/r/' 7 i / ^-^^1 /^/y^ 1)U. U. GKEY'S MEMOIUA TECHNICA, OK MKTHUU Ol ARTIFICIAL MEMORY, Applied to I'.iul cxcMnplilicd in filllONOLOGY, I GEOGKArilY, HISTORY, I ASTRONOMY. ALSjO, JEWISH, GRECIAN, AND ROMAN COINS, WEIGHTS, MEASURES, &c. TO WlilLlI AllL .SL'liJOINtL), LOWE'JS xMNEMONICS DELINEATED, IN VARIOUS BRANCHES OF LITEUATUUE AND SCIENCE. A NEW EDITION, COIUiECTElJ. OXFOiiD, rillNTKD FOR J. VINCENT: G. B. WiiiTiAhLu; SiJirKiN and Marshall j and J. Duncan, London. 1824. PREFACE. ^_ It may be proper to acquaint the reader with what improvements have been made in this work since its tirst pubhcation. In the tables of the patriarchs and ancient kings, care has been taken to signify, Avith the utmost brevity, the relation which every person bore to his immediate predecessor. In the geographical part, besides the adding of many remarkable places both in ancient and present geography, the memorial lines for the general and particular divisions have many of them been formed anew, with particular regard to the situ- ation of the respective kingdoms, provinces, or coun- tries into which those divisions have been made j so that every line is in some measure the epitome of a map. The tables of ancient coins, weights, and mea- sures have been carefully reviewed, and very much augmented ; and decimal tables subjoined, of great use for the more speedy and exact reduction of them. There is likewise added an Index of the historical, chronological, and geographical words; of the useful- ness of which is given an account in the proper place. Besides these, there are several alterations and additions of less moment, interspersed throughout the whole; such as either my own experience or the judgment of my friends had suggested to me, in order to render the design more useful. I shall not trouble the reader with the reasons of them, which, if he compares the editions, he will very probably find out himself: nor do I think it necessary to apologize for having made them, since it could not be expected that an invention of this kind a 2 1053577 IV PREFACE. should be so perfect at first, as not to be capable of being considerably improved. And I was the more willing to bestow some care and pains upon it, and to give it what improvement I was able, in return for the favourable reception it has met with from the public, beyond what was expected by myself or others. An Art of Memory has by many been looked upon as a thing either in itself impracticable, or, at least, in the common iTiethods of it, useless and trifling. And I was sensible that the following method would lie under the additional disadvantage of a Avhimsical and out of the way appearance ; besides that, the seeming diffi- culty of it at first sight would, I foresaw, deter many from so mucli as attempting to make themselves masters of it. Notwithstanding these discouragements, it has had the good fortune to give some satisfaction, and to meet with some success ; and will, I hope, continue to be looked upon as an useful help to those who delight in reading, and would retain what they had read with faithfulness and accuracy, particularly in such points wherein their memories are most likely to fail them. The objections which have been made to it from the difficulty of remembering the memorial lines would most effectually be removed by habituating young minds to them betimes, by the frequent transcribing and repetition of them. The technical words would by this means become natural and familial", and of no small advantage to them in the course of their future studies J they would be easily received and long re- tained. But I shall say no more upon this point, hav- ing already touched upon it in the Introduction ; to which also I refer the reader for what might further be expected by way of Preface. INTRODUCTION. It is a greneral complaint amongst men of reading, and to many a discouragement from it, that they find themselves not able to retain what they read Avith any certainty or exactness. And in no part of literature is there greater room for this complaint than in History: to the studying of which with pleasure and improve- ment, as nothing contributes more, so nothing has been thought more difficult to be retained, than a distinct and accurate knowledge of Chronology and Geographi/. Upon this account several attempts have been made to remedy, in some measure, the defects of the memory, by chronological and geographical tables, cuts, and maps, and by reducing the principal parts of history to certain epochas or seras, so disposed and contrived, as may be most likely to affect the imagination, and make the deeper impression upon the mind. Thus Mr. Hearne, in his Ductor Historicus, has reduced the whole com- pass of chronology to thirteen grand epochas, all be- ginning with the letter C. Dean Prideaux, in his In- troduction to History, has made use of the number seven, throughout his whole book ; " not out of affec- " tation (as lie tells us) but experience, as most easy for " the memory ," with others of the like nature, which serve at least to shew that the memory wants assistance, and that small helps are better than none. P>ut of all tlie inventions made use of for this end, none has been found to contribute more to the assistance of the memory tlian that of technical verses; both as they generally contain a great deal in a little compass, and also because being once learned, they are seldom or never forgot. For the truth of which I may venture to appeal to the weakest memories, whether they have a 3 vi INTRODUCTION. not to the last found themselves in possession of that ever-memorable lincj Barbara Celarent Darii Ferio Baralipton. Of this nature is the following method ; the design of which is, not to make the memory better, but things more easy to be remeinhered ; so that by the help of it, an ordinary, or even a weak memory, shall be able to retain -what the strongest and most extraordinary memory could not retain without it. For, as he, who first contrived to assist the eye with a telescope, did not by that pretend to give sight to the blind, or make any alteration in the eye itself, but only to bring the objects nearer, that they might be viewed more accu- rately and distinctly; so neither is it pretended "by this art to teach those to remember every thing who never could remember any thing ; or to make men in an instant skilful in sciences which before they were utterly unacquainted with ; but only to enable them to retain, with certainty and exactness, what they have already a general and competent knowledge of: that they may not be obliged upon every occasion to have fresh recourse to their books or m.aps, or be under the tiresome necessity of reading the same things again and again, still forgetting them as fast as they read them. To those who may object, of what use is it to be thus exact, and content themselves with an imperfect and confused remembrance of -what they read ; it might be answered, that such as think it of no use, need not, as I presume they will not, trouble themselves about it; this being designed for the benefit of those only who think it is of use ; and who, even at the expence of a little pains, v/ould remember if they could : but, besides this, I believe it will be agreed on all hands, that to instance in history only, a man who has an exact notion of time and place, finds incomparably * Haec ars tota habet banc vim, non ut totum aliquid cujus in ingeniis nostris pars nulla fit, pariat et procreet ; verum ut ea, quae sunt orta jam in nobis et procreata, educat atque confirmet, Cicero de Oratorc, lib. ii. edit. C. Steph, p, 182. INTRODUCTIOX. %ii more pleasure, ami makes a speedier progress in that study, than he who has not. I shall here beg leave to trnnscril)e a passage from Addison's Dialogues, upon the VsfJ'ulneis of Ancient Medah: " There is one advantage, says Eugenius, ' that seems to me very considerable, which is the ' great liclp to memory one finds in medals : for my ' own part, I am very much embarrassed in the ' names and ranks of the several Roman emperors, ' and find it diflicult to recollect upon occasion the ' different parts of tlieir history: hut your mediiUists, ' upon tlie first naming of an emperor, will imme- ' diatcly tell you his age, family, and life. To re- ' member where he enters in tlie succession, they only ' consider, in what i)art of the cabinet he lies j and ' by running over in their thoughts such a particular ' drawer, will give ycu an account of all tlie remark- ' able parts of his reign." If this be such a. considerable advuntase in medals, 1 hope it will be allowed that the following method is of some use, since by it a man may be enabled to remember when any en)peror, from Julius Cajsar to Jovian, began his reign, and that as readily as you can name him, by the help of no more than seven memorial lines. The like he may do, with the same ease and readiness, by the kings of England, and so proportionably for any other part of sacred or pro- fane history. For, how impracticable soever it may seem at first view, I have reason to believe, that any reader of a common capacity may, by a regular pro- ceeding and ordinary application, be able readily and exactly to answer most, if not all, the questions that can be proposed, from the following tables. The manner in which I •would advise him to pro- ceed (after having premised that he must not be too hasty at first, but make himself' master of one thing '' Assumendiis usus paulatim, ut pauca primum complcctamur animo quae reddi fideliter possint : mox per incremcnta tam mo- dica ut onerari se labor illc non scniiat, augenda usii et exercita- tione multa contincnda est, quae quidem maxima ex i)arte memoria constat. Qitmiilianus, lib. x. edit. Gibson. Ox. p. 534. VIU INTRODUCTION. before he proceeds to another, beginning with such particulars as he has most occasion or inclination to retain) is this. First, let him learn to explain the several memorial lines, according to the method here- after to be laid down, by consulting the tables to which they belong. 2. This done, let him, by look- ing upon the tables, learn to make out the lines ; and 3. Let him charge his memory with them, hy frequent repetition. By this means the words will become familiar, how harsh and uncouth soever they may appear at first; and he will find it as easy to know the diameter, distance, and magnitude of any planet ; the particular time or age of any remarkable person or thing; the longitude and latitude of any place, and the like, as it is to remember their names : the whole art being in eflFect nothing more than this ; to make such a change in the ending of the name of a place, person, planet, coin, &c. without altering the begin- ning of it, as shall readily suggest the thing sought, at the same time that the beginning of the word, being pre- served, shall he a leading or prompting syllable to the ending of it so changed. I would willingly here let the reader a little more into my meaning, which he may not otherwise so rea- dily apprehend, lest he should think there is more difficulty in the matter than there really is. I would ask him, then, if he thinks he could remember to call Cyrus, Cyruts; DanicI, Dan'iull; ALExander the Great, A\exita ; Julius Caesar, Julio* Cassar; or Ma- HOMet, Mihomaudd. If he can but do this, he has nothing else to do (when he is once master of the general key, and knoAvs what letters of the alphabet stand for what figures) in order to remember, without any possibility of being mistaken, that the years in which Cyrus, Alexander, and Julius Caesar founded their respective monarchies, were as follow : Before Christ Cyrus [CyrM/.?] 536 ALExander [Alexifa] 331 Julius Caesar [^Julios] 46 And that the Mahometan aera, or fliglitof Mahomet, INTRODUCTION. ix was A. D. 622. — III like manner for Geography. Does he tliiiik lie could rcmeiiiber to call I\lAi)uid Madroij-t, or jKitusalem Jurula-ts, or liLENHEini Blenhchav, or TiiEssaly Thesy'an ? This is all that is rcciuired, to remember that tlic degree of latitude of Madrid is about 40, and the '^ longitude about 3. The latitude of Jerusaletn about 31, and the longi- tude 36; that lilcnheim is in Bavaria, and that what was the ancient Thcssaly is the present Janna. Thus the reader will observe, tluit all that he has to do, is for one word to remember another, which only varies from it a little in the termination'^. And to make even this easier to be remembered, the technical words are thrown into the form of common Latin verse, or at least of something like it. For as there was no necessity to confine myself to any rules of quantity or position, I hope I need make no apology for the liberty I have taken in having, without regard to either, and perhaps now and then witiiout so much as a regard to the just number of feet, only placed the words in such order as to make thein run most easily off the tongue, and succeed each other in the most natural manner. But this by the way for the reader's encouragement. In the mean time, till he can repeat the viC7norial lines, and to those who are not willing to give them- selves any trouble at all in charging their memory with them, the tables themselves will not be without their use 3 of which it may be expected that I should give some account. ^ The reader is presumed to be so far acquainted with geo- graphy, as to be able to tell which U eastern and which is western longitude, when he is informed that the first meridian is fixed at London. d In many words the variition is very small : as K. John K. J«/«7i, iNachus Inakus, SOlon Soluii, HekodoIus Herodofus, PlaIo P\aluk, TRAJAn Truydnk, CLEorAxra Cieopat/d, G)Kdian Gordin, the battle of MAUATHon Maralhy/zc, AiTila Alli/a, CiicEsus Croes/iSf, Ausxin Austin,?, 70 D 9 D 60 D 80 "I 200. = il9. Ergo annus erat 419 juxta computum Juda:- orum minorem, de quo videsis chronologicas nostras institutioncs. Sic et prophetae impressi dicuntur pD? ^VH *J KIZ/D JlJli'D. Anno Oints vallis visionis computi mmoris. Is. xxii. Ubi literae X'\r[ 'J N!i;0 valent 420. Frontispicium autem ad n3*3ir»D sive Hagiographa impressum est auno ^S^H/K I^3KK3 CD01D3 scripta Digito Dei, ubi primae duae literas vocis Q01DD annum eundem 420 significant. Nam H valet 400, et D 20. Hunc etiam in modum Talmud Basileae impressum dicitur rhU) DHD r\W TOl^? Anno re4emptionem misit populo sua. p.-. cxi. Ubi literse vocis TTli/ valent 338. Denique Seder Tephilloth Hispaniensis INTRODUCTION. xv 15everidge's ArUlimcllcfv Chronolorricn. And indeed I am not certain whether I owe not to observations of this kind, the first hint of this method, which I have carried so far, and which doubtless, like all other in- ventions, is still capable of further improvements. What is added of the miscellany kind, is a small part of what I had drawn up for my own use, and shews how easily this art may be applied to almost every part of learning. If upon the whole this at- tempt shall be found to contribute to the more sjjeedy attainment of useful knowledge, and to give men of reading, instead of an imperfect and confused re- membrance of what they read, a satisfactory certainty and exactness, as I cannot think the little time I have spent upon it ill bestowed in respect of my own im- provement, so I shall be glad that it proves of as much benefit to others as I have found it to myself. sive Juda?orum Hispanoruiu liturgia ingeniosissime impres- i dicitur JlNfri Hyil^ Hoc Anno, i. e. Anno tlS, quern literae DHtn indigitant. Lib. i. c. 6. p. 211,212. 4to. 16G9. b 2 Recommendatory Character of GliEY'S MEMOHIA TECII- NICA, "uirdten hij the Reverend Mr. Lawson, some years Head Master of a Foundaticn Grammar School, at JVolverhampton ; given in the preface if a work j.ulliihed by him fur the use of his pupils. The probable reaions why Grey's Mfmoria Technica has not been more generally received in Grammar Schools, where any separate regard is paid to History and Chronology, are, that it abounds with matter which has not a strict relation to classical authors, aud that it is extended to branches of knowledge, such as Geography, Astronomy, &c. where the necessity of the art is not so evident, and the difficulty of aj^plication much greater. In defence of this art as a subsidiary aid to young persons in History and Chronology, I will not say, that by the help of it the weakest memory may be able to retain what the strongest could not retain without it ; but I have no scruple in recommending it to those who wish to avoid the necessity of perpetual recurrence to chronological maps or tables, and who prefer accuracy and fidelity to confused recollection and imperfect remembrance. It does not indeed confer a new faculty, but it teaches us to manage with skill the capacity of the memory, and contrives such helps as greatly assist its natural powers. bs CONTENTS. GREYS MEMORIA TECHNICA. SECTION [. A General Viae of the principal Part of this Method. SECTION II. The Application of this Ait to Chronology and History. I. General Epochas and ^ras Ecclesiastical and Civil 7 II. Some of the more eminent Epochas S III. Chrouological and Historical Miscellanies before Christ 9 IV. Chronological and Historical Miscellanies after Christ 10 V. The Regal Table of England since the Conquest, and som« of the most remarkable Princes before it 12 VI. Chronological Miscellanies since the Conquest l^ VII. The Patriarchs before and after the Flood 16 VIII. The Patriarchs, &c. according to their Years before Christ 17 IX. The Judges of Israel from the Death of Moses to Samuel 18 X. The Kings of Israel and Judah 19 XI. The Prophets 20 XII. The Kings of Assyria and Babvlon after the Dissolution of the ancient Assyrian Empire upon the Death of Sarda. napalus 21 XIII. Kings of Egypt 23 Kings of Media and Persia 2^ XIV. The difterent Names of the same Persons in Scripture and in profane Authors 25 XV. Kings of Egypt and Syria, after the Death of Alexander the Great ' " 26 XVI. Jewish High Priests, &c. after the Return from the Cap- tivity 5>8 XVII. Foun.lcrs, &c. of ancient Monarchiei 29 XX CONTENTS. XVIII. Grecian History 30 XIX. Grecian Lawgivers, Philosophers, and Poets 32 XX. Roman History 32 XXI. The Consular'State to Julius Caesar 33 XXII. The Twelve Caesars 3+ XXIII. The Roman Emperors from Nerva to Jovian 35 XXrV. The Division jf the Empire 3T XXV. Eastern and Western General Councils 39 XXV I. Fathers, Heretics, &c. ^0 XXVII. Popes, Authors famous Men, &c. *2 XXVIII. The Founders of the States of Europe 4+ XXIX The Times of the writing of the Canonical Bcoks of the New Testament 4-5 XXX. The Provincial and Legatine Constitutions, according to the Order in which they were made '16 SECTION III. The application of this Art to Geography. I. The General Divisions of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America 49 II. The particular Divisions of Northern Europe 50 III. The particular Divisions of Middle Europe 51 IV. The particular Divisions of Southern Europe 52 V. England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland 54 VI. Chief Cities and remarkahle Places in France, Netherlands, Germany, Spain, and Turkey 5? VII. Remarkable Places (^sparsim) in Europe 58 VIII. Chief Cities and remarkable Places (sparii7n) in Asia, Africa, and America 6') IX. Latitude and Longitude of the most remarkable Places 61 X. Distance of chief Cities, &c. from London, in English Miles 64 XI. The Proportions of the Kingdoms of Europe to Great ■ Britain, that Island being the Unit 65 XII. Situation of the European, Asiatic, African, and American Islands G^ XIII. The most remarkable of the lesser British Isles 69 XIV. Ancient Europe, Asia, and Africa 70 XV. Ancient Italy and Greece, Asia Minor, Syria, and Palestine 71 XVI. Ancient Gallia, Germania, Iberia, Britannia 73 XVII. Remarkable Places in ancient Geography , 75 XVIII. The Correspondence of ancient and present Geography 78 XIX. Anc-ent and present S^as, Straits, Gulfs, Islands, Rivers, Towns 79 XX. Geographta Sacra. The Plantation of the Earth after the Flood 82 XXI. Division of the Holy Land in the Old and New Testa- meat 8* XXII. The most remarkable fivers, wiih the Places where they ris3, and the Seas into which they fall S5 CONTENTS. xxi SECTION IV. T^ic Application of this Art to Astronomy and Chronology, I. The Diameters, &c. of the Planets in English Miles, accord- ing to Dr. Derham's Astroiheology 87 The Magnitudes or soiid Contents in Cubic Miles of the larger Planets 88 The Ambit or Circumference of Jupiter, Sec. ^8 II. The Diameters, &c. of the Planets, according to Mr. Whiston, and their Distances from the Sun 89 The Proportion of the Quantity of Matter in ihe heavenly Bodies, the Weight of Bodies on tJicir Surface, and their Densities 90 III. The periodical Times of the Revolutions of the Planets 91 The Distances of the Planets from the Sun in decimal parts 91 The Motion of the Sun, Jupiter, and the Earth round their Axes 98 The three Comets, whose Periods were thought to have been discovered 92 IV. Chronological Notes concerning the Lunar and Solar Month and Year; the Mctonic, Calippic, Uionysian, and Julian Periods, &c. 94 To find the Year of the Julian Period, the Years of the other Cycles being given 94 SECTION V. Tfie Application of this Art to Coins, J f "eights, and Measures. I. Hebrew, Attic, Babylonish, Alexandrian, and Roman Monty 98 II. Measures of Length, &c. ICXJ English and Grecian Measures of Length 100 Roman and Jewish Measures of Length 102 III. The Proportion of the foregoing Measures to English Measures 104 IV. Superficial Measures, &.c, 105 V. Measures of Capacity 10(j English Wine Measure 106 English Corn Measure 107 Grecian Measures of Capacity _ 107 Roman Measures of Capacity 108 Jewish Measures of Capacity 109 VI. Measures of Capacity reduced to English Measures HO VIL Weights 112 Roman and Grecian lesser Weights 113 VIII. Ancient Weights reduced to English Troy Weights 115 IX. Jewish and Roman Money accordmg to Bishop Cumber- land lie Decimal Tables for the more easy Reduction of ancient Coins, Weight-;, and Measures 117 xxii CONTENTS. SECTION VI. Miscellanea, The Proportion of the Diameter to the Circumference of a Circle, the Area of a Circle, &c. 12-3 The Area of an Ellipsis, the Surface and Solidity of a Sphere 126 The Quantity of Vapours raised out of the Sea 12() The Quantity of Water the Mediterranean receives from the Rivers that fall into it 127 The Velocity of Sound, Light, &c. 128 The Jewish Months ' 128 The Grecian Months 129 The Jewish and Christian ^ra of the Creation 130 The Days of the Month on which the other noted Epochas began 130 The specific Gravities of some Metals and other Bodies 131 Numerus Dignitatum, &c. tempore Camdeni 131 The Temple of the Winds - 132 Roman Militia 132 Roman Law 133 The Bishops who refused their Assent to the 'Of^cifto* 134- The ten Persecutions 134 The Electors of Germany 134 The Quinquarticular Controversy 134 The seven Precepts of the Sons of Noah 135 The Misnah, Gemarah, and Talmud 136 Characteres Arithmetici GrjEci et Hebraic! 13G The Ages of Christianity, according to what was most re- markable in each century 187 The Division of the Roman Empire into Prsefectures and Dioceses . 137 The Dimensions of the Ark and Temple 138 Computation of the Cost, Vessels, Vestments, &c. of Solomon's Temple 138 The Number of those who returned from the Captivity J39 The Difference of Talents 140 A Specimen how this Art may be made Use of to remember particular Statutes 141 CONTENTS. XXIIl LOWES MNEMONICS DELINEATED. Annuities Arithmetic Aiks As Roman Astronomy Atmosphere Bible Chronology Coins Cycle Divisibility Dominical Letter Ductility Kaster Table England Kpochas Evaporation Festivals Geography History l.nucl 172, 176 Man 143 Measures 176 Memorial Verses 141 Meridians 1.57 Monarchies 177 Money 173 Months 162 Moon 144 ftlultiplication IGO Numerical Letters 177 Practice IfiO Rivers 178 Rule of Three 166 Subtraction 174 Sun 163 Tabulating 178 Testament 165 War 1C7 Water 173 Weights 168 Zodiac 179 147 181 172 175 144 157 158 150 150 151 180 153 154 160 154 174 176 171 155 159 Appendix, 1S7. MEMORIA TECHNICA, SECTION I. J HE principal part of this method is briefly this to remember any thing in history, chronology, geo- graphy, i\c. a word is formed, the beginning whereof being the first syllable or syllables of the thing sought, does, by frequent repetition, of course draw after it the latter part, which is so contrived as to give the answer. Thus, in history, the Deluge happened in the year before Christ two thousand three hundred forty- eight; this is signified by the word Dehtok : Del standing for DsLuge, and etok for '2348 In astro- nomy, the diameter of the sun (SoLis Diameter) is eight hundred twenty-two thousand one hundred and forty-eight English miles; this is signified by Soldi- ked-dfei ; Soldi standing for the diameter of the sun, ked-dfei for 822,148; and so of the rest, as will be shewn more fully in the proper place. How these words come to signify these things, or contribute to the remembering them, is now to be shewn. The first thing to be done is to learn exactly the following series of vowels and consonants, which are to represent the numerical figures, so as to be able, at pleasure, to form a techiikaL word, which shall stand for any number, or to resolve a word already formed into the number which it stands for: a € I o ?< an oi ei oil y 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 b d t / / s P k n z Here a and 6 stand for 1, e and d for 2, i and t for 3, and so on. See also other signs at page 4. B MEMORIA TFXHNICA. These letters are assigned arbitrarily to the re- spective figures, and may very easily be remembered. The first five vowels in order naturally represent 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. The diphthong nii, being composed of a 1 and u 5, stands for 6; oi for 7, being com- posed of 4 and i 3 ; ou for 9, being composed of 4 and u 5. The diphthong ei will easily be re- membered for eight, being the initials of the word. In like manner for the consonants, where the initials could conveniently be retained, they are made use of to signify the number ; as t for three, / for four, s for six, and Ji for nine. The rest were assigned without any particular reason, unless that possibly p may be more easily lemembered for 7 or Septem, k for 8 or oKt; with a very small variation in the spell- B 2 4 MEMORIA TECHNICA. ing, it is his name Inakus. More instances of this kind see in page vi. of the Introduction. To go on with our art : it is further to be ob- served, that 2 and y being made use of to represent the cypher, where many cyphers meet together, as in 1000, lOOOOOOj &c. instead of a repetition of azyzyzy, which could neither be easily pronounced nor re- membered, g stands for hundred, th for thou- sand, and m for million. Thus ag will be 100, ig 300, oug 900, &c. alh 1000, oth 4000, otho or othf 4004, peg 7'200, dig 2300, lath .51000, am lObOOOO, azmolh 10.004,000 sumus e^j. 000,056, loum 59.000,000, &c. The solid content of the earth (TERrae MAoxiTudo) is two hundred sixty- four thousand, eight hundred fifty-six millions of cubic miles; this is expressed by the word Ter- xn3ign\t-eso-klaum ; Termagnit standing for Terrae Magnitudo; eso-klaum for 264,856.000,000, the num- ber of cubic miles It will be sometimes also of use to be able to set down a fraction, which may be done in the fol- lowing manner: let r be the separatrix between the numerator and t^e denominator, the first com- ing before, the other* after it; as iro |: urp *: pourag ^ or ,79 : north -jf^ or ,094 &c. Where the numerator is 1, or unit, it need not be ex- pressed, but begin the fraction with r, as ^ re, ^ ri, \ TO, &c. So in decimals, ,01 or _^, rag, ,001 Thus I have given the reader a general view of the principal part of this method, and now proceed to shew how 1 have applied it to history, geography, astronomy, and other parts of useful learning; and, having explained a line or two in each, leave the rest to his own industry and sagacity i and though the geographical parts are not, in this edition, completely modernized, according to the present divisions of the earth, neither are the recent discoveries in astronomy noticed here; yet it is hoped that sufficient is done to answer the student's purpose. CHRONOLOGICA ET HISlOiUCA. 5 SECTION II. The Application of this Art to Chronology and History. The ages of the world before our Saviour's lime are by chronologers generally divided into six: the first, from the creation to the deluge; the second, from the deluge to the call of Abraham, &c. accord- ing to the following periods : Bef. t hrl»l 1. The CReation of the world 4004 2. The universal DELuge 234& 3. Thecall of Auraham 199.1 4. Exodus, or the departure of the Israelites! ^^^^ from Egypt / 5. The foundation of Solomon's TEMple lOlS (). Cyrus, or the end of the captivity 636 The birth of Clirist. All this is expressed in one line belonging to Tab. I. as follows : Crothf, D^Ulok, Ahaneb, Exdfna, 'I'^mbybe, Cyruts. Cr denotes the Creation, othf 4004, Del the Deluge, Ab the calling of Abraham, Ex Exodus, Tern the Temple, and Cyr Cyrus. The technical endings of each represent the respective year according to the rules already laid down. I shall explain two lines more. Nicsilcon-ari/ei, Codathe-nia/e?6, Ephcetbe-n^s/i6. Chillemar-eudio/fl, Covijust-()/H<, C-^gcopo-monjeir. These two lines are a short history of the first six (ieneral Councils; and every syllable has its dis- tinct signification. The Jirst represents the place where it was held : the second shews who was pope at that time ; the third under what emperor ; the fourth against what heretic; the ffth, in what year of our Lord. Thus the first word is Niciilcon-6ri/ei ; B 3 6 MEMORIA TECHNICA. Nic denotes the Council of Nice, sil Pope SiLvester, con the Emperor CoNstantine, ari the heretic Arius, tel the year 325. The second word is Codathe-ma^ei6; Co denotes the Council of Con- stantinople, da Pope Dftmasus, the the Emperor TiiEodosius, ma the MAcedonians, teib 381. The third is E [ thee the- nes/';7; ; Eph the Council of EpHe- sus, ce Pope CElestine, the the Emperor THEodosius, junior, nes the NEstorians, Jib the year 431. The fourth is Challemar-eudi')/rt ,- Chal the Council of CHALcedon, le Pope IjEo, mar the Emperor Mak- cian, eudi the errors of Eutyches and Dioscorus, ola the year 451. The fifth is Covijust-O/w/; Co stands for Constantinople, vi Pope Vigilius, just the Emperor Jusxinian, O the errors of Origen, lut the year 553. The sixth is C-^gcopo-monseiz; C stands again for Constantinople, ag for Pope Aoatho, copo the Emperor Constantine Pogonatus, mon the Mon- othelites, seiz the year 680. By this specimen the reader will be able to judge what he is to expect from the following Essay, and what it will cost him to make himself master of it. I would by no means have him discouraged at the difficulty which, at first view, he may appre- hend thei'e is, in charging his memory with so many harsh and barbarous lines; for, though they may appear to be so to a person unacquainted with them, and, as such, difficult to be remembered, yet when frequent repetition has made them familiar, what can be more easy than to supply the remaining part of a word, which you are prompted with the be- ginning of? as, for instance, to complete Cr — Del — Ab — Ex — Tem — Cyr — with their technical endings, and make them up into the following lines, already explained, Crothf, Delelofc, Ahaneb, Exdfna, Timbyle, Cyvuts. I have only further to desire the reader to take notice, that for his greater ease, that part of the memorial words, which represents the numbers or CHRONOLOGICA ET HISTORICA. 7 dates, is distinguished by Ilnl'ic cliaractersj that part which is Roman answers to the small ca|)itals in the tables. TABLE r. General Epochas and ^ras, Ecclesiastical and Civil. Bef. Chrisc The Cneation of the world [Cvothf] 4004 The universal DeLuge \T)6\etuk'\ 2348 I'he c.dl of ABraham [Abarifli} I92I Exodus of the Israelites ['Exafnu'] I49I The foundation of Solomon's TEMple [Tcmbybe'] 101'2 Cyrus, or the end of the captivity [Cyrw/^] 536 The birth of Christ. The destruction of Troy [^Troynbeitl 1183 The first OLYMpiad [Olympow] 776 The building of Romc [Romp^/^] 753 Maa of NABONASsar [iErnabonaspo/?"] 747 The FniLippic sera, or the death of Alexander [PhiU'r/o] The sera of CoNTRACts, or of the Seleucida?, 1 called in the book of Maccabees the sera of J- 312 the kingdom of the Greeks [Contrac/ar/] j A. D. The DiocLEsian aera, or the aera of Martyrs ) ^„ [DioclespA-o] i ^^* The a?ra of the Hegira, or flight of MAHOMet 1 .>^^, [Mdhoma add] j- o,- The aera of YEzdegird, or the Persian aera [Yezjjf/] } 24 } 632 The Memorial Lines. Crothf, Dele.'oit, Ahaitcb, 'Exdfna, Timhiibe, Cyruls. Troyabeit, O\ympois, Romput & /Ernabonaspop. Vh'iUdo, Contrachsan, Demojws, Ahmezki, Abp^wi. Expjr/e/, Exm^/«/, Tempi/jse, Temm^/?,';e, Cymxintosk. Cyrpoboik, 'Vroypilta, Ttomekeb, 0\ympinik, Olml^tk. RomptHio, Jxomidui, Chrismundo//i/j Chrisperi/b/^o. EXPLANATION. The first syllable points out the epocha as before j the addition of p or peri denotes that it is the year of the Julian period ; the addition of 7/j or mund, that it is the year of the world. CHRONOLOGICA ET HISTORICA. 9 TABLE III. Chronological and Historical Miscellanies before Christ. Bcf. Christ Building of the tower of BabcI [^iiiihedit] 5>233 Mizraim settles in Egypt [[Mist/a A:/.] 2188 Destruction of SoDom and Gomorrah ISodakoup] 1897 Death of Joseph [Josepha.vi/] IGS.O ANnus Sabbaticus, or the first Sabbatical year 7 , ,, . [AnSq/g:]^' i Saul first king of Israel [Sauh/zwM] 109.5 jERoboam, or the defection of the ten tribes \ ^.^ [.I<;roHof/] / SALManeser King of Assyria takes Samaria, 1 and extinguishes the kingdom of Israel, > 721 [Salmpei] J HoLOFF.rnes invadeth Judaea, and is slain by ") /-•-> Judith [Holofe.s/«] / NiNKveh destroyed by the Medes and Babylo- 1 gjo nians [Ninev^yw^/] / jEHOiAkim taken prisoner by Nebuchadnezzar, 1 from whence began the 70 years captivity of > 6O6 the Jews [Jehoias//*] J Zfioekiah sent in chains to Babylon, and Je- rusalem utterly destroyed by Nebuzaradan, ( ^gg captain of the guard to Nebuchadnezzar ; the end of the kingdom of Judah [Zedteik] [\.B. The kingdom of^ '-"''!*^'[/*^''i> lasted The kitigdoin ot f Juoali [Judo.s/c]J The BABylonians having revolted from DAuius T Hvstaspes, are besieged by him, and Baby- ( ^^g Ion taken, after a siege of '20 months, by the ^ stratagem of Zopyrus [Babcldrhy/ra] Sakims burnt by the Athenians, in confede- racy with the lonians, which gave the first rise to the Persian war against the Greeks ^ 500 [Sard«^] 1 1 10 MEMORIA TECHNICA. Bef. Chri.-t ZoROAstres appears at the i'ersian court 7 aqo \_Zoroaf/ie'] } EsTHer made concubine to Ahasuerus [Esthosn] 46"l The feast of PuRim instituted in memory of ^ the defeat of Haman's plot for the destruc- > 453 tion of the Jews IPnrolt] J EzRa sent to be governor of Judaea [Ezrulk] 458 NEHEMiah sent governor to Judaea, rebuilds 7 ^ the walls of Jerusalem [Nehemi^MJ J The temple on Mount GERjzim began to be 1 „ built by Manasseh [Gerizosei] J The translation of the SEPTuagint [Septepoi] 277 Judas Maccabaeus [/umass] l6() The Memorial Lines. Babedii & Mizdakk, Sodakoup, Josephnsil, AnSa/jy. Sauluznu, Jero7ioil, Salmpeb, Holof^,y/«, Ninevsad. Jehoia.yy.y, Zedleik, \_duratit Isrelo, Judosk.l Babd^rhy/fl.9, Sardwg, Zoroa/«e, Estho^a, Purolt. Ezrulk, 'Sehem'iffu, Gerizdzei, Seiptepoi, Juvaass. TABLE IV. Chronological and Historical Miscellanies after Christ. After Christ Dispersio Jooaeoruin, or the destruction of Jerusalem by Titus [Dis-jud;^^] Lucius of Britain, the first Christian king [Luci6? 4SI .>y7 CHRONOLCXiICA ET HISTORICA. 11 Aftrr Chriit AuGustine the monk, sent by Gregory the Great ") from Rome, converts KTHEi.bert King of Kent > 59('> [Aug-ethel««««] J (JuARi-eMagne declared Emperor of the West 1 ^^, [Cliarlmf-i;'] / The C'Roisade, or Holy War [Cro'isuznu'] lOpS IlYBernia, or the conquest of Ireland [Hyb- "J ii~g aboi'l} J OxToman the founder of the present Turkish "1 ,007 empire [Oitadoup] J The mariner's CoMPass found out [Compalze] 1302 The Pa pal seat removed to Avignon QPap-ava/y/] 1305 Walter LoLlard with many of his followers \ burnt in Austria, for opposing the Romish >135l superstitions [Lola/»/>] j GuNPowder invented in Germany by a monk 1 , „ ,^ [Gunpa7/o]. f^"^** TAMerlane the Tartar overcomes BAjazet the Turk, and puts him in an iron cage. (The Great INIocul is descended from him.) [Tambaj'//oH»J Mog] ScANOERberg Prince of Epirus famous for liis ) ^aaq victories over the Turks [Scandcrio/i] f The invention of PniNting [Prinbf/«/'(f, Ecclesi-pax/arf. Alban/y/, C]6vvka, Ling lat/t'ip, Aug-ethelwHau. Charlmcio-, Crohdznu, Hybabokl, Ottaduup, Compatze. Piip-avalyl, holalub, GunpuZ/i), '1 ambaja/oH?/ [Mog.J Scanderfcq/7, Vr'inajhn, Constantinoio/i, Colum6o«r •1399 1 1453 }l493 12 MEMORIA TECHNICA. TABLE V. The Regal Table of England since the Conquest, and some of the most remarkable Princes before it. Bef. Christ CASiBELaunus chosen chief commander by the ^ Britons against the invasion of Juhus Caesar >• 52 rCasibelMf/] J ■- Aft. Christ Queen BoADicea, the British heroine, being abused by the Romans, raises an army and kills 7000 [B6adf/i/p] VoRTicern invited the Saxons to the assistance of tlie Britons against the Scots and Picts [Vortig/o5] HENcist, the Saxon, erected the kingdom of! . ^ , y-i— Kent, the first of the heptarchy [Heng/(//] f ^^ ' King ARTHur famous for his powerful resist- "1 . ance and victories over the Saxons [|Arth/a/] J EGBErt, who reduced the heptarchy, and 1 was first crowned sole monarch of England > 828 [Eghekek] J ALFREd, who founded the University of Ox- \ ford [AlMkpe-] / ^'^ CANUte the Dane [Canbau'\ 101 6 Edward the CoNFESSor [Confes/e] 1042 h 4^'^ AV idiam the CoNq. [Wil-consow] Oct. 14. 1066 William Rufus [RufA:oi] Sept. g. 1087 HENRy I. [Henrog] Aug. 2, 1100 _ > SxEPHen [Stephii/] Dec. "2. 113.5 ^' HExry theSECond [Hemsecbuf] Oct. 25. 1154 ^'-^ Richard I. [Ric6ei«] Jult/ 6. 1189 John [JaHw] ^prd 6. 1199 ^ . HKnry the THird [Hethc/as] Oct. 19- i'ilG ~ EDward I. [EdduifQ Nov. 16. 1272 '^ > Eovardus SEcundus [Edse/j/p] July 7. 1307 EDvardus TERtius [Edterto] Jan. 25. 13'26 CHRONOLOGICA ET HISTORICA. 18 , Richarilus sEcundus [Rise/c/j'p] June 21. 1377 IlEnry the Fourth [HeforoH/j] Sept. 20. 1399 IlKnry the nfth [HefifdcQ Mar. 20. 1412 HENry the sixth [HensWe^/] Aug. 31. 1422 Eovardus ouABtus [Edquar/i/j/s] Mar. 4. 14G0 "^Edward the Fifth 7 .^r p , .-, / April 9. 1483 Richard III. J LC-n-KOAtj | June 22. 1483 HENricus SF.ptimus [Hensep/ei/] -^wg- 22. 1485 IlENricus octavus [Henoc/^n] .^/iri/ 22. 1509 *'EDvardus SKxtus [Edsex/o5] Jan. 28. 1546 Mary [Mary lu(] July 6. 1553 ELisabeth [Els/«^] - iVou. 17. 1558 Jambs I. [Jumsi/d] Mar. 24. lC02 "^(JaroIus PKiMus [Caroprimse/] Mar. 27- l625 CaroIus sF.cundus [Carsecso/r] Jan. 30. l648 jAMes II. [Jam.seiJ'] Feb. 6. lG84 ^WiLliam and Mary [Wilsei^] Feb. 13. J6'88 'anhc [An/n/6] //^ / ^^ . Mar. 8. 170i GEorge 1, [Geabo'] AtrJ^^t- Aug. 1. 1714 (JEorge n. [GeosecJ] " June 11. 1727 GEorge III. [Geothpa^z] Ocl. 25. 1760 GEorge IV. [Geoquar/rcz] Jaw. 29- 1820 The Memorial Lines. ('&sibe\ud, Boada»p, Vortig/o*, Heng/wi & Arth/a/. EgbeA-e/iT, Alfr^/rpe, Canioz/, Confes/e. Wil-con.vaM, Rufitoi, Uenritg.. Steph//i/ \- Hensiicbuf, Ricbein, Jann, Hethrfas & 'Eddoid. F.dselyp. Edter les, Rise/oj;j, Hefo/oM«, Hefi/ar/que. H^nsyfed, Edquar/auz, Efi-RoW, Hens4pfeil, Henoc/yn. Edsex/os, Mary/u/, EIs/mA-, Jamsyr/, Caroprimse/. CarsecioA-, JaiTiiei/', Wil.yeJA-, Anpyb, Giioho — doi — pauz — kez. N. B. After Canute inclusive, one thousand is to be added to each. It was thought unnecessary to express it, it being a thing in which it is impossible that any one should mistake. If it be desired to remember in what month, and day of the month, each king began his reign, it may be done by the following lines : c ^ r^ 14 MEMORIA TECHNICA. Wil-t6(^-soM-f«/, Steph-de, J am-chef fau, R'l-h- jeb-ed, El-n«p. Hen-gL'-tel-ansez-chez-gib-ged-'pecl, Geor-gn-yih, An- che/'. r'ar-ch1099 bulnow] J The iNQuisition first erected against the Al-1 .._„_ bigenses [Inquisr/frf] j The confirmntion of Magna CHARxa by King") ^-« Henry III. [Charted] j-1^^3 CHRONOLOGICA RT IIISTORICA. 1.5 •AVat TvLcr's rebellion suppressed [TyU^'i] 1.381 Jack Cade's rebellion !iU|ipre?se(l [Cade////] 14.5() MARtin LuTiier begins to preach in Germany^ af^ainst induli^ences, and other errors of the >1517 Church of Rome [Mar-luth/'//>] J The name of I'aoTestants first began on oc- ^ casion of the protestation the Lutherans l,r<>{, made against the decree of the Chamber of | Spire against them [Prota/tw] J 'I'he SiMALCALdan league, or agreement made^ between the Protestants of (Jermany for their >1540 inu'-ual defence at Smalcald [hmalcal/oz] J The Council of TflENt began Dec. 13.1 ^^^^ [Trcn-decu^rt//«] J The MAssacre of I'rotestants at PxRis [Mas- ) ^^^, par«/ou/] / The UNited provinces under the protection of | William, Prince of Orange, throw oflF the V 1579 Spanish yoke [Un-p/oi«] J The Spanish iNvasion [Sp-invji/cA;] 1588 The Gunpowoer treason [PowdsT/r] lC05 The famous rebellion at Naples, on occasion T of the grievous excises, headed by Masa- > 164-7 NielIo [MasanieUo/j] j Oliver CromwcH usurps the government of^ England under the name of Protector > 1653 [Croms/i] J The island of Jamaich in America taken by the l .^.^ lOnglish [Jamaica^//] J CRoMwelli Mors [Crom-morA«/i] 16"58 GiBKAltar taken (capta) by the English [Gib- 1 .^^^^ rapzo} S The Memorial Linen. (iod-bulHOJZ, Tnquisf/et/, Charter/, Tyh'/ta, Cade^y. Mar-luth/e«/5-Ha?/«] LAmech [Lakoif-poip] Noah [Noacharws-wuz] Shem [Shem6MZA:-flM^] Anphaxad {Xraslei-fik] SAi.ah [Salaso«<-o<<] HfiBer [YLehaped-dsoy PfiLeg [?e\apup-eto\fi Reu \Re\xapeip-din] SERUg" \?)erakdn-diz\ Nahor [Nahovakdn-bok] TERah {TeTakoik-dyl] Aeraham [^Ahezyk-boil^ Isaac {\sebyk-be{z\ Jacob {5kcohebauk-bop'] Anno Muud- Ag«. 1 930 130 912 535 905 as-o 910 S9^ 895 460 962 622 365 687 9^9 874 ni 1056 950 1558 600 1658 438 1693 433 1722 464 1757 239 1787 239 1819 230 1849 14S 1878 205 2008 175 2108 ISO 2168 147 The Memorial Lines. Adniz, Sethdty-nad Endil-mjl, Caitel-naz, Mahalaloul-koul. Jardsy-naud ¥jTnchs6d-isu, Methuseip-natin, L,akoif-poip, Noach- azds-nuz. Shen\bulk-aug, Araslei-fik, Sa]asoHt-otf, Hehaped-dso. Pelapup-etou , B.euapeip-din, Seralcdn-diz, Nahor- akdn-bok. Ttvakoik-dyl, Ahezyk-boil, liebyk-beiz, Jacobcbaiik-bop. CIIUONOLOGICA ET HISTOHICA. 17 TABI.K Mil. The Patriarchs, ^-c. according lo their Years before Christ. Seth [SethiAof/] Born 3874 Enos s. [Enosipainj] 3769 CAinan s. [CnUspou] 3679 Mahal Alee) s, [Mahala^sj/n] 3609 JarccI s. [Jarilof] 3544 Enoch s. [Ench/i'Ae] 3382 METHUselah s [Methusj/rtp] 3317 LAMech 8. [hamibiz'] 3130 NOah s [NofHo/f] 2948 SHem s. [Shejf,'] 2446 ARi'naxad s. [Arphc/o*] 2346 SALah s. [Sal(/i6/.] 2311 HEBer s. [Hihde/cct-] 2281 Pkleg s. [Pelege^/op] 2247 Reu s. [Reued>ip-\ 2217 Serug s. [Ser (igda kill 2185 Nahor s. [Nahrt/a/r] 21o5 TERahs. [TereAw] 2126 Abraham s. [Abranirt-ioui] ^^^^. Isaac s. [Isakous] 1896 Jacob s. [Jalfip] ^837 Lev! s. [Levapus] 1756 'Ihe reader is desired to take notice, that in this and the following tables, (where it could be done consistently with the intended brevity.) the relation which every person bore to him who immediately goes before, is signified by a single letter; s stand- ing for son or sister, b for brother, n for nephew or niece, u for uncle, g for grandson, m for mother. So the s after Enos shews that he was the son of Setl), and so on. cS 18 MEMORIA TECHNICA. The Memorial Lines. SethiA-oi/"- 'Enosipaun, Caxtspou, Mabala<«/«, Jariluf, Enchtike. 'Methusilap, hamibiz, Koenok, Shejfs, Arphetos, Sahlibb. Hebdeka, Fe\egedop, Reuedap, Serdgdaku, Nahrda//. Xerebes, AhrAvnanous, Isakous, Jnkip, Levapusque. TABLE IX. The Judges of Israel, from the Death of Moses to Samuel. Bef. Christ Moses Moritur (dies) [Mos-mo/a]] 1451 JosHua [Josh/of] 1445 OxHoniel \Oi\i6zii] 1405 Enud [Ehu/ei] 1325 DEBorah [Deborftj/] 1285 Gideon [Gidot] 1245 ABiMelech [Ahmets] 123() TaoLa [Thle//] 1233 J Air [Jaic/flz] 1210 JEPHTa [JephtflA:^] 118S Ir.zan [Ihzdke'] 1182 ELon \_E\oboir\ 1175 Abdon [Abdonaso] 1164 Eli [YAihup'] 1157 SAMuel [Sarntap] 1117 The Memorial Lines. Mos-rao/a, Josh/o/, Oihdzu, Ehntel, Dehodeil, G\do{, Ahmets. 'ihXett, Jaidaz, JephtaArA", Ihzdke, Eloboil & EYif)iip. Ahdonaso , Sambap _N. B. One thousand is to be added. The dates affixed to the Judges before Abimelech are supposed to relate, not to the beginning of their presiding over Israel, but to the end of the rest given by them. — Vide the preface to Petavii Ralionarium. CHRONOLOGKA ET HISTOUICA. W if TABLF. X. Kings of all Isroel. ■ ^ Dff. < llTl'-t Saul [SaulosHuj IO9.3 DAvid [Davazu/] lO.').'^ SoLOMon s. QSolomwza/] lOl.O The Defcclion of the Ten Tribes, 975. Kings of Judah. REHoboam s. [Rehowoi/] 975 \ ABijam s. [A\»\nu])] 9^1 ^ Asa s. [Asa/i«/J 955,.^ JeHosAPHAt s. [— hosapha«/;o] 9'* JeHORam s. [— liorAcJw] 889 AHAZiah s. [AhaziAr/fJ/] S85 AxHaLiah m. [AthliAr/i-oj S84 JeuoAASH g. [— hoaash/io/A:] 878 AMAziah s. [AmazA-f'/i] 839 Uzziah or AzARiah s. [Uz- ") qjq azari/cty] / Jot Ham s. [iolhpnk'] 758 Ahaz s. [Ahdzpoti] 742 HfiZEkiah s. [Hezepep] 727 MANasseh s. [Manj>Ju.'J 69-'^ Amon s. [Amonso/] tJ4i Jo 3 1 Ah s. [Josiasoz] 640 JeHoiAKiM s. [— hoiakimsj//;] G09 •leHoiAKin s. [--hoiakflwg] 6OU ZBDEKiah u. [Zecleki/Hfi] 598 Kings of Israel. jEROBoam son of Nebat TJe- robnoi/] N-adab s. [Nnw/] Q"'* BAAsha [Baa»urJ 9-^3 } 975 go MEMORIA TECH NIC A. ELah s [El«/z] 9S0 ZiMri, TiBni, and Omri [Zim- \ ^ tib//e«] J OiMri alone [Omnel] 9'^l't Ahab s. [AhSb^aA-] 9IH AHAZiah [Ahazi/i;oi//>] b97 JoRam b. [.IorA-»aw] S:6 Jehu [JehuMo] 884 Jehoahaz s. [J ehoahak I nil] 856 JeHOASH s. [—hoashkin'j 83d jERoboam II. s. [Ieros_e/tc/u] 825 ZACHARiah s. IZacharappt'] 773 SHALLum son of Jabesh [Shai- 1 ^-^ luppe] S MRNAhem s. of Gad i [Menap/je] 772 PEKAiah s [Pekaipio] 76l PkkaIi [PekapM//] 759 Hosea s. of Elah [Hos/)iz] 730 The Memorial Lines. Saulaznw, Davazul, Soilomuzal, Reh o-j e rob ;/oii'. Ahmup, Xianul, — hosapha«/;0, —hoTkein, Ahaz'ikku. AthliH-o,--hoaash/io(A-, Avaazkin, Uz-azarikhy. Jnthpnk & Aha.zp(d, Hezep/^p, MansoMi & Amonso/. Josiasoz, —ho\ak\msyn, — hoiakaug, Zedeki//iei. Nnw/, Baa')«', El/jiz, Zim-tib«eH, Omuel, Ahahnak. Ahaz'ikoup, Jorknau, .^ehukko, Jehoahaklau. — hoashA.7';, Jerosekdu, Zacharappt, ShaWuppe, Meuappe. Vekaipsa, Fekapun, Uospiz. N. B. The break before some of the words denotes thit Je is wanting, as — ho£apha?/6o for Jehosapha«/;o, -horkein for Jehorkein, &c. TABLE XI.' The Prophets. Bet. CbrU< JoNas prophesied against Nineveh [Jontze] 802 JOel prophesied [Joeig] 800 } 397 CHRONOLOGICA ET HISTOUICA. 21 B.f. Chii-t Amos prophesied against King Jeroboam [.\mpdp] 7H~ HosEa prophesies against Israel [llosepku"] 785 Isaiah began to prophesy [Ifip^iuz] 7f)() NxHum prophesies against Nineveh [NahiipuA-] 7o8 Micah projihesies against Judah and Jerusalem 1 „^ [Micput] f ""^ jERemiah began to prophesy [Jersta^ ii-il ZKPHaniah prophesied [Zepha«/z] 630 HABAkuk prophesied [Maba.«(//(] b'OJ) EzEkiel in captivity had his first vision [l\,x.t'luul} i)Vr> OfiAoiah prophesies against the Edomites ) . - [Obadi//i-oi] / ''"^' Daniel had his vision of the four empires [D»//] .OS,? HA.Ggai prophesied [llaglcz] o'lO ZF.CHAKiah prophesied [Zecharwrfz] 5iO Malachi writes his book, which Avas the end of vision and prophecy [Malach/np] The Memorial Lines. Jonkze, Joeig, Ampeip, llosepku, Ispauz, 'Nahuptik. M'icpul, Jersta, Zephautz, Hahasyti, 'Ezeloul, Obadilkoi Dull, Hsiglez, Zechariidz, Malachi»p TABLE XI I. Kings of Assyria after the Dissolution of the mftient Assy- rian Empire upon the Death of Sardannpalus. Bef. Christ ARBAces [Arba/iopJ 747 SALManeser s. [SalmppA-] 7'28 SENNACHerib s. [Sennachoi^o] 714 EsARHADtlon third s. [Esarhado/jrawJ 700' Kings of Babylon. BELEsis [Beles/)o/^i] 747 NAoius [Xad/J//'] 73i- 22 MEMORIA TECHNICA. 5 Bet Christ CHinzirus 1 POnis V [Chi-Po-Jug/>e.¥j J 72G JuGaeus J (. Mardok EM|'adus [Kmysea] 7-1 AuKiaiius ^Arkpynl 709 Belibus [Belibupze] 702 APKoxadius [Apronaumi] 699 REGifiilus [Rcgibs»iJ 6'93 MEsessimordacus [Messo?/f/] ' 692 After his death followed an inter-regiium of eight years, of which E&arhaddon King of Assyria taking the advantage seized Babylon, and adding it to his former empire, thenceforth reigned over both for 13 years. Kings of Assyria and Babylon jointhj, the Royal Scat sometimes at Nineveh, and iomelimes at Babylon. Bef. Christ Esarhaddon, called in Ptolemy's Ca- ") ,„_ non AssAR-Addinus [Assars/ry] J SAOsduchinus s. [Saossaup^ 667 CHYNiladanus [Chynsop] 647 Chyniladanus ha^ ing made himself despicable to his people, Nabopollasar, general of his army, set up for himself; and being a Babylonian by birth, made use of his interest there to seize that part of the As- syrian empire, and reigned king of Babylon 21 years. And in the 14th year of his reign, having made an affinity with Astyages, the eldest son of Cyaxares, by the marriage of his son Nebuchadnezzar with Amyitis the daughter of Astyages, entered into a confederacy with him against the Assyrian?, and thereon joining their forces together, they besieged Nineveh ; and after having taken the place, and slain Saracus the king, (who was either the successor of Chyniladanus, or he himself under another name,) to gratify the Medes, they utterly destroyed that great and ancient CHRC^NOLOGICA ET IIISTOIIICA. 23 city, and from that time Babylon became the sole metropolis of the Assyrian empire. Fule Priileuux's Collection, Part I. IJook I. Kings of Bahi/lon . Jtef. Christ NABoroLlasar [Xabopol.ve/] 625 NEBUchadnezzar s. [[Nebs^.v] (i06 Evinnerodoch s. [hvil/au/^] 50"1 NtKiGlissar b. in law (^Nerig/«7j] ^69 • Laborosoarchod s. ^ f NAHonadiu^ s. of Evil- > Nabo/ii/ •< 555 merodoch J v. DarIus the Mkdc, >. e. Cyaxares, ~^ uncle of Cyrus, to whom Cyrus / allowed the title of all hi> con- , 538 quests as long as he lived [Dar- V med/i/tj / By his taking of Babylon ended the BAUYLonish empire, after it had continued 209 years [I^eg- Babylezo?/] The Memorial Lines. Arba/jop & Sa\mpek, Sennachor6o, Esarhado/jzau. Beles/)o/). Nad/n/, Chi-Po-.Tug/^es, Empea, Arkpyn. BeVihnpZL-, Apronaunn, liegibsnt, Mei>sou, Nabopolse/, Neb.*//s, E\i\laub. Seriglun, Nabohil, Darmedlik, lleg-BabylezoM. TABLE XIII. Kings of Egypt ^ Bef. Chrlut SABACon the Ethiopian [Sabaco/>f?oi] 727 SEvechus s. [^ev/)«w] 719 * For the n-ason why Laborosoarchod is not named in Ptolemy's Canon, see Pridcaiu's Conncclion, Part I. Book 2. b Of the ancient Kings of Egypt, from M zraim or Menes, we have little else but the names, or fabulous account.-'. 24 MEMORIA TECHNICA. Bef. Christ TiRHAkah, last of the Ethiopians | [Tirhap^/] f '^ Confederacy of the XII Pkinccs \ ^ IPrm-bd-skeQ f ^^^ PsAMMixichus [Psammit*/»j/] 67O Necus s. [Necussfls] 616 PsAMwis s. [PsammflM^^] 6OO ApRies s. [AprMJj/] 594- AMAsis [Amas/awn] 569 PsAMmiNiTus s. who was con- "^ queied by Cainbyses, son of Cyrus > 523 [Psamint/e/] J Kings of Media after the Revolt of the Medesfrom Sennacherib, Dejoccs I'Dejopzou'] 709 PHRAortes s. [PhrasiauJ 656 Cy AX Ares s. [Cyaxasi/"] 634 AsTyages s. [Asti 521 hysta/f/a] J XEBxes s. by Atossa, daughter of 1 ^q- Cyrus [Xerxo/rw] J Artaxerxes LoNcimanus third s. 1 .p. [Long/oM/] J '^ Cyaxares succeeded Astyages in the civil government, and Cyrus, grandson of Astyages, by his daughter Mandane, in the military governinent. << Herodotus calls him Snierdis ; C'.esias, Sffudadatei ; Ms- chylus, Mardus; and in Scripture he is culkd Arluxcrxes. CHRONOLOGICA ET HISTORICA. 25 Bcf. ChrUt XEUxes II. s. slain by 1 [XerJ- "n Soodianus base-born B. slain by / «og] { ^^3 Ochus bastard B. commonly called DAuius j NoTUUs [Dar-nothoc/iJ J Arsaces eldest s. commonly called Artaxerxcs \ ^^^ Mxemon [Mnoiif] f Ocnus s. [Ochi/A,] 358 Auses youngest s. [Avstij)] 337 Darius CoooMAnnus, descended from Darius^ „^^ Nothus [CodonuU/i(] J The Memorial Lines. Egypt. Sahacopihi, Sevpan, Tkhapijl, Vr'm-be-skei, Psammitvp^, Necussas, PsamniflHg', Apn<«/, Amashtun, Vsam'mklel. Media. Dejopzou, Vhraalaii, Cyaxasif, Astuno, Cy-d-lun. Persia. Camby/c«, [Oro-mag, Dar-hystaWa,] Xerxoku, Long- fauf, [Xerd-sog, Dar-nothoc//,] Mno?//, Ochilk, Amiip, Codonia^ NABonassar J Mardok Empadus ASSar-Addinus '' NabonadIus f TiGlath Pileser, 2 Kings xv. 29. BALAduHj Isa. xxxix. 1. Merodach Bala nan, ibid. r EsARhaddon, 2 Kings xix. 37- 1 AsNAPper, F.zra iv. 10. BELSHAZzar, Daniel v. 1. and 29. ° Called also by Castor, iVj^w*, junior. f Also ThUgarnits and Thil^ath Filitcser. e Called also by Nicolas Damascenus, Kanihrus. h Called also by Berosus, Nuhoimcdus ; by Mcgaslhene?, Nahoniiidcchus ; by Herodotus, Labyticlus ; and by Joscphus, Naboandclus. 2G MEMORIA TECHNICA. CvAxares S A Bacon Necus Tarachus ApRies Dejoccs ' AuTaxerxes LoNoimanus } SALManeser SENnacherib AsTYages SevccIius SAosdiichinus CAJibyses Smerdis Darius the Biede, Daniel in. 31. SO, 2 Kings xvii. 4. Pharaoh NechOj 2 Chr. xxxv. 20. PiRHakah, Isa, xxxvii. 9. Pharaoh HopHrah, Jer. xliv. 30. ARPHAxad, Judith i. 1. AHASuerus, Esther ii. 16. /En \Sh/ NEmessar, Tolit i. 2. ALMon, Hosea x. 14. Sargoii, Isaiah xx. 1, AnAsuerus, Daniel ix. 1. SETiion, Herodotus '2. '' NABuchodonosor, Judith i. 1. AnASuerus, Ezra iv. 6. ARxaxerxes, Ezra iv. 7. r/je Memorial Lines. Arb-tig, Bel-bala-nab, Nabonad-belsh, Dar-m-cya, Sab -so, Dcj-arphax, Apr-hoph, Empad-balad, Ass-esar-asnap, Sen-sarg, Salm-ene-shahrij Sev-seth, Saos-nabu, Smerd- art, Tirh-tara, Nech-necus, Art-long — Asty-ahas, Cam- ahasque. TABLE XV. Kings of Egypt and Syria, after the Death of Alexander the Great. Kings of Egypt. Bef. Christ Ptolemaeus Lagus or Soter, [Lag/?/o] 304 Ftol. PnilAdelphus s. [Phar/^o or PhiWe//] 284 Ptol. Euergetes s. [EuJoi] 246 Ptol. Puilopator s. [Ptol-phee6] 221 Ptol. Epipiianes s. [Ptol-epiphesio] 204 i Archbishop Usher thinks that Darius Hj-staspes was the K. Ahasuerus that married Esther; Scaliger, that Xerxes was. k Nahitchodoiiosor v.as a name among the Babylonians, com- monly given to their kings, as that of Pharaoh was among the Egyptians. CHRONOLOGICA ET HISTORICA. 27 r.if. f l.rist Ptol. PuiloMctor s. [Phom/;m] 180 Ptol. PnYscou B. [[^hyscohfu] 145 Ptol. Lathyrus s. [Lathyr«r/c] 120 ALEXAxder n. [AlexanAv/] SO Ptol. AuLetes bastard s. of Lathyrus [Ault/z/Z] 65 CLEOPATra D. [Cleopat/aJ .01 Kings nf Syria. Selcucus Nicanor [St-l-niVr^/] 312 ANTiochus SOter s. [Xuti-sodoifi'] 279 A-ntiochus Thkos s. [A-thccUniz'] 2G0 Selcucus CAdinicus s. [Sel-cal (//'//] 2i5 Seleucus Cehaunus s. [Ceraunce/] 225 ANxiochus Magiius B. [Ant-rnag(/ee] 222 StLeucus Puilopator s. [Sel-ph«/i;.v] 186 ANtiochus E-piphanes B. [ An-Eioi/] 175 AxTiochus Eupator s. [Ant-(!;iiprt4c»] 104- DEMetrius S-oter s. of Seleucus Philopator ") ^^- [Dem-S(i«'] J ALexander BALa [Al-bali^z] 150 Demetrius Nicator son of Demetrius Soterl , .r p)-nic(://M] J Antiochus Sidetcs B. [Sidet6o:J I'iO Demetrius Nicator [D-nicrt/j/] 130 ZEBina [Zehhel'] 125 Antiochus Guvrus son of Demetrius Nica- 1 .^q tor [Grypadi] j Seleucus s. [Seleuco»,s] g6 Philip B. [PhilipwfJ 92 TiGRANcs King of Armenia [Tigrane;/] 83 The Memorial Lines. Egypt. Lugtijo, Vh&dko, Eiulos, Ptol-pliecii, Ptol-epipheco, Phom6ei2. Vhyscobfu, LathyroJiv, AlexanAy, Aulaul, Cleopat/ti. Syria. Sel-ni/rt(/, Anti-sof?om, A-the(/^/;/r, Sel-calf//)/, Cerauna/, Aut-magdee, Sel-ph«A;>, An-Ehoil, Ant-eupa^o, Dem- Sdse, Al-bal^Ks, D-uicafu, Sidetioz, D-nica/y, Zebbel, Grypadi, SeleucoKs-, Philip«p, Tigriinej/j D 2 28 MEMORIA TECHNICA. TABLE XVI. Jewish High Priests, S^-c. after the Return from the Captivity. Bef Chiist Jeshua son of Jozadack [JeshuaZis] bSQ JoiAKim s.. [jSoiskokt] 483 ELiasHib s. [Elsho/ „^^ Simon the Just [Man^sseps] J ! " ONias II. son of Simon the Just \On-%duz] 250 SiMon II, (SEcundus) s. [Sim-secc/ap] 217 ONias Tertius s. \Oiiibonf\ 195 jAson br. [JasSoi/] 175 MENELaus br. [Menelape] 172 On the death of Menelaus, Alcimus was made high priest by Antiochus Eupator. After him, Jonathan, brother of Judas, was made high priest by Alexander Bala. Judas Maccabjeus (s. of Mattathias, ' descended from Asmona2us) captain of ^ 166 the Jews [Ju-m^ccabassJ JoxAthan br. [J6na6a;/z] 160 Simon MACcabaeus [Si-mac6of] 143 HvRCanus s. [Hyrco/?, On-t^o»Z, JasLoil, Menehipe, Ju-maccabf/si-, ionabanz, Si-vnacbot, Hyrcatx, K-AThijs, ^am^azH, Alxandroi/f, Arist6b-secrt?<«, Hyrca-secundi/, Antigontiz, Herodi'^, Archeli TAr,LE XVII. Founders, &ic. of ancient Monarchies. ref. Chri^t NiNus founder of the Assyrian monarchy] g^-„ [Ninez/o«] ^_ j -"''^ SEMiratnis wife of Ninus [SenriTHajW] 1.0G.5 SARDAxapahis in whom ended the Assyrian \ 747 monarchy [Sardan/50/^; or panp] f or 767 iEoiALeus, King of Sicyon [.'Egiah.'zkou] ^OSf) iNachus, first King of Argos [InrtAwi] 1856' The OoYGian flood, under Ogyges King of") ^^.. Attica [Ogy gopau^] J* 1 /OO Paonietheus, son of Japetus, brother of Atlas )^ .^ ■ [Pr«iA-oi] /^^°' Cficrops first King of Athens [Cecbhis] 1556 Sisyphus first King of Corinth [Sisyph((7:o] l.OO-i TEUcer first King of Troy [Teuc/^?/rd] 1502 Cadmus first King of Thebes [CadmiiJ'iio'] I494. SATurn expelled Crete by his son Jupiter, "i „.,„ settled in Italy [Sat«//y] / ''"^^ so MEMORIA TECHNICA. Bef. Chri.t pERseus first King of Mycene [Persa/a/] 1313 HERCules, son of Jupiter by Alcmena [HerWoi/'^ ^274 The ARGonautic expedition [AYg6bdaup] 1267 OEDipus King of Thebes [Okdibess] 1266 THEseus son of ^.geus [Thesbdif] 1234 "CoDRUS the last King of Athens [Codidzpa'] 1071 Cakanus first King of Macedon [CaranAq/] 814 CANDAules King of Lydia [Candaup<«j 735 Cr(esus King of Lydia [Crcesusel 562 Cyrus, founder of the Persian empire [Cyruts] 5'66 ALExander, founder of the Grecian empire ") „„, [Alexi^a] / "^"^^ Julius Caesar, founder of the Roman empire ■> ./> [Julos] / *" The Memoi'ial Lines. Ninez/oM, Semanaul, Sardanpop, JE,g\a\ezkQu , Inakus, Ogygnpaus, Fraskoi, Cecblus, Sisyphdfeo, Teucbuzd, Cadmufno , Satd/hj, Firsafat, Herbdoif, Argobdaup, Oedi^e^s, Thesbdif, Codrdzpa, Carankaf, CandsLuptu, Crcesuse, Cyruts, A\eK.ita, Juhs. TABLE XVIIL Grecian History. Bef. Chritt The TuEBan war [Thehadel'] 1225 First MEssenian war [Messpoi] 743 Second MESsenian war [MessA-w] 685 Battle of Marath on [MarathJ/iz] 490 ° After the death of Codrus the Athenians had perpetual "I jq^q Archons, the first of which was MEDon [Medasois} J Then decennial Archons, the first of which was Chaeops ) -^^ [Charop/)Ko] j Then annual Archons, the first of which was CREonl ggQ [Cresez] J — — — Aledazois, Charop;52«J, Creseiz. CHRONOLOGICA ET HISTORICA. 51 Bef. Christ Battle of SalamIs [SalamJ/cj/] 480 Battle of Eur VMEDon [Eurymedo/):] 47O The PHLoponnesian war [Pelo/'6] 431 Battle of Leuctra [Leuctra/pr] 373 Battle of MANTinea [Mantwi] 363 PHocacan or sacred war [Phoci//j] 357 Battle of the River Granicus [Grani///] 334f Battle at the ISSus [Iss/;7J 333 Battle of Annela [Arb/i//] 331 ALExander the Great succeeds Philip "l „_„ [A\exth] 5 '^'^^ Philip ARidaeus [Xntet] 323 Alexander .^gus [^Mgtas] 3l6 The Memorial Lines. Thehadel Sc Messpot, Mcsslcu, MarathoHZ, SalamoA'i/, Eurymedr>pz, l^elojih, Leuctratpi, Mantiv/, Pbocilp, Granitif, Isstit, Arhtib, Alextis, Aritet, JEgtas. N. B. After the death of Alexander there arose great confusion among his Generals about the suc- cession, each seizing what he could for himself, till by leaguing and making war against each other, they were, after some years, all destroyed except four. These were Cassander, Lysimachus, Ptolemy, and Se- leucus, who divided the whole empire. CAssander had MAcedon and GREece. Lvsiraachus had Thracc and those parts of Asia situated upon the HEllespont and the Bosphorus. Pxoi.emy had ^-gypt, Linya, A-rabia, PALestine, and Coelo-SYria. Seleucus all the rest of Asia, &c. The Memorial Line. Cdss-magre, Lys-thrachebos, Ptol-£elibApalsy, Se- leuc-as. 3^ MEMORIA TECHNICA. TABLE XIX. Grecian Lawgivers, Philosophers, and Poets. Bet. Christ Lvcurgus born [Lycnes] c)26 Draco [DrasJo] 624 Solon died [Solurf] 559 PYTHAGoras died aged 80. [PythigUjs'] 506* EucLid the geomet. flourished [Euclozaw] 406 SocRates died [Socranz] 399 XENopHon died [Xenophi/owJ 359 PLAto died [Pla^oA:] 348 Diogenes died aged 90. [Diotet] 323 ARtstotle died aged 63. [Arist^d] 322 Epicurus died aged 72. [Epicu(//Jo] 271 ARCHimedes slain [Archidad} 212 Linus and Orpheus [Linadka'\ I'cSl HoMer died [HomHarf] 912 AucHiLociius [ArchilochusA"ai<] 686 Sappho [Sapphsj/(/] 602 ANACreon \_AnAcloitd'] 592 ^scHylus born IMschlel'] 525 Pin oar died aged 80. [Pind/oz] 440 SoPHOCLes born [Sophoclozoj] 407 TnEOCRitus flourished [Theocrekit] 285 LYCOPHUon flourished [Lycophreps] 270 The Memorial Lines. Lyoies, Di'iisdo, Solun, Fyihaglys, FAXcloznu, Socrinn, Xen6phi7o?<, Plalok, Diotel, Arist^d, Epicuc/pa, Archldad, h'madka, Homnad & Archilochu^/iflM, Sapph,'??/(:Z & AnAcloud, ^sch^eZ, Vm&fuz, Sophocloxoz, Theocre/cw, Lycophrepz. TABLE XX. Roman His ton/. The foundation of Romc was laid in the SQGI year of the Julian period []RompJ?] in the year before Christ 753, or as some 75"2, [Rom/>?i/J upon the S^Zd day of ApriI [ApriJe] in the lourth year of the sixth Or,ympiad [/oh] The REc;al SxAxe under VII. kings lasted 24:5 years [Stat-regt/o/] Bef. Christ RoMulus [Romput'] 753 NuMa Pompilius [Numpu/] 714- Tullus HosTiLius [Hostilsy;^] 670 Anxus Martius [Ancsip'] 637 Tarquinius Pkiscus [Priscso/"] 6l4f SEUvius TuUius [Servupx] 576 Tarquinius SuPERbus [Super/ic/] 532 The Meinorial lines. -Stat-reg^io/, Rorapi«sa, RoMidub, Romput foh Aprifie, Numpa/', Hostil^/jy, Anwip, Priswa/, Servj/p^que SuperZid. TABLE XXI. The Consular Statb, from Brutus and Collatlnus the first consuls, to the period when Julius Caesar was made perpetual dictator, lasted 4G4 years [Stat-consu- laroso] Bef. Christ CoNSuls first made [Consu/so/] 507 First Dictator [Dicorioi] 497 Creation of the TniBunes [Trih/oud] 492 Creation of the DECEMviri [Decemvo/?/] 450 Creation of the MiLitary T-ribunes [Mil-t/o;] 440 iNCEN'Dium Urbis, or the burning of the tity\ „ ^q by the Gauls [Incendz"H] J "^^ War with the SAMNites [Samnf/e] .342 War with PvRrhus King of Epirus [Pyrdoin] '^79 First PuNic war f £ ) f ^6" Second PuNic war ^;5 y [Be\-m\nesi-das-(H)k] ) 216 Third PuNic war / :^ J / 148 34 MExVIORIA TECHNICA. _ Bef. Christ The end of the sedition of the GracciiI I ^g^ [Graccharfe] J The JuGurthine war [Jugu6:OiO 109 War with the CiMbri [CimbaQ 113 The social or IxALian war [Italei*)] 89 War begun with MiTHEiDAxes [Mithridat^w/] 89 Dicxatorship of Svda [Syl-dicteiz] 80 CATAtine's conspiracy [Catalaud] 62 First Titiumvirate [Trww] 59 Battle of PHARsalia [Pharsop] 47 BATtle of PHiLippi [Bat-philo6] 41 Battle of ACtium [Acfa] 31 The Memorial Lines. — Stat-consularo,yo, Consukoi, D'lCOJwi, Trihfoud, DecemvoJy, Mil-t/bz, Incendi'AVf, Saxnnife, Vyrdoin, Be\-punesi-das-bok, Gracchrtf/e, Jugubzou, Cimbat, Italein, Mithridat^-ow, Syl-dicte/Zj Catalaud, Trim, Pharsop, Bat-philoi, Ac^cr, TABLE XXIL The Twelve Ccesars. lef. Clirist I. Julius Csesar [Julios] 46 II. Augustus, great nephew [Augusterj 25 Ann 1 DoTiini III. TiBERius, step-son [Tiber?/?/] 15 IV. CALiGULa, great nephew [Caliguli/c] 38 V. CLAudius, uncle [Claor/] 42 VI. Nero, step -son [NerwZ] 55 VII. GALBa II ^Galb.otho^o«l 69 Vlll. Otho j ^ -■ IX. ViTellius ") rTT-f „«ov,^;-i '-n ,r -tr • f Vit-vespotzJ /U X. Vr.spasian J *- i- j XI. Titus, son [Titpou] 79 XII. DoMixian, brother [Domit/m] 81 The Memorial Lines. Julios, Aguste/ + Tibert?i, CaliguliA:, Claot/, Ner?//, Galb-othowM, Vit-vespoiz, TMpou, DomitA-«, CHRONOLOGICA ET HISTORICA. 35 N. B. The reii^n of Julius C.xsar is here supposed to commence from the death of I'ompey, which made way for his absolute power soon after; the reign of Augustus from the full establishment of his authority by the senate and people. Some reckon it as com- mencing from the death of Anthony ; and otherS; yet sooner, from the death of Julius Cassar. TABLE XXIII. The Ro7nan Emperors from Ncrva lo Jovian. Anno Dooiirii XIII. NERVa [Nervoin] Q6 XIV. TRAJan [Tvixiik] 98 XV. ADRian [Adri/x//j] 117 XVI, AiMToninus Pius \_.\wiUji] 137 XVII. ANToninus Piiilosophus s. [Ant- 1 ,--. phi/;.Vrt] J XVIII. CoMMODUs s. [Commod^efzijl 180 XIX. PERxinax ") rp„,.f ;„i; -, XX. Didius JuLianus > fsS } ^^^ XXI. Septimius S-everus J '- XXII. CARacalla c\ Geta ss. [Car. Gc/fl6] 211 XXIII. MAcrinus & Dia-") rMac-Dhc- 1 217 dumenus j- ^ , j. ^ glS XXIV. Hdiogabalus J '"^' "^ J ~ "* XXV. Abexander S-everus [Al-S(W 493 his own sword QTheodonjJ J Toxilas the Ostrogoth takes Rome [TotZop] 547 A"lro6z, ktivfia, Gensful, Odops, Theodowj, Tot/op. .^!. CHRONOLOGICA ET HISTORICA. 39 TABLE XXV. Eastern General Councils. See page 5. After Chrit. Place. Pope. Emperor. Heretics. Year. I. Nice SiLvester CoNstantine Arius 325 II. Constan- DAmasus THEodosius MAcedo- OO 1 tinople Magnus nians Sol III. Ei'nesus CElestine TuEod. jun. NEStorians 431 IV. ClIAL- Leo MARcian Eutyches cedon & Dio- scorus. 1.51 V, Constan- Vigilius Jusxinian Origenists ^'i^ tinople kJ %J*J VI. Con- Acatho COnstantine MoNothe- 680 stantinople POgonatus lites The A Icmorial Line s. I. LAxeran 1122 II. LAxeran 1139 III. LAxeran 1175 IV. LAxeran 1215 V. LAxeran [Ijaihed-in-oil- dal-lap] 1517 Nicsilcon-ari/ei, CoC\ath6-mateib, Ephcethe-nes^'i, Chdllemar-cudio/a, Covijust-0/?<<, C-agcopo-momdz. Westn-n General Councils. I. Lvons 1255 II. Lvons 1274 [hyoddl-doif] Vienna [Vi/aa] 1311 CoNsxance [Constfaf] 1414 BasH [Bas/o] ' 1431 FLORENce [Flor6n/7j]143f} TRENt [Trenalol] 1545 The Memorial Lines. IL&tbed-in-oil-dal-hip, Liyoddl-doif, Vilaa, Constfaf, Hasjia, Floren^M, 'Irenalol N. B. A thousand is to be added. Note also, that the second and third Lateran being in the same cen- tury with the first, b is left out; as hed-in-oil, instead of hed-bin-boil ; the syllables in order answering to the order of the Councils. E 2 40 MEMORIA TECHNICA. Councils not QLcumenical. ANcyra ^ [[Anc- 1 ^15 NEOCsesarea 3 neoia/] GANGra [Gang/02] . 340 Anc-neotal, Gangtoz, Antob, LaOdisa, Sardi/p ANtioch [Antob] 341 SARoica [Sardi/p] 347 LAooicea [La6disa]36l TABLE XXVI. Fathers, Heretics, S;c. FJourishea Ad. Dom HERMas PASTor lUerm--pasiaul] 65 CLEmens Rowanus [Cle-romaM^] 65 loNAtiiis [Ignabza] 101 PoLYCARp [Polycaruzei] lOS Justin MARtyr [Jus-marfcoz] 140 iRenseus [Iraspl 167 THeophilus Antiochenus [Thask] 168 AxHCNagoras [Athnopp] 177 CLemens AlExandrinus [Cl-fexa«e] 192 TEKTullian [Tertand] 192 MiNutius F-elix [Min-fciez] 220 ORigen [Or etzj 230 Gregory TnAuaiaturgus [Thaumelf} 254 CYPRian martyred [Cypre/^] 258 LACTANtius [Lactan/^<] 303 ARNobius lArntyf] 303 Eusebius PAMphilius [Eu-pam/a/] 315 AxHAnasius [AthatoJ 326 CYRil of Jerusalem [Cyr-jiZz] 350 HiLARy [Hilari//] 354 EpiphanIus [Epiphana/t] 368 EpHraim Syrus [Eph-syr/oiz] 370 BasII MAcnus [Bas-magto'z] 370 GREGory NAzianzen [Greg-naz/ojz] 370 MacarIus [Macarjp/] 373 AMBROse [Ambro/po] 374 Jeeomc [Jeromtoik~_ 37 s EvAorius [Evag/eiz' 380 CHRONOLOGICA ET HISTORICA. 41 Flouri ilifd An. Dom RtTFinus [Ruftrtz] 390 Ausxin or Augustin [Austins] 396 CnRYSostom [Chryso/ofe, Valentady, Marcboz, Hermogapy, Montape, Vau-samdauz, Novdwa, Manep/J, DonafeH, Eunomi^awz, Prisci/pn, Pelagi(52w. Cels6M2, HierocUze Porphepj/, Zos/eZ. TABLE XXVII. Popes, Authors, Famous Men, <^c. An. rom. LiBEEius [Liber/Ze] 352 Zosimus [Zosoap] 417 LEO-Mag [Leo-mq^] 444 GELAsius [Gelaso«eJ 49^ Joan [Joankof] 844 Urbiii VI. 7 Anti- CLEraent VII. J Popes. lUrh-s-Cle-p-utoip] 1377 Leo X. \_L-az-blaQ 1513 GREGory XIII. [Gregohi-liupe] Sextus Qcixtus [S-quin-a/eiQ CLEment VIII. [Cle-k- aloud] SANCHoniathon ISanchabout] HERODotus [He- rodqftis'] Manetho [|Ma- nethe/i?/] Beeosus [Berodiou] }l572 }l585 1 1592 Bef. Christ } } 1193 456 280 269 Bef. HiPPARchus [Hip-^ parS^e] J An. Onkelos [^OnkelA-oi] Tacitus [Tacitozei] AulusGELlius[Gel-\ aad] f PAUsanias [Pausafo] GALen [Gal6a/] Diogenes Laertius ") [Laertfcop] J Pru Dentins [Prudinp] EuTEOpius [Eu- ") trop/eA-^ J MsELin [Merlopoi] HEsycHius [He- ") sch/oM??] / PROcopius [ProcoHp] AGATHJas [Agath- 1 laup] t GiLDas [Gildusp] BsDe [Bedsaus] Christ 162 Oom. 87 108 112 134 143 147 397 428 477 499 537 56'7 567 666 CHRONOLOk^HCA ET HISTORICA. 43 ] } 1191 1158 An- Oom ZoNARAS rabbakl GRAxian [Grmtabla] 1151 BALsatnon [Bal aboub^ Petrus LoMbardus ") ILombalk] J THOMas Aauinas [Thorn -aquac/ii] PETRarch [Petvattu'] 1335 Ptol. GEoGRaph "» j^_ [Ptol-geogiY//i] J Copernicus [^**"\i4.7q pernicn/oit] J S}-^ 63 Tycho Brahe Tychbtusl GALiLaeo [Gali \asfe] Erasmus obit [Erasm«/s] Robert Srephens ob. [Ro-st/ww] TuRNcbus [Turn- laul] HExry STF.phens ob. [Hen-ste/si] Thuanus Histori- cus [Thuan^^p] An. Duni. I 1546 I 1642 }l536 }l559 I 1565 J1563 J1617 The Memorial Lines. LiberZ/e, Zosoap, Leo-mq/f, Gelaso«e, .Toan/io/, Urh-s-C\e-p-atoip, L-az-blat, S-qmn-aleil, Cie-lc-aloud, Gregobi-bilpe. Sanchabout, Herodo/ws, Maneiheky, Hippariw, Be- rodsou. OnkelA-oi, Ge\aad, Tacitdzei, Pausa/o, Ga.\bot, Laert/*op, Prudinp, Eutrop/eAr, Merlopoi, Heschfuun, Pvocolip, Agiihlaup, GiMusp, Bedsaus, Zonar&bbak, Gratabla, halaboub, hombalk, Thom-aqua(?si, Petra//M, Ptol-giiogra/z, Tych6/os', Copernica/oj<, Galihisfe, Erasmuts, Ro-st/7<», Tuvnlaul, Hen-stelsi, Thuansap. The Time when ami Author or famous Man flourished may also be known in general, as follows. Julius Caisar ViTHUvius in the time of Dionysius HAncarnas- \ sensis under S Strabo SiLius Italicus Quintus CuRxius PLuxarch \ Appiau J AuGUStUS TiBerius Nero VESpasian TRAJan 44 MEMORIA TECHNICA. ARRian JloKr'uhed under ANToninus Pius ULpian SEverus PRospei' 1 OrosIus f- THEodosius junior Zosimus J JoRNandes JusTinian The Memorial Lines. Vitruv-jul, Halic-aug, Strab-tib, Sil-Itdl-nero, Cuit- vesp, P]ut-Appi-tra, Arri-antP, Ulp-sev, Pros-Or6Z-theo, Join 'just. TABLE XXVIII. The Founders of Ike Slates of Europe. ' Bishop of Rome Pope Imperii Oaientis Emperor of Con- STantinople TuRKish Emperor Emperor of the Ro- Mans King of IxALy in the Empire 'S ^ Emperor of Ger- many King of Francc King of Spain King of PoRTugal King of Scoxland Kingof ENoland King of PoLand H An. Dom. 43 154 303 95 St. Peter [Pe//] Hvcinus [Hyga^o] GALerius [Ori-galtt/t] ARcadius [Const- 1 arctoiil] 3 OxTOMan [Turk- ") ^ oitomadiioi] S Julius Caesar before ") Chr. [Rom-ju/«] / Ocoacer [Ital-odops] 46 476 800 420 410 CHARLCMagne [Ger- ) charlme^g'] | PHARAMond [Fran- \ pharamdc/^] f AxHaulphus 7 [Sp-ath/az] J ALphonsus [Port-1 alabin] p^^^ Fergus before Christ") „„^ [Scot-ferg/id] J -^"^^ Egbert [EngA-eA:] 828 BoLeslaus [Ptol- ^ bola//0 I ^ 1000 CHRONOLOGIC A ET HISTOIIICA. 45 At). Dom. m r King of DiiNniark Olaus [Den-olaA- ) ,,„,, ^ zou] f ^"-^ Ling of SwEcIeti Bcro [SwE-B/iii] 831 5 r r/je Memorial Line.s, Veft, Wygalo, Ori-gal/j/<, Const-arc7o«/, Turk-otto- madnoi, Rom-ju/i, Ital-6[lop.y, Ger-charlm<-ig', Fran-pharamJ(/y, Sp-ath/in P/otence Onansre J Poicxiers in Or/eannois ^..^..^. The Memorial Lines. Axnpica, Visle, lloiinor, Troy-rheicham, R6nbreta, I'o'ictorl, Bourdgui, Thoulang, Grendaii, 'D\^6nburg, Aix-mar & Ovprov, IN THE NETIIEULANns. Mindleburg in ZeaXvind De venter in Ouenjssel LEUWARtlen in i^r /island BrusscIs in Brabant Brugcs in Flanders CuARLeroy in Namur > in Fla uders DuxKirk DouAy MoNS 1 • rr • u r^ J- in Haiiisiuit L/AMRray J Loo in GueWerland ANTwerp in Brabant The Memorial Lines, Midzea, Dev6veri/ss, heuwiirfries, Brdsbraba, Brugfian, jCharl/mwj, Dunk-duua^a«c/, Mon-camb/jaiA/, hooguel & Antbrab. IN GERMA>fY. } cli. towns in \ LOW.iSaxony 1 in Upper r -^ HAMBurg' HANover VViTten- berg f Saxony HEidelburg ) in Lower (JoLogne J Rhine Muxich in Bavaria AuGsburg in Saabia Franc fort in Upper Rhine NuKemburg in Franconia MuNster in JVeslphaW.i c. , ■) in Upper SxRAsbourg > J),- ' Clevcs in JVestphdWa ViENNa in Austria MEMORIA TECHNICA. The Memorial Lines. Hamb-hanosal, Witsup, Hei-colr/iz'loj Muntarar, Aug- suab, Francr/jup, NurF^ Manswest, StrasrAup, Cleviveslpha, Yienn Aust. IX SPAIN. PAMPELuna in NavsLrre SARAGOssa in Arragon Burgos in CasiWe velus MADrid in Castile nova ToRTosa in Ca/alonia BiLboa in Biscay CoMPosieila in Ga/licia SEville in Andalusia BARcelona in Catalonia OViedo in Aslaria The Memorial Lines. Biibis, Composgal, Sewandal, Barcatal, Ovast, Pampelnav, Saragar, BuTgcas-vet, Mad-ca-no Tovtcal. IN TURKEY INf EUROPE. TERGOvisk in JValachia HERMan- ) in Transyl- stadt f vania Cnoczim in 3foldavia o . 1 chief town in SoPHia > D ; ■ ^ Bulgaria BKLcrade in Servia Sekaio in Bosnia SpALatro in Dalmatia CoNsxanti- SALOxichi in 3/acedonia j nople Carl Stat in Croatia I The Memorial Li?ies. Sophbul, Beigservi, Seraibos, Spalda, Salonniac, Carhcro, Teigowalach, Hermtransi^l, Chcczi7?/o, Con- Strom. >in i^fweania TABLE VII. Remarkable Places (sparsim) in Europe. FoNTARAbia in Biscay RATisbon in Bavaria PADua in Fe?iice NiMeguen in Gttelderland OLiva in Prussia CoNSxance in Suabia Aix-la-Cha-\ in Wesi- pelle f phalia MoNTPE-^ in Langue- tier f doc CASsel in Upper Rhine ARcnangel in Divina HocHstet 1 • -D ,, . > in Bavaria St. Omers in Arlois VERoen ) in lower BREMen j ^«xony MAGDebuig in lo. Saxony CALais in Picardy BAoen in Suabia GEOGRAPHICA. B9 BENevENto in Nap\es BiiEDa in Brahant Cadiz in Andalusia AciNcourt in Jrtois MiTtaw in Courland MALAga in G'ra/mila Triets in /ower R/iine MAEsrrich in Limburg }in iVor»7jandy VALEDOLid in Old Castile ToLedo in New Castile Meaux in Champagne SoissoNs in hie of France Avicnon in Proience NAssaw in ypper Rhine CiTADELla in Minorca CAcliari in Sardinia PALERmo in Sic'dy bLESwick in J»/land BAsria in Corsica Cracow in Poland parva WARsaw in Mazovia BERGEn in Norway Copenhagen in Zealand NiSMes in Langiiedoc CHRisxiana in .^ijg'erhuys T^^N in Piedmont Riga in Livonia Rocnelle in Or/eannois GOttenburg in Gothland LuNDcn in Sconen CRESsy in Picardy SALAMANca in Leon Zell in Lower Saxony CHAMberry in Savoy Dantzic in Poland Stock- ") in ^ji-eden holm / proper l*BEsburg in up. Hungary CoRDOVa in Andalusia CARxhagena in Murcia BEsan- 1 in Franche c^on j Comt6 Liege in H^eslphaUa CREMona in Milan ■n . ") in the Penin- BATCHI- f ITT -^..i > sula oi Little serai l t . NANcy in Lorrain LEohorne 1 • ^ „ >m luscany b LORence J •' GENeva in Switzerland Lisbon in P-ortugal RAGUsa in Dalmatia BREslaw in Silesia PiiAGue in i^ohemia SxExin in Pomerania PEUpignan in i?o!/sillon TKENt in Tyrol SxRASBurg in Alsace PoLa in htria Posega 1 PeterwA- > in Sclavonia RAdin 3 BERLin in Brandenburg DfiEsden ") . « r ■ > m oaxony Leipsic J '' RAvenna in /?omagna LoRETXo in ^Hcona Rousil- \ part of Catalo- lon J ?n'a ScLAVonia of Hungary Tyrol of ^?«/ria PoMerania ^ p yy BRANoenburg > £, ^P^ ^ ^ j i-axony and ~) of the late Vene- IsxriaJ tian territories 60 MEMORIA TECHNICA. Jerry 1 INJOU 3 A,-""-^ J- of Or/eannois TT C part of Lower HoLsxem < » ^ I oaxony CApitanate part of Naple? r part of the ANCona J Papacy or KoMagna J states of the (_ Church LiMOsin part of Guienne The Memorial Lines. Fontaraiisc, 'Raiibav, Padren, 'Nimguelder, Olivprus, Constsuab, Aix-la-chawes/, I\Iontpel/«?2g-j CassrAup & Archdwin, Hoch-blenhetaj;, Omerart, Verdbrerasa-io, Magdsa-Io, Ca\pic, Badsiiab, Benvennap, Bredbrab, Cadandal, Ag'mcurt, yiitcourland , Maiagran, Trierhi-l, MaestUmLur, Ha- vrednonn, ValedoloC, Tol?je«;C, MeaMxcham, Soissisle & Avig- prov, Nassr/i-H/), Citadelwiin, Cagsarrf, Vahrsici, Slesjut, Bastcorsic, Craco/;o/p, Warsmazov, Bergewo, Copzeal, 'Sismlangued, Christc/gg, Turinpied, Riga/i. RochorZ. GoG, Lund.?con, Cresspic, Salamanc/e, Ze\ha\o, Cham- sav, Bantzizpol, StocksAyep, Yri.s-uphung, Cordandalu, Cartm 111', Besfran-com, hiegervest, Crewmil, Batch /ar/a-pe,NanZor, Log-Flor/?<*c, Genswitz, LisP, Ragdal, Bressile, Fragbo, Stetpomeran, Perprows, Trentyr, Strashalsa, Folistri, Pos-wai-asc/au, Berlbran, Dres-Leipsax, Ravro, Lo- rettrt«c, Bouscatalon, Sclavhung, Tyrolaust, Pora-brand-sa^up, Istcen, Anc-Rorapcf/J, Limoguienn, Berr-AnjorZ, Holst^alo, Capnap. TABLE VIII. Some chief Cities and remarkable Places in Asia, Africa, and America. pEKin capital of China AoRa in India CHAMBalu in Tartary Ispahan in Persia ALEPpo capital o£ Syria Cairo in -Egypt GEOGRAPHICA. 61 Fez in Barbary DAAra in Bildutgcvid ToMBUtc in iVe^Toland Mo NO MO- ^ in j^lhioY)iii topa ^ superiov DANGola in Nubia ,, > in jl£tkiop\ii ^ itijenor S. Fe in Granada. S. SAi.vador in Brazil S. Jaoo in Chili Assumption in Paraguay QuEBec in Canada PHiLadel-7 in Pcnsilva- plna j nia Jamcs Town in Virginia BALximore in JVforyland I' PouTrosc- \ in Nova. I way f iS'totia I AsTRAchan in Tartavy i Nicosia in Cyprus Movsul ■> . 7-i ..I „ „ , ^ >■ in Diarhec BAc;dat J SMVRna in NaloMa Azov in Circassia NATolia ^ p^^.^^ ^f ^^'l K Turkey ^'^'^'^ . I in Asia luRcomania./ j MiNcrelia of Georgia CARamania '\ofNaio- ' Am Asia I lia NATolia proj). j Jargely I ALADulia J taken The Memorial Lines. Pekc/jjH, hgvind, C\\amhlart, Isppers, Alepsyr?, CairE, Fezbarb, Daabildul, TombHC^, Monoma^th-sjipe, Dang- nub, Chaxwth-inf, ¥igran, SaUbraz, Jagochili, Asspar, Quchcanadii, Vhilpeus, Jamvirgin, Bahynary, Vortno-sc. \straclarl, isicocyp, Mous-Bagdia, Smyrna/, Azovcirc. Nat-Syri-Di-Turc/ur, Minggeorg, Car-Araas-Nat- A: iiiat. TABLE IX. Latitude and Longitude of the most remarkable Places. To the beginning of the name of the place is added a technical ending, consisting, of three or four letters, the two first whereof denote the latitude, the other the longitude : thus> Stock/o«-aA-, i. e. SxocKholtn in the 59th degree G 62 MEMORIA TECHNICA. of latitude, and 18 of longitude; lou standing for 50, according to the general key, and ak for 18. But this is not the exact longitude and latitude of the place, because no minutes are taken notice of, which would perhaps be a nicety not worth remembering: but that the latitude is between 59 and 60, and the longitude between 18 and 19 ^ And it is farther to be observed, that if of the two letters which signify the longitude and latitude, the first is a consonant, as in lou, in that case, though the longitude, &c. is be- tween 59 and 60, yet it is nearer to 60 than it is to 5^, and consequently 59 degrees 30 minutes at least, if not more. If the first letter is a vowel, as in ak, though it is between 18 and 19, yet it is nearer to the lesser number, and consequently 1 8 degrees and under a half; as the true longitude of Stockholm is 18 deg. 22 min. the true latitude 59 deg. 30 rain. Lat. Lon. fEERgen [Ber.yy-/] 60 5 SrocKholni ") i>9 18 55 38 [Stock/oz<-oA;] Moscow [Mos- lu-tei] Copenhagen [Cop/«-6e3 PARis [Par/X:-e] Cracow [Cra- cilz-ez] Vienna [VioA:-ap] MADRid [Ma- \^ dvoy-t'] J RoMe [Roni/li-ie] 41 1<2 } } 55 12 48 2 50 20 48 17 40 3 CoNstantinople ^Cono6-/a] PRAGue [Prag- ly-bo']^ DANTzic [Dantz!(/-6ei] Basil [B4sil/oi-p] Baussels 7 Brus/v-oJ 3 fGiBraltar \ [Gihtau-s] J fSjiyrna [Smi/t- \ dou'] j TRoy [Troy-e«] Lat. Lon. 41 31 } } } 54 47 50 14 18 7 4. 50 26 6 38 29 40 29 ' This accuracy bath not been altogether observed in those- places which have this mark (f) placed before them; the assign- in" to them their respective degrees of longitude and latitude being intended only to enable the learner to remember in what' part of the globe they are situated. GEOGRAPHICA. 63 ] ] 31 36 36 .38 32 44. 25 27 52 21 -31 34 } 41 J 38 33 } 1 23 } Lut. I.un. fjERUsalem [Jeru37 25 [Tercerip-el] J fMAneira Isles 1 [MadiZ-Ci/] S "^ tBARbadoes ") , [BariM-/a] P^ ^^ Ferro one of 1 the Canary Isles > 28 IS [FerrcA:-a^] j t Quebec 1 „^ [Quop-pii-] j*" '^ is fixed at London. 42 11 85 20 59 It may be convenient to remember the exact longi- tude and latitude of some particular places j asj g2 64 MEMORIA TECHNICA. Lat. deg. min. Long. deg. mis. Loxdon [L6n/a, i6] 51 31 00 00 Ferro Is]. [Ferr^p, op-ap, i/] 27 47 17 35W Oxford [Ox/u,/4-6, o/] 5146 OlloW RoMe [R6m/a, lo-bt, doul 41 51 12 29E The Memorial Lines. 'Bersy-U Stock/ou-«A-, Moslu-tei, Coplu-be, Vzxfk-e, Craciiz-ez, Viok-ap, Madroy-t, Romfd-be, Conoh-ta, Vragly-bo, 'Dantziif-bei, B^sil/oi-p, Brus(y-o, Gihtau-s, Smik-dou, Troy -en, Jer\ita-ls, Alepis-Ui, Bhoioi-ie, Bahii-fo, Athik-elj Idil-doi, Warsiid-eb, A\exib-if, HeUii-p, Lis/et-iz, Naplo6-Z>«, yiessik-bau, Caxthii-by, Isanfei-s, Ispte-oti, Agrek-oit, Siamaf-ga, Japto-bay, tormdi-g, Astrop-lau, Vekmoz-bap, GHobi-sou, Spitpisou, Aichsu-fe, Bengdd-oul, Venfi-ad, Cairdou-il, Leipsui-aJ, Hecsl-at, Isinto-fe, Be\bd-ku, K^cez-loti, Bevmta-lou, Jak-ky, Tevcerip-el, 'Madit-ed, "Perrek-ak, Baibu-la, Quop-pu. hdnla, ib; Ferrep, op-ap, il ; Ox/a, fs-b, al; E6m/a, lO'b^, dou. TABLE X. Dislmice of chief Cities, Sfc. from London, in English Miles. To the beginning of the name of the place there are two or three letters added, which are to be supplied with a cypher at the end ; it being thought sufficient to give a round number, instead of being too exact, especially in a matter wherein the best geographers themselves are not agreed : as, [Madrew] MADEid distant from London S6, sc. 860 miles. Copenhagen [Cop^a] distant about 6I, sc. 610. GENEva [Genetos] distant 46, sc. 460 miles ; and so of the rest, only PARis [Fardel] 225. GEOGRAPHIC A. 65 Noic, That tlie computations are made at the rate of 69^ sUitute miles to a degree, which is nearest the truth, and are therefore about one part in seven more than in Mr. Templeman's tables, who computes by geometrical miles of GO to a degree. DISTANCES FROM LONDON. Eng. miles. Eng. miles. Paris [Part/e/] 225 Pnague [Prouf] 050 ll-ome [Roh/] 950 GiBRaltar [Gibrats] II60 MADRid [Madrm] 86O ! WAnsaw [VVars««] 950 ViENna [Vien/i-e] 820 ' Sxockholm [^ioup] 970 Copenhagen [Copi'fl] 61O 1 Dantzic [Dantzi/ry] BOO GtNEva [Genevan] 4f)0 | CoNsxantinople ) ^^^q Moscow [Moscas*] I66O ; [Constasg] / DISTANCES FROM JERUSALEM. BABylon [Babo/ij/] 480 1 DAMascus [Dam- \ ^ ^^ NAzareth [Naz/f//] 80 , huz] J S.\Maria [Samo/] 45 1 ANxioch [Antie] 300 From Dan to BEEUsheba [Dan-a-beer^/oz] 240 The Memorial Lines. Fardel, Boul, Madreis, VienAe, Copsa, Geneves, Moscafs, Praul, Gibra^^s, Warsn?/, istoup, DantziAy, ConstQ.S£:. Babo/ry, NazAi/, Samo/, Dambuz, Antig+ Dan-a-b^errfoz, TABLE XI. The Proportion of the Countries of Europe to Great Britain, that Island being the Unit. Russia [Russ- \ .^ 1 PoLand [Pol/,iH] 3,39 azJA} / ^"'^'^ iTuRkey [Tur/,aA-] 3,18 GRRMany ) o f;" i ^^''*'" [Spajca] 1 ,81 [Germ<,MO /' ' j pRance [Fra^p] 1 ,7 Sweden [Swi,«*] 3 ,66 | 'Ixaly [Itfc-an] 1 ,19 » With Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia. G 3 66 MEMORIA TECHNICA. * DE^fMArk [Dinmab,on i) TJNited PRovin- ces" [Un-pr,afc] SwiTZERland" [Switzer,6ot] Britain } } ,11 ,17 1 ,49 PoRtugal [Por, Valencia, j ' Including Norway and Iceland, " Now in possession of France. GEOGRAPHICA. 67 In the Mediter- ranean e ■ • > S. of Genoa rCoSard;?enl SARDinia J L o J Sicily south of iVaples [SiciHaJ CANoia south of the Arcliipe- \ [Caml- /ago / archpel'] Corfu west of BiUr'mto [Corf^M*] CEPHAlonia W,T r [Cepha- ZANTe W. > of the iVorea J Zant- CErigo S.J (^ Cemo] NEGropont east of Litadia [NegZji;] The Memorial Lines. Icenor, FunZealjM^ MiMajorcYro/enci, CoSard^fn, Sicina, Candarc/j/je/, Corfbut, CephaZantCewio, Neg/iu. II. ASIATIC ISLANDS. JAPan E. of North China [JadnorCh] FoKMOsa E. of SoMth China. [FormosovChin^ PHiLippine Isl. E. of the! [Philip£a\/ Eastern Peninsula J Pen] LADrone Isl. E. of the P/iilippines [Ladpki'} MoLUcca Isl. E. of the 1 tat i „di? ,-\ Eastern P-eninsula j l^^o\ncPEasf] Isles of the Sound S.E. of\ fSound- the Eastern F-eninsula J PEasl] MALdives S. ) of the Western -) [Mal-Cey- CEvlon E. 5 P-eninsula J PJVest] >S. of A^a/olia [RhodCypHfl/o] ranean t J T ^1 /'STALimene^ JV JM^telin t TaT |S^^° I ® LSamos J The chief of the MoLucca Isles are CELfbes or Macassar, GiloIo, CEEam, A.MBoyna. The chief of the PaiLippines are MANilla and Min*- Danao. Isles of the Sound, the chief are SuMAtra, Bornco, and jAva. In the Eastern -; Ocean. In the r^ry AT A-4. ) Rhodc Mediter-< ^ ^ Cyp ru W. of iVato- lia N. to S. ) rStalMeSci. ) Samno/] 68 MEMORIA TECHNICA. The Memorial Lines. .UpnorCh, FormusouChin, Philip£a^/Pe?J, La(\phi, Mo\\icPEast, SoundPEast, M&\C6y PWest, Rhod-Cypna ,.,, , ^ ,. > [liermcar] Carolina J '- -" ANTiUes Isles south of LMcayos Isles [Antil/wc] The chief of the Lvcayos Islands are BAhama, Lucayone, I'Kovidence. The chief of the CARibbee Islands are BARBadoes and the Leeward Isles, viz. St. CHBistopher's, Axxigua, ToBago, &c. The chief of the Antillcs Islands are Cuba, Ja- Maica, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, The Memorial Lines. Newf/ior-Sco^, Caligrart, Caribarif, LuF, Bermcar, AntiUuc. Luc=Ba-Lu-Prov; Cari-=Barb, Chr-Ant-Tobi An- till=Cu-Jam-Hisp-Ric. TABLE Xin. The viost remarkable of the lesser Brilish Isles. . \ \ c -i'^^orth of -Scotland [Ork-shetHo-ic] Holy Island east of A^br^/nimberland [Holynorth'] CANVey Isl. 1 near the mouth! Essex [Canvess] SHEPpey Isl. \ > of the Thames > J.. [Shep- THANet I J in j ^^"^ thanA'ew] ANclesey west of C<7ernar^ onshire [Angcaerw] Man west of Lancashire [Man/nn] RAMsey over against St IJatid's 7 m j • -i Point in Pembrokeshire j [Ramdan-pm] Wight (VECtis) .S'. of Hampshire [VecS-/»o»n] GuERHsey 7 on the Coast of 7 r^ • -i jERsey i iVomandy J [Guer-jerca-»or] Western Isl. (Eaudije) IVest of -Scotland [Ebwe-sc^ 70 MEMORIA TECHNICA. The Memorial Lines. Oi-k-shetno-sc. \io\ynorih, Canvess, Shep -than tew, & Angcaern, 'Maxilan, liXB.mdavi-pem, VecS-Jiam, Guer-jerco-nor, JLhwe sc. TABLE XIV. Ancient Europe, Asia, und Jfrica. I. Ancient EUROPE, by way of accommodation to the present divisions of it, may be divided into, 1. Northern; containing ScAndinavia, Ffiningia, part of SARMatia, CiMBrica Chersonesus, CoDanonia Insula. 2. Middle; containing GERmania, the rest of S-ar- matia, G-alh'a Transalpina or Celtogalatia, Rnffitia, V-indelicia, NOricum, part of PAnnonia, D-acia. 3. Southern ; containing Iseria, ixAlia, the rest of P-annonia, iLLyricum, McEsia, G-rsecia, Tnracia. EUR=Sca-Fe, Sarm, Cimb-Cod; Ger-S, G-RhcE- V-No-Pa-D; Ib-Ita-PIll-MoeG-Th. II. ASIA Antiqua may be divided into, 1, Northern; containing ScYXHia Asiatica, Sog- Dianaj CoLchis, Iseria, ALBania. 2. Middle; containing Asia iVf-inor, ARMcnia ; Syria, MEsopotamia, Assyria, Mnnia, Hyrcania, BACxriana, ARacnosiaj BABylonia, Susiana, Pab- xiiia, AKia, DRANgianaj PERsis, CARamania, Ge- DROsia. N-orth part of iNoia, Ssrica, SiNae. a. Southern; containing ARabia, the two P-enin- sulas of iNoia. AS=ScythiSogd, Col-Ib-AIb ; Asm-Arm, Sy-Mes- Ass-Med-Hy-BactArch, Bab-Sus-Parth-AriDran, Pers-Car -Gedro; N.Ind-Se Sin 1 Ar-P-Ind. GEOGRAPHIA ANTIQUA. n III. AFRICA was anciently divided into, 1. Northern; containing MAuritania, T-ingitania, and C.Esariensis, NuMioia, Africa Propria, Liova, (comprehending Cvuenaica and MARmarica) £-gypt ; G/KTuli, GABAinantes, NASamones, PsvLli. 2. Middle; containing LiBva DEserta or interior, comprehending the Atlantcs, PiiAurusii, Niorita;, NuBia, .Exuiopia. 3. Southern; containing the Lt;uCiETuiopes, EREMbi or TroglodytcE, BLEMmyes. AF = Maur- Cces - Numid-Af/) - Liby.(Cyr-Mar)-E ; Gu'tGara-NasPsyl ; Libydes = AtlantPhauNig-Nub-J£th ; Leucaeth- EremBlem. TABLE XV. Ancient Italy and Greece, Asia Minor, Syria, and Palestine. 1. Ancient ITALY may be distinguislied into two general parts ; Gallia Cisalpina to the north, and Italy, primarily so called, to the south. The several people of Gallia Cisalpina were these: " LiGures, TAurini, Segusiani, SAL.ssi, LKPontii, EuGanei, Rn^xi, CARni, Istri, VENeti: (south of the P-o these) A-nanes, BOii, LiNGones, Senohcs; (north of the Po these) Lisici, L.tvi, iNsubres, Oftobii, CENomani. Ixalia, primarily so called, or the south parts of Old Italy, comprehending these following countries and people : ' ExRuria or Tyrrhenia, SAnini, LAtium, CAra- pania, Picentini, G-ruecia magna ; ^ UMbria, Pice- * Lying in order along the AI])s. y Lying in order on the Mare Inferum. ^ Lying in order on the Mare Supcrum. 72 MEMORIA TECHNICA. num, V-estini, MArucici, pHentanij Apulia; ^Mae- si, PELigni, SAMNium, HiRpini. Cis— Lig-Tau-Se-Sa-Lep-Eug-Rhget-Car-Is, Ven (P) A-Bo-Ling-Sen. Lib-Laev-Ins-Oro-Cen It = Etru-Sab-La-Ca-Pi-G, Um-Pi-V-Ma-Fr-Ap Mars-PeliSamn-Hirp, II. Ancient GREECE was usually divided into five general parts, viz. MAcedonia, TnESsalia, Epirus, HELlas or Grsecia properly so called, and PELopon- nesus. GR^=MaTh, Epir-HelPel 1. PELOPonnesus was divided into six parts or re- gions, viz. **AcHaia, Ens, Messenia, LAConia, Angia or Argolis, "^ARCAoia. PELOP=Ach-Eli-Mess-Lac-Ar-Arcad. 2. Epirus contained these people and countries, viz. CHAones, DaYopes, THESPROTii, CASsiopaei, Am- PHiLochi, ALmene, MoLossi, AcABXANia. Ep = Chao-Dry, Thesprot-Cass-Amphiloc, Al-Mol Acarnan. 3. Hellas, or GR^Ecia PROPRia, (called also Achaia,) was divided into eight parts, viz. DOris, Locnis- 'EP'iaiefnidia, .-Exolia, LocRis-Ozotea; Paocis, Bffiotia, MEcaris, Axxica. Gr^-propri = D6-Locref), iEto-Locro2,-Pho,-Boe- Meg-Att. 4. THEssalia contained these several parts, viz, PELASgiotis, Esxiotis, THESsaliotis, PhtkioIis, M-ag- nesia. THESs = PelasEstTh^s3-Phthi-M ^ In the inland parts. b Lying in order on the Ionian, Mgeaa, and Cretan sea. ^ In the inland. GEOGRAPHIA ANTIQUA. 73 5. Some of the more remarkable people and coun- tries of ^MACEdonia were, TAULantii, P.-Eones, Myg- nonia, ^^ilMATHia, AMPHaxitis, Pieria. MACE = Taul-Pa?o-Mygd-yEmath -AmphPi. ASia vi-'inor comprehended ASia p-ropria, BixHy- nia, POntus, GAlatia, 'CAPPadocia: — Lvcia, Pam- I'HYlia, CiLicia. Asm = As/)-Bith-P6-Ga-Capp : Lyci-Pamphy-Cil — ASia p-ropria contained PiiRVGia inin-or, Mvsia tni-nor, Mysia m-ujor, .EoLis, loxia, Lvoia, PHRYgia ma-jor, CARia, DOris. As;) = Phrygi»HJn-Mysi»iiil/, JEol Ioni-Lyd-PHRY7«a, CarDo." GALatia comprehended PoNtus GAj.Aticus, PAPnla- gonia, GALAtia p-ropria, ISauria, and part of Pisidia; the otlicr part of which, with the regions of Carbalia, was contained in Pamphylia. Gal = PongalaPaphGalap Is-pis. SvRia was divided into four parts: SyRia p-ropria, PncENicia, CcELosyi-ia, PALestina. pALestine was distinguished into GAuila^a, Sa- MAria, JuD^a, PEiiKa or Judaea beyond Jordan, iDUMaea. SvR = Syr;jPhcen-CcElo-Pal. Pal = GalSamaJudae- Per Idum. TABLE XVr. Ancient Gallia, Germania, Iberia, Britannia. 1. GALLia was divided by Augustus into four parts or provinces, viz. Gallia BELgica, Gallia CELxica, d Among the several regions of Cappadocia was Lycaonia. H 74. MEMORIA TECHNICA. cr Lugcliinensis, Gallia Aauitanica, and Gallia Nae- Donensis. [Gall^rBelCeltAquiNarb.] '2. The inhabitants of ancient GERMany were com- prehended under four general denominations^ viz. In- Gaevones, VANDalij IsTaevones, HERmiones. [^GERM=:Ing-Vand 1st- Her.] 3. IsERia, or ancient Spain, was distinguished into three general parts, viz. TARraconensis, Lusitanica, B-cetica [lBERi=TarLuB.] 4. BRiTannia, according to the last division by the Romans, was distinguished into five parts, viz. VALencia, IVlAxima Ccesariemis, BRixannia se-cundu, pLAvia Ccesariensis, BRixannia prim-a, [BRiT = Val, Max, Brit*e-Fla, Britpri?«.] Gall = BelCeltAquiNarb, Germ = Ing-Vand Ist-Her. I = TarLuB. Brit =Val Max, Britse-Fla, Britpriro. The Memorial Lines for all the ancient Geography. EUR = Sca-Fe, Sarm, Cimb-Cod ; Ger-S, G-Rhoe-V- No-Pa-Dj Ib-Ita-PIll-MceG-Th. AS = ScythiSogd, Col-lb-Alb; Asm-Arm, Sy-Mes- Ass-Med-Hy-BactArch, Bab-Sus-Parth-AriDran, Pers-Car -Gedro; N.Ind-Se Sin ; Ar -P-Ind. AF = ^lauT -Ca;s- Numid - Afp-Liby-(Cyr - Mar)-E ; GaetGara-NasPsyli Lihy des = AtlantPhauNig- Nub - ^Eth ; Leucaeth- EremBlem. Cis = Lig-Tau-Se-Sa-Lep-Eug-RhBet-Car-Is, Vfen (P) A-Bo-Ling-Sen. Lib-Lecv-Ins-Oro-Cen It = Etru - Sah - L^-Ca-Pi-G, Ura-Pi-V-Ma-Fr-Ap Mars-FeliSamn-Hirp. Gr^ = M4Th, Epir-HelPel. Pelop = Ach-Eli- Mess Lac-Ar-Arcad. Ep = Cliao-Dry, Thesprot-Cass-Amphiloc, Al-Mol Acarnan. GEOGRAPHIA ANTIQUA. 75 GRiE-PKOPRi=D6-Locrc/;, ^to-Locr(;z,-Pho,-Boe- Meg-Att. Thess = PelasEstThess-Phthi-M. Mace = Taul-Paeo- Mygd-iEmath-AmphPi. As7H = As/3-Bith-P6-Ga-Capp: Lyci-Pam])liy-Cil — Asp = Phrygiffii7i-MysiwiM, ^Eol Ioni-Lyd-Phry;««, CarDo. Gal = PongalaPaphGalap Ts-pis. Syr = SyrpPhcen-Coelo-Pal. Pal = GalSamaJiulx- Per Idum, Gall = BelCeltAquiNarb. Germ = Ing-Vand Ist- Her. I=TarLuB. Brit = ValMax, BriUe-Fla, Britprim. TABLE Remarkable Places in AsDERain Thracia. BERYtus in Phcenic'ia Helicoh in Phocis HALicARnassus in Doris in Asia, minor CHERontta in Boeotia. CANnaj in Peiuetia ARBcla Assyria. Granicus river of P/^rygia MiEander river of Lijdia. Tagus river of Liisitunia ISsus promont. of CUicia PATmos one of the Spo- rades Islands OLYMpia in EHs Pylus in il/e»sene MARATHon in Allica DELphos in Phocis SAMOSAta in Cowagene DyRRachium in 3/acedo- nia XVII. ancient Geography. THESSALonica in Am- pJiaxitis Nicomedia in Bithynia Nrssa in Me^aris AcKoceraunia mountain in Epirus CiTHteron m. in Bceotia HvMettus m, in .-^/tica Athos m. in il/«cedonia r, -^ ■ I mountams m PeLIOU > rrir r Ussa J MANTJnea in y^rcadia EpiDAurus in Laconia PELLa in Mmathia Acxium '\ ■ A . . > ni Acarnama AMuracia J } in / oma SMYRNa Ephcsus PERoamiis in Myxia LAODicea in Curia. h2 76 MEMORIA TECHNICA. Sardjs ^ THYAtira Vin Li/dia. PHiLadelphia J SARoica in Thrac'ia, CHALcedon in J5-ithynia CiRxium in Numidia. iLLiaeris in Hisp. Bcel'ica. ANcyra in Galalla, GANGra in Paphlagoma. SiRMium in P««nonia NEoc^sarea in Coppa- docia PHARsalia in ThessaVm ^PHiLiPpi in TJu-acia, LEuctra in Bceoiia. CLusiutn in Elruria Baisb in Campama. Tusculum in Latinva AguiLEia of the Carni EnEssa in Mesopotamia RHEcium in Calabria. TOmi in Mcesia DAMascus in Ca??o- Sea of Sola or Buckix Black or Eu.xine Sea .(^rc/jipelago Sea of Marmora Sea of Azov Strait of Gibraltar Strait of Coffa Strait of CoMs/antinople so MEMORIA TECHNICA. Ancient. HELLESPOntUS Sinus AdrIaticus Sixus SALAMinius Sinus GANgeticus Sinus PfiRsicus Sinus CoRiNTniacus Sinus ARABicus FRETum Siculum Sinus AMBracicus Mare Licusticura Sinus MAonus Mare TYRRhenum Present. Strait of the DarUanells Gulf of Venice Gulf of Engla Bay of Bengal Gulf of Balsora Gulf of Lep&nto Red Sea Straits of Messina Gulf of Larta Sea of Genoa Bay of Siam Sea of Tuscany Inlands, Rivers, and Towns. BALEares Ancient. Present. Thulc Iceland Ebusus Fuica C iVfrtjorca \ iVi inorca Ins. .^Olias Lipari Isles I. FoRTunataeCawaries ^HESperides C. Ferd TAPROBana Ceylon Cos Lango CRExe Candy CAssixerides Scilly Isles EuBoea vel Chalcjs iTHACa yEoiNa CEKNe LEUcas Lesbus > iVegropont IlediCo?rtpare Engia ** Maf/«gascar St. Maura Meteltn Ancient. PAxmos DioscoRides Lemhos Gadbs Cyrntus SALAmis CARPathus TfiiNAcria Cyt Heron M.^EXNA M. VEsuvius LacusTRA- simenus RuBicon Padus or ERiDanus Isxer Present. Palniosa Zocotra Stalirr.ene Cadiz Corsica Co/uri S cur panto Sicily Cerigo Gibel Soma Lake of Perugia Ftumec'mo Po Danube S Called also Gorgades. *i Madagascar is supposed by some to bj the Menulhias of ths ancients. GEOGRAPHIA ANTIQUA. 81 Ancient. Tan A is Rha BoRYsrhenes AKGENTOra- tum MoGuntium CoLonia Al- Lobrogum C&sipsala-back, zov, Fret-gddigib, Aclratiie«, Sin-salamcnor, red-S, Fret-sicuHie**, } Present. (jiuidal- quiver Don Volga Niejjer Slrashurg Mentz Geneva Ancien!. lloTHoniagia 'J'iGurum SAGunliim Cali'c CoLonia A- GHiPpina; LuGclunum LuGdunum B-atavoruin Present. 7^ Oil en Zurich Mvrvedro G'if/raltai- I Co /ojine f Lyons, Let/den ] The Memorial Lines. Eux6/ac^, Mgarch, Vro^munno, Mseot- Cimmcajf*, Thracicows^, Hellesp(/ar, G&v.heng, Persbals, Si-corinth/ep, Arab- Amhlarl, Ligugen, Sin-magsifl, Tyrr/M«c. Thulice, Ebusyz;, Ba.\ema-M, Molipari Yortcan, Hespverd, Taprohcei/l, Coslang, Cretcandy, Cass\tsdU, Chalc-eubHf^, Ithacomp, Mg'meng, Cenwiada, Leuc- maur, 'Leshmetcliri , Vatpalm, Dioscorroc, Ijemstali, Gatlcai/, Cyrncorsic, SalacoZ, CarpAC«?7>, Trinacszci, Cythcer, Mtnagi, VesuvAOOJ, Trasi/jcr, Rubi/ifuwi, Pad-Ei'idpo, Istdanu, Bactguadal, Tan&don, Rhavolga, Borystniep. Argentstras, Mogmentz, Col-aWgoi, Rothoro, Tigzur, Sagmorved, Ca.\pgib, Col-agripco/, Luglyo, hug-BLeijd. N. B. It was thought needless to give more exam- ples, especially of such as now have any likeness or affinity in their ancient names i as Tagus Taio, Sequa- niis Seyne, Rhetiiis Rhine, Garnmna Garonne, Zocijn- ihus Zante, Melila Malta, &c. 82 MEMORIA TECHNICA. GEOGRAPHIA SACRA. TABLE XX. The Platilation of the Earth after the Flood. And first, the several countries mentioned in holy Scripture, and denominated from some of the posterity ofSHEM. viz. OPHir, conjectured to be part of the East Indies, viz. Aurea C/iersonesus of the ancients [Ophc/jert] HAVilah, part of Szisiana and Caramania [Havisws- car.l ELAm, part of S«,yiana and Persis [E\asus-pers.'] AssnuR, or Assyria properly so called, into which Nimrod is said to come and build Nineveh, &c. [Asshur.] Aram, part of -Syria and Mesopotamia [Arimsy- mes.'] Land of Uz, Judaea peraea and the adjoining parts of ARAbia (/eserta and Petraea [Uzju/j-arad] ^ LuD, or Li/dia. in Asia minor [Ludlyd] The Memorial Li?ies. Ophchcrs, Hav'isus-car, 'Elasus-pers, krainsy-mes, Asshur, Uzjup-ara(/, Lud/?/d Countries mentioned in the Scriptures, and denomi- nated from the posterity of JAPHET, (eldest son of Noah,) whose family is supposed to have peopled, besides a considerable part of Asia, all Europe. MAoai, called by heathen writers Media [Mad] GoMER, thought to be Alb&ma, on the Euxine Sea [Goraera/6] ToGArmah, Cap\>adocia. [Togacop] AsHKEuaz, P/zrygia [Ashke/j/j] TuBal, Iberia in Asia [Tubi6e>i] MeshecH;, the country lying about the Montes GEOGRAPHIA SACRA. 83 Mnsch'ici, between Colchis and Armenia major. [Me- shechmoscli] MAGOg, the parts of Scythia. adjoining to the plant- ations of MeJiech, Tubal, and Gomer [Magscyihi- vir.sh'] J A van, ancient Greece [Javgree] l':Lisnah, or the Isles of Elisha, the Isles of the y^Ac/jipelago [Elishr/rc/)J Kinim understood of Italy, Dan. xi. .30. and of Macedonia in the book of Maccabees [Kitti west of Jordan E-phraim, Simeon j REUBsn, G-ad, the other half of 1 ^ ^ t j M-anasseh ) east of Jordan The several nations were the C'Anaanites, the GiR- cashites, the Hixtites, the Hivites, the AMoriteS; the jEbusites, and the P-erizzites. The Memorial Line. IsR=A-NeZe-M, LssMa -G, Dan-E -Reub, Si: Ca-Girg-Hit-Hiv, Am-Je-P. ■The Division of the Holy Land in the Netv Testament compared with the Divisions thereof among the ticelce Tribes in the Old Testament. GALilee contained A-sher, NEphtali, Z-ebulon, and Issachar [GAL = A-Ne-ZIss] ! SAMaria contained EpHraim, with the half of Ma- Nasseh [SAM=ManEph] Judeea contained Dan, parts of Simeon and Judah, with B-enjamin [Ju = DanSi-Ju-B] iDumsea contained the south parts of Simeon and J-udah, and some part of the land of E-dom [Idu = Si-JE] GEOGRAPHIA SACRA. 85 PtUffia contained R-euben, GAd, and the other half of M-anassch [PER = MGaR] The Memorial Line. GAL = A-NeZIss. SAM=r:ManEph. Ju = Dan Si-Ju-I$. lD = Si-J£;. PEn=MGaR. The land of EnoM Ijordered on the South of Judxa. [Edom^jud] The land of the MoAbites lay on the A^. £. of Edom [Mu&NEed] '1 he land of the AMmonites lay on the N. E. of Moah [AmNEni(Xil)'] The IsHrnaelites, MAcianites, and Analekites, lived promiscnously together, and therefore seem to be denoted by the common name of the Mingled People, or Arab'mns, from DIS tnhcuit, from whence the Greek appellation of "Agc«-v^, or ' Ag«€e« [Ish-mad- amdrubj The Memorial Line. EdomSjud, Mo^XEed, Am NEmoab, lsh-mad-amara6. TABLE XXII. The most remarkahle Rivers, iv'ith the Places tvhere they rise, and the Seas into which they fall. IN EUROPE. The VoLga, the greatest river in Europe, rises in itiwsia, and falls into the Caspian sea [Volr? ,, ,. T-- ri\ tju 1 n ( ^'ieaiterranean r ranee [Ib-Rhod7ne«J J The ELBe in Germany falls into the German Ocean [Elbger-ocl The Ooer in Germany falls into the Baltic [Od- halt] IX ASIA, T-igvis and EupHrates rise in Armenia major, and, having joined streams on the south-east of Mesopota- mia, fall into the Sinus Persians [y-Eupharm-siP] JoRoan rising in the border of XephtaVi, and passing through the lake of Gennesaret, falls into the Salt sea IJordnepIi-saif] GANges in /ndia falls into the Bay of Bengal lGin-I-bens2 IN AFRICA. The NiLe, running through the middle of Egypt, falls into the 3/ef/(terranean [Niln/eJi] The SENegal runs through Negroland into the At- lantic Ocean [Senar] The Memorial Lines. Vo\rus-ca, Dansvab-eux, Rhingris-gerO, Vistpo-la, 'SieP-eiix. Dwinrus-uhi. Taisp-atl-oc, Ib-Rhod/net/, Elbger-oc, Odhalt T-Euphorm-siP, Gan-/-6en^, Jordneph-salt ; Nilwedi, ii6nat. ASTRONOMICA. SECTION IV. The Application of tins Art to Agronomy and Chronology. H'HE technical endings affixed to the beginnings of the names of the planets represent the number of miles of their diameters, distances, magnitudes^ Sec. according to the general key. Where the beginning ■of the word is technical, it is composed of tlie syl- lables or letters distinguished in the tables by small •capitals. TABLE I. The D-iameters, 8fC. of the Planets in English miles, ac- cording to Dr. Derham's Astro-theology. English Mile;. Luna [Lu'Ddapu] 2175 MERcuty [Mercii DeyjoA] 2748 Mars [MarDoA/jw] - 4875 Vkhus {\eDoncip] 49S7 TERrae Dumeter [TerDiay?oM40j,A:] 7967,8 SAturn [SaD;a'-o/i 210,265 [Sat-anu-di(/oz-(/aj 29,200 [ \atidou-eg'\ } TfiRrffi Superficies, or the su-T perfijial content of the earth > 199.444,206 [^Ter-superann-fqf-ezau'\ J Eiusdem DiAmeter [Dia- "^ r-n^'? o: pousoi,k2 f '^^''^ Eiusdem Orbits PERijreter 7 _ . _ roc ^a - .L,.f,...}.nu.^.n r 540.686,220 [Pexmufy-skau-del^ J" The Magnitudes or solid Contents in cubic Miles of the larger Planets. MAGNiTudo. Cubic Miles. TERrae [Ter-raagniteso-/i/aH?«] 264,856.000,000 SoLis [Mag-s6lis^o«.. 1 290,971.000,000 000,000 Jovis [Mag.jov«e2-.at. ") 920.011,^00.000,000 ezym] j SATurni [Sat-raagnit-o.^,- | 427.218,300.000,000 dak & izymj J ' 1. The AMbit or circumference. E.'.-c;|ish M. Jovis [Am jovisi/jOM-2o/] 379.04^ T-erra; [Am-Te/-_yii] 25,031 Sous [Am-sole-/eJd-A-of/] 2.582,87.'i The Memorial Lines. huDdapu, MercuDepo/f, MarDokpu, TerDiapo usoitk^. JuDaly, sli, VeDonejp, SaDni^la, SolDiked-dfei. ASTRONOMICA. &9 D-orb-Sataso6-/e*./'- eznii — clia/>o»Aoi,/t — Vevmvfij^skuH- del, Ter-magnhi'so- /ilciuiii , Mag-suliATURn [Quan-Sature/f,ro] O0028J- SoL [Quan-SoUaM-swj/] 66,690 4. The weight (PoNdus) of bodies on the surface of SATUKn [Fon-S^tuni/i] 536 LuNa [P-Lunsiz] 630 Jupiter [Pon-Juit20,re] 804| TERra [Pon-Ter(7dw^,?-e] 125S1 Sol [Pon-Solazi//] 10,000 5. The DENsities of the same, Sol [Den-Solog] 100 LuNa [Den-Lunozg] 700 TERra [Den-Terteip] 387 SAturn [Den-Sasy] 60 Jupiter [Den-Ju/3s] 76 N. B. Mr, Whiston supposes the sun's parallax to be 32". Dr. Derham (with Cassini) 9 sec. and half The Memorial Lines. 1. huDdecli, M6rcuDepap, MarDekbau, Ter-Dia^eze, ,luDle-led, VeDotwb, S&Dot-rjel, Sol-Difoiif-dzy, MERcury [Dist-Merif-ibz-ug] SS.SlO.i-OO J c Piter [Di.st-Jiipi/o77.?/jo///(] 447.567,000 TEnra [Bisi-Tcrliau-s'ib-touk] 86.051,398 Venus [D.sx.y csc'dot.hip] 62.243,557 ASTRONOMICA. 9/ 2. Distat'Saildi-lozllij Dlst-Miirlce-dodlh, Dist-Mercs- oulelh, Dist-Jupideiz-uketh, Dis-'lerlom, Disia-V elou-znaulh. 3. Quan-Tera, Quan-Lun,re*, Qiian-Jup>;y, Qiian- Saturelc-ro, Quan- Soha usnij. 4. Pon-SuturM/»j P-Lum/z, Pon-JuAio,re, Pon-Ter- aduk-re, Von-Solazlh. 5. Den-Sol«ir, Den-Luno;^, Den-Ter/e//?, Den-Saw/, Den-Ju/)s. TABLE III. The periodical Times of the R-evulutiom of each Plivul aboiil the Sun are ns fuUow : Mp-Rciiry in 88 ^ /" 3 months, Venus 224/ Days V 7 months -^. ^Iars 287 V ^^' - 2 years. Jupiter 43331 about i 12 years. S.\Turn 107397 (^30 years. ."MercRfJj/f, ^.xi^azpun, MarsRa«A-ui, \'enR«/f>, Jup- Wottt, Merc-Revo-men/, VeR-me/?-/(, Mars Ranr/, JupRani/t'^ SatRan/y. N. B. Men vel me Mensihus, an Annis, h half. The DisTance of the earth from the sun bein^ divided into 10 parts, or Diicimals, the distance of MEKcury from the sun will be as 4 of them, of Venus as b", of Mars as 15, of Jui'ixek as 5'2, of Satuun as yj. Ter-Distas, Mero, Vem, Marsa/, Jupiter/c, Saturnow/. P2 MEMORIA TECHNICA. The .S«« is distant from the earth 21 600 Semi- diameter; of the earth = 86.051,398 miles. The Moon 60^ serai(liameters=239,95y miles. T)'ist'So\-semida-si/z-=kau-:ub-touk Distat-Lun-sems^,ro:=dtrt-«y(i. The motion of the Sun round its aXis is performed in 25 days and 6 hours [S6lXdM,ro]. The motion of Jupiter round its aXis is performed in 9 hours Mi minutes rcfuX?i,!(,v]; that of the earth in 24 hours: so that the M-otion of the sun round its axis is at the rate of 4262 miles an houi" [SolM/ese] ; the M-otion of Jupiter round its axis 38159 miles an hour [Juyiteibun^ ; the M-otion of the Earth round its axis is lOiS miles an hour [TerMc/r^]. Soiyifese, JnMieibun, TerMas^, S6lXfh<,ro, JuXn-i/.<. The apparent diameter of the sun in summer (-EsTATe Solis Diameter) is 31 M-inutes 40 S-econds f Jistat-SoDi-Mi'6 so:] In winter (HYEme) 42 M-inutes 47 S-econd.-> [ Hye-Mt'J-so/j] If the sun is supposed to go round the earth, its iliurnal motion will be 22.528,066" M-iles in an HOur [So\-yi-ho(le-lek-iau6'] yEstat-So-Di-Mi'i-sos Hye-Mid-sop -, Sol-M-hoc/c- iek-taus. The three Coirets, whose periods were thought te have been discovered. Derham's Astro-Theology, 1682^ calculated ") 75^ , Iftsoj tionin J 573 J "«"'" Covaske-pu sdub-adou sky-loil: puk pein & eelu 2'/ie yiemorial Lines. MercReiA-, SatRa2/3!/«, ^MarsEaMitoi, VenRetiO; Jup- Hottt, ASTRONOMICA ET CHRONOLOGICA. 93 Merc-Revo-men/, VeR-mep-h, MarsRaiv/, JupRan- Ije, Sat Ratify. Ter-Dist(jz, Mero, Vens, Marsrt/, Jupiter/e, Saturno?//. Dist-Sol-sdmic/a-sy: = kau-zuh-touk, Lunsi/ ,ro ■= diii- vud. SolM/e*6, JwMteibun, TerMiiz/i, S6\Xdu,ro, JuXn,us. .£stat-So-Di-Mz'6-so2 Hye-md-sop ,- Sol-M-ho(/<^- lek-laus, Comske-pu saiib-adou skij-loil : puk pein $c t'eltt. TABLE IV. Chronological Notes. h. m. s. til. Solar month (MensIs Solaris) \ ^^ j^ ^n oo consists of [Men-So\artij-by-dou] / Lunar SYNonal month [Synoden-l OQ 1" 44 03 O be.ff-f] / Lunar PERiodical month [Men- 7 g-, q-, ^3 ^q q^ liendoi-p-ot} J The cycle of the moon less \ (CycIus Lunaris MiNor) than f. oO 01 27 31 55 19 Julian years [Cyc-Lu-min- { ha-doi-ta-U] J (This difference arises to a whole day, and consequently throws the new moons back a whole day in 312 years (Annis) [Ann- lad]) The tropical or natural solar year less than the Julian (Annus TKOPicus MINOR JuLiano) eleven M-inutes; [Trop-min-juli-ma6] V 00 00 11 00 O and consequently the equinoxes happen a day sooner in 130 years [biz] The lunar year (LuNaris Anuus) ") ^^^ ^g ^^ ^^ ^ [Lun-^ni/o-hei-mo/c] J 94 MEMORIA TECHNICA. d h. m p. th. TheEpAct [Epacnz-da-b] 10 21 01 00 The solar year [SoLaris ANnus)|3g. q. ^^ ^^ [Sol-an2j«-/-o«] J Between the VERNal and Au-") Tumnal equinox [Vern-autaAs- > 186 18 30 00 hfl/c-mir] J Between the AuTUMnal and Ver-"^ Nal equinox [Autura-Vernio?/:- >17S 11 19 00 ab-a7i] J The METonic period was invented by Meto, in the year before Christ 430, consisting of 19 years [Metjiz-bou^ The CALippic period was invented by Calippus, in the year before Christ 330, consisting of 76 years [Ca^^^pitz-ois2 The Dionysian period was invented by Dionysius Exiguus, Ann. Dom. 527, consisting of 632 years \_Diolep-Ud'\ The JuLian period was invented by Joseph Scali- ger, consisting of 7980 years [Jul-scali/j6«A-^] The vulgar year of Christ was in the fourth of the indiction, the tenth of the cycle of the sun, the second of the cycle of the moon. Indie, erat quarto, decimo Sol, Luna secundo. To find the Year of the Julian Period, the Years of the other Cycles being given. Multiply the cycle of the Sun into 4845 [Sol in okol] tlie cycle of the Moon into 4200 [Lun/eg] the iNDiction into 6916 [Indicswas] Divide the pRODUct by 7980 [Div-produ/JOuA^] The remainder is the year. The Sunday letters which begin every month are frequently known by the two English verses. At Dover dwells George Brown, &c. (see p. 182.) ASTRONOMICA ET CHRONOLOGIC A. 95 lUit perhaps they may be more readily remembered by the following line, which lays the reader under no necessity of counting the order of the words before he can tell which month they answer to, every month ending with the letter which belongs to tiie first day of it. Jrt Fd Mdd Aprlg Maytj June Jixlg Aiic Se/ Oct 450 00 =fuz-] J An HEbrew M-ina = 60 Snekelsl „^ ^„ ^ [HeM=sha..=lo«] j 09 00 A BAbylonian T-alent [BaT = erfr-6e-s] 240 12 6 A BAbylonian T-alent of Gold TBa- ) „„^_ ^^ ^ xoiid/z] I 3850 00 AnA-ttic T-alent of Gold [AtO=%] 3300 00 An Htbrew T-alent of Gold [HexO ■> ^oo 00 An A-ttic D-rachm [AD=dei,ro] 00 00 8| An HF.brew D-rachm [HeD=doM] 00 00 9 A ROman L-ibra = 96 D-enarii7 [RoL = DOW^ = li] J '"A RoMan TAlent = 72 LiBrae = 1 [R6m-ta.=\ihoid=:das1 j An ALexandrian DRAcnm [Al-drach 1 •=sa-d5] / An iTAlic Mina [Ita-mi=l<] 3 00 O A ShekcI = 2 BEkas [Shek = B4:dl ^^ ^ = si] _ J A ROman D-enarius=4 SESterces i ^^ r-i [R6D = Seso=doi,re] J 03 00 216 00 01 6 00 7 1 See the Preface to Dr. Prideaux's Connection, m Others make a Roman TALent=6000 D-enarii=24 SESler- tiums— 1B71. 10s. [Ta.\=l}auth=s6sdo=laeif-h] PONDERA, NUMMI, MENSUR^. '99 A Sesterce, ^ of a denarius, sc.~\ LLS. (vulso HS.) duo asses cum { «« , o semisse [Ses = ua-ii,re] a penny j *' three farthings and half a farthing J Sestertium, or 1000 S-esterces ) 7 i^ o ''[Satli=p-as-Q f 7 10 J Decern sestertiiinr), 10000 Sesterces | _ ^ [Sesi7/n = oiA:6e-/i] f '° " 10 r" 2 Victoriati [ = Vi(i] \ 4 Sestertii [ = Se/'] DENariusfTdM-^ ^ ^«*'^' !^=^^^^ DE.Narms (/d.^)- <;^ ^^ ^^^^^^^ [=Libaz] I '20 SEMbellae [ = Semc/,y] 40 TERUNcii [=Terun/i/] Den ((\oi,re) = Virf= Se/'= Obs= Libaz = Semdy = Te- run/y. TAe Memorial Lines. Atta = MflMz = eznu-su, Am = drag = t-ei-n, Hex = mi/y = shi'ix,i'i) nti^-v( ( = 2 ZTFi^tiftxi') TlvyMt ( = 2 At'x'*') ''n»s (=1. A»^<*) 2TaJi = nrtu^ & 'Ogy=;nau; n?;(j=Ae/", nvy=AaAque nvyaiy:=Aez, TlSi = Axiclas, ^vi^u = AaJ, '0^$ =: Aab, h-i^, = A»x.by, A«= A«'x]o. no3-i; 4800 M/A = ncla.9 = 12 25r|i««(, to receive, AKKivXciixfi Sl TJaXaif^. k3 102 MEMORIA TECHNICA, MiLliare = Pes = Boman Measures of Length. 8 STAdia [ = StaA:] 1000 P-assus l = VatK] 4000 Pal Mi pedes [ = Palmpo =^ 2T<.9<««e, Ha; = A »^ o r= A 5«)tl '/ .V . ST«5« = rT«wo' & '0^y=Tlaii, Tl%-)(,=. i^ef , nvy=AaAque nvy«v=:Ae2. 11)115:= Aaxlas, 25r<^«=Aad, 'Og^=.Aa6, A/;^J=:A«>lil//, AS=:A«'>c1o. Mil = Sta/t = Pa//t = Palmpo//t. Pes = Pal-mino=:Di- gitax=Uncad. 2 Called also PathiL > There is likewise another word, GomeJ, which tlie LXX render 'iTiBttfiv. 104 MEMORIA TECHNICA. Mil-rom = ?«546'875 ROman D-igit [RoD= ,peldu] ,72525 "jEwish D-igit [JewD= ,nad'] ,912 Feet. Decimal?, GREcian F-oot [GreF— a, zypduu] 1 ,00729^ ROman F-oot [RoF= ,na>ip] ,967 HEbrew C-ubit [tieC=a,kef] 1 ,824 GREcian C-ubit [GreC = o,/aznJ/] 1 ,510935 ROman C-ubit [lioC = h,olzu] 1 ,4505 Inches. DeciraalF. GREcian FOot [Grec-Fo=6e,se/p<] 12 ,0875 RoMan F-oot [RomF = a6,.y;y/] 11,604 HEbrew C-ubit [HeC = (/a >eiA-] 21 ,888 GREcian C-ubit [GreC = 6ei.6i6] 18 ,13125 ROman C-ubit [RoC=6oi./j/4] 17 ,406 Eojj. Miles. Decimils. •^GREcian M-ile [GreM= ,pautzou?i] ,763099 ''In reducing the Jewish Measures, I have folJovved Bishop Cumberland, who makes the cubit = 2 1,888 inches. Dr. Arbuth- not thinks it plain that there were two sorts of cubit?, the sacred one and the profane or common one ; the former exceeding the latter by a hand's breadth, or three inches. The profane cubit he makes equal to 17 ,82 inches; the sacred one=:20 ,79 inches. *^ Dr. Arbuthnot makes the Grecian mile equal to 805,8^ English paces; which, agreeably to my own method, I have here PONDERA, NUMMI, MENSUR^. } Eng. Mi'Ifs. Dfcinial*. ,0935871 RoMan M-ile [RomM= ,nalpan'] HEBrew MiLc [Hcb-mil = a,ic/,e/J ACre = [Ac^YaroA-oz] reduced to ,763099 of a mile. Yet, according to hi? own com- putation, which makes 'O^yvik = 6 feet 0,525 inches, or, which is the same, 6,0+375 feet, SraS/oy ( = 100 'O^yviaTj will be 604.,375 feet, and M/X/o» (= 8 Iraoia) will be 1835 feet, exactly equal to the number of English feet in a Roman milc=:0,9I57l9 of a mile. 106 MEMORIA TECHNICA. '^Egyptian "a g8-g«=R-oods 3. P-oles 2. F-eet 55^ L"Ag» = Ri-Fe-FMZ,ro] Eng. AcTKi. Decirn. JuGerum [Jug= ,sakdo] ,618240 ITA5.^-g»v [nA^= ,ety$t'] ,230632 Egyptian "Ag»g-« ["Ag8|= ,oist'] ,763768 Greek Sq. Ft-et. Eng. Sq. F. Decira. n/j-V = 10000 = 10146 ,3650 "Ag»g« I n;i£^goy = 5000 = 5073 ,1825 Egyptian"AgKg«= 10000 Squ. Cub. = 33269 ,7600 Rom. Sq. Feet. Sq. F. Decim. = Actus minimus 120x40 = 4800= 4488,4272 Actus Quadratus 120x120 = 14400=13465 ,28l6 Cliraa 60x60 = 3600= 33QQ ,3204 Versus 100x100 = 10000= 9350,8900 ^Jugerum=2 Actus Quad. = 28800 = 26930 ,5632 Uncia ^ of the Jugerum = 2400= 2244,2136 The Memorial Lines. Ac = sFotlauz, R=azkouz, Pol=c/oid,e/; Ac=Yar- okozque : GreFq = d,zafauts, RoFg=nil, HeCq=i,tesnois Jug=R^-PflA--Fe/y ,2m; nxi^ =V is - F dol : "A§8=Ri- Fe-Ful,ro. Jug= ,sakdo, uxi^= ,etyst, "Ag8g= ,oist TABLE V. Measures of Capacity. English Wine Measure. r 2 B-uts [=Be] rp _ J 3 Puncheons [=Pu^] ^ ^ 4 HOgsheads [=Ho/'] V. 6 TiERces [=Tiers] fceque==Mi(rgofr. "MST-gilTSJJ 1. (=12 Xo'??) X?? 1. ( = 12 K«t6a«<) X97v-<| d. H5S--J15 ( = 12 Kvst^aO Kotv-Aj) ( = 6 Kvst^at) KvX'^o^ {^5 Xiiiit«<) Ko7^-» ( = 5 Ko;i^A<«^<«*) Mitzzz'eWoUI, X5i='S.au, M£?(|£4=Hok/, Xori'=:Scf,re. Hsr^Mufgo/f, KeTi(=Mfi/^, '0|i/^e=Ko^Xadz = 'O^vk = Kvei^beque = M v?-^ok. MiT=Ei?-oid, XSi:='Eaii, MidtfizzzZoid, Xo7v:='Ea,re. = Me. Cui=Amph<'r = Urncc=:Cong6f/?/;:: Sext = Hcmine = Quartai/= AcetaA- = Cyath//eque := LigloA:. Cu\ = Sexuav.z, Amph = SoA-j lJrn = Sextpf, Congi = SflM, Mod=:SftS. Sext=iLiguloA, Hemi = Le/^ QuaYt=^'Lad, Acetab = Liati, Cyath=Lo. Bath = Sea<-=Hin.y= Omerrtc = C«/i= Logpe=Caph«o?( = Gachal;2z. Chom = Bath-Ephfls, Let=Eph« .• Bath-Eph=CaboA-, Hin=CabJ, Sea = Cabs. Hin=Lfl(/=Cas. Cab = Gez. TABLE VI. Measures of Capacity reduced to English Measures. A PiNt DRV = 34 ,0312 1 <- 1 • . , » i> ^ „o o^r J- Cubic inches A PiNt LIQUID = 28 ,875 J F'm-dv =: if ,zibe, Pin-liquid =eA- ,koil. PON'DERA, XUMMI, MENSUR.E. Ill DKY. MoDius [Mini i := ha II- 1 >] Ei'Hiili [K\)h^iilj-Ii)d=:,e/i/(/] Chomer } [Ep'^= '^i/''"''] AMPimra [An)ph = oi .(f/jac/] IUtii iBmh =p ,l(iul'\ Coxgiui [Con=: ,/:ojo^] 5£-s-»if dry ['E'i = z ,>wlf'] I'inu. Inches. Decim. 70 03 ,501 16 07 ,68 51 12 ,107 00 33 ,158 01 00 ,48 02 28 ,432 int9. Inches. Decim. 82 19 ,626 57 10 ,66 60 15 ,2 01 04 ,283 01 05 ,636 00 24 ,2735 liushels. Decim. 1 ,09612 ,25352.-> ,802433 Gallons. Decim. 10 ,335 7 ,1712 7 ,5658 ,896385 , Pints. Decim. I ,1483 ,97447 ' HesiJes the Attic Medimnus, there was a Medimnus Geor- {^inif, equal to (1 Roman Mudii. ^ Th'.- Metrites of Syri:i was equal to the Roman Cousins = 7 ,171 piiit^, 1 The Jivvi^li mea'^iires are here, acconling ti Bishop Cumber- l:inc), from the Rabbins: but Bishop Hooper, from Josephiis, makes the Jw-wish Bath equal to the Attic hlircriTris, and conse- quently the Log equal to the 'S,Wr,s. Dr. Arbuthnot has given u« tables according to both, but seems to nrtt'ir Bishop Hooper's account to the other. l2 112 MEMORIA TECHNICA. Tints. Decim. Sp-XTarius liquid [^Sext=a ,boulak'] 1 ,19518 SExxarius dry [Sext = a ,znfei] 1 ,0148 Cab liquid [Cab = i ,isd} 3 ,36257 Cab dry [Cal)=e Mp} 2 ,8473 r Log [Log=z ,eif] ,840G5 The Memorial Lines. Pin-dr=if ,zibe, Pin-iiquid = eil;-^oiZ. Midtf^v =zoiz-t, MoiVi=bau-p, Eph=w6-ad, 'Ek=z-it, Sextar=a, C<\h=d-ek. Bath=sy-bu, M£Tg=eirf-aw, Am = up-az, EW = a-ff Se\t=a-u, Log=2-f?o. Epii= ,hy(loli, Mod=,eiiWj M£^=a, zous: He =2 ,noif, Cab = e ,k6p(\\xe. Amph=ot ,apad, Bath=p ,laul, MtT^-=az ,tih Ssr =.a ,bok, Cab=i ,isd, Stt\t=d ,boulak : Con= ,kousteil : Sext=: a ,zafei. Log TABLE VH. Weights. N.B. L or Li stands for Libra or pound, Oz. for ounce, LiT Pound T-roy, L-aver Pound AvERdupois. A Pound T-roy=12 ounces [LiT = OzadJ /' 3 Draids [ = Dra/i;] ) 24 ScRuples [=rScre/] An Ounce Troy=< ^f, p.enny weights [=Pe2] f 480 GRAins [ = Gra%] -APoundAverdupois^ / ^^^ S""''''' S"^2^?J I 250 DRams [=DreZs] Li'T = Ozad, Oz = Drdk=Scref=Pez=zGrafh. Lav= ■ Ozas, ljdv=.Drels. ^ According to the proportion laid down by Mr. Greaves, viz. that the averdupois pound is to the troy pound as 175 to 144: in Dr. Arbuthnot's tables it is as 17 to 14, which is a very incon- siderable difference, being but 4|^ grains less in the pound. PONDERA, NUMMI, MENSUR.E. 113 Gri.in» Troy. Pound T-roy [UT — Grupauz) 5760 Ounce Troy [Oz=o%] 480 Diiain [Dr=a«z] <>0 PENny-vveii^ht [Pc'n=grf/] 24. Scnuple [Scrvi|i=r/i/] 20 n Poiuul AVcrdupois [L:iv = oUli] 7000 Oinice AVerdupois [OzAv=o/o/,/] 437 ,5 ]:\T=Griii)nuz, Oa=jI(!j, Di=anz, Ven=^Tef, Scrup =(ltj, l.:\\=::nt/n\uti, Ol\\=otoi,l Ancient U'tii^hts. ( 60 M-inas [=Mavz'] Aitic talent = \ (jqqq Daachms \=Vfraiith'] ( .'3()()() Snekels [ = Slii//(J HEl)rewtalent=| 60 M-.ui.-hs [=Ma»r] /- -2 HkumIis [^-^Hekc] L 20 G-erahs [=(i<'z] AT — M(iuz = YyTunth: HeT = Slu7/j ; tier = pond = M«(/: : Sliek = Beke=Zi|/=Gt2. Roman and Grecian leaser Jl'eiglUs. Liiiiii — 12 UNciae [Lib=Una(^] ?, DuEidse [ = l)iu-l/] ,, . I 4 SiciLici r = Sicilo] LNC.a = <: (j^Si-.xiuUo [ = Se.vJ 8 DKAchn)i.e [=Dia/:] H Sciui'lula [=Scii))/J 6 Onoli [=Ob,s] IS Si Liqiite [ = Silu/i-] ^72 Gnanea vel Lentes [=Groi(/] Lib =Una(/ \jx\ =DueU ^ Sicily = Sw = Dra/f : Dracli=- Script = SiloA:= Obs= Gro/t/. DRACnn»a = » Mr. Ward tays, that, by a very nice experiment, lie loiuul that one pound avtrdiipi;is is equal to 1 1- ounces 11 per.iiy-\vei,uhlii and 15§ grains troy, which is (JDttDJ grains ; cirteriiiij but halt" a grain in the pound from -Mr. Greaves. Mathciiiu!'i(.aiu'* Cnitu, piri i. chap. 3. L 3 * 114 MEMORIA TECHNICA. GBAna 'Siroi^ia. Li Bra A/rgas [LiV )—grasnad] egi'i UNcia Ovyyicc [Unc = /ois] 576 "DRACHMa Aga!;^i(i4^ [Drachm = 02W] 72 ScRUPULum r^oi^ftce, [Scrupul = e/] 24 •Obolus"oSoA9j [Obol = a(/] 12 SiLiqua Ki^xricv [Sil=:/] 4 Ij'\h=grosnad, Unc= = lois, Drachm =oid, Scrupul=p/', Obol=arf, 811=/. Divisio Assis. Unc. Unc. As 12 Semis 6 DEunx 11 QuiNcunx 5 DExtans 10 TRiens 4 DoDians 9 QuAdrans 3 Bes 8 SexTans 2 Septunx 7 UNcia I As = diiu-dex — dod-bes — septun-semi — quin-tri-qu;i — sext-unc. The Me^norial Lines. LiT = Ozar/. Oz = Drd/f=Scre/=Pez=Gra/A-j/. Lav 1= Oz«5, Ldv=DreZs. LiT = Gi7.v M-aneh [HeM=e-<-oi-^e] 02 03 07 12 Hebrew T-alent [HeT = /'(.r-yr-«/] 114 00 15 00 ^Vi.cient Artie M-ina [AtM ==.iif ,pu, Den=sc ,hi, • Ad =sei ,f. Hex = b(if-i/z-al, RoL = az-an, Hcm = e-t-ol-be, AtM = a-d-u, AiT-=pa-t. TABLE IX. Jewibh and Roman Monei/, according to Bishop Cumberland. 1. s. .'. HEbvew :\r-ina [He.M— p-a-/] 7 01 0.5 HEbrew T-alent [HeT = /i(7-rt6-fl;t-/i] 35.3 11 lO^ Golden DARick = 12 G-erahs [Dai* ) 1 00 04 HEbrew T-alent of gold (Or) [He- \_ .,^. ,, q^j^ tO=: iijbil-ba-p-li] i ' ' SHF.K-el [>hek = seldo,ro] 02 04|- Silver DENarius [Den =:doi-?] 00 07/ AssAuium F-arthing and /;alf [A5sar=Fo/j] A QTJADrnnt | of a farthing [Quad = i/o] A ^Iire .\ of a F-arthing [Mit = rjr] TliC Memorial Lines. IleM = p-,/o, Den=:doi-/, .Assar=:F.//;, Quad = in>, Mit=nF. PONDERA, NUMMI, MENSUR-^i. 117 Decimal Tables for the more easy Reduclion of ancient Coins, fVeigkts, and Measures. Tliose who understand decimal arithmetic will, I hope, excuse me, if, for the sake of such as are un- acquainted therewitli, I lay down two or three obser- vations, in order to make the following tables more generally useful : First, that the denominator of every decimal frac- tion is an unit, with as many cyphers as there are places of numbers in the fraction: thus ,6 signifies TT,, 05 signifies t§^. 005 signifies tthmt, &c. Secondly, tiiat the nine figures at the left hand of each of the tables may stand either for units, or, by the supposed addition of one, two, three, or more cy- phers, for tens, hundreds, thousands, &c. Thirdly, that if the said nine figures are supposed to stand for one, two, three, four, &c, then the deci- mals stand as in the table: if for ten, twenty, thirty, forty, &c. or for one hundred, two hundred, &c. then, for every such supposed addition of a cypher, one figure in the [>lace of decimals is to be added to the place of integers. Thus a Jewish cubit is equal to 1 English foot, and 824? thousandth parts of a foot. F*;et dpcim. 1 cubit = 1 ,824 10 cubits = 18 ,24 100 cubits =1 IS'2 ,4 000 cubits ^X 18'24 If there are not places enough of decimals to an- swer, they must be supplied with cyphers : Lib. decira. Thus, 1 Attic talent = 50G ,'25 10 Attic talents = 2002 ,5 100 Attic talents = 20625 1000 Attic talents = 20G'i50 &c. HS MEMORIA TECHNICA. But as the common computation in classic authors is by sesterces and drachms, I sJiall exemplify more particularly the foregoing observations in the two tables drawn up for them. SESTcrce = Id. 3f. | in decimal fractions of a pound sterling = ,OOS07tl9l667 [Sest = zijkypcnasso'i] A-ttic D-rachm, or Roman denarius^ =7(7. 3/. in deci- mal fractions of a pound sterling = ,032291667 [Ad = z«/enflS5oi] x '^ s^S4- .= = 1=25 ■= = 3 ■-• » S S - c • 2 = .3 - 2 = = « ^ 3 =£ ^; ^ ■= ■!" ? 5 i '^- 5 '^ 1 ^ = £82-tt =i| 5= ''- ~ s 'i ° s 2 = c S i 5 -■ ^ -S V3 J- .: 5 2 s- .= = .= 3 S = = r t '^ r "? - '^ £ ■'' 'i » •^ ^^ 3 >^ - .^ X .,- i ;? i g 3 i = 1 J 1 1 s 1 J B JS03-S «—->..=■ ila ■E's.i-slr- — III IJ II i 1 -5 i. — 2Hl^E22=- 1 ,00807291667 i 1 ,032291667 2 ,01614583333 2 ,06458333 3 ,02421875000 3 ,0 96875000 4 ,032291 Q^QQl 4 ,129166667 5 ,0 40364583 3 3 5 ,161458333 6 ,04843750000 6 ,193750000 7 ,05651041667 7 ,226041667 8 ,06458333333 S ,2 5 8 3 3 3 3 3 3 9 ,0 72656 2 5000 < 9 ,290625000 Ac cording to the obiervatic )ns b efore laid down, it is evi dent that 1 Sestertium, or 1000 HS. 2 Sestertia, or 2000 HS. 6 Sesterti:i, or 3000 HS. Lib. Dfeim. 008 ,07291667 016 ,1458333.'; 024 ,21875 PONDERA, NUMMI, MENSUR^. llf) And so doNvn to f) sestertia; the tliree fir.-'t lij^iires of the table being integers, the rest decimals. So, Lib. Deiim. 'Decies Sestertiuni, or 1 Mill. IIS. = 8072 ,i)l667 \ides, or 2 Million IIS. = l(H4-5 ,S3333 'JVicies, or .S Million IIS. = 24218,75 &:c. Hence the value of most of the sums mentioned in flassic authors n\:iy be discovered from the tables at fn-st sight i the rest bv the help onlv of addition. 'ihus, JVIiat is the Falne of the Ccnties Quinquagics HSP Lih. DecMin. Centies IIS = 80729 ,16'67 Quinquagies = 40o6'4 ,5833 Centies Quinquagics = 12I0y3 ,75 JHiat in the J'aliie ff375 Attic Drachvis:^ 300 Drachms = Q ,GS75 70 Drachms = '2,2GO\\G67 .5 Drachms = ,16'! 45833 375 Drachms = 12,109/>75 What is the Value of 51 Myriads (if Drachms!' ;)0 Myriads = 10" 145 ,S3S33 1 Myriad = 322 ,9166? M Myriads = 16468 ,75 Note, That the table for drachms or denarii, \\ ill also serve for min;c and for asses, remembering that a denarius is equal to 10 asses, an.i a mina to 100 drachms. Thus, » With the numeral adverb, Ci-ntcnn M-tl: >. are always un- derstood. ' " * 120 MEMORIA TECHNICA. Lib. Decim. .^ris (sc. Assium) Millia X = 1000 \ ooififi? denarii j '^'- '~^^^^t Mr'is Millia XXV = 2500 denarii = 80 ,72916 .-Eris Millia LXXV = 7500 denarii = 242,1875 What has been already said will easily be applied to those which follow : t Attic drachm t Attic talent u _ \tti( ; talent = 8(^.| = 206/. 5s. = 193/. 15*. I. decim. I, decim. /. decim. 1 ,034375 1 206 ,25 1 193 ,75 o ,066750 2 412 ,50 2 387 ,50 3 ,103125 3 61 8 ,75 3 581 ,25 4 ,137500 4 825 ,00 4 775 ,00 5 ,171875 5 1031 ,25 5 968 ,75 6 ,"^^06250 6 1237 ,50 6 1162 ,50 7 ,240625 7 1443 ,75 < 1356 ,25 8 ,275000 8 1650 ,00 8 1550 ,00 9 ,309375 9 1856 ,25 9 1743 ,75 X Shekel * Hebrew talent Hcb. tal. fold = 2i. 7 J. = 387/. lO.', = 16 tal. .^ilver deciui. /. decim. /. ! ,129166667 1 387 ,5 1 6200 2 ,258333333 2 775 ,0 2 12400 3 ,387500000 3 1162 ,5 3 1S600 4 ,516666666 4 l:"5() ,0 1 4 24S0O 5 ,645833333 5 19-7 ,5 5 31000 6 ,775000000 6 2325 ,0 6 37200 7 ,904166666 7 2712 ,5 7 43400 8 1,033333333 8 3100 ,0 8 49600 9 1,16250C0C0 9 3487 ,5 9 55800 * According to Dr. Bernrrd. " Accoidingto Dr. Arluihnot. ^ The i-hekel is here \ allied equal to 4 Attic drachms, accord- ing to Josephus ,• ard this vaUiaiion Dr. Arbiithr.ot has follo^ved in his Dissertations, though his tables are according to Bp. Cum- berland. The talent = 3000 shekels. PONDERA, NUMMI, MENSUR^. 191 Grecian Digit Inch decim. 1 ,75546875 o 1 ,5i0937r.o 3 2 ,26640(i25 4 3 ,02187500 5 3 ,77734375 a 4 ,53281250 7 5 ,28828125 8 6 ,04375000 9 6 ,79921875 Roman Digit Jewish Digit Inch da-'im. Inch decim. I ,72525 !i ,912 2 1 ,4.v050 2 1 ,824 '3 2 ,17575 3 2 ,736- 4 2 ,90100 4 3 ,64 S ' 5 3 ,62625 5 4 ,560 6 4 ,35150 6 5 ,472 !7 5 ,07675 7 G ,384 ' 8 5 ,80200 8 7 ,296 ',9 6 ,52725 9 8 ,208 Grecian Foot Roman Foot Jewish Cubit Feet decim. Feet decim. Feet decim. 1 1 ,00729 I ,967 1 1 ,824 2 2 ,01453 1 ,934 2 3 ,648 3 3 ,02187 3 2 ,901 3 5 ,472 4 4 ,02916 4 3 ,868 4 7 ,296 5 5 ,03645 5 4 ,835 1 5 9 .120 6 6 ,04375 « 5 ,802 6 11 ,94* 7 7 ,05101 7 6 ,769 7 12 ,768 8 8 ,05833 8 7 ,736 8 14 ,592 9 9 ,06062 9 8 ,703 9 16 ,416 Roman Mile Mile decim. 1 2 3 4 5 6 / 8 9 ,915719 1 ,831438 2 ,747157 3 ,662876 4 ,578595 5 ,494314 6 ,410033 7 ,325752 8 ,241471 Jewish Mile Alile decim. \ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 M Roman Sq. Foot Sq.Feet decim. 1 ,3817 1 ,935089 2 ,7634 2 1 .870178 4 ,1451 3 2 ,805267 5 ,5268 4 3 ,740356 6 ,9085 5 4 ,675445 8 ,2902 6 5 ,610534 9 ,6719 \7 6 ,545623 11 ,0536 1 8 7 ,480712 12 ,4353 ;» 8 ,415801 122 MEMORIA TECHNICA. G ecian Sq. Fjot nx(^j»» Jugerirrft S I. Feet dccim. Acre decini. Acre decinc. 1 1 ,0146365 1 O ,230632 1 ,6182* 2 2 ,0292730 2 ,461264 2 1 ,23648 S 3 ,0439095 3 ,691896 3 1 ,85472 4 4 ,0585460 4 ,922:-S28 4 2 ,47296 5 5 ,0731825 5 1 ,153160 5 3 ,09120 6 6 ,0878190 6 1 ,383792 6 3 ,71944 i 7 ,1024555 7 I ,614424 7 4 ,32768 8 8 ,11709'^0 8 1 ,845056 8 4 ,94592 9 9 ,1317285 9 2 ,075688 9 5 ,56416- Egyptian "Ajujae Sifnt dry Sextarius dry Acre dfcim. Ptn< decim. Pint decim. 1 ,763768 I ,97-147 1 1 ,0148 2 1 ,527536 2 1 ,94894 2 2 ,0296 3 2 ,291304 3 2 ,92341 3 3 ,0444^ 4 3 ,055072 4 3 ,89788 4 4 ,0592 5 3 ,818840 5 4 ,87235 5 5 ,0740 6 4 .582608 6 5 ,84682 6 6 ,0888 7 5 ,346376 6 ,82129 7 7 ,1036 8 6 ,110144 8 7 ,79576 8 8 ,1184 9 6 ,873912 9 8 ,77023 9 9 ,1332^ Cab dry Medimnus Modius Pi/z/ decim. Bushel dccim. Bushel decim. 1 3 ,84731 1 1 ,09612 1 ,253525 7 ,69462 2 2 ,19224 2 ,507050 3 11 ,54193 3 3 ,28836 3 ,760575 4 15 ,38924 4 4 ,38448 4 1 ,014100 5 19 ,23655 5 5 ,48060 5 1 ,267625 6 23 ,08386 6 6 ,57672 6 1 ,521150 7 26 ,93117 7 7 ,67284 7 1 ,774675 8 30 ,77848 8 8 ,76396 8 2 ,028200 9 34 ,62579 9 9 ,86508 9 2 ,281725- PONDERA, NUMMI, MENSUR^. 123 Ephah. Ser»; liquid Sextjrius liquid Buthel dccim. Pints dccim. Pints decim. 1 ,802433' 1 11 1 ,1483 1 1 ,1951b •J, 1 ,6104867 2 2 ,2966 2 2 ,39036 3 2 ,407300 3 3 ,4419 3 3 ,58554 4 3 ,209734 4 4 ,5932 4 4 ,78072 5 4 ,012168 5 5 ,7415 5 5 ,97590 l) 4 ,814601 6 6 ,8898 6 7 ,17108 7 5 ,617035 t 7 8 ,0381 7 8 ,36626 U 6 ,419469 8 9 ,1«64 8 9 ,56144 9 7 ,221902 9 10 ,3347 9 10 ,75662 Cab liquid Log Amphora Pints dccim. PinU dciim. Jlhdt. dccim. 1 3 ,36257 I ,84064 . 1 ,113821 *2 6 ,72514 2 1 ,68128 2 ,227642 S 10 ,08771 3 2 ,52192 : 3 ,341463 4 13 ,45028 4 3 ,36256 j 4 ,455284 5 16 ,81285 5 4 ,20320 5 ,569105 G 20 ,17542 6 5 ,04384 6 ,682926 7 23 ,53799 7 5 ,88448 7 ,796747 8 26 ,90056 8 6 ,72512 8 ,910568 9 30 ,26313 9 7 .56576 9 1 1 ,024389 Mctretes Bath Congius* if/Kii. deciin. H'ldt. dccim. Gall, decim. \ ,16404 1 ,114858 I ,896385 o ,32808 2 ,229:16 2 1 ,792770 3 ,49212 3 ,344574 3 2 ,689155 4 ,65616 4 .459432 4 3 ,5855W 5 ,82020 5 .574290 5 4 ,481925 ) ,1140625 3 ,130215 4 ,15208331 i 4 ,173620 5 ,19010411 5 ,217025 6 .2281250 6 ,260430 7 ,:i66l4581 7 ,303835 8 ,3041 666| ! 8 ,347240 9 ,3421875 9 ,390645 Attic Drachm. = 62 ,57 gr, PoundTroy decim. ,01085125 ,02170250 ,03255375 ,04340500 ,05425625 ,06510750 ,07595875 ,08681000 ,09766125 Roman Libra. Po. Troy decim. ,9125 1 ,8250 2 ,7375 3 ,6500 4 ,5625 5 ,4750 6 ,3875 7 ,3000 8 ,2125 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 MISCELLANEA. SECTION VI. The Proportion of the Diameter to the Circumference of a. Circle: the Area of a Circle and Ellipsis : the Surfacr. and Solidity of a Sphere. Diameter : PeRiphery : : 7 : 22, [Di : peri : : p : ed'] or : : 113 : 355. or more exactly the DiAmeter : PEKiPnery : : 10.000,000 : 31.414,929. Di : peri : : p : ed : : bat : ilu : Dia : priph : : azmil : ta-fal-oudou. According to Van Ceiilen, who carried the pro- portion to six and thirty figures, which, in memory of so laborious a work, were engraven upon his tomb at St. Peter's, in Leyden, the diameter : Pe- riphery : : 2 : Quintil. Quadr. TiU. fiU Mil. Vi\. 6,28,3 1 8.530,7 1 7.958,647.692,5'2 8.676,6'55.930,57t). .« ,ektak, u'iz-pap, nuk-sop, sne-lek, aups-sul, ou'iz-lois. The Diameter multiplied by 3 ,141 6 gives the PeRiPHery [^Diperi ,bubs dat priph], consequently the periphery divided by 3 ,14l6 trives the diameter. The Area of a circle is given by multiplying the SguAre of the D-iameter into ,7854. Datnr Area SquaD per ^,pei/o. The .\uea likewise is given by multiplying the fourt h part of the Diameter into the Periphery. Ar = rodi + pe] M 3 126 MEMORIA TECHNICA. The Area of an Ellipsis is given by multiplying the rectangle of the TRANSverse and Coxjugate Dia- nieters into ,7854. Area fit tllips. Dia-tran-con duct, in y,peilo. The SuRFace of a sphere is given by multiplying the PErlphery into the D-iameter fSurf=pe + DJ The SuKFace of a sphere is also given by mul- tiplying the ARta of its largest circle into 4-. [Surf=are-f o] The SoLidity of a SPHEre is given by multiply- i_ng I of the Radius into the SuRface. [Sol-sphe= ri'rad + sur] The Memorial Lines. Di : peri : : p : ed : : bat : ilu. Dia : priph : : azmil : ta-fal-oudou. s, ektak, u'iz-pnp, nuk-s6p, sne-lek, aups-sul, ouiz-lom. Diper?,^o6.y dat Priph. datur Arda squan per y,peiio. Area fit Ellips . Dia-tran-con duct, in y,peilo . Ar=,rodi-f-pe. Surf=pe + d, Surf=4re -f o. Sol-sphe = ,r»rad -j- sur. The Quantity of Vapours raised out of the Sea, estimated by Dr. Halley. The MEDiterranean, supposed to be equal to l6'0 square DEorees, is computed to yield in vapour, per diem, 5280 MiLlions of T-ons [Med = deg6auz :=lf'kym\\T'\ The THAMes is computed to carry down in a day of 24 hours, into the sea, 20.300,000 Tons [Tham= ez igthtoni The rivers (FLUvii) which run into the MEDiter- ranean, are computed to carry 1827 000,000 tons, which is little more than l of what is raised in va- pour [Fluv-med=:aA-i^milT] The Memorial Line. 'Med = 0.6gbrivz=leI:ym'i\T. i:haxn=ez-igtht.on. Fluv- med = ak^-pau\T. - - MISCELLANEA. 127 The Compulations are made thus: By experiments it appears, that each SouAre F-oot of the surface of water yields in vapour, per diem, HAlf a wine PiNt [S(iuaK = ha-pin]] Each space of four feet square ( = l6 SouAre F-eet) yields a GALlon [aAsquar = gal] A MiLe square fi914 Tons [Mils«^/ton] A square DEoree (of 69^ English miles) 33.000;00O tons [Deg (misoH) timton'} The Mediterranean = square l60 degrees = 5280.000,000 tons as above. The Memorial Line. SquaF=ha-pin : rtAsquar = gal : Mil=.s«fl/ion : Deg (miiou) tiinlon. The Qnantiltj of Water the Mediterranean receives from the Rivers that fall into it, is estimated thus: The most considerable rivers that run into the Meiliterranean are the Ebto, the Rhohc, the Tiber, the PO, the Nite, the Don or Tanais, the DAXube, the NiEsxer, the Nieper or Borysthenes. Each of these is supposed to carry down ten times as much water as the Thames : not that any of them is so great, but «o to allow for the small rivers that run into that sea. Now the water of the Thamcs being computed at about 20.300,000 tons, as above, the nine rivers aforesaid each will amount to 203.000,000; in all, 1827.000,000 T-ons. The Memorial Line. 1\vAm^ez-i«tln, Eb-llho-Ti-Po, Nil-Don, Dan-Niest- Nieper-«A^;)aiilT. The Water of the Thames is computed thus: It is supposed to run at Kingston bridge, where the tide reaches not, at the rate of two miles an hour, which is 48 miles in 24 hours ; 48 Miles are equal to 48,480 YArds. lMfkz=Yako-feiz], which being multiplied by 300 YArds (the PRotile of water at 15J8 MEMORIA TECHNICA. KiN'gston bridge, where it is supposed to be 100 yards broad and 3 deep) produces 25.344,000 cubic Y-ards of water [Yako-feiz per ig=iY^l-ifotk'], which are equal to 20.300,000 Tons [=eZ'igihton'] The Memorial Line. "Sl'ifk-zzYakO'feiz (Kin-prig) YsJio-feiz per i^=Ye7'» tfotli = ez-igthton. The Velocity of Sound, Light, S^c. A cannon bullet (Globus tormento bellico emissuis) in a SECond, nnoves 204 YARds [In-sec Glob-yarczoJ Light (Lumen) in a second moves 200,000 Milc? [Lu-mileg/n] Sound (Soxus) moves in a second 1142 feet (Pedcs) iSon-ped-moveta^/^] A cannon bullet moves a M-ile in 17 HAlf SEconds [Glob-M-a'pha-sec] Sound moves a mile in 9 half seconds \. [Son«,roJ A cannon bullet would be in moving to the sun (Ad SoLem) 32 years ^. [Ad-sol-glob = an -¥ June METArElTy«w» July BOHAPofttat Augost M A l|«st«T»5(«» iSeptember nrANi^iait October n02£<^5ii'» A^ot-eniber rAMijAti* December 'AN0EST»g<«i' January 'EAA(p>i«»x«ii» February MOrvvp^fiv March ©APTHA^i* Jpril 2KIPg«(p6g«ik' May The Memorial Lines. Hec/u, MetageyuZ, Boedroj^g-, Mai^", PuanO, Vosnov, Gdiudeceiu, \inhesjan, Ela/e6, Mouil/, Thargely^, Skir7nrt. Note, That the Athenians began their year from the new moon, whose full was next after the summer sol- stice, which was at first reckoned to be upon the 8th of July, after on the 27th of June. Vide Bevcre^ii Chron. Inslit. lib. i. cap. 12. 130 MEMORIA TECHNICA. Jewish and Christian Mra of the Creation. Both Jewish and Christian writers make use of the aera of the creation of the world ; but there is great variety of opinions concerning the number of years between that and the birth of Christ. That which is most generally received is, that the first year of the vulgar Christian aera commences from the day of his circumcision, viz. the first of January, in the year of the world 4004, and of the Julian period 4714. The Jews place the creation of the world later by about 243 years ; and the Greek historians, upon the authority of the Septuagint, sooner by about 1490 or 1500 years J so that of the ^ /"the 3*62 year of the first J y Jewish aera year W (r /the 5494 of the GREck of the / ° \ Ecclesiastical aera Christian i ithe 5509 of the GREek aera y f Civil sera. The Memorial Line. Christ=mundo/A/, Jud = ipaud, Grec-Ecc^/on/. Grec-Civil=w/2o«. The Days^ of the Month on which the other noted Epochas began. The destruction of Troy June 'The first OLYmpiad June The building of ROme Aipril * Mra of NABonassar Feb. '' For the years, see page 7. ' The last day of the Olympic games was uf)on the full mooit immediately after the summer solstice. "^ The Naboiiassaiean years, not admitting any intercalary day, began, after every four years, a day sooner, and in 1461 years (hosa) weut back throughout the Avhole Julian year, and begai* on the same day again. B«f. Christ 16. 118S 19. 776 21. 75S S6. 747 MISCELLANEA. ISl Bef (.hrist The PHiLippic aera Nou. 12. 324 .*:ra of Con tracts Oct. 1. 312 The VicTory at Actiimi Sept. 2. SI An. Dom • The Dioclesian aera Aug. •29- 2Jf4 The MAHometan lera Ju\y iG. 622 The aera of YEzdegird June l6. 632 The Memorial Lines. Mund = Octoi, Oly-jan, Phil-narf, Nab-fe's (bosa) Ro-pdfl. Yez-Troy-jo*, Maho-la«, Dio-gen, Vict-Ac/a-se, Con-ta. The specijic Gravities of some Metals, and other Bodies*. Ounces Troy, dechn ^Fine gold [AuT=az,itm(d] = 10 ,359273 Fine silver [Arg = !,ei/] = r> ,850035 Ounces Averd. dedm. Lead [P\\imb=s,lutkul] = 6 ,553855 Common iron [Fer=/,of/e«] = 4 ,422979 Fine marble [MaT=b,laukk} = 1 ,5688.\9 Common glass [Vitru= 6, onjz] = 1 ,493037 Com. clear water [Aqua=6,/oi/fio«p]= 1 ,578697 Sound dry oak [Robo=/jj7aMn] = ,536569 ,Oil Olive [0\-0\e=lekluz-\ = ,528350 .\ur=:az,iloud : Arg=t,eil. P\um=s,lutkul: Fer = f,oden: Mar=^b,laukk. Viiru = 6 ,owJ2 : Aqua=6,ZoiAs .• Roho=: lislaun : 01- 0\e=kktuz. 13 Numerus Dignitatum, &;c. Tempore Camdeni. f Sunt in Anglia DECANatus 26, ARCHidiacona- tus 60, Dignitates & PR.BBendee 544, Ecclesiae- * See Ward's Mathematician'a Guide, part i. chap. 10. ^ The beginning of the technical words is from the Latin word tor each. S Camdeni Britannia, edit. Jaas. p, 67. 132 MEMORIA TECHNICA. PAROCHiales p^^S* e quibus 3845 sunt AppRopriatae. In libro tamen Thouiae Wolssei Cardinalis descripto 1520, per comitatus nunierantur ecdesijE 9407. The Memorial Line. Sunt Decanes, Archclawz, Praeb/o/, Parochoudet/, AppriA/w. The Temple of the eight Winds, vientioned in Dr. Potter's ArchcEolosia. Ey^®- Eurus S-outh E-ast. ATlnXKurni Subsolanus E-ast. KeiMtxf C^cias N-orth E-ast. Be^Stftf BoReas ^-orth. 'EKl^o* CORUS N-orth W-est. Zi (AuxiLium). 4 PERseverance. 5. The extent REoemption. The Calvinian doctrine upon these points, banded from Geneva by the English refugees, and pro])a- gatcd by C.ARTwright in the Margaret professor's chair at Cambridge, was, at a consultation of several {)relate3 and divines at Lambeth, digested into nine articles, commonly called the L.vMiielh Auricles, and agreed upon N-ov. 10, 1595, [Naz-aloul,] but, by order of Queen Elizabeth, were immediately recalled and suppressed. The Memorial Line. Lamb-Art = Cart-^az-aloul : Predc-s-Liber-Auxili- Pers-Red. The seven Precepts (SEPxem PR.ECEPxa) of the sons of Noah are recorded by the Jewish Doctors under the following Titles: I. To worship the true God, [CuLtus divimcs.l IL To renounce looLatry. in. To commit no murder, [Cxoes.] IV. Not to be defiled with fornication, &c. [Sxuprum.] V. To avoid all rapine, theft, &c, [FuRTum.] VI. To administer justice, [^Jusxixia.] VII. Not to cat the flesh with the blood, [San- guis.] Such Gentiles as were admitted to the worship of the God of Israel, and the hope of a future life, but were not circumcised, nor yet conformed to the Mo- saical rites, being only obliged to the observation of the foregoing precepts, were called proselytes of the gate, in opposition to the proselytes of righteousness, or of the covenant, who differed nothing from the Jews, but that they Avere of Gentile race. See Lewis's Hebrew Antiquities. The Memorial Line. Sept-Praicept = Cul-Idol-Ca;d-Stup-Furt-Justiti-San- guis. 1S6 MEMORIA TECHNICA. Misnah, Gemarah, Talmud. The MiSNAh in 6 B-ooks [Misna-Bs] contained 63 Taacts [Traut'\ into which the traditions or oral law of the Jews were methodically digested by Rabbi Judah HAKkADOsh in the time of An- loninus P-ius [Hakad-AnP]. As soon as it was pub- lished, it became the subject of the study of all their learned men, and the chiefest of them, both in Judsea and Babylonia, employed themselves to iTiake comments upon it ; and these, with the Mis- nah, make up both their Talmuds, i. e. the Jerusa- lem Talmud and the Babylonish Talmud. These comoients are called the GEMArah or comjilement, the Misnah the text j both together the TALmud [Tal = Mis-Gema]. The jERusalem TALmud was completed about A.D. SOO [Tal-Jerig]. The B-aby- lonish TALmud about 500, or in the beginning of the sixth century [Tal-Bwg]. This latter is only in esteem among the Jews.. See Prideaux's Connection, p. 328. . . The Memorial Line. Misna-B5-TraM^Hakad-AnP : Tal = Mis-Gema : Tal-jeng"; Tal-Bwg. Characters Arithmetici Graeci et Hebraici. Op-zrei bou ^u-s-e-ri vf-ts — those in Italic are moneys of account, the rest, coins The Figures and Murks refer to the correspond- ing memorial verses. (c) N.B. There are also CoiNu Hilf-guineas, Seven-shilling pieces. Half-crowns, Threepences, Two-pences, Half pennies ; and such as are distin^uisht by a superior"^. MEASURES. Cubic Measures reduced to Pints. /Quar-(i. *Gci\-k. U-af6. Bar-eld. Ti-{v/isz) tts. ^ 1 H-uzt: Paupe. B-athei. T-elhbau. ^ cFiT\i-hoid, lis/.' Kil-iibck, haff (beer & ai.e) " \ BiXT-hdeVi. Mus. Hog-iilad, bups. f ?e-bs. BH-so. Str-aek. Coom-dus (dry) Se-w6e. ^( Ch-etzo. We-ithpe. Lix-lady. n^iy.) C-,urei. L-iro. Cab-i. H-az (h) Seah-dy. J Bath-,sy. Hom-auzu (-uid. .. ) Cab-,r/MraM. G6m-,uraz. Se-boi (dry) Ba-la. ^ L i^Q-dlau. Homer-Za^. f, (Coch-,rudy. Ch-ran2. Myst,rok (g) Conch-, raf. "j Oxyba-,rei. Metr-m. 'lCoch-,rudy. Choen-bre. Medim-pe (dry) Cy- * V. Ox-C(5ty-Xest-as the Roman. /-Quart-,r6. be-a,rL C6-p. Vr-ek-ra (r) Qua- ^1 (ir-up. Cm-bafp. Li. Cy. Ace. Hem. *\ L\g-,ruk. Cy-r-Ml. Acct-,reu Hem (dry) in,rg. ^ L S6-a,TU. t Mod-as,re. r*GALL6N contiiins inches (dry) doid,r6^: (beer) X -eke : (wine) ela '. I tPoTTLE Quarts (dr-) i (li(iuid)-e— -f MoDi- \ Pints (liqiiid)-a« (dry) -bnu,ro. Abbreviatures explained. Acetabulum (liti.) 9, 8. Barrel, 1. Bath, 4. Bushel, 3. Butt, 1. Cab, 4. Caph, 4. Cheme, 6'. o 2 148 LOWE'S MNEMONICS. Chaudron, 3. Choenix, 7- Cochlearion, 6. Concha, 6". Congius, 8. Coomb, 3. Culeus, 8. Cyathus, o. Firkin, 2. Gallon, 1. G('iner, 5. Hemina, 9- Hin, 4. Homer, 4, 5. HogtheacI, 1, 2. Kilderkin, 2. Last, 3. Letech, 5. Ligula, g, 8. Log, 4. Me- dimnus, 7. Metretes, 6. Modiu-*, 9, 1] . Mystron, 6. Oxybaphon, 7- Peck, 3. Pottle, 11. Punclieon, 1. Quadrantal, 8. Quart, 1. Rundlet, 1. Seah, 4, 5. Seam, 3. Sextarius, 8, 9' Strike, 3. Tierce. 1. Tun, 1. L^rna, 8. Wey, 3. Synonyms and Equivalents. Amphora, quadrantal. Amphoreus, metrites. Ca- dus, metretes. Carnock, coomb. Chos, congius. Coron, homer. Cotyle, hemina. Ephah, balh. Lin- gula, ligula. Omer, homer. Oxybaphon, acetabulum. Pipe, butt. Quarter, seam. Quartarius, \ sextarius. Seraimodius^ ^ modius. Xestes, sextarius. i i. e. A Firkin (1) of Beer=72 pints. (2) of Ale = 64 pints, and so of the rest. 2 By act of parliament, in 1697, the gallon contains only 268§ inches. 3 By experiment, made in 1688, it was found to contain only 24 inches. 224 inches. Long Measures reduced to Inches. r Nail-rf,ro. J Qvhi-bei. „ S Y-is. Va-sy. V. 'SW-sitsv. Nail-rf,ro. Pal-f. Han-6. Spa-n. Vooi-ad. E (f 1) ejD (eng) ol. Fath-pe. B.o-bouk. Furl-oinJy. itsy. Le- miles 3. fH. Pal-/. Sp-ad. C-e/. F-o«s. Ez-66/. Ar-and. (. Schoen-fl«t/y. Sidi-naug. M-ousth. C G. Dor/". Lich-o2. Orth-a6. Sp-ad. Fygm-ak. \ Py-dz. O-nau. St-naug. M-oiski/z. (R. Unc-a,n. Pal-/ Ve-bs. Palm-dy, Cuo-ef. \ Gra-^y. Pass-/:y. Sla-byth. LOWE'S MNEMONICS. 149 Proportions. ,. f Line-ie. Bur-i. Digit, Inch (Heb. Gk. Rom.) 1, nad : ,pitl6 : peldu^ . [}^i'^-rizih. „ r Foot — Eiig-«//i. — Grt^'k-«z//p, — 3 Ilom (coss) ' 1. naup (si) oupKi (viJs) oukau. Abbreviatures explained. Arabian pole, 3. Barley-corn, 6. Cubit=pygme, pygon, pechus 1, 3, 5. Digit, 6. Doron = palin, 4. Ell (flemisli, englisl)) 1. EzekieVs reed, 3. Fathom 2, 3. Foot = puus = pes 1, 5, 7- Furlong=sta(lium 2, 3, 4, 5. Gradus, 5. Hand, 1. League, 2. Li- chas, 4. Line, 6. Mile = n)ilion = inili^re 2, &c. Nail \. Orgiiia, 4. Orthodoron, 4. Pace = passus 2, 5. Palm = tloron 1, 3, 5. Pahnipes, 5. Pussus = pace, 5. Pes = foot, 5. Pygme, 4. Pygon, 4. Rod, •i. SchiKnus, 3. Span=spiti»ame 1, 3, 4. Spithame =span, 4. Stadium = furlong 4, 5. Uncia, 5. Yard, 2. Synonyms and Equivalents. Ammah, cubit. Aulos, furlong. Cbebal, schoe- nus. Cubit (lesser) pygme (greater) pecliys. Dactylo- dochme, doron. Dniulos, 2 stadia. Docbme, doron. Gomed, spivn. Kaneli, Ezekiel's reed. Measuring- rod, schoeiius. ]\Jili-are,-on : mile. Palaeste, doron. Pathil, schoenus. Pechys, cubit, Perch, rod. Pole, rod. PoUex, uncia. Pous, jies. Tophach, pahn. Ulna, cubitus. Zereth, span. 1 N.B. The D!ffit is sometimes divided into 4 grains; the Line inio 6 points. 2 N.B. A S'lbbfith day's journey is reckoned to be 730 paces : 6 of which made tha Parasaug, 48 a Diiy^s journey. 2 i. e. The proportion of the Roman foot to the English (divided into 1000 parts) is here expressed, as foimd on the juoiuiment of Cossiiliu.i on that of Statiiiiis -on a congiiis of Fi':spasian, O 3 150 LOWE'S MNEMONICS. Square Measures reduced to Square Feet. . r E. Yar-H. Pace-c?M. Pole-epe,r6. Ro6cl-azio«z. L Acre-olusy. g f G. Plethron nzasf. Aroura, the half: but l ^vgyptian itdaun. „ r R. Jiitier-fiOM^y- Cl\-tisau. Ve-JiUy. (min) L A-fokei (qu) atfauz. Abbreviatures explained. Actus minimus, quadratus, 3. Clima, 3. Jugerum, 3. Versus, 3. Yard, I. { MULTIPLICATION TABLE. r P-oi,o". P-ei,MS. P-ou,«i. K-ei, so, from 73^ K-ou,pe. N-ou,eicr. L-ad.sy, ! K-ad,oudu, N-adj«2e?. by 12 ) f F-ad/eJ L-ad.sy. S-M.oid. P- ^ ad, to. NUMERICAL LETTERS. In Numerals] A less number, o/bre. Abates ' ^ after, Encreases'. \-b. V-M. X-az. L-MZ. C-flzy. D-*((/2. M (ciD 3) fl//( : hence (cci3d) fc?///i, ■\{-h. "-az. p-ag"- — 1D-6?<5 — from-ug by ^f]]QT to 0M2_»/^ [CCCIODD ■ath by the Units 7; but oftener by ']^N, pre- fixing the numbers^ [azijlh. ^x-b. i-az. ^-ag*. r-au. (vt) koppa-ny ('■''O 5 p, 5 sanpi-owyz^. A [k, u ct^-azy^ G tiplies others inscribed in ii'°. 6 '^'11-6. ri-?< A-az. H-ag. X-ath. M-azth. U niul- 1 e, g. IV 4, IX 9, XL 40, XC 90. 2 e.g. VT 6, XIV 14. XIX 19, XXIX 29 N^ 11, n* U; Np 101, 3p 102 ,x 11, e« 101, &c. LOWES MNEMONICS. 151 :l Formed, in current writing, from M : part whereof, united, (viz. i.^) became D 500. hence I3.7 .WOO, i.iij 50000. + i. e. Units, tens, hundreds, liegin from the letters liere specified; and are to be reckoned on, ir) order, i'ron.i Ihem. e. g. a 1, /S 2, y 3, \c. , 10, r, 20, X 30, &c. f lOO, r 200, &c. 5 Instead of H*, being the ineffaljlc name of Jehovah. C e. g. T 500, CD 600, | 700, &c. 7 Before the letters expressive of hundreds; as, ")7^X 1534: V3ry seldom otherwise; J/N 1070. 8 e. g. CD^-'D^N 2000, CD^NJ 3000, nD^D^N^ 30000, &c. 9 The various figures and names of these numeral characters, see in my Table of Greek characters. 10 e.g. A (10) inscribed in n (5) is lAI (50.) PRACTICE. 1. //owe'"* the sought into Priced or its factors^; or by Aliquot parts*, and, by the Aliquots of Fractions of Sought (if any) divide Prioe^. 2. What'lL One^P the Price b^ Commodity'; but, if too large, Ijtj its factors ^ 1 i.e. In questions, where the conditional term is 1 : a«, when we say, " If one cost so much, what will so much cost ? 2 i.e. Multiply fh: question-term, or thing sONiii\f, info the prir, &c. '-'. g. If otic cost 10s. what will 20 cost? i\c. Answ. 20 (the thing sought) X 10 (the price) = 200s. i. c. 101. 3 viz. when more commodious. e.g. If om cost 12 ] (7, what will U? Answ. The factors of M being 2x7; sav 2x 12 I 6 = 25s: then 7 X 25s. = 17.5s. i.e. 81. 1.5s. N.B. 'if the multiplicator be not resolvable into factors, take those that come nearest it, and add the price for the odd one, or multiply it by what the fictors want of the mnliiplicator. 4 Divide it bij the Eirn pails of the denomination, in which you would have the answer. — e.g. Jj' one cost 12 | (j. what ^^ill 152 LOWE'S MNEMONICS. 14? Answ. 10s. being the % of 11. and 2 | G (which makes ujj the 12 I 6) the i of ids; say"2 in 14 = 71. then, 4 in 7 (the quo- tieiit of 14 by 2) = 1 : and there remains 31. which, in the next inferior denomination (viz. Shillings) is 60, then 4 in 60^15s. Thus -3 14 ■? fs 10 A « 7 - ■S (_d\ 6 » "Sb 1 !• 14 pds. pks, &c. 10 2 „ 7 - 2 .5 g 1 8 6 i 'tc - 7 S 12:6 L 8: 15 S 12 6 L8:15 .'> As in the following example : C qr lb 1 s d 84 3 11 at 1 1 10 L 1. s l.=21s qr. 2§ — 10 11 _ H _ 5 5 2 i-iS^ 84 lb H — 1 4 1 i^S-s 168 H - - 9 1 66^ 42 H 28 3q. 111b. 18 6 - ci3.1bll.slS:6 aliq. of fract pr. of fract. In all halv'd gives d / 92 : -lqr3; 1852 : 6 The answer : which, being 12: 6; the price of C84: lb 11. Thus 6 i. e. In sums, wherein the Question-term is I ; as when we sav, '* If so much cost so much, TP'hul'll one cost ?" 7 e. g. If 12 cost 10 I 6, what will 1 ? Answer, 12 in 10 ( 6 1 cannot have: but 12 in 10 X 12 (to reduce it to pence) =: 120 + ft = 126: then 12 in 126^ lOd. and 6 remains; which multiplied into 4 (10 reduce it to farthings) is 24 : then 12 in 24=2 q. fin s 10 : 6 : - [ or, by the factors of \12 - 10 2 1 12, viz. 2 X 6, or 3 X 'I' ; ^^ i" 'he following : 8 The foregoing example will stand fin s 10:6: - f in slO : 6 : - ThuJ 2 5 3 - j 2 3 6 - (_ 6 10 2 I 4 - 10 2 Sj the answer is found more easily than by dividing by 12 : much more so it will be, when that number is higher. LOWE'S MNEMONICS. 153 RULE OF THREE. All Questions in it answered (1) by one stating (2) ihe same ivay. (1) Conditional in one line: and, opposite, the terms Corresponuinc;. (2) -Denu is the -Ducing of one into -Duc'd of the other: the Resl-SoR*. N.li. No -Duc'd: the facit of one line divide by that of the other*. 1 i. e. The produchig'' terms of one line multiplied into the pro- diic^d^ of the other, give the diviDiCso; and t/w rest of the terms multiplied together, give the diviSoR: the Quotient fulls to the blank.*:. (a) Proflfwciw"' terms are such as jointly produce any eflcct. e. g. whatever is considered as a cuusc, with the adjuncts of time, distance, measure, ifc. (b) Producing terms as such as are connected with the others under the character of price, pur- chase, produce, gain, los.i, interest, advantage, value or quantity of ■work, Sfc. • • -(c) e. g. At the rate of 6 per cent, per ann. wh;it is the interest of 2001. for 18 months? Answ. The terms being stated, as they offer (without any other regard than Which are con- ditional, and Which imply the question) Thus: Interest Principal time 61. 1001. 12m. 200 18 or in any other order agreeable to the directions in the rule, say (j (the produced term "of one line) X 18 X 200 (the producing terms of the other) =2l()00 (for the dividend): And (the resi) 100X12 = 1200 (for the divisor). Then 2l()00-^1200=lb, the answer; viz. 181. 2 i.e. If there be no produc'd term (as generally happens in the single rule of three inverse) divide t/te facit, &.c. -•. g. Mow much stuir, yard-broad, will line 10 yards of cloth, yard-and- quarter broad ? The terms being slated thus : say 5 X 10=: 50 and 50-^ 4=12|. i. e. 12 yards and ^ or 4. broad long 4 qrs 10 yard. 154 LOWE'S MNEMONICS. SUBTRACTION May be more commodiously performed by Addition, as in the next article. TABULATING. To multiply and divide hij Addition ofili/. i. Tvvice-double-Multi|jlicand facits f every multipll- cator. f gives the f. of. 2. Tabulate Divisor: Quote next digit-under: Sub- tract by Addition. 1. In the MuLTiPLicATiON-sum Multipli-cand cator (I) the facits of the multiplicand Iwicc doubled, are, as they stand against the digits 2 and 4. Then, To multii>iy the multiplicand into 8 (the last figure of the muIti])licator) double the facit of the digit 4 into 6 (the 2d figure, &c.) add the facit of 4 to that of 2 ( = 6) into 7 (the next figure, &.C.) add together the facits of 1, 2, 4 ( = 7) placing each of them, as in the common method of multiplication. 2. In the Division sum (II) (1) Tabulate the divisor, as in the example, viz. against the digit 2, by adding the divisor to itself; against 3, by adding together the totuls of 2 and 1 ; against 4, by adding ihe total of 2 to itself, or that of 3 to that of 1 ; and, in like manner, in the rest, by adding together the totals of any two or more digits, equal to the digit whose total is sought. Then, (2) Quote (oV, for the quotient, take) the digit against the total next less, or under the first corresponding figures of the dividend, viz. 7585. Then, instead of subtracting, according to the common method, the facit of the divisor by 9 (viz. 6912) from (7585) the corresponding figures of the dividend (3) Subtract by addition, and say [not, 2 from 5, and there remains 3 ; but] 2, and (so much b 1 98765 X 76S ttq' 2 197530 (I) F 4 395060 hy ' **! 790120 « 5 i. 592590 T 1 i Ml • 691355 (") . "^ b 75851520 -i- 768 1 «■ 673794 1536 2 ^ 5898 2304 3 1. 43. 3072 4 Quotient (111) 384^J .> 98765 ^ 968 4608 6 1929 1936 5376 7 Quotient: 102 6144 8 C912 1 « LOWE'S MNEMONICS. 15^ as will make 5, viz.) 3 is 5 : then 1, .uul (a« much as will make 8, viz.) 7 is 8: then!), and [what will make 1.5 fsince 9 cannot be taken from 5) viz.] (i is 15*, tht-n, 1, thai I borrow, and (i it 7 ■• and so on.—— In the DivisioN-smn (III) it appears that All the tabulating necessary to find the quotient, i-s only to double the divisor: for, the total ne.xl less than (the 1st divi- dend) 987, is 9(i8 : therefore quote 1: then (he 2d dividend) 19(j has no total less; therefore (|U()tc : tlun ihe next total less than (the 3d dividend) IWui, is (the 2d total, viz.) 19'M'> ; therefore quote 2. And, in like maiuier, may be tabulated any sum, by steps, as there shall be occabion. ' N.B. 15, being the last sound in the mouth of the operator, does more readily and certainly remind him of what he borrowed, than in the common way of subtraction; which is no small ad- vantage to this method. WEIGHTS. Troy Weighl,for Gold, Silver, Jewels, Grains, and Liquors. Monyers reduced to Blanks. 1 MoN. Perit-e/". Droit-oAy. M^te-«6i/^-M(/y. Grain- ed Jzozy. Goldsmiths and Apothecaries Weight reduced to Grains. •2 (Gold.) Car-6 ». Pen-do (P6.) Scrup-(iy. Dram- auz. Ounce-oky. P6-loisy. Averdupois Weight, for Baser-metals, Bread, Mercery, Grocery, S^-c. Wool reduced to Pounds. 3 Clove-oi. Stone-iO. Toil-c/r. Weigh-6eu/. Sack- tauf. hast-Jisei. Other Things. 4 Pound-ounce-as. Hunp6unds-atr. hun-Fother- dn-are : Tun-ez. 156 LOWE'S MNEMONICS. Hebrew Weights, reduced to Grains. 5 Zuza-//. Bek-azei. Shek-ebei\ Man-ebeizy. Tal- amnyth. Greek and Roman Weights. P r IjtDS, kurcibe. Lept-cf?-. ASTRONOMY. MARCH, The \st Day, to find on what Bay of the Week it happens. 1 The year, more 2 and even-4th, divide by 7: 2 Bv what remains (for sat. 1 sund. and-s6-on) it is given. E.G. Ann. nom. 26 + 2 -f 6 (its even 4-th) = 34-r 7, remains 6 : i. e. friday; accounting Saturday 0, Sunday 1, monday 2, Ac. Before Chriil, reckon backward; viz. Sunday 1, Saturday 2, and soon to monday 0. c. g. Bef. Ch. 7 + 2+1 (its even 4th) = 10 ~ 7, remains 3; i. e. friday. Of the other months to find the isi day, and consequently what day of the week any day is; V. Signs. MONTHS, The Number of days in each, with the days of the Nones and Ides. A\) Se No June-Jz': Mar-Ma Jul Oc, No-j», iD-fl/'; in the rest, I. .at '. 1 February, it is well known, has 28 (in the leap-years 29), the rest 31. 2 i. e. The ^jnes are on the 7th day, the / A\)t oit 1 lind that the day souj^ht (reckoned from the day of the Sun's ri.sinj;, vix. the 9th) is 4- [for 9 + i=^ l:J.l Then 4x on (backwards\ to G, the 7lh and last : after which returns A, B, > n :i =^ a J t^5 ~S 5-S '^ S-^-^-'S: 2^^ i.^ a ^ ^"^ ^3 '^ «■* K^ n* «» L-^J T *^ ■* ^ J S. D 164 LOWE'S MNEMONICS. To find ^ J The year of the Jtiliaa period corresponditig to any \ year in aiiy JEra. p f Any year of any ^ra by the corresponding year of \ the Julian period. . f Jul for After add Coram-less- 1 for Afore ' \ take From Coram. „v r ^R After, Comm-less-1 take for Corr ~' \ but Afore, Corr. from Comm. .#^^>r^^>^ 1. JVlwi year of the Julian Period is the year 1737 (1) before Christ? (2) after Christ? Answ. (I) 1737 (l)efore Christ) — 4714 (ihe year of the co'/i/nencement of the Christian sera in the Julian period) = 2977. (2) 1737 (after Christ) -f 4713 (the co??iwencemeni-/t'w. 1) z=. 6450, the year of the Julian i)i.'riod. 2. TVIvit i/rar of Ihc Chuistian JEm is the year of the Julian period (I) 2977? '(2) 6430? Answ. (1) 2977 (the year of the Julian period corresponding to the year of the asra sought) — 4714 the cowiwiencement of the Christian sera) =: 1737. (2) 6450 (the f or?-esponding year) — 4713 (the co»jwjencement-less-l) = 1737. For the Number of Years from the Creation to the Birth of Christ. -The Christian vulgar sera commences in the year of the world 4004, jan. 1. [accordiniT to Hel- vicus, Isaacson, Ike. 3948] The Jews place the creation of the world, Later by 242 years, viz. in 3762, oct. 7 The Greek historians, on the au- thority of the septungint, Sooner by about 1490, or 1500 year?, viz. the ecclesiastical, in 5494; the cici/, in 5509. LOWES MNEMONICS. l65 FESTIVALS, IIuhj-Days, Feasts, Sfc. IMMOVEABLE. Christ. Nat-de,(/M', Circ-j;i,/». Epiph-jii,.s. Liinm-;iu,/^. H()Rt)0(l-se,6o. Trans f-au,s. Mary. Ann- mar, e/. Pur-feb,e. Nat-se,^. Vis-jul,c. C6nc- (le,/f. A3S-au,a/. Saints. All-nov,a. An(I-nov,Jz. Bap-jun,c/l Ba,rnaby-jun,o/). Barth-aug,e/'. George-apr,e<. Jaines-jul//M. Inri6- cent-clec,£/ej. John-dec,f/o/. Luke-o,a/f. Mark-apri,(/«. M<'irti- noveinb,^^/. Matt-se,c/a. Paul-jan-rfw. Pet-jun/Zow. Phil Jaco- may.cr. Sim Jud-o//t. Sle-de,(/u«. Tlio-dec,f/a. Valentine- feb,a/. Royal Family, 1737. C6R-o,6a. PRocLA-jun.ai. BoRN,King-Oj(y : sell. Queen-mar, a : seid. \Ve6, Mar-fe,de: pet. Lom-d,p: pef. Terms, as in 1737. Terms hold weeks al .- diiys Hilar-e6. East-«/t;. Q\\dn-t'„g. },\ed-cu,(ifr. Black- eu,as. Cusp- lurlar. GULFS: \io ¥\-sw(^de. Ven-itdl. Uad-arab. Per?. Beng. BalF Hn-north-am. STRAITS: Souwd-hdlt. tii-ined. UiA-hla. Ba-r° 8' W. from London; and several of the French from Paris 2° 20' E. of London. HISTORY. BIBLE. The scceral Books of it, wilh the ti)ne of their writing. OLi:- TESTAMENT. Its SO Books. Ellh-jol) ; ciply^. Mo-pent : bog, Jublt : bohj. Sum- JLi-ki: hazy. Dav : bijly. Sol-pro-can-ecc : uth. M6rtl-e : tot. E'z-chr : ely. Neli : eg. FiopJtcts. Jon: kse. Jo: cig. Am: peip. Hose: oieil. Is: piiuy. Nah : puk. Mic: put. Jer : st(t. Zeph : ciutz. Huhu : syn. Eze: loul. Ohau-lkol. Daniel: ull. Hag: Itz. Zechari : ndz, Malachi; touoi. <13 174 LOWES MNEMONICS. NEW TESTAMENT. //* 27 Books. Matt-/o.^ Mar-o^ Tliess-ier Pe-/o. Gal Cor Runm- loi. Luke-sa. Phil Col Ephes Phile Jame-s*^. Heb Act-si. Timotliy Tit-s«. Tim Peter-a«p. Jude-pa. Revel-ows. Johii-«of. ^doi in j««. ^-*V^'V-*X'* 1 i. e. EUhu is more probably supposed to be the aiuhor oi' th^ book oi job, about 17?.0 year> before the birth of Christ. So, jl/oses, the author of the jifiiialcuch, flourished in the year before Christ 1400. And so of the rest. N. B. ii.~ra is ibought by the Jewisii doctors to have writ the c/uonicles [ihe 36th chapter of Genesis, the last of Joshua and Jeremiah ; and to have revised and settled the canon of the Old Testament.] 2 i. e. Mutihaw writ his Gospel about the year of our Lijrd il. And so of the rest. 3 i. e. 27 books (from the year -11 to 97) in 36 years. ENGLAND. Us Kitigs, since the Conquest, wilh the Commencemeni of their Reigns. Will Conq-.ya«,* Ruf-/^oi. Hex Ist-og. SrEPu-bil. He ?ec-ljuf. Rich Isi-beln. JonN-a?<7j. Hen* Sd-dua. Edward Ut-doid. Ed 2i\-li/p, 3d-'Jp. Ri sec-ipp. Hen 4'ih-toun, 5th f 'at, i)th-fed. Ed 4th-/a«6, 5th, Ri Sil-feit. He 7th-jhl, 8th-/j//i. Ed 6th-ldp. Mary-/«^ El3-/«A-. Jame ist-syt. LS. 1 st- set. Caw !2d-s6n. Jame se-seit. Will MA-seiw. Aif u~py'd. Geo-paf, pep. LOWE'S MNEMONICS. 175 1 i. e. Trilliam the conqwcror began his reip;n (accounting the year to begin January 1) A. D. 106G. N. 15. 1000 is omitltd ihroiighoul this list. MONARCHIES. The grand or universal ones, their Rise, Fall, and Conlinnance. ASS: Nm(A.M.)-a/;o/t, Sar-Ze/w (Jixa-ifan, Pers- tduboi, Guv-c-iscl -^ Cass-ma-gre. Lys thrac-lie-b69. Ptolem ae-lib-a- pid-sv. Seleuc a?.) ROM: j(\\-iny'd, Jov-otat -^ East, West: taken C6n-lo:e, Rom-otun : A'ldr{A.D.)-ubz. Aid-Jia. G6i\s-ful. Od-ops. Theod- oni. Tot-loj). %%*-^^^^"* i. e. The Assyrian Monarchy begun in Xiims (A. M.) 17it?, nnd ended with As.^araddinus in '.V^33; being swallowed up by the DAUylonian, which ended (with Nnbonadiiis) in 3419, (when Cyrus reigned over all Asia,) so the kingdom was translated to the I'EKsians: from whom (by the conquest of Darius Codomannus) 111 AGll, Alexander translated it to the Giiiccians: after whose death, in 3G2j, it was (-^) divided (after the confusion of a few years\ among four of his followers. Cuss.\udcr had ?«*:cedon and ^rrcece : Z-yvimachus had { the Covknant was a sort of Chest in 7/engih, BiuMilh, Dtplh, 2^: IJ: l^. of Noah was a sort of Ship, 300: 50: 30: sulHciciit to hold (with food, \c.) all kinds of Jiiids (viz.) 200; <;^/^* 1 As appears by a calculation, made by M. de la Hire, from the crepuscula. 2 As appears by calculations made from the Torricellian expe- riments. \'. Jurin, ap Varen. 1. 6. 19. 7. 3 i. e. The weight of air compared to that of water, is as 1 to 800. &c. V. Huuksbec's Kxpcr. 5 i. c. The common air wc breathe, near the surface of the earth, is compressed, by the hare weight of the incumbent atmo- sphere, inio a 137C9th jiart of the space it would take up, were it at liberty. V. B.)yie, ap. Wallis. hydrost» 13. Phiios. Trans, n. 181. DIVISIBILITY Of Matter, acluaUy great. By great Effluvia, in a long time, bodies 16se but a smfill weight.' Candle, an inch, convertetl to Light, gives p^rts a uonillion.* 178 LOWES MNEMONICS. 1 As is evident in perfumes, &c. 2 At which rate there mii.-t fly out of it, as it hums, in the second of a minute, 418,660,000.000,000.000,000.000,000.000, 000 000,000.000,000 particles: vastly more than a 1000 times a 1000 millions the number of sands the whole earth can contain ; reckoning 10 inches to I foot, and thit 100 sands are equal to 1 inch. V. Nieuwent. Kel. Phil. vol. iii. p. 858. DUCTILITY Of Bodies, very great. Microsco])ical Spiders' spin at-a-time, at least, thrends-auth. Glass may be ilrdwti' as a web, and knit to the 4th of a line spact^. Gold, on Silver-wfre;, is drawn* to the part of an inch-bom. 1 i. e. Such as are not visible but by a microscope. 2 '* As fine as a spider's web;" but not long enough to be woven. i. e. So, that the space in the middle of the knot shall not ex- ceed one 4!h cf a line, or one 48th of an inch. 4 " To the 14-millionlh part of an inch, in thinness:" and yet is so perfect a cover to the silver, that there is not an aperture to admit alcohol of wine (the subtilest fluid in nature) nor even light itself. Reaumur. EVAPORATION From Water, its Qucmtity. FooT-squtlre, by heat, in a day, evdporales hdU' of a wine pint'. So, Medi tuns-udkym'^ ; near a third more than'fi brought by the rivers^. 1 According to experiments made by Dr. Halley, ap. Misccll. Curios, vol. 1. To which it may be added, that the winds d) sometimes cairy off' more tb.-in rises by heat. LOWE'S MNEMONICS. 179 2 Estimaiing ihe ;1/«/iterrancan iit iO degrees long, and 4 hroad. ;{ V. Rivers-, and, consequently, from the whole watery sur- face abundantly enough to furnish all the dtws, rains, springs, rivers, &.c. th ii are conveyed into the ocean. MAN. Life, Marriage, Parts, Perspiration. Live, out of lig, t)iit — at Ad, so* — at As, ///—at Es, bu — &t Is, buu & at 0.1, dz at Us, au & at Aus, i at Ois, a. Mark, a in dzf*: l)ir-A' (ti) biir as a,uH to a*) niales-Zjo to fem-^/s. BoNES-fHi. MuscLES-/en. Teeth-j'J IjI.ood as ag to aaiiij^, Beats, in an hour, tinies-(///j : and an ounce, at a time, is discharged ': .52 feet in a minute j as sept-r/j^ to 1 in the ex- tremes®. Perspii;k thronij;h pores (/>ei//i -whereof by une grain of *and may be covered) 5 parts of 8 (a day's fc6d) from hours 5, after meals, to the 12th, 39. 1 i. e. Of the children born, out of 100, there are liTing, at 6 yean of age, but 64. And so of the rest. V. Halley, ap. Low- thorp, Tol. iii. p. fifif). N.B. On observations of this nature, drawn from the bills of mortality, is computed the value of an- nuiticx for different ages of life. V. Annuities. 2 i. e. 1 in 104 Mnrrij. King. 3 i. c. Marriages, one with another, do each produce 4 births. Derham. 4 i. e. Births to Burials are as 1, 6 to 1. Derham. 5 i, e. Males, born, to Females, are as 14 to 13. Graunt. G. i. e. In a body, weighing lOO pound, 100 thereof aic Blood ; understanding thereby not only the fluid contained in the veins and arteries; but also that in the lymphae-ducts, nerves, and the other vessels, secreted from it, and returned into it. Keil. 180 LOWE'S MNEMONICS. 7 i. e. 250 pounds in an hour ; at the rate of the whole mass, in 24 minutes. 8 i. e. The blood is driven out of the heart into the great artery with a velocity, •which would carry it 52 feet in a minute : a ve- locity to that of its motion in the remotest branches, as 100 septiilions [7th period] to 1. 9 Within 5 hours after eating, there is perspired about 1 pound; from the 12th to the 16th scarce half-a-pound. Sanctorius., RIVERS. The QxiantUy of their Waters. At Kingston -bridge, Thames (yards Broad-a3',Deep-i) 2 mile an hour Runs* : tuns-e~/n igth m. a day ; rh e ti po ni do niest nieper akdoirn*. 1 In a d.ny, 48 miles, 84,480 yards; which multiplied by (3 times 100. the profile of water at the bridge, viz.) 300 yards, gives 25,344,000 cubic yards of water, i. e. 20,300,000 tans. 2 The most considerable rivers that f.ill into the Mediter- ranean sea are the Rhone, Elro, Tiber, Po, Danube, Nile, Don, Nicster, Nieper. Each of these is supposed to carry down 10 times as much water as the Thames, (not that sny of them is so great ; but so to allow for the other lesser rivers that fall into that sea.) Now the water of the Thames being corr^puted, as above, at about 20,300,000 tuns; the 3 rivers aforesaid will amount, each, to 203,000,000 ; in all, 1,827,000,000 tu.ns. V. Evaporation. 181 MEMORIAL VERSES, ADAPTED TO THE OBFX.OniAK AttOUNT, OH NEW STYLE. To know if it he Leap Year. Leap Year is given, when four will divide The cent'ries complete, or odd years beside. Example for 1752. 4)52(0, Leap Year 13 Ex'AMPLE FOR 1800. 4)18(2, not Leap Year 4 To find the Dominical Letter. Divide the cent'ries by four; and twice what does remain Take from six ; and then add to the number you gain The odd years and their fourth; which, dividing by seven, What is left take from seven, and the letter is given. R 182 MEMORIAL VERSES. Example for 1752. 17(1 o 4— 2 6 4 52 13 — 7 7) 69 (6 9 1 = A. % the Dominical Letter, to find on what Day of the Week any Bay of the Month will fall throughout the Year. At Dover dwells George Brown, Esquire, Good Christopher Finch, and David F^i'o^^ Example for May 9, 1752. A being the Dominical Letter. 1 May = B = Monday 7 8 = Monday 1 9 = Tuesday. » See this noticed at page 94, MEMORIAL VERSES. im To Jiuil the (ioltlen Number, Cycle of the Sun, uml Komai) Indictioii. When one, nine, tl»ree, to the year have added been, Divide by nineteen, twenty-eight, liiteen : By whut remains each cycle's year is seen. Examples for 1752. 1752 1 1752 9 19)1753(92 43 5 = G. No. 28)1761(62 81 25 = Cy. S. 1752 3 15)1755(1 25 16 105 15 = : Rom. Indict. A general Rule for the Epact. Let the cent'ries by four be divided ; and then What remains multiplied by the number seventeen j lorly-three times the quotient, and eighty-six more Add to that ; and diviiling l)y five and a score; From eleven times the prime, subtract the last tjuote. Which, rejecting the thirties, gives th' epact you fought. r2 184 MEMORIAL VERSES. Example for 1752. 4)17( 1 — 17 G. No. = 5 11 4 i^ 43 55 11 17-2 86 17 30)44(1 14 = Epact 25)275(11 Tojind the Epact till the Year I9OO. The prime wanting one, multiplied by eleven, And the thirties rejected, th' epact is given. Example. G. No. = 5 1 4 11 30)44(1 14 = Epact. To find Easter Limit, or the Day of the Paschal Full Moon, from March 1, inclusive. Add six to tlie epact, reject three times ten, What's left take from fifty, the limit you gain : MEMORIAL VERSES. 185 W'liith if fifty, one less you must make it, and even W'hcp. furty-nine too, if primes more than ileven. Example. Epact = l-l- G 20 50 30 = Limit. To find Easter Day. If the letter and four from the limit you take. And what's left from next number, which sevens will make ; Adding then to the limit what last does remain. You the days from St. David's to Easter obtain. Example. Limit = 30 A = 1 5 4 25 5 28 = next Sevens 3 30 = Limit 33 Days 31 = March April 2 Easter Day. . 1R6 MEMORIAL VERSES. To find the Age or Change of the Moon. Janus 0, 2, 1. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 8, 10, 10, these to the ep;ict fix. The sum, bate 30, to the n)onth's day add. Or take from 30, age, or change, is had. Example, March 10, 1752. Ep.=14 l = No. of the Month 15 10=Day of the Month 30 15 2S Day€ = Moon's Age. 15 Anarch = Change. To find the Time of the Moon's coming to the South, and of High Water at London Bridge. Four times the moon's age, if by five you divide. Gives the hour of her southing : add two for the tide. Example. Moon's Age, 9 days 4 5)36(7 ii. 1 12 m=:|h. 7h. VZ m. p. m. = Soulhing. 2 12 = High Water. APPENDIX. KEPITES MOX ; S>IVE EST NATVR.t HOC, SIVE ARTIS. Sat. iv. lib. 2. Horace in the above word> alluded to the Art of Memory (Mneinonica) more than once praised by Cicero, who has also given precepts for the improvement thereof, in the third book of Rhetoric addressed to llerennius, where he says, " the Art consisted of fixing in the mind, upon certain conspicuous places, and on images formed of the things in be remembered and that were applied in order to those places ; which last mentioned served instead of paper, and the images as so many words, whose regular application jierforined the ortice of writing." Quintilian likewise mentions Mnemonics in his Institutes of an Orator, and Pliny notices them in his Natural History, though the original in- ventor was the Greek jwet Simonides, who at a feast recited a poem, in honour of Scopas, victor in wrestling at the Olympic games, who gave the entertainment, but having digressed in praise of Castor and Pollu.x, his patron would pay only half the sum pro- mised, saying he must get the other part from those deities who had an equal &hare in his performance. Immediately after Si- monides was told that two young inen on white horses must needs speak with him. He had scarce got out of the house, when the room fell down, all the persons in it were killed, and their bodies so mangled, that they could not be known one from an- other: upon which Simonides recollecting the place where every one had sat, by that means distinguished them. Hence it came to be observed, that to (ix a number of places in the mind in a certain order, was a help to the memory. This action of Si- monides was afterwards improved inta an art, the nature of which is this: form in the mind the idea of some large place or building, divided into a great number of distinct parts, ranged and disposed in order : frequently revolve the'se in your thoughts, till able to rim them over one after another without hesitation, beginning at any part : then impress upon your mind many images of living 188 APPENDIX. creatures, or any other sensible objects most likely to be soonest revived in the memory. These, like short-hand, or hieroglyphics, must stand to denote an equal number of other word?, not other- wise so easily to be remembered. When therefore you have a number of things to commit to memory in a certain order, place these images regularly in the several parts of your building : and thus, by going over those parts, the images jjlaced in them will be revived in the mind ; which will give the things or words themselves in the desired order. The advantage of the images seems to be, that, as they are more like to affect the imagination than the words, they will be more easily remembered. Thus, if the image of a Hon be made to signify strength, and this word be one of those I am to remember, and is placed in the porch ; when, in going over the several parts of the building, I come to the porch, I shall sooner be reminded of that image than of the word stfiiglh. This is the artificial memory both Cicero andQuintilian speak of; but seems, indeed, a laborious way, fitter for assisting to remember any number of unconnected words than a continual discourse. Grecian orators also made use of the statues, paint- ings, ornaments, and other external circumstances, of the places where they harangued, for reviving, in progressive order, the topics and matter of their orations ; and though among the Latins, Cicero averred that Mnemonics were the basis of his excellent memory, and their practice was cultivated by others of whom Hortensius, Crassus, Julius Casar, and Seneca, are particularly noticed, yet it is not known that any modern orator has made use of this art ; however, in allusion to it, we still call the parts of a discourse j>7(ice* or topics, and say, in the fir U place, in the second place, &c. The science appears to have lain dormant in after age?, till Raimond Lull^, about the close of the thirteenth century, brought it once more into notice, and it has ever since been called ' Lull^'s Art.' Scepsius-Metrodorus, Carneades, Hippias, and Theodectes, among the ancient Greeks, practised or wrote upon this method. The principal Romans are mentioned above. The writers upon the art, from the time of Lull6 to near the end of the seventeenth century, principally consisted of Marsilius-Ficinus, Grataroli, Bruschius, Muretus, Schenkel, Manin-Sommer, Hors- tius, Johnston, Morhof, and I'aschius; with Gebelin in the eighteenth. Muretus declares that he dictated between two and three thou- sand unconnected Greek, Latin, or barbarous words, to a young Corsican practising that art, who immediately spoke them, regu- larly in order, and afterwards repeated the same backwards with- out any error, asserting that he would undertake to say thirty-six thousand words in a similar manner. Lambert or Lamprecht Schenkel, born at Bois-le Due, in 1547, acquired celebrity for his discoveries in the Mnemonic art, and to .propagate tlvese, he travelled through the Netherlands, Germany, APPENDIX. 189 and France; where his method was inspected by the great, and transmitted from one University to another. Schenkcl brought himself through evtry ordewl, to the astonishment and admiration of his judgL's. The rector of the Sorbonne, at I'aris, permitted him to teach his science at that University ; and Marillon, iMaitre des Requ6ts, gave him an exclusive privilege for practising Mne- monics throughout the French dominions. Hi* auditors were, however, prohibited from communicating this art to others, under a severe penally. .Schenkei delegated the licentiate Maitm Som- mer, and invested him with a regular diploma for circulating his art, under certain stipulations, through Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the neighbouring countries. Sommer now (1619) published a Latin treatise on this subject, under the title of" Bre- vis Delineutio de Utililatibus et EH'ectibus admirabilibus Artis Memoriae." In this he announces himself as commissioned by Schenkei, to instruct the whole world. «* A lawyer, says he, who has causes to conduct, may, by the assistance of my Mnemonics, stamp them so strongly on his memory, that he will know how to answer each client, in any order, and at any hour, with as much precision as if he had but just perused his brief. And in pleading, he will not only have the evidence and reasonings of his own party at his lingers' ends, but all the grounds and refutations of his antagonist also ! Let a man go into a library, and read one book after another, yet shall he be able to write down every sentence of what he has read many days after at home. The proficient in this science can dictate matters of the most opposite nature, to ten, or thirty writers, alternately. After four weeks' exercise, he will be able to class twenty-five thousand disarranged portraits within the space of a few minutes." The Art of Memory is little more than the art of attention ; and this method of it, which appears more connected with Egyptian hieroglyphics than has generally been thought, seems to consist in nothing else but a certain method of coujjling or associating the ideas of things to be remembered, with the itleas of other things, already disposed orderly in the mind, or that are before the eyes. Many have been the attempts to assist the memory. ^^^^ have had recourse to medicine, such as Hors-tius, iNlarsiliiis-Fici- ii-is, Johnston, and others. That good health, a good digestion, and a mind free from cave, arc helps in this r.spect, is an old oh- serva'ion. That a'.;ention, application, frequent recapjula'ion, are necessary, is known to every one. But v heiber, be$id.'S na- tural h.alib, and parts, and the exercise of our faculties, art may not give a further assistance to memory h s been a question. Within the present century this science ha< bejn reviveil and greatly studied in Germany and Fr.ince; Ur. Kljber published at lirlangjn, in the year 1802, a German translation, iilii-trited by note-! of '• Gazyph ilium Artis Memoria; per Sche..kclium," which the Doctor his entitled " L'omp:nJium of Mn;monics, or the Art 190 APPENDIX. of Memory, at the beginning of the seventeenth Century, by L. Schenkel and M. Summer ;" but the modern restorer of this art is M. Aretin, who exacted from his pupils a promise not to write down his lectures; and though he permitted one pupil, M. Kaest- ner, to teach at Leipsic, yet it was on the express condition of not allowing his hearers to write. According to a book, said to have been composed by a child of twelve years of age, in the catalogue for the Ss-'ptember fair at Leipsic, 1806, Mnemonica may be so taught as to give a memory to individuals of every age. In France, the celebra'ed astronomer M. de Lalande bears tes- timony to the fcjllowing facts: " I have witnessed the extraor- dinary effecis produced on the memory by the method of M. de Feinaigle : one of his pupils is able to repeat, in any order, with- out the least mistake, a table of fifty cities in all parts of the world, with the degrees of longitude and latitude in which they are situated ; the same is the case with chronology: in the An- nuaire I have inserted 240 dates from ancient and modern history, and M. de Feinaigle's scholars repeat them all — an astonishing a'd in the study of geography and history !" Neither has this science been unattended to in Great Britain ; for, besides Johnston already mentioned, who was a Scotch phy- sician, practising at the courts of James and Charles I. Mnemo- nics are frequently mentioned by the great Chancellor Bacon, as in his Treatise on the Advancement of Learning; his Natural History, wherein he states, " The brains of some creatures, when their heads are roasted, taken in wine, are said to strengthen the memory : as the brains of hares, hens, deer, &c. and this faculty seemeth to be incident to those creatures that are fearful." In the tract De Augmentis Scientiarum, Bacon recommends theatrical action as an assistant to memory, and also alludes to the system of Simonides as founded on the theory of emblem?, by saying, " Emblem reduceth conceits intellectual to images sensible, which always strike the memory more forcibly, and are therefore tbe more easily imprinied, than intellectual conceits." In the No- vum Organum the science is again mentioned under the appella- tion of " Order or Distribution in respect to places, furniture, person--, animals, plants, words, letters, characters, &c." Dr. Thomas Fuller, the author of the History of the Worthies of England, was also an adept at this art; he could repeat five -hundred strange words after twice hearing them, and make use of a sermon verbatim, if he once heard it: after one inspection, he told in exact order both forwards and backwards the name of every sign from Temple Bar to the furthest part of Cheapside, in the city of London: he would write the first words of a number of lines near the margin of a sheet of paper, then by beginning at the head, would so completely fill up every line, and without fpaces, interlineations, or contractions, so connect the whole, that the sense would be as perfect, as if regularly written in the ordi- nary way. The following works were also expressly published on this sub- APPENDIX. 191 ject : Mnemonica, or the Art of Memory, drained out of the pure Fountains of An and Nature, digested into three l)ook-i : also a Physical Treatise of Cherishing Natural Memory; diligently col- lected out of divers Learned Men's Writings. By John Willis, B:ttchelour in Divinity, H)61. This author's mcthud commences with rules for remembering common affairs, next words, then phrase-, afterwards sentences, and long speeches. Tho second book treats of remembering without writing, next by certain verses purposely borne in mind, and by extempore verses. The third treats of Repositories, iu which is a print of an imaginary building of hewn stone in form of a theatre, where all things intended to be remembered are supposed to be arranged in ord.T, and he gives various f'pscimcns of ideas to exemplify his plan. The Art of Memory, a Treatise useful for all, especiilly such as are to speak in public. By Marius D'Assigny, B.D. 1699. This gentlein:in's mode begins with a chapter of the soul or spirit of man, and in the succeeding chapters, after treating of memory, temper, &c. he gives in the sixth a number of receipts for cleansing the hair, comforting the I)rain, and strengthening the memory, by means of plaisters, ointments, and powders ; and in his other chapters proceeds wiih some instructions for remem- bering words and things; as, for instance, he states, t'lat" others, instead of a house, palace, or building, have chosen such beasts as answer to all the alphabetical letters in the Latin tongue, dividing every one into five parts, viz. head, fore feet, belly, hinder feet, and tail, so that by this means the fancy may have one hundred and fifteen places to imprint the images of memorable things." Heidegger, who about the year 1740 styled himself Surintendant de plaisirs d'Angleterre, at the Opera in the Haymarket, excelled Dr. Fuller, by being able to repeat the names of all the signs in their due order on each side of the way from Charing Cross to Aldgate, a space containing near one thousand four hundred houses, most of which at that period had signs. Dr. Rees, editor of Chambers's Cyclopa-dia, says, *' Mnemonic tables exhibit in a regular manner what is to be remeinbered of the same subject. And although the sciences ought to be taught scientifically as much as possible, and every thing should so be placed as to be intelligible and demonstrable from vi-hat has pro- ceeded, yet tobies ought not to be rejected, as they are helps to retain the doctrines of which the mind has haci s iflicient evidence. Ill such tables the pro|)crties of things are to be expressed con. cisely ; illustrations and demonstrations should be left o it, as the proposition should have been made sufficiently clear and certain before it is registered in the table — hence the contents of such tables ought only to be definitions and propositions relat've to the subject. If a subject require a long table, it may be subdivided into smaller, by making first one of the most general heads, and referring from each of these to a separate table ; by this means the order and connection of the whole will be preserved. Such 192 APPENDIX. tables would produce a loc;il and artificial memory, of great use to the retention and recollection of things; they would greatly facilitate a distinct view of the properties of their subjects, and facilitate recapitulation. Besides, as the expressions used in such tables ought to be concise, so as just to excite rhe idea of the ob- ject to be remembered, soon after that idea has been acquired ; after (some time) a certain obscurity will be found in perusing the tables, which will give timely warning that our ideas begin to fade, and that they ought to be renewed; and this may- be done with- out much trouble, if not delayed too long." " Men complain of nothing more frequently (says Beattie in the Theory of Moral Science) than of deficient memory : and in- deed every one finds, that, after all his efforts, many of the ideas which he desired to retain have slipped irretrievably awaj' ; that acquisitions of the mind are sometimes equally fugitive with the gifts of fortune; and that a short intermis-ion of attention more certainly lessens knowledge than impairs an estate. To assist this weakness of our nature, many methods have I:>een proposed ; all of which may be jusily suspected of being ineffectual : for no art of memory, however its effects may have been boasted or ad- mired, has been ever adopted into general use : nor have those who possessed it appeared to excel others in readiness of recol- lection or multiplicity of attainment'-. The reader who is desirous to try the effect of those helps, may liLive recourse to a treatise entitled Grey's ^lemoria Technica, or Method of Artificial Me- mory : but the true method of memory is attention and exer- cise." A writer in the Monthly Magazine for September, 1807, under the signature of Common Sense, tells us the Art of Mnemonics is founded simply on the powers of asfociation in the human mind. Every person who has twice travelled the same road, will probably have brought to his recollection, during the second jour- ney, the feelings of his mind, the subjects of conversation, and other trivial incidents which occurred during his first journey, the moment he comes again wiihin sight of the successive objects; these recollections will take place exactly in the same order as the objects which bring them again before the mind. All that is wanted to enable us to retrace any set or succession of ideas, is an unvarying continuity of objects with which we can associate them. Any person who wishes to try an experiment on this power of as- sociation, need only make use of the succession of rooms, closets, staircases, landing-places, and other remarkable spots or divisions of his own house. Let him apply any word or idea to the several parts, in determined order, and he will find it almost impossible, in recalling the same, not to associate the idea or word previously annexed to ench part ; for example, a person may learn the suc- cession of the kings of England in ten minutes, by annexing the name of each succeeding monarch to the successive rooms, &c. of the house, regularly descending or ascending; but anj' other per- manent and familiar class of objects will, in general, answer the APPENDIX. 193 purpose better. I was educated in the vicinity of Oxford-street, and the streets running therefrom, south and north, (bej^inning at Charles-street, Soho-t^quare, and proceeding to Park-lane, and back again on the other side to Hanway-yard,) arc the permanent and familiar objects I use fur the purpose of successive association. The counties in England, the kingdoms and countries throughout the world, the villages, and other oiyccts on a great road, or the streets of a city, are all well suited to this business of association; and any of them may be taken iiidiU'ercntly by various persons, according to their acquaintance therewith. The greater the va- riety of ideas connected with this set of objects, which may be called the associating Ac//, the more easy and certain is the power of recollection. By this method I once committed to memory, in a single morning, the whole of the propositions contained in the three lirst books of Kuclid, with such ])erfection, that I could for years afterwards specify the number of the book on hearing the proposition named, and recite the pro))osition on hearing the number and the book ; and have frequently, in mixed companies, repeated backwards and forwards from fifty to an hundred uncon- nected words, which have been but once called over. To prove the simplicity of the plan, I taught two of my own children to repeat fifty unconnected words in a lirst lesson, of not more than half an hour's continuance. 194 CHRONOLOGICAL WORDS. CHRONOLOGICAL WORDS ON DR. GREY'S PLAN. Creothf, the creation of the world, 4004 years, A. C. Beleiok, the deluge, 2348. Bahctheop, the building of Babel, 2247. Argonatloii, the Argonautic expedition, 1359, hycurgoiidaii, the birth of Lycurgus, 926. Olyinpot.s, the Olympic games, 776. Rom^M^, the foundation of Rome, "53. Ninev^f^c?, the destruction of Nineveh, 602. Marathony, the battle of Marathon, 490. Alexanderi/a;;, the birth of Alexander, 356. Ipst'^fl!, the battle of Ipsus, 301. Cheron?7ei, the battle of Cheronaea, 338. Pharsalofr, the battle of Pharsalia, 48. PhiVippod, the battle of Philippi, 42. Acti^tf, the battle of Actium, 31. JesiV, the resurrection of Jesus Christ, A. D. 33. HercuIano!«, the destruction of Herculaneum, 79. Jerusalotr, the destruction of Jerusalem, 70. Romoa,~, Rome sacked by Alaric, 410. 'Roxnopi/, Rome being taken by Odoaccr, 470..j Mahom?/^a, the birth of Mahomet, 571. Mahomaucld, the Hegira of Mahomet, 622. IMahom.s?(/, .Mahomet's death, 632. JerusaUtaii, Jerusalem taken by Omar, 636. Charlemoj/e, the birth of Charlemagne, 742. Charlemcii/z, Charlemagne crowned at Rome, 800. AUreioiis, Alfred divided England into counties, &c. 890. Canuta^a;;, Canute became king of England, 1017. Machazoy, Macbeth usurped the throne of Scotland, 1040. WiWiassau, England conquered by William of Normandy, 1066. Crusadasoid, the first crusade commenced, 1095. Henro^, Henry I. commenced his reign, 1100. Ghihelaglo, the Ghibelines and Guelphs disturbed Italy, 1154. Jerusalaglioi, Jerusalem taken by Saladin, 1187. Constantinoplfl(?^(f, Constantinople taken by the French and Venetians, 1202. Turkadouk, the Turkish empire commenced under Othman, 1298. CHRONOLOGICAL WORDS. 195 Bannocka/rz/", the battle of Bannockburn, ISH. Crecalos, the battle of Crecy, I'dlG. Poicatlaii, the battle of I'oicticrs, 1356. OUerbatcik, the battle of Otferhiirn, 1388. Tamerlf////J, the victory of Tamerlane at Angoria, 1402. Agincoiirqfdl, the battle of Aj^iiicourt, 1 11.>. Co\mnhufuiid , Columbus discovered Ili.-.i)anioIa and Cuba, lt92. CdhoU if oun, Sebastian Cabot landed in North America, 1 499. Maximilrt//p, Maximilian divided Gcrmr.ny, 1500. Lutherrt/Z/Of, Luther commenced the Reformation, 1.517. Char\ull>i»i , Charles V. elected emperor, 1.519. l\bo(\(ildf, Rhodes taken, 1522. Va\a/(Iii, the battle of Pavia, 1525. RomoWoj, Rome taken by Charles V, 1527. Fassa/i/rf, the treaty of Passau, 1552. Vervaloiik, the i)cacc of Vervins, 1598. Vragasex, the battle of Prague, 1C20. Barbad(75c/, the planting of Barbadoes, 1G25. Lutza«iV7, the battle of Lutzen, 1().32. Westphal(2«;/v, the treaty of Westphalia, lfi48. "Simcgbaupci, the peace of Nimcguen, 1678. Revolaskei, the revolution in Britain, 1688. Gibralt(j/W(), Gibraltar taken by Admiral Rooke, 1704-. BlenheiJoi?//, the battle of Blenheim, 170t. Malpla^Oi'sow, the battle of Malplaquet, 1709. Dettinayw^, the battle of Dottingen, 1713. Fontenfto;/)/, the battle cf Fontenoy, 171-5. Mindenay)/o«, the battle of iMinden, 1759. Grenadfl/jojw, Grenada taken by the French, 1779. Bastil«/jA:o«, the Bastile destroyed, 1789. LouisayjHj, Louis XV'l. guillotined, 1793. Camperdo;*«pf, the Dutch defeated oft' Camperdownj 1797. Nil<7/);(f;, the battle of the Nile, 1798, Seringo/)«cii/, the taking of Scringapatam, 1799. Trafalg(7/6y, the battle of Trafalgar, A. D. 1805. 6 2 196 CHRONOLOGICAL EXERCISES. CHRONOLOGICAL EXERCISES ON DR. grey's method OF ARTIFICIAL MEMORY. Form memorial words expressive of the asra of the building of Babel, 2247 years before Christ. The building of Thebes, 1493. The building of Corinth, 1320. The building of Tyre, 1252. The burning of Troy, 1184. The building of Carthage, 869. The foundation of Byzantium, 658. The taking of Babylon by Cyrus, 538. The battle of Salamis, 480. The battle of Mantinea, 363. The battle of Arbela, 331. The taking of Corinth by the Romans, 146. The battle of Pharsalia, 48; and the death of Julius Caesar, 44 years A. C. The commencement of Trajan's reign, A. D. 98. The commencement of Aurelian's reign, 270. Charlemagne sole monarch of France, 772. The battle of Roncesvalles, 778. The commencement of the reign of Alfred, 872. The commencement of the reign of Canute, 1017. The commencement of the reign of Stephen, 1135. The commencement of the reign of Margaret of Norway, 1286. The battle of Angoria, 1402. The battle of Barnet, 1471. The revolution in England, 1688. The battle of Dettingen, 1743. The siege of Gibraltar, 1779. The destruction of the Bastile, 1789. The union between Great Britain and Ireland, 1800. The surrender of Alexandria to the British troops, 1801. THE USE OF THE INDEX 1 HE following Index may be useful in two respects; either as it will serve to try the proficiency of the learner, who may exer- cise himself in resolving and explaining the Memorial Words, thus sejjarated from their proper classes, and intermingled with each other, (which will at the same time be a means to fix them the better in his memory ;) or, as it may be to those who are a little acquainted with the art, but have not charged their memories with the technical lines, a ready help to answer many questions in chro- nology, geography, history, &,c. without the trouble of searching for them in the tables: to make which the easier in the historical ' and chronological part, it was thought proper to add a letter or two at the end of each word ; by the help of which, and the be- ginning of the words together, any one, who is but tolerably ac- quainted with history, and is master of the general key, will rea- dily know what the words stand for. The principal abbrevintions are as follow : AB. Archbishop of Canterbury. JEr. ^Era or cpocha. B. Battle. B IL Bishop of Rome. C. Council. Ep. Epistle, i. c. the time of writing it. Ev. Evangelist. E R. Kniperor of Rome. E E. Emperor of the East. E W. Emperor of the West. F. Father. H. Heretic, Schismatic, &c. II P. High Priest. J. Judge of Israel. K. King. KAss. King of Assyria- K B. King of Babylon. K E. King of England. KEg. King of Egypt. KJu. King of Jiidah. K Is. King of Israel. K M. King of Media. K Ma. King of Macedon. KP. King of Persia. K R. King of Rome. 3 198 THE USE OF THE INDEX. K S. King of Syria. L. Lawgiver, Learned Author, &c. Leg. Legate. Mart. Mar'vr. P. Pope. Pa. Patriarch. Man, Ph. Philosopher. Po. Poet. Pr. Prophet. Q. Queen. W. War. := different Names of the same person. Those words which have no letter at the end of them, denote some fact in history ; as Ahanel) the calling of AEraham. The Italic letters represent the year before or after Christ. The small Capitals m and p in the middle of a word denote the year of the world, or of the Julian period, as Troypi/^a, &c. Be careful to give the right pronunciation ; and note, that the accent, unless where otherwise marked, or when the penultima, or last syllable but one, is long by position, is always on the antepe- nultima, or last syllable but two. INDEX TO GREY^S MEMORIA TECIINICA: Containing the Chronological and Historical Words. Page A-Banch or Abraneb JE, 5, 6, 7 Ahdonaso J. 18 Abc:i/h--l)()tl Pii. l K P. 25 Arthto/" K E. 12,13 Art-L6ng=Ahas. K P 26 Art-L6iig-/ty=Aha.s. K P. 26 AthaliAr/to Q Ju. 19, 20 Athanzw or Alha'e^ F. 40,42 Athaul/(/.-,- K Spuin 44, 45 Alhcdtiuz K S. 27 Athena^orapp or At hnapp F. 40, 41 Atujla K Huns V, 38 Aug-EthehJ'/«;* 11 August/o'/ E W. 37,33 Augustc/ E R. 34 Avit/«/ E W. 37,38 Aulaiil K Eg. 27 Aure/'S E R. 36 Austi«* F. V, 41, 42 Baa«M« K Is. 1.9. 20 Bab-D'ir-Hy/js 9, 10 Bkbedit 9, 10 Bal Vdik E R. 35,36 Bahahoub L. Bas^a C. BasiWbbe H. Bis.Mkcek iup E E. B-as-Magioiz F. Bedlam L. Be]ispop K B. Bel=BalE=Nab. K B. Bihbiipze K B. Barodsou L. Bdrokib K Sweden B6adQ;^y» Q Br. Boleslath K Poland Boncsa A B. Byzanti:: Cadejl;/ Cadinfl/>?o K. C-cig-co-po-mon.sei5 C. Ca\fd-naz Pa. Caiispou Pa. CdUgulik K R. Cambylni K P. Camb=Ahas. K P. Cdn?,au K E. Caiiclau///« K. Carcdab E R. CarAnka/K Ma. Car-CNiidke E R. Caro-priir j'V K E. Car-secsok K E. Car-chc/j-rfs K E. Casibelwd Cassmagre K M. Catala«^(i Cscbl.s K. Cels6?K L. Ceraunt'c/ K S. Cerinthcia H. Chiil-lemar EuDioki C. CharleMc/^'-EW. 11,37, Charopj!;«o Archon Charted Chichfnl A B. Chi-Po-Jug-/j« Chlo.Ga!/^(/^ E R. Chris-iMundo<^/^. Chris-Psri/ot'io JE. 43 39 41, 42 37, 38 40,42 42, 43 21,23 26 22, 23 42,43 45 12, 13 44,45 46 36 15 29,30 5,39 16 17,18 34 24, 25 26 12, 13 30 35,36 30 36 13 13 14 12, 13 31 34 29,30 41,42 27 41, 42 5,39 38, 44, 4S 30 14, 15 46 22, 23 36 8, 130 8 ET HISTORIC^. 201 Chryso/o«^- F. 41, 12 Chynj-o/; K Ass. & B 22, 23 Ciin/;a/ W. 34 C\e-k-alau(l P. 42, 43 C\c-]j-atoip P. 42, 43 Clo-opAt/rt Q Eg. V, 27 Cle-llom(/«/ F. 40,41 Clem-Al(5x«>jc F. 40, 41 ClciA- \l R. 36 CUod E R. 34 C!ov«A"tf K F. 10, II Co-da-tht''-ma/ej7j, & Co -vi- just 0//(< C. 5,39 Codoma^/« K P. 25 Codtur.pn K Athens 30 Col-F-ph- Jaic Ep. 45 Colum/iw«< 1] Comm6diOci: E R. 35, 3G Com p«/;rc 11 Confes/f K E. Pa. 12, 13 ConstantinoW/i 11, 38 CoNST-Arc/o«; E E. 44,45 Const/r/C. 39 Constijs E R. 36 Co-Co- Cons. J/ E R. 36 Consu/c;o« .33, 34 Contrdc^arZ & Contracyati JEr. 7 Con.t« iEr. 131 Copernica/bi7 L. 43 Corinth-llH/} Ep. 45 CrQOsei:: Archon 30 Cr^iTpaz JViT. 8 Crccsuse K. V, 30 Crois«crt« 11 Crom-inor5i//i & Croms/ 15 Crothf -Er. 5.6,7 Curt-VESi'. L. 44 CyaxaiJ/'K M. 24,25 Cy -d-liai K M. 24, 25 Cyprt'/A- F & Mart. 40,41 Cyr-Alexo6c F. 41,42 Cyr.iilz F & Mart. 40, 42 Cyr/i,« .Er. 7 Cyr-i\fun/o«Ar X.T, 8 Cyr-Fohoik JEv. 8 Cyruts K P. iv, 5, 6, 7, 23, 2 4, 30 Dar-HystaWfi K P. 24,25 Dar.Mcd/iA- K B. 23 D..r Nothoi// K P. I>;ir=M=cya K M. Dan«// Pr. Davau// K Is. Dcbudcit Pr. Dccetuvohj Dacidon E K. Dej=Arphax K M. Dejo/>,vo« K .M. Dt^'ltYi^A- ^Er. Del-M«i«* & -Pe'tsaH Dt'iTi-Nic«^'«, -N'ica/y KS. DEN-01aA-.vo/« K. Di-ddap E R. Diainoi DidJiili-S/tER. 36,44,45 Galila.f/l' L. 43 GaWiendaus E R. 36 Gall-Volu<^/d E R. 35, 36 Gal-M/; Ep. 45 Gang/0,:; C. 40 Gelas0'/eP. 42,43 Gelaud L. 42, 43 Gens///Z K Vandals 38 G&olio doi-pattz K E. 13 Geo-PregAv«i R E. )3 GuiT-ga-'yibKE. 14 GER-Charlwcijg- E W. 44, 45 Gariz'j.-'fi 10 Getrfui E R. 35, 36 Gihcfipzu 1 5 G\AedoU. 18 Gild»,!/_) L. 42, 43 GoA.'&ahiou K. 14, 15 Gorf/;« E R. V, 35, 36 Gxacchade 34 Grani/iVB 31 Gratf/Wtf L. 43 Grato;.' E W. 37, 38 Grec-Ecc-/o«/& Grec-Civil- ul::Ou 2Er. 13iJ Grego-hi-fjtipe P. 42, 43 Grego-Naz'ois F, 40, 42 Greg Thaum e//F. 40,41 Grypadi K S. 27 Gjnpa(/li 11 Habafyw & Hag/ez Pr. Halic-AuG. L. Heh-aped-uso Pa. H&hdeka Pa, Hebjf Ep. HelifZaA- E R. Hsn-gS-tel-an-ses chen gib-ged-ped K E. Hengful K. Henquaris!*/) E W. Hen-Ste/ii L. Hen-pro^, -secbttf, - -ioiouu, '&fitd, -s^pfeil & -oclyn K HercuI«doi/' Hermo7« Hom?j;/d Po. Honor/ni E W. Hosepcil Pr. Hos/>!2, or Hose/i/3 K Hostilspy K R. 21 44 16 17,18 45 35,36 14 12, 13 37,38 43 thdas, -s'lfcd, E. 12, 13 30 41,42 40, 41 29 V, 42, 43 42,43 19,20 41, 42 40,42 42,43 9,10 32 37,38 21 20 33 Is. ET HISTORICiE. 203 Hyhaboid Hygn/o P. Hyrc///t H. P. Hyrca-sccundit H. P. 11 44, 4.5 28,29 29 Jhcobebauh-'hoj) Pa. Ifi JadxUub H P. 28, 29 3i\\d(iz J. 18 iahip P.i. 17, 18 Janiaic«f/// 1.5 Janiic Ep. 45 Jani-«ri/'&, -s;i< H P. 28, 29 Sohiip Ev. & Ep. 45 John-ps K E. 14 Joiadon/, JoiakoA.<, & J6na- hniiz H P. 28, 29 .ToiiAcc Pr. 20, 2 1 Jorkiifiii K Is. 20 Jorn-JusT. L. 44 Josiphaup L. 41, 42 Jos6phasil Pa. 9, 10 J6shfol J. 18 Josiasoir & Jitthpuk K .Iov/r/«/ER- Ircnasp V, Ix^npoiip E E. IshAo«.v Pa. \seLiik-hciz Pa. \s\cpluud A B. Ua'ipxtj Pr. I sn/o Iss/j7 B. Ital^'iH W. lTAL-Odo/>i K Italy Ji\(i-ipaud Mr. •fiidosk Judjni Ep. Jii/i E R. Jugprs K B. JiigiiiioH W. Julios E R. Jnli((/(/ E R. Jiil/.v« E R. Jii-ini'iccab«4.? H P. Jiistini/r/j E £. Ju't/n/f E E. Just-Maiior F. Ju. 19, 20 3G 40. 41 37,38 17, 18 16 4G 21 9, 10 31 34 44, 45 130 9, 10 45 44, 45 22, 23 34 iv, 30, S4 35,36 36 10, 28, 29 37,38 37,38 40,41 Laborosoarch/«? K B. 23 Laclantyt V. 40, 41 LacTihop L. 4S, '13 Lam/7»a-Pa. 17,18 Lainkvt/'poip Pa. 16 Langhf'i/j A B. 46 Laodi.s-fl C. 40 hagfi/u K Eg. 26, 27 L-dt-hed-in-oil-dal-laay C. 39 l^.as-Uat P. 42, 43 Laihyrac/^ K Eg. 27 Le-lspaj) E E. 37, 38 Lculoi E E. 37, 38 Leo- Mr/- P. 42, 43 Leo-PhciA-j E E. 37, 38 he\api/s 17, 18 Leuctrai';>i B. 31 Lihertle P. 42, 43 Ucimtct E R. . 36 l.inaJAu Po. 32 Linp-lat/ff/) 10, 11 ho\afiib 11 Lorn balk L. 43 204 VOCES CHRONOLOGIC.^ Longfaiif K P. 24, §5 Lucibup^KBr. 10,11 hukauh Ev. 4o Lycurgnej L. 32 Lycophrc/ys Po. 32 hyodul-duifC. 39 Lys-thrachebos K. 31 Mac(fa;j E R. 35, 36 Maar ipt F. 40, 42 Mahala/j?/n Pa. 17,18 Mdh^af Old- koul Pa. 16 Maho-l(W .^r, 131 Mahomaudd JEr. iv, 7 Mkhomsed JEr. 7 Majoro//- E W. 37, 38 Malachbip Pr. 21 Mar-1* Q E. 14 Manhss-ps H P. 28, 29 ManasiOi't K Ja. 19,20 iMane/7/) H. 41, 42 Maneihtky L. 42, 43 Mantf^; B. 31 Maralhoiiz B. v, 30, 31 Marcboz H. 41, 42 Marco/; E E. 37, 38 Mard-Empea K B. 22, 23 Market Ev. 4.5 Mar-Luth/G/7 1.5 RIary/«; Q E. 13 Alasaniel-yo;; 15 Mass-Para/ouZ 15 IMath/a Ev. 45 Max-Avi/«/E W. 37,38 Maxctu E R. 35, 36 MaximidcifE R. 36 MedaiOJs Archon 30 'Menappe K Is. 20 MeneUpe H P. 28, 29 Meph/fA- A B. 46 Merhpoi L. 42, 43 Meses.so!id K B. 22, 23 Mess-priiTifo/ W. 30, 31 Uess.sec.sku W. 30, 31 Meihu-e'ip-nau7t Pa. 16 MethusiPip Pa. 17, 18 Micha'Va]adsa E E. 37, 38 Uicput Pr. 21 Uin.Fdez F. 40, 41 Mil-trib/b?/i 33, 34 Mithridat^.^!* W. 34 Misdnkk 9, 10 MnemoyfKP. 25 Md6 Ev. 45 Monta/7c H. 41,42 Mos-m£/^i(, or -do/a Pr. 18 Mund-octoJ iEr. 131 Nabonad=Belsh. K B. 26 XabonadZ^/ K B. 23 Xabonas;?o/7 ^r. 7 Nabopokd K B. 23 Xab-ff* JEr. 131 Nadi/;i/K B. 21, 23 'SadniifK Is. 19, 20 Nahor»Ao'«-io/; Pa. 16 NahorfZa// Pa. 17,18 'Sahumplei 2 1 Neb.9?/.s K B. 23 Nech=Necu5 K Eg. 26 Necusofli K Eg. 24, 25 Nehemi/a Pr. 10 'Seotal C. 40 Nerig/«« K B. 23 Xer?// E R. 34 'Servous E R. 35, 36 Nic-sil-con-ari/fZ C. 5, 39 y^inezlou K Ass. 29, 30 'Sirtes:iad 9, 10 yoachaziis-nus Pa. 16 Nof«oA-Pa. 17,18 XovaJ«a H. 41, 42 Xume^A-c E R. S6 Xum/.a/K R. 33 Obadi/A-oi Pr. 21 Och(/A- K P. 25 Odoaco^s K Hcruli 38, 44, 45 O^aibess K Thebes 30 Ogygapaui flood 29, 30 Olaakzou K Denmark 45 Olmtcek Mr. 8 Oly-jan iEr. 131 0]ympinik JEr. 8 0\ympois if quo!s Mr, 7 Omnel K Is. 20 OnkelAoJ L. 42, 43 On-priinjrfa, -sdiiz &. -Xhoul H P. . 28, 29 ET HISTORICiE. 205 Oti^ctz F. 40, 41 Ori-GAh/t E E. 41, 45 Oro-Mag K P. 24, 25 Oroz-'l"HEO L. a Oih flip lA'g. 46 Oth-iMugni* E W. 37, US Otbubdaitk Leg. 46 Olhosoii E R. 34 Olhozii J. ]8 Otturfo;//^ Turk-Sultan 11 Ouomadnoi Sultan 44, 45 Vapaaz H. 41, 42 Fdp-a\u Pa. 16 Pel^g,Y/(./» Pa. ir, 18 Pe//& P.>scc«m;j Ep. 45 PjIo/A W. 31 Vanixwut E R. 35, 36 Pert julisaw/ E R. 35, 3G Pirseitiit K Mycene 30 P^-tuittii L. 43 Pha(M-« K Eg. 26, 27 PharaniJi/^ K France 44, 45 Pharso/. R. 34 PhiUlcifK Eg. 26 Phil-nad Mr. 131 Phil/w iEr. 7 Vhn\peJKK. 35,36 Plii-C;o|.Kp.Ph-Ja*e Ep. 45 Phil-Ju/;/ L. 41, 42 PhiUdJ'jEr. 7 Philipo/* B. 34 Philip;;? K Syr. 27 Phil- J- I'.p. 45 Vhocilp W. 31 Phocau-r K E. 37, 38 Phra.v/,;;, K M. 24, 25 Pinil/«~ Po. 32 Platck Ph. V, 32 Plut Appi-THA L. 44 Pol-BoJa//; K. 44, 45 Polycarfk'<.'i K. 40,41 Porpes K 15. 22, 23 PORT-Alphnti;; K. 41, 45 I'urphcpy E. 41,42 Powd*;/^ 15 Prinnjuii 11 Prin-l^-skci K Eg. 24, 25 Prisci^;3a H. 41, 42 Prisc4u/K R. 33 ProbJofi E R. 36 Procolip L. 42,43 Promaikoi 29,30 Prosp-Oros-THEO. L. 44 Prolalcn 15 Prucli«/; L. 42, 43 Psaimnaiiff, PsaininilifJ & Psam\Uj}>/ K Eg. 24, 25 Ptol-G«ogn//i: L. 43 Ptolatlibapalsy K Eg. 31 Ptol - AlexanAy.-AuloK/ -Epiphrro, - Euergdo.' 1 -Lag/;/o, - Lathyrurfi-, ■ Ph-ddko, - Philophei/y -Phombciz & -Physco- /'/•;/ K Eg. 26,2"; Pu-BaWi/i E n. 35,36 Pun-csi-daahok W. 33,34 Puro/< 10 Pyrdoin W. 33,34 PythAg/y* Ph. 32 Ralbag & Rambam L. x Reg-Babylei(Jtt 23 Regibf/ii K B. 22, 23 Rcbo;;o» K Ju. 19, 20 Kcuiipetp-diu Pa. 16 Miudap Pa. 17, 18 Rev)iau 45 RicarJ;;; A B. 46 Kick hi, B.\-seloip & Ri- iCTukt K E. 12, 13 K'\-h-^eb-ed K E. 14 Rob.ste|)h/«« L. 43 RoM-jii/i 14, 45 RomMiduh and Rom- Pinst JEr. 8, 32, 3.3 Ronyml K R. 7, 33 "Rom-iip Ep. 4.5 Ro-prf<7 Mr. 131 T 206 VOCES CHRONOLOGIC^ Rarmz L. RufAroi K E. SaI)=So K Eg. Sahac6pdoi K Eg. Sahdmoky B. Salasout-ott Pa. Sa\dibh Pa. 41,42 12,13 26 23, 25 31 16 17, 18 Salm=Ene=Shalm K Ass. 26 Salmpeb K Ass. 9, 10 Salmpck K Ass. 21, 23 Sambap H P. & Pr. 18 Samni/e W. 33, 34 Sanchabout L. 42, 43 Sa6s=Nabu. K B. 26 Sa6ssaup K B & Ass. 22, 23 Sapph*?/(i Po. 32 40 9, 10 29,30 9, 10, 20 11 44, 45 45 31 Sardanpop or pail ji K. Ass. 29, 30 Sardj/p C. Sarduff SaUifty K Crete Saulttsnw K Is. Scander&o/Y K. ScoT-Fergi!(^ K. Sec-pe-timai//; Ep. Seleucas K S. SeleucoM*, Sel-CaUfii, Ceraun-fc/, -y\!ad & .Vhaks K S. Semiianaul Q Ass. Sennachoiio K Ass. Sen=Sarg. K Ass. Septepoi SsiaJcd'i'fh'z Pa. Seru^daJm Pa. Servups K R. Sethdiy-nad Pa. Seihikoif Pa. Sev^rfl«^ E R. Sevpan K Eg Sev=Selh K Eg. ShaUuppc K Is. Shep Pa. Shembiilk-aug Pa. SidiJlfios K S. Sil-Ital-NERO L. iiim-Jii!-Maccabot,&.-sec- dap H P. Sisypha^«o K. 27 29, 30 21,23 26 10 16 17, 18 33 16 17, 18 35,36 23,25 26 20 17, 18 16 27 44 28, 29 29,30 Smalcalfos 15 Smerd=Arl. K P. 26 Socrin;? Ph. 38 Sod-Gtikoup 9, 10 Solomazal K Is. 19, 20 Sohtn Ph. V, 32 SophoclosO! Po, 32 SP-Ath/«2 K. 44, 45 S.p-ln\iikk 15 S-quinaleil P. 42, 43 Stat-consularojo 33, 34 Siat-TCgdol 33 Stephij; K E. 12, 13 Steph-da K E. 14 Stephede A B. 46 Strab-TiB. L. 44 Stratfotod A B. 46 Sudbu/oJA: A B. 46 Siiper/irf K R. 33 SWED-Brofci6 K. 45 Syl-dicte/2 34 Symmache^i L. 41, 42 Tacirfot7 E R. 36 Tacitaxci L. 42, 43 Tamba^atoun H T6mbybe Mr. 5, 6, 7 Tem-Menne & Temripze Mr. 8 Teru'yOtk-dylVs. 16 Terebes Pa. 17, 18 Tertiilanrf F. 40, 41 Teuc6«irf K. 29, 30 Thaumf//F. 40,41 Thebfldd W. 30, 31 The6cTfku Po. 32 The<')d0Ht K Ostro-Goths 38 Theod6tapu L. 41, 42 Theo-junozei E E. 37, 38 Theo-magtoiK E E. 37, 38 Theoph-Antasfc F. 40, 41 Thesbdif 30 Thes-/^-< Ep. 45 Tholett J. 18 Thorn -Aquurfii L. 43 Thiianjfl/j L. 43 TihtrfiH E R. 34 Tihnen K Is. 20 Tigraneit K A. 27 ET HISTORIC^. 207 Ti.Tlm»«, Tim-secauj? & Timo*u Ep. Tirhapijl K E?. TirharTara K Mlh. Tilsu Ej). Tit pou E R. Tot/o;> K OstroGoths TrajawA- E R. v, Trentalol C. Tren-decat-alfu C. Ttihfmd TriuH Tronekeb JEt. Tr6yabeU £i. Troy-ja« JEr. Tcoypilta JEr. TvRK-Ottomadtioi Turnlaul & Tychbloa L. Tylika Valentaiy H. Val^re/i E R. Val (en) t\aUauf&. Valen- \6do E W. VaUwo E E. & VaUsikt E W. Vespoi^ E R. Vientria C. Vitelloi;: E R. Vitruv-JuL. L. Ulp-SEV. L. Un-Ploin Voludia E R. Von\p,fos 12, 13 45 Vict-At7a-s# Mr. 131 24,25 Vrh-s CU.patoip P P. 43 26 Uz- A zariW?/ K Ju. 19,20 45 34 yfMed A B. 46 38 WU-CoriMW, Ruf/i-oi, & 35,36 Mit»/l K E. 12,13 39 Wil-t/o s(M<-fa/ K E. 14 15 VJinchUjl A B. 46 33,34 34 Xenophifott Ph. 32 8 XerxoA^M K P. 24,25 7 131, 8 Xeri-Sog K P. 25 - Yezd-ja* Mr. 131 44,45 Y6ziid Mr. 7 43 15 Zacharappt K Is. %0 Zebbel K S. 27 41,42 Zechariids Pr. 21 35,36 Zedeki/nci K Ju. 19,20 • Zedlok 9, 10 • Zenohdoid Q. 10,11 37,38 Z^noffio E E. 37,38 34 Zepha«/c Pr. 21 39 Z\m-Tihnen K Is. 20 34 ZonaraJiaA- L. 43 44 Zoroa/ne 10 44 Zosi/c/ L. 41,42 15 Zosoa/; 42, 43 35,36 Zos-Theo.jcn. L. 44 t2 THE CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL WORDS. Of words consisting of two parts in the same character, joined with an hyphen, the first part denotes a city, town, people, &e. in a kingdom, region, or province, denoted by the latter : the words in Italic letters signifying places in ancient Geography; the words in Roman letters, places in modern Geography, Thus, Abder-thra; Abdera, a town in ancient Thrace. Aginc-art ; Agincourt in Ai tois. Words in a parenthesis denote that the place represented by the first syllable or syllables, is one of those represented by the latter, as, (Antig-lee) Antigua, one of the Leeward Islands ; (Cub-ant) Cuba, one of the Antilles. The letters N. E. S. W. either following or in a word, denote the situation of a place ; as, AntilUluc S, the Antilles Inlands, South of the Lucarjos; Madeir-barb W. Madeira Isles, West of B.ivbary; AmNEmoab, the Ammonites resided on the North East of Moab. S preceding a word signifies Saint. The letters G. S. denote Sacred Geography. A snaall capital at the end of a word denotes a particular por- tion or division of the region designed by the preceding letters; as uSqui-latU points out that the iEqui dwelt in Latium Novum ; Batch-tartap, that Batchiserai is situated on the peninsula of Little Tartary. Italics joined with an hyphen denote the latitude and longitude of a place : as, Agrik-oit, the latitude of Agra 28 deg. the longi- tude T3. Italics joined with a comma denote the proportion of the king- dom, &c. to Great Britain ; as, G3Tmt,?(t, Germany to Great Britain as 3 ,53 to 1. Italics joined without an hyphen generally denote the distance from London or Jerusalem; as, Purdd sc. Paris from London about 22,> miles ; Antioch?^-, Antioch from Jerusalem about 300 miles. Syllables joined with this mark = denote correspondent places of ancient and present geography: as ^cA=livad, the ancient Achata, the present Livadia. VOCES GEOGRAPHICJi:. ABDE'Ii-thra Page 75,77 (Anlig-lee) Page C9 Acerr-cainp 76,77 Antill-luc S. 69 Ach=\'wdd 78,79 AntiochJ^-- 65 jdcrucepir 75,77 Anti6ch-pis'id 76.77 Act-acarn 75,77 AiU-vols 76,77 Adrdm-mysi 76,77 ^quilei-carn 76,77 JEgoe=&xch 79, 81 Ara7nr=:syr-mcs G S. 82 ^gin=eng 80,81 Arbel-ass 75,77 it=sirash 81 Aginc-art 59,60 Arlmin-umb 76,77 AgT^k-oit 63,64 ^rw-turc-alad 79 Agr-ind 60,61 Arv==:kama W. G S. 83,84 Aix-la-cha-west 58,60 Ashke-phr G S. 82, 83 Aix-prov 57 Ashuriins G S. 82 Aladul-nat 61 Assum-para 61 Alb=r:hT\\. 79 Astrdc-tari 61 AlepiViei 63,6+ XsiTop-lati 63, 64 Al^p.syri 60,61 Alhik-d 63, 64. Alexi6.i/ 63, 64 Athos-niac 75,77 All6b=sdiV 78,79 Aug-suab 57,58 Amas-nat 61 Avig-prov 59,60 (Amboyn-mol) 67,68 Aus-l(itn 77 Amhr-acarn 75,77 Azov-circ 61 Amien-pica 57 Az6r-port W. 68 Am-NEmoah G S. 85 - Amyc-lac 76,77 Babylt7-/o Pa. 63,64 Ana/r-i;al 76, 77 BabyloA:?/ G S. 65 A neon -pap 60 Bad-suab 58, 60 Ang-caern W. 69, 70 ^a67=guudal 91 Anj-orl 60 Bag-diarb 61 Ant-brab 57 (Baha-Iuc) ^^ The reader will find, in this Index, also many of the words more fully expressed than they arc in the body of the work. T 3 210 VOCES GEOGRAPHICiE. Bai-camja 76, 77 Bale— ma-mi 80, 81 Balt-marj' 61 (Barb-carib) C9 Ba.ihbu-l(i 63, 64 Bar-catal 58 B-isWfui.p 62, 64 Bast-corsic .09, 60 Batch-tartap 59, 60 Bel\bd-ku 63, 64 Belg-servi 58 Beneven-nap 59, 60 Bengdd-oul 63, 64 B^rge-nor 59, 60 Berl-branden 59, 60 Bermta-luu 63, 64 Berm-carol E. 69 Berr-orl 60 Berj?/-/ 62, 64 Btry-phcen 75, 77 BesancFranCom 59, 60 Bilb-bisc 58 Bl^nhe-bav v, 60 (Born-souiid) 67, 68 J3orysi=:nicp 81 Boq)h-cim-=caW 79, 81 £osp.ih>acii=const 79, 8l Bourd-gui 57 Brand-Saxu 59, 60 Bred-brab , 59, 60 Brem-saxL 58, 60 Bres-sile 59, 60 Brug-fland 57 .Brund-cala 16, 77 Brus-braba 57 Brus^y-o 62, 64 BruUoenot 76, 77 Burg-cast Vet 58 Cad-andal 59, 60 .Cagli-sard 59, 60 CandoH-il 63, 64 Cair-eg 60, 61 Cala-mess 77 Cali-granx W. 68, 69 Calpica 58, 60 Calp = gih 81 ■Camb-hainau 57 Cana-joryi 83, 84 Can^r-bild W. Cand-archip S. Cann-p''iicet Canfa=zhisc Canv-ess E. Capitanap C:iraiTian-nat Curluli-pamph Caribb-ant E. Carls-cro C (1 rp=z scar \) Canhtihy Cart-mur C«. Cop/(«./;e 62, 61 Coyisaz 6.> Cop-z.'al 59, 60 Cord anclalii 59, 60 Corf-biit W. 67 Curfini-pdig Pa. 76, 77 Corin-ach 76, 77 C'orsic-gcn S. 67 Coj=lang 80, 81 Craco polp 59, 60 Cracux-c:: 62, 64. Crem-mil 59, 60 Cress. pic 59, 60 C/f;=candy 80, 81 (Cuh-ant) 69 Cum-Foll St Ciir-sah 76, 77 Cii.'.h=(etfiiop G S. 83, 84 Cyi)-nato S. 67, 68 C(/r/<=corsic 80, 81 C///A=ceri 80, 81 Cyzi=:mtfs 76, 77 D.ia-bild 61 Z)ac/=rnold-wa-t 78, 79 DamascJw;: G S. 63 Damasc-ccel S 76, 77 Dan-a-b6erJo2 G S. 65 Dang-iuib 61 Dan-suab-eux 85, 86 DantzicAys 65 Djntzk-pol 59, 60 Dantz/zZ-icj 62, 64 Daiin-apa 76, 77 Del-jiho 75, 77 D6nni«(=chiin 78, 79 Epidati-lac 75, 77 £ /i=po 80,81 Eul'=neg 80, 81 Eiiph-arm-sin-pers 86 7:,'«x'=black 79, 81 S. Fe-gran 61 (Fer-can) 68 V'cTTck-u-Lci-dd 64 Verrck ak 64 Fez-barb 61 Fior-tusc 59, 60 Fontara-bisc 58, 60 YoxmdUg 63, 64 Formd-souchin E. 67, 68 /'or/=can 80, 81 Frano,/) 65, 6« Franc-rhinu 57, 5k FranCom-biirg E. 52 Fun-jut E. QG, 67 Gjd=-.id 80, 81 C.adi-frd=i\b 79, 81 Giicth=.niada'^ 80 Not — bavar-aus 78,79 Meshech=:mosch G S. 88 Nuntig^SiXg 79 A/(?jo/)a=Jiar 79 Nuini-HOv=h\\A 79 Messap-grceti. 77 Nurem-franc 57, 58 Mcs8iniA-5a// 63,64 Nyss-meg 75,77 Metelin nat W. 67,68 Midd-zcal 57 Od-balt 86 Mi-niajorc-valen £. 66,67 (Eiio-griril 76, 77 (Mind-phil) 67,68 Oliv-prus 58,60 Ming-georg 61 Olijm-elis 75,77 Mitt-courl 59, 60 Olynip-tliess 75,77 Mizr-ceg G S. 83, 84 Omer-art 58,60 Moa-NEcd G S, 85 Op/i=chers G S. 82 M(rs-iuf=bu\g 79 Oran-prov 57 M(rs-iiup=sex\ 79 Ork-fcot N. 69,70 Mog-=mex\\.7. 81 Oss-lhess 75, 77 Moh'ic-PEast E. 67, 6S Ovi-ast 58 Monom-ath S. 61 Oxld~/s,h,ap 64 Mons-hain 57 Monlpel-lang 58, 60 Pad=po 80,81 Mosa/.'ii/ 65 Padu-ven 58,60 Mosc/((-^e/ 62,64 Palerm-sici 59, 60 Mousiil-diar 61 1 Pal.ii-calS 77,78 Munic-bavar 57, 58 Pampel-nav 58 Munst-wusl 57, 58 PauiiuH=h\.mg;, 78, 79 AluU-hui 77,78 V.irfk-fi 58, 64 Mijce'ii-arg 76, 77 P.ir-isle S7 Pardd 64, 65 Xatalh-arav 77,78 Pa to -lye 76, 77 214 VOCES GEOGRAPHIC^. Pafav-venct 76, 77 Patm=^i\m 80, 81 Pnt-sporad 75, 77 Pek-chin 60, 61 Fekinoz-Lap 63, 64 PelioH-thess 77 Pell-cemath 75, 77 Pelopon=moT 78, 79 Perg-inyss 75, 77 Perpig-rous 59, 60 Petwara-sclav 59, 60 Peue^t-npu 77 Phar-nlexnnd 68 Phars-thessa 76, 7? Philadelp-lyd 76, 77 Philad-pens 61 PhiUp-thraci 76, 77 Philip-EastPen E. 67, 68 PAi/i47 = pal G S. 84 Phut.lib G S. 83, 84 Pisid-pamG 76, 77 Poict-orl 57 Pol-istri 59, 60 PoU,in 65, Q6 Pomeran-saxu 59, 60 Port-novscot 61 Por.^j 66 (Portric-ant) 69 (Port-sant-mad) 68 Poseg-sclav od, 60 Prag^?/fc 65 Prag-boh 59, 60 Praghj-Lo 62, 64 Presb-hungu 59, 60 Proj)out=miiT 79, 81 (Provi-luc) 69 Pyl-mess 75, 77 Q,\ii:\iop-pu 63, 64 Queb-canada 61 Ra.dtd=^tTs.gu G S. 83, 84 Ragu-dal 59, 60 Ram-d^vi-pem W. 69, 70 Rati-bav 59, 60 Ravtn-umb 77, 78 Rav-rom 59, 60 R^nn-br^ta 57 ^Aae/=gris-tyr-it 78, 79 Rha=\o\gai 81 Rhtg'Calabri 76,77 Rhei-cham 57 Rhin-gris-ger-oc 85, 8f Rhod-nato S. 67,68 Rhon-med-s 86 ^\\otoi-te 63,64 ^\cez-lou 63,64 Riga-liv 59,60 Roch-orl 59,60 RoiTi/h'-Zie 62,64 'B.6mfa,io-bi,dou 64 Romoiily 65 60 81 Rom-pap Roi7>o=Touen Rou-norm 57 Rous-catalon 59, 60 Rubi:=6am 80,81 Russasjii 66 Sab-arar 77,78 Sagun-tarr 76,77 Sagunt=moTved 81 Salam=-COl 80,81 Salamanc-leo 59,60 Salent-mcss 77,78 Salonic-mac 58 S. Salv-braz 61 Sumarol G S. 65 Samosa-com 75,77 Sam-nat W. 67,68 Saraccn-araT 77, 78 Sard-gen S. 67 Sarag-arr 58 Sard-lyd 76,77 Sardic-thraci 76, 77 A''arw=po-ta-russ-l 78,79 Sav-burg-dau E- 52 S-ixo-saxu 59,60 5'ca«rf=:swe-nor 78, 79 Scen-arao 77, 78 Sf io-nat W. 67,68 Sclav-hung 59,60 Sciith-sog=tart 78,79 Sen-AtLmt-oc 86 Serai-bosn & Sev-andalu 58 Sheb-araT G S. 83,84 Shep-kent E. 69, 70 Shet-scot N. 69, 70 VOCES GEOGRAPHIC^. 215 Siamaf-ga 63, Ci Sici-nap S. 07 Sicu.fref=zmess 80, HI Sid-phan 77, 78 Siii-adriat = ven, .amb^= lart, -arab:^redS,-corinlh = lep, -^a» = beng, •iitag = sia, -p(;r«=:bals & Sin-salam:=^ eng 80. 81 Simi'pann 76, 77 Sles-jut 59. fiO Smyrnik-dou 62, (>i Stnyrn-ion 75, 77 Smyrn-nat 61 5'«g'