinhlg 
 nothing bore of any uso to him ; and if Winter do 
 not pinch him, Old Ago certainly will. 
 
MANUAL ron KMIOUANTt. 31 
 
 ^IIo locks forcsighi and calcululou badly. Sup- 
 \)om ho cnii ^Mit l»ut Nuvt^ii (lolliirrt a nioiilli on a 
 furrn, whilo iho YunUoo who \vt»rUH bt^MiiU) him \» 
 puid fiftoonjot iiitn ika'im' inuid ihu dii{iiuity if ht) 
 hna a good clmnco to loiirn our Amorican wayH of 
 furminj^. That is tho groat pomt. Lot liiin loam 
 to do Qs wo do first, an'l improvo o*\ our wayn as 
 mucli DS poHHiblo ttflorward. A ninglo year will 
 Buflico, if ho ho docilo and observing, to givo hitn 
 dexterity [w our ways ; after that ho will \h) e<iuul 
 to any American, and may command an good wagoM, 
 possibly bettor, as ho will undertitand many old 
 <5()untry wiiyw whirh in tlwilr pliirn urn wupnrior Ut 
 ours. Let htm by no muaus Rtand idle or botako 
 him.Holf for higher wages to railroad-grading if 
 single, but learn how farming is dono in this coun- 
 try, considering the oxperionco and skill the bt^st 
 part of his pay for lUo first year. After that, if a 
 good man, ho noed no moro stand idlo nor work for 
 half prico. 
 
 •• There never was a time when Labor was oo 
 generally needed by our farmers as now. Our ve- 
 inarkably luto S])ring has given plaeo to ti most 
 genial and thrifty Summer. Our cold May put our 
 farmers away back, but the sun and rain of Juno 
 aro rapidly making amends for it. IIo, you who 
 nro bogginj; and tramping for work in iho cities ; 
 scatter yourselves ovor iho country ond you can 
 hardly avoid itl" 
 
 Torsons in England aro too apt to givo an opi. 
 nion about the demand hero for clerks ond profim- 
 aional men, arising, (so they say,) from the great 
 oumboi-s that havo migrated to California— but thii 
 
^'a MANUAL FOR EUIQRANTB. 
 
 is an awful mistake, and Iiqa boon tho ruin of hun* 
 <1iO(l« — for wlicio ono lotivcii for Culifornlft ihoro 
 uro four who visit Now-York to supply liJs place 
 from llio interior of our own States, besides tho re- 
 dundant influx of such gentry from Europe, tho 
 Canadas and elsewhere. 
 
 AVo now como to tho reasons that may bo 
 assigned, and which may bo urged by those who 
 have boon disappointed, in justifying a return. 
 
 1st. A man may bo too delicate in constitution, 
 and be physically incapable for hard labor. 
 
 2nd. Neither himself, nor his friends may feel dis- 
 posed to humor the practical spirit of the rule 
 held here inviolate, " that if a man will not work 
 neither shall he eat.'* 
 
 3rd. He may refer to the false reports of the de- 
 mand for such as himself, and basely propagated 
 by unprincipled ** agents" in his own country, for 
 the purpose of obtaining a " commission** on his 
 passage money, and on his sea stock and necessa- 
 ries. 
 
 4th. He may honestly assert that the Americans 
 in all cases prefer *' a Citizen'* to any foreign 
 assistance, in the performance of those genteel or 
 delicate duties, requisite in a refined state of society. 
 5th. That all men with ** white hands" are more 
 tlian suspected (if they be not Professional) of leav- 
 ing their Fatherland, with some sort of discredit, 
 attached to their moral reputation or character: 
 and that even good testimonials are here, but sel- 
 dom available. 
 
 Cih. It may, again, be fearlessly asserted, that tlte 
 
MANUAL FOR EMIORANTS. 33 
 
 plan of business arrangements is so differently 
 managed here, that the experience of foreigners, is 
 but of little avail in transacting the ordinary require- 
 ments expected to bo performed, and that for a con- 
 siderable peiiod, such men would, in an American 
 merchant's store or counting house, be comparative- 
 ly valueless. 
 
 7th. It may also be gravely assumed, that even 
 if a man o? tJiig stamp did succeed in getting a situa- 
 tion, his expenses would, for a year or two at least, 
 exceed his salary, and that unless he had private re- 
 sources, he could not hope to retam it. 
 
 8th. That such men a'-e expected to make a gen- 
 tlemanlike appearance, very much more so than in 
 European cities, and that board and washing, clo. 
 thing and incidentals are nearly double the London 
 prices. 
 
 These and many other reasons may bo relied on, 
 to justify an immediate return to their own country 
 of the individuals referred to, and there can be no 
 doubt, that the feeling of annoyance^ in being com- 
 pelled to return, will subside, when it is here assert- 
 ed that little more than twelve months ago, coming 
 under the writer's own knowledge, twenty young 
 Englishmen, some of them of highly respectable 
 families, recently arrived, disappointed in their ef- 
 forts to obtain employment, and unable or unwilling 
 to return to their native land, embraced the sad and 
 melancholy remaining alternative of enlisting in the 
 United States Army, and at once proceeded to 
 Mexico. 
 
 In conclusion, it must be, however, borne in mind 
 that very many of this class of gentlemen, by adopt- 
 2» 
 
34 MANUAL FOR EMIGRANTS. 
 
 ing'the plan recommendecl, viz., of begging their 
 way into the interior, or getting there as they could, 
 have been very successful ; it only requires the will 
 and a little patience. Be then not discouraged. 
 You must fulfil your destiny, and by honest industry 
 lay, as a skilful artificer, the first stone on a good 
 foundation ; that foundation is lahor^ its reward is 
 proportionate to your efforts, its advantages are in- 
 alienable, and its fruits will be plenty, happiness 
 and contentment. 
 
35 
 
 TABLE, 
 
 J. J.M. .M^ J-, *^ J 
 
 Showing the value of sterling money in Fed- 
 eral currency from one penny to a pound. 
 
 Ji 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 % cts. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 = 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 = 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 = 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 = 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 = 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 G 
 
 -_. 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 = 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 = 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 = 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 __ 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 = 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 lor 
 
 12 
 
 ^ 
 
 24 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 = 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 = 
 
 72 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 = 
 
 96 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 = 
 
 1 21 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 =r 
 
 1 45 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 =: 
 
 1 69 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 =r 
 
 1 93 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 = 
 
 2 17 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 = 
 
 2 42 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 = 
 
 2 66 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 = 
 
 2 90 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 = 
 
 3 14 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 =: 
 
 3 3S 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 _. 
 
 3 62 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 = 
 
 3 87 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 = 
 
 4 12 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 = 
 
 4 36 
 
 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 = 
 
 4 60 
 
 lorSO 
 
 
 
 i= 
 
 4 84 
 
36 
 
 TABLE, 
 
 Showing the Federal value of ^1 sterling to 
 ^15. 
 
 1 
 
 IS 
 
 1 
 
 6s. 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 15 
 
 o 
 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 4 
 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 15 
 
 6 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 G 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 15 
 
 (> 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 () 
 
 10 
 
 C 
 
 15 
 
 7 
 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 15 
 
 8 
 
 
 $4 84 1 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 26 
 
 8 
 
 47 
 
 9 
 
 68 
 
 10 
 
 89 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 31 
 
 14 
 
 52 
 
 15 
 
 73 
 
 16 
 
 94 
 
 18 
 
 15 
 
 19 
 
 36 
 
 20 
 
 57 
 
 21 
 
 78 
 
 22 
 
 99 
 
 24 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 41 
 
 2G 
 
 62 
 
 27 
 
 S3 
 
 29 
 
 4 
 
 30 
 
 25 
 
 31 
 
 46 
 
 32 
 
 67 
 
 33 
 
 88 
 
 35 
 
 9 
 
 3G 
 
 30 
 
 37 
 
 51 
 
 38 
 
 72 
 
 £S 
 
 55. 
 
 isS39 93 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 41 14 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 42 35 
 
 9 
 
 
 43 56 
 
 i» 
 
 5 
 
 44 77 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 45 98 
 
 9 
 
 15 
 
 47 19 
 
 10 
 
 
 48 40 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 49 61 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 50 62 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 52 3 
 
 11 
 
 
 53 24 
 
 11 
 
 5 
 
 54 45 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 65 66 
 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 56 87 
 
 12 
 
 
 58 8 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 59 29 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 60 50 
 
 12 
 
 15 
 
 61 71 
 
 13 
 
 
 62 92 
 
 13 
 
 5 
 
 64 13 
 
 13 
 
 10 
 
 65 34 
 
 13 
 
 15 
 
 66 65 
 
 14 
 
 
 67 76 
 
 14 
 
 5 
 
 68 97 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 70 18 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 71 39 
 
 15 
 
 
 72 60 
 
37 
 
 To convert Sterling Mo7iey into Federal Currency, 
 Rule. 
 Multiply iho number of pounds by 40, and double 
 the shillings and pence, which add. Divide the pro- 
 duct by 9, and you have the amount required. 
 Should there be a remainder, each unit is 6 pence 
 sterling, or 11 cents, which also add. 
 Reason why. 
 You multiply by 40 because there are 40 sixpences 
 sterling in a pound ; and you divide by 9 because 9 
 sixpences compose a dollar 
 
 Example. 
 Required to know the amount of dollars and cents 
 in J15 15 6 
 
 Multiply by 40 
 
 200 
 Double the shillings and pence, 31 
 Divide by 9;*C1 
 
 25 6 Remainder. 
 Remainder 6x ). 1 = 66, 66 
 
 Answer, $25 66* 
 
 To reduce Federal Currency into Sterling Money-^ 
 reverse the Rule, 
 Example. 
 $25 66 
 Multiply by 9 
 
 Divide by 40 )22.5 
 
 5 25 Remainder. 
 
 25 sixpences f- 2 
 
 = 12*. 6^. add 12 6 
 
 66 cents -<- 11 = 
 
 6 sixpences, or 3 
 
 £5 16 G 
 
 • To which, by adding 9 per cenU, will b« ucerUiued the 
 par vala«. 
 
ss 
 
 PROTECTION SOCIETIES- 
 
 BRITISH PROTECTIVE EMIGRANT 
 SOCIETY, 
 
 Connected with tho St. George's Society of Nev-York, 
 
 iVb 17 Rector Street, 
 
 (late 42 Courtland Street,) 
 
 New-York. 
 
 Mr. O. H. WEBB, Snperintendent. 
 
 IRISH EMIGRANT SOCIETY, 
 
 22 Spruce Street, 
 
 New-York. 
 
 GERMAN EMIGRANT SOCIETY, 
 
 95 Greenwich Street, 
 New-York. 
 
 COMMISSIONERS OF EMIGRATION 
 
 OF THE STATE OF NEW-YORK, 
 
 City Hall, i 
 New-York. 
 
Mendon, Adams Co., Illinois, May 29, 1849. 
 To the Superintendent of the British Protective Society : 
 
 Sir : — Excuse the liberty I lake in adc^ressing you. I am an 
 Epipcopal Clergyman and an Englisliman, and feel anxious lo 
 promote not only the spiritual, but likewise the temporal atTairs 
 of my countrymen. 1 therefore send you this letter, as by doing 
 80 I may be the means of assisting some of my countrymen in 
 finding suitable places of residence. 
 
 There is room in this neighborhood for a large number to 
 come here to reside, o[ farmers, farm laborers, and the different 
 trades people suitable for an agricultural community. Land, 
 both unimproved and improved, can be obtained at a reasonable 
 price. Farm laborers ere exceedingly scarce, and have been 
 for years ; their wages ver\' high. Girls to hire out to work 
 scarcely to bo obtained. All kinds of provisions considerably 
 lower than in the Eastern States. 
 
 Mendon is only fifteen miles from the city of Quincy, on the 
 IMississippi river, where a ready market is found for every kind 
 of farm produce. 
 
 I have travelled considerably in the Stale of Illinois, and I 
 know not of a more healthy portion of it than this, or one more 
 desirable for farming purposcb. 
 
 I have resided bore several years, and from the newspapers 
 I have learned that during those years many thousands of my 
 countrymen have landed in the United Stales, and yet scarcely 
 one out of such a large number has come here to reside. This 
 is rather an out of the way place, it is not directly on the track 
 of emigrants. No Germans or any other foreigners here, only 
 the English language ppoken. 
 
 I can conscientiously recommend and advise a large number 
 of my countrymen, who are farmers, farm laborers, and me- 
 chanics, connected with an agricultural community, to clioose 
 this neighborhood as their residence ; and if tliey are Episcopa- 
 liana, I particularly invite them to come here, as by doing so, 
 they will not only choose a healthy and dctsirable place of resi- 
 dence, and benefit their temporal circumstances, but will also 
 have access to the means of grace to wliich they have been ac- 
 customed in their own country. They will find an Episcopal 
 church here, which is open every Sunday for Divine Worship, 
 and the clergyman a fellow countryman ; whereas, were they to 
 come to this state and choose some other plr.ce of residence, 
 among a largo number of places, they would probably not find 
 either an Episcopal Clergyman cr Church thcnv as there are but 
 very few Episcopal Clergymen or Churches in Illinois. 
 
 I will mention the route for emigrants to thin place. If they 
 wish to travel by the northern route, let them come to Chicago, 
 111., from thence down the Illinois canal and river to St. Louis, 
 thence up the Mississippi to Quiucy ; from whence there is only 
 fifteen miles land travel for them to Mendon. Or they may 
 come via Philaoelphia, Pittsburg, Cincinnati and St. Louis. 
 
 Should any emigrants wish further information before coming 
 here to re«ide, they may address me on the subject. 
 Respectfully yours, 
 
 JOHN SELLWOOD. 
 
40 
 
 NAMES OF OWZOSRS 
 
 OF 
 
 LONDON, LIVERPOOL AND GLASGOW 
 
 WITH TUEIB 
 
 JSuvoptun ^QtntUf 
 
 AND 
 
 Resniar Dajs of Sailint. 
 
 Mesars. GRINNELL &, MINTURN, 
 
 78 South-Btieet, New- York. 
 Their European Agents. 
 Mesars. Chapman, Bowman & Co., 
 •• Fidden, Brothers & Co., 
 
 Both of Liverpool. 
 Messrs. Phillips, Shaw &. Lowthcr, London. 
 
 Mr. ROBERT KER:\I[T,» 
 
 7C South-street, New-York. 
 
 Old Red Star Line, estaHisl.od in ISIU. Ship sails from N«vr- 
 
 York lith day of each month. 
 
 European Ai^ents. 
 
 Messrs. Spooner, Sauds «So Co., Liverpool. 
 
 Ship sails from Liverpool 2Gth day of each month. 
 
 Mr. CHARLES II. MARSHALL, 
 
 38 Burlinjj Slip, New-York. 
 Black Ball Line. Ship sails tne 1st und IGth of each xnonth 
 from New-York. 
 European Agents. 
 Messrs. Barinjf, r».-oihor3 &, Co., 
 
 India Bui'diujTs, Water-st., Liverpool, and 
 Bishops':jat«-atreot, London. 
 Ship sails the let and iGih of each n>onlh from Liverpool. 
 
 • Mr. Robert Kerm.t is well known as tho originator of tho 
 first line of Packotj between LiverpocAl and New- York. 
 
41 
 
 Mesare. SPOFFORD, TILESTON & Co., 
 
 48 South-street, New-York. 
 
 Snip sails from New- York 26ih day of each month. 
 
 European Agcnta. 
 
 Meesrs. Brown, Shij)Iey &, Co., Liverpool. 
 
 Ship sails from Liverpool the 11th day of each month. 
 
 Messrs. FROST, HICKS & Co., 
 
 68 South-street, New-York. 
 European Agentn. 
 Messrs. Rathbone,- Brotliers & Co., Liverpool. 
 
 Messrs. D. & A. KINGSLAND & Co., 
 
 Empire Line, 55 Broad-etroet, New-York. 
 
 European Agents. 
 C. Grimshaw &. Co., Liverpool. 
 
 Messrs. JOHN GRLSWOLD & Co., 
 
 70 South-street, New-York. 
 London Line of Packets from London Docks. 
 
 European Agents. 
 Messrs. Phillipe, Shaw & Lowther, 
 No. 2 Exchange Buildings, Royal Exchange, London. 
 
 Mr. DAVID OGDEN, 
 
 66 Wall-street, New- York. 
 Saint George's Line. 
 European Agents. 
 Messrs. Alexandor Taylor It. Co., 
 
 8 Lauucelot*s Quay, Liverpool. 
 
 Mr. A. WOODHULL, 
 
 South-street, New- York. 
 Glasgow Lino. 
 
 Messrs. GARDINER & HOWELL, 
 
 U4 Soulh-slreot, Now-York. 
 European Afieut, 
 Mr. J. Taylor Crook, XJvorpool. 
 
A»u, Cnpl.O. ir. M.JudUliiM 
 Akuioa, •• A. Uyrio. 
 Amkkkia, " N. Sliuuuon. 
 
 (-AM-^IMiNLV' W. hiMiyldMi, 
 
 42 
 BBITIOH AND NORTH AMERICAN 
 
 DKTWKKN 
 
 NEW-YORK AND LIVERPOOL, 
 
 AND MKTWKKN 
 
 BOSTON AND LIVERPOOL, 
 
 TO LAND ANI» KKCI.IVH MAII.m ANIJ rAr;MKNUKHM. 
 
 l'!uuoi*A, Cupt. V). O, Lott. 
 
 lliiuciiNiA, •• W.J.C.finng. 
 
 NiA<unA, " J. Stonr. 
 
 <'an,\i»\, '• W, HatrliOili 
 
 ('AMtiKU, ■ ■ ('t«pt. .tnlill I<^lt(ll|. 
 PASSagO twM New. York or IIohIou to lilvcr|mol,(!ttbln, l|j»120 
 Do. do. dr.. do. l?d Cubin, 70 
 
 For Frul^Utor l*HHNi»|n», npply l« Samhki. H. I.kwih, 
 
 I r«iiiiiiion^lit| Wlihtf, llnNlnti. or Itrri^ U) 
 
 IS. OVrXAXlD, Jr., 
 
 Nr.w.YouK, Miiy llh, IH I!). 'AH HroadxBay. 
 
 OCKAN STKAAl NAVIGATION 
 
 Htkamkwh ITkhmanm niid Wawhinwton mill from Now»York or\ 
 tlin tJdlli of ov«ry iiioiilli, lo S<i\ill>t«iMptun iiixl l<r«Miirn, rroiu 
 l(r<Mii(<ii, dtiriii); (lin Itlocliiulo, on tlin lljili, tuid fioni Soulliiuiip* 
 tou thn *J()tl) of rvrry iiiniillt, An ikkhi iim llm Mockitdo of tun 
 WcHor cPiiHi-H, (ho StouMKMH will lotivo lliul port on tiko 15tl» of 
 ovory iiM'iiili. 
 
 Prion Ol' 1*IIMHI^J«« 
 
 from Ninv-Voik In li*t (!ubln, l|l»l']0 \ LM Cnhln, :««;:) 
 
 '• Jtrrmon iV Nuut!miMplon»dj i;>0;V.M i\o m 
 
 JMHW-VOIlIt A I.IV73IirOOIi 
 
 ij. s. MAiJi stuam-sikp company. 
 
 ATi.ANrio, I AttCTH', j Ivniiono, 
 
 l*Acirro, I A.NTAiu Tir, | 
 
 To iml Iwiro n moiitli fur «'i'flit miMilli'' of »iio yrtir, ntid onoo ft 
 niiMitli tor four hionlliN, 
 n. K. (JOliMNn, Afront, Ncw-Yovk, 
 BROWN, l^IIirLBY At Co., LivorpooL 
 
43 
 
 rniinir nojcMArj a oo. 
 
 WASHINGTON OTRECT, (nkauCi'.i.aii-SiwkictO 
 N c U) - Y V k . 
 
 TiiiN 1'%lnl)lin)iiiiniit r<)rwiu<li« l*itNnnii{fon« nt {\\t\ v(>ry lowoMt 
 ruloM, riiMii Ndw-VoiU to llin InliMiur HolllninniklM ui' Nuilli 
 AiiKirii'ii hikI ili«i Citiiiiiluri, 
 
 V, II. iV Co, liuvo liivd iituiiy \tM\Tn* oxporii'itcA in fdrwitnliui; 
 lwnij;riiiiln to llirir j>|iiri'M of (li'itliiiulioii — llwMf iiiohih boiiiK 
 ninpin to ouivi'y nny tuiiubor by (^'unul, KulUHoud ur Sloniiior, 
 tu nil purlM of tlii> Uiiiun. 
 
 ('i)in|ioliti()ii provonlN Ihrir Hlutin;; tho pripcn, wliiojj urn oou- 
 utmilly Uurlnnlinir ; Ixil IIiIn niiicli in ^iinriiiit<>«<l, vi/. < 'I'liat tlio 
 lowoNl poiiNiblo rutt'H urn iuvuriubly rximdrd to all wlm may 
 ftviiil llioiiiMrlvoa of llnMf convoycii crn, whicU uro of Ibo fiint 
 rln^i KM ri'l{i(r<)M n|io mI itlltl itiM'diiiiiiniliiliou, 
 
 i*. 11. iV. <!o., by ii(l<i|illii|( lltiM iiinilo of ilolni; biiNliirM Kl'o lloNV 
 ht llio liouil of tlioir |>riirriiMi()ii, tho Inr^oNt furwitrdlii^ u^onlN in 
 i;.«i Uiiilr.l SlutcN of Amrrion. 
 
 N. It. INoaMO copy ndilrohN. 
 
 £^'^^^ PASSAGE i*.,'^> 
 
 ■b^ . . . V « m^ ••• 
 
 I'liOM (JUKAT inilTAm AND linir.ANI) IJY Tllli 
 OUKJINAI. "llLAClv HTAir LINK Ol' I'ACKKTM. 
 
 TlioKo wiMbinj; lo iniiUo (irrmiffomrnlH lo bilii/^ otit llioir fiinndi 
 from llin «)|:| rouulry rt>n Ncriiro llioir putiiujio by Ibft nbovo liiiio 
 of Hplcudid Tuckol .'^hipK ho fuvori\bly known for tlioir )iiinctuulity 
 in mtiiiiiK. (tiid tlirir vry Miipoiior noiontninilHtlonH (or imrnnn- 
 gnm, by rulliiiijou Uio •SulmoriborM.""'riio oriirini\l " Ulurk Slur" 
 liiiin In wnll known to bo ooiiip<)H«^d of Noiiio of tlm jiirjrnptt uud 
 lln«f I KJilpn ftllout, nn»»t of tlioiii ww. 'I'liry arc llm 
 
 CaM-.H (JlllMlillAW, HaIIIUNIA, ('aKOMC, NlAOAKA, 
 
 \V||l«'ONil|N, riUNt'KTONi CnUNI'I.U, l.ltlfiinTYi 
 
 l''ANOilON| AmKUIUAi (lui.tiMiniM, OlIlO, 
 
 nnil kuoti olbom nn n»ny bo rfl<p»lrrd lo koop itp a wnokly lino* 
 NVhrn lliowo H«'lllnd f»»r dcclino i'oinintj <>••'< t'l" p»w«i«k'" Hionoy 
 will b« rolnriMM'. iim uhuuI williout nny Uodnotion. Apply to 
 SAMUCL TIZOllPSOM & NCPZICW, 
 
 VITA M'nirl'Btrertf jy\ 1\ 
 Or lo C. GKIM.SIIAW A. Co., 10 (Jorno Tiur/.a^ or 
 
 60 Wutorluo l{onJ, r/ivorpool. 
 Dmrtu, or V'xcbanno )iuynbIo ul h\^\\1, nro hI«o fnruinlind for 
 nny nuiount, nnd oun lio Mo<inr«'d on nil llio UriknnbnM of llio 
 ^ulionnl lUnk of Iroland, tlin Norlliorn Kiinkini; (<o,. tho Hi* 
 hrrnlan nitnk, llm NiaionnI Uank uf Kootlnnd i on U. C. Olyu 
 & Co., Dnnkrm. London \ C. Grimiihftw 4c Co , Liverpool. 
 Apply tut Mbovf . 
 
4t 
 
 E. W. KIMDALL & Co. 
 
 DUNKXN, ZCKIVXDALL Ac Co^ Liverpool, 
 
 TloBpcclfullv liilorin tlicir fricMuln and tli« pnblio, timt they eon- 
 tinuotho .^MIIM'ING imd COMMISSION JIUSINKSS. to- 
 jrother with the GKNKUAL TASSKNUKU UUSINESS, 
 prRiitinpccrlifiriitcB of pn^Hajjo fnim London, lilvcrpool, Dublin, 
 Jli'Ifiirtt, or nny jmrt of tlu* Old ('(unitry to iNow-N'ork, Jl«>»loii 
 nnd riiil«d«|i»|iin oil tlio iiKmt r<Mi«.(uiul>ln tfmif<. 
 
 DriiflH uiid liilh of r.xcliiintit* Irom X'l to «ny amount, on tho 
 Uoyal Bunk of Iroland nnd iln brfinclicM, und on Livcr|)ooI. 
 
 'I'ho dayH of Hailinfj of tho Kojrnlnr Lino of Liverpool Pnckcti 
 at fixed upon, iiro tho l»t, Cth, lllh, lOlli, tilnt und i2(ith of 
 cv«'ry inonlh. 
 
 'J'hoHO MhipH nro nil of tho Inrc^iNt cli»".i, and nro conimiind(*d 
 by nu'ii of churacler nnd oxpcrionco. Tho oabin uccominodu- 
 tioUN luo all that ran b<> (hfiirid in point of hphMuJor, roinforl nnd 
 convonieufo. 'I'lioy aro fiiiiiiHh« d with rv(»ry doHrription of 
 KtorcN of tho bi'Ni, kind, runduuliiy in thu dayH of Huilini; will 
 bo Hlriclly ndhcroti to. 
 
 rackot-HJiipji ItminiuB, RiddonH, Shcrldnn, Durlinfjton, Albanin, 
 nnd (JarricU uro viMt;*olii of ilio lar|^rn. cImmh; and tho^o dfoirouH 
 t«i brin;? onl thrir friiMwIn, «Miniiot hUmI linor or nafiT hhlpn. 
 rttrmaijo ran bo «o«mmo«I at tht< lowoNt rul«'N. 
 Now Orb<aiiM Lino of ruckotH Mail weekly. 
 Sliip for ('aliforniii monthly. 
 Tor I'Voijiht or I'uawajM^ "I'l^'y '^'* 'djovo. 
 
 D. LEECH &, Oo.'s 
 
 Tor forwnrdin'j ISifMi-ii^jorM and their Lu>^j:fa|^o to 
 
 PlTTSIiUlWII, CIN<MNNATL LOUISVILLK, AND 
 
 ST. LOUIS, 
 
 and nil purtu of the Wi-Mtern (\umtry. 
 
 Onirra, No, 7 W«<*l-Blrr«l, Nf««--Vork, 
 
 ttt nnd 15 South Third Street, riiiliidelphiit, and tho 
 
 Canal Jlanin, ritlMburjjh. 
 
 Pu«HonRern nro forwi\rdrd dally, nnd nt tho IowonI rat.»« of 
 furo by tiio nbove well-known Lino to all parts of tho West. 
 The corB nnd boatw nre of the larpjest nnd most comfortable kind, 
 nn<l every uttontion paid to lll(^ rmurort and M«curity of tho 
 I'liNKen^rfH. 
 
 B. LI3I3CIZ 6l Co. 
 
 7 Weat-street, Ntto-York. 
 
U 50 
 
 n 00 
 
 3 25 
 
 4 25 
 
 n 25 
 C 75 
 8 25 
 
 3 25 
 3 75 
 
 3 75 
 
 4 25 
 
 45 
 
 145 Wanbin{rton-Ktroot. and 7 Wost-itroot, 
 
 Forward Pi\8flpnj;rr8 daily at the lowest ratOH, 
 From Now-York lo nnlVuIo, .... 
 •• •• to C;i.>vrliind, . 
 
 " •• lo Uoiroit, 
 
 •• *• lo any Tort on Lsiko Michigan 
 
 Chicago, Mi'waukie, 
 " •' toCinciiiniiti, . 
 
 ** *' to Lonisvillo, Ky., 
 
 " •• to St. LouiH, . 
 
 CANADA PORTS. 
 
 " '• to Port IIopo, C. W., 
 
 •' *• to Kiii^vtou, 
 
 •' •• to Toronto, 
 
 " •• to Hamilton, 
 
 They arc Agents for the old established Houao of D. LEECH 
 & Co., of Pitubur^rl) and Philadelphia, aod forward Passengers 
 by tiiat route at tlic lowest rates of fare. 
 
 HZ]^7DSS & Co. 
 
 JOHN ALLEN^S 
 American Inland Passage Line. 
 
 Licenfed by AuthorUij of the State end City of Niic- York for Uu 
 
 PROTECTION OF E:\I1GUANTS AND OTHERS, 
 
 Forward Passengers and their Baggage, daily, at the lowest 
 
 rates, to the following places, viz : 
 Utica, Cleveland, Racine, St. Louis, 
 
 Syracuse, Sandusky, Sou^hport, Galena, 
 Onwego, Toledo, Chicago, Toronto &, Hamilton. 
 
 Rochester, Detroit, Pittsburgh, Kingston, 
 
 Buffalo, Milwaukio, Ciacinnati, 8. Johns & Montreal. 
 
 Also to any part of 
 Ohio, Indiana, Wisconeinf 
 
 Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, 
 
 Kentucky, Iowa, Tennesseo, 
 
 Upper and Lower Canada. 
 Passengers will consult their interests by making their engage- 
 ments with this Company, as they will be forwarded securely, 
 cheaply, and expeditiously. 
 
 Office, 157 Cedar-btreet, Neio-York, 
 JOHSar ALXiSZ7. 
 
46 
 
 HZr^DZSS & CO., 
 
 7 West-Street, and 145 Washlngton-itreet, 
 
 157 Cedar-street» 
 
 Ncto*yovft. 
 
 WOLF 56 RESCHMULLER, 
 
 159 Washington-street, 
 
 NEW-TORS. 
 
 W. & J. T. TAPSCOTT & Co., 
 
 86 Sonth-street, 
 
 NEIV.YORK. 
 
 A CARD. 
 
 TO SINGLE GENTLEMEN. 
 
 ilTr0. lUljitc, 
 
 OF 255 J- GUEEN'WICH-STREET, NEW-YORK, 
 Has excellent accommodations for 8inp;lo (rentlenien visiting the 
 States, at which address jrood and eubstaiitial Board, and kind 
 . treatment to parties, is afforded at modcruto rates. 
 
 Breakfast at 7 o'clock ; Dinner at 1 o'clock ; Tea and Supper 
 at G o'clock. 
 
 ID" Permanent Lodgers, . .. $2 75 per Week. 
 
47 
 
 TEE OTABEg, 
 
 T II A IVI E r4 8 T R B: K T , IV H AV - Y O R K , 
 
 BY CHARLES COX. 
 
 The rroprii'tor of Iho S^i^-ID'IS ?J respectfully informs 
 the Pubhc, CRpccially the HKl llSIl arrivinfj ut or remdingf in 
 New-York, thnt this old ostablished liostclry has lately undergone 
 extensive and elaboruto repairs and decorations, and that ho haa 
 always on hand, 
 
 WINFH ANO ^4X>IRIT8 
 Of the best quality, to;:ctlior witii 
 
 LONDON & DUBLIN STOUT. SCOTCH AhTi, &c 
 
 STEAKS, CHOPS, WELSH RABBITS St POACHED EGGS, 
 
 served up in the usual Enjrlish style. 
 
 HOT JOINTS FllOM 12 TO 3 o'cLOCK DAILY, 
 
 N. B. The principal London newspapers taken in weekly. 
 
 ' HOTEL BY THE "CYMRO." 
 
 JAMES REES, late of the oriRinul Shades, respectfully in- 
 forms his friends that he has opened a new house, No. 4 Murray- 
 street, called 
 
 which he has fitted up in the best style. His Wines, Ales, and 
 other Liquors cannot be excelled. Chops, Steaks, Foached Ek^js, 
 Welsh Kabbits, and every kind of relish, of superior quality, 
 M'ith unrivalled cooking. 
 
 N. B. Private Rooms, handsomely furnislied, with excellent 
 rooms for supper or dinner parties, referee parties, &c. Lunch 
 •very day from 11 to 1. 
 
 No. 18 Circcnwich-Htrcct, near the Battery, 
 
 The EAQLE is a new house, and will be found in every 
 respect equal to any, and surpassed by none, as an Emitjrant 
 Boarding House. It is convenient to the Albany, Boston, Phila- 
 delphia, Providence, and other Steam Boats ; and particular at- 
 tention is paid to the comfort and convenience of Emigrants. 
 We give below a statement of prices, which will be found 
 moderate and no extortion, (so common amongst many,) or de- 
 viation will be made from them. 
 
 Board and Lodging, per week, . . . $3 50 
 «' •* per day, ... 75 
 
 Single Meal, 25 
 
 *• Night's Lodging, .... 25 
 
48 
 
 T A P S C TT 'S 
 
 AND 
 
 FOREIGN EXCHANGE OFFICES. 
 
 W. 6l J, T. TAPSCOTT, 
 
 86 Souih-Btreet, cor. burling Slip, New-York. 
 
 'WTfl. TAPSCOTT <& Co., 
 
 St. Ucor^e's Buildings, Kejrem's Road, Liverpool. 
 
 The Subscribere continue to engage Pasaeugers (and are the 
 only PassenjTer Agents) for 
 
 THE W:] UilL CF LIVERPOOL PACKETS. 
 
 iS/ujis. Burthen. 
 
 Queen of the West, (new,) ... 1250 tons. 
 
 Sheridan, ...... nuO " 
 
 Constitution, (new,) 1500 " 
 
 Gakrick, HOG " 
 
 HoiTINGUER, . - - - - -1150" 
 
 RosciL's, 1150 " 
 
 Livfini'ooL, (new,) ..... 1250 " 
 
 8IDDON8, 1100 " 
 
 UNION LINE CF UIVERPOOLPACKETS, 
 Comprising in part tbe Mortimer Livingston, America, Colum- 
 bus, Kappuhannock, Mamiion, Ivanboe, Sea, Orphan, Metoka, 
 Judah 'I'ouro, Sea Queen, Emma AV'atts, Minesota, LeouidaB, 
 Sumoset, Euxine, Samuel tlicks, &;c., &c. And the 
 
 St. George's Line of Liverpool Packets, 
 
 Comprising the St. George, St. Patrick, Andrew Foster, &,c., 
 and many other firt<t class I'ackets. 
 
 The isolation Line of Packets, comprising 24 
 Ships, sailing on the Ist, bth, iGlli, and 2Uh of each month. 
 
 The Glasgow luiuc of Packets, sailing from New- 
 York and Glat'gow on the 1st ami 15lli of each month. 
 
 To Emigrants to the Tar West.— w. & J. T. T. 
 
 having tho most extended urran;j;eMie2it8 for conveying Passengers 
 from New-York to the Far \Vest, of any house in the Trade, 
 they are enabled to ofler them any modo of conveyance, whethar 
 Kail Koad, Canal, or Steamboat, and at prices us low as aro 
 usually paid for the worst pctssible conveyance, and with a cer- 
 tainty of tlieir not being subjoeted to any delay or imposition on 
 the route. 
 
 '^. 6l J. rj. TAPSCOTT, 
 
 At their Gentral Kinigration and Foreign Exchange Ojfice^ 
 ^lO Moiilli-strcef, rVew-York. 
 
ST. GEORGE'S SOCIETY 
 
 KE W-Y(DiaE, 
 
 Officers for the Year 1849-50. 
 
 ELECTED lOlh JTANUARV, 1S40. 
 
 President. 
 
 JOHN C.BEAI.ES,M.D.5I3 Broadway. 
 
 First Vice-President. 
 
 J. LEANDER STARR, 71 Wdll-»treet 
 
 Second Vice-President. 
 
 WILLIAM YOUNO, 3 P.artlay Street. 
 
 Treasurer. 
 
 ROBERT BAG E, 120 Maidco Lane. j 
 
 Secretaries. ! 
 
 EDWARD WALKER. 114 Fulton Street, ; 
 JOHN T. WALKER, 53 Exchaoge Place. 
 
 Stewards. 
 
 J. C. WELL3. 17 WhII Street. 
 
 G. B. BROWN. 411 Wathiugton Street 
 
 H. JEPSUP.91 John Street. 
 
 T. K.NOCK, 172 Broadway. 
 
 Committee of Accounts. 
 
 TH09. DIXON, 51 William Street. 
 R. N. TINSv)N. 339 Broadway. 
 CHA8. CLIFTON, 3* Cedar SlreeU 
 
 Cbaplains. 
 
 Ret. JOHN M. WAIN VV RIGHT, D. D., 
 
 10 Hul»ert Street. 
 Rkt. FRANCIS VINTON, D. D., Brooklyn. 
 
 Physicians. 
 
 JOHN C. BE ALES. .M. D., 543 Broadway. 
 R. PENNELL..M. O., 94 Chambers St. 
 G. A. SAIUNK. M. D., 347 Fourth Street. 
 JOS. BRADSHAW. M. D., II Barclay 8l 
 R. II JACKSON, M. D . 120 Cherry St. 
 Dr. L. BAKKER.55 Franklin Street 
 
 Charitable Committee. 
 
 GEORGE SHAW, 40 Stone Street. 
 
 CHARLES PIT r. 17 Third Avenun. 
 
 C. LQWTIIER. 4i2 Washington Street. 
 
 C. B. ELLLMAN,211 Pearl Street. 
 
 Mb. SOTHER. VictoriaCottage, Brooklyn. 
 
 Emigrrant Committco> 
 
 JOHN S. BA RTLE f T. 86 William Street 
 RICH'D RELL. HR.iover St, cor. Exc. PI. 
 JOHN CONNAH. 16 Reaver Slrpct 
 RICHARD IKVIN.98Froni Street 
 MATTIIhW RUDSDALE, 51 Brond St 
 G. W. TAYLOR.. 23d St near 5ih A«enae. 
 ANTHONY BARCLAY, 58 BarcUy St 
 W. D CUTHBKRTSON, 61 Water St 
 SEPTIMUS CROOKS, 28 CI'fT Street. 
 HENRY JESSUP.91 John Street 
 T. KNOCK. 172 Broadway. 
 B. H. DOWNING, 2«3 Jay St, Brooklyn. 
 
 JOHN MACKIE, Collector. 
 
TO BRITISH EMIGRANTS. 
 
 British Protective Emigrant Society, 
 
 COXNECTKD WITII THK 
 
 Saint ©eorgc'0 SocUtg of ^ttu-'IJork, 
 
 (an incorpohateu society,) 
 
 Oaieet 17 Itector'ttreely /IVtr-Ilprlt, 
 
 (Late 42 Cortlandt-etreet.) 
 
 Dx. JOHN O. BEAIES, President of St. George Society. 
 ANOTHONY BARCLAY, E»q., RICILA.IID IRVIN, Esq., Prest. St. 
 
 British Consul, Andrews Soc. 
 
 THOMAS DIXON, Esq. SEPTIMUS CROOKES, Esq. 
 
 EDWARD F. SANDERSON, Esq. B. H. DOWNING, Esq. 
 JAMES BOORMAN. Esq. THOMAS KNOCK, Esq. 
 
 WM. D. OUTHEERTSON.Esq. MATTHEV/ RUDSDALE, Esq. 
 JAMES B. ELLir.TAN, Esq. RICHARD BELL, Esq. 
 
 JOHN S. BARTLETT, Esq. JOHN OONNAH, Esq. 
 
 OHAS. EDWARDS, Esq., Counsellor and Solicitor to B. P. E. Society. 
 CHARLES IZ. WEED, Superintendent. 
 
 The " Hritisji Protective E.MiciRANT Society" was e6taS!;^hed in 
 1844, expressly lor the purpose of protfxtinq Emigrants i-jiom fraud 
 AND iMi'osiTiov ; and it ur^jes iip«»u them the necessity, on arrival at 
 New-York, of iimking iinrnediute application to the Society, at the 
 ollicc No. 17 Reclor-bl reel, where they will receive correct information 
 and advice, *'frCG of Cliarg"C»" relative to routes, expenses of 
 travelling, and all lualtera connected with their future prospects iu a 
 "Btran;;e land." 
 
 O* Einiijfranta are particularly cautioned against persons whom 
 they first meet on arrival at this port, e:specially those who would 
 endeavor to prevent their applying to this Society ; as by lendin^j au 
 ear to these pretended profcjsionH of aHsistance and friendship, they 
 aro ceriuiu of fiudiMjr iheiurtolves imposed upon ! 
 
 The Society desires to impress upon the minds of Emigrants that 
 its object is simply to give advice, //<;« of chnr<^e^ and to caution thcin 
 Bf^aiiibt the numorous frauds and impositions to which they are sub- 
 jected, and to direct them how to proceed to their resi>ective places of 
 destination safely and economically. The Society has no agoutij either 
 in Great Britain or Ireland, neither has it, nor any of its members, 
 any thinjj to do in promotiiija; Emigration, nor with any agent or com- 
 pany connected with the purchase or disposal of lands to Emigrants, 
 before or after their arrival ; nor is it associated, either directly or 
 indirectly, with any party engaged in the business of forwarding emi- 
 g r a n t- p asse n ge rs. 
 
 NexL'York, A^rii %\d, 1841). 
 ^ The applicants to the British Proteotivo Emgrant Society, from 
 its commencement, have been as followi : 
 
 English, - - - - 1GG8 Employment obtained for 1273 
 
 Scotch, .... 53-3 " •• 386 
 
 Irish, 120G " •• 809 
 
 Welsh, . * - . 229 " '* 125 
 
 Canada, N.Scotia and W. Indies, 125 '♦ •« 74 
 
 Besides 45,000 who have applied for advice, and whose names aro 
 registered to June 30th, 1849. 
 17 Rector-street, New-York. 
 
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 AUTO DISC CiRC JUL 26 '93 
 
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