^- u 
 
 '*»1h ii: 
 
 i 
 
THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 PRESENTED BY 
 
 PROF. CHARLES A. KOFOID AND 
 
 MRS. PRUDENCE W. KOFOID 
 
 .im 
 
ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY ^ 
 
 OR 
 
 ANALYSIS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE: 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 IHE RADICALS AND DEFINITIONS OF WORDS 
 DERIVED FROM THE 
 
 GREEK, LATIN, AND FRENCH, LANGUAGES ; 
 
 A:!fD ALL THE GEXEHALLT USED 
 
 TECHNICAL AND roiITE PHRASE S^ 
 
 ABOPTED FR051 
 
 THE FRENCH AND LATIN, 
 
 BY WILLIAM GRIMSHAW, 
 
 ACTHOB OF A UISTO": Y OF THE UI«ITET) STATES, HISTORY OF 
 ENGLAND, &C. 
 
 " ; — ''• Ut possem curvo dig-noscere rectum, 
 
 " Atque inter silvas Academi quaerere verum." 
 
 PHILABBLPHIJI : 
 PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR, 
 
 BY LYBIA R. BAILEY. 
 
 1821. 
 
 .?:)■ 
 
 ■i^ 
 
 tCA 
 

 E ASTER J^ DISTRICT OF PEJVjysrLVJJ\*M, to wit: 
 
 BE IT REMB:MBERED, That on the twenij-sixth day 
 (L. S.) of July, in the forty-sixih year of the Independence of the 
 United States of America, A. D. 1821, William Grim- 
 SHAW, of the said District, hath deposited in this office the Title 
 of a Book, the right whereof he claims as Author, in the words 
 following', to -ivit : 
 
 " xAn Etymological Dictionary or Analysis of the English Lan- 
 "guage: containing the radicals and definitions of words derived 
 " from the Greek, Latin, and French, languages ; and all the gen- 
 *' erally used technical and polite phrases, adopted from the French 
 "and Latin. By William Grlmshaw, author of a history of the 
 " United States, history of England, Sec. 
 
 ♦ Ut possem curvo dignoscere rectum, 
 
 * Atque inter silvas Academi quxrere verum.'" 
 
 In conformity to the Act of the Congress of the United Slates, 
 intituled, "An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing 
 the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and propri- 
 etors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned." And 
 also to the Act, entitled, *' An Act supplementary to an Act, enti- 
 tled, * An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the 
 copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors 
 of sticli copies, during the times therein mentioned,' and extending 
 the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etch- 
 ing historical and other prints." 
 
 D. CALDWELL, Cle^kofthe 
 
 Eastern District of Pe?i7mh'aniei. 
 
PREFACE. C^ti^ 
 
 I 
 
 FEW sciences are more worthy of acquirement 
 ihan Etymology. Next to the being endowed by nature 
 with a mind of acute perception, large capacity, and 
 correct judgment, there is no more powerful aid, to phi- 
 losophical inquiries, than a precise understanding of the 
 language in which knov/iedge is conveyed. If the terms 
 of scientific instruction be not clearly understood by the 
 pupil, his perceptions will at first be imperfect, and in 
 the end abortive : if not fully comprehended by the 
 teacher, his manner will betray his ignorance; and, in 
 place of developing his subject, he will involve it ; in- 
 stead of delighting, he wiil fatigue. 
 
 The English language, of the present day, with the 
 exception of transitional and conjunctive words, is two 
 fold. It consists of a dialect, emanated, without any 
 material change, through the Saxon, from the Gothic 
 or Teutonic; and of another, derived immediately from 
 the French, Latin, and Greek. The former is used by 
 the common people and by children, and, occasionally, 
 in familiar discourse, by the higher classes : the latter, 
 by the learned and polite, the philosopher and historian, 
 the orator and statesman. The first has descended to us 
 from the various northern tribes, who, in the fifth cen- 
 tury, expelled the Britains into Wales and Cornwall. 
 The second, is of more recent birth. Additions from 
 the French tongue commenced in the eleventh century, 
 on the accession of Edward the Confessor to the English 
 throne. This prince having been educated in Normandy, 
 where he had contracted many intimacies with the na- 
 tives, as well as a partiality for their manners, the court 
 of England was soon filled with Normans; who, being 
 distinguished by the royal favour, and a superior degree 
 of urbanity, rendered not only their language, but their 
 laws and customs, fashionable in the kingdom. The 
 
iV PREFACE. 
 
 V 
 
 French tongue was very generally studied, and was 
 used in their different writings by the lawyers. The 
 subjection of the British people, by the duke of Nor- 
 mandy, almost immediately after the death of Edward, 
 served still more to intermingle the continental lan- 
 guage. William endeavoured to abolish the English 
 tongue. He ordered that the youth should be instructed 
 in French, that the pleadings in the supreme court 
 should be in that language, the laws written in the same, 
 and that no other should be spoken at the royal court. 
 
 Nearly five centuries before, the Latin had been used 
 in England, in the service of the Roman church ; but, as 
 few of the clergy, even in the time of Alfred, (who as- 
 cended the throne in 871,) could interpret what they 
 were repeating, the English language could not then 
 have been rendered more copious, by the introduction 
 of Latin words. Its history is involved in much obscu- 
 rity. Even the additions, which had undoubtedly been 
 made to the colloquial tongue by the use of the Norman 
 amongst the higher orders, are not easily discovered or 
 reduced to a certain date. The nobility were unlettered ; 
 their discourse was, therefore, not committed to writing; 
 the poets composed their rude verses in the homely dia- 
 lect of the lower classes, and the historians their chroni- 
 cles in Latin. Even so recently as the beginning of the 
 last century, theological disputations as well as philoso- 
 phical inquiries were frequently written in Latin. The 
 national tongue was not yet sufficiently dignified, nor 
 sufficiently copious, to gratify the pride or express the 
 ideas of the learned ; nor were the readers, in any coun- 
 try, numerous enough to repay the expense of translating, 
 and of printing works of that kind in their own tongue. 
 A reciprocal means of communication was therefore 
 adopted, which rendered the original writings of the 
 learned in one country intelligible to those in every other. 
 
 Each succeeding year enlarges our verbal store. Every 
 new invention or discovery, every new modification or 
 combination, requires anew word. On these occasions, 
 the elementary parts are seldom drawn from the national 
 stock. The scientific terms, adopted by all modern na- 
 tions, are almost exclusively constructed from the Greek 
 or Latin. These are happily adapted to such a purpose. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The elliptical form required to express multum inparvo^ 
 much in a small compass, would be repugnant to the 
 mind and unpleasant to the ear, if compounded from the 
 native tongue; because the ellipsis would appear too vio- 
 lent; a harshness which is entirely avoided by the use of 
 foreign words. 
 
 There is little danger (though there is some,) of our 
 mistaking the true signification of our vernacular dia- 
 lect, — the Anglo-Saxon. That which we have been ac- 
 customed to do from our childhood, we will do, almost 
 instinctively, right. Words, in the use of which we have 
 had so early and long continued experience, will be thor- 
 oughly understood. Their various powers will be known 
 without a glossary. But this cannot be said of the mod- 
 ern portion of our language. Not having been required 
 in youth, it has been neglected ; and we are hurried from 
 the society who speak the other, into a maturer and 
 m.ore refined, whose discourse is, in a great measure, 
 unintelligible to us. 
 
 Many years will elapse, before we are enlightened ; 
 much arduous application will be used, much painful 
 degradation suffered. Even when we conceive that we 
 have dispelled the obstructing clouds, we are encom- 
 passed by a remaining mist, — by an opacity, more dan- 
 gerous than complete darkness, because more deceitful. 
 Without a previous classical education, (which is at- 
 tained by few males, and scarcely by any females,) we 
 are seriously perplexed : we know not which is the lite- 
 ral, which the figurative import of a word; how far the 
 former may be extended, — within what bounds the lat- 
 ter should be confined. We have derived our knowledge 
 of ideal sounds from those who are not competent to 
 teach, or willing to instruct; who may mislead us through 
 ignorance, or deceive us through design. We resemble 
 a vessel without a pilot, which is subject to the variable 
 directions of her crew, and, in tracing the windings of the 
 channel, is wrecked upon its banks. 
 
 The best verbal pilot is Etymology. But, except to 
 the classical scholar, this guide has hitherto been want- 
 ing. This is the first Etymological dictionary that has 
 ever appeared, of any language, founded on a minute 
 and regular system of analysis. Each w^ord is here re- 
 
VI PREFACE. 
 
 solved into its original elements. In words composed 
 of a Preposition and a Verb, the appropriate meaning of 
 the former, out of its multifarious significations, has 
 been chosen, to suit its particular application ; and the 
 latter has been displayed, either in its primitive shape 
 or the inflexion used in its combination. The same mode 
 has been adopted with regard to foreign Nouns. These 
 generally come to us through their genitive case, whilst 
 the Verbs very frequently reach us in their participial 
 form. 
 
 The present tense of the indicative mood, I consider 
 as the root of Greek and Latin verbs ; to which part, I 
 have therefore referred, as the fountain head : though, 
 in accordance with academical usage, I have affixed to 
 it the translation of the infinitive. Thus, I write metreo^ 
 « to measure," w^hilst the real meaning is " I measure;" 
 and facio, '' to make," instead of " I make." I have 
 also substituted the Roman Letters for the Greek, as 
 the best suited to the simplicity of my design ; en- 
 abling the mere English scholar to produce the sound 
 indicated by the Greek characters with sufficient accu- 
 racy ; whilst the radicals are, notwithstanding, exhibited 
 in such a form, that a Greek scholar may easily find 
 them in a lexicon. 
 
 The most philosophical treatise on the derivation of 
 English words is the E^s* n-rs^csv-ra, or Diversions of Pur- 
 ley, by Home Tooke. Had his plan embraced words 
 derived from the learned languages, no occasion had of- 
 fered for so inferior a philologist as the author of the 
 present work to undertake this task. My labour would 
 have been only manual. There would have been re- 
 quired only a judicious selection and alphabetical ar- 
 rangement. But he has confined his researches, with 
 some desultory exceptions, to that portion of the lan- 
 guage which is derived from the Saxon, and other bar- 
 barous dialects of the north. Several inquiring minds 
 had previously explored the remote sources of the English 
 tongue. Junius, in the sixteenth, and Skinner in the 
 seventeenth century, had exercised no small degree of 
 ingenuity in ascending the intricate windings of the ety- 
 mological stream; but their various deductions of the 
 same word excite scepticism and perplexity; and their 
 
PREFACE. VU 
 
 quaint subtleties, characteristic of the age in which they 
 lived, instead of now promoting admiration, excite con- 
 tempt. 
 
 The dictionary of Dr. Johnson is, by many, thought 
 to combine etymology with definition. But, this opinion, 
 if the work be rightly examined, will be found errone- 
 ous. Except in occasional instances, the foreign words 
 are neither analysed nor translated ; nor is the mode 
 shown by which the mind has compounded or deduced 
 them. A mere English scholar, therefore, never ac- 
 quires more than the exchange of one sound for another; 
 but not always so much: for, as the Greek letters can- 
 not be pronounced by him, they afford no intelligence, 
 more lucid, than would be experienced by a Greek schol- 
 ar, when staring, with stupid vacuity, at Arabic. He 
 is informed, that cession is derived from cedo^ accede, 
 from accedo^ geomet4'y from yicey.il^nf, information that 
 confers no benefit on the learned or on the unlearned. 
 The latter has not, by this exhibition, received a single 
 new idea ; the former, none, of which he was not pos- 
 sessed before. 
 
 The derivations have, in many instances, not been at- 
 tempted by Dr. Johnson; and the haste in which his 
 voluminous work was compiled, has prevented a uni- 
 formity of system. 
 
 A considerable number of phrases, wholly French or 
 Latin, are now interspersed throughout our language. 
 They have not been admitted into any English dictiona- 
 ry ; yet, it is not less essential to know their meaning, 
 than the signification of any words that we have fully 
 naturalized. These have not been excluded from the 
 present work. There is no essay of the scientific, nor 
 interchange of sentiment amongst the polite, that does 
 not require them. Every newspaper exhibits them : the 
 lawyer employs them to elucidate his argument, the 
 senator to adorn his oration, and the ambassador to un- 
 fold, in technical phraseology, the intention of his gov- 
 ernment. 
 
 Much more might be adduced on this subject. But 
 the author refers, for practical illustration, to the work 
 itself. The design, he is little fearful, will be approved, 
 — though he is less confident of the execution. A liberal 
 
Vlll PREFACE. 
 
 critic will, however, make due allowance on account of 
 its peculiar difficulty, — as well from its novelty as its in- 
 tricacy; and, if he discerns, upon examination of the 
 whole, that the author, notwithstanding some injudicious 
 examples, possesses abilities competent to the design, he 
 will pronounce a favourable verdict, and expect that the 
 errors of a first edition may be corrected in a second. 
 
 Philadelphia, July, l^th, 1821. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS, 
 
 F. French. L. Latin. G. Greek. — -v. verb, s. sub- 
 stantive, adj. adjective, firefi. preposition, part, parti- 
 ciple. — p. part, a passive participle, sup. supine. — pos. 
 positive, compar. comparative, superl. superlative. — 
 comp. compounded. — nom. nominative, gen. genitive, 
 dat. dative, accus. accusative, abl. ablative. — dim. di- 
 minutive, incep. or incept, inceptive. 
 
ETYMOLOGICAL DIG TIOXARY. 
 
 ABA— ABI 
 
 ABASE. V. To lower in rank. F. adaisser; L. ad, to, 
 
 and basis, the foot or base of a pillar. 
 ABASH. V. To make ashamed, or to lower a person in 
 
 his own opinion. F. abai-sscr. See ABASE. 
 ABATE, -v. To lessen. F. abbatre ; L. a, from, and 
 
 batuo, to beat. 
 ABBOT, s. The chief of a convent, or fellowship of 
 
 canons. Low L. abbas; from a Hebrew word, signify- 
 ing father. 
 ABBREVIATE, v. To shorten. L, abbrevio ; from 
 
 brevis,^ short. 
 ABDICATE. V. To resign. L. abdico ; a 6, from, and 
 
 dico-i to declare, 
 ABDOMEN, s. The lower cavity of the body. L, abdo- 
 men; from abdo, to hide. 
 ABDUCE. -v. To draw away, L. abduco; comp, of a^, 
 
 from, and duco, to lead. 
 ABDUCENT, adj. A teiTn applied to those muscles 
 
 which serve to open or pull back parts of the body, 
 
 L. abducejis., part, oi abduco. See ABDUCE. 
 ABDUCTION, s. The act of drawing away; a form of 
 
 argument. L. abductio. See ABDUCE. 
 ABERRANCE, s. Deviation. L. aberrans, part, of 
 
 aberro ; comp. of a^, from, and erro, to wander. 
 ABHOR, -v. To detest. L. abhorreo; comp. of ci^, from, 
 
 and horreoy to tremble. 
 ABILITY. 8. Power; mental efficiency. F. habilete ; 
 
 L. habiliias, from habeo, to have. 
 AB IJVITIO. From the beginning. L. ab, from, initio, 
 
 abl. oi initimn. a beginning. 
 
 [2] 
 
ABJ— ABS 
 
 ABJECT, adj. Worthless; mean; groveling. L. ahjec- 
 tusy p. part, of abjiciOy to cast out; ab^ from, and yac/o, 
 to throw. 
 
 ABJURE. T'. To swear not to do, or not to have. L. ah- 
 jiiro ; conip. oi ab^ from, and juro^ to swear. 
 
 ABLATIVE, adj. Relatmg to that case m grammar, 
 which, amongst other significations, includes the per- 
 son from whom something is taken. L. ablativus; from 
 ablatusy p. part, oi aufero^ to take away. 
 
 ABLUTION, s. The act of cleansing. L. ablutio; ab^ 
 from, and lautus^ part, of lavo^ to wash. 
 
 ABOLISH, -v. To annul. L. aboleo; a, from, and bolus^ 
 a mass, or heap ; meaning, that when a thing is abol- 
 ished, it is detached from the general practice. 
 
 ABORIGINES, s. The earliest known inhabitants of 
 a country. L. aborigines ; comp. of a6, from, and 
 origOy the beginning. 
 
 ABORTION, s. Premature birth ; produce of a prema- 
 ture birth; failure of design. L. abortio; horn abortOy 
 to miscarry; ab^ from, and ortus^ part, of or io?-, to come 
 suddenly. 
 
 ABORTIVE, adj. Relating to a failure of design. L. 
 abortiviis. See ABORTION. 
 
 ABROGx\TE. -v. To repeal. L. c 6 ro^^o; comp. of a (^, 
 from, and rogo^ to entreat; meaning, that by entreaty, 
 a law had been annulled. 
 
 ABRUPT, adj. Sudden; unexpected. L. abrnfitus^ 
 p. part, of abrumjio : ab^ from, and rumjio^ to break. 
 
 ABSCESS, s. A morbid cavity. L. abscessus; comp. of 
 g6, from, and cessus, p. part, of cedo^ to retire. 
 
 ABSCIND. V. To cut off. L. abscindo : ab, from, and 
 sciridoy to cut. 
 
 ABSCISSION, s. The act of cutting off. h. abscissio; 
 from abscissus, p. part, oi abscindo. See ABSCIND. 
 
 ABSCOND, t'. To depart secretly. L. abscondo; com^p. 
 of a6, from, and condo, to hide. 
 
 ABSENT, adj. Not present. 'L.ahsens,'p2iYt.ofabsiim; 
 aby from, and sum<^ I am. 
 
 ABSOLUTE, adj. Unconditional. L. absolutus, (p. part. 
 oi absolvo,) perfect, accomplished. See ABSOLVE. 
 
 ABSOLUTION, s. Acquittal; remission of sins. L. 
 absoliitio ; from absoltus^ p. part, of absolvo. See 
 ABSOLVE. 
 
ABS— ACC 
 
 ABSOLVE. V. To free, or acquit. L. absclvo; comp. 
 
 of «6, from, and solvo, to loosen. 
 ABSONANT, adj. Not to the purpose. L. absonaiis; 
 
 part, of absono; ab^ from, and souo^ to sound. 
 ABSORB. V. To draw in. L. absorbeo; ab, from, and 
 
 sorbeo, to suck. 
 ABSTAIN. V. To forbear. L. abst'uieo; ah^ from, and 
 
 teneo^ to hold. 
 ABSTEMIOUS, ar//. Temperate in diet. Sec. L. absie- 
 
 mills. See ABSTAIN. 
 A^TERGENT. adj. Cleansing. L. abstc?\[fe?7s, part. 
 
 of abstei^gco^ to wipe clean. 
 ABSTINENCE, s. Forbearance from diet, kc. L. See 
 
 ABSTAIN. , 
 ABSTRACT, v. To take from. L. ab&tractum^ sup. of 
 
 abstraho; ab^ from, and traho^ to draw. 
 ABSTRUSE. Of/;. Hidden; difficult. L. g(^*^7'7/.97^5, part. 
 
 of abstriido^ to conceal ; a(^, from, and trudo., to thrust. 
 ABSURD, at//. Contrary to reason. \^. absurdus; {vovti 
 
 surd us, deaf, hearing to no purpose. 
 ABUNDANT, adj. Plentiful. L. abundans, part, of 
 
 abundo; comp. of ad, from, and undo, to flow. 
 ABUSE, s. The act of using improperly. L. ab, from.; 
 
 and usus, the custom, or practice. 
 ABYSS, s. A depth without bottom; a prodigious gulf. 
 
 L. abyssus ; G. abussos ; a, without, and busses, a 
 
 bottom. 
 ACADEMY, s. A place where sciences are taught. 
 
 Academus, of Athens, whose house was converted into 
 
 a school. 
 ACCEDE. V. To agree to. L. accedoj from ad, to, and 
 
 cedo, to yield. 
 ACCELERATE, v. To hasten. L. accelero; ad, to, and 
 
 celero, to give speed. 
 ACCENT, s. Manner of speaking or pronouncing ; 
 
 sound given to a particular syllable; mark of that 
 
 sound. F. accent, a tune, or note ; L. ad, to, and 
 
 cantum, sup. of cano, to sing. 
 ACCEPT, -v. To receive willingly. L. accefitum, sup. 
 
 oi accifiio; ab, from, and ca/iio, to take. 
 ACCESS, s. Means of approach. L. acccssus; from ad, 
 
 to, and cessu7n, (sup. of cedo) to give way. 
 
ACC— ACH 
 
 ACCESSARY, s. An accomplice. L. From the same 
 
 roots as access; because aiding in gaining access. 
 ACCIDENT, s. Chance. L. accide?is, part, of acciclo ; 
 
 from ad^ towards, and cado^ to fall. 
 ACCITE. V. To induce. L. accitum^ sup. oiaccio; ad^ 
 
 to, and cieo^ to move. 
 ACCLAMATION, s. Loud applause. L. acclcnnatio; 
 
 from ad^ to, and clamo, to call loudly. 
 ACCLIVITY, s. Steepness, reckoned upwards. Li ac- 
 
 clivitas; from ad^ to, and clivus, a slope. 
 ACCOMMODATE, v. To render a convenience.#L. 
 
 acconi?7wdo; ad, to, and co?n??iodo, to lend. 
 ACCOMPLICE, s. A partner in crime. F. cojiiplice; 
 
 L. complex; con, together, and /2//C0, to fold. 
 ACCOMPLISH. V. to complete; to execute fully. F. 
 
 acco7nplir; L. comfileo; con, with, and iileo, to hli. 
 ACCORD, -v. To agree. F. accorder; L. ad, to, and 
 
 cor, the heart. 
 ACCOST, -v. To speak to. F> accoster; from <7, to, and 
 
 cote, (formerly cos.*<?J the side; meaning, to approach. 
 ACCOUNT, s. A computation; a narrative. F. accomfit; 
 
 L. con, together, and/zz^ro, to adjust. 
 ACCOUTRE. XK To equip. F. accoutrer, to dress. 
 ACCREDIT. V. To authorize by a written commission.. 
 
 L. accredo; from ac?, to, and credo, to trust. 
 ACCRUE, -u. To be added to. F. accru, (part, of ac- 
 
 croitre;) L. ad, to, and curro, to run. 
 ACCUMULATE, x'. To heap together. L. accumuld; 
 
 from «f/, to, and cumulus, a pile. 
 ACCURATE, at//. Correct. L. accuratus; from ori, 
 
 with, and eura, cai'e. 
 ACCUSATIVE. ««[;. Relating to that case in gram- 
 mar, upon which the action of the verb or preposition 
 
 terminates. L. accusativus. See ACCUSE. 
 ACCUSE, u. To charge with a crime. L. accuso; 
 
 from causor, to plead, or blame. 
 ACE. s. One. L. acus, a small point; or G. heis,oviQ. 
 ACERBITY. 8. Sourness, L. acerbitas; from acer, 
 
 sharp, or painful ; acer is from acus, a sharp point. 
 ACETOUS, adj. Sour. L. acerz/?n, vinegar. See ACID. 
 ACHE, s. Pain. G. achos, pain. This word may be 
 
 derived also from the Saxon. 
 ACHIEVE. V, To perform. F. achever, to complete. 
 
ACI—ADD 
 
 ACID. *'. A sour substance. L. acidua; Iroui acu^-y a 
 
 small point. 
 ACIDULATE, v. To make sour. L. From the same 
 
 root as acidj with the addition of latusy broug-ht ; that 
 
 is, brought to a state of acidity. 
 ACME. s. The height, especially of a disease. G. akme^ 
 
 the point or edge. 
 ACOUSTICS, s. The doctrine of sounds. G. akou- 
 
 stika; from akouo^ to hear. 
 ACQUAINT. V. To make familiar with. Y. accointer, 
 
 to inform. 
 ACQUIESCE. V. To be satisfied with, either really or 
 
 apparently. L. acquiesco ; from a^, concerning, and 
 
 quiescoy to become quiet. 
 ACQUIRE, -v. To obtain. L. acquiro ; comp. of c^, 
 
 from, and quccro^ to seek. 
 ACQUIT. V. To declare innocent. F. acqidtter; L. arf, 
 
 to, and quietusy rest. 
 ACRID, adj. Of a hot, biting taste; bitter. L. acer^ 
 
 sharp. See ACID. 
 ACRIMONIOUS, adj. Bitter; severe. L. acri?nonia, 
 
 sharpness; from ace?-, sharp, and moyieoy to chide. 
 ACROMATICAL. adj. Belonging to profound learn- 
 ing. G. akrosj highest, and ?nateuo, to seek. 
 ACROSTIC, s. A poem, of which the first letter of 
 
 every line being taken, a particular name is found. G. 
 
 akros, outermost, and sCichosy a verse. 
 ACT. V. To perform. L. acium, sup. of a^-o, to do. 
 ACTUAL, adj. Real. F. actuel. See ACT. 
 ACUMEN, s. Acuteness of mental perception. L. 
 
 acumen; from aciis, a needle, or sharp point. 
 ACUTE, adj. Ending in a point; of a penetrating mind. 
 
 L. acutiis; from acus. See ACUMEN. 
 ADAGE, s. A short maxim. L. ada^ium; ar/f/o, to add 
 
 or adjoin. 
 ADAPT. V. To fit. L. adafito; from or/, to, and apto^ to fit. 
 AUD. V. To join; to perform addition. L. addo; from 
 
 ady to, and ofo, to give. 
 ADDEJVDA. Things to be added. L. addendus^ p. part. 
 
 of addoy to add. 
 ADDICT. V. To devote. L. addictum, sup. of addico, 
 
 from ady to, and dico, to dedicate. 
 [2»] 
 
ADD— ADJ 
 
 ADDUCE, -v. To offer in argument, L. adduce; from 
 
 ad^ to, and ducoy to bring. 
 ADDUCENT, adj. A term applied to those m^iscles 
 
 which draw together the parts of the body. L. addu- 
 
 cens, part, of adduco: ad, to, and duco, to draw. 
 ADEMPTION, s. Taking away; privation. L. ademp.- 
 
 tio; Gj from, and demfitu8, p. part, of demo, to take 
 
 away. 
 ADEPT, s. One completely skilled in a particular art, 
 
 L. adejitus, part, of adifiiscor, to obtain. 
 ADEQUATE, adj. Equal to; proportionate, L. adequa- 
 
 tua; from ad, for, and quitum, sup. of gueo, to be able. 
 ADHERE. V. To stick. L. adh^reo; from ad, to, and 
 
 hareo, to stick. 
 ADHESION, s. Sticking fast. Adhesion is used in 
 
 the natural, and Adherence in the figurative, sense. 
 
 L. adhasio ; from adhcesus, part, oi ad/icereo. See 
 
 ADHERE. 
 ADIEU, int. Farewell. F. d Dieu, to God; that is, " I 
 
 commend you to God." 
 AD I.YFIjYITVM. Without end. L. ad, to, infinitum^ 
 
 accus. of infinitus, endless. 
 ADJACENT, adj. Neighbouring. L. adjacens; from 
 
 ad, to, and jacens, (part, oi jaceo) lying. 
 ADJECT. V. To place to. L. adjectum, sup. of adjicio; 
 
 from ad, to, and jacio, to throw. 
 ADJECTIVE, s. A word added to a noun. L. adjec- 
 
 tivum ; from ad^ to, and jactus, (p. part, oi jacio) 
 
 thrown. 
 ADJOIN, -v. To unite to. F. adjoindre; L. ad, to, and 
 
 jungo, to join. 
 ADJOURN. V. To put off. F. adjourner; from d, to, 
 
 and ^owr, [another] day. 
 ADJUDICATION, s. The act of judging, or of grant- 
 ing something by a judicial sentence. L. adjudicatio; 
 
 adjudico, to give sentence: judex, a judge. 
 ADJUNCT, adj. United to. L. adjunctus, p. part, of 
 
 adjungo. See ADJOIN. 
 ADJURE. V. To impose an oath, Sec. L. adjure; from 
 
 ad, concerning, and jura, to swear. 
 ADJUST. V, To regulate. F. adjuster; L. Justus^ 
 
 right. 
 
ADJ—ADV 
 
 ADJUTANT. .9. An assistant officer. F. adjutant; 1., 
 
 ad^ ^ndJ2itu7n^ sup. oijuvo, to help. 
 .4D LIBITUM. At pleasure. L. ad^ to, libitum^ the 
 
 will. 
 ADMINISTER, v. To give ; to perform. L. adminia- 
 
 tro; from arf, to, and ministro^ to attend. 
 ADMIRE, -v. To regard with wonder, or pleasure. L, 
 
 admiror; from ad^ at, and miror^ to wonder. 
 ADMISSIBLE, adj. That which may be admitted. L. 
 
 admissum^ sup. oi adinitto. See ADMIT. 
 ADMIT, x*. To let in, or grant. L. admitto; from ac/, 
 
 into, and viitto.^ to send. 
 ADMIX, x^. To mingle. L. admixtiim, sup. o^ admis' 
 
 ceo; comp. oi ad, to, and misceo, to mix. 
 ADMONISH. V. To reprove gently. L. admojieo; from 
 
 af/, to, and moneo, to advise. 
 ADOLESCENCE. 5. The age succeeding childhood. 
 
 L. adolescentia; from adolesco, to grow. 
 ADOPT. V. To receive as our own. L. adofito; from 
 
 ad, for, and o/z^o, to select. 
 ADORE, -v. To worship. L. adoro; from ac?, to, and orO) 
 
 to speak or entreat. 
 AD QUOD DAMNUM. The title of a writ of inquiry, 
 
 to ascertain what injury may possibly be done, by the 
 
 erection of a new market, &c. to another market al- 
 ready established. L. ad, concerning, quod, what^ 
 
 damnum, loss. 
 ADROIT, adj. Dextrous. F. adroit; a, from, and droits 
 
 the right hand. 
 ADULATION. *. Extreme flattery. L. adulatio, the 
 
 fawning of a dog; G. skulakion, gen. oi kuo7i, a dog. 
 ADULT, s. A person full grown. L. adultus, (p. part. 
 
 of adoleo ) grown up. 
 AD VALOREM. According to the value. L. ad, ac- 
 cording to, -valorem, accus. oi valor, value. 
 ADVANCE. V. To go, or come, forward. F. avancer; 
 
 avant, before. 
 ADVANTAGE, s. Gain; superiority. F. avantage. 
 
 See ADVANCE. 
 ADVENT, s. A holy season. L. adventus, the coming 
 
 [of the Redeemer.] 
 
AOV— AFF 
 
 ADVENTITIOUS, adj. Accidental; extrinsic. L. ar/- 
 
 ventitius; from ad, to, and ventinn^ sup. of xc«2o, to 
 
 come. 
 ADVENTURE, s. An enterprise. F. aventure; L. ad- 
 
 nenturus^ about to happen ; from advenio: ad, to, and 
 
 -venio, to come. 
 ADVERB, s. A word joined to another word. L. ad- 
 
 nerbium; from ad^ to, and verbum^ a word. 
 ADVERSE, adj. Opposing. L. adversus; from ad, 
 
 against, and versus^ p. part, oi verto, to turn. 
 ADV^ERT. V. To attend to ; to speak of. L. adverto, 
 
 from ad^ to, and vertOy to turn. 
 ADVERTISE, x'. To inform ; to make public. L. ady 
 
 to, and verto, to turn [attention.] 
 ADVISE. V. To counsel. F. aviser, (formerly adviser; J 
 
 from ady upon, and visum, (sup. o^ video J to see, or 
 
 consider. 
 ADVOCATE, s, A pleader. L. advocatus; from ad, for, 
 
 and -jyoco, to call out, or speak. 
 AD VOLUTION, s. The act of rolling towards. L. ad- 
 
 ■volutio; from ad, to, and vohitus, p. part, o^volvo, to 
 
 roll. 
 AERIFORM. G^/. Gaseous ; having the form of air. L. 
 
 aer, air, and ybrznc, shape. 
 AEROLOGY, s. The doctrine of the atmosphere. G. 
 
 aer, air, and logos, a description. 
 AEROMETRY. s. The art of measuring the air. G. 
 
 aer, air, and metreo, to measure. 
 AERONAUT, s. One who ascends in a balloon. L. 
 
 aer, the air, and nauta, a sailor. G. aer, and nautes. 
 AFFABLE, adj. Agreeable in discourse. F. affable; L. 
 
 ad, to, ?ind. fabulor, to be spoken; that is, an affable 
 
 person is one who may be spoken to. 
 AFFAIR. 6'. Business. Y. affaire; iroin /aire, to do. 
 AFFECT. Vr To influence ; to pretend. L. affectum, 
 
 sup. o^ affcio; comp. oi ad, to, andyV/cio, to do. 
 AFFECTION. 5. Love ; personal attachment. L. affec- 
 
 tio. See AFFECT. 
 AFFIANCE. V. To betroth. F. affance, a marriage 
 
 contract : from affier, to engraft. 
 AFFIDAVIT, s. A declaration upon oath. L. This 
 
 word is contracted from an expression of the common- 
 
AFF— AGI 
 
 law, — ad Jidem dedit ; that is, he has given assurance 
 concerning [this matter.] 
 
 AFFINITY, s. Relation ; chemical propensity. \^. ofi- 
 7iita.<i; from or/, to, and fnis^ a boundary, or border. 
 
 AFFIRM. V. To declare. L. affirmo; from ad^ concern- 
 ing, and fir mo ^ to establish. 
 
 AFFIX. V. To join to the end. L, affixuniy sup. oi affi- 
 go; from ad, to, and fg-o, to fasten. 
 
 AFFLICT. V. To cause pain. L. affiictum, sup. of 
 afflii^o; from ad, against, and Jilgo, to dash. 
 
 AFFLUENT, adj. Rich. lu. affluens^ ^^rt. oi affluo; 
 from ad, to, and Jiuo, to fiow. 
 
 AFFLUX. 5. The act of flowing to ; the thing which 
 flows. L. affliLxus; from affcuo: ad, to, and.y?wo, to flow. 
 
 AFFRAY, s. A tumuhuous battle. F. affrayer, (for- 
 merly effriger) to terrify; L. fragor, a noise. 
 
 AFFRONT, -u. To insult. F. affronter; L. ad, to, and 
 frons, the face; meaning, to insult a man before his 
 face. 
 
 AFFUSION. *. The act of pouring one thing upon an- 
 other. L. affusio ; affiisus, p. part, oi affundo : ady 
 upon, and /undo, to pour. 
 
 J FORTIORI. With stronger reason. L. a, with,/or- 
 tiori, abl. oifortior, stronger. 
 
 AGENT, s. That which acts. L. agens, part, of ago, 
 to act. 
 
 AGGLOMERATE, -y. To come together, as a ball. L. 
 agglomero; from glomus, a ball of yani. 
 
 AGGLUTINATE, v. To join: (used chiefly in medical 
 language:) L. ad, to, ^nd gluten, glue. 
 
 AGGRANDIZE, v. To make great; to increase in pow- 
 er. F. aggrandiser; from grand, great. L. grandis. 
 
 AGGRAVATE, v. To make worse. L. aggravoj from 
 ad, and gravo, to burthen. 
 
 AGGREGATE, s. The entire. L. aggrego, to accu- 
 mulate ; from grex, a flock. 
 
 AGGRESSION, s. The first injury. L. aggressio ; 
 from ad, towards, and gradus, a step. 
 
 AGILITY, s. Activity. F. agilite; L. agilitas; from 
 
 ago, to act. 
 AGITATE. V. To shake. L. agitoi ago, to act. 
 
AGO—ALL 
 
 AGONY, s. Extreme pain. G. o^-o/z, strife; alluding to 
 the contest between life and death. 
 
 AGRARL^N. adj. Relating to land. L. agrarius; from 
 ager^ a field. 
 
 AGREE. V. To be in concord; to be of the same opin- 
 ion. F. agreer; L. ad^ to, and gratia^ good-will. 
 
 AGRICULTURE, s. Improvement of land. h. agricul- 
 tiiras ager^ a field, and cutter^ a plough. 
 
 AID-DE-CAMP. s. An officer who conveys the orders 
 of a military commander. F. aide^ an assistant, de^ of, 
 camfi^ the field. 
 
 ALACRITY, s. Cheerful speed. L. alacritas; from 
 c/a, a wing. 
 
 A-LA'MODE. F. a la mode^ according to the fashion. 
 
 ALARM, s. Notice of danger. F. a /' armes! to arms! 
 
 ALBUMEN, s. That which forms the serum of the 
 blood, the white of eggs, 8cc. L. albu?n, the white 
 of an egg. 
 
 ALCHEMY, s. Formerly signified the most abstruse 
 part of chemistry, as the attempt to transmute com- 
 mon metals into gold ; but it is no longer ranked 
 amongst the sciences. Arabic, «/, the, and G. chuoy 
 to melt. 
 
 ALCHYMY. s. See ALCHEMY. 
 
 ALERT, adj. Brisk; watchful. F. alerte; L. ala, a wing*. 
 
 ALIAS. Otherwise; or: thus; "Donnel, alias O'Donncli.'* 
 L. alias, in another manner. 
 
 ALIBI. Means that the culprit was absent when the 
 crime was committed. L. alibi, elsewhere. 
 
 ALIEN, s. A foreigner. L. alienus; from alius, another. 
 
 ALIENATE, v. To transfer to another ; to withdraw 
 the affections. L. alieno. See ALIEN. 
 
 ALIMENT, s. Food. L. alimentum; from alo, to nourish. 
 
 ALIMONY, s. Legal allowance by a husband to his wife, 
 after separation. L. alimonia; from alo, to nourish. 
 
 ALIQUOT, adj. Even ; without a remainder, — as 2 is 
 an aliquot part of 10. L. aliquot; from alicjuoties, cer- 
 tain times. 
 
 ALLEGATION, s. Affirmation; thing alleged. L. alle- 
 gatio. See ALLEGE. 
 
 ALLEGE. V. To affirm. L. allegoj from ad, to, and 
 IfgOj to impute. 
 
ALL— AMA 
 
 ALLEGIANCE, s. The duty of a subject. F. allege" 
 ance; L. ad^ and legem^ [bound] to the law. 
 
 ALLEGORY, s. A figurative relation. G. allegoria; 
 from allos^ another, and angareuo^ to make a speech. 
 
 ALLEVL\TE. v. To lighten. L. allevo; ab^ from, and 
 levo^ to lift. 
 
 ALLIANCE, s. A league. F. alliance. See ALLY. 
 
 ALLIGATION, s. The arithmetical rule which teaches 
 to adjust the price of compounds, formed of several 
 ingredients of different value. L. allegatio; from alligo: 
 ad, together, and ligo, to bind. 
 
 ALLITERATION, s. Beginning several successive 
 words with the same letter. L. ad and litera, [adhe- 
 ring] to a letter. 
 
 ALLUDE. V. To speak of indirectly. L. alludo; from 
 arf, towards, and ludo^ to play, — perhaps originally 
 used respecting the episodes of a lively composition. 
 
 ALLURE. V. To entice. F. c, to, and leurre^ a decoy? 
 or bait. 
 
 ALLUSION, s. A hint. L. See ALLUDE. 
 
 ALLUVIAL, adj. Relating to alluvion. 
 
 ALLUV^ION. s. That which is carried by a flood; as 
 land formed near a river. F. alluvion: L. alluvio, an 
 inundation of water; alluo, to flow near to : adj to, and 
 luo, to wash away. 
 
 ALLY. 5. A confederate. F. allie; c, to, and Her, (L. 
 ligoj to tie. 
 
 ALPHA TO OMEGA. From the beginning to the 
 end : alfilia is the first, and omega the last letter, of 
 the Greek alphabet. 
 
 ALPHABET, s. The letters of a language. G. al^iha 
 and beta, the first two letters of the Greek alphabet. 
 
 ALTAR, s. A place raised for worship. L. altare; from 
 altus, high. 
 
 ALTER. V. To change. L. alter, another. 
 
 ALTERCATION. 5. Dispute. Y .altercation: \^. alter- 
 catio; from alterco, to contend. 
 
 ALTERNATIVE, s. Choice of two things. F. alter- 
 natif; L. alterno, every second thing. 
 
 ALTITUDE, s. Height. L. altitudo; from altus, high. 
 
 AMALGAM, s. A composition of metals. G. a?na, to- 
 gether, and ga?neo, to marry. 
 
AMA—AMI 
 
 AMALGAMATE, v. To form into amalgam ; to unite 
 
 intimately. See AMALGAM. 
 AMANUENSIS, s. A writer employed by an author, 
 
 Sec. L. amanuensis ; ivom ad^ in place of, and manus^ 
 
 a hand. 
 AMASS, -v. To accumulate. F. amassev; L. ad^ to, and 
 
 massa^ a heap. 
 AMATEUR, s. A lover of any particular pursuit or 
 
 system. F. amateur; L. amatory a lover; from amo, 
 
 to love. 
 AMATORY, adj. Relating to love. L. c7;ia^or, alover; 
 
 from amoy to love. 
 AMAZON, s. One of the warlike nation of women who 
 
 inhabited Caucasus; said to have cut off their breasts, 
 
 that they might the more easily use their weapons. 
 
 G. a, not, and mazos^ a breast. 
 AMBASSADOR, s. A state messenger. F. aiyibassa- 
 
 deur ; L. ambio^ to go about, or make interest for. 
 AMBIDEXTROUS, adj. Expert Avith both hands. 
 
 L. ainbidexter ; from ambo^ both, and dexter y right- 
 handed. 
 AMBIGUOUS, adj. Having a double meaning; doubt- 
 ful. L. ambiguus; from ambo^ both. 
 AMBITION. 8. Desire of eminence, lu. ambit io; ivoxn. 
 
 ambioy to go about, or solicit. 
 AMBROSIA, s. The imaginary food of the gods. G. 
 
 ambrosia; from arnbrotos, immortal. 
 AMBUSCADE, s. A hostile concealment. F. eiyibus- 
 
 cade; eriy in, and bois^ a wood. 
 AMENABLE, adj. Responsible; tractable. F. fl!7we572a- 
 
 ble ; L. einendoy to reform. See AMEND. 
 AMEND. V. To reform. L. e7ne72f/o; comp. of e, from, 
 
 and menda^ a blemish. 
 AMENITY, s. Agreeableness. L. a7}icenitas; from a?7ice' 
 
 nusj pleasant to the eye: mcenia^ cities. 
 A MEA'SA ET THORO. From bed and board. L. a, 
 
 from, mensa^ a table, et^ and, thoro^ abl. of thorus^ a 
 
 bed. 
 AMERCE. V. To fine. F. amercier ; L. merces, a 
 
 penalty. 
 AMIABLE, adj. Lovely; virtuous. F. aiiiiable : L. 
 
 amOy to love. 
 
AMI— ANA 
 
 AMICABLE, adj. Friendly. L. aijiicabilis ; {rom ajno, 
 
 to love. 
 AMITY. 5. Friendship ; peace. F. amltie ; L. amicitia: 
 
 afno, to love. 
 AMNESTY, s. An act of oblivion. G. aimiestia ; from 
 
 a, not, and mnaomai.) to remember. 
 AMOROUS, adj. Loving; lustful. L. amor^ love. 
 AMOR-PATRIM. The love of one's country. L. amor^ 
 
 love., patriis.) gen. oi fiatria., a country. 
 AMPHIBIOUS, adj. Capable of living in different ele- 
 ments. G. amfihi., opposite, and bios., life; that is, en- 
 joying life on land or in water. But the etymology of 
 this word does not coniine its relation to land and water; 
 though it is erroneously supposed to be thus limited. 
 Were it compounded, in part, of amfiho., both, it should 
 be written amfihobious ; but, as it is amfihi^ (contra.,) 
 opposite, the word is rightly spelled — amjihibious. 
 AMPHITHEATRE, s. A circular or oval building; of 
 which, the area, or pit, is reserved for exhibitions, and 
 surrounded by seats, one above another. G. am/iliithea- 
 tron ; from amjihi., around, and theaomai., to see. 
 AMPLE, adj. Sufficient. F. amfile ; L. amfilus., large. 
 AMPLIFY. V. To enlarge. F. amfilijier ; L. amplua^ 
 
 large, and^o, to be made. 
 AMPUTATE, -v. To cut off. L. amfiuto. comp. of ab^ 
 
 from, and^z/^o, to lop. 
 AMUSE. V. To entertain. F. amuser ; L. musa^ a song 
 
 or fK)em. 
 ANABAPTIST, s. One who opposes the baptism of in- 
 fants. G. ana, again, and bafito., to wash ; because 
 the original followers of that doctrine, had been chris- 
 tened w^hen children, and were again baptized, when 
 adults, by immersion. 
 ANACHRONISM, s. Error in computing time. F. ana- 
 
 chronisme ; G. a72a, against, and chronos., time. 
 ANACREONTIQUE.' s. A poem in the manner of 
 
 Anacreon., of Ionia; who wrote in Greek. 
 ANAGRAM, s. A conceit, arising from the transposi- 
 tion of letters. G. a/za, opposite to, and gramma., a 
 letter. 
 ANALECTIC. adj. Selecting. G. ana^ again, and lek~ 
 tos^ collected. 
 
ANA—ANG 
 
 ANALOGY, s. Resemblance. F. analogic j G. analogia i 
 from ana^ with, and logos, a word. 
 
 ANALYSIS, s. Separation. G. analusis ; from ana, se- 
 parately, and liio, to dissolve. 
 
 ANALYTIC, or ANALYTICAL. By analysis; exam- 
 ining minutely: See ANALYSIS. 
 
 ANARCHY, s. National confusion. G. anarchia ; from 
 a, without, and arche, government. 
 
 ANATOMY, s. The art of dissection. G. anatomia; 
 from ana, separately, and temno, to cut. 
 
 ANCESTOR, s. A family predecessor. L. antecessor ; 
 from ante, before, and cessum, sup. of cedo, to go. 
 Ancestor has, rationally, the same meaning as prede- 
 cessor; but is used only in relation to a person of the 
 same blood. 
 
 ANCHOR, s. An instrument for holding a ship in a cer- 
 tain place. L. anchora ; G. ankure, safety. 
 
 ANCHORITE, s. A religious recluse. G. anachoreo, to 
 withdraw. 
 
 ANCIENT, adj. Of great age. F. ancien ; L. ante, be- 
 fore. 
 
 ANCILLARY, adj. Subservient. L. ancilla, a maid-ser- 
 vant. 
 
 ANECDOTE, s. Secret history; biographical incident. 
 G. anekdoto7i; from a, not, and ekdidoni, to publish. 
 
 ANEMOGRAPHY, s. Descriptioivof the cause of the 
 winds. G. anemos, the wind, and grafiho, to write. 
 
 ANEMOMETER, s. An instrument for measuring the 
 power or velocity of the wind. G. anemos, the wind, 
 and metreo, to measure. 
 
 ANEMOSCOPE, s. An instrument to show the di- 
 rection of the wind. G. anemos, the wind, and skofieo, 
 to view. 
 
 ANEURISM, s. An irregular dilation of an artery. G. 
 aneuro, to dilate. 
 
 ANGEL, s. A celestial inhabitant, or messenger. G. an- 
 gello, to deliver a message. 
 
 ANGLE, s. A term in mathematics. L. angulus, a cor- 
 ner. 
 
 AJVGLICFJ. In English. L. Anglice: Anglicus, English. 
 
 ANGUISH, s. Excessive pain. F. angoisse ; L. ango, 
 to strangle. 
 
ANI— ANO 
 
 ANIMADVERT, x'. To censure. L. animadverto; from 
 animiim^ the mind: ad^ to^ verto, to turn. 
 
 ANIMAL. 6-. A living creature. L. ani}nal^ a living crea- 
 ture; G. a;z/7?za, breath. 
 
 ANIMATE. V. To enliven. L. a/n'mo.— See ANIMAL. 
 
 ANIMOSITY, s. Vehement hatred, l^.animositas; from 
 animus^ resolution, passion. 
 
 ANNALS, s. History, in which the events arc recorded 
 in yearly succession. L. annales; from annus^ a year. 
 
 ANNEX. V. To unite. L. annexu?n, sup. of annecto; 
 ad^ to, and necto^ to join. 
 
 ANNIHILATE, v. To destroy. L. ar/, to, and nihil^ no- 
 thing. 
 
 ANNIVERSARY, s. Yearly return. L. anniver sarins; 
 from a?2«2, of a year, and versus.^ a turning: annus and 
 
 .^A'.VO DOMIJVI, or A. D. The sign of the Christian 
 era. L. anno^ in the year, Domini^ of our Lord. 
 
 AK^'O MUXDI^ or A. M. A term in chronology, re- 
 ferring to the creation. L. anno^ in the year, mu7idi^oi 
 the vvorld. 
 
 ANNOTATOR. s. A commentator. L. annotator; from 
 ad^ concerning, and noto^ to mark. 
 
 ANNOUNCE. V. To proclaim. L. annuncio; from ad^ 
 to, and nuncio^ to relate. 
 
 .i/AVVO URBIS COjYDIT.^, or A. U. C. A term in 
 Roman chronology. L. a7i7io, in the year, urdis, of the 
 ■- city, (Rome,) condita, being built. 
 
 ANNOY. V. To molest. F. annoijer; L. ad^ to, and ?zo- 
 ceo^ to hurt. 
 
 ANNUAL, adj. Yearly. F. annuel: L. annus^ a year. 
 
 ANNUITY, s. Yearly allowance. F. annuite; L. annus^ 
 a year, and itum^ sup. of eo, to go, or proceed. 
 
 ANNUL. IK To abolish. L. ad^ to, and nullus^ of no ac- 
 count. 
 
 ANNULAR, adj. In the form of a ring. L. annulusj a 
 ring. 
 
 ANODYNE. 5. A mitigator of pain. G. ana^ against, 
 and odnne, pain. 
 
 ANOINT. V. To rub with ointment. F. enoint, part, of 
 enoindre; L. m, upon, and unctio, ointment. 
 
ANO— ANT 
 
 ANOMALOUS, adj. Irregular. G. a, not, and noma; 
 
 a law. 
 ANONYMOUS, adj. Without a name. L. a7i07iymus: 
 
 G. c, without, and ojiuina^ a name. 
 ANTAGONIST, s. An opponent. F. antagoniste: G. 
 
 anti., against, and agonizo., to contend. 
 ANTARCTIC, adj. A term in astronomy. G. anr/, op- 
 posite, and arctic. 
 ANTECEDENT, s. That which goes before. L. ante^ 
 
 cedens; from ante, before, and ctdens, part, of csdo^ 
 
 to go. 
 ANTEDATE, v. To date earlier tlian the proper time. 
 
 L. ante^^ before, and dale. 
 ANTEDILUVIAN, adj. Existing before the flood. L. 
 
 ante, before, and dilu~vhim, a deluge. 
 ANTEMERIDIAN, or A. M. L. ante, before, inert- 
 
 dies, noon. 
 ANTEPENULT, s. The last syllable except two. L. 
 
 antejienulthna ; ante, before, /z <?«<?, almost, ultimus, the 
 
 last. 
 ANTERIOR, adj. Previous. L. anterior, the compar. 
 
 form of a72te, before. 
 ANTHEM, s. A hymn, sung in alternate parts; any 
 
 holy song. G. anthuvinos; from anti, opposite to, and 
 
 kumneo, to sing in verse, or to praise. 
 ANTHROPOPHAGI, s. Eaters of human flesh. G. ayu 
 
 throfios, a man, and phago, to eat. 
 ANTICHRISTIAN. cf/y. Opposed to Christianity. G. 
 
 anti, against, and Christian. 
 ANTICIPATE. V. To act or think before an event. L. 
 
 anticijio; from ante, before, and cafiio, to take. 
 ANTIC, adj. Strange; ridiculous. L. antiqiius, ancient. 
 ANTICLIMAX. s\ A sentence, of which the last part 
 
 expresses something lower than the first. G. aiiti, op- 
 posite to, and climax. 
 ANTIDOTE. 8. A remedy for poison. G. antidotos; 
 
 from anti, against, and dotos, given. 
 ANTIFEBRILE, adj. Efiicacious against fever. G. anti^ 
 
 against, and 'L.febris, a fever. 
 ANTIFEDERALIST. s. A person who was opposed to 
 
 the tenor of^the federal constitution of the United 
 
 States of America. G. ami, against, and federalist. 
 
ANT— APH 
 
 ANTIPATHY, s. Fixed dislike. G. and, iigainst, and 
 
 pathos.^ feelini;-. 
 ANTIPHONY. 5. An echo. G. anti^ against, andy///o- 
 
 72 e, a voice. 
 ANTIPHRASIS. s. An expression in which the words 
 
 are used in a sense opposite to their just meaning. G. 
 
 anti^ opposite to, send /i/i7'asis, a form of Speech. 
 ANTIPODES. 5. People who live on opposite meridi- 
 ans, and in opposite latitudes. G. a?iti, opposite to, 
 
 and /lodes, feet. 
 ANTIQUARY, s. A searcher of ancient things. L. an- 
 
 tiquarius; froin ante^ before, and quaro^ to seek. 
 ANTISCORBUTIC, adj. Efficacious against scurvy. 
 
 G. a7iti^ against, and scorbutic. 
 ANTISEPTIC, adj. Preventive of putrefaction. F. an- 
 
 tisejitique: G. anti., against, and sepo^ to putrefy. 
 ANTISPASMODIC, adj. Efficacious against cramp. 
 
 G. ant'i^ against, and sjiasinos^ the cramp. 
 ANTITHESIS, s. Contrast in words. G. antithesis; 
 
 from anti^ against, and theo, to put. 
 ANTCECI. s. People who live in opposite latitudes, on 
 
 the same meridian. G. anti^ opposite to, and oikeo, to 
 
 dwell. 
 ANXIETY, s. Trouble of mind about a future event. 
 
 L. anxietas; from «;^^>*or, anguish: ango^ to strangle. 
 APARTMENT, s. A chamber. F. ajiartement: L. a, of, 
 
 and pars, a part. 
 APATHY, s. Want of feeling, or of passion. G. «, with- 
 out, and pathos, feeling. 
 APEPSIA, or APEPSY. s. Want of natural concoction ; 
 
 vulgarly, a heart -burn. G. apepsia; from «, not, and 
 
 epso, to boil. 
 APERIENT, adj. A gentle purgative. L. apcriens, 
 
 part, of aperio, to open. 
 APERTURE, s. An opening. L. aperture; from aperio, 
 
 to open. 
 APEX. s. The point. L. apex, the top. 
 APHELION, s. That part in the orbit of any planet, 
 
 which is the most remote from the sun. G. apo, from, 
 
 and helios, the sun. 
 APHCERISIS. s. A figure of speech, bv vrliich a letter 
 [3*] 
 
APH— APP 
 
 or syllable is taken from the beginning of a word. G. 
 upkairesis; comp. oi apo, fronn, and aireo, to take. 
 
 APHORISM, s. A maxim. G. afihorisjuos; comp. of 
 fi/20, from, and orizo^ to define. 
 
 APIARY, s. A place for bees. L. afiis^ a bee. 
 
 APOCALYPSE, s. Revelation; the last book of the 
 New Testament. G. afiokahipto^ to uncover. 
 
 APOCRYPHA, s. Of uncertain authority. Q.apokrvp- 
 ta; from c/20, far off, and krufito^ to hide. 
 
 APOLOGUE, s. A kind of fable. G. afiologos; from 
 apo^ far off, and logos, a discourse; alluding to the na- 
 ture of fable; which inculcates one thing by the rela- 
 tion of another. 
 
 APOLOGY, s. Excuse. G. apologia; from apo, after, 
 and logos, a speech ; that is, an explanation subse- 
 Cjuent to the offence. 
 
 APOPLEXY, s. A general deprivation of animal sensa- 
 tion. G. apoplexis; from c/20, through, 2Ci\^ plesso, to 
 strike. 
 
 APOSTATE. 5. One who has deserted his former pro- 
 fession, either in politics or religion. G. apostates; 
 apo, from, and estaotos, part, of istimi, to stand. 
 
 APOSTLE, s. A person deputed. G. apostolos; from 
 a/20, from, and stello, to send. 
 
 APOSTROPHE', s. A diversion of speech, to another 
 person or thing. G. apostrophe: comp. of apo, from, 
 and strepho, to turn. 
 
 APOTHECARY, s. A compounder of medicines. L. 
 apotheca, a wine-cellar, or store-house. 
 
 APOTHEGM, s. A maxim delivered extempore. G. apo- 
 phthegma: apo, without [consideration], and phthen- 
 gomai, to speak. 
 
 APOTHEOSIS. 5. Heathenish deification. G. apotheo- 
 sis: from apo, (a word of multifarious signification,) 
 and theos, a god. 
 
 APPAL, -v. To affright. F. appalir; L. ad, at, palleo, 
 to look pale. 
 
 APPANAGE, s. An appurtenance of land. F. apanage; 
 from appendre, to hang : L. ad, to, and pendo, to hang. 
 
 APPARATUS, s. Utensils. L. apparatus; from ad, 
 for, and paro, to prepare. 
 
APP— APP 
 
 APPAREL, s. Dress. F. a/i/iareil, furniture ;— See AP- 
 PARATUS. 
 
 APPARENT, adj. Easily seen. L. a/i/iarens, part, of 
 a/ipareo; from ad, to, and /mre'o, to appear. 
 
 APPARITION, s. An ideal spectre. L. apficweo, to 
 appear. 
 
 APPEAL. V. To refer. L. a/i/iello, to apply to : ad and 
 Jielio. 
 
 APPEAR. V. To come in view. L. ajifiareo, to appear: 
 ad and fiareo. 
 
 APPEASE. V. To quiet. F. apfiaiser; a, to, and fiaix^ 
 peace: L. ad and //«a:. 
 
 APPELLATE, adj. Appellate jurisdiction is the power 
 of hearing appeals. — See APPEAL. 
 
 APPELLATION, s. A name. L. afipellatio; from ad^ 
 to, and jiello, to strike or effect: so as to draw atten- 
 tion. 
 
 APPEND. V. To hang or attach. L. afifiendo: ad, to, 
 and fiendo, to hang. 
 
 APPENDIX, s. A supplement. L. afiiiendix, — See AP- 
 PEND. 
 
 APPERTAIN. V, To belong (with to.) F. appertenir: 
 L. ad, to, and perteneo, to belong: perteneo is from 
 per, by, and teneo, to hold. 
 
 APPETITE. 5, Desire. L. appetitio; from ad, for, and 
 peto, to ask. 
 
 APPLAUD. V. To praise. L. applaudo: ad, to, and 
 laudo, ov plaudo, to give praise. 
 
 APPLICABLE, adj. Suitable; attributable; F. applica- 
 ble.^^QC APPLY. 
 
 APPLY. V. To join ; to have recourse (with to.') L. ap- 
 plico; from ad, to, and plico, to fold. 
 
 APPOINT, -v. To fix, or mark out. F. appointer; L. ad^ 
 to, and pun c tic 7)1, sup. oi pungo, to point. 
 
 APPORTION, -y. To assign in parts. L. ad, to, and por- 
 tion. 
 
 APPOSITE, adj. Proper; appropriate. L. appositiis; 
 from af/, to, axid positus, p. part, oi pono, to place. 
 
 APPOSITION, s. Addition of new matter; agreement 
 of nouns. L. appositio. — See APPOSITE. 
 
 APPRAISE. V. To fix a price on. F. apprecier; L. ad^ 
 to, iind premium, a price. 
 
APP— AQU 
 
 APPRECIATE. V. To be conscious of value. F. ajifire- 
 
 c^vr.— .See APPRAISE. 
 APPREHEND, -v. To seize; to understand. L. afiiire- 
 
 hendo; from ad^ to or at, and jirehendo^ to catch. 
 APPRENTICE, 8. One who is bound by covenant to 
 
 remain with another for a certain period, in order that 
 
 he may acquire knowledge of an art or trade. F. afi- 
 
 prenti: apjirendre^ to learn. 
 APPRIZE. V. To inform. F. apjiris^ part, oi afiprendre^ 
 
 to inform, 
 APPROACH, -v. To come near. F. approcher; from 
 
 G, tOy and proche^ near. 
 APPROBATION, s. Approval. L. approbatio; from 
 
 approbo^ to approve. 
 APPROPRIATE, -v. To assign to some particular use. 
 
 L. ad^ to, and proprius^ special or particular. 
 APPROVE, -v. To like. F. approuver. L. approbo^ to 
 
 approve. 
 APPROXIMATE, v. To approach. L. ad, to, and/^rox^ 
 
 m2is, next. 
 APPURTENANCE, s. A thing appertaining.— See AP- 
 PERTAIN. 
 APRIL, s. The fourth month. L. Aprilis; from aperio, 
 
 to open; because, in April, the blossoms are unfolding. 
 A PRIORI. In the first instance; a phrase in logic, op- 
 posed to a posteriori. L. a. iromy priori, abl. (A prior, 
 
 the former. 
 APROPOS. To the purpose; well-timed. F. a, to, pro- 
 
 pos, the purpose. 
 APT. adj. Fit; inclined; ready. L. aptns, p. part, of 
 
 apio,' to fit, or adapt. 
 APTOTE. s. An indeclinable noun. G. a, without, and 
 
 ptosis, a case. 
 AQUAFORTIS, s. Sulphite of nitre. L. aqua, water, 
 
 2X\(\. fortis, (gen. ofj'ors^ of strength. 
 AQUAREGIA. «. Nitro-muriatic acid, aqua, water, 
 
 and regia, (fem. of regius, royal): this mixture will. 
 
 dissolve gold; hence, its princely title. 
 AQUARIUS, s. A sign of the zodiac. L. aquarius, a 
 
 water-bearer. 
 AQUATIC, adj. Relating to any thing that inhabits 
 
 Avater. L. aquaticus; from aqua, water. 
 
AQU—ARC 
 
 \QUAVIT.E. s. A strong spirituous liquor. L. aqua^ 
 water, vitcSy of life. (It should rather be named aqua 
 mortis, the water of death.) 
 
 AQUEDUCT. 8. An artificial conveyance for water. 
 L. aqiicsductus; aqua, water, and ductus, (from duco^ 
 to lead,) a guidance. 
 
 AQUILINE, adj. An aquiline nose resembles an eagle's 
 beak. L. aquilinus; from aquila, an eagle. 
 
 ARABLE, adj. Fit for cultivation. L. arabilis; aro, to 
 plough. 
 
 ARBITER. 8. A judge; one who has the power of 
 direction. L. arbiter, an arbitrator, or ruler. 
 
 ARBITRARY, adj.. Despotic; independent of rules. L. 
 arbitrariiis. — See ARBITER. 
 
 ARBITRATOR, s. A judge, chosen by mutual consent. 
 arbitror, to award. — See ARBITER. 
 
 ARBORESCENT, adj. Growing in the form of a tree. 
 L. arborescens, part, oi arboresco: arbor, a tree. 
 
 ARBOUR. 8. A bower. L. arbor, a tree. 
 
 ARC. 8. Part of a circle. L. arcus, a bow or arch; be- 
 cause these describe only part of a circle. 
 
 ARCADE. 8. An arched walk. F. arcade; L. arcus. — ■ 
 See ARC. 
 
 ARCANUM. 8. A secret. L. arcanum; from area, a 
 chest, coffin, or tomb : secrets are hidden, as in a chest. 
 
 ARCH. 8. Part of a circle. L. a?*c«*.— See ARC. 
 
 ARCHANGEL, s. One of the highest order of angels. 
 G. archosy chief, and angel. 
 
 ARCHBISHOP, s. A chief bishop. G. archos, chief, and 
 bishop. 
 
 ARCHER. 5. One who uses a bow. L. arcus, a bow. 
 
 ARCHETYPE, s. The original. L. archetyfius; G. 
 arche, the beginning, and tufihos, form. 
 
 ARCHITECT, s. A master-builder. L. architectus; G. 
 archos, chief, and tekton, a builder. 
 
 ARCHIVES. 8. A place for public records; or the re- 
 cords themselves. L. archiva ; from arche, a govern- 
 ment. 
 
 ARCTIC, adj. Relating to the arctic circle, or to the 
 north. G. arktos, a bear, the name given to the north- 
 ern constellation, 
 
ARD— ARR 
 
 ARDENT, adj. Hot; eager. L. ardens; from ardeo, to 
 burn. 
 
 ARDUOUS, adj. Difficult. L. arduus, inaccessible; 
 lofty, dangerous. 
 
 AREA. s. A term in mathematics, and architecture. L. 
 a7'ea, a vacant place. — See ARENA. 
 
 ARENA, s. That part of a theatre which is left vacant 
 for the contests, or sports. L. arejia^ sand; because 
 the space was strewed with sand. Area appears to be 
 derived from arena. 
 
 ARGILLACEOUS, adj. Partaking of the nature of 
 clay. L. argillaceus: argilla, white clay, such as pot- 
 ter's use. 
 
 ARGUE, -v. To reason; to dispute. L. arguo^ to show 
 or prove. 
 
 ARGUMEJVTUM AD HOMIXEM. An argument 
 which derives its strength from its personal applica- 
 tion. L. argumentum^ an argument, ad.^ to, hojuinem^ 
 accus. of homo, a man. 
 
 ARID. adj. Dry. L. aridus, dry, parched. 
 
 ARIES, s. A sign of the zodiac. L. aries, a ram. 
 
 ARISTOCRACY, s. A government by nobles. G. aris- 
 tos, greatest, and kraieo, to govern: meaning, where 
 the most powerful men govern. 
 
 ARITHMETIC, s. The science of numbers. L. arith- 
 metica: G. arith?nos, a number, and metreo, to mea- 
 sure. 
 
 ARK. s. A large chest; a vessel to swim on the Avater, 
 as the Ark of Noah. L. area., a chest. — The close 
 rooms in which meal is kept in some parts of Britain, 
 and a species of vessels with which the people of the 
 United States descend their rivers, are called arks. 
 
 ARMILLARY. adj. Resembling a bracelet. L. armilla, 
 a bracelet. — See Ferguson's description of the globes. 
 
 ARMISTICE, s. A short truce. L. armistitium; from 
 arma., arms, and .s^o, to stand. 
 
 AROMATIC, adj. Fragrant. F. aromatique: L. aroma., 
 spice. 
 
 ARRAIGN, -v. To accuse at the bar, preparatory to a 
 trial; to charge with fault. F. arranger. — -See AR- 
 RANGE. 
 
ARR— ASP 
 
 ARRANGE, v. To regulate. F. arrajiger; from c, toj 
 and rang, a row or rank. 
 
 ARREAR. s. That which is left unpaid, or not done. F. 
 arriere, behind. 
 
 ARREST. V. To stop. F. arrester; L. ad, to, and res- 
 tito, to draw back : re, back, and sto, to stand. 
 
 ARRIVE. V. To come; to reach.. F. arriver; from o, 
 to, and rive, a shore. 
 
 ARROGANCE, s. Haughtiness. L. arrogans, part, of 
 arro^'o.— See ARROGATE. 
 
 ARROGATE, v. To assume. L. arrogo; comp. of ad, 
 from, and rogo, to demand. 
 
 ARROW, s. A dart. Derived through the Saxon, from 
 L. arundo, a reed; because, reeds were used for ar- 
 rows. 
 
 ARSENAL, s. A military workshop or magazine. F. 
 arsenal; L. ars, an art or trade. 
 
 ARSON. The malicious burning of another's property : 
 (used by lawyers.) arsum, sup. oi ardeo, to burn. 
 
 ARTERY, s. A tube or canal which conveys the blood 
 from the heart to all parts of the body. G. arteria; 
 from arter, a thing which carries away. 
 
 ARTICLE, s. A part of speech. L. articulus, a joint. 
 
 ARTICULATE, -v. To pronounce distinctly. L. arti- 
 culo; from articulus, a joint, or point. 
 
 ARTIFICE, s. Trick. F. artifice: L. artificium; from 
 arte, (abl. oi ars) by art, and yizc/o, to do. 
 
 ARTIFICIAL, adj. Made by art; fictitious.—See AR- 
 TIFICE. 
 
 ARTILLERY, s. Cannon. F. artillerie; from art, art, 
 and tirailler, to shoot. 
 
 ASCEND. V. To go upwards. L. ascendo; from ad, to- 
 wards, and scando, to climb. 
 
 ASCERTAIN, v. To know surely. L. ad, to, and cer- 
 tain. 
 
 ASCETIC, s. A disagreeable professor of religiori. F. 
 ascetique; G. asketekos: askeo, to vex. 
 
 7\SCRIBE. V. To attribute. L. ascribo; ad, to, and 
 scribo, to write, or appoint; meaning, to assign an ef- 
 fect to a particular cause. 
 
 ASPECT, s. Appearance; direction towards. L. asfiec- 
 tus; from ad, at, and sjiecto, to look. 
 
ASP^ASS 
 
 ASPERITY, s. Roughness; severity. L. asfieritas; from 
 asper^ rough. 
 
 ASPERSE. X'. To calumniate. L. asfiersiim^ sup. of a*- 
 pergo: ad^ upon, and spargo, to sprinkle. 
 
 ASPIRATE, s. A pronunciation formed by a full breath- 
 ing; as the letter h. L. aspiratus, part, of aspiro, to 
 breathe, or blow. 
 
 ASPIRE. V. To desire eagerly (with tO', or after,). L. 
 aspiro, to breathe or blow. 
 
 ASSAFCETIDA. s. A particular drug. L. assus, un- 
 mixed, and fatidus, bad-smelling matter; that is, en- 
 tirely fetid. This word is sometimes improperly spell- 
 ed asafoetida. 
 
 ASSAIL, V. To assault. F. assailer; L. assilio: ad, at, 
 and salio, to leap. 
 
 ASSAULT, s. Attack; hostile violence. F. assauty 
 (formerly assault:) L. ad, at, and saltus, p. part, of 
 salio, to leap. 
 
 ASSAY, s. Examination. F. essayer, to try. 
 
 ASSEMBLY, s. A meeting of people. F. assewblee; 
 from a, to, and semblable, like; meaning, resembling 
 each other, or of equal quality; L. ad, to, and shnilisy 
 like. This word conveys a meaning different from as- 
 semblage. 
 
 ASSENT. V. To agree. L. assentio; ad, with, and sen- 
 tio, to think. 
 
 ASSERT, s. To maintain, or affirm. L. assertum; sup. 
 
 . of assero, to assert. 
 
 ASSESS, s. To apportion, or tax. L. assessum, sup. of 
 assideo; from ad, concerning, and sedeo, to sit; or ad, 
 to, and cessum, sup. of cedo, to yield. 
 
 ASSETS, s. Funds or property sufficient for a demand, 
 F. assez, enough. 
 
 ASSEVERATE, -v. To declare earnestly. L. assevero: 
 ad, to, and severiias, seriousness. 
 
 ASSIDUOUS, adj. Constant in application. L. assidu^ 
 us: ad, at, and sedeo, to sit. 
 
 ASSIGN, -iy. To appoint, or depute. L. assignoj from ad, 
 for, and signo, to mark. 
 
 ASSIGNEE, s. One appointed.—See ASSIGN. 
 
 ASSIMILATE, -u. To cause resemblance. L. aseimiloj 
 from ad, to, and similis^ like. 
 
ASS— ASY 
 
 ASSIST. V. To help. L. assisto: ad, at, and sisto^ to 
 
 continue. 
 ASSIZE. .V. Regulation: (^assizes, meeting of provincial 
 
 law-courts.) V. assis, a sitting; pi. assises. 
 ASSOCIATE. V. To unite. L. associo: ad, to, and so- 
 
 cius, a companion. 
 ASSORT. V. To place in classes. F. assortir; L. ad^ 
 
 to, and sors, a kind. 
 ASSUAGE. V. To mitigate; to ease. L, ad, to, and 
 
 suadeo, to persuade, or counsel. 
 ASSUASIVE. adj. Softening. L. ad, to, and sausio, a 
 
 counselling. — See ASSUAGE. 
 ASSUME, -u. To take; to usurp. L. assumo; from ad, 
 
 to, and sumo, to take. 
 ASSUMPSIT. An action of assumpsit lies against a 
 
 builder, or any other person, who has failed to per- 
 form his contract. L. assumjisit, (from assumo,) he 
 
 undertook. 
 ASSURE. V. To give confidence; to insure. F. assurer: 
 
 L. securus, safe. 
 ASTERISK, s. A mark (*) used in printing. G. aster- 
 
 iskos, dim. of aster, a star. 
 ASTHMA, s. A difficult, short respiration. G. asthma, 
 
 a puff. 
 ASTONISH. V. To confound ; to amaze. F. etonner, 
 
 (formerly estonner); L. ad, at, and tono, to thunder. 
 ASTOUND, -u. To astonish, (a vulgarism.) F. etonner, 
 
 (formerly estonner.) — See ASTONISH. 
 ASTRAL, adj. Relating to the stars. L. astrum, 2l star. 
 ASTRINGENT, adj. Contracting. L. astringens, part. 
 
 o{ astringo: from ad, to, and strmgo, to truss up, or 
 
 bind. 
 ASTROLABE, s. An instrument formerly used for as- 
 certaining latitudes. G. astroii, a star, and lambano, 
 
 to find out. 
 ASTROLOGY, s. The pretended science of foretelling 
 
 by the stars. L. astrologia: G. astron, a star, and lo- 
 gos, a discourse. 
 ASTRONOMY, s. Knowledge of the heavenly bodies. 
 
 G. astronomia; from astron, a star, and nomos, a law 
 
 or rule. 
 ASYLUM, s. Place of safety. L. asylum; G. a, without. 
 
ATH— ATT 
 
 and sulon^ part, of sulao^ to pillage: meaning, free 
 
 from robbery, or hurt. 
 ATHEIST, s. One Avho denies the existence of God. 
 
 G. a, without, and Theos^ God. 
 ATHLETIC, adj. Of a strong and vigorous body. L. 
 
 athleticus: G. athletes^ a wrestler. 
 ATMOSPHERE, s. The air which surrounds the earth. 
 
 G. atmos^ vapour, and sphaira^ a sphere. 
 ATOM. s. A very small particle. G. atomos; from c, 
 
 not, and temno^ to cut : meaning, that it cannot be di- 
 vided. 
 ATROCITY, s. Great wickedness. L. atrocitas; airox, 
 
 cruel. 
 ATROPHY, s. Debility, for want of due nourishment. 
 
 G. atrofihia; from c, not, and trepho^ to nourish. 
 ATTACH. V. To join; to arrest. F. attacher; L. ad^ at 
 
 or to, and tactum^ sup. of tango^ to touch. 
 ATTAIN. V. To procure; to reach. L. attineo: ad, to, 
 
 and teneo, to hold fast. 
 ATTAINDER, s. By attainder, the estate of the con- 
 victed person reverts to his superior lord; and his 
 
 blood is, in a legal sense, so corrupted, as to be no 
 
 longer inheritable. F. atteindre, to reach, or touch. 
 ATTAINT. V. To disgrace; particularly, by conviction 
 
 of felony or treason. — See ATTAINDER. 
 ATTEMPT. V. To endeavour. L. atteiito; from ad^ at, 
 
 and tejito^ to try. 
 ATTEND. V. To give attention, or aid; to be present 
 
 at. L. attendo; from ad, to, and tendo, to stretch out. 
 ATTENUATE, v. To make thin, or slender. L. at- 
 
 tenuo; comp. oi ady to, and tenuis, slender. 
 ATTEST. V. To give evidence. L. attestor; from ad, 
 
 to, and testis, a witness. 
 ATTORNEY, s. One who acts at law for another. F. 
 
 c, for, and tournee, a journey or visit: hence, the F. 
 
 tournellc, a criminal court. 
 ATTRACT. V. To draw towards. L. attractum, sup. 
 
 of attraho; from ad, towards, and traho, to draw. 
 ATTRIB'UTE. v. To ascribe. L. attribuo: ad, to, and 
 
 tribuo, to give. 
 AT'TRIBUTE. s. The thing attributed, or belonging, 
 
 to another. — See the verb. 
 
ATT—AUT 
 
 ATTRITION, s. Rubbing. L. attritio: ad, against, and 
 tritus, p. part, of tero, to rub. 
 
 AUCTION, s. A mode of sale. L. auctio: auctum, sup. 
 of augeo, to increase, [from a small, to a greater, 
 price.] 
 
 AUDACIOUS, adj. Daring. F. aiidacieux; L. audacis, 
 gen. o^ audajc, bold. 
 
 AUDIBLE, adj. Easily distinguished by the ear. L, 
 audibilis; from audio, to hear. 
 
 AUDIENCE, s. The act of hearing; hearers. F. audi- 
 ence; L. audiens, part, oi audio, to hear. 
 
 AUDITOR, s. A hearer ; an examiner of public ac- 
 counts. L. auditor; from audio, to hear. 
 
 AUGUR. V. To conjecture by signs; to portend. L. au- 
 gur, a soothsayer. 
 
 AUGUST', adj. Great; magnificent. L. az^^-w^^z^s, vene- 
 rable, noble. 
 
 AU'GUST. s. The eighth month. L. Augustus desar. 
 —See AUGUST'. 
 
 AURICULAR, adj. Within the sense or reach of hear- 
 ing; secret. L. auricula, the ear. 
 
 AURIST. s. An ear-surgeon. L. auris, an ear. 
 
 AURORA BOREALIS. s. A luminous meteor, pecu- 
 liar to the northern latitudes. L. aurora, the morning, 
 (meaning, light,) and borealis, belonging to the north. 
 
 AUSPICES, s. Omens. L. ausfiicium, a sign: sfiecio, to 
 look. 
 
 AUSTERE, adj. Harsh; of a distant manner. L. axis- 
 terus; G. austeros, harsh. 
 
 AUSTRAL, adj. Southern. L. australis; from auster^ 
 the south. 
 
 AUTHENTIC, adj. Proceeding from sufficient autho- 
 rity. L. authenticus ; G. authentes, an author. 
 
 AUTHOR, s. One who effects, or produces any thing. 
 L. auctor; from auctus,p. part, oi augeo, to increase, 
 or create. 
 
 AUTHORITY, s. Testimony; influence; power. From 
 author: because, authority, in its various significations, 
 must proceed from its proper source, — the author. 
 
 AUTOCRAT, s. An absolute prince. G. autos, one's- 
 self, and kratos, power. 
 
AUT— AVO 
 
 AUTOGRAPHY, s. A particular person's own hand- 
 writing; or the original manuscript, in opposition to a 
 copy. G. autografihon; from autos, one's-self, and 
 gra/iho, to write. 
 
 AUTOMATON, s. A machine, which has a power of 
 motion within itself. G. automatons autos, itself, and 
 maomai, to be moved. 
 
 AUXILIARY, s. An assistant. L. auxiliarius; G. auxo, 
 to increase. 
 
 AVAIL, -v. To aid in promoting. L. valeoy to be strong, 
 or to serve. 
 
 AVALANCHES, s. Prodigious snow-balls, that fre- 
 quently roll down the mountains in Savoy. F. avalan- 
 ches: avaler, to fall down. 
 
 AVAjYT-COURIER. s. a messenger, sent forward to 
 announce the approach of some great personage. F. 
 a*vant, before, and courier. 
 
 AVARICE, s. Insatiable desire of wealth. L. avaritia; 
 from aveo, to covet. 
 
 AVENGE. V. To revenge; to punish. F. venger, to re- 
 venge. 
 
 AVENUE. 8, A way of approach. F. avenue; L. ady 
 to, and venio, to come. 
 
 AVER. V. To declare solemnly. F. averer; L. ady to, 
 and verirniy the truth. 
 
 AVERAGE. V. To fix one degree of value on things 
 of various qualities. L. averagiiun: ad, to, verumj 
 truth, and ago, to bring. 
 
 AVERSE, adj. Unfavourable; opposed. L. aversus.-— 
 See AVERT. 
 
 A.VERT. V. To turn from; to turn aside. L. averto; 
 comp. of c, from, and verto, to turn. 
 
 AVIARY, s. A place inclosed for birds. L. avis, 3. 
 bird. 
 
 cWIDITY. s. Eagerness. L. aviditas: aveo, to desire. 
 
 AVOCATION, s. Business which calls a person away 
 from his usual employment. L. avocatio; a, from, and 
 ■vocoy to call. 
 
 AVOIRDUPOIS, adj. A kind of weight, having 16 
 ounces in a pound. F. avoir du fioids, to have just 
 weight : probably, the statute, mercantile weight, in- 
 troduced into England by the Normans. 
 
AXI— BAP 
 
 AXIOM. 5. A proposition evident at the first view, and 
 which cannot be made plainer by demonstration. G. 
 axio77ia; from ajcio-o, to be thought worthy [of be- 
 lief.] 
 
 AXIS. s. The line, real or imaginary, that passes through 
 any thing, and on which it may revolve. L. axis: G. 
 axo7i; ago, to conduct. 
 
 AZOTE, s. Nitrogen; that part of the atmospheric air 
 which will not support life. F. azote; G. a, not, and 
 zao, to live. 
 
 AZURE, adj. Light blue, F. azuj-y a sky-coloured mi- 
 neral. 
 
 B. 
 
 BACCHANALIAN. 5. A riotous, drunken person. L. 
 baccha7ialla, the feast of Bacchus, the god of wine. 
 
 BADINAGE, s. Playful conversation. F. dadinagej from 
 dadin, waggish, merry. 
 
 BAGATELLE, s. A trifle. F. bagatelle, dim. of bagage, 
 goods of any kind. 
 
 BALANCE, s. An instrument for weighing; difference 
 of weight or amount. F. balance; L. bilanx: bis, dou- 
 ble, and lanx, a broad plate, or dish. 
 
 BALE. s. A large bundle. F. bale, a ball. 
 
 BALL. s. An entertainment of dancing. F. bal; G. bal- 
 lizo, to dance; from ballo, to throw, (meaning the 
 legs.) 
 
 BALLOON, s. A spheroid, formed of silk; which, when 
 inflated by hydrogen gas, or rarefied air, ascends. F. 
 balloon; from bale, a ball. 
 
 BALLOT, s. A mode of giving votes. F. balote, a lit- 
 tle ball used at elections. The balloting balls were of 
 different colours; a white ball denoted approbation, 
 and a black one, dislike. In the United States, small 
 tickets are used. 
 
 BANKRUPT, s. One who cannot pay his debts. Saxon, 
 banc, a heap, (alluding to the money accumulated in 
 banks,) and rujitus, p. part, oirumfio, to break. 
 
 BAPTIZE. V, To administer baptism ; to christen. G. 
 baptizoy to wash, dip, or besprinkle. 
 ■[•4] 
 
BAR— BEL 
 
 BARBAROUS, adj. Uncivilized; cruel. L. barbarus; 
 G. barbaros^ foreign. The Greeks and Romans ap- 
 plied this term, ultimately, to denote want of civiliza- 
 tion, as we do at the present time. 
 
 BARBED, adj. Pointed as an arrow, or a fishing-hook. 
 L. barba.) a beard. 
 
 BARBER, s. A man who shaves beards for hire. F. 
 barbier: L. barba^ a beard. 
 
 BARK. s. A small ship. F. barque; Low L. barca, a 
 large boat. 
 
 BAROMETER, s. An instrument for ascertaining the 
 pressure of the atmosphere. G. bai^os^ weight, and 
 metreo., to measure. 
 
 BASE. s. The lower part, as of a column. — See BASIS. 
 
 BASE. adj. Mean, dishonest. — See ABASE. 
 
 BASILISK, s. A kind of serpent, which is said to af- 
 fright away by hissing, and to kill by looking. G. ba~ 
 siliskos; basileus^ a king. 
 
 BASIS. *. The foundation; first principle. G. and L. 
 basis^ the foot of a pillar. 
 
 BASTION, s. A huge bulwark used in fortification. F. 
 bastion; from baster, to be sufficient, — alluding to its 
 strength. 
 
 BATON. 8. A marshal's staff. F. baton., a staff'or cudgel ; 
 L. batuo^ to beat. 
 
 BATTERY, s. An assemblage of cannon, for destroy- 
 ing. F. batterie; L. batuo., to strike. 
 
 BAWL. -v. To cry aloud. L. balo^ to bleat as a sheep. 
 
 BEAT. -v. To strike, or conquer. L. batuo., to strike. 
 
 BEATIFY. IK To bless. L. btatijico; from beatus^ hap- 
 py, and facia., to m.ake. 
 
 BEATITUDE, s. Happiness, beatitudo; from beatusy 
 happy. 
 
 BEAU MOJVDE. The gay or fashionable world. F. beau^ 
 fine, and monde^ the world. 
 
 BEAUX ESP HITS. Gay fellows; men of wit. F. beaux., 
 pi. of beauy pleasant, and esfirits, pi. of esprit, a spirit. 
 
 BELLES LETTRES. s. Polite Literature, (with the.) 
 pronounced bel-letter. F. les belles lettres, polite learn- 
 ing. 
 
 BELLIGERENT, s. A party in a war. L. belligerans, 
 part, of belli^ero: bellum., war, and gerO'^ to carry on. 
 
BEN— BIS 
 
 BENEDICTION, s. A blessing. L. benedictio: bene, 
 well, and dictio^ an expression: dico^ to say. 
 
 BENEFACTOR, s. One who confers a benefit. L. bencn 
 well, anciybiczoj to do. 
 
 BENEFICE, s. An ecclesiastical living. L. bene/icium^ 
 an obligation.—See BENEFACTOR. 
 
 BENEFICENT, adj. Kind; do'm^ ^^ood.h. dencfaciens: 
 part, o^ denefacio,—SGC BENEFACTOR. 
 
 BENEVOLENT, adj. Well-inclined; charitable. Ube- 
 nevolens; beyie^ well, and volo^ to wish. 
 
 BENIGNITY, s. Graciousness; goodness. L. benignU 
 tas; from bene^ well, happily. 
 
 BIAS. s. Inclination, either of matter or mind. F. biaisy 
 an oblique line. 
 
 BIBBER, s. A tippler. L. bibo^ to drink. 
 
 BIBLE. 8. The sacred volume. G. biblion, a book: mean- 
 ing, by way of eminence. The Book. 
 
 BIBULOUS, adj. Absorbing moisture. L. bibulus; from 
 biboy to drink. 
 
 BIENNIAL, adj. Continuing two years ; occurring every 
 two years. L. biennis: from 6/s, double, and annus^ a 
 year. 
 
 BIFEROUS. adj. Bearing twice a year. L. biferus; bis, 
 twice, and y^ro, to bear. 
 
 BIGAMY, s. The crime of having two wives, or of 
 having two husbands. G. bis.^ double, and gameo, to 
 marry. 
 
 BILE. s. An inflammatory swelling; (sometimes pro- 
 nounced, though vulgarly, boil;') also, a thick, yellow 
 matter, formed internally. L. bilis^ choler. 
 
 BINARY, adj. By couples. L. binus; from bis, double. 
 
 BIOGRAPHY, s. Personal history. G. bios, life, and 
 g7'a/i/io, to write. 
 
 BIPAROUS. adj. Having two at a birth. L. bis, double, 
 and fiario, to bring forth. 
 
 BIPED, s. An animal having two feet. L. bi/iedis, gen. 
 of bifies; bis, double, and /les, a foot. 
 
 BISCUIT, s. Hard bread. F. biscuit; L. bis, twice, and 
 F. cuit, part, of cuire, to bake. 
 
 BISECT. V. To divide into two parts. L. binus, by cou- 
 ples, and seco, to cut. 
 
 BISHOP. One who is placed over several churches. 
 
BIT— BRJE 
 
 Derived, through the Saxon, from L. efiiscofrus; G- 
 
 efii^ over, and skopeo^ to look. 
 BITUMINOUS, adj. Having the qualities of bitumen ; 
 
 pitchy. L. bitumen^ a kind of fat clay or slime, like 
 
 pitch. 
 BLANCH. V. To whiten. F. blanchir; from blanc^ 
 
 white. 
 BLAND, adj. Mild; gentle. L. blandus^ kind. 
 BLANDISHMENT, s. Act of fondness; caresses. L. 
 
 blanditia.'—^Qt BLAND. 
 BLANK, s. A space not written on; unproductive re- 
 sult of lottery chance. F. blanc^ white : that is, having 
 
 the white paper visible. 
 BLASPHEME, -v. To speak irreverently of God. G. 
 
 blasphejjieo; blax., impious, and fihemi^ to say. 
 BOIL. V. To be agitated by heat. F. bouillir; L. bullio; 
 
 from bulla^ a bubble. 
 BOIL. s. A vulgar term for a bile. From the verb, to 
 
 boil; alluding to theybrm of a bile, — that of a bubble. 
 BOLUS, s. A large pill. L. bolus, a lump. 
 BOMB. s. A hollow ball, filled with gunpowder. F, 
 
 bombe: L. boinbus, a buzzing noise. 
 BOMBAST. *. Inflated language. L. bombus, a buzzing 
 
 noise. 
 BOJ^A FIDE. Actually; really. The phrase is also 
 
 used adjectively, for actual, real. L. bona.^ (from bonus,) 
 
 in good, and^?^^, {{Yomjides,) faith. 
 BOJ^ MOT. A witty expression. F. bo7i, good, and mot, 
 
 a word, or saying. 
 BOJVJVE BOUCHE. A nice or sweet morsel. F. bonne, 
 
 fem. oibon, good, and bouche, the mouth. 
 BOJV V IV ANT. A luxurious person. F. bon, well, and 
 
 ■vivant, part, oi-uivre, to live. 
 BOTANY, s. The science of plants. G. botane, an herb, 
 BOUNTY, s. Generosity; pecuniary encouragement, 
 
 F. bonte, indulgence; from bon, good: L. bonus, good. 
 BRACE, -v. To make firm. F. embrasser, to embrace; 
 
 en, in, and bras, an arm. L. in, and brachium. 
 BRACELET, s. An ornament for the arm. F. bracelet; 
 
 from bras, an arm. 
 BREVIARY. *. An abridgment; a book containing 
 
BRE— BUT 
 
 the daily service of the Roman church. F. breviare; 
 L. breviarium: bj'evis, short. 
 
 BREVITY, s. Conciseness. L. brevitasj brevis, short. 
 
 BRIDE. «. A woman recently married. F. bride^ part. 
 oi brider^ to restrain. 
 
 BRIDLE, s. The reins, &:c. used for governing a horse. 
 F. bride; from brider^ to restrain. 
 
 BRIEF, s. An abridged writing; a lawyer's instructions. 
 F. brief. — See the adjective. 
 
 BRIEF, adj. Concise. F. brief: L. brevis^ short. 
 
 BRUMAL, adj. Belonging to winter. L. brumalis; G. 
 brug?nos, a roaring noise. 
 
 BRUNETT. s. A woman with a brown complexion. F. 
 brunette, (dim. of brun, brown,) a little girl who is 
 brown. 
 
 BRUTE. *. An animal without reason, brutus, insensi- 
 ble, irrational, 
 
 BUCOLIC, adj. Pastoral. G. boukolika; from boukolos, 
 a cowherd. 
 
 BUFFET, s. A cup-board; a place at a public enter- 
 tainment, where refreshments are kept. F. buffet, a 
 cup-board. 
 
 BULBOUS, adj. Of a round shape, as the root of a tu- 
 lip. L. biilbus, an onion, or any round, laminated root. 
 
 BULL. s. A papal mandate. F. bulle; from the L. bul- 
 l<£, ornaments, of the figure of a heart, formerly worn 
 by the nobility of the western empire, and afterwards 
 attached to the decrees of the popes. 
 
 BULLETIN, s. A military, or other public document, 
 F. bulletin; bulle, authentic. — See BULL. 
 
 BUOY. s. A piece of floating wood or cork, used by 
 mariners and fishermen. F. bouee: bois, wood. 
 
 BUOYANT, adj. Floating; light.— See BUOY. 
 
 BURSAR, s. The treasurer of a college. L. bursarius; 
 from bursa, a purse. 
 
 BUTLER, s. A servant who takes care of the wines, and 
 superintends the table, F. bouteillier; from bouteiUe^ 
 a bottle. 
 
eAC— CAL 
 
 c. 
 
 CACOCHYMY. s. An unhealthy state of the animai 
 juices. G. kakochumia; from kakos, bad, and chu7nos, 
 juice. 
 
 CACOETHES SCRIBEXDI. A too great fondness of 
 writing for the public eye. L. cacoethes^ an evil habit, 
 scribendiy of writing: cacoethes is from G. kakos, bad, 
 and ethos, a habit. 
 
 CACOPHONY, s. A harsh sound of words. G. kako- 
 fihonia; kakos, bad, and fihonia, a sound. 
 
 CADAVEROUS, adj. Looking like a corpse. L. cada- 
 ver, a dead body. 
 
 CADENCE, s. Fall of the voice, 8cc. F. cadence: L. ca- 
 dens, part, of cado, to fall. 
 
 CADET, s. A person serving in expectation of an of- 
 fice. F. cadet: L. cado, to be attached to. 
 
 CjESURA. s. a term in prosody, referring to a pause. 
 L. ccesura; from ccedo, to cut. 
 
 CMTERA DESUjYT. The remainder is wanting. L. 
 ccstera, pi. of cater, the rest, desunt, (from desum,) are 
 wanting. 
 
 CALAMITY, s. Sudden misfortune. L. calamitas; from 
 calamus, an arrow: because, a calamitous misfortune 
 comes with the swiftness of an arrow. 
 
 CALCAREOUS, adj. Of the nature of lime.— See 
 CALX. 
 
 CALCINE, -v. To decompose by burning. F. calciner. 
 —See CALX. 
 
 CALCULATE, -v. To numerate; to conjecture. L. cal- 
 culus, a pebble; by M'hich, numbers were reckoned, by 
 
 ' persons ignorant of arithmetic. 
 
 CALENTURE, s. A distemper peculiar to sailors in 
 hot climates. L. caleo, to be hot. 
 
 CALIBER, s. The diameter of a gun's bore. F. caliber, 
 rate or size. 
 
 CALIDITY. s. Heat. L. caliditas: calidus, hot. 
 
 CALLOUS, adj. Insensible. L. callus, hardness, or hard 
 flesh. 
 
 CALLOW, adj. Without feathers. L, callus, rough» 
 
CAL— CAN 
 
 ness : very young birds are iinpleasingly rough, by 
 
 reason of their projecting quills. 
 CALORIC, s. The modern chemical name of heat. F. 
 
 caloriqiie: \j. calor^ heat. 
 CALORIFIC, adj. Producing heat. L. calorijicus; calory 
 
 heat, and facio, to make. 
 CALORIMETER, s. An instrument for ascertaining 
 
 the quantity of heat disengaged from any substance 
 
 that may be an object of experiment. L. caior, heat, 
 
 and G. mctreo^ to measure. 
 CALUMNIATE, v. To slander. L. calumnior; from 
 
 caiu7nnia, a false accusation. 
 CALX. s. A burned substance. L. calx, burned lime. 
 CALYX, s. The cup of a plant; that part which sur- 
 rounds and supports the petals. L. calyx; G. kalux^ 
 
 that in which any thing is enclosed. 
 CAMERA-OBSCURA. s. An optical machine. L. ca- 
 mera, a chamber, and obscura, dark. 
 CAMP. A number of military tents. F. camp; L. cam- 
 
 fius, a field. 
 CAMPAIGN, s. The period of an army's operations 
 
 in the field, during one season. F. camjiagne: L. cam- 
 
 fills, a field. 
 CAMPESTRAL. cc(/. Growing infields. L. camfiestris; 
 
 camfius, field. 
 CANAILLE, s. The very lowest of the people; the 
 
 rabble. F. canaille; from canal, the kennel of a street: 
 
 alluding to their filth. 
 CANCEL. V. To obliterate. F. canceller: L. cancelli, 
 
 windows: the marks in cancelled writings are often 
 
 crossed in the form of a window-frame. 
 CANCER, s, A corroding, incurable sore; (also, a sign 
 
 of the zodiac;) cancer, a crab: thus, comparing the 
 
 gradual decay of the flesh, to the slow motion of a 
 
 crab. 
 CANDID, adj. Sincere. L. candidus, bright, friendly. 
 CANDIDATE, s. A suitor for any place of honour or 
 
 profit. L. candidatus; from candidus, white: alluding 
 
 to the custom, amongst the Romans, of his wearing a 
 
 white garment. 
 CANINE, adj. Relating to a dog. L. canimis; canis, a 
 
 dog. 
 
CAN—CAP 
 
 CANISTER. 5. A case, now made generally of tin; but 
 formerly of canes. L. canistrum; canna^ a cane. 
 
 CANKER, s, A cancerous sore. L. cancer^ a crab. — 
 See CANCER. 
 
 CANNIBAL, s. A person who eats human flesh. L. ca- 
 nis, a dog. 
 
 CANNON. 8. A great-gun. F. canon^ fonnerly cannon; 
 L. canna^ a large tube. 
 
 CANON', s. A church law. G. kanon^ a rule. 
 
 CANONIZE, -v. To declare any person a saint. From 
 canon; because his name is placed in the canon for 
 observing festivals. 
 
 CANT. 1). To preach or talk as a hypocrite. L. cantOy 
 to repeat the same thing often : cano^ to sing. 
 
 CANTO, s. Part of a poem. This word is derived, 
 through the Italian, from the L. cantus^ a song : mean- 
 ing, as much as would be sufficient for a song, or for 
 recital in one act. 
 
 CANTON. V. To distribute an army over a district. F. 
 canton^ a province. 
 
 CANVASS, or CANVAS, s. A kind of cloth. F. can- 
 evas: L. ca7inabis, hemp. 
 
 CANVASS. V. To solicit; to examine. Etymology un- 
 known: no rational affinity appears with canvass, 
 cloth. 
 
 CAPABLE, adj. Having a capacity for any particular 
 object. F. cajiable: L. capio^ to contain. 
 
 CAPACIOUS, adj. Large. L. cafiax; from cajiio."-^ 
 See CAPABLE. 
 
 CAPER. ~v. To skip from place to place. L. cafier^ a 
 male-goat. 
 
 CAPIAS AD RESPOJ^DEJVDUM. A writ issued to 
 take the defendant, that he may be answerable to the 
 plaintiff. L. ca/iias, (from capio) you may take, ad, 
 for the purpose of, resji07idendu?n^ (from respojideo^') 
 answering. 
 
 CAPIAS AD SATISFACIE.YDUM. A writ issued, af- 
 ter judgment, to arrest the defendant, until he shall 
 satisfy the plaintiff. L. capias^ you may take, ad^ for 
 the purpose of, satisfaciendum^ (from satisfacio) satis- 
 fying. 
 
CAP— CAR 
 
 CAPILLARY, adj. Resembling hairs; relating to very 
 small tubes. L. cajiillaris ; cafiillus^ a hair. 
 
 CAPITAL, adj. Aftecting the head, or life; chief. F. 
 cafiital; L. cafiitalis: cafiut^ the head. 
 
 CAPITAL. 5. Head of a pillar; chief town; stock of a 
 trader or company. — See the adjective. 
 
 CAPITATION, s. A capitation-tax is laid on the ^ler- 
 son. L. cafiut^ the head. 
 
 CAPITULATE, -v. To surrender by agreement. L. ca- 
 pitulatim^ by heads, or chapters; cajiut^ the head: the 
 terms of surrender being written hi the form of dis- 
 tinct heads or articles. 
 
 CAPRICE, s. Freak; sudden change of humour. F. ca- 
 /irlce.See CAPER. 
 
 CAPRICIOUS, adj. Whimsical ; changeable. F. cafiri- 
 Cieiijc.—See CAPRICE. 
 
 CAPRICORN, s. A sign of the zodiac. L. ca/u-icortius: 
 cajier., a goat, and cornu^ a horn. 
 
 CAPTAIN, s. A commander; a term generally restrict- 
 ed to an officer who commands a single company of 
 soldiers, or a single ship. F. cajiitaine; L. ca/iut^ the 
 head. 
 
 CAPTION. .9. An arrest. L. cafitio — See CAPTIVE, 
 
 CAPTIOUS, adj. Cavilling; L. cafiiiosiis: cafito^ to 
 surprise, or catch ; cafiio., to take. 
 
 CAPTIVATE. V. To delight highly; figuratively, to 
 enslave. L. captivo. — See CAPTIVE. 
 
 CAPTIVE. One taken in war; a prisoner. L. cafitivua: 
 cafitus (p. part, of cajiio) taken. 
 
 CAPTOR, s. He that takes a prisoner, or prize. L. ca- 
 fiiQ, to take.— See CAPTIVE. 
 
 CAPUCHIN, s. A monk of the reformed order of Fran- 
 ciscans. F. cafiucin: from cafiuce^ or ca/iiichon^ a cowl, 
 or large hood; by which, that order are particularly 
 distinguished. 
 
 CARBON, s. The basis of charcoal. F. charbon; L. 
 carbo.) a coal. 
 
 CARBUNCLE, s, A jewel which shines in the dark; 
 a red spot, or pimple on the body. L. carbunculus^ 
 dim. of carbo.^ a coal. 
 
 CARDINAL, adj. Principal. L. cardmalis, belonging 
 to a hinge; cardo, a hinge; because, inferior things 
 
 [5] 
 
CAR— CAR 
 
 are imagined to depend or turn on the cardinal, as a 
 door upon its hinge. 
 
 CARDINAL, s. One of the chief governors of the Ro- 
 man church.— See the adjective. 
 
 CAREER, s. Course of rapid action. F. carriere: L. 
 carrus^ a car. 
 
 CARESS. V. To treat in a kind, or loving manner. F. 
 caresser: L. cams, dear. 
 
 CARET, s. A grammatical point (a.) L. caret, there 
 is [something] wanting. 
 
 CARMINATIVE, s. A medicine for expelling wind. 
 L. cardiacusy griped, and niinuo, to lessen. 
 
 CARNAGE, s. Slaughter. F. carnage: L. carnis, gen. 
 of caro, flesh. 
 
 CARNAL, adj. Fleshly; not spiritual; lustful. F. car- 
 7ial: L. carfiis, gen. of caro, flesh. 
 
 CARNATION, s. The name of a pink flower. F. car- 
 nation: L. carnis, gen. of caro, flesh; because, that 
 species is flesh-coloured. 
 
 CARNIVAL, s. A feast before Lent. F. carnaval: L. 
 caroy flesh; because, it is supposed that unusual quan- 
 tities of flesh-meat, are then eaten. 
 
 CARNIVOROUS, adj. Having a natural inclination to 
 eat flesh. L. carnivorus: carnis, gen. of caro, flesh, 
 and voro, to devour. 
 
 CARP. V. To cavil. L. car/io, to pluck, or find fault. 
 
 CARRION. 5. Flesh unfit for the food of man. F. c/ia- 
 rogne; from carter, to rot. 
 
 CAR TE-BLAJVCHE. s. An unlimited commission. F. 
 carte, a card, and blanche, white, or unwritten. 
 
 CARTEL, s. A writing containing stipulations between 
 enemies, generally relating to an exchange of prison- 
 ers; a vessel sailing under those stipulations. F. car- 
 tel.— Scq CHARTER. 
 
 CARTILAGE, s. A smooth, and solid body, softer than 
 a bone, but harder than a ligament. L. cartilago, a 
 cartilage, or gristle. 
 
 CARTRIDGE, s. A gun-charge, generally in paper. 
 F. carte, strong paper, and ric, exactly, because, 
 cartridges are made the exact size of the gun's cali- 
 ber. 
 
CAS— CAT 
 
 CASCADE, s. A waterfall. F. cascade: L. caeus^ chance, 
 
 and cado^ to fall. 
 CASE. s. State of any thing; event; variation of a noun. 
 
 L. casus; from cado^ to fall, or happen. 
 CASTIGATE, v. To punish. L. castigo; from castus, 
 
 pure, and ago^ to make. 
 CASUAL, adj. Accidental. F. casuel: L. casus., a 
 
 chance; cado., to fall. 
 CASUIST, s. One who justifies evil actions by argu- 
 ment. F. casuistc: L. casus, an event, occasion, or 
 
 emergency. 
 CATACHRESIS. s. Abuse of words. G. katachresls: 
 
 from A-am, against, and chresis, use. 
 CATACOMBS, s. Places for the dead. G. kata, against, 
 
 and kombos., a hollow place: alluding to the body being 
 
 placed perpendicularly in a niche. 
 CATALOGUE, s. A list. L. catalogus: G. katalogos; 
 
 kata., according to, and logos, a description. 
 CATAPLASM, s. A poultice. G. kataplasma: kata, 
 
 over, and plasso, to spread. 
 CATARACT, s. A waterfall. L. cataracta: G. kata- 
 
 rakte: kata, against, and rasso, to dash. 
 CATARRH, s. An issue of humour from the glands, 
 
 about the head and throat. G. katarrheo, to fiov/from. 
 CATASTROPHE', s. Terminating event ; unhappy 
 
 conclusion. G. katastrofihe: kata, against, and strt- 
 
 fiho, to turn. 
 CATECHISE. V. To question minutely. G. katecheo: 
 
 kaia, into, and echeo, to sound. 
 CATEGORICAL, af//. Absolute; direct. G. A-a^a, ac- 
 cording to, and agoreo, to speak. 
 CATENARIAN, adj. Resembling a chain. L. catena, 
 
 a chain. 
 CATHARTIC, adj. Purgative. G. kathartikos: kathai- 
 
 TO, to purge. 
 CATHEDRAL, s. The head church of a diocese. L. 
 
 cathedra, G. kathedra, a chair in which declamations 
 
 are made, or lectures read. 
 CATHOLIC, adj. Universal, or general. F. catholique: 
 
 G. katholikos, general. 
 CATOPTRICS.' 5. That part of optics which relates 
 
CAU— CEN 
 
 to vision by reflection. G. katofitron^ a looking-glass i 
 
 kata^ against, and ofitomai^ to see. 
 GAUSE. «. That which effects; subject of litigation ; 
 
 party. L. causa^ a cause. 
 CAUSTIC, adj. Destroying the texture of any thing 
 
 by its hot, corrosive nature. G. kaustikos: kaio^ to 
 
 burn. 
 CAUTERY, s. An iron used by surgeons for burning 
 
 the flesh; a caustic substance. F. cautere: G. kaio., to 
 
 burn. 
 CAUTION, s. Regard to, or notice of, danger. F. caw- 
 
 tion: L. cautus^ p. part, of ccx'co, to beware. 
 CAVALIER, s. A horseman, or knight. F. cavalier: 
 
 from cheval^ a horse. 
 CAVALRY, s. Men mounted on horses, and armed for 
 
 war. F. caualerie; from chevaly a horse. 
 CAVE. s. A large hole under ground. L. cavum: cavo, 
 
 to make hollow. 
 CAVEAT, s. The name of a legal process, denoting a 
 
 caution, or injunction. L. caveat, let him beware : from 
 
 caveo. 
 CAVIL. V. To object without sufticient cause. L. cavil- 
 
 lor: caveo, to prevent. 
 CAVITY. 8. A hollow place. L. cai;?7c5.— See CAVE. 
 CEASE. V. To stop. L. ce.^.so: from ceclo, to retreat. 
 CEDE. V. To yield, or assign. L. cedo, to yield. 
 CELEBRATE, v. To solemnize; to make famous. L, 
 
 celebro: G. keleba, a banquet. 
 CELERITY, s. Swiftness; despatch. L. celeritas: celer, 
 
 swift. 
 CELESTIAL, adj. Heavenly. L. celestis: ccelum, hea- 
 ven. 
 CELIBACY. *. Unmarried state. L. ccelebs, or coelebs, 
 
 unmarried. 
 CELLAR, s. A subterranean apartment. L. cella; (an- 
 ciently cela;) from celo, to hide. 
 CELLULAR, adj. Having small cavities. L. cellula, a 
 
 little cellar— See CELLAR. 
 CEMETERY, s. A place for the dead. L. cameterium: 
 
 G. koimeterion, a place to sleep in. 
 CENOTAPH, s. A n>onument for a person buried at 
 
CEN— CES 
 
 ;motlier place. G. ke?ios, empty, and (a/i/iofi, a sepul- 
 chre. 
 
 CENSER, s. A vessel in which incense is burned. F. 
 cnceiisoir: L. Incensum^ sup. of incendo^ to burn. 
 
 CENSOR. *. A corrector; an examiner. L. censor: 
 censeoy to judge. 
 
 CENSORIOUS, adj. Addicted to censuring with seve- 
 rity.— See CENSOR. 
 
 CENSURE, s. Blame. L. censiira.^See CENSOR. 
 
 CENSUS, s. An account of the inhabitants, £cc. made 
 by public authority. L. cc7Z6W5.— See CENSOR. 
 
 CENT. s. A hundred; a coin, equal to the hundredth 
 part of a dollar. F. cent; L. centum^ a hundred. 
 
 CENTENNARY. adj. Relating to a hundred. L. cen- 
 tennarius: centum^ a hundred. 
 
 CENTIPEDE, s. An insect with many feet. L. centum, 
 a hundred, -dXid. fiedes^ (pi. of/ze*,) feet. 
 
 CENTRIFUGAL, adj. Receding from the centre. L. 
 centrum.^ the centre, and/w^zo, to run away. 
 
 CENTRIPETAL, adj. Approaching the centre. L. 
 centrum., the centre, and fieto., to seek. 
 
 CENTURION, s. A Roman commander of a hundred 
 men. L. centurio: from centum^ a hundred. 
 
 CENTURY, s. A hundred yeai^. L. centuria: centum, 
 a hundred. 
 
 CEPHALIC, adj. Medicinal to the head. F. cephalique: 
 G. kefihale, the head. 
 
 CERATE. 8. An ointment composed chiefly of wax. 
 L ceratum: cera, wax. 
 
 CERECLOTH, s. Cloth dipped in wax or gum. L. ce- 
 ra, wax, and cloth. 
 
 CERTIFY, -u. To make a formal attestation. F. certijieri 
 L. certus, sure, and facio, to make. 
 
 CERTIORARI, s. A writ to order the record of a 
 cause to be brought before a superior court. L. certi- 
 orari, to be m?.de more certain. 
 
 CERULEAN, adj. Light blue. L. cceruleus: ccelum, 
 the sky. 
 
 CERUMEN, s. The v^ax formed in the ear. L. ceru- 
 men: Cera, wax. 
 
 CESS. s. A tax levied, by its own officers, on a county 
 or a parish. L. cessiun, sup. of cedo, to yield. 
 
CES— CilA 
 
 CESSATION, s. A stop; suspension of action. L. ces- 
 
 satio. — See CEASE. 
 CESSION, s. Assignment. L. cessio: from cessu-m, sup. 
 
 of cedo^ to yield. 
 CETACEOUS, adj. Of the whale kind. L. cetus, a 
 
 whale. 
 CHALICE, s. A sacramental cup. F. calice: L. calix, 
 
 a cup. 
 CHALYBEATE, adj. Impregnated with iron or steel. 
 
 L. chalybs; G. chuluph^ steel. 
 CHAMADE. s. The beat of a drum indicating a desire 
 
 for a parley. F. 
 CHAMOIS, s. A kind of soft leather. F. chamois, a 
 
 wild goat. 
 CHAMPAIGN, adj. Relating to a flat, open country. 
 
 F. camfiagne; from chamfi; L. campus, a field. 
 CHx'lMPION. 's. A warrior; one who engages in sin- 
 gle combat. F. chamjiion: chamji; L. camfius, a field. 
 CHANCEL. 5. The place in a church where the altar- 
 stands. F. chancel: L. cancelli, lattices; referring to 
 
 the enclosure. 
 CHANDELIER, s. A branch for candles. F. chande- 
 lier: from chandelle, a candle. 
 CHANDLER. «. A maker of candles. F. chandelier: 
 
 chatidelle, a candle. 
 CHANTICLEER. *. A name given to the house-cock. 
 
 F. chanter, to sing, and clair, clear: L. canto, and 
 
 clarus, 
 CHAOS, s, A confused mass or mixture. G. chaos, 
 
 signifying, properly, a vast chasm : from chao, to 
 
 gape. 
 CHAOTIC, adj. Confused.— See CHAOS. 
 CHAPLET. s. A garland or wreath for the head. F. 
 
 chafielet: L. caput, the head. 
 CHAPTER, s. A division of a book; (an assembly of 
 
 the clergy oi' a cathedral or collegiate church.) F. 
 
 chajiitre: L. capitulum, dim. oi caput, a head : hence, 
 
 we say, " the heads of a discourse;" meaning the titles 
 
 of each chapter. 
 CHARITABLE, adj. Kind; liberal. Y. charitable: L. 
 
 charitas, charity; G. charis^ a gift, grace, affection. 
 
CHA—CHO 
 
 GPIARLATAN. s, A quack, or mountebank. F. cha7 
 lutcnj; from an Itiilian word, signifyinLj; to chatter 
 
 CHARM, s. Words, or characters, miagined to have 
 some secret power; somethini^ which will please, irre- 
 sistibly. F, charme; L. carmen^ a verse. 
 
 CHARM. V. To delight highly. — Seethe noun. 
 
 CHARNELHOUSE. s. A depository of human bones 
 F. charnel^ relating to flesh, and house. 
 
 CHART. 8. A map for seamen. L. charta^ paper, or a 
 card. Sea-charts were formerly, in England, called. 
 SG'a.-cards. 
 
 CHARTER. *. Written privilege. L. charta^ paper. 
 
 CHASM, s. A cleft; a place unfilled. G. chasmu: chalnc. 
 to gape widely. 
 
 CHASTE, adj. Pure; undefiled. F. chaste; L. casius, 
 pure. 
 
 CHASTISE. V. To punish with a design of amending. 
 —See CHASTE. 
 
 CHATEAU, s. A stately mansion. F. chateau, a castle. 
 
 CHEMIST, or CHYMIST. s. A separater and exam- 
 iner of matter; and preparer of various compounds. 
 F. chymiste: G. chumizo, to boil, or heat in the fire. 
 
 CHEVALIER, s. A knight. F. che-ualier: from cheval, 
 a horse; because the knights were formerly distin- 
 guished, in battle, by being mounted. 
 
 CHEVAUX-DE-FRISE. s. A defensive instrument of 
 war, made of timber and iron spikes. F. This term de- 
 notes, in English, horses of Friesland: the contrivance 
 having been first used in the latter country, as a sub- 
 stitute for cavalry. 
 
 CHICANE. 8. Artifice. F. chicane.^ a quirk. 
 
 CHIMERICAL, ar/;. Imaginary ; of extravagant concep- 
 tion. L. chccmera, one of the poetical monsters. 
 
 CHIROMANCY. *. The pretended art of palmistry, 
 or foretelling the events of life by the lines of the 
 hand. F. chiroma7icc: G. cheir^ a hand, and mantis, a 
 prophet. 
 
 CHIRURGERY.— See SURGERY. 
 
 CHIVALRY. 8. Knighthood; the qualifications or ac- 
 tions of a knight. F. chevalerie. — See CHEVALIER. 
 
 CHOIR. -5. A band of singers in a church; the place 
 
 b 
 
CHO—CIN 
 
 where they sing in church. F. chceur. — See CHO- 
 RUS. 
 
 CHOLERA MORBUS. 5. A sudden effusion of the bile 
 on the intestines, so as to operate violently, both up- 
 wards and downwards. L. cholera^ the cholic, and 
 morbus^ a disease. 
 
 CHOLERIC, adj. Irascible. L. cholericus; G. chole^ 
 bile. 
 
 CHOLIC. s. A painful disorder of the stomach or bow- 
 els. G. chole^ bile. 
 
 CHORAL, adj. Belonging to a choir.~See CHOIR. 
 
 CHORUS, s. A band of singers ; part of a song in which 
 the whole company join. L. chorus^ G. choros^ a com- 
 pany of dancers and singers: from choreuo, to dance. 
 
 CHRISM, s. Holy ointment. G. chrizma^ an ointment. 
 
 CHROMATIC, adj. Relating to the colour of light, and 
 of nafural bodies, and to a species of ancient music 
 now unknown. G. chroma^ colour. 
 
 CHRONIC, or CHRONICAL, adj. Relating to dis- 
 tempei^s of some continuance. F. chronique: G. chro- 
 nos^ time. 
 
 CHRONICLE. 8. A brief history, with dates. G. chro- 
 710S., time. 
 
 CHRONOLOGY, s. The science of computing rela- 
 tive time, F. chronologic: G» c/ircnos, time, and iogos^ 
 a doctrine. 
 
 CHRONOMETER, s. An instrument for measuring 
 time. G. c/ironos, time, and vietreo^ to measure. 
 
 CHRYSALIS, s. An insect, such as a butterfly, when 
 changing from its torpid state. L. chrysalis: G. chru-^ 
 sos^ gold; referring to its yellow hue. 
 
 CHRYSOLITE, s. A precious stone, of a dusky green, 
 with a shade of yellow. F. chrysolite: G. chrusos,. 
 gold; and liihos, a stone. 
 
 CHYLE, s. A white juice, formed in the intestines, and 
 afterwards converted into blood. G. chulos^ juice. 
 
 CHYMIST. 5. A professpr of chemistry.— -See CHE- 
 MIST. 
 
 CI DEVAA^T. Formerly. F. 
 
 CINCTURE, s. A bandage. L. cinctura: from cinctu^f 
 p. part, of ci?igOy to gird. 
 
ciN— cm 
 
 CINERATION. s. The act of reducing to ashes. L. 
 cineresy ashes. 
 
 CINQUE-PORTS, s. The cinque-ports, or Jve ports, 
 as the F. numeral cinque^ .denotes, were those in Eng- 
 land, which, lying the nearest to France, were the 
 more vigilantly guarded against invasion; and were 
 placed under the superintendence of a special gover- 
 nor. 
 
 CIPHER, s. Any arithmetical figure; but, in general, 
 denoting ; hence, the appellation to a person of no 
 cffiiciency, "a mere cipher:" it also means a secret 
 mode of corresponding. F. chiffre, an arithmetical 
 figure. 
 
 CIRCLE, s. A line every where equidistant from a com- 
 mon centre. L. circulus: circum^ around. 
 
 CIRCUIT. 5. Motion around; comprehensive tour. L. 
 circuitus: circmn^ around, and itus^ a going: <?o, to go. 
 
 CIRCULATE. V. To flow around; to interchange. L. 
 circulo. — See CIRCLE. 
 
 Ci:PvCUMAMBIENT. adj. Going around. L. circum^ 
 around, and ambiens^ part, oi ainbio^ to go about. 
 
 CIRCUMCISE. V. To cut the foreskin. L. circumci- 
 sum, sup. oi circumcido: circum^ around, and c^ofo, to 
 cut. 
 
 CIRCUMFERENCE, s. Boundary of a circle. L. 
 circmnferensy part, of clrcumfero: circum^ around, 
 and ytro, to carry. 
 
 CIRCUMFLUENT, ac?/. Flowing around. Yu.circumjiu' 
 ensy part, of circumfiiio : circum^ around, and Jiuo^ to 
 flow. 
 
 CIRCUMFUSE. -v. To spread around. L. circumfusmn^ 
 sup. of circumfundo: circum-, around, and fundo^ to 
 pour. 
 
 CIRCUMJACENT, adj. Surrounding. L. civcumja- 
 censy part, of circumjaceo: circum^ around, and ja- 
 ceo, to lie. 
 
 CIRCUMLOCUTION, s. Indirect speaking. L. circum, 
 about, and locutus, part, of iocjuor, to speak. 
 
 CIRCUMNAVIGATE, v. To sail around. L. circum, 
 around, and navigate. 
 
 CIRCUMSCRIBE, v. To limit, by a real or imaginary 
 circle; L. circum, around, and scribo, to write. 
 
em— CLA 
 
 CIRCUMSPECT, adj. Cautious. L. circumsfiectus^ p 
 part, of circumsfikio: circum-, around, and sfiecio^ to 
 view. 
 
 CIRCUMSTANCE, s. Something relative to a fact; 
 incident ; condition. L. circumstantia: from circum^ 
 about, and stans, part of s^o, to stand. 
 
 CIRCUMVALLATION. s. A surrounding wall. L. 
 circumvallatus^ part, of circumvallo: circinn^ around, 
 and vallo^ (from -vallum^ a fence,) to enclose. 
 
 CIRCUMVENT, -u. To defeat by stratagem. L. cir- 
 cumventmn, sup. of circumvenio: circuniy around, and 
 venio, to come. 
 
 CIRCUMVOLUTION, s. The act of rolling around. 
 circumvolutus^ p. part, of circumvolvo. — See CIR- 
 CUMVOLVE. 
 
 CIRCUMVOLVE. v. To.roll around. L. circumvolvo; 
 circmn^ around, and volvo^ to roil. 
 
 CIRCUS, s. An open place, or theatre, for equestrian 
 exhibitions. L. circus; from circum^ around. 
 
 CITATION, s. A summoning; a quotation. L. citatusj 
 p. part, of cito, to summon. 
 
 CITY. s. This term cannot be strictly defined : its ap-^ 
 plication is arbitrary. It is applied always to the ca- 
 pital town; and frequently, but not universally, to any^ 
 incorporated tov/n. We may safely apply it to places 
 of great importance. F. cite; probably, L. siius, part, 
 of sino, to permit, or establish. The F. cite, is de- 
 rived, by some, from L. civitas, a state: but the 
 French word etat, is a more rational formation from 
 civ it as. 
 
 CIVIL, adj. Relating to the community in general ; 
 mild; obliging. L. civilis; from civis, a citizen. 
 
 CLAIM. V. To demand as a right. L. clamo.^ to call 
 aloud. 
 
 CLAMOROUS, adj. Noisy. L. chnnor, a loud voice. — 
 See CLAIM. 
 
 CLANGOR, s. A loud, shrill sound. L. clangor, the 
 sound of a trumpet. G. klange: klazo, to cry aloud. 
 
 CLARE-OBSCURE, adj. Light and shade in' painting. 
 L. clarus, bright, and obscurus, dusky. 
 
 CLARIFY. V. To brighten. L. clarus, clear, and/o, to 
 be made. 
 
CLA— .COA 
 
 CLASSIC, or CLASSICAL, adj. Relating- to ancient 
 literature; and to architecture, and^iodcrn literature, 
 of the highest rank. L. classicufi. — See CLASSICS 
 CLASSICS, s. Ancient literature of the first rank; mo- 
 dern literature of uncommon merit. L. classis^ a 
 school-bench : alluding to the seats arranged in the an- 
 cient academies. 
 CLAUSE, s. Part of a discourse, or of a sentence. L, 
 clausus, p. part, of claudo, to enclose: meaning, that 
 a clause is separated by punctuation. 
 
 CLEMENCY, s. Mercy; humanity. L. dementia^ pity. 
 
 CLLMACTERIC, or CLIMACTRIC. s. Relating to a 
 period of life, when some great change is supposed to 
 befall the body. F. clemactericjice: G. klUnakter^ the 
 step of a ladder.— See CLIMAX. 
 
 CLIMATE, s. A space measured from the equator to 
 the poles; a certain temperature or situation indicating 
 a degree different from another. L. clima: G. klima; 
 from klhio^ to change, or incline. 
 
 CLIMAX, s. Gradual ascent; a rhetorical figure, by 
 which the words gradually rise in importance. G. kli- 
 max^ a ladder. 
 
 CLINIC, or CLINICAL, adj. Relating to a person 
 who, from sickness, is compelled to remain in bed. A 
 <' clinical lecture" is delivered by a medical professor 
 at the bed-side. G. A7/«o, to lie down. 
 
 CLOISTER, s. A place of religious seclusion. L. claus- 
 triniiy an enclosure, or closet. — See CLOSE. 
 
 CLOSE. V. To shut. L. clausum^ sup. of claudo^ to 
 shut. 
 
 CLOSET, s. A small room for retirement, or for the 
 preservation of valuable things. — See CLOSE. 
 
 CLOUD. .9. An opaque assemblage in the sky. L. cla^i- 
 do., to shut. 
 
 COADJUTOR. .5. An assistant; a partner. L. con^ to- 
 gether, and adjutor., a helper: arf, to, and jutus^ p. 
 part, oi juvo., to help. 
 
 COAGULATE, v. To curdle. L. coa^ulo: co?7, toge- 
 ther, and ago^ to go. 
 
 COALESCE. V. To unite. L. coalesco^ to grow toge- 
 ther: coriy together, and alo^ to nourish or increase. 
 
eoA— coi 
 
 COALITION, s. Junction. L. coalitusy part, of coa- 
 
 lesco.—Sce COALESCE. 
 CODE. 6?. A system of laws or regulations. F. code; 
 L. codejcy the ligneous part of a tree; by metonymy, a 
 book: because, books were occasionally made of thin 
 boards. 
 
 CODICIL. .?. An appendage to a will. L. codicillus, di- 
 minutive of codex. — See CODE. 
 
 COEFFICIENT, adj. Uniting in action. L. con, toge- 
 ther, and efficient. 
 
 COERCE. V. To restrain. L. coerceo: con, together, 
 and arceo, to hold fast. 
 
 COETERNAL. adj. Equally eternal. L. con, with, and 
 eternal. 
 
 COEVAL, adj. Equally ancient. L. cocevus: co?i, toge- 
 ther, and avum, an age. 
 
 COEXIST, u. To exist at the same time. L. con, to- 
 gether, and exist. 
 
 COEXTEND. V. To reach to an equal distance. L. con, 
 together, and extend. 
 
 COGENT, adj. Powerful ; convincing. L. cogens, part, of 
 cogo, to assemble or compel : con, together, and ago, 
 to act. 
 
 COGITATE. V. To think. L. cogito: from cogo, to as- 
 semble; meaning the mental faculties. 
 
 COGNITION, s. Consciousness. L. cognitio, from cog- 
 nosco, to discover or understand. 
 
 COGNIZANCE, s. Judicial notice. F. co7inoissance: 
 L. cognosce, to discover. 
 
 COHABIT, -u. To live together as husband and wife : 
 L. cohabito: con, together, and habito, to dwell. 
 
 COHABITANT, s. An inhabitant of the same place. 
 L. cohabitans, part, of cohabito: con, together, and ha- 
 bito, to dwell. 
 
 COHEIR, -v. One of two or more persons who inherit 
 the same estate. L. con, together, and heir. 
 
 COHERE, s. To stick together. L. cohareo; con, toge- 
 ther, and hareo, to stick fast. 
 
 COHESION, s. Sticking together; union of surfaces. 
 L. coh(£sus, part, oi cohareo. — See COHERE. 
 
 COINCIDE, -v. To meet in the same point; to agree, 
 L. coincido: con, together, in, into, and car/o, to fall. 
 
COL— COL 
 
 .COLANDER, s. A strainer. L. colo, to strain. 
 
 COLIC— See CHOLIC. 
 
 COLLAR, s. A band for the neck. L. collum, the neckv 
 
 COLLATE. i>. To compare; to place in an ecclesiasti- 
 cal benefice. L. collatum^ sup. of confcro; con, toge- 
 ther, andy<"ro, to bring. 
 
 COLLATERAL, adj. Running parallel; not direct; 
 equally related. L. con, together, and laiu6-y a side: 
 that is, side by side, remaining together. 
 
 COLLATION, s. Comparison of one copy, or thing, 
 with another of the same kind; a species of repast; a 
 particular mode of bestowing an ecclesiastical bene^ 
 fice. L. collatio. — Sec COLLATE. 
 
 COLLEAGUE, s. An associate, or partner. L. con, to- 
 gether, and league. 
 
 COLLECT, -v. To gather; to assemble. L. collectum, 
 sup. of colligo: con, together, and lego, to gather. 
 
 COLLEGE, s. A public place of study; a state-assem- 
 bly. L. collegium; from colligo. — See COLLECT. 
 
 COLLISION s. The act of striking together. L. col- 
 lisio; from collido: con, together, and l(zdo, to hurt. 
 
 COLLOQUIAL, adj. Relating to familiar discourse.— 
 See COLLOQUY. 
 
 COLLOQUY, s. A dialogue. L. colloquium; con, toge- 
 ther, and loquor, to speak. 
 
 COLLUSION, s. A design of two or more persons to 
 defraud. L. collusio; con, together, and lusujti, sup. 
 of liido, to cheat. 
 
 COLON, s, A grammatical point (:); one of the intes- 
 tines. G. kolon, a member. 
 
 COLONY, s. A country planted by a foreign state; the 
 people inhabiting, or intending to inhabit, the planta- 
 tion. L. colonia; G. kolon, a member. 
 
 COLOSSUS, s. A huge statue. L. colossus; G. kolos- 
 SOS. The most celebrated colossal statue was that of 
 Apollo, at Rhodes, which was 126 feet high. The 
 name is derived from kollao, to join strongly with ce- 
 ment; alluding to the number of pieces of which it 
 was composed. 
 
 COLURES. s. Two great circles, imagined to pass 
 through the poles of the world, and through the equi- 
 noctial and solstitial points. L. coluri; G. kolouri- 
 [6] 
 
COM— COM 
 
 from kolouros, cut short : because a pan of their cir- 
 cumference lies under the horizon. 
 
 COMBAT. V. To fight. F. combative: L. con, toge- 
 ther, and batuo, to beat. 
 
 COMBINE. 'V. To unite. F. combiner; L. con, toge- 
 ther, and binus, a couple. 
 
 COMBUSTIBLE, adj. Susceptible of ignition. L. com- 
 bustum, sup. oi comburo, to burn. 
 
 COMEDY, a. An amusing drama. L. comedia; G. ko- 
 ine, a village. 
 
 COMET, s. A kind of planet. L. cometa; from coma, 
 hair : referring to its apparent tail. 
 
 COMMA, s. A grammatical point (,) denoting the 
 shortest pause in reading; in music, the ninth part of 
 a tone. G. komma, a slice, or very small part. 
 
 COMMx\ND. 6-. Government; direction. F. commande: 
 L. con and mando, to intrust with: mando is from ma- 
 nus, a hand, and do, to give ; meaning, to commit to 
 another's power. 
 
 COMMEMORATE, -v. To preserve a recollection pub- 
 licly. L. commemoro; con, together, and memoro, to 
 remember. 
 
 COMMEND. 1). To recommend; to approve. L. com- 
 mendo; con, with, and ?7iando, to intrust. 
 
 COMMENDAM. s. A church benefice, given in trust. 
 —See COMMEND. 
 
 COMMENSURATE, adj. Equal; proportionate. L. 
 con, with, and mensura, a measure. 
 
 COMMENT', -v. To remark. L. commentor; from 
 commentus, part, oi comminisco, to call to mind. 
 
 COMMERCE, s. Trade; intercourse. F. commerce; 
 L. commerchim; con, together, and mercor, to pur- 
 chase. 
 
 COMMINGLE, v. To blend. L. con, together, and min- 
 gle, 
 
 COMMISERATE, v. To pity. L. commiseror; con, 
 with, misereor, to be sorry. 
 
 COMMISSARY, s. In military language, means a per- 
 son who superintends the supplying of an army with 
 clothing, provisions, and ammunition. Low L. commis- 
 sarius.—See COMMISSION. 
 
 COMMISSION, s. Authority given. F. co7nmis8ion; 
 
COM— COM 
 
 L. coinmissum; con, with, and ?nissusy p. part, of mittOp 
 
 to send. 
 COMMIT. V. To give in trust. L. committo; con, with, 
 
 and mitto, to send. 
 COMMITTEE, s. Persons chosen by a larger number,. 
 
 to consider some business and report their opinion. — - 
 
 See COMMIT. 
 COMMIX. V. To blend. L. con, together, and mix. 
 COMMODE, s. A night-stool. F. commode; L. commo- 
 
 dum, convenience. 
 COMMODIOUS, adj. Convenient. L. commodufi; con, 
 
 with, and modus, due proportion. 
 COMMODITY, s. Something useful. F. commodltc; 
 
 L. commoditas.'—^QQ COMMODIOUS. 
 COMMON, adj. General; vulgar. L. co?n7nunis; con, 
 
 together, and munus^ a benefit, or right. 
 COMMUJYIBUS JA^.VIS. On the annual average, L. 
 
 communibus, in common, annis, years: (^co?nmunis 
 
 and annus.) 
 COMMUNICATE, -v. To impart, or reveal. L. comnm- 
 
 nico.'—See COMMON. 
 COM]MUNION. s. Intercourse; participation. L. co7n- 
 
 munio.^SQe COMMON. 
 COMMUTE. V. To change. L. commuto; from con, 
 
 with, and miito, to change. 
 COM'PACT. s. An agreement. L. con, with, and/^ac- 
 
 tus, part. Qi pMciscor, to bargain. 
 COMPACT', adj. Firm; close. L. comfiactus, p. part. 
 
 o{ comfiingo, to put together. 
 COMPANION. 6-. An associate. F. compagnon; L. con^ 
 
 together, and fiango, to fix, or agree upon. 
 COMPARATIVE, adj. Relating to comparison.— See 
 
 COMPARE. 
 COMPARE. V. To judge or estimate relatively. L. 
 
 comparo; con, together, and/zar, a couple. 
 COMPASSION, s. Pity. F. compassion: L. con, with, 
 
 and passus, part, oipatior, to suffer. 
 COMPATIBLE, adj. Suitable; consistent. F. compati- 
 
 hle: L. con, together, and patior, to suffer, or to be 
 
 mixed with. 
 COMPATRIOT. 8. One of the same country. F. com- 
 
 patriate; L. con, together, and patria, a country. 
 
COM— COM 
 
 GOMPEL. V. To force. L. compello; from con, with, 
 
 and pello^ to drive. 
 COMPENDIOUS, adj. Short; abridged. L. compendi- 
 um, an abstract.— -See COMPENDIUM. 
 COMPENDIUM, s. An abstract; an abridgment. L. 
 
 compendium; from con, together, and pendo, to deli- 
 berate on : meaning, that care was used to admit only 
 
 what was important. 
 COMPP2NSATE. -v. To recompense. L. compenso; con, 
 
 with, and fienso, to consider, or value. 
 COMPETENT, adj. Suitable; adequate. L. competens, 
 
 part, oi competo, to agree. 
 COMPETITION, s. Rivalship. L. con, together, and 
 
 petitio., a desire. 
 COMPILE, s. To collect from the works of others. L. 
 
 comfdlo; from con, and pAlo, to pull off. 
 COMPLA'CENT. adj. Mild. L. complacens, part, of 
 
 complaceo, to please. 
 COMPLAIN. V. To murmur. F. complaindre; L. con, 
 
 and plango, to beat, (meaning the breast,) or bewail. 
 COMPLAISANT', adj. Polite. F. complai&ant; L. com- 
 
 placens.-^^Qe COMPLACENT. 
 COMPLEMENT, s. Generally signifies a just quantity. 
 
 L. complementum, a filling up, or completion; from 
 
 co/w/2/eo.— See COMPLETE. 
 COMPLETE, adj. Perfect. L. comfiletus, part, of co;??- 
 
 plear; con, with, and pleor, to be filled. 
 COMPLEX, adj. .Of many parts; entangled. L. com- 
 
 plexus, part, of complector; con, together, and plector, 
 
 to be folded. 
 COMPLEXION, s. Appearance, (all the colours or all 
 
 the circumstances, being seen in one view.) F. com* 
 
 plexion. L. complexio. — See COMPLEX. 
 COMPLICATE. Gf/;. Involved; difficult. I., complica- 
 
 tus, part, of complico; con, together, and plico, to fold. 
 COMPLIMENT, s. Flattery. F, compliment; from 
 
 compiler.— ^QC COMPLY. 
 COMPLY. V. To accord with; to submit. F. compiler; 
 
 comme, as, and /2/i€"r, to bend. 
 COMPORT. V. To agree; to suit; (followed by with.) 
 
 F. comporter ; L. con, together, and /zor^o, to carry cr 
 
 bear. 
 
COM—CON 
 
 COMPOSE, r. To put together; to invent; to calm. 
 F. com/ioser; L. comfiositum^ sup. of comjiofio; C07i^ 
 together, and /2ono, to place. 
 
 COMPOSITE, adj. Of several kinds. L. co?n/iositus.^ 
 See COMPOSE. 
 
 COMPOS MEA'TIS. Of sound and composed mind. 
 L. co?)ipes, a partaker, mentis^ (gen. of mens^) of tlie 
 mind: comfios may, however, be an abbreviation of 
 com^iositus^ adjusted. 
 
 COMPOST, s. A mixture for manure.— See COM- 
 POSE. 
 
 COMPOSURE. V. Cahnness of mind; tranquillity.— 
 See COMPOSE. 
 
 COMPOUND. V, To mix. L. co7«/io«o.— See COM- 
 POSE. 
 
 COMPREHEND, v. To include; to understand. L. 
 comjirehendo; con, together, and prendo, to lay hold 
 on. 
 
 COMPRESS. V. To condense. L. compressuin, sup. of 
 comjirimo ; con, together, and firemo, to press. 
 
 COMPRISE. -V, To contain. F. comjiris, comprised; 
 from comjirendre.—'^iQQ COMPREHEND. 
 
 COMPROMISE. 6-. Mutual abatement. F. comjiromis} 
 L. compro mis Slim; con, together, and firo7nissns, p. 
 part, oi promitto, to promise. 
 
 COMPTROLLER, s. A supervisor. F. comfite, an ac- 
 count, and rolle, a list. 
 
 COMPULSION, s. Force. L. comjiulsio; comfiuhus, 
 p. part, of co7«/2e//o.— See COMPEL. 
 
 COMPUNCTION, s. Uneasiness of conscience. F. 
 comfiunction; L. fiunctus, p. part. o{ pungo, to prick. 
 
 COMPURGATOR, s. One who bears his testimony to 
 the credibility of another: (compurgators are not, how- 
 ever, admitted in modern times.) L. compurgator; 
 con, together, and pur go, to cleanse. — See Hume's 
 History of England. 
 
 COMPUTE, -v. To calculate. L. computo; con, toge- 
 ther, and puto, to consider. 
 
 CONCATENATION, s. Uninterrupted succession. L. 
 con, together, and catena, a chain. 
 
 CONCAVE, adj. Hollow; opposed to convex: L. con- 
 cavus; from cavea, a cave. 
 [6*] 
 
CON— CON 
 
 CONCEAL. X'. To hide. L. concelo; celo^ to hide. 
 
 CONCEDE. V. To yield, or grant. L. cojicedo: con, 
 with, and cedo^ to yield. 
 
 CONCEIT. .<?. Thought; opinion; pride. F. concefii: 
 L. concefitus^ p. part, q^ conci/ilo, to conceive. 
 
 CONCENTRx\TE. v. To bring together. L. con, to- 
 gether, and centrum, the centre. 
 
 CONCEPTION. 5. Idea; knowledge; state of becom- 
 ing pregnant. L. conceptio: conceptus, p. part, of con- 
 cipio, to conceive: co?i, together, and capio, to take. 
 
 CONCERN, s. Business; participation; regard. F. con- 
 cerner, to regard. L. con, with, and cerno, to see. 
 
 CONCESSION, s. Act of conceding. L. concessio: from 
 con, and ccssum, sup. of cedo, to yield. 
 
 CONCILIATE, -v. To reconcile; to gain. L. concilio: 
 conciliu77i, a council. 
 
 CONCISE, adj. Brief. L. concisusy part, of concid.or, 
 to cut. 
 
 CONCLAVE, s. A close assembly. L. conclave, an in- 
 ner apartment: con, with, and clavis, a key. 
 
 CONCLUDE. T^. To finish; to decide. L. concludo: 
 con, and ctaiido, to shut up. 
 
 CONCLUSION, s. Termination; restilt. L. conclusio. 
 —See CONCLUDE. 
 
 CONCOCT, -v. To digest; to ripen. L. concoctum, sup. 
 of concoguo, to boil. 
 
 CONCOMITANT. «f//' Accompanying. L. concomi- 
 tans: con, together, and coinitans, part, of comitor, to 
 accompany. 
 
 CONCORD. 5. Agreement. L. concordia: con, toge- 
 ther, and cordia, hearts. 
 
 CONCOURSE, s. Assemblage. F. concours: L. con- 
 c«r6ws.— See CONCUR. 
 
 CONCRETE, s. A substance formed by the union of 
 dry particles. L. concretio; concretus, part, of con- 
 cresco, to be joined together: con and cresco. 
 
 CONCUPISCENCE, s. Irregular desire; lust. L. co7i^ 
 cupiscentia; concupisco, to covet: incep. from co7i, and 
 cupio, to desire. 
 
 CONCUR, -v. To meet in one point; to agree. L. con- 
 curro: con, together, and curro, to run. 
 
 CONCUSSION, 5. Sudden and great agitation, L. con- 
 
CON— CON 
 
 cusaio: con^ together, and quassus, p. part, of quatioj, 
 
 to shake, or jolt. 
 CONDEMN, -v. To pronounce guilty; to censure; to 
 
 declare unfit for use. L. condemno: con^ with, and 
 
 damnum^ loss, or damage. 
 CONDENSE. XI. To make closer. L. coiidcnso: coiu 
 
 together, and denseo^ to thicken. 
 CONDESCEND, -u. To stoop. L. cojidescendo; con., 
 
 with, and descendo, to come down. 
 CONDIGN, adj. Suitable; deserved. L. cojidignus; 
 
 from con^ with, and dignus, proper. 
 CONDITION, s. Stipulation; state. L,. cG?iditioj condo^ 
 
 to build. 
 CONDOLE, -u. To join in grief. L. condoleo; couy with, 
 
 and doleo., to grieve. 
 CONDUCE. V. To contribute. L. co?iduco; con, toge- 
 ther, and duco, to lead. 
 CONDUCT'. V. To lead, or direct. L. conducoj couy 
 
 together, and duco., to lead. 
 CON'DUCT. 8. Management; behaviour. — See the 
 
 verb. 
 CONDUIT, s. An aqueduct. F. conduit.-^^^Q CON- 
 DUCT', f 
 CONE. s. A solid body, having a circular base, and 
 
 declining regularly to a point. L. conu-s: G. konos, 
 
 the seed of the pine; or a cone. 
 CONFABULATION, s. Conversation. L. confabula- 
 
 tio; con. together, and fabula., a discourse. 
 CONFECTIONER, s. A maker of sweetmeats. L. con- 
 
 fectio, a preparation: con, together, and /acio, to 
 
 make. 
 CONFEDERATE, s. An ally; an associate. L. con, 
 
 together, and fcederatus, allied : fceclus, a league. 
 CONFER, -v. To consult; to bestow. L. confero-^ con, 
 
 together, and y^ro, to bring. 
 CONFIDENCE, s. Trust. L. confidential from couy 
 
 Avith, and fides, faith. 
 CONFI'NE. -v. To limit; to imprison. F. confiner; L. 
 
 con, with, ^n6. finis, a boundary. 
 CON 'FINES, s. Borders. F. confijis; L. confine, a 
 
 place adjoining: cotj, together; •d.vAfi.r.is, a boundary. 
 
CON—CON 
 
 CONFIRM. V. To establish. L. conjirmo; con, toge- 
 ther, d.ndJir7}Wy to strengthen. 
 CONFISCATE. z>. To seize for public use. L. con^ 
 
 fiscoi'; Jisciis^ a public money-bag. 
 CONFLAGRATION, s. An extensive fire. F. corifla- 
 
 gration; L. con, together, and ^a^ro, to burn. 
 CON'FLICT. s, A contest. L. confiictus; from conjii- 
 
 go; con, together, and Jiigo, to dash. 
 CONFLUENCE, s. Meeting of streams. L. conjiuens^ 
 
 part, oi confiuo; con, together, and^z^o, to flow. 
 CONFLUX, s. Concourse; crowd. L. conjiuxus; part. 
 
 of corz/wo.— See CONFLUENCE. 
 CONFORM. -V. To assimilate; to comply with. L. con- 
 
 formo; con, with, and/br/^zo, to shape. 
 CONFOUND. -V. To perplex, or amaze. L. confundo; 
 
 /undo, to pour out, or scatter. 
 CONFRONT. V. To bring face-to-face. F. confronter; 
 
 L. con, together, diXidfrons, the forehead, or front. 
 CONFUSE. V. To disorder, or perplex. L. confusum, 
 
 sup. of co;?/«72£/o.— See CONFOUND. 
 CONFUTE, -v. To convict of error, or falsehood. L. 
 
 confiito; from con, 2indJ'u tills, silly, trifling. 
 CONGEAL. V. To become solid, as ic •. L. congelo; 
 
 gelii, ice. 
 COJVGE' D'ELIRE. s. Signifies, in England, the king's 
 
 permission to a dean and chapter, to choose a bishop. 
 
 F. conge, a license, d'elire, to elect. 
 CONGENIAL, adj. Of the same kind; agreeable. L. 
 
 con, with, and genus, a sort. 
 CONGLOMERATE, -v. To become round. L. con- 
 
 glomero; con, and glomus, a ball of thread. 
 CONGLUTINATE. v. To cement. L. congluiino: glu- 
 ten, glue. 
 CONGRATULATE, v. To rejoice with a person on 
 
 account of his good fortune. L. congratulor; con, with, 
 
 and gratus, thankful. 
 CONGREGATION, s. A collection ; a religious assem- 
 bly. L.. congregatio: from con, together, and greges^ 
 
 plural oi grex, a flock. 
 CONGRESS, s. A meeting; a national assembly. L. 
 
 congressio; from congredior: con, together, and gra- 
 
 dior, to go; gradus, a step. 
 
CON— CON 
 
 CONJECTURE, s. Supposition. L. co?ijectura: coh^ 
 together, ^ndjacio, to throw [our ideas.] 
 
 CONJUGAL, adj. Matrimonial. L. conjug-alis: conju- 
 gis, gen. of co7ijux: co)i, together, and jiigum^ a 
 yoke. 
 
 CONJUGATE. V. To decline a verb through its va- 
 riations, and with a nominative prefixed; so that the 
 verb shall agree with the nominative in number and 
 person. L. conjugo: con., together, and jugo, to join. 
 
 conjunction'. 6'. Union; a connector of words. L. 
 conjimctio; from coujungo: con^ together, ^wd jungo^ 
 to join. 
 
 CONNECT, -u. To join: L. coiuiecto; from con^ toge- 
 ther, and necto^ to link. 
 
 CONNIVE. V. To aid, by pretending ignorance of an- 
 other's design. L. conniveo^ to wink. 
 
 CONNOISSEUR, s. A judge, or critic. F. connoisseur; 
 L. cognosco, to know. 
 
 CONNUBIAL, adj. Nuptial. L. coniiubialis: cotiy to° 
 gether, and mibo^ to cover, or marry. 
 
 CONSANGUINITY, s. Relation by blood. L. consan- 
 guinitas ; con^ together, and sanguis, blood. 
 
 CONSCIENCE, fi. Self-knowledge; moral feeling. L. 
 conscie7itia; con.^ and scie?is, part, of scio, to know. 
 
 CONSCIOUS, s. Knowing any thing, from internal 
 judgment or moral feeling. L. cowsciw*.-— See CON- 
 SCIENCE. 
 
 CONSCRIPTION, s. Military enrolment. L. conscrifi- 
 tio; con, together, and scrifitus, p. part, of scribo, to 
 write. 
 
 CONSECRATE, -v. To make holy. L. consecro; sa- 
 cru?n, a holy rite. 
 
 CONSECUTIVE, adj. Uninterrupted. F. consecutif. 
 L. con, together, and sccutus, part, of scquor, to fol- 
 low. 
 
 CONSENT. If. To agree; to admit. L. consentio; con^ 
 with, and sentio, to think. 
 
 CONSEQUENCE, s. Effect. L. conscqucntia; from con- 
 sequens, following, or ensuing. Consccjuence is often 
 improperly used for importance, — a person of conse- 
 quence, instead of a person of im/iortance. 
 
 CONSERVATOR, s. A preserver of the public hap 
 
CON— CO>^ 
 
 piness. L. conservator; from con^ together, and ser- 
 
 voy to keep. 
 CONSERVATORY, s. A place for holding delicate 
 
 things.— See CONSERVATOR. 
 CONSIDER. V. To study; to regard. L. con^sidero, 
 
 con^ together, and sidera, stars: meaning, to calcu 
 
 late deliberately, in the manner of astrologers. 
 CONSIDERABLE. aJ;. Worthy of consideration; great 
 
 —See CONSIDER. 
 CONSIGN. V. To assign, or intrust. L. consigno: con 
 
 and signo^ to mark. 
 CONSIST. V. To be contained. L. consisto; con^ to 
 
 gether, and sisto^ to be set. 
 CONSISTENT, adj. According; proper. L. consis^ 
 
 tens, part, of consisto; con, together, and sisto, to be 
 
 set. 
 CONSISTORIAL. adj. Relating to an ecclesiastical 
 
 court. L. consisto, to remain in one place : that is, not 
 
 circuitous, as the civil courts. 
 CONSOLE. V. To comfort. L. consolor; from con, with, 
 
 and so lor, to cheer. 
 CONSOLIDATE, v. To make firm; to unite. L. con, 
 
 together, and solidus, firm. 
 COi^SO'NANT. adj. According with. L. consonans, 
 
 part, of consono; con, with, and sono, to sound. 
 CON'SONANT. s. A letter, such as b, c, d; the name 
 
 of which cannot be articulated without the aid of a 
 
 vowel ; therefore, sounded with another letter.— See 
 
 CONSONANT. 
 CONSORT, s. A wife; a companion. L. co7i, together, 
 
 and sors, a lot. 
 CONSPICUOUS, adj. Obvious to the sight; distin- 
 guished. L. conspicuus; from conspicio, (^con, and sjie- 
 
 cio,) to discern. 
 CONSPIRE. X'. To plot; to join. L. consfiiro: con, to- 
 gether, and spiro, to breathe. 
 CONSTANT, adj. Perpetual; continent; assiduous. L. 
 
 constans ;{Yom. con,w^\ih,?d'\^ stans,-^'d,vi.o{ sto,to stand. 
 CONSTELLATION, s. A cluster of stars. L. con, to- 
 gether, and stclU, stars. 
 CONSTERNATION. 6. Amazement. L. consternatio: 
 
 con, together, and sterno, to spread, or throw down. 
 
CON— CON 
 
 CONSTIPATE. V. To thicken; to make costive. L. 
 
 consd/io; con^ together, and sii/io^ to stuft*. 
 CONSTITUENT, s. A necessary part; one who ap- 
 points. L. constltuens. — See CONSTITUTE. 
 CONSTITUTE, v. To form; to appoint. L. cojistituoj 
 
 con, together, and statuo, to establish. 
 CONSTITUTION, s. The act of constituting; frame, 
 
 L. constitutio See CONSTITUTE. 
 
 CONSTRAIN. IK To compel. F. constraindre; L. co7i, 
 
 together, and strlngo, to bind. 
 CONSTRUE. V. To explain; to interpret. L. construo; 
 
 from con, together, and struo, to arrange. 
 CONSTRUCT. V. To frame; to build; to form in the 
 
 mind. L. constructinn, sup. of construo; con, together, 
 
 and struo, to pile up. 
 CONSTRUCTION, s. The act of building; structure; 
 
 grammatical, logical, or mathematical, arrangement. 
 
 L. constructio.—^QQ CONSTRUCT. 
 CONSUL, s. A species of public officer. L. consul; 
 
 from consulo, to advise, or provide for. 
 CONSUME, v. To spend; to destroy. L. consumo; 
 
 con, and sumo, to take. 
 CON'SUMMATE. v. To complete. L. consummoi 
 
 from sumvius, the top. 
 CONSUM'MATE. adj. Complete; accomplished. L. 
 
 consummatus. — See the verb. 
 CONSUMPTION, s. The act of consuming; wasting. 
 
 L. cGnsu7}2fitio.-^See CONSUME. 
 CONTACT, s. Junction. L. contactus, p. part, of con- 
 
 tingo: con, together, and tango, to touch. 
 CONTAGION, s. Infection. L. cow^^-zo.— See CON- 
 TACT. 
 CONTAIN. V. To hold; to comprise. L. contineo; con, 
 
 together, and teneo, to hold. 
 CONTAMINATE, -v. To corrupt. L. cojitamino, to 
 
 mix one thing with another. 
 CONTEMN, -v. To despise. L. contemno; con, and 
 
 temno, to despise: G. temno, to cut off. 
 CONTEMPLATE, -v. To study. L. contemplor; tern- 
 
 filum, a recess. 
 CONTEMPORARY, or COTEMPORARY. adj. Ex- 
 
CON— CON 
 
 jsting at the same time. L. co?2, together, and temlioi-Lu 
 
 phiral of temfius, thne. 
 CONTEMPT, s. Scorn. L. contemptio; contemfitus^ 
 
 p. part, of con^<?m72o.~See CONTEMN. 
 CONTEND, -u. To strive in opposition. L. contendo} 
 
 from C07Z, together, and tendo^ to stretch out. 
 CONTENT, adj. Satisfied. L. contentus, p. part, of 
 
 contmeo; con., with, and teneo., to hold fast. 
 CONTENTION, s. Strife. L. coTzr^Tz^zo.— See CON- 
 TEND. 
 CONTEST, -v. To dispute. L. contestor; con^ together, 
 
 and testor^ to aver, or call evidence. 
 CONTEXT, s. General connexion or body of a dis- 
 course. L. contextus.^ woven together. 
 CONTIGUOUS. «£/;. Neighbouring. Ij.contiguus iivom. 
 
 co?ui7igo.-^See CONTACT. 
 CONTINENCE, s. Self-restraint; chastity. F. co7iti- 
 
 7ience: L. continentia See CONTINENT. 
 
 CONTINENT, adj. Unchangeable; chaste. F. conti- 
 nent; L. continens, part, of contineo; con, together, 
 
 and teneo, to hold. 
 CONTINENT, s. A vast tract of land. F. continent.-^ 
 
 See the adjective. 
 CONTINGENCY, s. Accidental possibility. L. contin- 
 
 gens, part, of contingo; con, together, and tango, to 
 
 touch. 
 CONTINUE. V. To remain; to extend. L. continuo; 
 
 con, together, and teneo, to hold. 
 CONTINUITY, s. Connexion; continuation. F. conti' 
 
 nuitS.^'^QQ CONTINUE. 
 CONTORTION, s. Twist; contraction. L. contortio; 
 
 from con, together, and tortus, p. part, of torqueo, to 
 
 twist. 
 CONTRACT'. -V. To lessen in extent; to bargain. L. 
 
 contractiim, sup. of contraho; con, together, and traho, 
 
 to draw. 
 CON'TRACT. s. A bargain.— -See the verb. 
 CONTRACTION, s. The act of shortening. L. con- 
 
 tractio.—SeQ CONTRACT. 
 CONTRADICT, v. To deny, or oppose verbally. L. 
 
 contradictuTu, sup. oi contradico; contra, against, and 
 
 dico, to speak. 
 
cox— CON 
 
 CONTRADISTINGUISH. -z^.To distinguish, by quali^ 
 
 tics not only difterent, but opposite. L. contra.^ oppo- 
 site to, and distinguish. 
 CONTRARY, adj. Opposite. L. contrarius: contra^ 
 
 against, or opposite to. 
 CONTRAST, s. Opposition, in form, colours, 8cc. F. 
 
 contraste: L. contra^ opposite to. 
 CONTRA VALLATION. s. A defence erected paral- 
 
 lei with another. L. contra-, against, and vailum^ a 
 
 defence. 
 CONTRAVENE, x-. To oppose; to obstruct. L. con- 
 
 tj-avcjiio: contra, against, and venio, to come. 
 CONTRIBUTE, v. To give aid, in conjunction with 
 
 one or more persons. L. contribuo: con, together, and 
 
 tribuo, to give. 
 CONTRITE, adj. Penitent. L. contritus, p. part, of 
 
 contero: con, together, and tritus, (p. part, of tero,") 
 
 bruised. 
 CONTRIVE. T'. To plan. F. controuver; comme, as or 
 
 like, and trouver, to find. 
 CONTROL, s. Check; restraint. F. controle; from con- 
 
 tre, against, and rolle, a list: meaning, a document 
 
 capable of discovering the errors of an account. 
 CONTROVERT, v. to dispute. L. controverto, from 
 
 contra, against, and verto, to turn. 
 CONTUMELY, s. Contempt; reproach. L. contume- 
 
 lia; from con, and tunieo, to swell, or strut. 
 CONTUSION, s. Bruise. L. contusion con, together, 
 
 and tiisus, p. part, of tundo, to beat. 
 CONVALESCENT, adj. Recovering strength. L. co7i- 
 
 valescens, part, oi convalesco, to grow strong: valeo^ 
 
 to be able. 
 CONVENE. V. To assemble. L. convenio: con, to- 
 gether, and venio, to come. 
 CONVENIENT, adj. Near; suitable. L. conveniens, 
 
 part, of conve?iw: con, together, and venio, to come. 
 CONVENT, s. A monastery, or nunnery. L. conven- 
 
 tus, p. part, of convenio. — See CONVENE. 
 CONVENTION. 5. An assembly. L. conventio.--^'$;tt 
 
 CONVENE. 
 CONVERGE. V. To tend towards one point. L. co:-:- 
 
 vergo; con, together, and ven^o, to incline. 
 
CON— COP 
 
 CONVERSANT, adj. Acquainted with, in relation to 
 things. F. conversant.^ part, of converser. — See CON- 
 VERSE. By this species of conversation, things are 
 personified. 
 
 CONVERSE'. V. To talk together. L. con-versor; from 
 con^ together, and verso, to turn often. 
 
 CON'VERSE. s. A term in geometry and logic, signi- 
 fying opposition. L. conversus, p. part, of converto.— 
 See CONVERT. 
 
 CONVERT. V. To change. L. converto: con, with, and 
 verto, to turn. 
 
 CONV^EY. V, To carry; to impart. L. conveho, to 
 carry. 
 
 CONVICT', v. To prove guilty. L. co7ivict7un, sup. of 
 convinco, to vanquish, or convict. 
 
 CONVICTION, s. Detection of guilt j state of being 
 convinced. — See CONV^ICT. 
 
 CONVINCE. V. To overcome or satisfy by argument. 
 L. convinco, to vanquish, or convince. 
 
 CONVIVIAL, adj. Social; cheerful. L. convivialis: 
 con, together, and vivo, to live. 
 
 CONVOCATION, s. An assembly summoned by au- 
 thority. L. convocatio. — See CONVOKE. 
 
 CONVOKE. V. To assemble by authority. L. convocoi 
 con, together, and voco, to call. 
 
 CONVOLUTION, s. The act or state of rolling to- 
 gether. L. convolutio.—^Qe CONVOLVE. 
 
 CONVOLVE. V. To roll one part upon another. L. con- 
 volvo: con, together, and volvo, to roll. 
 
 CON'VOY. s. A guard, when passing by land or sea; 
 things guarded. F. convoi: L. co7i, with, and F. voir, 
 to see. 
 
 CONVULSE. V. To shake violently into disorder. L. 
 convulsus, p. -^diVX.oiconvello: con, together, and vcllo^ 
 to tug. 
 
 CO-OPERATE. V. To labour or act jointly. L. con, to- 
 gether, and operate. 
 
 CO-ORDINATE, adj. Having the same rank. L. couy 
 together, and ordinatus, p. part, of ordino, to range. 
 
 COPIOUS, adj. Plentiful. L. co/iiosus: from copia, 
 plenty. 
 
 COPULA, s. In logic, signifies the word which unites 
 
COP— COR 
 
 the subject and predicate of a proposition. L. cryfiula: 
 from cofiulo^ to couple. — See COUPLE. 
 
 COPULATIVE, adj. A term in grammar and logic. 
 L. cofiulatixnis. — See COUPLE. 
 
 COPY. .9. Exact resemblance. F. cojiie: L. co/iia^ ful- 
 ness; because, a copy contains the whole matter or 
 form of the original. 
 
 COQUET, s. A female who assiduously endeavours to 
 gain admirers. F. coquette; from quettcr^ to search. 
 
 CORAM J\'O.X JUDICE. Before an improper tribunal. 
 L. coram^ before, iion^ not, J udice, abl. of judejc, a 
 judge. 
 
 CORDL\L. s. A stimulating or comforting medicine. 
 F. cordial: L. cor^ the heart. 
 
 CORDLAL. adj. Comforting; sincere; friendly. F. cor- 
 dial: L. cor^ the heart. 
 
 CORDON. 5. An extensive line of soldiers, to prevent 
 communication between different places. F. cordon^ a 
 string. 
 
 CORE. s. The inner part, generally of vegetables. F, 
 caur: L. cor., the heart. 
 
 CORNEA, s. The horny coat of the eye. L. cornea; 
 from cornu^ a horn. 
 
 CORNUCOPIA, s. A heathenish fiction, referring to 
 the horn said to have been broken off from Achelous, 
 by Hercules. L. cornucopia: cornti^ a horn, andco///a, 
 abundance. 
 
 CORNUTED. Horned. L. corniitus; cornu, a horn. 
 
 COROLLARY, s. Conclusion; surplus of a train of rea- 
 soning. L. corolla, a little crown: meaning, figura* 
 tively, that which crowns or Jin is hes the whole. 
 
 CORONATION, s. The act of crowning. L. corona, 
 a crown. 
 
 CORONER, s. An oflRcer whose duty is to inquire, on 
 the part of a sovereign, or state, how any violent or ac- 
 cidental death was caused. F. coronaire; L. corona, 
 a crown. 
 
 CORONET. 6-. The crown of a nobleman. L. corona, a 
 crown; through the Italian dim. coronetta. 
 
 CORPORAL, adj. Relating to the body. L. corfioralis; 
 corfius^ a body, or any substance. 
 
COR— COS 
 
 CORPORATION, s. A chartered company; persons 
 embodied. L. cor/iiis, a body. 
 
 CORPOREAL, adj. Bodily; not spiritual. L. coi-Jiore- 
 us. — See CORPORAL, The distinction between 
 Corporal and Corporeal, if any exist, is not strictly 
 ascertained: the latter term is sufficient; it may, 
 therefore, be used in place of the former, and is the 
 most elegant. The Latin corfiovalh and corjioreiisy 
 from which they are respectively derived, appear to 
 be synonymous. 
 
 CORPS, s. A body of soldiers; a professional body, (pro- 
 nounced core) F. corfis; L. corfius^ a body. 
 
 CORPS DIPLOMATIQUE. The diplomatic body. 
 F. corps^ a body, and dijilomatiquey diplomatic. 
 
 CORPSE, s. A dead human body. L. corfius, a body. 
 
 CORPULENT, adj. Large in flesh. L. corfiulentusi 
 from corjius^ the body, and lentus.^ heavy. 
 
 CORPUSCLE, s. A particle of matter. L. corfiuscu^ 
 lum.^ a small body; dim. of corjniS') a body. 
 
 CORRECT. X'. To amend; to punish. L. correctumy 
 sup. of corrigo: con^ and rego^ to rule. 
 
 CORRELATIVE, adj. Having reciprocal relation. L. 
 con., together, and relative. 
 
 CORRESPOND, -v. To communicate by alternate let< 
 ters ; to fit. L. cotz, together, and resjiondeo^ to an- 
 swer. 
 
 CORRIGIBLE, adj. Relating to that which can be 
 amended. F. corrigible: L. corrigo^ to set right; con-, 
 and rego.^ to govern. 
 
 .CORROBORATE, v. To strengthen by additional evi- 
 dence, L, corroboroi from con^ together, and roboros 
 to strengthen. 
 
 CORRODE, 'o. To consume slowly. L. corrodo, to 
 gnaw. 
 
 CORRUPT. «f//. Infected; depraved, h. corrii/itzis, ^i. 
 part, of cQrrzu?i/io, to spoil. 
 
 CORSE, s. A term, used by poets, to denote a dead hu- 
 man body. See CORPSE. 
 
 CORUSCANT. adj. Glittering. L. coruscans, part, of 
 coru.^coy to glitter. 
 
 COSMETIC, adj. Beautifying. F. cosmetique: G. kos" 
 metikos; from kosmco^ to adorn. 
 
COS—COU 
 
 COSMOGONY, s. The formation of the world. G. 
 kos77ios^ the world, and gone^ seed. 
 
 COSMOGRAPIIER. s. One who describes the world. 
 G. kosmos^ the world, and grajiho^ to write, or de- 
 scribe. 
 
 COSMOPOLITAN, or COSMOPOLITE, s. A citi- 
 zen of the world. G. kosjnos, the world, and /zo/z7c"5, a 
 citizen. 
 
 COTERIE, s. A select assembly of fashionable people 
 for the purpose of dancing. F. coterie^ a club; cote^ a 
 party, and rire^ to laugh, or be merry. 
 
 COTILLON, s. A species of dance. F. cotillon; mean- 
 ing, originally, a petticoat; that part of the dress being 
 m the dance, occasionally extended by the hands. 
 
 COUCH, s. A seat for repose; a bed. F. couche, a bed. 
 
 COUCHAJVT. adj. Couching; squatting. F. couchant^ 
 part, oi coiicher, to lie down. 
 
 COUNSELLOR, s. An adviser. L. consiliarius; from 
 consilium., deliberation, or advice. 
 
 COUNTENANCE, s. Form of the face; patronage. F. 
 contenance; L. con., together, and teneiis., part, of te- 
 neo.) to hold, or remain: meaning, that the entire fea- 
 tures are contemplated in one view. 
 
 COUNTER, adj. Contrary; opposite. F. contrc; L. 
 co?itray against. 
 
 COUNTERACT, v. To labour against.~-See COUN- 
 TER and ACT. 
 
 COUNTERFEIT, s. A deceitful imitation. F. conire- 
 fait^ part, of contrefaire: from cojitre, against, and 
 faire., to make. 
 
 COUNTERMAND, s. To repeal a command. F. con- 
 tremander: L. contra., against, and mando, to give 
 orders. 
 
 COUNTERMARCH, v. To march back, over the same 
 ground.— See COUNTER and MARCH. 
 
 COUNTERMINE, v. To perforate an enemy's mine; 
 to defeat one stratagem by another, — See COUNTER 
 and MINE. 
 
 COUNTERMOTION. s. Contrary motion. See 
 
 COUNTER and MOTION. 
 
 COUNTERPOISE, v. To counterbalance. See 
 
 COUNTER and POISE. 
 [7*] 
 
COU—CRE 
 
 COUNTERSIGN, v. To sign additionally, as secretan 
 
 or clerk.— See COUNTER and SIGN. 
 COUNTERTENOR, s. A term in music—See COUN- 
 
 TER and TENOR. 
 COUNTERV^AIL. v. To oppose with an equal degree 
 
 of power. L. contra^ against, and valeo^ to be able. 
 COUNTERWORK, r. To counteract.— See COUN- 
 TER and WORK. 
 COUNTY, s. A certain portion of a country. F. comjite^ 
 
 a chief, or earl, who formerly presided over the dis- 
 trict called a county. 
 COUP DE GRACE. The stroke which terminated the 
 
 sufferings of those who had been broken on the wheel. 
 
 F. cow/2, a stroke, cle^ of, grace ^ favour, or mercy. 
 COUP DE MAIJ^. A bold and sudden enterprise. F. 
 
 coup., a blow or action, c?e, of, 7nain^ the hand. 
 COUP D'CEIL. The entire view, suddenly taken. F. 
 
 coufi^ a stroke, cle, of, ceil, the eye. 
 COUPLE, s. A means of joining two things; two; a 
 
 male and his female. F. couple; L. cojiula; from co- 
 
 Jiulo, to join: co7i^ together, and pulsus, p. part, of 
 
 fiello, to drive. 
 COURIER, s, A messenger. F. courier: L. curro, to 
 
 run. 
 COURSE. 5. Race; progress; way. F. course: L. cur- 
 
 sus, a race; from curro, to run. 
 COVE. s. A recess; a circular bay. F. cove, a pigeon 
 
 hole; conver, to be hid. 
 COVENANT, s. A contract. F. convencnit, part, of 
 
 cojivcnir, to agree : L. con, together, and venio, to 
 
 come. 
 COVERT. 5. A hiding place. F. couvert, shelter: cou- 
 
 -ver, to lurk. 
 COVERT, adj. Sheltered; relating to the legal privi- 
 leges of a married woman. — See the noun. 
 COVEY, s. A brood of partridges. F. couvee: from 
 
 c Oliver, to lurk. 
 CRAZY, adj. Shattered; mentally deranged. F. ecrazc, 
 
 part, of ecraser, to break into pieces. 
 CREATE. V. To originate; to make. L. creatum, sup. 
 
 of creo, to make. 
 CREATURE, s. Thing made.— See CREATE. 
 
CRE— CRU 
 
 CREDENCE, s. Belief. L. credens^ part, oi' crcdo^ to 
 believe. 
 
 CREDEXDA. Things to be believed ; articles of reli- 
 gious faith. L. credenda; to be believed: a part, df 
 credo. 
 
 CREDENTIAL, s. That which authorizes belief. — See 
 CREDENCE. 
 
 CREDIBLE, adj. Worthy of belief. L. cr«//6///5.--Sec 
 CREDENCE. 
 
 CREDIT, s. Belief; trust; respectability; allowance. F. 
 credit; L. credilus, p. part, oi credo, to believe. 
 
 CREDITOR, s. One who has trusted. L. creditor. — ■ 
 See CREDIT. 
 
 CREDULITY, s. Incautious belief. F. credulitc.-Scc 
 CREDIT. 
 
 CREED, s. Form of belief. L. credo^ I believe; which 
 is the first word in the apostle's creed. 
 
 CRESCENT, s. A resemblance of the moon, when ap- 
 parently increasing; adj. increasing. L. crescens, part, 
 oi cresco, to increase. 
 
 CRESCIVE. adj. Increasing. L. cresco, to increase. 
 
 CREST, s. A plume of feathers; a term in heraldry; 
 curve of a horse's neck. L. crista, a tuft, or plume. 
 
 CRIMINAL, adj. Faulty; chargeable v/ith a crime. L. 
 crimen, a crime. 
 
 CRISIS, s. The height, or the turn of a disease; criti- 
 cal time. L. crisis: G. A-ris/s, judgment: because the 
 symptoms have become more evident, and an opinion 
 is the more easily formed. 
 
 CRITERION, s. A mark; a sign. G. kriterion: from 
 krites, a judge. 
 
 CRITIC, s. One who is fond of examining and observ- 
 ing. G. kritikos: krites, a judge. 
 
 CR.OSIER. s. A bishop's staff. F. crosier: L. crux, a 
 cross. 
 
 CRUCIBLE, s. A chemist's melting-pot. Low L. cru- 
 cibulum: Of. chrusos, gold; alluding to its use in melt- 
 ing this metal. 
 
 CRUCIFIX, s. A representation of Christ's death. L. 
 crucijixus: crucis, gen. of crux, a cross, and Jixus, 
 fastened. 
 
 CRUDE, adj. Unfinished; impure. L, crudus, raw. 
 
CRU— CUR 
 
 CRUISE, s. A sea-adventure. F. croise: L. crux, a 
 
 cross. The first cruisers displayed the cross, and 
 
 plundered only infidels. 
 CRURAL, adj. Belonging to the leg. F. crural: L. 
 
 cru?'is, gen. of crus^ a leg. 
 CRUSx\DE. *. An expedition against infidels. F. crci- 
 
 sade.-^See CRUISE. 
 CRYPTOGRAPHY, s. The science of writing secret 
 
 characters; ciphers. G. kru/iio, to hide, Sind grap ho, 
 
 to write. 
 CRYSTAL, s. A hard, transparent, colourless body. 
 
 F. crystal; L. ci-ystalliis; G. krustallos: from krusos, 
 
 ice. 
 CUBE. s. A regular, solid body, having six square and 
 
 equal sides, and all its angles right angles : hence, the 
 
 arithmetical term, cube-root. L. cubus : G. kubos, a 
 
 die, such as that used in gambling. 
 CUBIT, s. An ancient measure, equal to the length of 
 
 a man's arm from the elbow to the extremity of the 
 
 fingers; about eighteen inches. L. cubitum: from cu- 
 bitus, an elbow. 
 CUI BOJVO. What advantage will result? L. cui, to 
 
 what, bono, good: (dat. oi cjiiis and bonus.) 
 CUI MALO. What mischief Avill result? L. cui, to 
 
 what, malo, evil: (dat. oi guis and rnalus.) 
 CULINARY, adj. Relating to a kitchen. L. cnlina, a 
 
 kitchen. 
 CULL. XK To choose. F. cuillir, to gather. 
 CULPABLE, adj. Criminal. L. culfiabilis: culfia^ s 
 
 fault. 
 CULPRIT. *. One accused. L. culfia, a fault. 
 CULTIVATE, u. To improve. F. cultiver; L. cuU 
 
 turn, sup. of colo, to till. 
 CUM MULTIS ALUS. W^ith many other persons, 
 
 or things. L. cum, with, multis, many, aliis, others. 
 
 (abl. pi. of multus and alius.) 
 CUPIDITY, s. Unlawful desire. L. cujiiditas; cujiio, to 
 
 desire. 
 CURATE, s. A clergyman paid to officiate for a supe- 
 rior. L. curator: from cura, care. 
 CURATOR. 8. A superintendent. L. curator; cura, 
 
 care. 
 
CUR— CYM 
 
 CURB. V. To restriiin. F. courbir, to bend. 
 
 CURE. V. To heal. L. cwro; from cura, care. 
 
 CURFEW, s. A signal made in England by the Nor- 
 mans, at a certain hour in the evening, when every 
 housekeepcr must extinguish his light. F. couvri feu^ 
 cover the fire. 
 
 CURIOUS, s. Inquisitive; worthy of notice. L. curio- 
 sufi; from cura^ care, or concern. 
 
 CURRENT, adj. Passing from one to another; circu- 
 lating. L. cu?'rc7isy part, oi ciirj'o, to run. 
 
 CURRENT, s. A stream. — See the adjective. 
 
 CURSORY, adj. Hasty. L. cursorius: cursum^ sup. of 
 curro^ to run. 
 
 CUR\'E. -c^ To bend. L. curvo, to bend. 
 
 CURVET. V. To play as a horse. L. curvo, to bend. 
 
 CURVILINEAR, adj. Relating to a curved line. L. 
 curvus^ bent, and linea^ a line. 
 
 CUSTODY, s. Charge; confinement. L. custodia: from 
 ciistos,, a keeper. 
 
 CUSTOS-ROTULORUM. s. An officer who has the 
 custody of the county-records. L. custos, a keeper, 
 rotulorum, of the rolls [of written parchment or pa- 
 per.] 
 
 CUTANEOUS, adj. Relating to the skin. L. cutis, the 
 skin. 
 
 CUTICLE, s. The outermost covering of the body; 
 that very tender skin which rises in a blister. L. cud- 
 cula^ dim. oi cutis, the skin. 
 
 CUTLER. 8. One who makes, repairs, or sells knives. 
 F. coutelier: L. culter, a knife. 
 
 CYCLE, s. A circle; a revolution of time. G. kuklos, 
 a circle. 
 
 CYCLOID, s. A species of geometrical curve. G. kuk~ 
 loeides: kuklos, a circle, and eidos, a shape. 
 
 CYCLOPAEDIA, s. A book which treats of all the sci- 
 ences. G. kuklos, a circle, Sind /i aide ia, instruction. 
 
 CYGNET, s. A young swan. L. cyciius, or cygnus, a 
 swan. 
 
 CYLINDER, s. A body having two flat surfaces, and 
 one circular. L. cylindrus: G. kulindreo, to roll. 
 
 CYMBAL, s, A species of musical instrument. L. cyw-- 
 
CYN— DEC 
 
 balumj from cymba, a cup. G. kumbos^ a hollow 
 place. 
 CYNIC, s. A follower of Diogenes; a disagreeable, 
 snarling fellow. L. cy?ikiis: G. kunikos: from kuon^ 
 a dog. 
 
 D. 
 
 i3ACTYLE. s. A poetical foot, consisting of one long, 
 and two short syllables; as numtne. L. dactylus; G. 
 daktuios, a finger: alluding to the joints of a finger. 
 
 DAMN. V. To curse. L. damno^ to condemn: from 
 damninn,, injury. 
 
 DATA. Things given, or premises, as grounds of ar- 
 gument. L. data.^ (part, of do) given. 
 
 DATE. s. Period of time when an action is performed. 
 L. datus^ p. part, of do^ to give, or make. 
 
 DATIVE, adj. A case in grammar, denoting to whom 
 given. L. dativus: datus, p. part, of f/o, to give. 
 
 DAUNT. V. To intimidate. F. domiiter: L. domito., to 
 tame. 
 
 DEACON, s. One of a certain order in the church. L. 
 diaconus; G. diakoneo, to minister. 
 
 DEAN. s. One of a certain order in the episcopal church. 
 F. doyen,- L. decanus: from the G. deka, ten; because, 
 a dean was originally placed over ten prebendaries. 
 
 DEBAR. V. To prevent. F. de, from, and barre, a bolt 
 or bar. 
 
 DEBARK. V. To come on shore. F. debarquer; de^ 
 from, and barque^ a boat. 
 
 DEBASE, r. To degrade; to adulterate. L. de^ from, 
 and basis, a foundation. 
 
 DEBATE. T. To dispute; to deliberate. F. debatre: L. 
 f/e, concerning, and batno, to combat. 
 
 DEBENTURE, s. Written evidence of a debt, signed 
 on account of a state or public company. F. deben- 
 ture: L. debeo, to owe. 
 
 DEBT. s. Something due. L. debitum: from debeo, to 
 owe. 
 
 DECADE, s. The sum often. F. decades G. deka, ten. 
 
DEC— DEC 
 
 DECADENCE, s. Decline. F. decadence: L. de, from, 
 
 and caderis^ part, of cado, to fall. 
 DECALOGUE, s. The Ten Commandments. G. deka- 
 
 log-os: dekuy ten, and logos, a word. 
 DECAMP. V. To go from the site of a camp; to de- 
 part. F. decamjier: de, from, and camji, a camp. 
 DECAPITATE, v. To behead. L. decafiito; de, from, 
 
 and cafnit, the head. 
 DECAY. V. To become infirm; to rot. F. dechoir; de^ 
 
 from, and choir, to fall. 
 DECEASE, s. Death. L. decesaus: from decessus, part. 
 
 of decidor, to be cut off or concluded : de, from, and 
 
 ccedo, to cut. 
 DECEIT, s. Fraud; artifice. L. decefitio; from decefi- 
 
 tus, p. part, of decijiio: de, from, and cafiio, to take. 
 DECEIVE. V, To use deceit. L. decifiio — See DE- 
 CEIT. 
 DECEMBER, s. The twelfth month; but, formerly, 
 
 the tenth, when the year began in March. L. Decern- 
 
 ber; from decern, ten. 
 DECEMVIRATE. s. The office of the ten governors 
 
 of Rome. L. decemvir atus: decern, ten, and viri, men. 
 DECENNARY, s. A civil division, comprising, by a 
 
 law of Alfred, ten freeholders and their families. L. 
 
 decern, ten. 
 DECENT, adj. Becoming; modest. L. decens, part, of 
 
 deceo, to become. 
 DECEPTION, s. The act of deceiving. This word 
 
 conveys a less immoral meaning than deceit; though 
 
 it is derived from the same word. L. dece/itio.'-^See 
 
 DECEIT. 
 DECIDE, -f. To conclude; to determine. L. decido: de^ 
 
 from, and ccedo, to cut. 
 DECIDUOUS, adj. Losing the foliage at the end of a 
 
 season. L. deciduus: decido; de, from, and cado, to 
 
 fall. 
 DECIMx\L. adj. Numbered by ten. L. decijnus, the 
 
 tenth : decern, ten. 
 DECIMATE. V. To take the tenth part. L. decimo: 
 
 decern, ten. 
 DECISIVE, adj. Conclusive; determined. F. decisif.-^ 
 
 See DECIDE. 
 
DEC— DEF 
 
 DECLAIM. V. To speak with energy. L. declamo: cle^ 
 concerning, and cla?no, to call out. 
 
 DECLARE. V. To publish; to assert. L. declaro: from 
 de, concerning, and claro, to brighten. 
 
 DECLENSION, s. Declination; decay; inflexion of 
 nouns. L. declinatio. — See DECLINE. 
 
 DECLINE. V. To bend from; to refuse; to decay. L. 
 decHno: de, from, and clino^ to bend. 
 
 DECLIVITY, s. Inclination, reckoned downwards. L. 
 deciivitas: de, from, and clivus, a slope. 
 
 DECOCTION, s. An extract by boiling. F. decoction: 
 L. decoctum; decoquo^ to boil for a long time. 
 
 DECOMPOSE, s. To separate; to disturb. L. f/<?, from, 
 and comfiose. 
 
 DECORATE, v. To adorn. L. decoro: decor^ beauty. 
 
 DECOROUS, adj. Decent; proper. L. decorus. — See 
 DECORUM. 
 
 DECORUM. 5. Decency; propriety. L. d€coru7n; de- 
 cor^ decency. 
 
 DECREASE, v. To diminish. L. decresco; de, signi- 
 fying from, or deprivation, and cresco^ to grow. 
 
 DECREE, -v. To enact; to resolve. L. decretum, sup. 
 of decerno: de^ concerning, and cer7io, to see, or judge. 
 
 DECREPIT, adj. Infirm. L. decre/iitus: from de, and 
 crefio^ to creak, or jingle. 
 
 DECRETAL, adj. Relating to a decree. F. decretal.^-- 
 See DECREE. 
 
 DEDICATE, -v. To assign or devote to a patron; to ap- 
 propriate. L. dedico: de^ from, and dico^ to appoint. . 
 
 DEDUCE. V. To draw, in a connected series; to infer. 
 L. deduce: de, from, and duco, to draw, or bring. 
 
 DEDUCT. V. To subtract. L. deductum^ sup. of dedu- 
 co: de^ from, and duco^ to draw. 
 
 DEFACE. V. To disfigure; to erase. L. de, fi'om, and 
 face. 
 
 DE FACTO. From the fact. L. de, from, /aero, abl. of 
 factum^ a thing done.— See DE JURE. 
 
 DEFAME. V. To injure in character. L. de, from, and 
 J'aine. 
 
 DEFECT, s. Absence of something necessary; imper- 
 fection. L. defectus^ p. part, of dejicio: de^ from, and 
 facio, to cause or force. 
 
DEF— DEJ 
 
 DEFECTION, s. Desertion. L. de/ectio.>-^'SQe DE- 
 FECT. 
 
 DEFEND. V. To protect; to vindicate. L. dcfendo^ to 
 defend. 
 
 DEFER, -v. To delay. L. diffcro: dc^ from, andy^fro, to 
 carry. 
 
 DEFERENCE. .9. Respect. F. deference: de^ from, and 
 fero^ to carry, or incline: that is, to withdraw to a re- 
 spectful distance. 
 
 DEFICIENT, adj. Defective; incomplete. L. dejiciens, 
 —See DEFECT. 
 
 DEFINE. V. To explain minutely. L. dejinio: from de. 
 concerning, and fnis^ a boundary. 
 
 DEFINITE, adj. Limited; certain. L. dfjinitus. — See 
 DEFINE. 
 
 DEFINITION, s. Explanation; description. L. deJiiiU 
 tio.-^Scc DEFINE. 
 
 DEFLECTION, or DEFLEXION, s. Deviation. L. 
 defiexuH.^ p. part, of deJLecto: de, from, ?indjlect0y to 
 bend. 
 
 DEFLUXION. s. In medical language, the flow of hu- 
 mours downwards. L. dejiuxio; dejiuxus, part, of de- 
 Jluo: de, from, and^/^o, to flow. 
 
 DEFRAUD. V. To cheat. L. defraudo: fraus^ (gen. 
 fraud is) deceit. 
 
 DEGENERATE, v. To become inferior to a progeni- 
 tor. L. dec^enero: de^ from, and geiius-) a race; that is, 
 to fall from its own kind. 
 
 DEGRADE. v. To lower in rank ; to disgrace. F, de- 
 grader; L. ffe, from, and gradus^ a step, or degree. 
 
 DEGREE, s. Relative situation; rank; measure. F. dc- 
 gre; L. de^ from, and gradus, a step. 
 
 DEIFY. V. To invest with the title of a god; to adore 
 as a god. F. deljier: L. deus^ a god, and ^0, to be 
 made. 
 
 DEIST, s. One who believes in God, but not in the 
 Christian doctrines. F. deiste; from the L. deus^ God. 
 
 DEITY. *. God; also a heathen god. F. deite: L. deua.^ 
 God, or a god. 
 
 DEJECT. X'. To depress in spirits. L. dejectum.^ sup. 
 oi dejicio: de^ from, andyaczo, to throw. 
 
 DE JURE. From the law; b)r law, L. dcy from, jure^ 
 [8] 
 
DEL— DEM 
 
 abl. oi J2is, right, or law. A king- is said to be such 
 de facto ^ when in possession of the throne, however 
 obtained; and de jure,, when he has the hereditary 
 right.,— See DE FACTO. 
 
 DELECTABLE, adj. Delightful. L. delectabilis; de- 
 lecto,, to allure. 
 
 DELEGATE, v. To intrust; to appoint. L. delego; de. 
 from, and lego,, (legare^) to intrust. 
 
 DELETERIOUS, adj. Destructive; poisonous. L. de- 
 leterius; deleo,, to blot out, or destroy. 
 
 DELICATE, adj. Pleasing; soft; weak. F. delicat-y'L. 
 delicatus; delicix,, delights. 
 
 DELICIOUS, adj. Sweet; pleasant. F. delicieux. — See 
 DELICATE. 
 
 DELIGHT, -v. To please highly. L. delecto; de,, from, 
 and lac to,, to allure. 
 
 DELINEATE, v. To sketch; to describe. L. delineo; 
 from f/f, concerning, and li7iea, a line or boundary. 
 
 DELINQUENT. *. One who commits a breach of trust. 
 L. delinquens, part, of delinquo,, to omit: linc/uo, to 
 forsake. 
 
 DELIQUESCE, v. To become fluid. L. delicjuescoj 
 deliqueo,, to melt. 
 
 DELIVER. V. To release; to relate; to assign. F. de- 
 livrer: L. de,, from, and liber o, to free. 
 
 DELTOID, s. A term applied to a triangular muscle, 
 for raising the arm; delta,, (a) a letter of the Greek 
 alphabet, and eidos, shape. 
 
 DELUDE. V. To beguile. L. deludo; from r/e, concern- 
 ing, and hidoj to play, or mock. 
 
 DELUGE, s. An immense, overwhelming flood. John- 
 son derives this from the L. diluvium,, a flood; though 
 without any rational similarity in the orthography, or 
 the remotest analogy to the general mode of derivation 
 from the Latin. May it not, with more propriety, be 
 referred to de,, concerning, and lugeo,, to grieve? 
 
 DEMAGOGUE, s. A leader of the rabble. G. dema- 
 gogos; from demos, the people, and agogos, a leader. 
 
 DEMAND, -v. To claim. F. demander; L. de^ from, and 
 man do, to order. 
 
 DEMISE, s. Death. F. demis, removed; L. demissusy 
 p. part, oi demitto; de, from, and mitto, to send away. 
 
DEM— DEN 
 
 DEMOCRACY, s. Government by the people. G. de- 
 
 inokratia; from demos^ the people, and krateomai^ to 
 
 govern. 
 DEMOLISH, -v. To throw down; to destroy. L. demo- 
 
 lior; f/<?, from, and moles., a heap. 
 DEMON, s. A spirit, either g-ood or bad; a devil. G. 
 
 daimon^ a spirit: daio^ to know. 
 DEISIONSTRATE. v. To prove fully. L. demojislro; 
 
 d(?, concerning, and monstro^ to show. 
 DEMUR. V. To object. F. dcmeurer; L. dcmoror^ to 
 
 hinder. 
 DEMURE, adj. Grave; of studied gravity. F. de, of, 
 
 and ma'urs^ manners, or behaviour. 
 DEMURRAGE, s. Allowance, bj- a merchant, for the 
 
 detention of a ship beyond the time appointed.— See 
 
 DEMUR. 
 DENDROLOGY, s. Natural history of trees. G. den- 
 
 dron^ a tree, and Icg-os, a discourse. 
 DENOMINATE, v. To distinguish by a name. L. de- 
 
 nomino; de, from, and nomino^ to name: ?io?ne?i, a 
 
 name. 
 DENOTE. X'. To signify. L. dejhoto; de^ from, ^cciAiioto^^ 
 
 to mark. 
 DEJVOUEME.N-T. s. The clearing up of a plot. F. de- 
 
 noueinent; from denouer., to untie. 
 DENOUNCE, -v. To threaten, or accuse, publicly. L. 
 
 denuncio; comp, oi de, concerning, and niniiio^ to ac- 
 quaint. 
 DE J\'OVO. Afresli; over again. L. de^ from, and Jiovo,^ 
 
 abl. of 77 ovus, new. 
 DENSE, adj. Set closely together; compact. L. den- 
 
 siis; probably from de7i.s, a tooth, or denies, teeth: al- 
 luding to the 'close arrangement of the teeth. 
 DENTAL, adj. Relating to the teeth. L. dentis, gen. of 
 
 dens., a tooth. 
 DENTATED. adj. Having teeth, or the resemblance 
 
 of teeth. L. dentatus. — See DENTAL. 
 DENTIFRICE, s. Toothpowder. L. dens., a tooth, and 
 
 frico.^ to rub. 
 DENTIST, s. A tooth-surgeon.— See DENTAL. 
 DENUDATE. v. To strip. L. denudo; dcs from, and 
 
 ?2udo. to strip. 
 
DEP— DER 
 
 DEPART. V. To go away. L. de, from, and /lartio, to 
 divide. 
 
 DEPEND. V. To hang; to be connected; to rely. L. de- 
 pendeo; de, from, and /2(?/2aVo, to hang. 
 
 DEPICT. V. To describe. L. de/iictu?n, sup. o^ de/iingo; 
 de, from, and //i/2^0, to paint. 
 
 DEPLETION, s. The act of emptying. L. dejiletus, p. 
 part, oi depleo, to empty. 
 
 DEPLORE. V. To lament. L. deploro; from de, con- 
 cerning, and filoro, to bewail. 
 
 DEPONENT, s. A witness. L. deponens, part, of de~ 
 fiono; de, concerning, and/zowo, to place or allege. 
 
 DEPOPULATE, v. To unpeople. L. dejiopulor; de, 
 from , an d /2 0/2 2/ / 2^ 6- , jp eo p 1 e . 
 
 DEPORTMENT, s. Behaviour. F. de/iortement: L. 
 fiorto, to carry. 
 
 DEPOSE. V. To remove; to attest. L. defiositum, sup, 
 of dejiono; de, from, and pono^ to place; or fi?*?, con- 
 cerning, and po7io, to allege. 
 
 DEPOSIT. X'. To leave for security, or as a pledge. 
 L. depositum, sup. oi de/ioiio, to lay down or intrust; 
 o^<?, from, and/207zo, to place. 
 
 DEPOT, s. A public store-house. F. depot. — See DE- 
 POSIT. 
 
 DEPRAVE, -v. To corrupt. L. depravo: pravus, crook- 
 ed, or knavish. 
 
 DEPRECATE, -v. To pray against. L. deprecor: de. 
 from, and/27'ecar, to pray. 
 
 DEPRECIATE, v. To lower in value. L. depretio: 
 comp. of de, from, and pretio, [its usual] price. 
 
 DEPREDATION, s. Robbery. L. deprxdatio: de, from, 
 and pr<zdor, to rob. 
 
 DEPRESS, -v. To deject. L. depressum, sup. oi depri- 
 7710; de, from, u.Yid pre?no, to press. 
 
 DEPRIVE, -v. To bereave. L. de, from, and privo, to 
 take away. 
 
 DEPROXIMATE. v. To recede. L. de, from, and 
 proxiiyius, nearest. 
 
 DEPUTY, s. One acting in the place of another. F. 
 depute; L. deputatus, p. part, oi deputo, comp. of de, 
 from, and puto, to lop, adjust, or esteem. 
 
 DERELICTION, s. Desertion, L. derelktio; de, from, 
 
DER— -DES 
 
 and relectu^, p. part, of relego^ to go back; (/«?, con- 
 cerning;, 7v, ai^-ain, and le(^o^ to choose. 
 
 DERIDE. X'. To mock or scorn. L. deridco; from de^ 
 concerning, and video, to laugh. 
 
 DERISION, .sf. Mockery ; scorn. E. dcrislo; from dc- 
 risus, p. part, of dcn-ideo. — Sec DERIDE. 
 
 DERIVE. V. Originally meant to turn the course of 
 water from its natural channel ; but it now means to 
 deduce, or receive by transmission. L. derlvo; de, from, 
 and rivus, a river.* 
 
 BERjVIERE-RESSORT. Last resource. ¥. dernicry 
 the last, and ressort, a spring or wheel. 
 
 DEROGATE, v. To detract. L. derogo; dc\ from, and 
 7'og-o, to desire, or borrow. 
 
 DESCANT. V. To narra.te minutely. L. dis^ separately, 
 and canto, to repeat often. 
 
 DESCRIBE. V. To delineate. L. descrlbo; dc, concern- 
 ing, and scribo, to write. 
 
 DESERT'. T'. To forsake. L. desertum^ sup. o{ desero: 
 de, from, and sero, to spread. 
 
 DES'ERT. s. A wilderness. L. desertus, forsaken. — Sec 
 the verb. 
 
 DESERVE. V. To merit. L. deservio, to be serviceable : 
 from servus, a servant. 
 
 DESICCATE, -v. To dry. L. desicco, to dry. 
 
 DESIDERATUM, s. Something which inquiry has 
 not yet been able to ascertain or discover; something 
 desired, (pL desidey-ata.') L. desideratus, p. part, of 
 desidero, to desire. 
 
 DESIGN. V. To intend, or invent. L. design o; dc, out 
 of, and signo, to mark. 
 
 DESIGNATE, v. To distinguish; to name. L. desig- 
 natuni, sup. oi desig7io. — See DESIGN. 
 
 DESIST, -u. To cease. L. desisto; de, from, and sisto^ 
 to stop. 
 
 DESOLATE, v. To depopulate; to lay waste. L. dcso- 
 lo; from de, and solus, alone. 
 
 DESPAIR. V. To be without hope. L. desjiero; dc, sig- 
 nifying deprivation, and sjiero, to hope. 
 
 DESPERATE, adj. Without hope; rash. L. dcsfiera- 
 tus.-^^Qe DESPAIR, 
 
DES— DET 
 
 DESPICABLE, adj. Contemptible. L. desfiicabilis; de- 
 
 s/iicio^ to look down. — See DESPISE. 
 DESPISE. V. To contemn; to disrespect. Old F. de- 
 
 sfiiser; L. desfiicio^ to look down. 
 DESPOIL. V. To plunder. L. desjiolio; de, from, and 
 
 sfiolio, to plunder. 
 DESPOND, v. To despair. L. desfiondeo; de^ from, 
 
 and spondeo^ to promise freely. Despondeo signifies 
 
 not only to promise freely^ but to despair; exhibiting 
 
 a remarkable instance of perversion in the Latin 
 
 tongue. 
 DESPOT, s. An absolute monarch ; a tyrant. G. des- 
 
 potes^ a ruler, or the possessor of another's estate. 
 DESTINE, -v. To doom ; to design. L. destino^ to bind 
 
 fast together, fix, or appoint. 
 DESTITUTE, adj. Friendless; in want. L. destiintus, 
 
 p. part, of destituoi from de^ without, and statuor^ to 
 
 be placed. 
 DESTROY. T'. To lay waste: to consume. L. destriio; 
 
 de^ from, and struo, to build. 
 DESTRUCTIVE, a^y. Causing destruction. L. destruc- 
 
 tivus; from destructus-, p. part, of cffs^rwo.— See DE- 
 STROY. 
 DESULTORY, adj. Roving from place to place; in- 
 constant ; immethodical. L. desultorius: desultum^ 
 
 sup. of desilio; de., from, and salio^ to leap. 
 DETACH. V. To separate; to send away. F. detacher; 
 
 L. f/f, from, and tactinn., sup. of tango^ to touch. 
 DETAIL. V. To relate minutely. F. detailler, to cut 
 
 into pieceSa 
 DETAIN. V. To restrain; to hold. L. detinco; de, from, 
 
 and teneo, to hold. 
 DETECT. V. To discover. L. detectu?n, sup. oi detcgo^ 
 
 to uncover. 
 DETENTION, s. The act of detaining. L. detentio,-^ 
 
 See DETAIN. 
 DETER. V. To intimidate. L. deterreo; de, from, and 
 
 terreo^ to aft'right. 
 DETERGENT, adj. Cleansing. L. detergens^ part, of 
 
 deiergo; de, from, and tergo^ to wipe. 
 DETERMINE, v. To conclude ; to resolve. L. deter- 
 
 miJiOi de, concerning, and £cr?ninOj to boundj or finish* 
 
DET— DEV 
 
 DETERSIVE, adj. Cleansing. F. detersif.^^ce DE- 
 
 TERGENT. 
 DETEST. X'. To abhor. L. dctestor; de, from, and tes- 
 
 tor, to attest. 
 DETHRONE, v. To deprive of regal power. L. rfc, from, 
 
 and throne. 
 DETONATE, v. To make a loud noise, by explosion. 
 
 L. detono: comp. of de, from, and tono, to thunder. 
 DETORT. V. To wrest from the original meaning or 
 
 design. L. detortum, sup. oi dctorqueo; de, from, and 
 
 torcjueo, to twist. 
 DETRACT. V. To take away; to derogate. L. detrac- 
 
 turn, sup. oi detraho: de, from., and traho, to draw. 
 DETRIMENT, s. Loss ; damage. L. detrimentum; 
 
 from deter Oy to bruise or beat out; de^ from, and tero^ 
 
 to rub. 
 DETRUDE. IK To thrust out; to thrust down. L. de~ 
 
 trudo: de, from, and trudo, to thrust. 
 DETRUNCATE, -v. To lop off. L. detvunco; de, from, 
 
 and trunco, to cut. 
 DETRUSION. s. The act of detruding. L. detrusioi 
 
 from detrususy p. part, of detrudo. — See DETRUDE, 
 DEUCE, s. Two. F. deux; L. duo, two. 
 DEUTERONOMY, s. The second book of the law; 
 
 fifth book of Moses. G. deuteros, the second, and 710- 
 
 mosj a law. 
 DEVASTATE, v. To lay waste. L. devasto; vastus, 
 
 waste. 
 DEVELOP. V. To make known; to explain. F. develo- 
 per: L. de, from, and velum, a veil. 
 DEVEST, or DIVEST, v. To strip; (with crf.) F. de^ 
 
 vester; L- de, from, and vestis, a garment. 
 DEVIATE. V. To go out of the usual way; to err. L-, 
 
 de, from, and via, a way. 
 DEVICE, s. A stratagem; a design; an emblem. F. de*- 
 
 vise; L. de, from, and visus, the sight. 
 DEVIOUS, adj. Out of the usual track; erring. L. de- 
 
 vius.—^cc DEVIATE. 
 DEVISE. V. To contrive. F. rf^'/^^r.— -See DEVICE. 
 DEVOLUTION, s. Act of devolving. L. devolution 
 
 devolutus^ p. part, of fi^ex-o/vo,— See DEVOLVE. 
 
DEV— DIA 
 
 DEVOLVE. V. To roll from; to pass from. L. devolvo; 
 
 dcj from, and volvo^ to roll. 
 DEV^OTE. -u. To dedicate; to appropriate; to consign. 
 
 L. devotii?}!, sup. of devoveo, to vow. 
 DEVOUR, -v. To eat ravenously. L. devoro, to devour. 
 DEVOUT, adj. Religious. L. devotus. See DE» 
 
 VOTE. 
 DEXTEROUS, adj. Expert. L. dexter; from dextrc^ 
 
 the right hand. 
 DEXTRAL. adj. Relating to the right. L. dextra^ the 
 
 right hand. 
 DLA.BETES. s. A morbid copiousness of urine. G. dia- 
 
 baites; G. dia^ through, and haino^ to go. 
 DIABOLICAL, adj. Atrocious. L. diaboliciis; dlabo- 
 
 lus, the devil. 
 DIACHYLUM, s. A medical preparation, composed of 
 
 juices. G. dia, through, and chulon^ juice. 
 DIADEM, s. A royal crown. L. diadema; G. diade?na; 
 
 dia, aroundy and deo, to bind. 
 DIJLRESIS. s. The disjunction of syllables; ('") as, in 
 
 cobfierate; G. diaU'csls; from dia, through, and aireo, 
 
 to cut. 
 DIAGONAL, adj. Reaching from one corner or angle 
 
 to another, so as to divide a parallelogram into two 
 
 equal parts. G. diagoniosj dia^ through, and gG7iia^ a 
 
 corner. 
 DIAGRAM, s. Delineation of a geometrical figure. G. 
 
 dlagramma; dia^ through, and gramma, a letter, or 
 
 thing written. 
 DIAL. .9. A plate marked with the hours. L. dies, a day 
 DIALECT, s. The subdivision of a language, as the 
 
 Attic or Doric forms of the Greek; a mode of speech 
 
 which a people have chosen or adopted ; language in 
 
 general. G. dialektos; dia^ through, and lego, to. 
 
 choose. 
 DIALECTICS, a. The science of dialects; logic— See 
 
 DIALECT. 
 DIALEIPSIS. s. The cavity or space formed by a 
 
 wound. G. dla, between, and leijio, to leave. 
 DIALOGUE, s. Conversation between two or more 
 
 persons. G. diaiogos; from dia, between, and logos^ a 
 
 discourse. 
 
DIA— DIG 
 
 DIAMETER. 5. A line which divides the area of a cir- 
 cle into two equal parts. G. dia, through, and metreo^ 
 to measure. 
 
 DIAMETRICAL, adj. Describing a diameter; crossing 
 in the manner of a diameter, and hence denoting divi- 
 sion or opposition. — See DIAMETER. 
 
 DIAPASON. 5. A musical chord which includes all 
 the tones. G. rf/a, through, and jias^ all. 
 
 DIAPHRAGM, s. The midriff' which divides the up- 
 per cavity of the body from the lower. G. diafihragma; 
 diay through, and Jihragma^ a fence. 
 
 DIARRHCEA. s, A flux of the body. L. diarrhoea; 
 G. diarrhoie; comp. of rf/a, from, and rheo^ to flow. 
 
 DIARRIiCETIC. adj. Purgative.—See DIARRHCEA. 
 
 DIARY, s. A daily register. L. diarium; from dies^ a 
 day. 
 
 DICTATE. V. To speak as one having authority; to 
 direct. L. frequentative v. dicto^ to speak often : dicoy 
 to speak. 
 
 DICTION, s. Style; language. F. diction; L. dictio; 
 
 dico. 
 
 to speak. 
 
 DICTIONARY, s. A book containing the form and 
 
 explanation of words. — See DICTION. 
 DIDACTIC, or DIDACTICAL, adj. Instructive. G, 
 
 didaktikos; didasko, to teach. 
 DIi:S jVOjV. a day on which no legal proceedings can 
 
 take place, or on which public offices are shut. L. dies, 
 
 a day, and 7ion, not. 
 DIFFER. V. To disagree. L. differo; dis, asunder, and 
 
 fero^ to carry. 
 DIFFICULTY, s. Trouble; opposition. L. difficultafi; 
 
 from difficilis; disy meaning deprivation, and facilis^ 
 
 easv. 
 DIFFIDENT, adj. Distrustful. L. diffidens, part, of 
 
 diffido; dis, without, and^f/f*, faith. 
 DIFFUSE. V. To spread. L. diffusum-f sup. oi diffundo; 
 
 dis, asunder, and /undo, to pour out. 
 DIGEST. V. To arrange; to dissolve, as in the stomach. 
 
 L. digestum, sup. of digero, to divide: di, asunder, 
 
 and gero^ to carry. 
 DIGIT, s. Three-fourths of an inch. L. digitus^ a finger, 
 
 or finger's breadth. 
 
DIG— DIP 
 
 DIGNIFY. V. To exalt; to honour. L. digniis^ honour- 
 able, and^o, to be made. 
 DIGNITARY, s. A clerg-yman of high rank. F. digni- 
 
 taire: L. dignitas^ dignity: from dignus^ worthy, or 
 
 honourable. 
 DIGRESS. ~o. To turn aside. L. digressus^ part, oi di- 
 
 gredior: dis, from, and gradus^ a step. 
 DILACERATE. ik To rend. L. dilacei^o: dis, asunder, 
 
 and lacero, to tear. 
 DILATE. V. To extend; to enlarge. L. dilato: dis, asun- 
 der, and latuniy sup. o^ fero^ to carry. 
 DILATORY, adj. Slow. L. dilatarius. See DI- 
 LATE. 
 DILEMMA, s. An argument equally conclusive by 
 
 contrary suppositions; a difficult choice. G. dilemina: 
 
 dis^ double, and iem?7ia, an argument. 
 DILUCIDATE. v. To make clear. L. dilucido; from 
 
 di, signifying through, and lucidusj bright : lucis, gen. 
 
 of lux^ light. 
 DILUTE. V, To make thin. L. dilutum^ sup. of diluo^ 
 
 to temper, or mix. 
 DIME. .9. A coin of the United States of America, in 
 
 value the tenth of a dollar. Derived, through the F. 
 
 from L. decimus^ a tenth. 
 DIMENSION, s. Extent. L. dimensio: di?nensus, part. 
 
 of dimetior^ to measure. 
 DIMINISH. X'. To lessen. L. diminiio: mino?-, less. 
 DIOCESE. .9. The circuit of a bishop's jurisdiction. G. 
 
 dia^ through, and oikesis^ a habitation. 
 DIOPTRIC, adj. Affording a medium for the sight; 
 
 assisting the sight in viewing distant objects. G. dia, 
 
 through, and o/itomai, to view. 
 DIPHTHONG, s. A coalition of two vowels in one 
 
 sound. G. dijihthongos; dis^ twice, and JihthongoS'^ a 
 
 sound. 
 DIPLOMA, s. A certificate, conferring some privilege. 
 
 G. diploma: from dipl6-o^ to fold. 
 DIPLOMATIC, adj. Privileged; relating to the office 
 
 of an ambassador. F. diplomatique.- — See DIPLOMA. 
 DIPLOMATiqUE. adj. Relating to the offixe of an 
 
 ambassador. F.~See DIPLOMATIC. 
 
DIP— DIS 
 
 ©IPTOTE. s. A noun having only two cases. G. di/i- 
 tola; dis, twice, and /itosis, a case. 
 
 DIRECT, adj. Straight; immediate; express. L. direc- 
 tus, p. part. o{ dirigo: di, signifying through, and re- 
 go, to guide. 
 
 DIRUPTION. s. Act of rending. L. diruptio: dirufi- 
 ius, p. part, oi dirumpo; from dis, or di, asunder, and 
 rumfio, to break. 
 
 DISx\BLE. V. To deprive of ability. L. dis, signifying 
 deprivation, and able. 
 
 DISBURSE. V. To pay; to expend. L. dis, from, and 
 bursa, a purse. 
 
 DISASTER, s. Originally meant the supposed blast or 
 stroke of an unfavourable planet; it^now denotes mis- 
 fortune. F. disastre: L. dls, signifying separation, and 
 astruvi, a star. 
 
 DISCERN. V. To distinguish. L. discerno; dis, asun- 
 der, and ccryio, to perceive. 
 
 DISCIPLE. .9. A scholar; a follower. L. discifiulus; from 
 disco, to learn. 
 
 DISCIPLINE, s. Rule; mode. L. discijilina. See 
 
 DISCIPLE. 
 
 DISCLAIM. V. To disown; to disavow. L. dis, mean- 
 ing separation, and claim. 
 
 DISCONSOLATE, adj. Comfortless; sorrowful. L. dis, 
 meaning deprivation, and consolatus, part, of consolor^ 
 to comfort. 
 
 DISCORD, s. Disagreement. L. discordia; dis, asun- 
 der, and corda, (pi. of cor,) hearts. 
 
 DISCOURSE, s. Conversation. F. discours; from the 
 L. discursus, a running backward and forward ; dis- 
 curso; dis, from, and curro, to run. 
 
 DISCOVER, -v. To find out; to make known. L. dis^ 
 from, and cover. 
 
 DISCREET, adj. Prudent; modest. F. discret, — See 
 DISCRETION. 
 
 DISCRETION. 5. Prudence; unconditional power. L, 
 discretio; discretus, p. part, of discerno See DIS- 
 CERN. 
 
 DISCRETIVE. adj. In logic and grammar, denotes 
 disjunction, or opposition. L. discretusy severed, p. 
 part, oi discerrio. — See DISCERN. 
 
DIS— DIS 
 
 DISCRIMINATE, -v. To distinguish. This word, in 
 accordance with its derivation, should refer to the dis- 
 tinguishing of degrees of crime. L. discriminoj disy 
 asunder, and cri7iie7i^ a fault. 
 
 DISCURSIVE, adj. Desultory. L. discurso,—^&Q DIS- 
 COURSE. 
 
 DISCUSS, -u. To examine; to argue. L. discussum, sup. 
 of discutio, to shake into pieces. 
 
 DISDAIN. V. To scorn. L. dis, not, and F. daigner, to 
 condescend. 
 
 DISEASE, s. Distemper. L. dis, meaning deprivation, 
 and ease. 
 
 DISFRANCHISE, v. To deprive of a civil privilege. 
 L. dis, denoting deprivation, and franchise. 
 
 DISGORGE. V. To discharge through the mouth. L. 
 dls, from, and F. gorge ^ the throat. 
 
 DISGUISE. V. To conceal, by a counterfeit appear- 
 ance. L. dis, denoting deprivation, and F. guise^ man- 
 ner. 
 
 DISGUST, s. Aversion. L. dis^ from, and gustus, the 
 taste. 
 
 DISHABILLE, s. Undress. F. deshabille; L. dis, not, 
 and F. habille, dressed. 
 
 DISHEVEL, -v. To spread [the hair.] F. decheveler; 
 L. dis^ asunder, and ¥. chex'eu., hair. 
 
 DISINGENUOUS, adj. Uncandid; unfair. L. dis, mean- 
 ing deprivation, and ingenuous, 
 
 DISJUNCTIVE, adj. Denoting separation, or opposi- 
 tion. L. disjujictiDus; disjungo^ to separate. 
 
 DISLOCATE. X'. To put out of the proper place; to 
 disjoint. L. dU^ asunder, and loco.^ to place. 
 
 DISMISS. V. To send away. L. dis^ from, and missum^ 
 sup. of mitto^ to send. 
 
 DISPARITY, s. Inequality; unlikeness. F. disparite; 
 L. dispar., unlike: comp. of dis, denoting separation, 
 and fiar^ equal. 
 
 DISPEL. V. To drive away, by scattering; to dissipate 
 L. disfiello; dis, asunder, and /lelloy to drive. 
 
 DISPENSARY, s. A place from which medicines arc 
 given. F. dispe7isaii'e. — 'See DISPENSE. 
 
 DISPENSE. V. To distribute, (to dispense wzY/z, to ex- 
 
DIS— DIS 
 
 disc) F. dispenser; L. dis^ asunder, 2in^ fiensum^ sup. 
 
 oi fiendo, to weigh. 
 DISPENSATORY, s. A pharmacopoeia, or book in 
 
 which the composition of medicines is described and 
 
 directed.— See DISPENSE. 
 DISPERSE. V. To scatter. L. disfiersum^ sup. of dis- 
 
 pergo: dis^ asunder, and sfiai'go^ to scatter. 
 DISPOSE, -v. To distribute; to arrange; to incline. F. 
 
 disposer: L. dis^ asunder, B.nd positu?ny sup. oi' ponoy 
 
 ,to place. 
 DISRUPTION. 5. Act of rending. L. disriiptio.—Scc^ 
 
 DIRUPTION; a word which is more elegant than 
 
 disruption. 
 DISSECT. V. To cut into parts. L. dissectu?ny sup. of 
 
 disseco: dis, asunder, and seco, to cut. 
 DISSEMBLE, v. To hide under a fictitious appearance. 
 
 Old F. disseinbler; L. dissimulo: comp. oi dis^ noting 
 
 deprivation, and simiLis^ like. 
 DISSEMINATE, v. To spread. L. dissemino: dis^ 
 
 asunder, and se?7ii?io, to sow : seiyien^ seed. 
 DISSENT. V, To disagree in opinion. L. dissent io: 
 
 from dis, asunder, and sentio, to think. 
 DISSERTATION, s. A disquisition; a treatise. L. dis- 
 
 sertatio: from the frequentative v. disserto^ to argue. 
 DISSIMULATION, s. Act of dissembling. L. dissimu- 
 
 latio.-^Sec DISSEMBLE. 
 DISSIPATE. V. To disperse; to squander. L. dissipOy 
 
 to scatter. 
 DISSOLUTE, adj. Unrestrained; wanton. L. dissolu- 
 
 tiis^ p. part. o{ dissolvo. — See DISSOLVE. 
 DISSOLUTION, s. Separation; death, h. dissoludo. — 
 
 See DISSOLVE. 
 DISSOLVE. V. To unbind; to melt. L. dissolvo: dis, 
 
 asunder, and solvoy to untie. 
 DISSONANT, adj. Discordant. L. dissoyiansy part, of 
 
 dissono: from disy noting opposition, and sonoy t© 
 
 sound. 
 DISSUADE. T'. To advise against. L. dissuadeo: dis^ 
 
 from, and suadeo, to persuade. 
 DISSYLLABLE, s. A word of two syllables. G. dis, 
 
 twofold, and syllable, 
 DISTANCE, s. Intervening space ; remoteness ; respect i 
 
DIS— -DIV 
 
 reserve. P. distans: L. distantia; from dis^ asundei., 
 
 and stans, part, of sto^ to stand. 
 DISTEND. V. To stretch out in breadth. L. distendo: 
 
 dls^ asunder, and tendo, to spread. 
 DISTICH, s. A couplet. L. distichon: G. c^fs, twofold, 
 
 and stik'osj a verse. 
 DISTIL. V. To fall in drops; to make spirituous li- 
 quors. L. distillo: dis^ asunder, and stillo^ to drop. 
 DISTINCT, adj. Separate; articulate. L. distbictus, 
 
 p. part, of distinguo. — See DISTINGUISH. 
 DISTINGUISH. V. To mark; to see objects sepa- 
 
 pp^rately. L. distinguo: from dis^ separately, and tingo, 
 
 to dye or colour. 
 DISTORT. V. To writhe; to deform. L. disiortum^ 
 
 sup. of distorqueo: dis, from, and tor^gueo^ to twist. 
 DISTRACT. V. To divide; to perplex; to make insane. 
 
 L. distractum^ sup. of distraho: comp. of cf/5, asun- 
 der, and trahoy to draw. 
 DISTRAIN. X'. To seize legally. L. distrijigo, to bind 
 
 fast. 
 DISTRESS, s. Legal seizure; misery. F. disti-esse: L. 
 
 districtus, p. part, oi distringo. — See DISTRAIN. 
 DISTRIBUTE, v. To divide amongst more than two. 
 
 L. distribuo: dis, asunder, and tribuo^ to bestow. 
 DISTRICT, s. Circuit of authority; province; division. 
 
 L. districtus, p. part, oi distringo, to bind. 
 DISTURB, s. To disquiet. L. disturbo: disy separately* 
 
 and turboy to disorder: turba^ a crowd. 
 DIURETIC, adj. Promoting urine. F. diuretique: G, 
 
 diouretikos: comp. of c/m, from, and oureoy to make 
 
 water. 
 DIURNAL, adj. Daily. L. diur7ius; from dies^ a day. 
 DIVERGE, -u. To tend various ways from one point. L. 
 
 divergo: di, from, and vergo, to decline, or bend. 
 DTVERS.— See DIVERSE. 
 DIVERSE', adj. Different; in various directions. L. di- 
 
 versus, p. part, of diver to: di, asunder, and verto, to 
 
 turn. 
 DIVERT. V. To turn aside; to amuse. L. diverto: 
 
 comp. of di, from, and verto, to turn. 
 DIVEST. V. — See DEVEST; which is more conform- 
 able with the derivation, and more generally used. 
 
DIV— DOM 
 
 DIVIDE. V. To separate; to give in shares. L. dividuo: 
 comp. of c//, asunder, and an Etrurian verb, iduo^ to 
 separate. 
 
 DIVIDE ET IMPERA. Divide and govern :— the 
 maxim of nearly all monarchal governments. L. di- 
 ■vidc^ (imperative of divldo^ divide, tt^ and, imjiera^ 
 (imperative of imfitro^ govern. 
 
 DIVIDEND. 6'. In arithmetic, the number to be divided ; 
 a share ascertained by division. L. dividcndus^ to be 
 divided: part, oi dh'ido, 
 
 DIVINE, adj. Heavenly. L. divinus: divi^ the gods. 
 
 DIVINE, -u. To foretel, as by divine inspiration. — See 
 • the adjective. 
 
 DIVISION, s. The act of dividing; partition; dis- 
 union. L. divisio: drvisus, p. part, of divido. — See 
 DIVIDE. 
 
 DIVORCE, s. Legal separation of husband and wife. 
 F. divorce: L. dix'orsiis, p. part, of divorto^ (synony- 
 mous with dl-verto.,') to turn away. 
 
 DIVULGE, -u. To reveal. L. divulgo: di, meaning 
 amongst, and zmlg-us, the common people. 
 
 DOCILE, adj. Tractable. F. docile: L. docilis; doceo. 
 to teach. 
 
 DOCTOR, s. One who has received a collegiate diplo- 
 ma for his skill in divinity, law, physic, 8cc. L. doctor, 
 a teacher; from doceo^ to teach. 
 
 DOCTRINE, s. That which is taught. L. doctrina.-^ 
 See DOCTOR. 
 
 DOCUMENT, s. Written evidence, or means of infor- 
 mation. L. docinyientum: from doceo^ to teach. 
 
 DOGMA. ,9. Established principle; doctrinal notion. G. 
 doi':ma., a command. 
 
 DOGMATICAL, adj. Authoritative.— See DOGMA. 
 DOLEFUL, adj. Sorrowful. L. doleo.^ to grieve. 
 DOLOROUS, adj. Sorrowful; gloomy. L. dolor .^ pain, 
 
 or sorrow. 
 DOMAIN, s. Dominion; estate; demesne. F. domaine; 
 L. dominium: from dominiis.^ a master; domus-j a 
 house. 
 DOME. 8. A house; a large cupola. F. dome: L. domufs, 
 a house. 
 
DOM— DRA 
 
 DOMESTIC, adj. Relating to home. L. domesticus; 
 domus, a house. 
 
 DOMICILIARY, adj. A domiciliary visit is an intru- 
 sion, by governmental authority, into a dwelling 
 house. F. domicile^ a habitation: domus^ a house. 
 
 DOMINANT, adj. Predominant; ascendant. F. domi- 
 7ia7it^ part, of domiyier. — See DOMINEER. 
 
 DOMINEER. X'. To rule, or command with insolence. 
 F. dominer: L. dominor^ to govern: dominus-) a mas- 
 ter; domus., a house. 
 
 DOMINICAL, adj. That which marks Sunday. L. do^ 
 minicalis; Dominus.^ the Lord. 
 
 DOMINION. 6'. Sovereign power; territory. L. domi- 
 nium: dominus^ a master. 
 
 DONATION, s. A gift. L. donatio: dona, to give. 
 
 DONOR, s. A giver. L. dono^ to give. 
 
 DORMANT, adj. Sleeping; inoperative; concealed. F. 
 dormant.) part, of dormir^ to sleep : L. dorinio^ to sleep, 
 
 DORMITIVE. adj. Promoting sleep. Y. dormltif: L. 
 dormlo^ to sleep. 
 
 DORMITORY, s. Sleeping-room. L. dor7jiitoriu77i: dor- 
 mio., to sleep. 
 
 DORMOUSE, s. A mouse which sleeps during part 
 of winter. L. dorinio, to sleep, and mouse. 
 
 DOSE. s. A prescribed quantity. F. dose: G. dosis, an 
 allowance. 
 
 DOSOLOGY. 5. A treatise on the quantity of medicine 
 to be taken at one time. G. dosis^ a dose, and logos, a 
 discourse. 
 
 DOUBLE JEA'TEA'DRjE. s. An obscene allusion hi 
 disguise. F. double, double, and entendre, to under- 
 stand. 
 
 DOUCEUR. 5. A bribe; compensation. F. douceur. 
 sweetness. 
 
 DOWER, s. A wife's marriage-portion, or a widow's 
 possession. F. douaire: doner, to bestow^ 
 
 DOXOLOGY. s. A form of glorifying God. G. doxu, 
 glory, and logos, a word. 
 
 DRAMA, s. A theatrical representation. G. drama: 
 drao, to act. 
 
 DRAPER. 5. One who sells cloth. F. drapieri from 
 draft, cloth. 
 
DRA— DUR 
 
 DRAPERY, s. Cloth; ornamental part of curtains; imi- 
 tation of dress by a painter or statuary. F. dra/ieric: 
 dra/i, cloth. 
 
 DROPSY, s. A collection of water in the body. L. //y- 
 dro/is: G. hudor^ water, and ofis^ an appearance. 
 
 DRUID, s. One of the priests who worshiped in groves; 
 called, by Ccesar, druides; supposed from the G. driis^ 
 an oak. 
 
 DRYADS, s. Wood-nymphs. L. dryades; G. druades: 
 from drus^, an oak. 
 
 DUBIOUS, adj. Doubtful; uncertain. L. dubliis: from 
 duhiujyi^ a doubt: duo., two. 
 
 DUCTILE, adj. Flexible; easily extended. L. ductilis; 
 from diicoy to draw. 
 
 DUEL. s. A combat between two persons. F. duel: L. 
 due Hum: duo, two. 
 
 DULCET, adj. Sweet; harmonious. L. dulcis, sweet. 
 
 DULCIMER. 6-. A musical instrument. L. dulcis, 
 sweet. 
 
 DUODECIMO, s. A book formed by folding a sheet of 
 paper into twelve leaves. (12mo.) L. duodecimus, the 
 twelfth. 
 
 DUPLICATE, s. A copy, generally the first. L. dupn- 
 cat7is.) p. part, duplico, to double. 
 
 DUPLICITY, s. Deceit by using two appearances. F. 
 d^ifilicite; L. dufilicis, gen. of duplex.) double; duo, 
 two, and filico, to fold. 
 
 DURABLE, adj. Lasting. L. durabilis; duro, to con- 
 tinue. 
 
 DURANCE, s. Imprisonment. L. durans, part, of duro, 
 to remain. 
 
 BVRAjYTE BEA'E PLACITO. At the will of the 
 person granting; — literally, "our decree, or pleasure 
 happily continuing." L. 
 
 DURING, prefi. For the time of the continuance of. 
 L. duro, to continue. During is often improperly 
 used: it it ungrammatical to say, that an event oc- 
 curred " during the war," or " during his confine- 
 ment," because the term during includes the whole 
 period of the war, or the whole period of the con- 
 finement, and an event happens in only a iiart of that 
 period. 
 
 [9»] 
 
DYN—ECS 
 
 DYNASTY, s. Sovereignty F. dyjiasties G. dunasteia, 
 from du7iastes^ a ruler. 
 
 DYSENTERY, s. A disorder of the bowels. L. dysen- 
 tcria; G. dusenteria; Q^w*, with difficulty, and enterouy 
 a bowel. 
 
 DYSPEPSIA, or DYSPEPSY. s. Imperfect digestion. 
 G. dusfiefisia; dus^ with difficulty, and peljto^ to di- 
 gest. 
 
 E. 
 
 EBRIETY. 8. Drunkenness. L. ebrietas^ drunkenness. 
 
 EBULLITION, s. Act of boiling up wdth heat; effer- 
 vescence. F. ebullition; L. ebullio^ to boil, or bubble 
 up: e, from, and bulla^ a bubble. 
 
 ECCE HOMO. Behold the man. L. ecce, Lo ! homo, 
 the man. 
 
 ECCENTRIC, adj. Deviating from the centre; irregu- 
 lar; uncommon. L. eccentricusj ex, from, and ceyi- 
 trum, a centre. 
 
 ECCLESIASTICAL, adj. Relating to the church. L, 
 ecclesiasticus; G. ekklesia, the church. 
 
 £CCE SIGJ\^UM. Behold the sign, or mark. L. ecce, 
 Lo ! signum, the sign. 
 
 ECLAIRCISSEMEjYT, oy ECLAIRISSEMEJ^T. s. 
 Explanation. F. eclaircissement: eclaircir, to clear: 
 eclairer, to give light. 
 
 ECLAT, s. Publicity; lustre. F. eclat, a crack. 
 
 ECLECTIC, adj. Selecting. G. eklektikos: ek, out of, 
 and lektos, chosen; from lego, to choose. 
 
 ECLIPSE, s. The obscuring of a heavenly luminary by 
 interposition. G. ekleifisis: ekleifio, to desert. 
 
 ECLIPTIC, s. A great circle of the sphere, supposed 
 to run through the middle of the zodiac, making an 
 angle with the equinoctial of about 23^ degrees ; 
 which is the sun's greatest declination, and in which 
 his eclipses happen. G. ekleiptikos. — See ECLIPSE. 
 
 ECONOMY, s. Management; frugality. G. oikono77iia: 
 oikos, a house, and riomos, a law. 
 
 ECSTASY, or EXTASY. s. Rapture. G. eketasls: from 
 ek^ out, and ataxia, standing. 
 
EDI— EFF 
 
 EDIBLE, adj. Proper to be eaten. L^ edoy to eat. 
 EDICT, s. A command; a law. L. edictuni: c, from, and 
 
 dicoy to say. 
 EDIFICE, s. A structure. L. cddijiciinn: tedis, a build- 
 ing, and yb:c?o, to make. 
 EDITION, s. Publication; meaning, the whole number 
 
 of copies of a book printed from one arrangement of 
 
 the types. L. editio: cdo, to publish; e, from, and do^ 
 
 to give. 
 EDITOR, s. Publisher; one who superintends a publi- 
 cation. L. editor: edo, to publish. 
 EDUCATE. V. To instruct. L. educo: e^ out of (mean- 
 ing forward) and duco^ to lead. 
 EFFACE. -0. To erase. F. effacer: L. e", from, and fa~ 
 
 ciesy a face. 
 EFFECT, s. Consequence; success; design; reality. 
 
 L. effectiiSy p. part, of efficio: e^ from, and facio^ to 
 
 make. 
 EFFEMINATE, adj. Unmanlike; womanish. L. effemz- 
 
 natus: feminay a woman. 
 EFFERVESCE, v. To boil gently; to bubble. L. cf- 
 
 fervescoy to ferment; from fcrvco^ to be hot. 
 EFFICACIOUS, adj. Remedial. L. eJjica.T.—See EF^ 
 
 FECT. 
 EFFICIENT, adj. Producing an eifect. L. efficiens.-^ 
 
 See EFFECT. 
 EFFIGY, s. An image. L. ejjiigies: from ejjingo, to 
 
 fashion. 
 EFFLORESCENT, adj. Shooting out in the form of 
 
 flowers. L. eJ2orescensj part, oi effioresco: Jloris^ gen. 
 
 oijlosy a flower. 
 EFFLUVIA, s. Ascending particles; smell. L. pi. of 
 
 effluvium; from effluo. — Sec EFFLUX. 
 EFFLUX, s. Act of flowing out; thing which flows out, 
 
 L. effluxusiy p. part, of effluo; comp. of f, from, and 
 
 jiuoy to flow. 
 EFFORT, s. Laborious endeavour. F. effort; L. fors.^ 
 
 strength. 
 EFFULGENT, adj. Shining; luminous. L. effulgeiis^ 
 
 part, of effulgeo; e, out of, ^Xi(l fulgeo^ to shine. 
 EFFUSION, s. Act of pouring out. L. effusio; effusus., 
 
 p. part, of effu7idos «>, from, and fundo^ to pour. 
 
EGO— ELL 
 
 EGOTIST. *. One who talks much concerning himself, 
 
 L. ego, L 
 EGREGIOUS, adj. ReiTiarkable; eminently bad: the 
 
 latter is the usual sense. L. egreghts; e, out of, and 
 
 gregCy abl. o^ grex^ a flock, or multitude. 
 EGRESS. *. Departure; means of departure. L. egres- 
 
 sus, part, of egredior; c, from, and gradior, to pro- 
 ceed: gradus, a step. 
 EJACULx\TE. V. To utter suddenly. L. ejaculor; e, 
 
 from, and y'acM/or, to dart: jacio, to throw. 
 EJECT. V. To throw out; to expel. L. ejectum, sup. of 
 
 ejicio; e, from, and ^V/c/o, to throw. 
 ELABORATE, adj. Finished with great diligence. L. 
 
 elaboratus, p. part, of elaboro, to labour: e, from, and 
 
 labor., labour. 
 ELAPSE. 1). To pass away. L. elafisus.^ part. q{ elabor; 
 
 <°, from, and labor, to glide. 
 ELASTIC, adj. Having the power of a spring. F. elas- 
 
 tique; G. elao, to repel. 
 ELATE, adj. Elevated by success. L. elatus, p. part, of 
 
 effero; ex, from, and y>ro, to carry. 
 ELECT, -v. To choose. L. electum, sup. of eligo; c^ 
 
 from, and lego, to choose. 
 ELECTRIC, adj. Relating to electricity. L. electrum, 
 
 amber, (which is attractive ;) G. elko, to draw. 
 ELEEMOSYNARY, adj. Given through charity. G. 
 
 eleemosiine; eleos, compassion. 
 ELEGANT, adj. Pleasing; handsome. L. elegans; 
 
 comp. of €, from, and lego, to chcose. 
 ELEGY, s. A funeral song. L. elegeia; G. elegos; from 
 
 eleos, pity. 
 ELEVATE. V. To raise; to enliven. L. elevo: c, from, 
 
 and levo, to lift. 
 ELE'VE. s. Disciple. F. eleve; eleuer, to raise. — See 
 
 ELEVATE. 
 ELICIT. V. To strike out. L. ellcio, to draw, or strike 
 
 out. 
 ELIGIBLE, adj. Desirable. L. eligibills; e, from, and 
 
 lego, to choose. 
 ELISION, s. The act of cutting out; as in ivalk\l, for 
 
 ivalked. L. elisio; eliszis, p. part, of elido, to strike out. 
 ELLIPSIS, s. A figure of rhetoric, by which something 
 
ELL— EME 
 
 is left out ; in geometry, an oval figure, generated from 
 
 the section of a cone : G. ellei/wls; cn^ in, and iei/io, 
 
 to fail. 
 ELLIPTIC, or ELLIPTICAL, adj. Not completely 
 
 round; oval.^ — See ELLIPSIS. 
 ELOCUTION, s. Art of speaking with elegance and 
 
 force. L. elocutio: e, out, and loquor^ to speak. 
 ELOQUENT, adj. Having the power of fluent, ele- 
 gant, and convincing language. L. eloquens. — See 
 
 ELOCUTION. 
 ELUCIDATE, xk To explain. L. elucido: e, from, and 
 
 luceo^ to give light: lujc.^ light. 
 ELUDE, v. To avoid ; to escape. L. eludo: c, from, 
 
 and ludo.1 to play, or mock. 
 EMACIATED, adj. Wasted; lean. L. emacio^ to make 
 
 lean: macks., leanness. 
 EMANCIPATE, -v. To set free. L. emancifio: c, from, 
 
 and mancipo^ to give away. 
 EMBARK. V. To go on shipboard; to adventure. F. 
 
 embarguer: en^ into, and barque^ a large boat. 
 EMBASSY, s. A public message. F. ambassade.-^^QC 
 
 AMBASSADOPv. 
 EMBELLISH, v. To adorn. F. embellir: en, into, and 
 
 belie, handsome. 
 EMBLEM, s. A distinguishing sign. G. embleuia, a 
 
 kind of insertion work, — alluding to the embroidery 
 
 of a standard, or coat of arms. 
 EMBOSS. V. To embroider; to engrave with relief. F. 
 
 en, into, and bosse, a protuberance. 
 EMBRACE. V. To fold in the arms; to include. F. ein- 
 
 brasser: from en, in, and bras, an arm. 
 EMBRYO, s. The incipient formation in the womb: 
 
 {^foetus, signifies the child in the womb, after it is per- 
 fectly formed.) G. embruyon: en, in, and bruo, to 
 
 grow. 
 EMENDATION, s. Correction. L. emendatio: e, from, 
 
 and menda, a fault. 
 EMERGE, -v. To issue. L. emergo: comp. of e, from* 
 
 and margo, a brink. 
 EMERGENCE, or EMERGENCY. 8. Sudden occa^ 
 
 sion.— See EMERGE. 
 
EME— ENC 
 
 EMETIC, adj. Of a vomiting quality. F. emetique: G 
 emeo, to vomit. 
 
 EMIGRATE, v. To change the place of abode. L. emi- 
 gro: d", from, and migro^ to remove. 
 
 EMINENCE, s. Height; a high place; dignity. L. emi- 
 nens^ part, oi emineo, to stand above others: e, from, 
 and minuo^ to lessen; meaning, the apparent diminu- 
 tion of objects. 
 
 EMINENT, adj. High; conspicuous. See EMI- 
 NENCE. 
 
 EMISSARY, s. One sent out on secret business; a 
 spy. L. eviissarius: from cmissus^ p. part, of emiito; 
 comp. off, from, and mitto^ to send. 
 
 EMIT. V. To issue. L. emitto, e, from, and mitto, to 
 send. 
 
 EMOLLIENT, adj. Softening. L. emolliens; 7nolUs^ 
 soft. 
 
 EMOLUMENT, s. Profit. L. emolumentum; comp. of 
 ^, from, and molimejitu??!, an enterprise : 7nollor, to 
 toil. 
 
 EMPEROR, s. A monarch, generally supposed to reign 
 over many countries. F. emfiereur; L. imfierator^ 
 meaning originally a commander or ruler: from imp.e- 
 ro., to rule. 
 
 EMPIRE, s. Government; territory governed. F. fw- 
 /2ire.— See EMPEROR. 
 
 EMPIRIC, s. A quack; F. emfiirique ; G. emfieirikos; 
 en^ in, and peira., an experiment, 
 
 EMPORIUM. 5'. A place of merchandise; a commer- 
 cial city. G. emfLorioji; emfioros^ a merchant. 
 
 EMPYREAN, s. The highest heaven. G. empuros; en. 
 in, and pur., fire. 
 
 EMPYREUM. *. The disagreeable burned taste and 
 smell, which sometimes remains after boiling or distil- 
 lation. G. empureuma; en, in, and /zwr, fire. 
 
 EMULATE. V. To rival. L. (Himilor., to rival. 
 
 ENAMEL. V. To inlay. F. einailler; from inaille^ 
 speckled. 
 
 ENAMOUR, -v. To inflame with love. F. en., into, and 
 amour^ love: L. in and amor. 
 
 ENCLITICS, s. Particles which are closely united with 
 other words, and throw back the accent upon the 
 
ENC— ENF 
 
 ' foregoing syllable. G. cnklitika; en^ in, or upon, and 
 
 klino, to recline. 
 ENCLOSE. V. To envelop; to surmund. F. enclosy 
 
 part, of enclorre^ to enclose. — See INCLOSE, 
 ENCOMIUM. 8. Praise. G. enkomion; from komazo^ 
 
 to celebrate in song. 
 EXCORE. Again. F. 
 ENCOUNTER, s. Conflict. F. eiicontre; L. contra^ 
 
 against. 
 ENCROACH. V. To invade another's right; to pass 
 
 bounds. F. accrocher^ to catch: croc^ a hook. 
 ENCUMBER, v. F. encombrer.'—^eQ INCUMBER. 
 ENCYCLOPEDIA, s. The circle of sciences; a work 
 
 containing information on every science. G. enkuk- 
 
 lofiaideia.^^c^ CYCLOPAEDIA. 
 ENDEMIC, adj. Relating to a disease which is natural 
 
 to a country. G. endemos; en, in, and demos, the peo- 
 ple. 
 ENDORSE. V. To write on the back of a bill, &c. F. 
 
 endosscr, (formerly endorser;') en, in, and dos, the 
 
 back: L. in, and dorsum. 
 ENDOW. X'. To enrich by a gift. F. endouaire. — See 
 
 DOWER. 
 ENDURE. V. To continue; to sustain. F. endurer; L. 
 
 in, in, and duro, to continue. 
 ENERGY, s. Natural power; force. G. energeia; en, 
 
 in, and ergon, work. 
 ENERVATE, v. To weaken; to effeminate. L. ener- 
 
 ■vus: comp. of e, from, and nervus, a sinew. 
 E.N' FAMILLE. In the usual family mode ; without 
 
 ceremonv. F. en, according as, famille, the family. 
 ENFILADE, -v. To pierce from flank to flank. F. enji- 
 
 ler; en, in, and Jile, a row. 
 jEA^ flute, a vessel is said to be armed en Jlute, 
 
 when she carries only her upper tier of guns; her 
 
 hold being filled with stores. Flute is a kind of long 
 
 vessel, serving chiefly for the carrying of provisions 
 
 in fleets of ships of war, and is supposed to be derived 
 
 from a German word, signifying to float. F. en, in the 
 
 manner of, flute, a flute. 
 ENFRANCHISE, -v. To admit to all the privileges of 
 
ENG— ENU 
 
 a freeman; to invest with the elective privilege. F. 
 en, into, 2iwdi franchise^ freedom. 
 
 ENGINE, s. A machine. F. ejigin; L. ingenium, a con- 
 trivance. 
 
 ENGRAVE. V. To cut figures in any substance. F. en- 
 graver; G. en, into, and grafiho^ to write. 
 
 ENGROSS, -v. To monopolize; to copy in a larger 
 cha,racter. F. grossir^ to enlarge. 
 
 ENIGMA, s. An obscure question; a riddle. G. am/^- 
 ma, an obscuits speech. 
 
 EJV MJSSE. In a body: a military levy en masse, in- 
 cludes the whole population capable of bearing arms, 
 F. en, in, masse, a mass. 
 
 EJVjYUI. s. Weariness. F. 
 
 ENORMOUS, adj. Irregular; extremely large. L. e, out 
 of, and norjjia, a rule. 
 
 ENTANGLE, v. To involve; to confuse. F. en, (used 
 for the L. in,) and L. tangor, to be beaten together. 
 
 ENTEROLOGY. s. An anatomical description of the 
 intestines. G. enteron, an intestine, and logos, a de- 
 scription. 
 
 ENTERPRISE. 5. Arduous attempt. F. entreiirise; en- 
 trefirendre, to undertake. 
 
 ENTERTAIN, v. To amuse; to treat hospitably; to 
 cherish in the mind. F. entretenir; L. inter, amongst, 
 and teneo, to hold, or retain. 
 
 ENTHUSIASM, s. Heat of imagination; violence of 
 passion; elevation of fancy. G. enthusiasiyios; en, in, 
 and thusiazo, to sacrifice. Enthusiasm may be con- 
 sidered as an internal burning of oneself in sacrifice; 
 as a passion which induces one to believe any thing, 
 or attempt any thing, through a violent love of some 
 object. 
 
 ENTIRE, adj. Whole; complete. F. entier; L. integer, 
 whole. ' 
 
 EjVTRE .¥0175. Between ourselves; in secrecy. F. en- 
 f7'e, between, ?ious, us. 
 
 ENTREPOT, s. An intermediate place of deposit. F. 
 entrefiot; L. inter, between, and fiositus, p. part, of 
 pono, to place. 
 
 ENUMERATE, v. To mention singly; to reckon. L. 
 ^numero; e, out of, and numero, to reckon. 
 
ENU— EPI 
 
 ENUNCIATION, .v. Act of announcing. L. cnunciacio, 
 
 —See ANNOUNCE. 
 ENVELOP. V. To inwrap; to conceal. F. envelofier; 
 
 L. ?7z, in, and veto, to cover. 
 ENVIRON. X'. To surround. F. envirouner; virer^ to 
 
 go around. 
 ENVOY, s. A public messenger; an ambassador. F. en- 
 
 voyc; from en^ into, and voir^ to sec. 
 EPACT. s. A number by which we note the excess of 
 
 the common solar year above the lunar, and ascertain 
 
 the age of the moon. G. efiakte^ a supplement. 
 EPAULET, s. A military shoulder-ornament. F. ejiau* 
 
 lette; ejiaule^ the shoulder. 
 EPHEMERAL, adj. Of one day*s continuance. G. efihe- 
 
 merios; efii^ through, and hemera^ a day. 
 EPHORI. s. Five magistrates of Sparta, who inspected 
 
 the conduct of the kings and the people. G. efihoroi; 
 
 cjihoros^ an inspector: e^ii, over, and horao^ to see. 
 EPIC. adj. Relating to a narrative, not acted, as the 
 
 drama, but merely read or spoken by one person : in 
 
 its general sense, it now refers to an heroic poem. L. 
 
 efiicus; G. epos, a word, or song. 
 EPICURE, s. A person fond of luxury. Ejiicuriis^ a 
 
 Grecian, the founder of the Epicureans. 
 EPIDEMIC, adj. Generally prevailing. G.e/ii, through, 
 
 and demos, the people. 
 EPIGRAM, s. A short poem, ending in some point of 
 
 wit. G. e/ii, upon, and gramma, a letter. 
 EPILEPSY, s. A convulsive fit, G. epilejisia; e/z/, upon, 
 
 and lamhano, to seize. 
 EPILOGUE, .s. A poem or speech after the conclusion 
 
 of a play. G. ejii, upon, (that is, concerning,) and lo' 
 
 gos, a word. 
 EPIPHANY. *. A church festival on the twelfth day after 
 
 Christmas. G. efiijikaneia; efii, upon, and phaino, to 
 
 appear. 
 EPISCOPAL, adj. Relating to a bishop. L, cfiiscofia- 
 
 lis; G. e/tisko/ios, an overseer : ejii, over, and sko/ieo^ 
 
 to look. 
 EPISODE. 5. A digression in a poem. G. episode; epi^ 
 
 beside, and ode, a song. 
 [10] 
 
EPI—EQU 
 
 EPISTLE, s. A solemn letter. G. e/iisiole, a letter: e/u,^ 
 
 upon, and stello, to send. 
 EPITAPH, s. Inscription upon a tomb. G. e/2/, upon, 
 
 and tap has, a tomb. 
 EPITHALAMIUM. s. A marriage song. G. efii, 
 
 upon, and thalamos^ a bridal chamber. 
 EPITOME', s. An abridgment. G. efiitome; efii, into, 
 
 and temno^ to cut. 
 EPOCH, or EPOCPIA. s. The time at which a new 
 
 computation is begun. L. efiocha^ G. efioche; efii^ 
 
 upon, and echo^ to hold. 
 EQUANIMITY, s. Evenness of mind. L. equanimi- 
 
 tas-; from aquus^ equal, and animus^ the mind. 
 EQUATION, s. A term in algebra and astronomy, 
 
 denoting equalisation. L. (squatlo; from xquns^ equal. 
 EQUATOR, s. The imaginary circle which divides the 
 
 globe into two equal parts, called the northern and 
 
 southern hemispheres. L. equator; from cequus^ equal. 
 EQUERRY, s. Master of the horse. L. equarius, per- 
 taining to a horse: equus^ a horse. 
 EQUILATERAL, adj. Having all sides equal. L. (Squa 
 
 latera^ equal sides: equus^ and latus. 
 EQUILIBRIUM, s. Equipoise; equality of weight. L. 
 
 eqiiilibrium: xquus^ equal, and libra^ a balance. 
 EQUINOX, s. The time when the sun crosses the 
 
 equator, and the night is of the same length as the 
 
 day. L. aquus^ equal, and nox^ a night. 
 EQUIP. V. To furnish for a horseman; to furnish in ge- 
 neral. F. equifier: L. equus^ a horse. 
 EQUIPAGE, s. Furniture of a horseman: but, more 
 
 generally, a splendid carriage and the horses ; or table 
 
 furniture. F. eqiiifiage. — See EQUIP. 
 EQUIPOISE, s. Equilibrium; equality of weight, or of 
 
 power. L. cequus^ equal, and F./wids, weight. 
 EQUITY, s. Justice; mode of decision in a court of 
 
 justice, without observing the precise dictates of the 
 
 law. L. (dquitas: from ceqiius^ equal. 
 EQUIVALENT, adj. Of equal value, or power. L. 
 
 cequus^ equal, and vale7is^ part, oivaleo, to avail. 
 EQUIVOCAL, adj. Capable of being construed in dif- 
 ferent senses; uncertain. I... (Sqiiivocus: aquiisy equal, 
 
 and vojC) a voice. 
 
ERA— EST 
 
 ERADICATE, v. To destroy entirely. L. eradico: e, 
 
 from, and radix^ a root. 
 ERASE. V. To expunge. L. <?, from, and rasum^ sup. 
 
 of rado^ to scrape. 
 ERR. V. To deviate ; to mistake. L. erro^ to wander. 
 ERRATA, s. Errors. L. pi. of erratum; from erratus.^ 
 
 part, oierro. — See ERR. 
 ERRATIC, adj. Wandering. L. erraticus. — See ERR. 
 ERRONEOUS. «r//. Incorrect: l^.erroneus. — See ERR. 
 ERUDITION, s. Knowledge obtained by learning. L. 
 
 crudltio; from eruditus^ p. part, oi erudio^ to instruct; 
 
 com]), of (?, from, and rudis^ untaught. 
 ERUPTION, s. Breaking forth; a cutaneous disease. 
 
 L. erufitio: erufitus^ p. part, oi eriuiifio: e^ from, and 
 
 rmnfio^ to break. 
 ERYSIPELAS, s. An eruption of a hot, acrid humour, 
 
 chiefly in the face. G. eriisifielas: eruo^ to draw, and 
 
 fielas^ adjoining; because, ihe neighbouring parts arc 
 
 affected by the eruption. 
 ESCALADE. *. Act of scaling the walls of a fortified 
 
 place. F. escalade: from echelle^ a ladder. 
 ESCORT. V. To convoy. F. escorter. 
 ESCRITOIRE, s. A writing-desk. F. ecritoir, (for- 
 
 merly escritoire;) from ecrire^ to write. 
 ESCULENT, adj. Eatable. L. esculentics: esculenta, 
 
 food. 
 ESPECIAL, adj. Particular.— See SPECIAL. 
 ESPOUSE. V. To marry; to abet. F. e/wuser: (formerly 
 
 es/iouser;') ejiouse, a wife. 
 ESQUIRE. .9. The attendant, or armour bearer, of a 
 
 knight; a title applied, in the British empire, to some. 
 
 of the younger sons of noblemen, and to magistrates, 
 
 militai'v officers. Sec. Old F. escuer; escu^ a shield. 
 ESSAY'. V. To attempt. F. essayer^ to attempt. 
 ES'SAY. s. An attempt; a dissertation. — See the verb. 
 ESSENCE, s. Physical basis; essential oil. F. essence; 
 
 L. essentia^ the existence: esse, to be. 
 ESSENTIAL, adj. Having the essence; indispensable. 
 
 L. essentiaiis. — See ESSENCE. 
 ESTATE, s. Condition of life; property. F. etat; (for- 
 
 merlv, estat;) L. status; from sto., to stand. 
 ESTEEM, s. Regard; respect.— See ESTIMATE, 
 
EST— EVA 
 
 ESTIMATE. V, To rate; to conjecture. L. asti/no; as} 
 
 money. 
 ESTRANGE, v. To withdraw the affections. F. eiran- 
 
 ger, (formerly, estranger;) L. e, from, and stringo^ to 
 
 draw. 
 ESTUARY, s. An arm of the sea. L. astuarium; from 
 
 a^stuo^ to be straitened. 
 ET CETERA. Abbreviated etc. or Ufc. And the rest; 
 
 and others of the same kind. L. et^ and, and aetera, 
 
 others. 
 ETHER, s. An imaginary air; a volatile distilled spirit. 
 
 L. cether; G. aither; aitho^ to burn. 
 ETHICS, s. The doctrine of morality. G. ethike; ethos^ 
 
 a muiincr. 
 ETHNIC, adj. Gentile; neither Jewish nor Christian. 
 
 G. ethnekos; ethnos^ a nation. — See GENTILE. 
 ETIQUETTE, s. Established ceremony or mode. F. 
 
 eticjaette^ a ticket, upon which the forms of court cere- 
 monies, ^c. are written. 
 ETYMOLOGY, s. The derivation of a word from its 
 
 original; that part of grammar which treats of the dif- 
 ferent sorts of words and their various modifications. 
 
 Li. etymologia; G. etuinologia; eturnorij a true original, 
 
 and logos ^ a word. 
 EUCHARIST, s. The Lord's Supper. G. eucharistiaj 
 
 thanksgiving. 
 EUDIOMETER, s. An instrument, invented by Priestly, 
 
 for ascertaining the purity of atmospheric air. G. cm, 
 
 good, dios^ air, and ?nei7-07i^ measure. 
 EULOGY, s. Praise. G. eulogia; comp. of eu^ good, 
 
 and logos, a word. 
 EUPHONY, s. Agreeable sound. G. eii/i/ionia; eu, well, 
 
 and /?/; 0726*0, to sound. 
 EVACUATE. V. To make empty; to retire from. L. 
 
 evacuo; vacuus, empty. 
 EVADE. 1'. To elude, or avoid. L. evado; e, from, and 
 
 ■vado, to march, or move. 
 EVANESCENT, adj. Vanishing; imperceptible. L. 
 
 evanescens, part, oi evanesco, to disappear: from va- 
 
 nus, empty. 
 EVANGELIST, s. A writer of the history of Christ. 
 
EVA—EXC 
 
 L. cvani^'clus; G. euaii^elos; from eu^ good, and an- 
 
 gelo^ to declare. 
 EVAPORATE, x-. To ascend in vapour. L. evafioro; 
 
 e, from, and va/iosy vapour. 
 EVENT. 5. Occurrence. L. eventus; e, out of, and vcn- 
 
 turn^ sup. of TV'/zzo, to come. 
 EVIDENCE. 5. Proof; testimony; the person who tes- 
 tifies. F. evidence; L. evidentia. — See EVIDENT. 
 EVIDENT, adj. Proved; clear. Y, evident; L. evidciis; 
 
 e, out of, and video, to see. 
 EVINCE. V, To prove; to manifest. L. evijico; e, from, 
 
 and vinco, to conquer. 
 EVISCERATE, v. To embowel. L. eviscero; e, from. 
 
 and viscei'a, the bowels. 
 EVOLUTION. 5. Act of unfolding; military field-ex- 
 ercise. L. evolutus, p. part, of evolvo.'—- — See 
 
 EVOLVE. 
 EVOLVE. V. To unfold; to throw off by chemical ef- 
 fect. L. evolvo; e, from, and volvo, to roll. 
 EXAGGERATE, v. To heighten beyond truth. L. ex- 
 
 aggero ; ex, above, and aggei'o, to heap : cigger^ a 
 
 heap. 
 EXANIMATE, adj. Lifeless; inanimate. L. ex, from, 
 
 and anima, the breath, or soul. 
 EXALT. V. To raise; to dignify. F. exalter; L. ex, 
 
 above, and alius, high. 
 EXASPERATE, v. To enrage. L. exaspero; ex, above, 
 
 (meaning in a high degree,) and asfiero, to make 
 
 ro u gh : a sfi c r , ro ugh. 
 EXCAVATE. %. To make hollow. L. excavo; ex, from, 
 
 and cavo, to make hollow. 
 EXCEED. V. To go beyond; to surpass. L. excedo; 
 
 ex, from, and cedo, to depart. 
 EXCEL. V. To be eminent; to surpass. L. excello, to 
 
 be high. 
 EXCEPT. V. To leave out. L. excefitum, sup. of exci- 
 
 pdo; ex, out of, and capio, to take. , 
 
 EXCERPTA. a. Extracts. L. excerpta; from excerp- 
 
 tus, part, of excerpo; ex, from, and ccirpo, to pluck. 
 EXCESS, s. More than sufficient; surplus. L. excessiis, 
 
 p. part, of excedo. — See EXCEED. 
 [10*] 
 
EXC—EXE 
 
 EXCISE. 5-. A tax, formerly paid by a part of the arti- 
 cle assessed. L. excisus, p. part, of cxczV/o. — See EX- 
 CISION. 
 
 EXCISION, s. Act of cutting out. L. excisio; from ex- 
 
 cisics 
 
 p. part, oi exeido; ex^ from, and cado^ to lop. 
 
 EXCLAIM, -p. To call loudly. L. exclamo: ex^ fromj 
 and clamo^ to call. 
 
 EXCLUDE, -u. To shut out; to debar. L. exclude; 
 comp. of ex, from, and claudo^ to shut. 
 
 EXCLUSION, s. Act of excluding. L. exclusus, p. 
 pai't. of excludo. — See EXCLUDE. 
 
 EXCORIATE, -v. To strip off the skin. L. ex, from, 
 and corimn, a skin. 
 
 EXCRESCENCE, s. Irregular protuberance. L. ex- 
 cises cejis; part, of ex ere SCO; ex, from, and cresco, to 
 gro^y. 
 
 EXCRUCIATING, adj. Extremely pamful. L. excru^ 
 cio, to torture; ex, from, and cruce, abl. of crux, a 
 cross; alluding to the torments of crucifixion. 
 
 EXCULPATE. V. To exonerate from a criminal charge, 
 L. ex, from, and culpa, blame. 
 
 EXCURSION, s. A ramble. L. excursio; ex, from> 
 and curro, to run. 
 
 EXCUSE. V. To disengage from an obligation. L. ex- 
 cuso; ex, from, and causa, a design. 
 
 EXECRATE, v. To curse; to detest. L. execror, or 
 exsecror; f:r, from, and sacrum, 2l holy rite: meanings 
 to debar from the benefit of religious ceremonies. 
 
 EXECUTE. 1'. To perform ; to put to death. L. exe- 
 cutus, part, of exequor: ex, accordin|f to [direction,! 
 and sequor, to follow. 
 
 EXECUTIVE, adj. Relating to the power which per- 
 forms, but does not deliberate. — See EXECUTE. 
 
 EXEMPLI GRATIA. As an example; for instance ; 
 usually abbreviated ex. gr., or e. g: L. 
 
 EXEMPT, adj. Free by privilege. L. exe?nfiius, p. part, 
 of cxima; ex, from, and eino, to purchase. 
 
 EXERGUE, s. F.— -See EXERGUM. 
 
 EXERGUM. s. The circular space between the work 
 and the edge of a coin or medal, on which the in- 
 scription is usually placed. G. ex^ from, and ergoii. 
 work, ^ 
 
EXE— -EXP 
 
 EXEU.VT OMJ\'ES. Used, in theatrical pieces, to 
 mark the departure from the stage of all the charac- 
 ters. L. omnes^ all, exeunt^ go out: omtiis, and exeo. 
 
 EXFOLIATE, v. To separate in layers. L- ex, from, 
 and /oh u?ny a leaf. 
 
 EXHAUST. V. To draw away; to fatigue. L. exhaus- 
 tuin., sup. oi exhaurio; ex, from, and haurio, to draw. 
 
 EXHIBIT, -v. To display. L. exhibeo; comp. of ex, 
 from, and habeo, to hold. 
 
 EXHILARATE, -v. To enliven. L. exhilaro; /iHaritas^ 
 mirth. 
 
 EXHORT. V. To advise from an evil, or to a virtuous 
 action. L. exhortor; ex, from, and hortor, to advise. 
 
 EXIGENCE, or EXIGENCY, s. Sudden occasion. L, 
 exig-ens, part, of exigo, to drive out: ex, from, and 
 ago, to move. 
 
 EXILE, s. Banishment, either voluntary or compul- 
 sive; person banished. L. exUlum; exilio, to depart 
 hastily: ex, from, and salio, to leap. 
 
 EXIT. A term used to mark the time at which a player 
 leaves the stage ; departure. L. exit, he (or she) goes 
 out: exeo. 
 
 EX-MINISTER, s. One who has been a minister of state. 
 L. ex, out, a.nd minister. 
 
 EXODUS. 8. The second book of Moses, which de- 
 scribes the journey of the Israelites from Egypt. G. 
 exodas, departure. 
 
 EX OFFICIO. By the power of his office. L. ex, ac- 
 cording to, officio, abl. of officium, an office. 
 
 EXONERATE, d. To disburthen; to exculpate. L- 
 exonero; ex, from, and onus, a burthen. 
 
 EXORBITANT, adj. Irregular; enormous. L. ex, out 
 of, and orbita, a track. 
 
 EXORCISE. 1}. To pretend to drive away an evil spirit, 
 G. ex, out of, and orkizo, to adjure. 
 
 EXORDIUM. «. A formal preface. L. exordium, a be- 
 ginning. 
 
 EXOTIC, adj. Foreign. G. exotikos, foreign. 
 
 EXPAND. V. To spread. L. exfiandoi ex, from., and 
 paiido, to open. 
 
 EX'FARTE', On one side only; ex-fiarte evidence 
 
EXP—EXP 
 
 is that testimony, which, as before a grand jury, is de- 
 livered only on the side of the prosecution. L. ex, from, 
 /larte, ab!. o{ pars, a part. 
 
 EXPATIATE. V. To enlarge on, in language. L, ex- 
 fiatior; ex, from, and pateo, to spread out. 
 
 EXPECT. V. To anticipate, in the mind; to wait for 
 L. exfiecto; ex, from, and specto, to look. 
 
 EXPECTORATE, v. To eject matter from the breast. 
 L. ex, from, and pectus, the breast. 
 
 EXPEDIENT, adj. Advantageous; fit. L. expediensy 
 part, of expedio.—'^eQ EXPEDITE. 
 
 EXPEDITE. ~u. To facilitate; to hasten. L. expedio, 
 to free: ex, from, and pede, abl. of pes, a foot. 
 
 EXPEL. V. To drive out. L. expeUoj comp. of ex, from, 
 and pello, to drive. 
 
 EXPEND. IK To spend; to disburse. L. expendo; ex, 
 from, and pendo, to weigh, or pay. 
 
 EXPENSE, s. Expenditure; cost. L. expensum. — See 
 EXPEND. 
 
 EXPERIENCE, s. Practice. L. experientia, — See EX- 
 PERT. 
 
 EXPERIMENT, s. Trial. L. €xperi7n€nUim.^'S>tt EX- 
 PERIENCE. 
 
 EXPERT, adj. Skilful; dexterous. L. expertus, (part. 
 of experior,') having tried. 
 
 EXPIATE. V. To atone for. L. expio; comp. of ex, 
 from, and pio, to worship, or purge. 
 
 EXPIRE, -v. To breathe out; t^ die; to terminate. L. 
 expiro; ex, from, and spiro, to breathe. 
 
 EXPLETIVE, s. In grammar, means something in- 
 serted, more to please the ear, than to illustrate. L. 
 €xpleti~uum; expleo, to glut; ex, in a superabundant 
 degree, diwA pleo, to fill, 
 
 EXPLICIT, adj. Emphatically clear; not merely im- 
 plied. L explicitus, y). T^-diVi. of expllco, to WYifoid. 
 
 EXPLODE. V. To drive out, with open marks of dis- 
 approbation; to make a loud noise like ignited gun- 
 powder. L. explodo; ex, from, and plaudo, to make 
 a noise by clapping. 
 
 EXPLORE. V, To examine. L. exploro, to explore, to 
 examine. 
 
EXP— EXT 
 
 EXPLOSION, s. The act of explodint-. L. ex/ilosioj 
 
 ejc/ilosiis^ p. part, of explodo.'—^cG EXPLODE. 
 EXPORT. V. To send out of a country, in the way of 
 
 traffic. L. exfiorto; ex^ out of, and fiorto^ to carry. 
 EXPOSE, -u. To lay open; to put in danger. F. exfio- 
 
 ser; L. ex/iositunij sup. of ex/io?ioj exy out of, and 
 
 fionoy to place. 
 JSX POST FylCTO.—See POST FACTO. 
 EXPOSTULATE, -v. To appeal; to debate earnestly. 
 
 L. exfiostulo^ to demand. 
 EXPOUND. V. To explain. L. exfiono: ex, out of, and 
 
 /lono, to place. 
 EX-PRESIDENT, s. One who has been a president. 
 
 L. ex, out, and president. 
 EXPRESS. V. To press out; to represent; to declare. 
 
 L. ex/iressum, sup. oi exJiri?no: ex, from, and /zrc?«o, 
 
 to press. 
 EXPRESS, adj. Exactly alike, (as if taken by an im- 
 pression;) explicit. — See the verb. 
 EXPRESS, s. An extraordinary messenger. — See the 
 
 verb. 
 EXPULSION, s. Act of expelling. L. exfiulsio: from 
 
 ex/iello.See EXPEL. 
 EXPUNGE. V. To erase. L. exfiungo: ex, from, and 
 
 fiungo^ to prick. 
 EXQUISITE, adj. Consummate; excellent. L. exqui- 
 
 situs, (p. part, oi cxquiro,) searched out; ex, out of, 
 
 and quaro, to seek. 
 EXSCIND. V. To cut from. L. ex, from, and scindo, 
 
 to cut. 
 EXSICCATE, u. To dry. L. exsicco, to dry. 
 EXTANT, adj. Before the public; now existing. L, 
 
 exstans, part, of exsto, to stand out: ex, from, and 
 
 sto, to stand. 
 EXTASY,or ECSTASY, s. Any emotion by which the 
 
 thoughts are absorbed, and in which the mind is for 
 
 a time lost; excessive joy, or excessive grief. F. ex- 
 
 tane: G. ekstasis; from e/c, out, and siasis, standing. 
 EXTEMPORE'. Without preparation. L. ex, from, 
 
 and temfiore, abl. oi temjius, time; meaning the pre- 
 sent time. 
 
EXT— EXT 
 
 EXTEND, -v. To reach (with ?o;) to enlarge. L. ex-- 
 tendo: comp. of ex^ from, and tenclo^ to stretch. 
 
 EXTENUATE, v. To lessen; to palliate. L. extenuo: 
 ex^ from, and tenuis^ thin, or small. 
 
 EXTERIOR, adj. Outward. L. exterior^ compar. deg. 
 o{ extra^ without: pos. extras compar. exterioi-; sup. 
 extremus. 
 
 EXTERMINATE, v. To destroy. L. extermino: ex, 
 noting in a great degree, and termino, to end. 
 
 EXTERNAL, adj. Outward; foreign. L. externus: ex- 
 ter^ foreign: comp. of ex^ out of, and terra^ a terri- 
 tory. 
 
 EXTINCT. «(//. Extinguished; abolished. 1^. extinctus^ 
 p. part. q{ extinguo^ to extinguish. 
 
 EXTINGUISH. -V. To quench; to destroy. L. extln- 
 guo^ to extinguish. 
 
 EXTIRPATE. T^.To eradicate; to destroy. L. extirpo: 
 ex, from, and stirfis, a root. 
 
 EXTOL, -u. To praise highly. L. extollo: ex, from, and 
 tollo, to lift up. 
 
 EXTOR.T. V. To obtain by force, or by the passion of 
 avarice. L. extortum, sup. of extorqueo: ex, from, and 
 torqueo, to twist. 
 
 EXTRA. «<://. Additional. L. ex^ra, besides. 
 
 EXTRACT. D. To draw from; to take out a part. L. 
 extractum, sup. of extraho: comp. of ex, from, and 
 traho, to draw. 
 
 EXTRAJUDICIAL, adj. Out of the regular course 
 of legal procedure. L. extra, bevond, and judicial. 
 
 EXTRANEOUS, adj. Of a different kind ; foreign. L. 
 extraneus: extra, without. 
 
 EXTRAORDINARY, or EXTRORDINARY. adj. 
 Uncommon; unusual; eminent. L. cxtraordinarius: 
 extra, beyond, and ordinarius, ordinary : ordo, a rule. 
 
 EXTRAVAGANT, adj. Irregular; wild; prodigal. L. 
 e xtravagans: <^.r^r<2, beyond, and vagor, to wander. 
 
 EXTREME, adj. Utmost. L. extremus, supcrl. of ex- 
 tra, beyond, 
 
 EXTRICATE, v. To disentangle. L. extrico: ex, out 
 of, emd tricce, an impediment. 
 
 EXI^RUDE. V. To thrust out; to push off with vio- 
 lence. L. extrudo: e^,out, or from, and trudo, to thrust. 
 
EXT— FAL 
 
 EXTRUSION, s. Act of extruding. L.extrusus, p. pant. 
 
 o^ extrndo.—Sce EXTRUDE. 
 EXUBERANT, adj. Overabundant. L. exuderaiis, 
 
 part, of erubero: extra^ beyond, and uber^ plentiful. 
 EXUDE. V. To issue in sweat. L. exudo: ex-, out of, 
 
 and sudo^ to sweat. 
 EXULT. V. To rejoice greatly. L. exulto; comp. of 
 
 ex^ from, [the ground,] and salto^ to dance, or leap. 
 
 F. 
 
 FABLE, s. A fictitious story. L. fabula^ a tale, or dis- 
 course. 
 
 FABRIC, .s. Something made. Vi.fabricai faber^ a work- 
 man. 
 
 FABRICATE, v. To construct; to invent, l^.fabrico. 
 —See FABRIC. 
 
 FABULOUS, a^//. Fictitious; false. 'L.fabulosus. — See 
 FABLE. 
 
 FACETIOUS, adj. Witty. "L.facetics, raillery. 
 
 FACILITATE, v. To make easy, lu.facilis., easy: fa- 
 cioy to do, or cause. 
 
 FAC SIMILE', s. An imitation, as nearly resembling 
 the original as possible. L. factum.^ a thing done, and 
 simile.) neuter o{ similis^ like: \h& word factum has 
 been here abbreviated to Jac. 
 
 FACT. s. A thing done; reality. L.. factum; Jacio, to do. 
 
 FACTION, s. A party, united in opposing another. L. 
 factio; facio., to do, or hinder. 
 
 FACTOR, s. An agent. 1^. factor; from facio, to do, or 
 make. 
 
 FACTORY, s. A house, or district, inhabited by the 
 foreign traders of a particular nation, in a distant 
 country; the traders themselves; a manufactory. — Sec 
 FACTOR. 
 
 FACULTY, s. Power; learned professors, h.facultas; 
 facioy to do. 
 
 FALLACY. 6. Deceit; untruth. Li. fallacia; f alio, to 
 slip or slide; that is, to approach imperceptibly. 
 
 FALLIBLE, adj. Liable to error, or to failure, h.fallo^ 
 to slip. 
 
FAM— FAU 
 
 FAMILIAR, adj. Domestic; affable; unceremonious; 
 well-known; too nearly acquainted. \u. familiar is ; fa- 
 milia.) a family. 
 
 FAMINE, s. Distressful scarcity of food. Y. famine; L. 
 fames., hunger. 
 
 FAMISH. V. To starve, h. fames, hunger. 
 
 FAMOUS, adj. Renowned. L. fainosus; fama^ report. 
 
 FANATIC, s. A mad enthusiast; one who has extra- 
 vagant notions of religion. 'L.fanaticus^ mad. 
 
 FANCY, s. Imagination; caprice; liking. This is a 
 contraction of phantasy. — See FANTASM. 
 
 F ANT ASM. s. Something which appears real, but is 
 only in the imagination. G. fihantasma., an apparition : 
 jihaino., to appear. 
 
 FANTASTIC, adj. Irrational; whimsical. F. fantas- 
 ^/^rw^.— See FANTASM. 
 
 FARCE, s. A dramatic afterpiece, of a ludicrous kind. 
 Y. far dr., h.farcio, to fill up, or stuff. 
 
 FARINACEOUS, adj. Mealy. L. farina, meal. 
 
 FARRAGO, s. A rude or confused mixture, h. farra- 
 go; far, all kinds of corn. 
 
 FARRIER, s. A horse-doctor, (a profession usually fol- 
 lowed by horse-shoers.) F. ferrier; L. ferrarius, be- 
 longing to iron: ferrum, iron. 
 
 FASCES, s. Rods, with an axe bound up in the middle, 
 anciently carried before the Roman consuls, h. fasces, 
 pi. o{ fascis, a bundle of twigs. 
 
 FASCINATE, v. To influence, as if by supernatural 
 power; to delight highly. L./a5c/;/o, to bewitch. 
 
 FASCINE, s. The military name of a fagot : fascines 
 are used generally for filling up a ditch F. fascine; 
 'L.fascis, a bundle of twigs. 
 
 FASTIDIOUS, adj. Disagreeably methodical. L.fas- 
 tidiosus; horn fasti diu?n, pride, reluctance. 
 
 FATUITY, s. Foolishness ; weakness of mind. F. fa- 
 tiiite; \u.fatuus, silly. 
 
 FAUN. s. A kind of rural deity. Faunus, (a son of 
 Picus, an Italian king,) whose attachment to agricul- 
 ture induced his subjects to revere him, after his 
 death, as one of their country deities. — See the heathen 
 •mythology. 
 
FAU— .FER 
 
 FAUX PAS. A false step; a deviation from rectitude, 
 Y.faux^ false, and /m*, a step. 
 
 FEALTY, s. Duty or fidelity to a superior lord. F.feai, 
 a vassal. 
 
 FEASIBLE, adj. Practicable. F. faisible: /aire, to do. 
 
 FEBRIFUGE, s. A medicine serviceable in a fever. L. 
 febris, a fever, and/w§*o, to drive away. 
 
 FEBRILE, adj. Relating to fever. V.. febrilis ; febrh^ a 
 fever. 
 
 FEBRUARY, s. The second month. L. Febriiarius; 
 Fi'brua^ the mother of Mars. 
 
 FECULENT, adj. Foul; excrementitious. 'L. /(scideji- 
 tiis; from y^eczi/a, small dregs ;yicjr, dregs. 
 
 FECUNDITY, s. Fruitfulness. L. fxcunditas, fruit- 
 fulness. 
 
 FEDERAL, adj. Relating to a contract; united, l^./oe- 
 diis., a league, 
 
 FEDERALIST, s. Originally meant an American citi- 
 zen who voted for the new federal constitution of the 
 United States; — since the beginning of the French 
 war, in 1792, it has had no relative meaning; but, like 
 the term democrat^ is used only to serve the interested 
 views of a party. — ^See FEDERAL. 
 
 FELICITATE, v. To congratulate. L. felicito; felici- 
 tas^ happiness ; felix^ happy. 
 
 FELINE, adj. Resembling, or pertaining to, a cat. L, 
 felinus; felis^ a cat. 
 
 FELO DE SE. A person of sound mind who commits 
 suicide, l^.felo^ a felon, de^ of, se, himself. 
 
 FELON, s. One who has committed a capital crime. F. 
 felon; L./^/o, a felon. 
 
 FEMININE, adj. Relating to a female. L. feininimis^ 
 femina.) a woman. 
 
 FEMME COUVERTE. In law, signifies a woman co- 
 vered or protected, by marriage, from the payment ol' 
 debt, and, in some cases, from criminal prosecution. 
 Y.femme, a woman, couverte^ covered. 
 
 FEMME SOLE. A spinster; an unmarried woman. 
 V.femmey a woman, and old F. sole^ alone. 
 
 FEND. i>. To keep off; to guard. From Defend. 
 
 FEROCIOUS, adj. Fierce. L. fcrocis^ gen. of /^?'o^j 
 fierce. 
 
 [1'] 
 
FER— FIL 
 
 FERRUGINOUS, adj. Partaking of the particles and 
 the quality of iron, lu.ferrugineus; comp. oi ferruniy 
 iron, and genus ^ a sort. 
 
 FERTILE, adj. Fruitful. L. fertilis; fero^ to bear, or 
 produce. 
 
 FERVENT, adj. Hot; ardent. 'L.fervens^ part, oi fer- 
 ueo^ to boil. 
 
 FERVID, adj. Hot; vehement; zealous. 'L. fervidus; 
 ferveo^ to boil. 
 
 FESTIVAL, s. A feast, or the period of a feast, h.fee- 
 tivus^ merry. 
 
 FETE CHAMPETRE. An entertainment, given in 
 the country, in the open air. Y.fete^ a feast, and cham- 
 jietre^ rural. 
 
 FETID, adj. Rancid; having an offensive smell. L./a'- 
 tidus^ stinking. 
 
 FIAT. s. In law, a writ containing a peremptory order. 
 'L.Jiat^ let it be done; fromj'?©. 
 
 FICTION, s. Invention; falsehood. 'L,. JictiOi from ^c- 
 tus^ p. part, oi Jingo ^ to frame. 
 
 FICTITIOUS, adj. Counterfeit; not real. l.. fc tithes. 
 —See FICTION. 
 
 FIDELITY, s. Faithful adherence; honesty. \^. fideli- 
 tas; Jides, faith, or truth. 
 
 FIDUCIARY, adj. Confiding; undoubting. h.Jiducia- 
 riiis;'Jides.) faith. 
 
 FIERI FACIAS. A judicial writ, empowering a she- 
 riff to levy the amount of a debt, or of damages reco- 
 vered. L. facias^ you may cause it, Jieri^ to be done : 
 facio, and^o. 
 
 FIGMENT, s. A fiction. L. Jigmentuin; Jingo^ to 
 frame. 
 
 FIGURE. 5. Form; an image ; a character den'oting a 
 number; a trope. L. Jigura; fvom Jingo, to shape, or 
 frame. 
 
 FILAMENT, s. A body, long and slender, like a thread. 
 L. Jilamcnta; Jiliim, a thread. 
 
 FILIAL, adj. Regarding a child, in relation to its pa- 
 rents. Y.Jilial; h.Jlius, a child. 
 
 FILLE DE CHAMBRE. s. A chambermaid. V.Jille, 
 a girl, de^ of, chambre^ a chamber. 
 
FIL— FLO 
 
 FILLE DE JO IE. s. A prostitute. V.Jille, a daughter, 
 de, of, joic^ pleasure. 
 
 FILTER. V. To purify by straining. Low L. Jiltro: 
 comp. oi Jiluin^ a thread, and traho^ to draw; refer- 
 ring to the original mode of filtering, by suspended 
 threads. 
 
 PTNAL. adj. Last; conelusive. Ij. Jinalis; fvoui Ji7iis, 
 the end. 
 
 FINANCE, s. Revenue. Y.Jinance; h.jlnioy to accom- 
 plish. 
 
 FINESSE, s. Artifice, Y. finesse: lu. Jinio, to accom- 
 plish. 
 
 FINITE, adj. Limited. L. fmitus: Jinis.^ an end. 
 
 FISCAL, adj. Relating to the public revenue. ¥. fiscal: 
 h.fscus., a treasury. 
 
 FISSILE, adj. Having the laminae, or grain, in a direc- 
 tion to admit of being cleft. L. fssilis. — See FIS- 
 SURE. 
 
 FISSURE, s. A cleft, la. fissura: h^om. fssus^ p. part. 
 of fndo, to cleave. 
 
 FISTULA, s. A sinuous ulcer. lu.fsiulay a pipe. 
 
 FIX. V. To fasten; to settle, lu. fxinn^ sup. ot fg-o, to 
 fasten. 
 
 FLACCID, adj. Limber; soft. L. faccidus, withered, 
 feeble. 
 
 FLAGELLATION, s. A flogging. L. fagelium, a 
 scourge. 
 
 FLAGITIOUS, adj. Atrocious. L. fag-itius: fiagiti- 
 um.^ a base action. 
 
 FLAGRANT, adj. Sometimes means flushed, but com- 
 monly, notorious, or atrocious. L. fiagrans^ part, of 
 fagro^ to be on fire. 
 
 FLAMBEAU, s. A torch. Y.fiamheau: comp. q{ flajn^ 
 we, flame, and heau^ handsome. 
 
 FLATULENT, adj. Windy. L. flatulentus: fatus, a 
 pufl": ^y?ai'^^s, p. part, oi fo, to blow. 
 
 FLEXIBLE, adj. Pliant, lu. fiexibilis; fexus^y). ^?ivt. 
 oi fecto^ to bend. 
 
 FLORID, adj. Bright in colour; flushed with red; em- 
 bellished. L. fioridus; from Jioris, gen. of Jios^ a 
 flower. 
 
 FLORIST, adj. A cultivator of flowers: a maker or 
 
FLO—FOR 
 
 vender of artificial flowers. L. Jioris^ gen. oi Jios^ a 
 
 flower. 
 FLOURISH, adj. To have vigour; to boast, lu. Jio- 
 
 reo: Jloris, gen. of ./os, a flower. 
 FLUATE. s. A weak salt, which, by means of strong 
 
 sulphuric acid, yields a vapour, and when condensed 
 
 forms liquid fluoric acid. 1^.^/iuo, to flow. 
 FLUCTUATE, v. To flow backwards and forwards; 
 
 to varv often. 1^. Jiiictuo: Jiuctus, a \i?i\e: Jluo, to 
 
 flow. 
 FLUE. s. A passage for smoke. h.Jluo, to flow, or pass 
 
 away. 
 FLUENT, adj. Flowing; having a ready command of 
 
 words. J^.Jiue?is, part, of Jluo, to flow. 
 i-LUID. adj. Liquid. 'L.Jfuidus: fiuo^ to flow. 
 FLUTE, s. A tubated musical instrument. Y.Jiute: L, 
 
 ^ftuto^ to flow gently: Jh^o, to flow. 
 FLUTED, adj. Resembling the shape of a flute. — See. 
 
 FLUTE. 
 FLUX. s. Act of flowing; thing which flows; dysen- 
 tery. 1^. fluxus: ivornJiiiOy to fiov/. 
 FLUXIONS. 5. A species of arithmetic invented by 
 
 Newton. 'L./Inxio, a flowing. 
 FOCUS, s. The point where the rays of heat are col- 
 lected by a burning-glass; a certain point in the axis 
 
 of a curve. L. focus, a fire-hearth, or the fire. 
 FOLIAGE. 5. Leaves. Y. fcuUlage: L.yb/iz^m, a leaf. 
 FOLIO, s. A book, the leaves of which are formed of 
 
 sheets of paper once doubled. Abl. oi folium^ a leaf. 
 FOMENT, r. To cherish with heat; to bathe with 
 
 Avarm lotions; (in an evil sense) to encourage. L./b- 
 
 wentor: from foveo, to keep warm. 
 FORAGE, -v. To go out in search of provisions, F. 
 
 fourragcr: fourrage, fodder: foiirrer., to stuff" in. 
 FORCE. *. Strength; active power. T. force; 'L.forc, 
 
 strength. 
 FORCEPS. 6'. Surgical tongs. L. forceps, a pair of 
 
 tongs. 
 FORENSIC, adj. Belonging, or appropriate to, a court 
 
 of judicature. 'L.forensis. — See FORUM. 
 FORGE, 'u. To form by hammering; to imitate. F./or- 
 
 ger, to hammer. 
 
FOR— FRA 
 
 FORMULA, s. A prescribed order. 1^. formula : form a^ 
 
 a form. 
 FORTIFY. V. To strengthen. F. fortifier; L. fortis, 
 
 strong', and./ttr/o, to make. 
 FORTrrUDE. s. Bravery in resisting, or in suffering. 
 
 lu.fortitiido: from fortia^ hardy, strong. 
 FORTRESS. 6-. A fortified building. Y , fortrcsae: L, 
 
 fortis^ strong. 
 FORTUITOUS. Of//'. Accidental. l.,fortuituf^: forth-. 
 
 gen. oi forsy chance, and itus, the act of going. 
 FORTUNATE, ar/y. Lucky; successful. 'L.fortutiatus: 
 
 fortuna^ fortune. 
 FORUM, s. The market-place of Rome, where great 
 
 judicial causes were tried. L. forum^ a market-place. 
 FOSSE, s. A military ditch. Y. fosse; h. fossa: fossus, 
 
 p. part, of fodio, to dig. 
 FOSSIL, s. Something dug out of the earth. L. fossi- 
 
 lis.— See FOSSE. 
 FOUND, -v. To originate, as a town or a colony. L. 
 
 fundo^ (^fuiidare^') to lay the groundwork : fundus ^l^^.Vidi. 
 FOUND. V. To cast, as at a foundry. L. fundo^ (ff-n- 
 
 derc^) to pour out. 
 FOUNDRY, s. A place where articles are formed of 
 
 melted metals. — See FOUND, to cast. 
 FRACTION, s. An arithmetical part of an integer. L. 
 
 fractlo: fracius^ p. part, oi frango^ to break. 
 FRACTURET. s. Breach; separation of a bone. lu.fraC' 
 
 tura.-See FRACTION. 
 FRAGILE, adj. Easily broken ; unceilain. Ij.fragilis: 
 
 frango^ to break. 
 FRAGMENT, s, A part broken off; an imperfect part. 
 
 lu. fragmenttim: from fra?igo, to break. 
 FRAGRANT, adj. Sweet-smelling, h. fragrajis, pavt. 
 
 of fragro^ to smell sweetly. 
 FRANCHISE, s. Privilege. F, 
 
 FRANGIBLE, adj. Easily broken. 'L.fraiigo^ to break. 
 FRANTIC, adj. Mad; outrageously mad. (corrupted 
 
 from phrenetic,^ 
 FRATERNAL, adj. Brotherly; relating to brothers. F. 
 
 frater7iel: l^.frater^ a brother. 
 FRATRICIDE, s. Murder of a brother. L. fratricidl^ 
 
 um: f rater J a brother, and citdo^ to kill. 
 
 [11*] 
 
FRA— FUL 
 
 FRAUD, s. Deceit; dishonesty. F./raude: L,.fratcdiSj 
 
 gen. of ./raw5, deceit. 
 FRENETIC, adj. Originally, Phrenetic. Mad; dis- 
 tracted. G. phrenetikos: fihrenetis, madness. 
 FRENZY. 5. Madness; mental distraction. G. fihrene- 
 
 tis^ madness ; whence, phrenetisy— phrenetsy— -phren- 
 
 zy — frenzy. 
 FRIABLE, adj. Easily reduced to powder. F. friable^ 
 
 \a. friabilis: frio^ to crumble. 
 FRICTION, s. The act of rubbing. 'L.frictio: frico^ to 
 
 rub. 
 FRIGID, adj. Cold; dull. 'L. frigidus: irom JrigiiSy 
 
 cold. 
 FRIGORIFIC. adj. Producing cold; or, in chemical 
 
 language, depriving of heat. L. frigorijicus: comp. of 
 
 frii^or^ cold, and/acifo, to make. 
 FRISEUR. s. A hairdresser. Y .friseur: friser, to curl. 
 FRITTER. V. To cut small; to destroy gradually. F. 
 
 friture^ a piece of meat cut small: h. /rictus, p. part. 
 
 of fricoy to rub. 
 FRIVOLOUS, adj. Slight; trifling. "L. frivolus, tri- 
 
 fling. 
 FRONT, s. The face; the forepart of any thing. F. 
 
 front: L. frons, the forehead. 
 FRONTAL, adj. Relating to the forehead. Y./rontal.--^ 
 
 See FRONT. 
 FRUCTIFY. V. To make fruitful. Y.'fructijier: L. 
 
 fructusy fruit, and facio, to make. 
 FRUGAL, adj. Sparing ; economical. L. frugalis; 
 
 from frugesy fruit, or corn : meaning, careful of pro- 
 visions. 
 FRUITION, adj. Enjoyment of what one possesses. L. 
 
 fruitusy part, of fruor, to enjoy. The miser has pos- 
 session, but not fruition. 
 FRUSTRATE, v. To defeat, l^./rustro, to disappointc 
 FUEL, s. Material for burning. Y.feu, fire. 
 FUGITIVE, arf/. Escaping; unstable; volatile. L,. fu- 
 
 gltivu.s-: fugioy to escape. 
 FUGITIVE, s. One who runs from his station or duty, 
 
 —See the adjective. 
 FULMINATE, v. To make a loud crack; to issue 
 
FUM— GAR 
 
 ecclesiastical censure. 'L.fuimino: from/'«/;n(?w, tluin- 
 
 der. 
 FUME. s. Smoke; vapour, lu. fumus^ smoke. 
 FUMIGATE. V. To fill with smoke or vapour. — See 
 
 FUME. 
 FUNCTION, s. Performance; employment, lu.fujictio: 
 
 functus^ part, oi fungor^ to execute. 
 fIjNDAMENTAL. adj. Relating to the foundation or 
 
 origin; essential. \^. fundamGut alls; fundament um^ a 
 
 foundation ; fundo^ to found. 
 FUNGOUS, adj. Excrescent. L. fungus^ a mush- 
 room. 
 FURTIVE, adj. Stolen, h. furtivus: fur, a thief. 
 FUSE. V. To melt. L. fusum, sup. oi fundo, to pour 
 
 out. 
 FUSE. s. A small pipe, inserted in a bomb-shell, 
 
 through which the exploding fire passes. F.fziseau, a 
 
 spindle. 
 FUSIBLE, adj. Capable of being melted. — See the verb 
 
 FUSE. 
 FUTILE. «(^y. Of no effect, h.fui His, trivia.]. 
 FUTURE, adj. Relating to time to come. L. futurus, 
 
 about to be; part, of the irreg. v. sum, I am. 
 
 G. 
 
 GALAXY, s. A stream of light in the sky, called the 
 milky way. G. gaiaxia: from gala, milk. — See the 
 heathen mythology. 
 
 GALLICISM, s. A mode of speech peculiar to the 
 French language. F. galucisme: L. Gallia, the an- 
 cient name of France. 
 
 GANGRENE, s. A cancerous sore. L. gangrcena: G. 
 gaino, to feed on; meaning, to destroy. 
 
 GARGLE. V. To wash the throat. F. gargouillcr: G. 
 gargareon, the throat. 
 
 GARRISON, s. The soldiers of a fortified town or cas- 
 tle; the town or castle having defenders. F. gai-nison; 
 garnii', to furnish. 
 
 GARRULOUS, adj. Talkative, h, garrulus; >oin gar- 
 rio, to prate. 
 
CAS—GEN 
 
 GASCONADE, s. A boast; a bravado. F. from Gas- 
 cony an inhabitant of Gascony, in France; a province 
 remarkable for boasting. 
 
 GASTRIC, adj. Relating- to the stomach. G. gastei-^ 
 the belly, or stomach. 
 
 GELATINOUS, adj. Of the nature of jelly. L. gela- 
 tusy p. part, o^ gelo, to freeze: geln, frost. 
 
 GELID, adj. Extremely cold; frozen. L. gelidus: gelu, 
 frost. 
 
 GEM. s. A jewel. L. ge7nma.^ a jewel. 
 
 GEMINI, s. A sign of the zodiac, represented by 
 figures of the twin brothers, Castor and Pollux. L. 
 ge 7.712 fiiy twins. 
 
 GENDER, s. A natural sex; a gram-matical sex. F. 
 ge77dre: L. ge7ieris, genitive oi genus, a kind. 
 
 GENEALOGY, s. History of the succession of fami- 
 lies. G. ge7iea, a generation, and logos, a description. 
 
 GEJVERA. s. Classes.— See GENUS. 
 
 GENERATE. 5. To beget; to produce. 1^. genera: ge- 
 nus, a race. 
 
 GENERIC, adj. Relating to a genus or class. F. gene- 
 riq7ie; L. generis, genitive of genus, a race. 
 
 GENESIS, s. The first book of Moses, wdiich describes 
 the creation of the world and the lives of the first pa- 
 triarchs. G. ge7iesls; from genea, a generation. 
 
 GENIAL, adj. Contributing to propaga.tion ; natural. 
 L. ge?iialis; genus, a race. 
 
 GENITALS, s. The members of generation. L. gcni- 
 talisr—^ce GENIAL. 
 
 GENITIVE, adj. A case in grammar, called by the 
 Latins, ge7iitivus; from gigno, to beget, because, it, 
 in a manner, generates other cases depending on it, 
 and is chiefly used in the formation of compounded 
 words. 
 
 GENTEEL, adj. Polite; graceful; f.ishionable. F. gen- 
 til; ge7it, proper: L. ge7itis, (gen. ol gens^j of the na- 
 tion. 
 
 GENTILE, s. A term applied by the Israelites and 
 Christians, to distinguish a foreigner, or one who 
 knew not the true God. L. ge7itilis; from gentes, (pi. 
 oi genv,) the nations. 
 
 GENTLE, adj. Formerly meant well-born; hence, the 
 
GEN— GLA 
 
 icnngenile?}ia}2; but it now si^iifics mild. — See GEN- 
 TEEL. 
 
 GENUFLEXION. .9. The act of bending the knee. L. 
 gefiu, a knee, and Jicctio^ or Jiexio^ a bending; from 
 fiecto^ to bend. 
 
 GENUINE, adj. Not spurious; unmixed; natural. L. 
 genuinus; from genus^ a kindred, or sort. 
 
 GENUS, s. A class. L. ge?ius, a race, or sort: pi. 
 genei'a. 
 
 GEOGRAPHY, s. Description of the earth, according- 
 to its natural or political divisions. G. ge^ the earth, 
 and gra/i/io^ to describe. 
 
 GEOMETRY, s. Originally signified the art of mea- 
 suring the earthy or certain divisions of it; but it is 
 now used for the science of quantity or extension ab- 
 stractedly, without any regard to matter. G. geome- 
 tria : comp. of ge, the earth, and metreo, to mea- 
 sure. 
 
 GEORGIC. adj. Relating to the culture of land, as 
 treated by Virgil. L. georgkus: G. georgikon: ge, 
 the earth, and ergo7i, work. 
 
 GERMINATE, v. To sprout. L. germino: germen^ a 
 branch, or bud. 
 
 GESTATION, s. The act of carrying the young be- 
 fore birth. L. ge&tatio: from gestusy p. part, of gero, 
 to carry. 
 
 GESTICULATION, s. Various postures, generally 
 expressing sentiment. L. gesticulatio: gesticulory to 
 represent by gesture. — See GESTURE. 
 
 GESTURE, s. An expressive posture. L. gestio, to 
 show joy, or to leap : gestus, p. part, of gei'Oy to 
 show. 
 
 GIBBOUS. «f//. Convex; protuberant, lu. gibbus. 
 
 CUGANTIC. adj. Of large stature. L. gigantism gen. 
 of gigasy a giant. 
 
 GLACIERS. 6'. Huge masses of mountain ice. F. gla- 
 ciei's; glaccy ice : L. glacies. 
 
 GLACIS, s. In fortification, is a smooth, sloping fence. 
 F. glacis; giace, ice: L. glacies. 
 
 GLADIATOR, s. A Roman prize-fighter, with or 
 without a sword. L. gladiator: from gladiusy a 
 sword. 
 
GLA— GRA 
 
 GLAND, s. A term in anatomy. F. gland: L. glaiidu- 
 
 la, a kernel in the flesh. 
 GLANDERS, s. A glandular disorder peculiar to 
 
 horses, and creating a purulent discharge from the 
 
 nostrils. — See GLAND. 
 GLEBE, s. Land; church-land. L. gleba^ a lump of 
 
 earth. 
 GLOBE. 5. A round bodv ; the earth. L. globus^ a 
 
 ball. 
 GLOBULAR, adj. Having the form of a globe.— Sec 
 
 GLOBE. 
 GLOBULE, s. A round particle of matter. L. globu- 
 lus.— ^qq GLOBE. 
 GLOSSARY, s. A dictionary of antiquated or obscure 
 
 words. L. glossarimn: G. glossuy a tongue, or lan- 
 guage. 
 GLUTINOUS, adj. Of the nature of glue. L. glutino- 
 
 sus: gluten, glue. 
 GLUTTON. 5. One who indulges too much in eating. 
 
 F. glouton: L. glutio, to swallow. 
 GNOMON. 6-. The hand or stile of a dial. G. gnomon^ 
 
 one that knows. 
 GNOMONICS. s. The art of dialling. G. gnomonike. 
 
 —See GNOMON. 
 GNOSTIC, s. One of a numerous sect of Christians 
 
 of the first century, who pretended to a high degree 
 
 of knowledge, and held extravagant notions of reli- 
 gion. G. ginosko, to know. 
 GORMANDIZE, v. To eat greedily. F. goiirinand, a 
 
 glutton. 
 GRADATION, s. Regular progress from one degree 
 
 to another. L. gradatio: from gradus, a step. 
 GRADUAL, adj. Proceeding by degrees. F. graducl: 
 
 L. gradus, a step. 
 GRADUATE, v. To mark with degrees; to obtain a 
 
 collegiate degree. L. gradus, a step. ^ 
 GRAMINEOUS, adj. Grassy, h. grajulncus: gramen, 
 
 grass. 
 GRAMINIVOROUS, adj. Grass-eating; living on 
 
 grass. L. gramen, grass, and voro, to eat. 
 GRAMMAR, s. The art of using a language correctly; 
 
GRA—GUT 
 
 a book which teaches the science of grammar. F. 
 
 grammaire: G. grcniima^ a letter. 
 GRANARY, s. A store for corn. L. granarium: from 
 
 granum^ a grain of corn. 
 GRANITE, s. A sort of stone, formed of distinct 
 
 grains or particles. F. granit: L. granum, a grain. 
 GRANIVOROUS. adj. Living on grain. L. granuiriy 
 
 a grain of corn, and voro., to eat. 
 GRANULATE, v. To form into grains. L. granum^ a 
 
 grain, and latum^ sup. oi fero^ to bring. 
 GRAPHIC, adj. Relating to the art of engraving. G. 
 
 grafiho^ to write, or engrave. 
 GRATIFY. V. To indulge; to please. L. gratificor: 
 
 comp. of gratus.) agreeable, and y«c/o, to make. 
 GRATIS, s. Without requiring payment. L. gratis: 
 
 gratus^ M^elcome. 
 GRATUITOUS. «f//. Voluntary; as a gift. lu. gratuU 
 
 tus.—See GRATIS. Gratuitous is sometimes used 
 
 to denote ivithout proof i but this sense is erroneous. 
 GRATUITY, s. A gift. F. gratuite.^See GRATIS. 
 GRATULATORY. adj. Expressing congratulation. 
 
 h. gratuior, to congratulate: gratus, welcome. 
 GRAVE, adj. Solemn. L. gravis^, weighty. 
 GRAVITATE, v. To tend, by intrinsic weight, to- 
 wards the centre of attraction. — See GRAVITY. 
 GRAVITY, s. Weight; solemnity. L. gravidas; gravis, 
 
 heavy. 
 GRECISM. s. A mode of speech peculiar to the 
 
 Greek language. L. gracismus ; from Gracia, 
 
 Greece. 
 GREGARIOUS, adj. Living in flocks. L. gregariuss 
 
 from greges, pi. of grex, a flock. 
 GROSS, adj. Bulky; palpable; unrefined; indelicate, 
 
 F. gros, thick, coarse. 
 GUARANTEE, s. One Avho insures the fulfilment of a 
 
 contract. F. garantie: from garantir, (formerly giia- 
 
 raniir,) to warrant. 
 GUBERNATORIAL, adj. Relating to the office of a 
 
 chief magistrate. L. gubei-nator, a governor. 
 GUTTURAL, adj. Pronounced in the throat. L. gut- 
 
 turalis: guttiir, the throat. 
 
GYM—HAR 
 
 aYMNASTIC. adj. Relating to athletic exercises. L. 
 gymnasticus: G. gumnastikos: from gumnos^ un- 
 clothed. 
 
 GYMNOSOPHIST. s. One of a sect of Indian philo- 
 sophers, who thought it conformable with the law of 
 nature to go naked. F. gymnosofihist; G. gumnos^ 
 naked, and sofihistes, a wise man. 
 
 GYRATION, s. The act of turning any thing about. 
 L. gyratus, turned about. G. guros, a circuit. 
 
 H. 
 
 HABEAS CORPUS. The name of the great writ of 
 English liberty, by which a prisoner's attorney may 
 bring the accused out of jail, and insist on his being 
 tried. L. habeas, you may have, cor/ius, the body. 
 
 HABILIMENT, s. Dress. F. habillement: L. hab'eo, to 
 have. 
 
 HABIT, s. The effect of custom; dress. L. habitus; 
 habeo, to have. 
 
 HABITABLE, adj. Capable of being dwelt in. L. habi- 
 tabilis.^See HABITATION. 
 
 HABITATION, s. Place of abode. L. habitatioi habito^ 
 to dwell; from habeo, to have. 
 
 HALCYON, adj. Happy. L. halcyoneus: from Haley- 
 one., daughter of jEoIus; who, (according to a heathen 
 fiction,) drowned herself in the sea: whence, birds of 
 the same name arose; during whose hatching, there is 
 always a calm. 
 
 HALO. s. A coloured circle around the sun, moon, or 
 any of the large stars. G. halos, an area. 
 
 HANAPER. s. The clerk of the hanaper receives the 
 fees due to the king of England for charters and pa- 
 tents. Low L. haiiafierium, a large basket, or a trea- 
 sury. 
 
 HARANGUE, v. To address by an oration. F. haran- 
 guer; au, to, rang, a row: meaning, a speech to a 
 number of people standing in a row. 
 
 HARASS. IK To weary. F. harasser: harasse^ a heavy 
 buckler. 
 
I-IAR— HER 
 
 HARICOT, s. A kind of ragout, generally made of 
 meat-steaks and cut roots. F. haricot, 
 
 HARMONY, s. Agreement; musical concord. G. har- 
 inonia: comp. of haro^ to fit, and monas^ unity. 
 
 HAUGHTY, adj. Arrogant; contemptuous. F. haut^ 
 high ; or from a Saxon word of the same meaning. 
 
 HAUTEUR, s. Pride; haughtiness. F. hauteur: haut^ 
 high. 
 
 HEBDOMADAL, adj. Weekly. L. hebdomada; G. 
 hebdomas., a week: hefita., seven. 
 
 HECATOMB, s. An ancient heathen sacrifice of a 
 hundred head of cattle. 1^. hecatombcs; G. hekatombe: 
 hckaton^ a hundred, and boits., an ox. 
 
 HECTIC, adj. Constitutional. F. hectique: G. hexis^ a 
 habit. 
 
 HEINOUS, adj. Atrocious. F. haincux: from hainCy 
 ill-will. 
 
 HELIOSCOPE. .9. A kind of telescope, or glass, con- 
 trived to enable one to look at the sun without injury 
 to the eye. G. helios^ the sun, and skofieo^ to view. 
 
 HEMISPHERE, s. Half a sphere; half of the earth, 
 G. hemisp hair ion: comp. of hemisu^ half, and s/ihaira.^ 
 a globe, or sphere. 
 
 HEMISTIC. s. Half averse of poetry. G. hemisstichion: 
 he mis u., half, and stichos, a verse. 
 
 HEMORRHAGE, s. A violent flux of blood. G. hai- 
 7norrhagia; haima^ blood, and rhegnumi^ to burst. 
 
 HEMORRHOIDS, s. The piles. Q. haimorr hides; hai- 
 ma., blood, and rheo., to flow. 
 
 HEPTAGON, s. A figure having seven sides and an- 
 gles. G. hefita.^ seven, and gonia^ a corner, or angle. 
 
 HEPTANDRIA. s. A genus of plants with herma- 
 phrodite flowers and seven stamina. G. hejita^ seven, 
 and aiidria^ virility. 
 
 HEPTANGULAR' adj. Having seven angles. G. hefita^ 
 seven, and L. a?igulus, a corner, or angle. 
 
 HEPTARCHY, s. A federal government, consisting 
 of seven states. G. hefita^ seven, and arche^ govern- 
 ment. 
 
 HERCULEAN, adj. Having great strength, or large 
 bodily frame; laborious. — See Hercules^ in the hea- 
 then mythology. 
 [12] 
 
HER— HEX 
 
 HEREDITARY, adj. Descending by inheritance. L. 
 herediiarius — See HEIR. 
 
 PIERESIARCH. s. A leader in heresy. F. heresiarque; 
 G. hairesis, heresy, and arc/ios, a chief. 
 
 HERESY, s. An opinion different from the tenets of 
 the catholic church. F. heresie; G. hairesisi from hai- 
 reo^ to adopt [an opinion.] 
 
 HERETIC. 8. One who propagates or is inclined to 
 heresy. F. heretique; G. hairetikos, — See HERESY. 
 
 HERITAGE, s. Inheritance; estate devolved by suc- 
 cession; estate in general. F. heritage. — See HEIR. 
 
 HERMAPHRODITE, s. An animal, or a plant, which 
 unites the two sexes. F. hermaphrodite; G. Hermes^ 
 Mercury, and Aphrodite^ Venus. 
 
 HERMETICALLY, adv. In a manner practised by 
 chemists, (as hermetically sealed.) G. Hermes^ Mer- 
 cury, the fabled inventor of chemistry. 
 
 HERMIT, s. A person who lives in solitude. F. her- 
 ?nite; G. hermites., alone. 
 
 HERNL\. 8. A corporeal rupture. L. hernia; G. her- 
 nos, a sprout; alluding to its protuberance. 
 
 HERO. 8. A man eminent for bravery; chief personage 
 in a poem or drama. L. heros^ a hero : G. hero8, lovely, 
 delightful. 
 
 HERPES. 8. A species of cutaneous inflammation. L. 
 herpes; G. herfio^ to creep. 
 
 HESITATE. V. To pause. L. h<Z8ito; from hcsreo^ to 
 stick fast. 
 
 HETEROCLITE. s. A noun which varies from the 
 common modes of declension; any person or thing 
 that deviates from the common rule. L. heteroclitum; 
 G. heteros^ another, and klino^ to decline. 
 
 HETERODOX. 8. Differing from an established opi- 
 nion. G. heteros, another, and doxa, an opinion. 
 
 HETEROGENEOUS, adj. Dissimilar in natural quali- 
 ties. G. hetero8^ another, and genos, a kind. 
 
 HEXAGON. 8. A figure having six sides and angles. 
 G. hexy six, and gonia, a corner, or angle. 
 
 HEXAMETER, adj. Relating to verse of six feet. L. 
 hexameter; G. hex^ six, and metron^ measure. 
 
 HEXANGULAR. adj. Having six angles. G. hex^ six, 
 and L. angulus, a corner, or angle. 
 
HEX— HON 
 
 HEXAPOD. s. An animal with six feet. G. hejc, six, 
 and /lodes, (pi. oi fious^) feet. 
 
 HIATUS. 5. A chasm; an omission in writing. L. hia- 
 tus; hio^ to gape. 
 
 HIBERNAL, adj. Relating to winter. L. hibenius^ re- 
 lating to winter. 
 
 HIERARCH. s. The chief of a sacred order. G. hieros, 
 holy, and archos^ a chief. 
 
 HIEROGLYPHIC, s. An emblem by which an idea or 
 word is signified. L. hieroglijjihicus: G. hieros., sacred, 
 and gliifiho^ to carve: because, used anciently in reli- 
 gious writings. 
 
 HILARITY, s. Mirth. L. hilar it as ^ mirth. 
 
 HIPPOGRIFF. s. A winged horse, imagined by the 
 Italian poet, Ariosto. G. hijijios^ a horse, and gru/is^ a 
 griffin. 
 
 HIPPOPOTAMUS, s. The river-horse. L. hi/'fio/iota- 
 mus: G. hi/iposy a horse, and /zo^amos, a river. 
 
 HISTORIOGRAPHER, s. A writer of history. G.his- 
 toria^ history, and grafiho^ to write. 
 
 HISTORY, s. A dignified narration of events; narra- 
 tion. L. historia; G. historia; histor, a witness. 
 
 HISTRIONIC, adj. Theatrical. L. histrio, a stage- 
 player. 
 
 HOMAGE, s. Service paid, and fealty professed, to a 
 sovereign or superior lord; respect shown by external 
 action. F. hommage; L. homagium ; homo<^ a man, 
 and agoj to execute any business, apply to, or treat 
 with. 
 
 HOMICIDE, s. The unpremeditated killing of any hu- 
 man being. L. homicidium; comp. of homo^ a man, or 
 human being, and cxdo^ to kill. 
 
 HOMILY. 6'. A religious discourse read to a congrega- 
 tion. G. homilia; from ho?nileo^ to associate. 
 
 HOMOGENEAL. adj. Having the same nature or 
 principles. G. homos^ like, and genosy a kind. 
 
 HONEST, adj. Upright; sincere; just; chaste, L. /lo- 
 nestus., honourable: honor^ honour, respect. 
 
 HONOUR. 5. Dignity; reputation; nobleness of mind: 
 reverence. L. honor., honour. 
 
 HONORARY, adj. Done in honour; having honour 
 without gain. L. honorarhis. — See FIONOUR. 
 
HOR— HUiM 
 
 HORIZON, s. The line which terminates the view. G. 
 horizon; horizo^ to limit. 
 
 HORIZONTAL, adj. Parallel to the horizon; level.— 
 See HORIZON. 
 
 HOROSCOPE, s. A configuration of the planets by an 
 astrologer, at any particular hour. G. horoskcjios': ho- 
 ra, an hour, and skopeo^ to view. 
 
 HORRID, adj. Hideous; dreadful. L. horridua; hor- 
 reo^ to be rough; to tremble through fear. 
 
 JiORS DE COMBAT. A French ternr, denoting 
 wounded, or rendered, by some other accident, in bat- 
 tle, unfit for immediate service: horfi^ out, de^ of, com- 
 bat., battle. 
 
 HORTATIVE, adj. Exhortive. L. hortativus; from 
 hortor^ to advise. 
 
 HORTICULTURE, s. The art of cultivating gardens. 
 L. hortU gen. of /lortus, a garden, and culture. 
 
 HOSANNA. s. Exclamation of praise to God. G. /lo- 
 sanna; from two Hebrew words; signifying, I pray 
 salvation, I wish prosperity. 
 
 HOSPITABLE, adj. Kind to strangers. L. hoafiitahi- 
 lis; hospitium^ an inn; hos/ics, a guest, or an enter- 
 tainer. 
 
 liOSPITAL. s. A place built for the reception of the 
 sick, or poor. L. hospiialis, belonging to strangers. — 
 See HOSPITABLE. 
 
 ilOST. s. One v»'ho entertains in his own house; the 
 landlord of an inn. F. hoste; L. hof^fies^ an entertainer. 
 An army assembled for war; a multitude: hostis^^.v, 
 enemy. The consecrated wafer in the Roman church : 
 hostia^ a sacrifice for having obtained a victory over 
 enemies; or a sacrifice in general. 
 
 HOSTILE, adj. Adverse; opposed. L, hostilis; from 
 hofites^ a foreigner, a public enemy. 
 
 HUMAN, adj. Relating to mankind. L, humanus; ho- 
 mo.) a man. 
 
 HUMANE, adj. Charitable; merciful. Y. humaine. — 
 •See HUMAN. 
 
 HUMBLE, adj. Low; unassuming. F. humble; L. hii- 
 mills; from humus., the ground. 
 
 HUMID, adj. Moist. L. humidus; humusy the ground. 
 
HUM—HYM 
 
 HUMILITY. 5. Humbleness; freedom from arrogance. 
 V. hu/nilite; L. hum Hit as, — See HUMBLE. 
 
 HUMOUR, s. Bodily moisture; temper of mind; a sort 
 of wit. L. humor. — See HUMID. 
 
 HYDRA, s. A monstrous wa^er-scrpent, with many 
 heads, said to have been slain by Hercules ; a compli- 
 cated mischief. L. hydra; G. hiidor^ water. 
 
 HYDRANT, s. A pipe, with a turncock attached, from 
 which water issues for the convenience of the public, 
 or of a private family. G. hudor^ water. 
 
 HYDRAULICS, s. The art of conveying water through 
 pipes. G. hudor^ water, and aulas, a pipe. 
 
 HYDROCEPHALUS, s. A dropsy in the head. L. 
 hydroccphalos ; G. hudor, water, and kejihald, the 
 head. 
 
 HYDROGEN, s. One of the constituent parts of water. 
 G. hudor^ water, and gennao, to produce. 
 
 HYDROGRAPHER. s. One who draws sea-charts. G. 
 hudor, water, and grapho, to describe. 
 
 HYDROINIETER. s. An instrument for ascertaining 
 the weight of liquids. G. hudor, water, and metreo, to 
 measure. 
 
 HYDROPHOBIA, s. Canine madness; the most strik- 
 ing evidence of which is a dread of water. L. hydro- 
 phobia; G. hudrophobia; hudor, venter, ^nd phobia, 
 fear. 
 
 HYDROPIC, adj. Dropsical. L. hydropicus; G. hu- 
 drops, the dropsy: hudor, water, and ops, an appear- 
 ance. 
 
 HYDROSTATICS, s. The science of the weight and 
 pressure of water. G. hudor, water, and statos, part, 
 of istemi., to stand or sustain. 
 
 HYGROMETER, s. An instrument for denoting the 
 humidity of the atmosphere. G. hugros, moist, and 
 metreo, to measure. 
 
 HYGROSCOPE. s. A hygrometer. G. hugros, moist, 
 and skofieo, to view. 
 
 HYGRO STATICS. *. The science which ascertains 
 degrees of moisture. G. hugros, moist, and statos, 
 part, of istemi, to stand or sustain 
 
 HYMENEAL, adj. Relating to marriage. L. Hymen, 
 the u:od of marriage. 
 
 ['2*3 
 
HYM— HYS 
 
 HYMN. s. A song of praise; a divine song. F. hymne; 
 
 G. humnos^ a song of praise. 
 HYPERBOLA, s. A term in mathematics. G. huperj 
 
 over, and ballo^ to throw. 
 HYPERPOLE'. s. A rhetorical figure, by which any 
 
 thing is increased or diminished beyond the truth. L. 
 
 hyperbole; G. huperbole ; comp. of hujier^ over, and 
 
 hallo ^ to throw. 
 HYPERBOREAN, adj. Northern. L. hyjierboreus; G. 
 
 huper^ above, and Borcan^ the north-wind. 
 HYPERCRITICAL, adj. Captiously exact as a critic, 
 
 G. huper^ above, and critical. — See CRITIC. 
 HYPHEN, s. A mark (-) used to join words, and parts 
 
 of words. G. huphen-f together. 
 HYPOCHONDRIAC, adj. Melancholy; disordered in 
 
 the imagination; a state in which a person is bound 
 
 down, as by some animal cord. F. hypocho?idriacj7iej 
 
 G. /^^/^o, under, and c/io7idros, a cartilage. 
 HYPOCRISY, s. Dissimulation, with regard to moral 
 
 or religious sentiments. G. hupokrisisj hupoy under, 
 
 and krisis.f judging: that is, judging or thinking under 
 
 some cover, or cloak. 
 HYPOGASTRIC, adj. Seated in the lower part of the 
 
 belly. Y. hypo^astrique; G. A2//2 0, under, and ^^a&^t-rj 
 
 the belly. 
 HYPOTHECATE, -v. To deposit as a pledge. L. hy- 
 
 Jiotheca.) a pledge: G. hupo^ irom, and t/ieke, a place 
 
 of deposit. 
 HYPOTHENUSE. s. The longest side of a right-an- 
 gled triangle. G. hiipotenousa; comp. oihupo, under^ 
 
 and teino, to stretch out. 
 HYPOTHESIS, s. A supposition. L. hypothesis; G. 
 
 hupothesis; hupo, before, and thesis., a position. 
 HYSTERIC, or HYSTERICAL, adj. Subject to a spe^ 
 
 cies of fits. G. husterikos; hustera., the womb ; from 
 
 which region, the cause of this female weakness was 
 
 supposed to issue. 
 
lAM— -IGN 
 
 I. 
 
 IAMBUS, s. A poetical foot, consistinj^ of a short syl- 
 lable followed by a long one. L. iambus: G. iambos: 
 from iambizo^ to rail or revile ; the ia.mbic measure 
 having' been originally used only in satire. 
 
 ICHOR, s. A thin, watery humour. G. iclior^ raw or 
 immature blood. 
 
 ICHTHYOLOGY, s. The science of the nature of 
 fishes. G. ichthuologia: comp. of ichthua-^ a fish, and 
 logos^ a description. 
 
 ICTERICAL. adj. AfBicted with jaundice. L. icteri- 
 ciis: G. iktei'Cfs^ the jaundice. 
 
 IDEA. s. A mental conception. G.idea: fromeiV/o,to see; 
 that is, in the mind. 
 
 IDENTITY. *. Sameness. L. idanitas : idem, the 
 same. 
 
 IDES. s. A term in the Roman kalendar, denoting the 
 13th day of each month, except in March, May, July, 
 and October, in which it relates to the 15th. L. iduii. 
 The further etymology of this word is so obscure, 
 that I will not attempt to display it. 
 
 IDIOM, s, A mode of speech peculiar to a language. 
 G. idioma: from idio.^, peculiar. 
 
 IDIOT, s. A fool. L. idiota: G. idios, deprived. 
 
 IDOL. s. An image worshiped as God; one loved or 
 honoured almost to adoration. L. idolum; G. eidolon, 
 an image: from eido, to see. 
 
 IGNEOUS, adj. Containing fire. L. igneus: ignis, fire, 
 
 IGNIS-FATUUS. s. A meteor arising from marshes 
 or stagnant waters; will-o-the-wisp. L. ignis, fire, and 
 fatuus, foolish or flashy. 
 
 IGNITE, -0. To kindle. L. ignis, fire. 
 
 IGNOMINIOUS, adj. Disgraceful. L. ignominiosus; 
 from igno?ni7iia, properly a mark of disgrace prefixed 
 to a man's name by the Roman censors: ignavus, 
 slothful or cowardly, and 7iomen, a nam.e. 
 
 IGNORAMUS, s. Signifies " we do not perceive any 
 crime;" a verdict of acquittal given by a grand jury. 
 L. ignoro, to be ignorant^ 
 
IGN—IMB 
 
 IGNORANT, adj. Wanting knowledge; untaught. F. 
 
 ignorant: L. ignorans^ part, of ignoro, not to know. 
 IGNORE. V. To quash a bill of -indictment, by writing 
 
 on it the word ignora?nus. — See IGNORAMUS. 
 ILLATIVE, adj. Relating to mference or conclusion. 
 
 L. Hiatus^ p. part, oiinfero: comp. of m, into, and/>- 
 
 ro^ to bring. 
 ILLAUDIBLE. adj. Not deserving praise or approba- 
 tion. L, illaudabilis: comp. of m, not, and laudabilis, 
 
 praiseworthy : laudo^ to praise. 
 ILLEGAL, adj. Not lawful. L. m, not, and legal. 
 ILLEGIBLE, adj. Impossible to be read. L. iw, not, 
 
 and legible. 
 ILLEGITIMATE, ar//. Irregular; not born in wedlock. 
 
 L. /«, not, and legitimate. 
 ILLIBERAL, adj. Not liberal; not generous; sparing. 
 
 L. illiberalis: in^ not, and liberalise genteel, liberal: 
 
 liber., free. 
 ILLICIT, adj. Unlawful. L. illicitus: from ztz, not, and 
 
 liceo.) to be lawful. 
 ILLITERATE, adj. Unlearned; untaught. L. illitera- 
 
 tus: comp. of in^ without, and liter a ^ letters. 
 ILLUMINATE, v. To enlighten; to adorn with lights. 
 
 L. illumino: in^ into, and lumen., light. 
 ILLUDE. -v. To deceive, or mock. L. illudo: i?i, against, 
 
 and ludo, to sport. 
 ILLUSION. 5. Deception; error, h. illusio. — See IL- 
 LUDE. 
 ILLUSTRATE, v. To explain. L. illustro: in^ con- 
 cerning, and lustro^ to purify; that is, to free from 
 
 obscurity. 
 ILLUSTRIOUS, adj. Conspicuously eminent for good 
 
 qualities; noble. L. illustris, bright. 
 IMBECILE, adj. Weak; ineffectual. L. imbecilis, weak. 
 IMBIBE. V. To draw in; to absorb; to acquire. L. iyn^ 
 
 bibo: comp. of m, into, and biboy to drink. 
 IMBRICATED, adj. Indented with cavities; hollowed 
 
 like a gutter-tile. L. iJnbricis, gen. oiimbrex^ a small 
 
 canal or gutter to carry off rain : imber, a shower of 
 
 rain. 
 IMBUE. V. To tincture deeply; to furnish completel}^ 
 
 L. imbuo^ to dye, or soak. 
 
IMM— IMP 
 
 lAIMACULATE. adj. Spotless; pure; -without a mo- 
 ral blemish. L. immaculatus: from in^ without, and 
 macula^ a spot. 
 
 IMMATURE, adj. Unripe; unfinished; hasty. L. iiu 
 not, and mature. 
 
 IMMEMORIAL, adj. Beyond human remembrance, or 
 tradition. L. z>?, not, or without, and memorial. 
 
 IMMENSE, adj. Unlimited; huge. L. immensus; i?2, 
 not, and 77iensus, (part, of metjor^') measured. 
 
 IMMERGE. V. To immerse. L. imjnergo; in^ within, 
 and marf(0, the brink. 
 
 IMMERSE. V. To dip; to engage deeply. L. immer- 
 sum., sup. o^ immcrgo. — See IM.MERGE. 
 
 IMMINENT, adj. Impending; threatening. L. hnmi- 
 nens; in, towards, and minor.^ to threaten. 
 
 IMMISCIBLE, adj. Not capable of being intermixed. 
 L. in, not, and miscible. 
 
 IMMOBILITY, s. Immoveableness; resistance to mo- 
 tion. F. immobilite; L. in, without, and mobilitas, mo- 
 bility, or activity; moveo, to move. 
 
 IMMOLATE, -v. To sacrifice. L. immolo; comp. of m, 
 upon, and moles, a pile. 
 
 IMTvIORAL. adj. Against the laws of natural religion; 
 dishonest. L. in, not, and moral. 
 
 IMMORTAL, adj. Exempt from death; everlasting. 
 L. in, not, and mortal. 
 
 IMMUNITY, s. Privilege; exemption. F. immunite; 
 L. immunitas: in, without, munus, a reward. 
 
 IMMURE. V. To imprison. L. in, within, and viuruss 
 a wall. 
 
 IMMUTABLE, adj. Unchangeable; unalterable. L. 27?, 
 not, and mutable. 
 
 IMPALPABLE, adj. Imperceptible by touch. L. in, 
 not, and palpable. 
 
 IMPARTIAL, adj. Free from regard to party; just. L- 
 in, not, and partial. 
 
 IMPEACH, -v. To accuse; to accuse by public autho- 
 rity. F. emjitcher, to hinder; because, the accused is 
 supposed to be arrested, or obstructed in his usual 
 employments and rights. 
 
 IMPEDE. V. To delay; to obstruct. L. imficdio; from 
 j«5 against, Xi\6. pedes, (pl. oipes,) the feet. 
 
IMP—IMP 
 
 IMPEND. V, To hang over, as if threatening. L. hn- 
 jiendeo; in^ upon, Rud fiendeo^ to hang from. 
 
 IMPENITENT, adj. Unrepenting; obdurate. L. m,not, 
 and penitent. 
 
 IMPENNOUS. adj. Without wings. L. in, without, 
 fieiuia, a quill, or wing. 
 
 IMPERATIVE, adj. Commanding; absolutely required. 
 L. imfierativus; imfiero.^ to command. 
 
 IMPERIAL, adj. Relating to empire, or to an empire, 
 in the same manner as regal, or royal, relates to a 
 kingdom. L. imp.erialis ; imJiero<f to rule. 
 
 IMPERIOUS, adj. Arrogant; powerful. L. iijifierio- 
 susj from impero, to rule or command. 
 
 JMPERIUM JjY IMPERIO. One government with- 
 in, or subject to, another; exemplified in the relation 
 which the several states of America bear to the fede- 
 ral government. L. imjierium, a government, m, with- 
 in, ivifierio^ a government. 
 
 IMPERTINENT, adj. Of no relation to the matter in 
 debate; intrusive. L. in, not, and pertinent. 
 
 IMPERVIOUS. Gf/;. Impenetrable. L,.imjierviiis; comp. 
 of m, without, ?iVid. jierviiuyi, a passage: per, through, 
 and 'Via, a way. 
 
 IMPETUOUS, adj. Violent; passionate. F. impetueux. 
 —See IMPETUS. 
 
 IMPETUS. 5. Violent tendency to any point; violent 
 effort. L. impetus, natural desire or instinct: ivipeto, 
 to invade; in, into, and/^f/o, to desire. 
 
 IMPINGE. V. To strike. L. impingo; from in, against, 
 and fiango, to strike. 
 
 IMPIOUS, adj. Irreligious; wicked. L. impius; in, not, 
 and pius, religious, or just. 
 
 IMPLACABLE, adj. Not to be appeased. L. implaca- 
 bilis; in, not, and placeo, to please. 
 
 IMPLEMENT, s. A tool. L. implementum; from im- 
 pleo, to fill, or accomplish, and mens, an intention. 
 
 IMPLETION. s. The act of filling, or state of being 
 full. L. imjileo, to fill. 
 
 IINIPLICATE. -z'. To entangle; to involve. L. implicoi 
 in, together, and piico, to knit, or fold. 
 
 IMPLICIT, adj. Inferred; not expressed; resting upon 
 another; trusting without reserve or examination. L. 
 
IMP—IMP 
 
 imfilicitus; p. part, of imjilico; in^ in, and plico^ to 
 Ibid. 
 
 IMPLORE. V. To solicit in a suppliant manner. L. ini' 
 ploro; i?i, towards, and y^/oro, to weep, or cry out. 
 
 IMPLY. V. To include as a consequence or conconii- 
 tant. L. implico; in^ into, and /i//co, to fold. 
 
 IMPLUMOUS. adj. Without feathers. L. imfilumis; 
 in^ without, ?ii\d plumay a feather. 
 
 IMPORT'. V. To bring from abroad; to imply. L. im- 
 porto: comp. of in^ into, and //ori"©, to carry. 
 
 IM'PORT. s. Tendency; meaning: pi. merchandise im- 
 ported. — See the verb. 
 
 IMPORTANT, adj. Momentous; considerable. L. im- 
 portans., part, of im/iorto: i?i, into, and porto, to carry; 
 meaning, to carry something weighty or effective. 
 
 IMPORTUNE. V. To teaze; to solicit unceasingly. L. 
 imfiortunitas., importunity, unreasonableness: /t?, to- 
 wards, and /zor^o, to carry; meaning, to carry a solici- 
 tation frequently. 
 
 IMPOSE. V. To lay on as a burthen or penalty; to ex- 
 act; to cheat. F. imposer; L. impositum^ sup. of m- 
 pono: in^ upon, and /2ono, to place. 
 
 IMPOSSIBLE, adj. Impracticable. L. m, not, and pos- 
 sible. 
 
 IMPOST, s. A tax. F. impost; L. impositus. — See IM- 
 POSE. 
 
 IMPOTENT, adj. Powerless; weak. L. impotens; in^ 
 not, and potens^ (part, oi possum.,) able. 
 
 IMPRECATE. V. To pray for evil. L. imprecor: m, 
 against, and precor., to pray. 
 
 IMPREGNABLE, adj. Not to be entered, or subdued. 
 F. imprenable.) (formerly impregnable;) L. i/2, not, and 
 proigno^ to fill. 
 
 IMPREGNATE, -u. To saturate; to make pregnant. L. 
 7Vi, into, and fircegno., to fill. 
 
 IMPRESS. V. To imprint; to constrain. L. iwpressumy 
 sup. of imprimo; comp. of z'/z, into, and premo,, to 
 press. 
 
 IMPRIMATUR. A term giving permission to print, 
 in countries where the press is not free, but subject 
 to a censor. L. imprimatur,) "let it be printed:'* ivi' 
 4irimQ to print. 
 
IMP— INC. 
 
 IMPROMPTU. A witticism, produced without prepa- 
 ration. L. impromptu^ in readiness. 
 
 IMPUDENT, ac//. Immodest; intrusive, l^.imfiudens; 
 in, without, and fiudor, shame. 
 
 IMPUGN. V. To oppose. L. impugno; in, against, and 
 pug no, to fight. 
 
 IMPULSE, s. Communicated force; motive. L. impul- 
 sus, p. part, of impello ; in, against, and pello, to 
 drive. 
 
 IMPUNITY, s. Freedom from punishment. F. impuni- 
 te; L. impunitas ; in, not, and punio, to punish. 
 
 IMPUTE, -v. To attribute. L. imputo: comp. of in, 
 concerning, and/zz/^o, to suppose. 
 
 INACCESSIBLE, adj. Not to be reached. L. in, not, 
 and accessible. 
 
 INACCURATE, adj. Incorrect. L. in, not, and accu- 
 rate. 
 
 INADVERTENCE, s. Carelessness; inattention. L. 
 in, not, and advertens, part, of adverto, to turn to: 
 ad, towards, and verto, to turn. 
 
 INALIENABLE, adj. Not to be granted or given 
 away to another. L. in, not, and alienable.— See ALI- 
 ENATE. 
 
 INANIMATE, adj. Without life; dull. L. inanimatus; 
 from in, without, and anima, breath, or soul. 
 
 INANITY, s. Emptiness; void space. L. inanitas; ijia- 
 nis, empty. 
 
 INAUDIBLE, adj. Not possible to be heard. L. in, not, 
 and audible. 
 
 INCANTATION, s. Charms uttered by singing; pre- 
 tended enchantment. F. incantation; L. incanto, to 
 enchant; in, into, and canto, to repeat often the same 
 thing: cano, to sing. 
 
 INCARCERATE, v. To imprison. L. incarcero; from 
 in, into, and career, a prison. 
 
 INCARNATE, adj. Embodied with flesh. L. incarna- 
 tus, p. part, of iiicarno, to embody with flesh ; iii, into, 
 and carne7}i, accus. of caro, flesh. 
 
 INCARNATION, s. The assumption of body. F. in- 
 carnation. — See INCARNATE". 
 
 INCENDIARY, s. One who burns any thing mali- 
 
INC— INC 
 
 ciously; a conspirator. L. inceiidiarius; inceiicio^ to act 
 on fire. 
 
 IN 'CENSE, s. Perfume exhaled by fire, in honour of 
 a deity; flattery. L. incensiuii ; incendo^ to set on 
 fire. 
 
 INCENSE', r. To enrage. L. inceiisiuriy sup. of incendoy 
 to set on fire. 
 
 INCENTIVE, s. Provocation; incitement. L. ihcenti- 
 vum; from incendo. — See INCENSE'. 
 
 INCEPTIVE, v. Noting a beginning. L. inccfitivus; 
 from ifici/u'o, to begin, 
 
 INCESSANT, adj. Unceasing. L. i?7, not, and cessa7is, 
 part, of cedo^ to desist. 
 
 INCEST, s. Unnatural and criminal connexion of per- 
 sons within prohibited degrees of consanguinity. L. 
 incestum; in<, not, and castus, chaste, or pure. 
 
 INCINERATE, v. To burn to ashes. L. in, into, and 
 cineres, ashes. 
 
 INCISION. .5. A cut. L. incisio; inciszis, p. part, of m- 
 cido; in, into, and ccedo, to cut. 
 
 INCITE, -v. To urge on. L, incito; in, to, and citum^ 
 sup. of cieo, to move. 
 
 INCLEMENT, adj. Unmerciful; severe. L. in, not, 
 and Clemens, merciful. 
 
 INCLINE, -v. To bend, or lean; to be favourable. L. m- 
 clino; in, towards, and clino, to bend. 
 
 INCLUDE. V. To comprise. L. includo; in, in, and 
 claudo, to shut. 
 
 INCLUSIVE, adj. Comprised. F. inclusif; L. inclu- 
 sus, p. part, of inclicdo.- — See INCLUDE. 
 
 IJ^COGXITA. Unknown; applied to a single thing 
 of the feminine gender, — as, terra incognita, the un- 
 known country; the fair incognita, or unknown fe- 
 male: or to several things of the neuter gender. L. 
 incognitus; in, not, and cognosce, to know. 
 
 lA'COG.YITO. A term, abbr. incog., which denotes a 
 concealment of the proper person or rank, when tra- 
 velling, or in any public place of amusement. — See. 
 lA^COG.YIJ'J. 
 
 INCOHERENT, adj. Unconnected; inconsistent. L. 
 in, not, and coherent. 
 
 £13] 
 
INC— IND 
 
 INCOMMODE. V. To inconveniencb. L. incominodo'; 
 
 in., not, and commodo^ to help. 
 INCOMPATIBLE, adj. Inconsistent. L. m, not, and 
 
 compatible. 
 INCONTINENT, cf//. Variable; inconstant; unchaste. 
 
 L. nz, not, and continent. 
 INCORPORATE, v. To unite; to form into a corpo- 
 ration. L. m, into, and corporate. 
 INCORPOREAL. G^/. ^^ot corporeal; spiritual. L. m, 
 
 not, and corporeal. 
 INCORRIGIBLE, adj. Bad beyond amendment. L. in, 
 
 not, and corrigible. 
 INCREMENT, s. Increase; produce. L. incremcntum; 
 
 from incresco, to increase. 
 INCUBATION, s. Hatching. L. incubatio; incubo, to 
 
 lie or sit on. 
 INCULCATE. V, To impress on the mind by frequent 
 
 repetitions. L. inculco, to drive in. 
 INCUMBENT, adj. Lying on; imposed as a duty. L. 
 
 incumbens., part, oi incumbo, to lean upon. 
 INCUMBENT, s. He who is in possession of a bene- 
 fice. — See the adjective. 
 INCUMBER. V. To oppress; to inconvenience. F. en- 
 
 combrer; L. incumbo., to lean upon. 
 INCUR. -V. To become liable to; to cause. L. incurro; 
 
 in, into, and curro, to run. 
 INCURSION, s. Inroad. L. incursio; comp. of m, into, 
 
 and cursuvi, sup. oi curro, to run. 
 INDECOROUS, adj. Indecent. L. in, not, and deco- 
 rous. 
 INDEFATIGABLE, adj. Not to be wearied. L. inde- 
 
 fatigabilis; in, not, and defatigo, to weary. 
 INDEFEISIBLE. adj. Not to be annulled. F. indefai- 
 
 sible; in, signifying, not, and defaire, to undo. 
 INDEFINITE, adj. Unlimited; undetermined. L. in, 
 
 not, and definite. 
 INDELIBLE, adj. Not to be blotted out or effaced, 
 
 never to be forgotten. L. indelibilis; in', not, and deleo. 
 
 to blot out. 
 INDEMNIFY, v. To secure against loss. L. in, not, 
 
 and an obsolete English word, damnify; damnum. 
 
 hurt. 
 
IND— INB 
 
 INDENT. V. To mark or cut in the form of a row of 
 teeth. L. in, after the manner of, and dentts, (pi. of 
 de?is,) teeth. 
 
 INDENTURE, s. A written document, of which there 
 is at least one counterpart: from indent; because, the 
 several writings, placed one upon another, are in- 
 dented, with a knife; so that, when, at any future 
 time, laid together again, a forgery can be detected, 
 if there appears any disagreement in the parts in- 
 dented. 
 
 INDEX. *. A discoverer; a pointer; table of contents. 
 E. ijidcx: indictus, p. part, of indico.-—'Scc INDI- 
 CATE. 
 
 INDICATE. V. To show. L. indico: in, concerning, and 
 dico, to say. 
 
 INDICATIVE, adj. Showing; simplv affirming, as< 
 ^' I love." L. indicativus.—SQe INDICATE. 
 
 INDICES. &'. Algebraic quantities. L. indices, pi. of 
 index. — See INDEX. 
 
 INDIGENOUS, adj. Originally produced in a country ; 
 not exotic. L. indiifetia, a native: G. endon, within, 
 and gennao, to produce. 
 
 INDIGENT, adj. Needy; poor. L. indigens, part, of 
 indigeo, to be needy. 
 
 INDISPENSABLE.' adj. Not to be spared; csscntially 
 necessary. L. in, not, and dispensable. — See DIS- 
 PENSE. 
 
 INDIVIDUAL, adj. Separate from others of the same 
 kind; single. L. individuiis: in, not, and divide, to 
 divide; meaning, one that cannot be subdivided. 
 
 INDIVISIBLE, adj. Not possible to be divided. L. in, 
 not, and divisible. 
 
 INDOLENT, adj. Careless; lazy. L. in, not, and do- 
 lenft, part, of dolco, to fret. 
 
 INDUBITABLE, adj. Unquestionable; certain. L. 7/2- 
 dubitabilis: comp. of in, not, and dubium, a doubt. 
 
 INDUCE, -v. To influence. L. induco: in, towards, and 
 diico, to lead. 
 
 INDUCTION, s. A term in logic, expressing a mode 
 of argument more tedious than a syllogism ; by which, 
 from several particular propositions, we infer one 
 general proposition. It is used also to denote the taking 
 
IND— l.NF 
 
 possession of an ecclesiastical living. L. inductio: from 
 
 />2, into, and ductus^ p. part, of duco, to lead. 
 INDUE. x\ To invest; to furnish. L. induo^ to put on, 
 
 or cover over. 
 INDURATE, -v. To harden. L. iyidiivQ: from m, into, 
 
 and dicrusy hard. 
 INEBRIATION, s. Intoxication. L. 272, into, and ebri- 
 
 etas^ drunkenness. 
 INERT, adj. Inactive; slug-gish; motionless. L. i72ers-: 
 
 ?>2, without, and ars, power, or art. 
 INESTIMABLE, adj. Invaluable. L. i7iestimabiils; in^ 
 
 not, and c^stimo.^ to value. 
 INEVITABLE, adj. Unavoidable; certain. L. inevita- 
 
 bilh: in, not, and evito, to shun. 
 INEXORABLE, adj. Not to be entreated; inflexible. 
 
 L. inexorabilis: in., not, ex, from, and orari, (innn. of 
 
 07'or,) to be entreated. 
 INEXPLICABLE, adj. Incapable of being explained. 
 
 L. inexpHcabilis: in., not, and exfilico, to unfold. 
 INFALLIBLE, adj. Free from the possibility of error;, 
 
 certain. L. m, not, and fallible. 
 INFAMOUS, adj. Publicly branded with guilt. L. in- 
 
 /amis: in, without, andyhmc, reputation. 
 INFANT. s.A young child; in law, a minor. L. in/ansy 
 
 w^itliout speech. 
 INFANT, adj. In a state of commencement. — See the 
 
 noun. 
 INFANTICIDE, s. The murder of a child. L. i77fan^ 
 
 ticidium; comp. of i7ifans, a child, and aedo, to kill. 
 INFANTRY, s. Foot soldiers. F. i77fantn-ie: enfant, 
 
 an infant; meaning, that those soldiers are small, in 
 
 comparison with cavalry. 
 INFATUATE. x>. To deprive of understanding. L. zVz- 
 
 fatuo: in, into, ^.ndfatuus, silly. 
 INFECT. V. To taint; to pollute. L. infectnm, sup. of 
 
 inJiciG, to stain: in, into, and j'hc/o, to make. 
 INFER. V. To deduce. L. infer 0: from in, into, and 
 
 fcro, to bring. 
 INFERIOR, adj. Lower in place; subordinate: L. i7i- 
 
 ferior, lower: positive, infra, beneath; comp. itifc- 
 
 rior^ lower; sup. infrnus^ lowest. 
 
INF— INF 
 
 INFERNAL, adj. Relating to hell; atrocious. L. m- 
 fcryiiis^ situated below. 
 
 INFEST, u. To harass. L. infesto^ to trouble. 
 
 INFIDEL, s. An unbeliever in regard to religious 
 tenets. L. infidelis: in, without, Jides, faith, or belief. 
 
 INFINITE, adj. Unlimited; very large. L. injijiitus: 
 in, not, 2iii6. Jinis, an end. 
 
 INFIRM, adj. Tottering; weak. L. m, not, and firm. 
 
 INFLAME, -u. To kindle; to provoke. L. injlammo: 
 in, into, 2Cii^ flamnia, a liame. 
 
 INFLATE, -u. To swell with wind; to fill with the 
 breath; to make turgid. L. ijijiatum, sup. of injio: 
 from in, into, and flo, to blow. 
 
 INFLECTION, or INFLEXION, s. The act of bend- 
 ing; variation of a noun or verb. L. itijlcctio, or in- 
 flexio: from injiecto: in, in, or towards, and y/cc/^o, to 
 bend. 
 
 INFLEXIBLE, adj. Not possible to be bent, or pre- 
 vailed on. L. inJLexibilis: in, not, 2,\i^ji€cto, to bend. 
 
 INFLICT. V. To impose as a punishment. L. injiic- 
 tum, Slip, of injlig'o: in, upon, and Jiigo, to beat. 
 
 INFLUENCE, s. Power of effecting. L. injluens, part, 
 of injliio: comp. of in, into, and Jiuo, to fiow, or 
 proceed. 
 
 -INFLUX, s. Act of flowing into. L. infiuxus, part, of 
 injiuo: in, into, and Jiuo, to flow. 
 
 INFOLIATE. V. To cover with a resemblance of 
 leaves. L. in, upon, folium, a leaf. 
 
 /.A' FORMA PAUPERIS. In the form of a poor 
 man ; a law phrase, to denote a certain privilege 
 granted, in the English courts, to those who cannot 
 afford the expense of a lawsuit. L. in, in, format 
 the form, fiauficris, (gen. of fiaufier,) a poor man. 
 
 INFRACTION, s. Breach. L. infractio: in, into, and 
 fractus, p. part. o{ frango, to break. 
 
 INFRANGIBLE, adj. Not possible to be broken. L. 
 in, not, and frangible. 
 
 INFRINGE. V. To violate. L. infringo; from in, into, 
 and,/7'cn§'o, to break. 
 
 INFURIATE, -v. To enrage. L. in, into, and furia, a 
 - fury or fiend. 
 
 113*1 
 
INF— INJ 
 
 INFUSE. V. To pour into; to inspire. F. infa&er; L. hi' 
 fusum^ sup. of in/undo; from in, into, and fundo, to 
 
 pour. 
 INGENIOUS, adj. Having genius; inventive. L. in- 
 
 geniosus ; ingenium^ capacity, wit: m, in, and G. gen- 
 
 nao, to beget. 
 INGENUOUS, adj. Candid; generous. L. bigenuua, 
 
 of good extraction, honest. 
 INGRATIATE, -v. To recommend to kindness. L. /?z, 
 
 into, and gratia, affection, or favour. 
 INGRESS, s. Entrance. L. ingressus; i7i, into, and 
 
 grcssus, part, of gi-adior, to step. 
 INGUINAL, adj. Relating to tlie gix)in. L. ingiiinis, 
 
 gen. of inguen, the groin. 
 INHABIT, -v. To dwell in. L. in, in, and habito, to 
 
 dwell: habeo, to possess. 
 INHALE. V. To draw in [to the lungs.] L. Inhalo; 
 
 comp. of in, into, and kalo, to breathe. 
 INHERENT, adj. Naturally conjoined. L. iiihcerens^ 
 
 part, of inhxreo; in, in, and hareo, to stick. 
 INHERIT, -v. To receive or possess by inheritance. F. 
 
 inheriter. — See FIEIR. 
 INHIBIT. V. To restrain; to prohibit. L. inhibeo; in, 
 
 against, and habeo, to have or hold; meaning, some 
 
 obstruction. 
 INHUMATE. V. To bury. L. inhumo; from in, into, 
 
 and humus, the ground. 
 "INIMICAL, adj. Hostile. L. inimicus; in, not, and aini- 
 
 cus, a friend. 
 INIQUITY. 8. Injustice; crime. F. iniquite ; L. i7i- 
 
 iquitas i iniquus, unequal: in, not, and aquus^ 
 
 equal. 
 INITIAL, adj. At the beginning. L. initialis; initium^ 
 
 a beginning; in, into, and itio, a going: itmn, sup. oi 
 
 CG, to go. 
 INITIATE. V. To enter; to introduce. L. initio. — See 
 
 INITIAL. 
 INJECT. V. To force into. L. injectum, sup. of i?7Jicio; 
 
 in, into, and ;ac?o, to throw. 
 INJUDICIOUS, adj. Unwisely judged, or designed. L. 
 
 in, not, and judicious. 
 
iKJ__IXQ 
 
 INJUNCTION, s. Command or rule, associated with 
 some business or duty. L. injunctio; iiijiuictudj p. 
 part, of irijungo; in^ with, and jungo, to join. 
 
 INJURE. V. To hurt unjustly; to damage. L. injuria; 
 in, against, andjurisy gen. o^ Jus, right. 
 
 INNATE, adj. Born with; inherent. L. innatua, part, 
 of innascor; in, in, and nascor, to be born. 
 
 INNOCENT, adj. Guiltless; innocuous. L. irmocens; 
 from fw, not, and nocens, part, of noceo, to hurt. 
 
 INNOCUOUS, adj. Harmless in effect. L. innocuus; 
 in, not, and noceo, to hurt. 
 
 INNOVATE. X'. To introduce something new or un- 
 common, (which is thought inconvenient or danger- 
 ous.) L. innovo; from in, into, and novus, new. 
 
 INNOXIOUS, adj. Free from mischievous effects, ov 
 from crimes. L. innoxiiis; in, not, and noce(r, to hurt. 
 
 INNUENDO, s. Oblique hint. L. innuendo, by nod- 
 ding; abl. gerund of /;i;/iio; i/?, towards, and iiuo, to 
 nod. 
 
 INNUMERABLE, adj. Not possible to be counted ; ex- 
 tremely numerous. L. innumerabilis; comp. of m, not, 
 and numero, to reckon. 
 
 INOCULATE. -V. To insert a bud or cutting of one 
 plant in another ; to insert the virus of the small pox, 
 or to vaccinate. L. inocido; in, into, and oculus, an 
 eye ; meaning the eye of the bud. 
 
 INODOROUS, adj. Without perfume. L. inodorosus ^ 
 in, without, and odos, smell. 
 
 INORDINATE, adj. Irregular; disorderly. 'LAnordina- 
 
 tufi; in, without, and ordo, a rule. 
 /./y PROPRIA PER^OA'A. In his (or her) own per- 
 son; in personal attendance. L. in, in, iiroliria, pro- 
 per, jiersona, person. 
 INQUEST, s. Inquiry authorized by law. F. cnqiieste; 
 L. in, into, and quasitus, p. part, of quaro, to seek or 
 inquire. 
 INQUIRE. V. To ask a question; to search. L. inquiro; 
 
 in, into, and qu(zro, to seek. 
 INQUISITION, s. Inquest; prison, established under 
 papal authority, for the examination and punishment 
 of heretics: L. inquiaitio, — See INQUEST. 
 
INS— INS 
 
 INSANE, adj. Of unsound mind. L. insanus; comp. of 
 in^ not, and scmus., healthy. 
 
 INSATIABLE, adj. Greedy, so as not to be satisfied. 
 L. insatiabilis: in.^ not, and satio, to satisfy. 
 
 INSATIATE, adj. Insatiable. L. insatiatus. — See IN- 
 SATIABLE. 
 
 INSCRIBE. V. To write in, or on; or to dedicate. L. 
 inscribo: from m, in, on, or to, and scribo, to write. 
 
 INSCRIPTION, s. Something inscribed. L. inscriptio: 
 iriHcrijitus.. p. part, of m.scrii^o. — See INSCRIBE. 
 
 INSCRUTABLE, adj. Unsearchable; undiscoverable. 
 L. vtscrutabilis: in^ not, and scriito^ to explore. 
 
 INSECT, s. A small animal, having a separation in the 
 middle of its body, joined by a ligature; as in a com- 
 mon fly. L. insectus^ notched. 
 
 INSERT, -v. To place in, or into, or amongst. L. iii- 
 sertiim^ sup. of insero: in^ in, and sero., to plant. 
 
 INSIDIOUS, adj. Sly; treacherous. L. iiisidiosus: from 
 insidia^ a trap. 
 
 INSIGNIFICANT, adj. V\7ithout a meaning; unim- 
 portant; contemptible. L. m, not, and significant. 
 
 INSINUATE. V. To introduce gently; to hint. L. in- 
 sinuo: from //z, into, and sinus, the bosom. 
 
 INSIPID, adj. Not affecting the palate; uninteresting. 
 L. insipidus: in, without, and sapor, savour. 
 
 INSIST. V. Not to recede from terms or assertions; to 
 persist in. L. itisisto; in, in, and sisto, to continue. 
 
 INSOLENT, adj. Contemptuous; haughty. L. inso- 
 leris: in, not, and salens, part, of soleo, to be accus- 
 tomed ; (the derivation of this word cannot easily be 
 explained.) 
 
 INSOLUBLE, adj. Not soluble; not possible to be 
 made fluid. L. in, not, and soluble. 
 
 INSOLVABLE. adj. Not solvable; inextricable. L. in, 
 not, and solvable. 
 
 INSOLVENT, adj. Unable to pay. L. in, not, and sol- 
 vent. 
 
 INSPECT. V. To examine. L. inspecto: in, into, and 
 specto, to eye carefully: spectum, sup. of specio, to 
 see. 
 
 INSPERSION. s. A sprinkling upon. L. inspersio: 
 
INS— INT 
 
 .'iujiersiis, p. part. o{ mspergo: in, upon, and apargo^^ 
 to strew, or sprinkle. 
 
 INSPIRE. V. To breathe into; to animate. L. insfiiro: 
 in, into, and s/iiro, to breathe. 
 
 INSPISSATE. V. To thicken. L. 272, into, and nfiissus, 
 clammy. 
 
 INSTALL. V. To perform a particular ceremony of 
 admitting- to an oftke or dignity. F. in&-taUe?\' en, 
 into, and sialic, a seat for dignified clergymen: stalle, 
 is from a Saxon word, denoting an enclosed place or 
 bench. 
 
 INvSTANT. s. A point of time; adj. noting the present 
 month. F. instant-, L. instans, part, of insto: in, in, and 
 sto, to stand. 
 
 IA'-STAjXTER. 6. Instantly. L.— See INSTANT. 
 
 LY STATU QUO. In the former state; without any 
 change. L. in, in, statu, abl. of status, the state, quo, 
 abl. of qui, in which [it was.] 
 
 INSTIGATE. V. To urge or incite [to a crime.] L, 
 i7istigo, to urge forward. 
 
 INSTINCT, adj. The desire or aversion which causes 
 action without the use of reason. L. instinctus, an in- 
 ward motion. 
 
 INSTITUTE, t;. To establish, appoint, or enact. L. in- 
 stituo; from in, in, and statuo, to erect. 
 
 INSTRUCT. V. To teach; to direct; to inform; L. in- 
 structum, sup. of instruo: in, in, and struo, to pile up, 
 or build. 
 
 INSTRUMENT, s. A tool ; a machine; a written do- 
 cument. L. instrumentum: instruo, to prepare, and 
 mens, an intention. 
 
 INSULAR, adj. Relating to an island. L. insularis: in- 
 sula, an island. 
 
 INSULATE, -v. To make like an island; to remove all 
 connexion.-— See INSULAR. 
 
 INSUPERABLE, adj. Invincible; insurmountable. L. 
 insufierabilis: in, not, and sufiero, to climb over: su- 
 per, above, and eo, to go. 
 
 INTEGER. «. A whole; a whole number. L. integer^ 
 entire. 
 
 INTEGRAL, adj. Whole; complete. F. jVz^e^ra/.— -See 
 INTEGER. 
 
INT— INT 
 
 INTEGRITY, s. State of being undivided; honesty. L. 
 
 ■integ-ritas. — See INTEGER. 
 INTELLECT, s. The understanding. L. intellectiis: 
 
 intelUgo^ to understand. 
 INTELLIGIBLE, adj. Possible to be understood. L. 
 
 intelligibilis: intelligo^ to understand. 
 INTEND. V. To purpose; to design. L. intendo; comp. 
 
 of z>2, towards, and tendo, to stretch. 
 INTENDANT. s. In France, means a superintending 
 
 officer. F. intendant. — See INTEND. 
 INTENSE, adj. Denoting an extreme degree. L. in- 
 
 ie72sus, p. part, of iiitendo : iuy into, and tcjido, to 
 
 stretch. 
 INTENT, adj. Anxiously attentive, or diligent. L. iu- 
 
 tentusy p. part, of mtendo. — See INTENSE. 
 INTENTION, s. Purpose, or desie;n. L. ijitentio. — See 
 
 INTEND. 
 INTER. V. To bury. F. enterrer: L. z«, into, and terra^ 
 
 the earth. 
 INTERCALAR, or INTERCALARY, adj. Addi- 
 tional, to preserve the equation of time; as, the 29th 
 
 of February, in a leap year. L. intercalarius; from ?7i- 
 
 tercaloy to insert. 
 INTERCEDE, -v. To mediate. L. interccdo, to come 
 
 between. 
 INTERCEPT. XK To stop on the way. L. intercefi- 
 
 tiimy sup. of intercipio: inter.) between, and cafiio^ to 
 
 take. 
 INTERCESSION, s. Mediation. L. intercessio: inter- 
 
 cessuiriy sup. of intercedo. — See INTERCEDE. 
 INTERCIPIENT. adj. Intercepting. L. intercijiiens, 
 
 part, of i?2terci/2io.^See INTERCEPT. 
 INTERCOSTAL, adj. Between the ribs. F. intercos- 
 tal. L. inter, between, and costa, a rib. 
 INTERCOURSE, s. Communication. F. entrecours: 
 
 L. inter, between, and curro, to run. 
 INTERDICT, -o. To forbid. L. interdictinn, sup. of 
 
 interdico: inter, between, and dico, to say, or object. 
 INTERFERE, v. To interpose. L. i7itcr, between, and 
 
 fcrio, to push, 
 INTERIM, s. Intervening time. L. interim^ in the mean 
 
 time: from inter^ between. 
 
INT— INT 
 
 INTERIOR, adj. Internal. L. comparative of intra,., 
 within : pos. intra; comp. interior; sup. intimus. 
 
 INTERJACENT, adj. Lying between. L. interjacens. 
 part, of interjaceo: intcr^ between, and jaceo^ to lie. 
 
 INTERJECTION, s. Interposition; a word used, with- 
 out premeditation, to denote some passion or emotion 
 of the mind. L. interjectio: iriterjectus., p. part, of m- 
 terjicio: comp. of inter., between, and ^ac/o, to throw. 
 
 INTERLAPSE. v. To intervene (in regard to time.) 
 L. inter., between, and lapse. 
 
 INTERLINE, -o. To write between lines. L. inter., be- 
 tween, and line. 
 
 INTERLOCUTORY. cfl[/. Consisting of dialogue ; pre- 
 paratory to decision. F. interlocutoire: L. iiiter, be- 
 tween, and lociitus, part, of loguor, to speak. 
 
 INTERLUDE. *. An intervening entertainment. L, 
 inter^ between, and Indus., an entertainment. 
 
 INTERMEDIATE, adj. Intervening; interposed. F. 
 intermediat: L. inter., between, and medius, the mid- 
 dle. 
 
 INTERMINABLE, adj. Never ending; immense. L. 
 in, not, and terminable. 
 
 INTERMISSION, s. Pause. L. i7iter?nissio: intermis- 
 sus, p. part, of intermitto. — See INTERMIT. 
 
 INTERMIT. V. To stop, but not finally. L. intermitto: 
 comp. of inter, between, and ?nitto, to send. 
 
 INTERNAL, adj. Interior. L. internus: intra, within. 
 
 INTERPOLATE, v. To insert, with an evil design. 
 L. interp-olo : inter, between, and polio, to make 
 smooth; meaning, to remove, by forgery, something 
 which opposes our own designs. 
 
 INTERPOSE, -v. To place between; to interfere; to 
 mediate. L. interfiositum, sup. of interfiono : inter, 
 between, and /io?2o, to place. 
 
 INTERPRET, v. To explain; to translate. L. inter- 
 firetor: interfires, an interpreter: inter, between. 
 
 INTERREGNUM, s. The term in which a throne is 
 vacant. L. interregnum: comp. oi inter, between, and 
 regnum, a reign. 
 INTERROGATE, v. To question. L. interrogo: inter, 
 between, and rogo^ to ask. 
 
TNT-— INT 
 
 IJS/' TERROREM. As a threat, or warning. L. in. 
 for the purpose of, and terrorem^ ace us. of terror^ 
 fear. 
 
 INTERRUPT. V. To hinder by interposition; to sepa- 
 rate. L. inter rufitum^ sup. of interrumfio: inter^ be- 
 tween, and rumjio^ to break. 
 
 INTERSECT, -v. To cut, or pass between. L. inter- 
 sectum, sup. of inter seco: comp. of inter, between, and 
 'seco^ to cut. 
 
 INTERSPERSE, v. To scatter amongst. L. inter, 
 amongst, and s^iaraum, sup. of spargo, to sprinkle. 
 
 INTERSTICE, s. Intervenmg space, between matter. 
 F. interstice: L. interstitiumi from i7iter, between, and 
 status, part, of sto, to stand. 
 
 INTERVAL, adj. Intervening space, as regards either 
 matter or time. L. intervaUum: inter, between, and 
 imlhivi, a fence. 
 
 INTERVENE, v. To interpose; to elapse. L. interve- 
 nio: from inter, between, and -venio, to come. 
 
 INTERVENTION, s. Interposition; lapse of time. L. 
 interventio: inter, between, and nentum, sup. of -ve- 
 nio, to come. 
 
 INTESTATE, adj. Without having made a will. L. 
 intestatus; in, without, and testatus, part, of testor^. 
 to witness. 
 
 INTESTINE, adj. Internal. L. intestinus ; intus^ 
 within. 
 
 INTIMATE, adj. Familiar; near. L. intimus, inner- 
 most.— See INTERIOR. 
 
 INTIMATE. V. To hint; to mention indirectly. Low 
 L. intimo; intimus, very deep, or secret. 
 
 INTIMIDATE, v. To make fearful. L. in, into, and 
 timidus, fearful: timor, fear. 
 
 INTIRE. cc/;-.— See ENTIRE. 
 
 INTOLERABLE, adj. Insufferable. L. in, not, and 
 tolerable. 
 
 INTONATION, s. Act of thundering; an inward tone, 
 peculiar to the speech of some nations. L. intono, to 
 thunder. 
 
 IJ^ TOTO. Entirely; wholly. L. in/m, and totOf abi. 
 of totus, whole, or wholly. 
 
INT— INV 
 
 INTRANSITIVE, adj. A verb intransitive signifies 
 
 an action, but conveys no effect to any object; as, <'I 
 
 walk." L. in., not, and transitive. 
 I.Y TRJjYSJTU. On the passage; wliilst passing from 
 
 one place to another. L. m, in, and transitu^ abl. of 
 
 transitus., a passage. 
 INTREPID, adj. Fearless; daring. L. ifi^re/iidus: from 
 
 27Z, not, and tre^iidus^ fearful. 
 INTRICATE, adj. Perplexed; obscure. L. intricatus: 
 
 in., in, and tricatiis, part, of tricor^ to battle. 
 INTRINSIC, adj. Inherent; independent of external 
 
 relation. L. i7itrinsecus: intra., within, and ^e, itself. 
 INTRODUCE. V. To conduct or usher into a place, 
 
 or to a person; to bring into notice or practice. L, 
 
 introduco: intro, within, and diico., to lead. 
 INTRUDE, u. To enter without permission or invita- 
 tion; to interpose with rudeness. L. intrudo: comp. of 
 
 2«, into, and trudo., to thrust. 
 INTRUSION, s. The act of intruding. L. intrusio: 
 
 intrusum., sup. of intrudo. — See INTRUDE. 
 INTUITIVE, adj. Seen by the mind without the agency 
 
 of testimony or argument. Low L. intuitivus: intusy 
 
 within. 
 INUNDATE. V. To overflow. L. inundo; in., into, and 
 
 unda., a wave. 
 INURE. V. To accustom; to harden. L. inuro ; to 
 
 brand, or print into : from ?«, into, and wro, to burn. 
 INVADE. V. To enter hostilely; to encroach on. L, 
 
 invado: in, into, and vado, to march. 
 INVALTD. adj. Weak; of no force. L. invalidus: in^ 
 
 not, and valeo, to avail. 
 INVALID', s. One disabled by sickness or a wound, — 
 
 See the adjective. 
 INVALIDATE, v. To weaken, with regard to evidence; 
 
 to annul.— See INVALID. 
 INVASION, s. The act of invading. L. iiivasio: inva- 
 
 .sum, sup. of mx'Of/o.— See INVADE. 
 INVECTIVE, adj. Censure; reproach. F. invective: 
 
 L. invectio; invectus^ p. part, of inveho. — See IN- 
 VEIGH. 
 INVEIGH. V. To utter an invective. L, inveho; from 
 
 «'«, against, and veho^ to carry. 
 [14] 
 
INV— -INV 
 
 INVENT. V. To produce something new and ingeni- 
 ous; to fabricate. L. inventu?n, sup. of invenio, to 
 find: in^ upon, and venio^ to come. 
 
 INVENTORY, s. A catalogue. F. inve^itoire: L. in- 
 "ventariinn; in-ventum^ sup. oi invenio, to find: in, to, 
 and venio, to come; because, an inventory directs you 
 to the articles mentioned. 
 
 INVERSE, adj. Inverted. L. inversus, p. part, of iri- 
 ver^o.—See INVERT. 
 
 INVERT. V. To reverse ; to place upside-down. L. iii- 
 verto: comp. of in, opposite to, and verto, to turn. 
 
 INVEST. V. To dress ; to install ; to adorn ; to enclose, or 
 surround. L. investio; in, into, and vestis, a garment. 
 
 INVESTIGATE, v. To examine. L. investigo; in, 
 into, and vestigo, to trace. 
 
 INVETERATE, adj. Obstinate from long continu- 
 ance. L. i7iveterat2is; in, in, and veteris, gen. of ve- 
 tus, old. 
 
 INVIDIOUS, adj. Envious; malignant; producing envy 
 or malignancy. E. invidiosus; i^ividia, envy : in, into, 
 and video, to see or look. 
 
 INVIGORATE, v. To strengthen, or enliven. L. in, 
 into, and vigour. 
 
 INVINCIBLE, adj. Unconquerable; insuperable. F. 
 invincible; L. in, not, and vinco, to conquer. 
 
 INVIOLATE, or INVIOLATED. adj. Uninjured; 
 unbroken. L. inviolatus; from in, not, and violatiis, 
 - (p. part, of violo,) hurt. 
 
 INVISIBLE, adj. Imperceptible by the sight. L. in, 
 not, and visible. 
 
 INVITE. V. To allure; to ask; to intreat. L. invito; in, 
 to, and via. a way. 
 
 INVOCATION, s. Supplication; invitation. L. invo- 
 catio.—See INVOKE. 
 
 INVOKE. V, To supplicate; to invite. L. invoco; comp. 
 of m, to, and voco, to call. 
 
 INVOLUNTARY, adj. Not desired; not intended. L. 
 in, not, and voluntary. 
 
 INVOLUTION, s. Inwrapment; entanglement. L. in- 
 -volutio ; involutus, p. part, of involvo. — See IN- 
 VOLVE. 
 
INV— .1ST 
 
 INVOLVE. X'. Toinwrap; to comprise; to entangle. 
 
 L. involvo; in, in, and volvo, to roll. 
 IPSE DIXIT. The ijise dixit of any person, denotes — 
 
 his mere, unsupported assertion. L. iJise, he, dixit; 
 
 said: dico, to say. 
 IRASCIBLE, adj. Easily enraged. L. irascibilis. — See 
 
 IRE. 
 IRE. s. Wrath; anger. L. ira; from the G. c/?*, a tem- 
 pest. 
 IRIS. s. The rainbow; resemblance of a rainbow; the 
 
 circle around the pupil of the eye ; the fleur-de- 
 
 luce. L. iris, the rainbow. G. iris; eiro, to announce, 
 IRONICAL, adj. Expressing irony.— -See IRONY. 
 IRONY. .5. A mode of speech, in' which the meaning is 
 
 contrary to the words. L. ironia: G. eironeia: eiro, to 
 
 interrogate. 
 IRRADIATE, -u. To illumine; to brighten. L. irra- 
 
 dio: in, into, and radijis, a ray of light. 
 IRREFRAGABLE, adj. Not possible to be confuted. 
 
 L. irrefrag-abilis; in, not, and refractus, p. part, of 
 
 refringo, to break open: re, again, and franco, to 
 
 break. 
 IRREFUTABLE, adj. Not to be overthrown by argu- 
 ment. L. in, not, and refutable. — See REFUTE. 
 IRRELATIVE, adj. Without relation; unconnected. 
 
 L. in, not, and relative. 
 IRRELEVANT, adj. Unassisting; not aptly adduced 
 
 L. /?2, not, and relevant. 
 IRRESISTIBLE, adj. Superior to opposition. L. in^ 
 
 not, and resistible. 
 IRRIGATE. V. To overflow with water, as a means of 
 
 fertilizing. L. irrigo, to water. 
 IRRIGUduS. adj. Moist.— See IRRIGATE. 
 IRRITATE. T'. To provoke. L. irrz7o.— See IRE. 
 IRRUPTION, s. Inroad. L. irruptio: irrufitus, p. part. 
 
 of irrnmpo: from in, into, and rumfio, to break. 
 ISOLATED, adj. Detached. F. isole: L. solus, alone. 
 ISOSCELES, adj. Relating to an angle which has 
 
 only two sides equal. L. isosceles: G. isos^ equal, and 
 
 skelos, a leg. 
 ISTHMUS, s. A neck of land which joins a peninsulc^ 
 
ITE— JOK 
 
 to a continent. L. isthmus: G. isthmos: istemi^ to ap- 
 pend. 
 
 ITEM. adv. Also; s. an individual thing. L. item, also. 
 
 ITERATE, 'o. To repeat. L. itero: ito, to go often. 
 
 ITINERANT, adj. Wandering. F. itinerant: L. itin- 
 eris, gen. of iter^ a journey: from itum, sup. of e'o, 
 
 . to go. 
 
 ITINERARY, cr/;. Relating to a journev. L. itinei-a- 
 Wii^.— See ITINERANT. 
 
 J. 
 
 JACOBIN. 5. A member of a noted faction in Paris^ 
 to whose designs the execution of Louis XVI. is at- 
 tributed; so called, from their meeting at a monastery 
 which had belonged to Jacohhie friars. 
 
 JACOBITE, s. A partisan of James II. of England, 
 after his dethronement ; and also of his descendants. 
 L. Jacobus^ James. 
 
 JANUARY, s. The first month. L. Januarlus: from 
 Janus., a heathen god; to whom, it v.as consecrated by 
 the Romans. 
 
 JAUNDICE. 8. A distemper which changes the skin 
 and eyes to a yellow colour. F. jaunisse: jaiiri^ yel- 
 low. 
 
 JEJUNE, adj. Deficient in matter; unaffecting. L. je- 
 jiinus, bare, hungry. 
 
 JELLY, s. A glutinous substance. F. gelce; geler, to 
 freeze: L. ^f/i/, frost. 
 
 JET. s. A small rapid issue of any fluid. F. jet, from 
 jetter.) to throw. 
 
 JET D'EAU. s. An artificial water-spout. F. jet., a 
 spout, f/e, of, eau.) water. 
 
 JEU D'E^PRI2\ A witticism. F. jeii., play, de, of, 
 €8 fir it., humour. 
 
 JOCOSE, adj. Facetious; merry. L. jocosus; joctcs, a 
 jest. 
 
 JOCULAR, adj. Facetious, h. jocularis; jocJis, a jest. 
 
 JOCUND. 5. Merry; gay. L,. jocicndusj jocics, a jest. 
 
 JOKE. 5. A jest. L. y&c2^*, a jest. 
 
JOL— JUR 
 
 JOLLY, arf/. Cheerful; agreeable. V. joli; lu.jovialis. 
 
 —See JOVL\L. 
 JOT. 5. An iota; the least quantity imaginable. lota^ 
 
 (/) the smallest letter in the Greek alphabet. 
 JOURNAL, s. A diary; a compendium from a mer- 
 chant's day-book. Y, journal; jour^ a day. 
 JOURNEY.' s. Passage by land. F. journee, a day's 
 
 ^vork, or day's travel: jou7'y a day. 
 JOVIAL, adj. Merry. L. j ov talis ;{vom Jovisy gen. of 
 
 Jujiiter. — See the heathen mythology. 
 JUBILEE. .9. A time of public hilarity and rejoicing. 
 
 F. jiibile; L. jubilum; from jubeoy to appoint; jubi- 
 lees having been ordered by the Roman govepiment. 
 JUDICATURE, s. Power of distributing justice; court 
 
 of justice. Y. judicature See JUDICIAL. 
 
 JUDICIAL, adj. Relating to courts of law. L. judici* 
 
 alis; judexy a judge. 
 JUDICIARY, adj. Relating to judicature. L. judicia- 
 
 r/«*.-~See JUDICIAL. 
 JUDICIOUS, adj. Wisely judged; prudent. F. judi- 
 
 cieux; L,. judicisy gen. o^judex, a judge. 
 JUGULAR, adj. Belonging to the throat, h. jug-ulum, 
 
 the throat. 
 JUNCTION, s. Joining; union. L. junctio; junctus, 
 
 p. part, ofjungo, to join. 
 JUNCTURE, s. The critical point of time in which 
 
 two events seem to meet. L. ju7ictura} juncturus, 
 
 future part, oi jungo, to join. 
 JUNE. s. The sixth month. L. Junius; from Juno^ the 
 
 imaginary wife of the heathen deity, Jupiter. 
 JUNIOR, adj. The younger. L. junior, younger ; compar. 
 
 Q^ juveiiisy young. 
 JURE DIFI.YO. By divine lav/. L. abl. of jus, and 
 
 divinus. 
 JURE HUMANO. By human law. L. abl. oijus, and 
 
 humunus. 
 JURIDICAL, adj. Acting, or used, in the distribution of 
 
 justice, lu. juridicalis; juridicuS) 2i judge: juris, gen, 
 
 of jusy right. 
 JURISDICTION, s. Legal authority; extent of power. 
 
 'L. jurisdictio; irom juris, gen. oijus, law, and dictio^ 
 
 a declaration. 
 
JUR— LAC 
 
 JURY» s. An assembly of persons sworn to discover 
 
 and declare the truth. Y.jiiri; l^.jui'o, to swear. 
 JUSTICE, s. Equity; punishment, (opposed to mercy;) 
 
 a judge. Y. justice; L.yws, right. 
 JUSTIFY. V. To clear from imputed guilt; to defend. 
 
 Y. justifier; Y,. Justus, right, and /ac/o, to make. 
 JUVENILE, adj. Youthful. L. juvenilis j juvenis^ 
 
 young. 
 JUXTAPOSITION. 5. Proximity. L. juxta, near to^ 
 
 and position. 
 
 K. 
 
 KALEIDOSCOPE, s. An optical instrument invented 
 by Brewster of Edinburgh, which gives to substan-- 
 ces placed within it an almost unlimited variety of 
 beautiful appearances. G. kalosy beautiful, idea^ fornij- 
 and skofieoy to view. 
 
 L. 
 
 LABIAL, adj. Uttered by the lips. L. labialis; from- 
 
 labium, a lip. 
 LABORATORY, s, A chemist's work-room. F. labo- 
 
 ratoire: L. /c^oro, to labour. 
 LABORIOUS, adj. Fatiguing; diligent. L. laborio- 
 
 sus; from labor, labour. 
 LABOUR, s. Painful exertion of strength; work; tra- 
 
 vaiL F. labeur; L. labor, labour. 
 LACERATE, -v. To tear. L. lacero, to tear. 
 LACHRYMAL, adj. Generating tears. L. lachrijmay 
 
 a tear. 
 LACHR'VMATORY. s. A vessel in which tears were 
 
 gathered in honour of the dead. L. lachryma, a tear. 
 LACONIC, adj. In few words; brief. L. laconicus;. 
 
 from Laconia, the country of the Spartans; who deli- 
 vered their sentiments in few words. 
 LACTARY, adj. Milky; having milk, L. lactariusi 
 
 laC) milk» 
 
LAC—LAT 
 
 LACTATES, s. Salts formed from the lactic acid. L, 
 
 /ac, milk. 
 LACTEAL, adj. Milky; conveying chyle of the colour 
 
 of milk. s. L. /ac, milk. 
 LACTEOUS. adj. Milky. L. lacteus: /cc, milk. 
 LACTESCENT, adj. Producing milk, or a white juice 
 
 resembling milk. L. lactescens, part, of lactesco; lac, 
 
 milk. 
 LAITY, s. The people, as distinguished from the cler- 
 gy. — See LAY. 
 LAMBENT, adj. Gliding over gently. L. /«/«6£'7Z5, part. 
 
 of lambo, to lick. 
 LAMBDOIDAL. adj. Having the form of the Greek 
 
 letter a, lambda. 
 LAMINAE,, s. Thin plates or layers. L. lamincc^ plurat 
 
 of lamina., a thin plate of metal. 
 LANGUAGE, s. Human speech; national tongue j ex- 
 pression. F. langage; L. lingua.^ a tongue. 
 LANGUID, adj. Faint; feeble. L. languidus; from 
 
 langueo, to languish. 
 LANIGEROUS. adj. Bearing wool. L. laniger; from 
 
 lana^ wool, and gero, to bear. 
 LANUGINOUS. adj. Downy; covered with soft hair. 
 
 L. lanugiriosus; from laiiugo^ d.o\fV\. 
 LAPIDARY. 5. One who deals in gems, or finishes^ 
 
 them. F. lafiidaire; L. la/iis.^ a stone. 
 LAPIDEOUS. adj. Stony; of the nature of stone. L.. 
 
 lafiideus; la/iidis^ gen. oi lapis, a stone. 
 LAPIDESCENT. adj. Growing or turning to stone, 
 
 L. lafiidescens, part, of lafiidesco: lapis, a stone. 
 LAPSE, s. Flow; period passed; small error. L. lap- 
 sus, part. q{ labor, to glide, or slip. 
 LARCENY, s. Petty theft. F. larcin, theft; L. latroci- 
 
 nium, a trap. 
 LARYNX, s. The windpipe or trachea. G. larunx, the 
 ' throat. 
 LASCIVIOUS, adj. Lewd. L. lascivus; laxiis, loose, 
 
 —See LAX. 
 LASSITUDE, s. Weariness. L. lassitudo, from laxus-, 
 
 loose, unstrung. 
 LATENT, adj. Concealed. L. latens, part, of lateo, io 
 
 lurk> 
 
LAt— LEG 
 
 LATERAL, adj. Relating to the side; or to a motion 
 from side to side. L. lateralis; from latus^ a side. 
 
 LATINISM. 6'. A mode of speecii peculiar to the Xa- 
 tin language. 
 
 LATITAT, s. A writ, issuing from the King's Bench, 
 in England ; which supposes the defendant to be con- 
 cealed. L. latitat^ (from latito^ he lurks. 
 
 LATITUDE, s. Breadth; extensive range; distance 
 from the equator. L. latitudo; from latus^ broad: la- 
 tus^ (p. part, of y^TO,) borne, or carried; that is, ex- 
 tended. 
 
 LATITUDINARIAN. s. One who thinks or acts 
 without restraining himself. L. latitudo. — See LATI- 
 TUDE. 
 
 LAUD. s. To praise; to extol. L. laiido^ to praise. 
 
 LAUDABLE, adj. Praiseworthy. L. laudabilis; from 
 laiido^ to praise. 
 
 LAUNDRY, s. A house, or room, in which clothes are 
 washed. F. la~oanderie; L. /ax'o, to wash. 
 
 LAUREAT, or LAUREATE, adj. Decked with a 
 laurel, or supposed to be so honoured. L. laureatus; 
 laurea^ a laurel-tree, or garland of laurels. 
 
 LAVATORY, s. A medicinal wash.—See LAVE. 
 
 LAVE. i<. To wash, to bathe. L. lavo, to wash. 
 
 LAVISH, adj. Prodigal. L. lavo, to throw or shake off. 
 
 LAX. adj. Loose; slack; vague, s. a looseness, or diar- 
 rh(£a. L. laxus^ loose. 
 
 LAXITY, s. Looseness; slackness; want of precision, 
 L. lax it as. — See LAX. 
 
 LAY. adj. Regarding the laity. G. laos^ the people. 
 
 Lx\YMAN. s. One who is not a clergyman. See 
 
 LAY. 
 
 LEAGUE* s. A confederacy; a combination, either of 
 interest or friendship. F. ligue; L. ligo, to bind. 
 
 LEAVEN, s. That which raises bread, and is usually 
 called yeast or barm; something which makes a gen- 
 eral change in the mass; in general, denoting cor- 
 ruption. F. levain; L. levo., to raise. 
 
 LECTURE, s. An instructive discourse. F. lecture^ 
 L. lego^ (Icgere^) to select, or to read. A lecture as 
 distinguished from a sermon^ seems to denote selec- 
 fioTii being explanatory of several passages of Scrip- 
 
LEG— LEN 
 
 tare, and not referring to a particular text. In gene- 
 ral, the term alludes to reading. 
 LEGACY, s. Something assigned by a last will. L. le- 
 gatum; from lego^ (legare^J to bequeath. 
 
 LEGAL, adj. Lawful. L. legalis; from legis<^ gen. of 
 lejc, a law. 
 
 LEGATE, s. An ambassador; a papal ambassador or 
 commissioner. L. legatus; from lego., to intrust. 
 
 LEGATEE. *. One to whom a legacy has been willed. 
 L. legatum., a legacy. — See LEGACY. 
 
 LEGEND, s. A chronicle of the lives of saints; any 
 memorial or relation; any inscription, particularly on 
 coins and medals. L. legenda^ [things] to be read: 
 from lego, (legere.) 
 
 LEGER. 5. A compendium of mercantile accounts, con- 
 tracted and arranged from the journal. L. lego, to ga- 
 ther. 
 
 LEGERDEMAIN, s. Slight of hand. F. Icgerete, nim- 
 bleness, de, of, main, the hand. 
 
 LEGIBLE, adj. Such as can be read. L. legibilis; fronj 
 lego, to read. 
 
 LEGION, s. A Roman battalion, consisting of about 
 live thousand men. L. legio; from lego, to collect. 
 
 LEGISLATOR, s. One who makes laws. L. legisla- 
 tor; leges, laws, and latum, sup. of Jero, to carry, or 
 -propose. 
 
 LEGITIMATE, adj. Regular; proper; born in wed- 
 lock. L. legiti?nus, lawful; from Icgis, gen. of lex, a 
 law. 
 
 LEGUMINOUS, adj. Of the pulse kind, as beans and 
 peas; such as are not reaped, but gathered by the 
 hand. L. legumen, pulse; from lego, to gather. 
 
 LENIENT, adj. Assuaging; mild; merciful. L. leni- 
 ens, part, of lenio, to assuage; lenis, mild. 
 
 LENITIVE, s. Something to ease pain. F. lenitif.--^ 
 See LENITY. 
 
 LENITY, s. Mildness; tenderness. L. lenitas: lenis, 
 mild. 
 
 LENS. s. An optical glass which is convex on two 
 sides. L. le?is, a kind of pulse, called lentil,— from a 
 resemblance of that glass to the form of its seed. 
 
LEN— LEV 
 
 LENTICULAR, adj. Of the form of a lens. F. lentil 
 
 culaire: L. lentis., gen. of lens. — See LENS. 
 LENTIFORM. adj. Having the shape of a lens. L. 
 
 lentis^ of a lens, andyb?*wa, figure. 
 LENTIGINOUS. adj. Scurfy; partaking of the lentigo. 
 
 L. lentiginosus. — See LENTIGO. 
 LENTIGO, s. A freckly or scurfy eruption on the 
 
 skin. L. from lentis., gen. of lens^ a kind of fiea or 
 
 pulse called a lentil. 
 LEO. 5. One of the twelve signs of the zodiac. L. /fo, 
 
 a lion. 
 LEPER, s. One having the leprosy. See LE- 
 PROSY. 
 LEPROSY, s. A disorder which covers the body with 
 
 a kind of white scales. L. le/iraj G. lefira: lepras^ 
 
 scabby. 
 LEPROUS, adj. Infected with leprosy. L. lefirosus. — 
 
 See LEPROSY. 
 LESSON, s. Any thing read or repeated to a teacher; 
 
 precept; portion of scripture read in divine service. F. 
 
 le^on: L. lectio: lego, io read. 
 LETHARGY, s. A morbid drowsiness. G. lethargia; 
 
 from lethc, forgetfulness, and argos, slothful, dull. 
 LETTER. 5. One of the elements of a syllable; an 
 
 epistle; literal meaning. F. lettrc; L. litera, a letter. 
 LEVATOR, s. A surgical instrument, for raising de- 
 pressed parts of the skull. L. levator: from /cpo, to 
 
 lift. 
 LEVEE. 6. An assemblage of persons at a court; an 
 
 artificial bank of a river. F. levee., from lever., to 
 
 raise. 
 LEVEN. s. — See LEAVEN; which is the most com- 
 mon, though not the most correct, mode, of spelling 
 
 the word. 
 LEVER, s. One of the mechanical powers. F. levier: 
 
 L. /e-uo, to lift. 
 LEVIGATE. V. To reduce to very fine powder; to 
 
 mix until a liquor becomes smooth and uniform. L. 
 
 Icevigo: from lav is, or levis, smooth. 
 LEVITY. 5. Lightness; unsteadiness; trifling gaiety. 
 
 L. levitas; from levis, light. 
 
LEV— Lie 
 
 LEVY. V. To raise, — applied to money or an army. F, 
 
 lever: L. levo^ to raise. 
 LEXICOGRx\PHER. s. A writer of dictionaries. G. 
 
 lexico7i^ a dictionary, and gra/iho^ to write. 
 LEXICON, s, A dictionary. G. lexicon; lexis, a word, 
 
 and eikon, a representation, or image. 
 LEX KATUR^. Ihe law of nature. L. lex, a law, 
 
 and nature, gen. oi natura, nature. 
 LEX A'O.'V* SCRIPT J. Unwritten law;4he Common 
 
 Law of England. L. lex, a law, non, not, scrijita, (from 
 
 scr/(^o,^written. 
 LEX SCRIPT J. Written or statute law. L. lex, a 
 
 law, scrifita, (from scribo,') written. 
 LEX TALIOJVIS, The law of retaliation ; as, " an 
 
 eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth." L. lex, a law, and 
 
 talionis, gen. of talio, like for like. 
 LIBATION, s. Wine poured on the ground in honour 
 
 of a heathen god. L. libatio: G. leibo, to pour out. 
 LIBEL. 8. A defamatory writing; a species of proceed- 
 ing in law. L. libellus, a little book, a lampoon; from 
 
 liber, a book. 
 LIBERAL, adj. Becoming a gentleman; munificent; 
 
 generous. L. liberalis; from liber, free. 
 LIBERATE, -v. To set free. L. libera: from liber, free. 
 LIBERTINE, s. A licentious person. F. libertin; L. 
 
 liber, free, uncontrouled. 
 LIBERTY, s. Freedom ; privilege. L. libertas; from 
 
 liber, free. 
 LIBIDINOUS, adj. Lewd. L. libidinosus: libido, lust; 
 
 G. leibo, to pour out. 
 LIBRA, s. One of the signs of the zodiac. L. libra, a 
 
 balance. 
 LIBRARY, s. A place for books; a large collection of 
 
 books. L. liber, a book. 
 LIBRATION. s. The state of being balanced. L. libra- 
 
 tio; libra, a balance. 
 LICENSE, s. Permission; permission allowed by oneself 
 
 beyond a proper limit. L. licentia; from liceo, to be 
 - lawful. 
 LICENTIATE, s. One who has obtained a collegiate 
 
 degree. L. licentia, permission. 
 
LIC—LIQ 
 
 LICENTIOUS, adj. Unrestrained by law or moral 
 feeling. L. licejitiosus; from licentia^ arbitrary license. 
 
 LICTOR. s. A person who attended the Roman con- 
 suls, to apprehend or punish criminals. L. lictor; pro- 
 bably from ligo.^ to bind. 
 
 LIEGE, adj. Subject; sovereign. F. Uge ; L. Ugo^ to 
 bind. 
 
 LIENTERY. s. A species of bodily looseness, or di 
 arrhoea. F. lienterie; G. leion^ smooth, and enter on 
 an intestine. 
 
 LIEU. In lieu^ means in the place of. F. lieu^ place 
 stead. 
 
 LIEUTENANT. *. A deputy; an officer next in rank 
 to a captain. F. from lieu^ place, or stead, and tenant~ 
 part, oi tenir, to hold. 
 
 LIGAMENT, s. That which connects. L. ligamentum; 
 from ligo^ to bind. 
 
 LIGATURE, s. A bandage. L. ligatura; from ligo^ to 
 bind. 
 
 LIGNEOUS, adj. Partaking of wood. L. ligneus; lig- 
 num., wood. 
 
 LIMIT. *. Boundary; utmost reach. F. limite: L. li- 
 mes^ a boundary. 
 
 LIMPID, adj. Transparent. L. limpidus. — See LYMPH. 
 
 LINEAL, adj. Composed of lines; descending in a di- 
 rect family line. L. linealis; from linea^ a line. 
 
 LINEAMENT, s. Feature. L. lineameniu?nj from li- 
 nea, a line. 
 
 LINGUADENTAL. adj. Uttered by the combined ac- 
 tion of the tongue and teeth. L. lingua^ a tongue, and 
 de7is<f a tooth. 
 
 LINGUIST, s. One skilled in languages. L. lingua^ a 
 tongue or language. 
 
 LINIMENT, s. A species of ointment. L. iini?nentu?n; 
 from 117710, to rub softly. 
 
 LIPOTHYMY. s. A swoon. G. leipothemia; comp. of 
 leipo., to fail, and thumos^ the mind. 
 
 LIQUATION, s. The act of melting; capacity to be 
 melted. L. liguo, to melt. 
 
 LIQUEFY. V. To become liquid. L. liquejio; from li- 
 guotp a fluid, and Jioy to become. 
 
LIQ— LOB 
 
 LIQUESCENT, adj. Melting*; of a meltini^ nature. 
 L. liquescens^ part, oi lUjuesco^ to grow liquid: liquo^ 
 to melt. 
 
 LIQUID, adj. Fluid; soft. L. liquidus: liqueo^ to melt. 
 
 LIQUIDATE. V. To lessen a debt by degrees. L. li- 
 queo^ to dissolve. 
 
 LIQUOR, s. Any thing fluid; vulgarly, intoxicating 
 drink. L. %z^or.~-See LIQUID. 
 
 LITANY. 5. A form of prayer. G. litaneia^ a suppli- 
 cation. 
 
 LITERAL, adj. Not figurative; following the words 
 precisely; consisting of letters. L. litera^ a letter. 
 
 LITERARY, adj. Relating to letters, or learning. L. 
 literarius; from literce.) letters, or learning : lite?'a, a 
 letter. 
 
 LITERATI, s. The learned. L. pi. of literatus^ learned; 
 from Uteres, letters. 
 
 LITERATIM, s. Letter by letter. L. literatim; from 
 lit era., a letter. 
 
 LITHOGRAPHY, s. The art of engraving on stone. 
 G. lit/ios, a stone, and grafiho.^ to write. 
 
 LITHONTRIPTIC. adj. Medicine for dissolving the 
 stone in the kidneys or bladder. G. llthos^ a stone, and 
 tribo.) to waste or digest. 
 
 LITHOTOMY, s. The art of cutting for the stone. G. 
 lithos., a stone, and temno., to cut. 
 
 LITIGATE. V. To contest in law. L. litigo; comp. of 
 lites., pi. of lis., strife, and ago^ to make. 
 
 LITIGIOUS, adj. Fond of lawsuits. L. iitigiosus. — See 
 LITIGATE. 
 
 LITTER, s. Straw for cattle to lie on; a bed for carry- 
 ing a sick or luxurious person ; a brood of young, 
 (supposed to be in a bed.) F. litiere; lit., a bed. 
 
 LITURGY, .s. Form of prayers; form of public devo- 
 tion. G. litourgia; litos, humbly supplicating, and e?-- 
 gon^ di work. 
 
 LIVID, adj. Discoloured as with a blow. L. lividus: 
 from liveo., to be black and blue, or pale and wan. 
 
 LIXIVIUM. 8. A fluid impregnated with a salt. L. lix- 
 ivium; from lix., lie made with ashes. 
 
 LOBE. s. In anatomy,' any fleshy, protuberant part, as 
 [15j 
 
LOC— .LUB 
 
 the lobes of the lungs, the lobes of the cars. G. lo- 
 bos, the lower part of the ear, 
 
 LOCAL, adj. Relatmg to place; in a particular place. 
 F. local: L.. locus, a place. 
 
 LOCATE, -u. To establish in a particular place. L. lo- 
 co; from locus, a place. 
 
 LOCOMOTION. *. Act of moving from one place to 
 another. L. loco, (abl. of locus,) from a place, and mo- 
 tion. 
 
 LOCUM TjEJVEJVS. A deputy; a temporary substi- 
 tute. L. locum, a place, and tenens, holding: (locus 
 and teneo.) 
 
 LOCUS SIGILLI, or L. S. The place of the seal. 
 L. loc7is, a place, and sigilli, gen. of sigillum, a seal. 
 
 LOGARITHMS, s. A species of arithmetic invented 
 by lord Napier. G. logos, a ratio, and arithmos^ a 
 number. 
 
 LOGIC, s. The art of reasoning. L. logice: G. logos^ a 
 word, speech, or thought. 
 
 LOGOMACHY, s. A contest in, or about, words. G. 
 logomachia; comp. of logos, a word, and mache, a 
 battle. 
 
 LONGEVITY, s. Length of life. L. longaevus, long- 
 lived; from lo7igus, long, and avum, time. 
 
 LONGIMETRY. s. The art of measuring distances. 
 L. longus, long, and G. metreo, to measure. 
 
 LONGITUDE, s. Length; distance from east to west. 
 L. longitudo; from longus, long. 
 
 LOQUACIOUS, adj. Talkative. L. loquacis, gen. of 
 loquax, talkative: locjuor, to speak. 
 
 LORICATED. adj. Plated over, in the manner of a 
 crocodile. L. lorica-, a coat of mail. 
 
 LOTION, s. A medicinal wash. L. lotio: from lotum^ 
 sup. of lavo, to wash. 
 
 LOUIS-D'OR. s. A golden coin of France. F. Louis^ 
 (the king's name,) de, of, or, gold. 
 
 LOYAL, adj. Obedient to a prince, or to the national 
 laws; faithful. F. loyal; from loi, a law. 
 
 LUBRICITY, s. Slipperiness, or smoothness; instabi- 
 lity. F. luhricite; L. lubricus, gliding. 
 
 LUBRIFACTION. s. The act of making slippery or 
 smooth. L. lub7'7C2is, gliding, and/cc20, to make. 
 
LUC— LUS 
 
 LUCENT, adj. Shining; splendid. L. luccns^ part, of 
 luceo^ to shine. 
 
 LUCID, adj. Shining; perspicuous. L. lucldus: from 
 liiceo^ to sliine. 
 
 LUCRATIVE, adj. Profitable. L. Iucrativ2is; from lu- 
 cru7n^ gain. 
 
 LUCRE, s. Gain; money. This is a vulgar word, and 
 always used in a degrading sense. F. lucre; L. lucrum^ 
 gain. 
 
 LUCUBRATION, s. Nocturnal study. L. iucubratio; 
 from luce^ (abl. of lux^) with light; — meaning candle- 
 light. 
 
 LUDICROUS, adj. Exciting laughter. L. ludicer; from 
 ludus, sport. 
 
 LUGUBRIOUS, adj. Mournful. L. lugubris; lug-eo, to 
 mourn. 
 
 LUMBAGO, s. Pain in the loins and small part of the 
 back. L. lumbi, the loins, and ag-o, to move. 
 
 LUMINARY, s. That which emits light. L. Inminare; 
 from lumen., light. 
 
 LUNAC/Y. s. A species of mental derangement, erro- 
 neously supposed to be influenced by the m.oon ; mad- 
 ness in general. L. luna., the moon. 
 
 LUNAR, adj. Relating to the moon. L. lunaris; from 
 luna^ the moon. 
 
 LUNARIAN, s. An inhabitant of the moon. L. Iu7ia^ 
 the moon. 
 
 LUNATIC, s. One afflicted by lunacy.— See LUNACY. 
 
 LUNATION, s. A revolution of the moon. L. luna^ the 
 moon. 
 
 LUPERCAL. s. A feast observed in Rome, at the 
 place where Romulus and Remus were said to have 
 been suckled by a w^olf. L. lujiercal; from lujia^ a fe- 
 male, wolf. 
 
 LUSTRATION, s. Religious purification by water, or 
 other sacrifice. L. lustratio. — See LUSTRUM. 
 
 LUSTRE. 5. Brightness, or glitter; renown. F. lustre: 
 L. lustra., to purify. 
 
 LUSTRUM. 8. The religious purgation or cleansing of 
 Rome, every fifth year; hence, lustrum is used to <lc 
 note a period of four years. L. 
 
LUS— MAG 
 
 LUSUS A^JTUR^. An irregular production of na- 
 ture; as an animal born with five legs, in place of four. 
 L. lusus, a play or freak, iiaturx, (from natura^ of 
 
 ' nature. 
 
 LUTx\RIOUS. adj. Living in mud. L. lutarius: from 
 lutum^ mud. 
 
 LUTING. ®. Clay, or a composition, with which the 
 joints and apertures of chemical utensils are closed. 
 F. lut^ L. liitum^ clay. 
 
 LUXURIANT, adj. Exuberant. L. luxuriansi from 
 luxuria., extravagance: /z^xo, to loosen. 
 
 LYMPH, s. A transparent, colourless fluid. L. lympha. 
 a poetical term for water. 
 
 LYMPHE'DUCT. s. In anatomy, a vessel which con- 
 veys the lymph. L. hjmjiha^ lymph, and ductus^ a 
 guidance : duco^ to lead. 
 
 LYRE. 5. A harp. F. lyre; L. lyra; G. lura. 
 
 LYRIC, adj. Relating to poems intended for the harp;, 
 sentimental pieces of music. L. lyricus. — See LYRE, 
 
 M. 
 
 MACERATE, v. To m.ake lean; to wear away. L. ma- 
 cero; from macer^ lean. 
 
 MACHINATION, s. Artifice; malicious design. L. 
 machinatio ; from mackina^ an engine. — See MA- 
 CHINE. 
 
 MACHINE, s. An engine. L. machina; G. viachane, 
 a project or endeavour; quickness or advantage. 
 
 "\L\CULA. s. A spot. L. (pi. macules..) 
 
 MADRIGAL, s. A pastoral song; any light, airy, short 
 song. F. madrigal; L. mandra^ a hovel for cattle. 
 
 MAGAZINE, s. A store-house, generally for muni- 
 tions of war; a miscellaneous pamphlet, (imagined as 
 a literary store-house.) F. magazin: G. ?nagos, wise, 
 
 MAGIC, s. Pretended sorcery or enchantment. L. ma- 
 jice; G. viagos.) wise. 
 
 MAGISTERIAL, adj. Relating to a magistrate. L. ma- 
 jister, a master; from ?)iajor^ greater. 
 
 MAGISTRATE, s. A man publicly invested with le- 
 gal authority. L. magistratus: magister-^ a master. 
 
MAG—MAL 
 
 MAGNA CHARTA. s. The charter of English liber- 
 tics, obtained from king John, by the barons, in 1215. 
 
 L. magna, (fern, of magnus,) great, and charta, (pro- 
 nounced caria,) paper. 
 MAGNANIMITY, s. Greatness of mind; bravery. L. 
 
 magnanimitas; comp. of magniis, great, and aiii/niis, 
 
 the mind or soul. 
 MAGNIFICENT, adj. Grand; splendid. L. magn/J- 
 
 cus: from magnus, great, and /aczo, to make. 
 MAGNIFY. -y.To make great; to increase to the eye; 
 
 to exaggerate. L. magnificio; from magyuis, great, and 
 
 facio, to make. 
 MAGNITUDE, s. Bulk; dimension. L. magnitudo; 
 
 from magnus, great. 
 MAIL. 5. A coat of steel ne?-\vork to protect the body; 
 
 any armour; a postman's bag, or that which covers 
 
 2Xi^ jirotects the letters; a carriage in which the mail 
 
 is conveyed. F. maille, the mesh of a net. 
 MAIN. adj. Principal; chief; leading. Old F. magne: 
 
 L. fnagiius, great. 
 MAIN. s. A continent, or gi-eai tract of land; an ocean, 
 
 or great sheet of water. — See the adjective. 
 MAINPRISE, s. Delivery into the custody of a friend, 
 
 upon security given for appearance; bail. F. main, a 
 
 hand, d.nd Ji rise, possession: firendre, to take. 
 MAINTAIN. V. To preserve; to keep; to support. F. 
 
 maintenir: main, a hand, (that is, in the hand,) and 
 
 tenir, to hold : L. manus, and teneo. 
 MAJESTIC, adj. August; grand; splendid. L. ?najes' 
 
 tas, superiority, majesty : from major, compar. of mag- 
 
 nus, great. 
 MAJOR, adj. Greater; used generally before part. L. 
 
 major, greater; compar. of ?nagnus, great. 
 MAJOR, s. An officer next above a captain. L. major, 
 
 greater. 
 MAJORITY*^ s. The greater number; commission or 
 
 rank of major. — See MAJOR. 
 MALADY, s. Disease. F. maladie: mal, evil: L. malum. 
 MALA FIDE. With a design to deceive. L. abl. of 
 
 malus, bad, and^c/e.s-, faith. 
 MALATES. s. Salts formed by a combination of any 
 
 base with the malic acid. — See MALIC. 
 L15»] 
 
MAL—MAX 
 
 MALCONTENT, s. A discontented or dissatisfied per- 
 son. F. 77ial-content: mal, ill, and content^ contented. 
 
 MALEDICTION, s. Curse. L. maledictio: from ?}ia- 
 lus, evil, and dictio^ an expression. 
 
 MALEFACTOR, s. A criminal. L. 7nale, wickedly, and 
 facio^ to do. 
 
 MALEVOLENT, s. Malignant. L. malevolus; from 
 male^ wickedly, and volo^ to v/ish. 
 
 MALIC, adj. Malic acid is obtained from the juice of 
 apples. L. malum ^ an apple. 
 
 MALICE, s. Evil design. F. malice: L. malitia; from 
 maliim^ wickedness. 
 
 MALICE PREPENSE. Evil intention, previously che- 
 rished.— See MALICE and PREPENSE. 
 
 MALIGN. af//. Evil-disposed; malicious; pestilential. F. 
 maligne; L. malignus: malus^ evil. 
 
 MALIGNANT, adj. Malicious. F. malignant: L. ma- 
 lignus; from malum^ wickedness. 
 
 MALLEABLE, adj. Capable of being spread by ham- 
 mering. F. malleable: L. malleus., a hammer. 
 
 MALLET, s. A wooden hammer, with two heads. F. 
 maillet: L. malleus., a hammer. 
 
 MALUM IJV SE. Evil in itself, as 7nurder. Some 
 actions are evil only when prohibited by law, as the 
 killing of game, if unprivileged, which is malum pro- 
 hibitum, L. malum., (neuter of maliLs^ evil, m, in, se", 
 itself. 
 
 MANACLES, s. Handcuffs. F. manicles: L. manicas; 
 manus^ a hand. 
 
 MANAGE, -v. To conduct; to make tractable. F. me- 
 nagcr: main^ the hand, and agir^ to act. L. mauus. 
 and ago. 
 
 MANDAMUS, s. A writ granted by the king of Eng- 
 land. L. m.andamus.^ (from mando,) we command. 
 
 MANDATE, s. A command; a commission. L. man- 
 datum; from mando^ to command, or give in charge. 
 
 MAA''EGE. s. A place for training horses; a riding 
 school. F. manege. — See MANAGE. 
 
 MANES, s. The immortal part, or spirit. L. manes; 
 which appears to be derived from inaneo^ to remain. 
 
 MANGE. 8. A scorbutic disease amongst brutes. F. 
 ma?ig€r^ to eat; meaning to penetrate the skin 
 
MAN— MAR 
 
 MANGER, s. The trough or vessel m which cattle arc 
 fed. F. inangeoire: mavger^ to eat. 
 
 MANIA, s. Ravmg or furious madness; generally pre- 
 vailing adoption of something new. G. mania, rage. 
 
 MANIAC, s. One highly deranged in mind. — See MA- 
 NIA. 
 
 MANOR, s. Land granted by a sovereign to a person 
 of great merit, as an estate or permanent place of re- 
 side?ice. Old F. ?na?ioh^: h. maneo, to remain. 
 
 MANSION, s. The house erected on a manor; a house 
 adapted for a permanent residence; place of abode. 
 L. inan^io, a continuance: mansum, sup. o{ maneo. — • 
 See MANOR. 
 
 MANTELET, s. A kind of pent-house, used by a be- 
 sieging army, to cover the miners and pioneers from 
 the enemy's shot. F. mantelet: Old F. mantel^ a cloak. 
 
 MANUAL, adj. Performed by the hand. L. manualie; 
 from manus, a hand. 
 
 MANUAL, s. A small book, such as may be easily car- 
 ried in the hand. — See the adjective. 
 
 MANUFACTURE, v. To form by art and labour. F. 
 manufacturer; L. manu, (abl. of manui,j) by the 
 hand, and /hc/o, to make. 
 
 MANUMIT, -v. To release from slavery. L. manu- 
 7nitto; comp. of manu, (abl. of manus^) from the hand, 
 and mitto, to send away. 
 
 MANUSCRIPT, s. Something written by the hand, — 
 not printed. L. manuscrifitum: manu,(^^iA,oi manus^ 
 by the hand, and scriptus, p. part, oi scrido, to write. 
 
 MARCH, s. The third month. L. Martins; iVom Mars, 
 the god of war; to whom, it v/as dedicated by the Ro- 
 mans. 
 
 MARGIN, s. The brink, or border, L. margo, the 
 brink. 
 
 MARINE, adj. Belonging to the sea. L. marinus; from 
 mare, the sea. 
 
 MARINER, s. A seaman.— See MARINE. 
 
 MARITAL, adj. Relating to a husband. F. marital; L. 
 mar it us, a husband. 
 
 MARITIME, adj. Relating to the sea. L. inaritimus; 
 from mare^ the sea. 
 
MAR— MAT 
 
 MARRY. V. To perform the ceremony of marriage; 
 to take in marriag-e. F. mariei-: L. marito^ to wed. 
 
 MARTIAL, adj. Warliiie; relating to war. F. martial'. 
 L. martialis; Mars^ the god of war. 
 
 MARTYR, s. One who is put to death for holding a 
 particular opinion. F. martyr: G. martur^ a witness; 
 because, by his death, he bears witness to the truth of 
 his belief. 
 
 MARTYROLOGY. s. A register of martyrs. F. mar- 
 tyr^ a martyr, and G. logos, a description. 
 
 MARVELLOUS, adj. Wonderful. F. marveilleiix; 
 mej^veillcy wonder: meriter.^ to deserve, and veiller, to 
 notice. 
 
 MASCULINE, adj. Relating to males. L. masciilinus; 
 from mas.^ a male. 
 
 MASSACRE, s. Extensive and indiscriminate slaugh- 
 ter. F. massacre; L. massa, a heap, and sacru/Uy a 
 sacrifice. 
 
 MASSIVE, or MASSY, adj. Bulky; ponderous. F mas- 
 sif: L. 7nassa, a heap. 
 
 MATERIAL, adj. Consisting of matter ; corporeal, not 
 spiritual; important; essential; necessary. L. materi- 
 alis; materia^ matter, or that of which any thing is 
 made; mater., a mother: G. mater ^ a mother. 
 
 IVIATERIALIST. s. One who denies the existence of 
 spiritual substances. — See MATERIAL. 
 
 MATERIA MEDICA. A general name for all sub- 
 stances used in medicine; a book which treats of these 
 substances. L. materia., matter, and medica^ (fern, of 
 ?7iedicus.f) pertaining to physic. 
 
 MATERNAL, adj. Motherly; pertaining to a mother. 
 L. maternus; niater., a mother. G. mater., a mother. 
 
 MATHEMATICS, s. That science which contemplates 
 whatever can be numbered or measured. G. mathema- 
 tike; from mathema^ science. 
 
 MATIN, adj. Relating to the morning. F. 7natin, morn- 
 ing. 
 
 MATINS, s. Morning worship. F. 7natines. — See MA- 
 TIN. 
 
 MATRICE. s. A mould; an instrument used by en- 
 gravers and letter-founders, on which is engraved a 
 
MAT— MEA 
 
 tioiiire to be struck into the metal, or the letter to be 
 cast.— See MATRIX. 
 
 MATRICIDE, s. Murder of a mother. L. matrkid'mmi 
 comp. of mater^ a mother, and ccec/c?, to kill. 
 
 MATRICULATE, v. To admit as a member of a uni- 
 versity; to enrol. L. matrix^ a womb, and latum^ sup. of 
 fero^ to bring. A college is thus compared to a mother, 
 
 jMATRIMONY. *. Wedlock. L. matrimonium; from 
 mater ^ a mother. 
 
 MATRIX, s. The womb; also, an instrument used in 
 the formation of letters, &:c. by engravers and type- 
 founders. L. matrix; G. mater^ a mother. 
 
 MATRON. 8. An elderly lady; a wife. L. matronui 
 from mater ^ a mother. 
 
 MATTER, s. Substance; purulent discharge; subject; 
 consequence; importance. L. materia; from mater^ a 
 mother : G. mater, 
 
 MATURE, adj. Ripe. L. maturus,^ mellow. 
 
 MAUSOLEUM, s. A splendid tomb. L. from Mauso- 
 lus, king of Caria; for whom, a famous funeral monu- 
 ment was erected by his queen, and called The Mau- 
 soleum. 
 
 MAUVAISE HOjYTE. Excessive bashfulness. F. mau-- 
 vaisey evil, honte, shame, or confusion. 
 
 MAXIM, s. An axiom; a general principle; a leading 
 truth. F. 7naxime: L. maximus^ greatest. 
 
 MAXIMUM, s. The highest rate, opposed to minimum. 
 L. maximu7n<^ (neuter of maximus^') the superl. of mag- 
 71US, great: pos. ?nagnns, great; compar. major ^ great- 
 er; superl. maximus,, greatest. 
 
 MAY. s. The fifth month. L. Mains; from Maia^ the 
 mother of Mercury. 
 
 MAYOR. 5. The chief magistrate of a town. F. maire; 
 L. major^ greater. 
 
 MEAGER, adj. Lean; weak; emaciated. F. inaigre; L. 
 macer,, lean. 
 
 MEANDER, -v. To move in a serpentine course. 
 Meander^ a river in Phrygia, remarkable for its wind- 
 ing. 
 
 MEASURE, s. Standard of measurement; degree, or 
 quantity; means; musical time; metre. F. mesur^: 
 
MEC—MEM 
 
 L. mensura; me?isus, part, of metior, to measure: G. 
 metreo. 
 
 MECHANICS. 5. The science of the power and con- 
 struction of machines. G. mechane^ art. 
 
 MEDAL, s. A piece of metal bearing a memorial of 
 some meritorious or remarkable performance ; and in- 
 tended as a present to the achiever. F. medaille: from 
 the Saxon med^ signifying reward. 
 
 MEDALLION, s. Something resembling a medal. F. 
 medallion. — See MEDAL. 
 
 MEDIATE. V. To intercede. L. medius^ middle; — a 
 mediator stands between two persons. 
 
 MEDIATELY, adv. By a secondary cause. — See ME- 
 DIATE. 
 
 MEDIATOR. «. An intercessor.— See MEDIATE. 
 
 MEDICAL, adj. Relating to the art of healing. L. me- 
 dicus: G. medeo^ to govern. 
 
 MEDIOCRITY, s. Middle rate. L. mediocritas; from 
 medius^ middle. 
 
 MEDITATE, -v. To contemplate. L. meditor: G. me- 
 deo, to govern, or take care of. 
 
 MEDIUM, s. Any thing intervening; a middle degree; 
 means. L. medium^ the middle. 
 
 MELx\NCHOLY. s. A disease, arising from a heavy 
 state of the blood; a gloomy, pensive temper. G. me- 
 lanos.) gen. of melas^ black, and chole., bile. 
 
 MP2LIORATE. V. To improve; to ameliorate. L. -me- 
 Ho 7'^ better. 
 
 MELLIFEROUS, adj. Producing honey. L. mellifer: 
 me I., honey, and /<"ro, to bring. 
 
 MELLIFLUOUS, adj. Sweetly flowing. L. mel, honey, 
 and y?/^o, to flow. 
 
 MELLOW, adj. Pleasingly ripe; soft. L. mel.^ honey, 
 
 MELODY, s. Sweetness of musical sound. G. nielodia; 
 from W(f//, honey. Musical harmony relates to the 
 agreement of sounds. 
 
 MEMBRANE, s. A delicate web used in the human 
 structure. L. membrana^ a film. 
 
 MEMENTO. V. Remember; s. a memorial. L. mc- 
 mento^ remember; imper. of the defective v. memini, 
 
 MEMOIR, s. A familiarly written history. F. memoire; 
 L. memoro^ to remember. * 
 
MEM—MER 
 
 MEMORANDUM, s. A note to aid the memory. L. 
 memorandum^ to be remembered; part, of memoro^ to 
 remember. 
 
 MEMORIAL, s. A monument; a remembrancer; a 
 written address, such as remi7ids of services and soli- 
 cits a reward. F. mcmoriali L. memorialis: ?7ie?norOj 
 to remember. 
 
 MEMORY, s. The faculty of recollecting things past; 
 recollection. L. memoria; from memoro^ to remem- 
 ber. 
 
 MENACE. V. To threaten. F. menacer: G. me?iio, to 
 be angry. 
 
 MENAGE, or MENAGERIE, s. A place for wild 
 animals. F. from menager^ to manage, or take care of. 
 
 MENDACITY, s. Falsehood. L. mendajc, lying. 
 
 MENDICANT, s. A beggar. L. mendicans^ part, of 
 mendico^ to beg; comp. of ?7ze7if/aczw7«, a falsehood, 
 and dico^ to say. 
 
 MENDICITY. 5. The state of a beggar.— See MEN- 
 DICANT. 
 
 MENIAL, adj. Belonging to the retinue or train of ser- 
 vants ; befitting a servant. F. ?ne6-7iie, an old French 
 word, signifying a low servant. 
 
 MENSAL. adj. Relating to the table. L. mensalis: 
 mensa, a table. 
 
 MENSTRUAL, adj. Monthly; relating to a menstru- 
 um. F. ?nenf>'trual; L. mensis^ a month. 
 
 MENSURATION, s. The science or act of measur- 
 ing. L. inensura., a measure. — See MEASURE. 
 
 MENTAL, adj. Intellectual. F. mentale: L. mentis^ 
 gen. of mens., the mind. 
 
 MEPHITIC. adj. Ill-smelling: noxious. L. mephiiis.^ a 
 bad smell. 
 
 MERCANTILE, adj. Commercial. L. mercans, part, 
 of mercor^ to buy. 
 
 MERCENARY, adj. Hired; too fond of gain. L. mer- 
 cenariusi from merces^ wages. 
 
 MERCER, s. A dealer in cloths. F. mercier; L. ?nerco7'f 
 to buy. 
 
 MERCHANT, s. One who traffics. F. viarchand; L. 
 ?nercans: mercor^ to purchase. 
 
MER— MET 
 
 MERETRICIOUS, adj. Alluring by false show. L. me- 
 i^etricius; from meretrix^ a harlot. 
 
 MERCURY. 5-. Quicksilver. L. Mercurius, called, in 
 English, Mercury; the most subtle of all the heathen 
 gods. 
 
 MERGED. V. Nearly included. L. ?}iergo, to immerse. 
 
 MERIDIAN, s. The point of noon; a geographical line 
 drawn from north to south, and passing through all 
 those places which have noon at the same time. F. 
 meridieii; L. ?neridies, noon; probably, from mediusy 
 middle, and dies^ a day 
 
 MERIT, s. Desert. L. meritiun; from mereo^ to earn. 
 
 MERiVIAID. s. An animal resembling the human form, 
 saic lo exist in the sea. F. mer^ the sea, and maid. 
 
 MERSiON. s. The act of sinking or plunging below 
 the surface. L. mersio; from meraum^ sup. of mergo^ 
 to plunge. 
 
 MESSIEURS, s. Sirs; gentlemen. F. plural of mon- 
 sieur^ sir. 
 
 METALLURGY, s. The art of workhig or preparing 
 metals. L. metallum,, metal, and G. ergon^ work. 
 
 METAMORPHOSE, v. To change the form. G. me- 
 tamorphobi comp. of meta^ against, and morjihe., form. 
 
 METAPHOR, s. A similitude; a simile, usually com- 
 prised in one word. G. metafihora; meta^ signifying 
 from one place, or thing, to another, and fihoreo^ to 
 carry. 
 
 METAPHRASE, s. A strict, verbal translation. G. me- 
 tafihrasis: meta^ signifying from one place, or thing, 
 to another, and fihrasis, a phrase. 
 
 ME TAPHYSICS. s. That part of philosophy which 
 considers the nature and properties of thinking beings, 
 Sec. G. ?neta/ihusikej from yne^fa, through, BXid p/iusisy 
 nature. 
 
 METASTASIS, s. Translation or removal. G. 7neta- 
 stasis: from 77ietay across or opposite to, and stasis^ a 
 situation. 
 
 METE. V. To measure. L. inetior; G. metreo^ to mea- 
 sure. 
 
 METEMPSYCHOSIS, s. Transmigration of the soul 
 from one body to another. G. metempsuchosis: from 
 metOi from one place to another, and/i*wc/^f, the soul. 
 
MET—MIL 
 
 METEOR. .5. A transitory body. G. ineteora; from mf- 
 ta^ from place to place, and aeiro, to raise. 
 
 METEOROLOGICAL, adj. Relating to the doctrine of 
 meteors; and to the changes of weather. Meteor, and 
 G. hg-os<f a description. 
 
 METHOD. 5. The placing of several things, or per- 
 forming several operations, in the most convenient 
 manner; mode, or manner. G. juethodos: vieta^ with, 
 and or/os, a way- 
 
 METONYMY, s. A rhetorical figure, founded on the 
 several relations of cause and effect, container and 
 contained, sign and thing signified: as, w^hen v/e say, 
 " he is reading Locke," the cause is put for the ef- 
 fect; meaning " the works of Locke." G. inetoninnia; 
 meta^ against, and o?io?na^ a name. 
 
 METRE, s. Language confined to a certain numbef, 
 and harmonic disposition, of syllables; verse. G. me- 
 tron^ a measure. 
 
 METROPOLIS, s. A chief city. L. Dietrofiolis; G. me- 
 ter^ a mother, and /ioiis, a city. 
 
 METROPOLITAN, s. An archbishop. G. from me- 
 trofiolis; supposing that the chief city was the princi- 
 pal see. 
 
 MIASMA, s. Contagious particles arising from distem- 
 pered or poisonous bodies. G. iniasina; from miano^ 
 to infect. 
 
 MICROCOSM, s. The little world. Man is so called, 
 from a fanciful analogy to the world itself. G. mikros^ 
 little, and kos7jios, the world. 
 
 MICROMETER. 6-. An instrument for measuring small 
 spaces. G. miki'os, small, and metreo^ to measure. 
 
 MICROSCOPE, s. An instrument for viewing small 
 objects. G. 7}iikros, small, and sko/ieOy to view. 
 
 MIGRATE. V. To remove to another country. L. y^i- 
 ,§•7-0, to remove. 
 
 Mile. s. The Roman mile was called 771/lle /lassus^ a 
 thousand paces or steps; hence, the English mz7(?, 
 though it contains 1760 yards. 
 
 MILIARY, adj. In medical language, means small, re- 
 sembling a millet-seed : a miliary fever produces 
 small eruptions. F- iniiiairc: L. 7«z7m/?', a miilct-sced. 
 [16] 
 
MIL— MIN 
 
 MILITANT, adj. Fighting; engaged in spiritual war- 
 fare. L. 77ulitans, part, of milito^ to p-o a fighting: from 
 rniles^ 3. soldier. 
 
 MILITARY, adj. Belonging to the profession of a sol- 
 dier; relating to war. L. juilitaris; from miles, a sol- 
 dier. 
 
 MILITIA, s. Citizens and peasantry trained for na- 
 tional defence. L. militia^ soldiery; from ?niles, a sol- 
 dier. 
 
 ^NIILLE. s. In the federal arithmetic of the United 
 States of America, is the thousandth part of a dollar. 
 
 F. ?7iille; L. mille; a thousand. 
 MILLENNIUM, s. A thousand years; a certain period 
 
 of time anticipated by some Christians. L. mille., a 
 thousand, and annus., a year. 
 MIMIC. s.K ludicrous, or servile imitator. L. viimicus; 
 
 G. viimos., an imitator. 
 
 MINATORY, adj. Threatening. L. minor^ to threaten. 
 
 MINERALOGY, s. The science of minerals. Comp. of 
 the Eng. mineral, and G. logos, a description. 
 
 MINIATURE, s. A representation in a small compass. 
 F. miniatui^e. — This word, in accordance with the 
 size of the painting, appears to come from the L. 
 minuoy to lessen; but, in relation to its orthografihy, 
 and to the mode of execution, the French word may 
 have been derived from miniatus, part, of the L. minio, 
 to colour with vermilion. 
 
 y[IJ\'IMUM. s. The lowest ratej opposed to maximum. 
 L. minimum, (neuter oi juiniinus,') the superl. oi par- 
 vus: ^os. parvus, little; compar. minor, less; superl. 
 7nini?nus, least. 
 
 MINION, s. A court-favourite; a mean dependant. F. 
 7mgnon, a darling. 
 
 MINISTER, s. An agent; one who acts w 77 of er another; 
 a clergyman, or high civil officer. L. 7ninister, a ser- 
 vant, or assistant: 7ninor, less. 
 
 MINISTER. V. To attend; to manage; to perform; to 
 supply. L. ministro. — See the noun. 
 
 MINOR, adj. Petty; smaller. L. 7mnor, less. 
 
 MINOR. 5. One under the age when he can lawfully^ 
 manage his own affairs. L. 7mnor, less, or younger. 
 
 MINOTAUR, s. A monster imagined by the poets, 
 
MIN— MIS 
 
 half man and half bull. L. Mhiotaurufi; from Mbios^ 
 a king of Crete, and taurua^ a bull. — See Ovid's Me- 
 tamorphoses. 
 
 MIAOUS, s. Less; insufficient; in electricity? opposed to 
 filus. L. minus, less. 
 
 MINUTE', adj. Small ; precise. L. minutus, diminished; 
 from 7)1171110, to lessen. 
 
 MIN'UTE. s. The sixtieth part of an hour. L, minutiL^. 
 —See MINUTE'. 
 
 MIN'UTE. V. To record briclly.—See MINUTE'. 
 
 MINUTL'E. s. Minute parts; 'trifles. L. pi. of 7ni7iu^ 
 tia; 7niiiutus, p. part, oi 7iiiiiuo, to make less; initioi-'j 
 less. 
 
 MIRACLE, s. A wonder; something above human 
 power. F. 77iiraclej L. rnii^aculiuji; from miroi^, to 
 wonder. 
 
 jMIRROR. 5. A looking glass. F. jyiiroi?-; L. ?niror, to 
 admire. 
 
 :MISANTHR0?E. s. One disgusted v/ith mankind. G, 
 miscuithj^opos: miseo, to hate, and anthi'ofios, a man. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS, adj. Various. L. inisctilcuieus^ 
 from 771 is ceo, to mix. 
 
 INIISCIBLE. adj. Possible to be mingled. L. ?niscco, to 
 mix. 
 
 MISER, s. Originally, signified a wretched or unhappy- 
 person, in general; but now, means one v/ho is ex- 
 tremely covetous of money, and wretched from the 
 fear of poverty. L. 77iise7; wretched. 
 
 MISERABLE, adj. Wretched. F. 77userable.'^ScQ ML 
 SER. 
 
 MISNOMER. .V. In law, signifies a wrong name. F. 
 from w.'/.v, denoting error, and no77i, a name. 
 
 MISOGAIMIST. s. A marriage-hater. G. 7niseo, to hate., 
 and i^anios, marriage. 
 
 ^MISPRISION, s. In law, signifies neglect, negligence, 
 or oversight. Old F. 77iesji riser, to disdain; or tnes- 
 jire7idre, to mistake. 
 
 MISSILE, adj. Thrown; designed to be thrown. L. 
 viissilis; from missus, p. part, of 7nitto^ to send. 
 
 MISSION, s. Commission; the ofBce of persons com- 
 missioned or employed. L. ?7ii-^sio; from 77iissus, p. part . 
 of mittoy to send. 
 
MIT— MOL 
 
 MITIGATE. V. To assuage; to soften. L. ?7Vttig'o; froiii 
 
 mitis^ meek. 
 MITRE, s. A bishop's crown. L. miti-a^ a bonnet, or 
 
 turban. 
 MITTIMUS, s. A magistrate's order for imprison- 
 ment. L. mittimus^ we send; being the first word in 
 
 the old Latin writs, 
 MIXTILINEAR. s. Consisting of a line, or lines, partly 
 
 straight and partly curved. L. viixtus^ mixed, and //- 
 
 nealla. — -See LINEAL. 
 MNEMONICS, s. The science of artificial memory. 
 
 G. mncmonikts.^ relating to the memory: fimaomai^lo 
 
 remember. 
 MOBILITY, s. Capacity of being moved; activity; iu 
 
 cant language, the populace. F. viobillte; L. mobilitus: 
 
 mo'oeo^ to move. 
 MODE. fs. Manner; method; form; fashion. F. mode; 
 
 L. modus, a due proportion, method, manner. 
 MODEL, s. A pattern. F. 7nodele.'—Sec MODE. 
 MODERATE, a.-//. Not excessive ; temperate ; middling, 
 
 L. moderatus. — See MODE. 
 MODERN, adj. According to the present mode; in 
 
 conformity v/ith the present mode; recent; not ancient. 
 
 F. 7-vof/er72c.— Sec MODE. 
 MODEST. .V. Having- a proper deportment; not impu- 
 dent; chaste. F. modeste: L. viodesius: jnodus, a due 
 
 proportion. 
 MODIFY. V. To conform; to qualify. F. modifer; L, 
 
 modus, a manner, and facio, to make. — See MODE. 
 MODULATE, v. To form sound to a certain key, or 
 
 to certain notes. L. 7nodu/or; from modulus, a mea- 
 sure : modus, a rule. 
 MODUS, s. A due proportion, neither more nor less; 
 
 measure; limits; rule. L. 
 MODUS OPERANDI. The method or manner of 
 
 operating. L. modus, a method, ojierandi, (gerund, of 
 
 operor^j of working. 
 MOIETY. 5'. Half. F. moitic; from moyen, the middle. 
 MOLE'CULE. s. The molecules of bodies are those 
 
 uitianate particles which cannot be decomposed by 
 
 any chemical means. F. molecule, a dimin. formation, 
 
 from the L. moles^ a mass- 
 
MOL— -MON 
 
 MOLEST, r. To disturb, or vex. F. molesteri L. mo- 
 
 /^s^/a, trouble; G. molos, labour. 
 MOLLIENT. adj. Solteiiing. L. ?nollie?is. part, of niol- 
 
 liOy to soften. 
 MOLLIFY. V, To soften. L. ??wllis, soft, and ^/lo, to be 
 
 made. 
 JMOMENT. s. Force; importance; consequence; in- 
 divisible particle of time. L. momentum; mome?!^ a 
 
 motion. 
 MOMENTOUS, adj. Important; of consequence. L. 
 
 viomentosus. — See MOMENT. 
 MONANDRIA. 5. A genus of plants, distinguished by 
 
 one male stamina. G. monos^ single, and andria-^ vi- 
 rility. 
 MONARCH, s. An emperor, or a king. G. mojiarchos; 
 
 from monosy alone, and arche^ government,. 
 MONASTERY, s. Place of religious retirement. L. 
 
 mojiasterium: G. monos^ alone. 
 MONITION, s. Advice. L. monitio; from mcnco^ to 
 
 advise. G. monos^ alone,-— that is, in private. 
 ^MONITOR, s. One who gives advice; a scholar ap- 
 pointed to watch over his fellows. L. ruQiiitor; from 
 
 moneo^ to advise. 
 MONK. v. A man secluded in a monastery. Derived, 
 
 through the Saxon, from the G. monachos^ solitary; 
 
 monos^ alone. 
 MONODY, s. A poem in which only one person is 
 
 introduced as speaking. G. vio7ios^ alone, and or/e, a 
 
 song. 
 MONOGAMY, s. Marriage of one v/ife; opposed to 
 
 polygamy. G. nionos, one, and gameo^ to marry. 
 MONOLOGUE, s. A soliloquy. G. monos^ alone, and 
 
 logofi^ a word, or speech. 
 MONOPOLIZE. V. To engross. G. monos^ alone, and 
 
 poleo., to sell. 
 MONOPTOTE. s. A noun used only in one oblique 
 
 case. G. m.onos.^ one, and ptosis^ a case. 
 MONOSYLLABLE, s. A word of one syllable. G. mo- 
 
 nos^ one, and syllable. 
 MONOTONY, s. Disagreeable repetition of the same 
 
 sound. G. monotonia; mo?iaSy oncj and tonos, a tone 
 
 o-v note. 
 
 ri5»]. 
 
MON— MUC 
 
 MONSTER. 5. The primary meaning of this word %vas. 
 something ominous; something which was supposed 
 to show or foretel; as, an eclipse of the sun, a comet, 
 or unusual colour of the moon : but, the word Mon- 
 ster now denotes something formed contrary to the 
 general rules of nature, or any thing extremely 
 large. F. monstre; L. monstrum: monstro^ to show. 
 
 MONUMENT. ^. A memorial. L. moniimentum; from 
 monco^ to bring to remembrance, and mens, the mind. 
 
 MOOD, or MODE. s. Manner; a term of logic and of 
 grammar. — See MODE. 
 
 MORAL, adj. Relating to human conduct; proper; 
 honest. L. moralis; from ?noris, gen. of 7nosj a man- 
 ner. 
 
 MORBID, adj. Diseased. L. viorbldus; from morbus^ 
 sickness. 
 
 MORDANT, s. A substance, such as alum, or iron, 
 which has a chemical affinity for another substance; 
 and with which cloth or yarn is prepared before 
 dyeing. F. mordant; sharp, acrid; from mordre, to 
 bite: L. mordeo. 
 
 'MOROSE, adj. Peevish; sullen. L. 7norosus; from mor- 
 deo, to bite. 
 
 MORTAL, adj. Subject to death; causing death. L- 
 mortalis; from mors, death. 
 
 MORTGAGE, s. Security on lands, Sec. F. mort, dead, 
 and gage, a pledge. 
 
 MORTIFY. V. To destroy the vital principle; to sub- 
 due inordinate passions; to vex. F. mortijier: L. mors, 
 death, and /acio, to make, or cause. 
 
 MORTMAIN, s. Such a state of possession as makes 
 it unalienable; whence, it is said to be in a dead hand. 
 F. morte, dead, and main, a hand. 
 
 MOTIVE, s. That which incites. L. moiiviis: inoto, to 
 move. 
 
 MUCILAGE. .9. A slimy or gummy substance. F. mz^- 
 fi7a^>-f.— See MUCUS. 
 
 MUCILAGINOUS, adj. Having the quality of muci- 
 lage. From mucilage, and the L. genus^ a sort. 
 
 MUCOUS, adj. Viscous; slimy.—See MUCUS. 
 
 MUCULENT. adj. Viscous; slimy.— See MUCUS- 
 
MUC— MUR 
 
 MUCUS, s. That v.'hich issues from the nose; a viscous 
 
 fluid. L. ^ _ 
 
 MULCT. V. To punish by fine or forfeiture. L. mulcto, 
 
 to fine. 
 MULCTUARY. adj. Imposing a fine.— See MULCT. 
 MULTIFARIOUS, adj. Having great diversity; vari- 
 ous. L. midtifcr; comp. of 7n ulcus, many, and J'c?'Oy 
 
 to bear. 
 MULTIFORM, adj. Having various forms. L. miilti- 
 
 foDiiis; from multus, many, and for?na, a shape. 
 MULTILATERAL, adj. Having many sides. L. from 
 
 muUus, many, and latus, a side. 
 MULTIPAROUS. adj. Producing many at a birth. L. 
 
 muliiparus; from mulius, many, and pario, to bring 
 
 forth young. 
 MULTIPEDE. 5. An insect with many feet. L. inul- 
 
 tliicda; from multus, many, and pedes, pi. oi pes, a 
 
 foot. 
 MULTIPLY. IK To increase; to find the product of 
 
 arithmetical factors. L. multiplico; from muUus, many, 
 
 and plico, to fold. 
 MULTITUDE. 5. A great number; the vulgar. L. 
 
 multltudo; multus, manv. 
 MULTUM IJ^ PARVO'. Much in little space. L, 
 
 multum, neuter of multus, much, in, in, par 00, abl. of 
 
 fiarvus, little. 
 MUNDANE, adj. Belonging to the world. L. munda- 
 
 71 us; from mundus, the world. 
 MUNICIPAL, adj. Belonging or relating to a corpo- 
 ration. L. municipalis; from municipium, a privileged 
 
 city, — munus, a gift, and capio, to hold. 
 MUNIFICENCE, s. Liberality. L. muniJicenHai from 
 
 munus, a gift, and/ac/o, to make. 
 MUNITION, s. Ammunition; materials for war. L. 
 
 munitio; ivom. 7minio, to strengthen. 
 MURAL, adj. Pertaining to a wall. L. 77iuralis; from 
 
 7nurus, a wail. 
 MURIATES, s. Salts formed by the combination of 
 
 any base with muriatic acid. — See MURIATIC. 
 MURIATIC, adj. Having a chemical basis of salt. L. 
 
 ■muria, salt v/ater. 
 
MUS— -MYT 
 
 MUSEUM, s, A repository of curiosities. L. museum; 
 G. mouseion^ a place dedicated to the Muses: from 
 mousa^ a Muse. 
 
 MUSIC, s. Instrumental or vocal harmony. L. musica; 
 G. rnousike; from mousa^ a Muse. 
 
 MUTABLE, adj. Changeable; inconstant. L. mutabi- 
 Us; from viiito, to change. 
 
 MUTATIS MUTAjYDIS. After making the neces- 
 sary changes: (inflections of the L. muto^ to change.) 
 
 MUTE. adj. Silent. L. mutus^ dumb; G. muttos; from 
 muos to shut. 
 
 MUTILATE. V. To deprive of some essential part. L. 
 inutilo: muto^ to change, or transform. 
 
 MUTINY, v. To form a plan of insurrection; to rise 
 against authority. F. mutiner; L. mutus^ silent; be- 
 cause mutinies are organized in silence. — See MUTE. 
 
 MUTTON, s. The iiesh of a sheep. F. mouton^ a 
 sheep. 
 
 MUTUAL, adj. Reciprocal. L. mutuus; from muto^ to 
 exchange. 
 
 INIYRIAD. s. A vast number. G. murias.^ ten-thousand. 
 
 MYRMIDON. 8. A ruffian; a mercenary bravo. G. 
 Tiiurmedon; from the Myrmidones^ a people who fol- 
 lowed Achilles to the Trojan war. 
 
 MYSTERY, s. Something shut or hidden from the 
 knowledge of the people, and known only by the an- 
 cient priests; something beyond human comprehen- 
 bion. L. mysterium; G. musterion; muo^ to shut. 
 
 MYSTIC, or MYSTICAL, adj. Sacredly obscure, as 
 distinguished from mysterious^ which applies to com- 
 mon obscurities; secret; emblematical. L. mysticus, 
 —See MYSTERY. 
 
 MYTHOLOGY, s. System offlibles; explication of the 
 fabulous history of heathen gods. F. mythologie; G. 
 muthos., a fable, (from muo, to shut,) and lo(^os, a 
 ♦icscriptiop.c 
 
NAR— NEG 
 
 N. 
 
 XARCOTIC. adj. Promoting- sleep. G. narko-o^ t« 
 
 stupefy. 
 NARRATE, v. To relate. L. narro, to tell. 
 NASAL, adj. Relating- to the nose. L, nasiis, the nose. 
 NATAL, adj. Native; relating to nativity. L. 7iatali»; 
 
 from naiusy part, of nascor., to ))e born. 
 NATION, s, A people, distinguished from another 
 
 people, by plaee of bh-t/i^ Sec; a country. F. nationj 
 
 L. natio. — See NATAL. 
 NATIVE, adj. Produced by nature; natural; relating 
 
 to the place of birth, or production: ,9. one born in 
 
 a particular country. L. nativus. — See NATAL. 
 NAUSEOUS. «f/;. Loathsome, lu.na-useonus: G.nausia, 
 
 sea-sickness; from ?iaus, a ship. 
 NAUTICAL, adj. Relating to sailors; naval. G. nau- 
 
 tikos; from naus^^ a ship. 
 NAVAL, adj. Relating to ships; pertaining to a navy. 
 
 L. navalis. — See NAVY. 
 NAVIGATE, -v. To pass by water; to steer. L. uavi- 
 
 go; from navis^ a ship, and ago^ to move. 
 NAVY. s. A national fleet. L. navis^ a ship: G. naus; 
 
 from ?zrto, to glide. 
 NEBULOUS, adj. Cloudy. L. nebulosus; G. nefihos^ 
 
 a cloud. 
 NECESSARY, adj. Needful; essential, lu.necessarius; 
 
 from 7ie.) not, and cessinyi., sup. of cedo., to depart, or 
 
 resis^n. 
 NECROMANCER, s. One who pretends to converse 
 
 with the dead; a conjurer. G. 7ie/cros, dead, and 7nan~ 
 
 r/,9, a prophet. 
 NECTAR, s. A delightful drink. G. ?iektar, the fabled 
 
 beverage of the gods. 
 NEFARIOUS, adj. Criminal; abominable. L. nefarU 
 
 U8; from nefasy a wicked action : which is from ne^ 
 
 not, and fas., right. 
 NEGATIVE, adj. Not affirmative; not positive. L. ne^ 
 
 gativusj from nego^ to deny: nc ^ i\qX^ and ago^ to do. 
 
NEG— NIS 
 
 NEGLECT. V. To omit b}^ heedlessness; to slight. L', 
 7ieglectu?n^ sup. of negligo : nee, not, and lego, to 
 choose. 
 
 MEGLIGE'E. s. A sort of gown, worn as an undress^ 
 
 F. neglige, part, of negUger, to neglect. 
 NEGLIGENCE, s. Habit of neglect; carelessness. F- 
 
 negligence. — See NEGLECT. 
 NEGOTIATE, -o. To traffic; to treat. L. negotium, 
 
 time of business; comp. oi 7i€c, not, and otiiuyt, lei- 
 sure. 
 NEGRO, s. A black man. Spanish, negro ; L. 7iiger^ 
 
 black. 
 JVEM. COJV. An abbreviation oi neinine contradicente; 
 
 "no person opposing or disagreeing." L. nevio, no 
 
 one, and contradico, to speak against. 
 XEM. DISS. An abbreviation of nemine dissentients, 
 
 and expressing the same meaning as nem. con. L. 
 
 72^7720, no one, and dissentio, to disagree in opinion. 
 NEPHRITIC, adj. Belonging to the organs of urine; 
 
 troubled with the stone; remedial against the stone. 
 
 G. nefihritikos: from nephrcs, a rein or kidney. 
 NEPHROTOMY, s. The operation of opening the kid- 
 neys; the operation of cutting for the stone. G. ne- 
 fihros, a kidney, and temno, to cut. 
 
 JVE PLUS ULTRA. Utmost degree. L. ne, riot, fi I us, 
 
 more, ultra, beyond. 
 NEPOTISM, s. Fondness for nephews. F. nefioti^me: 
 
 L. nefios, a nephew. 
 NEUROLOGY, s. Description of the nerves. G. neu- 
 ron, a nerve, and logos, a description. 
 NEUROTOMY, s. The anatomy of the nerves. G. neu^ 
 
 ron, a nerve, and temno, to cut. 
 NEUTER, adj. Neutral; indifferent; neither male nor 
 
 female. L. neuter, neither. 
 NP2UTRAL. adj. Indifferent; not concerned in a war 
 
 between other states; chemically inactive. L. neutral- 
 
 i.9^— See NEUTER. 
 NIGRESCENT, adj. Growing black. L. nigrescens; 
 
 part, ox nigresco: 7iiger,h\\.ic\i. 
 JSriSI-PRIUS. In England, a judicial writ, by w^hich 
 
 a sheriff is to assemble a jury at Westminster Hall, 
 
 on a certain day ; unless, before that day, the king's 
 
NIT— NON 
 
 judges go into the sheriff's county, to determine 
 causes. This intention may now be considered as a 
 mere fiction. L. nisi, unless, /2ri?/.9, before. 
 
 'NITROGEN, s. The principle of nitre; the chief in- 
 gredient of atmospheric air. L. nitrum, nitre, and G. 
 ge?i7iaa, to generate. 
 
 NOCTURNAL, adj. In the night. L. 7ioctur?iusi from 
 ?zo.r, night. 
 
 .YOLEA'S VOLEjYS. Willing or unwilling. L. no- 
 lens, (part, of nolo,) unwilling; and volens, (part, of 
 c'o/o,) willing: the conjunction, signifying or, is un- 
 derstood, and the order of the Latin is reversed in the 
 English translation. 
 
 JS'^OLLE PROSEQUI. To be unwilling to proceed; 
 a form used in law, when the plaintiff declines pro- 
 ceeding further; or when the Attorney-general wishes 
 to withdraw an action. L. nolle, to be unwilling, 
 prosequi, to proceed, or prosecute: from Jiolo, and 
 firosecjiior. ^ 
 
 NOMENCLATURE, s. Mode of giving names; a vo- 
 cabulary. L. nomenclatura: nomen, a name. 
 
 NOMINAL, adj. Referring to names, rather than 
 things; titular; not real. L. nominalis; from nomen^ 
 a name. 
 
 NOMINATE. -V. To appoint by name. L. nomino, from, 
 nomeii, a name. 
 
 NOMINATIVE, s. First case in grammar. L. nomi- 
 7iativus; ivorci no me 71, a name; because it primarily 
 displays the original word, or name of any thing. 
 
 NONAGE, s. Minority of years. L. non, not, and age. 
 
 J\'OJV ASSUMPSIT. He did not assume, or under- 
 take; a plea, in law, opposed to assumfisit. L. 
 
 J^OA^CHALAA''CE. s. Carelessness; supineness; indif- 
 ference. F. 
 
 .VO.V COMPOS ME A/'TIS. Not of sound mind; a 
 phrase opposed to compos 7ne7itis. L. 
 
 NONCONDUCTOR, s. In philosophy, that which does 
 not conduct the electric fluid, heat, sound. Sec. L. nouy 
 not, and conductor. 
 
 NONCONFORMIST, s. A dissenter. L. non^ not, ani^ 
 conform. 
 
NON— NOT 
 
 NONENTITY, s. A creature of the imagination. L. 
 7?o«, not, and ens^ a being. 
 
 NONES, s. Certain days of the Roman Kalendar, — 
 the 7th day of March, May, July, and October, and 
 the 5th of the remaining months. L. nonce. 
 
 J^'OJV EST I^'VEMTUS. In law, signifies, " he has 
 not been found:" the phrase is familiarly used to de- 
 note a sudden disappearance, or concealment. L. est^ 
 he is, 77,072, not, inventus^ found: (no?i, sum^ and in- 
 x'enior.J 
 
 NONEXISTENCE. «. Negation of existence; a thing 
 not existing. L. 72077, not, and existence. 
 
 NONJUROR, s. One who refuses to swear allegiance, 
 E. 72077, not, and J2^?'o, to swear. 
 
 NONPAREIL, s. That which cannot be matched; ex- 
 cellence unequaled. F. 72072, not, 2ind Jtareil, a match : 
 L. 72077, and/2a7'. 
 
 NONPLUS, s. Inability to proceed; alow word. L. 72072, 
 not, and /ihiSj jnorc. 
 
 NONSUIT. V. To deprive of the benefit of a legal pro- 
 cess, in consequence of some failure in the manage- 
 ment. L. non, not, and suit. 
 
 NOSOLOGY. 5. Doctrine of diseases; G. 7iosos^ a dis- 
 ease, and log-OS^ a description. 
 
 NOT A BEJVE^ or N. B. " Observe this particularly." 
 N. B. is often used instead of P. S. ov postscrijit; l3ut 
 a careful writQr will avoid this impropriety. L. 7iota^ 
 (imper. of noto^) mark, bene^ well. 
 
 NOTABLE, adj. Remarkable. — (vulgarly, careful.) L. 
 notabilis; from 720^0, to mark. 
 
 NOTARY, s. An official recorder. L. iiotarius; from 
 72 0^0, to mark. 
 
 NOTATION, s. The art of recording or describing by 
 scientific marks, as in arithmetic and music. L. 72o;a- 
 ^20; from 72 o?o, to mark. 
 
 NOTE. -v. To observe; to record. L. 720^0, to mark. 
 
 NOTIFY, -v. To make known. L. notrjico; comp. of 
 notus, known, (p. part, of nosco,) and facio, to 
 make. 
 
 NOTORIOUS, adj. Extensively known, (used in rela- 
 tion to a bad action.) L. notorius; from 72oro, to 
 mark. 
 
NOU— NUR 
 
 NOURISH. V. To support by food; to promote growth 
 or strength; to encourage; to foment. F. nourrir; L. 
 nutrio^ to nurse. 
 
 NOVEL, adj. New; uncommon. L. nove!Iu-9^ dun. of 
 noviis^ new. 
 
 NOVEMBER, s. Formerly, the ninth month, when the 
 year began in March. L. yiovcmbrls; novem^ nuie. 
 
 NOVICE, s. An inexperienced person ; one who has 
 entered a convent, but has not yet taken the vow. F. 
 7iovice; L. novus^ new. 
 
 NOV^ITIATE. 6. The state of a novice; the time in 
 which the rudiments are learned; the time spent in 
 a religious house by way of trial, before the vow is 
 made. F. noviciat; L. -novitius^ newly made. — See 
 NOVICE. 
 
 XOVUS HOMO. A term used to denote a man re- 
 cently emerged from obscurity, or from a state of com- 
 parative indigence. L. novus., new, and hoino^ a man. 
 
 NOXIOUS, adj. Hurtful. L. noxlus; from 7ioxa, hurt: 
 7ioceo, to hurt. 
 
 NUCIFEROUS, adj. Nut-bearing. L. 7i2icis, gen. of 
 nua:, a nut, diudfero, to bear. 
 
 NUCLEUS, s. A kernel; somethhig about which mat- 
 ter is collected. L. nucleus^ a kernel. 
 
 NUDE. s. A female who exposes her person by the 
 lightness or scantiness of her dress. L. nudufi^ naked. 
 
 NUDITY, s. Nakedness. F. nuditc; L. nudus, naked. 
 
 NUGATORY, adj. Trifling; futile; insignificant. L. 
 7i7igatoriii8; from nug-or, to trifle. 
 
 NULL. adj. Of no force; extinct. L. nullus, none. 
 
 NUMERAL, adj. Relating to number. F. Jiumeral^ L. 
 7iuvierus^ a number. 
 
 NUMERICALLY, adv. With regard to the number, 
 but not the quality. — See NUMERAL. 
 
 NUMEROUS, ac^y. Great in number; many. 'L.77u?ne)'o- 
 sus; from 7ium€rus^ a number. 
 
 NUPTIAL, adj. Relating to marriage. L. TiufitialiH ; 
 Tiufitia^ a wedding. 
 
 NURSE, s. A woman that has the care of a child, or of 
 a sick person; one w^ho rears, educates, or protects. 
 F. iiourrice.—^QQ NOURISH. 
 [17] 
 
NUR— .OJBL 
 
 NURTURE. V. To feed; to bring to maturity; to 
 educate. ¥. nourriture^ sustenance. — See NURSE. 
 
 NUTRIMENT. *. Food. L. nutrimentum; from. 7i2itrio, 
 to nurse. 
 
 NUTRITIOUS, adj, Nourisliing. L. nutritius; from 
 nutrio^ to nurse. 
 
 NYMPH, s. A goddess of the woods, meadows, or 
 waters; in poetry, a young female. L. 7iyni/iha; G. 
 numphe^ a bride. This sense does not, however, ac- 
 cord either with the heathen, or the present applica- 
 tion, of the word. 
 
 O. 
 
 OBDURATE, adj. Stubborn; impenitent, L. obdura- 
 
 tiis, part, of obdiiro; ob^ against, and duro, to harden. 
 OBEDIENT, adj. Submissive to authority; obsequious. 
 
 L. obediens. — See OBEY. 
 OBEISANCE, s. An act of submission, or reverence; 
 
 a bow, or courtesy. F. obeisance. — See OBEY. 
 OBELISK, s. A monument, generally of four sides, and 
 
 pyramidical; a mark (f) referring to the margin. L. 
 
 obeliscus; G. obelos, a mark. 
 OBESITY. 6'. High degree of corpulence. L. obesus^ 
 
 fat. 
 OBEY. V. To submit to authority; to comply with. L. 
 
 obeo, to go to, or be ready at: ob, according to, and 
 
 eo, to go. 
 OBIIT, V. He (or she) died. L. obeo<, to go to, or die. 
 
 —See OBEY. 
 OB'JECT. s. Something throwji or placed before the 
 
 eye; something in view; something acted on. L. ob- 
 
 jectus, p. part, of objicio: from o/j, before, or against, 
 
 and jacio, to throw, or place. 
 OBJECT'. V. To oppose; (with io or against.^ — See 
 
 the noun. 
 OBJECTIVE, adj. Relating to the object; s. the third 
 
 case in the majority of English grammars. — See OB'- 
 JECT. 
 OBLATE, adj. Partaking of flatness. L. oblatiis., (n. 
 
OBL— -OBS 
 
 part, oi offer 0,) struck, or forced: oZ?, against, and Ze- 
 ro, to bear. 
 
 OBLATION, s. A relis^ious sacrifice. L. oblatus^ p. 
 part, of offero^ to offer. 
 
 OBLIGATION, s. Bindin?^ power; contract; duty; fa- 
 vour conferred. L. ob/ig-afio. — See OBLIGE. 
 
 (OBLIGE. V. To bind; to compel; to do a kind action, 
 and thus bind the person favoured, by a tie of grati- 
 tude. F. obliger; L. obiigo: ob, according to, or by 
 reason of, and ligo, to bind. 
 
 OBLIQUE, adj. Not direct; not parallel; not perpen- 
 dicular. L, obligutis; from 06, against, or about, and 
 lictusy p. part, of linquo, to leave, or forsake. 
 
 OBLITERATE, in- To blot out; to destroy. L. cblite- 
 ro; comp. of 06, against, and litera^ a letter. 
 
 OBLIVION. 6-. Forgetfulness; amnesty. L. oblivio; 
 from 06, against, and la-vo^ to wash. 
 
 OBLOQUY, s. Censure; slander; reproach. L. oblo- 
 (juor^ to reproach; comp. of ob^ against, and loquor^ to 
 speak. 
 
 OBNOXIOUS, adj. Injurious; considered with aver- 
 sion. This word is frequently used in other senses, 
 but erroneously, or through affectation. L. obfioxius: 
 06, against, 7io.ra., hurt. 
 
 OBSCURE, adj. Dark; abstruse; little known. L. ob- 
 scnrus, dusky, 
 
 OBSEQUIES. V. Funeral solcmniiies. F. obseques; 
 from the L. obsequium^ attendance on some great 
 person: obsequor., to follow. 
 
 OBSEQUIOUS, adj. Meanly compliant. L. obsequio- 
 sus; from ob^ according to, and seqiior^ to follow. 
 
 OBSOLETE, adj. Disused. L. obsoletus; from obsoleo: 
 ob., against, and fiolro^ to use. 
 
 OBSTACLE, s. Obstruction. F. obfituclc; L. ob, against, 
 and .?ra, to stand. 
 
 OBSTETRIC, adj. Relating to midwifery. L. obstetrlx, 
 a midwife. 
 
 OBSTINATE, adj. Stubborn. L. ohstinatus, part, of 
 obstifio: comp. of ob, against, and teneo, to hold. 
 
 OBSTRUCT. V. To impede; to hinder. L. rybstructiun^ 
 sup. of obstruj; from oh, against, and fitruxi, to pile u]). 
 
OBT—OCT 
 
 OBTAIN. V. To gain; to acquire; to procure. L. obti- 
 
 7ieo: ob^ against, and teneo^ to hold. 
 OBTRUDE. XK To enter by force or imposture; to of- 
 fer intrusively. L. obtrudo; from ob, against, and 
 
 trudo^ to thrust. 
 OBTRUSION. 5. The act of obtruding. L. obtrususy 
 
 p. part, of obtrudo. — See OBTRUDE. 
 OBTUSE, adj. Blunt ;^ — opposed to^ acute. L. obiuf^iis, 
 
 p. part, of obtundo; comp. of ob^ against, and tundo^ 
 
 to beat; — that is, made blunt by being beaten. 
 OBVIATE. V. To avert or remove, by meeting the 
 
 obstruction in its way or passage. L. ob^ against, and 
 
 x'/a, a way. 
 OBVIOUS, adj. Easily perceived. L. obviiis^ meeting 
 
 in the way; comp. of ab^ against, and via^ a way. 
 OCCASION, s. Occurrence; incident; opportunity. L. 
 
 occasio; from 06, for, or against, and casus^ a chance. 
 OC'CIDENTAL. adj. Western. L. occidentalis; occi- 
 
 dens^ the west: from occido, to fall down; alluding to 
 
 the setting of the sun. 
 OCCLUSION, s. Shutting out. L. occlusio; from oby 
 
 against, and clausuniy sup. oi claudo, to shut. 
 OCCULT, adj. Hidden; abstruse. L. occultus; p. part. 
 
 of occuloy to hide. 
 OCCUPY. V. To hold. L. occufio; comp. of 06, before, 
 
 and cafiio^ to take. 
 OCCUR. X*. To enter into the mind; to happen. L. oc- 
 
 curro; from ob^ against, and curro^ to run. 
 OCELLATED. *. Resembling the eye. L. ocellatus; 
 
 oc7{lus, an eye. 
 OCTAGON, s. A figure containing eight sides and 
 
 angles. G. okto^ ^'ight, and gonia, a corner. 
 OCTANGULAR, adj. Having eight angles. L. ocio, 
 
 eight, and a7igulus^ an angle. 
 OCTAVE. .9. In music, an eighth, or an interval of 
 
 eight sounds. L. octavusy eight. 
 OCTAVO. 6'. A book, the leaves of which are equal in 
 
 size to the eighth part of a sheet. L. abl. oi octaxnis. 
 
 the eighth. 
 OCTENNIAL, adj. Happening every eighth year; 
 
 lusting eight years. L. octo^ eight, and annus.) a year. 
 
OCT— OLF 
 
 OCTOBER, s. The eig-hth month, when the year be- 
 gan in March. L. October; from octo, eight. 
 
 OCTUPLE, adj. Eight fold. L. octuplii^; from octo^ 
 eight. 
 
 OCULAR, adj. Relating to perception by sight. F. ocu- 
 laire: L. oculus^ an eye. 
 
 OCULIST, s. An eye-surgeon. L. oculus, an eye. 
 
 ODE. s. A poem intended to be sung. G. ode; from 
 aeido^ to sing. 
 
 ODIOUS, adj. Hateful; detestable. L. ot/io.s«5.— See 
 ODIUM. 
 
 ODIUM, s. Quality of provoking dislil..e; disgrace. L. 
 odimnj dislike. 
 
 ODORIFEROUS, a r//. Fragrant. L. odorifcr; from odor, 
 scent, and/*??'©, to bring. 
 
 OFFEND. V. To displease; to transgress. L. offendo^ 
 to strike against. 
 
 OFFENSIVE, adj. Offending; assailing; opposed to 
 defensive; displeasing; disgusting; painful. F. offen- 
 sif; L. o^ensusj p. part, oi offejido. — See OFFEND 
 
 OFFER. V. To present; to attempt. L. offeror comp. of 
 o3, for, or against, and/t^ro, to bring. 
 
 OFFICE, .s. A public charge or employment; agency; 
 business; a place for transacting business. F. office: 
 L. officium^ employment: comp. of ob^ for, and facio^ 
 to do. 
 
 OFFICIAL, adj. Relating to an office; published by the 
 proper office, and thus made authentic. F. official. — 
 See OFFICE. 
 
 OFFICIATE, -u. To perform the business of an office. 
 —See OFFICE. 
 
 OFFICIOUS, adj. Though this word originally ex- 
 pressed doing good offices^ which meaning is in exact 
 accordance with its etymology, it is now rarely used 
 except to denote intrusively active. F. officieux; L. 
 ojgiciosus. — See OFFICE. 
 
 OIL. s. The expressed juice of olives; any thin, greasy- 
 matter. L. oleum: olea.^ an olive tree. 
 
 OLEAGINOUS, adj. Oily. L. oleaginus; from olea^ 
 
 an olive tree, and genus, a kind.— See OIL. 
 OLFACTORY, adj. Having the sense of smelling. F. 
 olfactoire: L. olfacio^ to smell to. 
 
OLI— OPI 
 
 OLIGARCHY, s. Government by a few. G. oligarchia; 
 
 from olig-os, a few, and arche^ government. 
 OMEN. s. A prognostic. L. omen: G. oimai^ to consi- 
 der, or suppose. 
 OMINOUS, adj. Betokening; generally considered in- 
 
 auspiciously, or in an unfavourable sense. L. omino- 
 
 sus. — See OMEN. 
 OMISSION, s. The act of omitting; thing omitted. L. 
 
 omissus^ p. part, oi ojnitto. — See OMIT. 
 OMIT. V. To leave out; to neglect. L. omitto^ to throw 
 
 aside. 
 OMNIPOTENT, adj. Almighty. L. omnipoteiis; comp. 
 
 of ojnnis^ all, and fiotens^ (part, of possuvi^ being 
 
 able. 
 OMNIPRESENT, adj. In every place. L. omnis^ all, 
 
 and fircssens^ being present. 
 OMNISCIENT, adj. Knowing every thing. L. onmis, 
 
 all, and sciens^ part, of sciOs to know. 
 OMNIUM, .s. The aggregate of certain portions of dif- 
 ferent stocks in the English funds. L. omnium^ of all; 
 
 gen. pi. of omnis. 
 ONEROUS, adj. Oppressive. L. onerosus; from omis, 
 
 a burthen. 
 ONOMANCY. s. Pretended divination by a name. G. 
 
 onoma^ a name, and manteia^ a foretelling. 
 ONTOLOGY, s. The doctrine of being or existence. 
 
 G. o«, being, and logosy a description. 
 OA'US PROBAKDI. The burthen of proving. L. onus,^ 
 
 a burthen, and firohandi^ gen. gerund of firobo, to 
 
 prove. 
 OPACITY, s. Cloudiness; want of transparency, F, 
 
 ojiacite; L. ojiacitas. — See OPAQUE. 
 OPAQUE, adj. Cloudy; not transparent. F. ofiaque; L. 
 
 o/iacus; from opaco, to shade. 
 OPERATE. V. To act; to produce effect. L. operorj 
 
 from o/uisy work. 
 OPEROSE. adj. Laborious. L. oJierosiis.-See OPE- 
 RATE. 
 OPHTHALMIA, s. A disorder of the eyes. G. oji/i- 
 
 thahnos, an eye. 
 OPIATE. 5. A medicine that promotes sleep. G. o/iio??^ 
 
 the juice of poppies. 
 
OPl— ORB 
 
 OPINION, s. Conjecture; sentiments; judgment. L. 
 ojiinio; from ojiinor^ to think. 
 
 OPPONENT. *. One who opposes. L. ofilionens^ (part. 
 of oji^iono^) opposing. — See OPPOSE. 
 
 OPPORTUNITY, .f. Convenient point of time; con- 
 venience. L, opjiortiuiitas; from 06, in the way of, and 
 jiorto^ to carry, 
 
 OPPOSE. V. To obstruct; to hinder. L. o/ifiositum, 
 sup. of optiono; from 06, against, and //owo, to place. 
 
 OPPOSITE, adj. Standing in front; contrary. — See 
 OPPOSE. 
 
 OPPRESS. V, To overpower; to tyrannise over, L. 
 ofijiressiiin^ sup. o£ op/irimo: ob, against, and /irf'^^o, 
 to press. 
 
 OPPROBRIOUS, adj. Reproachful; scurrilous. L. c/i- 
 fu'obriumj disgrace: ob, against, and firobrum^ de- 
 formity. 
 
 OPPUGN. V. To oppose; to resist. Oppugn is an af- 
 fected, and unnecessary word. L. ofipugno; ob^ against, 
 ^tA pugno^ to fight. 
 
 OPTICIAN. 8. One skilled in optics; a maker of opti- 
 cal instruments. — See OPTICS. 
 
 OPTICS. 8. The science of the laws of vision. G. op.-Ss 
 an eye. 
 
 OPTIMISM. 8. The doctrine that every thing is order- 
 ed for the best. F. optimisme; from the L, optimus^ 
 best. 
 
 OPTION, s. Choice. L. optio; from opto^ to choose, 
 
 OPULENT, adj. Wealthy. L. opulens: opes., riches; 
 from opis., power. 
 
 ORx\CLE. 8. One who conveys information by super- 
 natural wisdom; or by pretended supernatural wis- 
 dom, as the oracle at Delphos; the place where the 
 information is delivered ; a person famed for wisdom. 
 L. oracuhnn; oro, to speak. 
 
 ORAL. adj. Delivered by the mouth; not written. F. 
 oral; L. oris, gen. of 0.9, the mouth. 
 
 ORATOR. 8. A public speaker; a man of eloquence. L, 
 orator; from oro, to speak. 
 
 ORB. s. A sphere; cii-cuiar body; circle; line described 
 by a planet. L. orbis, a round thing of any kind. 
 
 ORBICULAR, adj. Spherical j circular .—Sec ORB 
 
ORB— ORP 
 
 ORBIT. 5-. The line described by the revolution of a 
 planet. L. orbita. — See ORB. 
 
 ORCHESTRA, or ORCHESTRE. s. The place where 
 the musicians sit in a theatre, or bail room. G. orches- 
 tra; from orcheoinaii to dance, — alluding to the dancing 
 choristers of a Greek theatre. 
 
 ORDAIN. V. To appoint; to decree; to invest with 
 the sacerdotal office. L. ordino: from ordo^ a rule or 
 law. 
 
 ORDINAL, adj. Relating to numerical position ; as, 
 first, second, third. L. ordinalis; from ordo, order or 
 rank. 
 
 ORDINANCE, s. A law; appointment. F. ordonnance. 
 —See ORDAIN. 
 
 ORDINARY, adj. Established; common; of low rank. 
 L. ordinarius. — See ORDAIN. 
 
 ORDINATION, s. Established order or tendency; in- 
 vestment of the sacerdotal office. L. ordinatio. — See 
 ORDAIN. 
 
 ORGAN, s. Natural instrument; as the ear, which is 
 the organ of hearing, — the eye, of sight; a sort of 
 musical instrument. F. organe: G. organon^ an instru- 
 ment: orge^ force; or ergon^ work. 
 
 ORGANIZE, adj. To arrange, so that all the parts 
 may co-operate. — See ORGAN. 
 
 ORGIES, s. Frantic revels. G. orgia; from orge^ vehe- 
 ment ardour. 
 
 ORIENTAL, adj. Eastern. F. oriental; L. oriens, the 
 east; from orior, to arise. 
 
 ORIFICE, s. An opening, or perforation. L. orijicium; 
 from oris., gen. of 05, a mouth, or gap, and facio^ to 
 make. 
 
 ORIGIN, s. Beginning; source. L. origo; from orior^ 
 to arise. 
 
 ORIGINAL, ac//. Primitive; not copied from another. 
 L. origiyialis.'—See ORIGIN. 
 
 ORISONS, s. Prayers. F. oraisons: L. oro, to beg. 
 
 ORNAMENT, s. Embellishment. L. ornamentmn: or- 
 no., to adorn. 
 
 ORPHAN, s. A child who has lost its parents, or one 
 of its parents. G. orphanos^ destitute. 
 
ORT— OVI 
 
 ORTHODOXY, s. Supposed infallibility of opinion 
 and doctrine. G. orthodoxia; orthos, right, and dokco, 
 to perceive. 
 
 ORTHOEPY. *. The science of right pronunciation. 
 G. orthos^ right, and epos^ a word. 
 
 ORTHOGON. s. A rectangular figure. G. or//i 05, right, 
 and gonia^ an angle. 
 
 ORTHOGRAPHY, s. Knowledge of spelling. G. or- 
 t/iosy right, and grajiho^ to write. 
 
 OSCILLATION, s. The act of moving backward and 
 forward like a pendulum. L. oscillum^ an image, sus- 
 pended and swung in the air, by the heathen wor- 
 shipers. G. ossio-o., to render holy. 
 
 OSSIFY. V. To change to bone. L. os, a bone, and^o, 
 to become. 
 
 OSTENSIVE. adj. Avowed; shown. F. ostensif. L. 
 ostensus^ p. part, of ostendo: os^ the face, and tendo, 
 to stretch forth. 
 
 OSTENTATION, s. Ambitious display. L. ostentatio. 
 —See OSTENSIVE. 
 
 OSTRACISM, s. Public sentence inscribed, by each 
 voter, upon a shell. G. ostrakismos; from ostrakon, a 
 shell. 
 
 OUTRE', adj. Uncommon; different from the usual 
 mode. F. 
 
 OVAL. adj. Not quite round, but oblate at the ends or 
 poles. F. ovale: L. ovum., an t.^%. 
 
 OVATION, s. A lesser Roman triumph. L. ovatio: 
 from ovis<f a sheep; because, on this occasion, the vic- 
 tor sacrificed a sheep ; but, in the greater triumph, 
 he sacrificed a bull. 
 
 OVERPLUS, s. Surplus. Compounded of over, and 
 L. filiis^ more. 
 
 OVERT, adj. Open; public. F. ouvert, part, of ouvi^ir, 
 to open. 
 
 OVERTURE. .9. First proposal; musical prelude. F. 
 ouvert2ir€; from ouvrir.^ to open;— that is, to begin. 
 
 OVIFORM, s. Having the form of an q^'^. L. ovum^ 
 an egg, and ybrwa, figure. 
 
 OVIPAROUS, adj. Bringing forth eggs. L. ovum, an 
 egg, and Jiario^ to bring forth. 
 
OXA— PAN 
 
 OXALIC, adj. The acid denominated oxalic, is found 
 ill the juice of sorrel. L. oxalis, wild sorrel. 
 
 OXIDE, s. Any substance combining oxygen, in a pro- 
 portion not sufficient to produce acidity. — See OXY- 
 GEN. 
 
 OXYGEN, s. The principle of acids, and of combustion, 
 and a necessary agent in the support of animal life. 
 G. oxus, an acid, and gerinao^ to generate. 
 
 OYER AND TERMINER. A judicial commission 
 given " to hear and determhie." F. oyer^ to hear, and 
 terminer^ to end or determine. 
 
 P. 
 
 PABULUM, s. Food; support. L. from/zasco, to feed. 
 
 PACIFY. V. To appease. V.pacijier; lu.fiacijico; comp. 
 of /ma", peace, and yaczo, to make. 
 
 PALE. s. A rail or post; an enclosure; district. "L. pa- 
 liis, a post. 
 
 PALISADE, s. A defence made of pales. F. palisade; 
 L. palus^ a post. 
 
 PALLADIUM, s. Properly, a statue of Pallas^ (Miner- 
 va,) which, it was said, fell from heaven, and on the 
 preservation of which, it was imagined, depended the 
 safety of Troy : it was accordingly stolen from the 
 city by Ulysses and Diomedes. Palladium is gene- 
 rally used to denote some great preserver of a coun- 
 try's liberty ; as the trial by jury, or freedom of the 
 press. 
 
 PALLET, a. A small bed. F. paille^ straw. 
 
 PALLIATE. X'. To excuse. \^. pallio; ivom. pallium^ a 
 cloak. 
 
 PALLID. adj.Vc\\c. I., pallklus, pale. 
 
 PALPABLE, adj. Perceptible by the touch; easily de- 
 tected. F. palpable; from palpor, to feel in the dark, 
 or grope. 
 
 PALPITATE. V. To beat as the heart. L. palpito, to 
 pant. 
 
 PALSY, s. An abbreviation of Paralysis. 
 
 PANACEA, s. A universal medicine. G. panakcia; 
 pan^ all, and akos., a cure. 
 
PAN— PAR 
 
 PAN ADO. «. Food made of bread and water. L,. /lanis, 
 bread. 
 
 PANDECT, s. A treatise which comprehends the whole 
 of any science; the digest of the civil law. L,./ia?idcc- 
 ta; G. /2a?i, all, and dechomai^ to admit. 
 
 PANEGYRIC. 5. An encomiastic composition; praise. 
 F. pancgyrique; G. fianeguris: fian, all, and agureoy 
 to collect; nicaning, to rehearse all worthy deeds. 
 
 PANOPLY, s. Complete armour. G. tianofilia; from 
 /za/z, all, and ojila^ armour. 
 
 PANORAMA. 8, A very large painting, extended in a 
 kind of theatre, and exhibiting a view of a city, or of 
 some grandly interesting occurrence, such as a con- 
 flagration or a battle. G. iian^ all, and orama^ a view. 
 
 PANTHEON, s. A temple of all the heathen gods; a 
 book describing the heathen gods. G. /i an theioij com]}. 
 of /m«, all, and theos^ a god. 
 
 PANTOMIME, s, A theatrical drama of action, with- 
 out speech. F. pantomime: G. pan^ all, and 7ni7nosy a 
 mimic. 
 
 PANTRY, s. A closet for provisions. Y . panatci-ie ; pam^ 
 bread : L. panis^ bread. 
 
 PAPAL, adj. Relating to the Pope. L. papa, a fond 
 name for father. G. pappas, 
 
 PAPAVEROUS, adj. Resembling poppies. L./m/za- 
 x-er, a poppy. 
 
 PAPER, s. In French, /m/2/er: ivoin papyrus^ an Egyp- 
 tian shrub; of which, paper was originally made. 
 
 PAPILLARY, adj. Having vessels resembling teats. L. 
 papilla, a nipple, or teat. 
 
 PAR. s. State of equality; equal value. IL. par, equal. 
 
 PARABLE, s. A similitude. G. parabole; comp. of 
 para, alike, and ballo, to deliver, or teach ; — that is, 
 to teach one thing, by another which resembles it. 
 
 PARADE, s. Show; review or exercise of a military 
 corps; place of military exercise. Y. parade; \u.pareoy 
 to appear. 
 
 PARADISE, s. Garden of Eden; celestial abode. G. 
 paradeisos, a garden: from a Hebrew word, denoting 
 a place set with fruitful trees. 
 
 PARADOX, s. A position seemingly absurd, 'occause 
 contrary to some received opinion, — yet, true in fact. 
 
PAR— PAR 
 
 G. fiaradoxos: fiara^ contrary to, and doxos^ au 
 opinion. 
 
 PARAGOGE. s. A figure, by which a letter or syllable 
 is affixed to a word, without adding any thing to its 
 sense. G. fiaragoge: jiarago^ to extend. 
 
 PARAGON, s. A model; something extremely well 
 formed. G. para^ from, and ago^ to form. 
 
 PARAGRAPH, s. A distinct part of a discourse. G. 
 paragraphs; from para^ through, and grapho, to 
 write : meaning, through the subject. 
 
 PARALLAX, s. The distance between the true and 
 apparent place of the sun, or any star, viewed from 
 the earth. G. parallaxis^ a difference. 
 
 PARALLEL, adj. Extended in the same direction, and 
 preserving always the same distance ; equal ; iike. G. 
 pcarallelos; from para^ by the side, and allos^ an- 
 other. 
 
 PARALLELOGRAM. .9. A right lined quadrilateral 
 figure, the opposite sides of w^hich are parallel and 
 equal. G. parallelos^ (see parallel,) and gramma^ a 
 figure. 
 
 PARALOGY, s. False reasoning. G.para^ against, and 
 logos, reason. 
 
 PARALYSE. V. To effect by a paralysis ; to enfeeble 
 by contention.—See PARALYSLS. 
 
 PARALYSIS, s. A palsy. G. paralusis; from para, 
 through, and /wo, to untie ; meaning the sinews. Sec. 
 
 PARAMOUR, s. A lover, or wooer ; a mistress. F.par, 
 for, and amour, love, or a love intrigue. 
 
 PARAPHERNALIA, s. Goods which a wife has a le- 
 gal property in, besides her dower ; suitable apparel 
 and ornaments of a wife. G.para, besides, and plierne, 
 a dower. 
 
 PARAPHRASE, s. A loose translation. G. para, alike, 
 or resembling, and phrasis, a speech. 
 
 PARASITE, s. One who frequents the tables of the 
 rich, and earns his welcome by flattery. G. parasitos; 
 from para, near to, and sitos, corn, — meaning, a well 
 stored table. 
 
 PARASOL, s. A portable shelter from the sun. G. pa- 
 ra, against, and L. sol, the sun. 
 
PAR— PAR 
 
 PAREGORIC, adj. An assuaging medicine. G. Jiare- 
 goreo^ to mitigate. 
 
 PARENT. .9. A father or mother. Y. parent: L,. parens; 
 from /lario,, to beget, or bring forth. 
 
 PARENTHESIS, s. A word or sentence so included 
 within another sentence, as that it may be omitted 
 without injuring the sense of that which encloses it. 
 Marked thus ( ). G. jiara^ with, en., in, and thesis, a 
 position. 
 
 PAR EXCELLEjYCE. By way of eminence. F. Jiar, 
 by, and excellence, excellence. 
 
 PARHELION, s. A mock sun, or contiguous resem- 
 blance of the sun. G. para, near, and helios, the sun. 
 
 PARIETAL, adj. Relating to the parietes. — See PA- 
 ^ RIETES. 
 
 PARIETES. s. In anatomy, a term used for the enclo- 
 sures, or membranes, which stop up or close the hol- 
 low parts of the body; such as those of the heart and 
 thorax. L. pi. ol paries, a wall. 
 
 PARI PASSU. VVith an equal pace; by a similar gra- 
 dation, lu.pari, with an equal, /zcs.sw, pace; abl. oi par, 
 and passus. 
 
 PARITY, s. Equality. Y.parite; \u. paritas; from, par, 
 equal. 
 
 PARLEY, s. Conference; short treaty. F. parler, to 
 speak. 
 
 PARLIAMENT, s. The ancient legislative assembly 
 of the states of France ; the present British legislature. 
 Y . parlement, (^^ovmeYly, parliaine^it,) h^om parler, to 
 speak. 
 
 PARLOUR, s. A domestic sitting-room. F. parloirj 
 from parler, to speak, or converse. 
 
 PAROCHIAL, adj. Relating to a parish. L. parochia, 
 a parish; Q. para, near to, and oikeo, to dwell; — re* 
 ferring to an ancient convent: the inhabitants of which 
 had the charge of a district, such as we now denomi- 
 nate a parish. 
 
 PARODY, s. A literary imitation. G. parodia: para, 
 opposite to, and ode, a song; that is, a different sub- 
 ject, in the same style. 
 
 PAROLE, s. A verbal pledge of honour. F. parole^ a 
 word. 
 
 [18] 
 
PAR— PAR 
 
 PAROXYSM, s. Periodical action of a disease^ a fit, 
 G. paroxusmosi from /2ara, through, and oxuno^ to 
 sharpen. 
 PARRICIDE, s. The murder of a parent. L. pari' 
 
 cidium; from parens^ a parent, and ccedo^ to kill. 
 PARSE. V. To analyze a sentence, into the several parts 
 
 of speech. L. jiartio^ to divide. 
 PARSIMONY, s. Extreme frugality. L. parsimo7iia; 
 
 from parco^ to save, or reserve. 
 PARSON, s. A corruption of persona, person; be- 
 cause, in his person, (according to sir E. Coke,) the 
 church, which is an invisible body, is represented. 
 PART. s. A portion; member; share. See. L. /zars, a 
 
 part. 
 PARTAKE. V. To have a part of. Comp. o^pari, and 
 
 take. 
 PARTERRE, s. A selected piece of ground, separated 
 by a fence. F. parterre : parti, divided, and terre, 
 land. 
 PARTIAL. «f/;. Favouring one party; affecting only 
 
 one part. F. partial. — See PART. 
 PARTICIPATE. V. To partake; to share, h. parti- 
 
 cipo; from pars, a part, and capio, to take. 
 PARTICIPLE, s. A word which, besides its primary 
 quality of verb, partakes occasionally of the quality of 
 a substantive and adjective. L. participium. — See 
 PARTICIPATE. 
 PARTICLE, s. Any small portion of a greater sub- 
 stance; a (little) word unvaried by inflection. \u. par- 
 ticula, dim. of pars, a part. 
 PARTICULAR, adj. Single; distinct; not general; 
 uncommon, &c. L. particula, a small part. — See 
 PARTICLE. 
 PARTITION. 8. Division, lu. partitio: partitus, p. part. 
 
 o{ partio, to divide. 
 PARTITIVE, adj. In grammar, signifies distributive; 
 as each, or every. L. partio, to part or divide : pars, a 
 part. 
 PARTURITION, s. State of travail, or labour, h.par- 
 turio, to be in travail; imm partus, p. part, oipario, 
 to bring forth young. 
 PARTY, s. A nimiber of persons confederated in oppo- 
 
PAS— PAT 
 
 bition to others; a faction; one, of two or more liti- 
 gants; a select assembly, &c. Y, iiartie. — See PART. 
 
 PASCHAL, adj. Relating to the passover. G. pascha^ 
 a passing over. 
 
 PASSIM. In various places; here and there: a term 
 used by authors, when referring generally to the writ- 
 ings of another, without severally quoting the pages. 
 L. /lassini^ every where. 
 
 PASSIVE, adj. Unresisting; suffering; not active, but 
 being the object of action. L, /lassivus; from Jiatior, 
 to suffer. 
 
 PASTOR, s. A shepherd; a clergyman. L. pastor; 
 pasco^ to feed. 
 
 PASTURE, s. Grazing land. F. pasture; 'L.pastus; 
 from pascoj to feed. 
 
 PATENT, s. An exclusive privilege. F. patent: L. pa- 
 tio r, to allow. 
 
 PATERNAL, adj. Relating or pertaining to a father. 
 L. Jiaternus; from pater., a father. 
 
 PATER-NOSTER. «. The name of the Lord's Prayer, 
 by the Roman Catholic church; because, pater and 
 noster^ (our father,) are the first two words of that 
 prayer. L. pater^ a father, and noster, our. 
 
 PATHETIC, a^//. Affecting the finer passions. G. pa- 
 t/ietikos.—See PATHOS'. 
 
 PATHOLOGY, s, That part of medical science which 
 treats of the distempers incident to the human body, 
 w4th their differences, causes, and effects. Q. pathos., 
 a disease, and logos, a description. 
 
 PATHOS, s. Strong feeling; the feeling or expression 
 of some passion; energy. G. //a/Z/os, passion. 
 
 PATIENT, adj. Not easily provoked; calm under af- 
 
 ' fliction. h. patieiis; ^von\ patior, to suffer. 
 
 PATIENT, s. A person suffering pain, in consequence 
 of disease.-— See the adjective. 
 
 PATRIARCH, s. The father of a tribe. G. patriarchcs; 
 comp. of patria, a family, and archos, a chief 
 
 PATRICIAN, adj. Senatorial; noble; not plebeian. L. 
 Patricias; pater., a father. 
 
 PATRIMONY, s. An estate possessed by inheritance, 
 L. patrimonium; pater, a fatliCr. 
 
PAT— PED 
 
 PATRIOT, s. An active lover of his country, h./iatria^ 
 one's country, or native soil. 
 
 PATRON, s. One who countenances, supports, or pro- 
 tects; one who has the appointment to an ecclesiasti- 
 cal preferment. T . patron ; \u. jiatronus: jiater-^ a fa- 
 ther. 
 ; PATRONYMIC, s. A name expressing that of the 
 father or ancestor: as, Tydides, the son of Tydeus; 
 O'Neil, the son of Neil, Mac Gregor, the son of Grc- 
 gor. G. patronumikoH; {vo\\\ pater ^ a father, and ono- 
 ma^z. name. 
 
 PAUCITY. 6'. Smallness of number. \.. paucita^i ivovix 
 pauci^ few. 
 
 PAUPER, s. A poor person; one who receives alms. 
 L. pauper^ poor. 
 
 PAUSE, s. A stop; cessation. Y. pause: 1.. po&itus, ^i, 
 part, of po7io, to place, or lay, or set down. 
 
 PEASANT, s. One whose business is rural labour. F. 
 paysan: pays, a country. 
 
 PECCANT, adj. Criminal; corrupt; injurious to health. 
 E. jieccanti L. peccans, part, of pecco, to sin. 
 
 PECCAVI. s. "I have sinned." To make a person 
 " cry peccavi,*^ is, in cant language, to compel him to 
 acknowledge his tra.i&gression. L. from pecco, to sin. 
 
 PECTORAL, adj. Relating or pertaining to the breast. 
 L. pectoralis: pectus, the breast. 
 
 PECUNIARY. Gc(;. Relating to money. 'L.pecuniarius; 
 from fiecunia, money. Pliriy says, that the first Ro- 
 man coins, bearing an impression, were made by order of 
 Servius Tullus, and stamped with the resemblance of 
 sheep and oxen ; hence, pecunia is derived from pec us, 
 a flock of sheep, or other cattle. 
 
 PEDAGOGUE, s. Originally signified a teacher of 
 children, generally; but now it refers only to a pe- 
 dantic teacher. \^. pedagogus; G. paidagogos: Jiais, 
 a boy, or girl, and ago, to guide, 
 
 PEDAL, s. Something designed to be acted on by the 
 foot; as the pedal of an organ, harp, or piano- forte. L. 
 pedalis: pedis, gen. o^ pes, a foot. 
 
 PEDANT, s. Originally meant one who taught chil- 
 dre7i; but the term is now applied to a man vain of 
 lonv knowledge, or awkwardiv ostentatious of his lit- 
 
PED— PEN 
 
 t^iLilurc: [•'. iiedant: G. jiaidos^ gen. o{ Jiais^ a boy, 
 
 or g-irl. 
 PEDESTAL, s. The base of a statue or pillar. F. jiie- 
 
 destal; L. pedis^ gen. oi /les, a foot. 
 PEDESTRIAN, s. One who travels on foot. L. /ledes- 
 
 te?', performed on foot : /les, a foot. 
 PEDICLE, s. That by which the leaf or fruit is fixed 
 
 to the tree. L. Jiediculus; dim. oi Jies, a foot. 
 PEDLER. s. A pedestrian dealer, h. pedes, on foot. — 
 
 See PEDESTRIAN. 
 PEDOBAPTIST. s. One who adheres to the practice 
 
 of infant baptism. G. paidos, gen. oipais, a child, and 
 
 baptizo, to baptize. 
 PEDOMETER. 5. An instrument for showing how far 
 
 a person has walked; or for measuring roads. Li. fie- 
 
 dis, gen. of pes, a foot, and G. metreo, to measure. 
 PEER. s. An equal; a nobleman, (the several degrees 
 
 of peers having the same privileges.) Y.pair; h.par, 
 
 equal. 
 PELLICLE. *. A thin skin; a film. L. pellicula, dim. 
 
 o^pellis, a skin. 
 PELLUCID. «c/;. Transparent, h.pellucidusj fvomper, 
 
 through, and luceo, to shine. 
 PELTRY, s. Skins. L. pellis, a skin. 
 PEN. s. An instrument for writing. L. penna, a quill- 
 feather, or a pen. 
 PENAL, adj. Denouncing or enacting punishment ; 
 
 used for punishing. F. penal: \j. poana, punishment. 
 PENALTY, s. Punishment; fine.— See PENAL. 
 PENANCE, s. Punishment inflicted or suffered as an 
 
 expression of repentance. L. poena, punishment. 
 PEJWHAJVT. s. Inclination; desire. Y. ivom penc her, 
 
 to incline. 
 PENDANT, s. Something suspended; a small naval 
 
 flag. F. pendant; L. fiendeo, to hang. 
 PENDENT, adj. Hanging, lu. pendens, part, of /zeyzrf^o, 
 
 to hang. 
 PEjYDEA'TE lite. Whilst the suit or contest is 
 
 pending and undetermined L. from pendo, to weigh 
 
 or consider on, and lis, a dispute, or action at law. 
 PENDING, adj. Remaining undecided; during, h-pen- 
 
 do^ to weigh, or consider on. 
 [18*] 
 
PEN— PER 
 
 PENDULUM, s. Any v-eight suspended, so that it may 
 perform oscillations of equal time ; the vibrating 
 movement of a clock, 'h. jiendulus^ hanging down: 
 fiend eo^ to hang. 
 
 PENETRATE, x-. To pierce; to enter; to reach the 
 meaning. L. jienetro^ to penetrate. 
 
 PENINSULA. 5. A tract of land almost surrounded 
 by water. L. //<?«<?, almost, insula^ an island. 
 
 PENITENT, adj. Repentant. L. poenitens^ part, o^ pce- 
 niteo: from Jioe?: a ^ punishment, pain, remorse. 
 
 PENNATED. adj, Vvinged : — iiennateds in botanical 
 language, refers to those leaves which grow directly, 
 one against another, on the same rib or stalk. L. fien- 
 natus; penna^ a feather, or wing. 
 
 PENSION, s. Pecuniary allowance, given at regular 
 periods, as a reward of service, or through charity. 
 F. pension; L. pe7isiis^ p. part, of pendo^ to pay. 
 
 PENSIVE, adj. Sorrowfully thoughtful. F.pensif; from 
 penser^ to think, h. Jienso : pendo^ to weigh, or con- 
 sider on. 
 
 PENTAGON, s. A figure with five angles. G.pente, 
 five, and g-onia, a corner, or angle. 
 
 PENTAMETER, s. A Latin verse of five feet, h.penta- 
 inetrum; G. P'entc^ five, and wze/row, measure. 
 
 PENTANGULAR, c^y. Five cornered. G. /;e;2i?e, five, 
 and angular. 
 
 PENTATEUCH, s. The five books of Moses. G.pe7ite^ 
 five, and teuchos^ a volume. 
 
 PENTECOST, s. One of the Jewish feasts; Whitsun- 
 tide. G. peiitecosta^^ity \ because celebrated fxfty days 
 after the passover. 
 
 PENULTIMATE, adj. Last except one. L. penulti- 
 7nus; comp. of /2(?;z(?, almost, and ultimus^ the last. 
 
 PENUMBRA, s. An imperfect shadow. L. pene^ al- 
 most, and umbra, a shadow. 
 
 PENURIOUS, adj. Niggardly ; sordidly mean, lu.penu- 
 ria, scarcity. 
 
 PENURY, s. Poverty; indigence, h. penuria, want. 
 
 PERADVENTURE. adv. Perhaps. L. per, by, and 
 adventure; meaning, a chance. 
 
 PERAMBULATE, v. To walk through} to visit the 
 
PER— PER 
 
 boundaries. L. fierambulo: fier, through, and ambulo^ 
 
 to walk. 
 PER ANNUM. By the year; for every year. L. /^er, 
 
 by, and afinuryi, accus. oi annus ^ a year. 
 PERCEIVE. V. To know, through the medium of the 
 
 senses; to observe. Y. ujijiercevoir: \^. jiercijiio: Jicr^ ^ 
 
 through, and cafiio, to take. 
 PER CENT. By the hundred; for every hundred. L. 
 
 /Z(?r, by, and ceiitujn^ a hundred. 
 PERCEPTION, s. The faculty or act of perceiving. 
 
 L. Jiercelitio : iiercefitus^ p. part, oi Jiercifiio. — See 
 
 PERCEIVE. 
 PERCIPIENT, adj. Having the power of perception. 
 
 L. fiercijiiens.) part, o^ fiercifiio^ to perceive. 
 PERCOLATE, v. To strain, or filter, lu.percolo, to fil- 
 ter: /2f7', through, and colo^ (colare^) to strain. 
 PERCUSSION, s. The act of striking, or shaking vio- 
 lently. L. percussio; from fiercutio, to strike: per, 
 
 through, and quatio, to shake. 
 PER DIEM. By the day; for every day. 'L, per, by, 
 
 and diein^ accus. of dies, a day. 
 PERDITION, s. Destruction; eternal damnation. L. 
 
 perditio; from perdo, to lose. 
 PEREGRINATION. *. Travel, lu. per egr mat io; ivom 
 
 per, through, and ager, a field, or country. 
 PEREMPTORY, g^/;'. Absolute; dictatorial, l^.peremp- 
 
 toimis; from perinio, to take away wholly: that is, to 
 
 remove all excuse for nonperformance. 
 PERENNIAL, adj. Lasting through the whole year; 
 
 perpetual. L. jierennisi comp. of per, through, and 
 
 annus, a year. 
 PERFECT, adj. Complete; without blemish, lu. per- 
 
 fectus, p. part, of perficio, to finish; comp. oi per, 
 
 throughout, and /ac/o, to make. 
 PERFIDY. 5. Treachery, l^-perjidia; from //er, through, 
 
 and ^c?e5, trust. 
 PERFORATE, v. To pierce. L. perforo; from per, 
 
 through, and foro, to bore. 
 PERFORM. V. To finish; to execute; to do. L>. per, 
 
 throughout, and /ormo, to frame. 
 PERFUME, V, To impregnate ^yith sweet scent. F, 
 
PER— PER 
 
 Jiarfume; L. per^ throughout, and fumus.^ smoke, or 
 fume. 
 
 PERICARDIUM, s. A membrane which envelops the 
 heart. G. /ie7'i^ about, and ka^-dia, the heart. 
 
 PERICARPIUM. s. A membrane which envelops the 
 fruit or grain of a plant; or that part of the fruit 
 which encompasses the seed. G. pe}'iy about, karpos^ 
 fruit. 
 
 PERICRANIUM, s. A membrane which covers the 
 skull. G. fieri^ about, and kranion^ the skull. 
 
 PERIGEE. 5. A point in the heavens, where a planet 
 is in its nearest distance from the earth. G. fieri^ to- 
 wards, and ge^ the earth. 
 
 PERIHELIUM. s. That point of a planet's orbit, where- 
 in it is nearest to the sun. G. Jieri^ towards, and helios^ 
 the sun. 
 
 PERIOD, s. A round of time; a conclusion; a point of 
 time; a grammatical point (.). G. fieriodos; comp. of 
 peri,, through, or around, and odos,, a way. 
 
 PERIPATETIC, adj. Relating to the peripatetics; to 
 the philosophy of Aristotle and his followers, who 
 taught whilst walking. G. peri^ about, and pateo^ to 
 walk. 
 
 PERIPHERY. .?. Circumference. G.peri^ around, and 
 phero^ to carry. 
 
 PERIPIiRASIS. s. Circumlocution. G. periphrasis; 
 frova peri,) around, diud p/ira sis, a speech. 
 
 PERIPNEUMONIA, s. Inflammation of the lungs. 
 G. peri,, about, ^.nd pneu7uo>i, the lungs. 
 
 PERITONEUM, s. The soft, thin membrane, which 
 lies immediately under the muscles of the lower ab- 
 domen. G. peri,, about, and teino, to stretch out. 
 
 PERJURE. V. To swear falsely. L. perjuro; comp. of 
 per,, through, or under pretence, and ^'wro, to swear. 
 
 PERMANENT, cc//. Durable; lasting, h. peri7ianens, 
 part, ol peruianeo : per, through, and maneo, to re- 
 main. 
 
 PERMISSION, s. Leave; allowance. Y. permission: L. 
 pccrmissus, p. part, of permitto. — See PERMIT. 
 
 PERMIT. V. To allow, l^. permitto; from /2(?r, through, 
 and mitto, to send ; that is, to allow a passage, or en- 
 trance. 
 
PER— PER 
 
 PERNICIOUS, ac//. Highly injurious; destructive. L. 
 /lerniciosus; from //<"?', through, and 7zoceo, to hurt; 
 meaning, to injure largely. 
 
 PERORATION, adj. The conclusion of a formal 
 speech, h,. peroratio; from //<?/', throughout, and ore-, 
 to speak : meaning, to recapitulate. 
 
 PERPENDICULAR, adj. Hanging or being in a di- 
 rection towards the centre of gravity ; placed so as to 
 form right angles. L. jieriiendicularis ; Jier^ by, and 
 fiendeo^ lo hang from. 
 
 PERPETUAL, adj. Never ceasing. L. fierpctuusi 
 perjietuor^ to allow : from per^ throughout, and patioVy 
 to suffer, forbear, or endure unhurt. 
 
 PERPLEX. -V. To puzzle ; to entangle, l^.per^ through, 
 m\{l. plexus^ p. part, ofplecto, to twist. 
 
 PERQUISITE, s. Something gained by a place or of- 
 fice, besides the regular wages. h.Jiercjnisitus, p. part. 
 oi perquiro^ to make diligent; per^ through, and quce- 
 7'o, to seek. 
 
 PER SE, By itself; by himself, or herself; by them- 
 selves. L>. pei'j by, se, itself, himself, herself, or them- 
 selves. 
 
 PERSECUTE. V. To pursue with malignity; to tease. 
 1^. persecutus., part, oi persequor; irom per, through, 
 and sequor, to follow. 
 
 PERSEVERE, v. To persist. lA.persevero; perseverus, 
 very severe, rigorous : from per, through, and severus, 
 serious, exact. 
 
 PERSIST, -v. To persevere. L. persisto; from per, 
 through, and sisto, to continue. 
 
 PERSPECTIVE, s. View; the science by which ob- 
 jects are properly delineated. ¥ . perspectif; \u. per- 
 fifiectus, p. part, oi perspicio, to see plainly. 
 
 PERSPICACITY. 6^ Quickness of sight. I., perspicax, 
 quick-sighted; from //er, through, and 5//ec/o, to see. 
 
 PERSPICUITY, s. Clearness of discourse or writing. 
 L. persjiicuitas; from Jier, through, and specio, to see. 
 
 PERSPIRE. V. To pass through the pores of the skin. 
 L. from per, through, and spiro, to breathe, or exhale. 
 
 PERTAIN. V. To belong. L. pertineo; from per, by, 
 and teneo, to hold. 
 
PER— PHA 
 
 PERTINACIOUS, adj. Obstinate; resolute, h. perti- 
 nax; froni/2(??', by, and teneo, to hold. 
 
 PERTINENT. «f/;. Suiting the purpose. L./ierlinens. 
 —See PERTAIN. 
 
 PERTURB. V. To disquiet; to disturb; to disorder. L. 
 fierUirbo: fier^ through, and turbo^ to disorder: turba, 
 a crowd. 
 
 PERUSE, -v. To read. L. from fier^ through, and us^is^ 
 part, of utor^ to use or be conversant with. 
 
 PERVADE, -v. To extend throughout. L. pervado; 
 from /zer, through, and vado, to march, or move. 
 
 PERVERSE, adj. Perverted; stubborn. F. pervej-s.-— 
 See PERVERSION. 
 
 PERVERSION, s. The act of perverting. F. perver- 
 sion: Li. perversus, p. part, of /2^7-z^er^o. — See PER- 
 VERT. 
 
 PERVERT. V. To turn from the original or proper 
 design. L. perverto; from pcr^ across, and verto, to 
 turn. 
 
 PERVIOUS, adj. Admitting a passage. L. pervius; 
 from/2fr, through, and xna^ a way. 
 
 PEST. 5. Plague; something teasing. Y.peste: h.pes- 
 tis.f infection, mischief. 
 
 PESTIFEROUS, adj. Pestilential; destructive; infec- 
 tious. L. horn pestis, a pest, or infection, and yero, to 
 carry. 
 
 PETAL, s. The leaf of a flower. G. petalon, a leaf. 
 
 PETIT, or PETTY, adj. A petit jury consists of 
 twelve, and is of inferior rank to the grand jury. F. 
 petit, small. 
 
 PETITION. 6-. Request; prayer. L. petitio; from peto, 
 to ask. 
 
 PETIT-MAITRE. s. A coxcomb; a beau. Y. petit, lit- 
 tle, and maitre, a master. 
 
 PETRIFY, -u. To change to stone. L. petra, a rock, and 
 fio, to become. 
 
 PETTY, adj. Small; mean.— See PETIT. 
 
 PETULANT, ar/;. Insolent; saucy. \.. petulans; ivom. 
 peto, to dem.and. 
 
 PHANTASM. 8. Something appearing only in the 
 imagination. G. plumtasma; ivom phaino, to appear. 
 
PHA— PHL 
 
 PHANTASMAGORIA, s. An optical exhibition of 
 figures resembling the supposed form of spectres, &;c. 
 by means of a sort of magic lantern. G. /i/mntas?nay a 
 spectre, and agora^ an assembly. 
 
 PHANTOM, s. A spectre. Y . phantovie ; ivovix phaino^ 
 to appear. 
 
 PHARMACEUTIC, or PHARMACEUTICAL, adj. 
 Relating to pharmacy. G. pharmakeiitikos.—-—^tQ 
 PHARMACY. 
 
 PHARMACOPCEIA. s. A dispensatory; a book con- 
 taining rules for the composition of medicines. G, 
 fiharmakon^ medicine, and/io/^o, to make. 
 
 PHARMACY, s. The art of preparing medicines. G. 
 pharmakon^ a medicine. 
 
 PHASES, s. Appearances exhibited by any body; as 
 the changes of the moon. G. phasis^ an appearance. 
 
 PHENOMENON, s. Appearance; extraordinary ap- 
 pearance. G. phainomenon; from phalnomai^ to ap- 
 pear. 
 
 PHILANTHROPY. 5. Love of mankind. G.phileo,\,o 
 love, and anthropos^ a man. 
 
 PHILIPPIC. «. An invective declamation: — from the 
 speeches of Demosthenes against Philip^ king of Ma- 
 cedon. 
 
 PHILOLOGY, s. Grammatical learning; criticism. G. 
 phileo^ to love, and logos^ a word, — meaning, /aw- 
 guage. 
 
 PHILOMEL. 8. A nightingale. G. Philomela, a Gre- 
 cian female, who is fabulously related to have been 
 changed into a bird. 
 
 PHILOSOPHY, s. Knowledge, natural or moral ; study 
 of nature, Sec. L. philosophia: G. phileo, to love, so- 
 phia, wisdom. 
 
 PHILTER, s. Something to excite love. G. philtron; 
 from phileo, to love. 
 
 PHLEBOTOMY, s. The science or practice of bleed- 
 ing. G. phlebotomia; phlebosy gen. of phleps, a vein, 
 and temno, to cut. 
 
 PHLEGM, s. Watery humour of the body, which is 
 supposed to produce sluggishness. G. phlegma, in- 
 flammation. 
 
PHL— PIL 
 
 PHLEGMATIC, adj. Abounding in phlegm ; generating 
 phlegm; dull. G. JiJilegjnatikos. — See PHLEGM. 
 
 PHLOGISTON, s. An exploded chemical name for an 
 imaginary substance, thought to be a constituent 
 part of all inflammable bodies. G. Jihlogizo^ to burn. 
 
 PHOSPHORUS, s. A chemical substance, which ig- 
 nites when exposed to the air. G. phos, light, and 
 phero^ to bring. 
 
 PHRASE, s. An expression; a mode of speech. G. 
 phrasis^ a saying, an idiom. 
 
 PHRASEOLOGY, s. Style; diction. G. /2/zr«*/5, man- 
 ner of speaking, and log-oa, a Avord. 
 
 PHRENETIC, adj. G.— -See FRENETIC. 
 
 PHRENSY. s. G.— See FRENZY. 
 
 PHTHISICAL, adj. Consumptive.— See PHTHISIS. 
 
 PHTHISIS, s. A consumption. G. phthisis; {rom phthio. 
 to waste. 
 
 PHYLACTERY, s. A bandage worn by the Jews, on 
 which was inscribed some remarkable sentence, as a 
 charm. G. phulakterion; phulake, a guardian. 
 
 PHYSIC, s. The science of healing; medicine. G.phu- 
 sike, natural philosophy: phusis, nature. 
 
 PHYSICAL. og(/. Relating to nature or to physic; re- 
 lating to natural power See PHYSIC. 
 
 PHYSICS, s. The study of nature.— See PHYSIC. 
 
 PHYSIOGNOMY, s. The fallacious science of disco- 
 vering the passions in the features of the face. G. 
 phnsiogno7nonia; from phusisj nature, and ginosko^ to 
 know. 
 
 PHYSIOLOGY, s. The doctrine of the constitution of 
 the works of nature. G. phusis^ nature, and logos ^ a 
 description. 
 
 PICTURE, s. A delineated resemblance. L. pictura; 
 from pictus, p. part. o{ pingo^ to paint, or describe. 
 
 PIGMENT, s. Paint. L. pigmentum ; from pingo, to 
 paint. 
 
 PIGMY, s. A diminutive person. Derived from a na- 
 tion of dwarfs, recorded by the ancients. 1^. pygmaus; 
 G. pugmaios; from pugmS^ a measure of lengih from, 
 the fist to the elbow. 
 
 PILOSITY. s. Hairiness, h. pilosus^ hairy : /n/z^s, hair. 
 
PIQ—PLA 
 
 PIQUANT, adj. Sharp or pungent; severe. F.fiiguant, 
 
 part, oi fiiquer, to pierce. • 
 
 PIQUE.' s. Ill will; offence taken. Y . fiique: jiiquer^ to 
 
 pierce. 
 PIRATE, s. A sea-robber. \^, fur at a; G.ficirates; from 
 
 pcirazo, to try, or to seize. 
 PISCES, s. A sign of the zodiac, h./iisces^ -p]. o^ /liscis, 
 
 a iish. 
 PISCIVOROUS. cr(/'. Living on fish. L.. /liscis, a fish, 
 
 and voro, to devour. 
 PITTANCE, s. A small portion. Y.fiitance^ an allow- 
 ance for one meal in a monastery. 
 PIVOT, s. A pin on which any thing turns. Y. filvot^ a 
 
 hinge or axis. 
 PLACARD, s. An advertisement placed against a wall, 
 
 Sec. F. filacard; from filacer,, to place. 
 PLACID, adj. Gentle; kind. L.. filacidus; from fiiaceo, 
 
 to please. 
 PLAGIARY, s. A thief in literature; one who steals 
 
 the thoughts or writings of another. \^. filugiarius; G. 
 
 filagiarios; from filagios, oblique, sly. 
 PLANET, s. One of the heavenly bodies which move 
 
 around the sun. L. filaneta; G. filanao^ to wander. 
 PLANIMETRY. 5. Mensuration of plane surfaces. L. 
 
 filaiius., a plane, and G. metreo^ to measure. 
 PLANISPHERE, s. A map of one or both hemi- 
 spheres, drawn on a flat surface. L. filanus^ level, and 
 
 sfihaira., a sphere. 
 PLANOCONVEX, adj. Flat on one side, and round on 
 
 the other. L. filanus^ level, and convexus^ crooked, 
 
 or arched. 
 PLASTER, s. An adhesive composition. F. filastre; G. 
 
 filasso., to form. 
 PLASTIC, adj. Having th'e power to give form. G.filas- 
 
 tikos; from filasso.^ to form. 
 PLATONIC, adj. Platonic love is purely mental; not 
 
 sensual. Plato., the Athenian philosopher. 
 PLAUDIT. «. Loud applause. L. filaudo.) to make a 
 
 noise by clapping. 
 PLAUSIBLE, adj. Such as gains approbation; right 
 
 in appearance; specious. L. filausibilis.^-^'SQ.Q PLAU- 
 DIT. 
 
 [19] 
 
PLE— PLU 
 
 PLEBEIAN, adj. Relating or belonging* to the common 
 people; vulgar. L. /i/f6e«, the common people. 
 
 PLEIADES, s. A northern constellation. G. Pleiades; 
 a name given to seven daughters of Atlas, who are 
 fabulously related to have been placed in the heavens 
 after death. 
 
 PLENARY. Gf//. Full; without any exception. L. /2/f- 
 nus., full. 
 
 PLENIPOTENTIARY, s. A negotiator invested with 
 full power to conclude a treaty. F.plenipotentiarei L. 
 plenus^ full, and potentia.^ power. 
 
 PLENITUDE, s. Fulness; completeness. Y . Jilenitudr; 
 L. plenitudo: filenus.^ full. 
 
 PLENTY. -9. Sufficiency. Y.. plenum, iy\\\. 
 
 PLEONASM. 8. The using of more words than are ne- 
 cessary. Y,. jileonaar.rus; G. ///(fonazo, to abound. 
 
 PLETHORA, s. Injmuous abundance of the humours 
 in the human vessels. G.Jilethora; hGui/ilet/ios^ abun- 
 dance. 
 
 PLEURISY, s. An inflammatory disorder near the 
 breast. G. jileura^ a membrane which girds or sur- 
 rounds the ribs. 
 
 PLIABLE, adj. Flexible. F. pliable ; from plier^ to 
 bend. 
 
 PLIERS, s. An instrument used for bending wire, See. 
 F. plier.) to bend. 
 
 PLINTH, s. A flat, square member, which serves as a 
 foundation to the base of a pillar; a square projection 
 at the bottom of a wall. G. plinthos.^ a tile. 
 
 PLUMAGE, s. Feathers.— See PLUME. 
 
 PLUMB, s. A plummet; a leaden weight suspended to 
 a cord, in order to mark a line perpendicular to the 
 horizon. — adj. Perpendicular to the horizon. \^. plum- 
 bum., lead. 
 
 PLUME. .9. A feather; a bunch of feathers, lu. pliima. 
 a feather. 
 
 PLUME. V. To adorn with plumes; to feel pride. — See 
 the substantive. When it is said that a man plumes 
 himself, it is figuratively denoting that he dresses 
 himself in gaudy feathers, as a reward of his assimied 
 merit. 
 
PLU— POL 
 
 PLUMIGEROUS. ar//". Feathered. "L. ^iluma^ a feather, 
 
 and gcro^ to carry. 
 PLUMMET, s. A leaden weight suspended to a 
 
 cord, to ascertain depth and perpendicularity. — See 
 
 PLUMB. 
 PLUPERFECT, adj. The name of a grammatical tense, 
 
 marked by the auxiliary had. L. plus^ more, and per- 
 fect. 
 PLURAL, adj. Implying more than one. 1^. pluralis; 
 
 from filuris., gen. of filus^ more. 
 PLURALITY, s. A number more than one; majority. 
 
 —See PLURAL. 
 PLUS. More; opposed to minus. L. 
 PNEUMATICS, s. The science of the density and 
 
 pressure of the atmosphere. G. iineuma^ wind. 
 POACHER, s. One who steals game. F. fioche^ a pocket 
 
 or bag. 
 POEM. s. The work of a poet; a metrical composition. 
 
 1^. poema; G. /loieina. — See POET. 
 POET. s. An author of fiction, generally in measured 
 
 verses or rhyme. L. fioeta; G. fioieo^ to do, or invent. 
 POIGNANT, adj. Sharp; painful. Y.iioignant; l^.fiun- 
 
 go^ to prick. 
 POINT, s. The sharp end; moment; grammatical stop; 
 
 degree, kc. V. point; \^. jiunctus ov fiunctum^ from 
 
 jiungo^ to prick. 
 POLEMICAL, adj. Controversial. Q. polemlkos-^ from 
 
 polemos., war. 
 POLICE, s. The regulation or government of a city or 
 
 country, so far as respects the inhabitants; a guard 
 
 under the orders of the police government. F. jioiice: 
 
 G. polis^ a city. 
 POLICY, s. The art of government; prudence; man- 
 agement of affairs; stratagem. — See POLICE. 
 POLISH. V. To make smooth and bright; to make ele- 
 gant in manners. L. polio^ to make smooth. 
 POLITE, adj. Elegant in manners; refined. L. poliius, 
 
 p. part, o^ polio.— See POLISH. 
 POLITICAL, a c(/. Relating to national affairs. G. po- 
 
 litikos; polis, a city or state. 
 POLLUTE. V. To defile; to corrupt, h. polluo^ to in- 
 
POL-^POR 
 
 feet; from G. iiolu^ much, and L. liies^ pestilence or 
 
 blight. 
 POLYGAMY, s. Plurality of wives. G. Jiolugainia; from 
 
 poliis^ many, and gameo., to marry. 
 POLYGLOT, s, A book which has many languages. 
 
 G. poluglottos ; from polus, many, and glotta^ a 
 
 tongue. 
 POLYGON, s, A figure of many angles. G. polus^ 
 
 many, and gonia, a corner, or angle. 
 POLYGRAM, s. A figure consisting of many lines. G. 
 
 fiolus, many, and granune^ a line. 
 POLYPUS, s. Signifies, in general, any thing with many 
 
 roots, or feet. It is used to denote also a particular ex- 
 crescence of the nose. G. polujious; polus^ many, and 
 
 /lozis, a foot. 
 POLYSYLLABLE, s. A word containing more than 
 
 three syllables. G. poius, many, and syllable. 
 POLYTECNIC. adj. A polytecnic school is an insti- 
 tution where many sciences are taught. G. pohcs, 
 
 many, and tec/me, an art or science. 
 POLYTHEIST. s. One who believes in a plurality of 
 
 gods. G. poliis^ many, and theos, a god. 
 POMP. s. Splendour; pride, l^.^ompa; G.pompc; from 
 
 pemfio^ to send forth. 
 PONL-ER. X'. To consider. \a. jiondero.^ to weigh. 
 PONDEROUS, cc//'. Heavy. L,. ponderosus: pondus, 2i 
 
 load. 
 PONTON, s. A military bridge. Y. ponton; L. pons, a 
 
 bridge. 
 POPULACE, s. The common people. F. populace; L. 
 
 populus, the people. 
 POPULAR, adj. Suitable to the common people; be- 
 loved by the people. 1^. popularis; from pop u his, the 
 
 people. 
 POPULOUS, adj. Thickly inhabited. L, populosus; from 
 
 po/iulus, a people. 
 PORCELAIN. .s-.Fine earthen-ware. Y.porcelaine; from 
 
 the Portuguese, /zorce/Za^z^z, a cup. 
 PORE. s. Spiracle of the skin; passage of perspiration ; 
 
 any narrow spiracle or hole. G. poros, a passage. 
 PORE. V. To inspect with minute attention. l3erived 
 
POR— POS 
 
 ii'oni the noun; meaning, to look into the smallest 
 
 cavity^ or examine for the least defect, kc. 
 PORT. s. A harbour for ships; L. /wrtus: an aperture 
 
 for cannon; fioi'ta, a gate: from porto^ to carry: — 
 
 merchandise is carried to and from a harbour, and 
 
 through a gate: — a port-hole is a small gate. 
 PORTABLE, adj. That may be easily carried. L. /wr- 
 
 tad ills; from /zor^o, to carry. 
 PORTAGE, s. Price of carriage; land-road, between 
 
 two navigable waters. F. portage; L. jiorto., to carry. 
 PORTCULLIS, s. A gate, in a fortified place, sus- 
 pended in a groove. Y .portcoiUisfie: jiort^ a gate, and 
 
 coulisse^ a groove: coiiler^ to glide. 
 PORTEND. V. To give notice by souie appearance. 
 
 "L. porteiido; horn /lorto, to carry: that is, to carry a 
 
 sign. 
 PORTER, s. A common carrier; L. fioi^to, to carry: a 
 
 gate-keeper; porta, a gate. — See PORT. 
 PORTFOLIO. 8. A case for large papers. L. porto, to 
 
 carry, and./o//Mm, a leaf. — See FOLKX 
 PORTION, s. A part; a share. F. portion; L,. portio, a 
 
 part. 
 PORTLY, adj. Stately. L. porta, to carry; meaning to 
 
 carry or hold the person erectly. 
 PORTMANTEAU, s. A bag for carrying clothes. F. 
 
 portmanteau; ivora porter, to carry, and manteau, a 
 
 cloak. 
 PORTRAIT, .s. A picture, generally of a human being, 
 
 F. portrait.— '^Q^ PORTRAY, 
 PORTRAY. V. To describe by picture, F. portraire: 
 
 pour, for, and L. traho, to draw. 
 POSITION. .9. Situation; posture; principle laid down. 
 
 lu. poaitio; from, positus, p. part, of pono, to place. 
 POSITIVE, erf;. Absolutely fixed ; dogmatical. L. po- 
 
 sitivus; from pono. — See POSITION. 
 POSSE', s. An attendant crowd; a vulgar abbreviation 
 
 of posse comitatus. 
 POSSE COMITATUS. The power of the inhabitants 
 
 of a county; which the sheriff is authorized to call 
 
 forth, when opposition is made to the execution of 
 
 justice. 'L. posse, (infin. of possu?n,) to have the power, 
 
 comiiatus, of the county. 
 [19*] 
 
POS— .POS 
 
 POSSESSION, s. The state of having in one's own 
 
 hands or power; property. L. possessio; from posse, 
 
 (infin. oi possum^) to have power. 
 POSSIBLE, adj. Practicable, h. possibilisj h'om posse, 
 
 to be able, to have power. 
 POST. s. Station; employment; office; a hasty mes- 
 senger, who has the advantage of horses, placed at 
 
 convenient stations; quick manner of traveling; (a 
 
 piece of timber, £<;c. set upright; L. postis.) F.poste: 
 
 L. positus, p. part, ^i pono, to place. 
 POSTDATE, -o. To date after the real time. 1^. post, 
 
 after, and date. 
 POSTDILUVIAN, adj. After the Flood. L. post, after, 
 
 and diluvium, a deluge. 
 POSTERIOR. «c/;. Subsequent; hinder. \j. posterior; 
 
 from post, after. 
 POSTERITY, s. Succeeding generations. L. posteri- 
 
 tas; from post, after, and hcdres, a possessor. 
 POSTERN, s. A back-gate; a little private gate or door. 
 
 L. post, behind. 
 POST FACTO. After the deed. L. post, after, and 
 
 facto, abl. o^ factum, a deed. 
 POSTHUMOUS, adj. After death. l..posthumus ;irom 
 post, after, and humo, to bury: humo is from humus, 
 
 earth. 
 POSTILLION. 8. One who guides the leading horses of 
 
 a post-chaise; one who guides a post-chaise. Y.post- 
 
 ilio7i.—See POST. 
 POSTMERIDIAN, adj. After noon. L. post, after, and 
 
 meridian. 
 POST MORTEM. After death, h. post, after, mor- 
 
 tem, accus. of mors, death. 
 POST OBIT. A post-obit bond is that which promises 
 
 payment of money after the death of a certain person; 
 
 generally by his heir, h.post, after, obit, he dies: from 
 
 obeo. 
 POSTPONE. V. To adjourn; to delay. L,. postpono; 
 
 comp. of post, after, and //o?/o, to place. 
 POSTSCRIPT, s. A paragraph added to the end of a 
 letter. L. post, after, and scriptus, p. part, of scribo, 
 to write. 
 
POS— PRE 
 
 POSTULATE, s. A position supposed or assumed 
 without proof, h. Jiostulatus, part, of /lostulo, to will, 
 or demand. 
 
 POSTURE, s. State; position. Y.^iostzire; h./iosUiira. 
 —See POSITION. 
 
 POTABLE, adj. Such as may be drank. 1^. fiotabiiis; 
 from fioto^ to drink. 
 
 POTATION, s. Draught; species of drhik. 1^. /lotatio: 
 /loto^ to drink. 
 
 POTENT, adj. Having power; strong; efficacious. L. 
 ^lotcns^ part, oi possum^ to be able. 
 
 POTENTATE, s. A sovereign. ¥. Jiotentat.-^See PO- 
 TENT. 
 
 POTENTIAL, adj. The potential mood denotes the 
 power or possibility of acting. L. /lotentialis. — See 
 POTENT. 
 
 POVERTY, s. Indigence; meagerness. F. /lauvrete; 
 L. fiau/ier^ poor. 
 
 PRACTICAL, adj. Relating to action; not theoretical. 
 —See PRACTICE. 
 
 PRACTICE, s. Use; custom; habit; performance; me- 
 dical treatment ; professional- employment, h. /iracti- 
 ctis, practical: G. /iraktikr; prasso.. to act. 
 
 PRAGMATIC, adj. Meddling; inirusive. F. t^rag- 
 matique; G. firagma., business. 
 
 PREAMBLE, s. Preface. F. prcainbule; L. /irtf, be- 
 fore, and amhulo., to walk. 
 
 PREBENDARY. 8. A stipendiary of a cathedral. L, 
 firebendarhis; from finebeo., to allow. 
 
 PRECARIOUS, adj. Dependent; uncertain, because 
 depending on the will of another. L. firecariia,: from 
 precor., to supplicate. 
 
 PRECAUTION, s. Preventive measure. L, pns^ be- 
 fore, and caution. 
 
 PRECEDE. V. To go before. L. prxcedo; comp. of 
 /z7\«, before, and cedo^ to quit or depart. 
 
 PRECEDENT, s. A rule or example to future times. 
 L. firizcedens., part, of prcecedo.'-—^ee, PRECEDE. 
 
 PRECENTOR, s. Leader of a choir, h. pracentor; from, 
 pnecinor^ to sing before; comp. oi Jirce, before, and 
 canoy to sing. 
 
PRE— PRE 
 
 PRECEPT. 8. Rule; commaiidinent. L. /iracefiium, 
 
 from /zrt?, before, and ca/iio^ to tuke or desigTi. 
 PRECEPTOR, s.'a teach-r. L.prccccptor.—l^tG PRE- 
 CEPT. 
 PRECESSION, s. The act of preceding. Y. firecession: 
 
 L. prcEcessus^ part, oi pracedo. — See PRECEDE. 
 PRECINCT, s. Boundary; suburb, l^. prcecinctus; from 
 
 prtecingo^ to enclose. 
 PRECP.^US. adj. Valuable. L. pretiosusi from pre ti- 
 
 um, a price. 
 PRECIPICE, s. A perpendicular declivity. 'L. pracipi- 
 
 tiinn.—See PRECIPITATE. 
 PRECIPITATE. V. To throw head-foremost; to fall 
 
 head -foremost; to hurry forward. L. pracipHoj pi'<e, 
 
 before, and caput, the head. 
 PRECISE, adj. Exact; formal. 'L. pracisus^ p. part, of 
 
 prc£cido.f to pare oflP. 
 PRECLUDE. V. To prevent. L. pracludoj from prcSy 
 
 before, and claudo, to shut. 
 PRECOCITY. .^. Early maturity. L. pracox; from 
 
 prcc^ before, and coquo^ to boil, or ripen. 
 PRECOGNITION, s. Previous knowledge. L./^r^e, be- 
 fore, and cognition. 
 PRECONCEIVE ~v. To conceive previously. L. /?r^, 
 
 before, and conceive. 
 PRECITRSOR. s. Forerunner. \^.pr<zcursor; from/2r(^, 
 
 before, and curro., to run. 
 PREDAL. 0^7. Plundering, lu. prceda, plunder. 
 PREDATORY, cf/;. Plundering; ravenous, l^. prada- 
 
 torius; from prceda.^ plunder. 
 PREDECESSOR, s. One that preceded another. F. 
 
 predecesseur; L. prcz, before, and decessus^ part, of 
 decedo^ to depart. 
 PREDESTINATE, t^. To appoint beforehand. 'L.pr<s, 
 
 before, and destino, to design. 
 PREDETERMINE, v. To determine previously. L. 
 
 pvcd^ before, and determine. 
 PREDIAL, adj. Consisting of farms. L. pr<sdm?n, a farm. 
 PREDICATE. V. To affirm. L.predico; horn pra, be- 
 fore, and dico, to say. 
 PREDICT. V. To foretel. h. prcediciii?n, sup. of pn^- 
 dicoj from pra^ before, and dicOf to say. 
 
PRE—PRE 
 
 PREDOMINANT, adj. Having the ascendancy; pre- 
 valent. F. predominant; L. prx^ before, and domi- 
 nant. 
 
 PRE-EMINENT, adj. Supremely eminent. L. prs^ 
 before, and eminent. 
 
 PRE-EMPTION, s. The rii^-ht of purchasing before 
 another. \^. firce^ before, and einjitio^ a purchasing: 
 ein/itus^ p. part, of e;«o, to purchase. 
 
 PRE-EXIST. V. To exist previously. L. Jine^ before, 
 and exist. 
 
 PREFACE, s. Introductory discourse. \^, jinsfatio; from 
 iir(R^ before, andyh^//s, spoken. 
 
 PREFATORY, ar//. Introductory. L.~-See PREFACE. 
 
 PREFECT. X'. A governor; a commander. L,. prafec- 
 tus; from pr(e/icio^ to put in authority: pr(Sj before, 
 and/(2cio, to make. 
 
 PREFER, -v. To regard more than another; to advance. 
 L. prcsfero; from /zric, before, and fero^ to bring or 
 carry. 
 
 PREFIX. V. To place before. L. from /z?'^?, before, 
 and fix. 
 
 PREGNANT, adj. With young; teeming; full. Y . preg- 
 nant; 'L. pragnans: pra^ before, and gigno^ to engen- 
 der, or bring forth. 
 
 PREJUDGE. V. To judge previously, without waiting 
 for proper evidence. L. pra^ before, and judge. 
 
 PREJUDICE. *. Judgment formed without examina- 
 tion ; (injury : but this sense is improper;) l^.prce judici- 
 um; from /zr^, before, and judlciu?n, judgment. 
 
 PRELATE, s. An ecclesiastic of the highest order. L. 
 praelatus; from pT(Z^ before, and latiis^ part, of feror, 
 to be borne. 
 
 PRELIMINARY, adj. Introductory. L. prce, before, 
 and limen^ a threshold or entrance. 
 
 PRELUDE, s. Introductory entertainment; precursor. 
 L. firizludium; from jircs^ before, and /z/c/o, to play. 
 
 PREMATURE. «r//. Unfinished; immature. \^. prccma- 
 turns; from pree^ before, and maturus. ripe. 
 
 PREMEDITATE, -u. To think upon previously; to 
 design. L. /?/'<?, before, and meditate. 
 
 PREMIER, s. \ chief; a prime minister. F. pre?nic'r; 
 L. primus^ first. 
 
PRE— PRE 
 
 PREMISE. V. To make a previous explanation, or pro- 
 position. L. /irx^ before, and missum, sup. of mitto^ to 
 send. 
 
 PREMISES. .9. Propositions antecedently supposed or 
 proved; also, by a perversion of language, house, or 
 lands.— See PREMISE. 
 
 PREMIUM, s. Something given to invite a loan or bar- 
 gain; a reward, h. fircsnrium. — See PROEM. 
 
 PRE-OCCUPY. 7>. To occupy previously. L. /z?-^, be- 
 fore, and occupy. 
 
 PREPARE. V. To make ready. L. prxjiaro; from Jircs^ 
 before, and fiaro^ to shape. 
 
 PREPENSE. «^^'. Preconceived; contrived before-hand ; 
 as malice p,refiense. L. firefiensiis; fira^ before, and 
 fiensus^ p. part, oi pendo^ to weigh or deliberate on. 
 
 PREPONDERATE, -v. To outweigh; to overpower by 
 superior influence. L. firapondero: prcd^ before, and 
 ponder 0^ to weigh. 
 
 PREPOSITION, s. In grammar, an indeclinable word 
 governing a case. L. fircEpositib; from jircs^ before, 
 and positus^ p. part, oipono, to place. 
 
 PREPOSSESS. V. To impress an opinion before due 
 examination; to prejudice. L. prte, before, and pos- 
 sess. 
 
 PREPOSTEROUS, adj. Having that first, which ought 
 to be last; perverted; absurd, l^. prccposterus; prx^ 
 before, and posterns^ the following: post^ afier. 
 
 PREROGATIVE, s. Peculiar privilege, L. prczrcga- 
 tiva; from pra^ before, and rogOn, to demand or pro- 
 pose: — alluding to a privilege enjoyed by some per- 
 sons in Rome, of giving their votes the first. 
 
 PRPLSAGE. 6'. Prognostic. L,. pirasagm??is from /?r^, be- 
 fore, and aagajc^f cunning. 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN, s. An advocate for the government 
 of the church by presbyteries, composed of elders. G. 
 presbuteros^ an elder. 
 
 PRESCIIlNCE. 5. Foreknowledge. L. /2r<r.<?c?>;?5, part 
 of jircescio; from firce^ before, and *c?o, to know. 
 
 PRESCRIBE. V. To order. L. pnzscribo; from prx^ 
 before, and .scribo^ to write, or appoint. 
 
 PRESCRIPTION, s. Custom which has become law; 
 medical receipt. \.. pnescripilo. — See PRESCRIBE, 
 
PRE—PRE 
 
 PRES'ENT. adj. Not absent; not past, nor future. F. 
 JirBCficJit; L. firpesens^ part, oi prsesum: conip. o{ /irx^ 
 before, (meaning- in presence of,) and su?n, 1 am. 
 
 PRESENT'. V. To place in the presence of; to exhibit 
 to view or notice; to oftcr as a gift. — See the ad- 
 jective. 
 
 PRES'ENT. s. A gift; pi. presents^ things written, and 
 presented or offered in the mannei'^f evidence, — as in 
 "a lease, 8cc. — See the verb. 
 
 PRESIDE. V. To sit as president. L.. pi'dssideo; from 
 /2rtF, before, and sedeo^ to sit. 
 
 PRESIDENT. 5. One who presides or occupies the 
 hiehest place. 1^. praesidens., part, oi preesideo. — Sec 
 PRESIDE. 
 
 PRESUIVIE. v. To assume before permission, or proof. 
 L. preesumo: from prse^ before, and su7no^ to take. 
 
 PRESU2V1PTION. .9. Assumption without permission. 
 L. prctsumptus^ p. part, of pvcesuino. — See PRE- 
 SUME. 
 
 PRETEND, -v. To make a false representation, l^.prse- 
 . tendo; from /2ra?, before, and tendo^ to stretch forth 
 [something as a deception.] 
 
 PRETERIMPERFECT. adj. An irrational term, ap- 
 plied, by some grammarians, to one of the past tenses. 
 L. praeter^ beside, and imperfect. 
 
 PRETERIT, adj. Past. L. preeteritus^ p. part, oi pree- 
 tereo; ivoiw prxter^ beside, and eo, to go. 
 
 PRETERNATURAL, adj. Not natural; miraculous. 
 L. pvd^ter^ more than, and natural. 
 
 PRETERPERFECT. adj. An irrational term, applied, 
 by some grammarians, to one of the past tenses, l^.pree- 
 ter^ beside, and perfect. 
 
 PRETERPLUPERFECT. adj. An irrational term, ap- 
 plied, by some grammarians, to one of the past tenses. 
 L. prspter^ beside, and pluperfect. 
 
 PRETEXT, s. Pretence. L. prdetextus., p. part, of 
 praitexO) to cloak or cover : pree, before, and tectus^ 
 p. part, of tego^ to cover. 
 
 PREVAIL. V. To overcome ; (with o/z, over^ or a^^amstt^) 
 to predominate; to have influence, lu.prsevaleo; from 
 pree^ before, aiid valeo^ to be strong. 
 
PRE— PRI 
 
 PREVALENT, adj. Predominant; common, h. Jiree- 
 ■valens^ part. o\ p.rEevaleo. — See PREVAIL. 
 
 PREVARICATE, -v. To vary in giving evidence. L. 
 prevaricor; from //ra?, concerning, and lycrzo, to vary. 
 
 PREVENT. V. To obstruct. L. prdeventum^ sup. of 
 prsevenio: pra^ before, and venio, to come. 
 
 PREVIOUS, adj. Antecedent. L. firavius; .jirx.^ be- 
 fore, and uia^ al'oad; that is, being before another in 
 proceeding. 
 
 PRIMA-FACIE. On the first view; without referring 
 to any thing subsequently. L. prima^ on the first, yi/cie, 
 face, or figure: firimus.) Tind^ fades. 
 
 PRIMATE, s. The chief bishop. L. primatus^ the chief 
 place; horn primus^ first. 
 
 PRIME. «<:/;. The first ; the best. L. /2ri7«z^.5, first. 
 
 PRIME. V. To put powder in the pan of a gun; to lay 
 on the first pahit.— See the verb. 
 
 PRIMER, s. A child's school-book. L. primus., first. 
 
 PRIMEVAL, adj. Such as was at first. L. primcZDus; 
 > from primus^ first, and cdvum^ an age. 
 
 PRIMITIVE, adj. Original; ancient; uncompoundcd. 
 L. primitivus: primus^ first. 
 
 PRIMOGENITURE, s. Seniority. V . primogeniture; 
 L. primus^ first, and ^<??2z7w.s, begotten. 
 
 PRIMORDIAL, adj. Original. L.^primordiian, the be- 
 ginning; from //r 2771 ?i6-, -first, and ordo, a rule. 
 
 PRIMROSE, s. An early flower. L,. pri?r/us, first, and 
 rose, 
 
 PRIMUM MOBILE'. That which gives motion to 
 all the other parts. h.primu7n,thc first, mobile^ moved : 
 primus and mobilis. 
 
 PRINCE. 8. A sovereign; son of a king. Y. prince; L. 
 princeps., first, chief. 
 
 PRINCIPAL, af//. Chief ; essential; important. V. prin- 
 cipal; L. principalis.— Sc(i PRINCIPLE. 
 
 PBmCIPIA, .N-QJSr HOMIJyES. Principles, not men ; 
 the motto chosen by Mr. Monroe, when elected presi- 
 dent of the United States. 
 
 PRINCIPLE, s. Element; constituent part;' rule; mo- 
 ral guide. F. principe: 1^. principiujn: principis^ gen. 
 oi princeps., first, oriinnal. 
 
 PRIOR, adj. Former; anterior, h. prior^ the former. 
 
PRl— PRO 
 
 PRIORITY. 5. Precedence, in time or place. — Sec 
 PRIOR. 
 
 PRISON, s. A jail. V. prison; pris^ part, oi prendre^ 
 to seize. 
 
 PRISTINE, adj. Ancient; former. L. pristinus^ an- 
 cient. 
 
 PRIVATE, adj. Retired; secret; individual. 'L. jiriva- 
 tus, p. part, of pj'ivo, to take away. 
 
 PRIVATION, s. Removal of something desired, h.pri- 
 vatio; from privo^ to take away. 
 
 PRIVILEGE. .9. Peculiar advantage ; something of 
 which others are deprived; private right. Y. privilege; 
 L. privilegium; prions^ particular, and legis^ gen. of 
 lex, a law.— See PRIVATE. 
 
 PRIVITY, s. Private communication; private concur- 
 rence. F. privaute.>—^eQ PRIVY. 
 
 PRIVY, adj. Private; secret; admitted to secrets of 
 state, (as the privy council;) F. Jirive. — See PRI- 
 VATE. 
 
 PRO AND CON. A vulgar abbreviation oi pro and 
 contra, for and against. 
 
 PROBABLE, ttc/;. Apparently true. L.. probabilis; from 
 probo, to prove or allow. 
 
 PROBATE. 5, Proof of a will. 'L. probatus; ivomprobo, 
 to prove, or allow. 
 
 PROBATIONER, s. One who is upon trial; a novice. 
 L. probat.io, a trial ; from probo, to prove. 
 
 PROBE, u. To examine a deep wound with an instru- 
 ment. L. probo, to try, 
 
 PROBITY, s. Honesty; veracity. L. probitas; from 
 probatus, (p. part. o{ probo,) proved. 
 
 PROBLEM, s. A question proposed. Qi.prohlema: pro- 
 ballo, to propose: pro, before, and ballo, to throw. 
 
 PRO BOArO PUBLICO. For public benelit, L. 
 
 PROCEED, -v. To move forward; to act; to issue. L. 
 procedo; from pro, forward, and cede, to depart. 
 
 PROCESS, s. Progressive course; operation; course 
 of law. F. proces: L. processus; from procedo. — See 
 PROCEED. 
 
 PROCESSION, s. A train moving in ceremonious 
 
 solemnity. F. procession; L. processio See PRO 
 
 CESS. 
 
 [20] 
 
PRO—PRO 
 
 PROCLAIM. V. To make public. L. Jiroclamo^ to call 
 out: pro, before, and clamo, to call. 
 
 PROCONSUL, s. A deputy consul. L. Jiro^ for, and 
 consul. 
 
 PROCRASTINATE, v. To defer through idleness. L. 
 jirocrastiiior; from /rro, for, eras, to-morrow, and te- 
 neo, to hold. 
 
 PROCTOR, s. A manager of another's afTairs; an at- 
 torney of the spiritual court; the magistrate of a uni- 
 versity. L. procurator See PROCURE. 
 
 PROCURATION, s. Power given to transact business 
 for another, lu. procuratio.- — See PROCURE. 
 
 PROCURE. V. To obtain; to cause, h. procuroj from 
 firoy for, and euro, to take care of. 
 
 PRODIGAL, a^/. Lavish. L,. firodigus; from /irodig-Oy 
 to drive forth: firo, before, and ag-o, to drive or act. 
 
 PRODIGY, s. Something out of the ordinary course of 
 nature. L. firodigium. — This word seems to have an 
 affinity with prodigal. 
 
 PRODU'CE. V, To exhibit; to bring forth. L. produco; 
 from pro, signifying forward, and duco, to lead. 
 
 PRO'DUCE. s. That which any thing yields, of a ma- 
 terial nature. It is different in its meaning from pro- 
 duct, which is an arithmetical result. — See the verb. 
 
 PRODUCT, s. Result; sum; of an arithmetical, rather 
 than of a material kind. It is used in a different sense 
 from produce, which is a material result, h. produc- 
 ius, p. part, oi produco. — See PRODU'CE. 
 
 PRODUCTION, s. The act of producing; the thing 
 produced; produce. F.productio7i. — See PRODUCT. 
 
 PROEM, s. Preface; introduction. Old F. proe?}ie ; 
 L. procemiumi G. prooimion: pro, before, and oime, a 
 way. 
 
 PROFANE, adj. Irreverent to sacred things; not sa- 
 cred. \j. prof anus: pro, before, zwdfanum, a temple. 
 
 PROFESS. V. To declare openly; to follow as a pro- 
 fession. L. professus, part, oi projiteor; from pro, be- 
 fore, ?ini\fat€or, to confess. 
 
 PROFICIENT, adj. Highly advanced in the knowledge 
 of any thing. L. firojiciens, part, oi projicio, to go for- 
 ward : pro, before, and yaczo, to do. 
 
 PROFOUND, adj. Deep; humble; intellectually deep. 
 
PRO— PRO 
 
 L. firofundus^ deep. Profound may be applied to 
 great learning, by supposing that a scholar has ex- 
 amined deefily; and to humility, from the posture in 
 bowing. 
 
 PROFUNDITY, s. Depth.—See PROFOUND. 
 
 PROFUSE, adj. Prodigal; exuberant. L. /irqfusus. 
 part. o{ /irofu?idoy to pour out. 
 
 PROGENITOR, s. A forefather; a person, either male 
 or female, from whom another has descended, h./wa- 
 {fe?iitoi^; from /z?'o, before, and g'e7iOy to beget. 
 
 PROGENY, s. Offspring, h. /irog-efiies: /iroj forward, 
 and getiiis, a race. 
 
 PROGNOSTIC, s. Prediction; omen. G. /zro, before, 
 and ginosko^ to know. 
 
 PROGRESS. Motion forward; advancement. L. /iro- 
 gressiis; from /?ro, forward, and gressus, part, oi gru- 
 dior., to go : gradiis^ a step. 
 
 PROHIBIT, -u. To forbid; to hinder. 'L. prohibeo; from 
 pro., before, and habeo^ to have or hold : meaning, some 
 obstruction. 
 
 PROJECT. ~o. To throw forward; to jut out; to con- 
 trive. L. firojectum^ sup. oifi7'ojicio; from /iro, before, 
 and jacio, to throw. 
 
 PROLATE, adj. Extended beyond an exact round. L. 
 firolatus^ p. part, oi fir of era, to thrust out; firo^ be- 
 fore, andy>ro, to carry. 
 
 PROLEPSIS. 5. A form of rhetoric, by which objec- 
 tions are anticipated ; an error in chronology, by 
 which events are dated too early. G. firoie/isis: firo^ 
 before, and lambano., to take. 
 
 PROLIFIC, adj. F'ruitful; productive. F. prolijique; 
 L. proles., a race, and /ac/o, to make. 
 
 PROLIX, adj. Long; not concise, h. prolixus; from 
 pro., and laxas, loose. 
 
 PROLOCUTOR. 5. Speaker of a convocation. L,. pro- 
 locutor; from pro, for, and locjuor, to speak. 
 
 PROLOGUE, s. Preface; something spoken before the 
 beginning of a play. G. prologos; from pro, before, 
 and lo^os, a word. 
 
 PROMENADE, s. A walk; a place for walking. F. 
 iYon\ promener., to walk: Jiro. signifying forward, and 
 mener, to carry; or lead. 
 
PRO—PRO 
 
 PROMINENT, cf//. Projecting; conspicuous. L. firo- 
 
 ?ninens, part, of Jiro?ni?ieo, to jut out. 
 PROMISCUOUS, adj. Mingled; confused. L. /iro- 
 
 77iiscuus; from pro^ and misceo^ to mix. 
 PROMISE, s. Declaration of design; expectation; hope. 
 
 h. fi7-o?nissiifn; from /u'o, before, and mitto^ to send: 
 
 that is, to send out the declaration before the perform- 
 ance is accomplished. 
 PROMONTORY. 5. High land, jutting into the sea; a 
 
 cape or headland, L. iiromontorium: firo^ before, and 
 
 mons^ a mountain. 
 PROMOTE. V. To forward; to advance. L. promo- 
 
 tum, sup. oi promoveo) from /27'0, forward, and inoveo^ 
 
 to move. 
 PROMPT. «f//. Ready; quick; instant. Y. prompt; L. 
 
 pvomptus^ p. part, of promo^ to draw out, or bring 
 
 forth. Prompt payment is money drawn out. 
 PROMPTER, s. One who aids the memory, as at a 
 
 theatre.— See PROMPT. 
 PROMULGATE, v. To make public, lu.. promulgo; — 
 
 the primitives seem to be pro, before, and vulgus, the 
 
 common people. 
 PRONE, adj. Lying with the face downward, as in the 
 
 act of worshiping; bending downward; inclined. L. 
 
 promiHi O. pro,) before, and naos, a temple. 
 PRONOUN, s. A word used instead of a noun. L./?n9, 
 
 instead of, and noun. 
 PRONOUNCE. V. To utter; to declare. L. promintio; 
 
 from pro, before, (in presence of,) and nuntio, to tell. 
 PROPEL. X'. To drive forward. L,. propello; from /jro, 
 
 forward, and pello, to drive. 
 PROPENSITY, s. Inclination ; desire. L. propensio: 
 
 from prop ens 7CS, part, oi propendeo, to lean forward: 
 
 pro, forward, and pendeo, to hang. 
 PROPER, adj. Peculiar; not common; natural; suita- 
 ble. Y.propre; L. /zro/zrzw^, peculiar. 
 PROPERTY, s. Peculiar quality; disposition; thing 
 
 possessed in one's own right. — See PROPER. 
 PROPHET, s. One who foretels by divine inspiration. 
 
 G. pirophetes; from pro, before, and phemi, to say. 
 PROPHETIC, or PROPHETICAL, adj. Foreseeing 
 
 or foretelling future events, — Sec PROPHET. 
 
PRO—PRO 
 
 PROPITIATE, v. To gain the favour uf. \.. prvj.ttio. 
 i^. /troJilTio; pro, before, and/Vi/zo, to drink; alluding 
 to a heathen sacrifice. 
 
 PROPORTION, s. Comparative relation; symmetry. 
 L. jirofiortio; from pro, according to, and fiortio^ a 
 part : that is, one part referring to another. 
 
 PROPOSE. V. To offer for consideration. 1j. pro/iosl- 
 turn, sup. oi pro}io7ioi ivoni p?'Oj before, and po?io, to 
 place. 
 
 PROPOUND. V. To propose. L. propono.—See PRO- 
 POSE. 
 
 PROPRIETOR, s. An owner. L.— See PROPERTY. 
 
 PROPRIETY, s. Accuracy; justness. L. proprietas; 
 from propriusy fit.—See PROPER. 
 
 PROPULSION, s. Act of propelling. L. propulsus, p. 
 part, of propello.See PROPEL. 
 
 PROROGUE. V. To adjourn. L. prorogo, to defer; 
 from/'7'o, forward, and i^og-o, to desire or request. 
 
 PROSCRIBE. V. To doom to destruction; to forbid. 
 L. proscribo ; from Jiro^ concerning, and scrioG, to 
 write. 
 
 PROSCRIPTION, s. Act of proscribing. L. proscrip- 
 tlo; proscriptus^ p. part, of proscribo. — See PRO- 
 SCRIBE. 
 
 PROSE, s. Language not restrained to harmonic sounds 
 or regular number of syllables. ¥. prose; L. prosa: 
 from prorsus, straight forward; by way of opposi- 
 tion to versus, (hence verse,) a turning backward. — 
 See VERSE. 
 
 PROSECUTE. V. To pursue; to continue. L. prose- 
 quor; from pro, forward, and seguor, to follow. 
 
 PROSODY, s. That part of grammar which teaches 
 the just sound and quantity of syllables, and the 
 measures of verse. G. prosodia: pros, for, and ode, 
 a song. 
 
 PROSOPOPOEIA, s. Personification. G. prosopopoiia; 
 from prosopon, a person, and poieo, to make. 
 
 PROSPECT, s. View of something distant. L. pro- 
 spectus ; part, oi prospicio; from pro, forward, and 
 specio, to see. 
 
 PROSPECTIVE, adj. Relating to a distant view.— See 
 PROSPECT. 
 
 rso*] 
 
PRO— PRO 
 
 PROSPECTUS, s. Plan, generally of a literary work, 
 
 L. pros/iectus.-^See PROSPECT. 
 PROvSPER. V. To be successful. "L. prosjiero; from /zro, 
 
 forward, and sjiero^ to hope or expect. 
 PROSTITUTE, f. To expose to crime, or commit sin, 
 
 for a reward. L. jirostituo; from pro^ forward, and 
 
 statum^ sup. of 5?o, to stand; meaning, to offer one's 
 
 services in a public market. 
 PROSTRATE, adj. Lying at length; thrown down. L. 
 
 prostratus^ p. part, oi prostemo: from /zro, before, 
 
 and sterno-) to spread. 
 PROTECT. V. To defend. \^. protectum., sup. of /zro- 
 
 tego; from pro., before, and tego-^ to cover. 
 PRO-TEMPORE. For a time;' not permanently. L. 
 
 pro^ for, tempore.^ abl. of tenipus^ time, or a time. 
 PROTEST. X'. To record in the manner of a notary; to 
 
 object. Yi. protestor; from pro^ for, and testor^ to bear 
 
 witness : testis^ a witness. 
 PROTHONOTARY. s. Chief notary, or register. G. 
 
 protos, first, and notary. 
 PROTOTYPE. 5. The original. F. prototype: G. pro- 
 
 totupon; from protos, first, and tupos, a mark, or 
 
 form. 
 PROTRACT. V. To lengthen; to delay. L. protrac- 
 
 tum^ sup. oi protraho; from /zro, forward, and traho^ 
 
 to draw. 
 PROTRUDE, -u. To thrust forward, l.. protriido; from 
 
 pro., before, and trudo, to thrust. 
 PROTRUSION, s. Act of protruding. L. protrususy 
 
 p. part. ofprotrudo.^SGe PROTRUDE. 
 PROTUBERANCE, s. A swelling; prominence. L. 
 
 proj before, (on the surface,) and tiiher, a bunch or 
 
 excrescence. 
 PROVERB, s. A short moral sentence. 'L.proverbium; 
 
 from pro.) in the place of, verbinn^ a speech : meaning, 
 
 a few words instead of many. 
 PROVERBIAL, adj. Mentioned as a proverb; resem- 
 bling a proverb.— See PROVERB. 
 PROVIDE, -v. To make ready beforehand; to supply; 
 
 to stipulate, h.provideo: from pro, before, and video, 
 
 to sec. 
 
PRO— PUG 
 
 PROVIDENCE, s. The act of providing; divine super- 
 intendence. F. fwovidence. — See PROVIDE. 
 
 PROVINCE, s. Originally, a conquered country ; gene- 
 rally, a large district, h. /n-ovincia; from /zro, before, 
 and vinco, to conquer. 
 
 PROVISION, s. Something provided; stipulation. L. 
 /irovisio; ivom provide o. — See PROVIDE. 
 
 PROVISO, s. Stipulation. Lj. firoviso, abl. oi firovisus^ 
 p. part, of /2rox;;V/eo.-— See PROVIDE. 
 
 PROVOCATION, s. Act or cause by which anger is 
 excited. L. provocatio. — See PROVOKE. 
 
 PROVOKE. V. To enrage; to promote. L. firovoco; 
 from /zro, forward, and uoco^ to call. 
 
 PROW. s. The forepart of a ship. F. firoue; G. firora; 
 from /2ro, before, and rheo., to proceed. 
 
 PROWESS. 5. Bravery; valour; courageous excitement 
 which places a mm-\ forward^ or in Xh^fi-ont of a bat- 
 tle. F./2ro«e5se.— See PROW. 
 
 PROXIMITY, s. Nearness. \^.proximitasi from fir oxi- 
 mus^ nearest. 
 
 PROXY, s. The agency of another; the agent employ- 
 ed. Abbreviation of L. firoximus, a neighbour. — See 
 PROXIMITY. 
 
 PRUDENT, adj. Provident; discreet. F. prudent; L. 
 firudefiSj an abbreviation of firox'idens ^See PRO- 
 VIDE. 
 
 PRURIENCE, s. Great desire or appetite for any thing. 
 L. /iruriensj part, oi /irurio^ to itch. 
 
 PSALM, s. A holy song. G. Jisalmos^ a tune for a mu- 
 sical histrument; from psallo^ to strike [the harp- 
 strings] : fisallo^ signifies also, to praise in song, — the 
 harp being originally used for songs of praise; as by 
 David. 
 
 PSALTER, s. The volume of psalms. G. psalterion; 
 from fisallo.—^ce PSALM. 
 
 PSEUDO. ac//. False; counterfeit. G. /iscud'os, false. 
 
 PUBERTY, s. Sexual maturity. L. fiubertas; horn fiu- 
 der, of ripe age. 
 
 PUERILE, adj. Childish. L,. fiuerilis; from fiuer^ a boy. 
 
 PUGNACITY, s. Quarrelsomeness; inclination to fight. 
 1j. pugnacitas J pugna^ a fight. 
 
PUI— PUR 
 
 PUISNE', adj. A puisne (puny) judge, is one of inferior 
 rank. F. puUne^ younger, (meaning- weaker) : from nc, 
 not, and fiouvoir^ to be able. 
 
 PUISSANT, adj. Powerful. F. from pouvoir^ to be 
 able. 
 
 PULMONARY, adj. Relating to the lungs. I., fiulmc. 
 the lungs. 
 
 PULSATION, s. The act of beating or moving rapidly 
 against something opposing; the beating of the pulse. 
 \j,. fiulsatio: pulsus^ p. part, oifiello, to strike. 
 
 PULSE, s. The perceptible action of the blood, in cer- 
 tain parts of the body, h./iulsusj from a part, oifielloy 
 to strike. 
 
 PULVERIZE. V. To reduce to powder. L. fiulverisy 
 gen. oi pu/vis, dust. 
 
 PUNCTILIO, s. A nice point of exactness; etiquette. 
 —See PUNCTUAL. 
 
 PUNCTILIOUS, adj. Extremely exact.— See PUNC- 
 TUAL. 
 
 PUNCTUAL, adj. Exact. Y.punctiiel. L. /iinictuniy a 
 point.— See POINT. 
 
 PUNCTUATION, s-. The act or method of pointing, 
 or placing stops, L. iiunctumy a point. — See POINT. 
 
 PUNCTURE, s. A hole made by a sharp point. L. 
 fiunctumy a point. — See POINT. 
 
 PUNGENT, adj. Sharp on the tongue; piercing; acri- 
 monious. \u. iiun!£ensy part, oi fiungOy to prick. 
 
 PUNY. adj. Inferior; Aveak— See PUISNE'. 
 
 PUPIL, s. A scholar. L.. jnijiillusy a male orphan ;/2w- 
 fiillay a female orphan: ivom. Jiupa^ a baby: also, the 
 apple of the eye; alluding to the small image reflected 
 by the eye. 
 
 PURGATORY, s. A temporary hell, or place of pur- 
 gation from sin, believed to exist by the Roman 
 Catholics. L. fiurgatorium ; from purgo.- See 
 PURGE. 
 
 PURGE. V. To cleanse. 'L. purgo^ to cleanse. 
 
 PURLIEUS. 6'. Origmally related to lands in England 
 which were detached from the royal forests, and ex- 
 onerated from the forest-law; but purlieus now mean 
 some privileged district, in general. V.pur^ pure, or 
 unmixed, and lieuy place. 
 
PUR— PYR 
 
 PURPORT. .1. Design. F. /iour/io?'te; from pour, for, 
 and /lorter, to carry. L. /iro and /2o?-z'o. 
 
 PURPOSE, s. Intention ; effect of the intention. Y./iour, 
 for, and Jioser, to place : L. //ro, and /lono. 
 
 PURSUE. V. To chase; to continue. F. poursiiivre; 
 from jiour, for, and suivre, to follow. 
 
 PURSUIVANT, s. An attendant on the heralds. F. 
 fioursuivant, part, oi Jioursuivre, to follow. 
 
 PURULENT, adj. Consisting of corrupted matter. L, 
 fiurulentiis; horn /iicris, gen. of /2^^5, corruption. 
 
 PURVEYOR, s. One who collects provisions; a pro- 
 curer. F. fiurvoyein'; from pour, for, and voir, to see. 
 
 PUS. s. Matter issuing from a sore. L. pus, corruption. 
 
 PUSILLANIMITY, s. Cowardice. F. pusillanimUe ; 
 L. pusillus, weak, and animus, the soul, or mind. 
 
 PUSTULE, s. A small swelling. L. fiustula: pus, mat- 
 ter, or corruption. 
 
 PUTREFY, -u. To rot; to become foul. F. putrijier: L. 
 putris, rotten, and^o, to become. 
 
 PUTRESCENT, adj. Growing rotten or foul. \a. pii- 
 trescens, part, oi putresco; from putris, rotten. 
 
 PUTRID. C6(;. Rotten; foul. \^. putridus, YotlQn. 
 
 PYGMY. 5.— See PIGMY. 
 
 PYRAMID, s. A solid figure, the sides of which are 
 plain triangles, meeting in a point. F. pyraviide: G. 
 pturamis; from pur, fire: because fire ascends in a 
 similar form. 
 
 PYRITES, s. A mineral, som.etimes called j'?re-stone. 
 Some of its varieties are sulphurets of iron, and others, 
 sulphurets of copper, with a portion of alumine and 
 silex. G. pur, fire. 
 
 PYROLIGNOUS. adj. The acid called pyrolignous re- 
 sembles the acetous ; and is obtained by exposing 
 wood, confined in a cylinder of iron, to the action of 
 fire: G. jiur, fire, and L. lignum, wood. 
 
 PYROMETER, s. An instrument, invented by Wedge- 
 wood, for ascertaining the heat of ovens, furnaces, 
 and intense fires, G./^z^r, fire, and metreo,X.o measure. 
 
 PYROPHORI. s. Compound substances, which ignite 
 on the admission of atmospheric air. G.pur, fire, and 
 phero, to bear. 
 
PYR— QUA 
 
 PYROTECHNICS, s. The art of making fireworks. G. 
 
 fiui', fire, and tcchne^ art. 
 PYRRHONISM, s. Scepticism; universal doubting. 
 
 Pyrrho^ a Grecian philosopher, the founder of the 
 
 Sceptics. 
 
 QUADRANGLE. .9. A square; a surface with four 
 
 right angles. L. quadrangulus : quadratus^ (from 
 
 (jiiatuor^ four,) squared, and avgulus^ an angle. 
 QUADRANT, s. A quarter; the quarter of a circle; an 
 
 instrument for measuring altitudes. L. quadrans^ the 
 
 fourth part: qiiatuor^ four. 
 QUADRATE, adj. Square; divisible into four equal 
 
 parts. L. quadratus^ part, of quadra^ to square: qua- 
 
 tuor^ four. 
 QUADRATIC, adj. Belonging to a square. See 
 
 QUADRATE. 
 QUADRATURE, s. The act of squaring; state of being 
 
 square; the first and last quarter of the moon. L. 
 
 quadratura.—^eQ QUADRATE. 
 QUADRENNIAL, adj. Lasting four years; happening 
 
 once in four years. L. quadricnnium; comp. of qua- 
 
 tuor., four, and an?2us^ a year. 
 QUADRIBLE. adj. Capable of being squared. L. qua- 
 
 dro, to square : c/natuor, four. 
 QUADRILATEPvAL. adj. Plaving four sides. L. qua- 
 
 tiior.) four, and latera., (pi. of latun^) sides. 
 QUADRIPARTITE, adj. Having four parts. L. qua- 
 
 tuor., four, d.nd partitus, p. part, oi Jiartio, to divide: 
 
 pars., a part. 
 QUADRUPED, s. An animal which has four feet. L. 
 
 quadrupedis., gen. of qiiadru/ies: from qiiatuor^ four, 
 
 and pefi^ a foot. 
 QUADRUPLE, adj. Fourfold; four times told. L. qua^ 
 
 dru/ilus: quatuor., four. 
 QUADRUPLICATE. ~o. To double twice; to make 
 
 fourfold. L. qiiadriiplico: quatuor^ four, and plico^ 
 
 to fold. 
 QUALIFY. -V. To adapt; to furnish with what is neces- 
 
QUA— QUA 
 
 sary for a particular state or profession ; to abate. F, 
 (jualijier: L. qualis, such as, audyac/o, to make. 
 
 QUALITY, s. Sort, relatively considered; property; 
 rank. L. qualitas: cjualis, of what kind, such as. 
 
 QUJMDIU 8E BEjYE GES8ERIT. As lonij as he 
 shall conduct himself properly ; a condition on which 
 the English judges hold their offices. L. quamdiu^ as 
 long as, gesserit^ (from gero^) he shall conduct, se^ him- 
 self, bene^ well. 
 
 QUANTITY, s. Indeterminate weight or measure ; 
 portion ; prosodial measure. L. quantitas^ quantity. 
 
 QUANTUM, s. Quantity; amount; proportion assign- 
 ed. L. 
 
 QUAJK'TUM MERUIT. As much as he has earned, 
 or deserved. L. quantus^ and mereo. 
 
 QUAA'TUM SUEEICIT. As much as is sufficient. L. 
 quantus and sufficio. 
 
 QUA RE IMP ED IT. The name of a writ, which lies 
 for the patron of a church-living, against the person 
 Avho has disturbed his right of advowson. L. quarcy 
 wherefore, imfiedit^ (from impedio^ does he hinder. 
 
 QUARANTINE, s. Originally, the space oi forty days, 
 in which, a ship, suspected of infection, was obliged 
 to forbear intercourse with the port to which she was 
 bound ; but the duration of quarantine is now variable. 
 F. quarantaine: quarante., forty. 
 
 QUART, s. The fourth part of a gallon. F. quart-, L. 
 quartus^ the fourth: from quatuor., four. 
 
 QUARTAN, adj. A quartan ague occurs every fourth 
 day. L. quartanus; quartus.^ the fourth : quatiior., four. 
 
 QUARTATION. s. A chemical operation, by which, 
 three parts of silver are fused with a fourth part of 
 gold, in order to purify the latter. L. quartiis, the 
 fourth. 
 
 QUARTER. 5. A fourth part; a region of the skies, as 
 denoted by the mariner's compass; a particular region 
 of the town or country, without regard to arithmetical 
 division: hence, the term quarters^ for military. F. 
 quartier; L. quartus: quatuor.^ four. 
 
 QU ARTILE. s. An aspect of the planets, when they arc 
 ninety degrees (the fourth of a circle) distant from 
 each other. L.— See QUARTER. 
 
QUA— .QUI 
 
 QUARTO, s. A book in which every sheet of paper 
 makes four leaves. L. abl. of quartus^ the fourth. 
 
 QUATERNITY. s, A term which includes four. L. 
 quaterni: quatuor^ four. 
 
 QUERIST, s. An inquirer. L. quxro^ to seek. 
 
 QUERULOUS, adj. Mourning; whining; habitually 
 complaining. L. querulus; quei-ela^ a complaint; que- 
 ror, to complain. 
 
 QUERY, s. A question; an inquiry to be resolved. L. 
 qucere, imper. of quai^o^ to seek. 
 
 QUEST, s. Search. F. queste: L. qucssitus^ p. part, of 
 quero^ to seek. 
 
 QUESTION, s. Interrogatory; subject of inquiry or 
 debate; doubt. F. question; L. questio: quccsitus^ p. 
 part, of quero^ to seek. 
 
 QUIB-JVUjYC. s. a news-hunter, or coffee-house poli- 
 tician. L. quid, what, nunc, now. 
 
 QUIESCENT, adj. Not moving; reposing. L. quies- 
 cens, part, of quiesco, to be quiet. 
 
 QUIET, adj. Still ; free from disturbance ; inoffensive. L. 
 qiiietus, part, oi quiesco, to be quiet. 
 
 QUIETUS, s. A cant word, denoting something to ren- 
 der a person tame or submissive. L. quietus, quiet. 
 
 QUINARY, adj. Consisting of five. L. quinarius: quin- 
 que, five. 
 
 QUINQUAGESIMA. adj. Quinquagesima, or Shrove 
 Sunday, is the fiftieth day before Easter, reckoned by 
 whole numbers. L. fem. of quinquagesimus, the fif- 
 tieth. 
 
 QUINQUENNIAL, ft^^'. Lasting five years; happening 
 once in five years. L. quinquennis: quinque, five, and 
 annus, a year. 
 
 QUINTESSENCE, s. An imaginary fifth being of the 
 old philosophers; an extract from any thing, contain- 
 ing all its virtues in a small bulk. L. qiiinta, fem. of 
 quintus, the fifth, and essence. 
 
 QUINTUPLE, adj. Fivefold. L. quintuiilus; quinqiie, 
 five. 
 
 QUIRE, s. A body of singers. F. cAoewr.—See CHOIR. 
 
 QUI TAM. An action in the manner of an informa- 
 tion on a penal statute. L. qui^ how, or why, tarn, so. 
 
QUO— QUO 
 
 QUOJD HOC. As tar as this [point of the argument, 
 Sec] L. cjuoad^ as much as, or as far as, hoc^ this. 
 
 QUO A.yiMO. "With what mind," or with what de- 
 sign or intention. L. abl. oi (juis^ and animus. 
 
 QUO JURE. By w^hat right. L. abl. of y^w, andyz/.s. 
 
 QUONDAIVI. Having been formerly. L. quondam.^ iu 
 time past. 
 
 QUORUM. .9. A magistrate of a certain rank; a bench 
 of magistrates; a number of any members sufficient 
 to transact business. The term is thus used from the 
 words of the commission, — ^' quorum^ A. B. umun 
 esse voliunusy" {^of Tj/io?n, A. B. we wish you to be 
 one.) Where a commission is directed to seven per- 
 sons, or to any three of them, whereof A. B. and C. D. 
 are to be two ; in this case tiiey are said to be of the 
 cjuorum ( of whom; ) because, the rest cannot proceed 
 to business without them : — so, '' a justice of the peace 
 and quorum," is one, without wliom the rest of the 
 justices, in some cases, cannot proceed; and a quorum 
 of any deliberative c.ssembly has the same relation. 
 
 QUOTA, s. Share; proportion assigned to each. L. fern. 
 of qiiotus: from quot, so many as. 
 
 QUOTE. V. To use, by way of authority or illustration, 
 the words of another. F. cote?', to mark by successive 
 letters or numbers. 
 
 QUOTIDIAN, adj. A quotidian fever returns every 
 day. L. quotidiayuis: qiiot, every, and dies.) a day. 
 
 QUOTIENT, s. A number produced by the division 
 of two other given numbers, the one by the other; 
 as, the quotient of 50, divided by 10, is 5. F. quotient: 
 L. quo ties, as many times. 
 
 QUO WJRRAj\''Td. By what warrant, or authority. L, 
 
 [211 
 
RAB— RAX 
 
 R. 
 
 RABBLE, s. A tumultuous crowd; the lowest of the 
 populace. L. rabula, a wrangler: rabies^ rage. 
 
 RABDOMANCY. &. Pretended divination by means 
 of rods. G. rabdos, a rod, and manteia, a fortelling. 
 
 RADIANT, adj. Emitting rays; shining. L. radians^ 
 part, of radio, to emit beams and rays, or to glitter: 
 radius, a ray: G. rabdos, a small branch, or rod. 
 
 RADL\TED. adj. Adorned with rays. L. radiatus. — 
 See RADIANT. 
 
 RADICAL, adj. Affecting the root;' primitive; im- 
 planted by nature. F. radical: L. radicis, gen. of ra- 
 dix, a root. 
 
 RADICATE, -v. To form a root ; to plant deeply and 
 firmly. L. radicor; radix, a root. 
 
 RADICLE. *. That part of the seed, which, after its 
 vegetation, becomes its root. L. radicula, dim. of ra- 
 dix, a root. 
 
 RADIUS, s. The semidiameter of a circle; (pi. radii.) 
 L. radius, a ray; G. rabdos, a small branch, or rod. 
 
 RAGOUT, s. Meat stewed and highly seasoned. F. 
 from gout, taste. 
 
 RALLY. V. To re-assemble and put in order dispersed 
 forces. F. rallicr: re, again, and allier, to join: — to 
 tease by frequent attempts of satire; railler, to jeer. 
 
 RAMIFY. V. To separate into branches. F. ramijier: 
 L. ramus, a branch, and /aczo, to make. 
 
 RAMOUS. adj. Branchy. L. ramus, a branch. 
 
 RAMPART, s. In fortification, an elevation of earth 
 around a place, capable of resisting cannon. F. rempart; 
 from remfiarer, to fence. 
 
 RANCID, adj. Emitting a putrid smell. L. ra7icidu.s, 
 musty, stale. 
 
 RANCOUR, s. Inveterate malignity. F. rancoeur: 
 ranee, rusty, and coeur, the heart : L. rancid us and cor. 
 
 PvANGE. V. To place in a row, or in order; to rove at 
 large, as if along the entire row. F. ranger: rang, 
 a row. 
 
RAN—RAT 
 
 RANK. .-?. A row; a class or order; degree, as if de- 
 noting in what row. F, I'uug-^ a row. 
 RANSOM, s. Price of redemption from captivity or 
 
 punisljmcnt. F. ran^on. 
 RAi^ACrrY. s. Inclination to plunder; exercise of 
 
 plunder. F. rajiacite; L. ra/mcitus; rajiax, ravenous; 
 
 rcijiw^ to pull, or take by violence. 
 RAPID, adj. Swift. F. ra/iide; L. rafiidus: rafitus^ p. 
 
 part, of rapio^ to take by violence. 
 RAPIER, s. A species of sword. F. rapkre; L. rafiio^ 
 
 to take by violence. 
 RAPINE, s. Act of plundering; violence. F. rapiric; 
 
 L. rufiina; rapio^ to pull, or take by violence. 
 RAPTURE. .9. Extasy; violence of any pleasing affec- 
 tion or passion. L. rajiturus., (part, of rapto,) about 
 
 to take, or hurry away, by violence. 
 RARA AVIS. A rare bird; something singular or 
 
 wonderful. L. rara, fern, of 7^arus, rare, and avis^ a 
 
 bird. 
 RARE. adj. Scarce; uncommon; unfrequent. F. rare; 
 
 L. rants ^ thin, or not thick set. 
 RAREFACTION. *. Act of rarefying. L. rarus^ thin, 
 
 zxx^factio^ a power of making :,/«c/o, to make. 
 RAREFY. V. To make thin, or less dense. F. rarejier: 
 
 L. rarus^ thin, andyaczo, to make. 
 RARITY. *. Uncommonness; a thing valued for its 
 
 scarcity. F. rarite; L. raritas. — See RARE. 
 RATE. .9. Assigned value; allowance; degree; rank; 
 
 mode of action; degree to which any thing is done; 
 
 tax. L. 7-a;'z^5, part, of 7Tor, to suppose. 
 RATIFY. V. To confirm. F. ratijier; L. ratusy (part. 
 
 of ?'(?or,) established, and/ac/o, to make. 
 RATIO. .9. Rate; proportion. L. from ratus^ part, of 
 
 reor^ to suppose. 
 RATIOCINATION, s. The act of reasoning, or of 
 
 deducing consequences from premises, L. ratiocina' 
 
 iio; ratiocinatusy part, of ratiocinor^ to cast an ac- 
 count, or reckon. — See RATIO. 
 RATIONAL, adj. Having the power of reasoning; in 
 
 conformity with reason; judicious. L. ratlonalis: ra- 
 
 -'ioy reason.— See RATE, 
 
RAV—REC 
 
 RAVAGE. V. To plunder; to lay waste. F. ravage r: 
 L. ra/iio^ to take by violence. 
 
 RAY. 6'. A beam of light; any lustre, corporeal or in- 
 tellectual. F. raie ; from the L. radius. — See RA- 
 DIUS. 
 
 RAZE. V. To make level with the ground; to ruin;* to 
 efface. F. raser: L. rasus, p. part, of rado, to shave. 
 
 RAZOR, s. A knife for shaving the beard. L. rasor; 
 from rasus, p. part, of rado^ to shave. 
 
 RAZURE. s. Erasure; act of erasing. F. rasure; L. 
 razura. — See RAZE. 
 
 REAL. adj. Not fictitious, but actually existing; genu- 
 ine; consisting of things immoveable, as land, — not 
 transitory as furniture or money. L,. realis : res, a 
 thing. 
 
 REALIZE. V. To make real; to acquire beyond the 
 reach of contingency ; to induce one's mind to believe 
 any extreme happiness or affliction. — See REAL. 
 
 REALM. 6'. Properly, a kingdom; in its restricted sense, 
 the dominion, exclusive of colonies. The province of 
 Canada is not considered as a part of the British realm. 
 F. roiaiihne; roi, a king. 
 
 REANIMATE, v. To revive. L. re, again, and ani- 
 mate. 
 
 REASON, s. Rational faculty; mind; cause; motive; 
 justice; moderation. F. raiso7i; L. ratio: from ratus, 
 part, of re c 7-, to suppose, or judge. 
 
 REASONABLE, adj. Rational; just; moderate. F. rai- 
 sonnable. — See REASON. 
 
 RE ASSUME. V. To resume; to take again. L. re, again, 
 and assume. 
 
 REASSURE. V. To assure again. L. re, again, and as- 
 sure, 
 
 REBAPTIZE. V. To baptize again. L. re, again, and 
 baptize. 
 
 REBEL, -v. To revolt, after being conquered; to rise 
 against lawful authority. L. rebello; comp. of r^, again, 
 and bello, to wage war: helium, war. 
 
 REBUILD, 'o. To build again. L. re, again, and build. 
 
 REBUS, s, A word represented by a picture. L. rebus, 
 (abl. pi. of 7'C5,) by things. 
 
 RECANT. X'. To retract; to contradict one's former 
 
REC— REC 
 
 professions. L. recanto: comp. of 7V, again, and canto^ 
 
 to sini^. 
 RECAPITULATE, x^. To repeat the heads of a former 
 
 discourse; to capitulate again. F. recafiituler: L. re^ 
 
 again, and cafiitulatim^ by heads or chapters: cafiut^ 
 
 a head. 
 RECEDE. X'. To fall back; to retreat. L. recedo: re, 
 
 back, and cedo, to depart. 
 RECEIPT. 5. The act of receiving; written evidence of 
 
 a thing received. L. rece/itur?2j rece/itus, p. part, of 
 
 reel/no. — See RECEIVE. 
 RECEIVE, 'o. To take or get into one's possession; to 
 
 embrace intellectually; to admit. F. recevoir; L. re- 
 
 cipio: re, back, or again, and cafiio, to take. 
 RECENT, adj. New; late; fresh. L. receris, new. 
 RECEPTACLE. 5. A vessel or place into which any 
 
 thing is received. L. rece/itaculum.^-^See RECEIPT. 
 RECEPTION, s. Act of receiving; state of being re- 
 ceived.— See RECEIPT. 
 RECEPTIVE, adj. Having the faculty of receiving. — 
 
 See RECEIPT. 
 RECESS, s. Retirement; secession; place of retirement, 
 
 or secrecy; a niche. L. recessus, part, of recedo.' — See 
 
 RECEDE. 
 RECESSION, s. Act of receding. L. recessio. — See RE« 
 
 CESS. 
 RECIPE', s. A medical prescription; a direction for 
 
 apportioning the ingredients of any compound. L. im- 
 
 per. ofrecifiio. — See RECEIPT. 
 RECIPIENT, s. The thing which receives. L. recijii- 
 
 ens., part, of reci/iio. — See RECEIVE. 
 RECIPROCAL, ar/;. Alternate; mutual. L. reci/irocus, 
 
 going, or flowing, backward and forward: comp. of re, 
 
 back, ca/iio, to take, and /iro, forward. 
 RECITATIVE, or RECITATIVO. s. Chaunt; a kind 
 
 of tuneful pronunciation, more musical than common 
 
 speech, and less musical than song. — See RECITE. 
 RECITE. V. To rehearse; to repeat; to enumerate. L. 
 
 recito; from re, again, and cito, to call [into the me- 
 mory.] 
 RECLAIM, -v. To reform; to correct; to restore to a 
 [21*] 
 
REC— REC 
 
 state of arability. L. reclamo: ?'e, back, and clamo^ lo 
 call. 
 
 RECLINE, -v. To lean back; to repose. L. reclino: re^ 
 back, and ciino^ to bend. 
 
 RECLUSE, adj. Secluded. F. reclus: L. r^, back, and 
 claiistis^ p. part, oi claudo^ to shut. 
 
 RECOGNISANCE, s. Acknowledgment; bond of ac- 
 knowledgment, Avith regard to a debt, or to a penalty 
 that may accrue by non-appearance in a court of law. 
 Y.reconnoissance^ {Jovm.Qv\y, recognisance.) — See RE- 
 COGNISE. 
 
 RECOGNISE. V. To know again. L. re, again, and 
 cog-nosco, to know. 
 
 RECOGNITION. cc(/. Act of recognising; renovation 
 of knowledge. L. recogjiitio. — See RECOGNISE. 
 
 RECOIL. V. To rush back; to retire rapidly from some 
 opposing danger. E. reculer: re^ back, and cw/, the 
 breech. 
 
 RECOIN. V. To coin over again. L. re, again, and coin. 
 
 RECOLLECT, v. To collect again; to restore to the 
 memory. L. re, again, and collect. 
 
 RECOMMEND, v. To commend, to another, that 
 • which is already commended to oneself; to make ac- 
 ceptable. L. re, again, and commend. 
 
 RECOMMIT. V. To commit again. L. re, again, and 
 commit. 
 
 RECOMPENSE, v. To requite; to give an equivalent. 
 F. recomjienser: L. re, back, and compenso^ to recom- 
 pense: C072, with, and^ewso, to consider, or value. 
 
 RECONCILE, -v. To cause a renewal of affection or 
 regard; to make consistent. L. reconcilio: re, again, 
 and concilio, to join.— See CONCILIATE. 
 
 RECONNOITRE, v. To view; to explore. F. comp. 
 of re, again, and connoitre., to know. 
 
 RECORD. X'. To cause to be remembered; to register. 
 L. recorder: re, again, and cor, the heart, or mind. 
 
 RECOUNT. V. To relate in detail; to reckon again. 
 F. reconter: re, again, and conter, to count or reckon. 
 
 RECOURSE, s. Return; access. F. recours; L. re- 
 cursus; from recurro: re, back, and ciirro, to run. 
 
 RECREANT, adj. Cowardly; crying out for mercy; 
 
REC— RED 
 
 recanting through fear. F. recriant^ pait. of recrier: 
 from /'d-, back, or again, and crier^ to cry out. 
 
 RECREMENT, s. Superfluous or useless parts; dross. 
 L. rcci'ementum: re, back, and cresco^ to increase, or 
 creo^ to create ; meaning, the reverse of mcrement. — 
 See INCREMENT. 
 
 RECRIMINATE, v. To charge, with another crime, 
 the person who has n:iade the first charge. L. re, back, 
 and criminate. 
 
 RECRUIT. V. To repair by a new supply; to restore 
 in number a wasted army. F. recruter: re, again, and 
 croitre, to increase. 
 
 RECTANGLE, s. A figure v/hich has one angle or 
 more, of ninety degrees. L. rectus, straight, and an- 
 gulus, an angle. 
 
 RECTIFY, -v. To make right; to refine or strengthen 
 by repeated distillation. F. rectifier: L. rectus, straight, 
 or just, and yac/o, to make. 
 
 RECTILINEAR, adj. Consisting of right lines. L. rec- 
 tus, straight, and linea, a line. 
 
 RECTITUDE, s. Honesty; freedom from moral curvity 
 or obliquity. F. rectitude: L. rectum; from rectus, (p, 
 part, of rego,) ruled or ordered : meaning that which 
 is ordered to be done. 
 
 RECTOR, s. A governor; a clergyman who receives 
 higher tythes than a vicar. L. rector: rectus, p. part. 
 of 7'ego, to rule. 
 
 RECUMBENT, adj. Lying, or leaning. L. reciimbeiis, 
 part, oi recianbo, to lean upon. 
 
 RECUR. V. To happen again; to come back to the 
 memory; to have recourse to. L. recurro: re, again, 
 or back, and curro, to run. 
 
 RECUR VOUS. adj. Bent backwards. L. recurvus: 
 7'e, back, and curvus, crooked, or bent. 
 
 REDEEM, -u. To ransom; to pay the penalty of; to res- 
 cue. L. redimo: re, back, or again, and emo, to buy. 
 
 REDEMPTION, s. Ransom; release; rescue, lu, re- 
 demfitio: redem^itus, p. part, of redimo.'—^QQ RE- 
 DEEM. 
 
 REDOLENT, adj. Sweet-smelling. L. redolens, part, 
 oiredoleoi from re^ back, and oleo, to yield a smell. 
 
RED—REF 
 
 REDOUBLE, v. To double again; to renew with in- 
 creased assiduity. L. re, again, and double. 
 
 REDOUND. V. To be sent back by reaction; to con- 
 duce; to proceed. L. redimdo: re, back, and undo, 
 to spread as waves, or abound : unda, a wave. 
 
 REDRESS, -u. To amend; to remedy; to relieve; to 
 ease. F. redresser ; re, again, and dresser, to make 
 straight: L. re, again, and directus, p. part, oi dirigo, 
 to direct or range : di, separately, and rego, to rule 
 or set right. 
 
 REDUCE. V. To bring to the former state; to reform; 
 to bring to a state of diminution; to degrade; to sub- 
 due, L. reduco: re, back, and duco, to lead. 
 
 REDUCTION, s. Act of reducing; science of reducing. 
 F. reduction; L. reductio: from reductus, p. part, of 
 re(/wco.—See REDUCE. 
 
 REDUNDANT, adj. Superabundant; superfluous. L. 
 redundans, p. part, of redundo, to overflow : comp. of 
 re, back, and 2indo, to spread as waves, or abound: 
 unda, a wave.— See REDOUND. 
 
 REDUPLICATE, v. To double. L. re, again, and du- 
 plicate. 
 
 REFECTION, s. Refreshment. F. refection; L. refec- 
 tio: refectus, p. part, of rejicio, to repair: re, again, 
 and yhfc/o, to make. 
 
 REFECTORY, s. Room of refreshment; eating room. 
 F. rp/eci'oire.—See REFECTION. 
 
 REFER. ~u. To direct one person to another, or to some 
 document, for information or judgment; to direct the 
 mind to, as the ultimate object or end. L. refero: re, 
 back, andyVro, to carry. 
 
 REFINE, -v. To make doubly fine; to purify. L. re, 
 again, and fine. 
 
 REFLECT. V, To throw back; to bend back; to turn 
 the thoughts upon the past; to throw reproach or 
 censure. L. rejlecto: re, back, and Jiecto, to bend. 
 
 REFLEX, adj. Directed backward. L. rejiexus, p. part, 
 of re/ec?o.— See REFLECT. 
 
 REFLUENT, adj. Flowing back. L. rejluens, part, of 
 rejluo: re, back, and ^z^o, to flow. 
 
 REFLUX, s. Backward course. L. rejluxus^ part, of 
 rpj?wo.--Sce REFLUENT. 
 
REF— RE& 
 
 REFORM. V. To remodel; to free from impurity. L. 
 
 7v^, again, and form. 
 REFRACT. V. To break the natural course (of rays.) 
 
 L. refracium^ sup. of rcfringo ; from 7t, back, and 
 
 frango^ to break. 
 REFRACTORY, adj. Obstinate; contumacious; rebel- 
 lious. L. rejractarius: j-efractiis, p. part, of refringo; 
 
 comp. of re, back, and frango^ to break. This word 
 
 should be written Refractory. 
 REFRAGABLE. 6-. Capable of confutation. L. refraga- 
 
 bilis: refragor, to resist, or deny: 7'e, again, and /ra/i- 
 
 go^ to break. 
 REFRAIN. V. To hold back; to restrain. F. refrener; 
 
 L. re, back, and fnzno^ to curb: frceniim, a bridle. 
 REFRANGIBLE, adj. Rays of light are refrangible, 
 
 because they can be refracted or turned out of their 
 
 way, in passing from one transparent body to another. 
 
 L. ?-<?, back, 2a\^frango^ to break. 
 REP'RIGERATE. v. To cool; or rather to bring to a 
 
 former state of coolness. L. I'cfrigero: re, back, or 
 
 again, a.n(\yrigus, cold. 
 REFUGE, s. Shelter from danger or distress; protec- 
 tion. F. refuge i L. refugium: re^ back, and /i^^fo, to 
 
 flee. 
 REFUGEE, s. One who seeks or has obtained a place 
 
 of refuge. F. refugie. — See REFUGE. 
 REFULGENT, cr//. Shining; glittering; bright; splen- 
 did. L. refulgens^ p. part, of refulgeo: rc^ back, and 
 
 fulgeo^ to shine. 
 REFUND, -v. To repay; to restore. L. refundo : re, 
 
 back, and /undo, to pour. 
 REFU'SE. V. To reject; to deny what is solicited or 
 
 required; not to comply with. F. refuser; L. refu- 
 
 sum, sup. of refundo: re, back, 2Lndfu7ido, to pour. 
 RE'FUSE. s. That which is rejected; remainder after 
 
 the rest is taken. — See the verb. 
 REFUTE, adj. To prove false or erroneous. L. refuto: 
 
 re, back, or again, and futilis, silly, trifling. 
 REGAL, adj. Royal. F. regale; L. regalls: regis, gen. 
 
 of rex, a king : rego, to rule. 
 REGALIA, s. Ensigns of the regal office. L.— See RE^ 
 
 GAL. 
 
REG— REL 
 
 REGARD. V. To feel an interest in; to observe; to con- 
 sider; to respect or esteem. F, regarder: re, back, and 
 garde?', to keep, or preserve. 
 
 REGENERATE, v. To reproduce; to give a new na- 
 ture. L. re, again, and generate : (regenero.J 
 
 REGENT. .9. A governor; a vice-king. F. regent; L. 
 re gens, part, of rego, to rule. 
 
 REGICIDE, s. JNlurderer of his king, — regicida; mur- 
 der of his king, — regkidiuvi: regis, gen. oireoc, a king, 
 and ccedo, to kill. 
 
 REGIMEN, s. Mode; mode of diet and living, suitable 
 to a particular course of medicine or state of body. L. 
 from rego, to rule. 
 
 REGIMENT, s. A body of soldiers having a name or 
 a number, and commanded by a colonel. Old F. regi- 
 ment: L. rego, to rule, or govern. 
 
 REGION. 8. Tract of land; tract of space; part of the 
 body. F. region; L. regie: from rego, to rule; mean- 
 ing that portion which is subject to one ruler. 
 
 REGISTER, s. A record, or regular account; the offi- 
 cer who records. F. regis tre; L. registrum: rego, to 
 rule, or set right. 
 
 REGRATE. v. To engross or forestall. F. regrater: 
 re, back, and gratter, to scrape. 
 
 REGRESS, e. Passage back; power of returning. L- 
 regressus; from regredior: re, back, and gradior, to 
 go: gradus, a step. 
 
 REGULAR, adj. Agreeable to rule; orderly; relating 
 to a certain species of geometrical figures. L. regu- 
 lar is: rego, to rule. 
 
 REIGN. 1). To enjoy or exercise sovereign authority : 
 to be predominant. L. regno; from rego^ to rule. 
 
 RP^IMBURSE. -u. To repay. L, re, back, in, into, and 
 bursa, a purse. 
 
 REINTEGRATE, -v. To repair; to restore. L. re, again, 
 and integro, to renew: integer, entire. 
 
 REITERATE, -v. To repeat again and again. L. re. 
 again, and iterate. 
 
 REJECT, -c. To throw back; to throw aside; to cast 
 oft'; to refuse. L. reject uin, sup. of rejicio: re, back- 
 andyacro, to throw. 
 
 RELAPSE. V. To slip or fall back; to return to am 
 
REL— REL 
 
 former state ; to return to a former opinion or profes- 
 sion. L. reiapsus, part, oi relabor: re^ back, and labor^ 
 to slide. 
 
 RELATE. V. To tell; to recite; to have reference. L. 
 relatinn^ sup. of rcfero: re, back, or again, and y'f?-©, 
 to bring. 
 
 RELAX. V. To slacken; to make less tense; to make 
 less severe; to ease. L. relaxo: 7*6', back, or again, and 
 laxo, to loosen. 
 
 RELAY, s. Horses on a road to relieve others. F. re- 
 lais : re, again, and laisser, to leave: L. laxo, to 
 loosen. 
 
 RELEx\SE. V. To set free; to free from obligation or 
 penalty. F. r<?, again, and laisser, to leave, let, or yield. 
 L. laxo, to loosen. 
 
 RELENT. XK To soften in temper; to feel compassion. 
 F. relentir: L. re, again, and lenitus, p. part, of lenio, 
 to ease: lenis, mild. 
 
 RELEVANT, adj. Relieving; aiding. F. part, of rele- 
 ver: L. relevo; comp. of re, again, and levo, to lift. 
 
 RELIC, or RELIQUE. s. That which remains; (in 
 the plural, bodily remains;) something retained in 
 memory of a person, with a religious, or supersti- 
 tious veneration. F. relique: L. relicjuia ; relictus, (p. 
 part, of relinquo,) left behind: re, back, and linquo^ 
 to leave. 
 
 RELICT, s. A woman left desalate by the death of her 
 husband; a widow. L. relictus, p. part, oi relinquo, — 
 See RELIC. 
 
 RELIEVE. V. To ease from pain, sorrow, or oppression; 
 to ease from military or other duty; to improve the 
 appearance by contrast. L. relevo: re, again, and leva, 
 to lift. 
 
 RELIGION. 5. Reverence of a Supreme Being; united, 
 especially in Christians, with a solemn and awful ex- 
 pectation of everlasting happiness, in a future state, 
 as the reward of obedience to God, — or of torment, as 
 the reward of sin : particular species of religious opin- 
 ions. F. religio7i; L. religio: from religo, to bind fast : 
 re, back, and ligo, to bind. 
 
 RELUCENT. adj. Shining; transparent. L. relucens, 
 part, of reluceo: re, back, and luceo^ to shine. 
 
REL— REM 
 
 RELUCTANT, adj. Unwilling'. L. reluctans^ strug- 
 gling against: re^ back, and lucto^ to wrestle. 
 RELUME, orRELUMINE. v. To relight; to rekindle, 
 
 L. re, again, and lumen., light. 
 RELY. V. To lean or rest upon with confidence; to put 
 
 trust in, (with on.) F. re, back, and iier^ to tic, or 
 
 unite. 
 REMAIN. V. To be left; to be left out; to stay; to con- 
 tinue. L. remaneo: comp. of re, back, and maneo^ to 
 
 stay, or wait. 
 REMAINDER, s. That which remains; in law, the last 
 
 chance of inheritance. — See REMAIN. 
 REMAND, -u. To call back; to send back. L. re, back, 
 
 and viando., to bid, or send away. 
 REMARK. V. To note; to observe. F. remarquer; re, 
 
 again, and marquer^ to mark. 
 REMEDY. 5. Means of cure; means of counteracting 
 
 any evil; relief. L. remediuin; re, back, and G. medeo^f 
 
 to govern. 
 REMINISCENCE, s. Recollection; recovery of ideas. 
 
 L. reminisceJi.^; re, again, and ?ne?nmif to remember. 
 REMISS, adj. Careless; slothful. L. reinissus^ p. part. 
 
 of remzY^o.— See REMIT. 
 REMISSION. *. Act of remitting. L. remissio; remis- 
 
 sus., p. part, of remitto.'—SGQ REMIT. 
 REMIT. V. To send back; to release from; to pardon; 
 
 to defer; to refer; to abate. L. remitto; comp. of re, 
 
 back, and mitto^ to send. 
 REMNANT, s. Remainder. L. remanens, part, of re- 
 
 T^zaneo.— See REMAIN. 
 REMONSTRATE, v. To show reasons, in strong 
 
 terms, and accompanied by expressions indicating a 
 
 sense of injury. L. remonstro; re^ back, or again, and 
 
 monstro.) to show. 
 REMORSE, s. Pain from guilt; sorrow, arising from a 
 
 sense of having injured. L. remorsus^ part, of ^-e^nor- 
 
 deo; from re, back, or again, and mordeo., to bite. 
 REMOTE, adj. Far removed; distant. L. remotus, p. 
 
 part, of remoT^eo; re^ back, and moveo^ to move. 
 REMOVE. V. To displace; to go to another place; to 
 
 transplant; to place at a distance. L. removeo; re^ 
 
 back, or again, and moveoy to move. 
 
REM— REP 
 
 REMUNERATE, -v. To repay; to reward. L. rcinu 
 
 nero: re, again, and mune.ro^ to gift: munus^ a gift. 
 RENASCENT, adj. Rising again into being. L. re- 
 
 7iasce?iSj part, of renascor: re, again, and nascor, to be 
 
 born. 
 RENCONTRE, or RENCOUNTER, s. Collision or 
 
 opposition; battle. F. rencontre: re, again, and encori- 
 
 tre, a chance or adventure: en, into, and contre, 
 
 against: L. in, and contra, 
 RENDEZVOUS, s. Assembly; place appointed for as- 
 sembling. F. rendezvous: rendez, imper. of rendre, 
 
 to return, and voiis, you. 
 RENOUNCE. V. To disown; to quit upon oath. L. 
 
 renuntio: re, again, and nuntio, to tell, or disclose. 
 RENOVATE, -u. To renew; to refresh. L. renovo: re, 
 
 again, and novo, to make new: from novus, new. 
 RENUNCIATION, s. Act of renouncing. L. renun- 
 
 tiatio.-^'^eQ RENOUNCE. 
 REPAIR. V. To amend; to replace, or restore. L. re~ 
 
 jiaro: re, again, and iiaro, to make, or shape. 
 REPARABLE, adj. Capable of being repaired. L. re- 
 
 fiarabilis. — See REPAIR. 
 REPARATION, s. Act of repairing; amends, L. re- 
 
 fiaratio.--'$>QQ REPAIR. 
 REPARTEE, s. Smart reply. F. re/mrtie: from refiar- 
 
 tir, to divide again, or reply: L. re, ^iucl /lartio. 
 REPAST, s. A meal; food; refreshment. F. rejias: L. 
 
 re, again, ?ind fiastus, p. part, oi /lasco, to feed. 
 REPEAL. V. To revoke; to annul. F. ra/i/ieller: comp. 
 
 of re, back, or again, and afijieller, to call. 
 REPEAT. V. To speak, use, or try, again; to recite; to 
 
 denote the time of day, (as a repeating watch.) L. rc- 
 
 peto, to ask again: comp. of re, again, and iieto, to 
 
 beseech, ask, seek after, Sec. 
 REPEL. V. To drive back. L. rejiello : re, back, and 
 
 jiello, to drive away. 
 REPENT. V. To think on any thing past with sorrow; 
 
 to express sorrow for something past; to change the 
 
 mind. F. refientir; L. re, again, and penitus, within. 
 REPERCUSSION. 6-. Rebound. L. reiiercussio; rejier- 
 
 cu&sus, p. part, of re/iercutio; re, back, 2a-\d Jiercutio^ 
 
 to strike: fier, through, and quatio, to shake. 
 [221 
 
REP—REP 
 
 REPERTORY. .5. A magazine; a book in which infor- 
 mation on certain subjects is to be found. F. rejier- 
 
 toire; L. re/iertoriufn; from rejiertus^ p. part, of re- 
 
 fierio^ to find or discover. 
 REPETITION, s. Act of repeating; thing repeated. L. 
 
 rf/2e/z7/o.-— See REPEAT. 
 REPLENISH. V. To refill. L. re^ again, and idenus^ 
 
 full. 
 REPLETE, adj. Full, — meaning in a high degree. F. re- 
 
 jilete; L. repletus, p. part, oirejileoi re-, again, or in 
 
 a high degree, and pleo, to fill. 
 REPLETION, s. State of being too full. F. rejiktion. 
 
 —See REPLETE. 
 REPLEVIN, or REPLEVY, v. To take back or reco- 
 ver, on security given to the proper officer, any thing 
 
 seized. Law F. rejilevir; re, again, and old F.Jilevir, 
 
 or Jileg-ir, to give a pledge. 
 REPLICATION, s. A formal reply. L. refilicatio, an 
 
 unfolding: from rejilicatus, p. part, of rejilico. — See 
 
 REPLY. 
 REPLY. V. To answer; to make a return to an answer. 
 
 L. replico, to unfold, or reply: re, back, or again, and 
 
 p.lico, to fold. 
 REPORT, -v. To carry back the result of any inquiry, 
 
 from a committee, to the whole assembly deliberating; 
 
 to make public; to rumour; to make a loud noise. L. 
 
 reporto; re, back, and Jiorto, to carry. 
 REPOSE, s. Rest; quiet; sleep. F. rejios; L. rejiositus, 
 
 p. part, of repono; re, back, and pono, to place. 
 REPREHEND, v. To reprove; to censure. L. repre- 
 
 hendo; from re, again, and firehendo, to take, or lay 
 
 hold on. 
 REPREHENSIBLE, adj. Reprovable; censurable. F. 
 
 reprehensible; L. reprehensus, p. part, oi reprehendo. 
 
 —See REPREHEND. 
 REPRESENT, v. To show as a likeness; to describe; 
 
 to make known; to personate. L. represento ; re, 
 
 again, and /^r^csews, present. — See PRESENT. 
 REPRESS, -v. To crush; to subdue. L. repressum, 
 
 sup. of reprimo; re, back, and premo, to press. 
 REPRIEVE, -v. To respite. F. repris, part, of repre?!- 
 dre: rf, back; or again, diiid pre?idre, to take. 
 
REP— REQ 
 
 REPRISAL. 6^ Act of seizing by way of retaliation; 
 thing seized. F. represaille. — See REPRIEVE. 
 
 REPROACH. V. To censure in opprobrious terms; to 
 upbraid. F. rep.rocher: re, again, and a/i/woc/iei-., to 
 come near. 
 
 REPROBATE, v. To disallow, or reject; to censure; 
 to think of with feelings of much disapprobation. L. 
 re/irobo; comp. of rd", back, and /zro^o, to approve, or 
 allow. 
 
 REPROVE. V. To blame, chide, or reprehend. F. re- 
 firoitvcr; L. refirobo : re, back, and /zro^o, to ap- 
 prove or allow. 
 
 REPTILE, s. A creeping animal. L. rejitile: from rejto, 
 to creep or crawl. 
 
 REPUBLIC, s. A commonwealth; a state in which the 
 happiness and advantage of all the people are consi- 
 dered and provided for; and in which the people gov- 
 ern through their representatives. L. resfiziblica; res, 
 an affair, or advantage, and fiublicus, public. 
 
 REPUDLATE. v. To divorce; to put away. L. rejiu- 
 dio: 7'e, back, and G. fiudarizo, to spurn. 
 
 REPUGNANT, adj. Contrary; inconsistent. F. refiug- 
 na72t; L. re/iugnans, part, of repugjio: re, back, and 
 pngno, to fight. 
 
 REPULSE, s. The condition of being repelled, or de- 
 feated. F. repulse: L. repulsus, p. part, oirepello. — 
 See REPEL. 
 
 REPUTABLE, adj. Honourable; respectable. — See 
 REPUTE. 
 
 REPUTE. v.To esteem; to account; to think. L. re- 
 puto; re, again, and puto, to think, or consider. 
 
 REQUEST, s. Petition; entreaty; state of beiyjg de- 
 sired. F. requeste; L. requisitua, p. part, of rcqitiro, 
 —See REQUIRE. 
 REQUIEM, s. A hymn, in which rest is implored for 
 
 the dead. L. comp. of re, again, and qides, rest. 
 REQUIRE. V. To demand; to ask as a right; to need. 
 
 L. requiro; re, back, and quaro, to ask, or seek. 
 REQUISITE, adj. Required; necessary. L. requisitus^ 
 
 p. part. o{ requiro. — See REQUIRE. 
 REQUITE. V. To repay; to retaliate. F. requllcr; rt\ 
 again, and quitter, to Oj^uit, or part with. 
 
RES— RES 
 
 RESCIND, -u. To cut. off; to abrogate; to repeal. L. 
 
 rescindo; re, again, and scindo, to cut. 
 RESCISSION, s. Act of rescinding. F. resciosion; from 
 
 L. rescissus, p. part, oi rescindo. — See RESCIND. 
 RESCRIBE. V, To write back; to write over again. L 
 
 rescribo; re, back, or again, and scribo, to write. 
 RESCRIPT, s. Edict, generally of a Roman emperor, 
 
 or a pope. L. rescrifitum ; rescrifitus, p. part, o?" 
 
 re5cW6o.— See RESCRIBE. 
 RESCUE, -v. To set free from any violence, danger, or 
 
 confinement. F. re, back, or again, and escheoir, to 
 
 avoid, or shun: hence, the obsolete word, eschew. 
 RESEMBLE, v. To be similar. F. reserabler; L. re, back, 
 
 (meaning reflection,) and similis, like. 
 RESENT. 1). To consider as an injury or affront, and 
 
 act in conformity with that sentiment. F. reserair; 
 
 L. re, again, and sentio, to be sensible of, or resent. 
 RESERVE, -u. To keep in store; to retain; to hold. L, 
 
 reservo; comp. of 7'^ , back, and servo, to keep. 
 RESETTLE, v. To settle again. L. re, again, and 
 
 settle. 
 RESIDE. V. To dwell; to be present. L. resideo, to sit 
 
 down : re, back, and sedeo, to sit, or stay. 
 RESIDENT, adj. Residing, or having ab6de. L. resi- 
 
 dens, p. part, of res/r/(?o.— See RESIDE. 
 RESIDUARY, adj. A residuary legatee is a person to 
 
 whom the remainder of an estate is willed, — all that is 
 
 left after paving the legacies particularly specified. — 
 
 See RESIDUE. 
 RESIDUE, s. Remainder. F. resid^i; L. residuum. — 
 
 See RESIDE. 
 RES1J)UUM. s. That which subsides, or remains after 
 
 the more valuable part has been drawn oft*. L. from 
 
 resideo, to sit dov>'n : re, back, and sedeo, to sit or stay. 
 RESIGN. V. To relinquish a claim or possession ; to 
 
 submit. L. resigno; re, back, and signo, to mark, de- 
 clare, or signify. 
 RESPECT. «. Regard ; attention; reverence; honour; 
 
 feeling of compassion. F. respect; L. resjiectus, p. 
 
 part, of respicio; re, back, or again, and specie, to see, 
 
 or behold. 
 
RES— RES 
 
 RESPECTIVE, adj. Particular; individual; viewed 
 with regard to each. — See RESPECT. 
 
 RESPIRE. V. To breathe; to rest. L. resjiiro; re, again, 
 and spiroy to breathe. 
 
 RESPITE, s. Repose; pause; reprieve. T.res/iit, or 
 rejiit; L. res/iiratus, p. part, of resjiiroi re, again, and 
 sjiiroy to breathe. 
 
 RESPLENDENT, adj. Shining; bright; illustrious. L. 
 reajilendensy part, of resplendeo; comp. of re^ back, 
 and sfilendeoy to shine. 
 
 RESPOND. V. To answer; to correspond; to suit. L. 
 resfiondeoy to answer: re^ and spondeo. 
 
 RESPONDENTIA, s. Security for money lent on a 
 cargo of merchandize. L. resjiondentia^ pi. oiresfion- 
 de?i.9, a part, of resjioiideo. — See RESPOND. 
 
 RESPONSE, s. Answer; answer made by the congre- 
 gation, speaking alternately with the minister in pub- 
 lic worship. L. resjionsum. — See RESPOND. 
 
 RESPONSIBLE, adj. Answerable; accountable; capa- 
 ble of answering to, or discharging an obligation. L. 
 responsusy suitableness. — See RESPOND. 
 
 REST. 5. Repose; state of being undisturbed ; absence 
 of motion ; prop, or support, — meaning that on which 
 any thing reposes, or by which motion is prevented ; 
 remainder, or that which is left behind, or undis- 
 turbed. L. i'esiitusy part, of restoj re^ back, and sto^ to 
 stand. 
 
 RESTIFF, or RESTIVE, adj. Unwilling to go forward ; 
 stubborn. F. refUif. — See REST. 
 
 RESTRAIN. V. To hold back; to repress. F. restrein- 
 dre; L. restringo: re, back, and stringo^ to bind. 
 
 RESTRICT. V. To limit; to confine. L. restrictum, 
 sup. oi restrmgo. — See RESTRAIN. 
 
 RESULT. V. The primary signification of this word is 
 to leafi back ; but this meaning is scarcely used now, 
 even by the poets. The proper sense of result, at the 
 present day, is, to follow as a consequence, or as the 
 effect of concurring causes. L. resiilto; resultum, sup. 
 of resilio; re, back, and salio, to leap. 
 
 RESUME. V. To take back; to take again. L. resumos 
 comp. of re, back, or again, and su?noj to take. 
 [22»] 
 
RES—RET 
 
 RESUMPTION, s. Act of resuming. L. resumptus^ 
 p. part, of resumo. — See RESUME. 
 
 RESURRECTION, s. Return from the grave; revival. 
 F. resurrection; L. resurrectum^ sup. oi resurgo; re^ 
 again, and surgo, to arise. 
 
 RESUSCITATE, v. To rouse; to restore animation, 
 after being suspended by drowning, Sec. L. reauscitc^ 
 to set up again, or arouse: re, again, and suscito, to 
 awake: s7ib, under, and cito, to call. 
 
 RETAIL. V. To sell, in small quantities, something 
 purchased from another; to relate, amongst one's neigh- 
 bours, that which one has heard from another. F. re- 
 tailler; re, again, and tailler, to cut. 
 
 RETAIN. V. To keep; to detain. L. reti7ieo: from re, 
 back, and tejieo, to hold. 
 
 RETALIATE, -v. To return like for like. L. re, back, 
 and talio, like for like. 
 
 RETARD. V. To delay; to hinder. L. retardo; re, back, 
 and tardo, to stop: tardus, slow. 
 
 RETENTION, s. Act of retaining. L. retentio; reten- 
 tus, p. part, oi reti?ieo. — See RETAIN. 
 
 RETENTIVE, adj. Having the power of retaining; 
 recollective. F. retentif. — See RETENTION. 
 
 RETICLE, s. A small bag, made of net-work, or some 
 other material, (erroneously called a ridicule.) L. re- 
 ticulum, a little net; dim. oi rete, a net. 
 
 RETICULATED, adj. Made of net-work; or in the 
 form of the meshes of a net. L. reticulatus; from rete, 
 a net. 
 
 RETINUE, s. A number of persons retained by, and 
 attending on, a superior; a train. F. retenue, part, of 
 rctcnir, to retain. — See RETAIN. 
 
 RETIRE, -v. To withdraw, or retreat; to go to a place 
 of privacy. F. retirer; re, back, and tirer, to draw. 
 
 RETORT, s. A censure or incivility returned; a witty 
 or satirical reply: — a glass vessel, with a bent neck, 
 used by chemists in distilling. F. retorte; L. retortus, 
 p. part, of retorqueo: re, back, and torqueo, to writhe, 
 bend, or hurl. 
 
 RETRACT, -v. To recall; to recant, or change the 
 mind. L. retractum, sup. of retraho: re, back) and 
 traho, to draw. 
 
RET—REV 
 
 RETREAT, s. Act of going back, or retiring; place oi" 
 
 retirement or privacy. F. retraite; L. retractus^ p. 
 
 part, of retraho; re^ back, and iraho, to draw. 
 RETRENCH, v. To pare off"; to lessen. F. reirancher; 
 
 L. re, again, and trunco^ to lop off*. 
 RETRIBUTION, s. Repayment; atonement. F. retri- 
 
 button; L. retributus^ p. part, of rethbuo; re, back, 
 
 and tribuo^ to give or bestow. 
 RETRIEVE. IK To recover; to restore; to repair; to 
 
 regain. F. retrouver; comp. of re, again, and trouver^ 
 
 to find. 
 RETROCEDE. v. To go back; to reassign. L. retro- 
 
 cedo; retro^ backward, and cedo^ to depart, or yield. 
 RETROCESSION, s. Act of retroceding. L. retro- 
 
 cessum^ sup. of retrocedo. — See RETROCEDE. 
 RETROGRADE, -v. To go backward; to decline from 
 
 a state of improvement. L. retrogradior; retro^ back- 
 
 Avard, and gradior^ to go, or walk: gradua^ a step. 
 RETROGRESSION, s. Act of retrograding. L. re- 
 
 trogressus^ part, of retrogradior. — See RETRO- 
 GRADE. 
 RETROSPECT, s. Backward view; view of the past. 
 
 L. retro, backward, and spectum, sup. of sjiecio, to see, 
 
 or view. 
 RETURN. V. To turn back; to come, or go back; to 
 
 give back; to reply. L. re, again, and turn. (F. re- 
 
 tourner.') 
 REUNION, s. Return to a state of junction, cohesion, 
 
 or concord. ^. re, again, and union. 
 REVEAL. V. To uncover; to disclose; to inform from 
 
 Heaven. L. revelo; from re, back, and velum, a veil 
 
 or curtain. 
 REVELATION, s. Act of revealing; knowledge re- 
 
 vealed.—See REVEAL. 
 REVENUE, s. Income; annual return of profits, or 
 
 amount of national imposts or rents. F. revenu; L. 
 
 re, back, and veuio, to come. 
 REVERBERATE, v. To beat back; to rebound; (used 
 
 in relation to sound, or heat.) L. reverbero; re, back, 
 
 and verbero, to whip or beat : verber, a whip. 
 REVERBERATORY. s. An oven or furnace in which 
 
 the flame is confined by a dome, which occasions it 
 
REV— RHA 
 
 to rebound before it passes into the chimney.' — See 
 REVERBERATE. 
 
 REVERE. V. To reverence; to honour; to venerate. L. 
 revereor; re, meaning again, or in a great degree, and 
 -vereor^ to reverence, or fear. 
 
 REVERENCE, s. Veneration; respect; act of obei- 
 sance: — title of a clergyman. F. reverence; L. reve- 
 rentia; reverens^ part, of rex-ereor. — See REVERE. 
 
 REVEREND, adj. Venerable; deserving reverence; 
 also, an epithet applied to a clergyman. F. reverend: 
 L. reverendus, (part, of revereor,) to be revered. — See 
 REVERE. 
 
 R.E VERSE, s. Change; vicissitude; misfortune; an op- 
 posite. L. rever&us, p. part, of r ever to, See RE- 
 VERT. 
 
 REVERSION, s. Act of reverting. Y, reversion ; 1j. 
 reversio.-—^See, REV^ERSE. 
 
 REVERT. V. To return. L. reverto: re, back, and verto^ 
 to turn. 
 
 REVILE. V. To vilify; to treat v/ith contumely. L. re, 
 back, and vilis, vile. 
 
 REVISE. V. To review; to re-examine. L. revisum, 
 sup. oirevideo: comp. of re, again, and video, to see. 
 
 REVIVE. V. To return to life; to reanimate; to renew. 
 L. revivo: re, again, and vivo, to live. 
 
 REVOCATION, s. Act of revoking; state of being re- 
 voked; repeal, or reversal. L. revocatio: revocatus, 
 part, of rc'X'o CO. — See REVOKE. 
 
 REVOKE. V. To recall, or repeal; to reverse. L. revo- 
 co; re, back, and voco, to call. 
 
 -REVOLT. V. To desert; to refuse obedience; to turn 
 away in disgust. F. revolter; L. revolutus, p. part, of 
 revolvo; re, back, and volvo, to roll. 
 
 REVOLUTION. «. Course of any thing which returns 
 to the point at which it began to move; rotation; 
 change of government. F. revolution; L. revolutus, 
 p. part. o{ revolvo. — See REVOLVE. 
 
 REVOLVE. V. To roll in a circle; to roll around; to 
 consider, L. revolvo; from re, back, or again, and 
 volvo., to roll. 
 
 RHABDOLOGY. s. Computation by Napier's rods. 
 G. r/iabdosj a rod, and lo^os, a word. 
 
RHE— .RIT 
 
 RHETORIC, s. The art of speaking with propriety ami 
 elegance; oratory. G. rhetorike; rhetor^ an orator: 
 from rheo^ fdlcoj to speak. 
 
 RHEUM, s. A thin watery matter oozing through the 
 glands. G. rheuma; from rheo^ (JluoJ to flow. 
 
 RHEUMATISM, s. A painful distemper, supposed to 
 proceed from acrid humours, or rheum. G. rheuma- 
 tis?nos — See RHEUM. 
 
 RHYME, s. Harmonical succession of sounds; gene- 
 rally applied to that species of poetry, in which the 
 last sound of one line corresponds with the last sound 
 or syllable of another : but, the etymology of the word 
 
 includes even what is called blank verse. See 
 
 RHYTHMUS. 
 
 RHYTHMICAL, adj. Harmonical; having one sound 
 proportioned to another. — See RHYTHMUS. 
 
 RHYTHMUS. s. Metre; harmonical succession of 
 sounds, either in prose or verse. L. rythwus ; G. 
 rhiLtkinos^ a rule. 
 
 RIDICULE, s. Wit, or jeering, of tha.t species which 
 excites disrespectful laughter. F. ridicule; L. ridicu- 
 lum; from rideo^ to laugh., 
 
 RIDICULOUS, adj. Promoting ridicule; worthy of 
 contemptuous laughter. L. ridiculus. See RIDI- 
 CULE. 
 
 RIGHT, adj. According to rule; proper; just; true: — 
 the right hand is so called, because it is that Avhich is 
 used according to rule or usual custom. Derived, 
 through the Saxon, from the L. rectus^ p. part, of 
 rego., to rule. 
 
 RIGID, adj. Severe; inflexible; extremely strict, F. 
 rigide ; L. rigidiis ; from rigeo, to be very cold or 
 frozen. 
 
 RIGOROUS, adj. Extremely cold; rigid; severe; ex- 
 tremely strict See RIGOUR. 
 
 RIGOUR, s. Severe coldness; severity; extreme strict- 
 ness. L. rigor; rigeo, to be very cold, or frozen. 
 
 RISIBLE, adj. Having the faculty or power of laugh- 
 ing ; exciting laughter. F. risible; L. risibilis; rideo., 
 to laugh. 
 
 RITE. s. Solemn act of religion; external observance. 
 L. r/Yz/5, a rite or religious ceremony. 
 
RIT— RUB 
 
 RITUAL, s. A book in which are written the rites and 
 observances of religion. L. ritualis. — See RITE. 
 
 ROBUST, adj. Strong; sinewy; vigorous. L. robustus; 
 robiir^ oak, of the hardest kind. 
 
 RODOMONTADE, s. A vain, noisy, bluster or boast; 
 a rant. F. rodomontade; from a boasting, boisterous 
 hero, of the Italian poet, Ariosto, called, Rodomonte. 
 
 ROGATION, s. Supplication; church-litany. L. roga- 
 tio; from rogo^ to entreat. 
 
 ROSTRUM. 5. The scaffold from which the Roman 
 orators harangued. When Camiilus overcame An- 
 tium, the capital of the Volsci, he carried the prows 
 or beaks of their ships to Rome, and placed them 
 in the Forum, on a tribunal, — -thence called Rostrum^ 
 signifying the beak of a ship. 
 
 ROTARY, adj. Moving around as a wheel. L. rota., a 
 wheel. 
 
 ROTATION, s. The act of turning round like awheel; 
 succession, so that when the last has completed a 
 duty, the first v/ill recommence, and each will continue 
 to repeat in his turn. L. rotatio : from rotatus^ p. 
 part, of roto^ to turn round like a wheel : rota,, a 
 wheel. 
 
 ROTUNDA, or ROTUNDO. s. A circular building, 
 such as the Pantheon of Rome. L. rotu?2dusj, round : 
 rota, a wheel. 
 
 ROTUNDITY, s. Roundness. L. rotunditas; rotundics. 
 round; rota., a wheel. ^ 
 
 ROUGE, s. Red paint, for the face. F. rouge^ red. 
 
 ROUND, adj. Circular; spherical; sounding smoothly; 
 not precisely expressed, but denoted, through conve- 
 nience, chiefly by rou?id numbers., or figures; — as, 
 5000, instead of '5123. F. ro?id; L. rotiuidus; from 
 rota., a wheel. 
 
 ROUTE, s. Way; road; order, and direction for march- 
 ing. F. route., a way. 
 
 ROUTINE, s. Established mode, or practice. F. — See 
 ROUTE. 
 
 ROYAL, adj. Kingly; regal. F. from roi^ (formerly roi/,) 
 a king. 
 
 RUBRIC, s. Directions, printed in books of law, and in 
 
RUB— SAC 
 
 prayer-books; originally distinguished by being in red 
 ink. L. rubrica; ruber, red. 
 
 RUBY. s. A precious stone, of a red colour. L. ruber, 
 red. 
 
 RUDE. adj. Untaught; in a state of nature; barbarous; 
 of coarse manners; uncivil; unpolished; boisterous. L. 
 rtidis, new, or fresh. 
 
 RUDIMENTS, s. First principles; elements of science; 
 first parts of education. L. rudimentum, the first rules : 
 rudis, new or fresh, and meiis, a design. 
 
 RUIN. s. Fall or destruction; remains of something de- 
 molished. F. mine; L. ruina, from ruo, to fall. 
 
 RUMINATE. V. To chew the cud; to consider again 
 and again. L. rumirio, to chew over again. 
 
 RUMOUR, s. Popular report. L. rumor; ruo, to rush, 
 
 RUPTURE, s. Act of breaking or bursting; state of 
 being broken or burst; breach of peace; open hos- 
 tility. F. ru/iture: L. rufitus, p. part, of rumjio, to 
 break or burst. 
 
 RURAL, adj. Relating or pertaining to the country. 
 F. rural; L. ruralis : from ruris, gen. of rus, the 
 country. 
 
 RUSE DE GUERRE. A trick of war; a stratagem. 
 F. ruse, a trick, de, of, guerre, war. 
 
 RUSTIC, adj. Rural; clownish. L. rusticus; from rus, 
 the country. 
 
 RUSTICATE. V. To reside in the country; to acquire 
 the manners of the country. L. rusticor. — See RUS- 
 TIC. 
 
 SACCHARINE, adj. Having the qualities of sugar. L, 
 saccharum, sugar. 
 
 SACERDOTAL, adj. Relating or pertaining to the 
 priesthood. L. sacerdotalis: sacerdos, a priest; comp. 
 of sacer, sacred, and dos, a portion. 
 
 SACRAMENT, s. A religious ceremony; the eucha- 
 rist. L. sacramentinn; sacer, sacred, and mens, a de- 
 sign. 
 
SAC—SAL 
 
 SACRED, adj. Holy; devoted to religious uses; not lu 
 be violated; consecrated. L. sacer^ sacred. 
 
 SACRIFICE. V. To offer to Heaven; to kill at the altar 
 as an atonement or propitiation; to destroy or give up 
 for the sake of something else, or through rashness or 
 misconduct. L. sacrifico: sacer, sacred, and facio, to 
 make. 
 
 SACRILEGE, s. The crime of appropriating, to one- 
 self, what is devoted to religion ; or of violating or pro- 
 faning sacred things. L. sacrilegium: comp. of sacer<, 
 holy, and lego^ to gather, or steal. 
 
 SACRISTY, s. An apartment, in which are deposited 
 the consecrated vessels or moveables of a church. F. 
 sacristie; L. sacrisy gen. of sacer^ sacred. 
 
 SAFE. adj. Free from danger ; free from hurt ; confer- 
 ring security: — s. a place for meat, &c. F. sauf; L. 
 salvus, safe. 
 
 SAGACIOUS, adj. When applied to mere animals, de- 
 notes quick of scent, or having a more extended men- 
 tal faculty than is usually possessed by brutes. — Men 
 are sagacious when they are quick of thought, or acute 
 in discovering. L. sagax, quick-scented. 
 
 SAGITTARIUS, s. One of the twelve signs of the 
 zodiac. L. Sagittarius^ an archer: sagitta, an arrow. 
 
 SAINT. 5. A person revered for piety and virtue. F. 
 saint; L. sanctus, holy or pious: from the p. part, of 
 sancio, to make sacred. 
 
 SALAMMONIAC. s. A species of salt, formerly dug 
 from the sands in some parts of Africa; an artificial 
 salt, named muriate of ammonia. L. sal, salt, and G. 
 aminos, sand. 
 
 SALIANT. adj. In heraldry, denotes in a leaping pos- 
 ture. F.—See SALIENT. 
 
 SALIENT, adj. Leaping; moving by leaps; — in forti- 
 fication, projecting. L. saliens, part, of salio, to leap. 
 
 SALIFIABLE, adj. Capable of combining with acids 
 and forming salts. L. sal, salt, andj^o, to become. 
 
 SALINE, adj. Partaking of the properties of salt. L. 
 salinus; from sal, salt. 
 
 SALIVA. 5. That which flows from the mouth; juice 
 separated by the salival glands. L. saliva^ spittle. 
 
SAL— SAN 
 
 SALIVATE, v. To purge by the salival glands. L. &//- 
 //Vo._See SALIVA. 
 
 SALLY, s. Sortie; rapid egress, as from a place be- 
 sieged ; volatile or sprightly exertion of wit. F. sallie: 
 L. salio, to leap. 
 
 SALUBRIOUS, adj. Wholesome; promoting health. 
 L. salubris: salus^ health. 
 
 SALUTARY, adj. Contributing to safety ; advantage- 
 ous. L. salutaris: from salutis, gen. of salus, health, 
 or safety. 
 
 SALUTE, v. To greet ; to hail ; to honour in a mili- 
 tary way, by a discharge of guns, a present' of arms, 
 Sec. L. saluto:. salics, health. 
 
 SALVABLE. adj. Possible to be saved. L. salvo, to 
 save. 
 
 SALVAGE, s. Recompense for saving goods from a 
 wreck, or a ship from being lost, when found at sea 
 without any living person on board. F. from the L. 
 salvo, to save. 
 
 SALVATION, s. Preservation ; saving of the soul from 
 eternal misery. L. salvo, to save. 
 
 SALVE, s. A remedy ; a remedial plaster. L. salvo, to 
 save. 
 
 SALVO, s. An exception ; a resqrvation. L. abl. of 
 salvus, safe ; that is, saved, or excepted. 
 
 SANATIVE, adj. Curing; healing. L,. sano, to heal. 
 
 SANCTIFY, v. To make holy. F. saiictl/icr; L. sanc- 
 tijico: sanctus, holy, and facio, to make. 
 
 SANCTIMONY, s. Holiness; appearance of holiness. 
 L. sancti77ionia: sanctus, holy.— See SAINT. 
 
 SANCTION, s. Solemn confirniation ; countenance. L. 
 sanctio: sanctus, p. part, of sancio, to make sacred. 
 
 SANCTITY, s. Holiness; purity. L. sanctitas. — See 
 SAINT. 
 
 SANCTUARY. .9. A sacred or holy place; properly 
 the most retired and awful part of a temple ; sacred 
 asylum. L. sanctuariuin: sanctus, p. part, of sancio, 
 to make sacred. 
 
 SJjVCTUM SA.YCTORUM. The Holy of Holies, or 
 most holy place ; that part of a temple which is pro- 
 hibited to be entered, or looked into, L, 
 [23] 
 
SAN— SAT 
 
 bANE. adj. Healthy; of sound mind. L. sanus^ whole, 
 or sound. 
 
 SAj\^G FROID. 5. Coolness ; indifference; apathy. F. 
 sang^ blood, and yroif/, cold. 
 
 SANGUINARY, adj. Bloody ; cruel ; murderous. L. 
 sdngidnarius^: sanguinis,, gen. of sanguis^ blood. 
 
 SANGUINE, s. Red; having the colour of blood; 
 abounding with blood ; warm ; ardent ; confident. L. 
 sanguineus; from sajiguinis^ gen. of sanguis^ blood. 
 
 SANITY, s. Soundness of mind ; opposed to insanity. 
 L. sanitas. — See SANE. 
 
 SJJVS. prep. Without. F. 
 
 SANSCULOTTES, s. A reproachful name given to 
 one of the parties of France, in the period which suc- 
 ceeded the revolution of 1789. F. sa-ns., without, cu- 
 lotte, breeches. 
 
 SAPIENT, adj. Wise. L. sapie?is^ part, oi sapio^ to be 
 wise. 
 
 SAPONACEOUS, adj. Soapy ; having the qualities of 
 soap. L. sap07iisj g^^i* of sapo, soap. 
 
 SARCASM, s. A keen reproach ; a taunt. F. sarcasine; 
 L. sarcasinus; G. sarkasinos: from sarkazo^ to draw 
 aside the flesh, or grin; sarx^ flesh. 
 
 SARCOTIC. adj. Incarnative ; having the quality of 
 filling up sores with new flesh. G. sarx.^ flesh. 
 
 SATELLITE, s. An attendant, (in an evil sense ;) a 
 small planet revolving around a larger. L. satelics, a 
 species of soldiers, or a partisan. 
 
 SATIATE, r. To satisfy ; to glut, or fill beyond natu- 
 ral desire. L. satio: G. satto., to burthen. 
 
 SATIETY, s. Fulness, beyond desire or pleasure ; more 
 than enough. L. satietas. — See SATIATE. 
 
 SATIPvE. s. A poem, (or prosaic discourse,) in which 
 wickedness or folly is censured. L. satyra, or satira: 
 G. saturos^ a sylvan god. This kind of poem is of 
 very ancient date ; and (according to Horace) was 
 introduced, into the Greek tragedies, by way of inter- 
 lude, to relieve the audience from the force of those 
 strokes which were thought too deep and affecting. 
 In these satirical interludes, the scene was laid in the 
 country, and the persons v>^cre rural deities, satyrs^ 
 peasants, Scq. 
 
SAT— SCH 
 
 SATISFACTION. *. Act of fully satisfying, or state 
 of being satisfied ; release from suspense ; recompense 
 for an injury. L. satisfactio. — See SATISFY. 
 
 SATISFY, -v. To content; to recompense; to appease 
 by punishment ; to free from doubt, perplexity, or 
 suspense ; to convince. L. satisfacio: comp. of satis^ 
 enough, andyac/o, to make. 
 
 SATURATE, v. To impregnate, until no more can be 
 received or imbibed. L. saturo: from satur, full-fed. 
 
 SAT URN I AN. adj. Happy ; golden ; used by the poets 
 in relation to times of felicity, such as are fabulously 
 related to have been in the days of Saturn^ when he 
 is said to have reigned in Italy. 
 
 SATURNINE, adj. Gloomy; grave; of severe tem- 
 per ; supposed to be born under the dominion of the 
 planet Saturn. L. saturninus. 
 
 SAVAGE, adj. Wild ; uncultivated ; uncivilized ; bar- 
 barous ; ci^uel. F. sauvag-e; L. sijlva^ a wood. 
 
 SAVE. V. To preserve from danger or destruction; to 
 reserve or lay by; to except. F. sauver; L. salvo, to 
 preserve. 
 
 SAVE, fire/i. Except ; not including. Imperative of the 
 verb save. 
 
 SCALADE. s. Entry of a fortified place by means of 
 ladders. F. from the L. scaia, a ladder. 
 
 SCALE. V. To enter by means of a ladder; to climb 
 as by a ladder. L. scala, a ladder. 
 
 SCALE, s. Regular gradation ; regular series, rising 
 like a ladder; a figure subdivided bylines like the 
 steps of a ladder, used in measuring proportions ; se- 
 ries of harmonic proportions, Sec. L. scala, a ladder, 
 
 SCANDAL, s. Offence given by the faults of others; 
 reproachful aspersion; infamy. L. scandalum; G. 
 skandalon: skazo, to halt, or be maimed. 
 
 SCEPTIC, s. One who assents or believes only after 
 seeing unquestionable evidence. F. sceptiguej G. 
 ski'/fdkos: from skejitomai, to look around. 
 
 SCEPTRE, s. A kind of royal staff, or batoon, now 
 used only on solemn occasions. L. scejitrum; G. 
 skefitron; from skefito, to lean upon. 
 
 SCHEME. 8. Plan; project; contrivance. Q. schema^ 
 a manner. 
 
SCH—SCO 
 
 SCHISM, s. Separation or division, arising from dis- 
 cordant opinions. G. schisma: from schizo^ to cleave. 
 
 SCHISMATIC, s. One v^ho has separated in conse- 
 quence of holding a different opinion. — See SCHISM. 
 
 SCHOLAR, s. Member of a school ; one who learns oi" 
 
 a master ; a disciple ; a man of letters. See 
 
 SCHOOL. 
 
 SCHOLIUiNI. s. A note; an explanatory observation. 
 L. from the G. scholion. — See SCHOOL. 
 
 SCHOOL, s. A place of discipline and instruction ; sys- 
 tem of doctrine, peculiar to any teacher. L. schola; 
 G. schole^ retirement, leisure. 
 
 SCIATER. 5. An instrument used in designing. G. 
 skia^ a shadow. 
 
 SCIENCE, s. Knowledge ; any species of knowledge. 
 Science is theoretical knowledge ; Art is practical 
 knowledge. Botany is a science ; Gardening, an art. 
 F. science; L. scieiitia: sciens^ part, of sc/o, to knov.^. 
 
 SCIENTIFIC, or SCIENTIFICAL. adj. Producing 
 demonstrative or certain knowledge ; philosophical ; 
 not mechanical. F. scientifique ; L. scientia.) know- 
 ledge, and /acio, to make. See SCIENCE. 
 
 SCINTILLATE. x\ To emit sparks. L. scintillo; sci?i- 
 iilla, a spark : scbido^ to break ofi', or divide. 
 
 SCIOLIST, adj. One who knows many things superfi- 
 cially. L. scio.) to know. 
 
 SCIOPTIC. adj. Pertaining to an instrument used in 
 the cam,era obscura. G. akia.^ a shadow, ojiiomai^ to 
 
 SCO. 
 
 SCIRE FACIAS. The name given to a judicial writ, 
 ordering the defendant to show cause, why the execu- 
 tion should not be made out of a judgment which has 
 passed. h.J'ucias^ you must cause [us,] scirej to know : 
 scio, d.nc] ^facio.' 
 
 SCLEROTIC, adj. Hard; an epithet applied to one of 
 the coats of the eye. F. sclerotiaue; G. skelos^ hard. 
 
 SCORIA. .5. Dross ; recrement. L. scoria; G. skoria; 
 skoTj dung. 
 
 SCORPIO, s. One of the twelve signs of the zodiac. 
 L. scor/iio, a scorpion. 
 
 SCOTOMY. s. A dizziness of the head, which causes 
 dimness of sigiu. G. skofo?na: skoto-Oy to darken. 
 
SCO— SEC 
 
 SCOURGE, s. A whip ; an instrument of punishment; a 
 punishment ; one that harasses, or destroys. F. esconr- 
 tree; L. corrigia; from corrigo^ to correct : con^ with, 
 and rcgOy to rule. 
 
 SCRIBBLE. V. To write without use or elegance; to 
 write carelessly or ill. L. scribillo: scribo^ to write. 
 
 SCRIBE, s. A writer. This term was much used be- 
 fore the invention of printing. L, scriba^ a writer. 
 
 SCRIPTURE, s. Sacred writing ; (plural,) the Bible. 
 L. scj'ijitura: scribo^ to write. 
 
 SCRIVENER, s. One who writes contracts ; one who 
 writes under the superintendence of an attorney. L. 
 scribo^ to write. 
 
 SCRUPLE, s. Doubt ; difficulty of determination, gene- 
 rally respecting minute things; twenty grains ; prover- 
 bially, any small quantity. L. scrupulus; from scrii- 
 tor^ to search diligently, or explore. 
 
 SCRU TABLE, adj. Discoverable by inquiry. L. scru- 
 tor, to search diligently, or explore. ^ 
 
 SCRUTINY, s. Minute search, or examination. L. scru- 
 tifiinm: scrutoj^^ to search diligently, or explore. 
 
 SCRUTOIRE. s. A cabinet for writings. F. ecritoire, 
 (formerly escritoire:) ecrire, to write. 
 
 SCULPTOR. 5. A carver ; one who cuts wood or stone 
 into images. L. sculfitor: scul/itiis, p. part, oi sculjio, 
 to carve, or grave. 
 
 SCURRILOUS, adj. Grossly opprobrious; vile; low. 
 L. scurrilis: scurra^ a scoffer : G, skurro, to weary 
 or vex. 
 
 SEBACIC. adj, Sebacic acid is procured from animal 
 fat. L. sebaceus; sebutn., tallow. 
 
 SEBATES. s. Salts formed by the sebacic acid, when 
 combined with alkalies, earths, and metallic oxides.— 
 See SEBACIC. 
 
 SECANT, s. A right line drawn from the centre of j 
 circle, meeting and cutting another line, without it, 
 called the tangent. L. secans^ part, of seco^ to cut. 
 
 SECEDE. X'. To withdraw, in consequence of holding a 
 
 • different opinion. L. secedo; «e, denoting separation, 
 and cedo^ to depart. 
 
 SECESSION, s. Act of seceding. L. secessio, — Sec 
 SECEDE. 
 
 [23*3 
 
SEC— SEC 
 
 SECLUDE. -V. To shut up, or confine from ; to with- 
 draw ; to exclude. L. secludo; comp. qi se^ denoting 
 separation, and claudo., to shut. 
 
 SECOND, adj. Following next in order to the first ; the 
 ordinal of two ; inferior. F. second; L. secundus; from 
 sec/uor^ to follow. 
 
 SECOND, s. One who is not a principal, but a sup- 
 porter or abettor ; one who accompanies another in a 
 duel ; a sixtieth part of a minute, formerly called a 
 second minute. — See the adjective. 
 
 SECONDARY, adj. Not primary ; following the first ; 
 subordinate ; not of the first order. L. secu7idarius. — 
 See SECOND. 
 
 SE'CRET. adj. Retired ; private ; unseen ; hidden ; un- 
 reveaied. F. secret: L. secretiis^ part, of secerno^ to 
 put asunder : se^ asunder, and cerno^ to sift. 
 
 SECRETARY, s. One entrusted with the secrets^ or 
 the management of business ; one who writes for an- 
 other ; a writing desk, or cabinet for holding valuable 
 papers. L. secretarius. — See SECRET. 
 
 SECRETE'. V. To hide ; (in the animal economy,) to 
 separate. — See SECRET. 
 
 SECRETION, s. That agency in the animal economy 
 which consists in secreting or separating the various 
 fluids of the body; the fluid secreted. See SE- 
 CRETE. 
 
 SECT. s. A separate body, or subdivision of persons, 
 holding an opinion different from the society from 
 which they have separated. F. secte; L. 5cc?«.— -See 
 SECTION. 
 
 SECTION, s. A part divided from the rest ; a division. 
 L. sectio; sectus, p. part, of seco^ to cut. 
 
 S?lCTO'R. s. In geometry, a mathematical instrument, 
 for describing or measuring angles. L. from scctus, 
 p. part, of seco, to cut, or divide. 
 
 SECULAR, adj. Relating to affairs of this v/orld ; not- 
 spiritual : — in the church of Rome, not bound by mo- 
 nastic rules. L. secularis; seculum^ an age or period 
 of man's life : secula^ a scythe, (from seco.^ to cut :)» 
 alluding to the emblematical scythe of Time. 
 
 SECUjY'dUM ARTEM. According to art. L. 
 
SEC— SEN 
 
 SECURE, adj. Using no care to avert clanger; without 
 fear ; confident ; safe ; sufficiently confined to prevent 
 escape. L. seciwits; se^ asunder, and cura^ care. 
 
 SEDATE, adj. Still; calm; serene; grave. L. sedatiiHj 
 p. part, of sedo., to allay : scdeo^ to sit. 
 
 SEDENTARY, adj. Passed in sitting still ; without 
 motion or action. L. sedentarius; sedeo^ to sit. 
 
 SEDIMENT, s. That which subsides to, or rests at the 
 bottom. F. stdimcnt; L. sedimentum; nedeo, to sit, or 
 rest on. 
 
 SEDITION, s. Mutiny ; treasonable conspiracy. L. se- 
 dition from sedeo, to sit : that is, to sit together, or 
 convene. 
 
 SEDUCE. V. To lead from duty or allegiance; to al- 
 lure ; to betray ; to dishonour. L. seduco; se, asunder, 
 and duco, to lead. 
 
 SEDUCTION, s. Act of seducing. F. seduction; L. 
 sediictusy p. part, oi seduco. — See SEDUCE. 
 
 SEDULOUS, adj. Assiduous; industrious. L. sedulus; 
 sedeo, to sit. 
 
 SEGMENT, s. A figure contained between a chord and 
 an arch of a circle, or so much of a circle as is cut off 
 by the chord. F. segment; L. segmentum; from seco, 
 to cut. 
 
 SELECT, adj. Chosen; chosen on account of superior 
 excellence. L. seiectus, p. part, oi selego: scy asunder, 
 and lego, flegere,J to choose. 
 
 SELENOGRAPHY, s. A description of the moon. G. 
 selene, the moon, and gra/i/io, to write. 
 
 SEMBLANCE, s. Likeness ; resemblance ; figure. F. 
 semblance; L. sifnilis, like. 
 
 SEMI. s. A word which, used in composition, signifies 
 half; as, semidiameter^ half the diameter. L. 
 
 SEMINAL, adj. Relating or pertaining to seed. L. semi- 
 nalis; seminisy gen. oi se?ne7i, seed. 
 
 SEMINAP».Y. s. The ground in which seeds are sown, 
 with a design of transplanting their produce ; place of 
 education, where the seeds of knowledge, and of fu- 
 ture usefulness and good conduct, are sown. L. se7ni- 
 narium; from scmeji^ seed. 
 
 SENATE, s. An assembly of state counsellors or legis- 
 
SEN— SEN 
 
 iators, chosen on account of their mature age, and 
 consequently greater experience, -svisdoni, and pru- 
 dence. L. senatus; senejc, an old man. 
 
 SENILE, adj. Relatin,^ or pertaining to old age. L. 
 senilis; seniu?n, oFd age. 
 
 SENIOR, adj. The elder, (opposed to junior.) L. se- 
 nior, compar. oi senejc, old. 
 
 SENSATION, s. Perception or feeling through the 
 senses. L. sensatio. — .See SENSE. 
 
 SENSE, s. Faculty or power by which external objects 
 are perceived or felt by the mind. The senses are 
 five in number ; — sight, touch, hearing, smell, and 
 taste. But this term is applied more extensively in 
 common discourse, though restricted, as here defined, 
 by metaphysicians. L. sensus; from a part, of sentio^ 
 to discern by the senses. 
 
 SENSIBLE, adj. Having the power of perceiving by 
 the senses ; perceptible by the senses ; state of having 
 perceived by the senses. — See SENSE. 
 
 SENSITIVE, adj. Having sense or perception, but not 
 reason; affected by contact, or the touch, as a sensi- 
 tive plant. F. sensitif. — See SENSE. 
 
 SENSORIUM, or SENSORY, s. The part whence the 
 senses transmit their perceptions to the mind; the seat 
 of sense. L. — -See SENSE. 
 
 SENSUAL, adj. Affecting or pertaining to the senses, 
 but not to the mind ; carnal ; luxurious ; lewd. F. sen- 
 suel. — See SENSE. 
 
 SENTENCE, s. Determination or decision, as of a 
 judge ; doom ; so many w.ords as express a sentiment 
 or occurrence fully, and according to the rules of 
 grammar. F. sentence; L. sententia, an opinion : from 
 sentio, to be sensible of, or think. 
 
 SENTENTIOUS, ac//". Abounding with sentences, ax- 
 ioms, and maxims, — short and energetic. L. sententio- 
 sus — See SENTENCE. 
 
 SENTIENT, adj. Perceiving; having perception. L. 
 sentiens, part, of sentio, to perceive through the 
 senses. 
 
 SENTIMENT, s. Conception of the mind; notion; 
 opinion ; meaning, considered distinctly from the Ian- 
 
SEN— SER 
 
 g-uag-e. F. sentiment; L. sentio, to think, or suppose, 
 . and ?nens, the nriind. 
 SENTINEL, s. One who -watches or guards, to prevent 
 
 surprise or theft. F. senthielle; L. seritio, to discern. 
 SENTRY. 6'. A sentinel.— See SENTINEL. 
 SEPARATE. V. To sever a part from the rest ; to dis- 
 unite ; to withdraw. L. sejiaro; se, asunder, and /2aro, 
 
 to make. 
 SEPTANGULAR, adj. Having seven angles. L. se/i- 
 
 tem^ seven, and angii/us, an angle. 
 SEPTEMBER. .?. The seventh month, when the year 
 
 began in March. L. from se/item, seven. 
 SEPTENNIAL, cc//. Lasting seven years; happening 
 
 once in seven years. L. sejiten?nsj sejitem, seven, and 
 
 annus., a year. 
 SEPTIC, or SEPTICAL. adj. Corrupting; causing 
 
 putrefaction ; L. sejiticus; G. sejitikos; from sepo^ to 
 
 putrefy. 
 SEPTUAGINT. s. The ancient Greek version of the 
 
 Old Testament ; so called, as being the work of about 
 
 seventy (seventy-two,) interpreters, L. se^tuaginta^ 
 
 seventy. 
 SEPTUPLE, adj. Sevenfold. L. septuplex; comp. of 
 
 sejitem^ seven, and diijilex^ double. 
 SEPULCHRE, s. A grave, or tomb. L. sepulcrum; 
 
 sefiultus^ p. part, oi scjiello., to bury. 
 SEPULTURE, s. Burial. F. sepulture; L. scjiulturaj 
 
 sefiiiltus., p. part, oi sepeliOy to bury. 
 SEQUACIOUS, cr/;. Foliov/ing ; attendant ; pliant. L. 
 
 scquacis^ gen. oi sequaa:; sequor, to follow'. 
 SEQUEL. 5. Succeeding part ; consequence ; event. F. 
 
 segiielle; L. seguor, to follow^ 
 SEQUENCE, s. Order of succession ; series. L. se- 
 
 quens., part, of sequor, to follow^ 
 SERENE, adj. Calm; placid; unruffled. L. serenus^ 
 
 clear, without clouds. 
 SERIATIM. According to place or seniority. L. from 
 
 series^ an order, concatenation, or course. 
 SERIES. .9. Succession ; order; course. L. series., an 
 
 order, a conca.tenation, a course. 
 SERIOUS, adj. Grave; solemn ; in earnest ; important. 
 
 L. serius, grave, earnest. 
 
SER— SEV 
 
 SERMON. *. A religious or moral discourse, pronounced 
 or composed generally by a clergyman. F. sermo?!; 
 L. sefvno, discourse, talk. 
 
 SEROUS, odj. Thin ; watery ; relating or pertaining to 
 the serum. L. serosus; serum^ whey. 
 
 SERPENT, s. An animal that moves by undulation, 
 without legs. L. ser/ieyis^ part, o^ serpo^ to creep. 
 
 SERPENTINE, adj. Resembling a serpent ; winding 
 like a serpent. L. serfientimis. — See SERPENT. 
 
 SERRATE, or SERRATED, adj. Indented like the 
 edge of a saw. L. scrratus; serra^ a saw. 
 
 SERUM, s. In anatomy, a thin, transparent, saltish li- 
 quor, which makes a considerable quantity of the mass 
 of blood. L. serumy whey. 
 
 SERVANT, s. One who is under an obligation to work 
 for another. F. servant. — See SERVE. 
 
 SERVE. V. To work for ; to attend at command ; to 
 obey ; to supply with food or table furniture, ceremo- 
 niously ; to supply; to aid ; to prom.ote ; to content; 
 to deliver, as in the case of a summons. L. servio; 
 servusy a bond servant : servo, to keep, heed, or de- 
 fend. 
 
 SERVICE, s. Act of serving; time of serving; public 
 office of devotion; employment; benefit, Sec. F. ser- 
 vice; L. servitium. — See SERVE. 
 
 SERVILE, adj. Slavish ; dependent ; mean ; fawning 
 or cringing. L. servilis.—^^ee SERVE. 
 
 SERVITOR. 6'. One who acts under another; one of 
 the lowest order in a university. F. serviteur. — See 
 SERVE. 
 
 SESS. «.— -See CESS. 
 
 SESSION, s. A stated assembly of magistrates, legisla- 
 tors, divines, ^c. ; the space during which the as- 
 sembly sits. F. session; L. sessio; from sedeo, to sit. 
 
 SETACEOUS, adj. Bristly; set with strong hairs; 
 consisting of strong hairs. L. sela, a bristle. 
 
 SETON. s. A hair, or thread of silk, inserted in the 
 flesh, to cause a discharge of humour. F. set on; L. 
 seta, a bristle, or strong hair. 
 
 SEVER. V. To separate ; to disjoin. F. sevrer; L, ^f - 
 Jiaro; se, asunder, iiud Jiaro, to make. 
 
SEV— -SIG 
 
 SEVERAL, adj. Different ; distinct ; particular ; sin- 
 gle ; divers ; many. — See SEVER. 
 
 SEX. *. The property by which any animal or plant is 
 male or female ; gender, as regards male and female. 
 F. sexe; L. sexus; sectus^ p. part, of seco^ to cut, or 
 divide. 
 
 SEXAGESIMA. adj. Relating to the second Sunday 
 before Lent ; so called as being about the sixtieth day 
 before Easter. L. fem. of sexagesimus^ the sixtieth. 
 
 SEX ANGULAR, adj. Having six angles. L. sex, six, 
 and angulus^ an angle. 
 
 SEXENNIAL, adj. Lasting six years; happening once 
 in six years. L. sex, six, and annus, a year. 
 
 SEXTANT, s. The sixth part of a circle; an astro- 
 nomical instrument formed like a quadrant, (of 99 
 degrees,) but the limb of which comprehends 60 de- 
 grees, or the sixth part of a circle. L. sextans, a sixth 
 part : sex, six. 
 
 SEXTILE. adj. Relating to the position of two planets, 
 when at 60 degrees distance (the sixth of a circle,) 
 from each other. L. sextilis: from sex, six. 
 
 SEXTUPLE, adj. Sixfold ; six times told. L. sextu- 
 filus: sex, six, and duplex, double. 
 
 SIBILANT, adj. Hissing. L. sibilans, patt. of sibilo, 
 to hiss. 
 
 SICCATION. s. Act of drying. L. siccatus, p. part, of 
 sicco, to dry. 
 
 SIDERAL. adj. Starry ; astral. L. sideralis; sideris, 
 gen. of sidns, a star. 
 
 SIDEROGRAPHIC. adj. Relating to the art of en- 
 graving or impressing letters and other figures on 
 iron or steel ; an art brought to a very high state of 
 perfection, if not invented, by Perkins, & Co. of Phila- 
 delj)hia. G. sideros, iron, and g-rajiho, to write. 
 
 SIGN. s. A mark ; that by which any thing is shown ; 
 an omen. F. signe; L. sign urn, a mark. 
 
 SIGN. V. To affix or subjoin one's hand -writing or 
 seal, as evidence of identity or ratification; to signify. 
 — See the substantive. 
 
 SIGNAL, s. Notice given by a sign ; a sign that gives 
 notice ; adj. conspicuous ; remarkable, F. signal. — 
 See SIGN. 
 
SIG— SIN 
 
 SIGNATURE, s. A sign or mark impressed upon any 
 thing; sign-manual. F. signature; L. signatiira. — 
 See SIGN. 
 
 SIGNET, s. A seal, generally used for the seal-manual 
 of a prince. F. signette; dimin. of signe^ a mark. — 
 See SIGN. 
 
 SIGNIFY. V. To declare by some sign or token ; to 
 express; to import. F. signijier; L. significo; comp. 
 of signum, a sign, and/acio, to make. 
 
 SILEX. s. Flint. L. 
 
 SILICEOUS, adj. Having the nature of silex or flint. 
 L. siliceus, or siliciiis: silicls, gen. of silejc, a flint 
 stone. 
 
 SILVAN, or SYLVAN, adj. Woody ; shady ; retaining 
 or pertaining to woods. L. sili>a, or sylva, a wood. 
 
 SIMILAR, adj. Like; resembling. T. si?n?7«zre; L. si- 
 milisy like. 
 
 SIMILE', s. A comparison, by which any thing is il- 
 lustrated or made more striking to the understanding. 
 L. si?7nl7s, like. 
 
 SIMILITUDE. 5. Likeness ; resemblance ; comparison. 
 L. si77iilitudo: from similis^ like. 
 
 SIMONY, s. The crime of buying or selling church 
 preferments ; so called, from the resemblance it is 
 said to bear to the sin of Simon Magus, who, upon 
 seeing the miraculous effects of the laying on of the 
 apostles' hands, offered them money ; saying, " Give 
 me, also, this power," Sec. — Luke. 
 
 SIMPLE, adj. Single ; uncompounded ; plain ; artless ; 
 unskilled; silly. F. simple; L. simplex: comp. oi sin- 
 gulus, single, and plico, to fold. 
 
 SIMULATION, s. Act of assuming the appearance of 
 some particular character, with the intention of de- 
 ceiving. F. simulation; L. siinulatio: si?}iulaius, p. 
 part, of simulo: si?nilis, like. 
 
 SIMULTANEOUS, adj. Acting together ; acting at the 
 same time. L. simultaneus; from simul, together, and 
 teneo^ to hold. 
 
 SINECURE, s. An office which has revenue without 
 any care or employment. L. sine^ without, cura^ care. 
 
 SIJVJE' DIE. When a business is adjourned sine die, 
 
SIN— -soe 
 
 no day is appointed for its reconsideration. L. sine^ 
 Avithout, die^ (abl. oi dies^) a day, 
 
 SLYIC' QUA ./VO./V. A sine qua non (without which, 
 not,) is an indispensable condition, — without whicii 
 being acceded, one of the parties is predetermined 
 not to sign a treaty or compact: thus, the ""Acknow- 
 ledgment of the independence of the United States'* 
 was a si7ie qua noyi^ proposed and obtained by the 
 American commissioners at Paris in 1782-3. L. 
 
 SINGLE, adj. Not more than one; unconnected; parti- 
 cular; individual; alone; unmarried. L. singulus^ 
 every, each one, one by one. 
 
 SINGULAR, adj. Single; expressing only one; not 
 plural; unexampled; remarkable; unique. 1^. singula- 
 W.S.— See SINGLE. 
 
 SINISTER, or//. Left, as opposed to right; evil designed; 
 unfair. L. 
 
 SINISTROUS. adj. Absurd; perverse; evil designed. 
 —See SINISTER. 
 
 SINUATED. adj. Bent in and out. L. sinuatus^ p. 
 part, of sinuo-t to wind: sinus, a bosom, or bay, 
 
 SINUOUS, adj. Bending in and out. L. .sinus, a bosom, 
 or bay. 
 
 SIREN, s. A goddess, (one of three,) v>^ho is fabulously 
 related to have enticed men by singing, and then de- 
 voured them; any mischievous enticer. L. siren. The 
 name, according to Bochart, who derives it from the 
 Phenician language, implies a songstress. Its mean- 
 ing is, therefore, synonymous with the G. surizo, to 
 play on a pipe. 
 
 SITE. s. Situation; local position. L. situs: from situs, 
 (p. part, of sino,^ set, or placed. 
 
 SITUATION, s. Place; position; condition; state. F. 
 situation. — See SITE. 
 
 SKELETON, s. The bones of a body, preserved or re- 
 maining, as nearly as possible, in their natural posi- 
 tion; the frame of any thing, in an unfinished or de- 
 cayed state; officers of a regiment which has been 
 wasted in service. G. from skelo, to dry. 
 
 SKEPTIC— See SCEPTIC. 
 
 SOCIAL, adj. Fond of society; relating to society; fa- 
 [24] 
 
SOC— SOL 
 
 miliar; cheerful; agreeable. L,. sociaiis: ivoin socivs^ 
 a companion. 
 
 SOCIETY, s. Union of many in one general interest; 
 people thus united; company. F. societe; L. societas: 
 socius, a companion. 
 
 SOI DISANT. Self-called ; as, the soi-disant baronet. F. 
 
 SOJOURN. V. To dwell only for a time; to live as from 
 home. F. sejourner; joiirnee^ a journey : jour^ a day. 
 
 SOLAR, adj. Relating or pertaining to the sun. L. So- 
 laris: sol, the sun. 
 
 SOLDIER, s. A warrior: originally, one who served 
 for fiay. L. solidarius. Low L. of solidus, a piece of 
 money. 
 
 SOLE. s. That part which touches the ground. L. so- 
 lum, that which sustains or bears any thing on it; the 
 ground. 
 
 SOLE. adj. Single; only; (in law,) not married. Old F. 
 sole; L. solus, alone. 
 
 SOLECISM, s. Unfitness of one word to another; im- 
 propriety in language. L. soloecismus; G. soloikismos: 
 Solce, a Grecian city of Cilicia, in Asia Minor, the in- 
 habitants of which degenerated, in lanL,jage, from the 
 purity of the Attic dialect; hence, the Athenians ap- 
 plied the term, soloikoi, to all people of barbarous 
 speech, and to all barbarians. 
 
 SOLEMN, adj. Religiously grave; awful; serious. L. 
 solemnis, or solennis,. yearly, or appointed: that is, 
 done every year, at an appointed time, in the manner 
 of a religious ceremony : solus, only, and aiuius, a 
 year. 
 
 SC)LICIT. -v. To entreat; to implore; to ask. L. soli- 
 cito, to stir or dig up the ground, to disturb, to be 
 busy, to trouble, to press, to be urgent: solum, the 
 ground, and cito, to excite, or stir up. 
 
 SOLICITOUS, ft^y. Anxious; anxiously desirous; con- 
 cerned. L. solicitus. — See SOLICIT. 
 
 SOLID, adj. Not liquid; compact; not hollow; full of 
 matter; strong; firm; having all the geometrical di- 
 mensions; sound; real; grave, L. solidus, substantial. 
 
 SOLIDUNGULOUS. adj. Whole-hoofed, not cloven. 
 L. solidus, solid, and ungulus, a hoof. 
 
 SOLILOQUY. 5. A discourse made by one, in private, 
 
SOL— SOP 
 
 to himself. F. soliloque: L. solus^ alone, and loquor^ 
 to speak. 
 
 SOLIPEDE. s. An animal whose feet are not cloven. 
 L. so lid i, and /ledes^ pi. of solid us^ solid, and pes, a 
 foot. 
 
 SOLITARY, adj. Alone; retired; done or passed with- 
 out company; single. L. solitarius: solus^ alone. 
 
 SOLITUDE, s. Solitary life; state of being alone; re- 
 tirement; a desert. L. solitudo: solus, alone. 
 
 SOLO. s. A tune designed for a single instrument or a 
 single voice. Italian ; from the L. solus, alone. 
 
 SOLSTICE, s. A point in the ecliptic, beyond which 
 the sun does not go; or, rather, beyond which the earth 
 does not proceed, in its annual motion around the sun. 
 L. solstitium; comp. of sol, the sun, and status, part. 
 of sto, to stand. 
 
 SOLSTITIAL, adj. Relating or pertaining to the sol- 
 stice. L. solstitialis. — See SOLSTICE. 
 
 SOLUBLE, adj. Capable of being dissolved. L. solu- 
 hills: from solvo, to loosen, or melt. 
 
 SOLUTION, s. Act of dissolving; matter dissolved; 
 explanation. F. solution; L. solutio: solutus, p. part, 
 of solvo, to loosen, untie, or melt. 
 
 SOLVE. V. To explain; to make intelligible. L. solvo, 
 to loosen, or untie. 
 
 SOLVENT, adj. Having the power of dissolving; hav- 
 ing the means of paying debts contracted, and thus 
 dissolving an obligation. L. solvens, part, of solvo, 
 to loosen, discharge, or melt. 
 
 SOMNAMBULATE. v. To walk whileiasleep. L. som- 
 nus, sleep, and ambulo,X.o walk. 
 
 SOiflNIFEROUS. adj. Causing sleep. L. somnifer: 
 comp. of somnus, sleep, and ycro, to bring. 
 
 SOMNIFIC, adj. Causing sleep. L. somnus, sleep, and 
 facio, to make. 
 
 SONATA, s. A tune. Italian; from the L. sono, to 
 sound. 
 
 SONNET, s. A short poem, or species of song. F. son- 
 net: L. sono, to sound. 
 
 SOPHISM, s. A fallacious argument, ingeniously 
 framed ; an unsound subtlety. G. sojihisma, somethincf 
 invented: sofihia, wisdom. 
 
SOP— SPE 
 
 SOPHIST, s. A professor of philosophy; a framer of 
 sophisiiis, or prating caviller. G. sojihistes: sojihiu^ 
 wisdom. 
 
 SOPHISTER. s. A disputant, fallaciously subtle ; one 
 who frames sophisms; a particular rank in some uni- 
 versities.— See SOPHIST. 
 
 SOPHISTICATED, part. adj. Fallacious; spurious; 
 adulterated.— See SOPHIST, and SOPHISTER. 
 
 SOPHISTRY, s. Fallacious argumentation; logical ex- 
 ercise.— See SOPHIST. 
 
 SOPORIFIC, adj. Causing sleep. L. sopor, sleep, and 
 J'acio, to make. 
 
 SORCERER, s. A pretended enchanter or magician. 
 L. aortiarius; from sorti, (abl. of sors,') by a lot or 
 chance. 
 
 SORDID, adj. Mean; vile; base; covetous; niggardly. 
 L. sordidus: from sordes, filth. 
 
 SORORICIDE. 5. Murder of a sister. L. soror, a sis- 
 ter, and C(£do, to kill. 
 
 SORT. s. A kind; a species; rank. F. sorte: L. sors, a 
 lot, chance, condition, kind. 
 
 SOVEREIGN, adj. Supreme in power; chief; su- 
 premely efficacious. F. souveraine: L. siiper, above, 
 and reg-710, to reign. 
 
 SPACE, s. Room; quantity of time; the relation of dis- 
 tance between any two bodies or points. L. spatium, 
 a space of ground or time; but, properly, a stage or 
 distance in racing. 
 
 SPACIOUS, adj. Wide; extensive; roomy. L. spatio- 
 5?^9.— See r^ACE. 
 
 SPASM, s. Convulsion; violent and involuntary con- 
 traction. G. s/iasma; from spaa, to draw, or pluck. 
 
 SPASMODIC, adj. Convulsive.— See SPASM. 
 
 SPECIAL, adj. Particular; peculiar; appropriate; de- 
 signed for a particular purpose; extraordinary; un- 
 common. L. spec talis. -—See SPECIES. 
 
 SPEC:iES. .5. A sort; a subdivision of a general term; 
 single order of beings. L. species, a form, figure, or 
 sort. 
 
 SPECIFIC, adj. Relating or pertaining to the qualities 
 which make or distinj^uish a species; appropriated to 
 
SPE— SPE 
 
 the cure of some one species of distemper. F. s/ieci- 
 ^fique: L. sfiecics^ a sort, aiKiy«c/o, to make. 
 
 SPECIFY. V. To mention a species or sort by some 
 particular marks of distinction; to show or declare 
 particularly, not generally. F. sficcijicr: L. species, a 
 sort, and/aczo, to make, or delineate. 
 
 SPECIMEN, s. A sample; a part of any divisible spe- 
 cies exhibited, that the rest may be known. L. — See 
 SPECIES. 
 
 SPECIOUS, adj. Showy; plausible; apparently, but not 
 really right or valuable. L. s/ieciosus: from s/iecio, to 
 see. 
 
 SPECTACLE, s. Any thing perceived by the sight; a 
 show; something exhibited to the view as eminently 
 remarkable; (in the plural,) glasses to aid the sight. 
 
 F. sjiectacle; 1^. sJiectacuUim: sjiectu7n, sup. oi specio^ 
 to see. 
 
 SPECTATOR, s. A looker-on; a beholder. L. specta- 
 ror.— -See SPECTACLE. 
 
 SPECTRE, s. An apparition; a phantasm. F. spectre; 
 L. spectrum: spectum, sup. of s/zec/o, to see. 
 
 SPECTRUM, s. An image; a visible form. Ocular 
 spectra are images presented to the eye, after re- 
 moving them from a bright' object, or closing them. 
 L. from specioy to see. 
 
 SPECULAR, adj. Having the qualities of a mirror or 
 looking glass. L. specularis; specio^ to see. 
 
 SPECULATE. V. To look forward with the mind; to 
 conjecture; to purchase any thing under the impres- 
 sion of a future advance in its value, — or to sell in 
 expectation of a decline. L. s/ieculor: from speclo., to 
 see. 
 
 SPECULUM, s. A mirror; a looking glass; that in 
 which representations are formed by reflexion. L. spe- 
 culum: specio, to see. 
 
 SPERM, s. Seed; that by which a species is continued. 
 
 G. sperm a: speiro, to sow. 
 
 SPERMATIC, adj. Seminal; consisting of seed; be- 
 longing to or containing sperm. — See SPERM. 
 
 SPERM'oLOGIST. s. One who gathers and treats of 
 seeds. G. sper?nologos: comp. of sperina, seed, and 
 logos, a description. 
 [24*] 
 
SPH— SPI 
 
 SPHACELUS, s. A gangrene; a mortification of the 
 flesh. G. sphaktlos:ivo\Ti sphazo^ to destroy. 
 
 SPHERE, s. A globe; a solid body, contained under 
 one, uniform, round surface, every point of which is 
 equally distant from a certain point in the middle, 
 called its centre; orb; circuit of motion ; individual 
 compass of knowledge or action ; particular employ- 
 ment. L. sfihcsra; G. sphaira^ a bov»l, or any thing 
 that is round. 
 
 SPHEROID, s. A solid body, oblong or oblate, approach- 
 ing the form of a sphere. G. spuiru^ a spiiere, and 
 eidos, a shape. 
 
 SPHINCTER, s. A muscle which binds up or draws 
 together any passage or duct of the body. G. iji/iuigoy 
 to shut up. 
 
 SPINE, s. The back-bone. L. sfiina^ a thorn, a prickle, 
 a pin, the back-bone, [or that which pins the body to- 
 gether.] 
 
 SPIN^. *. In botany, thorns or rigid prickles. L. pi. 
 of spina^ a thorn. 
 
 SPINIFEROUS. adj. Bearing thorns. L. spijia, a thorn, 
 and y(??'o, to bear. 
 
 SPINOUS, adj. Thorny; full of thorns, h. sjiinosus: 
 spina., a thorn. 
 
 SPIRACLE. *. A breathing hole; a vent; a small aper^ 
 ture. L. Hpiraculum: spiro^ to breathe. 
 
 SPIRAL, adj. Curve; winding; circularly formed, like 
 a screw. — See SPIRE. 
 
 SPIRE, s. A curve line ; a curl ; a wreath ; a building 
 of a taper form, on the outside or inside of which 
 winding stairs are built; any building of a taper form, 
 without winding stairs. L. apira: from the G. spelra^ 
 a rope; alluding to the winding convolutions of the 
 several plies of a rope. 
 
 SPIRIT. .<?. Breath; principle oj animal life; an imma- 
 terial substance; an intellectual being; the human 
 soul ; a spectre ; temper ; ardour ; courage ; enter- 
 prise; desire; characteristical likeness; an inflamma- 
 ble and intoxicating licpior, obtained by distillation. L. 
 spii'itus: s/iiroy to breathe. 
 
 SPIRITUAL, adj. Distinct from matter; incorporeal; 
 relating to the soul; not temporal; relating to eter- 
 
SPI— SQU 
 
 iiity; ccclesiaslical. F. spiritutl; L. sjiiritualis, — See 
 SJURiT. 
 
 SPIRITUOUS, adj, Havini^ the qiuility of distilled spi- 
 rit. F. fifiiritueux. — See SPIRFF. 
 
 SPLEEN, s. The milt; one of the intestine members, 
 the use of which is scarcely known. It is fancied to 
 be the seat of anger, melancholy, and mirth; hence, 
 the application of the term, in relation to these pas- 
 sions. L. and G. sjilen. • 
 
 SPLENDID, adj. Showy; magnificent; sumptuous; 
 pompous. F. tijilendide; L. s/ilefididus: s/iiendco, to 
 shine. 
 
 SPLENETIC, ar/y. Troubled with the spleen ; frr-..ful; 
 peevish. F. s/ilcnctique. — See SPLEEN. 
 
 SPOIL. V. To carry away by force; to plunder; to in- 
 jure; to grow useless. L. s/iolio: from the G. .s/zfto, to 
 draw, or pluck off". 
 
 SPOLIATION. 6'. Act of robbery, or illegal seizure. L. 
 sfioHatio. — See SPOIL. 
 
 SPONSOR, s. One wha makes a promise or gives se- 
 curity for another. L. .s/!o?isor: s/iousuc. p. part, of 
 s/iondeo, to promise willingly. 
 
 SPONTANEOUS, adj. Voluntary; natural; without 
 cultivation. L. sponiuneus: from ^/londeo, to promise 
 willingly. 
 
 SPOUSE, s. One joined in marriage; a husband of 
 W'ife. F. e/iousc, (formerly, espoufie;) L. s/ionsu: .'ijion- 
 siis^ (p. part, of .v/i07K/<?o,) willingly promised. 
 
 SPRIGHT, or SPRITE. .9. A spirit; .an apparition. 
 This word is a contraction of Spirit. 
 
 SPRKiHTLY. adj. Airy; with 'spirit; lively. Sec 
 
 SPRIGHT. 
 
 SPUME. «. Foam, or froth. L. sfnima: sfiuo^ to spit; 
 and, from the same root, is derived the verb s/icw. 
 
 SQUADRON, s. Originally, signified a body of troops 
 drawn up square. It now denotes part of an army, 
 or part of a fleet, and sometimes, a small fleet. F. es- 
 cadron; Italian, sguadrone; L. quadratus^ squared. 
 
 SQUALID, adj. Foul; nasty; filthy. L. squalidus; sqiia- 
 leo, to be filthy. 
 
 SQUAMOUS, adj. Scaly ; covered with scales. L, 
 squameus: squama.^ the scale of a fish, Sec. 
 
SQU— STA 
 
 SQUIRE, s. This word, a contraction of Esquire, is 
 X used, by the peasantry of I'.ngland, to denote a coun- 
 try gentleman; and signifies, in so7ne parts of the 
 United States of America, a justice of the peace, or 
 one of those low, illiterate, mercenary magistrates, 
 who are, in general, a disgrace to the judicial cha- 
 racter^ and an injury to society. — See ESQUIRE. 
 
 STABILITY, 6'. Capability of standing; steadiness; 
 fi^l^iiness. F. stabilite; L. stabilitas. — See STABLE. 
 
 STABLE, adj. Capable of standing; steady; firm. L. 
 stabilis: sto, to stand. 
 
 STABLE. .9. A house for beasts. L. stabuliim: sio^ to 
 stand. 
 
 STAGNx\NT. adj. Motionless; not flowing. L. stag- 
 na7is^ part, of stagnon, to stand still. 
 
 STAGNATE, v. To become motionless; to have no 
 course or stream. L. stagiiatus, p. part, of stagno^ to 
 stand still. 
 
 STALACTITE, s. Spar, in the shape of an icicle, 
 formed by water dropping from the fissures of a rock. 
 G. stalazo^ to drop. 
 
 STAMINA, s. First principles; solids of the human 
 body; (in botany,) little threads or capillaments, which 
 grow up within the flowers of plants, and encompass 
 the style. L. pi. of stamen^ hemp, fiax. Sec. placed on 
 a distc.ff for spinning, — or a thread : G. isie?ni, to place 
 or build. 
 
 STAMINEOUS. s. In botany, consisting of stamina or 
 threads. L. stamineus. — See STAMINA. 
 
 STATE. *. Condition; circumstances of nature or for- 
 tune; degree; ceremonious order, or position ; rank ; 
 grandeur; nation or commonwealth, h. status: sta- 
 tus, p. part, o^ sto-, to stand. 
 
 STATE, -v. To represent the state or condition, in all 
 the circumstances of modification ; to explain. — See 
 the noun. 
 
 STATED, part. adj. Established; ordained; regular. 
 L. status, p. part, of sto, to stand, or continue. 
 
 STATICS, s. The science which considers the weight 
 of bodies. G. statike: statos, part, oi istemi, to stand 
 or sustain. 
 
STA— STE 
 
 STATION, s. Appointed place of standing orasscni- 
 
 bling; session at an appointed place; post; office; 
 
 situation; rank; condition of life. F, station; L.statio: 
 
 status^ p. part, oi sto^ to stand. 
 STATIONER, s. A vender of books, £cc. who remains 
 
 in one station or fixed place, but does not sell as an 
 
 itinerant, or pedler. — See STATION. 
 STATUE, s. A standing image. F. statue; L. statua: 
 
 status^ p. part. o{ sto^ to stand. 
 STATU QUO. In its (his, her, or their,) former state. 
 
 L. statu., in the state, t/wo, in \vhit;h ; status and qui. 
 STATURE. 6'. The height of any animal, measured 
 
 when standing. F. stature; L. statural status^ p. part. 
 
 of sto^ to stand. 
 STATUS QUO. The ^^ status cjuo ante helium^' the 
 
 state in which [the several belligerents were] before 
 
 the war. L. 
 STATUTE, s. A law; an edict of a legislature. F. 
 
 statut; L,. statutum: status^ p. part, of *^o, to stand, 
 
 or continue. 
 STEGANOGRAPHY. s. The art of writing secretly 
 
 in ciphers. G, steganos^ secret, and gra/iho^ to write. 
 STEGNOSIS. s. An obstruction of the pores of the 
 
 body; the suppression of any evacuation. G. stegno-o^ 
 
 to bind. 
 STEGNOTIC. adj. Binding; rendering costive. G. 
 
 stegnotikos: from stegno-o., to bind, 
 STELLAR, adj. Astral; relating to the^tars. L. s'tella^ 
 
 a star. 
 STELLATE, adj. Pointed in the manner of an irra- 
 diating star. L. stellatus., part.- of 6<fc'//or; Stella.^ a 
 
 star. 
 STENOGRAPHY, s. Short-hand. (<:..stenos, shorthand 
 
 gra/iho., to write. 
 STERCORACEOUS. adj. Relating to dung; partaking 
 
 of the nature of dung. is. stercoraceus: stercorin, gen. 
 
 of stercus'., dung. 
 STEREOGRAPHY, s. Art of drawing the forms of 
 
 solid bodies on a plane. G. stereos^ solid, ?,nd gra/i/io, 
 
 to write. 
 STEREOMETRY. *. The art of measuring solid bodies. 
 
 G. stereosy solid, and metrcn., to measure. 
 
STE— STR 
 
 STEREOTYPE, s. Stereotype printing is by types cast 
 together, in a solid plate; not by types, each of which 
 can be separated from the other. G. stereos, solid, and 
 tu/ios, a ty])e. 
 
 STERIL. adj. Barren; unfruitful. L. sterilis: from the 
 G. stereo, to take away. 
 
 STIGMA, s. A mark of infamy. G. stigma: from stizo, 
 to brand. 
 
 STIGMATIZE, -v. To brand, or distinguish by a mark 
 of infamy.— See STIGMA. 
 
 STILL. *. A vessel used in distilling. — See DISTIL. 
 
 stimulate:, v. To excite forward; to influence by 
 some pungent motive ; to increase the animal spirits. 
 L. stimulo, to prick: G. stigme, a point. 
 
 STIPEND, s. Salary; settled pay. L. stipendium: from 
 stifiis, a piece of money, with which the Roman sol- 
 diers were anciently paid, by weight. 
 
 STIPENDIARY, s. One who receives a stipend See 
 
 STIPEND. 
 
 STIPTIC. af/y.—See STYPTIC. 
 
 STIPULATE, p. To bargain; to contract; to settle 
 terms. L. stifiulor: from stilio, to fill up close. 
 
 STOIC, s. One who holds the doctrines of the heathen 
 philosopher, Zeno. L. stoicus; G. stoikos: from stoa, 
 a porch, in which Zeno taught. 
 
 STOMACH, s. The ventricle in which food is digested ; 
 appetite. L. stomachus; G. stoma, a mouth, and echo, 
 to have. 
 
 STRANGLE, -v. To choke; to suffocate; to kill by in- 
 tercepting the breath; to hinder from birth or ap- 
 pearance. L. strangulo; G. strangul6-o, to writhe, 
 or twist. 
 
 STRANGURY, s. A painful difficulty in passing urine. 
 L. stranguria; G. strafigouria; comp. of strangx, a 
 drop, and ouron, urine. 
 
 STRATA. .9. Layers. Plural of Stratum. L. 
 
 STRATA(iEIM. s. An artifice in war; a trick, by which 
 some advantage is endeavoured to be gained. L. strata- 
 g'cma; G. strategema: from strategeo, to command an 
 army: comp. of stratos^ an army, and ago, to lead. 
 
 STRATIFY. V, To arrange in strata, or layers. F. 
 
STR—STY 
 
 stratifier: L. stratum^ a bed or layer, and y«c/o, to 
 
 make. 
 STRATUM, s. A layer. L. stratum: struiu.y, p. part. 
 
 of sterno, to spread. 
 STREET, s. A way (properly a paved way.) between 
 
 two rows of houses; tne houses which bound the way. 
 
 Derived, through the Saxon, from stratum: which is 
 
 from stratus^ p. part, of stcrno^ to spread. 
 STRENUOUS, adj. Active; zealous; ardently labori- 
 ous. L. strenuus, brisk. 
 STRI^. s. In natural history, the small grooves or 
 
 channels in the shells of cockles, scallops, ike. L. pi. 
 
 of .9/rm, a groove. 
 STRIATE, or STRIATED, adj. Formed in strice. L. 
 
 striatus, p. part, of strio, to groove. 
 STRICT, adj. Exact; accurate; rigorously attentive to 
 
 rules; severe; confined; tight. L. strictus^ p. part, of 
 
 stri7igo^ to grasp or hold fast. 
 STRICTURE, s. Contraction ; critical remark. L. 
 
 strictura: strictus^ p. part, of fstiniig-o^ to grasp or hold 
 
 fast. 
 STRUCTURE, s. Act of building; practice of build- 
 ing; that which is built; form; arrangement of words. 
 
 F. structure ; L. structura : structus^ p. part, of 
 
 struo, to pile up. 
 STUDENT, s. C3ne w^ho is studying. L. studens, part. 
 
 of studeo, to study. 
 STUDY, .s. Application of mind to books and learning; 
 
 deep cogitation; any particular kind of learning. L. 
 
 studium: studeo, to study. 
 STUPEFACTION. .?. Act of stupefying; state of being 
 
 stupefied. F. stu]ief action; L. stujiefactus., p. part, of 
 
 stu/iefacio. — See STUPEFY. 
 STUPEFY. V. To make stupid. L. stufiefacio: comp. 
 
 of stu/ior, senselessness, and /czc/o, to make. 
 STUPID, adj. Dull; wanting sensibility; wanting ap- 
 prehension; sluggish. L. stufiidus. — See SFUPOR. 
 STUPOR, s. Suspension or diminution of sensibility. 
 
 L. stupor: from the G. stupho^ to tie fast. 
 STYGIAN, adj. Relating or pertaining to the river Styx ; 
 
 hellish; infernal. L. stygius; iSttjg-is, gen. of Stysc, 
 
STY— SUB 
 
 the poetical infernal lake. G. Stiix: from stugeo^ to 
 tremble. 
 STYLE. .5. A pointed iron, used anciently in writing on 
 tables of wax; manner of writing, with regard to the 
 language; manner of executing, effecting, or acting, 
 in general; title, appellation; the pin of a dial, h^c. L. 
 stylus; G. stulos. 
 STYPTIC, or STYPTICAL. adj. Astringent; effica- 
 cious in stopping a flow of blood. L. stypticus; G. 
 stuptikos: stupho^ to tie fast, or bind. 
 SUASIVE. adj. Persuasive. L. suadeo^ to persuade. 
 SUAVITY, adj. Agreeableness; amiability. F. siiavitc; 
 
 L. suavitas; sixavis, sweet, in smell or taste. 
 SUB. A Latin preposition, signifying under, or in a 
 
 subordinate degree. 
 SUBALTERN, adj. Subordinate; of rank below that 
 of a captain. F. subalterne: L. sub^ under, and altcr^ 
 another. 
 SUBAQUEOUS, adj. Existing under water. L. sub., 
 
 under, and aqua., water. 
 SUBDIVIDE, s. To divide that which has been al- 
 ready divided. L. sub., under, (meaning, in a subordi- 
 nate degree,) and divide. 
 SUBDIVISION, s. Act of subdividing; thing subdi- 
 vided. L,. 'Sub^ under, (meaning, in a subordinate de- 
 gree.) and division. 
 SUBDUCE, or SUBDUCT, x'. To withdraw; to take 
 away; to subtract. L. subduco, (sup. subductum:) suby 
 under, and duco, to lead. 
 SUBDUCTION. s. Act of subducing, or subducting. 
 
 L. subductio.—'^ee SUBDUCE. 
 SUBDUPLE, or SUBDUPLICA TE. adj. Containing 
 one part of two. F. subduple; from the L. sub., un- 
 der, and duplex., double, or duplicatus., doubled. 
 SU BERATES, s. Salts formed by the combination of 
 
 any base, with the suberic acid. — See SUBERIC. 
 SUBERIC, adj. Suberic acid is obtained from cork. L. 
 
 suber., the cork tree, or cork. 
 SUBJACENT, adj. Lying under, h. subjaceyis, part. 
 
 oi fiubjaceo; sub, under, and^'aceo, to lie. 
 -SUBJECT'. V. To reduce to submission; to make sub- 
 
SUB— SUB 
 
 ordinate; to enslave; to expose; to make liable. — Sec 
 SUBJECT. 
 
 SUB'JECT. s. One who lives under the dominion of 
 another ; that on which any operation, either mental 
 or material, is performed ; that in whicli any thing in- 
 heres or exists; (in grammar,) the nominative case to 
 a verb. L. subjectus, p- part, oi suhjicio} sub, under, 
 and Jacio, to throw. 
 
 SUBJOIN. V. To add at the end. L. sub^ under, and 
 join. 
 
 SUBJUGATE. T'. To conquer; to subdue. L. subjugo: 
 sub^ under, and jagiim^ a yoke. 
 
 SUBJUNCTIVE, adj. Subjoined; dependent; contin- 
 gent. L. siibju7icth>us; from subjungo: sub^ under, 
 and jungo^ to join. 
 
 SUBLEMATE, or SUBLIME, v. To raise by the force 
 of fire ; to elevate. — See the adj. SUBLIME. 
 
 SUBLIME, adj. High in place; high in excellence; in- 
 describably grand. L. sublimis., lofty. 
 
 SUBLINGUAL, adj. Placed under the tongue. L. suby 
 under, and lingua., the tongue. 
 
 SUBLUNARY, adj. Terrestrial; of this world. L. sub^ 
 under, and luna^ the moon. 
 
 SUBMARINE, adj. Lying or acting under the sea. L. 
 sub.) under, and mare., the sea. 
 
 SUBMERGE, v. To put under water. L. submergo: 
 comp. oi nub., under, and mergo., to sink. 
 
 SUBMERSION, s. Act of submerging; state of being 
 submerged. F. submersion; L. sub?nersus, p. part, of 
 s7ibmergo.—See SUBMERGE. 
 
 SUBMISSION, s. Act of submitting. L. submissio: 
 submissus^ p. part, oi submitto. — See SU^BMIF. 
 
 SUBMIT, v. To resign ; to leave to discretion; to refer 
 to judgment; to be subject; to acquiesce in the au- 
 thority of another; to yield. L. submitlo; comp. of 
 sub.) under, and jnitto^ to send, or throw. 
 
 SUBORDINATE, adj. Inferior in order, in nature, in 
 dignity, or in power. L. sub., under, and ordinatus-, 
 p. part, of ordino^ to put in order: ordo, an order, or 
 rule. 
 
 SUBORN, x). To procure the aid or favour of, bv se- 
 [25] 
 
SUB—SUB 
 
 cret and dishonest means; to seduce from duty. L. 
 suborno: sub-, under, (meaning secretly,} and orno^ to 
 deck or furnish. 
 
 SUBPCENA. s. A writ commanding attendance, under 
 a penalty. L. sub^ under, ftana^ punishment. - 
 
 SUBSCRIBE, -v. To write under; to give consent to, 
 or promise by underwriting the name; to assent. L. 
 subscribo: sub, under, and scribo, to write. 
 
 SUBSCRIPTION, s. Act of subscribing; amount, &c. 
 subscribed; written contribution. L. subscnptio: sub- 
 scrifitus, p. part, of subscribo. — See SUBSCRIBE. 
 
 SUBSECTION, s. A subdivision of a larger section. 
 L. sub, under, and section. 
 
 SUBSEQUENT, adj. Following. L. subseguens, part. 
 oi subsequor; comp. of sub, under, or next after, and 
 sequor, to follow. 
 
 SUBSERVE, -v. To serve in subordination; to serve 
 instrumentally. L. subservio: sub, under, and servio, 
 to serve. 
 
 SUBSIDE. V. To sink; to fall to the bottom; to cease. 
 L. subsido: sub, under, and sido, to perch, or settle; 
 or subsideo; comp. of sub, under, and sedeo, to sit. 
 
 SUBSIDIARY, a^y. Assistant ; aiding. L. subsidiarius. 
 —See SUBSIDY. 
 
 SUBSIDY, s. Aid, in a general, national, or military 
 way. L. subsidium: from subsidior, to be ready to 
 help: sub, under, and sedeo, to sit. 
 
 SUB SILEJVTIO. In silence; without any notifica- 
 tion. L. sub, under, silentio, abl. oi silejitium, silence. 
 
 SUBSIST. V. To be; to have existence; to retain the 
 present state or condition; to continue. L subsisto: 
 from sub, under, and sisto, to stand still, or stay. 
 
 SUBSTANCE, s. Something existing; something tan- 
 gible; the essential part; means of life. L. substantia: 
 substans, part, of sub&to, to stand still : sub, under, and 
 sto, to stand. 
 
 SUBSTANTIAL, adj. Having substance; real; ac- 
 tually existing; material; soiici; f?im; stvoiu?, ; curable; 
 moderately wealthy. — See SUBS'l ANCE. 
 
 SUBSTAxNTIATE. v. To prove rcni; to prove, as in 
 giving evidence. — See SUBSTAx-J'. E. 
 
 SUBSTANl IVE. s. A noun; the name of a person, or 
 
SUB— SUB 
 
 of a thing, real or imaginary. L. substantivmn.^-^See 
 SUBSTANCE. 
 
 SUBSTITUTE, s. One person acting in the place of 
 another; any thing used instead of some other thing. 
 L. stibstitutusy p. part, of substituoj sub^ under, and 
 statuo^ to set, or place. 
 
 SUBSTRUCTURE, s. Foundation; that part of any 
 building which is under the surface of the ground 
 (opposed to superstructure.) L. sub^ under, and struc* 
 ture. 
 
 SUBTANGENT. s. In any curve, is the line which 
 determines the intersection of the tangent in the axis 
 prolonged. L. sub^ under, and tangens^ part, of tango^ 
 to touch. 
 
 SUBTEND. V. To be extended under. L. sub^ under, 
 and tendo^ to stretch. 
 
 SUBTENSE, s. That which is extended under; the 
 chord of an arch. L. sub^ under, and tensiis, p. part, 
 of tendoy to stretch. 
 
 SUBTERFLUENT, or SUBTERFLUOUS.tt^y. Flow- 
 ing under. L. subtei-Jluens^ part, of subterjiuo: subter,, 
 under, andj?t/o, to flow. 
 
 SUBTERFUGE, s. A shift; an evasion; a trick. F. 
 subterfuge: I^. subter^ under, and/w^zo, to run away. 
 
 SUBTERRANEOUS, or SUBTERRANEAN, adj. 
 Lying under (within,) the earth; placed under the 
 earth. L. subteri-aneus; ivoui sub, under, and terra^ 
 the earth. 
 
 SUBTILE, or SUBTLE, adj. Thin; not dense; vapor- 
 ous; nice; fine; piercing; acute: — also, cunning; art- 
 ful ; refined or acute beyond necessity. In these 
 senses, it is generally \wYix.icn subtle, L. subtilis, finely 
 spun. 
 
 SUBTRACT, r. To withdraw a part from the rest ; to 
 diminish; to deduct, by arithmetic, a less sum from a 
 greater, and place the remainder underneath. L. sub- 
 tractum, sup. of subtraho: sub, under, and traho^ to 
 dr iw. 
 
 SUBURB, s. Building without the walls of a city; pre- 
 cinct. L. suburbiuim sub, under, and urbs, a city. 
 
 SUBVERSION. 6'. Act of subverting; state of being 
 
SUB— SUF 
 
 subverted. F. subversion; L. subversus^ p. part, of 
 
 subverto.—SQQ SUBVERT. 
 SUBVERT. V. To overthrow ; to overturn ; to turn 
 
 upside down ; to corrupt ; to confourid. L. subverto; 
 
 from sub^ under, (meaning in a subordinate degree,) 
 
 and -verto^ to turn. 
 SUCCEDANEUM. s. A substitute. L. from succedo, 
 
 to follow. 
 SUCCEED. V. To follow in order; to come into the 
 
 place of one who has quitted or died; to obtain one's 
 
 desire ; to terminate prosperously, &c. L. succedo; 
 
 sub, under, or next after, and cedo, to depart, 
 SUCCESS, s. The termination of any affair, fortunate 
 
 or unfortunate,— but often used in a happy sense, 
 
 without any qualifying term. L. successus; from a 
 
 part, of succedo.— 'See SUCCEED. 
 SUCCESSION, s. Act of succeeding; regular order; 
 
 series. L. successio; successus, p. part, of succedo, 
 
 —See SUCCEED. 
 SUCCINCT, adj. Concise; brief L. succinctus, p. part. 
 
 Oi succingo; comp. oi sub, under, and cingo, to gird. 
 SUCCOUR. V. To aid ; to relieve. L. succurro; sub, 
 
 under, and curro, to run. 
 SUCCULENT, adj. Juicy; moist. L. succulentus: sue- 
 
 cus, juice. 
 SUCCUMB, -v. To yield ; to sink under any difficulty. 
 
 This expression is inelegant. L. succumbo; sub, un- 
 der, and cuinbo, to lie. 
 SUDATION. s. Sweat; a sweating. L. sudatio; sudoy 
 
 to sweat. 
 SUDATORY, s. A sweating chamber. L. sudatorius; 
 
 from sudo, to sweat. 
 SUDORIFIC, adj. Promoting sweat. F. sridorijique; L. 
 
 sudor, sweat, andyar/o, to make. 
 SUFFER. V. To bear; to undergo; to feel, with sense 
 
 of pain; to allow; to be injured. L. suffero; sub, un- 
 der, andyi^ro, to carry. 
 SUFFICE. V. To be sufficient; to satisfy. L. sufficio; 
 
 sub, under, or hear to, and yhc/o, to make. 
 SUFFICIENT, adj. Equal to the proposed end ; enough ; 
 
 competent. L. sufficiens, part, oi sujfficio. — See SUF- 
 FICE. 
 
SUF— .SUM 
 
 SUFFOCATE, v. To choke, or prevent respiration, by 
 the exclasion or interception of air. L. suffoco; from 
 sub., under, anciybcw*, a fire-iiearth, or a fire. 
 
 SUFFRAGAN, adj. A suffragan bishop is subject to 
 his metropolitan or superior bishop. L. suff'raganeus.. 
 —See SUFFRAGE. 
 
 SUFFRAGE, s. Vote; voice given in a controverted 
 point. F. suffrage; L. suffragium; from suffero. — See 
 SUFFER. 
 
 SUFFUSED, /lart. adj. Spread. L. suffusus^ p. part, 
 of suffundo: sub., under, 'dead, f undo., to pour out. 
 
 SUGGEST. X'. To hint privately; to intimate; to pro- 
 pose. L. suggestum^ sup. of suggeroj comp. of sub^ 
 under, and gero, to carry. 
 
 SUICIDE, s. Self-murder. L. suicidium; sui, of him- 
 self or herself, and ccsdes, slaughter: cadoj to kill. 
 
 SUI GE.YERIS. Of its own kind; not to be classed 
 under any ordinary description. L. gen. of suus, and 
 genus. 
 
 SUrr. s. A set; a number of things corresponding one 
 to another ; a petition or address of entreaty ; court- 
 ship ; prosecution or action at law. F. suite; suivre, 
 to follow. 
 
 SUITABLE, adj. Fitting; according with ; agreeable. 
 —See SUIT. 
 
 SUITE. 6. Series; retinue; (pronounced sweet.) — See 
 SUIT. 
 
 SUM. s. The whole; many particulars conjoined, so as 
 to form a total ; the result of reasoning or computa- 
 tion; quantity of money; completion; height. L. suin- 
 ma; sununiiSy highest. 
 
 SUMMARY, adj. Short; brief; last; immediate; com- 
 pendious L. sunimarium., an abridgment. — See SUM. 
 
 SUMMON, -v. To call with authority; to admonish to 
 appear; to cite; to excite; to raise. L. summoneo; 
 sub., under [subject to a penalty,] and moneo^ to put 
 in mind, or warn. 
 
 SUM MUM BOJK'UM. The chief good. L. neuter of 
 su?7i')ius and bojius. 
 
 SUMPTER. s. An animal which carries provisions on 
 a journey. L sm«z/2?w*, p. part, of swmo, to take. 
 
 SUMPTUARY, adj. Relating to expense; regulating 
 [25*] 
 
SUM— SUP 
 
 expenditures; promoting economy. L. sujiijitiiariuss 
 sumjitus^ expense: from sumo^ to take or procure. 
 
 SUMPTUOUS, adj. Costly; expensive; splendid. L. 
 sumjituosus; stunjitus, expense: from s« wo, to take 
 or procure. 
 
 SUPER. In composition, denotes above, over, more 
 than another, more than enough. L. 
 
 SUPERABLE. adj. Conquerable; that may be over- 
 come. L. superabilis; aujier^ above. 
 
 SUPERABUNDANCE, s. Overabundance; more than 
 enough. L. super^ above, and abundance. 
 
 SUPERADD. 1^. To add over and above. L. sufier- 
 addo: super^ above, and addo, to add. 
 
 SUPERANNUATED, part. adj. Impaired or disquali- 
 fied by age. L. su/ier, above or beyond, and annus, a 
 year. 
 
 SUPERB, adj. Grand; pompous; splendid. L. super- 
 bus; from super, above. 
 
 SUPERCARGO. *. A person sent in a ship, to super- 
 intend the disposal or purchase of the merchandise. 
 L. super, over, and cargo. 
 
 SUPERCILIOUS, adj. Haughty; dogmatical; dictato- 
 rial ; arbitrary ; overbearing. L. sii/ierci/iosus, of a 
 sour countenance ; from supercilium, the brow. 
 
 SUPEREROGATION, s. Performance of more than 
 duty reqviires. L. super, beyond or above, and ero- 
 gatio, a bestowing: from erogo; comp. of e, from, and 
 rogo, to ask. 
 
 SUPERFICIAL, adj. Lying on the surface; not reach- 
 ing below the surface ; shallow ; not profound ; insuf- 
 ficient; smattering; not learned. F. superficiel. — See 
 SUPERFICIES. 
 
 SUPERFICIES, s. Outside; surface. L. comp. o{ super, 
 above, diii^ fades, a face. 
 
 SUPERFINE, adj. Eminently fine. L. super, above, and 
 fine. 
 
 SUPERFLUOUS, adj. Exuberant; more than enough; 
 unnecessary. L. superjiuus, flowing over: super^ 
 over, and Huo, to flow. 
 
 SUPERINCUMBENT, adj. Lying on the top. L. su- 
 per, above, and incumbent. 
 
 SUPERINDUCE, v. To bring in as an addition; to 
 
SUP—SUP 
 
 bring in something extrinsic. L. sujier^ over, and in- 
 duce. 
 
 SUPERINTEND, x'. To oversee; to conduct. L. super ^ 
 over, and intend. 
 
 SUPERIOR, adj. Higher; greater in dignity or excel- 
 lence; upper; (with ifo,) not to be conquered or over- 
 come by. L. compar. oi siijier., or sufira^ above. 
 
 SUPERLATIVE, adj. Implying or expressing the 
 highest degree; superior; paramount. L,. su/ierlati- 
 xnis; superlatus^ p. part, oi supei-fero; super^ beyond, 
 or above, andy<?7'0, to carry. 
 
 SUPERNATANT, adj. Swimming above; floating. L. 
 supernatans^ part, of supernato ; comp. of super^ 
 above, and nato^ to swim. 
 
 SUPERNATURAL, adj. Above the powers of nature; 
 unusual. L. super, above, and natural. 
 
 SUPERSEDE. V. To m.ake void or inefficacious by su- 
 perior power; to set aside; to displace. L. supersedeo: 
 super, over, and sedco, to sit. 
 
 SUPERSTITION, s. Unnecessary fear or scruples in 
 religion; observance of unnecessary and uncommanded 
 rites or practices; false religion or worship; too scru- 
 pulous exactness. L. superstitio ; super, beyond or 
 above, and sto, to stand. 
 
 SUPERSTRUCTURE, s. That which is built or raised 
 upon something else; that which is raised above the 
 surface of the ground : (opposed to substructure.) L. 
 super, above, and structure. 
 
 SUPERVENE. V. To come as an extraneous addition. 
 L. supervenio; super, above, or besides, and uenio, to 
 come. 
 
 SUPERVENTION, s. Act of supervening. L. super- 
 ventus, p. part, oi supervenio. — See SUPERVENE. 
 
 SUPERVISE. V. To oversee; to examine the general 
 conduct or accounts of others. L. super, over, and vU 
 sum, sup. oi -video, to see. 
 
 SUPPLANT, t;. To displace by stratagem; to over- 
 come. L. supplanto; from sub, under, diiid pianta, the 
 foot. 
 
 SUPPLE, adj. Pliant; flexible; flattering; fawning. L. 
 supplex; sub, under, and /«//co, to fold 
 
 SUPPLEMENT, s. Addition to any thing, by which 
 
SUP— SUR 
 
 its defects are supplied. L. sulifilementum; sufijileo^ 
 to fill up. 
 
 SUPPLIANT, adj. Humbly entreating; praying; sub- 
 missive. F. suji/iliant; L. sufifilicans^ part, oi su/i/iiico, 
 —See SUPPLICATE. 
 
 SUPPLICATE. X'. To entreat; to implore; to petition 
 submissively and humbly. L. sup/ilico, to beg on one's 
 knees: sub, under, and /2/ico, to fold [the hands.] 
 
 SUPPLY. V. To fill up, as any deficiencies happen; to 
 give something wanted ; to serve instead of; to bring; 
 to furnish. L. su/i/ileo; sub, under, or near to, and/^/co, 
 to fill. 
 
 SUPPORT. V. To sustain; to prop; to bear up; to en- 
 dure; to aid; to defend; to supply with the necessa- 
 ries of life. L. supfiorto; sub, under, and /lorto, to 
 carry, or bear. 
 
 SUPPOSE. V. To advance, by way of argument or il- 
 lustration, without maintaining the truth of the posi- 
 tion ; to admit without proof; to conjecture ; to imagine. 
 F. sup/ioser; L. su/ipositus, p. part, oi supjiono; sub, 
 under, and /2ono, to place. 
 
 SUPPOSITION, s. Act of supposing; thing supposed. 
 F. s7iP/iosItwn.—See SUPPOSE. 
 
 SUPPRESS, V. To crush; to overpower; to subdue; to 
 conceal ; to withhold. L. suppressum, sup. of sup- 
 primo; sub^ under, and premo, to press. 
 
 SUPPURATE, -v. To generate pus or matter; to be in 
 a state of discharging matter. L. suppuro; sub, un- 
 der, and /2W5, (puris,) corrupted matter. 
 
 SUPREMACY, s. Highest place ; highest authority ; 
 state of being supreme See SUPREME. 
 
 SUPREME, adj. Highest in authority or dignity; chief. 
 L. sf//ire7nus., superlative oi super, or supra, above. 
 
 SURCHARGE, .v. Additional charge; additional quan- 
 tity. F. sur, (L. super,') over, and charge. 
 
 SURCINGLE, s. Exterior girth; tliat which binds 
 down a saddle, by passing over it and the ordinary 
 girths; the girdle of a cassock. F. sur, (L. super,) 
 over, and L. cingula, a girth : cingo, to gird. 
 
 SURFACE. 8. Superficies; outside. F. sur^ (L. super,) 
 above, and face. 
 
SUR— SUR 
 
 SURFEIT, s. SicVmess or satiety caused by over fulness 
 or repetition. F. from sui; over, and /a/r, past. part, 
 of y'a/re, to do : L. sufier^ and yacio. 
 
 SURGE, s, A rough, swelling sea; a billow; a foaming 
 wave L. surgo^ to aa'ise. 
 
 SURGEON. *. One who cures by manual operation. F. 
 chirurgeo7i^ or chirugien; G. cheir^ the hand, and er- 
 gon^ work. 
 
 SURMISE. X'. To suspect ; to imagine imperfectly; to 
 conjecture. F. surmise; sur, over, upon, or towards, 
 (L. sii/ier^) and L. rnitto, to send, or put forth. 
 
 SURMOUNT. V. To rise above ; to conquer ; to over- 
 come. F. surmonter; comp. of sur^ above, and mon- 
 ter^ to get up, or rise: L. sufier, above, and inotiSj a 
 mountain. 
 
 SURNAME, s. Additional name ; family name ; the 
 name which a person has besides his Christian name. 
 F. 5wr, (L. su/ier,) over, and name. 
 
 SURPLICE, s. The outer, or white gown, worn by 
 some ministers of religion, during a part of the church- 
 service. F. surplis; sur^ over, B.nd /ilisse?', to fold: L. 
 su/ier^ ?i.nd /ilico. 
 
 SURPLUS, s. Supernumerary or extra part; supera- 
 bundant remainder. F. sur, over, and/z/w*, more: L. 
 super^ diud /ilus. 
 
 SURPRISE. V. To take unawares ; to attack unex- 
 pectedly; to astonish by something wonderful; to con- 
 fuse or perplex by something sudden. F. surfiris^ p. 
 part, of surjirendre; L. sujier^ over, and {irendo^ to 
 take, or lay hold on. 
 
 SURRENDER, -v. To yield; to deliver to another; to 
 resign. F". sufrendre; L. sub, under, and F. rendre, to 
 return. 
 
 SURREPTITIOUS, adj. Done by stealth; obtained or 
 produced fraudulently. L. surrejititius; surre/io; sub, 
 under, and repo, to creep. 
 
 SURROGATE. .?. A deputy; the deputy of an ecclesi- 
 astical judge. L. surrogatus, p. part, oi surrogo; sub, 
 under, and rogo, to demand, or inquire. 
 
 SURTOUT. s. A large coat worn over all the rest. F. 
 comp. of «Mr, over, and tout, all. 
 
 SURVEY. V. To look over; to view as from a higher 
 
SUR— SYL 
 
 place; to examine; to measure the contents, and as- 
 certain the rehitive position of lands, Sec Old F. sur- 
 ■veoir; sur^ (L. aiipcr^) over, and voir^ to see. 
 SURVIVE. V. To outlive, or live after the death of an- 
 other; to live after any thing. F. survivre; L. sufier^ 
 beyond, and vivo^ to bve. 
 SUSCEPTIBLE, adj. Capable of receiving or admit- 
 ting; subject to receive or admit. F. suscefitible; L. 
 suscefitus^ p. part, oi suscifiio; comp. oiaub, under,and 
 cafiio,, to take. 
 SUSCITA'lE. V. To rouse; to excite. L. suscitOy to 
 
 awake : from sw6, under, and cito^ to call. 
 SUSPECT. V. To imagine, with a degree of fear and 
 jealousy, what is not known; to suppose guilty with- 
 out proof; to conjecture; to doubt. L. suspectum^ 
 sup. of snsfiicio; fiub^ under, and specio, to behold. 
 SUSPEND. V. To hang ; to make to stop for a while ; 
 to delay ; to debar for a time from the execution of an 
 office or the enjoyment of a revenue. L. suspendo; 
 sub, under, and pendeo, to hang up. 
 SUSPENSE, s. Uncertainty; doubt; delay. F. suspens; 
 L. suspensus, p. part, oi suspendo. — See SUSPEND. 
 SUSPENSION. 8. Act of suspending. L. suspensio: 
 
 suspeiisus, p. part, oi suspendo. — See SUSPEND. 
 SUSPICION. 8. Act of suspecting; state of being sus- 
 pected. L. suspicio. — See SUSPECT. 
 SUSTAIN. T'. To bear; to prop; to support; to endure; 
 to suffer without yielding. L. sustineo; sub, under, and 
 teneo, to hold fast. 
 SUSTENANCE, s. Support; maintenance; food. F. 
 
 soustenance; L. sustinens, part, of sustineo. See 
 
 SUSTAIN. 
 SYCOPHANT, s. A deceitful parasite ; a designing 
 flatterer; a mean, insinuating fellow. L. sycophanta; 
 G. sukophantes; suke, a fig, and /2//«o, to tell. *' By 
 a law of Solon," says Plutarch, " no production of 
 the Altican lands, except oil, was allowed to be sold 
 to strangers, — and, therefore, it is not improbable, what 
 some affii-m, that the exportation of>^.v was formei ly 
 foriiind.n, and that the informer against the delin- 
 qu'ii'S Alls called a sycophant.'' 
 SYLLABLE, s. A sound, pronounced by a single ira- 
 
SYL— .SYN 
 
 pulse of the voice, and constituting a word, or part of 
 a word. L. syllaba; G. sullabe: nuUambano^ to con- 
 tain, sun^ with, and lambano., to take. 
 
 SYLLABUS. 5. An abstract ; a compendium, contain- 
 ing the heads of a discourse. G. sullabos: suUani' 
 bano^ to contain: swn, with, and lambano^ to take. 
 
 SYLLOGISM, s. An argument composed of three 
 propositions : as; every man thinks; Henry is a man; 
 therefore^ Henry thinks. L. syllogismus; G. sullogis- 
 mos; sun^ with, and logos^ reason. 
 
 SYLVAN, or SILVAN, adj. Woody; shady; relating 
 or pertaining to woods. L. sylva^ or silva^ a wood. 
 
 SYMBOL. 8. A comprehensive form; a type; a figura- 
 tive representation; a sign. L. symbolum; G. sumbo' 
 Ion; from suniballo,, to bring together: sun^ with, and 
 ballo^ to throw. 
 
 SYMMETRY, s. Harmony of parts; proportion. L. 
 symmetria; G. sun^ with, and metron, measure. 
 
 SYMPATHEIIC. adj. Having mutual sensation; feel- 
 ing in consequence of what another feels ; producing 
 an effect by having some relative quality. F. symJiU' 
 thetique.—'6eQ SYMPATHY. 
 
 SYMPATHY, s. Mutual sensibility; fellow feeling; 
 the quality of being affected by the affection of an- 
 other. F. symjiathie; G. sum/iatheia; sun, with, and 
 pathos, affection: /lascho, to suffer. 
 
 SYMPHONY, s. Harmony of sound; that part of a 
 tune, composed in the same style, which is sung or 
 played before or after the main part, or in the mLer- 
 vals. L. sympho72iu; G. sun, with, and /iho7ie, a sound. 
 
 SYMPHYSIS, s. Act of growing together; union of 
 two bones ; a mode of membral articulation, in which 
 there is no motion. G. sun, with, and fihuo, to grow. 
 
 SYMPTOM. *. That which happens with something 
 else; a sign. F. symptone; G. sumptoma: comp. of 
 sun, with, and pipto, to fall. 
 
 SYNAGOGUE, s. A religious assembly of Jews; a 
 Jewish place of worship. F. syyugogue; G. sunagoge; 
 sun. with, and ago, to bring. 
 
 SYNAi^EPHA. s. A coniraciion or excibicn of a sylla- 
 ble in scanning Latin verse : as, ilTei, iov ille et. G. 
 sunaloiphe; sun^ with, and aleiphoy to mix. 
 
SYN— -SYR 
 
 SYNARTHROSIS, s. A close conjunction of two bones. 
 G. sun, with, and arthro-o, to form. 
 
 SYNCHONDROSIS, s. A union, by gristles, of the 
 sternon to the ribs. G. sun, with, and choridros, a car- 
 tilage. 
 
 SYNCHRONIC, or SYNCHRONICAL. adj. Hap- 
 pening at the same time. G. sun, with, and chronos, 
 tmie. 
 
 SYNCOPE', s. Fainting fit ; contraction of a word, by 
 cutting off a part in the middle. F. syncojiie; G. suji- 
 kope; sun, with, and kofito, to cut. 
 
 SYNDIC, s. The chief magistrate of a corporation or 
 a community. G. sundikos; sun, with, and dike, jus- 
 tice. 
 
 SYNECDOCHE, s. A figure, by which a part is sub- 
 stituted for the whole, or the whole for a part. G. 
 sunekdokS; comp. oi sun, with, ek, out of, and decho- 
 niaiy to take. 
 
 SYNOD, s. An assembly, particularly of ecclesiastics. 
 L. synodus; G. sunodos: sun, with, and odos, a way. 
 
 SYNONYMOUS, adj. Expressing the same thing ; of 
 the same meaning. G. sunonumos; sun, with, and 
 onuma, or onoma, a name. 
 
 SYNOPSIS. *. A general view; all the parts brought 
 under one view. G. sunofisis; sun, with, and ofis, a 
 view. 
 
 SYNTHESIS, s. The act of joining; the act of forming 
 a compound body ])y the union of elements : opposed 
 to analysis. G. sunthesis : sun, with, s.nd tit/ie?ni, to 
 put. 
 
 SYNTHETIC, adj. Conjoining; compounding: op- 
 posed to analytic. G. sunthetikos. — See SYNTHE- 
 SIS. 
 
 SYRINGE, s. An instrument for squirting liquids. G. 
 suringx, (fistula,) a pipe. 
 
 SYRINGOTOMY. s. The act or practice of cutting 
 fistulas or hollow sores. G. suiHngx-, (fistula,) a pipe, 
 and temno, to cut. 
 
 SYRTIS. *. A quick-sand, or shelf of sand, caused by 
 the motion of a whirlpool ; a bog. L. syrtis; G. surtis, 
 a whirlpool : from suro^ to draw. 
 
SYS— TAI 
 
 SYSTEM, s. Combination of many things acting to- 
 gether; a scheme which reduces many things to re- 
 gular dependence or co-operation ; organization ; 
 scheme; mode. F. systemej G. susietna: sun, with, 
 and istemi, to put. 
 
 SYSTOLE, s. In anatomy, the contraction of the 
 heart ; in grammar, the shortening of a long syllable. 
 F. systole; G. sustole: su?i, with, and stcllo, to draw 
 together. 
 
 SYSTYLE. s. A building, in which the pillars stand 
 near together. G. sun, with, and stulos, a pillar. 
 
 T. 
 
 TABERNACLE, s. A temporary habitation; a sacred 
 place; a place of worship. L. tabernaculum, a little 
 house made of boards; from tabula^ a board. 
 
 TABID, adj. Wasted by disease; consumptive. L. ra- 
 bidus: tabeo, to consume. 
 
 TABLE, s. Any flat or level surface; a flat board, 
 stone. Sec. used for meals and other purposes; a ta- 
 blet; a surface on which any thing is written or en- 
 graved; an index; a catalogue; a synopsis. Sec. F. ta- 
 ble; L. tabula., a board or table. 
 
 TABLE D'HOTE. A public table; table of an inn. 
 F. table^ a table, rfe, of, hote, an innkeeper. 
 
 TABULAR, adj. Delineated or described in the form 
 of tables or a synopsis. L. tabularis. — See TABLE. 
 
 TABULATED. Gf/;. Tabular; having flat surfaces. — See 
 TABLE. 
 
 TACIT, adj. Silent; implied; not expressed by words. 
 L. tacitus; from taceo., to be silent. 
 
 TACITURNITY, s. Habitual silence. L. taciturjiitas. 
 —See TACIT. 
 
 TACTICS, s. The science or art of arrang-ing armies 
 and fleets for battle. G. taktike: tasso., to put \\\ order. 
 
 TJEDIUM VITM. Weariness of life. L. 
 
 TAILOR, s. One whose business is to make clothes. 
 F. tailleur: talller^ to cut. 
 
 TAINT. V. To stain or sully [the reputation;] to in- 
 4"ect; to corrupt ; to putrefy. F. teindre, to dye. 
 [26] 
 
TAL— TEC 
 
 TALENT, s. A talent anciently signified a certain 
 weight, or a sum of money; the value diifering, in 
 different ages and countries. By a metaphor, taken 
 from the talents mentioned in the New Testament, 
 the term is used to express faculty, power, or gift of 
 nature. L. talentum. 
 
 TALLY, s. A stick, notched in conformity with an- 
 other stick, with the units of an account; a single 
 notch or mark of any sort, to represent one. F. taille: 
 from tailler^ to cut. 
 
 TALLY. ~o. To fit; to be suitable; to conform; to mark 
 one. — From the substantive. 
 
 TANGENT, s. A right line, perpendicularly raised on 
 the extremity of a radius, and touching a circle, so as 
 not to cut it. F. tangent; L. tangens^ part, of tango^ 
 to touch. 
 
 TANGIBLE, adj. Perceptible by the touch; possible 
 to be realized, so as to be made a subject of inquiry. 
 L. tango^ to touch. 
 
 TANGLE, t;.— See ENTANGLE. 
 
 TANTALIZE, -u. To torment by the show of pleasure, 
 which cannot be reached. Derived from Tantalus^ a 
 liing of Lydia; who is represented, by the poets, as 
 punished in hell by an insatiable thirst, and placed up 
 to his chin in a pool of water, which flows away as 
 soon as he attempts to taste it. 
 
 TANTAMOUNT, adj. Equivalent. F. tantamount: 
 tant, as much as, and monter^ to mount, or go up. 
 
 TAPIS. 8. " On the tafiis^^' — on the carpet; having be- 
 come the subject of debate. F. 
 
 TARDY, adj. Slow; sluggish. L. tardus: from tardo^ 
 to stop. 
 
 TARTAREAN, adj. Hellish. L. tartarus: G. tarta- 
 ros: from tarasso, to trouble. 
 
 TAURUS, s. A sign of the zodiac. L. taurus, a bull. 
 
 TAUTOLOGY, s. Repetition of the same words, or 
 of the same sense, in diff*erent words. G. tautologia; 
 tauto, the sam.e, and logos, a word. 
 
 TAVERN, s. An inn, or, rather, a house in which re- 
 freshments are sold. F. taverne; L. taberna, a small 
 house made of boards: tabula, a board. 
 
 TECHNICAL, adj. Belonging to arts j pertaining to 
 
TEC— TEM 
 
 some mechanical or professional business, and there- 
 fore not commonly understood. G. technikos: from 
 techne^ an art. 
 
 TECHNOLOGY, s. A description of arts; a treatise 
 on mechanics. G. techne^ art, and logos, a wovd, or 
 description. 
 
 TECTONIC, adj. Pertaining to building. G. tektoni- 
 kos: tekton, a builder. 
 
 TE DEUM. s. A hymn, so called because it begins 
 with the words, Te Deum laudannis, we praise thee, 
 God: — tu Deus laudo. 
 
 TEDIOUS, adj. Wearisome by continuance, or by rea- 
 son of prolixity; slow. L. tadiuin, weariness. 
 
 TEGUMENT. .9. In anatomy, a cover; the outward 
 part. L. tcgurne7itum; tego, to cover. 
 
 TELEGRAPH. 6'. An instrument which answers the 
 purpose of writing, by conveying intelligence to a dis- 
 tance, by means of signals. G. telos, the extremity, 
 and grafiho, to write. 
 
 TELESCOPE, s. An optical tube for viewing distant 
 objects. G. telos, the extremity, and skofieo, to view. 
 
 TEMERITY, s. Rashness; unreasonable contempt of 
 danger. L. temeritas: froin temno, to despise. 
 
 TEMPER. i\ To mix, so as that one part qualifies the 
 other; to bring to due proportion; to moderate; to 
 form metals to a proper degree of hardness. L. tem- 
 jiero: from temfiore, abl. of temjius, time, a conveni- 
 ence, suitableness to the time present. Sec. 
 
 TEMPER. s.Due mixture of different or contrary 
 qualities; constitution of body; disposition of mind; 
 frame of mind; moderation; state to which metals are 
 reduced, particularly as to hardness. — See the verb. 
 
 TEMPERATE, adj. Not excessive; moderate. L. tern- 
 peratus^ part, of ttmpero. — See TEMPER. 
 
 TEMPEST, s. Extreme violence of wind ; an exces- 
 sively destructive storm; tumult; perturbation. L. 
 teinjiestas^ time, season, weather, boisterous weather ; 
 from temfius, time. 
 
 TEMPORAL, adj. Measured by time ; not eternal; se- 
 cular ; not ecclesiastical; worldly; not spiritual. L. 
 tevijioralia: temfioris, gen. Q>i temjius, time. 
 
 TEMPORARY, adj. Lasting or continuing only a 
 
TEM— TEN 
 
 limited time: opposed to permanent. L. temporariun ; 
 temfioris, gen. of temfius^ time. 
 
 TEMPT, -v. To incite, by presenting some pleasure or 
 advantage; to entice; to provoke. L. tento^ to try. 
 
 TENABLE, adj. Such as may be held against attacks; 
 such as may be maintained against opposition. F. ttna- 
 ble: L. teneo^ to hold fast. 
 
 TENACIOUS, adj. Adhesive; inclined to hold fast; 
 retentive; obstinate. L. tenax: teneo.^ to hold fast. 
 
 TENACITY. 5. Adhesiveness; glutinosity ; reten- 
 tiveness ; obstinacy. F. tenacite; L. tenacitas: teneo, 
 to hold. 
 
 TENANCY, s. Possession as a tenant.— See TENANT. 
 
 TENANT. 5. One that holds by the authority of an- 
 other; one that has temporary possession of lands, Sec. 
 under a landlord. F. tenant: L. tenens^ part, of teneo, 
 to hold. 
 
 TEND. V. To move towards; to be directed to any end 
 or purpose; to contribute; to nurse or guard. L. ten- 
 do., to stretch out. 
 
 TENDENCE, or TENDENCY, s. Motion or direction 
 towards; inclination towards. L. tendens^ part, oi ten- 
 do.^See TEND. 
 
 TENDER, adj. Soft; easily impressed or injured; deli- 
 cate ; sensitive ; compassionate ; gentle. F. te?idre: 
 L. tendo, to stretch out, spread, or bend. 
 
 TENDER, -v. To offer; to propose for acceptance, s. 
 an offer or proposal. F. tendre: L. tendo^ to stretch 
 out. 
 
 TENDINOUS, adj. Sinewy; containing tendons. L. 
 tendinis. -^^eQ TENDON. 
 
 TENDON, s. A sinew; a ligature, by which the joints 
 are stretched out or contracted. F. tendon: L, tetidoy 
 to stretch out. 
 
 TENDRIL, s. The clasp of a vine or other climbing 
 plant. F. tendrillon: L. tcndo., to stretch out. 
 
 TENEBROUS, adj. Dark ; gloomy. L. tenebrosus: 
 tenebrcs.) darkness. 
 
 TENEMENT, s. Any thing held by a tenant. F. tene- 
 ment: L. tenementum: teneo^ to hold. 
 
 TENET, s. Principle; position. L. teiieo^ to hold. 
 
TEN— TER 
 
 TENON, s. The end of a piece of timber, cut so as to 
 be fitted into another piece. F. tenon: L. tcjieo^ to 
 hold. 
 
 TENOR, or TENOUR. .9. Continuity of state ; con> 
 stant mode; general currency; meaning; design; also, 
 a term in music. L. tenor: from teneo^ to hold. 
 
 TENSE, adj. Stretched ; tight. L. tensua^ p. part, of 
 tendo^ to stretch out. 
 
 TENSE, s. In grammar, a variation of the verb, to sig- 
 nify time. F. temjis; L. temjius^ time. 
 
 TENSILE, adj. Capable of being stretched or extended. 
 L. tensilis. — See TENSE. 
 
 TENSION, s. Act of stretching or extending; state of 
 being stretched or extended. F. tension, — See TENSE. 
 
 TENT. s. A moveable lodging-place or cabin, com- 
 monly made by stretching canvass over poles. F. 
 tente; L. tentorium.; from tendo^ to stretch. 
 
 TENTER. 8. A hook on which things are stretched. L, 
 tentus^ p. part, of tendo^ to stretch. 
 
 TENUITY, s. Thinness; smallness. F. tenuite; L. te- 
 nuitas: tenuis, slender: from teneo, to hold; that is, 
 to hold easily. 
 
 TENUOUS, adj. Thin; small. L. tenuis; from teneo, to 
 hold ; that is, to hold easily. 
 
 TENURE, s. The conditions on which tenements arc 
 held, in relation to the service to be rendered, extent 
 of the lease, amount of rent, mode of payment, he; 
 period or conditions of holding things in general. F. 
 tenure: L. teneo, to hold. 
 
 TEPEFACTION. s. The act of moderately warming. 
 L. tepefactus, p. part, of tefiefacio: teftidus, (from 
 tepeo^ moderately warm, and ybczo, to make. 
 
 TEPID, adj. Moderately warm: L. tefiidus; from tefieo^ 
 to be moderately w^arm. 
 
 TERGIVERSATION, s. Subterfuge or evasion; change; 
 fickleness. L. tcrgiversatio; tergum., the back, and ver- 
 so., (from verto.,) to turn often. 
 
 TERM. s. Limit ; appellation ; condition, stipulation ; 
 period ; time of being assembled for the transaction 
 of business. L. terminus, a boundary. 
 
 TERMINATE, -v. To limit; to end; to stop. L. termi- 
 noy to set bounds. 
 [26»] 
 
TER— TES 
 
 TERNARY, adj. Proceeding by threes; consisting ol 
 three. L. ternarius: from te7', thrice. 
 
 TERRACE, s. A small mount of earth covered with 
 grass; a balcony; an open gallery. F. terrace: L. ter- 
 ra^ earth. 
 
 TERRAQUEOUS, adj. Composed of land and water. 
 L. terra<f land, and agua, water. 
 
 TERRENE, adj. Earthly; terrestrial. L. terrenus: terra, 
 the earth. 
 
 TERRESTRIAL, adj. Earthly ; not celestial. L. ter- 
 restris: terra, the earth. 
 
 TERRIER, s. A dog that follows his game under 
 ground. F. terrier: L. terra, earth. 
 
 TERRIFIC, adj. Dreadful ; causing terror. L. terrijl- 
 cus: terror, terror, and yaczo, to make. 
 
 TERRITORY, s. Land; dominion; district. L. territo- 
 rium: terra, land. 
 
 TERROR, s. Fear; dread. L. terror: terreo, to af- 
 fright. 
 
 TERSE. c(^y. Neat; elegant, without pompousness. F. 
 ters; L. tersus, p. part, of tergeo, to make clean. 
 
 TERTIAN, adj. A tertian fever intermits every third 
 day.. L. tert'iana: tertius, the third : tres, three. 
 
 TESSELATED. adj. Variegated by squares. L. tes- 
 sella, a small square stone, or piece of wood, kc. G. 
 tcssara, four; (a square has four sides.) 
 
 TEST. *. Proof; trial, or examination. F. test: L. testis, 
 a witness. 
 
 TESTACEOUS, adj. Consisting of shells; composed 
 of shells ; having continuous, not jointed shells. L. 
 testaceus: testa, a shell-fish. 
 
 TESTAMENT, s. Evidence of a will, or intention as 
 to the disposal of property after death ; evidence of 
 Divine revelation and commandments, contained in 
 the sacred volumes, called the New and Old Testa- 
 ments. F. testament; L. testamentum: testis, a wit- 
 ness, and mentis, (gen. of mens,) of the intention. 
 
 TESTAMENTARY, adj. Given by testament or will; 
 contained in a will.— -See TESTAMENT. 
 
 TESTATE, adj. Having made a will. L. testatus, part, 
 of tester^ to bear -witness: from testisy a witness. 
 
TES— TEX 
 
 TESTATOR, s. One who makes a will. L. from testis, 
 
 a witnesb. 
 TESTIFY. V. To witness; to give evidence. F. testi' 
 
 jier; L. testijicor: comp. of testis^ a witness, and /acio, 
 
 to make. 
 TESTIMONY, s. Evidence given; proof by witness. 
 
 L. testimonium: testis^ a witness, and moneo^ to put 
 
 in mind. 
 TESTUDINOUS. adj. Resembling the shell of a tor- 
 toise. L. testudi7ieus; from testudo^ a tortoise. 
 TETANUS, s. A contraction; a kmd of stiffness or 
 
 rigidity in any part of the body. G. tetanos: teino, to 
 
 stretch. 
 TETE A TETE. "Head to head;" a familiar dis- 
 course. F. 
 TETRAGONAL, adj. Square; consisting of four sides 
 
 and angles. G. tetra, four, and gonia., a corner. 
 TETRAMETER, adj. Consisting of four poetical mea- 
 sures. G. tetrametros : tctra^ four, and metreo, to 
 
 measure. 
 TETRANDRIA. s. A genus of plants with hermaphro- 
 dite flowers and four male stamina. G. tetra^ four, and 
 
 aner.) a male. 
 TETRAPETALOUS. adj. Having four leaves around 
 
 the style. G, tetra^ four, and petalon., a leaf. 
 TETRAPLA. s. A bible in four columns, by Origen, 
 
 each column containing a different Greek version. G. 
 
 tetraploos.) fourfold. 
 TETRAPTOTE. s. A noun with only four cases. G. 
 
 tetra., four, and/?rosz5, a case. 
 TETRARCH. adj. One who governed the fourth part 
 
 of a Roman province. L. tetrarcha; G. tetrarches: 
 
 tetra., four, and arclios^ a chief. 
 TETRASTIC. s. An epigram or stanza of four verses. 
 
 G. tetrastichos: tetra., four, and stichos, a verse. 
 TETRASTYLE. s. A building with four cokimns in 
 
 front; a building with four pillars on a side. G. tetra, 
 
 four, and stulos, a pillar. 
 TEXT. s. That on which a comment is written or 
 
 spoken; a sentence of scripture. F. texte; L. textus, 
 
 p. part, of texo, to weave, or build. 
 
TEX— THO 
 
 TEXTILE, adj. Woven; capable of being woven. L, 
 textilis; textus^ p. part, of texo^ to weave. 
 
 TEXTURE, 5. Something- woven; manner of weaving; 
 combination of parts. L. textura: textus^ p. part, of 
 texo^ to weave. 
 
 THEATRE, 6-. A place of exhibition; a playhouse. F. 
 theatre; L. theatruirii G. theatron: from theama^ to 
 behold. 
 
 THEIST. s. One who believes in God. G. Theoft^ God. 
 
 THEME, s. A subject on which a person speaks or 
 . writes; a short scholastic dissertation ; the radical, or 
 original word from which another is derived. G. the- 
 ma; from theo^ (pono^) to place or lay down. 
 
 THEOCRACY, s. Government immediately superin- 
 tended by God. F. theocratie; G. Theos, God, and 
 krateo^ to govern. 
 
 THEOGONY. s. Fabulous generation of the gods. G. 
 theogonia: theos^ a god, and gone, offspring. 
 
 THEOLOGY, s. The science of divinity. G. theologia; 
 Theos, God, and logos, a description. 
 
 THEOREM. 5. A position laid down as an acknow- 
 ledged truth. G. theorema: theo, (fiono,) to place, or 
 lay down. 
 
 THEORETIC, or THEORETICAL, adj. Speculative; 
 depending on theory or speculation; not practical. G 
 theoretikos.'—'^^Q THEORY. 
 
 THEORY. 5. Speculation; knowledge obtained by look- 
 ing on, or from books, not from practice; scheme or 
 plan. G. theorem; from theoros, a spectator. 
 
 THERAPEUTIC, adj. Teaching the cure of diseases. 
 G. therajieutikos; therafieiio, to heal. 
 
 THERMOMETER, s. An instrument for measuring 
 degrees of heat. G. therme, heat, and metrco, to mea- 
 sure. 
 
 THESIS, s. A position ; something laid down, either 
 affirmatively or negatively. Q. thesis: tithemi, (fiono,) 
 to place, or lay down. 
 
 THORACIC, adj. Belonging to the breast. L. thoracis, 
 gen. of thorax, the inner part of the breast. G. thorax. 
 
 THORAL. adj. Relating to a bed. L. thorus or toros, 
 twisted grass or straw, on which the ancients laid 
 
THR— .TOP 
 
 their bed-furniture for the convenience of sleeping. G. 
 tor OS, a rope. 
 
 THRONE. 5. A royal seat; the seat of a bishop. L. 
 thronus; G. thronos: from threw, to sit. 
 
 TIMID, adj. Fearful; timorous; wanting courage. L. 
 timidus: timeo, to fear. 
 
 TIMOROUS, adj. Fearful; timid. L. timor, fear. 
 
 TINCTURE, s. Portion of extrinsic quality; extract of 
 some drug, made in spirits. L. tinctura; tinctus, p, 
 part, of tingo, to dye. 
 
 TINGE. V. To impregnate or affect with some extrinsic 
 colour or quality. L. tingo, to dye. 
 
 TINT. s. A dye; a colour. F. teinte: L. tinctus, p. part, 
 of tingo, to dye. 
 
 TITLE. s\ A general head, comprising particulars; an 
 appellation of honour; a name; a claim of right. L. 
 titulus. 
 
 TITULAR, adj. Nominal ; having or conferring only 
 the Litle. F. titidaire, — See TITLE. 
 
 TOAST, s. Bread, scorched before afire, and generally 
 eaten with butter, but sometimes sopped or immersed 
 in a liquor for drinking; a celebrated woman, whose 
 health is often drank; any person or sentiment ex- 
 pressed before drinking. L. tostus, p. part, of torreo^ 
 to roast, or scorch. 
 
 TOGA VIRILIS. "The manly robe;" the dress as- 
 sumed by the Roman youth, on reaching a certain pe- 
 riod of life. L. toga, a gown, or robe, andi^zr/Z/s, (from 
 vir,) manly. 
 
 TOMB. s. A sepulchral monument, or grave. F. tombe: 
 L. tumulus, a little hill ; from tumeo, to swell. 
 
 TOMETICxA.. s. Medicines for opening the pores, and 
 dispersing viscous humours. G. temno, to cut. 
 
 TONSOR. s. A barber. L. tonsor: tonsus, p. part, of 
 tondeo, to clip. 
 
 TONSURE, s. The act of clipping or shaving the 
 hair; the part shaven. F. tonsure; L. tonsura: toiisus, 
 p. part, of tondeo, to clip. 
 
 TOPARCH. s. The chief man of a place; a lord or 
 governor of a small country. G. tofios, a place, and 
 archos, a chief. 
 
 TOPIC. *. Subject of discourse ; a general head, to 
 
TOP— TOU 
 
 which other things are referred ; an external remedy, 
 applied to some particular part. F. tofiique; G. tojios.^ 
 a place. 
 
 TOPICAL, adj. Relating to some general head; local; 
 confined to some particular place; applied, as a re- 
 medy, to some particular part. — See TOPIC. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHY, s. Description of particular places. 
 F. tofiograjihie : G. topos^ a place, and grajiho^ to 
 write. 
 
 TORNADO. 5. A whirlwind : a hurricane. Spanish ; 
 from the L. tornatus, p. part, of torno^ to turn as a 
 wheel. G. torno-o. 
 
 TORPEDO, s. A fish, which, when living, is said to 
 communicate numbness by an electric shock; a sub- 
 marine engine, invented by Robert Fulton of Penn- 
 sylvania, for destroying an enemy's ships. L. torpedo: 
 torpeo^ to be numbed. 
 
 TORPID, adj. Benumbed; motionless; inactive. L. 
 torpidus.'^SQe TORPOR. 
 
 TORPOR, s. Numbness ; inability to move; dulness of 
 sensation. L. 
 
 TORREFACTION. s. Act of roasting, or drying by 
 the fire. F. torrefaction: L. torrefactus, p. part, of 
 torrefacio : comp. of torreo, to roast, and Jlacio, to 
 make. 
 
 TORRID, adj. Parched; scorching. L. torridus; from 
 torreo^ to roast. 
 
 TORTUOUS, adj. Twisted ; winding. L. tortuosus: 
 tortus.) p. part, of torqueo^ to writhe. 
 
 TORTURE, s. Infliction of pain; pain, by v.'hich guilt 
 is punished, or confession extorted; extreme pain. L. 
 tortura: torturusy (future part, of torcjueo,') about to 
 writhe. 
 
 TOTAL, adj. Whole; complete; full. L. totalis; tot, so 
 many, just so much. 
 
 TOUPET. s. A little tuft of hair. F. from tou/iier, to 
 whirl about. 
 
 TOUR. s. A journey, comprehending many places, and 
 requiring various turnings. F. from tourner., to turn, 
 or wind around: L. torno. 
 
 TOURNAMENT, s. Tilt; joust; mock encounter. F. 
 
TOU— TRA 
 
 tournoyement; tournoyer^ tournevy to whirl about. L. 
 torno. 
 
 TOURNIQUET, s. A surgical instrument, used in 
 amputation, Sec. capable of being straitened or re- 
 laxed by turning a handle. F. from tourner^ to turn. 
 
 TRACE, s. Mark left by any thing passing; appear- 
 ance of what has been; harness by which a beast 
 .draws a carriage, &c. (verb, — to follow by the trace 
 or remaining mark; to delineate, Sec.) F. trace. — See 
 TRACK. 
 
 TRACK, s. Trace; mark impressed on a road by any 
 thing draw?! over it; impression; beaten path. L. 
 tractus; from the p. part, of traho, to draw. 
 
 TRACT, s. A region, the bounrlaries of which are sup- 
 posed to be traced out, or defined; a treatise ; a small 
 book. L. tractus: from a part, of traho, to draw. 
 
 TRACTABLE, adj. Manageable; docile; compliant. 
 L. tractabilis: tractus., p. part, of ?raAo, to draw. 
 
 TRACTILE, adj. Capable of being drawn out; ductile. 
 —See TRACTABLE. 
 
 TRADE, s. Traffic ; mutual delivery or exchange of 
 merchandise; species of traffic. L. trado, to deliver. 
 
 TRADITION, s. Delivery or oral communication of 
 occurrences, from one age to another ; an occur- 
 rence thus communicated. L. traditio : from trado, 
 to deliver. 
 
 TRADUCE. V. To censure, or calumniate. L. traduco: 
 trans, across, and duco, to lead. 
 
 TRADUCIBLE. adj. Deliverable; derivable. L. tra- 
 duco: trans, across, or from one place to another, and 
 duco, to lead. 
 
 TRAFFIC, s. To trade. Italian, traffico : L. ^rans, 
 across, or from one place to another, andyac/o,to make, 
 or do. 
 
 TRAGEDY, s. A dramatic representation of a serious 
 and affecting kind; a mournful event; a dreadful ca- 
 tastrophe. L. tragoedia; G. tragodia; from tragos, a 
 male-goat, and ode, a song. Tragedy, which has at- 
 tained so high dignity, was, at first, only a trial of iam- 
 bics between two peasants, and a goat was the prize : 
 thus, Horace calls it, vile certamen ob hircunif^^^ a 
 mean contest for a he- goat.'* 
 
TRA— TRA 
 
 TRAGIC, or TRAGICAL, adj. Relating to tragedy; 
 mournful; calamitous; dreadful. L. tragicus. — Sec 
 TRAGEDY. 
 
 TRAIN, -v. To educate; to teach ; to exercise. F. train- 
 er; L. trahendus^ p. future part, of traho^ to draw. 
 
 TRAIN, s. That which is designed to be drawn after 
 any thing, — as, the tail of a bird, the tail of a gown, 
 or cannon accompanying an army ; a connected se- 
 ries, in which one thing is followed by another ; pro- 
 cess ; method ; retinue ; a trail or line of powder, 
 reaching to a mine. Sec. F. train: L. tra/iendus, (to 
 be drawn,) p. future part, of tra/io, to draw. 
 
 TRAIT, s. Sketch; moral picture; moral feature; ac- 
 tion, or striking occurrence in human life, (generally 
 pronounced tray,) F. trait, (formerly traict:) L. ti'ac- 
 tus; from the p. part, oi tra/io, to draw. 
 
 TRAITOR, s. One who delivers, to an enemy, that 
 with which he has been entrusted ; one who, being 
 trusted, betrays. F. traitre; L. traditor: trado, to de- 
 liver, or yield. 
 
 TRAJECT. s. A ferry; a means of passing across a 
 river. L. trajectus; from the p. part, of trajicio; trans, 
 across, and ^ac/o, to throw. 
 
 TRAJECT. V. To throw across; to cast. — See the 
 substantive. 
 
 TRAMMEL, s. A net; a kind of shackles, in which 
 horses are taught to pace ; a human snare ; an imped- 
 iment or obstruction. F. tramaii; L. trames, a cross 
 way: tramissus, p. part, oi tra7nitto, (for transmitto:) 
 trans, across, and mitto, to send. 
 
 TRANCE.—See TRANSE. 
 
 TRANSACT, v. To negotiate; to manage; to perform ; 
 to do. L. transactum, sup. of transigo: comp. of 
 trans, across, or from one place to another, and ago, 
 to do. 
 
 TRANSCEND, v. To surpass; to exceed, or excel; 
 to surmount. L. transcendo: trans, beyond, and scan- 
 do, to climb. 
 
 TRANSCRIBE, v. To copy in writing. L. transcribe: 
 trans, across, or from one place to another, and scribo, 
 to write. 
 
TRA— TRA 
 
 TRANSCRIPT, s. A copy. L. tra^i script us, p. part. 
 oi transcribo.-^See TRANSCRIBE. 
 
 TRANSE. s. State of apparent death; sleep, unusually 
 prolonged. F. trans: L. transitus^ p. part, of transeo: 
 trans^ beyond, and eo, to go. 
 
 TRANSFER, v. To convey; to remove. L. transfero; 
 trans^ across, andy^^-o, to carry. 
 
 TRANSFIGURATION. 5. Change of form. I., trans- 
 Jiguratio; from transjiguro ; trans^ across, or from 
 one to another, and ^^^^ro, to shape. — See FIGURE. 
 
 TRANSFIX. V. To pierce through. L. transjixum, 
 sup. of tra7isJigo: trans^ across, and Jigo^ to stick or 
 fasten. 
 
 TRANSFORM, v. To metamorphose; to change the 
 shape. L. transformo: trans^ across, or from one to 
 another, and /brma, shape. 
 
 TRANSFUSE, v. To pour out of one into another; to 
 spread. 'Li. transfusum^ sup. of trans/undo: tra7iSy 
 across, or beyond, ^mdfimdo, to pour. 
 
 TRANSGRESS, v. To pass beyond; to violate; to of- 
 fend, by violating a law. L. transgressu?n, sup. of 
 transgredior: trans, beyond, and gradior, to walk : 
 gradus, a step. 
 
 TRANSIENT, adj. Soon past ; soon passing; moment- 
 ary. L. transiens, part, of transeo: trans, across, and 
 eo, to go. 
 
 TRANSIT, s. Passage ; the passage of any planet over 
 the sun, moon, or stars. L. trayisitiis. — See TRANSI- 
 TION. 
 
 TRANSITION, s. Removal ; passage from one state 
 or thing to another ; change. L. transitio : transitus, 
 part, of transeo: trans, across, and eo, to go. 
 
 TRANSITIVE, adj. Having the power of passing; (in 
 grammar,) a verb transitive is that which signifies an 
 action, conceived as having an effect upon some ob- 
 ject. L. transitivus. — See TRANSITION. 
 
 TRANSITORY, adj. Continuing only a short time ; 
 speedily vanishing. L. transitorius. — See TRANSI- 
 TION. 
 
 TRANSLATE, -u. To remove; to convey; to change 
 into another language. L. traiislatuin^ sup. of trans- 
 
TRA— TRA 
 
 fero: trans^ across, or from one to another, and fero^ 
 to carry. 
 
 TRANSLOCATION, s. Change of place. L. trans, 
 across, or from one to another, and locus, a place. 
 
 TRANSLUCENT, or TRANSLUCID. adj. Transpa- 
 rent; clear; affording a passage to the light through 
 its pores. L. translucens, part, of transluceo, to shine 
 through: comp. of trans, across, and luceo, to shine. 
 Translucid is derived from translucidus. 
 
 TRANSMARINE, adj. Situated on the other side of 
 the sea; found beyond sea. L. trans mariniis ; trans, 
 across or beyond, and mare, the sea. 
 
 TRANSMIGRATION, s. Passage from one place or 
 state into another. L. transmigratus, p. part, of trans- 
 migro; from trans, across, meaning from one to an- 
 other, and migro, to remove. 
 
 TRANSMISSION, s. Act of transmitting. L. trans- 
 mis sio : transmissus, p. part, of transmitto. — See 
 TRANSMIT. 
 
 TRANSMIT, -v. To send from one person or place to 
 another. L. transmitto : transy across, and mitto, to 
 send. 
 
 TRANSMUTE, v. To change from one nature to an- 
 other. L. transmuto : from trans, across, meaning 
 from one to another, and muto, to change. 
 
 TRANSPARENT, adj. Allowing the light to pass 
 through its pores; clear; pellucid; not opaque. F. 
 transparent: L. trans^ across, and apparens, part, of 
 afijiareo, to appear. 
 
 TRANSPIERCE, v. To pierce through; to transfix. 
 L. trans, across, and pierce. 
 
 TRANSPIRE. V. To perspire ; to escape from secrecy 
 to publicity. L. transjiiro: trajis, across or beyond, 
 and sp.iro^ to breathe. 
 
 TRANSPLANT, -v. To remove, and plant in another 
 place ; to remove and settle. L. trans, across, or be- 
 yond, and plant. 
 
 TRANSPORT, -v. To carry from one place to an- 
 other ; to hurry by violence of passion ; to put into 
 extasy. L. transporto: trans, across, or beyond, and 
 porto, to carry. 
 
TRA— TRE 
 
 TRANSPORT, s. Conveyance ; a vessel in which sol- 
 diers or munitions of war are conveyed ; extasy. — Set; 
 the verb. 
 
 TRANSPOSE. V. To alter, interchangeably, the posi- 
 tion of things or words. F. t7^ans/ioser : L. trans- 
 /lositufHj sup. of transjiono: trans, across, and pono, 
 to place. 
 
 TRANSUBSTANTIATION. s. A miraculous opera- 
 tion, believed in the Church of Rome, by which tlie 
 bread and wine of the eucharist are supposed to be 
 changed into the real body and blood of Christ. F. 
 ti-ansiibstantiation; L. trans, across, or from one to 
 another, and substantia, substance. 
 
 TRANSUDE, v. To pass through in sweat, or vapour. 
 L. trans, across or beyond, and sudo, to sweat. 
 
 TRANSVERSE, adj. In a direction across. L. trans- 
 versus, p. part, oitransverto: tra?is, across, and -verio,, 
 to turn. 
 
 TRAVAIL. V. To labour ; to toil ; to harass ; to be in 
 labour; to suffer the pains of childbirth. F. travailler^ 
 to trouble. 
 
 TRAVEL, -v. To make a journey; to pass; to move. 
 This verb is generally supposed to be the same as 
 travail; though it is now differently spelled, when 
 expressing the toil of a journey. Sec. 
 
 TRAVERSE, adj. Lying across; — s. that which lies 
 across; a thwarting obstacle. Sec. F. traverse. — See 
 TRANSVERSE. 
 
 TRAVEP..SE. V. To cross; to thwart; to oppose, or 
 cross by an objection ; to travel over. F. traverser.*— > 
 See TRANSVERSE. 
 
 TRAVESTY, s. A burlesque imitation. F. travesti, 
 part, of travestir, to disguise. L. trans, across, mean- 
 ing contrariety or opposition, and vestis, a garment. 
 
 TREACHERY, s. Perfidy; breach of faith. F. triche- 
 rie ; from tricher, to cheat. L. tricor, to trifle, or 
 baffle. 
 
 TREASON. .9. An offence committed against the safety 
 of a people, or of a sovereign or state. F. trahison; 
 from trahissant, part, of truhir, to betray. L. traho, to 
 draw, or entice. 
 
 TREASURY, s. A place in which money is deposited. 
 
TRE— TRI 
 
 F. treaorerie; L. thesaurus; G. thcsaiiros: comp. oi 
 
 thesis^ a place, and auros^ riches. 
 TREAT. V. To negotiate; to discourse on; to use in 
 
 any manner, well or ill ; to conduct ; to manage ; to 
 
 entertain gratuitously. F. traiter; L. tracto; from trac- 
 
 turn, sup. of traho^ to draw, or stretch out, lead, al- 
 lure, or contract. 
 TREATISE, s. Written discourse ; tract. See 
 
 TREAT. 
 TREATY, i?. Negotiation; compact.— See TREAT. 
 TREBLE, adj. Threefold; (in music,) of a sharp sound. 
 
 F. triple.-~SeG TRIPLE. 
 TREFOIL, s. A species of clover, or three-leaved 
 
 grass. L. trefolium: tres^ tlu'ee, and folium^ a leaf. 
 TREMBLE, -u. To shake as with fear or cold ; to 
 
 quake; to quaver; to shudder; to totter. F. trembler; 
 
 L. tremo^ to shake. 
 TREMENDOUS, adj. Dreadful; astonishingly terrible. 
 
 L. tremendus: from tremo^ to shake. 
 TREMOR, or TREMOUR. s. State of trembling; 
 
 quivering or vibratory motion. L. tremor: tremo^ to 
 
 shake. 
 TREMULOUS, adj. Trembling; fearful; quivering; 
 
 vibratory. L. tremulus. — See TREMOR. 
 TRENCH. 8. A pit or ditch. F. tranche: trancher, to 
 
 cut : L. truncOn, to chop off. 
 TRENCHANT, adj. Cutting; sharp. F. tranchanty 
 
 part. o{ trancher; L. trunco^ to chop off. 
 TRENCHER, s. A wooden plate, on which meat is 
 
 cut at table. F. trenchoir; trencher^io cut: L. truncoy 
 
 to cut into pieces. 
 TREPAN, s. An instrument used for cutting circular 
 
 pieces out of the skull. F. trepan: G. trefio^ to turn. 
 TREPIDATION, s. State of trembling, or quivering; 
 
 state of being terrified. L. trefiidatio : trejiido^ to 
 
 quake for fear, or be amazed : G. trejio.^ to turn 
 
 about. 
 TRESPASS, -v. To transgress; to offend; to enter un- 
 lawfully into another's ground. F. trespasser: L. 
 
 transy across, and fiassus^ a step. 
 TREY. s. A three, of cards, dice, he. L. tres, three, 
 TRIAD, s. Three united. L. trias: tres^ three. 
 
TRI— .TRI 
 
 TRIANGLE, u^. Havini^- three angles. L. trian^ulnm: 
 trcs^ three, and angulum^ an angle. 
 
 TRIBE, s. A cUstmct body of people, as distinguished 
 by nation, family, or fortune. In the reign of Romu- 
 lus, after a treaty had been made with the invading 
 Sabincs, it was agreed, that Rome should be inhabited 
 by Romans and Sabines, in common; and that they 
 should be divided into three sections, (tribus^) called 
 Rhamnanses, Talienses, and Lucrenses. The word 
 tribe is, therefore, derived from an inflexion of the 
 L. adj. tres, three. 
 
 TRIBULATION, s. Persecution; distress; vexation. 
 F. tribulation: L. tribulo^ to thresh. 
 
 TRIBUNAL, s. The seat of a judge; a court of justice. 
 L. tribitnaL-^^QC TRIBUNE. 
 
 TRIBUNE, s. Originally, the chief officer of a Roman 
 tribe ; afterwards, an officer of Rome, chosen by the 
 people, to guard their liberties; or the commander of 
 a cohort. L. tribunus. — See TRIBE. 
 
 TRIBUTARY, adj. Subject to pay tribute; relating 
 to tribute; paid in tribute; subordinate. L. tributa- 
 riu,^.—See TRIBUTE. 
 
 TRIBUTE, s. Payment made by a subjected people to 
 their victors; acknowledgment. L. tributum; tribuoy 
 to give, or grant. 
 
 TRICHOPHYLLON. s. A plant with leaves resem- 
 bling hair. G. trichion^ hair, fihullon^ a leaf. 
 
 TRIC'OLOURED. adj. Having throe colours. L. tres^ 
 three, and coloured. 
 
 TRIDENT, s. A three-pronged sceptre of Neptune. 
 L. tridens: tres^ three, and dens.^ a tooth, 
 
 TRIDUAN. adj. Lasting tiiree days; happening every 
 third day. L. triduum; tres, three, and dies., a day. 
 
 TRIENNIAL, adj. Lasting three years ; happening 
 once in three years. L. triennis; tres^ three, and «??► 
 72?/ .9, a year. 
 
 TRIFOLIATE, adj. Having three leaves. L. tres^ 
 three, dind/olium^ a leaf. 
 
 TRIFORM, adj. Having a triple shape. L. triformif^; 
 tres., three, and ybrm«, shape. 
 
 TRIGONAL, adj. Triangular; three-cornered. G. trl- 
 [27*3 
 
TRI— -TRI 
 
 gonon^ a triangle: trcis^ three, and gonia^ a corner, or 
 
 angle. 
 TRIGONOMETRY, s. The art of measurmg triangles. 
 
 G. trigonos^ a triangle, and metreo, to measure. 
 TRILATERAL, adj. Having three sides. F. trilate- 
 ral; L. tria^ (neuter of tres^) three, and latera^ pi. of 
 
 latus^ a side. 
 TRIMETER, adj. Consisting of three poetical mea- 
 sures. G. trimetros; treis, three, and metron^ a mea- 
 sure. 
 TRINAL. adj. Threefold. L. trinus: tres, three, and 
 
 unus, one. 
 TRINITY, s. Three in one. L. trinitas : tres^ three, 
 
 and unitas., unity: unus^ one. 
 TRIPARTITE, adj. Divided into three parts; having 
 
 three correspondent copies ; relating to three parties. 
 
 L. trifiartitus; comp. of tres.^ three, and partitusy p. 
 
 part, oipartioy to divide. 
 TRIPEDAL. adj. Having three feet. L. trifiedis^ gen. 
 
 of trifles; tres^ three, and /zes, a foot. 
 TRIPETALOUS. adj. Having a flower consisting of 
 
 three leaves. G. treis^ three, and fietalon^ a leaf. 
 TRIPHTHONG. «. The imaginary coalition of three 
 
 vowels to form one sound. G. treis^ three, and fihthon- 
 
 gosy a sound. 
 TRIPLE, adj. Threefold; treble. F. trifile; L. triplex; 
 
 comp. of trcs^ three, and jilico^ to fold. 
 TRIPLET. 8. Three of a kind; three verses rhyming 
 
 together.— See TRIPLE. 
 TRIPLICATE. 8. Made thrice as much ; a second 
 
 copy, or third of three of the same kind. L. triplica- 
 
 ^ws.—See TRIPLE. 
 TRIPOD. 8. A seat with three feet. G. tripous^ (gen. 
 
 tripodos;) from treis^ three, and pous, a foot. 
 TRIPTOTE. 8. A noun used only in three cases. L. 
 
 tri/itoto7i; G. trei8y three, 2Lnd ptosis, a case. 
 TRIREME. 8. A galley with three benches of oars. 
 
 L. triremis; from tres, three, and remus, an oar. 
 TRISECT. V. To cut into three parts. L. tres, three, 
 
 and seco, to cut. 
 TRISYLLABLE, s. A word consisting of three sylla- 
 bles. L. trisyllaba; trcsy three, and syllaba^ a syllable. 
 
TRI~-.TRU 
 
 TRITir.US. s. The tertian ague. G. tritaios, tertian; 
 treis^ three. 
 
 TRITE, adj. Worn out; common. L. iriius, p. part, of 
 to'o, to rub. 
 
 TRITURATE, v. To levigate or reduce to powder by 
 friction. L. trituro; from triturus^ (future part, of 
 tero^^ about to rub. 
 
 TRIUMPH, s. Pomp with which a victory is celebrated; 
 state of being victorious; conquest. L. triumjihus; G. 
 thriambos'y thrion^ a leaf, (meaning, of laurel,) and 
 embaino^ to go in state. 
 
 TRIUMVIRATE, or TRIUMVIRI, s. Coalition of 
 three men, as of Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus. L. trU 
 mnviratus, or triumviri; tres, three, and viri^ (pi. of 
 ■vir,) men. 
 
 TRIUNE, adj. Three and one, at the same time. L. tres, 
 three, and unus, one. 
 
 TRIVIAL, adj. Vulgar; trifling; unimportant; incon- 
 siderable. L. trivialis; trivium, a place where three 
 ■ways meet, (therefore,) a place of common resort: 
 tres^ three, and via^ a way. 
 
 TROCHOLICS. s. The art of wheel-work. G. trochosy 
 a wheel. 
 
 TROPE, s. Figurative change of a word from its origi- 
 nal signification. G. trofios; from trefio^ to turn. 
 
 TROPHY. .?. Something shown or treasured up in proof 
 of victory. L. trofiaium^ or trofihxum ; G. tropaion; 
 from trefiOy to turn; alluding to the flight or turning 
 of the enemy. 
 
 TROPIC. .9. The line at which the sun appears to re- 
 turn in his declination to the north or to the south. L. 
 tropicus. G. trefio^ to turn. 
 
 TROPICAL, adj. In grammar, figurative: from Trope; 
 — In astronomy, within or belonging to the tropics.— 
 See TROPIC. 
 
 TROVER, s. In the common law, an action which one 
 person has against another who has found any of the 
 plaintiff's goods, and refuses to deliver them. F. trou' 
 ver^ to find. 
 
 TRUCK, s. A. kind of carriage, with low wheels, for 
 carrying heavy weights. G. trochos^ a wheel. 
 
TRU— TUR 
 
 TRUCKLE, s. A small wheel; the moveable part of a 
 pulley. G. trochos, a wheel. 
 
 TRUNCATE, v. To lop; to cut short; to maim. L. 
 trunco. — See TRUNK. 
 
 TRUNCHEON, s. A short staff; a cudgel ; a staff of 
 command. F. tron^onj L. truncus^ cut short. 
 
 TRUNK, s. The body of a tree, exclusive of the 
 branches ; the body of an animal, without the limbs ; 
 a hollow piece of timber for conveying fluids ; a spe- 
 cies of chest ; the proboscis of an elephant. L. trim- 
 cus^ cut short. 
 
 TUBERCLE, s. A small swelling or excrescence ; 
 a pimple. L. tiiberculum; dim. of tuber ^ a puff, grow- 
 ing in the ground like a mushroom. 
 
 TUBEROUS, adj. Having prominent knots or excres- 
 cences. L. tuber osus; tuber ^ a puff growing in the 
 ground like a mushroom. 
 
 TUBULAR, adj. Resembling a pipe; consisting of a 
 pipe or pipes; fistular. L. tubus^ a conduit -pipe. 
 
 TUBULE. 6'. A small pipe, or fistular body. L. tubulusy 
 dim. q{ tubus, a conduit-pipe. 
 
 TUITION, s. Guardianship ; care exercised by a guar- 
 dian or tutor ; general instruction. L. tuitio : tutus^ 
 p. part, of tueor.) to behold, or defend. 
 
 TUMEFACTION, s. Swelling. L. tumefactio ; from 
 tuvicfactiis^ p. part, of tumefacio; comp. oi tumeo, to 
 swell, and facio., to make. 
 
 TUMID, arfy. Swelled; protuberant; pompous; falsely 
 sublime. L. tumidus; tumeo^ to swell. 
 
 TUMOUR, s. A morbid swelling. L. tumor; tumeo., to 
 swell. 
 
 TUMULOSE. adj. Full of little hills. L. tumulosus; 
 tumulus^ a hillock: from tumeo^ to swell. 
 
 TUMULT, s. Promiscuous commotion in a multitude ; 
 popular disturbance. L. tumultus ; from tumeo^ to 
 swell. 
 
 TUNIC, s. Part of the Roman dress ; (in anatomy,) 
 a natural covering or integument. L. tunica. 
 
 TUNICLE. s. Natural cover; integument. L. tunicula, 
 a little coat.— -See TUNIC. 
 
 TURBID, adj. Muddy. L. turbidus; turbo, a whirling 
 round. 
 
TUR— -TYP 
 
 TURBULENCE, s. Tumult; confusion; disorder. L. 
 turbulentia; turba^ a crowd : turbo^ a whirling round. 
 
 TURGESCENCE. s. The act of swelling; the state of 
 being swelled; vain magnificence. L. turgescens^ part, 
 of turgesco.—^Se,e TURGID. 
 
 TURGID, adj. Swelling; bloated; pompous; vainly- 
 magnificent. L. turgidus; from turgeo^ to swell. 
 
 TURPITUDE, s. Viieness ; badness. L. turpitudo ; 
 turfiis^ filthy. 
 
 TURRET. 5. A small eminence, or little tower, raised 
 above the rest of a building. L. turris^ a tower. 
 
 TUTELAGE, s. Guardianship; state of being under a 
 tutor or guardian. F. tutelage; L. tutela. — See TUI- 
 TION. 
 
 TUTELAR, or TUTELARY, adj. Protecting; guard- 
 ing. F. tutelaire.^^dQ TUTELAGE. 
 
 TUTOR, s. One who has the care of another's learn- 
 ing and morals; a teacher. L. tutor; from tutus^ p. 
 part, of tueor^ to behold or defend. 
 
 TYLUS. s. Hardness of the skin, in any part, occasioned 
 by severe labour. G. tulos^ hardness. 
 
 TYMPANUM, s. A part of the ear, which is supposed 
 to be the immediate organ of hearing; so called, from 
 its resemblance to a drum. L. tym}ianum; G. tuinpa- 
 non, a drum. 
 
 TYMPANY. 5. A kind of obstructed flatulence which 
 swells the body like a drum. L. tym}ianum; G. turn' 
 fianon., a di am. 
 
 TYPE. s. A mark ; an emblem ; prefiguration ; a printing 
 letter. L. tyfius; G. tujios^ a mark; from tufito^ to 
 beat. 
 
 TYPHUS, s. A species of continued fever. G. tujihos^ 
 stupor, senselessness. 
 
 TYPICAL, adj. Emblematical; figurative. L. tyfiicus. 
 —See TYPE. 
 
 TYPIFY. V. To figure ; to show by an emblem. L. 
 tyfius., a type, and /ac/o, to make. — See TYPE. 
 
 TYPOGRAPHY, s. Emblematical or hieroglyphical 
 representation; art of printing with types. L. tyfio- 
 grafihia; G. tufios^ a type, and grajihoy to write. — 
 See TYPE. 
 
TYR— UMB 
 
 TYRANNICIDE, s. The act of killing a tyrant; one 
 who has killed a tyrant. L. tyranyius, a tyrant, and 
 ccsdo^ to kill. 
 
 TYRANT, s. An imperious monarch; a cruel and se- 
 vere master; an oppressor. L. tyi^annus; G. turannos^ 
 a king or absolute ruler ; in which sense, the ancients 
 applied the term, indiscriminately, without regard te 
 his moral conduct: tciro^ to subject. 
 
 TYRO. s. One not yet master of his art ; a beginner. 
 L. tyro^ or tiro; G. teiro^ to bring under subjection. 
 
 U. 
 
 UBIQUITY. 8. Omnipresence; existence at the same 
 time in all places. L. ubique^ in every place. 
 
 ULCER, s. A hollow sore, from which matter issues. 
 F. ulcere; L. ulcus; G. ulx^ a furrow. 
 
 ULIGINOUS, adj. Oozy; slimy; muddy. L. uligino- 
 sus; uligo^ the natural moisture of the earth. 
 
 ULTERIOR, adj. Further. L. compar. of ultra, be- 
 yond: ultra, ulterior, ultimus. 
 
 ULTIMATE, adj. Intended as the last resort ; last in 
 a train of consequences. L. ultimus, the last; super), 
 of ultra, beyond. 
 
 ULTIMATUM, s. Ultimate or last offer or decision. — 
 See ULTIMATE. 
 
 ULTIMO, abbreviated ult". or ult. The last [month.] 
 L. abl. of ultimus, last. 
 
 ULTRAMARINE, adj. Situated beyond the sea; for- 
 eia:n. L. ultra., beyond, and mare, the sea. 
 
 ULTRAMONTANE, adj. Situated beyond the moun- 
 tains. L. 2iltra, beyond, and mons, (gen. ?nontis,) a 
 mountain. 
 
 ULTRAMUNDANE, adj. Beyond the world. L. ultra, 
 beyond, and mundus., the world. 
 
 UMBRAGE, s. Shade; shr.dow : — resentment; offence; 
 
 suspicion of injury The last three uses of this word 
 
 umlH-c-ge, may be explained, by supposing, thcit the 
 person giving an offence is thrown, as it is said, in the 
 
UMB—UNI 
 
 shade^ or out of the favourable as/icct of the other's 
 countenance. F. ombrage ; L. umbruy a shadow, or 
 shade. 
 
 UMBRAGEOUS, adj. Shady; yielding shade. F. om- 
 bragicux; L. itmbra^ a shadow, or shade. 
 
 UMBR.ELLA. s. A portable skreen, used as a shelter 
 from the sun, or from the rain. L. umbra^ a shade. 
 
 UN. A Saxon privative or negative particle, having 
 the same effect as the Latin m, when this preposition 
 is used to mark privation or negation : thus, w;zcon- 
 nected, ineans 7iot connected, and mcapable, not ca- 
 pable. 
 
 UNANIMOUS, adj. Of one mind; without any dis- 
 cordance. L. unani7nus^ or unanimis; comp. oi' U7iu8, 
 one, and animus^ the mind. 
 
 UNCTION, s. Act of. anointing; rite of anointing; 
 ointment. L. iinctio; unctus^ p. part, of ii?2go, or lui- 
 guo., to smear. 
 
 UNC'J'UOUS. adj. Fat; clammy; oily. L. unctus. — See 
 UNCTION. 
 
 UNDULARY. adj. Moving as waves; moving with in- 
 termissions. — See UNDULATE. 
 
 UNDULATE, v. To move as waves; to move with in- 
 termissions. L. undulo; unda^ a wave. 
 
 UNGUENT, s. Ointment. L. ungue-ntum; from unguo^ 
 or iingo^ to smear. 
 
 UNICORN, s. A beast that has naturally only one 
 horn. L. unicoimis; unus^ one, and cornu., a horn. 
 
 UNIFORM, adj. Similar to itself; preserving the same 
 tenor ; conforming to one rule ; acting in the same 
 manner; agreeing with each other, L. unus, one, and 
 forma.) shape. 
 
 UNION. 5, Junction, so as out of two or more to make 
 one ; concord. F. union; from the L. unus^ one. 
 
 UNIPx\ROUS. adj. Bringing forth one at a birth. L. 
 unus^ one, and fiario^ to bring forth. 
 
 UNIQUE, adj. When we say a thing is unique, wc 
 mean that it is the only thing of its kind. F. unique; 
 L. unicus; uJiua^ one. 
 
 UNIT. s. One; the least number, or the root of num- 
 bers.— See UNITY. 
 
UNI— USH 
 
 UNITARIAN, s. One who does not believe in the 
 doctrine of the trinity. L. umis, one. 
 
 UNITE. V. To join two or more, so as to make one ; 
 to act in concert; to be cemented, &c. — See UNITY. 
 
 UNITY, s. The state of being one; concord; conjunc- 
 tion ; uniformity; species of dramatic propriety. L. 
 U7iitas; unuSy one. 
 
 UNIVERSAL, adj. General; extending to all; total; 
 whole; not particular. L. universalis; unus^ one, and 
 -versus^ p. part, of verto^ to turn. 
 
 UNIVERSE. 5. The general system of things; the 
 whole creation.—See UNIVERSAL. 
 
 UNIVERSITY, s. A college, incorporated for the edu- 
 cation of youth in all the liberal arts, sciences. Sec. 
 and empowered to confer degrees. A university gen- 
 erally comprehends many colleges, as is exemplified 
 in those of Oxford and Cambridge, in England. L. 
 ujiiversitas. — See UNIVERSAL. 
 
 UNIVOCAL. adj. Having one meaning; certain; re- 
 gular. L. univocus: comp. of unus, one, and vox, 
 (gen. -vocis,) a voice. 
 
 URBANITY, s. Civility ; elegance ; politeness ; agreea- 
 bleness, L. urba7iitas, a city life, civility, courtesy : 
 urbs.f a city. 
 
 URGE. V. To incite; to push; to drive; to press by mo- 
 tives, or by argument ; to enforce ; to importune or 
 solicit. L. urgeo, to press on. 
 
 URGENT, adj. Inciting; pressing; importunate or so- 
 licitous. L. urgens., part, of urgeo. — See URGE. 
 
 URINAL, s. A vessel for holding urine. F. urinal: L. 
 urina; G. ouron^ urine. 
 
 URN. s. A water pot, the mouth of which is narrower 
 than the body ; a vessel of similar form, in which the 
 remains of burned bodies were deposited ; an orna- 
 ment of the same shape. L. ur7ia, a water-pitcher. 
 
 USAGE. 5. Custom ; long continued practice; treat- 
 ment. F. usage; L. usus. — See USE. 
 
 USE. s. Application to any purpose ; proper designa- 
 tion or instrumentality ; agency; help; benefit; prac- 
 tice, &c. L. usus; from a part, of utor^ to use. 
 
 USHER, fi. One whose business is to introduce stran- 
 gers, or walk before persons of high rank; an under- 
 
UST— -VAC 
 
 teacher, or one "who introduces young scholars io 
 
 higher learning. F. huissier; from fiuis^ a door. 
 USTULATION. s. The roasting of ores, to separate 
 
 the arsenic and sulphur from the metal. L. ustulatusy 
 
 p. part, of ustulo^ (from uro^) to burn. 
 USUFRUCT, s. Temporary use ; enjoyment of the 
 
 profits, without power to alienate. L. usus^ use, and 
 
 friictus^ fruit. 
 USURP. V. To possess by force or intrusion; to seize 
 
 or possess without right. L. usurfio^ the frequentative 
 
 form of utor^ to use. 
 USURY, s. Money paid for the use of money; interest; 
 
 the practice of taking interest. But the term usury ^ 
 
 is now used only to denote a higher rate of interest 
 
 than is allowed by law, or the practice of charging it. 
 
 F. usure; L. usura: from utor^ to use. 
 UTENSIL. *. An instrument for use. F. utensile: L, 
 
 utor^ to use. 
 UTERINE, s. Relating or belonging to the womb. L. 
 
 %iterinus. — See UTERUS. 
 UTERUS, s. The womb. L. 
 
 UTILE DULCL The useful with the pleasant. L. 
 UTILITY, s. Usefulness ; profit ; convenience. L. uti- 
 
 litas: utor^ to use. 
 UTI POSSIDETIS. A diplomatic phrase, used when 
 
 two or m.ore states desire to make peace, on the terms 
 
 that each shall retain the possessions which it then 
 
 holds: opposed to status quo ante bellum. L. uti^ as, 
 
 jiossidetis., (^h^om possideo,) you possess. 
 UXORIOUS, adj. Submissively fond of a wife; infected 
 
 with connubial dotage. L. uxorius: uxor^ a wife. 
 
 VACANT, adj. Empty; unoccupied; thoughtless; un- 
 intelligent. L. vacans, part, of vaco, to be empty. 
 
 VACATE. V. To make vacant, or void; to quit posses- 
 sion of. L. vaco^ to be empty. 
 
 VACATION, s. Recess from a place of business; in- 
 termission of stated employments. L. vacatio: vaca- 
 tusy p. part, of vaco^ to be empty. 
 [28] 
 
VAC— VAL 
 
 VACCINE, adj. V^accine inoculation (an important 
 substitute for t*he variolus,) was perfected by Dr. Jen- 
 ner of England, about the year 18G0, and received its 
 name from the infectious matter having been first ta- 
 ken from the teats of cows. L. vacca^ a cow. 
 
 VACUITY, s. Emptiness ; space unfilled, or unoccu- 
 pied ; want of reality. L. vacuitas. — See VACUUM. 
 
 VACUUM, s. Space unoccupied by matter, or from 
 which the atmospheric air has been exhausted. L. 
 from -vaco^ to be empty. 
 
 VAGABOND, adj. Wandering, without any settled 
 habitation ; (always, now, considered in a reproachful 
 sense.) F. vagabond; L. vagabiindus: -vagor-i to wan- 
 der. 
 
 VAGARY, s. A freak; a capricious frolic. L. vagor^ to 
 wander. 
 
 VAGRANT, adj. Wandering; unsettled; vagabond. L. 
 vagovy to wander. 
 
 VAGUE, adj. Unfixed; unsettled; undetermined; inde- 
 finite. F. vague; L. vagus: vagor, to wander. 
 
 VAIN. adj. Unreal; shadowy; showy; fond of admira- 
 tion; useless; fruitless; ineffectual, 8cc. F. vain; L. 
 vanusy empty. 
 
 VALE. s. A valley; a hollow between hills. L. vallis: 
 from vallo, to enclose. 
 
 VALEDICTION. 6^ A farewell. L. vale^ farewell, and 
 dictio^ a saying : dico^ to speak. 
 
 VALEDICTORY, adj. Bidding farewell.— See VALE- 
 DICTION. 
 
 VALETUDINARIAN, s. One who, through infirmity 
 of body, is compelled to nurse himself, in order to 
 restore his constitution. L. valetudo, health, or sick- 
 ness. 
 
 VALIANT, adj. Brave. F. vaillant; L. valeoy to be 
 strong. 
 
 VALID, adj. Efficacious; convincing; conclusive. L. 
 validus: from valeo, to be strong. 
 
 VALLEY, s. A vale; a hollow between hills. L. vallis: 
 vallo, to enclose. 
 
 VALOUR, s. Bravery. L. valor: valeo, to be strong. 
 
 VALUE, s. Price-; worth; rate. F. value: valoir^ to 
 have worth : L. valeo^ to be strong. 
 
VAN— VEG 
 
 VAN. s. The front division of an army or fleet. F. avant^ 
 before. 
 
 V^ANISH. V. To lose perceptible existence; to disap» 
 pear; to pass away. L. inceptive, vanesco; from va- 
 nus^ empty. 
 
 VANITY, s. Emptiness; fruitless endeavour; vain pur- 
 suit; presumption; idle show; fondness of admiration. 
 L. vanitas.—^See VAIN. 
 
 VANQUISH. V. To conquer. F, vamcre : IL. vhico ^ 
 from vincio^ to bind. 
 
 VAPID, adj. Spiritless; having the spirit evaporated. 
 L. vafiidus.^SeQ VAPOUR. 
 
 VAPOUR, s. Fluid in an aeriform state ; steam. L. 
 x>a/ior. 
 
 VARIANCE, s. Disagreement; discord; dissension. — 
 See VARY. 
 
 VARIEGATE, v. To diversify; to stain wdth various 
 colours. From vary, with the addition of the L. verb 
 ago, to make. 
 
 VARIETY, s. Change; difference; dissimilitude; devia- 
 tion. L. varietas. — See VARY. 
 
 VARIOUS, adj. Changeable; uncertain; different; sev- 
 eral. L. varius, — See VARY. 
 
 VARY. V. To change; to diversify; to be changeable; 
 to deviate; to disagree. L. vario^ to draw with, {ov be 
 of,) various colours : varus, a spot. 
 
 VASCULAR, adj. Consisting of little vessels ; full of 
 little vessels. L. vasculum, dim. of vas, a vessel. 
 
 VASE. s. A domestic vessel, rather for show than use. 
 F. -vase ; L. -vas, a vessel (of any kind, for domestic 
 use.) 
 
 VASSAL, s. One who holds of a superior lord; a de- 
 pendant ; one who acts by the will of another. F. vas- 
 sal; L. vas, a pledge, or hostage. 
 
 VAST. adj. Very large; very great; immensely spa- 
 cious. L. vastus, waste, desolate, wide, huge, &c. 
 
 VEDETTE, s. A mounted sentinel, who observes the 
 movements of an enemy. F. vedette; from the L. vi- 
 deo, to see. 
 
 VEGETABLE, s. Any thing that grows as a plant. L. 
 vegetabilis See VEGETATE. 
 
 VEGETATE, v. To grow as plants ; to grow without 
 
VEH— .VEN 
 
 sensation. L. vegeto: from uegeo^ to be strong and 
 
 healthy, to stir or move up. 
 VEHEMENT, adj. Violent; forcible; ardent. L. vehe- 
 
 mens: neho^ to carry. 
 VEHICLE. T'. That in which any thing is carried; that 
 
 by means of which any thing is conveyed. L. vehicu^ 
 
 lum: vehoy to carry. 
 VEIL, s, A small curtain for concealing the face ; 
 
 means of concealment ; a disguise. L. velum; velo^ 
 
 to cover. 
 VELOCIPEDE, s. A small carriage, driven by the 
 
 feet. L. -velox^ (g^i^- "velocis^ swift, and pes^ (g^i^* 
 
 pedis^ a foot. 
 VELOCITY. 8, Speed; swiftness. L. velocitas: velox, 
 
 sv/ift. 
 VENAL, adj. Mercenary; prostitute. F. venal: L. ve- 
 
 nalis: from veneo, to be sold. 
 VENATIC. adj. Used in hunting. L. venaticus: vena- 
 
 tus^ part, of venor^ to seek after, or hunt. 
 VEND. V. To sell. L. vendo^ to sell. 
 VENDIBLE, adj. Saleable. L. vendibilis: vendo, to sell, 
 VEjYDITIOJ^'I exponas. The name of a judicial 
 
 writ, empowering a sheriff to sell certain property 
 
 therein described. L. exponas^ you may expose, ven- 
 ditioni to sale: exfiono^ and venditio. 
 VENDUE, s. Public sale, generally by auction. F. from 
 
 vendre; L. vendo^ to sell. 
 VENENATE. v. To poison; to infect with poison. L, 
 
 vene7io: G. fiheno^ to kill. 
 VENERABLE, adj. To be regarded with awe; to be 
 
 treated with reverence ; deserving the highest degree 
 
 of respect. L. venerabilis. — See VENERATE. 
 VENERATE, v. To regard with awe; to reverence. L. 
 
 venerovy to worship. 
 VENIAL, a £//. Pardonable ; excusable; permitted. F. 
 
 veniel: L. venia, leave. 
 VEA'IRE FACIAS. The name of a judicial writ, by 
 
 which a sheriff is empowered to summon a jury. L. 
 
 facias, you may cause, [them,] venire, to come : ve- 
 
 nio, and/ac/o. 
 VENISON, s. The flesh of deer. F. venaison: L. ve- 
 
 nor, to hunt. 
 
VEN— VER 
 
 VENOM, s. Poison. L. x;6';2e?zwm.— See VENENATE. 
 
 VENT. *. An aperture through which any thing comes 
 cut; emission; passage, 8cc. L. vc?itu??i, sup. oi venio^ 
 to come. 
 
 VENT. s. Sale. F. vente; L. venditio: venditus^ part, 
 of veiido^ to sell. 
 
 VENTIDUCT, s. A passage for the wind. L. -ventus^ 
 wind, and ductus^ a guidance : from the p. part, of 
 duco, to lead. 
 
 VENTILATE, v. To cool or purify by the admission 
 of wind. L. veiitilo: from ventus^ wind. 
 
 VENTRICLE, s. The stomach; any small cavity in an 
 animal body, particularly of the heart. L. ventriculus^ 
 dim. of venter,^ the belly. 
 
 VENTRILOQUIST, s. One who pretends that he 
 speaks from his belly, but who has acquired the art 
 of articulating his words without using the proper 
 organs of speech ; and can so modify his tones, as to 
 induce a belief that the sound issues from any place 
 to M-hich he directs the attention of his auditors. L. 
 venter^ the belly, and loguor^ to speak. 
 
 VENTURE, s. A hazard ; an undertaking of chance 
 and danger; the thing put to hazard. Sec. F. avan- 
 iure : L. venturus^ (future part, of venio,) about to 
 come. 
 
 VERACITY, s. Moral truth; honesty of report. L. 
 eracis, gen. oi veraa:, true of speech. 
 
 VERB. s. A part of speech, defined as signifying "to 
 be, to do, or to suffer." L. verbum^ a word : thus, 
 making the verb pre-eminent, as being the radical 
 from which is formed the greater portion of the 
 other parts of speech. 
 
 VERBAL, adj. Spoken; not written; oral; consisting; 
 of mere words; referring to mere words, not to the 
 matter or general style; literal; having word corres- 
 ponding to word; derived from a verb. L. verbalis; 
 ■verbum.) a word. — See VERB. 
 
 VERBATIM. Word for Avord. L. from verbian^ a 
 word. 
 
 VERBATIM ET LITERATIM. Word for word, 
 and letter for letter; without the smallest variation. 
 
VER— .VER 
 
 L. adverbs, verbatim^ word for word, and liter atinu 
 
 letter for letter: verbum^ a word, and litera^ a letter. 
 VERBERx\TE. v. To beat; to strike, l^.verbei^o; from 
 
 ■verber^ a whip. 
 VERBOSE, adj. Exuberant in words; tedious by a mul- 
 tiplicity of words. L. verbosus: verbum^ a word. 
 VERDANT, adj. Green. F. -verdoyant (formerly, -ver- 
 
 doiant;) L. viridans; vireo, to fiourish, or to be green ' 
 
 x'iresf pi. oivisy strength. 
 VERDERER. s. An officer of a forest. F. -oerdier; L. 
 
 ■viridarium^ a green place enclosed for beasts and 
 
 fowls: from viridis^ green. 
 VERDITER. s. Chalk made green. F. verd^ green, 
 
 and terre^ earth. 
 VERDICT, s. The determination of a jury declared to 
 
 the judge; decision; judgment. L,. veriun.^ neviter of 
 
 -verus, true, and dictum^ a saying. 
 VERDURE, s. Green; green colour. Y. -verdure. — See 
 
 VERDANT. 
 VERGE, s. A rod, or something resem.bling it, carried 
 
 as an emblem of authority ; the mace of a dean. F. 
 
 ■verge; L. virga, a rod. 
 VERGE, s. The brink ; the edge; the utmost border; 
 
 L. vergo, to decline, or bend towards. 
 VER.GER. s. He that carries the verge or mace be- 
 fore the dean. — See VERGE. 
 VERIFY. T'. To confirm; to prove true. Y. verifier; 
 
 L. verusy real, or true, and yaczo, to make. 
 VERILY, adv. Truly; certainly; with great confidence. 
 
 —See VERY. 
 VERISIMILITUDE, s. Probability; resemblance of 
 
 truth. lu.verisi?}iilit7ido; comp. of x'cW, gen. oi verum, 
 
 truth, and similitudo^ a likeness. 
 VERITABLE, adj. True ; in accordance with fact. F. 
 
 veritable.-^^QQ VERITY. 
 VERITY. 8, Truth. L. Veritas: verus, real. 
 VERMICULAR, adj. Acting like a worm; continued 
 from one part to another. L. vermiculus, dim. of ver- 
 mis^ a worm. 
 VERMICULE. s. A little worm. L. vermiculus, dim. 
 of vermis^ a worm. 
 
VER— VER 
 
 VERMIFORM, adj. Having the shape of a \vorm. E, 
 ■verjnig, a worm, and./orw2a, shape. 
 
 VERMIFUGE, s. A medicine for expelling or destroy- 
 ing- worms. L. ver?nis, a worm, and fugo^ to drive 
 away. 
 
 VERMIN, s. Noxious animals ; used commonly in re- 
 lation to small creatures of a disagreeable or destruc- 
 tive nature. F. vermin: L. -vermis^ a worm, grub, &c. 
 
 VERNACULAR, adj. Native; of one's own country. 
 L. veimacjilus; from vei-na, a bond-servant, or one 
 born in the house. 
 
 VERNAL, adj. Relating or pertaining to the spring of 
 the year. L. vermis; ver^ the spring. 
 
 VERSATILE, adj. Changeable ; variable ; easily ap- 
 plied to a new task. L. versatilis; verso, to turn often: 
 verto, to turn. 
 
 VERSE, s. Language restrained to harmonic sounds 
 or a regular number of syllables ; a line of verse ; a 
 portion of Scripture, contained in one numerical di- 
 vision. This species of composition is generally called 
 poetry; though, a poem is not always written in verse, 
 nor is verse always poetry, — which denotes an exer- 
 tion of genius, and a captivating display of originality. 
 L. versus: from verto., to turn. — See PROSE. 
 
 VERSED, adj. Skilled (in;) acquainted (with.) L. verso^ 
 to turn often, or consider: verio, to turn. 
 
 VERSIFY. V. To make verses. F. versifier; L. versi- 
 Jico: comp. of versus., a verse, and yaczo, to make. 
 
 VERSION, s. Translation. L. versio; versus^ p. part. 
 oi verto., to turn. 
 
 VERSUS, firefi. Against. L. 
 
 VERTEBRAL, adj. Relating to the joints of the spine, 
 L. vertebra, a turning joint in the body ; verto, to 
 turn. 
 
 VERTEX, s. The zenith, the point over head ; the top. 
 L. vertex, the top of any thing: verto, to turn. 
 
 VERTICAL, adj. Placed in the zenith ; placed in a 
 direction perpendicular to the horizon. L. verticis, 
 gen. of vertex. — See VERTEX. 
 
 VERTIGINOUS, adj. Turning round; rotary; giddy. 
 L. vertiginosus; vertiginis, gen. of vertigo, turning 
 round : from verto, to turn. 
 
VER— VIA 
 
 VERTIGO. 5. A giddiness, or sense of turning-, in the 
 head. L. from verto^ to turn. 
 
 VERY. adj. True; real ; same or precise: ad-v. emphati- 
 cally; in a high degree. Old F. -veray, (modern, vrai^) 
 true : L. -uerus^ real. 
 
 VESICATE. V. To blister. L. vesica^ a bladder, or 
 (figuratively,) a blister. 
 
 VESICLE, s. A small cuticle, filled or inflated. L. -ve- 
 sicular dim. o^vesica^ a bladder. 
 
 VESICULAR, adj. In anatomy, hollow; full of small 
 interstices. — See VESICLE. 
 
 VESPERS, s. Evening service of the Roman church. 
 L. vesper., the evening. 
 
 VEST. -u. To dress; to deck; to enrobe; to make pos- 
 sessor of; to invest with; to place under the au- 
 thority of. L. vestift., a garment. 
 
 VESTAL, adj. Consecrated to Vesta; having virgin 
 purity. L. vestalis. — See the heathen mythology. 
 
 VESTIGE, s. Mark left behind in passing ; trace. L. 
 ■vestigium^ a trace. 
 
 VESTMENT. 5. Garment; part of dress. L. vesii- 
 inentum; vestis, a garment. 
 
 VESTRY, s. A room, belonging to a church, in which 
 the sacerdotal ganneiits, kc. are deposited; a paro- 
 chial assembly, usually convened in the vestry-room ; 
 an assembly of the elders and pew-holders of any 
 church. L. vestiarium, a wardrobe : -vestis^ a gar- 
 ment. 
 
 VESTURE, s. Garment; robe; dress. Old F. -vesture: 
 L. vestis., a garment. 
 
 VETERAN, adj. Long practised in war; long experien- 
 ced. L. -ueteranus: vcieris,, gen. of veius^ old. 
 
 VETO. s. Refusal ; rejection ; invested power or privi- 
 lege of rejecting or annulling. L. veto, I forbid. 
 
 VIA. By the way of L. abl. of via, a way. 
 
 VIANDS. 6f. Food ; meat dressed. F. viande, food. L. 
 vivendo, gerund, of vivo, to live. 
 
 VIATICUM, s. Provision for a journey; in the Roman 
 church, the last rites used to prepare the passing soul 
 for its departure ; pecuniary compensation to an evi- 
 dence for having come to a court of justice. L. from 
 via, a way, and itus, a going: eo, to go. 
 
VIB—VIG 
 
 VIBRATE. V. To move backward and forward, or up- 
 ward and downward, with a quick motion; to quiver. 
 L. vibro, to shake. 
 
 VICAR, s. A substitute; a clergyman of the episcopal 
 church, in degree below a rector. L. vicarius; vicis, 
 stead, place. 
 
 VICARIOUS, adj. Deputed ; delegated; acting in the 
 place of another. L. vicarius. — See VICAR. 
 
 VICE'. In the place of. L. abl. of x'im, stead, place. 
 
 VICEADMIRAL. s. The second commander of a fleet; 
 an admiral of the second rank. L. vice, in the place, 
 (instead,) and admiral. 
 
 VICEGERENT, s. A lieutenant ; one who possesses 
 delegated power. L. vice, in the place, (instead,) and 
 gerens, part, of gero, to bear. 
 
 VICEROY, s. One who governs in place of a king, 
 with regal authority. L. vice, in the place, (instead,) 
 and F. roi, a king. 
 
 VICINAGE, s. A neighbourhood; places adjoining. 
 L. vicinia; from vicus, a street, or row of houses near 
 each other. 
 
 VICINITY, s. Nearness; state of being near; neigh- 
 bourhood. L. vici7iitas.-—Ste VICINAGE. 
 
 VICISSITUDE, s. Change ; revolution. L. vicissitudo: 
 comp. of vicisy change, stead, and ito, to go fre- 
 quently : itum, sup. of eo, to go. 
 
 VICTIM, s. A sacrifice ; something slain for a sacri- 
 fice ; something destroyed. L,. victi?na, a beast killed 
 in sacrifice for victory : victus, p. part, of vinco, to 
 overcome. 
 
 VICTOR, s. Conqueror. L. from vinro^ to conquer. 
 
 VIDE'. V. See. L. imper. o{ video, to see. 
 
 VIDELICET, or its contraction, VIZ. That is; to wit; 
 namely ; comp. of videre, infinitive of video, to see, 
 and licet, it is lawful — you may if you will, 8cc, 
 
 VI ET ARMIS. By force and arms; by a force not 
 sanctioned by law. L. abl. of vis, and arma, 
 
 VIGIL, s. Watch ; devotion performed in the custom- 
 ary hours of rest; a fast observed before a holiday, Sec. 
 L. vigil., a watchman. 
 
 VIGILANT, adj. Watchful ; circumspect. L. vigilans^ 
 part, oivigilo: vigil, a watchman. 
 
VIG— VIN 
 
 VIGOROUS, adj. Strong; lively; energetic; full of 
 strength and life.— See VIGOUR. 
 
 VIGOUR. 8. Strength ; health ; energy. L. vigor: from 
 vigeo^ to flourish ; vi, (abl. of t;?*,) v/ith strength, and 
 agendo^ abl. gerund of ago^ to do, or move. 
 
 VILE. adj. Worthless; mean; sordid; base; wicked. L. 
 vills^ of no value. 
 
 VILIFY. V. To debase ; to degrade ; to defame. L. vi- 
 lis^ of no value, andyiaiczo, to make. 
 
 VILLAGE, s. A small collection of houses in the coun- 
 try, less than a town. F. village: L. villa^ a country- 
 house. 
 
 VILLAIN, s. This word, according to the present 
 popular meaning, has almost entirely changed its sig- 
 nification. It formerly denoted one who held lands 
 on very dependent conditions, under the feudal sys- 
 tem ; one who was bound to do any sort of service 
 for his superior lord. It now signifies a base, wicked 
 rogue. F.vilain: vil, mean, contemptible: h. vilis. 
 Consult Blackstone's Commentaries. 
 
 VILLANAGE. s. The state of that species of tenants 
 formerly called villains, or the nature of their tenure. 
 —See VILLAIN. 
 
 VILLOUS, adj. Shaggy; rough; furry, h. villosusj 
 villus, wool or hair. 
 
 VIMINEOUS.' fzf//. Made of twigs. L. vimineus : vi- 
 771671., a twig. 
 
 VINCIBLE, adj. Conquerable; superable. L. vincidi- 
 lis: vinco, to conquer. 
 
 VINDICATE. V. To revenge ; to avenge ; to justify ; 
 to support, or maintain ; to assert ; to claim with effi- 
 cacy. L. vindico: vincio., to bind, and dico, to speak. 
 
 VINDICTIVE, adj. Revengeful. L. vindicta, ven- 
 geance.— See VINDICATE. 
 
 VINEGAR, s. Wine grown sour; a vegetable acid, 
 called acetous. F. vinaigre : vin, wine, and aigre^ 
 sour: L. vinum, and acer. 
 
 VINOUS, adj. Having the qualities of wine ; relating 
 to a species of fermentation. L. vinosus: x'mwm, wine. 
 
 VINTAGE, s. Season of gathering the grapes and 
 making them into wine. F. virii L. vinuin^ wine. 
 
V IN— -VIS 
 
 VINTNER, s. One who sells wine. F. vm; L. vinuin, 
 wine. 
 
 VIOLATE. X'. To infringe; to hurt; to injure by irre- 
 verence or sacrilege ; to deflower. L. vioio^ to force ; 
 vi, abl. oi vis, force. 
 
 VIOLENT, adj. Acting with great force; produced or 
 continued by force ; unseasonably vehement ; outrage- 
 ous. L. violentus: violo, to force: vi, abl. of x;z5-, force. 
 
 VIPER, s. A serpent of that species which brings forth 
 its young alive. L. vivus^ alive, and Jiario^ to bring 
 forth. 
 
 VIRAGO, s. A blustering w^oman ; a woman with the- 
 qualities of a man. L. vir<^ a man, and ago, to act. 
 
 VIRGO, s. One of the twelve signs of the zodiac. L. 
 ■virgo, a virgin. 
 
 VIRILITY, s. Manhood ; power of procreation. L. vU 
 rilitas; vir, a man. 
 
 VIRTUAL, adj. Having the efficacy, without the ma- 
 terial part ; having the power, without the regular 
 authority, of acting. F.virtuel: h. virtus, force, faculty. 
 
 VIRULENT, adj. Poisonous; venomous; bitter ; ma- 
 lignant. L. ■virule7itus. — See VIRUS. 
 
 VIRUS, s. Infectious principle ; poison. L. 
 
 VISAGE, s. Countenance; face. F. visage; L. visus: 
 visus, (p. part, of video,^ seen. 
 
 VIS-A-VIS. s. A species of carriage, in which the pas- 
 sengers sit opposite to each other. F. vis a vis, over 
 against : visage, a face, a against, visage, a face. 
 
 VISCERA, s. The entrails, L. pi. of viscus, a bowel 
 or entrail. 
 
 VISCERATE. V. To disembowel— See VISCERA. 
 
 VISCID, or VISCOUS, adj. Glutinous; sticky; tena- 
 cious. L. viscidus: viscus, properly a species of shrub, 
 which yields a glutinous substance, called birdlime. 
 
 VISIBLE, adj. Perceptible by the eye; apparent; open; 
 conspicuous. L. visibilis. — See VISION. 
 
 VIS IJSfERTIJE. In physics or mechanics, this is ap- 
 plied to the power of a stationary body, resisting that 
 which would set it in motion. In morals, it is a figura- 
 tive application, and another name for sluggishness, 
 or indolence. L. vis^ the power, inerti(S, (gen. of iner- 
 tia,) of lying still. 
 
VIS— VIV 
 
 VISION, s. Sight ; the facuhy of seeing ; a supernatu- 
 ral appearance ; something shown in a dream ; a rhe- 
 torical figure by which past events are represented 
 as present. F. vision; L. visio: visas, p. part, of vi- 
 deo, to see. 
 
 VISIONARY, adj. Affected by phantoms ; disposed to 
 receive impressions on the imagination ; imaginary. 
 F. visionaire. — See VISION. 
 
 VISIT. V. To go to see ; to be in the habit of mutual 
 salutations at the houses of each other ; (in scriptu- 
 ral language,) to send good or evil judicially. L. 
 visito, to go often to see: visum, sup. oi video, to see. 
 
 VISITATION, s. Formal, or tedious visit ; judicial 
 good or evil sent by God. L. visito. — See VISIT. 
 
 VISOR, s. A mask for disguising the face. — See VI- 
 SAGE. 
 
 VISUAL, adj. Relating or pertaining to the sight. F. 
 visuel; L. visus, sight : from video, to see. 
 
 VITAL, adj. Contributing to life; necessary to life; re- 
 lating to life; essential, Sec. L. vitaLis: vita, life. 
 
 VITALS, s. Parts essential to life See VITAL. 
 
 VITIATE. V. To corrupt; to make less pure, h.yitio: 
 vitium, faultiness or deformity. 
 
 VITIOUS, or VICIOUS, adj. Corrupt; wicked; prone 
 to vice. L. vitiosus; from vitium, faultiness, deformity. 
 
 VITREOUS, adj. Consisting of glass ; resembling 
 glass. L. vitreus: vitrmn, glass. 
 
 VITRIFY. V. To become glass ; to change into glass. 
 F. vitrijier; L. vitrum, glass, and facio, to make. 
 
 VITRIOL, s. This term, which refers to a glassy ap- 
 pearance, is no longer used by chemists, but is super- 
 seded by that of sulphate: thus, Roman or blue 
 vitriol is called sulphate of copper; and green vitriol, or 
 copperas, sulphate of iron. F. vitriol; L. vitrum, glass. 
 
 VITUPERATE, v. To blame, or censure, lu.vituperoj 
 to blame. 
 
 VIVACIOUS, adj. Long-lived; lively; gay. "L.viva- 
 CIS, gen. oivivax: from vivo, to live. 
 
 VIVACITY, .s. Liveliness ; gayety; sprightliness. F.vi- 
 vacite: L. vivacis, gen. oivivax, lively: vivo, to live. 
 
 VIVA VOCE, By oral testimony, as opposed to writ- 
 
VIV— VOL 
 
 ten. L. viva^ by a living, voce, voice: abl. ot" vivun, 
 and vox. 
 
 VIVID, adj. Lively; striking; sprightly; active. L. vi- 
 vidus: vivo, to live. 
 
 VIVIFY. V, To endue with life. F. vivijier; L. vioijico: 
 vivus, alive, and yhczo, to make. 
 
 VIVIPAROUS, adj. Bringing forth the young alive : 
 opposed to oviparous. L. vivus, alive, and iiario, to 
 bring forth. 
 
 VIZ.— See VIDELICET. 
 
 VIZOR.— See VISOR. 
 
 VOCABULARY, s. A dictionary; a glossary, or ex- 
 planation of obscure terms; a stock of words. L. voca- 
 bularium: vocabulum., a name: voco, to call. 
 
 VOCAL, adj. Uttered by the voice ; intended for the 
 voice. L. vocalis: vocis, gen. of vox, the voice. 
 
 VOCATION, s. A calling ; the employment to which 
 any one is called by the will of God. L. vocatio: vo- 
 catus, p. part, of voco, to call. 
 
 VOCATIVE, adj. Relating to the grammatical case 
 used in calling or speaking to. L. vocativus; from 
 voco, to call. 
 
 VOIR DIRE. A particular kind of oath. If the court, 
 says Blackstone, has any doubt of the age of the party, 
 [the witness,] it may take proofs of the fact ; and 
 may examine the infant himself, upon an oath oi voire 
 dire, (veritatem dicere;) that is, to make true an- 
 swer to such questions as the court shall demand of 
 him. Voire seems to be a Norman corruption of the 
 L. verus, true ; dire, is from the L. dicere, to say. 
 
 VOLANT, adj. Flying; passing through the air; nimble. 
 F. volant ; L. volans, part. o{volo, (volare,) to fly. 
 
 VOLATILE, adj. Having the pov,^er to pass off by 
 spontaneous evaporation ; overlively ; fickle ; of change- 
 able mind. L. volatilis: volo, (volarS,J to fly. 
 
 VOLCANO, s. A burning mountain. Italian, from the 
 heathen deity, Vulcan, who is poetically related to have 
 had his forge in Mount ^Etna, where his workmen, the 
 Cyclops, made thunderbolts. 
 
 VOLITION, s. Will ; the act of willing; the power of 
 willing exerted. L. volitio: voloy fvelle,J to will, or 
 be willing. 
 
 [29] 
 
VOL— VOT 
 
 VOLLEY, s. A flight of shot ; a discharge of many 
 guns at once ; an emission of many at once. F. volee: 
 L. voioy fvolare,J to fly. 
 
 V^OLUBILITY. s. Act or power of rolling; activity 
 or fluency (applied to the tongue, or speech.) L. vo- 
 lubilitas.—See VOLUBLE. 
 
 VOLUBLE, adj. Formed so as to roll easily, or be 
 easily put in motion; rolling; moving quickly; active 
 or fluent, (applied to the tongue, or speech.) L. volu- 
 bilis: -volutus^ p. part, oivolvo^ to roll. 
 
 VOLUME, s. Something rolled, or convolved ; a book; 
 so called, because books were anciently rolled on a 
 staff; circumference. L. volmnen: -volvo^ to roll. 
 
 VOLUMINOUS, adj. Consisting of many volumes; 
 extensive ; copious. — See VOLUME. 
 
 VOLUNTARY, adj. Acting by one's own will, not by 
 compulsion, or entreaty ; willing ; spontaneous. L. vo- 
 luntarius: volo (velle^J to be willing. 
 
 VOLUNTEER, s. One who enters upon any service of 
 his own accord. F.volontaire. — See VOLUNTARY. 
 
 VOLUPTUOUS, adj. Given to excess of pleasure ; 
 luxurious. L. volu/ituosus: volufitas^ pleasure: volo^ 
 to be willing. 
 
 VOLUTE. 8. That part of the capital of a column 
 which is supposed to represent the bark of trees 
 twisted into spiral lines, or, according to others, the 
 long twisted hair of a female. F. volute; L. volutus<^ 
 p. part, oi-volvo., to roll. 
 
 VOMIT. V. To throw up from. the stomach ; to emit, 
 as a volcano. L. vomito, frequentative form, of fyomo, 
 to spew, or cast up. 
 
 VORACIOUS, adj. Greedy to eat; ravenous; rapa- 
 cious. L. vorax^ (gc^- 'voracis:') from voro, to devour. 
 
 VORTEX, s. A whirlwind, or whirlpool ; pi. vortexes. 
 In the Cartesian philosophy, a system or collection of 
 particles of matter, moving the same way, and round 
 the same axis ; pi. vortices. L. vortex; from verto^ 
 to turn. 
 
 VOTARY, s. One devoted, as by a vow, to any parti- 
 cular service, worship, study, or state of life. — See 
 VOTE. 
 
 VOTE. s. Suffrage ; wish expressed in favour of any 
 
VOT— ZEP 
 
 person or thing. L. votum: votu.Sy p. part, of voveo^ 
 to vow, or wish for. 
 
 VOTIVE, adj. Given by vow. L. votivuf}. — See VOTE, 
 
 VOW. V. To consecrate hy a solemn dedication ; to 
 promise with solemnity. F. voiicr; L. vovco^ to pray 
 or wish for. 
 
 VOWEL, s. A letter which can be fully sounded by it- 
 self. F. voyclle; L. vocalis; from vocis^ gen. of -uo^.'^ 
 a voice, or sound. 
 
 VOYAGE, s. A journey of discovery; but, in general, 
 a long passage by sea: it is also used to express the 
 ascension and passage of an seronaut. F. from voh^, to 
 see. 
 
 VULGAR, adj. Plebeian; suiting or practised amongst 
 the common people; (in relation to a language,) nation- 
 al :— also, mean; unfashionable. L. vulgaris: vulguSf 
 the common people. 
 
 VULNERABLE, adj. Susceptible of wounds; liable 
 to external injuries; not impregnable. L. -vulnerabU 
 In: vubiera^ pi. oi vulnus, a wound. 
 
 VULPINE, adj. Belonging to a fox. L. vuljiinus: vul* 
 fies^ a fox. 
 
 W. 
 
 WARRANT. V. To support or maintain ; to attest ; to 
 authorize; to justify; to secure. F. g-arantij^, to in- 
 demnify, or defend.— -See GUARANTEE. 
 
 WARRANT, s. A writ conferring some right or au- 
 thority ; a secure, inviolable grant ; a justificatory 
 commission ; evidence. — See the verb. 
 
 Z. 
 
 ZEAL. 5. Passionate ardour. L. zeius ; G. zelos: from 
 
 zeo.) to be hot. 
 ZEALOT. .9. One passionately ardent in any cause : — 
 
 generally used in dispraise. G. zeloies. — See ZEAL. 
 ZEALOUS, adj. Ardently passionate in any cause.—. 
 
 See ZEAL. 
 ZEPHYR, s. The west wind; any calm, pleasing wind. 
 
ZER— zoo 
 
 L.^ zefihyrufs; G. zephuros ; zoe^ life, and phero^ to 
 bring. 
 
 ZERO. s. A term used to signify 0. In thermometers, 
 the or zero of Reaumur indicates the freezing point; 
 but in the instruments made according to Fahrenheit, 
 the zero is 32 degrees below it. This word is not in 
 any English dictionary; but, in the French, is explain- 
 ed as a cypher or nought. G. xej-os, (vacuus^) void, 
 vacant. 
 
 ZEUGMA, s. A figure in grammar, by which a verb, 
 agreeing with several nouns, or an adjective with sev- 
 eral substantives, is referred to one expressly, and 
 understood before the rest : as; " lust overcame shame, 
 — boldness, fear, — and madness, reason." G. zeui^ma^ 
 a joining. 
 
 ZODIAC, s. The track of the sun through the twelve 
 signs, (the ram, bull. Sec.;) a great circle of the 
 sphere, representing the twelve signs. L. zodiacus; 
 G. zodiakos; zodioa, (pi. oi zodiony) living creatures: 
 zaoy to live. 
 
 ZONE. s. A girdle; a division of the earth, marked by 
 an imaginary girdle or circle. G. zone: zonnuo^ to 
 gird. 
 
 ZO'OGONIA. s. The production of living creatures: 
 pronounced zo-ogonia. G. zobsy living, and gone^ an 
 offspring. 
 
 ZO'OGRAPHY. s. A written description of animals: 
 pronounced zo-ography. G. zobs^ living, and grajiho^ 
 to write. 
 
 ZO'OLOGY. s. That part of natural history which re- 
 lates to animals: pronounced zo-ology. G. zobs^ liv- 
 ing, and logosy a word, or description. 
 
 ZO'OPHYTE. s. A natural production which partakes 
 of the nature of both a vegetable and animal : pro- 
 nounced zo-ophyte. G. zoos, living, zrnXphuton^ a plant. 
 
 ZO'OTOMY. s. Dissection of the bodies of animals : 
 pronounced zo-otomy. G. zoos, living, and temno, to cut. 
 
 THE END. 
 
J ^ J I 
 
 
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