6sor A? 1896 UC-NRLF 111 iililliilliilil $B 311 E77 LO LO CO 00 THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA IN MEMORY OF PROFESSOR WILLIAM MERRILL AND MRS. IMOGENE MERRILL '^^^Mr ^^/Tt/tu^M. Z\)t Stuticuts' Scries of ILatin Classics THE STORY OF TURNUS VERGIL'S AENEID, Books VII-XII EDITED WITH NOTES AND INTRODUCTION I'.V MOSES STEPHEN SLAUGHTER, Ph.D. PROFESSOR OF LATIN IN IOWA COLLEGE LEACH, SHE^I^ELL, AND SANBORN BOSTON NEW YORK CHICAGO 189G V X E\}t Stutients' &txits of iLatiu (tlassics THE STORY OF TURNUS FPwOM VERGIL'S AENEID, Books VII-XII EDITED WITH NOTES AND INTRODUCTION BY MOSES STEPHEN SLAUGHTER, Ph.D. PROFESSOR OF LATIN IN IOWA COLLEGE LEACH, SHEWELL, AND SANBORN BOSTON NEW YORK CHICAGO 1896 GIFT COPTBIGHT, 1896, By leach, SHEWELL, AND SANBORN. NorfajooU 33re08 J. S. Gushing & Co. — Berwick & Smith Norwood Mass. U.S.A. An PREFACE. In making the selections for the story of Turnus, the object has been to present to the student, in continuous narrative, a portion of the last half of the Aeneid, which might be read rapidly and with sustained interest. Everything, therefore, which has no direct bearing upon the story has been omitted, even when, as in the episode of Nisus and Euryalus, the passage itself is of great interest and beauty. The brief outlines in English of the omitted passages are sufficient to preserve the connection, while the headings in italics serve to suggest the contents of the portions to be read. The selections should be read consecutively, not only for the sake of the story, but also because words are explained only where they first occur. The book may be found useful for practice in reading at sight, for reading without translation, and for rapid reading outside the class without the aid of a dictionary. The latter method is strongly recommended as retaining many of the advantages, without the dangers, of sight-translation. If the work thus prepared is discussed carefully in class by the in- structor, careless translating into incorrect English and unin- telligent reading of the Latin text will be avoided, while the student will have exercised his memory and his powers of ivi684596 \ r IV PREFACE. intuition, and will have become familiar with the work as a connected piece of literature. Eighteen hundred lines, the equivalent of two books of the Aeneid, have been selected, and may in some cases be profitably substituted for a part of the traditionally required six books. In case of such substitution, these selections may be read in the usual ,way by the help of those editions of the first six books which furnish a vocabulary either to the entire poem, or even to the first half alone, since no words of importance, not occurring in the first six books, have been omitted from the notes. The text used is that of Thilo, Leipsic, 1886, with a few changes in orthography. M. S. SLAUGHTER. Iowa College, May, 1896. INTRODUCTION. To the reader who has followed Aeneas through the first six books of Vergil's poem, from Troy to Carthage, thence to Sicily, and finally to his landing at Cumae, it need only be said by way of introduction to the story of Turnus, that after his return from the lower world, as described in the sixth book of the Aeneid, Aeneas goes on board his fleet, and, skirting the shore of Italy, sails northward, landing at last near the mouth of the Tiber. Here, he hopes, is to be the home which he has been so long seeking. His followers proceed at once to make an encampment. Aeneas sends messengers to Latin us, the king of the country, with overtures of peace, and at the same time asks for the hand of the king's daughter, Lavinia, in marriage. The aged Italian king, recalling an old oracle to the effect that his daughter was to wed a foreigner, believes that Aeneas has come in fulfilment of prophecy, and therefore receives the messengers kindly and accepts Aeneas's proposals of peace and alliance. Turnus, ruler of the Rutulians and favored suitor of Lavinia, is roused to rebellion against this alliance with Aeneas. The rivalry between Turnus and Aeneas and the vacillating charac- ter of Latinus soon bring on a war. The poet invokes the nmse anew to sing of the mighty struggle between Turnus and Aeneas, the former fighting in self-defence and to keep out a foreign invader, while the latter is eager to find a home and found a kingdom after his long years of fruitless wandering. THE STORY OF TURNUS. The muse is invoked. Turnus is the favored suitor of Lavinia-, the only child of King Latinus. Two portents are related, vii. 37-46, 52-80. Nunc age, qui reges, Erato, quae tempora rerum, quis Latio antique fuerit status, advena classein cum primum Ausoniis exercitus adpulit oris, expediam et primae revocabo exordia pugnae. tu vatem, tu, diva, mone. dicam horrida bella, 6 dicam acies actosque animis in funera reges Tyrrhenamque manum totamque sub arma coactam Hesperiam. maior rerum mihi nascitur ordo, mains opus moveo. rex arva Latinus et urbes iam senior longa placidas in pace regebat. 10 sola domum et tantas servabat iilia sedes, iam matura viro, iam plenis nubilis annis. multi illam magno e Latio totaque petebant Ausonia; petit ante alios pulcherrimus omnis Turnus, avis atavisque potens, quem regia coniunx 15 1. Erato, one of the Muses. 2. advena . . . exercitVLB, foreign force. 5. vatem, 6a7'rf. 12. raSit\iTa,yiro,rea(hj for a husband. 12. nubilis, marriageable. 15. avis atavisque, yrawlfathers and f/reat-grand- fathers, ancestry. 1 2 VERGILI AENEIS. [Book VII. adiungi generum miro properabat am ore ; sed variis porteiita deum terroribus obstant. laurus erat tecti medio in penetralibus altis, sacra comam multosque metu servata per annos, quam pater inventam, primas cum conderet arces, 5 ipse ferebatur Phoebo sacrasse Latinus, Laurentisque ab ea nomen posuisse colonis. huius apes summum. densae (mirabile dictu), stridore ingenti liquidum trans aethera vectae, obsedere apicem et pedibiis per mutua nexis 10 examen subitum ramo frondente pependit. continuo vates ^ externum cernimus ' inquit ' adventare virum et partis petere agmen easdem partibus ex isdem et summa dominarier arce.' praeterea, castis adolet dum altaria taedis 15 et iuxta genitorem astat Lavinia virgo, visa (nefas) longis comprendere crinibus ignem, atque omnem ornatum flamma crepitante cremari regalisque accensa comas, accensa coronam insignem gemmis, tum fumida lumine fulvo 20 involvi ac totis Volcanum spargere tectis. id vero horrendum ac visu mirabile f erri : namque fore inlustrem fama fatisque canebant ipsam, sed populo magnum portendere bellum. 1. miro properabat amore, loas zealously urging. 3. penetrali- bus, inner court. 4. sacra comam, of sacred foliage. 8. summum . . . apicem, the very top. 8. densae . . . vectae, sioanning. 10. nexis, intertwining. 11. examen, the swarm. 12. vates, soothsayer. 12. cernimus, I see. 13. easdem . . . isdem, i.e. as the bees. 14. do- minarier = dominari. 15. castis adolet . . . taedis, sets fire to . . . loith the holy torch. 17. comprendere, catch. 18. ornatum, gar- ments. 20. fumida, smoking. 22. ferri, is reported. 23. canebant, all prophesied. 68-362.] THE STORY OF TURNUS. 3 Latinus has consulted the oracle of Faun us : a foreigner is to be his son-in-law. The Trojan wanderers have landed, and Latinus has recognized in Aeneas Lavinia's foreordained husband, \n. 81-307. Juno perceiving this is enraged and vows vengeance, vii. 308-319. Ast ego, magna lovis coiiiunx, nil linquere inausum quae potui infelix, quae niemet in omnia verti, vincor ab Aenea. quod si mea numina non sunt magna satis, dubitem hand equidem implorare quod usquam est. flectere si nequeo superos, Acheronta movebo. 5 non dabitur regnis, esto, prohibere Latinis atque immota manet fatis Lavinia coniunx : at trahere atque moras tantis licet addere rebus, at licet amboi'uni populos exscindere regum. liac gener atque socer coeant mercede suorum. 10 sanguine Troiano et liutulo dotabere, virgo, et Bellona manet te pronuba. Juno summons the Fury Alecto from the lower world and sends her to instil her poison into Amata, wife of Latinus, vii. 320-358. Aniata, under the Fin'y''s influence, addresses Latinus, vii. 359-372. * Exsulibusne datur ducenda Lavinia Teucris, o genitor ? nee te miseret nataeque tuique ? nee matris miseret, quam primo aquilone relinquet 15 perfidus alta petens abducta virgine praedo ? 1. inausum, untried. 2. quae, ivho. fi. non dabitur, I shall not be able. 10. coeant, of/ree. 10. mercede, p?'irr. ii. dotabere, be dowered. 12. Bellona, sister of Mars. 12. pronuba, bride.smaid. 1'). primo aquilone, at the Jirst breeze. 10. praedo, robber, adven- turer. 4 VERGILI AENEIS. [Book VII. an non sic Phrygius penetrat Lacedaemona pastor Ledaeanique Helenam Troianas vexit ad urbes ? quid tua sancta fides ? quid cura antiqua tuorum et consanguineo totiens data dextera Turno ? si gener externa petitur de gente Latinis 5 idque sedet Faunique premunt te iussa parentis, omnem equidem sceptris terrain quae libera nostris dissidet, externam reor et sic dicere divos. et Turno, si prima domus repetatur origo, Inachus Acrisiusque patres mediaeque Mycenae/ lo Latinus is unmoved, and Amata, still under the influence oj Alecto, simulates a Bacchic frenzy, vii. 373-403. His ubi nequiquam dictis experta Latinum contra stare videt penitusque in viscera lapsum serpentis furiale malum totamque pererrat, tum vero infelix, ingentibus excita monstris, immensam sine more furit lymphata per urbem. 15 ceu quondam torto volitans sub verbere turbo, quem pueri magno in gyro vacua atria circum intenti ludo exercent (ille actus habena curvatis fertur spatiis, stupet inscia supra impubesque manus, mirata volubile buxum, 20 dant animos plagae), non cursu segnior illo 1. Phrygius pastor, Paris. 4. dextera, promise. 6. sedet, w se^ tied. G. Fauni . . . parentis, Faunus, grandson of Saturn. 7. libera . . . dissidet, lies free from. 10. Inachus Acrisiusque, mythical kings of Argos. 13. serpentis furiale malum, dread poison of the serpent. 15. lymphata, frenzied. IG. ceu, just as, like. 16. torto . . . sub verbere, under a lohirling blow. IG. turbo, top. 17. gyro, ring. 18. habena, lash. 19. stupet . . . supra, stands over it astonished. 19. inscia . . . impubesque manus, ignorant youthful crowd. 20. bu- xum, 6oa:u)ood (?op) . 21. plagae, bZoios. ;^z 363-414.] THE STORY OF TURNUS. 5 per medias urbes agitur populosque feroces. quin etiam in silvas, simulato niimine Bacchi, maius adorta nefas maioremque orsa furorem, evolat et iiatam frondosis montibus abdit, quo thalamum eripiat Teucris taedasque moreturj 5 < Euhoe Bacche ' f remens, solum te virgine dignum X vociferans ; etenim mollis tibi sumere thyrsos, te lustrare choro, sacrum tibi pascere crinem. fama volat, furiisque accensas pectore matres idem omnis simul ardor agit nova quaerere tecta. lo deseruere domos, ventis dant colla comasque ; ast aliae tremulis ululatibus aethera complent pampineasque gerunt incinctae pellibus hastas. ipsa inter medias flagrantem fervida pinum sustinet ac natae Turnique canit hymenaeos, 15 sanguineam torquens aciem, torvumque repente clamat ' lo matres, audite, ubi quaeque, Latinae : si qua piis animis manet infelicis Amatae gratia, si iuris materni cura remordet, solvite crinalis vittas, capita orgia mecum/ 20 Alecto next arouses Turnus, who is lying asleep in his palace at Ardea, vii. 413-474. Tectis hie Turnus in altis iam mediam nigra carpebat nocte quietem. 1. agitur, (Amata) rushes. 3. orsa, beyinning. 4. natam, La- vinia. ">. quo, in order that. 5. thalamum, bridal bed. 5. taedas, torch {marriage). 7. mollis . . . thyrsos, pliant Bacchic .staff. 8. lustrare choro, encircle in the dance. 8. pascere crinem, tears her hair. 13. pampineas . . . hastas, upears tvound icith vine leaves. 13. incinctae, girded. 15. hymenaeos, marriage hymn. 1(5. aciem, eyes. IG, lory xaa, fiercely. 19. remordiQl, disturbs. 20. crinalis, adj. from crinis. 21. hie, Ardea, in Latium, the capital of the Rutulians. 6 VERGILI AENEIS. [Book VII. Allecto torvam faciem et furialia membra exuit ; in vultus sese transformat aniles et frontem obscenam rugis arat ; induit albos cum vitta crinis ; tum ramum innectit olivae ; fit Calybe lunonis anus templique sacerdos 5 et iuveni ante oculos his se cum vocibus offert : ^ Turne, tot incassum f usos patiere labores, et tua Dardaniis transcribi sceptra colonis ? rex tibi coniugium et quaesitas sanguine dotes abnegat externusque in regnum quaeritur heres. 10 i nunc, ingratis offer te, inrise, periclis ; Tyrrhenas, i, sterne acies, tege pace Latinos. haec adeo tibi me, placida cum nocte iaceres, ipsa palam fari omnipotens Saturnia iussit. quare age et armari pubem portisque moveri 15 laetus in arma iube et Phrygios qui flumine pulchro consedere duces pictasque exure carinas. caelestum vis magna iubet. rex ipse Latinus, ni dare coniugium et dicto parere fatetur, sentiat et tandem Turnum experiatur in armis.' 20 Hie iuvenis, vatem inridens, sic orsa vicissim ore ref ert : ^ classis invectas Thybridis undam non, ut rere, meas effugit nuntius auris. ne tantos mihi finge metus ; nee regia luno immemor est nostri. 25 sed te victa situ verique effeta senectus, 1. furialia membra, /orm o/ a Fw7-?/. 2. exuit, Za id aside. 2. ani- les, old woman's. 3. rugis, wrinkles. 5. Calybe, priestess of Juno among the Rutuliaus. 5. anus, an old woman. 7. incassum, in vain. 9. dotea, down/. 11. inrise, thou laughing-stock. 21. vatem, prophetess. 22. classis invectas, that a fleet has entered. 23. rere = rens. 26. victa situ verique effeta senectus, old age, conquered by idleness and incapacitated for truth. 415-467.] THE STORY OF TURNUS. 7 o mater, curis nequiquam exercet et arma regiim inter falsa vatem formidine ludit. cura tibi divum effigies et templa tiieri ; bella viri pacemque gerent, quis bella gerenda.y Talibus Allecto dictis exarsit in iras. 5 at iuveni oranti subitus tremor occupat artiis, deriguere oculi : tot Erinys sibilat hydris tantaque se facies aperit. turn flammea torquens lumina cunctantem et quaerentem dicere plura reppulit et geminos erexit crinibus anguis 10 verberaque insonuit rabidoque haec addidit ore : ^ en ego victa situ, quam veri effeta senectus Arma inter regum falsa formidine ludit. respice ad haec : adsum dirarum ab sede sororum, bella manu letumque gero.' 15 sic effata facem iuveni coniecit et atro lumine fumantis fixit sub pectore taedas. olli somnum ingens rumpit pavor ossaque et artus perfudit toto proruptus corpore sudor, arma amens fremit, arma toro tectisque requirit, 20 saevit amor ferri et scelerata insania belli, ira super : magno veluti cum flamma sonore virgea suggeritur costis undantis aeni exsultantque aestu latices, furit intus aquai fumidus atque alte spumis exuberat amnis, 25 nee iam se capit unda, volat vapor ater ad auras, ergo iter ad regem polluta pace Latinum 4. qma = quibus. 7. EriajB, the Fitnj. 11. verberaque insonuit, cracked her whip. Kl. facem, Jire-hrand. 20. fremit, calls for. 20. toro, couch. 22. flamma virgea, brush-wood fire. 23. suggeri- tur, is placed under. 23. costis undantis aeni, sides of a swinging vessel. 24. latices, water. 24. aquai — aquae. 25. spumis, foam. 25. exuberat, oversows. 27. TpoUuta. -ps^ce, peace having been violated. 8 VERGILI AENEIS. [Book VII. indicit primis iuvenum et iubet arma parari, tutari Italiam, detrudere finibus hostem ; se satis ambobus Teucrisque venire Latinisque. haec ubi dicta dedit divosque in vota vocavit, certatim sese Eutuli exhortantur in arma. 5 hunc decus egregium formae movet atque iuventae, hunc atavi reges, hunc Claris dextera factis. Through Alecto's agency strife arises between a band of Trojans and rustic Italians ; Ascanius, while hunting, has wounded a pet deer belonging to the daughter of a wealthy Ausonian nobleman. The struggle is now no longer between a band of rustics and hunts- men, for all the shepherds are gathered and Turnus is there to lead, VII. 475-576. Turnus exhorts, the Bacchants rage, and Latinus withdraws from the struggle, vii. 577-600. Turnus adest medioque in crimine caedis et igni terrorem ingeminat : Teucros in regna vocari, stirpem admisceri Phrygiam, se limine pelli. lo tum, quorum attonitae Baccho nemora avia matres insultant thiasis (neque enim leve nomen Aniatae) undique collecti coeunt Martemque fatigant. ilicet infandum cuncti contra omina bellum, contra fata deum, perverso numine poscunt. 15 certatim regis circumstant tecta Latini : ille velut pelagi rupes immota resistit, ut pelagi rupes magno veniente fragore, 3. satis, equal to. 5. certatim, eagerly. 6. hunc . . . hunc, this one . . . another. 8. medioque in crimine caedis, in the midst of the cry of death. 10. limine, the threshold (of Latinus's palace). 11. quo- rum, so. vi7'i as antecedent. 11. attonitae, inspired. 12. thiasis, Bacchic dance. 14. ilicet, foi^thicith. 468-691.] THE STORY OF TURNUS. 9 quae sese, multis circiim latrantibus undis, mole tenet ; scopuli nequiquam et spumea circum saxa freraunt laterique inlisa refunditur alga. venim ubi nulla datur caecum exsuperare potestas consilium et saevae nutu lunonis eunt res, 5 multa deos aurasque pater testatus inanis ' f rangimur heu f atis ' inquit ' ferimurque procella. ipsi has sacrilego pendetis sanguine poenas, o miseri. te, Turne, nefas, te triste manebit supplicium votisque deos venerabere seris. 10 nam mihi parta quies, omnisque in limine portus ; funere felici spolior.' nee plura locutus saepsit se tectis rerumque reliquit habenas. War is declared and the Italian forces make ready for the fight. Prominent in the lists appear Mezentius, Lausus, Messapus, Turnus, and Camilla, vii. 647-654 ; 691-694 ; 783-817. Primus init bellum Tyrrhenis asper ab oris contemptor divum Mezentius agminaque armat. 15 filius huic iuxta Lausus, quo pulchrior alter non fuit, excepto Laurentis corpore Turni, Lausus, equum domitor debellatorque ferarum, ducit Agyllina nequiquam ex urbe secutos mille viros, dignus, patriis qui laetior esset 20 imperils et cui pater baud Mezentius esset. At Messapus, equum domitor, Neptunia proles, 2. mole, by its loeight. 3. laterique inlisa refunditur alga, the sea-weed tossed up on the side is swept aioay. 5, nutu, nod. 0. pater, 'Latinus. 7. procella, storm, disaster. 8. pendetis . . . poenas, pay the penalty. 10. seris, too late. 11. omnisque in limine portus, my only harbor is over my own threshold. 18. debellator, (•oiiqueror. 19. Agyllina ... ex urbe, a town of Etruria. 21. cui pater baud Mezentius, xoorthy of not having Mezentius for his father. 10 VERGILI AENEIS. [Books VIL, VIII. quern neque fas igni cuiquam nee sternere ferro, iam pridem resides populos desuetaque bello agmina in anna vocat subito ferrumque retractat. Jx, Ipse inter primos praestanti corpore Turnus vertitur arma tenens et toto vertice supra est. 5 cui triplici crinita iuba galea alta Chimaeram sustinet, Aetnaeos efflantem f aucibus ignis ; tain magis ilia fremens et tristibus effera flammis, quam magis effuso crudescunt sanguine pugnae. at levem clipeum sublatis cornibus lo 10 auro insignibatj iam saetis obsita, iam bos, (argumentum in gens), et custos virginis Argus caelataque amnem fundens pater Inachus urna. insequitur nimbus peditum clipeataque totis agmina densentur campis, Argivaque pubes 15 Auruncaeque manus, Kutuli veteresque Sicani et Sacranae acies et picti scuta Labici ; qui saltus, Tiberine, tuos sacrum que Numici litus arant Rutulosque exercent vomere colles Circaeumque iugum, quis luppiter Anxurus arvis 20 praesidet et viridi gaudens Feronia luco ; qua Saturae iacet atra pal us gelidlisque per imas quaerit iter valles atque in mare conditur Ufens. Hos super advenit Volsca de gente Camilla, agmen agens equitum et florentis aere catervas, 25 bellatrix, non ilia colo calathisve Minervae 2. resides, idle. 6. crinita, long-haired. 6, iuba, crest. 7. ef- flantem, breathing forth. 8. effera (Chimaera), fierce. 9. crude- scunt, increase in violence. 11. insignibat, adorned. 11. saetis obsita, covered with coarse hair. 12. argumentum, subject. 13. cae- lata, engraved. 19. vomere, ploughshare. 20. quis = qu'ibus. 23. Ufens, a river in Latium. 25. catervas, bands. 26. colo cala- thisve, distaff or basket. 602-817,1-11.] THE STORY OF TURNUS. 11 femineas adsueta manus, sed proelia virgo dura pati cursiique pedum praevertere ventos. ilia vel intactae segetis per summa volaret gramina nee teneras cursu laesisset aristas, vel mare per medium fluctu suspensa tumenti 5 ferret iter celeris nee tingeret aequore plantas. illam omnis tectis agrisque effusa inventus turbaque miratur matrum et prospectat euntem, attonitis inhians animis, ut regius ostro velet lionos levis umeros, ut fibula crinem 10 auro internectat, Lyciam ut gerat ipsa pharetram et pastoralem praefixa cuspide myrtum. ^ Turnus assumes command, and an embassador is sent to Diomedc to engage his services against Aeneas, his old-time foe, viii. 1-17. Ut belli signum Laurenti Turnus ab arce extulit et rauco strepuerunt cornu^a cantu, utque acris concussit equos utque impulit arma, 15 extemplo turbati animi, simul omne tumultu coniurat trepido Latium saevitque inventus effera. ductores primi Messapus et Ufens contemptorque deum Mezentins undique cogunt auxilia et latos vastant cultoribus agros. 20 mittitur et magni Venulus Diomedis ad urbem, qui petat auxilium et Latio consistere Teucros, advectum Aenean classi victosque penatis 2. praevertere, outspeeds. 4. gramina, blades. 4. laesisset, harm. 4. aristas, ears. (>. plantas, /ee^ !». regius ostro . . . lionos, i.e. royal purple. 10. fibula, dasp. 11. internectat, &«/if/6-. 12. prae- fixa cuspide, loith pointed tip. 12. myrtum, spear of myrtle wood. i;5. Laurenti, I^urentum, a town in Latium in Turnus' territory. 15. concussit, urr/ed on. 20. vastant cultoribus, dispeople (Con.). 21. urbem, in Apulia. 12 VERGILI AENEIS. [Books VIII. , IX. inferre et fatis regem se dicere posci ^ edoceat, multasque viro se adiungere gentis Dardanio et late Latio increbrescere nomen. qiiid struat his coeptis, quern, si Fortuna sequatur, eventum pugnae cupiat, manifestius ipsi, 5 quam Turno regi aut regi apparere Latino. At the same time Aeneas, leaving his followers encamped on the Tiber, has gone up the river to Evander's settlement on the Palatine, to gain his aid against the Latins, viii. 18-781. Whereupon Juno sends Iris to Turnus to urge him to attack the Trojans in the absence of their leader^ ix. 1-24. Atque ea divers a penitus dum parte geruntur, Irim de cafelo mi sit Saturnia luno audacem ad Turnum. luco turn forte parentis Pilumni Turnus sacrata valle sedebat. 10 ad quern sic roseo Thaumantias ore locuta est : ' Turne, quod optanti divum promittere nemo auderet, volvenda dies en attulit ultro. Aeneas urbe et sociis et classe relicta sceptra Palatini sedemque petit Euandri. 15 nee satis : extremas Corythi penetravit ad urbes Lydorumque manum collectos armat agrestis. quid dubitas ? nunc tempus equos, nunc poscere currus. rumpe moras omnis et turbata arripe castra.' dixit et in caelum paribus se sustulit alis 20 3. increbrescere, is spreading. 4. struat, contrives. 7. penitus (with diversa) , entirely. 10. Pilumni, Pilumnus was an Italian deity, son of Daunus. Turnus claims descent from the gods, even as Aeneas. 11. Thaumantias, Iris. 13. en, behold. IG. Corythi (Cortona), Etruria. 17. Lydorum, Lydians were supposed to have settled Etruria, 17. a^estis, in apposition with manum. 12-17, 1-39.] THE STORY OF TURNUS. 13 ingentemque fuga secuit sub nubibus arcum. agnovit iiivenis duplicisque ad sidera palmas sustulit ac tali fugientem est voce secutus : ^ Iri, decus caeli, quis te mihi nubibus actam detulit in terras ? unde liaec tarn clara repente 5 tempestas ? medium video disceder^ caelum . Athesim, a river in upper Italy. 9. propter, n-^ar. 10. intonsa, rough. 22 VERGILI AENEIS. [Book IX. fervere caede nova et portas praebere patentis. deserit inceptum atque immani concitus ira Dardaniam ruit ad portam fratresque superbos. et primum Antiphaten (is enim se primus agebat), Thebana de matre nothum Sarpedonis alti, 5 coniecto sternit iaculo ; volat Itala cornus aera per tenerum stomachoque infixa sub altum pectus abit, reddit specus atri vulneris undam spumantem et fixo ferrum in pulmone tepescit. turn Meropem atque Erymanta manu, turn sternit Aphid- num ; 10 turn Bitian ardentem oculis animisque frementem, non iaculo, neque enim iaculo vitam ille dedisset, sed magnum stridens contorta phalarica venit, fulminis acta modo, quam nee duo taurea terga . ^nec duplici squama lorica fidelis et auro 15 •^ sustinuit : conlapsa ruunt immania membra, dat tellus gemitum et clipeum super intonat ingens. talis in Euboico Baiarum litore quondam saxea pila cadit, magnis quam molibus ante constructam ponto iaciunt, sic ilia ruinam 20 prona trahit penitusque vadis inlisa recumbit ; miscent se maria et nigrae attolluntur harenae ; tum sonitu Prochyta alta tremit durumque cubile Inarime lovis imperils imposta Typhoeo. -J,^ Hie Mars armipotens animum viresque Latinis 25 addidit et stimulos acris sub pectore vertit 5. nothum, bastard. G. cornviB, Javelin of cornel ivood. 8. specus, cavity. 9. pulmone, lungs. 13. magnum, greatly, terribly. 13. pha- larica, a missile weapon wrapped witli blazing tow. 15. squama, scales. 18. Euboico, Baiae was settled by men from Euboea. 19. pila, stone foun- dations. 21. inliaa., dashed upon. 21. recumbit, //e.s. 23. Prochyta and Inarime, islands just outside Cumae. 24. imposta = iniposita. 690-743.] THE STORY OF TURNUS. 23 immisitqiie Fugain Teueris atrumque Timorem. undique conveniuut, quoniam data copia pugnae, bellatorque animo deus incidit. Pandarus, ut fuso gernianum corpore cernit, et quo sit fortima loco, qui casus agat res, 5 portam vi magna converso cardine torquet, obnixus latis umeris, multosque suorum moenibus exclusos duro in certamine linquit, ast alios secum includit recipitque mentis, demens, qui Rutulum in medio non agmine regem 10 viderit inrumpentem ultroque incluserit urbi immanem veluti pecora inter inertia tigrim. continuo nova lux oculis effulsit et arma horrendum sonuere ; tremunt in vertice cristae sanguineae clipeoque micantia fulmina mittit. 15 agnoscunt faciem invisam atque immania membra turbati subito Aeneadae. tum Pandarus ingens emicat et mortis fraternae f ervidus ira effatur ^ Non haec dotalis regia Amatae, nee muris cohibet patriis media Ardea Turnum : 20 castra inimica vides ; nulla hinc exire potestas.' olli subridens sedato pectore Turnus * Incipe, si qua animo virtus, et consere dextram : hie etiam inventum Priamo narrabis Achillem.' dixerat. ille rudem nodis et cortice crudo 25 in torquet summis adnixus viribus hastam : excepere aurae ; vulnus Saturnia luno detorsit veniens portaeque infigitur hasta. 5. qvd,how. 6. CBxdine, hinge. 15. mittit, sc. Pandarus. 18. emi- cat, leaps fonoard. 15). reg^a, palace. 2.*i. consere dextram, join battle. 25. rudem nodis, rough with knots. 25. cortice crudo, rough hark. 28. detorsit, turned aside. 24 VERGILI AENEIS. [Book IX. ^ At non hoc teliim, mea quod vi dextera versat, effugies ; neque enim is teli nee vulneris auctor.' sie ait et sublatum alte consurgit in ensem et mediam ferro gemina inter tempora frontem dividit impubesque immani vulnere malas. 5 fit sonus, ingenti concussa est pondere tellus, conlapsos artus atque arma crnenta cerebro sternit humi moriens atque illi partibus aequis hue caput atque illuc umero ex utroque pependit. diffugiunt versi trepida f ormidine Troes, 10 et, si continuo victorem ea cura subisset, rumpere claustra manu sociosque immittere portis, ultimus ille dies bello gentique f uisset : sed furor ardentem caedisque insana cupido egit in adversos. 15 In the midst of the havoc caused by Turnus (ix. 759-774), Mnes- theus and Serestus come out to meet Mm. When hard pressed by their attack, he is warned by Juno to yield, and flees from the city, IX. 775-815. Tandem ductores audita caede suorum conveniunt Teucri, Mnestheus acerque Serestus, palantisque vident socios hostemque receptum. et Mnestheus ' quo deinde f ugam, quo tenditis ? ' inquit. ^ quos alios muros, quae iam ultra moenia habetis ? 20 unus homo et vestris, o cives, undique saeptus aggeribus tantas strages impune per urbem ediderit ? iuvenum primos tot miserit Oreo ? non infelicis patriae veterumque deorum 2. is, such. 5. impubes . . . malas, youthful cheeks. 11. subisset, Qccun^ed, 744-802.] THE STORY OF TURNUS. 25 et magni Aeneae, segnes, miseretque pudetque ? ' talibus accensi firmantur et agmine denso consistunt. Turnus paulatim excedere pugna et fluvium petere ac partem, quae cingitur unda. acrius hoc Teucri clamore incumbere niagno 5 et glomerare manum, ceu saevum tiirba leonem cum telis premit infensis, at territus ille, asper, acerba tuens, retro redit et neqiie terga ira dare aut virtus patitur nee tendere contra ille quidem hoc cupiens potis est per tela virosque : lO hand aliter retro dubius vestigia Turnus improperata refert et mens exaestuat ira. quin etiam bis turn medios invaserat hostis, bis conf usa f uga per muros agmina vertit : sed manus e castris propere coit omnis in unum, 15 nee contra vires audet Saturnia luno sufficere : aeriam caelo nam luppiter Irim demisit, germanae hand mollia iussa ferentem, ni Turnus cedat Teucrorum moenibus altis. ergo nee clipeo iuvenis subsistere tantum 20 nee dextra valet : iniectis sic undique telis obruitur. strepit adsiduo cava tempora circum tinnitu galea et saxis solida aera fatiscunt, discussaeque iubae capiti, nee sufficit umbo ictibus, ingeminant hastis et Troes et ipse 25 fulmineus Mnestheus. tum toto corpore sudor liquitur et piceum (nee respirare potestas) flumen agit, fessos quatit aeger anhelitus artus. 1. segues, coxoards. 8. acerba tuens, harshly glowering. 12. im- properata, halting, lingering. 12. exaestuat, glows. 23. tinnitu, rattling. 23. fatiscunt, falls apart. 24. discussae, stHcken of. 24. mnbo, shield. 28. anhelitus, panting. 26 VERGILI AENEIS. [Books IX., X. turn demum praeceps saltu sese omnibus armis in fluvium dedit ; ille suo cum gurgite flavo accepit venientem ac mollibus extulit undis et laetum sociis abluta caede remisit. y In the meantime a council of the gods has been held, in which Venus plead for Aeneas and Juno for Turnus ; but Jupiter de- clined to interfere. As Aeneas is returning with the Etruscan and Arcadian auxiliaries, at whose head is Pallas, the son of Evander, he is met by the transformed ships, one of which prophesies success to him in the coming struggle, x. 1-275. Turnus tries to prevent Aeneas from landing^ and the battle breaks out afresh, x. 276-289, 307-310. Hand tamen audaci Turno fiducia cessit 5 litora praecipere et venientis pellere terra. ^ Quod votis optastis, adest, perfringere dextra. in manibus Mars ipse, viri. nunc coniugis esto quisque suae tectique mem or, nunc magna referto facta, patrum laudes. ultro occurramus ad undam, 10 dum trepidi egressisque labant vestigia prima, audentis Fortuna iuvat.' haec ait et secum versat, quos ducere contra vel quibus obsessos possit concredere muros. Interea Aeneas socios de puppibus altis 15 pontibus exponit. multi servare recursus languentis pelagi et brevibus se credere saltu, per remos alii. 5. cessit, toithdraio from, desert. 6. praecipere (dependent on fiducia) , pre-occupy . 11. egressia, to those layiding. 11. labant, are uncertain. 13. secum versat, loonders. 14. concredere, entrust. 16. ''^ontWms, gang planks. 16. recursxiz, the flowing back. 17. brevi- bus, shallow places. 17. saltu, leap. 812-815,1-454.] THE STOJIY OF TURNUS. 27 Nec Turniim segnis retinet mora, sed rapit acer totam aciem in Teucros et contra in litore sistit. signa canunt. primus turmas invasit agrestis Aeneas, omen pugnae, stravitque Latinos. Aeneas and Turnus fight in different parts of the field. Lausus, the son of Mezentius, is about to engage Pallas, the son of Evan- der, in hand to hand conflict (x. 311-430), when Turnus comes up and claims the privilege of fighting Pallas, x. 438-508. Interea soror alma monet succedere Lauso 5 Turnum, qui volucri curru medium secat agmen. ut vidit socios, ' Tempus desistere pugnae ; solus ego in Pallanta feror, soli mihi Pallas debetur; cuperem ipse parens spectator adesset.' haec ait, et socii cesserunt aequore iusso. 10 at Kutulum abscessu iuvenis tum, iussa superba miratus, stupet in Turno corpusque per ingens lumina volvit obitque truci procul omnia visu, talibus et dictis it contra dicta tyranni : * Aut spoliis ego iam raptis laudabor opimis 16 aut leto insigni ; sorti pater aequus utrique est. tolle minas.' fatus medium procedit in aequor. frigidus Arcadibus coit in praecordia sanguis, desiluit Turnus biiugis, pedes apparat ire comminus ; utque leo, specula cum vidit ab alta 20 stare procul campis meditantem in proelia taurum, 5. soror, the nymph Juturna, sister of Turnus. 5. succedere, to take the place of. 10. aequore, open space. 11. abscessu, departure. 12. stupet in Tumo, is amazed at Turnus. 13. obit, scans, examines. 15. opimiB, richeM. ID. denHait, leaped. 19. pedes (nom. sing.), on foot. 20. comminus (to meet him) haiid to hand. 20. specula, watching-place. 28 VERGILI AENEIS. [Book X advolat, hand alia est Turni venientis imago. \ hunc ubi contiguum missae fore credidit hastae, ire prior Pallas, si qua fors adiuvet ausum viribus imparibus, magnumque ita ad aethera f atur : ' Per patris hospitium et mensas, quas adveiia adisti, 5 te precor, Aleide, coeptis iiigentibus adsis. ceriiat semineci sibi me rapere arma cruenta victoremque ferant morientia lumina Turni.' audiit Alcides iuvenem magnumque sub imo corde premit gemitum lacrimasque efPundit inanis. 10 tum genitor natum dictis adfatur amicis : ^ Stat sua cuique dies, breve et inreparabile tempus omnibus est vitae ; sed f amam extendere f actis, hoc virtutis opus. Troiae sub moenibus altis tot nati cecidere deum ; quin occidit una 15 Sarpedon, mea progenies, etiam sua Turnum fata vocant metasque dati pervenit ad aevi.' sic ait atque oculos Rutulorum reicit arvis. at Pallas magnis emittit viribus hastam vaginaque cava fulgentem deripit ensem. 20 ilia volans, umeri surgunt qua tegmina summa, incidit atque viam clipei molita per or as tandem etiam magno strinxit de corpore Turni. hie Turnus ferro praefixum robur acuto in Pallanta diu librans iacit atque ita fatur : 25 * Aspice, num mage sit nostrum penetrabile telum.' dixerat ; at clipeum, tot f erri terga, tot aeris, quem pellis totiens obeat circumdata tauri, 2. contiguum, in reach. 6. Alcide, Hercules. 11. genitor, Jupi- ter. 16. Sarpedon, son of Jupiter and Europa, slain by Patroclus. 17. metas, goal, end. 22. molita, cutting. 23. strinxit, grazed. 25. librans, balancing. 26. mage = magis. 26. penetrabile, pene- trating. 27. terga, thicknesses. 28. obeat, goes around. 465-608.] THE STORY OF TURNUS. 29 vibranti cuspis medium transverberat ictii loricaeque moras et pectus perforat ingens. ille rapit calidum f rustra de vulnere telum : una eademque via sanguis animusque sequuntur. corruit in vulnus (sonitum super arma dedere) 5 et terram hostilem moriens petit ore cruento. quern Turnus super adsistens ' Arcades, haec ' inquit ' memores mea dicta ref erte Euandro : qualem meruit, Pallanta remitto. quisquis honos tumuli, quidquid solamen humandi est, 10 largior. baud illi stabunt Aeneia parvo hospitia.' et laevo pressit pede talia fatus exanimem, rapiens immania pondera baltei impressumque nefas : una sub nocte iugali caesa manus iuvenum foede thalamique cruenti, 15 quae Clonus Eurytides multo caelaverat auro ; quo nunc Turnus ovat spolio gaudetque potitus. nescia mens hominum fati sortisque futurae et servare modum, rebus sublata secundis ! Turno tempus erit, magno cum optaverit emptum 20 intactum Pallanta et cum spolia ista diemque oderit. at socii multo gemitu lax^rimisque impositum scuto referunt Pallanta frequentes. o dolor atque decus magnum reditu re parenti ! haec te prima dies bello dedit, liaec eadem aufert, 25 cum tamen ingentis Rutulorum linquis acervos. 1. cuspis, lance. 1. medium, with clipeum. 10. solamen hn- mdjx6d, con wlaiion of burial. 11. Idngior, f/noit. 11. parvo, abl. of price. 13. baltei, belt. 14. impressumque nefas, the belt was en- graved with the story of the daughters of Daiiaus. 14. iugali, nuptial. 15. thalami, bridal chambers. 16. caelaverat, carved. 20. magno (with emptum), at a great price. 30 VERGILI AENEIS. [Book X. Aeneas, on hearing of the death of Pallas, comes to the relief of the Arcadians. The enemy is driven back and the siege is raised, X. 509-604. Juno again pleads with Jupiter for the life of Turnus, x. 605-631. lunonem interea compellat luppiter ultro : ^ O germana mihi atque eadem gratissima coniunx, ut rebare, Venus (nee te sententia fallit) Troianas sustentat opes, non vivida bello dextra viris animusque ferox patiensque pericli.' 5 cui luno submissa : ' Quid, o pulcherrime coniunx, sollicitas aegram et tua tristia iussa timentem ? si mihi, quae quondam fuerat quamque esse decebat, vis in amore foret, non hoc mihi namque negares, omnipotens, quin et pugnae subducere Turnum 10 et Dauno possem incolumem servare parenti. nunc pereat Teucrisque pio det sanguine poenas. ille tamen nostra deducit origine nomen, Pilumnusque illi quartus pater, et tua larga saepe manu multisque oneravit limina donis.' 15 cui rex aetherii breviter sic fatus Olympi : ' Si mora praesentis leti tempusque caduco oratur iuveni meque hoc ita ponere sentis, tolle fuga Turnum atque instantibus eripe fatis. hactenus indulsisse vacat. sin altior istis 20 sub precibus venia ulla latet totumque moveri mutarive putas bellum, spes pascis inanis.^ 3. rebare = rebaris. 5. viris, dative with dextra. 14. tua, with limina. 14. larga (with oneravit), liberally. 17. caduco, doomed. 18. meque hoc ita ponere sentis, and thou understandest that such is my decree. 20. hactenus indulsisse vacat, so much is (/ranted. 22. pascis, nourish. I 609-650.] THE STORY OF TURNUS. 31 et luno adlacrimans : ' Quid, si, quae voce gravaris, mente dares atque haec Turno rata vita maneret ? nunc manet insontem gravis exitus, aut ego veri vana feror. quod ut o potius formidine falsa ludar et in melius tua, qui potes, orsa reflectas ! ' 5 Juno deludes Turnus with a phantom Aeneas and carries him off to Ardea, x. G32-687. Haec ubi dicta dedit, caelo se protinus alto misit, agens hiemem nimbo succincta per auras, Iliacamque aciem et Laurentia castra petivit. turn dea nube cava tenuem sine viribus umbram in f aciem Aeneae (visu mirabile monstrum) 10 Dardaniis ornat telis clipeumque iubasque divini adsimulat capitis, dat inania verba, dat sine mente sonum gressusque effingit euntis, morte obita qualis fama est volitare figuras aut quae sopitos deludunt somnia sensus. 16 at primas laeta ante acies exsultat imago inritatque virum telis et voce lacessit. instat cui Turnus stridentemque eminus hastam conicit : ilia dato vertit vestigia tergo. tum vero Aenean aversum ut cedere Turnus 20 credidit atque animo spem turbidus hausit inanem, ' Quo fugis, Aenea ? tlialamos ne desere pactos ; hac dabitur dextra tellus quaesita per undas.' talia vociferans sequitur strictumque coruscat 1. gravaris, yrantest with reluctance. 2. rata, secure. 3. in- sontem, innocent. 5. ludar, uiockcd. 5. orsa, plans. 7. nimbo succincta, clad in a cloud. U. obita, met. 15. sopitos, sleppinr/. 17. lacessit, challenges. 18. eminus, from afar. 21. turbidus, wildbj. 32 VERGILI AENEIS. [Hooks X., XL mucroneni, nee ferre videt sua gaudia ventos. forte ratis celsi coniuncta crepidine saxi expositis stabat scalis et ponte parato, qua rex Clusinis advectus Osinius oris. hue sese trepida Aeneae fugientis imago ^ 5 conicit in latebras, nee Turnus segnior instat exsuperatque moras et pontis transilit altos. vix proram attigerat : rumpit Saturnia funem avulsamque rapit revoluta per aequora navem. tum levis hand ultra latebras iam quaerit imago, 10 sed sublime volans nubi se immiscuit atrae. ilium autem Aeneas absentem in proelia poscit; obvia multa virum demittit corpora Morti, cum Turnum medio interea fert aequore turbo. respicit ignarus rerum ingratusque salutis 15 et duplicis cum voce manus ad sidera tendit : ^ Omnipotens genitor, tanton me crimine dignum duxisti et talis voluisti expendere poenas ? quo feror ? unde abii ? quae me fuga quemve reducit ? Laurentisne iterum muros aut castra videbo ? 20 quid manus ilia virum, qui me meaque arma secuti ? quosne (nefas) omnis infanda in morte reliqui et nunc palantis video gemitumque cadentum accipio ? quid ago ? aut quae iam satis ima dehiscat terra mihi ? vos o potius miserescite, venti ; 25 in rupes, in saxa (volens vos Turnus adoro) ferte ratem saevisque vadis immittite syrtis, quo neque me E-utuli nee conscia fama sequatur.' 1. mucronem, sword. 2. ratis (nom. sing.), ship. 2. crepidine, projection. G. latebras, hiding-place. 14. turbo, wind, breeze. 17. tanton = tantone. 18. duxisti, thought. 22. infanda, unspeaka- ble. 24. dehiscat, yawn. 27. syrtis, sands. 651-900,1-102.] THE STORY OF TURNUS. 33 liaec memorans animo nunc hue, nunc fluctuat illuc, an sese mucrone ob tantum dedecus amens induat et crudum per costas exigat ensem, iiuctibus an iaciat mediis et litora nando curva petat Teucrumque iterum se reddat in arma. 6 ter conatus utramque viam, ter maxima luno continuit iuvenemque animi miserata repressit. labitur alta secans fluctuque aestuque secundo et patris antiquam Dauni defertur ad urbem. Mezentius slays many Trojans (x. 688-767). Aeneas comes to meet him. In the fight Mezentius falls and Lausus, his son, hurries up to rescue him, whereupon Aeneas slays both son and father, x. 708-906. On the next morning the body of Pallas, slain by Turnus, is made ready to be sent back to his father Evander, xi. 1-95. Aeneas says a last fareioell to his friend, xi. 96-99. * Nos alias hinc ad lacrimas eadem horrida belli 10 fata vocant : salve aeternum mihi, maxime Palla, aetemumque vale.' nee plura effatus ad altos tendebat muros gressumque in castra ferebat. A truce is made for twelve days in lohich both sides care for their dead, xi. 100-138. lamque oratores aderant ex urbe Latina, velati ram is oleae veniamque rogantes : 16 corpora, per eampos ferro quae fusa iaeebant, 2. sese mucrone . . . induat, clothe himself with a sword = clothe a sword with himself, i.e. stab himself. 2. dedecus, disgrace. 3. cru- dum, bare. 3. costas, ribs, side. 8. secans, cutting through. 15. ve- lati ramis oleae, covered by branches of olive. 34 VERGILI AENEIS. [Book XL redderet ac tumiilo siiieret succedere terrae ; nullum cum victis certamen et aethere cassis ; parceret hospitibus quondam socerisque vocatis. quos bonus Aeneas baud aspernanda precantis prosequitur venia et verbis haec insuper addit : 6 ^ Quaenam vos tanto fortuna indigna, Latini, implicuit bello, qui nos f ugiatis amicos ? pacem me exanimis et Martis sorte peremptis Gratis ? equidem et vivis concedere vellem. nee veni, nisi fata locum sedemque dedissent ; 10 nee bellum cum gente gero : rex nostra reliquit hospitia et Turni potius se credidit armis. aequius huic Turnum fuerat se opponere morti. si bellum finire manu, si pellere Teucros apparat, his mecum decuit concurrere telis ; 15 vixet, cui vitam deus aut sua dextra dedisset. nunc ite et miseris supponite civibus ignem/ dixerat Aeneas, illi obstipuere silentes conversique oculos inter se atque ora tenebant. tum senior semperque odiis et crimine Drances 20 infensus iuveni Turno sic ore vicissim orsa refert : ^ f ama ingens, ingentior armis vir Troiane, quibus caelo te laudibus aequem ? iustitiaene prius mirer belline laborum? nos vero liaec patriam grati referemus ad urbem 25 et te, si qua viam dederit fortuna, Latino iungemus regi. quaerat sibi foedera Turnus. quin et fatalis murorum attollere moles 1. redderet, sc. Aeneas. 2. aethere cassis, bereft of life. 5. pro- sequitur venia, grants them the favor. 8. peremptis, taken aicay. IG. vixet = vixisset. 22. orsa, words. 24. iustitiae and laborum, gen. after mirer. 28. fatalis, ordained by fate. 103-224.] THE STORY OF TURNUS. 35 saxaque siibvectare umeris Troiana iuvabit/ dixerat haec, uiioque omnes eadem ore f remebant. bis senos pepigere dies et pace sequestra per silvas Teiicri mixtiqiie impune Latini erravere iugis. ferro soiiat alta bipeuni 6 fraxinus, evertunt actas ad sidera pinus, robora nee cuneis et olentem scindere cedruni nee plaustris cessant vectare gementibus ornos. The body of Pallas has been received with loud lamentations by Evander, xi. 139-181. While the Latins are caring for their dead (xi. 203-214), the friends of the slain are stirred to icrath against Turnus. Drances fans the flame, but Turnus has defenders, xi. 215-224. Hie matres miseraeque nurus, hie cara sororum pectora maerentum puerique parentibiis orbi 10 diruni exsecrantur bellum Turnique hynienaeos ; ipsum armis ipsumque iiibent decernere ferro, qui regnum Italiae et primos sibi poscat honores. ingravat haec saevus Drances solumque vocari testatur, solum posci in certamina Turnum. 15 multa simul contra variis sententia dictis pro Turno, et magnum reginae nomen obumbrat, multa virum meritis sustentat fama tropaeis. 1. saza . . . Troiana, i.e. for a Trojan city. 1. subvectare, carry. '^. pe-pigere, dvkIc a truce. 3. pa.ce sequestra., sheltej-iug peace. 5. bi- peimi, axe. c>. fra.:diiXiB, slender a.sh. 1. cvineiB,wedf/es. 7. olentem . . . cedrum, frag7'ant cedar. 8. plaustris, icti(/ons. H. ornos, )uoun- tain ash. \i. nurus, dauffhters-ln-law . 10. maerentum, sorrowing. 10. OThi, orphaned. 11. exsefiTa.XLX,\xx, call down curses upon. 14. in- gravat . . . saevus, ayf/ravates. 17. obumbrat, shelters. 18. tro- paeis, trophies, victories. 36 VERGILI AENEIS. [Book XL The embassadors have returned from the city of Diomede. A council is called over which Latinus presides : Diomede has declined to aid them, and advised them to make peace with Aeneas. At this report the council is thrown into confusion, XI. 225-299. Latinus speaks in favor of peace, xi. 300-335. Ut primum placati animi et trepida ora qiiierunt, praefatus divos solio rex infit ab alto : ' Ante equidem summa de re statuisse, Latini, et vellem et fuerat melius, non tempore tali cogere concilium, cum muros adsidet hostis. 5 bellum importunum, cives, cum gente deorum invictisque viris gerimus, quos nulla fatigant proelia, nee victi possunt absistere ferro. spem si quam ascitis Aetolum habuistis in armis, ponite. spes sibi quisque; sed haec quam angusta, videtis. 10 cetera qua rerum iaceant perculsa ruina, ante oculos interque manus sunt omnia vestras. nee quemquam incuso : potuit quae plurima virtus esse, f uit ; toto certatum est corpore regni. nunc adeo, quae sit dubiae sententia menti, 15 expediam et paucis (animos adhibete) docebo. est antiquus ager Tusco mihi proximus amni, longus in occasum, finis super usque Sicanos ; Aurunci Eutulique serunt et vomere duros 1. quierunt, from quiesco. 2. solio, seat, throne. 9. ascitis, auxillarij. 9. Aetolum, Diomede's followers. 11. perculsa, over- throivn. 13. incuso, accuse. 14. corpore, strength. 17. Tusco . . . amni, i.e. the Tiber. 18. longus in occasum, far to the west. 18. Si- canos, the Siculi, found first in Italy and later in Sicily. 19. serunt, till. 225-341.] THE STORY OF TURNUS. 37 exercent colles atque horuni asperrinia pascunt. haec omnis regio et celsi plaga i)inea niontis cedat amicitiae Teucrorum, et foederis aecjuas dicamu^ leges sociosque in regiia vocemus ; considant, si tantus amor, et moenia condant. 6 sin alios finis aliamque capessere gentem est animus possuntque solo decedere nostro, bis denas Italo texamus robore navis, seu pluris complere valent : iacet omnis ad undam materies ; ipsi numerumque modumqiie carinis 10 praecipiant, nos aera, manus, navalia demus. praeterea, qui dicta ferant et foedera firment, centum oratores prima de gente Latinos ire placet pacisque manu praetendere ramos, munera portantis aurique eborisque talenta 15 et sellam regni trabeamque insignia nostri. consulite in medium et rebus succurrite fessis.' Drances inveighs against Turnus, who appears now for the first time since his unwilling flight to Ardea, xi. 336-376. Tum Drances, idem infensus, quem gloria Turni obliqua invidia stimulisque agitabat amaris, (largus opum et lingua melior, sed frigida bello 20 dextera, consiliis habitus non futtilis auctor, seditione potens ; genus huic materna superbum nobilitas dabat, incertum de patre ferebat;) 1. asperrima, the roughest parts. 2. plaga, belt, district. 6. ca- pessere = capere. 7. solo, terntory. 8. texamus, hnild. 9. seu pluris, or more if. 11. praecipiant, prescribe. 15. eboris, ivory. Hi. sellam regni, chair of state. IG. trabeam, purple robe. 17. in medium, for the common good. 19. obliqua, sidelong, furtive. 19. amaris, bitter. 20. largus opum, liberal. 38 VERGILI AENEIS. [Book XL surgit et his onerat dictis atque aggerat iras : * Rem nulli obscuram nostrae nee vocis egentem consulis, o bone rex : cuncti se scire fatentur, quid fortuna ferat populi, sed dicere mussant. det libertatem fandi flatusqne remittat, 5 cuius ob auspicium infaustum moresque sinistros (dicam equidem, licet arma niihi mortemque minetur) lumina tot cecidisse ducum totamque videmus consedisse urbem luctu, dum Troia temptat castra, fugae fidens, et caelum territat armis. 10 unum etiam donis istis, quae plurima mitti Dardanidis dicique iubes, unum, optime regum, adicias, nee te ullius violentia vincat, quin natam egregio genero dignisque hymenaeis desj pater, et pacem banc aeterno foedere firmes. 15 quod si tantus habet mentes et pectora terror, ipsuni obtestemur veniamque oremus ab ipso: cedat, ius proprium regi patriaeque remittat. quid miseros totiens in aperta pericula cives proicis, Latio caput horum et causa malorum ? 20 nulla salus bello ; pacem te poscimus omnes, Turne, simul pacis solum inviolabile pignus. primus ego, invisum quem tu tibi fingis (et esse nil moror), en supplex venio. miserere tuorum, pone animos et pulsus abi. sat funera fusi 25 vidimus, ingentis et desolavimus agros. aut si fama movet, si tantum pectore robur 2. egentem, in need of. 4. dicere mussant, mutter, murmur, i.e. are afraid to speak out. 5. flatus remittat, curb his haughty spirit. 6. infaustum, iinpropitious. 7. licet, although. 18. cedat, sc. Tur- nus. 23. fingis, imagine. 23. esse nil moror, / care not if I am. 25. pulsus, defeated. 342-394.] THE STORY OF TURNUS. 39 concipis et si adeo dotalis regia cordi est, aiide atque adversum fidens fer pectus in hostem. scilicet ut Turiio contingat regia coniunx, nos, aniiiiae viles, inhuinata infletaque tiirba, sternamur campis. etiam tu, si qua tibi vis, 6 si patrii quid Martis habes, ilium aspice contra, qui vocat/ Turnus replies to Drances, xi. 376-409. Talibus exarsit dictis violentia Turni ; dat gemitum rumpitque has imo pectore voces : ^ Larga quidem, Drance, semper tibi copia fandi lo tum, cum bella manus poscunt, patribusque vocatis primus ades. sed non replenda est curia verbis, quae tuto tibi magna volant, dum distinct hostem agger moerorum nee inundant sanguine fossae, proinde tona eloquio (solitum tibi) meque timoris 15 argue tu, Drance, quando tot stragis acervos Teucrorum tua dextra dedit passimque tropaeis insignis agros. possit quid vivida virtus, experiare licet : nee longe scilicet hostes quaerendi nobis ; circumstant undique muros. 20 imus in adversos ? quid cessas ? an tibi Mavors ventosa in lingua pedibusque fugacibus istis semper erit? pulsus ego ? aut quisquam merito, foedissime, pulsum arguet, Iliaco tumidum qui crescere Thybrim 25 sanguine et Euandri totam cum stirpe videbit 1. cordi, to thy liking. 3. contingat, belong. 12. curia, senate- house. 13. distinet, ^ee/)a q^'. 14. moerorum = wm;wu/». 15. tona, thunder forth. 16. argfue, occii^e. 16. stragis acervos, /*ea/).?q/'s/rtm. 19. nee longe . . . quaerendi, not/ar to seek. 20. stirpe, i.e. Pallas. 40 VERGILI AENEIS. [Book XI. procubuisse domum atque exutos Arcadas armis ? hand ita me expert! Bitias et Pandarus ingens et quos mille die victor sub Tartara misi, inclusus muris hostilique aggere saeptus. " Nulla salus bello." capiti cane talia, demens, 5 Dardanio rebusque tuis. proinde omnia magno ne cessa turbare metu atque extollere vires gentis bis victae, contra premere arma Latini. nunc et Myrmidonum proceres Phrygia arma tremescunt, [nunc et Tydides et Larisaeus Achilles,] 10 amnis et Hadriacas retro fugit Aufidus undas. vel cum se pavidum contra mea iurgia fingit artificis scelus et formidine crimen acerbat. numquam animam talem dextra hac (absiste moveri) amittes : habitet tecum et sit pectore in isto. 15 Turnus now turns to Latinus, xi. 410-433. Nunc ad te et tua magna, pater, consulta revertor. si nullam nostris ultra spem ponis in armis, si tam deserti sumus et semel agmine verso funditus occidimus neque habet Fortuna regressum, oremus pacem et dextras tendamus inertis. 20 quamquam o si solitae quicquam virtutis adesset ! ille mihi ante alios fortunatusque laborum egregiusque animi, qui, ne quid tale videret, 1. exutos, despoiled. 3. die, in one day. 9. Myrmidonum, the followers of Achilles. 9. proceres, chiefs. 9. tremescunt, tremble at. 12. contra mea iurgia, in the face of my contention. 12. fingit, represents. 13. artificis scelus, his knave's trick. 13. crimen acerbat, sharpens his accusation. 19. funditus, bitterly. 19. re- gressum, turning. 21. quamquam, and yet. 22. ille (sc. videtur), that one. 395-441.] THE STORY OF TURNUS. 41 procubuit moriens et hiimum semel ore momordit. sin et opes nobis et adhiic intacta inventus auxilioque urbes Italae populique supersunt, sin et Troianis cum multo gloria venit sanguine (sunt illis sua funera, parque per omnis 5 tempestas) cur indecores in limine primo deficimus ? cur ante tubam tremor occupat artus ? multa dies variique labor mutabilis aevi rettulit in melius, multos alterna revisens lusit et in solido rursus Fortuna locavit. 10 non erit auxilio nobis Aetolus et Arpi : at Messapus erit felixque Tolumnius et quos tot populi misere duces, nee parva sequetur gloria delectos Latio et Laurentibus agris. est et Volscorum egregia de gente Camilla, 15 agmen agens equitum et florentis acre catervas. Turnus offers to meet Aeneds^s demand for a single combat^ xi. 434-444. Quod si me solum Teucri in certamina poscunt idque placet tantumque bonis communibus obsto, non adeo has exosa manus Victoria fugit, ut tanta quicquam pro spe temptare recusem. 20 ibo animis contra, vel magnum praestet Achillem factaque Volcani manibus paria induat arma ille licet, vobis animam hanc soceroque Latino Turnus ego, baud ulli veterum virtute secundus, 1. momordit, has bitten. G. indecores, weakly. 7. deficimus, falter. 8. multa, many things. 11. Aetolus = Diomede. 14. de- lectos, /eyie^^ IC). &0Ten\AB,resplende7)t. 19. exoB&, hating. 21. ani- mis, icith courage. 21. vel . . . licet, even though. 22. paria, equal to (those of Achilles) . 42 VEEGILI AENEIS. [Book XL devovi. solum Aeneas vocat. et vocet oro, nee Drances potius, sive est haec ira deorum, morte luat, sive est virtus et gloria, tollat/ In the midst of the discussion the alarm is given that Aeneas is marching out to meet the Latins. Turnus rushes to arms, xi. 445-467. Illi haec inter se dubiis de rebus agebant certantes : castra Aeneas aciemque movebat. 5 nuntius ingenti per regia tecta tumultu ecce ruit magnisque urbem terroribus implet, instructos acie Tiberino a flumine Teucros Tyrrhenamque manum totis descendere campis. extemplo turbati animi concussaque volgi 10 pectora et arrectae stimulis baud mollibus irae. arma manu trepidi poscunt, f remit arm a inventus, flent maesti mussantque patres. hie undique clamor dissensu vario magnus se tollit ad auras, hand secus atque alto in luco cum forte catervae 15 consedere avium piscosove amne Padusae dant sonitum rauci per stagna loquacia cycni. ' Immo ' ait ^ o cives ' arrepto tempore Turnus, ' cogite concilium et pacem laudate sedentes ; illi armis in regna ruunt.' nee plura locutus 20 corripuit sese et tectis citus extulit altis. ' Tu, Voluse, armari Yolscorum edice maniplis, due ^ ait ' et Eutulos. equitem, Messapus, in armis. 3. luat (subject, Drances), expiate. 3. toUat, ivin. 9. totis. . . csimpia, over all the plain. 13. maesti, sad. 15. haud secus atque, noi otherwise than. 16. Fadusae, one of the mouths of the Po. 18. ar- repto tempore, seizing this opportunity. 22. maniplis, bands. 442-485.] THE STORY OF TURN US. 43 et cum fratre Coras, latis diffundite campis. pars aditiis urbis firmet turrisque capessat ; cetera, qua iusso, mecum manus inferat arma.' The assembly is dissolved and Latinus reproaches himself for his inaction. The queen and Lavinia go to the temple to pray, xi. 468-485. Ilicet in muros tota discurritur urbe. concilium ipse pater et magna incepta Latinus 6 deserit ac tristi turbatus tempore differt multaque se incusat, qui non acceperit ultro Dardanium Aenean generumque asciverit urbi. praefodiunt alii portas aut saxa sudesque subvectant. bello dat signum rauca cruentum 10 bucina. turn muros varia cinxere corona matronae puerique ; vocat labor ultimus omnis. nee non ad templum summasque ad Palladis arces subvehitur magna matrum regina caterva, dona ferens, iuxtaque comes Lavinia virgo, 16 causa mali tanti, oculos deiecta decoros. succedunt matres et templum ture vaporant et maestas alto fundunt de limine voces : * Armipotens, praeses belli, Tritonia virgo, frange manu telum Phrygii praedonis et ipsum 20 pronum sterne solo portisque effunde sub altis/ 2. capessat, man. 3. iusso = itissero. 4. ilicet, straightway . 7. qui, causal. 8. asciverit, adopt. 9. sudes, stakes. 11. bucina, war-trumpet. 11. corona, crown. 15. iuxta, near by. 17. ture, in- cense. 19. praeses, leader. 44 VERGILI AENEIS. [Book XL Turnus and Camilla divide the command. Camilla meets the Trojans on the plain while Turnus prepares an ambush for Aeneas^ xi. 486-531. Cingitur ipse furens certatim in proelia Turnus. iamque adeo rutilum thoraca indutus aenis horrebat squamis surasque incluserat auro, tempora nudus adhuc, laterique accinxerat ensem fulgebatque alta decurrens aureus arce 5 exsultatque animis et spe iam praecipit hostem : qualis ubi abruptis fugit praesaepia vinclis tandem liber equus campoque potitus aperto aut ille in pastus armentaque tendit equarum aut adsuetus aquae perfundi flumine noto 10 emicat arrectisque fremit cervicibus alte luxurians, luduntque iubae per colla, per armos. obvia cui Yolscoruni acie coraitante Camilla occurrit portisque ab equo regina sub ipsis desiluit, quam tota cohors imitata relictis 16 ad terram defluxit equis ; turn talia f atur : ^ Turne, sui merito si qua est fiducia f orti, audeo et Aeneadum promitto occurrere turmae solaque Tyrrhenes equites ire obvia contra. me sine prima manu temptare pericula belli, 20 tu pedes ad muros subsiste et moenia serva.' Turnus ad haec, oculos horrenda in virgine fixus : ^ decus Italiae virgo, quas dicere grates quasve ref erre parem ? sed nunc, est omnia quando iste animus supra, mecum partire laborem. 25 1. cingitur, arms himself. 1. certatim, eagerly. 2. rutilum, red. 2. thoraca, breast-plate. 2. indutus, having put on. 3. suras, legs. 6. praecipit, anticipates. 7. praesaepia, stalls. 9. pastus, pasture. 10. perfundi, to bathe. 12. luxurians, wantoning. 12. armos, shoulders. 17. sui . . . forti, in one's own strength. 20. Bine, permit. 486-897.] THE STORY OF TURNUS. 46 Aeneas, ut fama fidem missique reportant exploratores, equitum levia improbus anna praemisit, quaterent campos ; ipse arclua montis per deserta iugo superans adventat ad urbem. furta paro belli convexo in tramite silvae, 6 ut bivias armato obsidam milite fauces. tu Tyrrlienum equitem collatis excipe signis ; tecum acer Messapus erit turmaeque Latinae Tiburtique manus ; ducis et tu concipe curam.' sic ait et paribus Messapum in proelia dictis 10 hortatur sociosque duces et pergit in hostem. est curvo anfractu valles, accommoda fraudi armorumque dolis, quam densis frondibus atrum urget utrimque latus, tenuis quo semita ducit angustaeque ferunt fauces aditusque maligni. 15 banc super in speculis summoque in vertice montis planities ignota iacet tutique receptus, sen dextra laevaque velis occurrere pugnae, sive instare iugis et grandia volvere saxa. hue iuvenis nota fertur regione viarum 20 arripuitque locum et silvis insedit iniquis. Camilla joins battle with the Trojans and is treacherously slain. The Latins flee in disorder to the city, xi. 632-895. The news of Camilla's death is carried to Turnus in his place of ambush, xi. 896-916. Interea Turnum in silvis saevissimus implet nuntius et iuveni ingentem fert Acca tumultum : 2. improbus, shameless. 3. quaterent, to lay waste. 3. mentis . . . iugo, mountain-ridge. 5. furta . . . belli, ambush. 5. tramite, path. 0. bivias, two. 7. excipe, await. 12. anfractu, winding. 13. atrum, black. 15. maligni, dangerous. 17. planities, level place. 23. Acca, with nuntius. 46 VERGILI AENEIS. [Books XI., XII. deletas Volscorum acies, cecidisse Camillam, ingruere infensos hostis et Marte secundo omnia corripuisse, metuin iam ad inoenia ferri. ille furens (et saeva lovis sic numina poscunt) deserit obsessos collis, nemora aspera linquit. 5 vix e conspectu exierat campmnque teiiebat, cum pater Aeneas, saltus ingressus apertos, exsuperatque iugum silvaque evadit opaca. sic ambo ad muros rapidi totoque feruntur agmine nee longis inter se passibus absunt ; 10 ac simul Aeneas fumantis pulvere campos prospexit longe Laurentiaque agmina vidit, et saevrnn Aenean agnovit Turnus in armis adventumque pedum flatusque audivit equorum. continuoque ineant pugnas et proelia temptent, 15 ni roseus fessos iam gurgite Phoebus Hibero tingat equos noctemque die labente reducat. considunt castris ante urbem et moenia valiant. Turnus decides to meet Aeneas in single combat. Latinus and Amata try in vain to dissuade him. The two contestants pre- pare for the Jight, xii. 1-112. Turnus ut infractos adverso Marte Latinos defecisse videt, sua nunc promissa reposci, 20 se signari oculis, ultro implacabilis ardet attollitque animos. Poenorum qualis in arvis, saucius ille gravi venantum vulnere pectus, tum demum movet arma leo gaudetque comantis 1. deletas, destroyed. 2. ingruere, attack. 8. exsuperat, appears above. 16. gurgite . . . Hibero, i.e. the Western Ocean. 19. infractos, broken. 22. Poenorum, i.e. Africa. 23. saucius, t^ownded. 23. venantum, huntsmen. 24. movet arma, makes an attack. 24. comantis, shaggy. 898-915, 1-32.] THE STORY OF TURNUS. 47 excutiens cervice toros fixumque latronis impavidus f rangit telum et f remit ore cruento : haud secus accenso gliscit- violentia Turno. turn sic adfatur regem atque ita turbidus infit : * Nulla mora in Turno; nihil est, quod dicta retractent 5 ignavi Aeneadae, nee quae pepigere recusent: congredior. fer sacra, pater, et concipe foedus. aut liac Dardanium dextra sub Tartara mittam, desertorem Asiae, (sedeant spectentque Latini) et solus ferro crimen commune refellam, 10 aut liabeat victos, cedat Lavinia coniunx.' Olli sedato respondit corde Latinus : ' praestans animi iuvenis, quantum ipse feroci virtute exsuperas, tanto me impensius aequum est consulere atque omnis metuentem expendere casus. 15 sunt tibi regna patris Dauni, sunt oppida capta multa manu, nee non aurumque animusque Latino est. sunt aliae innuptae Latio et Laurentibus arvis, nee genus indecores. sine me haec haud mollia fatu sublatis aperire dolis, simul hoc animo hauri : 20 me natam nulli veterum sociare procorum fas erat, idque omnes divique hominesque canebant. victus amore tui, cognato sanguine victus, coniugis et raaestae lacrimis, vincla omnia rupi : promissam eripui genero, arm a impia sumpsi. 25 ex illo qui me casus, quae, Turne, sequantur 1. tOTOB, muscles, smews. 3. gliacit, blazes vp. 5. dicta, Aeneas's cliallenj^e. G. pepigere, agreed upon. 7. pater, Latinus. 10. re- fellam, refute. 11. victos, sc. nos. 14. impensius, more earnestly. 15. expendere, lay before. 15. casus, chance. 17. animus, heart. 20. sublatis . . . dolis, frankly. 20. hauri, receive, judge. 21. so- ciare, give in marriage. 21. procorum, suitors. 25. promissam, his betrothed. 48 VERGILI AENEIS. [Book XII. bella vides, quantos primus patiare labores. bis magna victi pugna vix urbe tuemur spes Italas, recalent nostro Tiberina fluenta sanguine adhuc campique ingentes ossibus albent. quo referor totiens ? quae mentem insania mutat ? 5 si Turno exstincto socios sum ascire paratus, cur non incolumi potius certamina tollo ? quid consangiiinei Rutuli, quid cetera dicet Italia, ad mortem si te (Fors dicta refutet !) prodiderim, natam et conubia nostra petentem ? 10 respice res bello varias ; miserere parentis longaevi, quern nunc maestum patria Ardea longe dividit/ haudquaquam dictis violentia Turni flectitur ; exsuperat magis aegrescitque medendo. ut primum f ari potuit, sic institit ore : 15 ^ Quam pro me curam geris, banc precor, optime, pro me deponas letumque sinas pro laude pacisci. et nos tela, pater, ferrumque baud debile dextra spargimus, et nostro sequitur de vulnere sanguis, longe illi dea mater erit, quae nube fugacem 20 feminea tegat et vanis sese occulat umbris.' At regina, nova pugnae conterrita sorte, flebat et ardentem generum moritura tenebat : ^ Turne, per has ego te lacrimas, per si quis Amatae tangit bonos animum (spes tu nunc una, senectae 25 tu requies miserae, decus imperiumque Latini te penes, in te omnis domus inclinata recumbit) unum oro : desiste manum committere Teucris. 3. TecsAent, are still warm. 3. fluenta, loaders. 4. ailbent, are lo kite. 7. ceTt&mina. tollo, quit the fight. 9. ref Mtet, annul. 12. longe di- vidit, keeps distant. 14. medendo, under treatment. 17. pacisci, pay the price of. 18. debile, weak. 20. dea mater, Venus. 21. oc- culat, hides. 27. penes, with. 33-86.] THE STORY OF TURNUS. 49 qui te cumque manent isto certamine casus, et me, Turne, manent : simul haec invisa relinquam lumina nee generum Aenean captiva videbo.' accepit vocem lacrimis Lavinia matris flagrantis perfusa genas, cui plurimus ignem 5 subiecit rubor et calefacta per ora cucurrit. Indum sanguineo veluti violaverit ostro si quis ebur, aut mixta rubent ubi lilia multa alba rosa, talis virgo dabat ore colores. ilium turbat amor, figitque in virgine vultus. 10 ardet in arma magis paucisque adfatur Amatam : * Ne, quaeso, ne me lacrimis neve omine tanto prosequere in duri certamina Martis euntem, o mater ; neque enim Turno mora libera mortis. nuntius haec Idmon Phrygio mea dicta tyranno 15 hand placitura refer : cum primum crastina caelo puniceis invecta rotis Aurora rubebit, non Teucros agat in Kutulos ; Teucrum arma quiescant et Rutuli; nostro dirimamus sanguine bellum; illo quaeratur coniunx Lavinia campo.' 20 Haec ubi dicta dedit rapidusque in tecta recessit, poscit equos gaudetque tuens ante ora frementis, Pilumno quos ipsa decus dedit Orithyia, qui candore nives anteirent, cursibus auras, circumstant properi aurigae manibusque lacessunt 25 pectora plausa cavis et colla comantia pectunt. 1. qui . . . cumque, whatever. 5. flagrantis . . . genas, burning cheeks. (>. rubor, blush. (5. calefacta, burning. 7. ostro, purple. 9. alba, with idia. 10. crastina, to-morrow's. 17. puniceis, flame- colored. 1\). dirimajii\i.B, decide. 2;?. Orithyia, wife of Boreas. 24. an- teirent, rivalled. 25. properi aurigae, nimble charioteers. 25. la- cessunt, pat. 20. plausa, sounding. 26. oavis, hollow, open. 20. pectunt, comb. 50 VERGILI AENEIS. [Book XII. ipse dehinc auro squalentem alboque orichalco circumdat loricam umeris, simul aptat habeudo ensemque clipeumque et rubrae cornua cristae, ensem, quern Dauno ignipotens deus ipse parenti fecerat et Stygia candentem tiuxerat uiida. 6 exin, quae mediis ingenti adnixa columnae aedibus astabat, validam vi corripit has tarn, Actoris Aurunci spoliura, quassatque trementem vociferans : ' Nunc, o numquam f rustrata vocatus hasta meos, nunc tempus adest; te maxim us Actor, lO te Tumi nunc dextra gerit. da sternere corpus loricamque manu valida lacerare revulsam semiviri Phrygis et foedare in pulvere crinis vibratos calido ferro murraque madentis.' his agitur furiis, totoque ardentis ab ore 15 scintillae absistunt, oculis micat acribus ignis ; mugitus veluti cum prima in proelia taurus terrificos ciet atque irasci in cornua temptat, arboris obnixus trunco, ventosque lacessit ictibus aut sparsa ad pugnam proludit harena. 20 Nee minus interea maternis saevus in armis Aeneas acuit Martem et se suscitat ira, oblato gaudens componi foedere helium, tum socios maestique metum solatur luli, fata docens, regique iubet responsa Latino 25 certa referre viros et pacis dicere leges. 1. squalentem, rough. 1. orichalco, brass. 2. habendo, for use. 4. ignipotens deus, Vulcan. 5. candentem, glowing. 6. exin = exincle. 6. adnixa, leaning. 8. quassat, shakes. 9. vocatus . . . meos, my bidding. 14. vibratos, curled. 14. murra madentis, damp with myrrh. 16. scintillae, JfasAes. 18. ciet, .sends /or^A. 18. irasci in cornua, to gather his rage into his horns. 23. oblato . . . foedere, on the proffered terms. 87-183.] THE STORY OF TURNUS. 51 The two armies are drawn up to watch the contest. The people watch from the towers and gates, xii. 113-133. Juno incites Juturna, sister of Turnus, to take part in the contest, xii. 134-160. Latinus atid Aeneas make the treaty, xii. 161-216. Interea reges, ingenti mole Latinus quadriiugo vehitiir curru, cui tempora circum aurati bis sex radii fulgentia cingunt, Solis avi specimen; bigis it Turnus in albis, bina manu lato crispans liastilia ferro ; 5 liinc pater Aeneas, Romanae stirpis origo, sidereo flagi*ans clipeo et caelestibus armis, et iuxta Ascanius, magnae spes altera Romae, procedunt castris, puraque in veste sacerdos saetigeri fetiim suis intonsamque bidentem lo attulit admovitque pecus flagrantibus aris. illi ad surgentem conversi lumina solem dant fruges manibus salsas et tempora ferro sum ma notant pecudum paterisque altaria libant. tum pius Aeneas stricto sic ense precatur : 15 ' Esto nunc Sol testis et haec mihi Terra vocanti, quam propter tantos potui perferre labores, et pater omnipotens et tu Saturnia coniunx, iam melior, iam, diva, precor ; tuque inclute Mavors, cuncta tuo qui bella, pater, sub numine torques ; 20 fontisque fluviosque voco, quaeque aetheris alti religio et quae caeruleo sunt numina ponto : cesserit Ausonio si fors victoria Turno, 4. specimen, sign, token. 4. bigis, two-horsed chariot. 5. cri- spans, hrandishinij. 10. saetigeri fetum suis, the young of a bristly swine. 10. intonsamque bidentem, unshorn sheep. 14. pateris, bowls. VJ. inclute, glorious. 20. torques, direct. 52 VERGILI AENEIS. [Book XII. convenit Euandri victos discedere ad urbem. cedet lulus agris, nee post arma ulla rebelles Aeneadae referent ferrove haec regna lacessent. sin nostrum adnuerit nobis Victoria Martem (ut potius reor et potius di numine firment), 5 non ego nee Teucris Italos parere iubebo nee mihi regna peto : paribus se legibus ambae invictae gentes aeterna in foedera mittant. sacra deosque dabo ; socer arma Latinus habeto, imperium sollemne socer ; mihi moenia Teucri 10 constituent urbique dabit Lavinia nomen.' sic prior Aeneas ; sequitur sic deinde Latinus, suspicions caelum, tenditque ad sidera dextram : * Haec eadem ' Aenea, terrain, mare, sidera iuro, Latonaeque genus duplex lanumque bifrontem 15 vimque deum infernam et duri sacraria Ditis ; audiat haec genitor, qui foedera fulmine sancit. tango aras, medios ignis et numina testor : nulla dies pacem banc Italis nee foedera rumpet, quo res cumque cadent, nee me vis ulla volentem 20 avertet, non, si tellurem effundat in undas, diluvio miscens, caelumque in Tartara solvat; ut sceptrum hoc ' (dextra sceptrum nam forte gerebat) ^ numquam fronde levi f undet virgulta nee umbras, cum semel in silvis imo de stirpe recisum 25 matre caret posuitque comas et bracchia f erro ; dim arbos, nunc artificis manus aere decoro inclusit patribusque dedit gestare Latinis/ talibus inter se firmabant foedera dictis 15. genus duplex, Apollo and Diana. 20. quo . . . cumque, in whatever lomj. 22. diluvio, deluge. 24. virgiQta, shoots. 25. reci- sum, severed. 26. comas, leaves. 184-2.']6.] THE STORY OF TURNUS. 53 conspectii in medio proceruin. turn rite sacratas in flammam iugulant pecudes et viscera vivis eripiunt cumulantque oneratis lancibus aras. The ButuUans, at sight of Turnus, recognize the inequality of the contest. Jutiirna, assuming the form of Camers, works upon their sympathy^ xii. 216-243. At vero Rutulis impar ea pngna videri iamdudum et vario misceri pectora motu ; 5 turn magis, ut propius cernunt non viribus aequis. adiuvat incessu tacito progressus et arani suppliciter venerans demisso luraiue Turnus tabentesque genae et iuvenali in corpore pallor, quern simiil ac luturna soror erebrescere vidit 10 sermonem et vulgi variare labantia corda, in medias acies, formam adsimulata Camerti (cui genus a proavis ingens claruinque paternae nomen erat virtutis et ipse acerrimus armis), in medias dat sese acies, baud nescia rerum, 15 rumoresque serit varios ac talia fatur : * Non pudet, o Rutuli, pro cunctis talibus unam obiectare animam ? numerone an viribus aequi non sumus ? en, omnes et Troes et Arcades hi sunt, fatalisque manus, infensa Etruria Turno. 20 vix hostem, alterni si congrediamur, liabemus. ille quidem ad superos, quorum se devovet arts, succedet fama vivusque per ora feretur ; nos patria amissa dominis parere superbis 2. in flammam iu§^ant, slay and put upon the fires. 3. lancibus, plates. 7. adiuvat, adds to (their feeling). 7. incessu, step. 8. de- misso lumine, loith eyes cast down. i). tabentes, wasting. 16. serit, sows. 21. alterni, i.e half of us. 2:i. succedet, is lifted. 54 VERGILI AENEIS. [Book XII. cogemurj qui nunc lenti consedimus arvis.' talibus incensa est iuvenum sententia dictis iam magis atque inagis serpitque per agmina murmur ; ipsi Laurentes mutati ipsique Latini. qui sibi iam requiem pugnae rebusque salutem 5 sperabant, nunc arma volunt foedusque precantur infectum et Turni sortem miserantur iniquam. An eagle carrying a swan in its talons is seen pursued by a flock of birds and compelled to drop its prey. The liutulians regard- ing this as an omen are encouraged to attack the Trojans. The battle soon becomes general. Latinus flees, bearing his gods with him, XII. 244-310. While endeavoring to put an end to the fight, Aeneas is wounded. Turnus elated at this turn of fortune falls upon the Trojan host^ XII. 311-330. At pius Aeneas dextram tendebat inermem nudato capite atque suos clamore vocabat : ' Quo ruitis ? quaeve ista repens discordia surgit ? 10 o cohibete iras ! ictum iam foedus et omnes compositae leges ; milii ius concurrere soli ; me sinite atque auferte metus ; ego foedera faxo firma manu ; Turnum debent haec iam mihi sacra.' has inter voces, media inter talia verba, 15 ecce viro stridens alis adlapsa sagitta est, incertum qua pulsa manu, quo turbine adacta, quis tantam Rutulis laudem, casusne deusne, attulerit : pressa est insignis gloria facti 1. lenti, i/i peace. 7. infectum, unmade. 8. inermem, M?ia7*med. \ 14. sacra, sacHfices. IG. stridens, hissing. 16. alis, on wings. \ 18. -ne . . . -ne, lohether . . . or. 19. pressa, hidden. | I 237-436.] THE STORY OF TURNUS. 55 nec sese Aeneae iactavit vulnere quisqiiam. Turnus, ut Aenean cedentem ex agniine vidit turbatosque duces, subita spe fervidus ardet ; poscit equos atqiie arma simiil saltuque siiperbus emicat in currum et manibiis molitur habenas. 6 miilta virum volitans dat fortia corpora Leto, semiueces volvit multos aut agmina curru proterit aut raptas fugientibus ingerit hastas. While Turnus is thus occupied, Aeneas is led to the camp. The wound does not yield to ordinary treatment and the Trojans are in dismay. Venus, however, lends her aid, and the wound is suddenly healed, xii. 331-424. Aeneas demands his weapons and bids Ascanius farewell, xii. 425-440. ' Arma citi properate viro ! quid statis ? ' lapyx conclamat primusque animos accendit in hostem. 10 ^ Non haec humanis opibus, non arte magistra proveniunt neque te, Aenea, mea dextera servat : maior agit deus atque opera ad maiora remittit/ ille avidus pugnae suras incliiserat auro liinc atque hinc oditque moras hastamque coruscat. 15 postquam habilis lateri clipeus loricaque tergo est, Ascanium fusis circum complectitur armis summaque per galeam delibans oscula fatur : ' disce, puer, virtutem ex me verumque laborem, fortunam ex aliis. nunc te mea dextera belle 20 1. seae . . . iactavit, boasted. 4. saltu, leap. 5. manibus molitur habenas, seizes the reins. 8. proterit, tramples. 8. ingerit, hurif. 9. lapyx, the physician of Aeneas. 12. proveniunt, happen. 16. ha- \>i]xB, fitted. 18. delibans, touching. 56 VERGILI AENEIS. [Book XII. defensum dabit et magna inter praemia ducet. til facito, mox cum matura adoleverit aetas, sis memor et te animo repetentem exempla tuorum et pater Aeneas et avunculus excitet Hector.'' Aeneas enters the battle and the enemy in terror flee from him, XII. 441-465. Aeneas seeks only Turnus, hut Juturna manages to keep the two apart, xii. 466-487. Solum densa in caligine Turnum 5 vestigat lustrans, solum in certamina poscit. hoc concussa metu mentem luturna virago aurigam Turni media inter lora Metiscum excutit et longe lapsum temone relinquit ; ipsa subit manibusque undantis flectit habenas, lo cuncta gerens, vocemque et corpus et arma Metisci. nigra velut magnas domini cum divitis aedes pervolat et pinnis alta atria lustrat hirundo, pabula parva legens nidisque loquacibus escas, et nunc porticibus vacuis, nunc umida circum 15 stagna sonat : similis medios luturna per hostis fertur equis rapidoque volans obit omnia curru, iamque hie germanum iamque hie ostentat ovantem, nee conferre manum patitur, volat avia longe. hand minus Aeneas tortos legit obvius orbes 20 vestigatque virum et disiecta per agmina magna voce vocat. quotiens oculos coniecit in hostem 6. lustrans, searcAmgr. 1. viT^.go, man-like. 8. lora,rem5. 9. te- mone, pole, tongue. 10. undantis, flowing. 13. hirundo, swallow. 14. nidis, nest, young. 14. escas, food. 16. stagna, i.e. the implu- vium. 18. ovantem, triumphant. 20. tortos, winding. 437-631.] THE STORY OF TURNUS. 57 alipediimque fugam cursii temptavit equorum, aversos totiens currus Iiiturna retorsit. heu, quid agat ? vario nequiqiiam fluctuat aestu diversaeque vocant animum in contraria curae. Aeneas and Turnus, thus kept apart, fight in different parts of the field. At last Aeneas attacks the city of the Latins. In the face of this new disaster the Latins are horror-stricken to learn that the queen Amata has committed suicide, xii. 488-613. Turnus, having discovered his charioteer to he his sister Juturna, reproaches her for restraining him, xii. 614-649. Interea extreme bellator in aequore Turnus ' 5 palantis sequitur paucos iam segnior atque iam minus atque minus successu laetus equorum. attulit hue illi caecis terroribus aura commixtum clamorem arrectasque impulit auris confusae sonus urbis et inlaetabile murmur. 10 * Ei mihi ! quid tanto turbantur moenia luctu ? quisve ruit tantus diversa clamor ab urbe ? ' sic ait adductisque amens subsistit habenis. atque huic, in faciem soror ut conversa Metisci aurigae currumque et equos et lora regebat, 15 talibus occurrit dictis : * Hac, Turne, sequamur Troiugenas, qua prima viam victoria pandit : sunt alii, qui tecta manu defendere possint. ingi-uit Aeneas Italis et proelia miscet : et nos saeva manu mittamus funera Teucris. 20 nee numero inferior, pugnae nee honore recedes/ Turnus ad haec : 1. alipcdum, loing-footed. 6. palantis, stragglers. 10. inlaeta- bile, joy/ess. 19. iufpnjal, falls upon. 21. recedes, to if^dra to. 58 VERGILI AENEIS. [Book XII. ^ soror, et dudum agnovi, cum prima per artem foedera turbasti teque haec in bella dedisti, et nunc nequiquam fallis dea. sed quis Olympo demissam tantos voluit te ferre labores ? an fratris niiseri letum ut crudele videres ? 5 nam quid ago ? aut quae iam spondet Fortuna salutem ? vidi oculos ante ipse meos me voce vocantem . Murranum, quo non superat mihi carior alter, oppetere ingentem atque ingenti vulnere victum. occidit infelix, ne nostrum dedecus Ufens 10 aspiceret ; Teucri potiuntur corpore et armis. exscindine domos (id rebus defuit umim), perpetiar, dextra nee Drancis dicta refellam ? terga dabo et Turnum fugientem haec terra videbit ? usque adeone mori miserum est ? vos o mihi manes 15 este boni, quoniam superis adversa voluntas, sancta ad vos anima atque istius inscia culpae descendam, magnorum baud umquam indignus avorum.' A messenger bids Turnus come to the defence of the city, xii. 650-675. Yix ea fatus erat, medios volat ecce per hostis vectus equo spumante Saces, adversa sagitta 20 saucius ora, ruitque implorans nomine Turnum : ' Turne, in te suprema salus ; miserere tuorum. fulminat Aeneas armis summasque minatur deiecturum arces Italum excidioque daturum, iamque faces ad tecta volant, in te ora Latini, 25 in te oculos ref erunt ; mussat rex ipse Latinus, 8. Murranum, slain by Aeneas. 9. oppetere, perish. 10. Ufens, a Latin leader. 12. exscindi, to be destroyed. 13. perpetiar, permit. 20. Bpumajite, foaming. 26. mussat, is in doubt. 632-682.] THE STORY OF TURNUS. 59 quos generos vocet aut quae sese ad foedera flectat. praeterea regina, tiii lidissima, dextra occidit ipsa sua lucemque exterrita fugit. soli pro portis Messapus et acer Atinas sustentant acies. circum hos utrimque phalanges 6 stant densae strictisque seges mucronibus horret ferrea : tu currum deserto in gramine versas.' obstipuit varia confusus imagine rerum Turnus et obtutu tacito stetit ; aestuat ingens uno in corde pudor mixtoque insania luctu 10 et furiis agitatus amor et conscia virtus. ut primum discussae umbrae et lux reddita menti, ardentis oculorum orbis ad moenia torsit turbidus eque rotis magnam respexit ad urbem. ecce autem flammis inter tabulata volutus 15 ad caelum undabat vertex turrimque tenebat, turrim, compactis trabibus quam eduxerat ipse subdideratque rotas pontisque instraverat altos. Turnus leaps from his chariot and rushes to the city, xii. 676-696. * lam iam fata, soror, superant : absiste morari ; quo deus et quo dura vocat Fortuna, sequamur. 20 stat conferre manum Aeneae, stat, quidquid acerbi est, morte pati ; neque me indecorem, germana, videbis amplius. hunc, oro, sine me furere ante furorem.' dixit et e curru saltum dedit ocius arvis perque hostis, per tela ruit maestamque sororem 25 6. seges . . . horret ferrea, the iron line bristles. 9. obtutn, con- templation. 12. discussae, dispelled. 14. eque, and from. 15. tabu- lata, floo7's. 15. flammis . . . volutus . . . vertex, whirling coil of flame. 18. subdideratque rotas, pat the wheels under. 21. stat, it is time. 60 VERGILI AENEIS. [Book XII. deserit ac rapido cursu media agmina rum pit. ac veluti montis saxum de vertice praeceps cum ruit, avolsum vento, seu turbidus imber proluit aut ami is solvit sublapsa vetustas ; fertur in abruptum magno mons improbus actu 5 exsultatque solo, silvas, armenta virosque involvens secum : disiecta per agmina Turnus sic urbis ruit ad muros, ubi plurima fuso sanguine terra madet striduntque hastilibus aurae, signiiicatque manu et magno simul incipit ore : 10 ' Parcite iam, Rutuli, et vos tela inbibete, Latini : quaecumque est Fortuna, mea est ; me verius unum pro vobis foedus lucre et decernere ferro/ discessere omnes medii spatiumque dedere. Turnus and Aeneas Jight, and^ his sword failing him, Turnus flees, XII. 697-745. At pater Aeneas audito nomine Tumi 15 deserit et muros et summas deserit arces praecipitatque moras omnis, opera omnia rumpit, laetitia exsultans, horrendumque intonat armis, quantus Athos aut quantus Eryx aut ipse, coruscis cum fremit ilicibus, quantus, gaudetque nivali 20 vertice se attollens pater Appenninus ad auras, iam vero et Rutuli certatim et Troes et omnes convertere oculos Itali, quique alta tenebant moenia quique imos pulsabant ariete muros, armaque deposuere umeris. stupet ipse Latinus 25 3. avolsum, torn up. 4. proluit, washed up. 4. annis . . . sub- lapsa vetustas, time in the coui^se of years. 9. madet, is wet. 12. verius, better. 20. ilicibus, oaks. 24. ariete, hatteinng-rayn. 683-734.] THE STORY OF TURNUS. 61 ingentis, geiiitos diversis partibus orbis, inter se coiisse viros et cernere ferro. atque illi, ut vacuo patuerunt aequore campi, procursu rapido, coniectis eminus hastis, invadunt Martera clipeis atque aere sonoro. 6 dat gemitum tellus; turn crebros ensibus ictus congeminant ; f ors et virtus miscentur in unum. ac velut ingenti Sila summove Taburno cum duo conversis inimica in proelia tauri frontibus incurrunt; pavidi cessere magistri; 10 stat pecus omne metu mutum nmssantque iuvencae, quis nemori imperitet, quern tota armenta sequantur • illi inter sese multa vi vulnera miscent cornuaque obaixi infigunt et sanguine largo colla armosque lavant ; geniitu nemus omne remugit : 15 non aliter Tros Aeneas et Daunius heros concurrunt clipeis ; ingens f ragor aethera complet. luppiter ipse duas aequato examine lances, sustinet et fata iraponit diversa duorum, quem damnet labor et quo vergat pondere letum. 20 emicat hie, impune putans, et corpore toto alte sublatum consurgit Turnus in ensem et ferit : exclamant Troes trepidique Latini, arrectaeque amborum acies : at perfidus en sis frangitur in medioque ardentem deserit ictu, 25 ni fuga subsidio subeat. fugit ocior Euro, ut capulum ignotum dextramque aspexit inermem. 1. genitos, born. 2. viros, heroes. 4. eminus, /rom a distance. 7. congeminant, redouble. 8. Sila, a forest in southern Italy. 8. Ta- burno, a mountain in Samnium. 10. magistri, keepers. 14, obnizi, struggling. ir>. &Tmos,. shoulders. 18. exa.mine, tongue of a balance. 18. lances, balance. 20. yergaX, falls. 22. alte sublatum, lifted aloft. 24. arrectae, expectant. 26. Euro, witid. 27. capulum, hilt. 62 VERGILI AENEIS. [Book XII. fama est, praecipitem, cum prima in proelia iunctos conscendebat equos, patrio mucrone relicto, dum trepidat, ferrum aurigae rapuisse Metisci : idque diu, dum terga dabant palantia Teucri, suffecit ; postquam arma dei ad Volcania ventum est, 5 mortalis mucro, glacies ceu futtilis, ictu dissiluit, fulva resplendent fragmina harena. ergo amens diversa fuga petit aequora Turnus et nunc hue, inde hue incertos implicat orbes ; undique enim densa Teucri inclusere corona 10 atque hinc vasta palus, hinc ardua moenia cingunt. Aeneas pursues. Juturna and Venus aid their favorites, xir. 746- 790. Nee minus Aeneas, quamquam tardante sagitta interdum genua impediunt cursumque recusant, insequitur trepidique pedem pede fervidus urget, inclusum veluti si quando flumine nactus 15 cervum aut puniceae saeptum formidine pinnae venator cursu canis et latratibus instat; ille autem, insidiis et ripa territus alta, mille fugit refugitque vias ; at vividus Umber haeret hians, iam iamque tenet similisque tenenti 20 increpuit malis morsuque elusus inani est. tum vero exoritur clamor, ripaeque lacusque responsant circa et caelum tonat omne tumultu. 1. praecipitem, hastily. 6. glacies . . . futtilis, brittle ice. 11. pa- lus, marsh. 12. tardante, delaying. 13. genua, knees. 15. nactus, finding. 16. cervum, stag. 16. puniceae . . . pinnae, purple feathers erected as a scare by huntsmen. 17. latratibus, &arA:ing'. 19. Umber, an Umbrian dog. 20. haeret hians, pursues with open mouth. 21. increpuit malis, snaps at it. 21. morsu, bite, hold. 735-780.] THE STORY OF TURNUS. 63 ille simul fugiens Rutulos simiil increpat omnis, nomine quemque vocans, notumque efflagitat ensem. Aeneas mortem contra praesensque minatur exitium, si quisquam adeat, terretque trementis, excisurura urbem minitans, et saucius instat. 5 quinque orbis explent cursu totidemque retexunt hue illuc ; neque enim levia aut ludicra petuntur praemia, sed Turni de vita et sanguine certant. forte sacer Fauno foliis oleaster amaris hie steterat, nautis olim venerabile lignum, 10 servati ex undis ubi figere dona solebant Laurenti divo et votas suspendere vestes ; sed stirpem Teucri nullo discrimine sacrum sustulerant, puro ut possent concurrere campo. hie hasta Aeneae stabat, hue impetus illam 15 detulerat, fixam et lenta radice tenebat. incubuit voluitque manu convellere ferrum Dardanides teloque sequi, quern prendere cursu non poterat. turn vero amens formidine Turnus ' Faune, precor, miserere ' inquit, ^ tuque optima ferrum 20 Terra tene, colui vestros si semper honores, quos contra Aeneadae bello fecere profanos/ dixit opemque dei non cassa in vota vocavit. namque diu luctans lentoque in stirpe moratus viribus hand ullis valuit discludere morsus 26 roboris Aeneas, dum nititur acer et instat, rursus in aurigae faciem mutata Metisci procurrit fratrique ensem dea Daunia reddit. quod Venus audaci nymphae indignata licere 2. efflagitat, calls for. 9. oleaster, olive tree. IG. lenta, tena- cious, pliant. 21. colui, kept, ref/arded. 23. C&BB&, vain. 29. quod, whereupon. 29. licere, the inf. depends on indignata. 64 VERGILI AENEIS. [Book XII. aecessit telumque alta ab radice revellit. olli sublimes, armis animisque refecti, hie gladio fidens, hie acer et arduus hasta, adsistunt contra certamina Martis anheli. Jupiter compels Juno to recall Juturna from any further participa- tion in the contest xii. 791-886. The fight is renewed and Turnus is slain, xii. 887-952. Aeneas instat contra telumque coruscat 5 ingens arboreum et saevo sic pectore f atur : ' Quae nunc deinde mora est ? aut quid iam, Turne, retrac- tas? non cursu, saevis certandum est comminus armis. verte bmnis tete in facies et contrahe, quidquid sive animis sive arte vales ; opta ardua pinnis 10 astra sequi clausumque cava te condere terra.' ille caput quassans ' Non me tua f ervida terrent dicta, ferox : di me terrent et luppiter hostis.' nee plura effatus saxum circumspicit ingens, saxum antiquum, ingens, campo quod forte iacebat, 15 limes agro positus, litem ut discerneret arvis ; vix illud lecti bis sex cervice subirent, qualia nunc hominum producit corpora tellus : ille manu raptum trepida torquebat in hostem, altior insurgens et cursu concitus heros. 20 sed neque currentem se nee cognoscit euntem tollentemve manu saxumque immane moventem ; genua labant, gelidus concrevit f rigore sanguis. 4. anheli, panting. 16. limes, boundary mark. 16. litem, dis- pute. 20. cursu concitus, swlfthj running. 21. se . . . cognoscit, recognize himself, i.e. his former self. 787-933.] THE STORY OF TURNUS. 65 turn lapis ipse viri, vacuum per inane volutus, nee spatium evasit totum neque pertulit ictum. ac velut in somnis, oculos ubi languida pressit nocte quies, nequiquam avidos extendere cursus velle videmur et in mediis conatibus aegri 5 succidimus (non lingua valet, non corpore notae sufficiunt vires nee vox aut verba sequuntur), sic Turno, quacumque viam virtute petivit, successum dea dira negat. turn pectore sensus vertuntnr varii : Eutulos aspectat et urbem lo cunctaturque metu telumque instare tremescit n^c, quo se eripiat, nee, qua vi tendat in hostem, nee currus usquara videt aurigamque sororem. cunctanti telum Aeneas fatale coruscat, sortitus fortunam oculis, et corpore toto 16 eminus intorquet. murali concita numquam tormento sic saxa fremunt, nee fulmine tanti dissultant crepitus, volat atri turbinis instar exitium dirum hasta ferens orasque recludit loricae et elipei extremos septeraplicis orbes. 20 per medium stridens transit femur, incidit ictus ingens ad terram duplicato poplite Turnus. consurgunt gemitu Rutuli totusque remugit mons eircum et vocem late nemora alta remittunt. ille humilis supplexque oculos dextramque precantem 25 protendens * Equidera merui, nee deprecor ' inquit : * utere sorte tua. miseri te si qua parentis tangere cura potest, oro (fuit et tibi talis 1. vacuum per inane, through empty space. 2. evasit, covered. 5. conatibus, attempts. 11. telum, subject of in.^tare. 1.5. sortitus fortunam oculis, taking fortunate aim. 17. tormento, engine. 18. crepitus, crashing. 18. instar, like. 22. poplite, knee. 66 VERGILI AENEIS. [Book XII. 934-952. Ancliises genitor), Dauni miserere senectae et me, seu corpus spoliatum lumine mavis, redde meis. vicisti et victum tendere palmas Ausonii videre 5 tua est Lavinia coniunx : ulterius ne tende odiis.' stetit acer in armis 5 Aeneas, volveris oculos, dextramque repressit ; et iam iamque magis cunctantem flectere sermo coeperat, infelix umero cum apparuit alto balteus et notis fulserunt cingula bullis Pallantis pueri, victum quem vulnere Turnus 10 straverat atque umeris inimicum insigne gerebat. ille, oculis postquam saevi monumenta doloris exuviasque hausit, furiis accensus et ira terribilis ' Tune hinc spoliis indute meorum eripiare mihi ? Pallas te hoc vulnere, Pallas 15 immolat et poenam scelerato ex sanguine sumit.' hoc dicens ferrum adverse sub pectore condit fervidus. ast illi solvuntur frigore membra vitaque cum gemitu fugit indignata sub umbras. 9. cingula, girdle. 9. bullis, studs. 13. exuvias, spoils. Announcement. THE STUDENTS' SERIES OF LATIN CLASSICS. UNDKK THE KDITOKIAL SUPERVISION OF ERNEST MONDELL PEASE, A.M., Leland Stanford J%mior University^ AKD HARRY THURSTON PECK, Ph.D., L.H.D., Columbia College. This Series will contain the Latin authors usually read in Ameri- can schools and colleges, and also others well adapted to class-room use, but not as yet published in suitable editions. The several volumes will be prepared by special editors, who will aim to revise the text carefully and to edit it in the most serviceable manner. Where there are German editions of unusual merit, representing years of special study under the most favorable circumstances, these will be used, with the consent of the foreign editor, as a basis for the American edition. In this way it will be possible to bring out text- books of the highest excellence in a comparatively short period of time. The editions will be of two kinds, conforming to the different methods of studying Latin in our best institutions. Some will contain in the introductions and commentary such a careful and minute treatment of the author's life, language, and style as to afford the means for a thorough appreciation of the author and his place in Latin literature. Others will aim merely to assist the student to a good reading knowledge of the author, and will have only the text and brief explanatory notes at the bottom of each page. The latter will be particularly acceptable for sight reading, and for rapid reading after the minute study of an author or period in one of the fuller editions. For instance, after a class has read a play or two of Plautus and Terence carefully, with special refer- ence to the peculiarities of style, language, metres, the methods of presenting a play, and the like, these editions will be admirably suited for the rapid reading^f other plays. The Series will also contain various supplementary works pre- pared by competent scholars. Every effort will be made to give the books a neat and attractive appearance. 1 The following volumes are now ready or in preparation : — CAESAR, Gallic War, Books I-V. By Harold W. Johnston, Ph.D., Professor in the Indiana University. CATULLUS, Selections, based upon the edition of Riese. By Thomas B. Lindsay, Ph.D., Professor in Boston University. CICERO, Select Orations. By B. L. D'Ooge, A.M., Professor in the State Normal School, Ypsilanti, Mich. CICERO, De Senectute et de Amicitia. By Charles E. Bennett, A.M., Professor in the Cornell University. CICERO, Tusculan Disputations, Books I and 11. By Professor Peck. CICERO, De Oratore, Book I, based upon the edition of Sorof. By W. B. Owen, Ph.D., Professor in Lafayette College. Ready. CICERO, Select Letters, based in part upon the edition of Siipfle- Bockel. By Professor Pease. EUTROPIUS, Selections. By Victor S Clark, Lit.B., New Ulm High School, Minn. 6ELLIUS, Selections. By Professor Peck. HORACE, Odes and Epodes. By Paul Shorey, Ph.D., Professor in the Chicago University. Nearbj Ready. HORACE, Satires and Epistles, based upon the edition of Kiessling. By James H. Kirkland, Ph.D., Professor in Vanderbilt Uni- versity. Ready. LIVy, Books XXI and XXII, based upon the edition of Wolfflin. By John K. Lord, Ph.D., Professor in Dartmouth College. Ready. LIVY, Book I, for rapid reading. By Professor Lord. LUCRETIUS, De Rerum Natura, Book III. By W. A. Merrill, Ph.D., Professor in the University of California. MARTIAL, Selections. By Charles Knapp, Ph.D., Professor ip Barnard College. NEPOS, for rapid reading. By Isaac Flago, Ph.D., Professor in the University of California. Ready. NEPOS, Selections. By J. C. Jones, A.M., Professor in the University of Missouri. OVID, Selections from the Metamorphoses, based upon the edition of Meuser-Egcn. By B. L. Wiggins, A.M., Professor in the Univer- sity of the South. OVID, Selections, for rapid reading. By A. L. Bondukant, A.M., Professor in tlie University of Mississippi. FETBONIUS, Cena Trimalchionis, based upon the edition of Bucheler. By W. E. AVaters, Pli.D., President of Wells College. PLAUTTJS, Captivi, for rapid reading. By Grove E. Barbrr, A.M., Professor in the University of Nebraska. PLAUTTJS, Menaechmi, based upon the edition of Brix. By Harold N. Fowler, Ph.D., Professor in the Western Reserve Univer- sity. Ready. PUNY, Select Letters, for rapid reading. By Samuel Ball Plat- NKR, Ph.D., Professor in the Western Reserve University. Ready. QmNTILLAN, Book X and Selections from Book XII, based upon the edition of Kriiger. By Carl W. Belser, Ph.D., Professor in the University of Colorado. SALLTJST, Catiline, based upon the edition of Schmalz. By Charles G. Herbermann, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor in the College of the City of New York. Ready. SENECA, Select Letters. By E. C. Winslow, A.M. TACITUS, Annals, Book I and Selections from Book II, based upon the edition of Nipperdey-Audresen. By E. M. Hyde, Ph.D., Pro- fessor in Lehigh University. TACITUS, Annals, Book XV. By J. Everett Brady, Ph.D., Pro- fessor in Smith College. TACITUS, Agricola and Germania, based upon the editions of Schwei- zer-Si(iler and Drager. By A. G. Hopkins, Ph.D., Professor in Hamilton College. Ready, TACITUS, Histories, Book I and Selections from Books II -V, based upon the edition of Wolff. By Edward H. Spiekkr, Ph.D., Pro- fessor in the Johns Hopkins University. TEBENCE, Adelphoe, for rapid reading. By Willla.m L. Cowles, A.M., Professor in Amherst College. Ready, TERENCE, Phormio, based upon the edition of Dziatzko. By Her- bert C. Elmer, Ph.D., Assistant Professor in the Cornell Uni- versity. Ready. TIBULLUS AND PBOPEBTIUS, Selections, based upon the edition of Jacoby. By Henry F. Burton, A.M., Professor in the University of Rochester. VALERIUS MAXIMUS, Fifty Selections, for rapid reading. By Charles S. Smith, A.M., College of New Jersey. Ready. 3 VELLEITTS PATERCULUS, Historia Romana, Book II. By F. E. RocKWOOD, A.M., Professor in Buckuell Uuiversity. Ready. VERGIL, Books I-VI. By E. Antoinette Ely, A.M., Hampton College, and S. Frances Pellett, A.M., Binghamton High School, N.Y. VERGIL, The Story of Turnus from Aen. VII-XII, for rapid reading. By Moses Slaughter, Ph.D., Professor in Iowa College. VIRI ROMAE, Selections. By G. M. Whicher, A.M., Packer Col- legiate Institute. LATIN COMPOSITION, for college use. By Walter Miller, A.M., Professor in the Leland Stanford Jr. University. Ready. LATIN COMPOSITION, for advanced classes. By H. R. Fairclough. A.M., Professor in the Leland Stanford Jr. University. HAND-BOOK OF LATIN SYNONYMS. By Mr. Miller. A FIRST BOOK IN LATIN. By Hiram Tuell, A.M., Principal of the Milton High School, Mass., and Harold N. Fowler, Ph.D., Western Reserve University. Ready. EXERCISES IN LATIN COMPOSITION, for schools. By M. Grant Daniell, A.m., Principal of Chauncy-Hall School, Boston. Ready. THE PRIVATE LIFE OF THE ROMANS, a manual for the use of schools and colleges. By Harriet Waters Preston and Louise Dodge. Ready. GREEK AND ROMAN MYTHOLOGY, based on the recent work of Steuding. By Karl P. Harrington, A.M., Professor in the Uni- versity of North Carolina, and Herbert C. Tolman, Ph.D., Pro- fessor in Vanderbilt University. ATLAS ANTIQUTTS, twelve maps of the ancient w^orld, for schools and colleges. By Dr. Henry Kiepert, M.R. Acad. Berlin. Ready. Tentative arrangements have been made for other books not ready to be announced. LEACH, SHEWELL, & SANBORN, Boston, New York, and Chicago. 4t 14 DAY USE RETUKN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED LOAN DEPT. This book is due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. sOct'scvn fiftv^t^ ^m^o Ln ^^0V6 mm inHn'fi^lO 19)21" ''w* m --^i-a ''"ITIS,, (An24slO)476B Berkeley