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THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
HENRY CABOT LODGE, PkD,LL.D. EDITOR-IN CHIEF
GENERAL INDEX
Edited by
J.ELLIS BURDICK
Vol
ume xxv.
The H .W. Snow and Son Company
C h i c a <3 o
Copyright, 1907, by
JOHN D. MORRIS & COMPANY
Copyright, 1910
THE H. W. SNOW & SON COMPANY
PREFACE
Man may not live as long in years nowadays as he did in olden times,
but he lives more. Machines must do more work and with less
of human direction than ever before. The traveler must go on an
express; he cannot bear the delays of the local. The popularity of
Dickens has waned because of his verbosity ; a novel to be interesting
to the busy man of to-day must be terse. When he buys ah en-
cyclopaedia we are speaking of the average man and not of the stu-
dent he does not invest in an old fashioned one with its dry dis-
cussions, however authoritative it may be, but in one of the modern
works with its concise information. The reference work that is com-
plete in itself, that has everything just where the user expects to find
it, is the one demanded now.
To make such a practical reference book has been the object of the
editor and the publishers in preparing this General Index Volume.
We have also had in view the important object that of rounding
out, uniting, and enhancing the value of volumes one to twenty-
four of " The History of Nations." The fact that each nation or epoch
is treated by a recognized authority on that subject makes each par-
ticular volume of unquestioned value, equipped as it is with its own
index, but the value of the work as a whole becomes incalculable
with the crowning addition of a General Index. For who can
decide whether he will find the best account of the " Battle of
Issus " in volume one Ancient Empires, or in volume two
Greece, or in volume five India and Persia ? And it is also quite
possible that a reader will forget that he is sure to find an account
of the explorations of the French in America in the volume on
Colonies of the World as well as in the History of the United States.
The important convenience of the index in each volume is therefore
admirably supplemented by this encyclopaedic General Index.
In the first section of this volume is the General Index. All
the entries contained in the various volume indexes are compiled
here but wherever there are references to the same event in two or
more volumes they are combined. The references to persons are
PREFACE
given an encyclopaedic value by the inclusion of birth and death
dates and by such designations as British statesmen, German sol-
diers, American naval officers, French heroines, etc. ; by defining
treaties, edicts, and laws; and by defining and giving the causes,
principal events, and results of wars.
In addition to the main entries, there are about 300 biographies
of noted persons, each in its alphabetical place, about one hundred
special topics, such as Agriculture, Archaeology, Architecture, Bat-
tles and Sieges, Political Parties, and Religion, thus enabling one
who is desirous of studying any of these subjects to find quickly
all the references ; then there are about 2500 cross-references. Many
of these cross-references are such as are necessitated by variation
in spelling among authorities, but more are sobriquets such as " Cor-
poral, The Little: see Napoleon (I) Bonaparte "; under " Napoleon "
will be found not only the sobriquet quoted but also ten other well-
known ones.
Part II is a General World Chronology and here the reader can
fix in memory the great events and crises of world history. This
section is designated to be used in connection with the General Index
and the various volumes, thus enabling the student to acquire a
knowledge of history in its broadest aspects.
The third section is something never before included in an index
to any historical work and yet there has been a need for a long time
for just such a classified and chronologically arranged Bibliography
of Historical Novels. Please see the Introduction on page 819.
Sections four and five are of obvious importance, being respectively
an Index of the Authors and Titles quoted in the twenty-five volumes,
and an Index of the Artists, Illustrations, and Maps in volumes one
to twenty-four. Artists or authors as the case may be are printed
in bold type and their works in ordinary type.
Philadelphia, Penna.
CONTENTS
GENERAL INDEX I
WORLD CHRONOLOGY 787
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF HISTORIAL NOVELS 817
Egypt 821
Babylonia and Assyria 821
Persia 822
Arabia 822
Israel 822
Greece 824
Rome, Roman Empire, and Italy 825
India 830
Japan 832
Spain and Portugal 833
France 834
England 844
Wales 868
Ireland 868
Scotland 871
The Netherlands 875
Switzerland 877
Russia 877
Poland 878
Turkey 879
Scandinavia 880
Austria-Hungary 881
Germany 882
Africa 885
Canada 886
Australia and New Zealand 888
South America 888
Mexico and Central America 889
West Indies 889
Discovery of America 890
The United States 890
INDEX OF AUTHORS AND TITLES .901
INDEX OF ARTISTS, ILLUSTRATIONS, AND MAPS . . 1055
GENERAL INDEX
GENERAL INDEX
TO
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Aachen: see Aix-la-Chapelle
Aagard, Denmark: defeat of rebels
at (1446). 16, 130
Aagesen (Aageson), Svend, Scandi-
navian writer (12th century): com-
piles a history of Denmark, 16, 7
Aahmes (Amasis) I, King of Egypt,
ca. 1700 B. C: reign of, 1, 21
Aahmes (Amasis) II, King of Egypt,
570-526 B. C: reign of, 1, 32
Aali (Ali) Pasha (1815-1871), Grand
Vizier of Turkey: services of, 14,
439. 442; recommends the Pact of
Halippa, 467; death of, 473
Aarau, Diet of (1797), 13, 509
Aarau, Peace of (1712), a treaty con-
cluded between the Protestant and
Catholic states of Switzerland, 13,
480
Aaron: see Harun
Aaron, Saint (died ca. 300 A. D.):
martyred, 11, 14
Aarsens (Aarssens), Cornelius van,
father of succeeding: Spanish at-
tempt to bribe, 13, 186
Aarsens, Francis van (1 572-1641),
Dutch diplomatist and politician:
plots destruction of Barneveldt, 13,
196
Aasa, daughter of Ingjald Illraada:
death of, 16, 36
Aasund on the Aase Sound, Denmark:
battle of (1520), 16, 141, 148
Abascal y Sousa, Jos6 Fernando,
Marques de la Concordia (1743-
1821), Spanish general and states-
man: honored, 11, 228
Abaza (d. 1634), Turkish governor of
Merasch: revolt of, 14, 214; submis-
sion of, 220
Abazuza, Spain: battle of (1873), 8,
514
Abba Garima, Abyssinia: battle of
(1896), 19, 248
Abbas (I) the Great (1 557-1628), Shah
of Persia, 1586-1628: reign of, 5, 343
Abbas II (1632-1666), Shah of Persia,
1642-1666: reign of, 5, 347
Abbas III (d. 1736), Shah of Persia,
1733-1736: reign of, 5. 35i
Abbas I (d. 1854), Ruler of Egypt,
1848-1854: reign of, I, 38
Abbas (II) Hilmi (b. 1874), Khedive
of Egypt, 1892 : accession of, I,
40; reign of, 19, 273
Abbas (566-652 A. D.) uncle of Mo-
hammed: at the battle of Honain, 1,
232; granted a pension, 257
Abbas Mirza (ca. 1783-1833), Persian
prince: his campaign against the
Georgians, 5, 358; his campaign
against the Russians, 5, 359,. 15, 283
Abbasid (Abbasside) Dynasty, caliphs
of Bagdad, 750-1258: rise of, 1, 339;
condition of Persia under, 5, 326
Abbeville, Treaty of (1259), a treaty
concluded between Henry III of
England and Louis IX of France,
9. 83
Abbott, James (1807-1896), Anglo-
4
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Indian statesman: associated with
the Lawrences in India, 5, 223
Abbott, Josiah G., American poli-
tician: member of the Electoral
Commission (1876), 24, 913 note
Abdalkerim (9th century), Moorish
general: campaign against Alfonso
the Chaste, 8, 73
Abdalla ben Abdelmelic (8th cen-
tury), Moorish general: his cam-
paign against the Gauls, 8, 72
Abdalla ben Abderalman (8th cen-
tury), Moorish prince: revolts
against Alhakena, 8, 72; revolts
against Abderahman II, 73
Abdalla ben Balkin (nth century),
King of Granada: dethroned, 8, 89
Abdalla ben Humusgui (12th cen-
tury), Moorish military officer: de-
feats the Almohades, 8, 95
Abdalla ben Malchi (9th century),
Moorish general: his campaign
against Alfonso the Chaste, 8, 73
Abdalla ben Mohammed (d. 912 A.
D.), Caliph of Cordova, 888-912 A.
D.: reign of, 8, 75
Abdalla ben Mohammed el Zagal,
King of Granada, 1483-1491: reign
of, 8, 121
Abdalla or Abdallah: see also Abdul-
lah
Abdallah (8th century) uncle of Saf-
fah: defeats the Caliph Merwan,
. 341
Abdallah Abu Mohammed, surnamed
Aladel (d. 1225), Mohammedan
ruler: reign of, 8, 102
Abdallah ben Jaafer (7th century),
Mohammedan general: at the battle
of Abyla, 1, 277
Abdallah ben Musa (8th century),
Arabian general: succeeds his
father, 1, 318
Abdallah ben Said (7th century),
Arabian general: attempts the con-
quest of Africa, 1, 300
Abdallah ben Zobeir (7th century),
Arabian general: bis campaigns in
Africa, 1, 306
Abdalmalek (Abd-el-Malek, Abd-el-
Malik, Abdelmelic or Abdul-Malik),
Caliph of the East, 685-705 A. D.:
plans conquest of Africa, 1, 306;
reign of, 329
Abdalmalek: see also Abdelmelic
Abd al Mumin: see Abdelmumen
Abd al Muttalib (Abd el Mottalib or
Abdul Muttalib) (d. 578 A. D.),
grandfather of Mohammed the
Prophet: sketch of, 1, 205
Abd ar-Rahman: see Abderahman
Abdelasis: see Abdul- Aziz
Abdel Kader (Abd-el-Kader or Abdul
Kadir) (1807-1883), Arab chief: ac-
count of, 14, 466
Abdelbar (15th century), hagib of
Granada: revolt of, 8, 119
Abd-el-Malek or Abd-el-Malik: see
Abdalmalek
Abdelmelic (Abdalmalek, Abd-el-
Malek, Abd-el-Malik, or Abdul-
Malik) (8th century), governor of
Seville: crushes rebellion of Yussuf,
8, 69
Abdelmelic (Abdalmalek, Abd-el-
Malek, Abd-el-Malik, or Abdul-
Malik) ben Cotan (Khotan), Emir
of Cordova, 733-736 A. D.: reign of,
8, 65
Abdelmelic ben Giafar, surnamed
Amad Dola (12th century), King
of Granada: reign of, 8, 91
Abdelmelic ben Mohammed (d. 1006),
Moorish statesman: made regent of
Cordova, 8, 79
Abd el Motlalib: see Abd al Mutlalib
Abdelmumen (Abdul Mumin or Abd
al Mumin) (1101-1163), Caliph of
Morocco, 1130-1163: reign of, 8, 95
Abdera, in ancient geography, a city
of Thrace: founded, 2, 82
Abderahman (Abdar-Rahman, Abdul-
Rahman, Abd er-Rahman, Abd al-
Rahman or Abdurrahanan) (I) ben
Moawiyah (731-788 A. D.). Caliph
of Cordova 756-788 A. D.: founds
dynasty of Omayyads in Spain, 1,
342; his conquests in Catalonia, 8,
219; death of, 1, 338
Abderahman (II) ben Alhakem,
Caliph of Cordova, 821-852 A. D.:
reign of, 8, 73
Abderahman (III) ben Mohammed
(891-961 A. D.), Caliph of Cordova,
GENERAL INDEX
912-961 A. D.: reign- of, I, 343, 8,
76; campaign against Ordofio II of
Leon, 8, 135; invades Navarre (921
A. D.), 198
Abderahman (IV) Almortadi, Caliph
of Cordova, 1018-1023: proclaimed
king, 8, 81
Abderahman (V) ben Hixem (His-
ham), Caliph of Cordova, 1023:
reign of, 8, 81
Abderahman ben Abdalla, Emir of
Cordova, 722-724 and 729-731, some-
times called Caliph of Cordova:
made emir, 8, 63; at war with the
Franks, 1, 335. 8, 64, 9, 37, 18, 73
Abderahman ben Abdalla, surnamed
Almudafar (ca. 900 A. D.), Moorish
prince: crushes rebellion of his
brothers, 8, 76
Abderahman ben Mohammed (ca.
1000 A. D.), Moorish general: made
hagib of Cordova, 8, 79
Abderahman ben Ocba (8th century),
Emir of Cordova: at siege of Cor-
dova, 8, 66; at battle of Calatrava,
66; made Caliph of Cordova, 8, 67
Abdicated Monarchs:
A. D.
305. Diocletian and Maximian, 3
526, 4. ii5, 9, 13
855. Lothar I, Holy Roman Em-
peror, 18, 95
ca. 877. Seiwa, Emperor of Japan,
7. 46
910. Alfonso (III) the Great, King
of Asturias and Leon, 8, 134
1031, Hixem III, Caliph of Cordova,
8, 83
1 106. Henry IV, Holy Roman Em-
peror, 18, 137
1 142. Sutoku, Emperor of Japan,
7, 56
1173. Vladislav II, King of Bo-
hemia, 17, 67
1 180. Takakura, Emperor of Japan,
7, 59
ca. 1219. Juntoku, Emperor of Ja-
pan, 7, 71
ca. 1219. Tsuchimikado, Emperor
of Japan, 7, 71
ca. 1222. Gotoba, Emperor of Ja-
pan, 7, 72
1246. Gosaga, Emperor of Japan,
7, 83
1302. Mohammed (III) Abu Ab-
dalla, 8, in
1313. Nassir ben Ferag, King of
Granada, 8, in
1319. Hanazono, Emperor of Ja-
pan, 7, 83
1399. Richard II, King of Eng-
land, 11, 186
1444. Murad (Amurath) II, Sultan
of Turkey, 14, 64
1445. Murad (Amurath) II, Sultan
of Turkey, 14, 68
1495. Alfonso II, King of Naples,
8, 269
1512. Bayezid II, Sultan of Turkey,
14, "7
1527. Gustavus (I) Vasa, King
of Sweden, 16, 158
1 554-1 556. Charles V, Holy Ro-
man Emperor, 4, 307, 8, 351, 9,
147. 13, 59. 18, 259, 33, 118
1598. Philip II, King of Spain, 8,
363
1601. Sigismund Batory, King of
Poland, 17, 223
1654. Christina, Queen of Sweden,
16, 206
1659. Richard Cromwell, II, 373
1668. Alfonso VI, King of Portu-
gal, 8, 468
1688. James II, King of England
(by flight), 11, 431, . U2, 359.
23, 157
1707. Sigismund (II) Augustus,
King of Poland, 15, 46, 65, 16, 219
1724. Philip V, King of Spain, 8,
408, 23, 191
1762. Peter III, Emperor of Rus-
sia, 15. 157
1796. Ch'ienlung, Emperor of
China, 6, 115
1802. Charles Emmanuel II, King
of Sardinia, 9, 307
1806. Francis II, Holy Roman
Emperor, 9, 327, 17. 204
1807. Charles III, King of Spain,
and Ferdinand, heir apparent, 8,
527
1808. Charles IV, King of Spain,
8, 487. 9, 332, 10, 475. ". 230
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
1809. Gustavus (IV) Adolphus,
King of Sweden, 10, 481, 16, 252
1810. Louis Bonaparte, King of
Holland, 13, 268
1814. Napoleon (I) Bonaparte, 4,
349, 8 532, 9, 349, 10, 494, . 566,
15, 262, 17, 311, 18, 388
1815. Napoleon (I) Bonaparte,
signs second abdication, 4, 350, 8,
532, 9, 365, 10, 502, 11, 568, 17,
314, 18, 390
1821. Victor Emmanuel, King of
Sardinia, 4, 355, 9, 377
1825. Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil,
abdicates crown of Portugal, 8,
535, 21, 167
1840. William (I) Frederick, King
of Holland, 13, 313
1840. Maria Christina, queen re-
gent of Spain, 9, 418
1848. Louis Philippe, King of
France, 9, 434
1848. Ferdinand I, Emperor of
Austria, 17, 371, 18, 402
1886. Alexander, Prince of Bul-
garia, 15, 343
Abd-Melkarth (Abd-milkot), King of
Sidon, 7th century B. C. : defeated
by Esarhaddon, 1, 124
Abdul Hamid I (1725-1789), Sultan of
Turkey, 1774-1789: reign of, 14,
337; death of, 355
Abdul Hamid II (b. 1842), Sultan of
Turkey, 1876 : reign of, 478;
character of, 489
Abdul Hamid (Karazaridzi) (16th
century), Turkish military chief:
revolt of, 14, 208
Abdul Kadir: see Abdel Kader
Abdul Karim (19th century), Groom
of the Imperial Chamber: gives les-
sons in Hindustani to Queen Vic-
toria, 5, 287
Abdul Medjid (Abd al Medjid, Abdel
Medjid, or Abdul Mejid) (1823-
1861) Sultan of Turkey, 1839-1861 :
accession of, 14, 437; reign of, 14,
439, 15, 292; reforms of, 14, 96;
death of, 14, 472
Abdul Mumin: see Abdelmumen
Abdul Muttalib: see Abd al Muttalib
Abdul Rahman: see Abderahman
Abdul-Aziz (Abdelasis or Abd al-
Aziz) (1830-1876), Sultan of Tur-
key, 1861-1876: reign of, 14, 472;
deposition and death of, 475
Abdul-Aziz (Abdelasis or Abd al-
Aziz) ben Muza (Musa) (8th cen-
tury), Moorish general: his cam-
paigns in Spain, 1, 316, 8, 51; suc-
ceeds to the command in Spain, 1,
318, 8, 63; death of, 1, 318, 8, 63
Abdul-Kerim Pasha (1811-1885),
Turkish general: wins battle of
Djunis, 17, 419
Abdullah (early 19th century), Pasha
of Syria: Mehemet AH overthrows,
15, 289
Abdullah Ibn Saud (d. 1819), last
Emir of the Wahabites: death of,
14, 409
Abdul-Malik: see Abdalmalek
Abdur Rahman: see also Abderahman
Abdur Rahman Khan (ca. 1830-1901),
Amir of Afghanistan, 1880-1901:
proclaimed Amir, 5, 258; death of,
287
Abel, (d. 1252), King of Denmark,
1250-1252: invested with Slesvig, 16,
91, 266; reign of, 92
Aben Aboo, see Diego Lopez ben
Aboo
Aben Alafia, Emir of Meguinez, early
10th century: captures Fez, 8, 76
Aben Alhamar: see Mohammed I,
King of Granada
Aben Dylnun, King of Toledo, nth
century: besieges Cordova, 8, 86
Abe-no-Hirafu (7th century), Jap-
anese general: his campaigns in the
north, 7, 27
Abe-no-Masahiro (19th century), Jap-
anese statesman: urges signing of
treaty with America, 7, 157
Abe-no-Nakamaro (8th century), Jap-
anese scholar: sketch of, 7, 35
Abensberg, Lower Bavaria, Ger-
many: battle of (1809), 9, 335
Aberastein, Dr. (d. 1868), Spanish-
American statesman: leads revolt,
21, 129
Abercrombie, James (1706-1781), Brit-
ish soldier: given command of Brit-
ish forces in America, 11, 500, 23,
184; in expedition against Ticon-
deroga, 189
GENERAL INDEX
Abercrombie (Abercromby), Sir
Ralph (1734-1801), British soldier:
his expedition against the Dutch,
13, 267; his expedition to Egypt, II,
551
Aberdeen, George Hamilton Gordon,
Earl of (1784-1860), British states-
man: his foreign policy, II, 603; his
policy toward Russia, 14, 447; his
ministry, 15, 305, 317; his ministry
resigns, 14, 458
Aberdeen, John Campbell Hamilton,
Earl of (b. 1847), British statesman:
refuses to use his power for party
purposes, ao, 172
Aberdeen, University of: founded, 13,
301
Abgarus (Abgar) of Edessa (1st cen-
tury B. C.) Arab prince: betrays
the Roman army (53 B. C). 3, 3*3
Abimilki, King of Tyre, ca. 1100 B.
C. : besieged by Zimrida of Tyre, 1,
122
Abo, Finland, Russia: taken by the
Russians (1713), 15, 64
Abo, Treaty of, a treaty concluded
between Russia and Sweden (1743),
15, 152, 16, 228
Abolition Movement in the United
States: sentiment of the South, 23,
450; opposition to nomination of
Clay for Presidency, 24, 520; op-
position to Mexican War, 548; gen-
eral treatment, 571; Webster op-
poses methods of societies, 606; in-
fluence of " Uncle Tom's Cabin,"
638; joint movement charged to
speeches of Seward and Lincoln,
671; abolition secured by purchase
in the District of Columbia (1862),
766; abolition secured in Territories
(1862), 766; platform of Baltimore
convention (1859), 800; responsible
for John Brown's Raid, 674
Abolition Party in the United States:
organized, 24, 580; demands eman-
cipation of slaves in seceded States,
742
Abolitionist Party in the United
States: joins Free Soil Party, 24,
559
Aboukir (Abukir), Egypt: battle of
(1799). 9. 310, 10, 400, 14. 383. ao,
141
Aboukir Bay, north of Egypt: battle
of (1708). Hi 549
Abraham, Plains or Heights of, near
Quebec, Canada: battles of (1759),
11, 500, ao, 118, 23, 195; (i860), 33,
197
Abramzoom, surnamed Leckerbeetjc
(d. 1601), Flemish hero: story of,
13. 176
Abrantes, Portugal: battle of (1176),
8, 08
Absalom (10th century B. C), Is-
raelite prince and son of David: re-
bellion of, 1, 386
Absalom (Axel Hvide) (1128-1201),
Danish prelate, Archbishop of Lund:
sketch of, 16, 7, 81; makes a gift
of the site for Copenhagen, 69;
death of, 85
Abu Abdalla (d. 1302), Hagib of Gra-
nada: murdered, 8, in
Abu Abdalla ben Muley (Boabdil),
King of Granada, 1483-1492: revolt
of, 8, 121, 23, 29
Abu Abdalla Mohammed ben Hud,
King of Andulusia, 13th century: re-
volts against Moors, 8, 102
Abu Amram (12th century), Almor-
avide general: his campaigns in An-
dalusia, 8, 97
Abu Ayub (Job) (d. 668 A. D.), Arab
general: career of, 1, 328
Abu Bekir (12th century). Moorish
general: sent against Mohammed
ben Abdalla, 8, 94
Abu Bekr (Aboo Bekr, Abou Bekr,
or Abu-Bakr) (573-634 A. D.), Ara-
bian caliph: publishes the Koran, 1,
211; accepts the doctrine of Moham-
med, 218; chosen as Mohammed's
successor, 236: distribution of his
wealth, 256; reign of, 1, 266, 5, 322
Abu Giafer (nth century), King of
Saragossa: forms alliance with Yus-
sef, 8, 90; defeated by Alfonso I of
Aragon, 91
Abu Mohammed el Baxir (early 12th
century), Arab sheik: his campaign
against AH ben Yussef, 8, 04
Abu Moslem (Abu Muslim) (8th
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
century), Arab general: places the
Ablasids on the throne of Damas-
cus, i, 339
Abu Obaidah (7th century), Arab gen-
eral: commands army for conquest
of Syria, I, 267; saves Damascenes
from massacre, 274; at the battle of
Yermuk, 281; at the siege of Jeru-
salem, 282; death of, 288
Abu Said (14th century), King of
Granada: leads conspiracy in favor
of Ismail (1358), 8, 116; usurps
throne of Granada, 116
Abu Said (early 15th century), King
of Fez: accession of, 8, 117
Abu Said (9th century), religious
fanatic: power of, 1, 361
Abu Sufyan (9th century), Arab
prince, head of the republic of
Mecca: opposes Mohammed, 1, 221;
warns Mecca of the power of Mo-
hammed, 226; gives Mohammed
the keys of Mecca, 231
Abu Tahir (9th century), religious
fanatic: power of, 1, 361
Abu Talib (ca. 600 A. D.), uncle of
Mohammed, the Prophet: guardian
of Mohammed, 1, 206; preaches
against Mohammed, 220
Abukir: see Aboukir
Abul Cassem (15th century), Moorish
statesman, hagib of Granada: nego-
tiates the surrender of Granada, 8,
124
Abul Fazl (d. 1602), Mogul histori-
ographer: sketch of, 5, 114
Abul Hassan (13th century), Moor-
ish general, wali of Carmona: at
war with the Christians, 8, 106, 114
Abul Melic Abdelwahid, King of
Mauritania and Spain, 1223-1224;
reign of, 8, 102
Abyberg, Colonel, Swiss military offi-
cer: his campaign in the Revolution
of 1830, 13, 541
Abydos, in ancient geography, a town
in Mysia, Asia Minor: battle of (411
B. C), 2, 364
Abyla, Syria: battle of (ca. 635 A. D.),
1, 277
Abyssinia, a country of Africa:
Semites' occupation of, 1, 187; de-
scription of, 19, 247
Acadia, a former French colony in
America: named, 20, 81; granted to
De Monts, 82; ceded to England,
20, 85, 107, 23, 162; becomes Nova
Scotia, 23, 161; boundary dispute,
163, 167; in Treaty of Ryswick, 160;
inhabitants expelled, 179; inhabi-
tants rejected by New England
colonies, 181; see also Nova Scotia
Acapulco, a sea-port in Mexico:
founded, 20, 51; captured by the
Dutch, 22, 162; importance of, 192;
siege of (1813), 244
Acarnania, an ancient division of
Greece: geogrpahy of, 2, 10; cam-
paigns of Demosthenes in, 300; con-
quered by Agesilaus, 402; joins
jEtolian League, 516
Accessory Transit Company: opens
route across Nicaragua, 24, 626
Accounting Law, a law regulating
railways in Switzerland (1895), 13,
576
Aceval, Emilio, President of Paraguay,
1898-1902: administration, 21, 260
Acha, Jose Maria (1805-1868), Bo-
livian revolutionist, President of
Bolivia, 1861-1865: member of Coun-
cil of State of Bolivia, 21, 188;
made president of Bolivia, 189;
wounded and deposed, 190
Achbar ben Nafi al-Fahri: see Okbah
Achaean League (281-146 B. C), a re-
ligious confederation in Achaia, con-
sisting of twelve cities: revival of,
2, 516; Philip V of Macedon allied
with, 517; expiration of, 520; faults
of, 3, 138; joins Rome, 140; declares
war against Sparta (146 B. C), 166
Achaeans, a tribe of Southern Thes-
saly: found Sybaris, 3, 26
Achaemenes, Cyrus, an Egyptian
satrap, ca. 480 B. C. : made satrap,
i, 32
Achaeus, Greek mythical character:
founds Hellenic clan, 2, 24
Achaeus (2nd century B. C), a Greek
slave: general in the slave revolt,
3, 173
Achaia, in southern Thessaly: geogra-
phy of, 2, 17; revives Achaean
League, 516; created French princi-
pality, 536; province of, formed, 3,
GENERAL INDEX
9
166; surrenders to Mithradates,
217; inhabitants of,' their Homeric
importance, a, 32; inhabitants con-
quered by Dorians, 48; claimed as
leaders of Dorian invasion, 49; mi-
gration to Asia Minor, 53; colonies
sent to Italy, 84; join Theban alli-
ance, 445; and Sparta, 446
Achiki (3rd century A. D.), a Korean
scholar: introduces Chinese learning
into Japan, 7, 13
Achilles, Greek legendary warrior:
home of, a, 9; in Homeric poems,
29. 33
Achilles, The English: see Talbot,
John, Earl of Shrewsbury
Achish (nth century B. C), King of
Gath: aids David, 1, 383
Achmet II (1642-1695), Sultan of
Turkey, 1691-1695: recognizes Bocs-
kai as voievode of Transylvania, 17,
224
Aclea (Ockley), Surrey, England:
battle of (851 A. D.), II, 42
Acosta, Joaquin (1795-1852), Colom-
bian soldier and historian: leads
revolution in Colombia, 21, 90
Acragus: sec Agrigentum
Acre, Asiatic Turkey: sieges of (1191),
11, 113, 17, 92; taken by Ibrahim
Pasha (1831), 15, 289; (1832), 14,
433; (1840), 437
Act of Explanation, passed by Irish
Parliament (1665), by which Irish
settlers agreed to give up one-third
of their possessions, 12, 129
Act of Renunciation, passed by Eng-
lish Parliament (1783) that Ireland
was to be bound only by the laws
made by the king and the Irish Par-
liament, 12, 189
Act of Repeal, passed by English
Parliament (1782), interpreted to
mean great concessions to Ireland,
12, 188
Act Rescissory, passed by English
Parliament (1660), rescinding many
concessions to Scotland, 12, 344
Act of Settlement, passed by Irish
Parliament (1661), giving new set-
tlers, as a body, a title to their hold-
ings, 12, 129
Act of Union (1815), 16, 261
Act of 1660, passed by English Parlia-
ment, providing that no goods
should be imported into the colonies
or exported therefrom except in
English or colonial built and owned
vessels, 23, 202
Act of 1700, passed by English Par-
liament, against Catholics, 23, 148
Act of 1744, an act of the English Par-
liament, against Moravian preach-
ing, 33, 148
Act of 1870, passed by Congress of
United States to refund national
debt in bonds bearing five, four and
one-half and four per cent, interest,
24.898
Actium, Acarnania, Greece: battle of
(30 B. C), a, 522, 4, 26
Aculco, Mexico: battle of (1810), ^,
238
Adad-nihan (ca. 800 B. C), King of
Assyria: attacks Damascus (805 B.
C), 1, 392
Adad-nirari II, King of Assyria, 911-
891 B. C: reign of, 1, 79
Adad-nirari III, King of Assyria, 811-
783 B. C: reign of. 1, 81
Adair, Sir Robert (1 763-1855), an Eng-
lish diplomat and writer: concludes
Treaty of the Dardanelles (1809),
14, 405
Adalberon (d. 988), Bishop of Laon:
crowns Hugh Capet, 9, 59
Adalbert, Archbishop of Bremen (d.
1072), a German prelate: his rela-
tions with Svend Estridsen, 16, 69;
appointed, 18, 130; his relations
with Henry IV of Germany. 132
Adalbert, Saint (955-997 A. D.),
Bishop of Prague, a Bohemian
prelate: his work in Hungary, 17,
46; career of, 63
Adalbert (1018-1056), Margrave of
Babenbcrg: reign of, 17, 89
Adam of Bremen (d. 1076), German
ecclesiastical historian: quoted, 16,
31. 58; his description of Scandi-
navia, 61
Adam of Sternberg: sec Sternberg,
Adam of
Adamites, The, a sect which origi-
nated in North Africa in the 2nd
century A. D. and pretended to
10
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
have attained to primitive innocence
of Adam; it reappeared in the 14th
and 15th centuries in Europe: cam-
paign against (1420), 18, 208
Adams, Major (ca. 1750), British
military officer: his campaign
against Mir Kasim, 5, 187
Adams, Charles Francis (1807-1886),
American statesman and diplo-
matist: presides over convention at
Buffalo, 24, 558; protests against
building of the "Alabama," 881; re-
tires from ministry to England,
882; in Geneva commission, 885;
joins liberal movement, 890; candi-
date for Presidential nomination
(1872), 891
Adams, John, second President of the
United States: born at Braintree,
Mass., October 19, 1735, O.S.;
graduated from Harvard College,
I 755! studied law and was admitted
to the bar, 1758; delegate to the
first Continental Congress, 1774;
member of the committee for pre-
paring a declaration of independ-
ence, 1776; was commissioner to
France, 1778; with Benjamin Frank-
lin and John Jay, negotiated the
treaty with England, 1782; minister
to the court of St. James, 1785-
1788; Vice-President of the United
States, 1 789-1 796; President, 1796-
1800; died, July 4, 1826
Hears Otis's speech against gen-
eral search warrants, 23, 205; de-
fends soldiers accused of Boston
massacre, 217; delegate to first Con-
tinental Congress, 223; delegate to
second Continental Congress, 229;
nominates Washington as com-
mander in chief of army, 230; draws
up Massachusetts constitution, 239;
member of committee to draft a
declaration of independence, 240;
appointed member of peace com-
mission, 286; sent as minister to
England, 310; attempts to secure
loans for the government, 313;
minister abroad, 324; elected Vice
President, 340, 357; elected Presi-
dent, 370; Federalist nominee for
President, 381; epitomized, 475
Adams, John Quincy (called Old
Man Eloquent) (1767-1848), Presi-
dent of the United States, 1825-
1829: urges renewal of fishery priv-
ileges, 23, 429; appointed on peace
commission, 429; Secretary of
State, 43s; signs treaty for Florida
purchase, 444; protests to Russia,
447; candidate for Presidency, 460;
defends Jackson from court-mar-
tial, 462, 492; elected President,
463; difficulties of his administra-
tion, 466; sketch of, 467; negotiates
commercial treaties, 471; political
persecution of, during administra-
tion, 473; character of, 474, 475; re-
fuses to attend Jackson's inaugura-
tion, 481; leader of the Democratic-
Republican party, 24, 519; cham-
pion of the abolitionists, 578; at-
tempts to remove the " gag rule,"
579
Adams, Samuel, orator and patriot:
born at Boston, Mass., September
27, 1722; graduated from Harvard
College, 1740; entered mercantile
life but was unsuccessful and soon
abandoned it; was chosen to repre-
sent Boston in the General Court
of Massachusetts, 1765; was a mem-
ber of the first Continental Con-
gress, 1774; was excepted from the
general pardon offered by England,
1775; signed the Declaration of In-
dependence, 1776; member of Mas-
sachusetts ratifying convention,
1788; lieutenant governor of Mas-
sachusetts, 1789-1794; governor,
1794-1797; died at Boston, October
2, 1803
Uses his eloquence in favor of re-
bellion, 23, 215; outwits the gov-
ernor of Massachusetts, 222; dele-
gate to first Continental Congress,
223; Gage attempts to arrest, 226;
delegate to second Continental Con-
gress, 229; excepted from amnesty
offered by Gage, 231; entertains
idea of separation from England,
2 37', opposes Constitutional Con-
vention, 324; not in favor of the
Constitution, 336; defeated for
Congress, 342, 343
GENERAL INDEX
11
Adams, William (d. 1620), English
navigator: settles in Japan, 7, 135
Adda, river in Italy: battle of the
(1705). 9, 222
Adda, Africa: sold to the English,
19. 36
Addington, Henry, Viscount Sid-
mouth (1757-1844), English politi-
cian: becomes premier, II, 551; en-
ters Pitt's ministry, 556; in All the
Talents Ministry, 558
Addiscombe, England: military school
maintained at, 5, 202
Addison, Joseph (1672-1719), English
essayist, poet, statesman: sketch
of, 11, 461
Addled Parliament, The (1614), 11,
3ii
Adeimantus (5th century B. C).
Corinthian admiral, 2, 199
Adelaide (nth century), Princess of
Susa and Turin: marries Otho of
Savoy, 4, 272
Adelaide (19th century), queen of
Victor Emmanuel II: death of, 4,
370
Adelaide: see also Adelheid
Adelaide, South Australia: named,
20, 190; settled, 193
Adelechus (8th century), son of
Disiderius: at the battle of Sacra
di San Michele, 4, 74
Adelheid (Adelaide), Saint (931-999
A. D.). daughter of Rudolph II of
Burgundy and wife (1) of Lothar
of Burgundy and (2) of Otto the
Great: sketch of, 13, 344, 18, III,
116, 118
Adelwald, King of Lombards, 615-
624: reign of, 4, 168
Aden, Arabia: sketch of, 5, 18; siege
of (ca. 1515), 8, 329; captured by
Turks (ca. 1546), 14, 164; history
of, 20, 252
Adgar (12th century), Archbishop of
Lund: installed, 16, 75
Adherbal (d. 112 B. C), King of Nu-
midia: reign of, 3, 188
Adige, river of Italy: battles of the
(1706), 4, 329; (1809), 10, 479
Adil Shahi Dynasty, Persian dynasty,
1489: founded, 5, 106
Adlercreutz (Adlerkreuz), Count Karl
Johan (1757-1815), Swedish general:
his campaign against Russia, 15,
216, 16, 251; forces the abdication
of Gustavus, 252
Adlerspaare, .Count George (1760-
1835), Swedish author, statesman
and general: forces the abdication
of Gustavus, 16, 251
Admiral, L' (18th century), French
patriot: attempts to kill Collot-
d'Herbois, 10, 300
Adolf (13th century), Count -Duke
of Holstein: compelled to relin-
quish his duchy, 16, 85
Adolf I (Adolph or Adolphus) 16th
century), Duke of Holstein-Got-
torp; founds the Gottorp line, 16,
267; refuses the Danish crown, 132;
death of, 135
Adolf VII (15th century), Duke of
Slesvig- Holstein: his struggles to
secure Slesvig, 16, 127, 266
Adolf of Nassau (1 252-1298), Holy
Roman Emperor, 1292-1298: acces-
sion of, 13, 363; reign of, 18, 183
Adolph: see Ataulf and Ataulphus
Adolph Frederick (1710-1771), King
of Sweden, 1751-1771: chosen king,
i5> 152; reign of, 16, 228; death of,
229
Adolphus: see also Adolf
Adolphus (15th century), Duke of
Guelders: usurps duchy, 13, 45
Adolphus of Nassau (d. 1568),
brother of William the Silent: his
campaigns in the revolution, 13,
109
Adonijah (nth century B. C), son
of David: claims throne of Israel,
1, 386; death of, 387
Adorno (15th century), Genoese
commander: aids Mustapha, 14, 58
Adorno, Antoniotto, Doge of Genoa
(14th century): places Genoa under
the protection of France, 4, 244
Adowa, Abyssinia: battle of (1806),
4, 404, ao, 300
Adrian I (d. 795 A. D), Pope, 772-
795: asks aid of Charlemagne, 9,
411, 18, 79
Adrian II, Pope, 867-872: honors
Saints Cyril and Methodius, 17, 32
Adrian IV (Nicholas Breakspear)
12
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
(1100-1159), Pope, 1154-1159 (the
English Pope): quarrels with Fred-
erick Barbarossa, 4, 192; presents
Ireland to Henry II of England, II,
107, 12, 48; in Scandinavia, 16, 79,
101; policy, 18, 148, 150; death, 151
Adrian VI (1459-1523), Pope, 1522-
1523: acts as agent for Charles V
in Spain, 8, 339; made regent of
Castile, 346; invested with pontif-
ical crown, 8, 350, 9, 138, 11, 243;
orders a court of inquisition in
Sweden, 16, 155; pontificate of, 18,
245
Adrian, Patriarch of Moscow (18th
century) : death of, 15, 73
Adrian (76-138 A. D.), Roman Em-
peror 1 17-138 A. D.: condition of
Spain under, 8, 26; taken by the
Russians (1878), 15, 336
Adrianople, Turkey: battles of (323
A. D.), 4, 119; (378 A. D.), 2, 529,
4, 133, 18, 34; captured by Murad
(1361), 14, 29; treaties of (1713),
15, 61; (1829), 2, 545, 14, 431, 15,
287, 17, 326
Adriatic, The Queen of the: see
Venice
Adulterine Castles, castles without li-
cense of King: destruction of, iiy
96
JEdni, a Celtic tribe: at war with the
Arverni, 18, 10
Aega (7th century), Merovingian
statesman: made mayor of the pal-
ace, 9, 33
.ffigidius, Roman commander, 457-
461; made master of the militia in
Gaul, 9, 17
.SSgina, island of Greece: geography
of, 2, 16
.ffiginetans: at war with Athens, 2,
154; second war with Athens, 173;
at battle of Salamis, 202; third war
with Athens, 240; conquered, 245;
expelled from their island, 281; re-
stored by Lysander, 380
iEgospotami, Thrace: battle of (405
B. C), 2, 375
.ffiguse: battle of (241 B. C), 3, 105
Aelfric (nth century), Archbishop of
York: mission of, 16, 32
iElgifa (nth century): her influence
in Norway, 16, 57
2Elia Capitolina, Roman colony:
founded on the site of Jerusalem,
4, 92
Aella (d. 867), King of Northumbria:
his relations with the Danes, 16,
20
Aemilanus, Saint: see Milan, Saint
iEmilianus (d. 253), Roman emperor:
reign of, 4, 109
Aemilius, Lucius (3rd century B. C.)
Roman consul: commands cam-
paign against Tarentum, 3, 75
iEneas Sylvius: see Pius II (iEneas
Sylvius), Pope
Aeolian Colonization: in earliest au-
thentic history, 2, 31
Aeolus: mythical founder of Hellenic
clan, 2, 24
Aequi, tribe of Latium: wars with
Rome, 3, 22
Aerschot, Duke of (ca. 1850) : mem-
ber of Belgian provisional govern-
ment, 13, 297
Aeschines (389-314 B. C.)> Athenian
orator: ambassador to Philip, 2,
467; impeached, 470; stirs up
Locrian war, 475
Aethaling-Aelfred (nth century),
Anglo-Saxon prince: murder of,
16, 32
JEthefrith, King of Northumbrians,
593-617: his struggle with the
Kymry, II, 31
iEthelbald, King of the Mercians, 716-
757; conquers Wessex, 11, 39; reign
of, 42
.ZEthelberht, King of England, 860-
866; son of ^Ethelwulf; reign, 11,
27, 42
jEthelings, chiefs of royal blood:
power of, 11, 39
iEthelred, of Mercia, 9th century: ap-
pointed ealdorman, 11, 44
^thelred I, King of Wessex, 866-871 :
his struggles with the Danes, 11,
42
.ffithelred (II), the Unready, King of
England, 968-1016: reign of, 11, 56;
death of, 59
iEthelric, King of Bernicia, 588-593:
GENERAL INDEX
13
combines Deira and Bcrnicia, form-
ing North-humberland, II, 30
iEthelstan (895-940), King of West
Saxons and Mercia, 925-940: reign
of, II, 46; his relations with Nor-
way, 16, 52
jEthelwold, Bishop of Winchester
(10th cent.): his career, n, 50
jEthelwulf (d. 858). King of England:
his struggles with the Northmen,
11, 42
Aetius, Roman general (5th century):
supports the government of
Placida, 4, 147; death, 148; career
of, 9, 16; Britons appeal to, 11, 17;
his campaign against Attila, 18, 41
Actolia, Greece: geography of, a, 10;
Demosthenes' campaign in, 300;
under Macedonian supremacy, 513;
revives Aetolian League, 516
Aetclian League: revival of, 2, 516;
end of, 518; faults of, 3, 138; joins
Rome in third Macedonian War,
149
Aetolians: in the great migrations, 2,
48; migration to Asia Minor, 52
Afensberg, Germany: battle of (1809),
17. 298
AfFre, Denis Auguste (1793-1848),
Archbishop of Paris: death of, 9,
437
Afghan Frontier Commission: ap-
pointed (1884), 3, 265
Afghan War, a war between the
British and the Afghans (1878-
1879): causes, 5, 256; peace signed
at Gaudamak (1879) 257; results,
257
Afranius, Roman general (d. 46 B.
C): campaigns in Spain, 8, 22; de-
feated by Caesar, 3, 340; flies to
Macedonia, 343; at the Corcyra
council of war, 350; arrival in
Africa, 359; death, 359
Africa: Phoenicians circumnavigate,
I, 31; Phoenicians settle along the
coast, 121; Saracens conquer, 1, 300,
14, 4; Greek colonization in, 2, 86;
province of, formed, 3, 165; ceded
to Genseric, 4, 147
Africa, History of: North Africa
from the ancients to the Arabs, 19,
3; the Portuguese in Africa, 15; the
beginning of rivalry, 27; stagnation
and slavery, 35; the position in 1815,
42; sixty years of preparation, 47;
preliminaries to partition, 58; Eng-
land, France, and Portugal in
Africa, 71; Germany enters the
field, 86; Germany in the Cam-
eroons and the Gulf of Guinea, 105;
the Berlin Conference and the
Congo Free State, 114; German
East Africa, 127; the struggle for
the Niger, 147; German progress in
West Africa, 172; British East
Africa, 182; the Italian sphere and
the islands, 207; British Central and
South Africa, 214; Africa since
1895, 245; the economic value of
Africa, 286
African Company of Merchants:
chartered (1750), 19, 37
African Company, Royal: see Royal
African Company
African Exploration Fund of the
Royal Geographical Society: estab-
li>hed (1877), 19, 62
African Lakes .Company: formed
(1878), 19, 235
African Lakes Corporation: formed
(1878), 19. 235
African Trans-Continental Company:
formed (1893), 19, 229
Africanus of New Rome, The: see
Belisarius
Afrikander Bund, a South African as-
sociation: rise of, 20, 232
Aftonbladet, a Swedish political news-
paper: founded, 16, 259
Aga Mohammed, Shah of Persia.
1794-1797: destroys Tiflis (1793).
15. 213
Agacucho, South America: battle of
(1824). 8, 519
Agamemnon, legendary king of
Mycenae: in Homeric poems, 2, 29,
33
Agaperus II, Pope, 946-955 A. D.: in-
tervenes in struggle between Louis
IV and his rebellious nobles, 9, 56
Agathocles (361-289 B. C), tyrant of
Syracuse, 317-289 B. C: reign of, J,
515
14
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Agatoes, The, a South American
tribe: destroy themselves, 21, 50
Agesandridas (5th century), Spartan
admiral, a, 361, 363
gesilaus (d. 360 B. C), King of
Sparta, 399-361 B. C: accession of,
a, 392; at Aulis, 393; his successes
in Asia, 394; returns to Europe, 399;
at battle of Coronea, 401; cam-
paigns of, near Corinth, 402; sup-
ports Phoebidas, 422; invades Boeo-
tia, 429; defends Sparta, 441; his
last campaigns against Epaminon-
das, 448; expedition to Egypt and
death, 452
Agesipolis, King of Sparta, 395-379
B. C: accession of, 2, 398; death
of, 423
Agha Mohammed, Shah of Persia:
1794-1797: revolt of, 5, 355; reign
of, 356
Aghrim, Ireland: battle of (1692), 9,
218
Agila (d. 554 A. D.), King of the
Goths: reign of, 8, 40
Agilulph, Duke of Turin and King of
Lombardy, 590-615 A. D. : reign of,
4, 166
Agincourt, France: battle of (1415),
9, in, 11, 198
Aginnum (Agen), France: battle of
(107 B. C), 13, 329
Agis II, King of Sparta, 426-399 B.
C: invades Argolis, 2, 324; wins
battle of Mantinea, 326; besieges
Athens, 377; death of, 391
Agis III, King of Sparta, 338-330 B.
C: defeated by Philip, 2, 479; in
arms against Alexander, 491; slain
in battle, 507
Agis IV, King of Sparta, 244-240 B.
C: reign of, 2, 517
Agnadel (Agnadello), Italy: battle of
(1508), 4, 292, 9, 134
Agnes (d. 1077), wife of Henry III:
regent for her son, 18, 131
Agnes of Brandenburg,. Queen of
Denmark, 13th century: regency of,
16, no
Agolas: explores the Parana, 21, 25
Agora, The, section of Athens,
Greece: in Homeric times, 2, 64
Agosta, sea-port of Sicily: battle of
(1675), 9, 212
Agra, British India: captured by Lake
(1802), 5, 201
Agram, Austria-Hungary: popular
uprising in (1848), 17, 361
Agramont, Nicolas, English pirate of
the 17th century: captures Vera
Cruz, 22, 178
Agreda, Colonel (19th century): leads
revolution in Bolivia, 21, 187
Agricola (37-93 A. D.), Roman sol-
dier and statesman: his campaigns
in Britain, 4, 83; becomes governor
of Britain, II, 10; leads invasion of
Romans into Scotland, 12, 249
Agriculture:
AFRICA, CENTRAL: products of
Nigeria, 19, 156; general conditions,
304; in Congo under the Arabs, 310
AFRICA, EAST: German planta-
tions, 19, 139; coffee plantations,
144
AFRICA, SOUTH: culture of
coffee, 19, 236, 242; general treat-
ment of, 242, 308; products of Cape
Colony, 20, 62; cultivation of sugar
in Natal, 225
AFRICA, NORTH: under the Car-
thaginian settlements, 19, 5; the
cotton crop in Egypt, 269; general
treatment of, 308
AFRICA, WEST: products of, 19,
179
AUSTRALIA: in Sydney under
convicts, 20, 182
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: vines, 17,
59
BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA:
status of, 1, 113
CHINA: crops are raised on the
oases of the desert of Gobi, 6, 218;
description of the " Garden of
China," 242
CYPRESS, ISLAND OF: products
of, 20, 254
EAST INDIES: cultivation of the
clove in the Island of Ambryna, 20,
57; cultivation of the nutmeg in the
Banda Islands, 57; cultivation of
sugar in Ceylon, Mauritius, and
Java, 237; culture of coffee in Java,
GENERAL INDEX
15
288; the culture system, 289; the
culture system in' Java, 293; aboli-
tion of the culture system in Java,
*94
ENGLAND: decline of villein serv-
ice, II, 116; increase in the growing
of corn, 298; improvements in farm-
ing methods, 532; agricultural dis-
tress, 569
FRANCE: influence of Greeks, 9,
4; under old regime, 10, 9; modern
conditions, 9, 489
GERMANY: among the early
tribes, 18, 7; introduction of the
vine, 29; after Thirty Years' War,
295; under Frederick the Great, 33J
GREECE: in Thessaly, a, 9; in the
Boeotian plain, 12; in the Pelopon-
nesus, 17; modern conditions, 2,
547, 551
ICELAND: hay raised by the early
settlers, 16, 299
INDIA: general description of, 5,
12; in Lower Bengal, 16; modern
conditions, 386
IRELAND: at the beginning of the
17th century, 12, 100; failure of the
potato crop, 11, 605, 607, 12, 226,
*o, 345
ISRAELITES: learn the arts of
husbandry, 1, 397
JAPAN: general conditions, 7, xiv;
encouraged by the Emperor Yosh-
imune, 144; present conditions, 242
MALTA, ISLAND OF: products
of, 20, 254
MEXICO: under Cortez, 22, 72,
failure of crops (1749), 197; neglect
of, 413; in Yucatan, 419, 425; the
cultivation of tobacco, 420
NEW ZEALAND: cultivation of
flax, 20, 211
NORTH AMERICA: by the In-
dians, 23, 11; English colonies, 20,
85; products of Virginia, 20, 24, 23,
61; colony of Georgia, 23, 82; New
England colonies, 101, 133; Middle
colonies, 136; southern colonies,
*3, 136
PERSIA: conditions under Khusru,
5. 320
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: culture
system, 20, 313; products of, 320;
encouragement of, 380
ROME: condition during revolution
period, 3, 246
RUSSIA: Greek colonists make the
lower valleys of the Dnieper and
the Bug the great wheat field of
the world, 2, 81
SCANDINAVIA: account by Phy-
theas, 16, 5
SCOTLAND: work of the High-
land Society, 12, 374
SOUTH AMERICA: conditions
under Spanish rule, 21, 46; in Ar-
gentina, 258; in Bolivia, 186, 243; in
Brazil, 20, 69, 21, 165, 179, 180, 249;
in Chili, 21, 43, 230; in Colombia,
301; in Ecuador, 107, 117; in the
Guianas under the Dutch, 20, 88;
in Paraguay, 21, 49, 151; in Peru,
213. 243; >n Uruguay, 140; present
conditions, 269
SPAIN: under the Romans, 8, 5, 30
SWEDEN: in Johan Ill's reign, 16,
166
SWITZERLAND: in the 18th cen-
tury, 13, 493; at the beginning of
the 19th century, 522
UNITED STATES (see also
NORTH AMERICA), condition of,
after the War of 1812, 23, 438; cot-
ton-growing in the South, 450, 726;
comparison between the North and
the South, 561
WEST INDIES: under the Span-
iards, 20, 66; products of. 242; in
Barbados under the English, 67; in
Cuba, 22, 487; products of Jamaica,
20, 71; decrease of sugar crop in
Jamaica, 241; products of Porto
Rico, 325; in Santo Domingo under
the French, 72; products of Trin-
idad, 247; decline and rise of the
sugar crop in the French West
Indies, 270
Agrigentum, Sicily: founded, 2, 84, 3,
28; tyrants of, 2, 216; resists Giles
of Syracuse, 217; taken by Hiero,
219; by Carthagenians, 410; surren-
dered to Rome, 3, 125; seized by the
slaves, 173
Agrippa I, Herod, King of Judea,
16
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
(u B. C.-44 A. D.): made king
of the Jews, 1, 410; reign of, 4, 59
Agrippa II, King of Judaea, 27-93 A.
D.: attempts to restore order in Je-
rusalem, 1, 410
Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius (63-12 B.
C), Roman commander, leading
statesman of reign of Augustus:
puts down the insurrection of Ful-
via, 4, 19; defeats Sextus Pompeius,
21; loyal to Augustus, 38; marries
daughter of Augustus, 40; death, 42
Agrippa Postumus (12 B. C.-14 A.
D.): disgraced and secluded, 4, 44;
death, 47
Agrippina, wife of Claudius Germani-
cus (13 B. C.-33 A. D.): grand-
daughter of Augustus, 4, 40; con-
spiracies against, 50; banished, 51;
death, 53
Agrippina Julia, wife of Claudius I,
(15-60 A. D.) : marries Claudius, 4,
60; intrigues of, 60; murders Claud-
ius, 61; plots against Nero, 62;
death, 64
Agron, King of the Illyrians, 2nd cen-
tury B. C: pays tribute to Rome,
17, 11
Agua Santa, Peru, South America:
battle of (1842), 21, 197
Aguado, Juan, a Spaniard who ac-
companied Columbus on his second
voyage: appointed to investigate
Columbus's colony in Hayti, 21, 11
Aguayo, Marques San Miguel de,
Spaniard of the eighteenth cen-
tury: appointed governor of Florida
and Texas, 22, 189
Agueda, Casto: leads insurrection,
21, 190
Aguero y Velasco, Francisco: death
of, (1826), 22, 451
Aguesseau, Henri Francois d' (1668-
1751), a French jurist: opposes
Law's schemes, 9, 230; given the
direction of Law's bank, 233
Aguila, Don Juan del, Spanish com-
mander (ca. 1600) : brings aid to
the Irish, 12, 101
Aguilar, Marcos de, Spanish sailor
(ca. 1500) : joins Cortez, 22, 13
Aguinaldo, Emilio (1868 ), Phil-
ippine insurgent leader: leads up-
rising (1896) 20, 314; leads Fili-
pinos (1898), 20, 315, 24, 1037; cap-
tured, 20, 317, 24, 1043
Aguirre, Anastasio, President of Uru-
guay, 1865: administration of, 21,
142
Aguirre, Lopez de, (1508-1561) a
Spanish adventurer: explorations
of, 21, 29
Augustin I, Emperor of Mexico: see
Iturbide
Ahab, King of Israel, 918-896 B. C:
concludes peace with Judah, 1, 390
Ahala, Roman dictator (4th century) :
defeats Celtic horde, 3, 64
Ahaz, King of Judah, 735-715 B. C:
seeks aid of Assyria, 1, 393; reign
of, 396
Ahaziah, King of Judah, 844-843 B.
C: death of, 1, 392
Ahenobarbus, Cnaeus Domitius (1st
century B. C), Roman statesman
and commander: nominee of An-
tonius, 4, 24
Ahenobarbus, Cnaeus Domitius (1st
century A. D.), a member of a
plebeian family of Rome to which
the Emperor Nero belonged: mar-
riage of, 4, 50
Ahluta, Empress of China, 1872-1875:
marriage of, 6, 230; death of, 237;
funeral of, 241
Ahmad Khan, Persian ruler, 1282-
1284: reign of, 5, 335
Ahmad Khan, Afghan chieftain (ca.
1750) : separates Afghanistan from
Persia, 5, 354
Ahmad Shah Durani (1 724-1 773),
Afghan leader, King of Afghan-
istan, 1747-1773: invades India, 5,
127; sketch of, 216
Ahmadnagar, Bombey, British India:
labor troubles of, 5, 78; captured by
Wellesley (1803), 201
Ahmadu, native African chief (ca.
1850): sketch of, 19, 148; concludes
treaty with the French, 149
Ahmed I (1589-1617), Sultan of Tur-
key, 1603-1617: reign of, 14, 209;
death of, 212
Ahmed II (1642-1695), Sultan of
GENERAL INDEX
17
Turkey, 1691-1695: reign of, 14, 260;
death of, 261
Ahmed III (1673-1736), Sultan of
Turkey, 1703-1730: reign of, 14, 273;
declares war with Russia, 15, 58;
Poniatowski influences, 16, 221;
driven from his throne, 14, 293, 13,
116
Ahmed (ca. 1500), son of Bayzid II:
intrigues for the succession, 14, 115;
resists sovereignty of the Sultan,
120
Ahmed Arabi, military adventurer in
Egypt (ca. 1880): rebellion of, 19,
267
Ahmed Feozy, Turkish Pasha (ca.
1840) : treachery of, 14, 436
Ahmed-ibu-Tulun, Egyptian viceroy
(ca. 870 A. D.): makes himself sul-
tan of Egypt, I, 35
Ahmed Kediik, Turkish captain (ca.
1475): subjugates the Crimea, 14,
84; his campaign in Italy, 86, 113
Ahmed Kiuprili: see Kiuprili Ahmed
Ahmed Pasha (ca. 1525), governor
of Egypt: revolt of, 14, 150
Ai, Judean city: conquered by He-
brews 1, 377
Ai, King of Egypt (ca. 1380 B. C):
reign of, I, 25
Aidan, Saint (d. 651 A. D.), English
bishop: his efforts to convert the
men of Northumberland, II, 35,
12, 36; labors among the Britains,
", 253
Aidian, (ca. 1400), Seljukian prince:
reinstated by Timur, 14, 52
Aiguillon, Armand Vignerot Duples-
sis Richelieu, Duke of, (1720-1782),
French politician, minister of for-
eign affairs under Louis XV, 1771
1774: his government of Brittany, 9,
248; reforms of, 249
Aigun, Manchuria, Chinese Empire:
occupied by Russia, 7, 285
Ailly, Pierre d\ (1350-1420), French
cardinal and theologian: believes
Indian ocean to be an inland sea,
33. 23
Airds Moss, Ayrshire, Scotland:
battle of (1669), 12, 348
Aisne, river in Northern France: bat-
tle of the (57 B. C), 9. 8
Aistulf, King of the Longobards,
749-756 A. D.: at war with the
Pope, 18, 76
Ait, coast of the Red Sea: purchased
by a Frenchman, 19, 56
Aitchison, Sir Charles Umphcrston
(1832-1896), English soldier in
Indian campaigns: sketch of, 5,
263; head of civil service inquiry
commission, 267
Aix: see Aquai Scxtiae
Aix-la-Chapelle, Prussia: made cap-
ital of Frankish empire, 9, 44;
Charlemagne removes court to, 18,
86; taken by Lothar of France, 116;
taken by the French, 356
Aix-la-Chapelle, Congress of, (1818)
a congress of the sovereigns of
Russia, Austria, and Prussia, min-
isters from Great Britain, France,
Austria, Russia, and Prussia, dic-
tated suppression of liberal ideas
in politics and religion: Russia's
part in, 15, 266
Aix-la-Chapelle, Treaties of: concluded
(1668) between the League (of Hol-
land, Sweden and England) and
France, 8, 381, 9, 209, II, 393, 13,
478, 18, 300; concluded (1748) as a
general peace between the powers
of Europe England, France, Aus-
tria, Prussia, Russia, etc., and end-
ing the war of the Austrian succes-
sion, 4, 336, 5, 179, 8, 412. 9, 240.
11, 488, 13, 256, 15, 141, 17. 242, 18,
332, 20, 85, 107, 23, 166, 167
Aiznadin, Arabia: battle of (7th cen-
tury A. D.), 1, 270
Ajit Singh, Prince of Rajputana
(1715): asserts his independence of
Mogul empire, 5, 126
Akamatsu Mitsusuke, ruler in Japan,
ca. 1440: rebellion of, 7, 95
Akbah: see Okbah
Akbar the Great (1 542-1605). Mogul
Emperor in India, 1556-1605: birth
of, 5, no; reign of, no; contem-
porary of Suleiman, 14, 145
Akbar, son of Aurangzeb (ca. 1680):
rebellion of, 5, 122
Ake, Yucatan, Mexico: battle of
(1527), 22, 424
Akechi Mitsuhide (ca. 1580): re-
18
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
warded with lands of Buddhist
priests, 7, ill; kills Oda Nobunaza,
112
Akerman, Treaty of (1826), con-
cluded between Russia and Tur-
key: account of, 14, 422; as cause
for Russo-Turkish war (1828-1829),
426; confirmed by Treaty of Ad-
rianople (1830), 14, 432, 15, 274
Akhalzikh, Caucasus, Russia: siege of
(1828), 15, 281
Akhoris (Hakar), King of Egypt, 4th
century B. C. : reign of, 1, 33
Akiamos, King of Lydia (prehis-
toric) : reign of, 1, 144
Akira, Prince (19th century): made
gijo, 7, 167
Akita, fortress in Japan: built, 7, 27
Akkadia, one of four cities of Nim-
rod's empire: philological connec-
tion with China, 6, 4
Akulcho, a Turkish fortress: taken
by Grabe, 15, 298
Akwei, Chinese general (18th cen-
tury) : ordered to avenge defeat in-
flicted by Burmese, 6, 93; his cam-
paign against the Miaotzu, 95
Ala, Samuel, King of Hungary, 1038:
reign of, 17, 50
Ala-ad-din Mohammed (13th cen-
tury), Persian ruler: provokes
quarrel with the Mongols, 5, 334
Alabama (means "here we rest"),
one of Southern States: admitted,
23, 442, 452; Georgia cedes to the
United States her claims to lands
in, 469; unrepresented in Second
Democratic national convention,
509; separated from Georgia, 24,
567; delegates withdraw from Dem-
ocratic convention, 679; secedes,
689; Confederates seize Fort Mor-
gan, 691; surrender of Confederate
forces in, 814; end of carpet bag
rule, 873; negro franchise, 873; yel-
low fever epidemic, 923
Alabama Affair, The (1861), 11, 622;
(1872), 13, 563
Alabama Claims: controversy, 24
881; settlement of, 883
Alabama Indians: location, 23, 8
Alaeddin, son of Othman I (14th cen-
tury) : becomes vizier of Orkhan,
14, 19
Alaeddin, Sultan of Iconium (ca.
1300) : aided by Erto-ghrul, 14, 9
Alais, Peace of (1629), a treaty be-
tween Louis XIV and the Protes-
tants of France, 9, 187
Alalia, Corsica: Phocaeans colonize
(541 B. C), 2, 125
Alamance, North Carolina: battle of
(1771), 23, 217
Alamo, The, Spanish mission, Mex-
ico: siege of (1836), 24, 533
Aland Islands, Finland: conquest of
the (1714), 15, 64
Alarcon, Spanish fortress: battle of
(ii95), 8, 99, 147, 204, 237
Alarcon, Francisco (ca. 1540), a Span-
ish explorer: explorations of, 22,
112; founds Bejar, 189
Alaric I, King of the Visigoths: born
about 350 A. D.; invaded Thrace,
Macedonia, and- other provinces,
395 A. D.; took Athens and entered
the Peloponnesus, 396 A. D.; from
which he was driven by Stilicho in
397 A. D.; invaded northern Italy,
402 A. D.; but was defeated at
Polentia and Verona; invaded Italy
a second time, 408 A. D.; and in-
vested Rome but was induced to
retire; returned in 410 A. D., cap-
tured and pillaged Rome; died at
Cosenza, 410 A. D.
Invades Greece, 2, 530; intrusted
with the protection of the person of
Gratian, 4, 134; invades Greece, 137;
invades Italy, 138; besieges Rome,
140; career of, 18, 35
Alaric II (d. 507 A. D.), King of the
Visigoths, 484-507 A. D.: defeat and
death of, 9, 20, 18, 47
Alaric (son of Euric), King of the
Goths, 483-506 A. D.: reign of, 8,
38
Alasco, John (1499-1560), a Polish
theologian: teachings of, 11, 268
Alaska, North America: history of,
305; ceded by Russia, 24, 878; seal
fisheries of, 979
Alaskan Boundary Dispute, 20, 307,
24, 1054
GENERAL INDEX
19
Alatorre (19th century), a Mexican
general: at the battle of Tecoac, aa,
406
Ala-ud-din, King of Delhi, ca. 1300:
career of, 5, 99
Alba, Italy: center of the Latin
League, 3, 9; conquered and de-
stroyed, 20; battle of, 59
Albagui, Austrian general (16th cen-
tury): attempts to reconcile the
Moriscos with Philip II of Spain,
8. 371
Alban (d. 303 A. D.), an English mar-
tyr: death, II, 14
Albanian League, (ca. 1880), 14, 492
Albany, New York: founded, ao, 64;
settled by Dutch, 33, 102; named,
104; Lincoln makes speech at, 24,
706; meeting of the Democracy,
816; popular respect to Lincoln's
remains, 827; Roosevelt resists po-
litical corruption in, 1068
Albany, Western Australia: founded,
ao, 187
Albany, John Stuart, Duke of (1481-
1536): regent of Scotland, ia, 301
Albany, Robert, Duke of (1 340-1 420)
regent of Scotland, 1389; rules Scot
land, ia, 287; death of, 291
Albany Regency, a clique of New
York politicians (1820-1854): in
politics, 23, 511
Albazin, China: destruction of fort
at, 6, 67
Albemarle, North Carolina: founded,
(1653), 33, 73
Albemarle, Duke of (Earl of Claren-
don) (17th century): made Caro-
lina proprietor, 33, 73
Albermarle, George Keppel, Earl of
(1709-1891), an English general and
writer: his expedition against Ha-
vana, ao, 118
Alberoni, Guilio (1664-1752), an Italian
statesman and cardinal: sketch of,
4. 338; negotiates marriage of
Philip V of Spain, 8, 404; intrigues
of, 8, 405, 15, 66; Goetz makes an
alliance with, 16, 223
Albert I (1250-1308), Holy Roman
Emperor. 1 298-1308: reign, 17, 101;
death of, 13, 364
Albert II (I397-M39). Holy Roman
Emperor, (I King of Hungary. V
Duke of Austria): his reign as duke
of Austria, 17, 105; conspiracy of,
18, 198; his reign as king of Bo-
hemia, 17, 142; his reign as king of
Hungary, 157
Albert I (1 250-1 308), King of Ger-
many, 1298-1308: receives Styria,
18, 181; accession of, 183
Albert II (1298-1358), King of Ger-
many: his campaigns against the
Hussites, 18, 208, 210; reign of, 17,
101. 18, 212
Albert I, King of Hungary: see
Albert II, Holy Roman Emperor
Albert of Mecklenburg (d. 1412),
King of Sweden, 1363-1395: chosen
king, 16, 108; joins alliance against
Denmark, 116; claims the Danish
throne, 119; defeated by Margaret,
121
Albert (III) with the Plaited Hair
(1365-1395), Duke of Austria: reign
of, 17, 105
Albert IV (1377- 1404), Duke of Aus-
tria, 1395-1404: reign of, 17, 105
Albert V, Duke of Austria: see Al-
bert II, Holy Roman Emperor
Albert VI (15th century), Duke of
Austria: his quarrels with Frederick
III of Germany, 18, 215
Albert (1559-1621), Archduke of Aus-
tria: made regent of Portugal, 8,
453; appointed governor-general of
the Netherlands, 13, 162; Philip II
of Spain cedes the Low Countries
to, 8, 363, 13, 164; marries Isabella
of Spain, 13, 165
Albert (18th century), Archduke of
Austria: his campaign in the
Franco-Austrian War, 9. 279
Albert (1817-1895), Archduke of Aus-
tria: at battle of Custozza (1866),
17. 392
Albert the Younger (late 14th cen-
tury), Duke of Mecklenburg: his
claim on the Danish throne, 16,
118, 119
Albert of Orlamunde (early 13th cen-
tury), Duke of North Albingia:
sketch of, 16, 85; his efforts to res-
cue Valdemar Sejr, 88
Albert VI (1424-1463), Duke of
20
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Styria: disputes the possession of
Austrian domains, 17, 108
Albert (1738-1822), Prince of Saxe-
Teschen: recalled from Belgium,
13, 260
Albert, Count of Austria, 1018-1056:
assisted by Conrad II in his war
with Stephen of Hungary, 18, 126
Albert the Bear (ca. 1106-1170),
Count of Brandenburg: career of,
18, 143, 149, 152
Albert, surnamed Alcibiades (1522-
1555), Margrave of Brandenburg:
defeat of, 18, 258
Albert (1490-1568), Margrave of
Brandenburg- Ansbach: sketch of,
15, 378
Albert the Degenerate (d. 1314),
Landgrave of Thuringia and Count
of Meissen: sells Thuringia and
Meissen, 18, 183
Albert (1490-1545), Archbishop of
Mayence: controls the sale of in-
dulgences in Germany, 18, 236
Albert of Saxe Meissen (late 15th
century), an Austrian general: his
campaign in the Netherlands, 13,
50; appointed stadtholder of Fries-
land, 51
Albert of Saxony (18th century):
marries Maria Christina of Aus-
tria, 17, 245
Albert Achilles (14 14-1486), Elector
of Brandenburg: wars of, 18, 214
Albert Francis Augustus Charles
Emmanuel, better known as Prince
Albert, Prince Consort of England:
born at Rosenau, near Colburg,
August 26, 1819; married Victoria,
Queen of England, February 10,
1840, and soon after became field
marshal in the British army; re-
ceived the title of Prince Consort
in 1857; died in London, December
14, 1861
Marries Queen Victoria, 11, 598;
death of, 622
Albert Nyanza, a lake in Central
Africa: discovered (1864), 19, 54
Albert Victor (1864-1892), Prince of
Wales: visits India, 5, 273
Alberta, Province of, Canada: created
and admitted to the Canadian union
(1882), 20, 170
Albertus Magnus, (1205-1280), Bishop
of Ratisbon: account of, 18, 178
Albigenses, War of the, a war be-
tween Church of Rome and anti-
sacerdotal sects in France (12th and
13th centuries): cause, 9, 77; battle
of Muret (1213), 78; treaty of Paris
(1229), 79; results, 79
Albinus, procurator of Judaea, 62-64
A. D.: government of, 1, 410
Albinus, Clodius (d. 197 A. D.), Ro-
man general: proclaimed emperor
by his troops (193 A. D.), 4, 100;
death, 101
Albinus, Spurius (4th century B. C.)>
a Roman consul: campaign against
Jugurtha, 3, 189
Albizi, Rinaldo degl' (15th century),
leader of the government of Flor-
ence, 4, 268
Al Bochari (6th century A. D.) : con-
secrates the Sunna, 1, 212
Alboin (d. 573), King of Lombards,
530-573: conquers northern Italy,
4, 163; defeats the Gepidae, 17, 17;
establishes his kingdom, 18, 51
Albret, Alain d' (15th century), Lord
of Beam: joins nobles against Anne
of Beaujeu, 9, 129
Albret, Constable d' (ca. 1415) : at bat-
tle of Agincourt, 9, in
Albuquerque, Brazil: taken by the
Paraguayans (1864), 21, 157
Albuquerque, Don (14th century), a
Spanish minister: career of, 8, 162
Albuquerque, Alfonso de (1452-1515),
a Portugese navigator: his voyage
to India, 5, 148, 8, 327; made vice-
roy of India, 5, 149, 8, 329; his ad-
ministration in India, 20, 41; esti-
mate of, 46; founds the Portu-
guese empire in the East, 23, 25
Albuquerque, Francisco de (ca. 1500),
a Portuguese navigator: voyage to
India, 8, 327
Albuquerque, Francisco Fernandez de
la Cueva, Duke of (17th century):
made viceroy of New Spain, 16,
170; his administration as viceroy
of New Spain, 186
GENERAL INDEX
31
Alcazar Seguer (Alcazar-Scgucr),
Spain: siege of (1457). * 35; bat-
tle of (1578). 445
Alcacar do Sal, Portugal: sieges of
(i 158), 8, 275; (1217), 278
Alcaeus, (7th century B. C): Lisbian
poet, a, 115
Alcala de Henares, University of:
founded, 8, 342
Alcassim ben Hamad (nth century),
a Mohammedan ruler: at war with
Solyman, 8, 80; seizes throne of
Cordova, 81
Alcibiades, an Athenian politician and
general: born at Athens about 450
B. C; educated in the house of
Pericles; was a pupil and companion
of Socrates; began his political ca-
reer in 421 B. C. ; commanded expe-
dition against Syracuse, 415 B. C;
was accused of sacrilege and con-
demned to death but escaped to
Sparta, 415 B. C, where he aided
in operations against Athens; be-
came an object of suspicion in
Sparta and fled from there to the
Persian camp, 412 B. C; com-
manded the Athenian fleet at the
battles of Abydos (411 B. C.) and
of Cyzicus (410 B. C); returned in
triumph to Athens, 407 B. C. ; was
again exiled 406 B. C; sought ref-
uge in Phrygia where he was assas-
sinated 404 B. C.
Character of, 2, 322; tricks thw
Spartan ambassadors, 323; advo-
cates the Sicilian expedition, 329; ac-
cused of sacrilege, 331; flies to
Sparta, 335; goes to Asia, 352; joins
Tissaphernes, 354; conspires with
Athenian oligarchs, 355; recalled
from exile, 359; his naval victories,
364-366; enters Athens in triumph,
367; banished, 370; murdered, 384
Alcock, Sir Rutherford, (1800-1897),
English diplomatist: consul to
China, 6. 145
Alcohol: trade in, made a state mo-
nopoly in Switzerland, 13, 578; agi-
tation against the sale of, in Africa,
19, 254; tax on, abolished in the
United States, 24, 1083
Alcolea Bridge, Cordova, Spain: bat-
tle of (1868), 8, 508
Alcoraz, Spain: battle of (1006), 8,
232
Alcorto, Josl Figueros: succeeds to
the presidency of Argentina (1906),
ai, 257
Alcuin (735-804 A. D.), English pre-
late and scholar: at the court of
Charlemagne, 18, 86
Aldfrid, King of Northumbria, 685-
705: educated in Ireland, 12, 34
Aledran, Spanish captain (ca. 840 A.
D.), count of Barcelona: reign of,
8, 222
Alegre, Manuel M., contemporary
Mexican writer: sketch of, 22, 420
Alemanni, a German race of Suevic
origin dating from 3rd century A.
D.: origin and location of, 18,
27; plunder Roman territory, and
are repulsed, 17, 15, 18, 29; de-
feated by the Franks (496 A. D.),
18, 47
Alembert, Jean Baptiste le Rond d'.
(1717-1783), noted French mathe-
matician, philosopher and author:
invited to Russia, 15, 197
Alencon, Francois, Duke of (1554-
1584) brother of Henry III of
France: joins Protestants, 9, 159,
13. 131: his campaign against the
Protestants (1577), 160; plans mar-
riage with Elizabeth of England,
11, 287, 292; death of, 9, 161, 11,
293
Aleppo, Asiatic Turkey: surrenders to
the Saracens (638 A. D.), I> 284,
369; battle of (1516). 14, 129
Alesia, central Gaul ( France): siege
of (52 B. C). 3. 306, 9. 11
Alessandria, northern Italy: building
and growth of, 4, 195, 18, 152; rev-
olution of the Carbonari. 4, 355
Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Tus-
cany, P-I537: made Duke, 4, 306
Aletes, (7th century B. C): King of
Corinth, 2, 92
Aleutian Islands, north Pacific Ocean:
Russian rights in, 24, 980; inhab-
itants of, 23, 17
Alexander II, Pope 1061-1073: op-
22
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
poses Henry IV of Germany, 18,
132
Alexander III, Pope 1159-1181: at-
tempts to reconcile Henry II of
England and Thomas a Becket, iz,
102; his quarrel with Frederick Bar-
barossa, 18, 151, 153
Alexander IV, Pope 1254-1261: sup-
ports claims of Alfonso X to the
imperial dignity, 8, 153; attempts to
secure freedom of Boniface, Count
of Savoy, 4, 274; issues a bull
against Alfonso III of Portugal,
8, 282; Erlandsen appeals to, 16, 96
Alexander V, Pope 1409-1410: chosen
Pontiff, 17, 122, 18, 201
Alexander VI, Pope 1492-1503:
worldly tendency of, 4, 285; issues
the Bulls of Demarcation, 5, 146,
23, 32; refuses to sanction the
Kuttenberg Agreement and the
Compactato, 17, 148; his connection
with the custody of Prince Djem,
14, 112; grants bull to Ferdinand
and Isabella, 21, 14; conflict with
Savonarola, 4, 282; grants divorce
to Louis XII of France from
Jeanne, 9, 132; grants bull to king
of Portugal giving him authority in
the East, 5, 148, 21, 13
Alexander II, King of Egypt: see
Ptolemy XII
Alexander I, King of Macedonia, ca.
500-480 B. C: reign of, 2, 184; at
Athens, 207
Alexander (III) the Great, King of
Macedonia: born at Pella, Mace-
donia, 356 B. C; was a pupil of
Aristotle; regent of Macedonia, 340
B. C; won the battle of Chaeroneia,
338 B. C; succeeded to the throne,
336 B. C. ; subjugated Thrace and
Ulyria, 335 B. C; destroyed Thebes
and all other opposition in Greece,
335 B. C.; gained the battles
of Granicus (334 B. C.) and of
Issus (333 B. C); captured Tyre
and Gaza, 332 B. C; occupied
Egypt and founded Alexandria, 332
B. C.; defeated the Persians at Ar-
bela, 331 B. C; conquered the east-
ern provinces of Persia, 330-327 B.
C; invaded India, 326 B. C; re-
turned to Persia, 325-324 B. C.; died
at Babylon, 323 B. C.
At Chaeroneia, 2, 477; his char-
acter, 483; quarrels with his father,
481; receives Celtic deputies, 17, 10;
campaigns in the north, 2, 485; con-
quers Thebes, 486; wins battle of
the Granicus, 489; conquers Asia
Minor, 1, 403, 2, 490; wins Issus,
492; besieges Tyre, 1, 125, 2, 493;
in Egypt, 1, 33, 2, 495, 19, 9; wins
Arbela, 2, 496; conquers Babylon,
497; invades the Persian Empire,
1, 168; burns Persepolis, 2, 498; in-
vades the Eastern satrapies, 499;
significance of his conquest of
western Asia, 14, 3; slays Cleitus,
2, 499; slays Philotas, 501; in India,
2, 501, 5, 67; his return march, 2,
502; plans of, 503; death of, 505
Alexander (1461-1506), King of Po-
land and Lithuania: his wars with
Ivan the Great, 15, 13; reign of,
379
Alexander I (1777-1825), Emperor of
Russia 1801-1825; birth of, 15, 175;
at Potemkin's reception, 185; ac-
cession of, 9, 318, 15, 209; intrigues
of, 18, 364; his treaty with Eng-
land, 16, 256; his relations with
Napoleon, 15, 213; his meeting with
Napoleon at Tilsit, 18, 373; signs
Peace of Tilsit, 8, 485, 14, 403; asks
aid of England against France, 11,
559; supports Prussia against
France, 14, 396; his relations with
Sweden, 16, 251, 254; opposes Na-
poleon, 18, 379; his reactionary pol-
icy, 15, 264; his relations with the
Eastern Question, 17, 324; death of,
15, 269, 17, 325; succeeded by Nich-
olas I, 14, 422
Alexander (II) Nikolaievitch Ro-
manov, surnamed the Liberator,
Emperor of Russia: born April 29,
1818; his education was entrusted
almost entirely to native Russians;
succeeded to the throne, March 2,
1855; emancipated the serfs, 1861;
crushed the Polish rebellion, 1863;
adopted a reactionary policy, 1870;
carried on war with Turkey, 1877-
1878; the Nihilists made five at-
GENERAL INDEX
M
tempts on his life, the last one of
which succeeded and he died at St.
Petersburg, March ij, 1887
Accession of, II, 617, 14, 458;
reign of, 15, 321; liberal policy of,
14. 4731 influence of his policy, 8,
404; in Russo-Turkish War, 14,
482; assassination of, 15. 339
Alexander III (1845-1894), Emperor
of Russia 1883-1894: reign of, 15,
341; death of, 14, 495. *5. 344
Alexander I, King of Scotland 1 107-
1124: reign of, 12, 261
Alexander II (1198-1249), King of
Scotland 1214-1249: reign of, 12,
267
Alexander III (1241-1286), King of
Scotland 1249-1286: reign of, 12,
268; defeats the Norwegians, 16,
100; death of, 11, 146
Alexander (late 18th century), Arch-
duke of Austria, son of Leopold 11,
Holy Roman Emperor: made count
palatine, 17, 331
Alexander (1857-1893), Prince of Bat-
tenberg: account of, 14, 492; de-
feats Servians at Slivinitza, 404;
deposition of, 15, 342
Alexander I, Prince of Bulgaria: see
Alexander, Prince of Battenberg
Alexander (early 19th century), a
Georgian prince: revolt of, 5, 358
Alexander (early 18th century),
Prince of Imeretia: at the battle of
Narva, is, 39
Alexander, Lord: see Scanderbeg
Alexander, Lord of the Isles (early
15th century), a Scottish chief: at
war with James, 12, 291
Alexander: see Paris
Alexander, The English: see Hen-y
V, King of England
Alexander, Barton Stone (1819-1878),
an American military engineer and
officer: in the Mexican War, 22,
349
Alexander, William (1567?- 1640),
Earl of Stirling: plans settlement
of Nova Scotia, 12, 334, 20, 83
Alexander Balas, King of Syria, ca.
150 B. C: rebels against Deme-
trius I of Syria. I, 406
Alexander Jannaeus (ca. 104-28 B. C),
High Priest of Jerusalem: reign of,
1. 407. 3. 273
Alexander Karageorgevitch ( 1806-
1885), Prince of Servia: becomes
prince of Servia, 14, 443; deposed.
465
Alexander Nevski, Saint (1219-1263),
Grand Prince of Novgarod: defeats
the Swedes, 15, 10
Alexander of Pherae (4th century B.
C.), a Greek tyrant: his wars with
Thebes, 2, 443, 444; murdered, 448
Alexander the Molossian (d. 332 B.
C.), uncle of Alexander the Great:
his campaign in southern Italy, 3,
68
Alexander I Land, a region in the
South Polar lands: discussed, 16,
333
Alexandria (Uchh), Egypt: founded,
I. 33, 2, 495, 5, 69; influence of, 3,
137; Greek prominence in, 2, 513;
sends embassy to Rome (273 B.
C.) 3, 85; insurrection of, 3. 352;
captured by the Persians (619 A.
D.), 1, 35, 294; captured by the
Arabs (641 A. D.), 1, 35, 2, 533;
becomes mart of Indian trade, 5,
140; surrenders to Napoleon, (1798),
1, 37. 14. 380; siege of, 9. 317, 11,
551; bombarded by English (1882),
1, 40, 14, 496, 19, 267; fate of
library at, 1. 296
Alexandria, Virginia: colonial gov-
ernors meet at (1755), 23, 176; plun-
dered by British, 427; Federal
troops take possession, 24, 731
Alexandro-eschata, Asia: founded, 2,
500
Alexei: see Alexis
Alexiev, Russian admiral: made vice-
roy of the far East (1903), 6, 311;
concludes treaty with Tsang-chi, 7,
286; his power in Korea, 15, 349;
and the far east, 359
Alexis (ca. 1629-1676), Czar of Mus-
covy 1645-1676: reign of, 15, 21
Alexis (19th century), a Russian
prince: visits Japan. 7, 191
Alexis Comnenus (1048-11 18), Byzan-
tine Emperor, 1081-1118: his treat-
ment of the Crusaders, 9, 70; visited
by Sigurd. 16, 97
24
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Alexis Mikhaiovich (1629-1676), Em-
peror of Russia: disclaims respon-
sibility over the Cossacks, 14, 229
Alexis Nikolaivitch (1904 ), Tsar-
evitch of Russia: birth of, 15, 360
Alexis Petrovitch (1690-1718), a Rus-
sian prince: birth of, 15, 30, 31;
career of, 74
Alexis of Palermo (ca. 1650) : at-
tempts to free Sicily from Spanish
rule, 4, 323
Alfaro, Eloy: his administration as
ruler of Ecuador (1895-1901), 31,
244
Alfarrobeira, Spain: battle of (ca.
1450), 8, 313
Alfieri, Vittorio (1 749-1803), cele-
brated Italian dramatist: sketch of,
4, 338
Alfonso I, King of Aragon 1104-
1134: defeats Abu Giafar, 8, 91;
his campaigns against Moors, 95;
at war with Leon and Castile, 144;
accession to throne of Navarre, 201;
accession to throne of Aragon,
233; death of, 145
Alfonso II (1152-1196), King of Ara-
gon 1163-1196: reign of, 8, 236
Alfonso (Alphonso) III (1265-1291),
King of Aragon 1285-1291: recog-
nized as king, 9, 86; reign of, 8,
246; gives up claims to Sicily, 4,
258; his Neopolitan war, 263
Alfonso IV ( 1 299-1 336), King of Ara-
gon 1327-1336: reign of, 8, 249
Alfonso (V) the Wise (1385-1458),
King of Aragon: attempts to recon-
cile Juan I of Navarre and his son,
8, 214; reign of, 262
Alfonso (I) the Catholic, King of
Asturias and Leon 739-756: reign
of, 8, 131
Alfonso (II) the Chaste, King of
Asturias and Leon 791-842: revolt
of, 8, 72; reign of, 132
Alfonso (III) the Great, King of
Asturias and Leon 866-910: at war
with Mohammed I, 8, 74; reign of,
134
Alfonso (IV) the Monk, King of
Asturias and Leon 924-932: reign
01, 8, 136
Alfonso V, King of Asturias and
Leon 999-1028: reign of, 8, 138;
death of, 272
Alfonso VIII (also reckoned as IX)
(1155-1214), King of Castile 1158-
1214: at battle of Alarcon, 8, 99;
reign of, 146
Alfonso IX, King of Leon 1 188-1230:
reign of, 8, 147; marries Teresa of
Portugal, 277
Alfonso (VI) the Valiant (1030-
1109), King of Leon and Castile:
at war with the Mohammedans, 8,
87; accession to throne of Leon,
142; accession to throne of Castile,
143; his conquests in Portugal, 272
Alfonso VII, King of Leon and Cas-
tile: see Alfonso I, King of Aragon
Alfonso VIII (Alfonso Raymond)
(1106-1157), King of Leon and Cas-
tile 1126-1157: his campaigns
against the Saracens, 8, 96; reduces
Baeza, 97; made lord of Galicia,
143; his invasions of Navarre, 202;
forms alliance with Raymundo of
Aragon, 236; reign of, 145
Alfonso (X) el Sabio (1221-1284),
King of Leon and Castile 1252-
1282: reign of, 8, 108, 152; elected
king of Germany, 18, 171
Alfonso XI (d. 1350), King of Leon
and Castile 1312-1350: besieges
Gibraltar, 8, 112; campaign of,
against Moors, 115; reign of, 158;
at war with Alfonso IV of Portu-
gal, 284
Alfonso I, King of Naples: see Al-
fonso V, King of Aragon
Alfonso II (1448-1495), King of Na-
ples 1494-1495: reign of, 8, 209;
at war with Charles VIII of
France, 9, 130; abdication of, 131
Alfonso I (1110-1185), King of Portu-
gal 1139-1185: reign of, as Count of
Portugal, 8, 273; accession of, 97;
reign of, 274
Alfonso II ( 1 185-1223), King of
Portugal 1211-1223: reign of, 8, 278
Alfonso III (1210-1279), King of
Portugal 1248-1279: made regent, 8,
280; reign of, 281
Alfonso (IV) the Brave (1290-1357),
GENERAL INDEX
M
King of Portugal 1325-1357: rebel-
lion of, 8, 283; reign of, 284
Alfonso V (1432-1481), King of
Portugal 1438-1481: aids Castilian
rebellion, 8, 184; reign of, 310
Alfonso VI (1643-1683), King of
Portugal 1656-1667: reign of, 8, 464
Alfonso XII (King of Hulan) (1857-
1885), King of Spain 1875-1885:
birth of, 8, 506; reign of, 514
Alfonso XIII (1886 ), King of
Spain: reign of, 8, 517, 521
Alfonso (d. 1400), Prince of Portugal,
son of Joam II; marries Isabella
of Castile, 8, 324; death of, 324
Alfonso, Count of Portugal: see Al-
fonso I, King of Portugal
Alfonso Henriques (early 14th cen-
tury), an illegitimate brother of
Alfonso IV of Portugal: takes up
arms against Alfonso IV, 8, 284
Alfred (iElfred, Aelfred, Alured or
Alvred) the Great, King of the
West Saxons: born in Berkshire,
848 or 849 A. D.; succeeded to the
throne, 871 A. D.; attacked and
routed the Danes at Eddington in
878 A. D.; he improved the Eng-
lish navy, rebuilt cities and forts,
established schools, compiled a code
of laws, and reformed the adminis-
tration of justice; he was a scholar
as well as a patron of learning and
translated several works from Latin
into Anglo-Saxon; he was recog-
nized as king over all England
about 893 A. D.; he defeated the
Northmen who had again invaded
the kingdom in 894 A. D.; died at
Winchester, October 28, 901 A. D.
Reign of, II, 43; his translation
of Orosius, 16, 7, 299; his treaty
with Guthrum, 15; death of, II, 45
Alfredo, Joao, Brazilian patriot
(1800): overthrow of his ministry,
ai, 252
Algeciras: see Algeziras
Algeciras Conference (1905-1906), an
international conference held in
Spain to settle the supremacy of
France or Spain in Morocco, 16,
290, 19, 246
Alger, Russell Alexander 11836 ),
American politician and general:
candidate for Presidential nomina-
tion, 34, 965; criticised for use of
" embalmed beef," 1034
Algeria, northern Africa: conquered
by France, 19, 47; under French
rule, 19, 262, 20, 280
Algeziras, Spain: siege of (1342-1343),
8, 115, 209
Algiers, sea-port in northern Africa:
taken by Khaireddin Barbarossa,
14, 161; taken by the French (1830),
432; treaty with the United States,
33. 364, 394
Algiers, Louisiana: fired by Confed-
erates, 34, 751
Algonquian Indians, North America:
independent of other families, 23,
7; translation of Bible into their
language, 97; hostility of, toward
Iroquois, 175; join in conspiracy of
Pontiac, 199
Algonquin Indians: see Algonquian
Algotsson, Bengal (ca. 1350), Scandi-
navian courtier: Erik demands exile
of, 16, 108
Alhakem (I) ben Abdelemlic, Caliph
of Cordova 796-821 A. D.: reign of,
8, 72
Alhakem (II) ben Abderahman,
Caliph of Cordova 961-976 A. D.:
reign of, 8, 78
Alhambra, The, citadel and palace
founded in the 13th century above
the city of Granada, Spain, by the
Moorish kings: building of, 8, no;
captured by the Christians, 150
Alhange, Spain: siege of (917 A. D.),
8, 135
Alhaur ben Abderahman, Arab sheik
(ca. 700 A. D.): made emir of
Spain, 8, 63
Ali (600-661 A. D.), son of Abu Talib.
an adopted son of Mohammed: ac-
cepts doctrine of Mohammed, 1,
218; called the Lion of God, 229;
sketch of, 240; acknowledges Abu
Bekr as Mohammed's successor,
242; made caliph, 243, 245; reign
of, 5. 326
Ali Beg Widaitsh (ca. 1800), Turkish
26
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Janissary: allies with Dahis of Bel-
grade, 14, 388, 390
AH ben Hamad, Arab Governor in
Africa, ca. 1000 A. D.: at war with
Solyman, 8, 80; proclaimed king of
Mohammedan Spain, 81
Ali ben Yussef (1084-1144), Almo-
ravid ruler in Spain 1107-1144: reign
of, 8, 91
Ali Bey (ca. 1728-1773), Mameluke
chief, sultan of Egypt, 1768-1773:
reign of, 1, 37; promotes rebellion
in Africa against Portugal, 19, 39
Ali Damad, Grand Vizier (ca. 1700) :
campaign of, 18, 319
Ali Kumurgi: see Ali Damad
Ali Moldowandji, Grand Vizier of
Turkey (ca. 1750) : succeeds Emin
Mohammed, 14, 324
Ali Murad, shah of Persia, ca. 1750:
reign of, 5, 355
Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier of Turkey:
see Aali Pasha
Ali Pasha, Turkish general (ca. 1339) :
campaign in Bulgaria, 14, 34
Ali Pasha (1741-1822), Turkish gen-
eral: became pasha of Janina (1788),
2, 541; wins cities from the French
(1798), 14, 384; sketch of, 414, 415;
rebellion of, 15, 218
Ali Vardi (ca. 1750), nawab of Ben-
gal: defeats the Bhonslas, 5, 133;
usurps the throne, 182
Alibaud, Louis (1810-1836), French
fanatic: attempts to assassinate
Louis Philippe, 9, 409
Alicante, eastern Spain: siege of
(1691), 8, 384
Alice (Alice of Hesse), Empress of
Russia, 1894-1906: marriage of, 15,
345
Alien Act, authorizing President for
period of two years to expel from
country any dangerous alien (1800):
Federalists enact, 23, 377
Aligarh, British India: battle of
(1803), 201
Alikun, Chinese general (ca. 1770), 6,
93
Aliso, ancient Germany: founded, 18,
14
Aliwal, British India: battle of (1846),
5, 221
Aljubarota, Portugal: battle of (1385),
8, 174, 299
Alkassim ben Abdalla, Arab chief (ca.
900 A. D.): rebellions of, 8, 76
Alkimus, high priest of Judah (ca.
160 B. C.): reign of, 1, 406
Alkmaar, North Holland: battle of
(1799), 10, 407; siege of (1573), 13,
114
" All of Oregon or none," election cry
(1846), 24, 543
Allatoona, northern Georgia: John-
ston falls back to, 24, 794
Allegheny River, chief stream of Ohio
River: bounds French claims, 23,
168
Allemanni: see Alemanni
Allen, Charles Herbert (1848 ),
American banker: first United
States governor of Porto Rico, 24,
1041
Allen, Ethan, an American general:
born at Litchfield, Conn., January
io 1737; became owner of iron-
works at Salisbury, Conn., and in
1766 removed to Vermont; here he
became a leader in the popular re-
sistance to the province of New
York; the latter declared him an
outlaw and offered a reward of
$150 for his arrest; he favored the
outbreak of the Revolution; sur-
prised and captured Fort Ticonder-
oga, May 10, 1775, with a force of
only eighty-three men; attacked
Montreal Sept. 25, 1775 with a small
force but was captured and sent to
England; he was treated with great
fcruelty and not exchanged until
1778; he died near Burlington, Vt.,
February 12, 1789
Captures Ticonderoga and Crown
Point, 23, 228
Allen, William (1 532-1 594), English
cardinal and controversialist: founds
seminary for Catholic missionaries
to England, ix, 291
Allende (San Miguel el Grande),
Mexico: founded, 22, 117
Allende, Ignacio ( 1 779-181 1), Mexican
patriot and captain in the Spanish
army: in the rebellion of Hidalgo,
22, 238
GENERAL INDEX
n
Allia, small river in Latiuin. Italy:
battle of the (390 B.C.), 3. 59
Allobroges, a Celtic people of south-
eastern Gaul: attack Hannibal (218
B. C), 3, 115
Alma, river in the Crimea, Russia:
battle of the (1854), 9, 446, II, 615,
14. 455, 13, 312
Almagro, Diego de (1475-1538), a
Spanish soldier, one of the conquer-
ors of Peru: career of, 21, 18;
death of, 24
Almamon (786-833 A. D.), Caliph of
Bagdad 813-833: extravagance of, I,
343; aids literature and learning,
345; foreign relations of, 352
Almamun Abu Ali, Mohammedan
ruler (ca. 1200) : reign of, 8, 102
Almansor: see Mohammed ben Ab-
dalla
Almanza, Spain: battle of (1707), 8,
398, 9, 233. 13, 251
Almanza, Martin Enriquez de, Span-
ish official (ca. 1550): his adminis-
tration as viceroy of New Spain, 22,
128; made viceroy of Peru, 131
Almeida, Francisco d', (ca. 1450-
1510), Portuguese commander:
made viceroy of the Indies, 5, 148,
8, 328, 20, 41
Almenara, Spain: battle of (17 10), 8,
399
Almeria, Spain: siege of (1146), 8, 236
Almohades, a Mohammedan dynasty
in northern Africa and Spain, gain-
ing power about the middle of the
twelfth century: established in
Spain, 8, 97
Almonacid, Spain: battle of (1809), 9,
337
Almondhir ben Mohammed (ca. 880
A. D.): campaigns of, against Omar,
8, 75; reign of, 75
Almonte, Juan Nepomuceno (1812-
1869), Mexican general: member of
provisional government, 22, 387
Almoravides, Don Garcia de, Spanish
rebel (ca. 1250): rebellion of, 8, 208
Almos, King of Croatia: accession of
(1000), 17, 51; dethroned, 52;
blinded, 53
Almunecar, Spain: battles of (755 A.
D.), 8, 68; (1014), 80
Alne, England: battle of the (1093),
12, 258
Alnwick, England: battle of (1174),
11. 108
Alomaeonidae, a noble family of
Athens, which came from Messenia
about 1 100 B. C: curse of the, 2,
100
Alonzo, Mariano Roque (ca. 1850),
a consul of Paraguay: granted
executive power in Paraguay, 21,
155
Alonzo, Severo (ca. 1890), South
American statesman: president of
Bolivia, 21, 243
Aloros of Babylon, mythical king of
Babylonia: reign of, I, 73
Alost, Belgium: siege of (1576), 13,
121
Alp Arslau (1029-1072), the Conquer-
ing Lion, king of Seljuks, 1063-1073:
reign of, 5, 320; Seljukian power
under, 14, 10
Alphabet: invention of the Phoeni-
cians, I, 121, 2, 27
Alphonso: see Alfonso
Al Raxid ben Mohammed (nth cen-
tury), a Mohammedan prince: ad-
vises alliance with Alfonso VI of
Leon, 8, 89
Alsace, a former government of east-
ern France: given to Burgundy, 13,
405
Alsace-Lorraine, an imperial territory
of German empire: description of,
426 note
Alsatia: occupied by Marshal Horn,
18, 285
Alsina, Valentin (ca. 1850), South
American soldier: appointed cap-
tain-general of Buenos Ayres, 21,
128
Altamirano, Eulogio (ca. 1870), Chil-
ean statesman: Minister of the In-
terior and of Foreign Affairs, 21,
227
Altamsh (d. 1236), King of Delhi:
reign of, 5, 97
Alten, Count d' (1764-1840), a Han-
overian commander: policy of, in
Belgium, 13, 260
Altgeld, John P., Governor of Illinois
(ca. 1894): pardons anarchists, 24,
28
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
962; protests against Cleveland's
sending troops to Chicago, 1003
Althorp, Lord: see Spencer, John
Charles, Earl Spencer
Altman (ca. 1870), a Norwegian ex-
plorer: explorations of, 16, 315
Altmark, Truce of (1629), a truce be-
tween Sweden and Poland, 16, 189
Alton, Illinois: abolition riot, 24, 575
Altranstadt, Treaty of, a treaty be-
tween Charles XII of Sweden and
Emperor Joseph I (1706), 15, 46, 16,
219
Alva, Fernando Alvarez de Toledo,
Duke of (1508-1582), Spanish gen-
eral: campaigns in Italy, 8, 354; in
the Low Countries, 359; governor
of the Netherlands, II, 285; his
campaign in Italy, 13, 70; in the
Netherlands, 104; sketch of, 106;
death of, 115
Alvara Nunez de Lara, Count (d.
1219) : regent of Castile, 8, 149
Alvarado, Pedro de (1485-1541), Span-
ish cavalier and explorer: returns to
Cuba with report of Mexican dis-
coveries, 22, 5; joins Cortez, 10;
commands in the City of Mexico,
31; at the siege of Mexico, 52; his
expeditions against the Zapotecs,
and against Guatemala, 66, 429;
conquers Salvador, 439
Alvarez, Juan (1 780-1 867), a Mexican
general: elected president, 22, 382
Alvaro de Luna (ca. 1425), a Spanish
noble: made constable, 8, 176; fate
of, 179
Alvear, Gaspar, Governor of Durango
(ca. 1620) : crushes Indian insurrec-
tion, 22, 152
Alverstone, Lord (1842 ), a chief
justice of England: in Alaskan
boundary commission, 24, 1055
Alves, Francisco Rodriguez, president
of Brazil 1902-1906: election, 21,
255
Alviano, Bartholomew (1455-1515),
general of Republic of Venice: de-
fends Venice, 4, 292
Alvinczy (Alvinzi), Joseph, Baron von
Barberek (1735-1810), an Austrian
general: his campaigns against Na-
poleon, 9, 301; defeated at Areola
and Rivoli, 17, 282; sketch of, 332
Alxaman (8th century A. D.), a Mo-
hammedan general: his campaign
against the Christians, 8, 129
Alyattes III (610-568 B. C), King of
Lydia: reign of, 1, 145, 2, 116
Amadas, Philip (16th century), an
English explorer: explores Virginia,
23, 53
Amadeus I (1845-1890), King of Spain,
1871-1873: reign of, 8, 512
Amadeus I (ca. 1048), Count of Sa-
voy: reign of, 4, 272
Amadeus II, Count of Savoy 1060:
reign of, 4, 272
Amadeus III (1103-1146), Count of
Savoy: reign of, 4, 273
Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy 1233-
1253: reign of, 4, 273
Amadeus (V) the Great, Count of
Savoy 1285-1323: reign of, 4, 274
Amadeus VI, surnamed Count Verde,
Count of Savoy, 1343-1383: reign of,
4. 275
Amadeus VII, surnamed Count Rosso,
Count of Savoy 1383-1391: reign of,
4, 277
Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy: see
Felix V, Pope
Amager, an island of Denmark: sketch
of the peasants of, 16, 190
Amakusa, Japan: battle of (1638), 7,
137
Amalaric (ca. 520 A. D.), Gothic king:
establishes his court in Spain, 8, 39;
marries Clotilda, 40; reign of, 9, 25,
18, 48; under guardianship of Theo-
doric, 47
Amalasontha (ca. 525 A. D.), Mother
of Athalaric: career of, 4, 159; re-
gency of, 18, 48
Amalasunta: see Amalasontha
Amaral, Signor (ca. 1850), governor
of Macao, China: murdered at Ma-
cao, 6, 146
Amasis: see Aahmes
Amassia, Asia Minor: annexed by
Bayezid, 14, 38
Amat, Antonio (ca. 1760), a Spanish
viceroy to South America: sketch
of, 21, 50
GENERAL INDEX
29
Amaziah, King of Judah 797-792 B.
C: reign of, I, 395
Amazon, A New Peruvian Route to
the Plain of the, ai, 305
Amazon River, principal river in
South America: mouth of, discov-
ered (1500), ai, 15; explored, 25;
opened to the commerce of the
world (1867), 178
Ambato, Compact of, a constitution
for Ecuador: concluded (1835), ai,
108; abolished, 109
Ambiorix (1st century B. C). King of
the Eburones: leader of Gallic re-
bellion, 3, 305; at war with Rome,
9, 9
Amboise, Conspiracy of (1560), a
conspiracy of Huguenots to seize
Francis II, 9, 151
Amboise, Convention of (1563), a
treaty between French Catholics
and Huguenots, 9, 154
Amboyna, one of Molucca Islands:
captured by the Dutch (1603), 13,
168; massacre of (1623), 5, 154, 162,
13, 221, ao, 143; annexed to British
empire, 5, 205, 20, 59
Ambracia, Greece: at war with Ath-
ens, a, 300; garrisoned by Philip,
480; rebels against Alexander, 485
Ambrister (ca. 1800), a British settler
in America: executed, 33, 444
Ambrones, a German tribe: location
of, 17, 11
Ambrose, St. (340-397 A. D.), Bishop
of Milan 374-397: receives the sub-
mission of Theodosius the Great, a,
528; his influence over Gratian, 4,
132; his services to Valentinian, 134
Ameinias of Pallene (ca. 480 B. C),
an Athenian Trierarch, a, 203
Amelon, King of Babylonia (antedi-
luvian): reign of, 1, 73
Amendments: see Constitution
Amen-em-hat I (ca. 2000 B. C), King
of Egypt: reign of, 1, 18, 19
Amenophis (Amen-hotep) II, King of
Knypt, 1447 B. C. : reign of, I, 23
Amenophis III, King of Egypt, 15th
century B. C: reign of, 1, 24
Amenophis IV (Khu-en-Aten), King
of Egypt ca. 1400 B. C. : reign of, I,
24; loses Palestine, 375
Ament, Dr American missionary,
1900: in China, 6, 300
America: first use of the name, aj,
35
America, North: see North America
America, South: sec South America
America, The Demosthenes of: see
Webster, Daniel
America, The Fabius of: see Wash-
ington, George
America, The Gibraltar of: see Que-
bec
America, The Wolf of: see Montgom-
ery, Richard
American Anti-Slavery Society
(1833): organized, 34, 574
American Colonization Society :
founded (1817), 24. 571
American Party, The: see Know-
Nothing Party
American System: origin, 33, 354
Amerigo Vespucci: see Vespucci,
Amerigo
Ames, Fisher (1758-1808), an Ameri-
can statesman: in first Congress,
33, 342
Ames, Oakes (1804-1873), Represent-
ative from Massachusetts: censured
by Congress, 34, 896
Amherst, Jeffrey, Baron (1 717-1797),
an English soldier: his expedition
against Louisburg, ao, 117, 33, 188;
made commander-in-chief of British
forces in America, 192; captures
Crown Point and Ticonderoga, 193;
captures Montreal, 197
Amherst, William Pitt Amherst, Ba-
ron ( 1 773-1857): his governor-gen-
eralship of India, 5, 209; sent as
ambassador to Peking, 6, 120
Amiens, France: taken by the Span-
ish, 13, 164
Amiens, Mise of, award pronounced
by Louis IX (1264), 11, 140
Amiens, Treaty of, a treaty between
Great Britain on one side and
France, Spain and Batavian Repub-
lic on the other (1802), 5, 197. 8.
483. 9. 3i8, 10, 444, 11. 552, 13, 267,
5 1 8, 33. 396, 405
Aminadab, Israel: shelters the ark, 1,
381
Amiot, Father (1718-1794), French
30
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Jesuit missionary and Orientalist:
expelled from Peking, 6, 117
Amirantes, the islands in the Indian
Ocean: belonging to England, 19
213, 20, 263
Amlaff, English earl of eleventh cen-
tury: at battle of Clontarf, 12, 42
Ammon, northern Africa: oracle of,
visited by Alexander, 2, 495
Amon, King of Judah, 642-640 B. C:
reign of, 1, 398
Amorium, Phrygia, Asia: battle and
siege of, 1, 358
Amoy, China: capture of, 6, 138; af-
fair at, 7, 283
Amozoque, Mexico: battle of (1847),
22, 327
Amphichus, early Greek colonist: es-
tablishes Greek settlement in Chios,
2, 55
Amphictyon: mythical Greek hero, 2,
24
Amphictyonic Council, in Greek his-
tory, a league of peoples inhabiting
neighboring territories or drawn to-
gether by community of origin or
interests, for mutual protection and
the guardianship in common of a
central sanctuary and its rites: de-
clares war on Phocis, 2, 460; on the
Amphissians, 475
Amphipolis, Macedonia: founded, 2,
258; revolts from Athens, 314; bat-
tle of, 316; taken by Philip of Mace-
don, 458
Ampthill, Arthur Villiers Russell, Ba
ron (living), English diplomat:
acting governor-general of India, 5
302
Ampudia, Pedro de, Mexican general
in command of army at beginning
of Mexican War (1848): his cam
paign against the United States, 22
284
Amr ben Leis, Mohammedan ruler
878-900 A. D.: reign of, 5, 328
Amraphel: see Hammurabi
Amru ben el Ass (Amrou Ben el As
or Amr iben al Assi), an Arabian
warrior: born about 600 A. D.; at
first he opposed Mohammed but af-
terwards became a zealous prose-
lyte; aided in the conquest of Syria;
conquered Egypt, of which he be-
came emir, and took Alexandria,
640 A. D. and Tripoli, 643 A. D.;
opposed Ali; died while governor of
Egypt, 664 A. D.
Conquers Egypt, 1, 35, 290, 291;
joins Mohammed, 231; attempted
assassination of, 247; at siege of
Damascus, 272; refuses to recognize
Ali as kalif, 5, 326; invades Egypt,
19, 11
Amstalden, Peter (ca. 1450), Dutch
rebel: leads revolt, 13, 411
Amsterdam, north Holland, Nether-
lands: siege of (1570), 8, 360
Amsterdam, Bank of, Dutch national
bank: established, 13, 195
Amundsen, Ronald, Norwegian ex-
plorer of late 19th century: explo-
rations of, 16, 329
Amurath: see Murad
Amursana, Mongol chief (ca. 1750) :
aids Davatsi, 6, 85; death of, 86
Amusements: in the colonies, 23, 155
Amyntas I (d. 498 B. C), King of
Macedonia: submits to Persia, 2,
133
Amyntas II, King of Macedonia, 394-
370 B. C: reign of, 2, 456
Amyrtaeos, Egyptian ruler: leader of
revolts (463 B. C.) I , 3%
Ana, daughter of Philip III of Spain:
marries Louis XIII of France
(1612), 8, 375
Anabaptists, Christians who hold bap-
tism in infancy to be invalid, and
require adults who have received it
to be baptized on joining their com-
munion: influence of, in the Nether-
lands, 13, 57; sketch of, 13, 91, 436,
18, 242, 250
Anaclete II, anti-Pope in opposition
to Innocent II, 1130-1138: pontifi-
cate of, 18, 143
Anacreon of Teos (563-478 B. C),
famous Greek lyric poet, 2, 115
Anagni, Treaty of, concluded (1295)
between France and Aragon, 9, 86
Anan ben David (ca. 750 A. D.), a
Babylonian Jew: founds sect of the
Karaites, 1, 415
Anapa, Caucasus, Russia: fall of
(1828), 15, 280
GENERAL INDEX
81
Anarchy: dangers of, discussed in
Roosevelt's message,' 24, 1050
Anastasius I (430-518 A. D.), Byzan-
tine Emperor, 491-518: relations
with Clovis, 18, 47
Anastasius II (Artemius) (d. ca. 719
A. D.) Byzantine Emperor, 713-716
A. D.: prepares Constantinople for
siege, 1, 329
Anastro, Gaspar, Spanish merchant of
Antwerp: instigates the assassina-
tion of William of Orange (1582),
13, 138
Anatolia, Asiatic Turkey: stronghold
of modern Turks, 14, 24
Anaxagoras (500-428 B. C). Greek
philosopher, native of Ionia: ac-
cused of impiety, a, 272
Anaya, Pedro Mart a (1795- 1854), a
Mexican general: elected provisional
president of Mexico, aa, 320; elected
president of Mexico, 374
Anbar, Asia: conquered by the Sara-
cens, 1, 259
Ancenis, Treaty of, signed between
Charles of France and Charles of
Burgundy (1468), 9, 123
Anchorena, South American patriot of
early 19th century: made Minister
of Finance, ai, 122
Anciens, Council of the, held legisla-
tive power in France (1795), 10,
301
Anco, Italy: battle of (1815), 17, 314
Ancon, Treaty of (1884), concluded
between Chili and Peru, ai, 238
264
Ancona, eastern Italy: founded, 3, 57;
siege of (1166), 18, 152; occupied
by the French (1832), 17, 327
Ancre, Marshal d': see Concini, Con-
cino, Marquis of Ancre
Andaman Islands, a group of islands
belonging to Great Britain, in east-
ern part of Bay of Bengal: descrip-
tion of, 5i 17. ao, 253
Andeca, King of the Sucvi, ca. 580 A.
D.: consigned to a monastery, 8,
42
Andeiro, Joam Fernando, Spanish
courtier of the late 14th century:
sketch of, 8, 293
Andenarde: see Ondenarde
Anderida, Roman encampment in
England: captured by Saxons, 11,
18
Andermatt, General, Swiss soldier
(ca. 1800): besieges Zurich, 13, 518
Andernach, Prussia: battles of (876
A. D.), 18, 96; (939 A. D.), no
Anderson, an English explorer (ca.
1850): finds relics of the Franklin
expedition, 16, 310
Anderson, Joseph (1757-1837), an
American politician: as delegate to
Panama Congress, 23, 468
Anderson, Karl Johan (1827-1867), a
Swedish explorer in Africa: explora-
tions of, 19, 52
Anderson, Lars: see Andreae, Lauren-
tius
Anderson, Robert ( 1805-187 1), an
American general: transfers his
force from Fort Moultrie to Fort
Sumter, 24, 703; refuses to return
to Fort Moultrie, 704: refuses to
surrender fort, 705; at bombard-
ment of Fort Sumter, 710; surren-
ders Fort Sumter, 712; sent to or-
ganize Kentucky troops, 722
Ando Nobumasa (d. 1861), a Japanese
Rojiu: assassination of, 7, 161
Andocedes, an Athenian orator (ca.
415 B. C): sketch of, a, 334
Andrada e Silva, Bonifacio Jose de
(1765-1838), a Brazilian statesman
and mineralogist: guardian of Pedro
II of Brazil, ai, 169
Andrade, South American statesman:
President of Venezuela (1898), ai,
246
Andrade, Pavia d\ a Portuguese ex-
plorer (ca. 1889): his work in Af-
rica, 19, 225
Andrassy, Hungarian political leader
(ca. 1905): in Dr. Wekerlcs min-
istry, 17, 447
Andrassy, Julius, Count (1823-1890),
a Hungarian statesman: at Berlin
Congress, 14, 487; attempts to ob-
tain foreign aid for the Magyars,
17. 372; made premier of Hungary,
397; made minister of foreign af-
fairs, 411
Andrassy Note, The, a declaration
drawn up by Austria, Russia and
32
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Germany and presented to the Porte
(1875), 17, 419
Andre, a member of French Assembly
(1791): leader of the Center, 10, 139
Andre, John (1751-1780), a British
officer in Revolutionary War: cap-
ture and death of, 23, 276
Andreae, Jacob (1528-1590), a German
Protestant theologian: influence of,
16, 197
Andreae, Laurentius (Lars Ander-
son) (1480-1552), a Swedish re-
former: made chancellor, 16, 155
Andreas Suneson, Archbishop of Lund
(ca. 1219) : at the battle of Wolmar,
16, 86
Andree, Karl Theodor (1808-1875), a
German geographer and journalist:
attempts to find the North Pole,
16, 327
Andres, a South American insurgent
leader (18th century): leads Indian
rebellion, 21, 52
Andrew I, King of Hungary 1046-
1060: reign of, 17, 50
Andrew II, King of Hungary 1025-
1036: reign of, 17, 55
Andrew III, King of Hungary 1290-
1301: reign of, 17, 60
Andrew (d. 1345), King of Naples:
life of, 4, 260; marries Joan of Na-
ples, 17, 151
Andrew of Austria (ca. 1595), Car-
dinal: placed at the head of the
temporary government of the Neth-
erlands, 13, 165
Andrieux, Francois Guillaume Jean
Stanislas (1759-1833), a French
dramatist: opposes Napoleon, 9, 319
Androcles (d. 411 B. C), an Athenian
demagogue: assassinated, 2, 357
Andronicus, one of 70 disciples of
Christ: regarded as first bishop of
Sirmium, 17, 14
Andronicus (III) Palaeologus (1296-
1341), Byzantine Emperor, 1328-
1341: his relations with Ottomans,
14, 24
Andros, island of Greece: colonization
from, 2, 80
Andros, Sir Edmund (1637-1714), an
English colonial governor of New
York and New England: assails
Connecticut independence, 23, 93;
governor of New England, 100; vig-
orous rule of, 105; extent of his
power, 116
Andrussoff, Treaty of: see Andrus-
sovo
Andrussovo, Treaty of, a treaty be-
tween Russia and Poland (1667),
14, 244, 15, 22, 380
Andulsian Pirates, The, a band of
Arabian pirates (813 A. D.), I, 352
Ane, legendary King of Sweden: le-
gend of, 16, 37
Angelico, Fra (1387-1455), an Italian
painter: his effect on the Renais-
sance, 4, 283
Angelo, Michael: see Buonarotti
Angelo of the Reformation, The Mi-
chael: see Luther, Martin
Angermannus, Abraham, primate of
Sweden (ca. 1592): his relations
with Sigismund, 16, 168
Angers, France: taken by Cathe-
lineau (1793), 10, 270
Angles, a Teutonic tribe: invade
Britain (5th century A. D.), 11, 19,
12, 250; location of, 18, 6
Anglicans: see Episcopalians
Anglo-American Arctic Expedition
(1906), 16, 338
Anglo-Belgian Agreement (1894),
agreement between Great Britain
and King Leopold of Belgium, 19,
202
Anglo-French Agreements: (1888), 19,
209; (1889), 150; (1890), 163, 212;
(1904), 19, 246, 20, 279, 280, 281
Anglo-German Agreements: (1886),
19, 182; (1888), 163; (1890), 165, 173,
177, 181, 188; (1893), 166; (1900), 7,
285
Anglo-German Company: formed
(1892), 19, 176
Anglo-Italian Agreement (1891), 19,
209
Anglo- Japanese Alliance (1902), 7,
231, 289; (1905), 11, 642
Anglo-Portuguese Agreements (1890),
between England and Portugal, to
fix the eastern limits of the South
African Company's claims, 19, 230,
231, 241
Anglo-Russian Railway Agreement
GENERAL INDEX
SS
(1899), between England and Rus-
sia to restrict England's railway
rights in China, 7, 279
Anglo-Saxon Race, the English race,
originating from the Teutonic stock
of England: prejudice of, towards
Negro race, 24, 874
Anglo-Venezuelan Boundary Dispute
(1840-1897), over boundary between
British Guiana and Venezuela, 31,
263
Angola, Portugal: present condition
of, 19, 249; under Portuguese rule,
20, 298
Angora, Asia Minor, Turkey: battle
of (1402), 14, 37, 48
Angostura, Mexico: battle of (1847),
22, 306
Angouleme, Louis Antoine de Bour-
bon, Duke of (1775-1844), of the
French royal family: campaign in
Spain, 8, 495, 9, 380
Angra Pequena, southwestern Africa:
claimed by the Dutch, 19, 38; an-
nexed to Germany, 104
Angus, Archibald Douglas, Earl of
(1449-15 14), Scottish nobleman:
plots against the favorites of James
III of Scotland, 12, 297
Angus, Archibald Douglas, Earl of,
( i48g?-i557), Scottish nobleman:
guardian of James V, 12, 303
Anhaya, Pedro de (ca. 1500), Portu-
guese warrior: his campaigns in
Africa, 19, 21
Anicius, Lucius, (ca. 17 B. C). Roman
praetor: captures Scodra, 3, 150
Aniello of Amain, Thomas: see Ma-
saniello
Anjou, Arctic explorer of early 19th
century: explorations of, 16, 317
Anjou, Francis, Duke of (late 16th
century): schemes for the throne of
the Netherlands, 8, 361; offered
sovereignty of the United Prov-
inces, 13, 134; death of, 140
Anjou, Henry, Duke of: see Henry
III, King of France
Anjou, Louis, Duke of: see Louis I,
King of Naples
Anjou, Philip, Duke of: see Philip
V, King of Spain
Anjou, Rene, Duke of (early 15th cen-
tury): claims throne of Naples, 8,
264
Ankerstrom. Johan Jacob, (1762-
1792), Swedish soldier: assassinates
Gustavus III of Sweden, 15, 189,
16, 249
Anna Feodorovna (early 19th cen-
tury), Grand Duchess of Russia,
wife of Grand Duke Constantine:
divorce of, 15, 271
Anna Leopoldovna (1718-1746),
Grand Duchess of Russia: marriage
of, 15, 109; regency of, 128; banish-
ment of, 136
Anna Petrovna (1708-1728), Grand
Duchess of Russia: marriage of,
15, 80; banished from Russia, 96
" Annals of the Four Masters," an old
Irish chronicle, 12, 7
Annapolis, Maryland, U. S. A.: inter-
state commission at, 23, 322
Annapolis (Port Royal), Nova Scotia:
settled, 20, 83, 23, 50; named, 23,
161
Annates, Acts of, religious acts in
England: (1532), II, 250; 0534),
252
Anne (1665-1714), Queen of Great
Britain, 1702-1714: reign of, 1 1,
453; joins William III, 430; prom-
ises aid to the Dutch Republic, 13,
248; concludes treaty with Spain,
22, 187; death of, 11, 466
Anne (nth century). Queen of
France: marries Henry I of France,
9. 68
Anne (d. 1759), daughter of George II
of England: marries the Prince of
Orange, 13. 254
Anne of Austria (1601-1666), Queen
of France: marries Louis XIII of
France, 9, 179; made regent of
France, 9, 199, 13, 214
Anne of Austria (late 16th century),
Queen of Spain: marries Philip II
of Spain, 13, 112
Anne of Beaujeu (ca. 1462-1522), Re-
gent of France: regency of, o, 126
Anne of Bohemia (Good Queen
Anne), (1366-1394), Queen of Eng-
land, wife of Richard II: marries
34
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Richard II of England, n, 180, 17,
117
Anne of Brittany (1476-15 14), Queen
of France: aided by England, IX,
225; marries Charles VIII of
France, 9, 129, II, 226; marries
Louis XII of France, 9, 132; sketch
of, 18, 219
Anne of Cleves (1515-1557), Queen of
England: marries Henry VIII of
England, II, 260
Anne of Denmark (1574-1619), Queen
of England; marries James VI of
Scotland, 12, 326; Christian IV vis-
its, 16, 199
Anne of Hungary (1 503-1 547), wife
of Ferdinand I of Austria: betroth-
ed to Ferdinand of Austria, 17, 168,
175; marries Ferdinand I of Aus-
tria, 176
Anne Ivanovna, (1693-1740), Empress
of Russia, 1730-1740: reign of, 15,
103; marries Frederick William of
Courland, 57; renews war with Tur-
key, 14, 300; form alliance with
Germany, 18, 324; adopts Oriental
project, 14, 313
Annesley Case, The (1719), a prop-
erty law-suit in Ireland, 12, 171
Annobon, south Atlantic Ocean:
ceded to Spain (1778), 19, 213; un-
der Spanish rule, 20, 299
Annunzio, Gabriele d' (1864 ),
Italian poet and novelist: sketch of,
4, 410
Anscarius (801-865 A. D.), Frankish
missionary to Denmark: sketch of
16, 26, 58
Anselm, Saint (1033-1109), celebrated
divine, founder of scholastic theol-
ogy, Archbishop of Canterbury:
addresses letter to Humbert II of
Savoy, 4, 273; made Archbishop,
II, 84; resists William Rutus, 85;
recalled to England, 88; his quarrel
with Henry I, 89
Anshan Chan, Manchuria, China: cap-
tured by Japanese, 7, 310
Anson, George, Baron Anson of So-
berton, English admiral: born at
Colwich in Staffordshire, April 23,
1697; became a post-captain in the
royal navy in 1724; was appointed
commander of an expedition to the
South Sea in 1740; circumnavigated
the globe and returned to England,
1744, with several Spanish prizes, to
the value of 500,0001.; defeated a
French fleet, May, 1747, and for this
service was rewarded with the title
of Baron Anson of Soberton; he
was First Lord of the Admiralty,
I7SI-I7S6, and admiral of the fleet,
1761; died at Moor Park, Hertfort-
shire, June 6, 1762
His attempt to conquer Peru and
Chili, 20, 119; attempts to intercept
Spanish treasure ship, 22, 195
Anstruther, R. A., English captain of
early 19th century: in China, 6, 136
Antalcidas, Peace of (387 B. C), con-
cluded between Athens and Sparta,
1, 168, 2, 404
Antequera, Malaga, Spain: battle of
(1273), 8, no
Anthemius, Emperor of the West 467-
473 A. D.: reign of, 4, 150
Anthony of Bourbon (ca. 1550), King
of Navarre: opposes policy of Cath-
erine de' Medici, 9, 149; death of,
154
Anthony Ulrich (ca. 1700), Prince of
Brunswick-Beveren: marries Anna
Leopoldovna, 15, 109; arrest of, 126;
made general-in-chief, 128; banish-
ment of, 136
Anthracite Coal Strike: account of
(1902), 24, 105 1
Anthropomorphism, the representa-
tion of the deity under a human
form, or with human attributes and
affections: in Greek mythology, 2,
40
Antiboul, Girondist deputy: death of
(i # 793), 10, 279
Anti-Corn Law League, an associa-
tion formed (1839) with headquar-
ters at Manchester, to further the
repeal of the British corn-laws:
formed, 11, 600; growth of, 605
Anti Costi, British America: settle-
ment of, 23, 48
Antietam, Battle of: account of, 24,
765; effect on emancipation, 766;
followed by Emancipation Procla-
mation, 767
GENERAL INDEX
85
Anti-Federal Party, in United States
history the party which opposed the
adoption and ratification of the
Constitution, and which, failing in
this, strongly favored the strict con-
struction of the Constitution: origin
of, 23, 335; becomes Republican
party, 356
Antigonus, (1st century B. C). a
prince of Jerusalem: revolt of, I,
408
Antigonus (382-301 B. C), Mace-
donian general: his share in Alexan-
der's empire, a, 512
Antigonus Gonatas (310-239 B. C.)
King of Macedon, 277-239 B. C:
seizes Macedonian throne, a, 515
Antilles, The Queen of the: see Cuba
Anti-Masonic Party, in American
politics a political party which op-
posed the alleged influence of free-
masonry in civil affairs (1826):
origin of, 23, 408; holds first con-
vention for presidential nomination,
408; carry Vermont, 499
Antin, Duke of (1665-1736), French
courtier: president of the council of
home affairs, 9, 227
Antinomians, (1630) in Massachusetts,
followers of Mrs. Hutchinson, 23,
95
Antioch, Asia Minor: Greek culture
in. 2, 513; made capital of Roman
province, 526, 533; captured by Sar-
acens, 1, 285; captured by forces
of eastern Empire, 368; siege of
(543 A. D.), 5. 319
Antiochus (II) Theos (d. 246 B. C),
King of Syria 261-246 B. C. : con-
cludes treaty with Asoka, 5, 71
Antiochus (III) the Great (238-187
B. C), King of Syria 223-187 B. C:
invades Egypt, 1, 34; defeated by
Romans, 2, 518; forms an alliance
with Philip of Macedon, 3, 139; war
with Rome, 143; death, 145
Antiochus (IV) Epiphanes (d. 164 B.
C), King of Syria 175-164 B. C:
invades Egypt, 1, 34, 404; at war
with Judah, 405; submits to Roman
interference, 3, 151
Antiochus (XIII) Asiaticus, King
of Syria, 1st century B. C: deposed,
3. 274
Antiochus (ca. 400 B. G), Athenian
admiral: in the war with Syracuse,
a, 369
Antioquia, Republic of Colombia: re-
bels against Spanish authority, ai,
56
Antipas, (d. 4 B. C), son of Herod
the Great: reign of, 1, 409
Antipater, (d. 319 B. C), a Mace-
donian general: general of Alexan-
der, 2, 488; in Lamian war, 512; his
share of Alexander's empire, 512;
invades Aetolia, 513
Antipater the Idumaean (d. 43 B. C):
procurator of Judea, 1, 408
Antiphilus (ca. 323 B. C): Greek
commander, 2, 512
Antiphon, (480-411 B. C), an Athen-
ian orator and politician: heads
conspiracy in Athens, a, 356; exe-
cuted, 362
Antiqua, island in the British West
Indies: English policy concerning,
ao, 100; made the seat of govern-
ment for the Leeward Islands, 245
Antistius, (ca. 25 B. C), a Roman
lieutenant: his campaigns in Spain,
8, 24
Anti-Trust Act (1890), provides that
every contract or combination in the
form of a trust shall be deemed il-
legal, and punishable by fine or im-
prisonment: account of, 24, 971
Antofagasta, South America: advent
of Chilian emigrants in, 21, 234; oc-
cupied by Chili (1879), 234
Antoku (d. 1185), Emperor of Japan:
reign of, 7, 59; death of, 62
Antonio, (d. 1595), King of Portugal:
claims throne, 8, 448; proclaimed
king, 450
Antonines, Age of the, the rcipns
of Antoninus Pius and Marcus
Aurelius, 4, 94
Antoninus Pius (Titus Aurelius Anto-
ninus) (86-161 A. D.), Emperor of
Rome 138-161 A. D.: adopted by
Hadrian, 4, 93; reign of, 94; death,
96; condition of Spain under, 8, 26
Antoninus, Wall of: built, 4. 95
36
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Antonius, Gaius (ist century B. C),
a Roman politician: Caesar prose-
cutes, 3, 266; elected consul, 281; at
battle of Dolabella, 343
Antonius, Marcus (143-87 B. C), a
Roman orator and soldier: com-
missioned to clear the seas of pir-
ates, 3, 260; death, 223, 260
Antonius, Marcus (Mark Antony),
the Triumvir, Roman general: born
in 83 B. C; given command of the
cavalry of Gabinius in Syria and
Egypt, 57 B. C; elected quaestor,
52 B. C, and served in several cam-
paigns in Gaul; elected tribune of
the people; became such a strong
partisan of Caesar that he was ex-
pelled from Rome and fled to
Caesar's camp, 49 B. C; he was at
the battle of Pharsalia, 48 B. C; be-
came master of the horse to Caesar,
47 B. C. ; on the death of Caesar, he
delivered an eloquent funeral ora-
tion and so aroused the popular in-
dignation that the conspirators were
obliged to flee from Rome; lost the
battle of Mutina, 43 B. C; with
Octavius and Lepidus, he formed
the triumvirate, 43 B. C; at his in-
stigation, Cicero was proscribed and
killed, 43 B. C; by his skill, Cassius
and Brutus were defeated at the bat-
tle of Philippi, 42 B. C; this victory
made the triumvirs master of the
world and Antonius received as his
share, the Asiatic provinces and
Egypt; he was so captivated with
Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt, that he
neglected public affairs; quarrelled
with Octavius in 41 B. C, but they
were reconciled the following year
and Antonius married Octavia, the
sister of Octavius; he soon divorced
her and returned to Cleopatra; then
follo".ved a conflict with Octavius in
which Antonius lost the battle of
Actium; he fled to Alexandria and
there committed suicide, August, 30
B. C.
His campaign against recruiting
officers of Pompeius, 3, 337; joins
Caesar in Greece, 346; puts down in-
surrection of Dolabella, 365; offers
the crown to Caesar, 3, 369, 4, 3;
takes action against the murderers
of Caesar, 4, 6; oration of, at Cae-
sar's funeral, 7; tyranny of, 8; at-
tacks Cicero in the Senate, 11; takes
up arms, 12; in the field, 13; joins
second triumvirate, 14; at battle of
Philippi, 18; returns to Italy, 19;
relations with Cleopatra, 19; mar-
ries Octavia, 20; defeats Sextus
Pompeius, 21; campaign of, in the
East (36 B. C.) 22; life of, in
Egypt, 23; war of, with Octavius,
25; death of, 27
Antrim, Ireland: battle of (1798), 12,
213
An-tung, Korea: occupied by the
Japanese, 7, 267
Antwerp, Belgium: battle of (1830),
13, 297; sieges of (1584-1585), 147;
(1832) 9, 403, 13, 302; cathedral of,
pillaged, 13, 95; attacked by French
(1S83), 139
Anund, King of Sweden, 1024-1055:
reign of, 16, 60
Anville, Due d' (d. 1746); death of r
23, 166
Aoki, Viscount (ca. 1880), Japanese
statesman: becomes minister of for-
eign affairs, 7, 190
Aoki Kanaiye (15th century), a Japa-
nese artist: skill of, 7, 107
Apache Indians, a tribe of North
American Indians: seize herds of
the Navajos, 23, 11
Apafy, Michael, Prince of Transyl-
vania (ca. 1650): accession of, 17,
228
Apennines, mountain system of Italy:
boundary of Italy, 3, 3
Aphrodite, in Greek mythology, the
goddess of love and wedlock, identi-
fied by the Romans with Venus:
adopted from Phoenicians, 3, 28;
confused attributes of, 39; worship-
ped at Cnidus, 52
Apodaca, Juan Ruiz de (1754-1835),
Spanish naval officer and adminis-
trator: his administration as vice-
roy, 22, 251
Apollo, in Greek and Roman mythol-
ogy, one of the great Olympian
gods, leader of the Muses, patron of
GENERAL INDEX
37
the arts: his oracle at Delphi, 2,
12; in Greek theology, 40; Pythian
Games in honor of, 42; Dorian
conception of, 50; worshipped by
Doric Hexapolis, 56; honored by
Croesus, 118; his temple at Megara,
rebuilt by Hadrian, 523
Apollonia, Illyria, Greece: founded,
3. *7
Apollonius of Tyana (4 B. C.-07 A.
D.) : a Pythagorean philosopher and
reputed magician, 4, 84
Apologetical Declaration (1683), defi-
ance as a result of Scottish feuds,
1 a. 349
Aponte, Jose Antonio (ca. 1800), Cu-
ban rebel: leads revolt, 22, 451
Apostle of England, The: see Lati-
mer, Hugh, Bishop of Worcester
Apostle of France, The: see Denis,
Saint
Apostle of Hungary, The: see Stephen
(I), Saint, King of Hungary
Apostle of Infidelity, The: see Vol-
taire
Apostle of Liberty, The: see Jeffer-
son, Thomas
Apostle of Massacre, The: see Marat,
Jean P.
Apostle of Presbytery, The: see
Knox, John
Apostle of the English People, The:
see Augustine, Saint
Apostle of the Gauls, The: see Denis
Saint
Apostle of the Germans, The: see
Boniface, Saint
Apostle of the Goths, The: see Ul-
filas. Saint
Apostle of the Highlanders, The: see
Colomb, Saint
Apostle of the Indians, The: see
Eliot, John
Apostle of the Irish, The: see Patrick
Saint
Apostle of the Scottish Reformers
The: see Knox, John
Apostolic Kings: see the kings of
Hungary under their respective
names
Appeals, Act of (1533), obtained from
Parliament by Henry VIII, declar-
ing that the king held the supreme
authority in England, 11, 250
Appleton, Captain (ca. 1650), English
naval officer: in the war with the
Dutch, 13, 230
Appomattox Court House, Virginia:
Lee and Grant meet to arrange
terms of surrender, 24, 812
Apponyi, Count (late 19th century),
Hungarian statesman: withdraws
his support from the Liberals, 17,
440; opposes army changes, 444;
in Dr. Wekerle's ministry, 447
Appuleian Laws, popular measures in
Rome (1st century, B. C): passed,
3, 200; canceled, 202
Apraxin, Feodor (1671-1728), Russian
admiral: at Nappo, 15, 64; accom-
panies Peter to Persia, 79; services
of, 90; in the supreme privy coun-
cil, 95 ; supports Anne, 106
Apraxin, Stephen (d. 1758), Russian
general: estimate of, 15, 145; cam-
paign of, 146; treason of, 147
Apries (Uah-ab-ra, Hophia), King of
Egypt 590-570 B. C: reign of, 1,
32
Apulia, eastern Italy: in Rome's
hands, 3, 70
Aquae Sextiae (Aix), France: founded,
3, 192; battle of (102 B. C), 3. 194.
17, 11, 18, 4
Aquidaban, Paraguay: battle of the
(1870), 3i, 160
Aquidneck: see Rhode Island
Aquileia, Austria- Hungary: founded,
3. 133. 17, "I battle of (113 B. C),
3, 193; under Roman occupation,
17, 12; sieges of (108 A. D.), 18,
26; (238 A. D.), 4. 108; (340 A. D.),
123; (394 A. D.), 18, 35; (452 A.
D.), 42
Aquileia, Council of (381 A. D.): con-
demns Arianism, 17, 15
Aquillius, Manius (1st century B. C.)i
Roman consul: quells slave revolt
in Sicily, 3, 187; encourages upris-
ing of Bithynian king, 215
Aquilonia, Italy: battle of (293 B. C),
3. 72
Aquitania, division of Gaul: conquered
by Ca:sar, 3, 304
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Arabi Bey, Pasha (1837 ), an
Egyptian officer and revolutionary
leader: insurrection of, 1, 39, 11,
634
Arabia, Asia: early history of the
Arabian peninsula, 1, 183; Arabia be-
fore the coming of Mohammed, 189;
Mohammed, the Prophet of Islam,
205; the union of Arabia under Mo-
hammed, 222; Mohammed's suc-
cessors and the spread of Islam,
242; the Moslem conquest of Per-
sia and Syria, 259; the Saracens in
Egypt and Africa, 290; the Saracens
in Europe, 310; fall of the Moslem
empire, 337; rise of the Arabs, 14,
3, 4; importance of holy cities of,
135; conquered by the Turks, 136,
164; disorders in, 195, 292, 19, 121
Arad, Diet of (1132): account of, 17,
53
Aragis (8th cent. A. D\), Duke of
Benevento: submits to Charle-
magne, 18, 82
Arago, Dominique Frangois (1786-
1853), French physicist and astron-
omer: member of the provisional
government, 9, 435
Aragon, Kingdom of, Spain: history
of, 8, 230
Arai Hakuseki (ca. 1700), Japanese
scholar: sketch of, 7, 142
Arakhu (500 B. C.) Armenian prince:
revolt of, 1, 95
Araki Matayemon (ca. 1700), Japanese
fighter: slays Kawai, 7, 152
Araktcheiev, Count Alexei (1769-
1834), a Russian general and min-
ister of war: account of, 15, 202;
his influence under Alexander, 263
Aram-Naharaim : see Mesopotamia
Aranda, Diego di (ca. 1490) : placed
over a colony in Hayti, 21, 8
Aranda, Pedro Pablo Abarca y Bolea
Conde de (1718-1799), a Spanish
statesman and diplomat: adminis-
tration of, 8, 420
Aranjo, Buenaventura, (ca. 1845), a
Mexican naval captain: at the battle
of Cerro Gordo, 22, 325
Aranjuez, Revolution of, an uprising
of South American states against
their mother countries (ca. 1810),
21, 54
Aransio (Orange), France: battle of
(105 B. C), 3, 193; founded, 392
Aratus of Sicyon (271-213 B. C), a
Greek statesman and general: joins
the Achaean League, 2, 516; dispute
with Sparta, 3, 138
Araucania, South America: dispute
over possession of, 21, 227
Arbedo, Switzerland: battle of (1422),
13, 395
Arbela, Assyria: captured by Cyrus
(546 B. C), 1, 94; battle of (331 B.
C.), 1, 169, 2, 496
Arbia River, Italy: battle of the (ca.
1260), 4, 215
Arbogast (d. 394 A. D.), a Frankish
general in the Roman service: his
influence in the Western Empire,
135; death, 4, 135; career of, 18, 34
Arboleda, Julio (1817-1862), a Colum-
bian poet and revolutionist: his ad-
ministration as president of the
Grenadine Confederation, 21, 86;
death of, 87
Arbuthnot (d. 1818), a British settler
in Florida: executed, 23, 444
Arbuthnot (ca. 1807), British minister
to Turkey, 14, 397
Arcadia, Greece: geography of, 2, 18;
autochthonous claims of, 26
Arcadian League: founded (5th cen-
tury B. C), 2, 439
Arcadians: revolts of, 2, 237; found
League, 439; join Epaminondas, 440;
found Megalopolis, 440; at war with
Elis, 446; fall into disunion, 453;
oppose Alexander, 486
Arcadius (383-408 A. D.), Emperor
of the East 395-408 A. D. : asso-
ciated with Theodosius in the Em-
pire of the East, 4, 137; accession
of, 17, 16; reign of, 18, 35
Arce, Aniceto (ca. 1884), South Amer-
ican statesman: president of Bo-
livia, 21, 243
Archaeology:
AUSTRO-HUNGARY: cut flints,
bronze articles, iron utensils, 17, 10
DENMARK: under Frederick V,
16, 240
GENERAL INDEX
39
ENGLAND: flints and stone imple-
ments, ii, 3; Stonehehge, 5
GREECE: general discussion of, a,
20, 22, 49; The Laocoon, the Apollo
Belvedere and the torso of Her-
cules, 4, 283
INDIA: discoveries under Lord
Curzon, 5, 280
IRELAND: Cross of Cong, Ardagh
Chalice, and the Tara Brooch, 12,
9; gold torque near Tara, 14
MEXICO: the "cross," 22, 82;
ruined buildings, section of " Wall
of the Serpents," Rock of Famine,
83; National Museum, 94; the Aztec
Calendar Stone, 95
NORTH AMERICA: Indian relics,
23, 6, 10
SCANDINAVIA: discoveries in,
16, 5
SWITZERLAND: flint imple-
ments, bones of mammalia, 13, 327
Archdale, John (ca. 1695) : governor
of the Carolinas, 23, 74
Archelaus (1st century B. C), son of
Herod the Great: reign of, 1, 409
Archelaus, a Greek general (ca. 85
B. C): at Chieronea, 3, 218
Archias of Thebea (d. 397 B. C), a
polemarch of Sparta: murdered, 2,
424
Archibald, Adams G. (1814-1892), a
Canadian politician and jurist: at
the Quebec convention, 20, 165
Archibald Bell-the-Cat: see Angus
Archibald Douglas, Earl of
Archidamus, King of Sparta, 469-427
B. C. : reign of, 2, 270; invades
Attica, 278, 282; besieges Platxa,
288
Archidamus III, King of Sparta 361-
338 B. C: attempts to aid Taren-
tum, 3, 68
Archimedes (287-212 B. C). the most
celebrated geometrician of antiquity
3, 124
Archinard, Colonel, a French com
mander in Africa (ca. 1890): his
campaigns in Africa, 19, 151
Architecture:
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: Gothic
style, 17, 61: in the 12th and 13th
centuries, 86; under Rudolph IV,
104; under Charles IV, 116; rococo
style, 261; buildings of Vienna, 416
BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA:
description of, 1, 102
CHINA: the Great Wall, 6, 11; the
Hanlin College, 27
DENMARK: buildings by Chris-
tian IV, 16, 200; under Queen
Sophia, 238
ENGLAND: Westminster Abbey
under Edward the Confessor, 11,
64; under William the Conqueror,
castles and Tower of London, 73;
Norman churches, 76; Gothic archi-
tecture, 118; early English architec-
ture, 141; perpendicular style, 163;
overelaboration, 231; in Elizabeth's
reign, 298-299; Italian style, 419;
under Queen Anne, 467
FRANCE: under Philip (II) Au-
gustus, 9, 79, 83; under Henry IV,
the Place Royale, the Pont Neuf,
and facade of Hotel de Ville, 174;
Palace of Versailles under Louis
XV, 10, 8
GERMANY: effect of Roman influ-
ence, 18, 55; Cathedral of Speyer,
142; cathedrals, 175
GREECE: Temple of Apollo, a, 12;
fortifications, 226; Long Walls of
Athens, 242; public buildings under
Pericles the Odeum, Corn Hall
and the Deigma, 254; the Propylaea
and the Parthenon, 255; temple of
Hera, 298; under Hadrian, temple
of Olympian Zeus and temple of
Apollo, 523; under Marcus Aurelius,
temple of Eleusis, 523; under He-
rodes Atticus, the stadium and the-
atre at Regilla, a theatre at Corinth,
an aqueduct at Olympia, 523; un-
der Justinian, church at St. So-
phia, 532
HOLLAND AND BELGIUM:
13th and 14th centuries, 13, 62
INDIA: Kutab Mosque, Kutab
Minar. 3, 96; Kafur's Mosque, 100;
Mausoleum of Emperor Jahangir,
114: Mausoleum of the Taj Mahal,
Moti Masjid Mosque, 119; Jama
Masjid Mosque, Palace of Delhi,
and Fort Agra, 120
IRELAND: dwelling houses, ia. 9:
40
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
churches, 33; under King Brian, 41;
Anglo-Norman, 47
ITALY: architecture of Pisa, 4,
236; the cathedral at Pisa, St.
Marks, the Duomo, 284; basilica by
Bramante and mausoleum by Mi-
chael Angelo Buonarotti at Rome,
297; cupola of St. Peter's by Mi-
chael Angelo Buonarotti, 298
JAPAN: influence of Buddhism, 7,
18, 33; Kyoto, the capital, 39; Bud-
dhist temples, Daurin-ji and Hojo-
ji, 41; Kinkaku-ji, and Shokoku-ji,
93; Ginkaku-ji, 96; Castle at Ad-
suchi, 111; Mausoleum at Nikko, 7,
127
MEXICO: palace of Montezuma,
22, 25; the Teocalli, 27; under the
Aztecs, 77; by the Mayas, 82; pal-
ace of Chapultepec, 214
NORTH AMERICA: colony of
New York, 23, 132; New England
and southern colonies, 155
PERSIA: main treatment, I, 178;
palace of Mashita, 5, 323; palace of
Chehel Sitton, 345
PORTUGAL: Church and Convent
of Mafra by Joam V, 8, 471
ROME: aqueducts, the Marcia and
the Calida, 3, 245; under Gaius Ju-
lius Csesar Caligula, the temple of
Augustus, the theatre of Pompey
and the aqueduct of Aqua Claudia, 4,
56; Column of Trajan, Trajan's
Forum, Arch of Trajan and Trajan's
Mole, 88; under Hadrian, the temple
of Venus and Roma, Hadrian's
Moles, restoration of the Pantheon,
the temple of Augustus and baths of
Agrippina, 92; under Antoninus, the
completion of Hadrian's temple, the
amphitheatre at Nismes, and the
aqueduct of the Pont du Gard, 95;
under Aurelian, extension of walls
of Rome, 111; see also ITALY
RUSSIA: under Peter the Great,
15,87
SCOTLAND: imitation of French
style, 12, 308
SOUTH AMERICA: by the Qui-
chuas, 21, xvi; Buenos Ayres, 135;
Brazil, 165; Falls of Iguazy, under
the Jesuits, 317
SPAIN: palace of the Alhambra, 8,
no; palace of the Escurial, 373
SWITZERLAND: churches, 13,
356; Gothic and Renaissance style,
429, 455; late Renaissance style, 481,
482; baroque and antique style, 495
TURKEY: under Suleiman the
Great, 14, 147, 187
Archon, Office of: created at Athens,
2, 98; made subject to lot, 175;
opened to Zeugitae, 252
Arcis-sur-Aube, France: battle of
(1814), 9, 347
Areola, Italy: battle of (1796), 9, 301,
17, 282
Arcona, Denmark: assault of (1169),
16, 82
Arcos, Count, Viceroy of Naples, 1646-
1647: taxes fruit in Naples, 4, 323
Arcot, British India: siege of (1751),
5, 180
Arctinus, a Greek poet (ca. 776 B. C.) :
and cyclic poems, 2, 31
Ardahan, Russia: siege of (1877), 15,
335
Ardar, colony in Africa: under Span-
ish rule, 20, 299
Ardaric, Germanic king (ca. 455 A.
D.) : unites the German tribes, 18,
43
Ardashir (Artaxerxes) I (211-ca. 241
A. D.), King of Persia: reign of, 1,
167; son of Xerxes, 2, 231; Athens
seeks peace with, 250; founds dy-
nasty, 5, 315
Ardorn (d. 1015), King of Italy: reign
of, 4, 183
Ardres, France: taken by the Spanish,
13, 163
Arduin, King of Lombardy (Marquis
of Ivrea), 1002-1013: career of, 18,
121
Ardys II, King of Lydia (7th century,
B. C.) : becomes a vassal of Sar-
danapallos, 1, 145, 2, 116
Areche, Jose (18th century), Mexican
government official: investigates the
executive conduct of the Marques
de Cruillas, 22, 203
Areche, Jose Antonio de (ca. 1750),
Peruvian official: orders the execu-
tion of the cacique, Condorquanqui,
31, SI
GENERAL INDEX
41
Arelat: see Burgundy
Arelate (Aries), Roman -colony on the
Danube: founded, 3, 392
Aremberg (Arenberg), John of Ligne,
Count of (1525-1568), Spanish otii-
cer: death of, 13, 109
Arenas, Antonio (ca. 1850), Peruvian
patriot: candidate for the presi-
dency (1872), ai, 210
Areopagus: council of Athens, a, 98;
cedes political duties to Boule, 106;
humbled by Pericles and Ephialtes,
239
Arequipa, Peru: battles of (1845), ai,
109; (1867), 209
Aretas (1st century B. C), king of
the Nabateans: refuses to acknowl-
edge supremacy of Rome, 3, 274;
besieges Jerusalem, 274
Argaum, India: battle of (1803), 5,
136
Argeians, Homeric Greeks: in Egypt-
ian inscriptions, a, 33
Argenson, Marc Rene Voyer, Count
d' (1652-1721), French politician:
made chancellor, 9, 230
Argentine Republic, South America:
from 1820 to 1876, ai, 118; from
1876 to 1906, 256
Arghun, Persian ruler 1284-1291:
reign of, 5, 335
Arginusae, islands off the coast of
Asia Minor: battle of (406 B. C.)t
2, 372
Argo, legendary ship which bore the
Argonauts, a, 9
Argolis, Peloponnesus, Greece: geog-
raphy of, a, 16
Argonne, France: campaign of the
(1792), 10, 209
Argos, Argolis, Greece: situation of,
a, 10; in Dorian legend, 48; in
Poloponnesus, 58; struggle with
Sparta, 74; resists Sparta, 76; reduc-
tion of, 77; wars with Sparta, 156,
^37, 323. 398: allied to Epaminon-
das, 440; allied with Philip of Mace-
don, 470
Argun, Mongolia, China: occupied by
Russia, 7, 285
"Argus," American frigate: captured
by "Pelican" (1813), 23, 424
Argyle, Archibald Campbell, Earl of
(d. 1513): commissioned to keep or-
der in the west, ia, 299
Argyle, Archibald Campbell, Duke of
(1598-1661): death of, ia. 345
Argyle, Archibald Campbell, Earl of
(1620-1685): execution of, IX, 422,
12. 349. 350
Argyle, John Campbell, Duke of (The
Good Duke of Argyle) (1678-1743),
Scottish general and statesman:
crushes rebellion of Mar (1716), IX,
470, 1 a, 362
Argyle, The Good Duke of: see Ar-
gyle, John Campbell, Duke of
Ariarathes, King of Cappadocia, 1st
century B. C. : murdered, 3, 215
Arica, port in Peru: declared a com-
mon port for Bolivia and Peru, 21,
188; taken by the Chilians (1880),
237; given to Chili (1883), 238;
taken by the Congressionalists
(1891), 239
Aricia, Italy: siege of (506 B. C), 3.
56; loses its independence, 67
Ariminum, Italy: battle of (236 B. C).
3, 109; captured by Cinna Marius,
223
Ariminum, Council of: proclaims the
Arian heresy and makes it the pre-
dominant faith, 4, 126
Ariobarzanes I, King of Cappadocia
(beginning of 1st century B. C.) :
elected king, 3, 215
Ariobarzanes III, King of Cappadocia,
51-42 B. C: receives lesser Armenia,
3. 354
Ariobarzanes (4th century B. C),
Persian satrap: last hero of Persia,
a, 498
Ariobarzanes, son of Mithradates: in-
vades Cappadocia (89 B. C). 3. 215
Arion, Baltasar de Zuniga, Duke of
(early 18th century), Mexican vice-
roy: his administration as viceroy
of New Spain, 22, 188
Ariosto, Ludovico (1474-1533), Italian
poet : sketch of, 4, 319
Ariovistus (ca. 60 B. C), German
chief: aids the Sequani, 3. 300, 18.
10; defeated by C;esar, 3. 302, 9, 8,
18, 12
Arismendi, General (ca. 1875), leader
in Guiana: leads rebellion, ai, 101
42
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Arista, Mariano (1802-1855), Mexican
general: demands that Taylor with-
draw from disputed territory, 24,
546; court-martialed, 547
Aristagoras (d. 497 B. C): tyrant of
Miletus, 2, 133; slain, 136
Aristeides (d. 468 B. C.) Athenian
statesman and general: rise of, 2,
159; ostracized, 176; at Salamis,
201; heads Athenian squadron, 222;
starts the Confederacy of Delos,
227; his political reforms, 230
Aristeus (5th century B. C.) Corinth-
ian general at Potidaea, 2, 269; slain,
284
Aristides (2nd century A. D.), Chris-
tian scholar: attempts to convert
Hadrian to Christianity, 4, 92
Aristcbulus, high priest of Jerusalem,
103-102 B. C: reign of, I, 407
Aristobulus II, King of Judaea, ca. 70
B. C: civil war with his brother, 3,
274
Aristocracy: in Homeric Greece, 2, 36;
in America, 23, 131; in the South,
24, 586
Aristodemus (8th century B. C), Do-
rian hero: legend of, 2, 48, 61;
national hero of Messenia, 72; of
Cumae, 95
Aristomenis (7th century B. C), Mes-
senian national hero: in Second
Messenian War, 2, 74
Aristophanes of the Revolution, The:
see Desmoulins, Camille
Aristoteles (ca. 650 B. C): made
Libyan king, 2, 87
Aristotle (384-322 B. C.) most famous
Greek philosopher, founder of Peri-
patetic school: tutor of Alexander,
2, 484; believes the earth to be a
sphere, 23, 22
Aristozeiton (ca. 500 B. C), Athenian
patriot: attacks Peisistratidae at
Athens, 2, 112
Arisugawa, Prince (ca. 1850), of the
Japanese noble family: made com-
mander-in-chief of army, 7, 169;
commissioned to quell rebellion of
Saigo, 179
Arms (256-336 A. D.), celebrated pres-
byter of Alexandria, the founder of
Arianism: Constantius accepts doc-
trine of, 4, 125; his doctrines con-
demned at the councils of Sirmium
and Aquileia, 17, 15
Arivald, King of the Lombards, 625
A. D.: reign of, 4, 168
Arizona, one of the United States:
bought by the United States, 22,
381; added to the United States, 24,
552; Gadsden Treaty, 641; refused
admission, 1054; admission to the
Union considered, 1083
"Ark," an English vessel: brings set-
tlers to Maryland, 23, 70
Arkansas (means " a bow of smoky
waters ") one of the United States,
called the Bear State: territorial
government, 23, 453; delegates
withdraw from Democratic conven-
tion, 24, 679; joins Confederacy,
720; reconstructed, 833; Brooks and
Baxter struggle in, 872; end of car-
petbag rule, 873; Presidential elec-
tion of 1904, 1072
Arkansas River, Arkansas: Florida
boundary, 23, 445
Arkinholm, Scotland: battle of (1454),
13, 295
Arklow, Ireland: battle of (1798), 12,
212
Arkwright, Sir Richard (1732-1792),
an English inventor: inventions of,
, 533
Aries, France: sieges of (731 A. D.), 1,
335; (506 A. D.), 9, 20
Aries: see Arelate
Arlington, Henry Bennet, Earl of
(1618-1685), an English politician:
sketch of, 11, 393; receives grant of
Virginia with Culpepper, 23, 64
Arlington Heights, Virginia: Federal
troops recapture, 24, 731
Armada, The Invincible, a Spanish
fleet sent against England 1588: de-
struction of, 8, 364, 11, 295, 13, 153,
23. 54; effect of defeat on Dutch
navigation, 23, 101
Armagnac, Bernard VII, Count of
(d. 1418), an Italian leader, Consta-
ble of France: at war with the
Duke of Burgundy, 9, no; made
regent of France, 112; leader of feu-
dal party in France, II, 194; death
of, 11, 199
GENERAL INDEX
43
Arraais: see Hor-m-heb
Armand (ca. 1830), a French editor:
opposes the decrees of July 25, 1830,
9. 300
Armendariz, Miguel Diaz de (ca.
1540): commissioned to enforce the
aborigine laws in the West Indies,
22, no
Armenia, Asia: Turkish conquests in,
14, 158; description of, 497
Armfeldt, Baron Karl (1 666-1 736), a
Swedish general: campaign of, 15.
64
Arminius, chief of the tribe of the
Cherusci: born in 18 B. C; he led
the Cherusci as auxiliaries of the
Roman legions in Germany and so
learned the Roman language, was
admitted to the freedom of the city
and enrolled among the equites;
led a successful revolt of his coun-
trymen in 9 A. D.; defended his
country against Germanicus, 14 A.
D.; defeated by Germanicus, 16 A.
D.; assassinated as the result of a
conspiracy, at A. D.
Defeats Maroboduus, 17, 13; de-
feats Varus, 4, 44* 18, 17; power
weakened, 4, 47
Arminius, Jacob (Jakobus Harmen-
sen) (1560-1609), a Dutch theolo-
gian: leads Arminian movement in
theology, 13, 193
Arms, Armour:
GENERAL: invention of gun-pow-
der, 4, 255
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: ancient
weapons, 17, 26, 42; introduction of
breech-loading rifle, 403
BOHEMIA: introduction of "thun-
der-guns," 18, 207
CHINA: in the 19th century, 6, 208,
246, 254
EGYPT: saber and bow, 14, 132
ENGLAND: weapons of Neolithic
age, bronze weapons, 11, 4, 5; two-
handed axe, 66; bow and arrow,
158, 161
GERMANY: in the 17th century,
14, 239, 18, 281; modern equipment,
18, 229; artillery under Maximilian,
231
GREECE: under Iphicrates, 3, 402
INDIA: among the non-Aryans, 5,
25; improved rifle, 250
IRELAND: among the early tribes,
12, 20
JAPAN: firearms, 7, 104; sword,
147, 182; under the Edo government,
151
MEXICO: under Montezuma, 22,
25; Aztec weapons, 87
NORMANDY: lance, bow and ar-
row, ix, 66
NORTH AMERICA: Indian weap-
ons, 23, 14, 15
SOUTH AMERICA: at the out-
break of the revolution, 21, 57; na-
tive weapons in the Plain of the
Amazon, 311
SPANISH PENINSULA: in early
times, 8, 5
TURKEY: artillery, 14, 77, 94. 176;
in the 16th century, 144; in the 17th
century, 239; neglect of improve-
ments, 299; European artillery, 379
Arms, The Assize of (1181), issued by
Henry II, 11, 108
Arms Act (1843), forbade possession
of arms except by license, ix, 604
Armstead, Lewis Addison (1817-
1863), a Confederate general:
wounded in Pickett's charge, 24,
782
Armstrong, John (ca. 1525), a Scottish
freebooter: death of, 12, 303
Armstrong, John (1 725-1 795), an
American general: captures Kittan-
ning, 23, 184; in expedition against
Fort Du Cjuesne, 190
Army:
AFRICA (SOUTH BRITISH):
Boer method of warfare, 19, 282
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: the Mag-
yar State, 17, 42; military service,
49; military reforms under Maria
Theresa, 17, 262, 18, 347
CARTHAGE: military system, 3,
97
CHINA: reform of, 6, 254, 290; for-
eign troops, 306
DENMARK: compulsory military
service, 16, 235
ENGLAND: war-band, 11. 33. 5H
military organization by Aelfred the
Great, 44; feudal system under Wil-
44
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Ham the Conqueror, 74; scutage in
lieu of service, 99; Assize of Arms,
108;' mercenaries, 128; in the 16th
century, 296, 297; archers, 158, 160,
161, 198; army raised by Charles I,
337; the New Model Army, 351;
cavalry, 356; Pride's Purge, 360; the
Long Parliament and the militia,
366; Richard Cromwell and the mili-
tia, 373; the Rump and the militia,
374; disbandment, 381; the Mutiny
Act, 435; European method in Brit-
ish Africa, 19, 282; method with In-
dians, 23, 178
FRANCE: under Philip (II) Augus-
tus, 9, 79; free archers, 117; army of
the First Republic, 285; military ap-
pendages under Louis XVIII, 357;
discontent under Louis XVIII, 358,
359; garde mobile, 457; compulsory
service, 471; reorganization, 474;
under the Old Regime, 10, 7; in the
Revolution, 54, 91; military organ-
ization, 164, 165; during the Reign
of Terror, 273; levy, 341; "amalga-
mation," 343; military conscription
under the Directory, 402; Napo-
leon's tactics, 383, 479, 484; Legion
of Honor under Napoleon, 449;
cavalry, 11, 158, 161, 198
GAUL: military system, 3, 298, 9, 7
GERMANY: Roman conscriptions,
18, 24; under Charlemagne, 83, 87;
military system of Henry the Fow-
ler, 106; diet refuses military force,
228; under Frederick the Great, 334,
344
GREECE: Spartan system, 2, 68;
under Xerxes, 181; system of Epa-
minondas, 433; reorganization by
Philip II, 458; modern regulations,
550
HUNGARY: under Mathias Hun-
yady, 17, 162; defective military sys-
tem, 187; see also AUSTRIA-HUN-
GARY
INDIA: reform in military system,
5, 272, 280
IRELAND: Anglo-Norman method,
11, 47; Irish military method, 12,
47; quartering, 19, 63; service in
America, 181; volunteers, 182, 192
ITALY: military system of cities, 4,
251; new military school, 253
JAPAN: in the Hei-an Epoch, 7,
51; under the Kamakura govern-
ment, 77, 78; military nobles, 109;
military classes, 127, 147; qualities
of her soldiers, 281; European sys-
tem, 6, 246
MEXICO: military system, 22, 88;
under Don Manuel Flores, 215
NORTH AMERICA: Indian
method, 23, 178; Colonies, Conti-
nental Army, 230, 231, 233; colonial
militia, 234, 247
PARTHIAN EMPIRE: system of,
3, 323
PERSIA: reform in military sys-
tem, 5, 343
POLAND: under Stephen Batory,
King of Poland, 17, 221
PORTUGAL: under Joam IV, 8,
462; reforms in, 526; disbanded, 528;
qualities of soldiers, 533
PRUSSIA: military reorganization,
10, 487
ROME: system, 3, 18, 324; military
reorganization by Gaius Marius,
196; decay of military discipline,
209; decay of militia, 261; Caesar's
army, 334; decay of military sys-
tem, 373; military reorganization by
Caesar, 374
RUSSIA: early military customs,
15, 7; Western influence, 14; revolt
of the strelitz, 26; reorganization of
military system, 41; improvement of
military system by Miinnich, 113;
attempt to reorganize the Cossacks,
166; insurrection of Cossacks under
Pugatchev, 168; reorganization of
troops by Potemkin, 183; condition
of forces in the retreat from Mos-
cow, 250, 254; military colonies, 263
SCOTLAND: foot-men, 12, 280
SOUTH AMERICA: in Bolivia, 21,
186; in Brazil, 253; in Ecuador, 107;
in Paraguay, 152
SPAIN: under the Goths, 8, 55; se-
dition, 13, 116, 117, 118; decline of,
8, 428; increase of, 429; mutinous,
491; discontent in, 516
SWEDEN: military service by
GENERAL INDEX
i:>
nobles, 16, 105; mutiny, 248; under
Bernadottc, 254
SYRIA and EGYPT: the Mame-
lukes, 14, 127
TURKEY: standing army under
Alaeddin, 14, 18; organization of
the Janissaries, 19, 93, 251; military
system, 22; under Murad (Amurath)
I, 30; superiority in the 15th century,
94; turbulence of Janissaries, 120,
150, 203, 212; character of soldiers,
183; mutiny of the Spahis, 216: in-
fantry, 262; mutiny of the Janis-
saries, 293; attempt to reform army
by Capudan Pasha Hassan, 342;
military system, 370; European sys-
tem, 378, 402, 409, 418, 441; rebel-
lious Janissaries, 387, 304, 399, 402;
destruction of the Janissaries, 417;
desertion, 436; admission of Chris-
tians, 471; efficiency of, 477
UNITED STATES: reduction of,
*3 393'. reorganization, 41K; condi-
tion at the outbreak of the War of
1812, 419; school for soldiers, 433;
under Roosevelt, 24, 1073
Army of God and the Holy Church
( 1 2 1 5 ) , 11, 126
Army of the Cumberland: commanded
by Slocum, 24, 804
Army of the Potomac: commanded by
McClellan, 24, 757; demoralized by
change of commanders, 778;
strength of, when Grant assumed
command, 787
Army of the Tennessee: commanded
by Howard, 24, 804
Army of Virginia: under Pope's com-
mand, 24, 762
Araaud, Vincent (ca. 1730), French
official at Malta: befriends Tofal
Osman, 14, 296
Arndt, Ernst Moritz (1769-1860), Ger-
man poet and writer: writes pa-
triotic hymns, 17, 295; his efforts
to liberate Germany, 18, 375, 281,
394
Arnfast, Bishop of Aarhus (ca. 1260),
Scandinavian divine: sketch of, 16,
96
Arnheim, Baron Johann Georg von
(1581-1641), German diplomat and
general: in the Thirty Years' War,
18, 285
Arnold, Benedict (1741-1801), Ameri-
can Revolutionary general and trai-
tor: treason of, 11, 519, 23, 275;
joins American troops at Boston,
23, 228; estimate of, 234; in expe-
dition against Canada, 234; relieves
Fort Stanwix, 254; quarrels with
Gates, 255; defeats British at Free-
man's farm, 255; at battle of Bemis
Heights, 255; in English service,
277; devastates Connecticut, 285
Arnold of Brescia (1100-1155), Italian
religious reformer and political agi-
tator: doctrines of, 4, 221, 18, 146;
death of, 148
Arnoul (ca. 1470), Duke of Guelders:
sells his duchy to Charles the Rash
of Burgundy, 13, 45
Arnulf (850-899 A. D.), Holy Roman
Emperor: defeats the Normans
(891), 13, 21, 16, 23; receives duchy
of Carinthia, 18, 97; becomes kin
of Germany, 98; crowned emperor,
100
Arnulf the Bad, Duke of Bavaria (ca.
900 A. D.): purchases peace with
the Hungarians (907), 18, 100; de-
fies Conrad, 104; acknowledges
Henry I of Germany, 105; allied
with Henry the Fowler, 17, 62
Arnulf (580-640 A. D), Bishop of
Metz 611: rebellion of, 9, 31; edu-
cates Dagobert, 18, 65
Arnulf of Pannonia (ca. 875 A. D.):
his struggle with Svatopluk, 17, 35
Aroer: sec Karkar
Aroostook War, collision between
the settlers of Maine and New
Brunswick (1842), 24, 530
Arpad, Syria: siege of (740 B. C), 1,
393
Arpad, Magyar chieftain (d. 907 A.
D.): death of, 17, 43
Arques, France: battle of (1589), 9,
167
Arran, Earls of: see Boyd and Ham-
ilton
Arrangoiz, General (ca. 1850). Mexi-
can general: concludes an armistice
with General Scott, 22. 352
46
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Arras, France: sieges of (1640), 9,
194; (1654), 206
Arras, Treaties of: concluded between
Charles VII of France and Philip
of Burgundy (1435), 9, *}7, 13, 4*i
concluded between Louis XI of
France and the states of Flanders
and Maximilian I (1482), 9, 125, II,
219
Arredondo (ca. 1870), South Ameri-
can insurrectionist: joins insurrec-
tion of Mitre, ai, 135
Arretium, ancient Etruria, Italy: bat-
tle of (285 B. C), 3, 75
Arrow, The, English ship: seizure of
(1856), by the Chinese, 6, 158
Arrow, The Pointed: see Jackson,
Andrew
Arroyo Grande, Uruguay, South
America: battle of (1842), 31, 139
Arroyo Hondo, New Mexico: massa-
cre of (1847), 22, 305
Arruntius, Lucius (d. 37 A. D.), Ro-
man consul 6 A. D.: death of, 4, S3
Arsames (ca. 333 B. C), Persian sa-
trap: 2, 491
Arschot: see Aerschot
Arses, King of Persia, 339 B. C: reign
of, i, 168
Arsilla, Africa: siege of (1471), 8, 316
Arsites (ca. 334 B. C), Persian satrap:
commands against Alexander, 2,
488
Art (Painting and Sculpture):
ASSYRIA and BABYLONIA: de-
scription of, I, 103
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: in the 13th
century, 17, 86; first school of art
in Bohemia, 116; under Charles VI,
192; destruction by Joseph II, 268;
in the 19th century, 415
BELGIUM: Flemish school, 13, 220
CHINA: in the 17th century, 6, 39
ENGLAND: Van Dyck and Lely,
II, 418; under Queen Anne, 466
GREECE: works of Pheidias, 3,
255
HOLLAND and BELGIUM: John
of Bruges, 13, 63
INDIA: traces of the Greeks, 5, 71
IRELAND: description of, 12, 8;
the Cross of Cong, 47
ITALY: "David" by Donatello, 4,
284; Doors of Baptistry at Flor-
ence by Lorenzo Ghiberti, 284;
bronze statue of Julius II by Mi-
chael Angelo Buonarotti, 297; pic-
tures on walls and roof of Sistine
Chapel at Rome by Michael Angelo
Buonarotti, 297; the Transfiguration
by Raphael Sanctius, 299; Leonardo
da Vinci, 298; Bernini, Giovanni
Lorenzo, 411; Daedalus and Icarus,
Cupid and Psyche, group of Her-
cules and Lycas, Theseus with the
Centaur by Canova, 411; Nicola of
Pisa, Cimabue, Giotto Fra Angelico,
Botticelli, Benozzo Gozzoli, Ghir-
landaio, Petro Perugino, Francia,
Lorenzo Corta, Michael Angelo,
Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Gior-
gione, Titian and Correggio, 413
JAPAN: in the 6th century A. D.,
7, 18; statue of Buddha, 32, 125; in
the Nara Epoch, 33; forging, 81;
Japanese artists, 106; metal work,
107; lacquer work, 107
LYDIA: description of, 1, 149
PERSIA: description of, 1, 177; un-
der the Sassanian Dynasty, 5, 323
SCANDINAVIA: Fogelberg, 16,
264
SOUTH AMERICA: Brazil, 21,
165; Ecuador, 106; Paraguay, 20, 96
SWITZERLAND: arts at St. Gall,
*3, 343; carvings and painted glass,
429, 451, 454, 455
Artabazus, a Persian general (ca. 480
B. C): satrap, 2, 205, 211
Artaphernes (ca. 500 B. C), Satrap of
Lydia, 2, 133, 158
Artaphernes the Younger (ca. 490 B.
C), 2, 163
Artavelde, Jacob van, Flemish dema-
gogue: born at Ghent, 1285; became
a rich brewer and by his eloquence
and talents acquired influence and
popularity; formed an alliance with
Edward III of England, 1335; be-
came president of Flanders about
1337; induced the Flemings to
recognize Edward III as king of
France, 1340; he was killed by the
populace, July 9, 1345
Leads insurrection of Ghent, 9,
33, 13, 33, 17, 158; death of, 34
GENERAL INDEX
47
Artaveldc, Philip van .(1340-1382), a
Flemish popular leader: leads insur-
rection in Ghent, 13, 34; death of,
35
Artaxerxes I: see Ardashir
Artaxerxes (II) Mnemon (405-361 B.
C), King of Persia: reign of, 1,
167; succeeds Darius, a, 388; claims
the cities of Asia, 405
Artaxerxes (III) Okhos, King of Per-
sia, 361-338 B. C: his conquest of
Egypt, I, 33
Arteaga (ca. i860), a Mexican gen-
eral: in the Reform War, aa, 383
Artemis, a Greek mythological god-
dess: confused attributes of, a, 39;
worshipped at Ephesus, 52
Artemisia (ca. 480 B. C.), Queen of
Halecarnassus: advises Darius, a,
202
Artemisium, Greece: battle of (480 B.
C.), a, 189
Artemius: see Anastasius
Arteta, South American statesman:
president of Ecuador (1867-1868),
ai, 116
Arthur, King, legendary King of Brit-
ain: legend of, 11, 24
Arthur, Port: see Port Arthur
Arthur, Prince (1 187-1203), count of
Brittany: claims throne of England,
9, 76, 11, 121; murdered, 11, 122
Arthur, Prince of Wales, 1486-1502:
marriage and death, 11, 229
Arthur, Chester A. (1830-1886), Presi-
dent of the United States, Sept. 19,
1881-1885: nominated Vice Presi-
dent, 34, 929; accession to Presi-
dency, 935; reconstructs cabinet,
936; candidate for President (1884),
042; vetoes Chinese bill, 958; con-
cludes treaty with Nicaragua, 959
Articles of Confederation, the first in-
strument of government of the
United States: adopted (1777), 33,
298; rejected, 321; defects of, 325
Artigas, Jos* (1755-1851), a South
American revolutionary general: ac-
knowledged as head of the Banda
Oriental, ai, 70; death of, 119
Artois, Count de: see Charles X, King
of France
Artois, Robert, Count d' (1250-1302),
French soldier: his campaign in Na-
varre, 8, 208
Artour, General, a French general
(ca. 1635): sent to the assistance of
Piedmont, 4, 322
Arundel, Earl of (d. ca. 1395): wins
naval victory, 11, 181; takes arms
against Richard, 181; executed, 184
Arundel, Thomas (1353-1413), Arch-
bishop of Canterbury: banished, 11,
184
Arverni, a Gallic tribe: league of, 3.
298; joins Gallic rebellion, 306; at
war with the /Edni, 18, 10
Aryans, members of Indo-European
race: in India, 5, 36; exodus of the,
ao, 5
Arzema, queen of Persia: deposed, 1,
259
Asan, Korea: battle of (1804), 6, 266
A sana Naganori (ca. 1700), a Japanese
feudal chief: story of, 7, 152
Asano Naganori (ca. 1700), a Japanese
ese leader: at battle of Sekigahara,
7. 123
Asbjorn Estridsen (ca. 1050), a Dan-
ish naval commander: invades Eng-
land, 16, 68
Ascension Island, Atlantic Ocean: oc-
cupied by Great Britain, 19, 213;
sketch of, 20, 263
Asculum, Italy: massacre of all resi-
dent Romans, 3, 206
Asellio (1st century B. C), urban
pretor: murdered, 3, 209
Asfeld, Marquis d' U667-1743), French
general: his campaign in Germany,
9. 236
Ashanti, West Africa: annexed by
England (1901), 19, 159
Ashbourne Acts (1885, 1888), attempt
to settle land question in Ireland,
1 a, 242
Ashburton, Alexander Baring, Lord
(1774-1848), English merchant and
statesman: negotiates settlement of
Northeast Boundary Dispute, 24,
531; refuses to negotiate settlement
of Northwest Boundary Dispute,
542
Ashburton Treaty, concluded (1842)
between United States and Great
Britain, 24. 531
48
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Ashikaga Mochiuji, Japanese adminis-
trator (1425): revolt of, 7, 95
Ashikaga Motouji, son of Takauji (ca.
1400): at Kamakura, 7, 92; joins re-
bellion of Ouchi Yoshihiro, 95
Ashikaga Takauji (d. 1357), Japanese
lord: his campaign in Kyoto, 7, 86;
sketch of, 87; death of, 91
Ashikaga Yoshiaki (ca. 1570), sho-
gunate of, 7, 101; opposes growing
influence of Oda Nobunaga, in
Ashikaga Yoshiakira, Shogun of Ja-
pan 1357-1368: reign of, 7, 91
Ashikaga Yoshihisa, son of Yoshi-
masa: birth of (ca. 1460), 7, 97
Ashikaga Yoshikazu (ca. 1440), Sho-
gun of Japan: reign of, 7, 96
Ashikaga, Yoshimasa (ca. 1450), Sho-
gun of Japan: shogunate of, 7, 96
Ashikaga Yoshimi (ca. 1460), Japan-
ese priest: assumes the duties of a
regent, 7, 97
Ashikaga Yoshimitsu (ca. 1409) : re-
gency of, in Japan, 7, 91, 92; his re-
lations with China, 102
Ashikaga Yoshimochi, Japanese sho-
gun (1400): reign of, 7, 92; severs
official intercourse between Japan
and China, 103
Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shogun
(1428): reign of, 7, 95; reopens offi-
cial intercourse with China, 103
Ashikaga Yoshiteru (d. 1565) : assassi-
nated, 7, 100
Ashley, Anthony Ashley Cooper,
Lord: see Shaftsbury, Charles Ash-
ley Cooper, Earl of
Ashraf, Afghan chief, ruler of Persia
1725-1729: reign of, 5, 350
Ashtaroth, Canaanite goddess: Phoe-
nician model for Aphrodite, 2, 28
Ashur-bani-pal (Asurbanipal, Assur-
banipal, or Sardanapalus), King of
Assyria 668-626 B. C: made two
successful expeditions against
Egypt, 670-650 B. C; protected and
promoted Assyrian art; collected all
the cuneiform literature then in ex-
istence and deposited the tablets in
the royal library of the palace
Reign of, 1, 90; captures Tyre,
125; relations of, with Gyges of
Lydia, 145; Greek story of, 2, 120
Ashur-bel-nisheshu, King of Assyria,
1480 B. C: concludes treaty with
Babylonia, 1, 78
Ashur-dan I, King of Assyria 1208-
1150 B. C. : conquest of Babylonia,
1, 78
Ashur-dan II, King of Assyria 930-911
B. C. : reign of, 1, 79
Ashur-danin-apal, prince of Assyria
(ca. 800 B. C.): rebellion of, 1, 81
Ashur-etil-ilani, King of Assyria, ca.
626 B. C. : reign of, 1, 91
Ashur-nazir-pal III, King of Assyria
885-860 B. C. : reign of, 1, 79; in-
vades Phoenicia, 123
Ashur-nirari, King of Assyria 754-
745 B. C; reign of, I, 82
Ashur-resh-ishi, King of Assyria, ca.
1 100 B. C. : defeats Nebuchadrez-
zar, 1, 78
Asia: Greek prosperity in, 2, 513; an-
cient connection with America, 23,
3
Asia Minor, Peninsula of western
Asia: connection with Greece, 2, 20,
22, 23; piratical tribes of, harass
Egypt, 25; Greek colonization in,
51; geography of, 52; assigned to
Antigonous after death of Alexan-
der, 512; becomes an integral part
of Europe, 14, 3
Asiatic Squadron, under Dewey
(1898): at Hong Kong, 24, 1028
Asiatic Trading Company (1750), in
India: protected by Frederick the
Great, 5, 174
Asiaticus (ca. 70 A. D.), Roman freed-
man: becomes a power in Rome, 4,
72
Askalon, Asia: stormed and sacked, 1,
27
Askalonians: see Philistines
Aslanduz, Persia: battle of (1810), 5,
359
Asoka, King of Magadha 260-223 B.
C: accepts Buddhism, 5, 60; con-
cludes treaty with Antiochus II, 71
Aspasia (ca. 440 B. C), celebrated
Milesian woman of great talents
and beauty: account of, 2, 273
Aspern, Lower Austria: battle of
(1809), 9, 335, 10, 479, 17, 298, 18,
377
GENERAL INDEX
49
Assada, Madagascar: founded, 5, 164
Assada Merchants: see Courten's As-
sociation
Assassinations:
B. C
611. Psammetichus I of Egypt, a,
94
514. Hipparchus, a, 111
411. Phrynicus, tragic poet, a, 360
404. Alcibiades, a, 384
379. Leontiades, a, 424
379. Polemarchs, a, 424
370. Jason of Pherae, a, 438
367. Euphron of Sicyon, a, 453
362. Alexander of Pherae, a, 488
ca. 360. Timophanes of Corinth, a
453
359. Alexander II, a, 457
353. Dion, a, 416
336. Philip II, a, 481
332. Alexander the Molossian, 3,
68
330. Darius III, a, 409
329. Parmenio, a, 500
317. Philip Arrhidaeus, a, 511
311. Roxana and Alexander, a, 511
308. Cleopatra, a, 511
294. Alexander, a, 514
280. Selencis, a, 515
221. Hasdrubal, 8, 14
140. Viriatus, 8, 19
no. Massiva, 3, 189
91. Marcus Livius Drusus, 3, 204
87. Quintus Rufus, 3, 212
78. Quintus Ofella, 3, 239
72. Quintus Sertorius, 8, 21
52. Publius Clodius Pulchcr, 3, 320
48. Gnaeus Pompeius, 3, 351
44. Gaius Julius Caesar, 4, 6
43. Decimus, 4, 14
43. Marcus Tullius Cicero, 4, 15
A. D.
14. Agrippa Postumus, 4, 47
40. Caligula, 4, 58
60. Agrippina, 4, 64
69. Servius Sulpicius Galba, 4, 70,
69. Vitellius Aulus, 4, 74
96. Domitian, 4, 85
192. Lucius Aurclius Commodus, 4
99
217. Caracalla, 4, 102
353. Gallus Ilostilius, 4, 109
253. Aemilianus, 4, 110
267. Posthumus, Emperor of
Rome, 9, 13
.75. Claudius Lucius Domit'us
Aurelian, 4, 1 1 1
282. M. Aurelus Probus, a, 626
350. Constans I, 4, 123
392. Valentinian II, 4, 135
395. Rufinus, 4, 137
408. Stilicho and family, 18, 36
414. Ataulphus, 8, 36
415. Sigeric, King of the Goths, 8,
36
452. Thorismund, King of the
Goths, 8, 38
454. Aetius, Roman general, 18, 43
455. Valentinian III, 4, 149
466. Theodoric II, King of the
Goths, 8, 38
509. Ragnachor, chief of Ther-
ouanne, and his brother Rig-
nomere, 9, 21
509. Sigibert, King of the Ripua-
rians, 9, 21
532. Sons of Clodomir, King of
Orleans, 9, 25
535. Amalasontha, 4, 159
550. Thendisel, 8, 40
554. Agilan, King of the Goths, 8,
40
575. Sigibert I, King of Austrasia,
9, 27, 18, 62
584. Chilperic I, Prankish king, 9,
28, 18, 63
613. Brunhilda, 9, 31
628. Sigibert, King of Burgundy,
9. 31
ca. 642. Iruka, 7, 20
ca. 642. Prince Yamashiro, 7. 20
656. Othman, Mohammedan kalif,
5, 326
661. AH, Mohammedan kalif, 5, 326
673. Chilperic II, Prankish king,
and family, 9, 34
678. Dagobert II, Frankish king,
9. 35
681. Ebroin, mayor of the Palace,
9. 35
714. Grimoald, mayor of Neustria,
9. 36
715. Abderlasis-ben-Muza, 8, 63
50
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
768. Waifar, King of Aquitaine, 9,
4i
844. Bernardo, Count of Barcelona,
8, 222
859. Zeid ben Cassim, 8, 75
946. Eadmund, King of the West
Saxons, XI, 47
976. Mahon, King of Munster, II,
40
979. Eadward the Martyr, King of
the West Saxons, II, 56
ca. 1000. Hugh of Beauvais, 9, 67
1017. Ali-ben-Hamad, 8, 81
1026. Don Garcia, 8, 139
1070. Eadwine, II, 73
1072. Alfonso (II) the Brave, King
of Leon and Castile, 8, 143
1076. Sancho III, King of Na-
varre, 8, 201
1086. Knud IV, King of Denmark,
and his brother, Benedict, 16, 73
1093. Omar, King of Badajoz and
two sons, 8, 90
1093. Duncan II, King of Scotland,
12, 259
1 100. William II, King of England,
11,87
1134. Niels I, King of Denmark,
16, 77
1 170. Thomas a Becket, 9, 74, II,
106
1 186. Hugh de Lacy, 12, 55
ca. 1200. Hiki Yoshikazu, 7, 69
1203. Prince Arthur of England, 9
76, 11, 122
1219. Sanetomo, 7, 69
1233. Conrad of Marburg, 18, 163
1234. Richard Marshal, 12, 57
1286. Erik (V) dipping, King of
Denmark, 16, no
1288. Don Lope, 8, 157
1290. Ladislas IV, King of Hun-
gary, 17, 59
1306. The Red Comyn, 12, 277
1306. Vacslav V, King of Bohemia
17, 81
1307. Hermann Gesler, 13, 368
1308. Albert I, Holy Roman Em-
peror, 17, 101, 18, 185
1320. Andrew, son of Charles Rob-
ert of Anjou, 17, 152
1325. Ismail ben Ferag, King of
Granada, 8, in
1327. Edward II, King of England,
11, 155
1332. Mohammed (IV) ben Ismail,
8, 113
ca. 1339. Prince Morinaga, 7, 87
1340. Gerhard III (Black Geert),
Count of Holstein, 16, 114
1345. Andrew, King of Naples, 4,
260
1349. Constable of France, 8, 210
1352. Yussef Abdul Hegiag ben Is-
mail, King of Granada, 8, 115
1355- Donna Inez de Castro, 8,
288
1357. Lord of Conflans, marshal of
Champagne, and Robert of Cler-
mont, marshal of Normandy, 9,
100
1358. Don Juan, infante of Aragon,
8, 164
1360. Ismail ben Yussef, 8, 116
1361. Blanche de Bourbon, 8, 165
1366. Archbishop of Santiago, 8,
167
1381. Wat Tyler, II, 175
1382. Joanna I, Queen of Naples,
4, 261
J 383. Joam Fernando Anderio, 8,
297
1384. Louis de Male, Count of
Flanders, 13, 35
1386. Charles III of Durazzo,
King of Naples, 4, 261
1389. Murad (Amurath) I, 14, 36
1407. Louis of Orleans, 9, no
1412. Giovanni Maria Visconti,
Duke of Milan, 4, 250
1419. John the Fearless, Duke of
Burgundy, 9, 113, 13, 39, 18, 39
1419. Louis, Duke of Orleans, 13,
39
1436. James I, King of Scotland,
12, 292
1450. Bailiff of Schwyz, 13, 366
1450. William de la Pole, Earl of
Suffolk, 11, 209
1456. Count of Cilly, 17, 161
1469. Don Pedro de Peralta, 8, 214
1471. Henry VI, King of England,
II, 217
1476. Galeazzo Maria Sforza, 4,
265
1478. Julian de' Medici, 4, 268
GENERAL INDEX
51
1483. Diego, Prince of Viseo, 8,
321
1483. Princes in the Tower, II, 231
1487. Bemohi, King of the Jalofs,
8. 3*3
1488. James III, King of Scotland,
ia, 208
1515. Yahia ben Tafut, 8, 335
1524. Cristoval de Olid, 22, 430
1534. Archbishop of Dublin, 11, 79
1536. Ibrahim, Grand Vizier of
Turkey, 14, 167
1541. Friar Martinuzzi, 17, 219
154 1. Francisco Pizarro, ao, 45, 21,
26
1541. Vincent de Valverde, 21, 27
1557- Joam III, King of Portugal,
8, 439
1560. Pedro de Ursua, 21, 29
1561. Mustapha, son of Suleiman
the Great, 14, 169
1562. Francis of Guise, 9, 154
1565. Shogun Yoshiteru, 7, 100
1566. David Rizzio, 11, 282, 12, 316
1507. Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley,
11, 282, 12, 316
1567. Matthew, Earl of Tyrone, 12,
87
1568. Miguel de Rojas, 8, 369
1569. Louis of Conde, 9, 156
1570. Albaqui, 8, 371
1570. James Stuart, Earl of Mur-
ray, 12, 321
1578. Juan de Escovedo, 8, 373
1582. Oda Nobunaga, 7, 112
1582. Akcchi Mitsuhide, 7, 112
1584. William (I) the Silent, of
Nassau, Prince of Orange, 11,293,
13, 142
1588. Cardinal of Guise, 9, 164
1588. Duke of Guise, 9, 164
1589. Henry III, King of France,
9. 165
1602. Abu Fazl, 5, 117
1610. Henry IV, King of France,
9. 176, 13, 192, 18, 266
1617. Concini, Marquis of Ancrc,
9. 180
1622. Othman II, Sultan of Tur-
key, 14, 213
1632. Charles IV, Duke of Lor-
raine, 9, 189
1632. Hahz Pasha, Grand Vizier of
Turkey, 14, 218
1634. Albrecht Eusebius von Wal-
lenstein, Duke of Friedland,
Mechlenberg and Sagan, 17, 211,
18,287
1639. George Jenatsch, 13, 463
1702. Yoshinaka, 7, 152
1730. Patrona Khalil, leader of
Janissary rebellion, 14, 295
1748. Nizan-ul-Mulk, 3. 331
1762. Peter III, Emperor of Rus-
sia, is, 158
1764. Ivan VI, Emperor of Russia,
15, 163
1789. Jacques de Flesselles, 10, 67
1792. Gustavus III, King of Swe-
den, 15, 189, 16, 249
1793. Lepelletier-Saint-Fargeau, 10,
240
'793- Jean Paul Marat, 9, 285, 10,
268
1797. Agha Mohammed, 5, 358
1798. General Duphot, 10, 399
1798. Riberjot Bonnier and Jean
Derby, French plenipotentiaries,
10, 401
1800. General Kleber, 10, 440
1801. Paul I of Russia, 9, 318, 15,
203
1806. Dessalincs, Emperor of Hay-
ti, 20, 141
1808. Selim II, Sultan of Turkey,
14, 401
1819. August von Kotzebue, 18,
394
1820. Duke of Berry, 9, 372
1822. Ali Pasha, vizier of Janina,
a, 54i
1827. Dorrego Manuel, president
of Buenos Ayres, 21, 123
1829. Alexander Sergevitch Gri-
boiedov, 15, 283
1834. Hamsad Bey, 15, 298
1835. Quiroga, 21, 124
1848. Rossi, Count of Pellegrino, 4,
364
1848. General Auerswald and
Prince Lichnowsky, 18, 400
1854. Ferdinand Charles III, Duke
of Parma, 4, 369
1863. Hcrmani, 15, 328
52
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
1865. Abraham Lincoln, 24, 826
1868. Venancio Flores, ai, 146
1870. General Prim, 8, 512
1870. Justo Jose de Urquiza, ax,
133
1872. Jose Balta, ax, 210
1875. Gabriel Garcia Moreno, 21,
116, 244
1875. Suzini, ai, 136
1876. Hussein Avni, 14, 475
1881. Alexander II, Emperor of
Russia, 13, 589, 15, 339
1881. James Abram Garfield, 24,
934
1882. Lord Frederick Cavendish,
12, 239
1882. Burke, 12, 239
1897. Juan Idiarte Borda, 21, 259
1899. D. Ulysses Hereux, 22, 503
1900. Baron von Kettler, 6, 282, 7,
281
1900. Sugiyama, chancellor of
Japanese legation, 6, 300, 7, 281
1900. Francis James, 6, 302
1900. Humbert I, King of Italy, 4,
405
1901. Toru Hoshi, 7, 229
1901. William McKinley, 24, 1049
1902. Elizabeth of Bavaria, Em-
press of Austria, 17, 456
1905. Delyanni, 2, 549
1906. Spiaguine, 15, 356
1906. Sergius, Grand Duke of Rus-
sia, 15, 364
1906. Von Plehve, Governor of
Finland, 15, 360
Assassins, military and religious order
in Syria, founded in Persia (1090):
organization of, 5, 332
Assaye, British India: battle of (1803),
5, 136, 201
Assemblies, American Colonial: rise
of, in executive and legislative
power, 23, 107; general treatment,
120; powers, 121
Assembly, The Spartan, 2, 64
Asshur (A-sur, A-usar, Kilah-Sher-
ghat), ancient capital of Assyria:
location of, 1, 64; revolt of, 82
Asshurbanapal: see Ashur-bani-pal
Assiento Treaty (1713), a treaty be-
tween England and Spain, 11, 464
Assietta, Col of, Italy: battle of,
(1743), 4, 333
Assignats, French Revolutionary
bonds: sale of, 10, 372
Assinie, Africa: claimed by France,
19, 49
Association of Merchant Adventurers:
founded (1580), 16, 301
Assuan (Suan Syene), Upper Egypt:
location of, 1, 7
Assumption, capital of Paraguay:
founded (1536), 20, 92; taken by
allied forces of Brazil, Uruguay and
Argentine (1869), 21, 159
Assumption, Treaty of (181 1), a treaty
between Paraguay and Buenos
Ayres, 21, 147
Assurbanipal: see Ashur-bani-pal
Assyria: see Babylonia and Assyria
Assyria, Province of, a Roman prov-
ince: founded (115 A. D.), 4, 89
Astolphus, King of Italy 749-756 A.
D. : reign of, 4, 172; at war with
Pope Zacharias, 9, 40
Astor, John Jacob, a German-Ameri-
can merchant: born at Waldorf,
near Heidelberg, in Germany, July
!7> 1763; he emigrated to the United
States in 1783 and invested his capi-
tal in furs which he sold in Lon-
don at great profit; he next settled
in New York City and speculated
in New York realty and, during the
war of 1812, in government securi-
ties in addition to a continued trade
in furs; at his death in New York
City, March 29, 1848, his fortune
was estimated at $20,000,000; he
left $400,000 to establish the Astor
Library
One of three early millionaires,
2 3, 479! founds Astoria, 24, 542
Astrabad, Persia: ceded to Russia
(1722), is, 79
Astrakhan, Russia: siege of, 14, 193;
conquest of (1554), 15, 15
Astronomy: among the Egyptians, X,
52; among the Babylonians and As-
syrians, 109; among the Saracens,
347
Astrowno, Russia: battle of (1812),
10, 485
GENERAL INDEX
W
Asturians, a Celtic tribe, in Spain: de-
scription of, 8, 7
Astyages (Istuvegu), King of the
Medes 584-549 B. C: reign of, 1,
159
Astyochus (fifth century B. C): Spar-
tan admiral, a, 352
Asuncion: sec Assumption
A-sur: see Asshur
Asykhis: see Shepses-ka-f
Atacama, Desert of, Chili: desired by
Chili, ai, 233
Atace (ca. 410 A. D.), chief of the
Alaus: leads the invasion of the
Alaus into Spain, 8, 35
Atahualpa, Inca of Peru, 1495-1533:
career of, 21, 19; death of, 20
Ataide, Luis de (d. 1580), Portuguese
noble: viceroy of the Indies, 5, 151,
8, 458
Ataide, Nuno Fernandos de (d. ca.
1515), a Portuguese general: cam-
paigns in Africa, 8, 334; death of,
335
Ataide, Pedro de (ca. 1483): attempts
to assassinate Joam II of Portugal,
8, 321
Atapuerca, Spain: battle of (1054), 8,
200
Atarbas (ca. 250 B. C), a Phoenician
admiral: at the battle of Drepana,
3. 103
Ataulf (Adolph) (d. 415 A. D.), King
of the Visigoths 410-415 A. D.:
founds the kingdom of the Visi-
goths in Spain, 4, 145; leads Gothic
invasion of Spain, 8, 36; establishes
Visigoths in southern Gaul, 18, 37;
death of, 39
Atbara, Africa: battles of the (1898),
11, 638; (1896), 19, 272
Athalaric (517-534), Gothic king:
reign of, 4, 159, 9, 25; succeeds
Thcodoric II, 8, 39
Athaliah (d. 837 B. C), widow of
Jchoram of Judah: seizes govern-
ment of Judah, 1, 395
Athanagild (d. 567 A. D.), king of the
Goths 554-567 A. D.: reign of, 8,
40, 50
Athanaric (d. 381 A. D.), Visigothic
king: defeated by the Huns, 18, 33
Athapascan Indians, a tribe of North
American Indians: independent of
other families, aj, 7; location, 7
Atharva-Veda, the fourth of the
Vedas: rise of, 5, 42
Athemy, Ireland: battle of (1316), ia,
60
Athena, a Greek mythological god-
dess: in Greek theology, a, 40;
Lycurgus enjoins worship of, 63
Athenion (ca. 100 B. C), a Sicilian
insurrectionist: leader of revolt in
Sicily, 3, 187
Athens (City of the Violet Crown),
Greece: at war with Persia, 1, 166;
Long Walls rebuilt, 167; Homeric
insignificance of, a, 33; early his-
tory of, 97; government of, 98;
social order in, 09; war with Me-
gara, 102; social order in time of
Solon, 105; republic restored, 113;
aids the Ionians, 134; wars with
Cleomenes, 141; with Aegina and
Thebes, 143; reforms of Cleisthenes
in, 145; defeats the Persians at
Marathon, 168; second war with
Aegina, 173; occupied by Xerxes,
198; evacuated by the Persians, 206;
Mardonius completes destruction of,
208; reforms of Aristeides, 230:
building up of her empire, 232;
heads Confederacy of Delos, 238; at
war with Corinth and Aegina, 242;
with Bceotia, 243; her successes,
244, 246; loses Bceotia and Euboea,
247; at war with Sparta, 248; makes
the Thirty Years' peace, 249; un-
der Pericles, 251; colonies of, 258;
assists Corcyra, 267; engages in
Pcloponnesian war, 272; resources
compared with Sparta's, 275; plague
at, 282; debates in Ecclesia at, 294,
296; rejects overtures of Sparta,
303; accepts temporary peace, 315;
makes peace with Sparta, 317; al-
lied to Argos and Elis, 321; sends
expedition to Sicily, 328; decline of,
349; continues the war, 351; oligar-
chic conspiracy at. 355, 357; con-
spiracy of the Four Hundred at,
358; reject terms with Sparta, 365:
distress at, 371; trial of the generals
at, 373; besieged by Agis and Lysan-
dcr, 376; surrenders, 378; causes of
54
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
her downfall, 379; under the thirty ty-
rants, 383, 385; delivered by Thrasy-
bulus, 386; joins Boeotian League,
397; her walls rebuilt by Conon, 402;
naval efforts of, 404; in peace of
Antalcidas, 405; again allied to
Thebes, 428; forms second naval
league against Sparta, 429; makes
peace with Sparta, 432; joins Sparta
against Thebes, 442; attacks Cor-
inth, 446; joins in the peace of 362
B. C., 451; engages in the Social
War, 454; troubles with Philip of
Macedon, 459, 461; makes peace
with Philip, 467; second struggle
with Philip, 472; war declared, 474;
allied with Thebes, 475; submits to
Philip, 478; beaten at Chaeroneia,
478; submits to Alexander, 486; in
division of Alexander's empire, 512;
Romans attracted to, 513, 521; joins
Achaean League, 516; siege of (87
B. C), 2, 522, 3, 217; adorned by
Hadrian, 2, 523; Frankish dukedom
of, 536; captured by Turks (1456),
536; modern capital of Greece, 548;
University of, 549; taken by Bayesid
(i397) *4> 455 captured by Turks
(1826), 417
Athlone, Ireland: sieges of (1690), 12,
144
Athos, Mount, Macedonia, Greece:
Xerxes cuts a canal through, 2, 183
Atlanta, Georgia: objective point of
Sherman's march, 24, 786; Sher-
man's advance on, 794; siege of, 797;
political effect of fall of, 801; In-
ternational Cotton Exposition held
at (1881), 940
Atlanta Exposition, The (1895), 24,
1010
Atlantic Ocean: first regular naviga-
tion of, 3, 295; called the Sea of
Darkness, 23, 23
Atristain, Miguel (ca. 1850), a Mex-
ican politician: signs Treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo, 22, 377
Attalus I (d. 197 B. C), King of Per-
gamus 241-197: becomes king, 3,
138; applies to Rome for aid against
Antiochus, 143; recompensed by
Rome after war with Antiochus,
145; made emperor by Alaric, 4, 141
Attalus, (d. 336 B. C.) a Macedonian
general: general of Philip, 2, 481;
slain, 485
Attempts on the English Throne:
1066. William of Normandy, 9, 68,
xi, 66
1139. Matilda, II, 95
1216. Louis (VIII) the Lion, King
of France, II, 128
1399. Henry of Lancaster, 11, 185
1450. Jack Cade, II, 209
1460. Henry, Duke of York, II, 212
1471. Edward IV, II, 217
1485. Henry Tudor, Earl of Rich-
mond, 11, 222
1487. Lambert Simnel supported
by Lord Lovel, and the Earl of
Lincoln, 11, 224
1496. James IV, King of Scotland,
in support of Perkin Warbeck,
II, 228
1568. Dukes of Northumberland
and Westmoreland in support of
Mary Queen of Scots, 11, 283
1587. Philip II, King of Spain, 11,
295, 13, 153
1685. James Fitzroy, Duke of
Monmouth, 11, 422
Attica, Greece: compared with Boeo-
tia, 2, 13; geography of, 2, 14;
autochthonous claims of, 26; early
history of, 97
Atticus, Titus Pomponius (109-32 B.
C.) a Roman scholar: life of, 3,
381
Attila, surnamed the Scourge of God,
and the Sword of Mars, King of
the Huns 434-453 A. D.; ruled with
his brother Bleda, 434-445 A. D.
when his brother either died or was
assassinated, after which he reigned
alone; he invaded the Empire of the
East, 447 A. D.; in 451 A. D., he
invaded Gaul and besieged Orleans,
but was defeated at Chalons-sur-
Marne by the Roman army under
Aetius, and the Visigoths under
Theodoric; the following year, 452
A. D., he led an army into northern
Italy, which he ravaged, and threat-
ened Rome; after an interview with
Pope Leo I, Attila granted the
Romans a truce and retired to
GENERAL INDEX
55
Pannomia where he died, 453 A. D.;
he was buried at night and the
prisoners who dug the grave were
executed in order that his burial
place might never be known
Defeated by Aetius, a, 530; sketch
of, 4, 147; career of, 17, 16, 18, 40;
invasion of Spain, 8, 38; leads Hun
invasion, 9, 17
Attiret, Jean Denis (1702-1768) a
French painter and Jesuit mis-
sionary in China, 6, 88
Aubiers, France: battle of (i793) *o
249
Aubusson, Pierre d' (1423- 1503)
Grand Master of Knights of St.
John: account of, 14. 109
Auckland, George Eden, Earl of
(1784-1849), his governor-general-
ship of India, 5, 215
Auckland, New Zealand: made cap-
ital, 20, 212
Audience Question, The, in Chinese
history: raised, 6, 80, 231, 232; am-
bassadors received within the pal-
ace, 258, 259, 260; direct access to
emperor granted, 286; see also
K'ot'ow, The
Audubon Park, New Orleans: Cotton
Centennial held in, 24, 940
Auer, Hans (ca. 1430), a Swiss poet:
sketch of, 13. 427
Auersperg, Prince Adolf Wilhelm
Daniel (1821-1885), an Austrian
statesman: his campaign against
Vienna, 17, 376
Auersperg, Prince Karl Wilhelm
(1814-1890), an Austrian statesman:
made premier of Austria, 17, 402
Auerstadt, Prussia: battle of (1806), 9,
328, 16, 251, 18, 372
Auerswald, Hans Adolf Erdmann
von (1792-1848), a Prussian gen-
eral: death of, 18, 400
Augereau, Pierre Franjois Charles,
Duke of Castiglione ( 1 757-1816), a
French general: his campaigns
under the directory, 9, 298; given
command of the military division of
Paris, 304; made marshal of the
empire, 322; enters Paris at the
head of the troops, 10, 391; arrests
Pichegru, 391
Aughrim, Ireland: battles of (1602),
12, 104; (1691), 152
Augsburg, Germany: battles of (910
A. D.), 17, 43; (955 A. D), 17. 44.
188, 18, 112; submits to the em-
peror, 255; receives Gustavus Adol-
phus, 282; taken by Bavaria, 371
Augsburg, Diets of: (i53<>) 8 248;
(1555) 9. 147
Augsburg, Leagues of: (1686) a treaty
between Holland, the Emperor, the
Kings of Sweden and Spain, the
electors of Bavaria, Saxony and
the Palatinate against France, 13.
243; (1688) a treaty between the
Emperor, Spain, Holland, and Sa-
voy against France, 9, 217
Augsburg, Peace of, a treaty between
the Lutheran and Catholic estates
of Germany (1555) 9, 146, 17, 197,
18, 259
Augsburg Confession of Faith, the
Lutheran creed (1530), recognized
as the cult of Sweden, 16, 168, 18,
248
Augsburg Interim, The, a provisional
arrangement to settle religious dif-
ferences (1548) 18, 257
Augus, Irish chief (ca. 500 A. D.).
leads colonists to Scotland, 12, 38
August (1526-1586), Elector of Sax-
ony 1553-1586: favors Jacob Andrae,
16, 197
Augusta, Georgia: important trading
post, 23, 81; captured by British,
272; recaptured by Americans, 272;
Confederates seize arsenal, 24, 691;
threatened by Sherman, 807
Augustine (Austin), Saint, a Benedic-
tine Monk, called the Apostle of
England: he was first connected
with a monastery in Rome but was
sent by Pope Gregory I to convert
the Anglo-Saxons in 596 A. D.; he
succeeded in converting King
.F.thclberht, whose wife Bertha was
already a Christian; he became the
first Archbishop of Canterbury
about 600 A. D.; died at Canterbury,
May 26, 607 A. D.
Issues his " City of God," 4, 143;
sent to England, 1 1, 28; becomes
Archbishop of Canterbury, 29
56
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Augustus I, King of Poland: see Sig-
ismund (II) Augustus
Augustus (II) the Strong (1670-1733),
King of Poland and Elector of
Saxony: reign of, 15, 383, 18, 317;
his relations with Patkul, 15, 38,
46; in the Great Northern War, 16,
214, 221; deposition of, 217; his
treaty with Charles XII of Sweden,
15, 46; makes an alliance with Rus-
sia, 55; protected in Saxony, 63, 65;
regains his throne, 16, 226; Peter
supports, 15, 81; death of, 9, 235,
15, 117
Augustus III (1696-1763), King of
Poland and Elector of Saxony:
Russia supports his claims, 15, 109;
elected to the throne, 118; accession
of, 9> 235; reign of, 15, 381, 18,
306, 323; claims imperial crown, 9,
236; claims part of the Austrian
dominions, 17, 240; death of, 15
172, 18, 345
Augustus (early 19th century) Duke
of Leuchtenberg: marries Maria II
of Portugal, 8, 537
Augustus Caesar, called in his youth
Caius Octavius and after he became
the heir of Julius Caesar, known as
Caius Julius Caesar Octavianus,
Roman emperor, 27 B. C.-14 A. D.,
called Father of His Country:
born at Velitrae, in Latium, Septem
ber 23, 63 B. C; he assumed the
" toga virilis " when sixteen years
of age and was adopted as a son
by Julius Caesar; he accompanied
Caesar in his expedition to Spain, 45
B. C; he became a pupil of Apollo-
dorus of Pergamus under whom he
was studying at the time of Caesar's
assassination, 44 B. C; he hastened
to Rome but Marcus Antonius re-
fused to give him the papers and
property of the late dictator; he
gained the favor of the Senate
which gave him an army and he
defeated the forces of Antonius near
Mutina, 43 B. C; he then marched
to Rome, was elected consul,
August, 43 B. C, and formed a tri-
umvirate with Antonius and Lep-
idus; took part in the conscription
of 43 B. C. and in the victory over
Brutus and Cassius at Philippi, 42
B. C; carried on the Perusian War,
41-40 B. C; became more closely
allied with Antonius who married
Octavia, the sister of Octavianus,
40 B. C; defeated Sextus Pompey,
36 B. C; defeated Antonius and
Cleopatra in the battle of Actium,
31 B. C, and became sole master
of the Roman world; he was elected
consul several times, made Princeps
Senatus, 28 B. C, and given the title
of Augustus in 27; his reign was re-
markably pacific and Roman liter-
ature reached its highest point; he
died at Nola, August 19, 14 A. D.
In the second triumvirate, 4, 10;
marriage of, 14; at battle of Philippi,
18; returns to Italy, 19; rules at
Rome, 20; besieges Messana, 21; re-
turns to Rome after his Sicilian cam-
paign, 22; declares war on Egypt,
24; founds the empire, 29; given title
of Augustus, 31; his success among
the peoples of the Adriatic, 17, 12;
his campaign in Gaul, 4, 42; con-
dition of Gaul under, 9, 11; con-
dition of Germany under, 18, 14;
mourns for the legions of Varus,
19; Greece separated from Mace-
donia under, 2, 521; condition of
Spain under, 8, 24; adopts Tiberius
as his heir, 4, 43; death, 45; sum-
mary of his reign, 46
Aulis, Bceotia, Greece: Greek colo-
nization, 2, 53
Aulus Plautius (1st century A. D.),
Roman consul: invades Britain, 11,
8
Aumale, France: battle of (1592), 9,
168
Aumale, Charles de Lorraine, Duke
of, (1556-1631), French commander:
supports claims of Philip II of
Spain to the crown of France, 9,
170
Aumale, Mademoiselle d' (ca. 1660),
of a French noble family: marries
Alfonso VI of Portugal, 467;
marries Pedro II of Portugal, 8,
468
Aumont, Jacques, Duke d' (d. 1799),
GENERAL INDEX
57
French officer: offered the com-
mand of the militia, 10, 62
Aungier, Gerald (d. 1677), English of-
ficial: governor of Bombay, 5, 167
Aurai, France: battle of (1365), 9, 103
Aurangzeb (1618-1707), Mogul Em-
peror 1658-1707: usurps throne, 5,
120: reign of, 121
Aurelian (212-275 A. D.), Emperor of
Rome 270-275: reign of, 2, 525, 4,
no; makes treaty with Goths, 18,
29
Aurelio (Aurelius), King of Asturias
and Leon (ca. 770 A. D.) : reign of,
8, 131
Aurelius, Marcus: sec Marcus Au-
relius
Aurelle de Paladines (1804- 1877),
French general: in the Franco-
Prussian War, 18, 425
Aurogallus (1480-1543), Bohemian
scholar: assists Luther, 18, 244
A-usar: see Asshur
Ausculum, Italy: battle of (279 B. C),
3, 78
Ausones (ca. 8th century B. C.) in
Italy: in possession of Campania,
3, 7
Ausonia, The Ferocious Beast of: see
Caracalla. Roman Emperor
Aussig, Bohemia: siege of (1426), 17,
134
Austerlitz, Moravia, Austria-Hungary:
battle of (1805), 4, 347, 8, 484, 9,
326, 10, 465, 11, 557, 13, 267, 16,
251, 17, 294, 18, 367
Austin, Moses (1764-1821), American
pioneer: contracts for colonization
of Texas, 22, 279; receives grant of
land in Texas, 24, 532
Austin, Stephen F. (1793-1836),
founder of State of Texas: con-
tracts for colonization of Texas, 22,
279
Australia: discovered, 5, 154; sketch
of the history of, IX, 629: surveyed
and named, 20, 124; settlement of,
132
Australian Agricultural Company: or-
ganized in England before 1850, 20,
186
Australian Colonies Act, passed be-
fore 1850 regulating constitutions of
colonies, 20, 194
Australian Constitution Act, passed
by English Parliament (1900), 20,
207
Australian Government Act (1850),
establishing Victoria as a separate
colony, 20, 198
Austria, The Fabius of: see Daun,
Leopold Joseph Maria, Count von
Austria, The Ireland of: see Hungary
Austria-Hungary, History of: the
monarchy: its character and com-
ponent parts, 17, 3; primitive times,
the Roman occupation and the Ger-
man invasions, 10: the Slavs, 18;
Moravia and the Slav apostles, 29;
the founding of the Magyar state,
41; Hungary under the successors
of St. Stephen, 50; Bohemia and the
Premyslidcs, 62; early history of the
Austrian group the house of Bab-
enburg, 17, 88, 18, 116, 149; the Aus-
trian group under the first Haps-
burgs, 17, 99, 18, 181, 263; Bohemia
under the house of Luxemburg, 17,
113; Austria in the Holy Alliance,
14, 41; Bohemia and the Hussite
Wars, 17, 125; Bohemia under
Podiebrad and the Jagellons, 142;
Hungary under the house of Anjou
and the elective monarchy, 151;
Hunyady and the Hungarian wars
with the Turks, 159; the Austrian
emperors, 173; Bohemia: her first
Hapsburg kings, 194; invaded by
Suleiman the Great, 14, 152, 175;
Mnrad III at war with, 202; cam-
paigns of Ahmed Kiuprili in, 236;
the Thirty Years' War and the
overthrow of Bohemia, 17, 204:
Hungary divided, 216; Hungary
freed from the Turks and recon-
ciled to Austria, 227; Austria under
Ferdinand II of Germany, 18, 270:
Austria the principal power in Ger-
many, 298; campaigns of Damad Ali
in Austria, 14, 286; Austria in
Treaty of Passarowitz, 291; inter-
vention in Russo-Turkish war, 307;
attacks Turkey, 310; Maria Theresa,
'7. 239; the internal history of
58
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Austria under Maria Theresa, 251;
signs secret convention with Tur-
key (1771), *4, 332; Joseph II, 17,
264, 18, 349; Francis II and the wars
against the revolution, 279; plan,
of the campaign against, 10, 380;
at war with France, 14, 406, 17,
290, 319; in agreement of the Dar-
danelles, 14, 437; Hungary and the
Slav countries, 17, 330; Ferdinand
I Austria on the eve of revolution,
345; the revolutionary movement,
361; the Hungarian revolution, 368;
the Revolution in Vienna, 374; early
years of the reign of Francis Joseph
the period of reaction, 378; at-
tempts at constitutional government
the expulsion of Austria from
Germany, 386; the establishment of
dualism, 397; parliamentary strug-
gle for federalism, 408; acquisition
and incorporation of Bosnia and
Herzegovnia, 421; recent history,
432; her relation to the Eastern
Question, 14, 7; concludes treaty
with Japan, 7, 189; hostile to
Russia, 14, 487; in relation to mod-
ern Greece, 2, 548; arbitration
treaty of United States with (1904),
24, 1076
Austrian Lloyd, a navigation com-
pany at Trieste: established (1835),
17, 329
Austro-Prussian War, a war between
Austria and Prussia (1866): causes,
9 455; principal battles, Sadowa, 9,
455, Austozza, 17, 392, Lissa, 392;
peace treaty, Treaty of Prague, 392;
results, 392
Autharis (d. 590 A. D.) King of Italy
585-590 A. D. : reign, 4, 165; marries
Theodolina, 18, 54
Autun, France: battle of (532 A. D.),
13, 337
Autun, Bishop of: see Tallyrand Peri-
gord
Auvergne, Charles de Valois, Count
of (ca. 1600), son of Charles IX;
leader of discontented nobles, 9,
172; joins conspiracy of Entragues
174
Auxerre, France: battle of (843 A.
D.) 9, 50
Avars, an Asiatic tribe allied to the
Huns: invasion of, 14, 4, 17, 15;
become masters of the Danubian
territory, 17, 17; at war with the
Slavs, 19; attack Constantinople, 21;
disappear from history, 37; harass
the Longobards, 18, 51; their rela-
tions with Sigibert, 61; their wars
with Charlemagne, 83
Avein (Avennes), Belgium: battle of
(1635), 9, 191, 13, 212
Aveiro, Joam Alfonso de (ca. 1485),
a Portuguese explorer: explorations
of, 8, 323
Avellane, Admiral (ca. 1893), a Rus-
sian admiral: his visit to France, 15,
344
Avellaneda, Nicolas (1836-1885), a
statesman of Argentine Republic:
elected president of Argentina, 21,
135; his administration, 256
Avenches, Switzerland: battles of (ca.
1190), 13, 349; (1802), 518
Avendaiio, Colonel (d. ca. 1825), a
Paraguaian conspirator: leads in-
surrection, 21, 149
Avennes: see Avein
Aversa, Italy: founded, 4, 185
Avesnes, John d', Count of Hainault,
ca. 1299: becomes Count of Hol-
land, 13, 36
Avesta, the Bible of Zoroastrianism:
publication of, I, 163
Avila, d' (ca. 1800), a Spanish ad-
miral: at battle of the Bay of Gi-
braltar, 13, 183
Avila, Alonzo de (1485-1537), a Span-
ish soldier and adventurer: joins
Cortez, 22, 10; sent as ambassador
to Spain, 63; alleged conspiracy of,
120
Avila, Gil Gonzalez de (1 577-1658), a
Spanish biographer and antiquary:
alleged conspiracy of, 22, 120
Avila, Pedro Arias de (1442-1531), a
Spanish soldier and administrator:
orders execution of Balboa, 21, 17;
his explorations in Central America,
22, 436; puts Balboa to death, 23,
37
Avila, Sanchez d* (1523-1583), a
Spanish general: his campaign in
the Netherlands, 13, 117
GENERAL INDEX
59
Avitiabile, General, a Neapolitan com-
mander: trains the Sikh army, 5, 221
Avitus, Marcus Maecilius (400-457 A.
D.), an emperor of Western Roman
Empire: reign of, 4, 149
Awada-no-Mahito (8th century A.
D.), a Japanese scholar: scholarship
of, 7, 34
Axayacatl, a Mexican palace: siege of,
32, 34
Axel Hoide: see Absalon
Ayacucho, Peru: battle of (1825), 21,
73
Ayerst, Lieutenant (d. 1897), an Eng-
lish officer in Bombay: murder of,
3. 283
Ayesha (611-678 A. D), wife of Mo-
hammed: her influence over Mo-
hammed, I, 240; joins rebellion of
Telha and Zobeir, 245; takes ac-
count of the patrimony of Abu
Bekr, 256
Ayllon, Vasquez de (d. 1526) a Span-
ish explorer: attempts to conquer
and settle Carolina and Virginia,
33, 38; death, 38
Ayscue, Sir George (17th century), an
English admiral: at battle of Plym-
outh, 13, 230
Ayub ben Habib (ca. 710 A. D.): be-
comes emir of Spain, 8, 63
Ayub Kahn (ca. 1880), native Indian
chief, son of Shere AH: at war with
the British, 3, 258
Ayumen: see Tjumen
Azad Khan (ca. 1750), an Afghan
chief: reign of, 5, 355
Azamor, Africa: siege of (1513), 8,
333
Azamza, Miguel Jose de (1746-1826),
a Spanish statesman: his adminis-
tration as viceroy of New Spain, aa,
225
Azariah: see Uzziah
Azcarraga, General, member of Span-
ish cabinet 1904: ministry of, 8, 521
Azincourt: see Agincourt
Azio ben Abdelmelic (d. 1240), wali
of Lorca: refuses to acknowledge
supremacy of Castile, 8, 104
Aziru, prince of Arvad: at war with
Rib-Addi, 1, 122
Azores, Atlantic Ocean, west of Por-
tugal: sketch of, 19, 213; under
Portuguese rule, 20, 299
Azov, Russia: sieges of (1641), 14,
228; (1695-1696), 14, 266, 13, 32;
(1736), 15, 121; threatened by Rus-
sia, 14, 302
Aztec Calendar Stone, Mexico: de-
scription of, 22, 95
Aztecs: conditions at the time of the
arrival of Cortez, 22, 15; history of,
75; sketch of, 33, 6; turn against
Cortez, 39
Azumi-no-Hirafu (ca. 650 A. D.), a
Japanese naval commander: his
campaign in Korea, 7, 26
Azzo VII, Marquis of Esti, king of
Ferrara 1208: elected, 4, 200
B
Baal I, King of Tyre (ca. 670 B. C.) :
reign of, I, 124
Baalbec, Syria: description of, I, 279;
conquered by the Saracens, 279
Baardsson, Skule, Jarl of Norway,
Scandinavian noble (ca. 1240) : de-
feat of, 16, 99
Baasha ben Abijah (ca. 950 B. C):
usurps throne of Israel, 1, 389
Bab: see Sad (Mirza) Ali Mohammed
Babaeska, Turkey: battle of (1807),
14, 399
Babahoyo, Ecuador, South America:
battle of (i860), 21, in
Babar the Mogul (1483-1530), founder
of Mogul empire in India: invades
India, 5, 109
Babcock, Orville E. (1835-1884),
American general: sent to San Do-
mingo, 22, 503, 24, 879; member
of the "Whiskey Ring," 24, 895
Babington, Anthony (1561-1586), Eng-
lish Roman Catholic conspirator:
plots against Elizabeth, II, 294
Babis, The, Persian sect of Moham-
medans (1843): founded, 5, 362
Baboeuf Conspiracy, The, organized
against the French Directory
(1796): organized, 10, 376; betrayed
by Grisel, 377; trial and death of
the accomplices in, 378
Babylon, capital of Babylonia: loca-
tion of, 1, 66; captured by the As-
syrians (ca. 1280 B. C), 78; de-
stroyed (689 B. C), 88; enriched by
Nebuchadrezzar, 92; siege of (521
B. C), 1, 95, 163, 2, 126; Alexander
the Great enters, 1, 169, 2, 497; re-
volts against Darius, 2, 129
Babylon, The Modern: see London,
England
Babylonia: relation of civilization to
Greece, 2, 21; its affinities with
China, 6, 4
Babylonia and Assyria, History of:
geography and ethnology, 1, 63;
chronology and history, 69; religion
and mythology, 96; arts and general
culture, 102
" Babylonian Captivity," that period
in the history of the Papacy in the
14th century when the Popes ex-
iled from Italy, lived at Avignon
under P'rench influences, 9, 88
Bach, Alexander von (181 3-1893),
Austrian statesman: becomes min-
ister of the interior, 17, 380; dis-
missed, 386
Bachelor, The Boy: see Wolsey,
Thomas
Bachelors, Knights: see Knights
Bachelors of England
Back, Sir George (1796-1878), English
admiral and Arctic explorer: ex-
plorations of, 16, 308
Back Lane Parliament (1792), Cath-
olic delegates of Ireland: sketch of,
12, 200
Bacon, Francis, Baron Verulam and
Viscount Saint Albans, an English
philosopher and statesman: born in
London, January 22, 1561; studied
at Cambridge, 1573-1575, and at
Gray's Inn, 1575; was attached to
the embassy in France, 1576-1579;
was admitted to the bar, 1582;
elected member of Parliament, 1584;
became counselor-extraordinary to
the queen, 1590; became a friend of
the Earl of Essex, 1591; was a can-
didate for the office of solicitor-
general, 1594, but was unsuccessful;
was active in his efforts to secure
the conviction of the Earl of Essex
for treason, 1601; was knighted,
1603; made solicitor-general, 1607,
and attorney-general and a member
of the privy council, 1613; appointed
60
GENERAL INDEX
61
keeper of the Great Seal, 1617; made
Lord High Chancellor of England,
1618; created Baron Verulam and
given a seat in the House of Peers,
1618; published his greatest work,
"Novum Organum," 1620; was cre-
ated Viscount Saint Albans, 1621;
was tried for bribery, 1621; con-
demned, fined and removed from
office; died at Highgate, London,
April 9, 1626
Sketch of, II, 302; advises James
I, 310: fall of, 315
Bacon, Nathaniel (1642-1676), Anglo-
American lawyer: leads rebellion,
23. 65
Bacon, Sir Nicholas (1509-1579), Eng-
lish statesman: character of, II, 316
Bacon, Roger (1214-1294), celebrated
English philosopher: his definition
of plantation, 20, 17; believes In-
dian Ocean to be inclosed, 23, 23
Bacon's Rebellion: see Bacon, Na-
thaniel
Bacsanyi, Janos (1763-1845), Hun-
garian poet and journalist: trans-
lates Napoleon's proclamation to
Hungary, 17, 335
Bactria, Asia: conquered by Alexan-
der, 2, 499
Badajoz, Portugal: siege of (1811), 9,
338, 11, 565
Badajoz Conference (1524), in the
struggle between Spain and Portu-
gal over the Indies, 5, 146
Baden, southern Germany: siege of
(1400), 13, 397; peasant war in, 18,
243; enters the Confederation of the
Rhine, 371; becomes part of the em-
pire, 427
Baden, Peace of, concluded between
the states of the Swiss League
(1165), 13. 470
Baden Conference, The (1834), called
to place restrictions on the spiritual
jurisdiction of the Papal Court, 13,
543
Badeni, Count Casimir (ca. 1890), of
Polish noble family: his administra-
tion as premier of Austria, 17, 433:
resignation of, 435
Badger, George Edmund (1795- 1866),
American politician: opposes
Chase's speech on compromise
measures, 24, 607
Badger State, The: see Wisconsin
Badillo (ca. 1850), Mexican general:
at the battle of Cerro Gordo, 22.
325
"Badly Established Peace, The"
(1568), concluded between Catholics
and Protestants in France, 9, 156
Baebian Law (192 B. G), enacted that
four praetors and six praetors
should be chosen alternately in
Rome: violated, 3, 136
Baecula, Spain: battle of, 3, 127
Baeda (673-735 A. D.), English monk
and ecclesiastical writer: first Eng-
lish historian, 11, 39
Baeterrae (Beziers), France: founded,
3. 392
Baez, Buenaventura (1810-1884),
statesman of San Domingo: presi-
dent of Paraguay, 21, 260; his ad-
ministration as president of San
Domingo, 22, 503; concludes treaty
for annexation of San Domingo, 24,
879
Baezaz, southern Spain: siege of
(1146), 8. 97, 236
Baffin, William (d. 1622), English
navigator and explorer: searches for
Northwest Passage, 5, 156, 16, 304,
305
Bagamoyo, East Africa: growth of,
19. M3
Bagdad, Asiatic Turkey: founded, 1.
342; college founded, 346; sieges of
(1638), 14, 221; (1733). 5. 351. 14,
295; conquered by Suleiman the
Great, 158; adorned by Suleiman.
188
Bagenal (Bagnal), Sir Henry (d.
1578), Anglo-Irish soldier: his en-
mity toward Hugh O'Neill, 12, 95;
his campaign against The O'Neill,
96
Bagley (d. 1896), an American en-
sign in Spanish-American war:
death of, 22, 459
Bagot, Sir Charles (1781-1843), an
F.nslish diplotnat: governor of Can-
ada, 20, 158
62
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Bagovut, General (ca. 1812), a Rus-
sian general: his campaign against
France, 15, 222
Bagration, Prince Peter (1765-1812),
a Russian general: his campaign
against France, 15, 219
Bahadur (1642-1712), Mogul emperor
1707-1712: reign of, 5, 125
Bahadur, Sayyid Ahmad Khan: see
Sayyid Ahmad Khan Bahadur
Bahadur, Sir Jang: see Jang Bahadur,
Sir
Bahamas, West Indies: government
of, 20, 246
Baharites, first Mameluke sovereign
(13th century) of Egypt, 14, 128
Bahia, South America: captured by
the Dutch (1624), 21, 33
Bahia Honda, Cuba: battle of (1851),
22, 450; granted to the United
States, 479
Bahmani, Kingdom of: rise of, 5, 105
Bahrein Island, near Arabia: sketch
of, 20, 253
Baiburt, Turkey: battle of (1829), 15,
287
Baikie, William Balfour (1825-1864),
an English surgeon and explorer:
explorations of, 19, 50
Bailen: see Baylen
Bailleul, Bernard de (ca. 1130), a
Norman baron: renounces alle-
giance to David I of Scotland, 12,
264
Bailleul, Jacques Charles (1762-1843),
a French advocate: his account of
the state of the Luxembourg when
the directors first entered, 10, 370
Baillie, William (d. 1782), an English
soldier: defeated by Harder Ali, 5,
193
Bailly, Jean Sylvain (1736-1193), a
French astronomer and politician:
president of the States-General, 9,
262; appointed mayor of Paris, 264;
death of, 287; elected member of
the States-General, 10, 39; presides
over the assembly, 51; appointed
mayor of Paris, 71; presents Louis
XVI with the keys of Paris, 72
Bainbridge, William (1 774-1833), an
American naval officer: commands
frigate Constitution, 23, 422; among
naval heroes of War of 1812, 433
Baines, Thomas (1822-1875), an Eng-
lish artist and African explorer:
explorations of, 19, 52
Bainuter, King of Egypt, ca. 3300 B.
C. : determines that women may
inherit Egyptian throne, 1, 15
Bairactar (1755-1808), Pasha of Rust-
chuk: becomes grand vizier, 14, 401
Bairam Khan, regent during minor-
ity of Akbar: regency of, 5, 111
Baird, Sir David (1757-1829), a Brit-
ish general: his campaign against
Napoleon, 5, 197
Bajan (ca. 590 A. D.), chagan of the
Avars: leads campaigns against the
Slavs, 17, 19
Bajazit: see Bayezid
Baji Rao I, Maratha peshwa 1740:
reign of, 5, 132
Baji Rao II, Maratha peshwa 1795:
reign of, 5, 136; leads revolt of the
Marathas, 208
Bak-en-ran-ef : see Bocchoris
Balcchiserai, Russia: sacked by the
Turks (1736), 14, 305; Russians in,
350
Baker, Major (ca. 1689), an Irish sol-
dier: leader of the defense of Derry,
12, 135
Baker, Edward D. (1811-1861), an
American politician and soldier:
killed in Battle of Ball's Bluff, 24,
757
Baker, Sir Samuel White (1821-1893),
an English traveller: explorations
of, 19, 54; arouses an interest in
Africa, 59
Baker Pasha (1825-1887), an English
soldier: his campaign in the Soudan,
1, 40
Bakhti yar Khilji (ca. 1190), a Mo-
hammedan general: conquests of, 5,
95
Bakracz, Cardinal (ca. 1515): his mis-
sion to Hungary, 17, 168
Baku, Russia: Russia takes possession
of (1722), 15, 79
Bakunin, Michael (1814-1876), a Rus-
sian socialist and agitator: preaches
Nihilism, 15, 332
GENERAL INDEX
63
Balaji Baji Rao, third Maratha pcsh-
wa, 1740: reign of, 5, 133
Balaji Vishwanath, a Brahman min-
ister: made peshwa, 5, 132
Balaklava, Russia: battle of (1854), 9,
447
Balance of Power, American: Calhoun
pleads for, 34, 604
Balawat, Asia: location of, 1, 64
Balban (d. 1287), King of Delhi, 1265-
1287: reign of, 5, 98
Balbinus, Decimus Caelius (d. 238),
Emperor of Rome, 238: reign of,
4. 108
Balboa, Vasco Nunez de, a Spanish
soldier and explorer: born at Xeres
de los Cabelleros, 1475; emigrated
to Hayti about 1500; accompanied
Enciso in an expedition to Darien,
1510; quarreled with Enciso and ob-
tained the chief command of the
party; discovered the Pacific Ocean,
September 25, 1513, and took pos-
session of it in the name of his
sovereign; was superseded by Pe-
drarias d'Avila, 1 5 14, and punished
by a fine for his insubordination;
served as a deputy under Pedrarias,
who accused him of treasonable de-
signs and had him executed, 1517
Discovers Pacific Ocean, ao, 44,
2i, 16, 23, 37; discoveries of, 22,
436; death, 23, yj
Balbus, Lucius Cornelius (1st century
B. C), a Roman politician: acts as
Caesar's representative, 3, 370
Balearic, Juan Ramon ( 1773-1833), an
Argentine general: made Minister
of War, 21, 122
Baldwin (I) Bras-de-fer (d. 879 A.
D.), Count of Flanders: marries
Judith, 13, 20
Baldwin (IV) of the Comely Beard
(ca. 1000 A. D.), Count of Flanders:
joins league against the emperor,
13. 22
Baldwin V (d. 1067). Count of Flan-
ders: guardian of Philip I of France,
9, 68; aids William the Conqueror,
13. 25; revolt of. 18, 130
Baldwin, Archbishop of Treves (ca.
1310): intriRuc of, 18, 185
Baldwin, Abraham (1754-1807), an
American politician: in first con-
gress, 23, 342
Bale: see Basel
Baleg ben Bakir (ca. 735 A. D.), an
Egyptian commander: expelled
from Africa, 8, 65; his campaigns in
Spain, 66
Balfour Act (1891), 12, 242 note
Baligny, Marquis de (ca. 1595): gov-
ernor of Cambray, 13, 162
Baliol, John (1249-1315), King of
Scotland: made king, 9, 87; homage
to Edward I, 11, 147; renounces
his homage, 148
Balkan, The, southeastern peninsula
of Europe, 14, 62
Ball, John (d. 1381), an English
priest: imprisoned, II, 174
Ballard (d. 1586), an English priest:
plots against Elizabeth, II, 294
Balleny (ca. 1838), an English ex-
plorer: explorations of, 16, 334
Balliol, Edward (d. 1363) : claims
Scottish throne, II, 157, 12, 285
Balliol, John de: see Baliol, John
Ballivian, Adolfo (1831-1874): presi-
dent of Bolivia, ai, 191
Ballivian, Jose (1804-1852), president
of Bolivia 1841-1847: made vice-
president of Bolivia, ai, 187
Balloch, Donald (ca. 1430), Lord of
the Isles, a leader of a Scottish
clan: defeats Scots, ia, 292
Ballot Act, in English history an act
which made it impossible to know
how any man's vote was given:
passed (1872), II, 627
Ball's Bluff, Virginia: battle of (1861),
24. 757
Ballynahinch, Ireland: battle of
(1798), 12, 213
Balmaceda, Jose Manuel (1838-1891).
a Chilean statesman: president of
Chile, 21, 238, 24, 978; death of, SI,
239
Balogh, Janos (19th century), Hun-
garian statesman: in the diet of
183 1, 17. 339
Balta, Russia: siege of (1768), 14, 3^1
Balta, Jos* (1816-1872), Peruvian sol-
dier and statesman: heads conspir-
acy, ai, 208; becomes president of
Peru, 209; assassinated, 210
64
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Baltadji Mohammed Pasha (d. 1712),
Turkish statesman and general,
vizier of Turkey: account of, 14,
279
Balthasar, Franz Urs (ca. 1750), Swiss
patriotic writer: sketch of, 13, 490
Baltic Provinces, The, collective name
for three governments of Russia
bordering on the Baltic: Russia
withdraws from, 15, 17; Swedes
driven out of, 42; serfs emancipated
in, 264; attempts to Russianize, 342;
lost to Germany, 18, 262; taken by
Peter the Great, 317
Baltimore, Maryland: British attack,
23, 427; population in time of
Jackson, 479; first national conven-
tion for nominating president, 498;
Democratic convention (1840), 24,
522; Democratic and Whig conven-
tions (1844), 536; Democratic con-
vention (1848), 555; Democratic
convention (1852), 619; Whig con-
vention (1852), 620; convention of
Constitutional Union Party, 680;
Democratic convention (i860), 682;
Sixth Massachusetts attacked by
mob, 715; bridges destroyed, 716;
placed under military government,
716; Lincoln nominated by conven-
tion at, 800; Lincoln's body carried
through, 827; Democratic conven-
tion (1872), 892
"Baltimore," American vessel: in
Valparaiso, 21, 240, 24, 978
Baltimore, Cecilius Calvert, Lord
(1605-1675), English nobleman: first
proprietor of Maryland, 23, 69; pro-
prietor of Delaware, 108; boundary
dispute with Penn, no, 112
Baltimore, George Calvert (1580-
1632), founder of Maryland: sketch
of, 23, 68
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad: first
spike driven, 23, 480
Baluchistan: see Gedrosia
Baluchistan, British, Asia: organized
1887, 5, 266
Balza, Colonel (ca. i860), Bolivian
general: aids rebellion of Fernan-
dez, 21, 189
Bambarras, natives of Africa: sketch
of, 19, 148
Bamberg, Bavaria: taken by Bernard
of Saxe-Weimar, 18, 285
Bancal-des-Issarts (1750-1826), French
magistrate: appointed deputy to the
Versailles assembly, 10, 69
Bancroft, George (1800-1891), Amer-
ican historian, statesman and diplo-
mat: in American literature, 23, 481
Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1832 ),
American historian: quoted on
origin of American Indians, 23, 3
Band of the Mad Life (1477), Swiss
patriotic club: founded, 13, 410
Banda, British India: taken by the
English (1810), 20, 143
Banda, Sikh leader (ca. 1750): fate of,
5, 126
Banddin, Count (ca. 1880), German
scholar: founds the Society for Ger-
man colonization, 19, 129
Bande (1830), French editor: opposes
the decrees of July 25, 1830, 9, 390
Baneces: see Paneces
Baner, Johan: see Banner, Johan
Banffy, Count, of noble Austria-Hun-
garian family of late 19th century:
made premier of Hungary, 17, 439;
resigns, 440
Bankhead, Henry C, American col-
onel: in the Mexican War, 22, 321
Bankipur (Banky-bazaar), India:
founded, 5, 172; siege of (1733), 174
Banks, Banking:
ARGENTINE REPUBLIC: estab-
lishment of new national, 21, 257;
failure of local, 257
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: establish-
ment of National Bank of Austria,
17, 328; failure of joint-stock banks,
413; establishment of National Bank
of Hungary, 441
BABYLONIA and ASSYRIA:
Egibi banking firm, 1, 72
CHINA: failures of 1887, 6, 255
DENMARK: national, 16, 263
ENGLAND: Bank of England
founded, 11, 441; cashing of checks
in six-pences, 487; shortage of gold,
546; resumption of payment in gold,
57i
FRANCE: Law's plans, 9, 229;
Bank of Discount, 10, 27; Necker's
policy, 29; Calonne's policy, 31;
GENERAL INDEX
65
Caisse Patriotique, io7; issue of
paper currency, 165; Bank of France,
448
INDIA: paper currency, 3. 243
ITALY: bank scandals, 4, 401
JAPAN: financial embarrassment,
7, 182; Hypothe Banks, 243
THE NETHERLANDS: Bank of
Amsterdam, 13, 195
' NORWAY: establishment of banks,
16, 262
PERSIA: introduction of bank-
notes, 5, 335; establishment of an
imperial bank, 364
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Postal
Savings, 20, 378
ROME: money lending, 3. 387, 389
SWITZERLAND: Savings Banks,
13. 522
UNITED STATES: Bank of North
America, 23. 293; founding of na-
tional banks, 352: re-charter of Na-
tional Bank (1816), 438; establish-
ment of State banks, 23, 439. 24,
1092; Jackson's hostility to a na-
tional bank, 500; suspension of
specie payments, 23, 512, 24, 1092;
proposed reestablishment of na-
tional bank, 24, 527; national sys-
tem of banking, 820; resumption of
specie payments, 899, 923
Banks, Nathaniel Prentiss (1816-
1894), American politician and gen-
eral: commands Union forces in the
Shenandoah valley, 24, 7591 takes
Port Hudson, 778
Banner (Baner, Banier), Johan (The
Lion of Sweden) (1596^1641), Swed-
ish general: campaigns of, 16, 186,
17. 212, 18, 280, 289
Bannockburn, Scotland: battle of
(1314), 11. 153. "2. 59, 280
Banquet of October First, The, 10, 92
Bantam, Java: captured by the Dutch
(1682), 5. 167
Ban try Bay Expedition (i79) from
France to Ireland, 1 1, 546
Baptista, Mariano (19th century)
South American patriot: president
of Bolivia, 21, 243
Baptists, a religious sect who insist on
total immersion for baptism: perse-
cuted in New England, 23, 147; per-
secuted in Virginia, 149; divide into
Northern and Southern wings, 24,
604
Bar, Confederation of (1768), a union
of Polish patriots, formed at Bar
(Russia) against the Russian influ-
ence, 15. 174. 384
Bar-Cochebas (ca. 100 A. D.), Hebrew
leader: heads rebellion of Jews, 4,
92
Baracoa, Cuba: settled, 22, 447
Barante, Aimable Guillaume Prosper
Brugiere, Baron de (1782-1866),
French statesman and historian:
leader of the doctrinaires, 9, 372
Baratieri (late 19th century), Italian
commander: his campaigns in
Abyssinia, 4, 404. *9. 249
Barba, Pedro (ca. 1500), Spanish of-
ficer: ordered to arrest Cortez, 22,
n
Barbadoes, British West Indies: oc-
cupied by the English, 20, 67;
growth of, 70; English policy con-
cerning, 101; hurricane of 1831, 237
Barbara, wife of Sigismund (ca. 1400) :
conspiracy of, 18, 211
Barbaresque Regencies in Turkey:
growth of, 14. 252; relation to Tur-
key, 365
"Barbarian": as distinct from Hel-
lene, 2, 25, 33
Barbarian Invasions: see Invasions,
Barbarian
Barbarossa, Khair-ed-Din (d. 1546).
Bey of Algiers 1518: his conquest of
Tunis. 9, 142; account of, 14, 161
Barbaroux, Charles Jean Marie (1767-
1794), a Girondist orator: incites in-
surrection in the departments, 9,
284; death of, 10, 279
Barbary States, Africa: Charles V's
war with the, 18. 251: troubles with
the United States, 23, 321; levy
blackmail, 393
Barte-Marbois, Francois, Marquis de
(1745-1837), a French statesman:
made president of the ancients, 9,
303; made minister of justice, 367;
elected president of the elder coun-
cil, 10, 386
Barber, General a general in Irish
66
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Rebellion: in Rebellion of 1798, 12,
213
Barbes, Armand (1809-1870), a French
revolutionist: leader of the Society
of the Seasons, 9, 417; opposes the
provisional government, 436; trial
of, 438
Barbiano, Alberic di (d. 1409), an
Italian general: reforms military
organization of Italy, 4, 253; at bat-
tle of Brescia (1401), 18, 199
Barbo, Pietro: see Paul II
Barbosa, Ruy (ca. 1889), a Brazilian
journalist: leads Republican party,
21, 252; member of provisional gov-
ernment, 253
Barbour, David Miller (ca. 1890) :
finance member of the governor-
general's council, 5, 247
Barbour, John (1316-1395), Archdea-
con of Aberdeen: quoted on Robert
Bruce, 12, 278
Barbuk, Sultan of Egypt 1382: reign
of, I, 36
Barcelona, Spain: opened to Syrian
vessels, 1, 316; captured by Chris-
tians (801 A. D.), 8, 219; sieges of
(1691), 384; (1694), 384; (1705), 8,
395, 9, 222, 11, 456; (1714), 8, 402
Barcelona, Treaty of (1493), a treaty
between Charles VIII of France
and Spain, 9, 129
Barcides (ca. 225 B. C), Spanish
kingdom: kingdom of, founded, 3,
112
Barclay, Commodore, an English
commodore in War of 1812: com-
mands British fleet, 23, 423
Barclay de Tolly, Prince Michael An-
dreas (1761-1818), a Russian field
marshal: his campaign against
France, 15, 219
Bardes of Persia (ca. 525 B. C),
brother of Cambyses: slain by
Cambyses, 2, 128
Barebone's Parliament (1653), 11, 366
Baredo (d. 1878), South American
statesman: president of Paraguay,
21, 260
Barentin, Keeper of Seals of France,
1789: makes speech at the opening
of the States-General, 10, 43; op-
poses influence of Necker, 50
Barents, William (d. 1597), a Dutch
Arctic navigator: explorations of,
5, 154, 16, 302
Bariatinski (ca. 1730), a Russian
noble: supports Anne, 15, 106
Barid Shahi Dynasty, India: founded,
5, 106
Baring, Evelyn, Earl Cromer
(1841 ), an English financier:
sketch of, 5, 260; his work in Egypt,
11, 638
Baring, Thomas George, Baron
Northbrook: see Northbrook,
Thomas George Baring, Baron
Barker, Wharton (1846 ), Ameri-
can statesman: nominated for Presi-
dent, 24, 1038
Barlaimont (Barlaymont), Charles,
Count de (d. 1379), a Dutch states-
man: sketch of, 13, 76; takes the
new oath of allegiance, 102; opposes
Alva's taxation, no; member of
governing council of the Nether-
lands, 120
Barlow, Arthur (1550-1620), an Eng-
lish navigator: explores Virginia,
23, 53
Barlow, Sir George Hilaro (1762-
1847) : his governor-generalship of
India, 5, 204
Barnave, Antoine Pierre Joseph
Marie (1761-1793), a French revo-
lutionist: death of, 9, 287; leader of
national party, 10, 81; opposes
the granting of the veto power to
the king, 119; directs the Jacobin
Club, 128; escorts Louis XVI back
to Paris, 138; his speech in the as-
sembly on the question of the
king's trial, 140
Barnburners, the radical Democrats
in 1848: sketch of, 24, 555; hold con-
vention at Utica, 559;
Barnet (Chipping Barnet), England:
battle of (147O, 217
Barneveldt, John of Olden (iS47-
1619), a Dutch statesman: opposes
Leicester, 13, 151, 152; his antipathy
toward Maurice of Saxony, 176; his
mission to England, 178; favors
peace with Spain, 185; joins the
Arminians, 194; arrest and death of,
199
GENERAL INDEX
67
Barnwell, John (ca. 1671-1724), an
American colonial soldier: in war
with Tuscaroras, 23, 75
Barons, Revolts of the, in Knylish his-
tory: (1075), 11, 78; (1087), 8a;
(1172-1174), 108; (1215), 126
Barradas, Isidro (1 775-1841), a Span-
ish general: commands expedition
against Mexico, 22, 270
Barragan, Miguel (1789-1836), a Mex-
ican general: receives surrender of
Spanish, 22, 270; made vice-presi-
dent, 272
Barras, Paul Jean Francois Nicolas,
Count of (1755-1829), a French rev-
olutionist: made commander-in-
chief of convention forces, 9, 295;
appointed member of the directory,
296; appointed commander of the
armed force under the directory,
10. 357; chosen a member of the
directory, 361; harangues Bona-
parte on his return to Paris, 397;
his dissolute course of life, 401 ; his
change of party, 406; treats with
the pretender, 406; resigns, 412
Barraza, Juan (ca. 1645), a Mexican
soldier: his campaigns in Indian re-
bellions, 22, 168, 169
Barraza, Nicholas (ca. 1675), a Mexi-
can commander: crushes the Indian
rebellions, 22, 174
Barri, Isaac (1726-1802), British of-
ficer and politician: at siege of Que-
bec, 23, 194
Barrere de Vieuzac, Bertrand (1755-
1841), French Jacobin demagogue:
made member of the committee of
safety, 9, 285; elected member of
the States-General, 10, 39; proposes
liberal measures in the convention,
273; character and principles of,
300; arrest and trial of, 333
Barreto, Francisco (d. 1574), Portu-
guese soldier: viceroyal of the
Indies, 8, 437; explorations of, 19,
23
Barricades, Battle of the (Paris):
(1588), 9. 163
Barricades, King of the: see Louis
Philippe, King of France
Barrier, Treaty of the (1715), con-
cluded between the states of Hol-
land and Charles VI of Germany:
13. 252
Barrington, Sir Jonah (1760-1834), an
Irish judge: opposes Union, 12, 215
Barrington, Samuel (1729-1800), Eng-
lish admiral: captures the Island of
Guadaloupe, 20. 118
Barrios, Justo Rufino (1834-1886),
statesman of Guatemala: career of,
22, 438
Barroccio (ca. 1550), celebrated Ital-
ian engineer: his services to the
Spanish in the Netherlands, 13. 147
Barrot, Camille Hyacinthe Odillon
(1791-1873), French advocate and
statesman: opposes abolition of
capital punishment, 9, 396; leads op-
position to Guizot's ministry, 424;
opposes Guizot's foreign policy,
430; placed at the head of first re-
publican cabinet, 438
Barrow, Henry (d. 1593), English re-
ligious reformer: hanged, II, 301
Barrow, Sir John (1764-1848), Eng-
lish writer and traveller: influences
Parliament to offer a reward for
polar discoveries, 16, 306
Barry, Jeanne Becu, Counjtess of
( 1 746-1 793), French court lady: her
relations with Louis XV, 9, 248
Bart (Barth or Baert), Jean du (1651-
1702), French naval hero: destroys
English commerce, 9, 219; sketch
of, 13, 245; defeat of, 18, 307
Bartenstein, Treaty of, concluded be-
tween England, Austria, Russia and
Sweden against Napoleon (1807),
16, 251
Barth, Heinrich (1821-1865), German
traveller: explorations of, 19, 50,
147
Barthe, Felix (1795-1863). French
jurist and statesman: made minis-
ter of justice, 9, 399; in Soult's min-
istry, 402; given portfolio of justice
in Mole's cabinet, 412
Barthelemy, Francois. Marquis de
(1747-1830), French diplomat and
politician: banished and proscribed,
9. 305; replaces Le Tourneur in the
directory, 10, 386
Barthelsen, Ivar (ca. 1550). Scandina-
vian pastor: persecution of, 16. iff
68
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Barton, Andrew (d. 151 1), Scottish
naval commander: sketch of, 12,
299
Barwalde, Treaty of, concluded be-
tween France and Gustavus Adol-
phus of Sweden (1631), 16, 181
Bascany (ca. 1800), Austria-Hun-
garian Liberalist: imprisonment of,
17, 332
Basel (Bale), Switzerland: battle of
(57 B. C), 18, 11; a member of
the Union of Rhenish Cities, 18,
175; insurrection in (1798), 13, 509;
missionary society of, 19, 92; Uni-
versity of, 13, 428
Basel, Council of, great reforming
council to unite the Greek and
Latin churches (1431-1449), 17, 136,
18, 210
Basel, Treaties of: (1) concluded be-
tween Germany and Switzerland,
(1499), 13, 419. 17, 173, 18, 227;
(2) concluded between France and
Prussia and Spain (1795), 8, 482,
9, 293, 10, 347, 18, 357
Baselland (ca. 1850), Swiss patriot:
assumes the leadership of the Dem-
ocrats, 13, 565
Bashi-bazouks, Turkish volunteers
and auxiliaries serving without pay
or uniform: description of, 15, 333
note
Bashpa's Alphabet (ca. 1350), Mon-
golian alphabet, 6, 25
Basle: see Basel
Bassano, Italy: battle of (1796), 9,
300
Bassano, Hugues Bernard Maret,
Duke of (1763-1839), French
statesman and diplomat: his min-
istry, 9, 407; negotiates with Aus-
tria, 17, 307; issues proclamation to
Hungary, 335
Bassein, British Burma: sacked by
the Marathas (1739), 5, 152
Bassein, Treaty of, concluded be-
tween the Maratha states of India
and England (1802), 5, 136, 200
Bassianus: see Elagabalus
Bassora, Arabia: founded, 1, 201, 5,
322; battle of, x, 246
Bassus, Lucilius (1st century A. D.),
Roman general: his campaign
against the Jews, 1, 412
Basta, George (1550-1607), German
general: governs Transylvania, 17,
223
Bastidas, Rodrigo de (16th century),
Spanish explorer: discoveries of,
21, 16
Bastile, state prison in Paris: siege of
(1789), 9, 264, 10, 63
Bastwick, John (1593-1654), English
physician and theologian: tried be-
fore the Star Chamber, 11, 333
Basutoland, South Africa: annexed by
Great Britain, 19, 51, 81, 216; sketch
of, 20, 259
Batabano, Cuba: founded, 22, 447
Batavi, Germanic tribe: location of,
18, 6; join Gauls in revolt against
Rome, 23; subdued by Cerealis, 24;
relation of, to the Franks, 28
Batavia, Java: founded, 20, 57; mas-
sacre of the Chinese (1740), 113;
taken by the English (181 1), 144,
288
Batavian Republic, formed by France
out of the Netherlands, 10, 347, 13,
266, 18, 357
Bates Case (English History), ton-
nage and poundage upheld by
courts (1608), 11, 309
Bates, Edward (1793-1869), American
statesman and jurist: candidate for
Presidential nomination (i860), 24,
680; Attorney-General, 708
Batetela Mutiny, The (1897), in
Africa, 19, 254
Bath, William Pulteney, Earl of: see
Pulteney, William, Earl of Bath
Bathory, Stephen (1522-1586), King
of Poland 1575-1586: relations with
Russians, 15, 17; organizes Cossack
regiments, 25; reign of, 382; acces-
sions of, 17, 220; his reign in Tran-
sylvania, 223
Bathsheba, wife of David: wins crown
for Solomon, 1, 386
Batis (ca. 330 B. C), Persian gover-
nor: slain by Alexander, 2, 495
Batiuchkov, Constantine Nikolaivitch
(1787-1855), a Russian poet and
critic: sketch of, 15, 269
<;i:\ krai. i n or. x
69
Batlle, Lorenxo (1812 ), president
of Uruguay 1868-1872: his adminis-
tration as president of Uruguay, 21,
146
Batlle y Ordonez, Juan, president of
Uruguay 1903 : elected presi-
dent of Uruguay, ai, 259
Baton Rouge, Louisiana: confederates
sieze arsenal, 24, 691
Batory (ca. 1475), a Bohemian lieu-
tenant: his campaign against the
Turks, 17, 163
Batory, Andrew (ca. 1597), a cardinal
in Transylvania: advises against
the ceding of Transylvania to Aus-
tria, 17, 223
Batory, Gabriel, Prince of Transyl-
vania 1608: elected, 17, 224
Batory, Sigismund (ca. 1575), Prince
of Transylvania: career of, 17, 223
Batory, Stephen: see Bathory
Batootah (ca. 1330), Arabian traveler:
at the court of Mohammed Tug-
lak, 5, 141
Battalion of Patriots in French his-
tory: enrollment of the, 10, 357
Batthyany, Count Louis (1809-1849),
a Hungarian statesman: chancellor
of Hungary, 17, 254; forms Hun-
garian ministry, 368; resigns his
government office, 370; made min-
ister of foreign affairs in Hungary,
372; death of, 373
Battin, Turkey: Turkish defeat at
(1810), 14, 406
Battle of the British Soldiers, The:
see Inkerman, Battle of (1854)
Battle of the Fifth of November, The:
see Inkerman, Battle of (1854)
Battle of the Giants, The: see Mar-
ignano. Battle of (1515)
Battle of the Kings and Nations, The:
see Leipsic, Battle of (181 3)
Battle of Nations, The: sec Leipsic,
Battle of (1813)
Battle of the Peoples, The: see Leip-
sic, Battle of (1813)
Battle of the Spurs, The: sec Court-
rai: Battle of (130a); also see Guine-
gate: Battle of (1513)
Battle of Three Emperors, The: see
Austerlitz: Battle of (1805)
Battle Which Lasted a Week, The:
see Tours: Battle of (732 A. D.)
Battles and Sieges:
B. C.
ca. 1575. Avarias and Sherohan, 1,
21
ca. 1550. Megiddo, 1, 23
ca. 1300. Shcchem, 1, 380
ca. 1259. Askalon, 1, 29
1250. Gibeon, 1, 377
ca. 950. Jerusalem, 1, 30
854. Karkar (Aroer), 1, 80, 84, 123,
300
842. Shenir, 1, 81
842. Damascus, I, 81, 392
840. Cadiz, 8, 13
805. Damascus, 1, 393
ca. 800. Dur-Papsukul, 1, 81
740. Arpad, I, 393
734. Damascus, I, 83
729. Durilu, 1, 84
724-722. Samaria, 1, 394
701. Tyre, I, 124
ca. 701. Raphia, 1, 84.
ca. 701. Jerusalem, 1, 397
691. Khalub, 1, 88
670. Tyre, 1, 90
645. Eira, a, 75
639. Sippara, 1, 401
608-606 Nineveh, I, 399
608. Megiddo, 1, 399
606. Carchemish (Jcrablus), I, 32,
92, 399
598-585. Tyre, I, 125
598. Jerusalem, 1, 399
587-586. Jerusalem, I, 92, 400
570. Momemphis, I, 32
547. Halys, I, 146
546. Sardis, I, 145
540. Cumae, a, 218, 219
538. Babylon, a, 126
506. Aricia, 3, 56
506. Cumae (Kyme), 3, 57
499. Lake Regillus, 3, 62
499. Clazomenae, a, 135
406. Lade, a, 137
490. Marathon, I, 166
485- Camarina, a, 217
480. Thermopylae Pass, a, 190
480. Salamis, a, 202
480. Artemisium, a, 189
479. Thebes, a, 211
70
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Battles, cont.
390.
479-
Plataea, 1, 166, 2, 209
376.
479-
Mycale, 2, 212
376.
478.
Byzantium, 3, 222
376.
474-
Cumae, 2, 219
371-
468.
Tegia, 3, 237
369.
467.
Eurymedon, 2, 234
367-
463.
Papremis, 1, 32
367.
457-
Tanagra, 2, 244
365-
457-
Naupactus, 2, 246
362.
454-
Oenophyta, 2, 245
358.
447-
Caroneia, 2, 248
358.
445-
Byzantium, 2, 260, 26:
358.
ca. 445. Samos, 2, 260
357-
439-
Eretria, 2, 361
345-
433-
Sybata, 2, 268
343-
429.
Plataea, 2, 288
341.
429.
Phormio, 2, 290
341-
429.
Naupactus, 2, 290
340.
428.
Mitylene, 2, 291
340.
427-425. Plataea, 2, 297
339-
425.
Pylos, 2, 302
338.
425.
Sphacteria, 2, 303
338.
424.
Delium, 2, 311
334-
424.
Capua, 3, 65
2,
422.
Amphipolis, 2, 317
333-
418.
Mantinea, 2, 326
332.
415.
Cumae, 2, 414
332-
414.
Syracuse, 2, 337
331.
411.
Samos, 2, 357
331.
410.
Cyzicus, 2, 365
331.
410.
Catana, 2, 408
330.
409.
Ephesus, 2, 367
327.
409.
Chalcedon, 2, 367
327.
409.
Acragas, 2, 410
327-
408.
Byzantium, 2, 367
326.
408.
Natium, 2, 369
321.
408.
Himera, 2, 409
319.
406.
Mitylene, 2, 371
311.
406.
Arginusae, 2, 372
310.
405.
Athens, 2, 376
305.
405.
Aegospotami, 2, 375
299.
404.
Catana, 2, 413
295-
404.
Athens, 2, 377
285.
404.
Aegospotami, 2, 377
283.
401.
Cunaxa, 1, 167, 2, 389
282.
399-
Cyme, 2, 391
280.
397-
Corinth, 2, 446
280.
395-
Haliartus, 2, 398
280.
394-
Cnidus, 2, 401
279.
394-
Coroneia, 2, 400
275.
392.
Cadmeia, 2, 422
275-
391-
Clusium, 3, 59
265.
Allia, 3, 59
Thespiae, 2, 430
Naxos, 2, 430
Corcyra, 2, 430
Leuctra, 2, 436
Epidaurus, 2, 443
Lilybaeum, 2, 415
Alba, 3, 59
357. Chios, 2, 454
Mantinea, 2, 449
Pyrgi, 3, 57
Pydna, 2, 459
Potidaea, 2, 459
Chios, 2, 454
Sora, 3, 65
Pelusium (Furmah), 1, 33
Perinthus, 2, 473
340. Byzantium, 2, 473
Trifanum, 3, 67
Perinthus, 2, 473
Crimesus, 2, 417
Thebes, 2, 478
Chaeroneia, 2, 477
Graneikos (Granicus), 1, 168,
488
ISSOS (ISSUS), I, l68, 2, 492
Tyre, 1, 125, 168, 2, 494
331. Gaza, 2, 495
Gaugamela, 1, 169
Arbela, 1, 169, 2, 496
Babylon, 2, 497
Persepolis, 2, 498
Sangala, 5, 68
Palaepolis, 3, 69
Jehlam, 5, 67
Multan, 5, 69
Caudine Pass, 3, 69
Luceria, 3, 70
Nuceria, 3, 82
Vadimonian Lake, 3, 71
Bovianum, 3, 71
Sentinum, 3, 72
Sentinum, 3, 72
Arretium, 3, 75
Lake Vadimo, 3, 75
Populonia, 3, 75
Thurii, 3, 74
Heraclea, 1, 352
Siris, 3, 77
Ausculum, 3, 78
Messana, 3, 99
Beneventum, 2, 516, 3, 80
Messano, 3, 100
GENERAL INDEX
71
Battles, cont
260. Mylae, 3, 101
256. Ecnomus, 3, 101
252. Lilybaeum, 3, 103
252, Drcpana, 3, 103
252. Panormus, 3, 103
249. Lilybaeum, 3, 103
241. Acgusa, 3, 105
236. Ariminum, 3, 109
235. Saguntum, 8, 15
225. Tclamon, 3, 109
224. Telamon, 3, 109
222. Milan, 3, 109
219. Saguntum, 3, 114
218. Vercellac, 3, 116
218. Trebia, 3, 117
217. Raphia, 1, 404
217. Lake Trasimcne, 3, 118
216. Cannae, 3, 120
215. Nola, 3, 123
212. Syracuse, 3, 124
208. Nola, 3, 128
208. Baecula, 3, 127
208. Metaurus, 3, 128
208. Grumentum, 3, 128
207. Metaurus, 3, 128
206. Carthagena, 8, 18
ca. 205. Raphia, I, 34
204. Great Plains, 3, 130
203. Milan, 3, 130
202. Zama, 3, 130
200. Cremona, 3, 133
198. Paneas, 1, 404
197- Cynoscephalae, 2, 518, 3, 141
192. Thermopylae, 3, 144
192. Thapsus, 3, 144
190. Magnesia, 3, 144
171. Larissa, 3, 149
168. Scodra, 3, 150
168. Pydna, a, 519, 3, 150
166. Bethhoron, 1, 406
162. Jerusalem, 1, 406
149. Carthage, 3, 164
147. Corinth, 2, 520
146. Leucopetra, 3, 166
144-133- Numantia, 8, 19
134-132. Tauromenium, 3, 173
134. Agrigentum, 3, 173
113. Aquileia, 3, 193
113. Norcia, 17. 11, 18, 4
112. Cirta, 3, 188
109. Suthul, 3, 189
107. Aginnum, 13, 329
105. Arausio, 3, 193
102-10!. Vercellae, 3, 195
102. Aix (Aquae Sextiae), 3, 194.
17, 11, 18, 4
101. Vercellae (Vercelli), 3. 195.
17, 11, 18, s
87. Rome, 3, 222
87. Athens, 3, 217
86. Orchomcnus, 3, 218
86. Chacronca, 3, 218
86. Athens, a, 522
85. Orchomenus, 3, 218
83. Sacriportus, 3, 227
83. Capua, 3, 226
82. Sacriportus, 3, 227
82. Praeneste, 3, 227
79. Isaura, 3, 260
77. Xucar, 8, 21
72. Mount Garganus, 3, 262
71. Cydonia, 3, 260
68. Cydonia, 3, 260
61. Lerida, 8, 22
58. Bibracte, 13, 329
57. Basel (Bale), 18, 11
57. Aisne, 9, 8
54. Seleucia, 3. 322
54. Ichnae, 3, 323
53. Carrhae, 3. 324
52. Alesia, 3, 306, 9, 11
52. Gergovia (Clermont), 9, 10
51-46. Uxellodunum, 3, 308
49- Utica, 3, 342
49. Sardinia, 3, 342
48. Pharsalus, 3, 348, 350
48. Gomphi, 3, 348
48. Ziela, 3, 354
48. Nicopolis, 3, 354
46. Thapsus, 3, 358
44. Mutina, 4, 13
42. Philippi, 1, 408, 4, 18
37. Naulochus, 4, 21
31. Actium, 1, 35, a, 255, 4, 25
A. D.
9. Winficld, 18, 19
65. Bethhoron, I, 410
67. Gaumala, 1, 411
67. Tarichaca, I, 411
67. Tiberias, l, 411
67. Jotapata, I, 411
69-70. Jerusalem, 4, 79
69. Redriacum. 4, 71, 72
69. Bozerg, 13. 33 1
70. Jerusalem, I, 411, 4, 79
72
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Battles, cont.
73. Masada, I, 412
78. Adrianople, 2. 529, 545
101. Sarmizegethusa, 17, 13
101. Temisvar, 17, 13
161. Elegia, 4, 96
180. Aquileia, 18, 26
197. Lugdunum, 4, 101
218. Hovmuz, 5, 315
238. Aquileia, 4, 108
249. Verona, 4, 109
260. Odessa, 4, no
269. Naissus, 4, no
305. Noviomagus, 4, 117
312. Milvian Bridge, 4, 118
312. Turin, 4, 118
312. Verona, 4, 118
319. Mardia, 4, 119
323. Adrianople, 4, 119
323. Byzantium, 4, 120
340. Aquileia, 4, 123
353. Mursa, 4, 124
359. Strasburg (Strassburg), 9, 14
363. Samrah, 5, 318
378. Adrianople, 4, 133, 18, 34
389. Siscia, 4, 135
394. Aquileia, 18, 35
403. Pollentia, 4, 138, 18, 35
403. Verona, 4, 138
406. Fiesole (Faesulae), 4, 138,
18, 38
408. Rome, 4, 140, 18, 36
438. Xenil, 8, 37
ca. 450. Tara, 12, 38
451. Chalons-sur-Marne, 2, 530, 4,
148, 8, 38, 14, 4
451. Mery-sur-Seine, 9, 17
451. Orleans, 18, 41
452. Aquileia, 18, 42
486. Soissons, 18, 46
489. Verona, 4, 156
ca. 490. Mount Badon, 11, 18
493-495- Ravenna, 3, 532, 4, 156
496. Tolbiac, 9, 19
506. Aries, 9, 20
506. Carcassonne, 8, 39, 9, 20
507. Poitiers, 8, 39, 9, 20
507. Vougle, 9, 20
529. Daras, 2, 532
532. Autun, 13, 337
534. Pappua, 18, 49
543- Antioch, 5, 319
568-572. Pavia, 18, 51
571. Bedford, II, 24
572. Daras, 5, 319
584. Faddiley, II, 25
ca. 585. Wanborough, 11, 25
ca. 600. Etampes, 9, 30
ca. 600. Sens, 9, 30
612. Tolbiac, 9, 31
613. Chester, II, 31
615. Damascus, 5, 320
615. Jerusalem, 5, 320
619. Alexandria, 1, 35
625. Mount Ohua, I, 227
627. Nineveh, 5, 321
628. Khaibar, 1, 229
629. Muta, 1, 234
630. Honain, 1, 232
630. Tayef, 1, 232
630. Wogastiburg, 17, 20
ca. 632. Abyla, 1, 277
633. Bosra, 1, 268
633. Damascus, 1, 269
633. Heathfield, 11, 34
636. Cadesia (Kadesia), I, 260, 5,
322
636. Yermuk, 1, 281
637. Ctesiphon, 1, 261
637. Jerusalem, 1, 282
639. Pelusium (Furmah), 1, 35, 291
641. Alexandria, 1, 35
641. Nehavend, I, 263, 5, 323
642. Maserfield, 11, 35
655. Winaed, II, 35
ca. 656. Siffin, 1, 246
ca. 658. Bassora, 1, 246
668-673. Constantinople, 1, 327
687. Testry (Testri), 9, 35, 18, 69
699. Utica, 1, 307
702. Kish, 1, 87
711. Cordova, 1, 314, 8, 50
713. Carmona, 8, 51
713. Merida, 8, 51
713. Seville, 8, 51
713. Toledo, 8, 51
714. Cologne, 18, 71
717. Vine, 9, 36
718. Constantinople, 1, 330, 2, 533
720. Soissons, 9, 36
721. Toulouse, 1, 335
726. Xeres, 1, 312
ca. 731. Aries, 1, 335
732. Tours (Poitiers), 1, 338, 8, 65,
9, 37, 14, 4, 18, 73
736. Cordova, 8, 65
GENERAL INDEX
73
Battles, cont
736. Calatrava, 8, 66
736. Merida, 8, 66
736. Toledo, 8, 66
750. Bravalla, 16, 18
ca. 750. Kerbela, I, 249
754- Pa via, 18, 77, 79
755. Almunecar, 8, 68
755. Cordova, 8, 68
756. Mortara, 4, 174
756. Sacra di San Michele, 4, 174
758. Lorca, 8, 69
777. Pampeluna, 8, 70
777. Sargossa, 8, 70
778. Roncesvalles, 18, 81
783. Detmold, 18, 82
783. Paderbom, 18, 82
793. Obrin, 9. 43
801. Barcelona, 8, 219
804. Tortosa, 8, 220
838. Amorium, I, 358
841. Fontenoy, 18, 92
843. Auxerre, 9, 50
843. Fontenay, 9, 50
851. Aclea (Ockley), 11, 42
851. Canterbury, 11, 42
854-859. Toledo, 8, 74
862. Constantinople, 14, 5
872. Hafurstfjord, 16, 41
876. Andernach, 18, 96
885-886. Paris, 16, 23, 18, 97
891. Louvaine, 16, 23, 18, 98
901. Zamora, 8, 134
907. Pamplona, 8, 197
907. Presburg, 17, 43
910. Augsburg, 17, 43
ca. 912. Wels, 17, 43
913. The Inn, 18, 104
917. Alhange, 8, 135
918. San Pedro de Gormaz, 8, 135
918. Talavera, 8, 135
921. Val de Junquera, 8, 135, 198
927. Brunanburh, 11, 46
930. "Mecca, 1, 362
933. Merseburg, 9, 55
937. Brunanburh, 12, 255
939. Andernach, 18, no
939. Breisach (Brisach or Alt-
Breisach), 18, 110
939. Simancas, 8, 136
955- Augsburg, 17, 44, 188, 18, 112
955- Sechfeld (Lech), 17, 88, 18,
112
962. Candia, I, 367
962. Rome, 18, 114
963. Mopsuestia and Tarsus, I, 368,
369
964. Antioch and Aleppo, I, 369
965. Mopsuestia, 1, 368
975. Sulcoit, 12, 40
978. Paris, 18, 116
979. Tara, 12, 41
982. Monterrosa, 8, 137
983. Tyrisval, 16, 58
985. Verdun, 9, 59
1000. Svold, 16, 56
1000. Veszprim, 17, 47
1006. Pavia, 18, 121
1008. Peshawar, 5, 92
1013. Stongarde, 13, 23
1014. Almunecar, 8, 80
1014. Clontarf, 12, 42
1015. Seville, 8, 80
1018. Carham, 12, 256
1027. Viseu, 8, 139, 272
1035. Tafalla, 8, 231
1037. The Carrion, 8, 140
1047. Val-es-dunes, II, 62
1052. Carmona, 8, 86
1054. Atapuerca, 8, 200
1054. Burgos, 8, 141
1055. Cea, 8, 141
1057. Lamego, 8, 142
1057. Viseu, 8, 142, 272
1058. Coimbra, 8, 142
1060. Cordova, 8, 86
1064. Nissa River, 16, 67
1066. Stamford Bridge, 11, 66
1066. Hastings (Senlac), 9, 68, II,
66
1068. Pisuerga, 8, 142
1070. Manzikert, 5, 330
1072. Santarem, 8, 143
1075. Unstrut, 17, 00
1083. Toledo, 8, 143
1084. Rome, 18, 136
1086. Zalaca, 8, 88
1088. Rochester, II, 82
1089. Cordova, 8, 225
1089. Monzon, 8, 232
1091. Urgel, 8, 384
1093. Alne, 12, 258
1096. Alcoraz, 8, 232
1009. Jerusalem, 18, 138
1 102. Bridgenorth. 11, 89
1 106. Tinchebrai, 11, 89
74
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Battles, cont.
1106. Ucles, 8, 91
IIII. Sepulveda, 8, 144
1 1 18. Sargossa, 8, 92, 233
1119. Brenneville, 9, 72
1 120. Daroca, 8, 233
1130. Bordeaux, 8, 234
1133. Mequinencia, 8, 234
1134. Fodervig, 16, 76
1 134. Fraza, 8, 234
1138. Northallerton, 12, 26
1 138. Ourique, 8, 96, 274
1138. The Standard, II, 93, 12, 264
1140. Weinsberg, 17, 91, 18, 144
1141. Lincoln, II, 95
1141. Zara, 17, 54
1 142. Tremecen, 8, 96
1145. Oran, 8, 96
1145. Cordova, 8, 97
1145. Morocco, 8, 97
1 146. Almeria, 8, 236
1146. Baeza, 8, 97, 236
1 147. Lisbon, 8, 471
1 147. Tortosa, 8, 236
1155. Tortona, 18, 148
1157. Viborg, 16, 80
1158. Alcagar do Sal, 8, 275
1158. Crema, 4, 193
1158. Milan, 18, 150
1160. Crema, 18, 150
1162. Milan, 4, 193, 18, 151
1 162. Rome, 4, 194
1166. Ancona, 18, 152
1 169. Wexford, 12, 49
1170. Waterford, 12, 50
1 174. Alnwick, ix, 108
1 176. Alrantes, 8, 98
1 176. Caenza, 8, 98
1 176. Legnano, 4, 195, 18, 152
1 176. Toledo, 8, 98
1 183. Dannoura, 7, 62
1 183. Seta, 7, 62
1 184. Santarem, 8, 98
1 186. Ichinatani, 7, 62
1 186. Sanuki, 7, 62
1187. Jerusalem, 18, 155
1187. Tiberias, 9, 75
1 187. Tyre, 11, no
1 190. Grivdelwald, 13, 349
1191. Acre, 17, 92
1191. Naples, 18, 156
1191. Thaneswar, 5, 94
1 192. Acre, 11, 113
1 194. Delhi, 5, 95
1 194. St. Jean d'Acre, 9, 75
1 195. Alarcon, 8, 99, 147, 204, 237
1206. Montalvan, 8, 237
121 1. Salvatierre, 8, 100
1212. Calatrava, 8, 100
1212. Malagon, 8, 100
1212. Tolosa, 8, 101, 148, 204, 238
1213. Moscow, 6, 18
1213. Murat (Muret), 8, 238, 9, 78
1214. Bouvines, 9, 77, 11, 126, 13,
29
1216. Dover, 11, 130
1216. Toulouse, 9, 78
1217. Alcagar do Sal, 8, 278
1219. Damietta, 1, 36
1219. Wolmar, 16, 86
1225. Sidonia, 8, 102
1227. Bornhoved, 16, 89
1228-1230. Jaen, 8, 150
1228. Palmera, 8, 240
1233. Buriana, 8, 241
1234. Moncada, 8, 241
1235. Iviqa, 8, 241
1237. Carte Nuova (Cortenuovo),
4, 204, 18, 164
1238. Brescia, 4, 204
1238. Gaza, 8, 205
1238. Valencia, 8, 242
1240. Faenza, 13, 358
1240. Neva, 15, 10
1241. Grobnik, 17, 58
1241. Liegnitz, 15, 376
1242. Bridge of Taillebourg, 9, 81
1242. Saintes, 9, 81
1245. Jaen, 8, 105
1246. Carmona, 8, 106
1246. Leitha, 17, 59, 94
1247. Seville, 8, 106
1249. Damietta, 9, 81
1249. Mansurah (Mansourah), 1,
36, 9, 81
1253. Morava, 17, 73
1256. Bagdad, 5, 334
1256. Cressennbriinn, 17, 73
1260. Downpatrick, 12, 58
1261. Callan, 12, 58
1264. Lewes, 11, 140
1265. Evesham, 11, 141
1266. Benevento, 18, 169
1266. Grandella, 9, 84
1268. Arbia River, 4, 215
1268. Tagliacozzo, 4, 215, 18, 170
1273. Antequera, 8, no
1274. Hakozaki, 7, 74
GENERAL INDEX
75
Battle*, cont.
1376. Vienna, 14, 6, 18, 180
1378. Marchegg (March), 17, 76,
18, 181
1281. Dazaifu, 7, 75
1383. Gcrona, 8, 246
1383. Rosas (Rhodia), 8, 246
1384. Mcloria, 4, 336
1388. Berne, 13, 361
1389. Schoosshalde, 13, 361
1396. Deogiri, 5, 99
1396. Dunbar, II, 148
1397. Stirling, II, 150, 13, 275
1398. Dornbuhl, 13, 363
1398. Falkirk, 11, 150, la, 276
1298. Syracuse, 8, 248
1300. Pintimbur, 5, 99
1301. Kayounhissar (Baphoeum),
14. 17
1302. Courtray (Courtrai), 9, 87,
I3,3i
1303- Chitor, 5. 99
1303. Zeriksee, 9, 87
1304. Mons-en-Puclle, 9, 187
1306. Deogiri, 5, 100
1307. Horazdovce, 17, 113
1307. Keutenberg, 17, 113
1314. Bannockburn, II, 153, ia, 59,
280
1314. Stirling, ia, 279
1315. Morgarten, 18, 187
1316. Athenry, ia, 60
1318. Faughart, ia, 61
1319. Chapter of Mitton, ia, 282
1319. Granada, 8, 159
1322. Boroughbridge, II, 154
1322. Miihldorf, 17, 191, 18, 187
1326. Cagliari, 8, 249
1328. Casscl, 9, 93. 11, 158, 13, 32
1329. Gibraltar, 8, 112
1331. Koya, 7. 85
1331. Mount Kasagi, 7, 84
U3I- Yoshino, 7, 85
1333- Berwick, II, 157, ia, 285
1333- Halidon Hill, ia. 285
1333- Mount Kongo, 7, 86
1335- Mikawa. 7. 88
U35- Surtiga. 7. 88
1335- Tadaranohama, 7, 88
1336. Buonas, 13. 373
1339- Laupen, 13, 374
1339- Shijonawatc, 7, 91
1340. Ecluse, 9, 93
1340. Salado, 8, 286
340. Slys (Slui*). 11, 160, 13. 33
340. Tarifa, 8, 113
342-1343 Algeziras, 8, 115, 209
346. Calais, 9, 95
346. Cressy (Crcc,y). 9. 94. ", 161,
7. 115
346. KeviU's Cross, II, 161
347. Xativa, 8, 353
348. Calais, II, 162, 13, 34
351. Zurich, 13, 376
351. Tatwil. 13, 376
352. Rautifeld, 13, 376
352. Zurich, 13, 377
354. Zurich, 13, 378
356. Gallipoli, 14, 27
356. Poictiers (Poitiers), 9, 98, II,
164
361. Adrianople, 14, 39
363. Liitzen, 17, 3ii
363. Maritza, 14, 30
364. Cochcrel, 9, 103
364. Evreux, 9, 103
365. Aurai, 9, 103
365. Enkohing, 16, 108
366. Gallipoli, 4, 276
366. Iron Gates, 17, 152
367. Logrofio, 8, 167
367. Navarette, 9, 104
369. Montiel, 9, 104
375. Fraubrunnen, 13. 379
378-1379- Venice, 4, 240
381. Cape St. Vincent, 8, 173
382. Roscbek (Rosebeke), 9, 107,
"3. 35
385. Aljubarota, 8, 174. 299
386. Sempach, 13, 381, 17, 106,
18, 197
387. Iconium, 14, 31
388. Doffingen, 13, 384. 18, 197
388. Nafcls, 13. 382, 18, 197
388. Yisp, 13. 393
388. Worms, 18, 197
389. Kosovo, 14, 39, 34
389. Leahy, 16, 131
389. Wilna, 18, 199
396. Nicopolis, 9. 109, 13. 37. M.
37. 17. 155
396. Orsovo, 14, 40
397- Kells. ia. 68
308. Delhi, 3. 104
400. Baden. 13. 397
400. North Inch of Perth, ia, 387
401. Brescia. 18, 199
402. Angora, 14, 37, 48
76
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Battles, cont.
1402. Homildon, II, 193
1403. Vogelinseck, 13, 390
1405. Carmarthen, II, 194
1405. Stoss, 13, 390
1407. Bramham Moor, II, 194
1410. Tannenberg, 15, 378, 18, 199
141 1. Harlaw, 12, 289
1415. Agincourt (Azincourt), 9, ill,
11, 198
1415. Ceuta, 8, 301, 19, 15
1415. Harfleur, 9, 111, 11, 197
1417. Caen, 11, 199
1419. Tsushima, 7, 103
1419. Rouen, 11, 199
1419. Ulrich, 13, 393
1420. Prague, 17, 129
1420. Raby, 18, 208
1421. Immeroad, 16, 126
1421. Saatz, 17, 131
142 1. Meaux, 11, 200
1422. Arbedo, 13, 395
1422. Constantinople, 14, 58
1422. Sazava, 17, 132
1423. Crevant-sur-Yonne, 9, 114
1424. Verneiul, 9, 114, 11, 202, 13,
289
1426. Aussig, 17, 134
1428-1429. Orleans, 9, 114, 11, 203
1429. Herrings, 9, 114
1429. Patay, 9, 116, 11, 204
1431. Thauss, 18, 210
1434. Lipany, 17, 138
1434. Pilsen, 17, 137
1435. Gaeta, 8, 265
1437. Tangier, 8, 306
1439. Etzel, 13, 399
1440. Etzel, 13, 399
1442. Hermanstadt, 14, 61, 17, 157
1442. Iron Gates, 17, 157
1442. Vasog, 14, 61
1443. Freienbach, 13, 400
1443. Hirzel, 13, 400
1443. St. Jakob, 13, 400
1444. Brugg, 13, 401
1444. Farnsburg, 13, 401
1444. Greifensee, 13, 401
1444. St. Jacques (St. Jacob), 9,
118, 18, 213
1444. Varna, 14, 65, 17, 158
1444. Zurich, 13, 401
1445. Birs, 13, 402
1445. Muttenz, 13, 402
1445. Olmedo, 8, 178
1445. Pratteln, 13, 402
1445. St. Jakob an der Birs, 13,
402
1446. Ragatz, 13, 402
1448. Kosovo, 17, 159
1449. Alfarrabeira, 8, 313
1451. Budweiss, 17, 144
1453. Constantinople, 2, 536, 14,
75, 82
1453. Corfu, 2, 536
1453. Formigny, 9, 118
1454. Arkinholm, 12, 295
1455. St. Albans, 11, 211
1456. Belgrade, 14, 82
1456. Kaffa, 14, 84
1456. Krushevats, 17, 160
1457. Alcaqar Seguer (Alcazar-Se-
guer), 8, 315
1460. Northampton, 11, 211
1460. Roxburgh, 12, 296
1460. Wakefield, 11, 212
1461. Mortimer's Cross, 11, 212
1461. St. Albans, 11, 212
1461. Ferry Bridge, 11, 213
1461. Towton, 11, 213
1464. Arsilla, 8, 316
1464. Ceuta, 8, 316
1465. Montlhery, 9, 122
1468. Waldshut, 13, 404
1469. Olmedo, 8, 182
1470. Stamford (Losecoat Field),
11, 216
1471. Barnet (Chipping Barnet),
11, 217
1471. Brunkebjerg, 16, 134
1471. Paralada, 8, 267
1472. Beauvais, 13, 45
1473. Perpignan, 8, 267
1474. Hericourt, 13, 407
1474-1475. Neuss, 13, 46, 406, 18,
217
1475. Sion, 13, 407
1476. Grandson (Granson), 9, 124,
13, 47, 407, 408, 18, 217
1476. Morat, 9, 124, 13, 47, 408, 18,
218
1477. Nancy, 13, 409, 18, 218
1478. Bellinzona (Bellenz), 13, 414
1478. Giornico, 13, 414
1479. Guinegate, 9, 125, 13, 50
1479. Kenyer-Meso, 17, 164
1480. Oka, 15, 13
1480. Rhodes, Island of, 14, 85
1485. Bosworth, 11, 222
GENERAL INDEX
77
Battles, cont.
1487. Stoke, 11, 225
1488. Malaga, 8, 122
1488. St. Aubin du Cormier, 9, 128
1488. Sauchieburn, 2, 298
1490. Vienna, 18, 219
1492. Boulogne, 9, 129
1495- Fomovo, 4, 290, 9, 131
1495. Parma, 18, 227
1496. Knockdoe, 12, 76
1497. Samarkand, 5, 109
1499. Bruderholz, 13, 418
1499. Frastenz, 13, 418
1499. Hard (Fussach), 13, 418
1499. Schwaderloo, 13, 418
1499 Trieson, 13, 418
1499. Calven, 13, 419
1499. Dorneck (Dornach), 13, 419
1500. Hemmingstedt, 16, 139
1503. Cerignoleo, 9, 133
1503. Seminara, 9, 133
1504. Garigliano, 9, 133
1508. Agnadel, 9, 134
1508. Chaul, 5, 148
1509. Aden, 8, 329
1509. Agnadello, 4, 292
1509. Diu, 5, 148
1569. Oran, 8, 192
1510. Goa, 5, 149
151 1. Malacca, 20, 42
1512. Ravenna, 4, 293, 9, 134
15 13. Azamor, 8, 333
1513. Dijon, 9, 135
1 5 13. Flodden, II, 236, 12, 300
1513. Novara, 4, 293, 9, 135, 13, 421
1513. Guinegate, called the Battle
of the Spurs, 9, 135, II, 236, 13,
54
1513. Temesvar, 17, 168
1514. Chalderan, 5, 341, 14, 125
1515. Marignano, 4, 394, 9, 136, 13,
422
1515. Villafranca, 4, 294
1516. Aleppo, 14, 129
1516. St. Jean Pied de Port, 8, 340
1519. Cholula, 22, 20
1519. The Grijalava, 22, 13
1519. Rio de Tabasco, 22, 13
1520. Aasund, 16, 141, 148
1521. Brunnbak, 16. 153
1521. Chalco, 22, 46
1521. Cuernavaca (Guauhnahuac),
22, 47
1521. City of Mexico, 23, 39
1 52 1. Logiofto, 8, 349
1521. Mczieres, 9, 138
1521. Mohacs (Mohatz), 17, 168,
169
1521. Vesteraas, 16, 153
1521. Xochimilco, 22, 48
1522. Bicocca (Bicoque), 4, 301, 9,
138
1522. Novara, 4, 301
1524. Jedburgh, 12, 302
1524. Guetzalunango, 22, 429
1525. Muhlhausen, 18, 243
1525. Pa via, 4, 302, 8, 350, 9, 139,
II, 241, 13, 56, 439, 18, 245
1526. Buda, 17, 169
1526. Mohacs (Mohatz), 17, 150
1526. Panipat, 5, 109
1527. Ake, 22, 424
1527. Fatehpur Sikri, 5, 109
1527. Florence, 4, 306
1527. Rome, 4, 304, 9, 140, 18, 246
1528. Chichen-Otza, 22, 424
1528. Landriano, 9, 141
1529. Diu, 8, 434
1529. Nice, 4, 305
1529. Vienna, 14, 152
1531. Kappel, 13, 444
1531. Gubel, 13, 445
1532. Vienna, 18, 250
1535- Berne, 13, 447
1535. Gadalebi, 8, 437
1537- Champoton, 22, 425
1537- Diu, 8, 435
1537. Santiago de Cuba, 22, 449
1537. Siena, 4, 307
1538. Diu, 3, 150
1538. Prevesa, 14, 163
1540. Buda, 17, 217
1542. Solway Moss, 12, 304
1542. Tihoo, 22, 425
1544. Boulogne, 11, 261
1544. Cerisoles, 9, 143
1545. Kalinjar, 5. "0
1546. Diu, 5, 151
1546. Quito, 21, 27
1547. Guarina, 21, 27
1547. Muhlberg, 9, 145, 17, 196, 18,
255
1547. Pinkie Cleugh (Pinkey or
Pinkie), II, 265, 12, 306
1548. Constance, 13, 460
IS50-I55I- Magdeburg. 18. 256
1552. Metz, 9, 146, 18, 258
1552. Renti, 9, 147
78
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Battles, cont.
1554. Astrakhan, 14, 193
I5S4-I5S5- Sienna, 9, 147
1556. Sirhind, 5, no
1556. Panipat, 5, ill
1557- St. Quentin, 4, 307, 8, 354,
355, 11, 272, 13, 70
1558. Calais, 9, 148, 11, 275, 13,
70
1558. Gravelines, 9, 148, 13, 70
1560. Famagosta, 4, 309
1560. Nicosia, 4, 309
1560. Okehazama, 7, no
1561. Daman, 5, 151
1562. Dreux, 9, 154, 13, 460
1562. Jarnac, 13, 460
1562. Rouen, 9, 154
1562. St. Denis, 13, 460
1565. Malta, 8, 355
1565. St. Elmo, 14, 173
1565. Talikot, 5, 90, 107, 151
1566. Sziget, 14, 175, 17, 219
1567. Bois-le-duc, 13, 101
1567. Osterweel, 13, 102
1567. Gotha, 18, 262
1567. St. Denis, 9, 155
1567. Valenciennes, 13, 100
1568. Amsterdam, 8, 360
1568. Hiligerbee, 13, 109
1568. Jemmingen, 13, 109
1568. Langside, 12, 319
1569. Jarnac, 9, 156
1569. Roche-Abeille, 9, 156
1569. Valor, 8, 370
1569. Varberg, 16, 162
1570. Moncontour, 9, 156
1571. Lepanto, 2, 537, 4, 368, 8
355, 14, 5, 196
1572. Briel, 13, 113
1572. Edinburgh, 12, 322
1572. Haarlem, 13, 113
1572. Malawa, 5, 113
1572. Mons, 13, 113
1572. Mechlin, 13, 114
1572. Sancerre, 9, 158
1572. Rochelle, 9, 158
1572. Tergoes, 13, 114
1572. Waerden, 13, 114
1573- Alkmaar, 13, 114
1573- Bergen-op-Zoom, 13, 116
1573. Eikyo, 7, 118
1573- Orissa, 5, 113
1573. Zuyder Zee, 13, 114
1574. Leyden, 13, 118
1574. Mookerheyder, 13, 1 17
1575. Zuriczee, 13, 120
1576. Alost, 13, 121
1578. Alcacar Seguer (Alcazar-Se-
guer), 8, 445
1578. Gemblours, 13, 130
1578. Malacca, 5, 152
1578. Reminants, 13, 130
1579. Maestricht, 13, 133
1580. Cahors, 9, 161
1580. Smerwick, 11, 291, 12, 90
1581. Tournay, 13, 137
1582. Yamazaki, 7, 112
1 584-1 585. Antwerp, 13, 147
1585. Herat, 5, 343
1586. Grave, 13, 151
1586. Wernsfeld, 13, 151
1586. Zutphen, 13, 151
1587. Courtras, 9, 162
1588. Barricades, 9, 163
1588. Gravelines, II, 297
1589. Arques, 9, 167
1589. Nimeguen, 13, 155
1589. La Noue, 9, 165
1589-1590. Paris, 13, 156
1590. Dreux, 9, 167
1590. Flour, 9, 168
1590. Yori, 13, 156
1591. Rouen, 13, 158
1592. Aumale, 9, 168
1592. Corunna, II, 298
1592. Fusan, 7, 117
1592. Kegushagushu, 7, 117
1592. Sisek, 17, 223
1594. Groningen, 13, 161
1594. Kandahar, 5, 113
1595- Fontaine-Franqaise, 9, 170
1596. Cadiz, 11, 298, 13, 163
1596. Calais, 13, 163
1596. Cerestes, 14, 206, 239
1596. Hulst, 13, 163
1597- Portmore, 12, 96
1597- Turnhout, 13, 164
1598. Blackwater, 11, 303
1598. Shinsai, 7, 121
1598. Stangebro, 16, 170
1598. Yellow Ford, 12, 96
1600. Nieuport, 13, 172
1600. Sekigahara, 7, 124
1601. Bois-le-duc, 13, 176
1601. Kanisza, 17, 223
1601. Kassa (Kaschau), 17, 224
GENERAL INDEX
79
Battles, cont.
1601-1604. Ostend, 13, 177
1601. Kinsale, 8, 375, ia, 101
1603. Kinsale, ia, ioa
1602. Aughrim, 1 a, 104
1602. Geneva, 13, 459
1603. Hegushagu, 7, 119
1603. Hekitei-kan, 7, 119
1603. Kaineifu, 7, 118
1603. Shisen, 7, 121
1603. Goa, 5, 152
1604. Glen Fruin, ia, 333
1604. Dover, 13, 180
1604. Ruhrart, 13, 179
1607. Gibraltar, 13. 183
1610. Julicrs, 9, 177
161 1. Calmar, 16, 176
1612. Swally, 5. 160
1614. Budweiss, 17, 202
1614. Osaka, 7, 126
1615. Malacca, 5, 152
1619. Vienna, 18, 269
1620. Pont-de-Ce, 9. 181
1620. Prague (called the Battle of
White Mountain or White Hill),
9, 189, 11, 313, 17, 206, 226, 18,
270
1620. Tirano, 13, 463
1621. Egncn, 6, 179
1621. Montauban, 9, 181
1621. Rochelle, 9, 181
1622. Bergcn-op-Zoom, 13, 204
if. j j. Wimpfen, 18, 272
1623. Stadtlohn, 18, 273
1624. San Salvador, 8, 460
1625. Breda, 13, 207
1625. Hamelin, 18, 274
1626. Dessau, 18, 275
1626. Lutter, 18, 275
1627-1628. Rochelle, 9, 185, II, 322,
13. 209
1628. Havana, 13, 209
1628. Malacca, 5. 152
1628. Stralsund, 18, 276
1629. Hugli, 5. ISO
1629. Stuhm, 16, 180
1630. Rivoli, 4, 319
163 1. Breitenfcld. 16, 181, 18, 280
1631. Lech, 9. 190
1631. Leipzig, 9. 100. 18, 280
1631. Magdeburg, 18, 279
1632. Castclnaudary. 9, 188
1632. Klus, 13, 464
1632. Leek, 16, 181, 18, 282
1632. Lutzcn, 9, 190, 13, 215, 16,
182, 18, 284
1632. Prague, 18, 283
1634. Nordlingen, 9, 190, 13, 211,
16, 186, 18, 288
1635. Avcnncs (Avein), 9, 191, 13,
212
1635. Louvain, 13, 212
1635. Morbegno, 9, 191
1635. Val de Presle, 9, 192
1636. Maggiore, 9, 192
1636. Wittstock, 16, 186
1637. Breda, 13, 212
1637-1638. Breisach (Brisach or
Alt-Breisach), 18, 289
1638. Amakusa, 7, 137
1638. Bagdad, 14, 221
1639. Bridge of Dee, I a, 338
1639. Goa, 3, 152
1639. Prague, 18, 291
1639. La Rotta, 9, 193
1639. North Foreland (called the
Battle of the Downs), 11, 387, 13,
213
1639. Thionvillc, 9, 193
1639. Trot of Turriff, 1 a, 337
1640. Arras, 9, 194
1640. Casale, 4, 322, 9, 193
1640. Newburn on the Tyne, 11,
337, 12, 339
1640. Turin, 4, 323
164 1. Azov, 14, 228
1641. Kcmpcn, 9, 194
1641. Wolfenbuttel, 9, 194
1642. Breitenfeld, 16, 187
i(>4J. Hanne Court, 13, 214
1642. Lerida, 9, 194
1642. Perpignan, 9, 194
1642. Edgchill, 11, 344
if 14 3. Gloucester, 11, 345
1643. Peking, 6, 51
1643. Hulst, 13, 214
1643. Tuttlingcn, 9, 119
1643. Rocroi (Rocroy), 9, 199, 13,
214
1643. Newbury, II, 345
1643. Reading, II, 345
if>4.V Winceby, II, 348
1644. Freiburg, 9, 199
1644. Cropredy, II, 349
80
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Battles, cont.
1644. Marston Moor, 11, 348, 12,
339
1644. Tippermuir, 12, 340
1644. Newbury, II, 350
1644. Newcastle, 12, 339
1645. Naseby, II, 353
1645. Leicester, 11, 353
1645. Oxford, 11, 353
1645. Philiphaugh, 11, 354, 13, 340
1645. Nordlingen, 9, 199
1645. Jaukowitz, 16, 187
1645. Tabor, 18, 291
1645. Donauwoerth, 18, 292
1646. Benburb, 12, 121
1646. Newark, 11, 355, 12, 340
1646. Lerida, 9, 199
1646. Stow-on-the-Wold, II, 355
1646. Venlo, 13, 217
1647. Knocknanuss, 12, 123
1647. Sommerhausen, 9, 200
1648. Colchester, 11, 360
1648. Lens, 9, 200
1648. Preston, 12, 341
1649. Drogheda, 11, 363
1649. Dublin, 12, 123
1649. Wexford, 12, 124
1650. Dunbar, 11, 364, 12, 343
1650. Rethel, 9, 203
165 1. Worcester, 11, 364, 12, 343
1652. Limerick, 12, 126
1652. Dover, 13, 229
1652. Plymouth, 13, 230
1653. Bleneau, 9, 204
1653. Saint- Antoine, 9, 205
1653. Scheveling, 13, 230
1653. Geslikon, 13, 473
1653. Herzogenbuchsee, 13, 473
1653. Wohlenswil, 13, 473
1654. Arras, 9, 206
1654. Jamaica, 11, 370
1655. Lochaber, 12, 291
1655. Lock Garry, 12, 344
1656. Rapperswil, 13, 476
1656. Vilmergen, 13, 476
1656. Warsaw, 16, 207, 18, 300
1657. Villaviciosa, 8, 466
1657. Santa Cruz, 11, 371
1658. Copenhagen, 13, 231, 16, 209
1658. Jaffnapatam, 5, 155
1658. Dunes, 9, 206, 11, 372
1659. Elvas, 8, 465
1659. Cochin, 8, 470
1659. Winnington Bridge, 11, 374
1664. Kormend, 17, 228
1664. Saint-Gothard, 9, 208, 14,
238, 241, 17, 228
1664. Villaviciosa, 8, 379
1665. Lowestaft, 11, 386
1666. Zuyder Zee, 11, 387
1669. Airds Moss, 12, 348
1669. Bothwell Bridge, 12, 348
1669. Candia, 14, 243
1672. Kaminiets, 14, 245
1672. Lemberg, 14, 245
1672. Solebay (Southwold), 9, 210,
13, 236
1673. Texel, 11, 399
1674. Naarden, 13, 239
1674. Senef (Seneffe), 9, 211, 13,
240
1674. Ensheim, 9, 211
1674 Miilhausen, 9, 211
1674. Colmar, 9, 211
1674. Turkheim, 9, 211
1675. Salzbach, 9, 211
1675. Consarbriick, 9, 212
1675. Fehrbellin, 16, 211, 18, 301
1675. Lemberg, 14, 245
1675. Maestricht, 13, 240
1676. Agosta, 9, 212
1676. Stromboli, 9, 212
1676. Lund, 16, 212
1677. Valenciennes, 13, 240
1677. St. Omer, 13, 241
1677. Cassel, 9, 212, 13, 241
1678. Mons, 13, 241
1679. Bothwell Bridge, 11, 409
1680. St. Sacrament, 20, 95
1680. Santa Fe, 22, 176
1682. Bantam, 5, 167
1 683-1684. Genoa, 9, 213
1683. Vienna, 14, 248, 15, 382, 18,
303
1683. Mohacs (Mohatz), 17, 230
1683. Presburg, 17, 230
1683. Vera Cruz, 22, 178
1687. Erlam, 14, 255
1687. Munkacs (Munkatz or Mo-
hacs), 17, 230, 18, 303
1688. Belgrade, 14, 256, 18, 304
1689. Killiecrankie, 11, 436, 12, 352
1689. Beachy Head, 1 1, 438
1689. Derry, 12, 134
1689. Newtonbutler, 12, 140
1689. Dunkeld, 12, 353
1690. Cork, 12, 149
1690. Fleurus, 9, 218, 13, 245
GENERAL INDEX
81
Battles, cont.
1704-
1690.
StafTarde, 4, 326, 9, 218
1704-
169a
Mons, 13, 245
1704.
1690.
Limerick, II, 438, 1 J, 144
1704.
1690.
Athlone, 12, 144
1704-
1690.
Spey, ia, 353
1704.
1690.
Nish, 14, 259
1705.
1 691.
Athlone, 13, 150
1705.
1691.
Aughrim, 9, 218, 12, 152
1705.
1691.
Belgrade, 14, 260
1705.
1691.
Boyne, 9, 218, II, 438, 13,
1705.
141
1705.
1691.
Salankeman, 14, 260
1 705- 1
1691.
Leuze, 9, 218
1706.
1 691-1
693. Limerick, 13, 153
1706.
1691.
Barcelona, 8, 384
1706.
1691.
Alicante, 8, 384
1706.
1693.
Stcinkirk, 9, 318, 11, 440
456,
1692.
Namur, 13, 345
1707.
1692.
La Hoguc, 9, 219, 11, 440,
251
13,
245
1708.
1693-
Marsaglia, 4, 326
18,
1693-
Neerwinden (Landen), 9,
1708.
219,
II, 440, 13, 245
1708.
1694.
Barcelona, 8, 384
1708.
1694.
Huy, 13. 345
170a
1695.
Brussels, 13, 345
1708.
1695.
Kizi-Kermen, 15, 33
1708.
1696.
Azov, 14, 326, 302, 15, 32
1708.
1697.
Zenta, 13, 246, 14, 263, 17,
1708.
231.
18, 304
1709.
1697.
Pondicherri, 9, 219
220,
1700.
Tonningen, 16, 214
1709.
1700.
Riga, 16, 215
13,
1700.
Narva, 15, 38, 16, 216, 18,
1710.
317
1710.
1700.
Purtsi, 15, 39
1710.
1701.
Chiari, 9, 220
1710.
1 701.
Rapino, 15, 42
1710-1
1702.
Lazzara, 8, 390
171 1.
1702.
Cadiz, 8, 391
1711.
1702.
Ehrestfer, 15, 42
1712.
1702.
Hummelsdorf, 15, 43
1712.
1702.
Riga, 15, 43
1712.
1702.
Klissovo, 15, 80, 16, 216
1713.
1702.
Vigo, 9, 221
1714.
1702.
Freidlingen, 9, 221
i7'5-
1703.
Luzara, 9, 220
I7I5-
1703.
Nienschantz, 15, 91
1 7 16.
1704.
Donauwerth, 9, 221
1716.
1704.
Gibraltar, 8, 394, 9, 221, 1 1,
319
456
1716.
1704.
Blenheim, 9, 221, II, 455, 13,
1717.
250
. 18, 313
1717-
Malaga, 9, 331
Verrua, 4. 327
Turin, 4, 327
Salvatierrc, 8, 393
Monscato, 8, 393
Punitz, 16, 317
Barcelona, 8, 395, 9, 333
Adda, 9, 233
The Adige, 4, 339
The Mincio, 4, 339
The Po, 4, 329
St. Sacrament, 30. 95
706. Turin, 4, 329, 9, 333
Mondovi, 9, 308
Calcinato, 9, 333
Franstadt, 16, 317
Ramillies, 8, 397, 9, 222, 11,
13, 250, 16, 218, 18, 314
Almanza, 8, 398, 9, 223, 13.
Oudenarde, II, 459, 13, 250,
314
Lille, II, 459, 18, 314
Mohilev, 15, 40
Dobroe, 15, 47
Golovchino, 15, 47
Liesnoe, 15, 49
Batumi. 15, 50
Holovin, 16, 219
Trencsin, 17, 233
Pultava, 14, 275, 15. 51, 16,
18, 317
Malplaquet, 9, 223, II, 459,
250, 18, 314
Almenara, 8, 399
Brihuega, 8, 399
Saragossa, 8, 399, 9, 223
Yillaviciosa, 9, 224, 13, 251
711. Riga, 15, 55
Bouchain, 13, 251
Pruth, 15, 59
Denain, 9, 224, 11, 463
Vilmcrgcn, 13. 480
Kalisch, 15, 256
Abo, 15, 64
Barcelona, 8, 402
Corinth, 14, 286
Stralsund, 15, 63
SherirTmuir, 11, 470
Peterwardein, 17, 235, 18,
Temesvar, 14, 289
Belgrade, 14. 289, 18, 320
Ispahan, 5, 349
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Battles, cont.
1718. Frederikshald, 15, 66, 16,
223
1719. Glenshiel, 12, 365
1721. Grengam, 15, 67
1725. Damghan, 5, 350
1733- Bankipur (Banky-bazaar), 5,
174
1733- Bagdad, 5, 35*, 14, 295
1733. Samrah, 5, 351
1734. Dantzig (Danzig, Dantzic),
9, 235, 15, 119
1734. Parma, 9, 236
1734. Guastalla, 9, 236
1736. Azov, 15, 121
1736. Perekop, 15, 122
1736. Delhi, 5, 127
1736-1737. Kandahar, 5, 352
1737- Ochakov, 14, 308, 15, 123
1737. Nish, 14, 310
1738. Kamal, 5, 353
1739. Bassein, 5, 152
1739. Chotim, 14, 314
1739. Krotzka, 14, 314
1739. Belgrade, 15, 123
J 739- Stavuchani, 15, 124
1740. Breslau, 18, 329, 337
1741. Molwitz, 9, 237, 17, 240, 18,
329
1741. Wilmanstrand (Vilman-
strand), 15, 131, 16, 228
1743. Col of Assietta, 4, 334
1743. Dettingen, 9, 239, 13, 255,
18, 330
1744. Toulon, 9, 238
1745. Tournay, 9, 239
1745. Fontenoy, 9, 239, 11, 487, 13,
255
1745. Hohenfriedberg, 18, 331
1745. Preston Pans, 11, 487, 12,
367
1745. Soor, 18, 331
1745. Kesselsdorf, 18, 331
1746. Falkirk, 11, 488
1746. Stirling, 12, 367
1746. Culloden Moor, 11, 488, 12,
368
1746. Saint Thome, 5, 170
1746. Madras, 5, 179
1747. Rocoux, 9, 240
1747. Lawfeld, 9, 240
1747. Cape Finisterre, 9, 240
1747. Belle-Isle, 9, 240
1748. Maestricht, 9, 240
1748. Pondicherri, 5, 179, 20, IIS
1750. Largos, 11, 501
1750. Trichinopoly, 9, 242
1751. Arcot, 5, 180
1755- Fort Gaspereau, 23, 180
1756. Calcutta, 5, 182
1756. Port Mahon, 9, 244, 11, 496
1756. Lobositz, 9, 244, 15, 145, 18,
335
1757. Hastenbeck, 9, 245, 11, 499
1757. Prague, 9, 245, 18, 335
I757- Kolin, 9, 245, 17, 244, 18, 335
1757. Rossbach, 9, 245, 11, 499, 17,
244, 18, 336
1757. Leuthen, 9, 245, II, 499, 17,
244, 18, 337
I 757- Chandernagore, 9, 246
1757- Great Meadows, 23, 172
1757. Memel, 15, 146
1757- Gross-Jagerndorf, 15, 147
1757. Plassey, 5, 183, II, 502, 23,
187
1758. Crevelt, 9, 245
1758. Sonderhausen, 9, 245
1758. Lutterberg, 9, 245
1758. Hochkirch, 18, 339
1758. Kiistrin, 15, 148
1758. Olmiitz, 17, 70, 18, 338
1758. Zorndorf, 9, 245, 15, 148, 18,
338
1758. Fort Frontenac, 23, 190
1759. Bergen, 9, 245
1759. Minden, 9, 245, 11, 501, 18,
339
1759. Kunersdorf, 15, 148, 18, 339
1759- Quebec (Heights of Abra-
ham), 9, 246, 11, 500, 20, 118, 23,
193
1759. Cape St. Vincent, 9, 246
1759. Havre, 11, 501
1759- Quiberon, 11, 501
1759- Guadeloupe, 20, 118
1759. Dresden, 18, 340
1759. Chinsurah, 5, 155
1760. Wandiwash, 5, 180, II, 502,
20, 119
1760. Landshut, 18, 340
1760. Korbach, 9, 246
1760. Rhumberg, 9, 246
1760. Liegnitz, 9, 246, 18, 340
1760. Berlin, 18, 341
1760. Senegal, 9, 246
GENERAL INDEX
88
Battles, cont. 1780
1760. Torgau, 9, 346, 18, 341 178a
1761. Pondicherri (Pondicherry), 1780.
8. 170, 9. 246 1780.
1761. Panipat, 5. 128. *33 1781.
1762. Freilburg, 18, 343 1781.
1762. Manila, 5. 181 381
1763. Patna, 5, 187 1781.
1763. Gheria, 5. 187 1781.
1763. Udhunala, 5, 187 1781.
1764. Baxar, 8. 126, 128, 135, 187 1781.
1768. Balta, 14, 321 1781.
1770. Tripolitza, 14, 327 1781.
1770. Lemnos, 14, 328 1782.
1770. Bender, 14, 329 1782.
1770. Kagul, 15, 177 1783.
1770. Napoli di Romani, 15, 179 1787.
1771. Tenesmi, 13, 178 1788.
1771. Mitylene, 15, 180 1788.
1771. Lemnos, 15, 180 1789.
1771. Alamance, 33, 217 1789.
1773. Orenburg, 15, 168 1789.
1774. Kozlidje, 14, 338 1789.
1774. Kazan, 15, 170 1789.
1774. Tsaritsin, 15, 170 1789.
1775. Lexington, II, 515, 30, 127, 1789.
23, 226 1789.
1775. Concord, 11, 515, 23, 227 1789.
1775. Ticonderoga, II, 515 1789.
1775. Bunker Hill, II, 516, 23, 232 1789.
1776. Moore's Creek, 23, 236 1790.
1776. Charleston, 23, 236 1790.
1776. Long Island, 23, 243 1700.
1776. Harlem Heights, 23. 243 1790.
1776. White Plains, 23, 244 1700.
1776. Trenton, 11, 516, 23, 248 1792.
1777. Princeton, 11, 516, 23, 249 1792.
1777. Hubbardton, 23, 252 356
1777. Oriskany, 23, 254 1792.
1777. Bennington, 23, 253 1792.
1777. Brandy wine, II, 517, 23, 259 356
1777. Germantown, 23, 260 1792.
1777. Freeman's Farm, 23, 255 356
1777. Bemis Heights, 23, 255 1792.
1777- Saratoga, 9, 254, II, 517, 12, 1792.
181, 30, 128, 23, 255 280,
1778. Monmouth, 23, 263 1792.
1778. Pondicherry, 9, 256 1793.
1779. Briar Creek, 33, 272 1793.
1779. Gibraltar, 8, 417 1793.
1780. Ninety-Six, 23, 274 1793.
1780. Gwalior, 5, 193 1793.
1780. Hanging Rock, 23. 274 1793.
Camden, 23, 274
Santee, 33, 378
King's Mountain, 33, 279
Sorata, 21, 52
Cowpcns, 33, 381
Guilford Court House, 33,
Dogger Bank, 13, 358
Hobkirk's Hill, 33, 383
Eutaw Springs, 33, 282
Yorktown, 9, 256, 23, 285
Perambakam, 5, 193
Madras, 5, 193
St. Lucia, 9, 256
Gibraltar, 9, 256, II, 523
Gondclour, 9, 257
Kinburn, 15, 184
Mehadia, 14, 354
Ochakov, 14, 354
Bastile, 9, 264, 10, 63
Turnhout, 13, 261
Burges, 13, 261
Ypres, 13, 261
Ostend, 13, 261
Fokshani, 15, 185
Rimnik, 15, 185
Galatz, 15, 185
Hogland, 15, 187
Rochensalm, 15, 188
Belgrade, 18, 351
Orsova, 14, 357
Giurgevo, 14, 357
Ismail, 14, 359
Seskar, 15, 188
Shiraz, 5, 356
Magdeburg, 9, 275
Longwy, 9, 276, 10, 205. 18,
Olmutz, 9, 276
Verdun, 9, 276, 10, 205, 18,
Valmy, 9, 277, 10, 210, 18,
Lille, 10, 212
Jcmappcs, 9. 279, 13, 263, 17,
18, 356
Dubienka, 18, 358
Dantzic, 13, 189
Mans, 10, 248 note
Aix-la-Chapelle, 10. 246
St. Vincent. 10, 249
Beaupreau, 10. 249
Aubicrs, 10. 249
84
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Battles, cont.
1793. Cholet, 10, 248 note, 249, 276
l 793- Neerwinden, 9, 283, 10, 249,
13, 263, 17, 281, 18, 357
1793- Chatillon, 10, 276
1793- Granville, 10, 276
1793. Mons, 10, 276
1793- Savenay, 10, 276
1793. Hondtschoote, 10, 276
1793. Dunkirk, 9, 286
1793. Yser, 9, 286
1793. Wattignies, 10, 277
1793- Toulon, 10, 275
1794. Landrecies, 9, 289
1794. Cambrai, 9, 289
1794. Mouscron, 9, 289
1794. Turcoin, 9, 290
1794. First of June, II, 543
1794. To u may, 9, 290
1794. Ypres, 9, 290
1794. Hooghlede, 9, 290, 10, 345
1794. Fleurus or Charier oi, 9, 290,
10, 345, 11, 543, 13, 264, 17, 281,
18, 357
1794. Macieiowice, 9, 290, 15, 190
1794. Nimeguen on the Waal, 9,
290
1794- Praga, 18, 358
1794. Kirman, 5, 356
1795. Luxemburg, 9, 293
1795. Belle-Isle, 9, 294
1795. Saint-Sebastian, 10, 347
x 795- Fontarabia, 10, 347
1795- The Diamond, 12, 205
1795. Dusseldorf, 18, 359
1795. Mannheim, 18, 359
1796. Montenotte, 9, 298, 17, 282
1796. Millesimo, 9, 298, 17, 282
1796. Diego, 9, 298
1796. Lodi Bridge, 9, 298
1796. Milan, 18, 360
1796. Rastatt, 9, 299
1796. Lonato, 9, 299
1796. Castiglione (Castiglione delle
Stiviere), 9, 299
1796. Neresheim, 9, 300
1796. Roveredo, 9, 300
1796. Bassano, 9, 300
1796. Legnano, 9, 300
1796. Biberach, 9, 301
1796. Wurzburg, 9, 300
1796. Caldiero, 9, 301
1796. Arcole (Areola), 9, 301, 17,
282
1796. Tashilumbo, 6, 101
1797. Rivoli, 9, 302, 17, 282
1797. Cape St. Vincent, 8, 483, 11,
547
1797. Favorite, 9, 302
1797. Castel-Bolognese, 9, 302
1797. Mantua, 4, 344
1797. Venice, 17, 283
1797. Camperdown, 11, 548, 12,
208, 13, 266
1798. Oulart Hill, 12, 210
1798. Three Rocks, 12, 211
1798. Gorey or New Ross, 12, 211
1798. Newtownbarry, 12, 211
1798. Antrim, 12, 213
1798. Arklow, 12, 212
1798. Saintfield, 12, 213
1798. Ballynahinch, 12, 213
1798. Vinegar Hill, 12, 212
1798. Lough Swilly, 12, 214
1798. Chebreiss, 9, 309
1798. Pyramids, 1, 37, 8, 483, 9,
309, 10, 409, 11, 549, 14, 380
1798. Aboukir Bay or The Nile, 1,
37, 8, 483, 527, 10, 409, n, 549,
14, 380, 20, 141
1798. Meueneck, 13, 511
1798. Granholz, 13, 511
1798. Wollerau, 13, 514
1798. Pfaffikon, 13, 514
1799. Ostrach, 10, 403
1799. Stockach, 9, 308, 10, 403
1799. Verona, 10, 403
1799. Legnano, 10, 403
1799. Magnano, 9, 308
1799. St. Jean d'Acre, 9, 309, 10,
409, 14, 381
1799. Gaza, 9, 309, 14, 382
1799. Jaffa, 9, 309, 14, 382
1799. Mount Thabor, 14, 382
1799. Cassano, 10, 403
1799. Seringapatam, 5, 200, 20, 144
1799. Zurich, 9, 310, 10, 407, 13,
516, 18, 362
1799. Trebbia, 9, 309, 10, 403
1799. Aboukir, 9, 310, 10, 409, 14,
383, 20, 141
1799. Novi, 9, 310, 10, 408
1799. Zip, 10, 403
1799. Berghem (Bergen or Bergen-
op-Zoom), 9, 310, 10, 407, 13,
267
1799. Alkmaar, 10, 407
1799. Castricum, 10, 407
GENERAL INDEX
85
Battle*, cont.
1799. Genoa, 9, 316, 18, 363
1800. Heliopolis, 9, 318, 10, 440,
14. 384
1800. Montebello, 9, 316, 10, 439
1800. Marengo, 4, 345, 9, 317, 10.
439, 17, 285, 18, 364
1800. Grand Champ, 10, 441
1800. Hochstadt, 10, 442
1800. Neuburg, 9, 317
1800. Hohenlinden, 9, 317, 10, 442,
17, 285, 18, 364
1800. Salzburg, 9, 317
1800. Schwanstadt, 9, 317
1800. Erivan, 5, 358
1800. Malta, IX, 551
1801. Canopa, 9, 318
1801. Copenhagen, 8, 529, II, 552,
16, 255
1802. Macao, 6, 119
1802. Rengg, 13, 518
1802. Zurich, 13, 518
1802. Morat (Murten), 13, 518
1803. Cairo, I, 37
1803. Ahlmadnagar, 5, 201
1803. Assaye, 5, 136, 201
1803. Argaum, 5, 136
1803. Aligarth, 5, 201
1803. Laswari, 5, 136, 201
1803. Delhi, 5, 136, 201
1804. Dig, s. 136
1805. Bhartpur, 5, 201
1805. Ferrol, 9, 325
1805. Elchingen, 9, 326
1805. Giinzburg, 9, 326
1805. Wertingen, 9, 326, 10, 464
1805. Hasslach, 9, 326
1805. Ulm, 4, 347, 10, 464, ". 557.
17, 293
1805. Caldiero, 9, 326
1805. Cape Finisterre or Bay of
Biscay, 8, 484. 9, 326, ". 556
1805. Trafalgar Bay, 8, 484, 9, 326,
10, 463, II, 557. *3. 406
1805. Vienna, 10, 464, 18, 367
1805. Austerlitz (called the Battle
of the Three Emperors), 4, 347, 8,
484, 9, 326, 10, 465, II, 557, 13.
267, 16, 251, 17, 294, 18, 367
1806. Auerstadt, 9, 328, 16, 251, 18,
372
1806. Jena, 8, 484, 9, 328, io, 470,
16, 251, 18, 372
1806. Berlin. 10, 470
1806. Pultusk, 9, 329
1807. Colberg, 18, 372
1807. Eylau, 9, 330, IO, 470, 15.
215. ". 373
1807. Dantzig (Danzig, Dantzic).
9. 330
1807. Gudstadt, 9, 331
1807. Spandcn, 9, 331
1807. Hilsburg, 9, 331
1807. Freidland, 9, 331, 10, 470, II,
559, 18, 373
1807. Babaeska, 14, 399
1808. Medina de Rio-Secco, 9, 333
1808. Baylen, 10, 477
1808. Vimeiro, 8, 486, 9, 333, 11,
562
1808. Cintra, 10, 477
1808-1809. Saragossa, 8, 489, 10,
477
1808. Gerona, io, 477
1808. Burgos, 9, 334
1808. Espinosa, 9, 334
1808. Ormais, 15, 216
1808. Lokalar, 15, 216
1808. Tudela, 9. 334
1809. Corunna, 8, 486, 9, 334, 11.
563
1809. Thann, 9, 335
1809. Abensberg, 9, 335. 17, 298
1809. Landshut, 17, 298
1809. Adigc, 10, 479
1809. Eckmiihl, 9, 335, 10, 479, 17,
298, 18, 376
1809. Ratisbon, 9, 335, 17, 298, 18,
376
1809. Ciudad-Real, 9, 337
1809. Madelin, 9, 337
1809. Oporto, 9, 337
1809. Piave, 9, 336
1809. Tarwitz, 9, 336
1809. Goritz, 9, 336
1809. Raab, 9, 336
1809. Bernburg, 18, 376
1809. Stralsund, 18, 376
1809. Vienna, 18, 377
1809. Essling (Esslingen), 9. 335,
io, 479, 17. 298, 18. 377
1809. Aspcrn. 9, 335. 10. 470, 17.
298, 18, 377
1809. Wagram, 9, 336, 10, 480, 17,
299. 8. 377
1809. Flushing, 9, 336
86
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Battles, cont.
1809. Talavera, 8, 486, 530, 9, 337,
"i 563
1809. Almonacid, 9, 337
1809. Ocana, 9, 337
1810. Granada, 9, 337
1810. Cadiz, 9, 337
1810. Busaco, 8, 486, 9, 338
1810. Torres Vedras, 9, 338
1810. Coimbra, 8, 530
1810. Aslanduz, 5, 359
1810. Guadeloupe, 20, 143
1810. Las Cruces, 22, 237
1810. Aculco, 22, 238
1810. Marfil, 22, 238
181 1. Badajoz, 9, 338
181 1. Fuentes d' Onora, 9, 339
1811. Calderon Bridge, 22, 239
181 1. Tippecanoe, 23, 416, 24, 525
1812. Vilna (Wilna), 9, 341, 15, 221
1812. Salamanca, 8, 486, 530, 9, 343,
II, 565
1812. Astrowno, 10, 485
1812. Mohilev, 10, 485
1812. Maiden, 23, 420
1812. Detroit, 20, 154, 23, 420
1812 (August). Krasnoe or
Smolensk, 9, 341, 10, 485, 15, 227
1812. Mozhaisk, 15, 227
1812. Borodino, 9, 341, 10, 485, 15,
225, 227, 1 8, 380
1812. Queenston, 20, 154, 23, 421
1812. Polotsk, 10, 485
1812. Maloyaroslavets, 15, 244
1812. Viazma, 15, 246
1812. Vop, 15, 248
1812. Yakubovo, 15, 250
1812 (November). Krasnoe, 15, 250
1812. Witepsk, 10, 485
1812. Niagara, 20, 154
1812. Beresina, 9, 342, 15, 253, 18,
380
1812. Cuautla de Amilpas, 22, 243
1813. Ogendsburg, 23, 421
1813. Mockern, 18, 382
1813. Liitzen, 9, 343, 10, 402, 13,
272, 15, 261, 18, 382
1813. Bautzen, 9, 343, 10, 488, 13,
272, 15, 261
1813. Fort Meigs, 23, 425
1813. Fort George, 23, 425
1813. Dresden, 9, 343, 10, 488, 15,
261
1813. Kulm, 9, 343, 10, 488, 18, 384
1813. Grosbeeren, 9, 343, 18, 383
1813. Vittoria, 8, 486, 488, 9, 344
1813. Katzbach, 9, 343, 18, 383
1813. St. Sabastian, 8, 531
1813. Nivelle, 8, 531
1813. Orthes, 8, 531
1813. Dennewitz, 9, 343, 18, 384
1813. Thames, 24, 525
1813. Leipsic (Leipzig or Leipzic),
called the Battle of the Nations,
4, 349, 8, 486, 9, 343, 10, 488, 11,
566, 13, 272, 524, 15, 261, 17, 308,
18, 384
813. Ragusa, 17, 309
813. Hanau, 9, 343, 10, 489, 17,
310, 18, 385
813. La Grita, 21, 61
813. Merida, 21, 61
813. Acapulco, 22, 244
814. Brienne, 9, 345
814. La Rothiere, 9, 345
814. Champ-Aubert, 9, 346, 10,
491
814. Montmirail, 9, 346, 15, 261
814. Chateau-Thierry, 9, 346, 10,
491
814. Vauchamps, 9, 346, 10, 491
814. Guignes, 9, 346
814. Mormont, 9, 346
814. Nangis, 9, 346, 15, 261
814. Villeneuve, 9, 346
814. Montereau, 9, 346, 10, 491,
18, 387
814. Arcis-sur-Aube, 9, 347
814. Orthez, 9, 348
814. Craonne (Craon), 10, 492,
15, 262
814. Laon, 9, 347, 15, 262
814. Fere Champenoise, 9, 348
814. Paris, 9, 348, 18, 387
814. Toulouse, 8, 486, 532, 9, 350
814. Chippewa, 23, 425
814. Lundy's Lane, 23, 426
814. Plattsburg, 20, 154, 23, 426
814. La Puerta, 21, 63
814. Uriqua, 21, 63
815. Rimini, 17, 314
815. Anco, 17, 314
815. Tolentino, 9, 362, 17, 314
815. Huningen, 13, 527
815. Ligny, 9, 362, 8, 487, 532, 10,
501, 11, 568, 13, 287, 18, 389
GENERAL INDEX
87
Battles, cont 1832.
1815. Quatre Bras, 8, 487. 532. 9 1832.
362, 11, 568, 13, 287, 18, 389 183a.
1815. Frasnes, 13, 287 1832.
1815. Waterloo, 4, 350, 8, 487, 532 1832.
9, 362, 10, 501, II, 508, 13, 288 1833.
17, 314, 18, 300, 23, 405 1833.
1815. Cartagena, 31, 64 1833.
1816. Puento, 21, 65 1835.
1817. Nagpur, 5, 209 1835.
1817. Mebidpur, 5. 209 1835.
1817. Chacabuco, 21, 72 1835.
1817. Soto la Marina, 22, 249 1835.
1817. Sombrero, 22, 250 1836.
1817. Remedios, 22, 250 1836.
1818. Maypo, 21, 72 1836.
1819 Sagamoso, 21, 68 1837.
1819 Boyaca, 21, 68 1837.
1820. Cepeda, 21, 71 413
1822. Pinchincha, 91, 73 1837.
1824. Junin, 21, 7i 1837.
1824- Agacucho (Ayacucho), 8, 1837.
519, 21, 73 1837.
1825. Tusmula, 21, 182 1837.
1825. Potosi, 21, 182 1S39
1826. Napoli di Romania, 2, 544 292
1826. Missoloughi, 14, 417 1839.
1827. Navarino, 2, 545, 9, 387, 11, 1839.
582, 14, 425. 13. 276, 17, 326 1S39.
1827. Bhartpur (.Bhartporc), 5, 212 1S40.
1827. Zizan, 3, 359 1840.
1827. Ganjeh, 5, 359 1841.
1827. Ituzaingo, 21, 121 1841.
1828. Braila, 14, 427. 3. 279 1841.
1828. Varna, 14, 427, 15, 280 1841.
1828. Kars, 15. 281 1842.
1828. Akhalzikh, 15. 281 1842.
1829. Pravadi, 15, 284 1842.
1829. Kulevtcho, 14, 428, 15, 285 1842.
1829. Baiburt, 15, 287 1842.
1829. Tarqui, 21, 193 1843.
1829. Larcay, 21, 216 1843.
1830. Antwerp, 13. 297 1843.
1830. Algiers, 14, 432 1843.
1831. Liestal, 13, 537 1843.
1831. Grochow, is. 294 1844.
1831. Ostrolenka, 15, 295 1844.
1831. Louvain, 13, 301 1845.
1831. Acre, 1, 38 1846.
1831. Newtonbarry, 12, 224 1846.
1832. Gelterkinden, 13, 537 1846.
1832. Ems, 14, 434 1846.
Beylan, 14, 434
Konieh, 9, 403, 434. 8, 290
Antwerp, 9, 403, 13, 302
Carrie kshock, 12, 224
Tolomi, 22, 271
Oporto, 8, 536
Prattcin, 13, 541
Jauja, 21, 195
Luchana, 8, 497
Bilbao, 8, 497
Valparaiso, 21, 217
Gonzales, 24, 532
Bejar, 24, 533
Constantinc, 9, 411
San Jacinto, 22, 281, 24, 534
Goliad, 24, 533
Constantinc, 9, 413
Fort Saint Jean d Ulloa, 9,
Herat, 5, 216, 361
St. Denis, 20, 156
St. Charles, 20, 156
St. Eustache, 20, 156
Napierville, 20, 156
Nezib, 9, 419, 14, 436, 15,
Gliazni, 5, 217
Nisibin, I, 38
Jungay, 21, 195
Beirut, 14, 437
Acre, 14, 437
Jalalabad, 5, 218
Amoy, 6, 138
Skandersborg, 16, 114
Ingavi, 21, 187
Chenhai, 6, 138
Chinkiang, 6, 140
Arroyo Grande, 21, 139
San Lucia, 21, 170
Agua Santa, 21, 197
Maharajpur, 5, 219
Panniar, 5, 219
Kerbela, 3, 361
Leogone, 22, 498
Pestal, 22, 498
I sly, 9, 423
Trientbach, 13, 549
Arequipa, 21, 199
Mudki, 5, 221
Ftrozshah. 5. 221
Aliwal, 5, 221
Sobraon, 3. 221
88
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Battles,
cont.
1853.
1846.
Palo Alto, 22, 289, 24, 547
1853.
1846.
Resaca de la Palma, 22,
290,
1854.
M,
547
1854.
1846.
Monterey, 22, 291, 24, 548
1854.
1846.
San Raphael, 22, 296
1854.
1846.
Mesa, 22, 300
15,
1846.
Bracito, 22, 304
1854.
1847.
San Gabrielle, 22, 300
1854.
1847.
Cafiado, 22, 305
15,
1847.
El Embudo, 22, 305
1854-1
1847.
Angostura, 22, 306
455,
1847.
Buena Vista, 22, 309, 24,
548
1855.
1847.
Sacramento, 22, 304
1855.
1847.
Vera Cruz, 22, 322, 24, 549
1856.
1847.
Cerro Gordo, 22, 325, 24,
549
1857.
1847.
Amozoque, 22, 327
1857.
1847.
San Antonio Abad, 22, 348
1857.
1847.
Churubusco, 22, 349, 24,
550
1857.
1847.
Contreras, 22, 345, 24, 550
1859.
1847.
Molino del Rey, 22, 363,
34,
1859.
550
1859.
1847.
Chapultepec, 22, 366, 24,
550
1859.
1847.
Puebla, 22, 372
1859.
1847.
Fribourg, 13, 352
385,
1847.
Gislikon, 13, 552
1859.
1847.
Lucerne, 13, 552
1859.
1847.
Peschiera, 4, 358
1859.
1848.
Miani, 5, 219
385,
1848.
Zanzan, 5, 362
1859.
1848.
Eckernforde, 18, 400
i860.
1848.
Vienna, 18, 401
i860.
1848.
Comorn, 18, 402
i860.
1848.
Santa Cruz de Rosales,
22
i860.
378
i860.
1849.
Chilianwala, 5, 226
1861.
1849.
Gujarat, 5, 226
1861.
1849.
Novara, 4, 359, *7, 373,
18
1861.
402
1861.
1849.
Rome, 4, 367, 9, 439
1861.
1849.
Ullerup, 16, 271
1861.
1849.
Dybbel, 16, 271
1861.
1849.
Fredericia, 16, 271
1861.
I849-
Schassburg, 15, 301
1861.
1849.
Komorn, 15, 302
755
1849.
Tur, 15, 302
1861.
1849.
Miskolcz, 15, 302
1862.
l8SO.
Isted, 16, 272
1862.
l850.
Midsunde, 16, 272
24,
l8SO.
Frederickstad, 16, 272
1862.
185 1.
Bahia Honda, 22, 450
1862.
l8S2.
Monte Caseros, 21, 127
1862.
1853.
Isakcha, 15, 305
1862.
Otenitza, 15, 307
Sinope, 11, 615, 15, 307
Citate, 15, 308
Silistria, II, 615
Bomarsund, 15, 309
Alma, 9, 446, 11, 615, 14, 455,
312
Balaklava, 9, 447
Inkerman, 9, 447, 11, 616,
316
855. Sebastopol, 9, 447, 14,
15, 3H
Eupatoria, 14, 458
Tchernaya, 9, 448, 15, 321
Bushiro, 5, 363
Caunpur, 5, 236
Delhi, 5, 237
Lucknow, 5, 237
Kush-ab, 5, 363
Fassineto, 4, 373
Montebello, 4, 373, 9, 450
Palestro, 4, 373, 9, 45 1
San Martino, 4, 373
Magenta, 4, 373, 9, 451, 17,
1 8, 405
Marignano, 4, 373
Melegnano, 9, 451
Solferino, 4, 373, 9, 451, 17,
18, 405
Cepeda, 21, 129
Palermo, 4, 378
Castelfidardo, 4, 382
Babahoyo, 21, in
Penuelos, 21, 219
Calpulalpano, 22, 383
Pabon, 21, 130
Fort Sumter, 24, 705
Philippi, 24, 732
Rich Mountain, 24, 733
Laurel Hill, 24, 733
Carrick's Ford, 24, 733
Bull Run, 24, 734
Wilson's Creek, 24, 739
Merrimac and Congress, 24,
Ball's Bluff, 24, 757
Fort Donelson, 24, 744
Shiloh or Pittsburg Landing,
747
Leesburg, 24, 757
Yorktown, 24, 758
Seven Pines, 24, 758
Mechanicsville, 24, 761
GENERAL INDEX
89
Battles, cont.
1866,
1862.
Gaines' Mills, 24, 761
1866.
1862.
Savage Station, 34, 761
1866.
1862.
Frazier's Farm, 34, 761
1866.
186a.
Seven Days, 34, 761
1866.
1862.
Culpeper Court House or
1866.
Cedar Run, 34, 763
390,
1862.
Groveton, 24, 763
41X
1862.
Bull Run, 34, 763
1867.
1862.
South Mountain, 24, 765
1867.
1862.
Antietam, 34, 765
1867.
1862.
Corinth, 24, 774
1868.
1862.
Perryville, 24, 773
1868.
1862.
Fredericksburg, 34, 769
1868.
1862.
Holly Springs, 34, 775
1868.
1862.
Keenshan (Quinsan), 6, 201
1868.
1862.
Soochow, 6, 204
1868.
1863.
Kagoshima, 7, 164
1869.
1863.
Cuaspud, 31, 88, 112
1870.
1863.
Pucbla, 33, 387
1870.
1863.
Chancellorsville, 34, 771
463,
1863.
Murfreesborough, 34. 774
1870.
1863.
Raymond, 34, 776
1870.
1863.
Champion Hill, 34, 777
1870.
1863.
Gettysburg, 34, 778
1870.
1863.
Vicksburg, 34, 777
1870.
1863.
Chickamauga, 34, 783
1870.
1863.
Lookout Mountain, 34, 785
464,
1863.
Knoxville, 34, 785
1870.
1864.
Ocversee, 18, 408
1870.
1864.
Diippel, 18, 408
1870.
1864.
Dybbel, 16. 274
1870.
1864.
The Wilderness, 34, 787
1870.
1864.
Yellow Tavern, 34, 788
1870.
1864.
Cold Harbor, 34, 789
1870.
1864.
Kenesaw, 34, 795
1870.
1864.
Monocacy, 34. 792
1870.
1864.
Peach Tree Creek, 34, 797
1870.
1864.
Petersburg, Va., 34, 791
187 1.
1864.
Mobile Bay, 34, 798
1871.
1864.
Winchester, or Opequan, 34,
1871.
792
1873.
1864.
Fisher's Hill, 34, 792
1875-
1864.
Cedar Creek or Run, 34, 793
1876.
1864.
Spring Hill, 34, 803
1876.
1864.
Franklin, 34, 803
1876.
1864.
Nashville, 34, 803
1876.
1865.
Fort Fisher, 34, 808
1876.
1865.
Five Forks, 34, 810
1876.
1866.
Curupayti, 31, 145
1876.
1866.
Villafranca, 4, 390
1877.
1866.
Custozza. 4. 390, 17, 392
1877.
1866.
Sissa, 17, 392
1877-
Nachod, 18, 411
Langensalza, 18, 410
Trautenaw, 18, 41 1
Skalitz, 18, 411
Gitchin, 18, 411
Koniggratz or Sadowa, 4,
9, 455, 16. 276, 17, 392, 18,
Monte Rotondo, 4, 392
Arequipa, 31, 209
Puebla, 33, 398
Toba, 7, 168
Fushimi, 7, 168
Nikko, 7, 170
Utsunomiya, 7, 170
Alcolea Bridge, 8, 508
V ill eta, 31, 159
Caraguatay, 31, 159
Aquidaban, 31, 160
Saarbriicken (Saarbriick), 9,
18, 421
Weissenburg, 18, 421
Woerth, 9, 464, 18, 421
Courcelles, 9, 464, 18, 421
Strasburg (Strassburg), 9, 464
Metz, 9, 464, 18, 422
Vionville or Mars-la-Tour, 9,
18, 421
Gravelotte, 9, 464, 18, 422
Beaumont, 9, 464, 18, 423
Bugancy, 9, 464
Stenay, 9, 464
Douzy, 9, 464
Sedan, 9, 464, 18, 423
Spicheren, 18, 421
Toul, 18, 424
Orleans, 18, 425
Beaune la Roland, 18, 425
Le Mans, 18, 425
Belfort, 18, 425
Paris, 9, 468, 18, 425
Abazuza, 8, 514
Lucar, 8, 515
Kumamota Castle, 7, 180
Enotake, 7, 181
Tawara-saka, 7, 180
Kagoshima, 7, 182
Shiroyama, 7, 182
Djunis, 14, 478, 17. 419
Tecoac, 33, 406
Plevna, 14, 482, 15. 334. 33&
Kizil-Tepc, 15. 335
Shipka Pass, 14, 481, 15, 334
90
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Battles, cont.
1877. Lovtcha, 14, 482
1877. Bayezid, 15, 35
1877. Ardahan, 15, 335
1877. Zevin, 15, 335
1877. Kars, 15, 335
1877. Gorni Dubinck, 15, 336
1878. Philippopolis, 14, 486
1878. Adrianople, 14, 486, 15, 336
1878. Gradac, 17, 423
1879. Maiwand, 5, 258
1879. Isandlana, 20, 229
1879. Calama, 21, 234
1879. Cape Agamos, 21, 235
1879. Dolores, 21, 235
1879. Tarapaca, 21, 236
1880. Kandahar, 5, 253
1880. Tacna, 21, 237
1880. Bronkhorst Spruit, 20, 230
1881. Geok Tepe, 5, 3&7
1881. Ingago, 20, 230
1881. Laing's Neck, 20, 230
1881. Majuba Hill, 11, 634, 20, 230
1882. Alexandria, 1, 40
1882. Tel-el-Kebir, 1, 40, 5, 259, 11,
634, 14, 497, 19, 267
1885. Khartoum, 1, 40, 11, 635
1885. Slivinitza, 14, 494, 10, 343
1890. Sego, 19, 151
1891. Valparaiso, 21, 239
1894. Phung-do Island, 6, 266, 7,
262
1894. Asan or Long-hwan, 6, 266,
7, 262
1894. Pingyang, 6, 266, 7, 265
1894. Chiulien-cheng, 7, 267
1894. Ta-tung-kau, 7, 268
1894. Ta-ku-shan, 7, 268
1894. Siu-yen, 7, 268
1894. Tomu-cheng, 7, 268
1894. Hai-cheng, 7, 268
1894. Kang-wa-seh, 7, 268
1894. Sai-Ma-tsi, 7, 268
1894. Kin-chow, 7, 268
1894. Ta-lien-wan, 7, 268
1894. Port Arthur, 7, 268
1894. Mo-tien-ling, 7, 269
1894. Wei-hai-Wei, 7, 270
1894. Yalu, 6, 268, 7, 309
1895. Chitral, 5, 278
1895. Niu-chwang, 7, 272
1896. Adowa, 4, 404, 20, 300
1896. Abba Garima, 19, 248
1898. Mantanzas, 24, 1028
1898. Manila Bay, 8, 520, 20, 315,
22, 458, 24, 1028
1898. Cabanas, 22, 459
1898. Guantanamo Bay, 22, 459
1898. Las Quasimas, 22, 459, 24,
1029
San Juan Hill, 22, 459, 24,
1029
1898. El Caney, 22, 459, 24, 1029
1898. Santiago de Cuba, 8, 520, 20,
329, 22, 460, 24, 1030
1898. Omdurman, 1, 40, 11, 638
1898. Atbara, 11, 638, 19, 272
1900. Peking, 6, 283, 301, 302, 7,
280, 11, 639
1900. Maf eking, 11, 641, 20, 233
1900. Kimberley, 11, 641, 20, 233
1900. Ladysmith, 11, 641, 20, 233
1900. Magersfontein, 11, 641
1900. Colenso, 11, 641
1900. Paardeberg, 11, 641, 20, 233
1904. Guru, 5, 298
1904. Karo-la, 5, 298
1904. Chemulpo, 7, 303, 15, 361
1904. Port Arthur, 7, 304, 306, 311
1904. Yellow Sea, 7, 309
1904. Feng-hwang-cheng, 7, 309
1904. Sai-ma-tsi, 7, 310
1904. Mo-tien-ling, 7, 310
1904. Chiao-tow, 7, 310
1904. Yu-shu-lin-tsu, 7, 310
1904. Yang-tsu-ling, 7, 310
1904. Pu-lan-tien, 7, 310
1904. Kinchow, 7, 310
1904. Nanshan Hills, 7, 310
1904. Telissu, 7, 310
1904. Huing-yo-cheng, 7, 310
1904. Kai-ping, 7, 310
1904. Taping-ling, 7, 310
1904. Tashi-chiao, 7, 310
1904. Tomu-cheng, 7, 310
1904. Siu-yen, 7, 310
1904. Feng-shui (Wafangao Pass),
7, 310
1904. Anshan-chan, 7, 310
1904. Liaoyang, 6, 314, 7, 310, 15,
362
1904. Bentsiaputse, 7, 311
1904. Sha River, 7, 311
1905. Hokau-tai, 7, 312
1905. Moukden, 6, 314, 7, 312, 15.
363
1905. Tie-ling, 7, 313
1905. Japan Sea, 7, 316, 15, 364
(. I.NERAL INDEX
91
Baturin, Russia: siege of (1708), 15.
50; given to Menshikov, <>
Baudin des Ardennes, Charles (1784-
1854), a French naval officer: his
expedition against Mexico, 9, 413,
as, 274
Bauer. General (ca. 1770), a Russian
general: at the battle of the Kagul,
13. 177
Bauer, Sten (ca. 1590). a Swedish
councilor: punishment of, 16, 166
Baum, Priedrich (d. 1777), a Hessian
colonel: defeated at Bennington, 23,
253
Baumgartner, Jakob (1797- 1869), a
Swiss historian: demands revision
of constitution, 13, 536
Bautzin, Saxony: battle of (1813), 9,
343, 10, 488, 13, 272, 13. 261
Bavaria, Germany: erected into a
kingdom, 10, 466; settled by the
Vandals, 17, 14; united to Austria,
91; incorporated with Frankish king-
dom, 18, 83; under Henry the Lion,
144; given to Otto of Wittelsbach,
153; champion of the Popes, 261;
recognized as a kingdom, 367; be-
comes part of the empire, 437
Bavaria, Duke of (ca. 1622), comman-
der of imperial army: crushes re-
bellions of the Count of Mansfeld
and Christian of Brunswick, 13, 204
Baxar, India: battle of (1764), 5, 126,
128, 135, 187
Baxter, Elisha (19th century), Amer-
ican politician: governor of Ar-
kansas (1875), 24, 872, note
Baxter, Richard (1615-1691), an Eng-
lish non-conformist: imprisoned, 1 1,
421
Bay of Biscay, Spain: battle of (1805),
11. 556
Bay Psalm Book, first book printed
in America: printed 1640, 23, 143
Bay State, Old: see Massachusetts
Bayard, James Asheton (1767-1815),
an American statesman: appointed
peace commissioner, 23. 429
Bayard, Pierre du Terrail, Chevalier
de (ca. 1475-1524), a French nation-
al hero: his campaign in Italy. 9,
136; saves Mezieres, 138
Bayard, Thomas Francis (1828-1898),
an American statesman: in congress
(1869), 24, 861: member of the
electoral commission, 913 note; his
influence over Democrats, 914:
Secretary of State, 950 note: in
Samoan dispute, 977; first Ameri-
can ambassador, 979
Bayard-Chamberlain Treaty, a treaty
which decided the fishery arrange-
ments between England and the
United States (1887). 24, 961
Bayeux Tapestry, a piece of French
tapestry embroidered with scenes
of the Norman Conquest: descrip-
tions of, 11, 67, 13. 25
Bayezid, Asiatic Turkey: taken by the
Russians (1828), 15, 282; (1877),
335
Bayezid (Bajazet) I (1347-1403), Sul-
tan of Turkey, 1380-1403: account
of, 14, 31: at the battle of Kosovo,
35; accession of, 36; crosses the
Balkan, 9, 109, 14, 62; assumes title
of Sultan, 14, 38: attacks Egypt, 1,
36; defeated by Timur, 5. 338; death
of, 14, 50; his tomb desecrated by
Mohammed I of Turkey, 55
Bayezid (Bajazet) II (1447-1512), Sul-
tan of Turkey, 1481-1512: accession
of, 17, 164: reign of 14, 107; de-
feats Hungarians, 17, 167; death of.
14. "7
Bayezid Pasha (early 15th century),
Turkish general: account of, 14, 56,
58
Baylen (Bailen), a town in Spain:
battle of (1808), io, 477
Bayley, Sir Stewart Colvin (1836-
1890), lieutenant-governor of India
1882-1887: sketch of. 5, 262
Bayley, William Butter worth (1782-
1860) acting governor-general of
India. 5. 212
Bayol, Dr. (ca. 1880). a French ex-
plorer in Africa: concludes treaty
with the Almamy of Futa Jallon.
19. 150
Bayou State, The: sec Mississippi
Bayrcuth, Margravine of (h. 1709).
her description of Catherine, 13. 68
Bazaine, Francois Achille ( 181 1-1888).
92
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
a French marshal: his campaign in
Mexico, 9, 453; in the Franco-Prus-
sian war, 9, 463, 18, 421
Beachy Head, France: battle of (1689),
ii, 438
Beaconsfield, Lord: see Disraeli, Ben-
jamin
Bear State, The: see Arkansas
Beast of Ansonia, The Ferocious: see
Caracalla, Roman emperor
Beaton, David (1494-1546), a Scotch
prelate: murder of, 12, 307
Beaton, James (d. 1539), Archbishop
of St. Andrews: leads French party
in Scotland, 12, 302
Beatrix (ca. 1150), Princess of Bur-
gundy: wife of Frederick Barba-
rossa, 18, 149
Beatrix (ca. 1050), Countess of Tus-
cany: marries Godfrey of Lorraine,
18, 130
Beatrix de Guzman (ca. 1250), a Cas-
tilian princess: marries Alfonso III
of Portugal, 8, 281
Beatrix of Portugal (ca. 1385): mar-
ries Juan I of Castile, 8, 173, 291;
proclaimed queen of Portugal, 295
Beauchesne-Gouin (18th century), a
French explorer in South America:
explorations of, 31, 34
Beaufort, Due de: see Vendome, Fran-
cois de
Beaufort, Henry (d. 1447), Bishop of
Winchester: feud with Duke of
Gloucester, XI, 202; becomes car-
dinal, 202; advocates peace with
France, 205; death, 207
Beaufort, John, Duke of Somerset (ca.
1443), English soldier: succeeds to
the command in France, 11, 206;
death, 207
Beauharnais, Alexandre (d. 1793), a
French general: death of, 9, 287,
10, 279
Beauharnais, Eugene de (1781-1824),
French soldier and statesman: made
viceroy of Italy, 9, 324, xo, 462, 18,
371; his campaign against Russia,
15, 226; his campaign in Italy, 17,
299; defeated in Italy, 311; cam-
paigns of, 18, 376, 382
Beauharnais, Stephanie de (ca. 1800):
marriage of, 18, 371
Beaulieu, Jean Pierre, Baron de
(1725-1819), an Austrian general:
his campaign against Napoleon, 9,
298; made minister of finance, 10,
176
Beaumarchais, Eustace de (1278):
governor of Navarre, 8, 207
Beaumarchais, Pierre Augustin Caron
de (1732-1799), a French writer:
aids Americans, 23, 265; death, 266
Beaumont, France: battle of (1870), 9,
414, 18, 423
Beaumont, Christophe de (ca. 1750),
Archbishop of Paris: intolerance of,
9, 241
Beaune la Roland, France: battle of
(1870), 18, 425
Beaupreau, France: battle of (i793),
10, 249
Beauregard, Pierre Gustave Toutant,
an American general: born near
New Orleans, May 28, 1818; gradu-
ated from West Point, 1838, and
appointed lieutenant of engineers;
served with distinction in the Mex-
ican War; made captain of engi-
neers, 1853; was in charge of the
defenses of New Orleans, 1853-
1860; appointed superintendent of
the Academy at West Point, No-
vember, i860, but resigned February
20, 1861, and was brigadier-general
in the Confederate army; directed
the operations against Fort Sumter,
1861; won the battle of Bull Run,
1861, for which he was made gen-
eral; was at the battle of Shiloh,
1861; defended Corinth, April 7 to
May 20, 1862; commanded the de-
fense of the Southern coast against
Admiral Dupont's attack, April 7,
1863; commanded in Virginia, 1864;
opposed Sherman's march to the
sea, 1864; surrendered with John-
ston, 1865; president of the New
Orleans and Jackson Railroad,
1865-1870; offered the chief com-
mand of the Roumanian army, 1866,
and of the army of the Khedive
of Egypt, 1869, both of which he
declined; became adjutant-general
of Louisiana, 1878; died in New
Orleans, February 20, 1893
GENERAL INDEX
In the Mexican War, 22, 326; at
bombardment of Fort Sumter, 24,
710; issues proclamation to Vir-
ginians, 731; at battle of Bull Run,
734; advises against attack on
Washington, 736; at battle of Pitts-
burg Landing, 747; fails to follow
up victory at Pittsburg Landing,
748; succeeded by Bragg, 774
Beauvais, France: siege of (1472), 13,
45
Beauvais (d. 1793), a Girondist dep-
uty: death of, 10, 279
Bebel, Ferdinand August (1840 ),
a German socialist: his work among
the Austrian Socialists, 17, 438;
supports Fejervary, 17, 446; leads
the Social Democrats, 18, 438
Beccaria (ca. 1550), a Swiss preacher:
preaches in Locarno, 13, 456
Beccariai Cesar e Bonesano, Marquis
of (18th century), an Italian author:
sketch of, 4, 339
Bechuanaland Protectorate, Africa:
sketch of, 19, 214, 20, 259
Beck, James Burnie, a Kentucky sen-
ator: elected senator, 24, 916
Becker (d. 1843), editor of Vienna
" Radical": death of, 17, 376
Becket: see Thomas a Becket
Beda, Abbot of St. Gall (673-735 A.
D.), the first English historian:
sketch of, 13, 506
Bedeau, Marie Alphonse (ca. 1850),
a republican general of France: ar-
rest of, 9, 441
Beder, Arabia: battle of, 1, 226
Bedford, England: battle of (571 A.
D.), II, 24
Bedford (ca. 1787), member of Con-
stitutional Convention from Dela-
ware, 23, 326
Bedford, Dukes of: see Russell
Bedford, John, Duke of (1389-1435):
regent of France, 9, 113; career of,
II, 201
Bedmar, Marquis of (1572-1655), a
Spanish diplomat: conspires against
Venice, 4, 315
Bedocdard, Sultan of Egypt 1261: his
conquests in Palestine, 9, 84
Bedoya, Diaz de (ca. 1870), member
of provisional government of Par-
aguay, 21, 159
Bedriacum, Italy: first battle of (69
A. D.), 4, 71; second battle of (69
A. D.), 72
Bee, Bernard E. (1823-1861), a Con-
federate general: at battle of Bull
Run, 24, 735
Beecher, Henry Ward, an American
divine and author: born at Litch-
field, Conn., June 24, 1813; gradu-
ated from Amherst College, 1834;
studied theology under his father's
direction at Lane Seminary; was
pastor at Lawrenceberg, Del., 1837-
1839; at Indianapolis, Ind., 1839-
1847; and of the Plymouth Congre-
gational Church in Brooklyn, N. Y.,
1847-1887; editor of the " Independ-
ent," 1 861-1863; delivered addresses
in Great Britain on Civil War top-
ics, 1863; founded the " Christian
Union" and was its editor, 1870-
1881; died in Brooklyn, N. Y.,
March 8, 1887
Member of American Anti-Slav-
ery Society, 24, 574; opposes Lin-
coln, 709; opposes election of
Blaine (1884), 946
Behar, British India: conquered by
Bakhtiyar Khilji (1190), 5, 95
Behring Sea, North America: seal
fisheries dispute, 24, 979; British
vessels seized in, 980; Russian seiz-
ure of American vessels, 1055;
terms of settlement of dispute, 981
Beirut, Turkey: siege of, 14, 437
Bejar, Spain: founded, 22, 189; battle
of (1835), 24, 533
Bekovich, Prince (d. 1717), a Russian
general: sketch of, 15, 77
Bela I (d. 1063), King of Hungary,
1061-1063: career of, 17, 50
Bela (II) the Blind, King of Hun-
gary, 1131-1141: reign of, 17, 53
Bela III, King of Hungary, 1174-
1196: reign of, 17, 54
Bela IV, King of Hungary, 1235-
1270: reign of, 17, 57
Bel-bani (Bel-kapkapu), King of As-
syria, ca. 1300 B. C: founds king-
dom, 1, 78
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Belcredi, Richard, Count von (1823-
), an Austrian politician: made
premier, 17, 389
Beldenak, Jens, Bishop of Odense (ca.
1520), Scandinavian divine: pro-
vokes the blood bath of Stockholm,
16, 149; at Brunnbak, 153
Belfort, France: siege of (1871), 18,
425
Belgae, Celtic tribe of Northern Gaul:
league of, 3, 298; at war with
Romans, 3, 302, 13, 5; revolt of, 9,
8; invade Britain, II, 6
Belgian Katanga Company, in Africa:
formed (1890), 19, 240
Belgium, called the Cockpit of Eu-
rope, History of: see Holland and
Belgium, History of
Belgrade, called The White City, cap-
ital of Servia: destroyed by the
Venetians and Turks, 17, 54; sieges
of (1440), 157; (1456), 14, 82, 17,
160; (1521), 14, 147; (1688), 14, 256,
17, 231, 18, 304; (1691), 14, 260;
(1717), 14, 289, 17, 235, 18, 320;
(1739), 15, 123; (1789), I7 271, 18,
351
Belgrade, Peace of, concluded be-
tween Turkey, Austria and Russia
(1739), 14, 315, 374, 15, 124, 17,
192, 235
Belgrano, Manuel (ca. 1800), Brazil-
ian rebel: leads revolutionary move-
ment, 21, 57
Belisarius (505-565 A. D.), general of
the Byzantine Empire: conquest
of Italy, 2, 532, 4, 159; his cam-
paigns against Totila, 4, 161; his
campaigns against the Persians, 5,
319; captures the Balearic Isles, 8,
3; career of, 18, 49
Belknap, William Worth (1829-1890),
American politician and general:
impeached, 24, 895
Bell, The Dinner: see Burke, Ed-
mund
Bell, King, sovereign in Guinea
(1884): negotiates for European
protection, 19, in
Bell, Henry (1767-1830), Scottish engi
neer and mechanic: makes first
English steamboat, 11, 590
Bell, John (1797-1869), American
statesman: opposes Kansas-Ne-
braska Bill, 24, 637; nominated for
President by Constitutional Union
Party, 680; joins secessionists, 719
Bellanaboy: see Yellow Ford
Belle-Isle, in the bay of Biscay: bat-
tles of (1747), 9, 240; (1795), 294
Belleisle, Charles Louis Auguste Fou-
quet, Duke of (1684-1761), French
marshal and politician: in the War
of the Austrian Succession, 9, 240;
plans division of the Austrian state,
17, 239
Bellevue, Germany: surrender at, 18,
424
Bellingshausen, Russian Antarctic ex-
plorer, 1819-1821: explorations of,
16, 333
Bellinzona (Bellenz), Switzerland:
siege of (1478), 13, 414
Bellomont, Earl of, Governor of New
York, 1698-1701: administration of,
23, 106; extent of his power, 116
Bellovaci, tribe of the Belgian Gauls:
Caesar's campaign against, 3, 308
Bellows, Henry Whitney (1814-1882),
American Unitarian divine: presi-
dent of the Sanitary Commission,
24, 825
Bell-the-Cat: see Angus, Archibald
Douglas, Earl of
Belluno, Claude Perrin Victor, Duke
of (1764-1841), French marshal:
made minister of war, 9, 378
Belshazzar: see Nabonidos
Belshazzar's Feast, in American poli-
tics (1884), 24, 947
Belton, Mexican general (1847): in
the Mexican War, 22, 348
Belzu, Manuel Isidoro, Bolivian revo-
lutionist: president of Bolivia (1848-
1855), 21, 188; death of, 190
Bern, Joseph (1795-1850), Polish gen-
eral: in the Hungarian insurrection,
15, 301, 17, 371, 18, 401; escapes to
Turkey, 15, 303, 17, 372; death of,
17, 373
Bembo, Cardinal Pietro (1470-1547),
Italian cardinal: labors for restora-
tion of letters, 4, 299
Bemis Heights, New York: battle of
(1777), 23, 255
Bemohi, king of the Jalofs, Africa
GENERAL INDEX
95
(1480): forms alliance with Joam II
of Portugal, 8, 323
Benavides, Manuel (ca. 1530), Spanish
courtier: nominated as viceroy of
New Spain, 22, 106
Benbow, John (1650-1702), English
admiral: his campaign against the
French, 13, 250
Benburb, Ireland: battle of (1646), 12,
121
Benczur (19th century), Hungarian
painter: sketch of, 17, 416
Bend State, The Big: see Tennessee
Bender, Russia: siege of (1770), 14,
329; Charles XII of Sweden at, 15,
54, 58; taken by the Russians (1789),
185
Bender, Baron Blasius von (1713-
1798), Austrian general: his cam-
paign in Belgium, 13, 262
Bendin, Father (ca. 1650), Jesuit
priest: his work among the Indians,
22, 168
Benedek, Ludwig von (1804-1881),
Austrian general: his campaign in
Cracow, 17, 347; at the battle of
Sadowa, 17, 392, 18, 410
Benedetti, Count Vincent (1817-1900),
French diplomat: ambassador to
Berlin, 9, 462; negotiations of, 18,
416
Benedict VIII (d. 1024), Pope, 1012-
1024: implores assistance of Henry
II, 18, 122
Benedict IX, Pope, 1034-1044, called
the Boy Pope: his relations with the
Emperor Vacslav, 17, 118; bans
Archbishop Heribert of Milan, 18,
127
Benedict XII, Pope, 1334-1342: his re-
lations with Lewis of Bavaria, 18,
189
Benedict XIII, anti-Pope, 1394-1424:
struggle with Boniface IX, 9, 109;
at Avignon, 198; deposed, 201; in
Spain, 204
Benedict (ca. 1090), Scandinavian
chief: death of, 16, 73
Benedict of Nursia (480-543 A. D.),
Italian ecclesiast: organizes the
Benedictine Rule, II, 29
Benedictines, Order of, a religious or-
der: founded (529) in Campania, 11,
29; increase of wealth and influence,
91; in Switzerland, 13, 355
Beneski, Charles de (ca. 1800), Polish
spy: visits Mexico, 22, 258
Beneventum or Benevento, Italy:
Pyrrhus defeated at, 2, 516, 3, 80;
battles of (275 B. C), 3, 80; (1266),
18, 169
Benezet, Anthony (1713-1784), Fran-
co-American philanthropist: arouses
Quakers against slavery, 23, 130
Bengal, British India: separated from
Madras, 5, 165
Bengal Company of Embden: organ-
ized (ca. 1750), 5, 174
Bengal Rent Act (1885), regulating
rights of tenants against Bengal
landlords, 5, 260
Bengal Tenancy Acts, securing land
rights of peasantry of Bengal:
(1859), 244; (1885), 244
Bengtsson, Jons (141 7-1467), Arch-
bishop of Upsala: rebellion of, 16,
133
Beni Kainoka, Jewish tribe in Arabia:
defeated by Mohammed, 1, 228
Beni Nadir, Jewish tribe in Arabia:
at war with Mohammed, 1, 229
Benjamin, Judah Philip (1811-1884),
American politician: Confederate
Attorney-General, 24, 694
Benkendorf, Count Alexander (1782-
1844), Russian general and diplo-
mat: in Moscow, 15, 242; his cam-
paign against Persia, 283
Bennet, Henry, Earl of Arlington: see
Arlington, Henry Bennet, Earl of
Bennigsen, Rudolf von (1824 ),
German statesman: leads the Na-
tional Liberals, 18, 446 note
Benningsen (Bennigsen), Count Levin
August Theophile (1745-1826), Rus-
sian commander: implicated in the
assassination of Paul, 15, 209; his
campaign against Napoleon, 9, 329,
15, 228; his efforts to save Moscow,
15, 241; before Napoleon, 246
Bennington, Vermont: battle of
(1777), 23, 253
Bent, Charles, New Mexican governor
(1847): death of, 22, 305
96
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Bentham, Jeremy (i 748-1 832), Eng-
lish jurist and philosopher: sketch
of, 11, 578
Bentinck, General (ca. 1850), English
soldier: in the Crimean War, 15,
3ii
Bentinck, Lord George (1802-1848),
English political leader: defeats
Peel ministry, 11, 606
Bentinck, Lord William Cavendish
(1774-1839), English soldier and
diplomat: removed from governor-
ship of Madras, 5, 204; governor-
general of India, 212; impeached,
II, 450; becomes Prime Minister,
525; second ministry of, 559; death
of, 563
Benton, Thomas Hart, an American
statesman: born near Hillsborough,
N. C, March 14, 1782; moved to
Tennessee, where he studied law
and began to practice in Nashville
about 1810; served as a colonel un-
der General Jackson in the War of
1812; became a resident of St. Louis,
Mo., 1815; a member of United
States Senate, 1820-1851; a Member
of the House of Representatives,
1853-1855; died in Washington, D.
C, April 10, 1858
Quoted on J. Q. Adams's adminis-
tration, 23, 466; opposed to Panama
Congress, 469; attacks United States
Bank, 502; quoted on the distribu-
tion of public moneys, 505; quoted
on settlement of Northwest Bound-
ary Dispute, 24, 544; opposes Mex-
ican War, 554; altercation with
Senator Foote, 608; votes against
Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 637
Bentsiaputse, Japan: captured by the
Russians, 7, 311
Benyovski (Benyowsky, Beniowski),
Count Mauric August (1741-1786),
Hungarian nobleman and adven-
turer: attempts to establish French
influence in Madagascar, 19, 212
Beorhtic (ca. 750 A. D.), Saxon chief:
his contest with Ecgberht for West
Saxon crown, 11, 40
Bera, Count of Barcelona, ca. 801 A.
D.: reign of, 8, 219
Berangaria, Queen of Denmark, ca.
1200, wife of Valdemar: the jew-
els of, 16, 88; sketch of, 90
Berbera, eastern Africa: held by Eng-
land, 19, 85
Berbers, race of people of Hamitic
family, scattered over North Africa
and the Sahara, 18, 49
Berbice, British Guiana: taken by the
English, 20, 143
Berchthold (II) of Zaringen, Duke of
Suabia, ca. 1050: made duke, 13,
347
Berchthold IV, Duke of Suabia, ca.
1 177: reign of, 13, 349
Berchthold V, Duke of Suabia, ca.
1 190: reign of, 13, 349
Berebistas, King of the Dacians, 40-20
B. C: sketch of, 17, 12
Berednikov (ca. 1750), Russian gov-
ernor: Mirovish surrenders to, 15,
163
Berengaria (d. 1244), Queen of Cas-
tile: marries Alfonso IX of Leon,
8, 148; regent of Castile, 149
Berengaria of Navarre (d. 1230) : mar-
ries Richard I of England, 8, 203
Berengario I (d. 1035), Count of
Barcelona: reign of, 8, 226
Berengario (ca. 1100), brother of Ray-
mundo III of Barcelona: attempts
to gain the fief of Barcelona, 8,
226
Berenger I, King of Italy, 888-924 A.
D.: reign of, 4, 180, 18, 98, 99
Berenger (Berengar) II, King of
Italy, 950-961 A. D.: reign of, 4,
181; demands hand of Adelheid, 18,
111; banished, 114
Berenger (ca. 1760), French minister
to Russia: takes charge of embassy,
15, 158
Beresford, John (1773-1862), Primate
of Ireland: retired, 12, 203
Beresina, Russia: battle of the (1812),
9, 342, 15, 253, 18, 380
Berezowski (ca. 1850), a Polish fa-
natic: his attempt to assassinate the
tsar, 15, 339
Berg, Count of (ca. 1630), German
commander: his campaign in the
Netherlands, 13, 210
GENERAL INDEX
97
Berg, Christian Paulsen (1829-1891),
Danish statesman: leads the liber-
als, 16, 289
Berg, Count Friedrich Wilhelm Rem-
bert (ca. 1850), Russian noble:
made dictator in Poland, 15, 329
Bergen, Norway: captured by the
Hansers, 16, 127
Bergen, Prussia: battles of (1759). 9>
245; (1799), 10, 407
Bergen, Marquis of (ca. 1550), Dutch
noble: his mission to Madrid, 13,
90, 93; flees to Germany, 103
Bergen-op-Zoom, Netherlands: battles
of (1573), 13, 116; (1622), 204;
(1709), 267
Bergerac, Peace of (1577), a treaty
between the Huguenots and Cath-
olics, 9, 160
Bergh, Count van den (ca. 1580),
brother of William I of Orange:
joins the Spanish, 13, 141
Berghama (Pergamus), Turkey: an-
nexed by Orkhan, 14, 23
Berghem, France: battle of (i799), 9
310
Bering, Vitus (1680-1741), a Danish
navigator in the Russian service:
commissioned by Peter, 15, 82; his
second expedition, 114; explorations
of, 16, 305; see also Behring Sea
Berislavl: see Kizi-Kermen
Berkeley, Ernest (ca. 1890), an Eng-
lishman in African service: becomes
administrator of British East
Africa, 19, 204
Berkeley, Sir John (1663-1697), an
English naval officer: made Carolina
proprietor, 23, 73; proprietor of
New Jersey, 108; sells interest to
Quakers, 109
Berkeley, Sir William (d. 1677): gov-
ernor of Virginia, 23, 63; Charles I
restores, 64; Charles II recalls, 66;
opposed to printing presses, 43
Berkuk (ca. 1382), first of Circassian
Mamelukes in Egypt, 14, 128
Berlin, Germany: siege of (1760), 15,
149, 18, 341; Napoleon in (1806), 10,
470, 18, 373; rising in (1848), 18,
398; Samoan commission meets at,
24, 977
Berlin, Congress of, a congress con-
sisting of representatives of the
German Empire, Austria, France,
England, Italy, Russia and Turkey
(1878), 14, 487, 17, 420
Berlin, Treaties of: a treaty between
Maria Theresa and Frederick II of
Prussia (1742), 17, 241; a treaty be-
tween the German Empire, Aus-
tria, France, England, Italy, Russia
and Turkey (1878), 5, 256, XI, 632,
14, 488, 491, 498, 15, 338, 17, 421
Berlin, University of: founded (1810),
10, 487
Berlin Conference, The, a conference
of European powers and the United
States to settle questions of parti-
tions in Africa (1884-1885), 13, 311,
19, 78, 114
Berlin Decrees, The, decrees issued
by Napoleon I to prohibit com-
merce with Great Britain (1806), 8,
484, 9, 329, 10, 473, 11, 560, 13,
268, 15, 216, 20, 142, 23, 407
Bermudas, The (The Gibraltar of the
West Indies), a group of islands in
the North Atlantic Ocean: history
of, 20, 249
Bermudez, Gonzalo (ca. 980 A. D.),
Spanish rebel: encourages Mo-
hammedan invasion, 8, 138
Bermudez, Morales (1836-1894),
President of Peru, 1890: his admin-
istration as president of Peru, 21,
242
Bermudez, Pedro Pablo (1 798-1852), a
Peruvian general: candidate for
presidential honors, 21, 194
Bermudo (Veremundo) I, King of As-
turias and Leon, 788-791 A. D. :
reign of, 8, 132; at war with Ferdi-
nand of Castile, 200
Bermudo (Veremundo) II, King of
Asturias and Leon, 982-999: reign
of, 8, 137
Bermudo (Veremundo) III, King of
Asturias and Leon, 1028-1037: reign
of, 8, 139
Bernadotte, Jean Baptiste Jules: see
Charles XIV, King of Sweden
Bernard, King of Italy, ca. 812-ca.
818: accession of, 9, 44; reign of, 4,
177; conspiracy of, 18, 90; death of,
9, 47
98
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Bernard, King of Lombardy: see
Bernard, King of Italy
Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac: see
Armagnac, Bernard VII, Count of
Bernard (Bernhard) (1604-1639),
Duke of Saxe-Weimar, a comman-
der in the Thirty Years' War: joins
Gustavus Adolphus, 18, 281; his
campaigns in the Thirty Years'
War, 9, 190; succeeds to command
of army, 13, 215, 18, 284; his alli-
ance with Louis XIII of France,
289; death of, 290
Bernard, Saint (1091-1153), Abbot of
Clairvaux, a French ecclesiastic:
preaches the Second Crusade, 9, 73,
18, 145
Bernard (early 19th century), a
French soldier: conspiracy of, 9,
375
Bernard, Atto (early 12th century),
Viscount de Beziers: usurps the fief
of Carcassonne, 8, 227
Bernard, Sir Charles Edward (1837-
1901), an English civil service offi-
cial: sketch of, 5, 264; made chief
commissioner in Burma, 266
Bernard, Martin (b. 1808), a French
radical politician: leader of the So-
ciety of the Seasons, 9, 417
Bernard, Montague (1820-1882), an
English lawyer: in Joint High Com-
mission, 24, 883
Bernard, Simon (19th century), a
French conspirator: trial of, 9, 450
Bernardo, Count of Barcelona (ca.
820) : reign of, 8, 220
Bernburg, Germany: siege of (1809),
18, 376
Berne, Switzerland: sieges of (1288),
13, 361; (i53S), 447; at war with
French, 510; Diet of (1847), 551
Bernhard, Duke of Weimar (1604-
1639), a German general: his cam-
paign in Switzerland, 13, 464; at the
battle of Liitzen, 16, 184; power of,
18, 130
Bernicia, England: founding of, II,
25
Bernini, Giovanni Lorenzo (1598-
1680), an Italian architect, sculptor
and painter: work of, 4, 411
Bernoulli, Daniel (1700-1782), a noted
mathematician and physicist: sketch
of, 13, 482
Bernoulli, Jacob (1654-1705), a pro-
fessor of mathematics in the Uni-
versity of Basel: sketch of, 13, 482;
services of, 15, 195
Bernoulli, Johann (1667-1748), a Swiss
mathematician and physicist: sketch
of, 13, 482; services of, 15, 195
Bernstorf, Count Andreas Peter
(1735-1797), a Danish statesman:
recall of, 16, 254
Bernstorf, Count Christian Gunther
(1769-1835), a Danish statesman:
negotiates the Peace of Vienna, 16,
275
Bernstorff, Count Johan Hartwig
Ernst von (1712-1772), a Danish
statesman: diplomacy of, 15, 207;
exile of, 16, 241
Berosos (ca. 300 B. C), Babylonian
priest and historian: source of
Babylonian and Assyrian history, 1,
69
Berro, Bernardo Prudencio (1800-
1868), Uruguayan politician and
journalist: elected president of Uru-
guay, 21, 141
Berry, Charles of France, Duke of
(1446-1477): at head of the League
of the Public Good, 9, 122; death of,
124
Berry, Charles Ferdinand, Duke of
(1778-1820): assassination of, 9, 372
Berry, Jean of France, Duke of (1340-
1416): claims regency for Charles
VI of France, 9, 106; dismissed
from government of Languedoc, 108
Berryer, Pierre Antoine (1790-1868),
French advocate and political ora-
tor: enters parliamentary life, 9,
389; arrest of, 441
Berserkers, Scandinavian warriors :
legend of the, 16, 18
Berszenyi, Daniel (1776-1836), Hun-
garian poet: aids Hungarian lan-
guage, 17, 333
Bertha, Queen of Burgundy (ca. 900
A. D.) : sketch of, 13, 344
Bertha, Queen of Kent (ca. 560 A.
D.): marries ^Ethelberht, 11, 27
GENERAL INDEX
99
Bertha, widow of Eudes I of Bois
(ca. 900 A. D.) : marries Robert II
of France, 9, 67
Bertha, wife of Henry IV (ca. 1060) :
sketch of, 18, 132
Bertha, daughter of Count Florent of
Holland (ca. 1100): marries Philip
I of France, 9, 71
Berthair, mayor of the palace (ca.
700 A. D.) : reign of, 9, 35
Berthelier, Philibert (1470-15 19), Ge-
nevan leader: sketch of, 13, 447
Berthier (ca. 1780), French official:
death of, 10, 73
Berthier, Alexandre (1753-1815), mar-
shal of French Empire: his cam-
paign in Italy, 9, 307; made marshal
of the empire, 322; invested with the
principality of Neufchatel, 10, 468;
at the Beresina, 15, 253
Berthold (1442-1504), Archbishop of
Mayence: at Diet of Worms, 18,
226
Berthold (ca. 900 A. D.), Count of
Suabia: at the battle of the Inn, 18,
104
Bertie, Robert, Earl of Lindsey (1572-
"1642), English admiral: his expedi-
tion to Rochelle, II, 325
Bertola (ca. 1700), Italian engineer:
at siege of Turin (1704), 4, 328
Berton, Jean Baptiste (1 769-1 822),
French general of brigade: insti-
gates a Bonapartist plot, 9, 378
Bertrade: see Bertha
Bertram de la Cueva (ca. 1500), Span-
ish general: his campaign against
the French, 8, 349
Berwick, England: captured by the
English (1294), 12, 274; sieges of
(1314), 282; (1333), II, 157, 12, 285
Berwick, James Fitzjames, Duke of
(1670-1734), English soldier: com-
mands French army in Spain, 8,
393; invades Spain, 8, 406, 9, 223,
231; his campaign in Germany, 9,
235_
Berwick, Treaty of (1638), concluded
between England and Scotland, II,
336, 12, 338
Berzelius, Johan Jacob, Baron (1779-
1848), Swedish chemist: sketch of,
16, 264
Besborodko, Count Alexander (1742-
I 799). Russian statesman: negoti-
ates the Treaty of Jassy, 15, 187
Besner, Baron de (ca. 1750), French
statesman: attempts to found col-
ony in Guiana, 20, 121
Bessarabia, southwestern Russia: an-
nexed to Russia, 17, 306
Bessenyi, George (d. 1810), Hunga-
rian poet: serves in the guard of
Maria Theresa, 17, 273
Bessieres, Jean Baptiste (1768-1813),
French marshal: made marshal of
the empire, 9, 322
Bessos (ca. 300 B. C), satrap of Bac-
triana: murders Darius III, 1, 169;
Persian usurper, 2, 499
Bestuzhev, Count Alexis Petrovitch
(1693-1766), Russian statesman:
ministry of, 16, 228; resident at the
court in Courland, 15, 104, 107; tes-
tifies against Biron, 128; his rela-
tions with England and Prussia, 138,
142, 146; banishment of, 148
Bestuzhev-Riumin, Michael (ca. 1800),
Russian conspirator: in the plot of
the Dekabrists, 15, 273
Beszeredy (ca. 1800), Hungarian pa-
triot: in the diet of 1836, 17, 352
Bethel, Palestine: conquered by He-
brews, 1, 377
Bethencourt, Jean de (d. 1425),
French adventurer: his conquest of
the Canaries, 21, 3
Bethhoron, Palestine: battles of
(166 B. C), 1, 406; (65 A. D.), 410
Bethlen, Gabriel, Prince of Transyl-
vania (1580-1629), Magyar general
and ruler: invades Hungary, 17,
205; leads Transylvanians, 224; re-
volt of, 18, 267; makes peace with
Ferdinand II of Germany, 273;
elected prince, 17, 225; claims
throne of Hungary, 226; death of,
226
Bethmont, Eugene (1804-1860),
French lawyer: member of the pro-
visional government, 9, 435
Bethune, Sir Henry (ca. 1800), Eng-
lish minister to Persia: establishes
English influence in Persia, 5, 360
Betrand du Guesclin (1320-1380),
French commander: joins conspi-
100
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
racy against Pedro the Cruel, 8, 166
Betski (ca. 1800), Russian educator:
the labors of, 15, 195
Better Government of India, Act for
the: see Government of India, Act
for the Better
Beugnot, Jacques Claude (1761-1835),
French statesman: made minister of
police, 9, 356
Beuren, Count of: see Philip William,
Prince of Orange
Beurnonville, Pierre Riel de (1752-
1821), French general and politician:
his campaigns in the Franco-Aus-
trian War, 9, 276; member of pro-
visional government, 349
Beust, Friedrich Ferdinand, .Baron
von (1809-1886), Saxon and Austrian
statesman and diplomat: arranges
the dual agreement between Austria
and Hungary, 17, 397; relieved of
his duties, 411; reforms of, 18, 415
Beverley Minster, Yorkshire, Eng-
land: built (1220), 11, 141
Beverly, Robert (1675-1716), Ameri-
can historian: writings of, 23, 143
Beybars, Sultan of Egypt, 1260-1277:
reign of, 1, 36
Beylan, Asiatic Turkey: battle of
(1832), 14, 434
Beyrout, Asiatic Turkey: bombarded
(1840), 9, 419
Beza, Theodore (ca. 1530), Swiss
scholar: teaches in the University
of Lausanne, 13, 448
Beziers: see Baeterrae
Bhakta-Mala, Hindu religious book,
compiled ca. 1600: description of, 5,
80
Bhartpur (Bhurtpore), British India:
sieges of (1805), 5, 201; (1827), 212
Bhils, natives of Central British India:
description of, 5, 28
Bhilsa, India: plundered by Ala-ud-
din, 5, 99
Bhurtpore: see Bhartpur
Bhutan War, between England and
Himalayan state of Bhutan, ended
by treaty (1865), 5, 247
Biacnabate, Treaty of, concluded be-
tween Spain and the Philippines
(1897), 20, 314
Bianchi, political faction which arose
in Tuscany about 1300: rise of, 4,
212
Bibaculus, Marcus Furius (b. 103 B.
C), Latin poet: orations of, 3, 319
Biberach, Wiirtemberg: battle of
(1796), 9, 3d
Bibikov, Alexander (ca. 1770), Rus-
sian general: in the Pugatchev in-
surrection, 15, 168
Bible, The: translated into English,
II, 257; translated into German, 13,
453J the New Testament translated
into Slav, 17, 32; translated into
Gothic, 18, 32; translated by Luther,
18, 244, 251; accepted as law in
Salem colony, 23, 89; constitution
of New Haven colony, 92; trans-
lated into Algonquin, 97, 143; slav-
ery contrary to, 130; supports slav-
ery, 24, 591; its place among Lin-
coln's books, 665; supplied to sol-
diers by Christian Commission, 825
Bibracte, ancient Gaul: battle of (58
B. C), 13, 329
Bibulus, Lucius Calpurnius (d. 48 B.
C), a Roman politician: given com-
mand of army in the East, 3, 325;
executes all Caesarian prisoners,
344; destroys part of Caesar's fleet,
345
Bicocca, Italy: battles of (1522), 4,
301; (1849), 359
Bicoque, France: battle of (1522), 9,
138
Bidaossa, Treaty of: see Pyrenees,
Peace of the
Biedermann, J. C. (ca. 1850), a Swiss
theologian: sketch of, 13, 584
Bielayev (ca. 1812), a Russian peas-
ant: the plan of, 15, 244
Bienville, Celeron de (ca. 1750), a
French officer in Canada: sent to es-
tablish French claims, 23, 169
Big Bend State: see Tennessee
Big Black Bridge, Mississippi: con-
federate defeat at, 24, 777
Big Sunflower River, Mississippi: in
Vicksburg campaign, 24, 776
Bigod, Hugh (d. 1266), English justi-
cian: offends barons, 11, 139
Bigod, Roger (1 245-1306), Earl of
GENERAL INDEX
101
Norfolk: leads baronial opposition
to Edward I, II, 149.
Bikker, Cornelius, burgomaster of
Amsterdam 1650: sketch of, 13, 226
Bikorski, a Russian mayor, 1812:
burns the bridge over the Luzha,
15, 244
Bilbao, Spain: siege of (1835), 8, 497
Bill of Rights: added to Constitution
(1789), 23, 338
Billaud-Varennes, Jean Nicolas (1756-
1819), a French revolutionist: made
member of the committee of safety,
9, 285; leader of the commune, io,
203; attacks Robespierre, 310; trial
of, 333
Billault, Auguste Adolph Marie (1805-
1863), a French jurist and states-
man: opposes Guizot's foreign pol-
icy, 9. 430; death of, 454
"Billion Dollar Congress," The, 24,
975
Billy, Silly: see William IV, King of
England
Biloxx, Louisiana: French claim, 23,
168
Biloxi Indians, a North American
.tribe: location, 23, 8
Binger, Louis Gustave (1856 ), a
French officer and African explorer:
his work in Africa, 19, 150
Bingham, Sir Richard (1528-1599), an
English soldier: cruelty of, 12, 95
Binothris: see Bainuter
Biographical Sketches:
Aitchison, Sir Charles Umpherston,
5, 263
Alcibiades, 2, 322
Alexander the Great, 2, 483, 484
Amherst, William Pitt, 5, 209
Ashley, Sir Eden, 5, 263
Auckland, George Eden, Earl of, 5,
215
Baring Evelyn, Earl Cromer, 5, 260
Barlow, Sir George Hilaro, 5, 204
Bayley, Sir Stewart Colvin, 5, 262
Bayley, William Butterworth, 5, 212
Bentinck, William Cavendish, 5, 212
Bernard, Sir Charles Edward, 5,
264
Blood, Bindon, 5, 279
Bolivar, Simon, 31, 58
Buddha, 5, 56
Caesar, Caius Julius, 3, 362
Campbell, Colin, Baron Clyde, 5,
237
Campbell, Sir George, 5, 252
Canning, Charles John, Earl Can-
ning, 5, 230
Cleveland, Grover, 24, 944
Clive, Robert, 5, 179
Columbus, Christopher, 23, 26
Colvin, Sir Auckland, 5, 261
Cortez, Hernando, 22, 5
Couper, George Ebenezer Wilson,
5, 263
Curzon of Kedleston, George Na-
thaniel Curzon, Baron, 5, 279
Dalhousie, James Andrew Brown
Ramsey, Earl of, 5, 222
David ben Jesse, 1, 383
Davis, Robert Henry, 5, 252
Deane, Sir Harold Arthur, 5, 286
Demosthenes, 2, 465
Denison, Sir William Thomas, 5,
245
Duff, Sir Mountstuart Elphinstone
Grant, 5, 263
Dufferin, Frederick Temple Hamil-
ton-Temple-Blackwood, Marquis
of, 5, 264
Egerton, Robert Eyles, 5, 263
Elgin, James Bruce, Earl of, 5, 244
Elgin, Victor Alexander Bruce,
Earl of, 5, 274
Ellenborough, Edward Law, Baron,
5, 218
Elles, Sir Edmond Roche, 5, 279
Ellis, Sir Barrow Hilbert, 5, 251
Elphinstone, Mountstuart, 5, 205
Elphinstone, William George Keith,
5, 218
Esarhaddon, 1, 88
Fergusson, James, 5, 263
Fitzgerald, Sir William Robert Sey-
mour Vesey, 5, 252
Gibbs, James, 5, 262
Grey, Sir William, 5, 252
Hardinge, Sir Henry, 5, 219
Harrison, William Henry, 24, 524
Hastings, Francis Rawdon-Has-
tings, Marquis of, 5, 206
Hodson, William Stephen Raikes,
5, 238
Hope, Sir Theodore Cracraft, 5,
262
102
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Hudson, Sir John, 5, 258
Hume, Allan Octavian, 5, 270
Ilbert, Sir Courtenay Peregrine, 5,
262
Iturbide, Agustin de, 22, 259
Jackson, Andrew, 23, 477
Jang, Sir Salar, 5, 235
Juarez, Benito Pablo, 22, 404
Kitchener, Horatio Herbert, Vis-
count Kitchener, 5, 305
Laing, Samuel, 5, 244
Lansdowne, Henry Charles Keith
Petty-Fitzmaurice, Marquis of, 5,
268
Lawrence, Sir Henry Montgomery,
5, 221
Lawrence, Sir John Laird Mair, 5,
222
Lawrence, Sir Walter Roper, 5, 277
Lincoln, Abraham, 24, 665
Lyall, Sir Alfred Comyn, 5, 263
Lyall, Sir James Broadwood, 5, 264
Lytton, Edward Robert Bulwer,
Earl of, 5, 254
Macnaghten, Sir William Hay, 5,
218
Macpherson, John, 5, 195
Maine, Henry James Sumner, 5,
245
Malcolm, John, 5, 206
Massey, William Nathaniel, 5, 247
Mayo, Richard Southwell Bourke,
Earl of, 5, 248
Menes, 1, 14, 15
Metcalfe, Charles Theophilus, 5,
205
Minto, Gilbert John Murray
Kynynmound Elliot, Earl of, 5,
309
Mohammed, 1, 206, 241
Montgomery, Robert, 5, 222
Morris, Sir John Henry, 5, 252
Muir, Sir William, 5, 252
Napier, Sir Charles James, 5, 219
Napier, Francis, Baron Ettrick of
Ettrick, 5, 252
Nicholson, John, 5, 235
Norman, Sir Henry Wylie, 5, 251
Northbrook, Thomas George Bar-
ing, Baron, 5, 253
O'Shaughnessy, William Brooke, 5,
225
Palmer, Sir Arthur Power, 5, 279
Phayre, Sir Arthur Purves, 5, 243
Ramses II, I, 26, 27
Ramses III, 1, 28, 29
Ranjit Singh, 5, 220
Ridgeway, Sir Joseph West, 5, 265
Ripon, George Frederick Samuel
Robinson, Earl of, 5, 258
Roberts, Frederick Sleigh, Earl
Roberts of Kandahar, Pretoria,
and Waterford, 5, 257
Robespierre, 10, 218, 219
Rocafuerte, Vicente, 21, 108
Rose, Sir Hugh Henry, 5, 238
Saint Patrick, 12, 27
Sandenan, Sir Robert Groves, 5,
266
Sargon, 1, 84
Saul ben Kish, 1, 381, 384
Sennacherib, 1, 87
Shalmeneser II, 1, 80, 81
Smith, Harry, 5, 221
Smith, Thomas, 5, 158
Solomon, 1, 386
Stephen, James Fitzjames, 5, 251
Stokes, Whitley, 5, 262
Strachey, Richard, 5, 246
Sulla, Lucius Cornelius, 3, 241
Taylor, Zachary, 24, 592
Temple, Richard, Baron Temple, 5,
251
Thompson, Sir Augustus Rivers, 5,
262
Tiglaht-Pileser III, 1, 82
Trevelyan, Charles Edward, 5, 247
Van Buren, Martin, 23, 511
Wedderburn, Sir William, 5, 270
White, Sir George Stuart, 5, 278
Wilson, Henry Joseph, 5, 275
Wilson, James, 5, 243
Wood, Sir Charles, 5, 225
Birchlegs (Birke-benerne), a faction
in Scandinavia 12th century: the
party of the, 16, 98
Bird, George Corrie, an English gen-
eral in India (ca. 1895) : his cam-
paign against the Waziris, 5, 278
Birger, King of Sweden, 1284-1321:
reign of, 16, 106
Birger Brosa, Jarl of the Swedes and
the Goths (ca. 1250) : career of, 16,
103
GENERAL INDEX
103
Birke-benerne: see Birchlegs
Birmingham Political Union: demands
Parliamentary reform, n, 586
Birney, James Gillespie (1792-1857),
an American politician: nominated
for President, 24, 559, 580
Biron, Armand Louis, Duke of (1747-
I 793) a marshal of France: ordered
to advance upon Mons, 10, 173; re-
treat of, 173; death of, 9, 287
Biron, Charles de Gontaut, Due de
(1562-1602), an admiral and marshal
of France: leader of discontented
nobles, 9, 172; death of, 173
Biron, Ernst Johan von (1690-1772),
Duke of Courland, favorite of Em-
press Anne of Russia: presented to
Anne, 15, 104; sketch of, 107; made
Duke of Courland, 120; interferes
in Turkish negotiations, 123; regent
of Russia, 126; fall of, 127; recall
of, 153
Biron, Hedwig-Elizabeth (ca. 1725):
her account of her father's arrest,
15, 127
Biron, Peter, Duke of Courland, ca.
1770: rule of, 15, 192
Birs, Switzerland: battle of (1445), 13,
402
Biscoe, an English explorer and dis-
coverer of Enderby Land, and of
Adelaide Island: explorations of,
16, 334
Bishops' War, a war waged by Charles
I against Scotland (1638): account
of, 11, 336; results, 336
Bismarck, Count Herbert (1849-1904),
a Prussian diplomat, son of Prince
Otto Bismarck: his negotiations
with England, 19, 98; his mission
to London, 103
Bismarck Archipelago, Pacific Ocean:
annexed to Germany, 20, 302
Bismarcksburg, Africa: founded
(1885), 19, 180
Bismarck-Schoenhausen, Otto Ed-
uard Leopold, Prince von, a Prus-
sian statesman, called The Iron
Chancellor: born on the estate of
Schoenhausen, near Stendal, in
Prussian Saxony, April 1, 1815; was
educated at the boarding-school of
Herr Plamann in Berlin, a gymna-
sium where he was under the in-
fluence of Dr. Prevost and Dr. Bon-
nell, and at the Universities of Got-
tingen and Berlin; after passing the
necessary examination for the prac-
tice of law, he retired to his estates;
was a member of the Prussian
House of Burgesses, 1847-185 1; ap-
pointed a representative to the Ger-
manic Diet at Frankfort, 1851; made
ambassador to Russia, 1859; am-
bassador to France, 1862; given the
portfolio of foreign affairs and made
president of the cabinet, 1862; was
the leading spirit in the Slesvig-
Holstein controversy, 1864-1866; be-
came chancellor of the North Ger-
man Confederation, 1867; made
chancellor of the empire and given
the rank of prince, 1871; favored the
National Liberty Party, 1871-1878;
after 1878, inaugurated many eco-
nomic reforms; resigned, March 18,
1890; died, July 30, 1898
Growth of the influence of, 13,
308; his attitude toward the Eastern
question, 14, 487; in the Slesvig-
Holstein controversy, 16, 274; abil-
ity of, 17, 390; at the battle of
Sadowa, 392; at the head of the
Prussian government, 18, 407; pol-
icy of, 408 note; guides Prussian
policy, 412; becomes chancellor,
413; in the negotiations with France,
417; his estimate of Portugal as a
colonial power, 19, 78; influenced by
German African traders, 79; rules
German empire, 87; determines to
create a colonial empire, 93; nego-
tiates with the British Foreign Of-
fice, 95, 103; his Franco- African pol-
icy, no; his attitude in regard to
the Cameroons, 112; his schemes for
East Africa, 131
Bissell, Wilson Shannon (1847-1903),
American statesman: Postmaster-
General (1893), 24, 993 note
Bitchu-no-Kami : see Hotta Masaatsu
Bithynia, Province of, Asia Minor:
founded, 3, 275
Bituriges, a Gallic tribe: Caesar's cam-
paign against, 3, 308
Bixio (ca. i860), one of Garibaldi's
104
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
officers: joins Garibaldi in Sicilian
campaign, 4, 378
Bjarne (ca. 1000), an Icelander who
explored Greenland: voyage of, 16,
48
Bjelke, Count (ca. 1792), a Swedish
conspirator: plots to assassinate
Gustavus, 16, 249 ,
Bjelke, Gunilla (ca. 1585), daughter of
Johan Bjelke, a Swedish councillor:
marriage of, 16, 165
Bjelke, Thur (ca. 1590), a Swedish
councillor: punishment of, 16, 166
Bjelkov (nineteenth century), an ivory
hunter in Polar regions: explora-
tions of, 16, 306
Bjorling (ca. 1890), a Swedish natural-
ist and explorer in the Polar re-
gions: explorations of, 16, 324
Bjorn I (Jernside) (d. 804 A. D.),
King of Sweden: the legend of, 16,
20
Bjorn II, King of Sweden, 9th cen-
tury: his appeal for missionaries,
16, 26; mentioned by Anscarius, 58
Bjornson, Bjornstjerne (1832 ), a
Norwegian poet and dramatist:
fights for Norway's independence,
16, 287
Blacas, Count of, a French courtier
1814: made minister of the king's
household, 9, 356
Black, Jeremiah Sullivan (1810-1883),
an American jurist and statesman:
advises Buchanan concerning garri-
soning of Southern forts, 24, 696
Black Bartholomew's Day: see St.
Bartholomew, Massacre of
Black Charles: see Napier, Sir Charles
Black Death: in England (1348), 11,
163; (1361), 169; in Greenland, 16,
48; in Norway and Sweden, 108
Black Dick: see Howe, Richard, Earl
Black Douglas, The: see Douglas
Black Eagle, The: see Logan, John A.
Black Eagle, Insurrection of, an up-
rising in Cuba (1830), 22, 451
Black Hawk War, a rebellion of the
Sac and Fox Indians led by Black
Hawk (1833), 23, 506
Black Hole of Calcutta, a garrison
strong-room in Calcutta 18 ft.
square into which 146 British pris-
oners were thrust (1756): story of,
5, 182
Black King, The: see Henry III, Holy
Roman Emperor
Black Prince: see Edward, Prince of
England
Black Rock, Ireland: taken by the
British (1814), 30, 154
"Black Warrior" Affair, the seizure
of the " Black Warrior," an Ameri-
can merchant vessel by the Spanish
(1854), 24, 642
Blackadder, Robert, Bishop of St. An-
drews: consecrated (1492), 12, 300
Blackstone, Sir William (1 723-1 780),
an English jurist: his writings
source of American Constitution,
23, 330
Blackwater, Ireland: battle of (1598),
, 303
Blacons, Marquis des, deputy of Dau-
phine 1789: pronounces renunciation
of privileges of Dauphine, 10, 75
Bladensburg, Maryland: American
rout at, 23, 426
Blagovestchensh, Russia: massacre at,
6, 309, 311; bombarded, 7, 284
Blaine, James Gillespie, an American
statesman: born in West Brown-
ville, Penna., January 31, 1830; grad-
uated at Washington College, 1847;
member of the House of Represent-
atives, 1862-1876; Speaker, 1869-
1875; accused of receiving bribes
from railroads, 1876; United States
Senator, 1876-1881; Secretary of
State, March 4-December 19, 1881
and 1889-1892; candidate for Presi-
dent, 1884; published "Twenty
Years of Congress," 1884-1886; died
January 27, 1893
Denounces Republican attitude
toward negro suffrage, 24, 858;
member of Congress (1869), 862;
quoted on removal of Sumner, 880;
nominated for President (1876),
906; (1880), 926; (1884), 942, 943,
947; (1892), 989; opposed to Hayes,
915; elected senator, 916; quoted on
Lamar's tribute to Sumner, 917;
compared with Conkling, 926; in
Garfield's cabinet, 932; his eulogy
on Garfield, 934; succeeded by Fre-
GENERAL INDEX
105
linghuysen, 936; declines nomina-
tion (1888), 965; Speaker of House,
969; in Mafia dispute, 976; in Chilian
dispute, 978; effort to abrogate
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, 1058
Blair, Francis Preston (1821-1875), an
American politician: opposes Eman-
cipation Proclamation, 24, 767;
leader of Missouri Unionists, 721;
in Hampton Roads Conference, 809;
nominated Vice President, 860
Blair, James (1656-1743), an Ameri-
* can clergyman and educator: estab-
lishes College of William and Mary,
23, 141
Blair, Montgomery (1813-1883), an
American politician and lawgiver:
appointed Postmaster-general, 24,
708
Blake, Joseph (ca. 1687), nephew of
Admiral Robert Blake: governor of
South Carolina, 23, 77
Blake, Robert, an English naval offi-
cer: born at Bridgewater, Somerset-
shire, England, August, 1598 or
1599; elected to Parliament, 1640;
in the civil war, he joined the par-
liamentary forces and won distinc-
tion by his defense of Taunton,
1644-1645; appointed "general of
the sea," 1649; made warden of
the Cinque ports, 1651; became
chief admiral, 1652; served in the
war with the Dutch, 1652-1653;
commanded in the Mediterranean,
1654-1666; destroyed the Spanish
plate-fleet at Vera Cruz, 1667; died
at sea near Plymouth, England,
August 17, 1657
Commands fleet against the
Dutch, 11, 365; commands expedi-
tion against Tunis and Algiers, 370;
at the battle of Dover, 13, 229; in
the war with the Dutch, 230; death
of, 11, 371
Blakeney, William (1 672-1 761), a Brit-
ish military commander: defends
St. Philip, 9, 244
Blanc, Jean Joseph Charles Louis
(1811-1882), a French politician,
political writer and socialist: leads
revolt, 9, 437
Blanca, Florida: see Florida-Blanca
Blanche, Queen of Navarre, ca. 1400:
regent for Jeanne, 8, 207; reign of,
212; made regent of Sicily, 259;
marries Juan II of Aragon, 261; ac-
cession to throne of Navarre, 263
Blanche de Bourbon (ca. 1350) : mar-
ries Pedro the Cruel, 8, 161; im-
prisonment of, 163; death of, 165
Blanche of Castile (1 187-1252): made
regent for Louis IX of France, 9,
80; death of, 82
Blanche of Navarre (ca. 1350) : mar-
ries Philip VI of France, 9, 95
Blancmenil, Nicholas Potier de No-
vion de (1618-1693), a French mag-
istrate and artisan of the Fronde:
arrested, 9, 201
Blanco, Antonio Guzman (1828-1899),
Venezuelan soldier and statesman:
candidate for president of Vene-
zuela, 21, 96; made vice-president
of Venezuela, 98; his mission to
Europe, 100; opens the Congress of
1866, 102; leads insurrection, 103;
presidency of, 104; his administra-
tion and power in Venezuela, 245;
demands that British evacuate dis-
puted territory, 263
Blanco y Arenas, Ramon (1832-1906),
Spanish general: sent to Cuba, 22,
458
Bland, Richard P. (1835-1899), Amer-
ican legislator: candidate for Presi-
dential nomination, 24, 1014
Bland-Allison Law, passed 1878 re-
monetizing the silver dollar: passed,
24, 922; repealed, 974
Blanka, Queen of Sweden and Nor-
way, ca. 1330: sketch of, 16, 107;
death of, 117
Blanketeers, March of the (1816),
body of half-starved Manchester
operatives who walked to London
to petition for legislative remedy
against capitalistic oppression, 11,
Blanqui, Louis Auguste (1805-1881),
French socialist and political agi-
tator: leader of the Society of the
Seasons, 9, 417; opposes the pro-
visional government, 436
Blantyre, Africa: description of, 19,
242
106
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Bleda (d. 445 A. D.), brother of At-
tila: death of, 18, 40
Bleneau, France: battle of (1653), 9,
204
Blenheim, Bavaria: battle of (1704), 9,
22T, 11, 455, 13, 250, 18, 313
Blennerhassett, Harman (1765-1831),
an Englishman of Irish descent: in
Burr's conspiracy, 23, 404
Blind General, The: see Zisca, John of
Blockades:
B. C.
670. Tyre, I, 90
ca. 645. Eira, 2, 75
454. Aegina, 2, 245
ca. 445. Samos, 2, 260
435. Epidamnus, 2, 265
433. Potidaea, 2, 269, 271, 284
429. Plata ea, 2, 288, 297
428. Mitylene, 2, 291, 293
425. Pylos, 2, 301, 302
425. Sphacteria, 2, 305, 306, 307
406. Mitylene, 2, 371, 372
404. Peiraeus, 2, 277
ca. 254. Lilybaeum, 3, 103
ca. 214. Syracuse, 3, 124
ca. 147. Carthage, 3, 165
83. Capua, 3, 226
52. Alesia, 3, 307
A. D.
ca. 1509. Ormuz, 8, 329
1590. Paris, 9, 167
1705. Gibraltar, 8, 394
1706. The capital of Catalonia, 8,
396
1713. The capital of Catalonia, 8,
402
1743. Prague, 9, 238
1744. Toulon, 9, 238
1757. Pirna, 9, 245
1793- All French ports, IO, 271
1794. Landrecies, 9, 289
1794. Luxemburg and Mayence, 9,
290
1796. Mantua, 9, 299, 300
1798. Malta, 20, 253
1 8oi. Tripoli, 23, 393
1804. Brest and Ferrol, 9, 324
1804-1807. Buenos Ayres, 21, 57
1804-1807. Montevideo, 21, 57
1806-1807. Orders in Council, 11,
560, 10, 473, 23, 407
1806. Berlin Decree, 9, 329, 10,
473, 11, 560, 13, 269, 18, 378, 23,
407
1807. Milan Decree, 8, 485, 10, 473,
11, 560, 13, 269, 18, 378, 23, 407
1829. Shumla, 15, 286
1838. Buenos Ayres, 21, 125
1838. Vera Cruz, 22, 274
1841. Canton, 6, 134
1842. Montevideo, 21, 139
1845. Buenos Ayres, 21, 126
1858. Ports of Ecuador, 21, no
1861. Southern ports of the United
States, 11, 622, 24, 723
1865. Coquimbo, 21, 221
1865. Herradura, 21, 221
1865. Tome, 21, 221
1865. Talcahuano, 21, 221
1865. Caldera, 21, 221, 222
1865. Valparaiso, 21, 221, 222, 224
1879. Iquique, 2.1, 235
1898. Santiago, 22, 459
1898. Cienfuegos, 24, 1027
1898. North coast of Cuba, 24,
1027
1902. La Guayra, 21, 246
1904. Port Arthur, 7, 307
Bloemfontein, Orange Free State:
founded, 20, 226; occupied by the
British (1900), 233
Blois, Charles de (d. 1364), Duke of
Brittany: presides over thv. Estates
(1356), 9, 99; death of, 103
Blois, Treaty of, concluded between
Louis XII of France and Charles
of Austria (1504). 9> 133
Blood, Bindon (1842 ), English
soldier: sketch of, 5, 279
Blood, Council of: see Troubles,
Council of
Blood Bath, The (1520), in Scandi-
navia, 16, 150
Blood Revenge: among the Indians,
33, 13
Blood-Wedding, The: see St. Barthol-
omew, Massacre of
Bloody Assizes, The (1685), popular
name for trials for participation in
Monmouth's rising, II, 423
Blount, James H. (1836-1903), Ameri-
can politician: special commissioner
to Hawaii, 24, 998
Blucher, Gebhard Leberecht von,
(1742-1819), famous Prussian field-
GENERAL INDEX
107
marshal: his campaigns against Na-
poleon, 9, 346, 13, 287,- 15, 262, 18,
372, 383, 384, 387; his campaign in
Belgium, 9, 362; at the battle of
Waterloo, 10, 501, 17, 314
Bludov, Count (ca. i77S) Russian
noble: quoted, 15, 182
Blue Hen State, The: see Delaware
Blue Hills State: see Massachusetts
Blue Laws of Connecticut, passed for
the strict regulation of the morals
of the people, 23, 154
Blue Lodges, pledged to counteract
the efforts of the abolitionists in
Kansas, 24, 648
Blue Ridge: in Shenandoah valley,
24. 793
Bluestring, Robin: see Walpole, Sir
Robert
Blum, Robert (1807-1848), German
political agitator and writer: his
mission to Austria, 17, 376; death
of, 18, 401
Bluntschli, Johann Caspar (1808-
1881), Swiss political economist and
statesman: sketch of, 13, 584
Boabdil: see Abu Abdalla ben Mulez
Boadicea (Voadica), a British queen:
after the death of her husband,
Prasutagus, King of the Iceni, in
60 A. D., she and her subjects join-
ed the Trinolantes in a revolt
against the Romans; she was defeat-
ed in 62 A. D. by Suetonius Pau-
linus, and then killed herself
Leads revolts in Britain, 4, 76,
11, 10
Board of Foreign Office: see Tsungli
Yamen
Board of Punishments: see Hsing Pu
Board of Trade: see Lords of Trade
and Plantations
Bobadilla, Francisco de (d. 1502),
Spanish officer: sends Columbus in
chains to Spain, 21, 12; death of,
13
Bocayura, Quintino (ca. 1890), Brazil-
ian Republican editor: leads Re-
publican party, 21, 252; member of
provisional government, 253
Boccaccio (Boccaccio do Certaldo),
, Giovanni, an Italian novelist and
poet: born in Paris, 1813; was a
merchant in Naples, 1330-1336;
studied canon law, 1336-1341; was
several times ambassador for the
Florentine state and lectured at
Florence on the " Divina Comedia,"
(1373-1374); died December 21, 1375
Sketch of, 4, 28/.
Boccanegra, Simon (1300-1363): made
the first doge of Genoa, 4, 243
Bocchoris (Bak-en-ran-ef), King of
Egypt, ca. 700 B. C: reign of, I,
30
Bocchus, King of Mauretania, ca. no
B. C. : joins Rome against Jugur-
tha, 3, 188
Bockelson, Johann: see John of Ley-
den
Bocskai, Stephen (d. 1606), Transyl-
vanian noble: leads Transylvanians,
17, 224
Bodleian Library, a library of Oxford
university, England: nucleus of, 11,
238
Bodmer, Johann (1698-1783), Swiss
critic and poet: sketch of, 13, 489 '
"Body of Liberties," to limit dis-
cretionary power of executive:
adopted in Salem, 23, 89; recognizes
witchcraft as capital offense, 91
Boece, Hector (1465-1536), noted
Scotch historian: sketch of, 12, 309
Boeotia, Greece: geography of, 2, 12;
settled, 47; loses Plataea, in; joins
Cleomenes against Athens, 143; sub-
mits to Xerxes, 195; campaign
against the Persians in, 206; surren-
ders to Mithradates, 3, 217; conquer-
ed by Athens, 2, 245; revolts against
Athens, 248; joins Sparta in Pelo-
ponnesian ar, 262; invaded by the
Athenians, 310; invaded by Ly-
sander, 398; invaded by Agesilaus,
400; invaded by Phocians, 462; in-
vaded by Philip of Macedon, 477
Boeotian League, league of inde-
pendent cities in Boeotia, headed
by Thebes: formed, 2, 13 note; dis-
solved, 419; reconstructed, 437
Boer Wars: I (1880), following proc-
lamation of Transvaal Republic, be-
tween that country and Great Brit-
ain: causes, 13, 318, 20, 229; princi-
pal battles, Laing's Neck and Ma-
108
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
juba Hill, 20, 230; peace treaty,
230; results, 230; II (1899-1902),
Transvaal and Orange Free State
against England: causes, IX, 640,
13, 318, 20, 232; principal sieges,
Mafeking, Kimberly and Lady-
smith, (1899), 11, 641; results, 11,
641, 20, 233
Boers, South African inhabitants of
Dutch descent: history of, 19, 275
Boethius, (475-524 A. D.), Roman
philosopher: death, 4, 158, 18, 48
Bogbinder, Hans Metzenheim (ca.
1500), Danish merchant: guardian
of Christian, 16, 147
Bogdanovich, Ippolit Feodorovitch
(1743-1803), Russian poet: account
of, 15, 192
Boges, Persian governor, 468 B. C:
sketch of, 2, 228
Bogota, Colombian capital: taken by
the revolutionists, 21, 68; descrip-
tion of, 92; Colombian congress
meets at, 24, 1059
Bohemia, a state of the Austro-Hun-
garian monarchy: offers crown to
Ferdinand I of Austria, 17, 3; relics
of the stone age found in, 10; first
settlers in, 18, 6; occupied by the
Boii, 17, 11; occupied by the Mar-
comanni, 13; settled by the Czechs,
18; early history, 29; invaded by the
Franks, 30; becomes tributary to
Germany (880), 18, 96; at war with
Hungary, 17, 59; under the Premy-
slides, 62; under Podiebrad and the
Jagellons, 142; her first Hapsburg
kings, 194; overthrow of, 204; under
Ferdinand II of Germany (1617),
18, 268; invaded by Frederick II of
Prussia, 17, 241; under Maria
Theresa, 251; under Joseph II of
Austria, 274; in the struggle against
the French revolution, 286; under
Leopold II and Francis II, 340;
revolutionary tendencies in, 350;
revolution of 1848, 363; opposes the
Austrian constitution, 388; under
the dual system of government,
401; present political status in, 453
Bohemian Brethren, Union of, a re-
ligious sect in Bohemia (i5th-i7th
century): rise of, 17, 145; persecut-
ed, 197; publish a translation of the
Bible, 198; proscribed, 208; reap-
pears in Bohemia, 266
Bohmisch-Skalitz: see Skalitz
Bohun, Humfrey,. Earl of Hereford
(d. 1298) : leads baronial opposition
to Edward I, 11, 149
Boies, Horace (1827 ), American
lawyer and politician: candidate for
Presidential nomination (1896), 24,
1014
Boii, a Celtic people living in Cisal-
pine Gaul: join Helvetian migra-
tion, 3, 301; occupy Bohemia, 17,
11; defeated by the Scordisci, 12;
location of, 18, 6
Boileau (1613-1711), French critic
and poet: death of, 10, 279
Boileau (Boisseleau), Captain (ca.
1690), French captain: at siege of
Limerick, 12, 146
Boiorix, King of the Cimbri, 1st cen-
tury B. C. : leads invasion of Italy,
3, 193
Bois, Peter du (ca. 1380), a popular
leader in Ghent: leads insurrection
in Ghent, 13, 34
Bois-le-duc, Netherlands: battle of
(1567), 13, 101; siege of (1601), 176
Boisot, Louis (d. 1576), a Dutch ad-
miral: at battle of Bergen-op-Zoom,
13, 116
Boisrond-Canal, President of Hayti
1876-1880: elected ruler of Hayti,
22, 501
Boissy d'Anglas, Count Frangois An-
toine de (1756-1826), a French
statesman and publicist: leads con-
stitutional party, 9, 358; his coura-
geous conduct in the assembly, be-
fore the insurgents, 10, 337
Bokelszoon, John (ca. 1530), a tailor
of Leyden, and an Anabaptist
preacher: teachings of, 13, 57
Boleslav I, Prince of Bohemia, 928-
967: reign of, 17, 63
Boleslav II, Prince of Bohemia, 967-
999: reign of, 17, 63
Boleslav (I) the Brave, King of Po-
land, 999-1025: reign of, 15, 374;
marriage of, 17, 46; his relations
with St. Adalbert, 63; secures inde-
pendence for his country, 18, 120;
GENERAL INDEX
109
his wars With Henry U, 121; death
of, 125
Boleslav (II) the Rash, King of Po-
land, 1058-1082: reign of, 15, 375
Boleslav (III) "the Wry-mouthed,"
King of Poland, 1102-1139: reign
of, 15, 375
Boleyn (Bullen), Anne, Queen of
England: born in 1507; educated at
the French court and became about
1525 one of the maids of honor to
the English queen, Catharine of
Aragon; became the second wife of
Henry VIII of England on or about
January 25, 1533; was condemned to
death on a charge of adultery and
beheaded, May 19, 1536
Influence over Henry, 11, 246;
marries Henry VIII of England,
250; death of, 256
Bolingbroke, Viscount: see St. John,
Henry
Bolivar (Bolivar y Ponte), Simon,
surnamed the Liberator, a South
American general and patriot: born
at Caracas, July 25, 1783; studied
in Madrid; joined the revolt of 1810
and served in several battles; ap-
pointed dictator, 1813; defeated and
driven out of Venezuela, 1814, but
rallied near the end of 1816 and
gained several victories over the
Spanish in 1817: elected president of
Colombia, 1819; liberated Peru,
1822; became dictator of Peru, 1823;
president of Bolivia, 1825; died in
San Pedro near Santa Martha, De-
cember 17, 1830
Takes an oath to deliver South
America from Spain, 31, 52; sketch
of, 58; made captain general of New
Granada and Venezuela, 64; made
general-in-chief, 67; made dictator
in Colombia, 77; estimate of, 78;
and Bolivia, 181; death of, 84;
South American patriot, 23, 468
Bolivia (Upper Peru): rebels against
Spanish authority, 21, 58; over-
throws Sucre, 82; creation of, 121;
from 1825 to 1876, 181; at war with
Chili, 234; from 1876 to 1906, 243
Bolivia-Brazil Boundary Dispute
(1903), 21, 265
Bolivian Code, a constitution drawn
up by Bolivar for Bolivia in 1825,
21, 184
Bologna, Italy: internal strife, 4, 211
Bologna, University of: founding and
growth of, 11, 116
Bolts, William (ca. 1775), an English-
man in British East Indian Com-
pany: his expedition to Africa, 19,
40
Bomarsund, Russia: siege of (1854),
15, 309
Bomba, King: see Ferdinand II, King
of Naples and Sicily
Bombay, Africa: founded, 19, 51
Bombay, India: ceded to England, 5,
164, 11, 384
Bomberg (ca. 1566), a Belgian officer:
at battle of Bois-le-duc, 13, 101
Bomelins (ca. 1725), a Dutch physi-
cian: death of, 15, 85
Bompart, Admiral, commander of
French expedition to Ireland 1798:
leads French expedition to Ireland,
12, 214
Bonaparte, Charles Louis Napoleon:
see Napoleon III, Emperor of the
French
Bonaparte, Eliza (Marie Anna) (1777-
1820), a sister of Napoleon I: given
Tuscany, 4, 348
Bonaparte, Jerome (1784-1860), a
brother of Napoleon I: sketch of,
18, 374; receives Westphalia, 10,
471; driven from his capital, 479;
his campaign against Russia, 15,
220; leaves Westphalia, 18, 386
Bonaparte, Joseph (1768-1844), the
eldest brother of Napoleon I: ne-
gotiates Peace of Luneville, 17, 285,
18, 364; made constable of the em-
pire, 9, 322; declared King of the
Two Sicilies, 10, 467; made King of
Naples, 4, 348, 8, 486, 9, 327, 18,
371; appointed King of Spain, 4,
348, 8, 528, 9, 333, 10, 475, 16, 257.
18, 375. 22, 230; given command of
Paris, 9, 345
Bonaparte, Louis (1778-1846), a broth-
er of Napoleon I: made grand
elector, 9, 322; made King of Hol-
land, 4, 348, 9, 327, 10, 467, 13, 267,
18, 371
110
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Bonaparte, Lucien (1775-1840), a
brother of Napoleon I: attempts to
defend Napoleon before the coun-
cil of five hundred, 9, 310; resigns
his insignias of office, io, 415
Bonaparte, Napoleon: see Napoleon
(I) Bonaparte
Bonaparte, Pierre Napoleon, Prince,
(1815-1881), a son of Lucien Bona-
parte: kills Victor Noir, 9, 460
Bonaparte, The Monogolian: see Ti-
mur the Lame
Bonchamp, Charles Melchior Artus,
Marquis (1 760-1 793), a French gen-
eral, leader of the Vendeans; sup-
ports insurrection in the Vendee, 9,
293
Bond, Oliver (ca. 1790), a Dublin
merchant: member of the United
Irishmen, 12, 201; arrest of, 209
Bond, Sir Robert (1857 ), English
politician: ministry of, 20, 178
Bondar, a Swedish line of kings (1160-
1250) : line of the, 16, 102
" Bonhomme Richard," a vessel un-
der command of John Paul Jones:
fight with the " Serapis," 23, 528
Boniface VIII (1228-1303), Pope,
1294-1303: attempts to arrange re-
lations between Jayme II of Ara-
gon and Charles of Anjou, 8, 247;
reconciles Edward I of England
and Philip the Fair of France, 9, 87;
issues the " Clericis laicos," II, 149;
his relations with Denmark, 16,
112; favors claims of Charles Rob-
ert of Anjou to Hungarian throne,
17, 151; death of, 9, 88
Boniface (Bonifacius) IX (d. 1404),
Pope, 1389-1404: foments rebellion
in Sicily, 8, 259; his struggle with
Benedict XIII, 9, 109; proclaims
crusade against Turks, 14, 39; de-
poses Wenzel, 18, 198
Boniface (1245-1263), Count of Savoy:
reign of, 4, 273
Boniface, Saint (original name was
Winfrid or Winfrith), called the
Apostle of Germany, an English
missionary: born in Kirton, near
Exeter, England (680 A. D.); began
preaching in Germany, 716 A. D.,
made a bishop by Pope Gregory
II, 723 A. D., and archbishop and
primate of all Germany by Pope
Gregory III, 732 A. D.; made Arch-
bishop of Mainz, 745 A. D.; assas-
sinated at Dokkum in West Fries-
land, June 5, 755 A. D.
His mission to the Friscons, 13,
15; career of, 18, 72
Boniface, Raymond (ca. 1245), a
Spanish admiral: at the siege of
Seville (1247), 8, 106
Boniface of Savoy (d. 1270), Arch-
bishop of Canterbury (1241): char-
acter of, II, 137
Bonifacio, Andres, a rebel leader of
the Philippines: leads uprising
(1896), 20, 314
Bonifacius (Boniface), Count (d. 432
A. D.) : supports the government of
Placidia, 4, 147
Bonne of Savoy (ca. 1470), mother of
Duke of Milan: regency of, 4, 265
Bonnie Blue Flag, The, the Confeder-
ate hymn: sung for the first time,
24, 688
Bonnier, Colonel (ca. 1893), com-
mander of French troops: occupies
Timbuktu, 19, 152
Bonnivet, Guillaume Gouffier de
(1488-1525), a French general: cam-
paigns in Italy, 4, 302, 9, 139; in
Spain, 8, 349
Bonpland, Aime (1773-1858), a French
naturalist and traveler: detained in
Paraguay, 21, 147
Bonstetten, Albert von (ca. 1470),
dean of a Swiss monastery: sketch
of, 13, 428
"Book of Armagh," one of the man-
uscript books of Ireland, 12, 8
" Book of Ballymote," an ancient Irish
manuscript, 12, 7
" Book of Kells," one of ornamented
Irish manuscripts, 12, 8
"Book of Lecan [Leckan]," an an-
cient Irish manuscript, 12, 7
"Book of Leinster," an ancient Irish
manuscript, 12, 7
Book of Mormons, the code of law
for the Mormon sect: created, 24,
982
GENERAL INDEX
111
Book of the Dead, the chief monu-
ment of the religious literature of
Egypt, i, 54
" Book of the Dun Cow," an ancient
Irish manuscript, 12, 6
Bookland: meaning of term, 11, 52
Books, Bookmaking:
ARABIA: inscriptions, I, 184; poe-
try and poets, 199; translation of the
Bible, 204; destruction of the Alex-
andrian library, 296; libraries, 346;
precepts of the Koran refined, 361
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: translation
of the Bible, 17, 198
BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA:
History of Babylonia by Berosos, 1,
70; History of Assyria by Megas-
thenes, 70; Old Testament, 71; canon
of Ptolemy, 71, 72; epic of early
Chaldea, 74; writing on clay tablets,
106; epic of Gilgamesh, 108; books
on astronomy, no
CHINA: destruction of literature, 6,
n; reconstruction of literature, 12;
compilation of an encyclopedia, 31;
dictionary and encyclopedia, 72;
book of Celestial Decrees, 150; sale
of English books, 289
EGYPT: Papyrus Prisse, I, 16, 53;
letters found in the archive cham-
ber of Amenophis IV, 24; Phila-
delphus, Manetho's Egyptian His-
tory, Hebrew Scriptures into Greek,
34; Papyrus Ebers, 52; tales, ro-
mances, letters, 54; Book of the
Dead, edited Ly Naville in 1886, 54;
epic of Pantaur, 56; Papyri, 56;
works of Maimonides, 417
ENGLAND: translation by Alfred,
ix, 45; translation of the Bible, 173;
Caxton and his press, 231; books
of devotion, 262; Prayer Book, 266,
268, 275; Marprelate Tracts, 11, 301
GERMANY: translation of the Bi-
ble, 18, 32; first printed, 221; trans-
lation of the New Testament, 243;
Luther's Bible, 251
GREECE: Iliad and Odyssey, 2, 29;
"Cyclic" poems, 31; Spartan poet
Tyrtaeus, 72
INDIA: the Rig- Veda, 5, 38; the
four Vedas, 42; the Mahabharata,
49, 50, 51, 52; the Ramayana, 52, 53;
Asoka's authorized version of Bud-
dhist books, 61; writings of John
Malcolm, 206; statistical survey of
India, 250
IRELAND: early manuscripts, 12,
6; decoration of books, 8; early pen-
work, 33; Psalter of Tara, 25
ISRAEL AND JUDAH: Book of
Genesis, 1, 373; Tell-el-Amarna Tab-
lets, 375; Book of Samuel, 382; Book
of Deuteronomy discovered, 398;
Greek version of the Old Testa-
ment, 404; Formation of the Tal-
mud, 414
ITALY: works of Muratori, 4, 338
JAPAN: first book of verses, 7, 35
LYDIA: few fragments of books
remain, 1, 152
MEXICO: first printed, 22, 108
PERSIA: sacred literature, 1, 172,
173; Herodotos, 179; Ktesias, 179;
authorized Bible of Zoroastrianism,
5, 316
PHOENICIA: epic of early Chaldea,
1, 122; scanty quotations from his-
tory of Tyre, a few other books,
133, 134
ROME: early Roman men of let-
ters, 2, 524
RUSSIA: destruction of books of
pedigree, 15, 25; during Queen
Anne's reign, 114; Rulhiere's his-
tory, 15, 159
SCOTLAND: translation of the
Prayer Book, 12, 331
SPAIN: book collecting, 8, 78;
printing of " Imago Mundi," 23, 28
SWITZERLAND: translation of
the Bible, 13, 453
TURKEY: revival of printing, 14,
377
UNITED STATES: Indian transla-
tion of the Bible, 23, 12; first print-
ing press (1639), 143; number and
kind in the colonies, 144; text-books
published in the North, 24, 589;
"Uncle Tom's Cabin," 638; Mor-
mon publications, 982
Boonsboro, Virginia: battle of (1862),
24, 765
Booth, Sir George (1622-1684), an
112
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
English soldier and politician: leads
uprising, n, 374
Booth, John Wilkes (1839-1865), an
American actor: assassinates Lin-
coln, 24, 826
Bora, Catharine von (1499-1552), a
Cistercian nun: marries Luther, 18,
245
Borba, Francisco Coutinho de (ca.
1490), governor of Arsilla: defeats
Moors, 8, 324
Borbon, Francisco Xavier de, prose-
cutor in Mexico 1794: sketch of, 22,
223
Borchgrevink, C. E., a Norwegian
explorer in Polar regions (1898):
explorations of, 16, 334
Borda, Juan Idiarte (d. 1897), presi-
dent of Uruguay 1894-1897: admin-
istration, 21, 259; assassinated, 259
Bordeaux, France: siege of (1130), 8,
234
Bordeaux, Compact of, the pledge of
Thiers to make no use of power to
favor one party or form of govern-
ment (1871), 9, 469
Bordeaux, Treaty of, a treaty between
Louis IX of France and Henry III
of England (1242), 9, 81
Borello, Count of Barcelona, ca. 967:
reign of, 8, 225
Borga, Diet of (1809), a meeting of
the estates of the Russian empire,
15, 217
Borges (ca. 1874), an insurrectionist
in Argentine Republic: joins insur-
rection of Mitre, 21, 135
Borghese, Camillo: see Paul V
Borgia, Caesar (1478-1507), Duke of
Valentino: power of, 4, 291
Borie, A. E., American Secretary of
the Navy: in Grant's Cabinet, 24,
861
Borivoj (9th century), Prince of Bo-
hemia: sketch of, 17, 30; baptized
by Methodius, 33; reign of, 62
Borlase, Sir John, a lord-justice of
Ireland: attempts to crush the Re-
bellion of 1641, 12, 115
Bornhauser (ca. 1830), a Swiss pa-
triot: urges a revolution in the con-
stitution, 13, 533
Bornhoved, Russia: battle of (1227),
16, 89
Borodin, Colonel (ca. 1823), a Russian
officer: at the siege of Akhalzikh,
15, 282
Borodino, Russia: battle of (1812), 9,
341, 15, 225, 10, 485, 18, 380
Borough, Thomas, Lord (d. 1597), an
English soldier: appointed lord
deputy of Ireland, 12, 95
Boroughbridge, England: battle of
(1322), 11, 154
Borrero, Antonio (19th century),
South American statesman: presi-
dent of Ecuador (1875), 21, 244
Borromean League (1586), 13, 458
Borromeo, Carlo (1538-1584), Arch-
bishop of Milan: his attempted re-
forms in Switzerland, 13, 457
Borselen, Vrank van (15th century),
a Dutch stadholder: marries Jacque-
line of Holland, 13, 41
Borut (ca. 750 A. D.), Prince of the
Slovenes: sketch of, 17, 37
Bosatsu: see Gyogi
Boscawen, Edward (1711-1761), Eng-
lish admiral: besieges Pondicherri,
5, 179; in the war with France, 9,
243, 11, 501, 20, 117, 23, 188
Bosch, Lieutenant General van den
(19th century), governor general of
Java: his administration, 20, 292
Bosco (ca. 1866), a commander of
royal troops in Italy: Garibaldi de-
feats, 4, 378
Bosna-Serai: see Serajevo
Bosnia, Turkey: invaded by the Turks
(1383), 17, 155; attacked by Baye-
zid, 14, 37; reconquered by Turks
(1445), 68; made Turkish province
(1454), 82; conquered by the Turks
(1463), 17, 162; claimed by the
emperor, 231; acquisition and incor-
poration of, by Austria-Hungary,
421
Boso (ca. 880 A. D.), King of Prov-
ence: usurps the throne, 9, 52
Bosquet, Pierre Joseph Franjois
(1810-1861), a marshal of France: in
Crimean War, 9, 446
Bosra, Arabia: battle of, 1, 268
Bossu, Maximilian, Count (d. 1578), a
GENERAL INDEX
113
Dutch admiral: at battle of Zuyder
Zee, 13, 114
Boston, capital of Massachusetts,
called the City of Notions: settle-
ment, 23, 88; officers for 1690-1691,
123; population at outbreak of the
Revolution, 127; a school estab-
lished, 140; Church of England in,
147; tea thrown into harbor, 219;
other colonies send supplies to, 222;
siege of, 235; population in time of
Jackson, 479; panic of 1837, 512;
Garrison mobbed, 24, 574; New
England Anti-Slavery Society or-
ganized, 574; mob attacks Thomp-
son, 575; Fugitive Slave Law dis-
obeyed, 615; anti-slavery mass
meeting, 636; fire of 1872, 902;
Latin School at, 23, 140
Boston Massacre (1770), collision be-
tween British soldiers stationed in
Boston and a crowd of citizens, II,
515, 23, 217
Boston News Letter, first Colonial
newspaper: founded, 23, 144
Boston Port Bill, passed by British
Parliament (1774), closing the port
of' Boston, 23, 220
Boston Tea Party (1773), a demon-
stration against the attempted im-
portation of tea into the colonies,
11, 515, 20, 127, 23, 219
Bosworth, England: battle of (1485),
11, 222
Botany Bay, Australia: attempt to
form a penal colony at, 20, 182
Bothwell, Adam (1550), English min-
ister: marries Mary Queen of Scots
and the Earl of Bothwell, 12, 317
Bothwell, James Hepburn, Earl of
(1536-1578), Scottish nobleman: re-
lations with Mary Queen of Scots,
11, 282, 12, 316
Bothwell, Bridge of, Scotland: battle
of (1669), 11, 409, 12, 348
Botilda, Queen of Denmark, ca. 1100:
in the first crusade, 16, 75
Botta, General (ca. 1745), Pavian gen-
eral: captures Genoa, 4, 334
Botta d' Adorno, Marquis (ca. 1740),
Austrian ambassador to Russia: in-
trigues of, 15, 129, 139
Bottomless Pitt, The: see Pitt, Wil-
liam (1759-1806)
Bouchain, Italy: siege of (1711), 13,
251
Boudinot, Elias (1740-1821), Amer-
ican patriot and philanthropist: in
first Congress, 23, 342
Boughton, Gabriel (ca. 1650), Eng-
lish surgeon: wins concessions for
the English from governor of Ben-
gal, 5, 164
Bouille, Francois Claude Amour,
Marquis de (1739-1800), a French
general: duplicity of, 10, 124; es-
tablishes a camp at Montmedy for
the reception of the king, 137; death
of, 125 note
Bouillon, Henri de la Tour d'Au-
vergne, Duke of (1555-1623),
French marshal and diplomat: joins
conspiracy of Biron, 9, 173; revolt
of, 178; conspires against Richelieu,
194
Boulanger, Georges Ernest Jean Ma-
rie (1837-1891), French soldier and
politician: rise of, 9, 484
Boule, council of principal men
in the ancient Greek states, having
legislative, executive and judicial
authority: created by Solon, 2, 106;
recast by Cleisthenes, 147; expelled
by the Four Hundred, 358; restored,
362; recast by the Thirty Tyrants,
384; in Modern Greece, 548
Boulogne, France: sieges of (1492),
9, 129; (1544). ", 261
Boultiaux (ca. 1900), French aero-
naut: associated with the Wellman
expedition, 16, 340
Bourne, H. R. Fox (living), English
writer: brings charges against the
administration in Congo Free State,
19, 256
Boundary Disputes, in America: aris-
ing from Louisiana Purchase, 23,
400; in the northwest, 443; between
Maine and New Brunswick, 514;
western boundary of Texas, 24, 600;
between Alaska and Canada, 1054;
in South America (1890-1906), 21,
261
Bouquet, Colonel (ca. 1750), Swiss
114
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
officer: in expedition against Fort
Du Quesne, 23, 190
Bourbaki, Charles Denis Sauter (1816-
1897), a French general: in the
Franco-Prussian War, 18, 425
Bourbon, House of, a royal house of
France, Spain and Naples: rule in
Spain, 8, 386, 22, 185; restoration
of, in Spain, 23, 445
Bourbon, Charles, Duke of (1490-
1527), French general: conspires
against Francis I of France, 4,
302; marches against Rome, 303
Bourbon, Louis Henry, Duke of
(1692-1740), French politician: given
the superintendence of Louis XV's
education, 9, 230; member of king's
council, 234
Bourbon, Island of: see Reunion
Bourde (ca. 1900), French statesman:
his administration of Tunis affairs,
19, 262
Bourdelot, Pierre Michon (1610-1685),
French physician: favorite of Chris-
tina, 16, 205
Bourdonnaye, Frangois Regis, Count
(1767-1839), French legislator:
made member of the council, 9, 388
Bourg, Anne du (1521-1559), French
magistrate and Calvinist: persecu-
tion of, 9, 149; trial of, 150
Bourg, Antoine du (ca. 1500), French
chancellor: influences Francis I of
France, 9, 142
Bourges, The King of: see Charles
VII, King of France
Bourke, Sir Richard (1777-1855), Irish
general in British service: his ad-
ministration as governor of New
South Wales, 20, 185, 189
Bourmont, Louis Auguste Victor,
Comte de Ghaisne de (1773-1846),
French soldier and politician: made
member of the council, 9, 388; his
Algerian expedition, 14, 433
Bourn (ca. 1650), English admiral: in
the war with Dutch, 13, 230
Bournonville, Prince of (ca. 1650),
German general: defeated at battle
of Ensheim, 9, 211
Boutwell, George L. (1818 ),
American politician: in Grant's Cab-
inet, 24, 862
Bouvet, Joachim (1662-1732), French
missionary to China, 6, 77
Bouvines, France: battle of (1214),
9, 77, 11, 126, 13, 29
Boves, Jose Tomas (1 770-1814), Span-
ish partizan chief: sketch of, 21,
62
Bovianum, Italy: captured by the
Romans (305 B. C), 3, 71
Bowdoin, James (1727-1790), Amer-
ican politician: calls out the militia
in Shays's Rebellion, 23, 316; mem-
ber of Massachusetts ratifying con-
vention, 336
Bower, Walter (1385-1449), an Eng-
lish writer: sketch of, 12, 309
Bowides, a Persian dynasty of 10th
and nth centuries: usurp Persian
throne, 1, 365
Bowie, James (1790-1836), an Amer-
ican soldier: at battle of Mission
Conception, 24, 533; death, 534
Bowling Green, Kentucky: Confeder-
ates hold, 24, 742; Confederates
abandon, 745
Bowring, Sir John (1792-1872), Eng-
lish statesman, traveller and lin-
guist: minister to China, 6, 157
Boxers, The, Chinese semi-religious,
semi-social society: commits out-
rages, 6, 280, 296, 298, 311, 318, 7,
279. 15, 354, 24, 1047
Boy Bachelor, The: see Wolsey,
Thomas
Boy Popes: see John XII and Bene-
dict IX
Boyaca, Colombia, South America:
battle of (1819), 21, 68
Boyd, Earl of Arran (ca. 1450), Scot-
tish chief: disgraced, 12, 296
Boyd, John Parker (1 768-1 830),
an American general: captures Fort
George, 23, 425
Boyer, Jean Pierre (1776-1850), Hay-
tian creole: becomes ruler of Hayti,
22, 496
Boyle (ca. 1490), Spanish monk: leads
plot against Columbus, 21, 10
Boyne, eastern Ireland: battle of the
(1691), 9, 218, 11, 438, 12, 141
Bozerg, ancient Helvetia: battle of
(69 A. D.), 13, 33i
Bozzaris (Botzaris), Marco, Greek
GENERAL INDEX
115
patriot: born at Suli, in Albania,
about 1788; enlisted in the French
army about 1808, and served in sev-
eral campaigns; joined the Greeks
against the Turks, 1820; made a
general of the army of Western
Hellas, 1823; is especially noted for
his defense of Missolonghi, 1822-
1823; was killed in action near Car-
penisi, August 20, 1823
At Missolonghi, 2, 544
Brabangon, Duke of (ca. 1630), Bel-
gian noble: arrested, 13, 211
Brabant, Netherlands: suffers from
persecutions, 13, 77
Bracamonte, Gonsalvo de (ca. 1550),
Spanish general: his campaign in
the Netherlands, 13, 109
Braccio da Montone, Andrea (1368-
1424), celebrated Italian condot-
tieri leader: sketch of, 4, 253
Bracito, Mexico: battle of (1846), 22,
304
Braclav, Slovene prince, ca. 900 A. D.:
forms alliance with Svatopluk, 17,
35
Braddock, Edward (1695-1755), Brit-
ish general: defeat of, 9, 243, 11,
495, 20, 117, 23, 179
Bradford, William (1590-1657), Amer-
ican pioneer and historian: elected
governor of Plymouth, 23, 85; early
colonial author, 142
Bradley, Joseph P. (1813-1892), Amer-
ican jurist: member of the Electoral
Commission, 24, 913 note
Bradstreet, John (1711-1774), English
soldier: captures Fort Frontenac,
23, 190
Brady, Thomas Jefferson (ca. 1880),
American official: implicated in
" starroute " frauds, 24, 936
Bragadino (ca. 1560), Venetian gen-
eral: defends Famagosta against
Turks, 4, 309
Braganza, House of, reigning family
of Portugal: rules in Portugal, 8,
462
Braganza, Alfonso, Duke of (ca.
1450): created duke, 8, 312; leader
of discontented nobles, 319
Braganza, Constantino de (ca. 1550),
Portuguese noble: viceroy of the
Indies, 5, 151, 8, 458
Braganza, Joam, Duke of: see Joam
IV, King of Portugal
Bragg, Braxton (1815-1876), Amer-
ican soldier: at battle of Pittsburg
Landing, 24, 747; succeeds Beaure-
gard, 772,; operations in East Ten-
nessee, 783; blunder at Knoxville,
785; succeeded by Johnston, 786
Bragg, Edward Stuyvesant (1827
), American congressman:
quoted on popularity of Cleveland,
24, 945
Brahe, Count: death of, 16, 228
Brahe, Magnus (ca. 1800), Swedish
courtier: favorite of Charles (XIV)
John, 16, 259
Brahe, Count Niels (ca. 1630), Swed-
ish noble: at the battle of Liitzen
(1632), 16, 184
Brahe, Tycho (1546-1601), Danish
astronomer: sketch of, 16, 198; en-
couraged by Rudolf II of Germany,
18, 263
Brahma Samaj, the theistic church
founded by the Hindu religious and
social reformer Rammohun Roy at
Calcutta in 1830: rise of, 5, 87
Brahmans, Hindu priests: rise of, 5,
43, 76
Brahmaputra, Asia: description of the,
5, 8
Braila, Russia: siege of (1828), 14,
427, 15, 279
Brainard, David Legg (1856 ),
American soldier and Arctic ex-
plorer: explorations of, 16, 319
Bramham Moor, Wales: battle of
(1407), 11, 194
Brancaleone, Dandolo (d. 1258), Ital-
ian statesman: destroys fortifica-
tions of the nobles, 4, 211; reforms
of, 222
Branciforte, Marques de (ca. 1790),
Spanish noble: his administration as
viceroy of New Spain, 22, 223
Brancovan, Prince, Hospodar of Wal-
lachia (ca. 1700) : intrigues with
Russia, 14, 278, 15, 59; treachery
of, 15, 60; death of, 63
Brandenburg, Prussia: conquest of,
116
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
18, 107; given to Lewis, 190; se-
cured by Frederick of Hohenzol-
lern, 206
Brandenburg, Peace of, concluded be-
tween Austria and the Swiss Con-
federate League (1552), 13, 377
Brandenburg African Company, to fa-
cilitate trade (1681): founded, 19,
31
Brandis, Dietrich (b. 1824), German
scholar: father of Indian forestry,
5, 7
Brandon, Charles, Duke of Suffolk:
see Suffolk, Charles Brandon, Duke
of
Brandt, Enevold von (ca. 1760), Scan-
dinavian statesman: career of, 16,
241
Brandyse, Jiskra of (ca. 1500), Hun-
garian chief: leads Czechs against
Hungarians, 17, 159
Brandywine, Pennsylvania: battle of
the (1777), 11, 517, 23, 259
Brant, Joseph (1742-1807), a Mohawk
chief in the British service: at bat-
tle of Oriskany, 23, 254; commands
at Cherry Valley massacre, 297
Brasidas (d. 422 B. C), Spartan gen-
eral: at Salamis, 2, 290; wounded at
Pyls, 302; saves Megara, 310; cap-
tures Amphipolis and other places,
313; killed in battle, 317
Brask, Hans, Bishop of Linkoping
(ca. 1500), Scandinavian divine: ig-
nored by Gustavus Vasa, 16, 155; at
the diet of Vesteraas, 157
Bra valla, Denmark: battle of, 16, 18
Bravest of the Brave, The: see Ney,
Michel
Bravo, Gonsalez (ca. i860), Spanish
intriguer: administration of, 8, 508
Bravo, Leonardo (ca. 1800), Mexican
leader: death of, 32, 244 note
Bravo, Miguel (ca. 1800), Mexican
leader: in the Hidalgo rebellion, 22,
243
Bravo, Nicolas (1787-1854), a Mex-
ican general: takes Palmar, 22, 244
note; made member of triumvirate,
258; member of provisional govern-
ment, 264; declared vice-president
of Mexico, 264; leads rebellion
(1827), 266
Brazil, a division of South America:
discovery of, 5> *47, 8, 326, 459, 20,
43, 21, 15, 23, 43; exploration and
colonization of, 21, 29, 32; con-
quered by the Dutch, 13, 221; war
between the Dutch and Portuguese
in, 20, 60; conditions of the natives
under Spanish conquest, 91; wins
her independence, 8, 519, 534; co-
lonial government of, 21, 37; during
the revolutions of 1810-1826, 69;
annexes Montevideo, 120; empire
of, 21, 162; Jesuits expelled from,
98; growth of, 105; condition of
the Jews, 424; from 1876 to 1906,
248
Brazil-Argentina Boundary Dispute
(1895), 21, 265
Brazil-British Guiana Boundary Dis-
pute (1904), 21, 265
Brazza, Count Pierre Savergnan de
(1852 ), an Italian count and
African explorer: establishes Frerch
influence in Central Africa, 19, 50;
sketch of, 71
Brazzaville, Africa: founded, 19, 72
Bread Riot, The, a riot in Paris
(1789), 10, 93
Breakspear, Nicholas: see Adrian IV,
Pope
Breckenridce, John (ca. 1800): Jef-
ferson's letter to, regarding Louis-
iana Purchase, 23, 397
Breckinridge, John Cabell (1821-
I 875), an American politician and
soldier: nominated for Vice-presi-
dent (1857), 24, 653; nominated for
President (i860), 682; heavy loss at
Stone River, 774
Breda, Netherlands: captured by
Maurice of Orange (1590), 13, 156;
sieges of (1625), 207; (1637), 212
Breda, Declaration of, a manifesto by
Charles II of England issued from
Breda (1660), 11, 375
Breda, Treaty of, a treaty concluded
at Breda between England, Holland,
France and Denmark (1667), 9, 208,
11, 389, 13, 235, 20, 76, 87
Breda Conference, The, a conference
between representatives of King of
Spain and Prince of Orange (1574),
13, 119
GENERAL INDEX
117
Bredal (ca. 1735), Russian admiral:
commands fleet in Black Sea, 14,
309
Bredalbane, John Campbell, Earl of
(ca. 1692) : his mission to the Scot-
tish chiefs, 12, 353
Brederode, Henry de (1531-1568),
Lord of Vianen and Marquis of
Utrecht: sketch of, 13, 86; his ban-
quet to the confederates, 88; at the
Duffle Conference, 93; death of, 102
Breed's Hill, Massachusetts: battle of
(1775), 33, 232
Bregenz, Austria-Hungary: battle of
(1408), 13, 391
Breisach (Bnsach or Alt-Breisach),
Germany: sieges of (939 A. D.), 18,
no; (1637-1638), 289
Breitenfeld, Germany: battles of
(1631), 16, 181, 18, 280; (1642), 16,
187
Breitfeld, Switzerland: capitulates to
the French (1798), 13, 5"
Breitinger, Johann (ca. 1700), a pas-
tor in Zurich: attacks abuses of
aristocracy, 13, 475; sketch of, 489
Brember (d. 1388), mayor of London:
hanged, 11, 181
Bremen, a free city of Germany: a
member of the Hanseatic League,
18, 174
Bremer, Sir Gordon (ca. 1840), an
English admiral: blockades Canton,
6, 134
Brenneville, France: battle of (n 19),
9, 72
Brescia, Italy: founded, 3, 58; siege
of (1237), 4, 204; battle of (1401),
18, 199
Breslau, Prussia: taken by Frederick
the Great (1740), 18, 329; by the
Austrians (1757), 337; by the Prus-
sians (1757), 338
Breslau, Treaty of, a preliminary
peace signed by representatives of
Hungary and Prussia (1742), 11,
48S
Brestel (ca. 1865), a member of the
Austrian diet: financial reform of,
17, 402
Bretaute (ca. 1601), a Norman sol-
dier: story of, 13, 176
Breteuil, Baron de (ca. 1789), a
French politician: member of coun-
cil, 9, 263; of the ministry, 10, 56;
abandons his post, 15, 158; Cather-
ine's influence on, 161
Bretigni, Treaty of, a treaty between
England and France (1360), 9, 101,
xi, 166
Bretislav I, King of Hungary, 1037-
1055: reign of, 17, 64
Bretislav II, King of Hungary, 1092-
iiii: reign of, 17, 65
Breton Club, a French political club:
formed, 9, 269
Brewster, William (1 560-1644), leader
of Presbyterian refugees, 23, 84
Breydel, John, leader of insurrection
in Bruges (1302), 13, 31
Breze, Urbain de Maille (ca. 1635), a
French marshal: his campaign in
the Thirty Years' War, 9, 191, 13,
211
Brezenval, Baron de, commander of
the army of Paris 1789: imprison-
ment of, 10, 73
Brian Boru (Brian Borohma), an
Irish king: born 926; became king
of Munster 978(?) A. D., and over-
king of all Ireland, 1002; killed at
Clontarf, April 23, 1014
Career of, 12, 40
Briannicus, son of Claudius (d. 54 A.
D.) : Agrippina plots against, 4, 60;
put aside by Nero, 62; death, 63
Briar Creek, Georgia: battle of (1779),
23, 272
Bridge of Taillebourg, France: battle
of (1242), 9, 81
Bridgenorth, England: siege of
(1102), 11, 89
Bridgeport, Lord (ca. 1790), an Eng-
lish admiral: commands fleet
against the French, 9, 294, 11, 547
Bridgman, Sir Orlando (d. 1674), an
English jurist: directs public opin-
ion concerning Charles II, II, 380
Brie, colonel of the Basque regiment
in Uruguay 1843: his services in
South America, 21, 139
Briel, near Holland: captured by the
patriots, 13, 113
Brienne, France: battle of (1814), 9,
' 345
Brienne, fitienne Charles de Lome-
118
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
nie de (1727-1794), French politician
and prelate: made minister of
finance, 9, 258, 10, 32; takes oath of
loyalty to the nation, 10, 113
Brienne, Gauthier de, Duke of Ath-
ens (ca. 1355) : leads nobility, 9, 96
Brigand of Tuchino, The, a conspir-
ator who tried to usurp the Russian
throne 1606: sketch of, 15, 20
Bright, John (1811-1889), an English
Liberal statesman: leader of Anti-
Corn Law League, 11, 600; opposes
China War, 620; pleads for the
Manchester Martyrs, 13, 235; op-
poses Home Rule Bill, 240
Brigit, Saint (453-523 A. D.), a patron
saint of Ireland: sketch of, 12, 32
Brihuega, Spain: battle of (1710), 8,
399
Brindley, James (ca. 1770), an Eng-
lish millwright: plans Manchester
Canal, 11, 533
Brion, Pedro Luis (1783-1821), an ad-
miral of the Colombian navy: aids
the revolutionists, 21, 65
Brisach: see Breisach
Brisbane, Queensland: founded (1859),
20, 187; growth of, 196
Brisbane, Sir Thomas (1 773-1860), a
British general and astronomer:
governor of New South Wales, 20,
186
Brissac, Charles de Cosse, Count de
(1505-1564), French soldier: cam-
paigns in Piedmont, 9, 147
Brissot de Warville, Jean Pierre
(I754-I793). a French politician and
writer: leads Girondist party, 9,
272; petition drawn up by, demand-
ing the dethronement of the king,
10, 142; divides the emigrants into
three classes, 157; advocates rigor-
ous measures against the emi-
grants, 157; his speech respecting
abdication, 183; attacked by Robe-
spierre and Marat, 254; death of, 279
Bristol, England: stormed (1645), 11,
354
Bristow, Benjamin F. (1832-1896),
Secretary of the Treasury 1874: the
"Whiskey Ring," 24, 894; candi-
date for President (1876), 907
Britain: Caesar visits, 3, 304; invaded
and subjugated by Romans, 4, 59,
9, 9; further subjugation of, 75;
campaign of the Emperor Hadrian,
92; derivation of name, 11, 5; see
also England
Britain of the South: see New Zea-
land
British Bechuanaland: see Bechuana-
land Protectorate
British Central Africa: sketch of, 19,
214
British Cicero, The: see Pitt, William
(1708-1778)
British Columbia, Canada: admitted to
Canadian union, 20, 168; sketch of,
170
British East Africa Company, Im-
perial: founded (1888), 19, 132;
leases land, 139; sketch of, 182;
chartered, 183
British East India Company: see East
India Company, British
British Guiana, South America:
boundary dispute with Venezuela,
24, 1000
British Honduras: see Honduras,
British
British Kaffraria, Africa: annexed to
the Cape (1865), 20, 224
British National Antarctic Expedition
(1901), 16, 334
British North America Act, The
(1867), 20, 167
British North Borneo Company: char-
tered (1882), 20, 255
British Senate, The Cicero of: see
Canning, George
British Soldiers, The Battle of the:
see Inkerman: battle of (1854)
British Solomon, The: see James I,
and also Henry VII, Kings of Eng-
land
British South Africa: sketch of, 19,
214
British South Africa Company: work
of, 19, 228, 20, 230
British Sugar Act: see Sugar Act,
British
" Britons, The Groans of the," the
appeal of the Britons to Aetius, 11,
17
GENERAL INDEX
119
Brittany, a division of France: be-
comes part of France; II, 226
Brittany, Duke of: see Manclerc,
Pierre
Briznella, Fra Inigo de (ca. 1608), a
Dutch priest: his mission to Philip
III of Spain, 13, 187
Broadbottomed Administration, The,
the name given to the Pelham ad-
ministration (1744-1754), 11, 487
Brocart, a Jesuit missionary in China
(ca. 1722), 6, 77
Brock, Aeske (ca. 1448), a Danish
general: in the Danish revolt, 16,
130
Brock, Sir Isaac (1769-1812), a British
major-general: lieutenant governor
of Upper Canada, 20, 154; receives
Hull's surrender, 23, 420; death,
421
Broder (ca. 1010), Earl of the Isle of
Man: at battle of Clontarf, 12, 42
Brodersen, Abraham (d. 1402), coun-
selor of Queen Margaret of Den-
mark: execution of, 16, 124
Broglie, Achille Charles Leonce Vic-
tor, Due de (1785-1870), a French
statesman and peer: leads constitu-
tional party, 9, 358; leader of the
doctrinaires, 371; minister of public
instruction and worship, 396; in
Soult's ministry, 402; his ministry,
407
Broglie, Francois Marie, Duke of
(1671-1745), a marshal of France:
campaigns in Italy, 9, 236
Broglie, Maurice de (ca. 1780), Dutch
bishop: defends the rights of the
Catholic church, 13, 292
Broglie, Victor Francois, Duke de
(1718-1804), marshal of France:
made member of the ministry, 9,
263, 10, 56; in the Seven Years'
War, 18, 341
Bromsebro, Peace of, a treaty con-
cluded between Sweden and Den-
mark (1645), 16, 187, 201
Bronkhorst Spruit, South Africa: bat-
tle of (1880), 20, 230
Bronze Age, primitive age of man:
in Greece, 2, 22; Scandinavia in the,
16, 6
Brooke, Lord (ca. 1600), English ad-
ministrator: proprietor of Connecti-
cut Colony, 23, 92
Brooke, Sir Charles (1829 ), Eng-
lish statesman: rajah of Sarawak,
20, 255
Brooke, Sir James (1803-1868), Eng-
lish adventurer: sketch of, 20, 254
Brooke, John R. (1839 ), Ameri-
can general: his administration in
Cuba, 20, 329, 22, 463, 464; mili-
tary governor of Porto Rico, 24,
1036
Brookfield, New England: burned in
King Philip's War, 23, 97
Brooklyn, New York: election frauds
(1884), 24, 948
"Brooklyn," American war vessel:
in battle of Santiago, 24, 1030
Brooks (ca. 1890), English missionary
to China, 6, 298
Brooks, James (1810-1873), American
politician: censured by Congress,
24, 896
Brooks, Preston Smith (1819-1857),
American politician: assaults Sena-
tor Sumner, 24, 650
Broom, Dickon ot the: see Richard
(I) Coeur de Lion
Brotherly Love, City of: see Phila-
delphia, Pennsylvania
Brothers of the Sword, German asso-
ciation (ca. 1200) for the defense of
colonies, 18, 113, 261
Brougham, Henry Peter, Baron
Brougham and Vaux (1 778-1 868).
British statesman, orator, jurist and
scientist: made Lord Chancellor, 11,
587; his attitude toward Poland, 15,
296
Broughton, John Cam Hobhouse,
Lord (1786-1869), English politician
and writer: his account of the revo-
lutions (1807-1809), 14, 403 note
Broussel (ca. 1650), French councilor:
arrested, 9, 201
Brown, Admiral (ca. 1825), English
naval commander: aids Argentina
against Brazil, 21, 121; aids Uni-
tarian party, 123; blockades Monte-
video, 125
Brown, Albert Gallatin (1813-1880),
120
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
American Senator: quoted on the
necessity of slavery, 24, 591; fa-
vors resistance to government, 611
Brown, Benjamin Gratz (1826-1885),
American politician and journalist:
leader of liberal movement in Mis-
souri, 24, 890; nominated for Vice-
president (1872), 891
Brown, George (1818-1880), Canadian
politician and journalist: at the Que-
bec convention, 20, 165
Brown, George, Archbishop of Dublin
(ca. 1550), Irish Protestant: at-
tempts to spread Reformation, 12,
85
Brown, Jacob (1 775-1828), an Ameri-
can general: victory at Ogdensburg,
23, 422; in war of 1812, 424; directs
campaign on Niagara frontier, 425
Brown, John (ca. 1850), northern
scout in Civil War: aids slaves to
escape, 24, 617
Brown, John, of Ossawatomie (1800-
1859), an American abolitionist: at-
tacks settlers on the Ossawatomie,
24, 651; anti-slavery leaders in-
fluence, 671; raid of, 673; convicted
and hanged, 675; public sympathy
for, 675
Brown, Count Maximilian Ulysses von
( 1 705-1757), Austrian marshal: in
the Seven Years' War, 17, 244
Brown University, Providence, Rhode
Island: founded, 23, 140
Browne, John, leader of religious fac-
tion in Plymouth colony (1629):
sent back to England, 23, 88
Browne, Robert (1 550-1633), English
divine: founds the Separatists, II,
300
Browne, Samuel, leader of religious
faction in Plymouth colony (1629) :
sent back to England, 23, 88
Brownists: see Separatists
Brozils (ca. 1870), Bohemian painter:
sketch of, 17, 416
Bruce, Count (ca. 1770), Russian sol-
dier: at the battle of the Kagul, 15,
177
Bruce, David, King of Scotland: see
David II, King of Scotland
Bruce, Edward (d. 1318), Scottish ad-
venturer: invades Ireland, 12, 59,
282
Bruce, Sir Frederick (1814-1867),
English diplomat: arrives at Shang-
hai, 6, 169; presents ultimatum,
170
Bruce, Jacques Daniel Villiemovitch
(ca. 1700), Russian diplomat: nego-
tiations of, 15, 65, 68
Bruce, Peter Henry (1692-1751), Ger-
man officer: quoted, 15, 77
Bruce, Robert (1210-1295), Scottish
noble: claims the Scottish throne,
12, 271
Bruce, Robert: see Robert I of Scot-
land
Bruce, William Speirs (1867 ),
British Antarctic explorer: explora-
tions of, 16, 336
Brudence, James Thomas, Lord Cardi-
gan: see Cardigan, James Thomas
Brudence, Lord
Braderholz, Switzerland: battle of
(1499), 13, 418
Brue (ca. 1700), French explorer: his
explorations in Africa, 19, 32
Brueys d' Aigalliers, Frangois Paul de
(1753-1798), French naval comman-
der: commands fleet for Egyptian
expedition, 9, 306, 309
Bruges, Belgium: insurrection of
(1301), 13, 31; siege of (1789), 261
Bruges, John of: see John of Bruges
Bruges, Treaty of, a treaty concluded
between Edward of England and
Charles V of France (1375), 9, 105
Brugg, Switzerland: siege of (1444),
13, 401
Briihl, Count Henri de (1700-1763),
Saxon politician under Augustus
III: Bestuzhev's letter to, 15, 146
Bruinsburg, Mississippi: in Vicksburg
campaign, 24, 776
Brulart, Charles Alexis: see Sillery,
Marquis de
Bran, Rudolph (ca. 1350), German
leader: usurps governorship of
Zurich, 13, 375
Brunanburh, Northumbria, England:
battle of (937 A.D.), ix, 46, 12, 255
Brundisium, Italy: founded, 3, 108
Brune, Guillaume Marie Anne (1763-
GENERAL INDEX
121
1815), a marshal of France: his
campaign in Holland,' 9, 308, 10,
407; made marshal of the empire,
9, 322; joins Napoleon after his re-
turn, 10, 501; his campaign in
Switzerland, 13, 510; occupies Swed-
ish Pomerania, 16, 251
Brunei, a sultanate in Borneo: made
a protectorate of Great Britain, 20,
255
Brunhilda (d. 613 A.D.), Austrasian
queen: marries Sigibert, 9, 27;
sketch of, 18, 62
Brunkebjerg, Sweden: battle of (1471),
16, 134
Brunnbak, Sweden: battle of (1521),
16, 153
Bruno, Archbishop of Cologne (925-
965 A.D.) : vicegerent of Germany,
18, 113
Bruno of Carinthia: see Gregory V
Brunswick, Charles William Ferdi-
nand, Duke of (1721-1792), Russian
field-marshal: his campaigns against
. France, 9, 274, 287, 18, 338, 342, 372;
his efforts to liberate Germany, 18,
375, 377; death of, 390
Brunswick, Manifesto of, issued to
France in the name of the emperor
and the king of Prussia (1792), 10,
186, 187
Brusa, Asiatic Turkey: desired by
the Turks, 14, 15, 17; made Baye-
zid's capital, 45; sacked by Timur,
51
Brussels, Belgium, called Little Paris:
siege of (1695), 13, 245
Brussels, The Union of, a compact
concluded by the deputies of the
various estates of the Netherlands
(1577), 13, 126
Brussels Conference, The, a conven-
tion of representatives from Great
Britain, France, Germany, Italy,
Austria-Hungary, Belgium and Rus-
sia (1876), 13, 31 if 19, 62
Bruttians, a tribe of southern Italy:
conquests of the, 2, 418
Brutus, Decimus Junius (d. 43 B.C.),
a Roman general: raises a fleet for
use in Gaul, 3, 303; naval victories
in the Civil War, 341; plots against
Caesar, 4, 4; repairs to his govern-
ment in Cisalpine, II ; besieged by
Antonius, 13; death, 14
Brutus, Marcus Junius (85-42 B.C.),
a Roman politician and scholar:
joins plot against Caesar, 4, 4; calls
patriots to arms in Greece and
Macedonia, 11; his reception in
Greece, 17; at battle of Philippi, 18
Brutus, The Mountain: see Tell, Wil-
liam
Bryan, William Jennings (i860 ),
an American Democratic politician:
nominated for President (1896), 24,
1014, 1015; influences Democrats to
vote for ratification of treaty with
Spain, 1033; nominated for Presi-
dent (1900), 1037; protests against
gold standard in Democratic plat-
form, 1065; his activity in Demo-
cratic convention (1904), 1065
Bryant, William Cullen (1 794-1 878), a
noted American poet and author: in
American literature, 23, 481
Brydon, William (1811-1873), an Eng-
lish soldier in India: survives march
from Kabul, 5, 218
Bubenberg, Adrian von (ca. 1470),
leader of a faction in Burgundy:
favors Charles the Bold, 13, 406;
defends Morat, 408
Bubonic Plague: sketch of, 5, 282
Bucareli y Ursua, Antonio Marie de
(1717-1779), a Spanish general and
administrator: his administration as
viceroy of New Spain, 22, 208;
death of, 210
Bucephala, Asia: founded, 5, 68
Buchan (ca. 1690), a Scotch officer:
his campaign in Scotland (1690), 12,
353
Buchan, Earl of (ca. 1314), a Scottish
nobleman: defeated at Inverary
(1314), 12, 278
Buchan, Alexander, Earl of (ca. 1400),
brother of King Robert of Scotland:
rules Scotland, 12, 287
Buchan, David (1780-1839), a British
naval commander and Arctic ex-
plorer: explorations of, 16, 306
Buchanan, Franklin (1800- 1874), an
American naval officer in the Con-
122
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
federate service: commands frigate
"Tennessee," 24, 798; surrenders in
Mobile Bay, 798
Buchanan, George (1506-1582), a
Scottish historian and scholar:
sketch of, 12, 331
Buchanan, James (1791-1868), Presi-
dent of the United States, 1857-
1861 : attempts to negotiate with
Mexico, 22, 316; candidate for Pres-
idential nomination (1852), 24, 619;
letter to Pierce on annexation of
Cuba, 624; appointed minister to
England, 625; Ostend Manifesto,
628; attends English Court in citi-
zen's dress, 639; nominated for
Presidency, 653; election, 656; ad-
ministration, 657; Kansas policy of,
681; under Southern influence, 696;
speech to Congress (i860), 697; an-
swers to South Carolina commis-
sioner, 705
Buchanan, William Insco (1853 )
United States minister to Argentine
Republic: arbitrator in Chili- Argen-
tine dispute, 31, 261
Bucharest, Roumania: taken by Rus-
sians (1828), 15, 278
Bucharest, Treaty of, a treaty between
Russia and Turkey (1812): account
of, 14, 398, 407, 15, 219; ratified by
Treaty of Ackerman, 14, 422
Biichner, Max (1846 ), a noted
African traveller: explorations of,
19, 90
Buckeye State, The: see Ohio
Buckingham, Marquis of, lord-lieuten-
ant of Ireland, 1787-1790: adminis-
tration of, 12, 197
Buckingham, Edward Stafford, Duke
of (d. 1521), English nobleman:
executed, 11, 240
Buckingham, George Villiers, 1st
Duke of (1592-1628), an English
courtier and politician: his cam-
paign in France, 9, 185; growth of
his influence, 11, 312; attempts to
relieve Rochelle, 322; impeached,
322; assassinated, 325; sketch of,
393
Buckingham, George Villiers, 2nd
Duke of (1627-1688), an English
politician, courtier and writer: ne-
gotiates sham treaty with France,
11, 396; ambassador to the Dutch
Republic, 13, 239
Buckingham, Henry Stafford, Duke of
(ca. 1440-1483), an English politi-
cian: aids Richard III to win throne,
11, 220; revolts against Richard III,
221
Buckner, Simon Bolivar (1823 ),
an American Confederate soldier:
at siege of Fort Donelson, 24, 744;
surrenders Fort Donelson, 745;
nominated for Vice-President
(1896), 1015
Bucquoi, Count of: see Buquoi, Count
of
Buda (now Budapest), the capital of
Hungary: Buda and Pesth con-
quered by Suleiman the Great, 14,
152; taken by the Magyars, 15, 300;
by the Turks (1526), 17, 169; siege
of (1540), 217; taken by the Hun-
garians (1848), 372; see also Pesth
Buda, Diets of: a diet which laid the
basis of representative government
in Hungary (1405), 17, 155; a diet
which voted subsidies for the war
with the Turks (1453), 160
Buddenbrock, General (d. 1742), a
Swedish leader against the Rus-
sians: execution of, 16, 228
Buddha, the title of Gautama (Gota-
ma) or Siddhartha, the founder of
Buddhism: the date of his birth is
variously estimated, 1027 B.C. be-
ing accepted in China, 753, 687, and
537 B.C., being mentioned by other
Northern Buddhists, and 622 B. C.
being the date usually fixed by the
Southern Buddhists; he was born
in the country and tribe of the
Sakhyas at the foot of the Nepa-
lese Himalayas; at the age of seven-
teen he married his cousin Yasod-
hara; immediately after the birth of
his son and when he was twenty-
nine years old, he assumed the dress
of a beggar and attached himself to
first one religious teacher and then
another; after seven years he be-
lieved himself possessed of perfect
truth, assumed the title of Buddha,
the Enlightened, and began to
GENERAL INDEX
123
preach; it is generally agreed he
lived to be eighty
Rise of, 5, 56; image of, built, 7,
32
Buddhism, the religion founded by
Buddha: in India, 5, 56; in Burma,
65, 210; in China, 6, 13, 14, 23; in-
troduced into Japan, 7, 14
Buduen, Luis Yero (ca. 1900), Cuban
politician: chosen Secretary of the
Interior, 22, 468
Budweiss, Bohemia: sieges of (1451),
17, 144; (1614), 202
Buell, Don Carlos (1818-1898), Amer-
ican general: commands forces at
Louisville, 24, 743; at battle of
Pittsburg Landing, 747; sent to
Chattanooga, 773; succeeded by
Rosecrans, 773
Buena Vista, Mexico: battle of (1847),
22, 309, 24, 548
Buenos Ayres, Argentine Republic:
founded, 20, 92, 21, 25; made capi-
tal of the viceroyalty of La Plata,
40; rebels against Spanish authority,
57; occupied by the British (1806),
20, 30, 143; blockaded by an Eng-
lish squadron (1804-1807), 21, 57;
blockaded by French and English
fleets (1845), 126; siege of (1852),
128; growth of, under Dr. Obligado,
128; scourged with the cholera
(1867), 132; yellow fever epidemic
(1871), 134; rises in behalf of the
Nationalists, 256
Buenos Ayres, Treaty of, concluded
between Brazil, Argentine Confed-
eration and Uruguay against Para-
guay (1865), 21, 157
Buffalo, New York: taken by the
British (1814), 20, 154; Canadian
insurrection aided by volunteers in,
2 3. 515; political convention (1848),
3 4, 558; Lincoln makes speech at,
706; popular respect to Lincoln's
remains, 827; Cleveland elected
mayor, 945; McKinley shot during
Exposition at, 1049
Buford, Colonel (ca. 1850), American
soldier: attempts to colonize Kan-
sas (1856), 24, 647
Bugancy, France: battle of (1870),
464
Bugeaud de la Piconnerie, Thomas
Robert (1 748-1849), French marshal
and military writer: his campaigns
in Algiers, 9, 423; in revolution of
1848, 433
Bukharest: see Bucharest
Bukowina (Bukovina), Austria-Hun-
gary: Rumanian element in, 17, 8;
occupied by the Dacians, II J ac-
quired by Austria, 249
Bulgak (d. 1838), prelate of Greek
Catholic church: death of, 15, 297
Bulgakov (ca. 1780), Russian diplo-
mat: treatment of, 15, 184
Bulgaria, principality of Europe: an-
nexed to Ottoman Empire, 14, 34,
*7> 155; account of troubles in, 14,
476; claimed by the emperor, 17,
231
Bull of Alexander VI: see Demarca-
tion, Line of
Bull Run, Virginia: battles of (1861),
24, 734; (1862), 763
Buller, Sir Redvers Henry (1839 ),
British general: his campaign in
South Africa, II, 641; relieves Lady-
smith, 20, 233
Bull-fights: in ancient Spain, 8, 5
Bullinger, Henry (1504-1575), Swiss
reformer and historian: becomes
chief pastor of the church of Zurich,
13, 445
Bulnes, Manuel (1799-1866), a Chilian
general and statesman: his adminis-
tration as president of Chili, 21,
218
Btilow, Friedrich Wilhelm von (1755-
1816), a Prussian general: cam-
paign against French, 10, 501, 18,
383, 390; envoy to the London Con-
ference, 13, 300; in the Slesvig-
Holstein War, 16, 271
Buluwayo, British South Africa:
growth of, 19, 233
Bulwer, Sir Henry Lytton (1801-
1872), English diplomat, politician
and writer: negotiates Clayton-Bul-
wer Treaty, 24, 612
Bulwer-Clayton Treaty: see Clayton-
Bulwer Treaty
Bunau-Varilla, M. (ca. 1900), South
American diplomat: received as
minister from Panama, 24, 1060
1U
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Bundschuh, The, a league of Southern
German peasants who rose against
the nobles and clergy (1524), 18,
229
Bunker Hill, Massachusetts: battle of
(1775), 11, 516, 23, 232
Buntofden, General (ca. 1800), Prus-
sian general: his campaign against
Napoleon, 9, 329
Buntzen, Committee of, formed by
Conservative party in Switzerland
(1840), 13, 547
Bunyan, John, an English writer:
born at Elstow, near Bedford, Eng-
land, November, 1628 (baptized, No-
vember 30) ; learned the tinker's
trade; served in the Parliamentary
army about 1645; married at the
age of twenty; joined the Noncon-
formists, 1653; moved to Bedford,
1655, and began to preach; was ar-
rested on charge of holding serv-
ices, 1660, and confined in Bedford
County Jail until 1672; was again
imprisoned for six months in 1675
and during this time wrote " Pil-
grim's Progress "; died in London,
August 31, 1688
Sketch of, 11, 391
Buol-Schauenstein, Karl Ferdinand,
Count von (1797-1865), Austrian
statesman and diplomat: his nego-
tiations in the Crimean War, 17,
383; demands disarmament of Aus-
tria, 385
Buonarotti, Michael Angelo, an Italian
painter, sculptor, and architect: born
at Caprese, Italy, March 6, 14745
went to a grammar school; was ap-
prenticed to the painter Ghirlandajo,
1488; became a favorite of Lorenzo
de' Medici; came under the influence
of Savonarola, 1491; was in Bologna,
1494-1495; was ordered by Pope
Julius II to build his mausoleum and
later to adorn the Sistine Chapel
with frescos; worked on the Vati-
can; under Clement VII, he began
to build the library and chapel of
San Lorenzo at Florence; was ap-
pointed architect of Saint Peter's
Church, 1546, and devoted the rest
of his life to this work; completed
the Farnese palace, and erected
some .buildings on the Capitoline
Hill, Rome; died in Rome, February
18, 1563
His effect on the Renaissance, 4,
284; reaches the height of his fame,
296
Buonas, Switzerland: battle of (1336),
13, 373
Buonhomo (ca. 1580), Italian prelate:
his mission to Switzerland, 13, 457
Buquoi (Bucquoi), Count of (ca. 1600),
Spanish soldier: his campaign in the
Netherlands, 13, 182; his campaign
in Bohemia, 17, 203
Burchard Episode, in the Blaine cam-
paign (1884), 24, 946
Burdett, Sir Francis (1770-1844), an
English politician: his reform pro-
posals, 11, 583
Bureau of Indian Affairs: see Indian
Affairs, Bureau of
Burgesses, House of (Virginia As-
sembly) : first legislature in Amer-
ica, 23, 62; condition under Berke-
ley, 64; first summoned, 120; op-
poses Stamp Act, 211; appoints a
committee of correspondence, 217
Burgevine (ca. i860), American ad-
venturer: in China, 6, 195
Burgh, Hubert de (d. 1243), English
statesman: defends Dover Castle,
11, 129; sends out fleet which de-
feats French, 130; dismissed from
office and arrested, 131
Burgh, Walter Herssey (ca. 1780),
Irish politician: proposes the free
trade bill, 12, 183
Burgisser, Leodegar, Abbot of Tog-
genburg (ca. 1700), Swiss prelate:
sketch of, 13, 479
Burgo, Richard de (d. 1243), Irish
baron: his campaign against Ed-
ward Bruce, 12, 59
Burgo, William de (ca. 1170), English
governor in Ireland: appointed vice-
roy of Ireland, 12, 53
Burgos, Spain: battles of (1054), 8,
141; (1808), 9, 334
Burgoyne, John (1722-1792), an Eng-
lish soldier and dramatist: cam-
paigns in Spain, 8, 473; in America,
11, 517; arrives at Boston, 23, 231;
GENERAL INDEX
125
captures Ticonderoga, 252; at battle
of Saratoga, 12, 181, 20, 128, 23,
255; surrenders, 23, 256
Burgundians (Burgundiones), a Ger-
manic tribe: settle in Transylvania
and Hungary, 17, 14; location of,
18, 6; migration of, 28; defeated by
Clovis, 47
Burgundy, a province of western Eu-
rope: incorporated in the Frankish
Kingdom, 18, 48; formation of king-
dom of the, 98; attached to the em-
pire, 126; independent of Germany,
139; account of, 216
Burgundy, House of: power of, 13, 36
Burgundy, John the Fearless, Duke
of: see John the Fearless, Duke of
Burgundy
Burgundy, Philip the Bold, Duke of:
see Philip the Bold, Duke of Bur-
gundy
Burial Customs: in ancient Ireland,
12, 10; among Indians, 23, 10
Buriana, Spain: siege of (1233), 8,
241
Buridan of Ypres (d. ca. 1384), a
Flemish Knight: at battle of Bou-
vines, 13, 29
Burke (d. 1882), an official of Dublin
Castle: murder of, 12, 239
Burke, Edmund, a British statesman,
orator and writer called the Din-
ner Bell: born in Dublin, Ireland,
January 1, 1729 (O. S.); graduated
at Trinity College, Dublin, 1748;
studied law at the Middle Temple,
London, 1748-1751; elected to Par-
liament, 1766; appointed agent of
the Colony of New York, 1771;
made his speech on " American
Taxation," 1774; the one on " Con-
ciliation," 1775; and that "On the
Economical Reform," 1780; was a
privy-councilor and paymaster-gen-
eral, 1782-1783; conducted the im-
peachment of Warren Hastings,
1786-1795; received a pension from
the king, 1795; died July 9, 1797
Supports repeal of Stamp Act, II,
509, 23, 214; proposes reforms in
Parliament, 11, 519; denounces
French Revolution, 540; opposes
Irish policy of the English Gov-
ernment, 12, 181; speech in behalf
of rights of colonists, 23, 213
Burke, Mac William (ca. 1540), Earl
of Clanrickard: made Earl, 13, 83
Burkhard, Duke of Suabia, 917 A. D.:
founds dukedom, 13, 342; acknowl-
edges Henry I, 18, 105; his cam-
paign in Italy, 114
Burkhard (d. 907 A. D.), Duke of
Thuringia: death of, 18, 100
Burlingame, Anson (1820- 1870), an
American diplomat and politician:
negotiates treaty with China, 6, 221,
24, 919
Burlington, New Jersey: settled, 23,
109
Burma, Asia, part of British Empire:
description of, 5, 16, 210; Buddhism
in, 65; ceded to England, 6, 252, 20,
251
Burmese War, First, a war between
England and Burma (1824-1826):
cause, 5, 210; Treaty of Yandabu,
212; results, 212
Burmese War, Second, a war between
England and Burma (1852): cause,
5, 226; results, 227
Burnes, Sir Alexander (1805-1841), a
British geographer and traveller in
Asia: his mission to Afghanistan, 5,
216; assassination of, 217
Burnet, Gilbert (1643-1715), Bishop
of Salisbury, an English prelate,
historian and theologian: leads
English malcontents, 13, 243;
quoted, 15, 35
Burnett, David G., an American poli-
tician: elected president of Texas
(1832), 24, 534
Burnonville, Duke of (ca. 1633), a Bel-
gian conspirator: plots for over-
throw of Spanish power in Belgium,
13, 211
Burns, Robert (1759-1796), a famous
Scottish lyric poet: sketch of, 11,
576
Burnside, Ambrose Everett, an Ameri-
can military officer and politician:
born in Liberty, Ind., May 23, 1824:
graduated at West Point, 1847;
served in the war with Mexico as a
lieutenant of artillery, 1847-1848; on
frontier duty in New Mexico, 1849-
126
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
1850; member of Mexican Boundary
Commission, 1851-1852; manufac-
turer at Bristol, R. I., of a breech-
loading rifle which he had invented,
1853-1858; cashier of land depart-
ment Illinois Central Railroad, 1858-
1859; treasurer of the same com-
pany, 1860-1861; served as colonel
of the Rhode Island volunteers,
1861; appointed brigadier-general
U. S. volunteers, 1861; and ma-
jor-general, 1862; was in com-
mand of the department of North
Carolina, 1862; in command of
Ninth Army Corps at Newport
News and Fredericksburg, 1862; in
command of the Army of the Po-
tomac, November 7, 1862 to Jan-
uary 28, 1863; in command of the
department of Ohio, 1863; in com-
mand of Ninth Army Corps in Rich-
mond campaign, 1864; resigned from
volunteer service, April 15, 1865;
civil engineer, 1865-1866; president
of Cincinnati and Martinville Rail-
road Company, 1865, of Rhode Is-
land Locomotive Works, 1866, and
of the Indianapolis and Vincenne.
Railroad Company, 1867; Governor
of Rhode Island, 1866-1869; United
States senator, 1875-1881; died in
Bristol, R. I., September 13, 1881
Succeeds McClellan, 24, 766, 769
sketch of, 769; resigns, 770; at-
tacked at Knoxville, 785; orders ar-
rest of Vallandigham, 816
Burr, Aaron (1756-1836), an American
politician: candidate for Vice-Presi-
dent (1792), 23, 357; (1796), 370;
(1800), 381; schemes for Presidency
382; nominated governor, 402; duel
with Hamilton, 402; conspiracy of
403
Burra-Burra Mines, Australia: discov-
ered (1845), 20, 195
Burrhus, Afranius (d. 63 A.D.), a Ro-
man officer: maintains claims of
Nero to the throne, 4, 62; death, 64
Burrough, Stephen (ca. 1550), English
navigator: explorations of, 16, 301
Burton, Henry (1579-1648), English
theologian: trial of, 11, 333
Burton, Sir Richard Francis (1821-
1890), noted English explorer and
writer: arouses an interest in Africa,
19. 59
Busaco, Portugal: battle of (1810), 8,
486, 9, 338
Busacz, Peace of, concluded between
Poland and Turkey (1672), 14, 245
Busby, James (ca. 1825), British ad-
ministrator: appointed resident mag-
istrate in New Zealand, 20, 211
Bush, Elise (ca. 1650), Russian ex-
plorer: explorations of, 16, 305
Bushire, southern Persia: stormed
(1856), 5, 363
Bushiri ben Salim (d. 1889), a mulatto
Arab of East Africa: leads insurrec-
tion, 19, 140; death of, 141
Bussorah: see Bassora
Bustamante (ca. i860), statesman of
Ecuador: policy of, 21, 115
Bustamante, Anastasio (1780-1853),
Mexican politician and soldier: de-
clared Vice-President of Mexico, 22,
268; leads revolt, 269; crushes re-
bellion in Guanajuato, 380
Bustamante, Carlos Maria (1774-
1848), Mexican statesman and his-
torian: work of, 22, 219
Bustos (ca. 1825), politician of Argen-
tine Republic: opposes Rivadavia,
21, 121
Butcher, The Bloody: see Cumber-
land, Augustus, Duke of
Butcher, The Royal: see Henry VIII,
King of England
Butcher of Vassy, The: see Guise,
Frangois, Duke of
Butcher's Dog, The: see Wolsey,
Thomas
Butchery of Eperies (1687), to bring
Hungary under submission to Leo-
pold of Germany, 17, 230
Bute, John Stuart, Earl of (1713-1792),
British statesman: ministry of, n,
505, 15, 149; resigns, 11, 506
Buteniev (ca. 1830), Russian ambassa-
dor to Turkey: the sultan appeals
to, 15, 290
Butler (ca. 1850), English adventurer:
aids Turkey, 15, 309
Butler, Andrew Pickens (1796-1857),
GENERAL INDEX
127
an American politician: Sumner
criticises, 24, 650
Butler, Benjamin Franklin (1818-
1893), American lawyer, politician
and general: at battle of Bull Run,
2 4, 734J takes possession of New
Orleans, 752; at Fort Fisher, 808;
at trial of President Johnson, 852;
nominated for President (1884),
946
Butler, Sir Edmond (ca. 1300), Anglo-
Irish nobleman: lord justice of Ire-
land, 12, 59
Butler, John (d. 1794), American Tory
commander: at massacre of Wyo-
ming Valley, 23, 296
Butler, Joseph (1692-1752), English
prelate and theologian: publishes his
" Analogy," 11, 493
Butler, Matthew Calbraith (1836 ),
American general and senator:
member of Spanish-American com-
mission, 22, 463
Butler, Pierce (1798-1847), American
statesman: in first Congress, 23, 343
Butler, Samuel (1612-1680), English
poet: sketch of, II, 391
Butler, Simon (ca. 1790), Irish politi-
cian: member of the United Irish-
men, 12, 201
Butler, Walter (ca. 1780), Tory com-
mander: permits massacre of Cherry
Valley, 23, 297
Butler, William Orlando (1791-1880),
American general and politician: in
the Mexican War, 22, 292
Butt, Isaac (1813-1879), Irish lawyer
and politician: becomes leader of
Constitutional party, 12, 236
Button, Sir Thomas (d. 1634), English
navigator: explorations of, 16, 304
Buturlin, General (ca. 1700), Russian
commander: at Narva, 15, 39; in the
Seven Years' War, 18, 342
Buwayid Dynasty in Persia (ca. 900
A.D.): reign of, 5, 328
Buxhovden, Friedrich Wilhelm, Count
von (1750-1811), Russian general:
his campaign against Russia, 15, 216
Buxton, Sir Thomas Fowell (1786-
1845), English philanthropist: agi-
tates slavery question, 11, 592
Buzot, Francois Nicolas Leonard
(1760-1794), French Girondist: in-
cites insurrection in the depart-
ments, 9, 284; demands trial of king,
10, 141; death of, 280
Byles, Mather (1 706-1 777), American
clergyman and poet: notable divine,
23, 139
Bylot, Robert (ca. 1600), English ex-
plorer: explorations of, 16, 304
Byng, John (1704-1757), British ad-
miral: defeats Spanish off the Sici-
lian coast, 8, 406; in the Seven
Years' War, 9, 244; fails to relieve
Minorca, 11, 496; his campaign
against the French, 13, 250; death
of, 11, 498
Byrd, William (1 674-1 744), American
lawyer: his diary, 23, 143
Byron, George Noel Gordon, Lord, an
English poet: born in London, Jan-
uary 22, 1788; lived in Scotland,
1791-1798; became the sixth Lord
Byron, 1798; was educated at Har-
row and at Cambridge; traveled in
Spain, Portugal, European Turkey
and Greece, 1809-1811; married Miss
Isabella Millbanke, January 2, 1815,
who left him after the birth of a
daughter; lived in Italy, 1816-1823,
but took an active interest in the
Grecian struggles; joined the Greek
forces at Cephalonia, 1823; became
commander-in-chief of forces at
Missolonghi, 1824; died April 19,
1824
At Missolonghi, 2, 542; sketch of,
11, 577
Byzantine Empire, the eastern divi-
sion of the Roman Empire, and
after 476 A.D. the Roman Empire
itself: breaking up of, 2, 535; its
struggle against Arab and Turk,
14, 4; see also Rome
Byzantium, European Turkey: site
fixed by oracle of Delphi, 2, 44;
founded, 82; taken by Pausanias,
222; revolts against Athens, and is
retaken, 260-261; second revolt from
Athens, 363; retaken, 367; joins the
Athenian League, 429; engages in
the Social War, 454; besieged by
Philip, 473; relieved by Phocion,
474; rise of, 513; made capital by
Constantine, 526; siege of, 4, 120;
see also Constantinople
c
Caamano, Placido (1838 ), an
Ecuadorian statesman: administra-
tion of, as ruler of Ecuador, 31,
244
Cabal (d. 1816), a South American pa-
triot: death of, 31, 65
Caballero, president of Paraguay,
1881-1886: rule of, 31, 260
Cabanas, Cuba: battle of (1898), 22,
459
Cabanis (ca. 1800), a French senator:
opposes Napoleon, 9, 319
Cabinda, West Africa: plundered and
destroyed (1723), 19, 36
Cabinet, United States: origin, 23,
345
Caboche, John (ca. 1410), leader of a
corps of butchers in the service of
John of Burgundy, 9, ill
Cabot, George (1751-1823), an Amer-
ican politician: member of Massa-
chusetts ratifying convention, 23,
336; first Secretary of the Navy,
375; president of the Hartford con-
vention, 431
Cabot, John, an Italian merchant and
navigator in the English service:
date of birth unknown, but he was
probably a native of Genoa; became
a citizen of Venice, 1476, after a
residence of fifteen years; after-
wards he moved to Bristol, Eng-
land; commanded a fleet of five ves-
sels in a search for the Northwest
Passage, 1497; nothing is heard of
him after 1498, so he is supposed to
have died about that time
Searches for the Northwest Pas-
sage, 5, 156; voyages of, II, 230,
20, 49, 31, 15, 23, 34, 35
Cabot, Sebastian, an English naviga-
tor of Italian parentage, son of
John Cabot: born in Bristol, Eng-
land, 1477; accompanied his father
on his voyage to America, 1497; vis-
ited the North American coast,
1503; searched for the Northwest
Passage, 1517; entered the service of
Charles V, Holy Roman emperor,
1518; explored the Plata, the Parana,
and the Paraguay Rivers, 1526-
1530; returned to England, 1546,
when Edward VI granted him a
pension; he was influential in pro-
moting English commercial enter-
prises; died in London, 1557
Searches for the Northwest Pas-
sage, 5, 156; his expedition to the
Arctic regions, 16, 300; explorations
of, 19, 19, 21, 15, 23, 34; later
career, 23, 35; enters the Spanish
service, 20, 92
Cabral, Costa (ca. 1847), Count of
Thomar and president of Portu-
guese cabinet: desires the revival
of the Oporto charter, 8, 537
Cabral, Pedro Alvares (1460-1526), a
Portuguese navigator: his voyage to
India, 5, 147; discovers Brazil, 8,
326, 20, 43, 21, 15, 23, 43
Cabrera, Ladislas, leader of the Bo-
livian troops: at the battle of Ca-
lama, 21, 234
Cabrillo, Juan Rodriguez (ca. 1542), a
Portuguese explorer: explorations
of, 22, 109
Cacina: see Caecina
Cade, Jack (d. 1450), leader of a Kent-
ish rebellion: rebellion of, 11, 209;
death of, 210
Cadereita, Mexico: founded, 22, 163
Cadesia, Asiatic Turkey: battle of
(636 A.D.), 1, 260
Cadiz (Gades), Spain: founded, I,
118, 8, 12; first Phoenician colony
in Spain, 3, 92; admitted to full
1 For references not under C, look under K.
128
GENERAL INDEX
129
rights of Roman citizenship, 392;
captured by the Carthaginians, 8,
13; by the Romans, 18; by the Eng-
lish (1596), 11, 298; by the allied
forces (1702), 8, 391; by the Eng-
lish and Dutch, 13, 163; siege of
(1810), 9, 337
Cadmeia, the citadel of Thebes: seized
by Phoebidas, 2, 422; recovered, 425
Cadmus, the legendary founder of
Thebes: legend, 2, 27
Cadorna, Raffaele (1815-1897), an
Italian general: commands forces
against Rome, 4, 394
Cadoudal, Georges (1771-1804), a
French Chouan partisan and royal-
ist conspirator: capitulates, 9, 319;
plots against Napoleon's life, 321;
principal leader of the Chouans, 10,
375; conspiracy of, 455; execution
of, 455
Caecilius, Lucius (d. 285 B.C.), a Ro-
man praetor: at battle of Arretium,
3, 75
Caecina Alienus, Aulus (d. 79 A. D.),
a Roman general: finds difficulty in
obtaining permission to return to
Rome, 3, 366; supports claims of
Vitellius, 4, 71; his campaign against
the Helvetians, 13, 331; in Germany,
18, 20
Caedmon (d. ca. 680 A.D.), an Anglo
Saxon poet: his poems, 11, 38
Caedwalla, King of Gwynneld, ca. 628
A. D.: joins Penda, 11, 34; downfall
of, 35
Caen, France: siege of (1417), 11, 199
Caenza, Spain: siege of (1176), 8, 98
Caepio, Quintus Servilius (ca. 100 B.
C), Roman consul, 106 B. C. : his
campaign in Spain (140 B.C.), 3, 162,
attempts to transfer the courts back
to the senatorial order (106 B.C.),
186; at battle of Arausio, 193; op-
poses the passage of the Appuleian
laws, 200
Caere, Italy: conquered by Rome, 3,
60
Caesar, Caius Julius, a Roman soldier
and ruler, called The Father of his
Country: born in Rome, July 12, 100
B.C.; was proscribed for refusing to
divorce Cornelia, daughter of Cin-
na, 83 B. C, but through the influ-
ence of friends was pardoned;
served in the army in Asia Minor;
returned to Rome and was elected
quaestor, 68 B.C.; married Pompeia,
67 B.C., Cornelia having died the
year before; made aedile, 65 B. C,
and pontifex maximus, 63 B. C; ac-
cused of being connected with the
Catilinian conspiracy, 63 B. C; made
praetor, 62 B. C, and propraetor, 61 B.
C, serving in Spain; elected consul,
60 B. C; formed the first triumvirate
with Pompeius and Crassus, 60 B.C.;
conducted campaigns in Gaul and
Britain, 58-49 B.C.; commenced the
civil war, 49 B.C.; was dictator, 49-
45 B.C.; defeated Pompeius at Phar-
salia, 48 B.C.; under the influence
of Cleopatra of Egypt, 48-47 B.C.;
defeated Pharnaces, son of Mithra-
dates the Great, at Zela, 46 B.C.;
defeated the Pompeians in Africa at
Thapsus, 46 B.C.; retimed in tri-
umph to Rome; reformed the cal-
endar, 46 B.C.; offered the crown on
February 15, 44 B.C., but refused
it; assassinated, March 15, 44 B.C.
Commissions Aristobulus to drive
partisans of Pompey from Syria, 1,
408; sketch of, 3, 255, 362; prose-
cutes Doladella and Antonius, 266;
supports measures proposed against
the pirates, 270; elected pontifex
maximus, 279; restores the memory
of Marius to public honor, 279; at-
tempts to have conquest of Egypt
assigned to himself, 281; responsible
for safety of Catilinarian prisoners,
283; opposes execution of prisoners,
284; concerned in conspiracy of Ca-
tilina, 285; suspended from office,
287; growth of his power, 288;
forms the second coalition, 288;
elected consul (59 B.C.), 289; com-
pared with Pompeius, 311; in dis-
favor at Rome, 313; conference with
Crassus and Pompeius (56 B.C.),
315; breach with Pompeius, 325;
candidate for consul (48 B. C), 329;
recalled by senate, 331; sends his ul-
timatum to the senate, 332; crosses
the Rubicon, 333; resources of, 334;
ISO
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
campaigns of, in East, 345; in
Egypt, 352; in Gaul, 3, 292, 9, 8, 11,
6, 18, 10; in Britain, II, 7; in
Spain, 3, 340, 8, 22; in the Nether-
lands, 13, 5; reforms of, 3, 364;
powers conferred on, 367; offered
the crown, 369; rule of, 370; reor-
ganizes the army, 374; his reforms
in the financial system, 376; his re-
forms in the city of Rome, 378; his
social reorganization of Italy, 380;
his reforms in debt laws, 386; in-
creases the farming class, 387; his
reforms in the provinces, 388; re-
vises the calendar, 395; death, 4, 3
Caesar, Lucius Julius, Roman consul
90 B. C: author of the Lex Julia, 3,
208; death, 223
Caesarea, Palestine: conquered by
Saracens, 1, 286
Caesarea Philippi: see Paneces
Cassarion or Caesario (Ptolemy XVI),
son of Cleopatra and Julius Caesar:
associated with Cleopatra as ruler
of Egypt, 1, 34; recognized by An-
tonius as son and heir of Julius
Caesar, 4, 24
Caesarius (ca. 850 A.D.), son of the
Duke of Naples: aids Rome against
Saracens, 1, 356
Cagigal, Francisco de (ca. 1750),
Spanish courtier: his administration
as viceroy of New Spain, 22, 200
Cagliari, Sardinia: founded, 3, 92;
siege of (1326), 8, 249
Cagui (ca. 1900), Italian explorer: ex-
plorations of, 16, 327
Cahera (ca. 1525), German priest: ap-
pointed administrator of the church
of Tyn, 17, 150
Cahina, queen of the Moors, ca. 700
A. D., united the Moors against the
Arabs, 1, 307
Cahokia, a tribe of North American
Indians, a branch of the Illinois: in
French claims, 23, 168
Cahors, France: taken by Henry of
Navarre, 9, 161
Caillie, Rene (1799-1838), French trav-
eller in Central Africa: explorations
of, 19, 42, 47
"Cain Patrick" (438 A.D.), a code of
laws free from pagan customs and
ordinances formulated by St. Pat-
rick and a Committee: 12, 29
Cainos, Francisco (ca. 1525), Spanish
noble: made member of the audien-
cia, 22, 107
Cairo, Egypt, called the City of Vic-
tory: founded, x, 35; growth of, 36;
taken by Selim I of Turkey, 14, 131
Cairoan, Northern Africa; founded, 1,
306
Caisse Patriotique, French national
bank: established, 10, 107
Cajetan (Cajetanus), Tommasso di
Vio (1469-1534), Italian cardinal and
scholar: his relations with Luther,
4, 300, 18, 236
Calah (Nimrud), Assyria: location of,
I, 64
Calais, France: sieges of (1346), 9, 95,
II, 162, 13, 34; (1558), 9, 148, 11,
275, 13, 70; (1596), 13, 163
Calama, Bolivia: occupied by Chili
(1879), 21, 234; battle of (1879), 234
Calat Afiosor (Calatanazar), Spain:
battle of (1001), 8, 78
Calatrava, Spain: battle of (736 A.D.),
8, 66; siege of (1212), 100
Calcinato, Italy: battle of (1706), 9,
222
Calcutta, British India: founded, 5,
166
Calcutta, Black Hole of, military jail
of Fort William: tragedy of, 5, 182
Caldas, Francisco Jose de (1771-1816),
Colombian naturalist: death of, 21,
65
Calder, Sir Robert (1745-1818), British
admiral: at battle of Ferrol, 9, 325;
at battle of Bay of Biscay, II, 556
Caldera, Chili: declared to be in a
state of blockade (1865), 21, 221
Calderan, Persia; battle of, 14, 125
Calderon, Rodrigo (ca. 1600), Spanish
adventurer: administration of, 8, 374
Calderon, Bridge of, Mexico: battle of
(181 1), 22. 239
Caldiero, Italy: battles of (1796), 9,
301; (1805), 326
Calendars :
ASSYRIA: system of eponyms, I,
72
BABYLON: division of time into
years, months, days, 1, 72
GENERAL INDEX
131
CHINA: Pere Verbiest's calendar,
6, 62
EGYPT: calendar by astronomy, 1,
52
FRANCE: republican calendar, 9,
288, 10, 281; Gregorian, 9, 327
GREECE: the "Olympiad," 2, 42
INDIA: calendar by astronomy, 5,
47
ITALY: Gregorian calendar, 4, 313
MEXICO: Aztec Calendar Stone,
22, 95
PERSIA: calendar of Omar, 5, 333
ROME: Julian calendar, 3, 395
Calhoun, John Caldwell, an Ameri-
can statesman: born in Abbeville
District, S. C, March 18, 1782;
graduated from Yale College, 1804;
studied at the Litchfield (Conn.)
Law School and was admitted to
the bar, 1807; member of Congress,
1811-1817; Secretary of War, 1817-
1825; Vice-President of the United
States, 1825-1832; United States
senator, 1832-1843; Secretary of
State, 1844-1845; member of the
Senate from 1845 to his death in
Washington, D. C, March 31, 1850;
he was always an advocate of the
slavery principles and was the au-
thor of the doctrine of nullification
In congress, 23, 417; advocates
tariff for the South, 438; favors in-
ternal improvements, 441; Secre-
tary of War, 460; candidate for Vice-
President, 461; compared with Clay,
461; feud with Jackson, 462; elected
Vice-President, 463; becomes advo-
cate of free trade, 472; argues state
sovereignty, 473; author of doctrine
of nullification, 491; incurs enmity
of Jackson, 493; loses renomination
for Vice-President, 498; Secretary of
State, 24, 535; opposes Mexican
War, 548, 554; introduces bill for
prohibiting circulation of abolition
literature, 577; quoted on necessity
for slavery, 591; introduces his fa-
mous resolutions, 595; summary of
his career, 603; his last speech in
Congress, 603; death, 605; refused
to recognize anti-slavery senators,
608; advised Mississippi to call a
Southern convention, 610
Calib ben Omar (ca. 880 A. D.),
Moorish chief: at war with Almond-
hir, 8, 75
Calicut, British India: taken by the
Dutch, 20, 61; first European fac-
tory founded at, 23, 25
California (means hot furnace and
called the Golden State), one of the
Pacific states of the United States:
visited by the followers of Cortez,
22, 62; exploration of, 73, 137; set-
tlement of, 183; revolutionary gov-
ernment established, 300; Sloat and
Stockton ordered to seize, 24, 548;
acquisition of, 549; ceded to the
United States, 552; discovery of
gold, 595; constitution adopted, 598;
recommended for admission, 598;
admission proposed in compromise
of 1850, 601; admission to the Union,
609; Presidential election of 1856;
656; sends aid to the Sanitary Com-
mission, 825; question of negro suf-
frage, 858; Presidential election of
1868, 861; influx of Chinese labor,
919; Kearneyism, 920; Presidential
election of 1880, 931; furnishes arms
to Chilian insurgents, 978; Presiden-
tial election of 1892, 992
Caligula, Caius (12-41 A.D.), Emperor
of Rome, 37-41 A.D.: orders his
image set up in temple at Jeru-
salem, 1, 410; character of, 4, 53;
reign of, 55; death, 58; condition of
Spain under, 8, 25
Calixtines, The, a sect of Hussites in
Bohemia: sketch of, 18, 207
Calixtus II (d. 1124), Pope, 1119-1124:
pontificate of, 18, 141
Calixtus III, anti-Pope, 1164: elected
by Frederick Barbarossa, 11, 102
Calixtus III (1378-1458), Pope, 1455-
1458: aids Hunyady, 14, 83
Callan, Ireland: battle of (1261), 12,
58
Callander, James T. (d. 1803), a
Scotch editor in America: prose-
cuted, 23, 377
Callao, Peru: surrendered to the revo-
lutionists, 21, 73; rising in (1835),
132
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
195; breakwater and jetty built, 203;
bombarded (1866), 207
Callao, Treaty of, a peace between
Spain and Peru (1865), 21, 204, 220
Calleja, Felix Maria (1 750-1 820), a
Spanish general: crushes rebellion
of Hidalgo, 22, 238; made viceroy
of New Spain, 245
Callender, Franklin D. (ca. 1840), an
American lieutenant: in the Mexi-
can War, 22, 345
Callias, an Athenian ambassador to
Sparta, 371 B.C., 2, 250
Callias of Chalcis (ca. 340 B. C), ally
of Demosthenes, 2, 473
Callibius (ca. 400 B.C.), a Spartan
Harmost: aids "the Thirty" at
Athens, 2, 384
Callicratidas (d. 406 B.C.), a Spartan
commander: in the Peloponnesian
War, 2, 370; killed at Arginusae,
372
Callimachus, an Athenian polemarch:
at Marathon (490 B.C.), 2, 166, 168
Callinicus (ca. 670 A.D.), an Egyptian
architect: teaches the Greeks to
make " Greek fire," 332
Callippus (4th century B.C.), a Greek
astronomer: murders Dion, 2, 416
Callixenus (4th century B.C.), a
Greek demagogue: impeaches the
strategi, 2, 374
Calmar, Sweden: taken by Gustavus
Vasa (1523), 16, 154; siege of
(1611), 176
Calmar, Union of: a union of the
Kingdoms of Sweden, Norway and
Denmark (1397), 16, 122
Calmar Recess of 1483, a document
declaring every man king of his own
dependents, 16, 144
Calmar War, The: a war between
Sweden and Denmark (1611-1612),
16, 174; results, 176
Calmucks, a branch of the Mongoli-
ans: migrate from Russia, 14, 338
Calonne, Charles Alexandre de (1734-
1802), a French politician: made
minister of finance, 9, 257, 10, 31;
joins royal exiles, 10, ^2.
Calpulalpam, Mexico: battle of (i860),
22, 383
Calpurnia, wife of Caesar: gives Cae-
sar's will and treasures to Antonius,
4, 6
Calvados, France: insurrection in, 10,
269; suppressed, 274
Calven, Switzerland: battle of the
(1499), 13, 419
Calvert, Charles: see Baltimore,
Charles Calvert, Lord
Calvert, George: see Baltimore,
George Calvert, Lord
Calvert, Leonard (1606-1647), English
colonizer: the first governor of
Maryland, 23, 69
Calvin, John (originally, Jean Chauvin
or Cauvin or Caulvin), a French
Protestant reformer and theolo-
gian, called the Reform Pope: born
at Moyon, Picardy, France, July 10,
1509; was destined for the priest-
hood and studied at Paris, Orleans,
and Bourges; met in 1528 Melchior
Wolman, a learned German Luth-
eran, who taught him Greek and in-
troduced him to the Gospel; obliged
to flee from Paris, 1533 and 1534,
because of his writings; lived in
Basel, IS3S-IS36; published his " In-
stitutes," 1536; fled to Geneva, 1536;
was banished from there, 1538, but
returned again, 1541, and was an
active worker from then until his
death in that city, May 27, 1564
Teachings of, 11, 276; sketch of,
13, 448; death of, 450
Calvinist of Rosny, The Iron: see
Sully, Maximilien de Bethune, Duke
of
Calvinists, followers of John Calvin:
sketch of, 13, 91; in Denmark, 16,
197; in Germany, 18, 259, 265, 293
Calvinus, Cneius Domitius, Caesar's
lieutenant in Pontus, 48 B.C.: at
battle of Nicopolis, 3, 354
Calvus, Gaius Licinius (82-47 B.C.),
a Roman poet and forensic orator:
orations of, 3, 319
Cam, Diogo (15th century), a Portu-
guese navigator: explorations of, 19,
18, 23, 25
Cam, Jayme (ca. 1480), a Portuguese
explorer: explorations of, 8, 323
GENERAL INDEX
133
Camarina, Sicily: taken by Gelo, 2,
217; restored, 220; taken by the
Carthaginians, 412
Cambaceres, Jean Jacques Regis de
(1753-1824), a French statesman and
jurist: appointed consul, 9, 315
made arch-chancellor of the empire
322
Cambodia, Asia: under French pro-
tection, 20, 273
Cambon, Jules (1845 ), a French
official: his administration of Tunis
affairs, 19, 262; Spanish government
makes overtures of peace through,
24, 103 1
Cambon, Pierre Joseph (1754-1820), a
French revolutionist: made member
of the committee of safety, 9, 285
Cambrai (Cambray), France: sieges
of (1581), 13, 136; (i595), 162
(1677), 241; (1794), 9, 289
Cambrai, League of, an alliance be
tween Louis XII of France, the em-
peror Maximilian I, Ferdinand of
Spain and Pope Julius II (1508), 9,
134, 13, 53, 18, 227
Cambray, Peace of, a treaty negoti-
ated between Francis I and Charles
V (1529), 4, 292, 9, 141, 13, 56, 18
246
Cambrensis, Geraldus (ca. 1180), a
Welsh priest: quoted on the Irisl.
harpers, 12, 9; secretary to John of
England, 54
Cambridge, Massachusetts: first print-
ing press in America in, 23, 143
Cambridge, George William Frederick
Charles, Duke of (1819 ), an
English general: in the Crimean
War, 15, 311
Cambridge Elm, the tree undei
which Washington took command
of the Continental troops, 23, 234
Cambyses (Kambyses) II or III
King of Persia, 529-522 B. C. : reign
of, I, 162; conquers Egypt, I, 32, 2
127; death of, 2, 128
Camden, South Carolina: battle of
(1780), 23, 274
Camden, Earl of: see Pratt, Charles
Earl of Camden
Camden, Marquis of: see Pratt, John
Jeffries
Camel, Day of the, 1, 246
Cameran (ca. 1654), a Brazilian In-
dian: leads rebellion against foreign
rule in Brazil, 21, 33
Cameron, James Donald (1833 ),
an American politician: member of
the Senate, 24, 916; urges Grant for
third term, 925
Cameron, Richard (d. 1680), a Scotch
Presbyterian minister: leader of the
Cameronians, 12, 348
Cameron, Simon (1799-1889), an
American politician: in Republican
convention, 24, 680; Lincoln's Sec-
retary of War, 708; hostile to Hayes,
915
Cameron, Verney Lovett (1844-1894),
an English explorer: his exploration
of Africa, 19, 59
Cameroons (Kamerun), The, Western
Africa: annexed by Germany, 19,
113; made a crown colony, 177;
condition of, 179; description of, 20,
300
Camorra, The, Neapolitan secret so-
ciety of the criminal poor, 4, 403
Camp Jackson, Missouri: captured by
Unionists, 24, 721
Campaigns, Political, in the United
States: 1840, 24, 522; 1845, 536; 1852,
621; 1856, 654; i860, 683; 1866 (Con-
gressional), 845; 1872, 893; 1884,
946; 1888, 966; 1892, 991; 1896, 1011,
1015; 1900, 1038; 1904, 1071
Campania, Italy: location, 3, 4; in
Rome's hands, 70
Campbell, Archibald, Marquis of Ar-
gyle: see Argyle, Archibald Camp-
bell, Marquis of
Campbell, Colin, Baron Clyde (1792-
1863), British field-marshal: his
campaign in Oudh, 5, 237, 238; in
the Crimean War, 15, 311; his ad-
ministration as governor of New
Brunswick, 20, 163
Campbell, George Douglas, Duke of
Argyll (1823-1900), Scottish states-
man and writer: sketch of, 5, 252
Campbell, Josiah A. P. (1830 ),
American jurist: mediator between
Lincoln and Southern committee,
24, 709; in Hampton Roads Confer-
ence, 809
134
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Campbell, William (1745-1781), Amer-
ican soldier: captures Augusta, Ga.,
23, 272; at battle of King's Moun-
tain, 279
Campeche, Mexico: founded, 23, 425
Campeggio, Lorenzo (1472-1539), Ital-
ian cardinal: illustrious scholar, 4,
299; papal legate to England, II,
246
Camperdown, Netherlands: battle of
(1797), 11, 548, 12, 208, 13, 266
Camperdown, Adam Duncan, Vis-
count: see Duncan, Adam, Viscount
Camperdown
Campero, Narciso (1815 ), Bo-
livian soldier and statesman: made
president of Bolivia, 21, 236
Campion, Edmund (1540-1581), Eng-
lish Jesuit and scholar: executed, 11,
292
Campo Basso, Count of (ca. 1477),
Neapolitan military adventurer:
treachery of, 13, 48
Campoformio, Treaty of, concluded
between France and Austria (1797),
4, 344, 9, 303, 10, 395, 11, 548, 13,
264, 14, 384, 17, 283, 18, 361
Campos, Arsenio Martinez (1834-
1900), Spanish general: Cuban gov-
ernor, 22, 455, 24, 1022
Camulodunum, England: founded by
Romans, 11, 9; massacre of Romans
at, 10; see also Colchester
Camus, Armand Gaston (1 740-1 804),
French revolutionist: at the meeting
of the Assembly (1879), 10, 53; pre-
sents the book of the constitution
to the national assembly, 151
Canaan, Palestine: origin of the name,
I, 117; history of, 374
Canada, confederation of provinces in
British North America: union of,
*I> 5955 organization of government
of, 629; work of the Jesuits in, 20,
97; ceded to England, 20, 120, 23,
198; effect of the American Revolu-
tion on, 20, 131; English rule in, 149;
trade thrown open to the world, 159;
invaded by American troops (1775),
23, 234; fugitive slaves trans-
ported to, 24, 672; interferes in seal
fisheries regulations, 979; Alaskan
boundary dispute, 1054; see also
New France
Canada, Mexico: battle of (1847), 22,
305 m
Canadian Insurrection: American sym-
pathy with, 23, 515
Canadian Pacific Railways, owned by
Canada: built, 20, 175
Canal, Leonardo (ca. i860), Colombian
leader: surrenders to the revolution-
ists, 21, 87
Canales (ca. 1840), Mexican general:
leads revolt, 22, 275
Canals :
B. C.
ca. 2250. Canals made by Hammu-
rabi, 1, 77
ca. 680. Several canals, the princi-
pal ones were Nohr Malka and
one which went from Borseppa
to Babylon, 1, 67
ca. 600. Attempted opening of
canal between Red Sea and Med-
iterranean, 1, 31
480. Canal through isthmus con-
necting Acte with Chalcidice, 2,
183
A. D.
ca. 7th cent. From the Nile to the
Red Sea, 1, 299
ca. 1375. Jumna canal, 5, 104
ca. 1465. From Peking to the Pei-
ho, 6, 32
ca. 1722. Ladoga, 15, 88
ca. 1722. Vishnevolotski, 15, 88
1761. From Worsley to Manches-
ter, 11, 533
1822. Caledonian, 12, 375
1825. Chesapeake and Delaware,
23, 442
1825. Erie, 23, 479
1826. Proposed Panama, 24, 1055;
1881, work on Panama begun and
dropped, 1056; 1904, actual con-
struction of Panama begun, 1062,
1084
1832. Gothia Canal, 16, 260
1832. Ohio, 23, 480
1847. Caledonian, 12, 375
1850. Chesapeake and" Ohio, 23,
480
1854. Ganges Canal, 5, 223
GENERAL INDEX
135
1869. Suez Canal, i, 39, 5, 138, 14,
467, 19, 56, 30, 224
1896. Huehuetoca, 22, 145, 149
1905. Work begun on canals in the
Punjab, 5, 289
Cananor, British India: taken by the
Dutch, 20, 61
Canary Islands, lying north-west of
Africa in the Atlantic Ocean: sketch
of, 19, 213; present government of
19, 248, 20, 299
Canby, Edward Richard Sprigg (1819-
1873), an American general: sent
against Modoc Indians, 24, 904;
death of, 905
Cancio, Leopoldo (ca. 1900), Cuban
statesman: chosen Secretary of Pub-
lic Instruction, 22, 468
Candia: see Crete
Candia, capital of Candia (Crete) :
sieges (962 A.D), 1, 367; (1669), 4,
325, 14, 242, 243; see also Crete
Candia (Crete), War of, between
Turkey and Venice (1648-1669):
cause, 14, 230; peace treaty and
result, 243
Candy, Ceylon: taken by the English
(1875), 20, 144
Canidius, lieutenant-general to An-
tony at Actium (31 B.C.): submits
to Octavius, 4, 26
Cannae, Italy: battle of (216 B. C), 3,
120
Cannibalism: in the Congo Free State,
19, 252
Canning, Charles John, Earl Canning
(1812-1862), English statesman: his
governor-generalship of India, 5,
230
Canning, George (1770-1827), English
statesman and orator, called the
Cicero of the British Senate: mem-
ber of Portland ministry, II, 559;
becomes Foreign Secretary, 573;
made Prime Minister, 581, 23, 447;
death of, II, 582
Canning, Stratford, Viscount Stratford
de Redcliffe (1786-1880), English
statesman: negotiations of, with
Russia, 5, 363; negotiations at Con-
stantinople, 11, 614, 14, 439, 443,
449. *5, 303; recalled, 14, 446; in
the Crimean War, 15, 304
Cannon, Joseph G. (1836 ), Amer-
ican congressman: speaker of the
House, 24, 1053; in Republican con-
vention (1904), 1062
Canonicus (1565-1647), Indian chief of
the Narragansett tribe: grants land
to Providence, 23, 94
Canopa, Egypt: battle of (1801), 9,
3i8
Canossa, Castle of, Italy: reconcilia-
tion of the Pope and emperor at, 18,
135
Canova, Antonio (1 757-1822), Italian
sculptor: sketch of, 4, 411
Canovas del Castillo, Antonio (1828-
1897), Spanish Conservative states-
man: assassinated, 24, 1023
Canrobert, Franc, ois Certain (1800-
1895), marshal of France: assists
schemes of Napoleon III, 9, 442;
in the Franco- Prussian War, 463;
commands French forces in Cri-
mea, 11, 616
Canseco (ca. i860), Peruvian insur-
gent: proclaimed president of Peru,
21, 205
Cantabres, early inhabitants of west-
ern Spain: description of, 8, 8
Cantacuzene, (ca. 1300-1383), Byzan-
tine Emperor and historian: recog-
nizes power of Orkhan, 14, 25
Cantemir, Prince Antioch (1708-1744),
Russian poet, diplomat and author:
accompanies Peter to Persia, 15,
79; sketch of, 86, 150
Cantemir, Demetrius (1673-1723), Mol-
davian historian: forms alliance with
Peter the Great, 14, 278, 15, 59, 63
Canterbury, Kent, England: sacked by
Northmen, 11, 42
Canterbury, New Zealand: founded,
20, 213
Canterbury, Archbishop of: St. Augus-
tine becomes the first, 11, 30; St.
Lawrence the second, 30
Cantii, State of, a Roman state in
Britain: formed, n, 6
Canto, General (ca. 1890), South
American Congressionalist: at the
battle of Valparaiso (1891), 21, 239
Canton, China: opposition to foreign-
ers in, 6, 126, 142, 147, 157; disputes
over opium trade in, 127; opened to
136
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
the British, 145; taken by the Brit-
ish, 6, 160, 162, 9, 449; made safe for
foreigners, 6, 168
Canton, Ohio: McKinley buried at, 24,
1049
Canulein Law, permitting marriage of
patricians with plebeians at Rome:
passed (445 B.C.), 3, 47
Canute the Great: see Knud (II) the
Great, King of Scandinavia and
Britain
Cape Agamos, Chili: battle of (1879),
21, 235
Cape Blanco, Africa: rounded, 19, 17
Cape Bojador, Africa: rounded, 19, 17
Cape Breton Island, off the coast of
Nova Scotia: settled, 20, 49; named,
81; retained by French, 23, 163;
ceded to the English, 20, 87, 23,
198
Cape Charles, Maryland: named, 23,
57
Cape Cod, Massachusetts: named, 23,
54
Cape Colony, South Africa: founded,
20, 62; growth of, 19, 51; captured
by the English, 5, 197; finally occu-
pied by the English (1806), 19, 38,
20, 139, 143, 221; government of,
220, 223; sketch of its history, 11,
630
Cape Finisterre, Portugal: battles of
(1747), 9, 240; (1805), 8, 484, 9, 326
Cape Frangois, Hayti: taken by the
French (1801), 20, 140
Cape Henry, Maryland: named, 23,
58
Cape May, New Jersey: named, 23,
102
Cape of Good Hope, Africa: discov-
ered, 19, 18; circumnavigated by the
Phoenicians, 20, 9; Vasco da Gama
doubles the, 20, 39, 23, 25
Cape St. Vincent, Spanish Peninsula:
battles of (1381), 8, 173; (1759), 9,
246; (1797), 8, 483, 11, 547
Cape San Juan, Africa: under Spanish
rule, 20, 299
Cape to Cairo Railroad, Africa: plans
for, 19, 230
Cape Town, capital of Cape Colony:
growth of, 20, 218
Cape Verde, Africa: doubled, 19, 17
Cape Verde Islands, off the coast of
Africa in the Atlantic Ocean: sketch
of, 19, 213; under Portuguese rule,
20, 298
Capel, Arthur, Earl of Essex: see
Essex, Arthur Capel, Earl of
Capet, surname of the kings of France
from 987 A.D. : origin of name, 10,
227 note
Capistran, St John (1 386-1456), Ital-
ian Franciscan monk: aids Hun-
yady, 14, 83
Capo d'Istria, Giovanni Anton (1776-
1831), President of Greece: elected,
2, 545
Cappadocia, eastern Asia Minor: as-
signed to Eumines, 2, 512
Captain, The Little: see George II,
King of England
Capua, Italy: captured, 3, 65; reduced
to a village, 131; blockaded by Sulla,
226; surrenders to Sulla, 228
Capuchins, a mendicant order of Fran-
ciscan monks founded in Italy
(1528): established in Switzerland,
13, 457
Caracalla, Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
(188-217 A.D.), Emperor of Rome:
reign of, 4, 102
Caracas, Venezuela: revolution in
(1810), 21, 55; entry of Bolivar
into, 61; occupied by the revolu-
tionists (1821), yy, insurrection in
(1829), 83
Caractacus (ca. 50 A.D.), a British
king: carried captive to Rome, 4,
59
Carafa, Father (ca. 1621), an Austrian
Jesuit: organizes the counter-refor-
mation in Bohemia, 17, 207
Caraffa, Antonio (d. 1693), an Italian
general in Austrian service: his ca-
reer in Hungary, 17, 230
Caraffa, Giovanni Pietro: see Paul IV
Caraguatay, South America: battle of
(1869), 21, 159
Caralis: see Cagliari
Caramania, Asia Minor: resists Otto-
man Turks, 14, 16; submits to Baye-
zid, 38; reinstated by Timur, 52;
reduced by Bayezid Pasha, 56; in-
surrection in, 61, 62; subdued, 84
Carausius, Marcus Aurelius Valerius
GENERAL INDEX
137
(d. 293 A.D.), a Roman insurgent:
deserts Roman cause, 13, 10
Carbo, Gaius, a Roman consul 120
B.C.: member of the land commis-
sion, 3, 178
Carbo, Gnaeus Papirius, Roman con-
sul 113 B.C.: at battle of Aquileia, 3,
193
Carbo, Gnaeus Papirius, Roman con-
sul 82 B.C.: member of conspiracy
against Sulla, 221; consul, 226
Carbonari, a secret society formed in
Naples (1808-1815) to oppose the
French rule: insurrection of, 4, 352;
Ku-Klux-Klan compared to, 24, 871
Carcassonne, France: siege of (506
A.D.), 8, 39, 9, 20
Carceres, President of Peru 1886-
1890: his administration as presi-
dent of Peru, 21, 242
Carchemish, ancient capital of the
Hittites (Jerablus) : revolts against
Assyria (717 B.C.), 1, 84, 142; bat
tie of (606 B. C), 32, 92, 399
Cardenas (ca. 1863), a Venezuelan
general: refuses to acknowledge
Falcon as president of Venezuela
21, 98
Cardigan, James Thomas Brudenel
Lord (1797-1868) an English gen
eral: leads charge of the Light
Brigade, 11, 616, 15, 315
Carduchians, a fierce tribe of Asia
Minor, 2, 390
Carew, Sir George (1555-1629), ar
English soldier and statesman: mad
president of Munster, 12, 100
Carey, William (1761-1834), an Eng
lish Orientalist and missionary in
India: missionary efforts of, 5, 171;
professor of Sanskrit in College of
Fort William, 202
Cargill, Donald (1619-1681), a Scotch
covenanting preacher: leader of the
Cameronians, 12, 348
Carham, Scotland: battle of (1018),
12, 256
Carians, Asia Minor: conquered by
Persia, 2, 125; joins Ionian revolt,
135
Caribert, Frankish king, 561 A.D.:
reign of, 9, 26
Carignan, Thomas Frangois, Prince of
(1596-1656): his campaigns in the
Thirty Years' War, 9, 191
Carillo, Martin, a Spanish Licenciado,
1566: appointed jueces perquisidores,
22, 125; sent to New Spain, 161
Carinthia, a division of Austria-Hun-
gary: united with Hungary and Bo-
hemia, 17, 4; German element in, 6;
Taurisci settle in, 11; annexed to
Bohemia, 74; surrendered to the em-
pire, 75; conquered by the Count of
Tyrol, 75; given to Menhard of
Tyrol, 100; invaded by Turks, 109;
under Napoleon, 300
Carisius (ca. 14 A.D.), a Roman gen-
eral in Spain: his campaigns in
Spain, 8, 25
Carleton, George (1559-1628), Bishop
of Llandaff: ambassador to The
Hague, 13, 196
Carleton, Sir Guy (1 724-1 808), a Brit-
ish soldier and administrator: at
siege of Quebec, 23, 194
Carlisle, England: fortified by William
Rufus, 11, 86
Carlisle, John Griffin (1835 ), an
American statesman: Speaker of
House, 24, 969; Secretary of the
Treasury, 993 note
Carlists, The, in Spanish history, the
partisans of Don Carlos and subse-
quent claimants under his title: re-
volts of (1833), 8, 497; (1851), 503;
(1859), 507; (1873), 513
Carlo Borromeo, Saint (1538-1584),
Archbishop of Milan: his reforms in
Milan, 4, 312
Carlo Felice (d. 1831), King of Sar-
dinia, 1821-1831; accession of, 4, 355
Carlomann, King of Italy, 877-881
A.D.: reign of, 4, 179
Carlos (Charles) I (1863 ), King of
Portugal, 1889 ; reign of, 8, 539
Carlos I, King of Spain: see Charles
V, Holy Roman Emperor
Carlos (Charles) II (1661-1700), King
of Spain, 1665-1700: accession of, 22,
173; reign of, 8, 380; death of, 9,
220, 13, 246, 18, 311; summary of
condition of Spain under, 8, 427
Carlos (Charles) III (1716-1788),
King of Spain, 1759-1788: birth of, 8,
405; invested with Naples and Si-
138
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
cily, 4, 332, 8, 409; accession to
Spanish throne, 8, 414, 22, 199; ex-
pels Jesuits from New Spain, 22,
204; summary of condition of Spain
under, 8, 429
Carlos (Charles) IV (1748-1819),
King of Spain, 1788-1808: reign of,
8, 481; abdication of, 9, 332, 21, 54,
22, 230
Carlos V, Don (Carlos Marie Jose
Isidoro de Bourbon) (1788-1855), a
pretender to the throne of Spain,
second son of Charles IV; rebellions
of, 8, 496, 497
Carlos VII, Don (Carlos Marie de los
Dolores Juan Isidoro Jose Fran-
cisco) (1848 ), Duke of Madrid, a
pretender to the Spanish throne:
claims throne, 8, 514
Carlos (1545-1568), a Spanish prince
son of Philip II of Spain: fate of
8, 372
Carlos: see also Charles
Carlotta (1775-1820), daughter of Car-
los III of Spain: marries Joam VI
of Portugal, 8, 418; intrigues of,
534
Carlowitz, Peace of, a peace concluded
between Austria, Poland, Russia,
Venice and Turkey (1699): account
of, 2, 539, 14, 268, 377, 17, 231, 18,
304; broken, 14, 287
Carlsbad, Congress of, a congress rep-
resenting Austria, Prussia and the
minor German states (1819), 18, 394
Carlsbad Decrees, a series of decrees
issued by the Congress of Carlsbad
concerning the censorship of the
press, of the universities, etc.,
(1819), 17, 322
Carlsen (ca. 1863), a Norwegian ex-
plorer in Arctic regions: circumnav-
igates the Spitzbergen group, 16,
315
Carlstadt, Andreas Rudolph (1480-
1541), a German reformer: visits
Copenhagen, 16, 191; his discussion
with Eck, 18, 237; joins Anabap-
tists, 242
Carlyle, Thomas (1795-1881), a Scotch
essayist and historian: sketch of,
II, 613
Carmagnola, Francesco Bussone
(1390-1432), an Italian condottiere:
leads the forces of Venice, 4, 250
Carmancho, a South American gen-
eral (ca. 1880) : made general-in-
chief of Bolivian forces, 21, 236
Carmarthen, Wales: captured by the
French, 11, 194
Carmarthen, Marquis of (1631-1712),
an English statesman: his relations
with Peter the Great, 15, 33, 71
Carmichael, William (18th century),
American statesman: minister to
Spain (1773), 23, 268
Carmona, Spain: sieges of (713 A.D.),
8, Si; (1052), 86; (1246), 106
Carnegie Steel Company: strike of
employees, 24, 992
Carniola, a division of Austria-Hun-
gary: united with Hungary and Bo-
hemia, 17, 4; annexed to Bohemia,
74; surrendered to the Empire, 75;
invaded by Turks, 109; revolt of the
peasants (1515), 173; progress of the
Reformation, 178; under Napoleon,
300
Carnot, Lazare Hippolyte (1801-1888),
a French politician: made member
of the provisional government, 9,
435
Carnot, Lazarre Nicholas Marguerite
(1753-1823), a celebrated French
statesman, strategist ana scientist:
made member of the committee of
safety, 9, 285; appointed member of
the directory, 296; banished and pro-
scribed, 305; leads constitutional
party, 358; becomes minister of the
interior in Napoleon's council, 361;
made member of provisional gov-
ernment, 365; appointed minister of
war, and major-general of the re-
publican armies, 10, 341, 18, 359;
replaces Sieyes in the directory, 10,
361; tries to prevent the struggle be-
tween the directory and the royal-
ists, 388
Carnot, Marie Frangois Sadi (1837-
1894), President of the French Re-
public, 1887-1894: election of, 9, 484
Carnutes, ancient tribe of central
Gaul: Caesar's campaign against, 3,
308
Caro, Miguel, President of Colombia,
GENERAL INDEX
139
1892-1898: administration of, 31, 245
Carobert, King of Hungary, ca. 1300:
claims throne of Naples, 4, 260
Carolina: named, 23, 47; chartered by
Charles II, 73; significance of his-
tory of, 79; slavery conditions in,
20, 75; see also North and South
Carolina
"Caroline," Canadian insurgent ship:
wrecked by Canadian militia, 23, 515
Caroline, Amelia Elizabeth (1768-
1821), Queen of George IV of Eng-
land, called the Dreadful Woman
and the Kensington Martyr: sketch
of, 11, 573
Caroline Islands, archipelago in the
Pacific Ocean: purchased by Ger-
many, 20, 302
Caroline Matilda, Queen of Denmark
and Norway, 1751-1775: sketch of,
16, 241
Caroline Wilhelmina (1683-1737),
Queen of George II of England:
her influence over George II, T i,
477; death of, 480
Caron, Lieutenant (ca. 1880), French
commander: navigates the Niger,
19, 149
Caron, Noel (ca. 1600), Dutch states-
man: ambassador to England, 13,
195
Carpenter, Philo (ca. 1850), American
abolitionist: aids slaves to escape,
24, 617
Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia: first
Continental Congress meets at, 23,
223
Carpet Baggers, name of reproach
given by the South to Northerners
who went South after the Civil
War: description of, 24, 864; gov-
ernments of, in election of 1868,
861
Carpini, John de Piano (ca. 1200),
Italian Franciscan: missionary to
China, 6, 18
Carr, General (ca. 1750), a Scotchman
in Russian service: in the Pugatchev
insurrection, 15, 168
Carr, Robert, Earl of Somerset (d.
1645), a British politician: rise of,
11, 310; disgraced, 312
Carra, Jean Louis (1 743-1 793), a
French revolutionist: death of, 10,
279
Carrard (ca. 1850), Swiss insurrection-
ist: leads riot, 13, 563
Carrarra, Francesco da (d. 1393), Pa-
duan noble; leader of confederacy
against Venice, 4, 239; career of,
250
Carrel, Armand (1800-1836), French
journalist and republican leader: op-
poses the decrees of July 25, 1830,
9, 390
Carrera, Rafael (1815-1865), a Guate-
malan revolutionist: founds Repub-
lic of Guatemala, 22, 438
Carrhae, Mesopotamia: battle of (53
B. C), 3, 324
Carrick's Ford, West Virginia: battle
of (1861), 24, 733
Carrickshock, Ireland: battle of
(1832), 12, 224
Carrier, Jean Baptiste (1756-1794),
French revolutionist: impeachment
of, 10, 325; trial of, 328
Carrinas (d. 82 B.C.), Roman insur-
gent: attempts to succor Rome,
3, 227; death, 228
Carrion, Spain: battle of the (1037),
8, 140
Carrion, Jeronimo, Ecuadorian politi-
cian, president of the republic, 1865-
1867: administration of, 21, 114, 115
Carroll, Charles (1 737-1832), an Amer-
ican patriot: in first Congress, 23,
343; last survivor of the signers
of the Declaration of Independence,
480; president of American Coloni-
zation Society, 24, 571
Carson, Kit (Christopher) (1809-
1868), American guide and soldier:
seeks relief for Kearny, 22, 299
Cartagena, Colombia: founded, 21, 16;
sacked by Drake (1580), 30; siege of
(1815), 64; occupied by the revolu-
tionists (1821), 73
Carteaux, Jean Frangois (1751-1813),
French general: pursues the section-
ary army to Marseilles, 10, 274
Carteret, Sir George (ca. 1615-1680),
English sailor: proprietor of the
Carolinas, 23, 73; proprietor of New
Jersey, 108
Carteret, John Earl Granville (1690-
140
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
1763), English statesman: his ri-
valry with Walpole, XI, 477; sketch
of, 485; fall of, 486; attempts to
form a ministry, 488
Carthage, northern Africa, called the
Queen of the Mediterranean:
founded, 1, 124; rise of, 125; sketch
of, 3, 89, 20, 15, 21; taken by the
Saracens, 1, 306; war with Sicily,
2, 218; second invasion under Han-
nibal, 2, 408, 8, 13; wars with Di-
onysius, 2, 412; war with Timoleon,
417; war against Syracuse, 515; para-
mount in the western Mediterra-
nean, treaty with Rome (348 B.C.),
3, 81; treaty with Rome (279 B.C.),
7g; declares war against Rome, 100;
revolt of the mercenaries, 106; the
second Punic War, 11 1; internal
conditions under Roman rule, 162;
fate of, 1, 307, 3, 164, 165; restora-
tion of, 3, 183; made capital of Van-
dal kingdom (429 A.D.), 18, 39
Carthagena, Spain: siege of (208 B.C.),
8, 18
Carthalo (ca. 250 B.C.), Carthaginian
general: blockades Roman fleet at
Lilybaeum, 3, 104
Carthalo (ca. 150 B.C.), leader of pa-
triotic party in Carthage, 3, 163
Carthusian Order, austere religious
order, founded 1084 in Chartreuse:
in Switzerland, 13, 355
Cartier, George Etienne (1814-1873),
French-Canadian lawyer and politi-
cian: at the Quebec convention, 20,
165
Cartier, Jacques, a French navigator:
born at St. Malo, France, December
31, 1494; made three voyages to Can-
ada, 1534, 1535, 1541; ennobled by
the King of France for his discover-
ies; died after 1552
Voyages of, 20, 49, 81, 23, 46
Cartwright, Edmund (1743-1823),
English clergyman and mechani-
cian: invents a power-loom, 11, 534
Cartwright, Ralph (ca. 1600), English
traveler: opens English trade with
Bengal, 5, 163
Cartwright, Thomas (1535-1603), Eng-
lish Puritan clergyman and scholar:
leader of reform movement, XI, 288
Carvajal, General (ca. 1850), Venezue-
lan patriot: leads insurrection, 21,
101
Carvajal, Josef de (ca. 1750), Spanish
minister: policy of, 8, 413
Carvajal, Juan (d. 1469), Spanish prel-
ate: his mission to Bohemia, 17,
143
Carvalho, Francisco Coelhode (ca.
1625), Spanish governor in South
America: repeals the decree allow-
ing slave-trade to be carried on con-
stantly, 31, 39
Carver, John (1575-1621), American
colonist: elected governor by Pil-
grims, 23, 84
Cary, Lucius, Viscount Falkland: see
Falkland, Lucius Cary, Viscount
Casa-Fuerte, Juan de Acufia, Marques
de (1657-1734), made viceroy of
New Spain (1723), 23, 189; death
of, 182
Casal, France: siege of (1639), 9> *93
Casale, Italy: battle of (1640), 4, 322
Casa-Mata, Act of, a convention in
Mexico pledging the reestablish-
ment of the national representative
assembly (1823), 22, 258
Casambrot, John, Lord of Beckerzeel,
(d. 1568), a Flemish leader: his
campaign against the Iconoclasts,
13, 97; arrest of, 105; death of, 108
Casanare, a South American prov-
ince: rebels against Spanish author-
ity, 31, 56
Casanete, Pedro Portal de (ca. 1647),
a Spanish official in America: com-
missioned to colonize California, 33,
166
Casca, Publius Servilius (d. ca. 42
B.C.), a Roman tribune: plots
against Caesar, 4, 4; stabs Caesar, 5
Casco, New Hampshire: attack on, 21,
158
Casimir (III) the Great (1309-1370),
King of Poland, 1333-1370: reign of,
15, 376
Casimir IV (1427-1492), King of Po-
land and Lithuania, 1447-1492: reign
of, 15, 378
Casimir (ca. 1576), Prince of the Pa-
latinate: aids French Protestants,
9, 159
GENERAL INDEX
141
Casket Letters, claimed to have been
written by Mary Queen of Scots to
Bothwell, 12, 318
Cass, Lewis (1872-1866), an American
statesman and soldier: opposes Wil-
mot Proviso, 24, 551; nominated for
President (1848), 555; (1852), 619;
objects to phraseology of Kansas-
Nebraska Bill, 635; in Buchanan's
Cabinet, 657
Cassander (354-297 B.C.), King of
Macedonia, 301-297 B.C.: reign of,
2, 511; death of, 514
Cassano, Bridge of, Italy: battles of
(170S), 9, 222; (1799), 10, 403
Cassel, Prussia: battles of (1328), 9,
93, 11, 158, 13, 32; (1677), 9, 212,
13, 241; taken by the Prussians
(1866), 18, 410
Cassites (Kasshu), a barbarian tribe:
conquer Babylon 1750 B.C.; I, 77
Cassius, Longinus Caius (d. 42 B.C.),
a Roman soldier and politician: as-
sumes command of army in the
East, 3, 325; plots against Caesar,
4, 4; sets out for Syria, 11; his re-
ception in Syria, 17; at battle of
Philippi, 18; in command in Spain,
8, 23
Cassius, Spurius (d. 466 B.C.), a Ro-
man patrician: proposed reforms of,
3, 43
Cassivellaunus (ca. 50 B.C.), a British
chief: his campaign against Caesar,
3, 304, 11, 7
Caste: in India, 5, 43, 78
Castel-Bolognese, France: battle of
(1797), 9, 302
Castelar, Emilio (1 832-1 899), a Span-
ish statesman, orator, and author:
president of the republic, 8, 513;
sketch of, 518
Castelfidardo, Italy: battle of (1869),
4, 382
Castelli (ca. 1810), a revolutionist of
Buenos Ayres: leads revolutionary
movement, 21, 57
Castelnaudary, France: battle of
(1632), 9, 188
Castiglione (Castiglione delle Sti-
viere), Italy: battle of (1796), 9,
299
Castiglione, a Jesuit missionary in
China (ca. 1709), 6, 88
Castilla, Francisco de: see Villadarias
Castilla, Ramon (1796-1867), a Peru-
vian general and statesman: made
president of Peru, 31, 198; exiled,
198; raises a rebellion, 198; second
administration of, 200; death of, 208
Castillo, Canovas del (d. 1897), Span-
ish statesman: prime minister of
Spain (1875-1897), 8, 514; death of,
518
Castillo, Manuel, a Venezuelan gen-
eral 1813: leads army for the libera-
tion of Venezuela, 21, 60
Castle, The Maiden: see Edinburgh
Castlemaine, Barbara Villiers, Lady
(1640-1709): her influence over
Charles II, 11, 389
Castlereagh, Lord: see Stewart, Rob-
ert
Castricum, France: battle of (1799),
10, 407
Castries, Charles Eugene Gabriel de
la Croix, Marquis de (1727-1801), a
French marshal: in the Seven Years'
War, 9, 246
Castriot, George: see Scanderbeg
Castriot, John (d. ca. 1440), Lord of
Emalthia: account of, 14, 69
Castro, premier of Portugal, 1904 ;
becomes premier, 8, 540
Castro, Cipriano (1855 ), a Vene-
zuelan general: his administration
as president of Venezuela, 21, 246
Castro, Joao (1500-1548), Portuguese
viceroy of the Indies, 1545-1548:
administration of, 5, 151, 8, 436; de-
feats King of Cambay, 20, 47
Castro, Julian, a Venezuelan states-
man: provisional president of Vene-
zuela (1858-1860), 21, 96
Castro, Vaca de (1492-1562), a Span-
ish jurist; his government in Peru,
21, 26
Caswell, Richard (1729-1789), an
American Revolutionary politician:
defeats Donald MacDonald, 23, 236
Cat, The: appears in history, 1, 18
Catalan Insurrection, the rebellion of
the Catalans under Philip IV of
Spain, 8, 378
142
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Catana, Sicily: destroyed by Gelo,
2, 219; joins the Athenians, 234; be-
sieged by Syracusans, 408; battle
of, 413
Catari (ca. 1810), a South American
Indian chief: leads Indian rebellion,
21, 52
Catawba Indians, a tribe in the Caro-
linas: location, 23, 8; have survived
the surrounding tribes, 17
Catchpoole, British consul to China
1701, 6, 108
Cateau-Cambresis, Treaty of, a treaty
between France, England, and Spain
(1559), 4, 307, 9, 148, 13, 308, 17, 176
Catesby, Robert (d. 1605), an English
Catholic; plots against James I of
England, II, 308
Catharine (Catherine) of Aragon
(1485-1536), Queen of England:
marriages of, 8, 187, 11, 229, 231,
235; Henry VIII desires divorce
from, 11, 245
Catharine (Catherine) of Braganza
(1638-1705), Queen of England: mar-
ries Charles II of England, 8, 465,
11, 384, 19, 34
Cathay, Asia: origin of name, 6, 16;
described by early missionaries, 18
Cathcart, Colonel (d. 1788), English
ambassador to Peking, 6, no
Cathcart, Sir George (1 794-1 854), a
British general: made governor of
Canada, 20, 158; death of, 15, 316
Cathcart, William Shaw (1755-1843), a
British general: at the bombard-
ment of Copenhagen, 16, 256
Cathelineau, Jacques (1 759-1 793), a
French royalist leader of the Ven-
deans: leads insurrection in the Ven-
dee, 9, 283
Catherina, Infanta of Portugal: see
Catharine of Braganza
Catherine, Queen of Navarre,- 1483-
1516: reign of, 8, 215
Catherine I (Martha Skavronskaya)
(i679?-I727), Empress of Russia:
sketch of, 15, 43; description of,
68; at the battle of the Pruth, 59;
secures peace with Turkey, 14, 280;
honored by Peter the Great, 282,
reign of, 15, 93
Catherine (Catharine) (II) the Great
(1729-1796), Empress of Russia, 1762-
1796, called the Messalina of the
North: born at Stettlin, Prussia,
May 2, 1729; married Peter III of
Russia, 1845; caused the assassina-
tion of Peter and usurped the
throne, 1762; joined in the partitions
of Poland in 1772 and 1793; was a
liberal patron of learned men; died,
November 17, 1796
Sketch of, 15, 139; accession of,
9, 247, 15, 156; reign of, 15, 161;
favors an English alliance, 144, 147;
Peter's treatment of, 154; her rela-
tions with Frederick the Great, 18,
343> 3455 renounces her claim to
Holstein, 16, 240, 267; her relations
with Poland, 15, 384, 17, 246; her
relations with Turkey, 14, 320; re-
fuses to aid England against Amer-
ican colonies, 23, 237; her alliance
with Joseph II of Germany, 18, 351;
her relations with Sweden, 16, 248;
her relations with the First Coali-
tion, 18, 356, 358, 359; aids Georgia
against Persia, 5, 357; growth of
Russia under, 10, 133; death of, 15,
192
Catherine (Catharine) de' Medici
(1519-1589), Queen of France: mar-
ries Henry II of France, 9, 142;
regent for Francis II of France,
149; regent for Charles IX of
France, 152; regent for Henry III
of France, 159
Catherine of Brandenburg (early 17th
century), Princess-dowager of Tran-
sylvania: claims throne of Transyl-
vania, 17, 227
Catherine of Valois (1401-1438),
Queen of England: marries Henry
V, 11, 200
Catholic Association, an association in
Ireland to achieve Catholic Emanci-
pation: founded (1820), 12, 221
Catholic Emancipation: question of,
11, 581, 12, 199, 219; aftermath of,
224
Catholic League, The, a league estab-
lished by Maximilian of Bavaria:
formed, 18, 265
GENERAL INDEX
liS
Catholics in America: arrive in Mary-
land, 23, 69; disagreement with Prot-
estants of Virginia, 69; persecution
of, affects prosperity of Maryland,
72; excluded from Georgia, 81;
status in Rhode Island, 94; perse-
cuted in New England, 148; disfran-
chised in many colonies, 148;
charged with inciting people of
Pennsylvania to join French, 149;
persecuted in Virginia, 149
Catibah (ca. 600 A.D.), Mohammedan
chief: his campaign against the
Turks, 1, 266
Catilina, Lucius Sergius (108-62 B.C.),
Roman politician and conspirator:
leader of the discontented party, 3,
280; plans a decisive blow, 281;
leaves Rome, 283; defeat and death,
284
Catinat de la Fauconnerie, Nicholas
(1637-1712), marshal of France: his
campaign in Germany, 9, 217; his
campaigns in the War of Spanish
Succession, 220
Cato, Gaius, Roman tribune: hinders
elections (55 B.C.), 3, 3*8
Cato, Marcus Porcius, surnamed The
Censor (234-149 B. C), Roman
statesman, general, and writer:
quoted on Hamilcar Barca, 3, 112;
moving spirit in the patriotic party,
157; desires destruction of Carthage,
163
Cato, Marcus Porcius, surnamed Uti-
censis, Roman statesman and Stoic
philosopher: born in Rome, 95 B.C.;
served in a campaign against Spar-
tacus, 72 B.C.; was tribune of the
people, 63 B.C.; opposed the trium-
virs, Caesar, Pompeius, and Cras-
sus, 60 B.C.; chosen praetor, 54 B.C.;
joined Pompeius in the civil war
begun 49 B.C.; after the battle of
Pharsalia, 48 B.C., he escaped to
Africa where he was elected com-
mander of the forces but resigned
the command to Metellus Scipio and
retired to Utica; on the capture of
this city, he refused to flee but
committed suicide, 46 B.C.
Sketch of, 3, 278; favors execution
of Catilinarian conspirators, 284;
elected tribune, 287; sent to Byzan-
tium, 290; leader of opposition to
monarchy, 327; opposition to Caesar,
330; flees to Macedonia, 343; de-
cides to stand by constitutional
party, 350; influences choice of
Scipio as commander-in-chief, 355;
death, 359; estimate of, 361
Catorce Mines, Mexico: discovered,
22, 209
Catullus, Valerius (87-54 B.C.), Ro-
man poet: sketch of, 3, 319
Catulus, Gaius Lutatius (ca. 250 B.C.),
Roman general: commands fleet for
invasion of Africa, 3, 105
Catulus, Quintus Lutatius (152-87 B.
C), Roman general: campaign
against the Cimbri, 3, 194; death,
223
Catulus, Quintus Lutatius (d. 60 B.C.),
Roman politician: opposed to giving
command of army in the East to
Pompey, 3, 271; charged with em-
bezzlement of public moneys, 287
Catuvellauni, State of, a Roman state
in Britain: formed, 11, 6
Cauchon, Pierre, Bishop of Beauvais
(d. 1443) : condemns Joan of Arc,
9, 116
Caudamo, Manuel, South American
revolutionist: president of Peru
(1903-1904), 21, 242
Caudine Pass, Italy: battle of (321 B.
C), 3, 69
Caulaincourt, Armand Augustin Louis
de, Duke of Visenza (1772-1827),
French diplomat and general: mem-
ber of provisional government, 9,
365; minister of Napoleon, 14, 404,
15, 256
Cauldron of Slaughter, The: see Teu-
toberger Forest
Caulfield, James, Earl of Charlemont
(1728-1799), Irish nobleman: com-
mands Northern Volunteers, 12,
182
Caussidiere, Marc (1809-1861), French
radical politician: revolt of, 9, 437
Cavagnari, Pierre Louis Napoleon (ca.
1880), English government official
in India: concludes treaty with
Afghanistan, 5, 257
Cavaignac, Eugene Louis (1802-1857),
144
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
French general: made governor of
Algiers, 9, 4355 made minister of
war, 437; made president of the
provisional government, 437; arrest
of, 441
Cavaliers, supporters of Charles I of
England, during the Civil War
(1641): Parliament (1661), IX, 382;
arrival in Virginia, 23, 64
Cavendish, Lord Frederick (1836-
1882), English statesman: murder
of, 11, 634, 12, 239
Cavendish, Thomas (1552-1592), Eng-
lish navigator and free-booter: cap-
tures a Spanish ship, 22, 135; cir-
cumnavigates the globe, 5, 157
Cavendish, William, Duke of Devon-
shire: see Devonshire, William Cav-
endish, Duke of
Cavendish, William, Marquis of New-
castle: see Newcastle, William Cav-
endish, Marquis of
Cavite, Luzon, Philippines: captured
by Americans, 24, 1029
Cavo, Father (ca. 1800), Mexican
Jesuit: work of, 22, 219
Cavour, Camillo Benso, Count di, an
Italian statesman: born in Turin,
Italy, August 10, 1810; was edu-
cated at the military academy at
Turin and served in the army until
1831; was elected to the Sardinian
parliament, 1848; made minister of
commerce, 1850, of finance, 1851,
and premier, 1852; joined France
and Great Britain in the Crimean
War, 1853-1856; concluded a secret
treaty against Austria with Napo-
leon III of France, 1858; carried
on a war against Austria, 1859; re-
signed the premiership, 1859, but
resumed it again the following year;
secretly supported the efforts of
Garibaldi, 1861, and after the uni-
fication of Italy was made prime
minister of the new kingdom; died
at Turin, July 6, 1861
Government of, 4, 371; returns to
power, 375; policy of, toward Rome,
384; diplomacy of, in Crimean War,
14, 459; at the Congress of Paris
(1856), 17, 384
Cawnpur, British India: siege of
(1857), 5, 236
Cawston, George (ca. 1880), English
financier: sketch of, 19, 222
Caxias, General (ca. 1830), Portuguese
governor: crushes the insurrection
in San Paulo, 21, 170
Caxton, William (1422-1491), first
English printer: sets up his press at
Westminster, 11, 231
Cayenne, French Guiana: settled, 20,
87; taken by the English, 143
Cazales, Jacques Antoine Marie de
(1758-1805), French politician and
orator: sketch of, 10, 79
Cea, Spain: siege of (1055), 8, 141
Ceara, eastern Brazil: resists the cre-
ation of the empire of Brazil, 21,
167
Ceawlin (d. 593 A.D.), West Saxon
king: campaigns against the Angles,
II, 24; defeated, 25
Ceballos (ca. 1870), Peruvian states-
man: made acting president of Peru,
21, 210
Cebu, island in the Philippines: occu-
pied by Americans (1899), 20, 317
Cech (ca. 500 A.D.), Slav chief: leads
migration of the Czechs, 17, 18
Cecil, Sir Edward (ca. 1600), English
admiral: commands expedition
against Cadiz, 11, 321
Cecil, Robert, Earl of Salisbury: see
Salisbury, Robert Cecil, Earl of
Cecil, Robert Arthur Talbot Gas-
coyne, Marquis of Salisbury: see
Salisbury, Robert Arthur Talbot
Gascoyne, Marquis of
Cecil, Sir William (1 520-1 598), Eng-
lish statesman: becomes secretary
to Elizabeth, 11, 275
Cedar Creek or Run, Virginia: battle
of Culpeper Court House at, 24,
763; battle of (1864), 793; political
effect of victory of, 801
Celakovsky, Frantisek Ladislav (1799-
1852), Bohemian poet and philolo-
gist: sketch of, 17, 343
Celestine III (1106-1198), Pope, 1191-
1198: orders dissolution of marriage
of Alfonso IX of Leon and
Theresa of Portugal, 8, 147
GENERAL INDEX
145
Cellamare, Prince Antonio Giudice
(1657-1733), Spanish general and
diplomat: conspires against Duke
of Orleans, 9, 230
Cellini, Benvenuto (1500-1571), Italian
sculptor and worker in gold and
silver: his effect on the Renaissance,
4, 284
Celman, Miguel Juarez (1844 ),
Argentine politician of the liberal
party: his presidency of Argentina,
31, 256
Celtes, Konrad (1450-1508), German
poet and scholar: founds the " So-
dalitas Danubiana," 17, 175
Celtiberians, inhabitants of ancient
Spain: origin of, 8, 3; description
of, 11; war with Rome, 3, 161
Celts, a branch of the Indo-European
family: invade Italy, 3, 57; defeated
at Telamon, 109; invade Spanish
peninsula, 8, 3; description of, 9,
4; invade Britain, 11, 4; and Aus-
tria-Hungary, 17, 10; location of,
18, 7
Cemetery Ridge, near Gettysburg: in
battle of Gettysburg, 24, 780
Cenabum (Orleans), ancient Gaul:
massacre of the Remansat, 3, 306;
see also Orleans
Cenek of Wartenburg, Burggrave of
Prague (ca. 1400): 17, 129
Censorinus, Lucius Marcius (ca. 150
B.C.), Roman consul: orders the de-
struction of Carthage, 3, 164; be-
sieges Carthage, 164
Censorship, political office at Rome
from the fifth century B.C.: office
of, established, 3, 48; thrown open
to the plebeians, 49
Centena, Diego, leader of the royal-
ist forces in Peru 1547: revolt of,
21, 27
Centennial, The, an exposition com-
memorating the birth of American
independence, held at Philadelphia
(1876), 24, 903
Centennial State, The: see Colorado
Center, The, a division of the French
assembly: origin and use of the
term, 10, 82; makes overtures to
the court, 139
Centerville, Virginia: Union troops
retreat to, 24, 763
Central America, History of: the five
republics, 22, 429; revolts against
Spanish rule, 24, 1021
Central Pacific Railroad: built, 24, 002
Central Search Association, an Afri-
can company: organized (1889), 19,
224
Centrones, a Gallic tribe: treachery
toward Hannibal, 3, 115
Century, Progress of a, 24, 1086
Ceorls, a division of the Anglican
population of Britain: description
of, 11, 20
Cepeda, South America: battles of
(1820), 21, 71 (1859), 129
Cephallonia (Cephallenia), Greece: al-
lied to Athens, 2, 280
Ceporin (ca. 1525), a teacher in Zurich,
13, 436
Cerealis, Petitius (1st century A.D.),
a Roman general: his campaign in
Gaul, 18, 24
Cerestes, Turkey: battle of (1596),
14, 206, 239
Cerignoles, Italy: battle of (1503), 9,
133
Cerisoles, Italy: battle of (1544), 9,
143
Cerro Gordo, Mexico: battle of
(1847), 22, 325, 24, 549
Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de (1547-
1616), a Spanish poet and novelist:
at the battle of Lepanto, 14, 198
Cervera y Topeta, Pascual (1833 ),
Spanish rear-admiral: at Santiago,
8, 520, 20, 329, 22, 460, 24, 1029
Cesari, Antonio (1760-1828), an Ital-
ian plulologist: sketch of, 4, 409
Cespedes, Carlos Manuel de (1819-
1874), a Cuban revolutionist: leads
Cuban insurrection, 20, 327
Cestinos, Luis, governor of Sinaloa
(ca. 1640), a Mexican explorer: ex-
plores California, 22, 163
Cestius, Gallus (1st century A. D.),
Roman governor of Syria: defeated
by Jews, 1, 410
Cethegus, Caius Cornelius (1st cen-
tury B.C.), a Roman noble: arrested,
3,283
146
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Cetiwayo (d. 1884), King of the Zulus:
captured by the English, 20, 229
Ceuta, Spain: surrendered to the Sara-
cens, 1, 310; sieges of (1415), 8,
301, 19, 15; (1464), 8, 316
Ceylon, island in the Indian Ocean
called the Paradise of the Indies:
Buddhism introduced, 5, 61; con-
quered by the Dutch, 155; under
Dutch rule, 20, 113; surrenders to
the British, 139; conquest completed
(1815), 144; made a crown colony,
197; history of, 250
Chabrias (d. 357 B. C), an Athenian
general: wins battle of Naxos, 2,
430; slain at Chios, 454
Chacabuco, Chili: battle of (1817), 21,
72
Chaerea, Cassius (d. 41 A.D.), a Ro-
man tribune: assassinates Caligula,
4, 58
Chaereas (ca. 410 B.C.), a Greek cap-
tain: adventures of, 2, 359
Chaeroneia, Greece: battles of (338
B.C.), 2, 477; (86 B.C.), 3, 218
Chaffee, Adna Romanza (1842 ),
an American soldier: in Santiago
campaign, 24, 1029
Chait Singh, Raja of Benares, ca.
1775: rebellion of, 5, 192
Chaitanya (1485-1527), founder of a
sect in Bengal: teachings of, 5, 85
Chalais, Henri de Talleyrand, Count
of (1599-1626), a French statesman:
conspires against Cardinal Riche-
lieu, 9, 184
Chalcedon, Bithynia: taken by Alci-
biades, 2, 367
Chalcideus (d. 412 B.C.), a Spartan
admiral, 2, 352
Chalcidice, Macedonia: settled, 2, 79;
revolts to Brasidas, 309; league of,
420; league dissolved by Sparta, 423;
conquered by Philip, 464
Chalcis, Greece: colonial energy of, 2,
79, 83; taken by Athenians, 154; at
war with Athens, 163; revolts to
Sparta, 361; allied with Athens, 473
Chalco, Mexico: taken by Cortez, 22,
45; siege of (1521), 46
Chalcondyles, Demetrius (1424-15 11),
a Greek grammarian and teacher:
his estimate of Turkish military
strength, 14, 94
Chaldea, Babylon: location of, 1, 67
Chalderan, Persia: battle of (15 14), 5,
341
Chalons, France: battle of (451 A.D.),
2, 530, 4, 148, 8, 38, 9, 17, 14, 4, 18,
41
Chamberlain, Joseph (1836 ), Eng-
lish radical politician: demands po-
litical rights for English colonists
in the Transvaal, n, 640; his tariff
projects, 642; opposes Australian
Constitution, 20, 207
Chambers's Case (1630), in English
history, dispute over levy of ship-
money, II, 329
Chambonnas, Scipio (ca. 1790), French
minister: made minister of finance,
10, 176
Champ-Aubert, France: battle of
(1814), 9, 346, 10, 491
Champ de Mars, Paris: confederation
of the kingdom at, 10, 121
Champion Hill, Mississippi: battle of
(1863), 24, 777
Championet, Jeane fitienne (1762-
1800), French general: enters Na-
ples, 10, 402
Champlain, Samuel de, a French ex-
plorer and geographer: born in
Brouage, France, 1567; took an ac-
tive part in the wars of the League
on the side of Henry of Navarre
for which he received a pension;
commanded a vessel in the Spanish
fleet sailing to Mexico, 1599; ex-
plored in Canada and New England,
1603-1607; founded Quebec, 1608;
discovered Lake Champlain, 1609;
appointed lieutenant-governor of
New France, 1612; began the fortifi-
cations of Quebec, 1620; taken pris-
oner to England when Quebec was
captured, 1628; released after the
treaty of peace in 1632; returned as
governor to New France, 1633; died
at Quebec, December 25, 1635
Makes a settlement in America,
20, 81; explorations of, 23, 48; de-
feats the Iroquois, 50; resentment
of Iroquois over his victory, 175
GENERAL INDEX
147
Champlain, Lake, between Vermont
and New York: discovered, 23, 50;
Nicholson burns fort on, 162
Champoton, Yucatan: battle of (i537)>
22, 425
Chamurli, Servia: battle of (1410), 14,
53
Chancellor, Richard (d. 1556), Eng-
lish navigator: his explorations of
the Arctic regions, 5, 156, 16, 300
Chancellor, The: see Bismarck, Otto
Eduard Leopold, Prince von
Chancellorsville, Virginia: battle of
(1863), 24, 771; Confederate hopes
raised by victory at, 778
Chandarnagar, Hindustan: captured
by the English (1757), 5, 182, 9, 246
Chand Bibi (ca. 1580), queen of Ah-
madnagar: frustrates Akbar's
schemes for southern India, 5, 113
Chandler, Zachariah (1813-1879),
American politician: refuses to con-
cede election to Tilden (1876), 24,
909
Chandra Gupta, East Indian king,
316-292 B. C. : his relations with the
Greeks, 5, 69; reign of, 70
Chang, Prince (ca. 1900), Chinese
prince, 6, 302
Chang Ch'ien (2nd century B. C),
Chinese envoy: visits Central Asia,
6, 13
Ch'ang Chih-tung (ca. 1900), Chinese
viceroy: in Boxer movement, 6, 304;
ousts Americans from railway con-
cessions, 319; attempts to have
Manchuria opened to foreign trade,
7, 288
Chang Pak (ca. 1280), Chinese gen-
eral in command of Chinese army,
7, 76
Changarnier, Nicolas Anne Theodole
(1793-1877), French general: given
command of the troops of the sec-
ond republic, 9, 436; arrest of, 441
Chang-lo, Thibet: attack on (1904), 5,
298
Channing, William Ellery (1780-1842),
an American divine: member of
Anti-slavery Society, 24, 574
Chanzy, Antoine Eugene Alfred
(1823-1883), French general: in the
Franco-Prussian War, 18, 425
Chao (ca. 1750), Chinese general: his
victories in Central Asia, 6, 86; his
death, 87
Chapelier, Isaac Rene Gui (1754-1794),
French lawyer: his opinion on the
renewal of the assembly, 10, 114;
directs the Feuillant Club, 128;
death of, 9, 289
Chappe, Claude (1763-1805), French
inventor: invents system of tele-
graphs, 10, 336 note
Chappe, Ignace (b. 1760), French en-
gineer: invents system of tele-
graphs, 10, 336 note
Chapter of Mitton: battle of (13 19),
12, 282
Chapultepec, Mexico: siege of (1847),
22, 366, 24, 550
Charaka (ca. 800 A.D.), Indian physi-
cian: fame of, 5, 48
Chararic (ca. 500 A.D.), Salian chief:
death of, 9, 21
Charcas, Bolivia: rebels against Span-
ish authority (1809), 21, 58
Charcot (ca. 1900), French explorer:
explorations of, 16, 336
Chares (ca. 350 B. C), an Athenian
general: campaigns of, 2, 454, 474;
commands at Chaeroneia, 477
Charette de la Contrie, Francois
Athanase (1763-1796), Vendean gen-
eral: leads insurrection, 9, 283;
arouses royalists in Brittany, 294;
taken prisoner, 297
Charibert I (d. 568 A.D.), Frankish
king: reign of, 18, 61
Charibert II, Frankish king, ca. 630
A.D.: reign of, 18, 65
Charidemus (ca. 400 B.C.), Greek gen-
eral: aids Athens, 2, 466
Charlemagne or Charles (I) the Great,
Frankish king and Holy Roman
Emperor: born, April 2, 742 (birth
place uncertain); became king of
the Franks conjointly with his
brother Karlmann, 768 A.D.; usurps
the entire government on the death
of Karlmann, 771 A.D.; at war with
the Saxons, 772-804 A.D.; at war
with the Lombards, 774-775 A.D.;
made an expedition against the
Arabs in Spain, 778 A.D.; subdued
Bavaria, 788 A.D.; conquered the
148
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Avars, 791-796 A.D.; crowned Ro-
man emperor, Christmas Day, 800
A.D.; at war with the Danes, 808-
810 A.D.; died at Aix-la-chapelle,
January 28, 814 A.D.
Consecrated, 9, 40; reign of, 9, 41,
18, 78; crowned by the Pope, 2, 534,
4, 176; invades Spain, 8, 69, 132;
his influence felt in England, II,
40; condition of Switzerland under,
I 3> 34; founds the bishopric of
Bremen, 16, 25; forms alliance with
the Czechs, 17, 30; defeats the
Avars, 37; death of, 4, 176
Charlemagne, The Modern: see Na-
poleon (I) Bonaparte, Emperor of
the French
Charleroi, Belgium: siege of (1794), 9,
290
Charles: see also Carlo, Carlos and
Karl
Charles (I) the Great, Holy Roman
Emperor: see Charlemagne
Charles (II) the Bald (823-877), Holy
Roman Emperor (I, King of
France) : birth of, 18, 90; education
of, 8, 221; favored by his father, 9,
48, 18, 91; becomes king of France,
92; reign of, as king of the Franks,
9, 50, 18, 95; crowned Holy Roman
Emperor, 4, 179, 9, 51, 18, 96
Charles (III) the Fat (839-888),
Holy Roman Emperor (II, King of
France) : reign of, 4, 179, 9, 52, 18,
96; intervenes between Svatopluk
and Arnulf, 17, 34; causes the as-
sassination of Godfrey, Duke of the
Normans, 13, 21; his relations with
the Northmen, 16, 23
Charles IV (1316-1378), Holy Roman
Emperor (I, King of Bohemia) :
reign of, as King of Bohemia, 17,
115; proclaimed emperor, 17, 102,
18, 190; reign of, 192; campaigns in
Italy, 4, 219; his relations with Aus-
tria, 17, 103; condition of Switzer-
land under, 13, 378
Charles V (1500-1558), Holy Roman
Emperor: birth of, 8, 188; career
OI 9. 137; acknowledged as heir of
Castile, 8, 191; inaugurated Duke
of Brabant and Count of Flanders
and of Holland, 13, 54; concludes
treaty with Francis I of France, 4,
295; accession to Spanish throne, 8,
339', becomes King of Spain, Sicily,
and Naples, 18, 231; joins league
for peace, n, 237; accession to the
imperial throne, 4, 305, 8, 343, 13,
55, 18, 239; his power and motto,
23, 43; extent of empire of, 14, 145;
reign of, as emperor, 17, 176; strug-
gle with Francis I of France, 4,
301, 11, 240; marries Isabel of
Portugal, 8, 350; alliances with
Henry VIII of England, 11, 246,
261; rewards Cortes, 33, 40; condi-
tion of Switzerland under, 13, 443;
at war with Turkey, 14, 158; de-
feated at Algiers, 163; introduces
the New Laws, 20, 45; colonial pol-
icy of, 50; his relations with Russia,
15, 16; resigns crowns, 8, 351, 13,
59, 18, 259, 22, 118; death of, 8,
352, 13, 60; summary of condition
of Spain under, 8, 423
Charles VI (1685-1740), Holy Roman
Emperor, 1711-1740: estimate of, 17,
192; campaigns of, 18, 313; at war
with Spain, 8, 388; claims throne
of Spain, 11, 456; accession to im-
perial throne, 8, 400, 9, 224, 11, 463;
reign of, 18, 315; reign of, as King
of Bohemia, 17, 215; reign of, as
King of Hungary, 191, 234; aids
Venice against Turkey, 14, 286;
sends expeditions to India, 5, 172;
Alexis seeks the protection of, 15,
74; power in eastern Europe, 14,
292; in the Polish war, 15, 119; as-
sists Russia against Turkey, 122;
death of, 9, 236, 13, 254, 14, 317,
15, 133, 23, 163
Charles VII (Charles Albert) (1697-
1745), Holy Roman Emperor, 1742-
1745: claims Austrian throne, 15,
129, 17, 240, 18, 328; claims Bo-
hemia, 17, 251; claims imperial
crown, 9, 236; accession of, 237, 17,
241, 18, 330; death of, 9, 239
Charles I, King of Bohemia: see
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles I (1 600-1 649), King of Eng-
land, 1625-1649: plans of marriage
with a princess of Spain, 11, 317;
visits Spain, 8, 376; marries Hen-
GENERAL INDEX
149
rietta Maria of France, II, 318;
reign of, 320; attitude toward Vir-
ginia, 23, 63; his relations with the
Dutch Republic, 13, 209; grants
charter to Massachusetts Bay Col-
ony, 23, 87; concludes treaty with
Joam IV of Portugal, 8, 462 note;
condition of Ireland under, 12, in;
condition of Scotland under, 335;
death of, 11, 361
Charles II (1630-1685), King of Eng-
land, 1649-1685, called Old Rowley
and the Merry Monarch: reign of,
n> 379; proclaimed King of Ireland,
II. 363 I*. 123; condition of Ire-
land under, 12, 129; proclaimed
King of Scotland, 11, 363, 12, 342;
effect of his restoration on Ameri-
can colonies, 23, 64; marries Catha-
rine of Braganza, 19, 34; charters
African Company, 31; gives grant
of the Carolinas to favorites, 23,
73; grants liberal charter to Rhode
Island, 94; vacillating policy of, 104;
recalls Berkeley from Virginia, 66;
his dislike of Quakers, no; taxes
colonies, 20, 89; death of, 11, 416,
13, 242
Charles I, King of France : see Charles
(II) the Bald, Holy Roman Em-
peror
Charles II, King of France: see
Charles (III) the Fat, Holy Roman
Emperor
Charles (III) the Simple (879-929),
King of France, 893-929: minority
of, 18, 97; reign of, 9, 53, 18, 104;
his treaty with Rolf, 16, 15; his
relations with Henry I of Germany,
18, 105; marries sister of ^Ethelstan,
II, 46
Charles (IV) the Fair (1294-1328),
King of France, 1322-1328: reign of,
9, 90; conspires against Lewis of
Bavaria, 18, 188
Charles (V) the Wise (1337-1380),
King of France, 1364-1380: regent
for his father, 9, 99; reign of, 102;
sends help to Henry of Trastamara,
11, 167; at war with England, 168;
aids Enrique II against Pedro the
Cruel, 8, 166; protects the Jews, 1,
419
Charles (VI) the Well-Beloved (1368-
1422), King of France, 1380-1422:
reign of, 9, 106; contemporary of
Murad I of Turkey, 14, 33; at
war with Flanders, 13, 34; perse-
cutes the Jews, 1, 419; becomes in-
sane, 11, 193; attempts to settle the
dispute between the Popes, 18, 198
Charles (VII) the Victorious (1403-
1461), King of France, 1422-1461,
called the King of Brouges: char-
acter of, 11, 203; claims throne, 9,
114; crowned, 11, 204; reign of, 9,
116; concludes the Peace of Arras,
13, 41; aids Frederick III of Ger-
many, 18, 213; his campaigns against
the Swiss, 13, 401; concludes treaty
with the Swiss, 405
Charles VIII (1470-1498), King of
France, 1483-1498: reign of, 9, 126;
transfers Prince Djem to custody of
the Pope, 14, in; marries Anne of
Brittany, 11, 226, 18, 219; claims
throne of Naples, 4, 270; invades
Italy, 289, 11, 227, 14, 112, 18, 225;
concludes treaty with Philip the
Handsome, 8, 189; his relations with
Ferdinand the Catholic, 190, 268;
plans rescue of Constantinople, 14,
144; death of, 11, 229
Charles IX (1550-1574), King of
France, 1560-1574: reign of, 9, 152;
marries daughter of Maximilian II
of Germany, 18, 262; Carolina
named for, 23, 47; death of, 11, 290
Charles (X) of Bourbon (16th cen-
tury), titular King of France: de-
clared king, 9, 166
Charles X (1757-1836), King of
France, 1824-1830: elected member
of the States-General, 10, 39; op-
poses influence of Necker, 50;
leaves France, 9, 265, 10, 72; opens
correspondence with Lyons, 10, 115;
hastens the determination of the
cabinets of the coalition, 136; im-
peached, 164; attempts invasion of
France, 9, 294; returns to France,
9, 350, 18, 388; signs armistice with
the allies, 10, 499; his campaign
against Napoleon, 9, 360; reign of,
382; abdication and exile of, 9, 392,
21, 169
150
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Charles (I) of Anjou (1220-1285),
King of Naples and Sicily: his cru-
sade against Manfred, 4, 215; acces-
sion of, 9, 84, 18, 169; reign of, 8,
244; quarrel with the kings of Ara-
gon, 4, 217
Charles II (1248-1309), King of Na-
ples: recognized as king, 9, 86;
persecutes the Templars, 89
Charles (III) of Durazzo (d. 1386),
King of Naples: seizes the throne
of Naples, 4, 261; crowned King of
Hungary, 17, 154
Charles (II) le Mauvais (1332-138/),
King of Navarre, 1350-1387: reign
of, 8, 210; declares war against John
of France, 9, 96; taken prisoner
by John of France, 97; made cap-
tain general of Parisian forces, 101
Charles (III) the Noble (1 360-1425),
King of Navarre, 1387-1425: reign
of, 8, 212
Charles I (Charles Eitel Frederick
Zephirin Louis) (1839 ), King
of Rumania, 1881 : account of,
14, 464; accession of, 15, 343
Charles I, King of Spain: see Charles
V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles II, III, IV, V and VII of
Spain: see Carlos II, III, IV, V
and VII
Charles VIII, King of Sweden: see
Karl (VIII) Knudsson, King of
Sweden
Charles IX (1550-1611), King of
Sweden, 1604-1611: invested with
Soedermannland and Vermland, 16,
160; helps to depose Erik, 163; fa-
vors the Reformers, 165; regent of
Sweden, 168, 170; reign of, 171;
death of, 174
Charles (X) Gustavus (1622-1660),
King of Sweden, 1654-1660: declared
heir presumptive, 16, 204; reign of,
207; Casimir, seeks aid against, 15,
380; at war with Denmark, 13,
231; death of, 16, 209
Charles XI (1655-1697), King of
Sweden, 1660-1697: accession of, 16,
210; proclaimed absolute king, 213,
243; mediates between Holland and
France, 13, 245; his relations with
Patkul, 15, 38
Charles XII, King of Sweden, 1697-
1718, called the Madman of the
North: born at Stockholm, June 27,
1682; succeeded his father, Charles
XI, in 1697; invaded Denmark, May,
1700; concluded a treaty with the
Danish king, August, 1700; gained
a decisive victory over the Russians
at Narva, November, 1700: at war
with the Saxons and Poles, 1701-
1706; at war with Russia, 1707-1709;
after his defeat at Poltava, July 8,
1709, escaped to Turkey where he
remained until 1714; killed at the
siege of Frederikshald, November
30, 1718
Accession of, 16, 213; conflicts of,
15, 38, 18, 317; at war with Russia,
14, 274; his relations with Poland,
15, 381; at Bender, 16, 221; terms
of Peace of Pruth respecting, 14,
281, 284; returns to the north, 16,
222; forms alliance with Philip V
of Spain, 8, 406, 11, 472; death of,
15, 66, 16, 223
Charles XIII (1748-1818), King of
Sweden and Norway: regency of,
16, 249; accession of, 252; pro-
claimed joint ruler of Sweden and
Norway, 261
Charles (XIV) John (1764-1844),
(Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte),
King of Sweden, 1818-1844: cam-
paigns of, 18, 367, 382; ambassador
to Vienna, 17, 284; dismissed
through Sieyes, 10, 408; made mar-
shal of the French empire, 9, 322;
his campaign in Jutland, 16, 251,
257; elected heir to Swedish throne,
9, 33$$, 16, 254; commands the army
of the Rhine, 9, 308; elected king
of Sweden, 10, 481, 15, 218; reign
of, 16, 258, 278; growth of Sweden
under, 260
Charles (16th century), Archduke of
Austria, son of Ferdinand I: given
Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola, 17,
179; rule of, 180
Charles (Karl) (1771-1847), Archduke
of Austria: estimate of, 17, 292;
made governor of Austrian Nether-
lands, 13, 263; his campaigns against
the French, 9, 299, 308, 325, 15,
GENERAL INDEX
151
214, 17, 282, 18, 360, 364, 367, 376;
takes command of the army of
Italy, 17, 293; in the war of the
second coalition, 13, 516, 17, 285
Charles (d. 1527), Duke of Bourbon:
joins the Emperor Charles V, 9,
139
Charles of Blois (or de Chatillon)
(d. 1364), Duke of Brittany: at war
with Montfort, 9, 93
Charles the Bold, sometimes called
Charles the Rash, Duke of Bur-
gundy: born in Dijon, France, No-
vember 10, 1433; known as Comte
de Charolais until the death of his
father, Philip the Good, Duke of
Burgundy, in 1467; married Mar-
garet, sister of Edward IV of Eng-
land, 1468; waged war against Louis
XI of France and took him pris-
oner, 1468; conquered Lorraine,
1475; besieged Grandson and was
defeated at Murat, 1476; killed at
the battle of Nancy, January 5, 1477
Accession and marriage of, II,
216; career of, 13, 42, 43, 18, 216;
aids Louis XI of France, 9, 119;
rebels against Louis XI, 122; his re-
lations with the Swiss, 13, 405;
quarrels with Frederick III of Ger-
many, 406; defeated by the Swiss,
.4, 256; death of, 13, 409
Charles of Egmont (Egmond) (1467-
1538), Duke of Guelders, a Dutch
prince: career of, 13, 52; his rela-
tions with Margaret of Austria, 53;
recognized as stadtholder of Gro-
ningen, 54; death of, 59
Charles (late 17th century), Duke of
Lorraine: at the siege of Vienna,
17, 184
Charles of France (late 10th century),
Duke of Lower Lorraine: sketch of,
13, 22; obtains Lower Lorraine, 9,
58; claims throne, 59
Charles (Carlo) III (1486-1553), Duke
of Savoy: reign of, 4, 305; at war
with Francis I of France, 9, 143;
attempts to bring Geneva and Lau-
sanne under his sway, 13, 446
Charles (late 18th century), Duke of
Zweibriicken: disputes possession of
Bavaria, 18, 348
Charles (15th century), Prince of
Viana: revolt of, 8, 213
Charles of Maine (late 15th century),
nephew of Rene of Anjou: will of,
9, 125
Charles of Valois (1 270-1 325), Count
of Maine and Anjou: named as suc-
cessor of Pedro III of Aragon, 9,
85; receives Maine and Anjou, 86
Charles, Cape: see Cape Charles
Charles Albert, Elector of Bavaria:
see Charles VII, Holy Roman Em-
peror
Charles Albert (1798-1849), King of
Sardinia, 1831-1849: regent of Sar-
dinia, 4, 355; reign of, 357; his re-
forms in Piedmont, 9, 426; at war
with Austria, 17, 367, 18, 402; ab-
dication of, 17, 373
Charles Augustus (1757-1828), Grand-
duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach:
court of, 18, 353
Charles Edward Louis Philip Casimir,
"The Young Pretender" (1720-
1788), the eldest son of the Cheva-
lier de St. George: attempts to win
the throne, 11, 487; see also Pre-
tender
Charles Emmanuel I (1701-1773),
(III, Duke of Savoy), King of Sar-
dinia, 1730-1773: reign of, 4, 331;
forms alliance with France, 9, 235;
claims duchy of Milan, 236
Charles Emmanuel II (IV, Duke of
Savoy) (1751-1819), King of Sar-
dinia, 1796-1802: reign of, 4, 344;
abdication of, 9, 307
Charles Emmanuel (I) the Great
(1562-1630), Duke of Savoy: reign
of, 4, 317; at war with Henry IV
of France, 9, 172; aids Protestants
of Bohemia, 17, 203; candidate for
Bohemian throne, 205
Charles Emmanuel II (1634-1675),
Duke of Savoy: reign of, 4, 322
Charles Emmanuel III and IV, Dukes
of Savoy: see Charles Emmanuel I
and II, Kings of Sardinia
Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-
Gottorp: see Frederick, Duke of
Holstein-Gottorp
Charles Martel (ca. 690-741), King of
the Franks: rise of, 1, 337; defeated
152
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
by Radbod, king of the Friscons,
13, 14; career of, 9, 36, 18, 70; at
the battle of Tours, 1, 338, 8, 64, XI,
40, 14, 4; aids Pope, 4, 170
Charles Robert of Anjou, King of
Hungary, ca. 1309-1342: crowned,
17, 60; reign of, 151
Charles Theodore (d. 1799), Elector
of Bavaria: concludes a treaty with
Austria, 17, 250; his struggles for
Bavaria, 18, 348
Charleston, South Carolina: perma-
nently founded, 23, 76; polling-place
of colony, 78; tea stored in damp
cellars, 219; siege of (1776), 236;
population in time of Jackson, 479;
President enforces customs collec-
tions at, 494; Ordinance of Nullifi-
cation suspended at, 496; abolition
literature taken from the mails, 24,
576; Democratic national conven-
tion, 678; secession convention, 684;
Confederates seize arsenal, 691 ;
United States property seized by
State authorities, 704; rejoices over
surrender of Fort Sumter, 712;
threatened by Sherman, 807; evac-
uated, 808
Charlestown, Virginia: execution of
John Brown at, 24, 675
Charlotte, North Carolina: Confed-
erates seize United States mint, 24,
692
Charlotte (ca. 1721), Princess of Wolf-
enbiittel: marries Alexis, 15, 74
Charlotte (1796-1817), daughter of
George IV of England: marriage
of, 11, 573
Charlotte of Bavaria (ca. 1825) Em-
press of Austria: crowned queen of
Hungary, 17, 338
Charlotte of Montmorency (ca. 1608),
Princess of Conde: relations with
Henry IV of France, 9, 175
Charlotte of Savoy (ca. 1450), marries
Louis XI of France, 9, 119
Charlottetown Conference: a confer-
ence held to bring about a union
of the maritime provinces of Can-
ada (1861), 20, 164
Charminus (ca. 411 B.C.), a Samian
general: defeated at Samos, 2, 357
Charnay, a contemporary archaeolo-
gist: his work in Mexico, 22, 82
Charnock, Job (ca. 1680), agent of
East India Company: obliged to de-
sert factory at Kasimbazar, 5, 166
Charon, a Theban citizen: aids con-
spiracy against Leontiades, 2, 423
Charruas, The, a tribe of Indians in
South America: description of, 21,
138
Charter Colonies, 23, 114
Charter for the Russian Empire, Im-
perial, a constitution for Russia
formulated in 1818: account of, 15,
266
Charter Oak, a tree famous in Amer-
ican legendary history which form-
erly stood in Hartford, Connecticut:
story of, 23, 100
Charter of 1319: a charter freeing the
nobles and clergy in Denmark from
taxes, 16, 113
Chartered Company, a British South
African mining company: sketch of,
19, 225
Charters, American Colonial: Caro-
linas, 23, 74; Connecticut, 100; Geor-
gia, 80; Maine, 95; New Hampshire,
96; Maryland, 68; Massachusetts, 86;
New Jersey, 109; New York, 105;
Pennsylvania, Hi; Plymouth, 83;
Rhode Island, 94, 100; Virginia, 56
Charters, English: granted to towns
by Henry I, 11, 117
Charton, President of Parliament of
Paris 1648: arrest of, ordered, 9,
201
Chartres, France: in French claims,
23, 168
Chase, Salmon Portland, an American
statesman and jurist: born in Corn-
ish, N. H., January 13, 1808; edu-
cated at Bishop Philander Chase's
academy in Ohio and at Dartmouth
College, graduating from the latter
in 1826; taught school in Washing-
ton while studying law, 1826-1829;
moved to Cincinnati, 1830; made so-
licitor for the United States Bank
in Cincinnati, 1834; was United
States Senator from Ohio, 1849-
1855; Governor of Ohio, 1856-1860;
GENERAL INDEX
153
Secretary of the Treasury, 1861-
1864; Chief-Justice of the Supreme
Court, 1864-1873; presided over the
impeachment trial of President
Johnson, 1868; died in New York
City, May 7, 1873
Member of Buffalo convention
(1848), 24, 558; speech on compro-
mise measures, 607; writes and
signs address against Douglas, 633;
answers Douglas's speech (1853),
634; leader of Republican Party,
653; in Republican convention, 680;
Secretary of the Treasury, 708; fa-
vored for President, 799; opposes
Legal Tender Act, 820, 900; estab-
lishes national banking system,
820; administers oath of office to
Johnson, 830; presides over' trial of
President Johnson, 851; aspires to
Presidency, 858
Chase, Samuel (1741-1811), an Ameri-
can jurist: impeached, 23, 391
Chasse, David Hendrik, Baron (1765-
1849), a Dutch general: at siege of
Antwerp, 13, 297, 303
Chasseloup-Laubat, Justin Napoleon
Prosper, Comte de (1805-1873), a
French politician: ministry of, 9,
459
Chateaubriand, Frangois Rene Au-
guste, Vicomte (1 768-1848), a cele-
brated French author and states-
man: at the Verona Congress, 9,
379; forms a new opposition party,
381
Chateau-Cambresis, Peace of: see Ca-
teau-Cambresis, Treaty of and also
Unfortunate Peace, The
Chateauneuf, Marquis de (ca. 1680) :
his embassy to Constantinople, 14,
259
Chateau-Thierry, France: battle of
(1814), 9, 346, 10, 491
Chateauvieux Regiment: revolt of, 10,
125
Chatel, John 0575-1594), a French
fanatic: attempts to assassinate
Henry IV of France, 9, 170
Chatelain (ca. 1830), a French editor:
opposes the decrees of July 25, 1830,
9, 390
Chatelet, du, French ambassador to
England (ca. 1754) : his quarrel with
Chernichev, 15, 144
Chatelet, Duke du, a member of
States-General 1789: proposes the
redemption of tithes, 10, 74
Chatham, John Pitt, Earl of: see Pitt,
John, Earl of Chatham
Chatham, William Pitt, Earl of: see
Pitt, William, Earl of Chatham
Chatillon, France: battle of (1793),
10, 276
Chatillon, Count of (ca. 1635), a
French commander of Army of
North: campaigns in Thirty Years'
War, 9, 191; in Belgium, 13, 211
Chatillon, Odet (ca. 1560), a French
diplomat: plots against the Guises,
9, ISO
Chattahoochie River, Georgia: Sher-
man crosses, 24, 795; Hood crosses
en route for Tennessee, 803
Chattanooga, Tennessee: battle of
Chickamauga near, 24, 783; effect
of Confederate loss of, 785; esti-
mated losses in battles around, 785
Chatti, a Germanic tribe: location of,
18, 6; defeated by Drusus, 15; in-
vade Gaul, 23; relation of, to
Franks, 28
Chaucer, Geoffrey, called the Father
of English Poetry: was born in
London probably about 1340; re-
ceived a liberal education; was in
the service of the king and the gov-
ernment from 1359 to 1386, being
sent on several royal missions to
Italy, Flanders, and France; wrote
" The Canterbury Tales " after
1380; died in London, October 25,
1400
His "Canterbury Tales," 11, 176,
238
Chauci, a German tribe: location of,
18, 6; invade Rhine country, 23;
incorporated with Saxons, 28
Chaul, India: battle of (1508), 5, 148
Chaulnes, Marshal (ca. 1640), a
French soldier: his campaigns in the
Thirty Years' War, 9, 194
Chaumont, Treaty of, an alliance be-
tween Austria, Great Britain, Prus-
sia, and Russia against Napoleon I
(1814), 9, 347, 17, 3ii
154
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Chazars: see Khazars
Chebreiss, France: battle of (1798), 9,
309
Chechela (ca. 1708), a Russian soldier:
defends Baturin, 15, 50
Cheeves, Langdon (ca. 1812), a Re-
publican leader: in Congress, 23,
417
Chefoo Convention, The: see Chifu
Convention
Chemishev, Colonel, a guerrilla leader:
rescues Benningsen and Narishkin,
15, 246
Chemnitz, Philip (Hippolytus a La-
pide) (1605-1678), a German histo-
rian and councilor of Christina of
Sweden: his pamphlet on the Holy
Roman Empire, 17, 182
Chemnitz, Ivan Ivanovitch: see
Khemnitzer
Chemulpo, Korea: destroyed by Japa-
nese, 7, 194; battle of (1904), 7, 303,
15, 361
Chen Kwojui (ca. 1870), a Chinese
rebel: directs attack on mission-
aries, 6, 225; career of, 227
Cheng, General (ca. 1862), a Chinese
commander: at siege of Kunshan,
6, 201
Cheng Chihlung (ca. 1661), Chinese
admiral: account of, 6, 57
Cheng Te, General (ca. 1790), a Chi-
nese soldier: duplicity of, 6, 100
Chengt'ung (d. 1465), Emperor of
China: taken prisoner, 6, 32
Chenier, Marie Joseph de (1764-1811),
a French poet: opposes Napoleon,
9, 319; advocates the cause of the
proscribed conventionalists, 10, 330
Chennapatam: see Madras
Ch'enyuan (ca. 1640), Chinese slave:
story of, 6, 52
Chera, Kingdom of, India: description
of, 5, 105
Cherasco, Amnesty of (1796), an
armistice between Napoleon and
Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia,
10, 380
Cherkaski, Prince Alexis Mikhailo-
vitch (ca. 1730), a Russian conspir-
ator and statesman: conspiracy of,
15, no; a member of Anne's cabi-
net, 112; leads revolt against Biron,
126; under Anna Leopoldovna, 128
Chernichev, Russian ambassador to
England (ca. 1754): his quarrel with
Du Chatelet, 15, 144; plots for
Catherine, 155
Chernigov, Russia: under the Varan-
gians, 15, 5
Cherokee Indians, tribe of North
American Indians: religious beliefs,
23, 8; invent a system of writing,
12; friendly relations with Ogle-
thorpe, 81; trouble with Georgia,
486; Jackson's stand against, 487;
removed to Indian Territory, 488
Cherry Valley, New York: massacre
of, 23, 297
Cherubusco, Mexico: battle of (1847),
22, 349, 24, 550
Cherusci, an ancient German tribe:
location of, 18, 6; extinction of, 23;
incorporated with Saxons, 28
"Chesapeake," American frigate: at-
tacked by the " Leopard," 23, 409;
defeated by the " Shannon," 423
Chesapeake and Delaware Canal: gov-
ernment aids, 23, 442
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal: con-
structed, 23, 480
Chesney, Sir George Tomkyns (1830-
1895), British officer and author: his
plans for frontier defense, 5, 269
Chester, England: captured by the
English (613 A.D.), 11, 31; conquest
of, by William I (1070), 73
Chester, Pennsylvania: meeting of
first Pennsylvania legislature at
(1682), 23, in
Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope,
Earl of (1694-1773), English cour-
tier, orator, and wit: anticipates the
French Revolution, 10, 12
Chesme: see Tchesme
Chetardie, Joachim Jacques Trotti,
Marquis de la (1705-1758), French
diplomat: intrigues of, 15, 131, 134,
139, 16, 228
Cheverny (ca. 1700), Bishop of
Troyes: made member of the coun-
cil of regency, 9, 227
Chevert, Francois (1695-1769), French
general: in the War of the Austrian
Succession, 9, 237
Chevy Chase, Ballad of: English song
GENERAL INDEX
155
recounting incidents of battle of
Otterburn, 12, 287; see also Otter-
burn
Cheyenne Indians, tribe of North
American Indians: belong to Al-
gonquian stock, 23, 8
Chiaching, Emperor of China, 1522-
1567: reign of, 6, 35
Chiach'ing, Emperor of China, 1796-
1820: accession of, 6, 116; attempts
to assassinate, 117; death of, 122;
character of, 123
Chiao-tow, Korea: captured by the
Japanese, 7, 310
Chiari, northern Italy: battle of
(1701), 9, 220
Chibchas, tribe of South American
Indians: destruction of, 21, 18
Chicago, Illinois: its rank in Jack-
son's time, 23, 479; Republican con-
vention meets, 24, 63o; Democratic
national convention (1864), 800;
popular respect to Lincoln's re-
mains, 827; Republican convention
(1868), 857; branch of the Whiskey
Ring, 894; fire of 1871, 902; riots
during railroad strikes, 919; Repub-
lican and Democratic conventions
(1884), 942; anarchist riot (1887),
961; World's Fair, 981, 1009; Demo-
cratic convention (1892), 989; the
Pullman car strike, 1002; Democrat-
ic convention (1896), 1012; Repub-
lican convention (1904), 1062
Chichen-Itza, a ruined city of north-
ern Yucatan: battle of (1528), 22,
424
Chichester, Sir Arthur (1563-1625),
English soldier and statesman: man-
ages the Plantation in Ireland, 12,
109
Chichimecas (Chichimecs), an old
term used to designate wild and
dangerous tribes of Indians: attack
the Spaniards, 22, 137
Chickahominy River, Virginia: opera-
tions in civil war near, 24, 758
Chickamauga, Tennessee: battle of
(1863), 24, 783; Thomas at, 803
Chickasaw Bluffs or Bayou, near
Vicksburg, Mississippi: in French
claims, 23, 168; Sherman at, 24, 775
Chickasaw Indians, tribe of North
American Indians: location, 23,
8; Tecumseh seeks alliance of, 416;
removed to Indian Territory, 488
Chief Justice of the United States:
salary, 23, 346; John Jay, the first,
346
Chieh Kwei, Emperor of China, 1739-
1687 B. C: reign of, 6, 6
Ch'ien Men Gate, The, China: de-
struction of, 6, 300
Ch'ienlung, Emperor of China, 1735-
1796: accession of, 6, 82; his clem-
ency, 83; his war with Burma, 93;
greatest of Manchu rulers, 103;
abdication of, 115
Chifu (Chefoo) Convention, The
( I 875), settlement between English
and Chinese representatives, 6, 241
Chigirin, Russia: defense of, 15, 25
Chihli, China: anti-foreign demonstra-
tions in, 6, 278, 299; foreign troops
commit outrages in, 306
Ch'ihsiu (ca. 1900), Chinese Boxer:
sentenced, 6, 285
Child, Sir John (ca. 1660), English
officer: governor of Bombay, 5, 167
Child, Sir Josia (1630-1699), English
merchant: controls the company in
London, 5, 168
Child of Fortune, The: see Massena,
Andre
Child of Victory, The Favored: see
Massena, Andre
Childebert I, Frankish king, 5 11-558
A.D.: reign of, 9, 24, 18, 62
Childebert II, Frankish king, 575-596
A.D.: reign of, 9, 27
Childebert III, Frankish king, 695-711
A.D.: reign of, 9, 35
Childeric I, King of the Franks, 458-
480 A.D. : reign of, 9, 17
Childeric II, King of the Franks, 660-
673 A.D.: reign of, 9, 34, 18, 69
Childeric III, King of the Franks,
742-750 A.D.: reign of, 9, 38, 18,
75
Childs, Thomas (ca. 1850), American
colonel: in the Mexican War, 22,
333, 372
Chili, a republic of South America:
conquered by the Spaniards, 21, 21,
25; Drake lays waste the coast of,
30; work of the Jesuits in, 20, 97;
156
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
wins her independence from Spain,
8, 519, 31, 57; fro 1825 to 1876,
31, 215; from 1876 to 1906, 233, 238;
revolution of 1891, 34, 978; at war
with Bolivia, 31, 234
Chilianwala, India: battle of (1849),
5, 226
Chili- Argentine Dispute (1895-1902),
over boundaries, 31, 261
Chilkoot Pass, Alaska: awarded to
United States in Alaskan boundary
dispute, 24, 1054
Chilperic I, Frankish king, 561-584 A.
D.: reign of, 9, 26, 18, 61
Chilperic II, Frankish king, 715-720
A.D.: reign of, 18, 71
Ch'in Dynasty, The, ca. 300 B. C.
reign of, 6, 10
Ch'in Dynasty, the Western, from 265
A.D., 6, 14
China, History of: early history of the
empire, 6, 3; the Yuan and Ming
dynasties, 17; rise of the Manchus,
42; the reigns of Yungcheng and
Ch'ienlung, 78; the opening of dip-
lomatic intercourse with foreign na
tions, 107; the reign of Chiach'ing
and the first years of his successor
116; foreign relations and the Opiun
War with England, 127; the second
foreign war, 155; Anglo-French
wars, 169; the T'aip'ing Rebellion
193; the Nienfei and Mohammedan
Rebellions, 209; the last years of
T'ungchih and the accession of
Kwanghsii, 223; the war with Japan
6, 265, 7, 16, 26, 191; reforms, reac-
tion, and the Boxer Rebellion, 6
275; the coup d'etat of 1898, 289;
the Boxer movement, 6, 296, 24
1047; the Russo-Japanese War, 6
308, 7, 276; the present situation, 6
318; immigration to the United
States restriction in party plat-
forms (1880), 24, 931
China, The Philosopher of: see Con-
fucius
Chincha Islands, off the coast of Peru:
seized by Spain, 21, 203, 220
Chinese Exclusion Act, an act passed
by the Congress of the United
States (1878): passed, 24, 921; cam-
paigns of 1888, 958; reenacted, 6,
320, 24, 1048
Chinese in America: movement
against, 24, 919; immigration re-
stricted, 931
Ching, Prince (living), a Chinese en-
voy: appointed plenipotentiary, 6,
278, 285, 303; accepts terms of peace
with powers, 286; his negotiations
concerning Manchuria, 7, 289, 295
Ch'ing Dynasty, The, Chinese rulers:
established, 6, 49
Chingis Khan or Chinghis Khan: see
Genghis Khan
Chinhai, China: capture of, 6, 138
Chinkiang, China: capture of, 6, 140
Chin-lien-cheng, China: Japanese take,
15, 361
Chino-Japanese War, a war between
China and Japan (1894-1895):
causes, 6, 265, 266, 7, 253; battles of
Asan (1894), 6, 266; of the Yalu
River (1894), 268; Port Arthur
(1894), 268; peace treaty, 270; re-
sults, 6, 268, 275, 290, 313, 11, 639
Chinsurah, British India: siege of
(1759), 5, 155
Chintila, King of the Goths, 7th cen-
tury A. D.: reign of, 8, 44
Chios, an island in the /Egean Sea:
colonized by Greeks, 2, 55; His-
tioeus at, 136; fleet of, at Lade, 137;
revolts from Persia, 212; from Ath-
ens, 352; from Sparta, 401; beset by
the Athenians, 357; joins Athenian
naval alliance, 429; engages in the
Social War, 454; taken by Memnon,
490; rise of, 513; massacre at, 544
Chios, The Man of: see Homer
Chippenham, Peace of, a peace be-
tween Alfred and the Danes, 11,
43
Chippewa, Canada: battle of (18 14),
23, 425
Chitor, India: seige of (1303), 5, 99
Chitral, India: seige of (1895), 5, 278
Chitu (ca. 1815), a leader of the Pin-
daris in India: leads revolt, 5, 208
Chiulien-cheng, China: captured by
the Japanese, 7, 267
Chlodoweg: see Clovis
Chlopicki, Joseph (1771-1854), a Po-
GENERAL INDEX
157
lish general: in the Polish insurrec-
tion, 15, 293
Chlumec, Austria-Hungary: reign of
(1126), 17, 66
Choate, Rufus, an American lawyer
and statesman: born in Ipswich,
now called Essex, Massachusetts,
October 1, 1799; as a boy showed
unusual natural endowments, was
graduated from Dartmouth College,
1819, and, after the study of law at
Cambridge, entered the office of the
Attorney-General of United States
at Washington; practised law in
Danvers, Massachusetts; went to
Salem, where he was elected, 1832,
representative of the Essex South
District in Congress; upon remov-
ing to Boston he was closely en-
gaged in his profession and soon
gained a reputation as an eloquent
lawyer; became United States Sen-
ator, 1841, and made some forcible
speeches in the Senate; returned to
the practice of his profession, in
1845, and never entered the public
service again in spite of solicita-
tions; retired from business upon
the failure of his health in 1859, and
sailed for Europe but died at Hali-
fax, Nova Scotia, July 13, 1859
' Makes campaign speeches (1840),
24, 524; quoted on influence of " Un-
cle Tom's Cabin," 638; his influence
in election (1856), 657
Choco, South America: rebels against
Spanish authority, 31, 56
Chocolate: first used in England, 11,
418
Choctaw Indians, a tribe of North
Americans: location, 23, 8; Tecum-
seh seeks alliance of, 416; removal
to Indian Territory, 488
Choiseul, fitienne Francois, Due de
(1719-1785), a French statesman:
Louis XV intrigues against policy
of, 5, 180; expels Jesuits from
France, 8, 419; urges peace with
England, 9, 246; disgraced and ban-
ished, 249; his policy in Sweden,
16, 229; intrigues against England,
20, 125
Chokier, de (ca. 1830), member of Bel-
gium provisional government, 13,
1297
Chola, Kingdom of, India: description
of, 5, 105
Cholet, France: battles of (i793) 10,
248 note, 249, 276
Cholula, Mexico: battle of (1519)* 33 >
20
Chom Wei-king (ca. 1600), minister
from China: attempts to negotiate
peace with Japan, 7, 119
Chorillos, Peru: taken by the Chilians
(1881), 3i, 237
Chosroes: see Khusru
Chotek, Count (ca. 1848), Burggrave
of Bohemia: resigns, 17, 350
Chotek, Count Rudolf (ca. 1740), an
Austrian statesman: intrusted with
the reform of the finances in the
hereditary provinces, 17, 257; policy
of, 262; resigns, 274
Chotek, Countess Sophia: marries the
Archduke Francis Ferdinand (1900),
17, 456
Chotimir (8th century, A.D.), Prince
of the Slovenes: labors for the con-
version of his people, 17, 37
Chotin, Russia: fall of (1739), 14, 314.
15, 124; surrender of (1769), 15, 176
Chouannerie, The, a guerrilla warfare
in France, 1794-1796: sketch of, 10,
248 note
Chouans, royalist insurgents of Brit-
tany during the French revolution:
plots against Napoleon, 10, 441
Chow Dynasty, The, China, 6, 8
Chow Sin, an early emperor of China,
6, 7
Chramme (ca. 547 A. D.), Frankish
prince: rebellion of, 9, 26
Christchurch, New Zealand: founded,
20, 213
Christian I (1426-1481), King of Den-
mark, 1448-1481: accession of, 16,
132; his relations with Slesvig-Hol-
stein, 266; death of, 136
Christian II (1481-1559), King of
Denmark and Norway, 1513-1523,
called the Nero of the North: sketch
of, 16, no; education of, 147; made
Viceroy of Norway, 148; crowned
153
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
King of Sweden, 149; flees from his
realm, 154; reign of, 189; deposition
and imprisonment of, 192
Christian III (1502-1559), King of
Denmark and Norway, 1534-1559,
called the Father of the People: re-
moves Christian II to Kallundborg,
16, 192; reign of, 194; death of, 195
Christian IV (1577-1648), King of
Denmark and Norway, 1588-1648:
reign of, 16, 199; his wars against
Sweden, 176, 187; takes part in the
Thirty Years' War, 9, 190, 16, 180,
201; makes alliance with England,
11, 321; forms union against Fred-
erick II of Germany, 18, 273
Christian V (1646-1699), King of Den-
mark and Norway, 1670-1699: reign
of, 16, 233; death of, 236
Christian VI (1699-1746), King of
Denmark and Norway, 1730-1746:
reign of, 16, 238
Christian VII (1749-1808), King of
Denmark and Norway, 1766-1808:
reign of, 16, 240; his relations to
Slesvig-Holstein, 267; death of, 257
Christian VIII (1 786-1848), King of
Denmark, 1839-1849: reign of, 16,
265
Christian IX (1818-1906), King of
Denmark, 1863-1906, called the pa-
triarch of Europe: made heir pre-
sumptive, 16, 273; in the Schleswig-
Holstein controversy, 18, 408; Bis-
marck recognizes his claim on Sles-
vig-Holstein, 16, 274; party to the
Treaty of Vienna (1864), 17, 391;
death of, 16, 291
Christian (19th century), Duke of
Augustenburg: in the Slesvig-Hol-
stein controversy, 16, 268, 272; re-
nounces his pretensions, 273
Christian (early 17th century), Prince
of Brunswick: struggles against im-
perial forces, 13, 204; campaigns of,
18, 271, 273
Christian Augustus (d. 1810), Prince
of Augustenburg: proposed as Dan-
ish king, 16, 252; death of, 253
Christian Frederick, King of Norway,
1814 : elected king, 16, 260
Christian Alliance, The, a league be-
tween Austria and the Catholic
states of Switzerland (1529), 13, 442
Christian Commission, The, an or-
ganization which looked after the
spiritual and mental needs of sol-
diers during the Civil War: work of,
24, 825
Christianity: see Religion
Christina (1626-1689), Queen of
Sweden, 1632-1654, called the Snow
Queen: commended to the diet, 16,
180: reign of, 204; abdication of,
206; reclaims the throne, 207
Christina, Fort, on the Delaware:
erected by the Swedes (1638), 16,
179
Christophe, Henri (1767-1820), negro
insurgent of Hayti: leads resistance
to French, 20, 140; insurrection
against Dessalines, 22, 493
Christopher I (d. 1259), King of Den-
mark, ca. 1250-1259: invested with
Laaland and Falster, 16, 91; reign
of, 92
Christopher II (1276-1333), King of
Denmark, 1319-1333: pawns Danish
provinces, 16, 107; accession of, 113;
deposition and death of, 113
Christopher (III) of Bavaria (d. 1448),
King of Denmark, 1440-1448: re-
gency of, 16, 129; accession to Dan-
ish throne, 129; chosen King of
Sweden and Norway, 130; death of,
132
Christopher (16th century), Count of
Oldenburg: in the Count's Feud,
16, 194
Chrobates, Poland: location of the, 15,
372
Chu: see Hungwu
Chuai, Emperor of Japan, ca. 200 A.
D. : his campaign against the Ku-
maso, 7, 12
Chuang, Prince (ca. 1900), Boxer
leader: sentence of, 6, 285
Chukyo, Emperor of Japan, ca. 1220:
accession of, 7, 71
Chumbi Valley, between India and
Tibet: British occupation of, 6, 316,
317
Chumda Sahib (d. 1756), Nabob of the
Carnatic: recognized by the French,
9, 242
Chung How (ca. 1870), Chinese of-
GENERAL INDEX
159
ficial: appointed to investigate mas-
sacre of Christians, 6, 224; sent to
Paris, 227
Chung Wang (d. 1862), Chinese
prince: in rebellion, 6, 193; his
death, 205
Chunghwan (d. ca. 1630), Chinese
leader: marches on Peking, 6, 47;
executed, 48
Chuquisaca: see Sucre
Church, Benjamin (1639-1718), Amer-
ican soldier: captures King Philip,
23, 98
Church of England: see Episcopal
Church
Churches, The City of Forty-times
Forty: see Moscow
Churchill, Lord Randolph (1849-1895),
an English politician: his report
concerning Mashonaland, 19, 229
Churubusco: see Cherubusco
Cialdini, Enrico (1811-1892), Italian
general, politician, and diplomat: in
the war against the Papacy, 4, 381;
sent against Garibaldi, 387
Cibola, fabled city of Mexico: search
for, 22, 112, 23, 41
Cicala, Pasha (ca. 1600), Turkish
leader: account of, 14, 206, 207, 208
Cicero, Marcus Tullius, Roman ora-
tor, philosopher, and statesman,
called the Father of his Country and
the Father of Roman Philosophy:
born at Arpinum, Italy, January 3,
106 B.C.; belonged by birth to the
equestrian order, educated by Ar-
chias, the Greek poet and Aelius
the grammarian; received toga vir-
ilis, in 91 B.C., and thereupon took
up the study of law; served in the
Social War, 89 B.C.; after which he
resumed his studies; became a
pleader in the Forum at the age of
twenty-five and his first well-known
defense was that of Sextus Roscius
Amerinus; traveled in the interests
of health and learning, 70-77; elected
quaestor, 76; conducted prosecution
of Verres; elected aedile, 69; be-
came praetor, 66, during which time
he made his celebrated speech for
the Manilian Law; candidate for
consulship, 64, and entered upon
office January, 63; achieved a repu-
tation in suppressing Catalina's
conspiracy, 63; upon retiring from
office became a private senator in
Rome; refused to join the First
Triumvirate, 60; on account of a
law proposed by Clodius through
enmity for Cicero, he retired into
Greece, April, 58 B.C.; was recalled
to Rome, September, 57; appointed
governor of Cilicia, 51-50; fluctu-
ated between Caesar and Pompey in
their dispute, but finally went over
to Caesar; devoted himself to com-
position in retirement, took no part
in assassination of Caesar, de-
nounced actions of Mark Antony
in the Philippics; was proscribed
by triumvirs and killed by the in-
strument of Antony on December
7, 43 B.C.
Indicts verses, 3, 266; favors
Pompey for command in the East,
271; elected consul, 281; denounces
conspiracy of Catilina, 282; attempt
to assassinate, 282; banished, 291;
recalled, 312; in the service of the
regents, 317; joins the murders of
Caesar, 4, 6; attacks Antonius in
the Senate, 11; attempts to unite
all parties against Antonius, 12;
publishes his second Philippic, 13;
commands in Rome, 13; death, 15
Cicero, Quintus Tullius (102-43 B.C.),
Roman commander: in battle with
the Gauls, 3, 305
Cicero, The British: see Pitt, William
(1708-1778)
Cicero of the British Senate, The:
see Canning, George
Cienfuegos, Cuba: blockaded, 24, 1027
Cilicia, Asia Minor: conquered by the
Saracens, 1, 288; first steps toward
formation of province, 3, 187; en-
larged, 275; inhabitants of, 259
Cimber, Lucius Tullius (ca. 50 B.C.),
Roman politician: plots against
Caesar, 4, 4
Cimbri, an ancient tribe of Central
Europe: defeat the Romans, 3, 192,
17, 11, 18, 4
Cimmerians (Kimmerians, Gimirrai,
or Gomer), an early tribe dwelling
160
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
north of the Black Sea: devastate
Lydia, I, 144, 2, 116
Cimon (d. 449 B.C.), Athenian com-
mander: Athenian general, 2, 222;
his victories, 228; his character and
policy, 232; victorious at the Eury-
medon, 233; aids Sparta, 237; ostra-
cized, 240; recalled, 247; last vic-
tories of, 247
Cinadon (d. 397 B.C.), Spartan con-
spirator; conspiracy of, 2, 398
Cincinnati, Ohio: rank in Jackson's
time, 23, 479; Democratic conven-
tion (1856), 24, 652; Lincoln makes
speech at, 706; Liberal Republican
convention, 890; branch of the
Whiskey Ring, 894; Republican con-
vention (1876), 906; Democratic
convention (1880), 930
Cineas (d. 277 B.C.), Thessalian poli-
tician: peace envoy to Rome, 3,
77
Cinna, Lucius Cornelius (d. 84 B.C.):
elected consul (87 B.C.), 3, 212;
leader of movement to recall exiles,
221; besieges Rome, 222; absolute
power of, 224; death, 225
"Cinq-cents," Council of the: French
council (1795) with initiatory legis-
lative power, 10, 352; list of its
members condemned to exile by the
law of public safety, 392
Cinq-Mars, Henri Coiffier de Ruze,
Marquis de (1620-1642), French
courtier: conspires against Riche-
lieu, 9, 194
Cintra, Portugal: battle of (1808),
10, 477
Cintra, Convention of: a treaty con-
cluded between France and Eng-
land relative to France (1808), II,
563
Cintra, Pedro de (ca. 1460), Portu-
guese navigator: explorations of,
19, 17
Circassians, a tribe inhabiting south-
ern Russia: immigration of the, 15,
330; right of dominion over, 14,
292
Cirta, Numidia, Africa: siege of, 3,
188; occupied by Bocchus and Sit-
tius, 358
Cisalpine Republic, a state formed in
northern Italy (1797): formed by
Bonaparte, 10, 384
Cisneros, (ca. 1810), Viceroy of the
La Plata provinces: deposed, 21,
57
Cisneros, Ximines, a Spanish cardi-
nal: made regent of Spain, 8, 339
Cisplatine Province: see Montevideo
Cistercian Monks, Order of, a Catho-
lic religious order: founding and
rules of, 11, 92; in Switzerland, 13,
355; in Denmark, 16, 81; invited to
Sweden, 101
Citate, Roumania: battle of (1854),
15, 308
Cithaeron, Mount, Greece: description
of, 2, 11, 12
Cities, The Restorer of: see Sancho
(I), King of Portugal
Citizen King, The: see Louis Philippi,
King of France
City, The Eternal: see Rome
City, The Fishing: see Sidon
City, The Martyr: see Moscow
City, The Seven-hilled: see Rome
City, The White: see Belgrade
City of Brotherly Love, The: see
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
City of David, The: see Jerusalem
City of Elms, The: see New Haven,
Connecticut
City of Forty-times Forty Churches,
The: see Moscow
City of Magnificent Distances, The:
see Washington, D. C.
City of Masts, The: see London, Eng-
land
City of Notions, The: see Boston,
Massachusetts
City of Peace, The: see Jerusalem
City of St. Mark, The: see Venice
City of the Golden Gate, The: see
San Francisco
City of the Rocks, The: see Nashville,
Tennessee
City of the Seven Hills, The: see
Rome, and also Constantinople
City of the Seventy Isles, The: see
Venice
City of the Straits, The: see Detroit,
Michigan
GENERAL INDEX
161
City of Victory, The: see Cairo,
Egypt
City of the Violated Treaty, The: see
Limerick, Ireland
City of the Violet Crown, The: see
Athens, Greece
Ciudad Rodrigo, Spain: captured by
Wellington, II, 565
Ciudad-Real, Spain: battle of (1809),
9. 337
Civil Rights Act, in United States
history, an act passed by Congress
in 1866 conferring upon all persons
of color the rights of citizenship:
passed, 24, 844
Civil Service, in the United States:
under Jefferson, 23, 391; reorgan-
ized by Jackson, 483; agitated, 24,
937; under Grant and Hayes, 938;
Pendleton Act passed, 938; under
Cleveland, 1007
Civil War, American, a civil war in
the United States, 1861-1865: causes,
24, 561, 684; comparative resources,
724; Bull Run (i860, 734; (1862),
1763; Mill Spring (1862), 742; Chan-
cellorsville (1863), 771; Vicksburg
(1863), 777; Gettysburg (1863), 778;
Chickamauga (1863), 783; war de-
clared at end, 845; results of, polit-
ical, 801; to negro race, 874; costs
of, 821
Civil War in Rome, a war between
Caesar and Pompey, 49-46 B.C.:
causes, 3, 330-333; battles of Phar-
salus (48 B.C.), 348; Thapsus (46
B.C.), 358; results, 360-362
Civilis, Claudius, a Batavian leader
(ca. 70 A.D.) : leads insurrection in
Gaul, 4, 76; attempts to expel the
Romans, 13, 9
Claiborne, William (1589-1676), an
American colonial politician: trouble
with Lord Baltimore, 23, 71
Claiborne, William Charles Cole
O775-1817), an American politician:
governor of Mississippi Territory,
2 3, 395; governor of Louisiana, 399
Clair fait (Clerfayt), Francois Sebas-
tian Charles Joseph de Croix, an
Austrian general: his campaigns in
the Franco-Austrian war, 9, 279
Clair-sur-Epte, Treaty of, a treaty
between Charles the Simple and
Rolf the Norseman (911 A.D.), 16,
15
Clam Martinitz, imperial adjutant gen-
eral of Austria: made member of
council of regency, 17, 345; leads
Czech party, 403
Clam-Gallas, Eduard, Count (1805-
1891), an Austrian general: cam-
paigns of, 18, 410
Claparede, Count (early 19th century),
a French general: his campaign
against Russia, 15, 226
Clare, Gilbert de, Earl of" Gloucester :
see Gloucester, Gilbert de Clare,
Earl of
Clare, Richard de (Richard Strong-
bow), Earl of Pembroke (d. 1 177),
an English warrior: his career in
Ireland, 12, 49, 52
Claremont, Count of (ca. 1485):
claims guardianship of Charles VIII
of France, 9, 126
Clarence, George, Duke of (1449-
1478), a brother of Edward IV of
England: created duke, 11, 214;
marries daughter of Earl of War-
wick, 216; flees to France, 216; joins
Henry IV, 217
Clarence, Lionel, Duke of (1338-1368):
made lord lieutenant of Ireland, 12,
64; death of, 11, 218
Clarendon, Assize of, ordinance of
Henry II of England introducing
important changes in judicial ad-
ministration (1166), 11, 103
Clarendon, Constitutions of, ordi-
nances adopted at the council of
Clarendon to limit the abuses of
the Vatican (1164): adopted, 11, 101;
Henry II abandons, 108
Clarendon, Earl of: see Albemarle,
Duke of
Clarendon, Edward Hyde, Earl of:
see Hyde, Edward, Earl of Claren-
don
Clarendon, George William Frederick,
Earl of (1800-1870), an English
statesman: concludes treaty with
the United States, 24, 882
Clark, Champ (1850 ), an Amer-
ican congressman: in Democratic
convention (1004), 24, 1064
163
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Clark, George Rogers (1752-1818), an
American soldier and frontiersman:
conquers Northwest Territory, 23,
317
Clark, William (1770-1838), an Amer-
ican soldier and explorer: explora-
tions of, 20, 130, 23, 400
Clarke, Sir Alfred (1745-1832), an
English soldier: becomes acting
governor-general of India, 5, 196
Clarke, John (1609-1676), an English
physician and one of the founders
of Rhode Island: settles at Aquid-
neck, 23, 94; secures new charter
for Rhode Island, 94
Clarke, Henry F. (ca. 1847), an Amer-
ican colonel in the Mexican war:
in the Mexican War, 22, 348
Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846), an
English abolitionist: crusade against
slavery, 11, 540, 19, 40, 20, 238
Clary, Aldingen, Count (1844 ), an
Austrian statesman: made premier
of Austria, 17, 436
Clary, Desiree (ca. 1800), wife of Karl
Johann: sketch of, 16, 260
Classes, Act of, an act passed in Scot-
land which shut out from holding
office all profane persons and ene-
mies of the Covenant (1648), 12, 341
Claude (ca. 1500), daughter of Anne
of Brittany: marries Francis, Count
of Angouleme, 9, 133
Claudius I (Liberius Claudius Drusus
Nero Germanicus) (10 B. C.-S4 A.
D.), Emperor of Rome, 41-54 A. D.:
character, 4, 53; reign of, 58; death,
6l ! H
Claudius II (Marcus Aurelius Claud-
ius) (214-270 A.D.), Emperor of
Rome, 268-270 A. D.: reign of, 4,
no; condition of Spain under, 8,
25; sends Aulus Plautius to invade
Britain, IX, 8; defeats the barba-
rians, 18, 29
Claudius Caecus, Appius (d. ca. 280
B.C.), a Roman statesman: speech
against Pyrrhus, 3, 78
Claudius Caudex, Appius, Roman con-
sul (294 B.C.) : raises the siege of
Messana, 3, 100
Claudius Civilis (1st century A. D.),
chief of the Batavi: joins Gauls in
revolt against Rome, 18, 23
Claudius Crassus Sabinus Regillensis,
Appius, Roman consul, 451 B. C:
tyranny of, 3, 45
Claudius Pulcher, Appius, Roman
consul, 143 B. C: favors reforms, 3,
175
Claudius Pulcher, Appius, Roman
consul, 54 B. C: at the conference
of the regents, 3, 315
Claudius Pulcher, Caius Appius (d.
167 B. C.) Roman consul, 177 B.
C: in the third Macedonian War,
3, 149
Claudius Pulcher, Publius, Roman con-
sul, 249 B. C: at the battle of Dre-
pana, 3, 103
Claudius Sabinus Regillensis, Appius
(Attus Clausus), the Sabine founder
of the Claudia gens, Roman con-
sul, 495 B. C: forces law of debt,
3, 40
Clausel, Bertrand (1772-1842), a mar-
shal of France: governor-general of
Algeria, 9, 411
Claw-men, the poor countryfolk in
Switzerland: description of, 13, 544
Clay, Cassius Marcellus (d. 1903), an
American soldier and lawyer: joins
Liberal movement, 24, 890
Clay, Clement Claiborne (1819-1882),
an American politician: farewell
speech in the Senate, 24, 699
Clay, Henry, an American orator and
statesman, called the Mill-boy of
the Slashes: born near Richmond,
Virginia, April 12, 1777; received a
common school education; became a
copying clerk in the court of chan-
cery at Richmond; studied law and
was admitted to the bar, 1797; re-
moved to Kentucky which he rep-
resented in the United States Con-
gress, 1806-1807 and 1810-1811; was
a member of the House of Rep-
resentatives, 1811-1821, serving as
Speaker, 1811-1814, 1815-1820, and
1823-1825; sent as peace commis-
sioner to Ghent, 1814; was the chief
author of the Missouri Compromise,
1820; was candidate for the Presi-
GENERAL INDEX
163
dency, 1824, 1832, and 1844; Secre-
tary of State, 1825-1829; United
States Senator, 1831-1842 and 1849-
1852; was the originator of the Com-
promise Tariff of 1833; lived in re-
tirement at Ashland, 1842-1844; died
in Washington, D. C, June 29,
1852
Member of Congress, 23, 417;
appointed on peace commission,
429; favors tariff for west, 438;
views Texas as part of Louisiana
Purchase, 445; sympathy for South
American republics, 446; opposes
prohibition of slavery in Arkansas,
453; compromise proposed by, 455;
champion of protection, 457; sketch
of, 461; rivalry with Jackson, 463;
offers tariff compromise, 496; nom-
inated for President (1831), 498;
leader of the Democratic-Repub-
lican Party, 24, 519; proposed nom-
inee of Whig Party, 520; anger at
defeat for nomination, 522; makes
campaign speeches (1840), 523;
quoted on United States claims to
Texas, 532; nominated for Presi-
dent (1844), 537; son killed at
Buena Vista, 548; opposes Mexican
War, 554; candidate for Presidential
nomination (1848), 557; president of
American Colonization Society, 571;
returns to Congress (1850), 600;
proposes compromise measures,
601; his speech in Congress (1850),
602; statue of, in New Orleans, 976;
interest in an isthmian canal, 1055;
death, 620
Clayton, John Middleton (1 796-1 856),
an American politician: negotiates
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, 34, 613
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, concluded be-
tween Great Britain and the United
States (1850), 24, 613; secures co-
operation of Great Britain, 1056;
annulled, 1058
Clazomenae, Ionian city of Asia
Minor: taken by the Persians, 2,
J 3S; revolts from Athens, 352
Clear the Causeway, Scotland: battle
of (1522), 12, 302
Clearchus (d. 401 B.C.), Spartan gen-
eral: leads expedition of the Ten
Thousand, 2, 389; slain, 389
Clear-grits, extreme Democrats in
Canada: policy of, 20, 160
Clearidas (ca. 420 B.C.), Spartan gen-
eral: sketch of, 2, 318
Cleburne, Patrick (1828-1864), Irish-
American general: death of, 24, 803
Cleippides (ca. 420 B.C.), Athenian
general: besieges Mitylene, 2, 291
Cleisthenes (ca. 590 B.C.), Athenian
politician: expels Tippias from Ath-
ens, 2, 112; leader of Democrats at
Athens, 140; exiled, 141; recalled,
141; his constitutional reforms, 144
Cleitus (d. ca. 328 B.C.), Macedonian
general: saves Alexander's life, 2,
489; murdered by Alexander, 501
Clemence of Hungary (ca. 1300) : mar-
ries Louis X of France, 9, 89
Clemens, Flavius (d. 95 A.D.), Chris-
tian martyr: death, 4, 84
Clement II (Suidgar) (d. 1047), Pope,
1046-1047: appointed by Henry III
of Germany, 18, 129
Clement III (Guibert) (d. 1100), anti-
Pope, 1080: appointed by Henry IV
of Germany, 18, 136
Clement III (Paoli Scolari) (d. 1191),
Pope, 1187-1191: confirms claim of
Scottish clergy to independence, 12,
267
Clement V (Bertrand d'Agoust) (ca.
1264-1314), Pope, 1305-1314: acces-
sion of, 9, 88; gives crown of Na-
ples to Robert, 4, 260
Clement VI (Pierre Roger) (1292-
1352), Pope, 1342-1352: at war with
the emperor, 17, 115; attempts to
restore peace between Pedro IV of
Aragon and Jayme of Majorca, 8,
254; opposes Louis of Bavaria, 18,
190; acquits Joanna of Naples of
the murder of Andrew, 4, 260
Clement VII (Robert of Geneva) (ca.
1342-1394), anti-Pope, 1378: election
of, 9, 105
Clement VII (Giulio de' Medici) (ca.
I47S-I534), Pope, 1523-1534: acces-
sion of, 18, 245; his relations with
Charles V of Germany, 246; his re-
lations with Frederick J of Den-
164*
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
mark, 16, 193; joins the League of
Cognac, 4, 303; refuses to sanction
divorce of Henry VIII of England,
u, 246
Clement VIII (Ippolito Aldobrandini)
(1536-1605), Pope, 1592-1605: en-
courages peace between France and
Spain, 13, 164; absolves Henry IV
of France, 9, 170
Clement XI (Giovanni Francesco Al-
bani) (1649-1721), Pope, 1700-1721:
issues a bull against the emperor,
17, 190
Clement XIV (Giovanni Vincenzo An-
tonio Ganganelli) (1705-1774), Pope,
1769-1774, called the Protestant
Pope: suppresses the Jesuits, 8,
419, 9, 248, 18, 357; embellishes
Rome, 4, 341
Clement, Jacques (ca. 1565-1589), a
French monk: assassinates Henry
III of France, 9, 165
Cleombrotus I, King of Sparta, 380-
371 B. C. : invades Boeotia, 2, 428;
slain at Leuctra, 434
Cleomenes I, King of Sparta, 518-489
B.C., called the Mad King of Lace-
daemon: in expeditions against the
Athenians, 2, 141; defeats the Ar-
gives, 156; at Aegina, 163; death
of, 173
Cleomenes III, King of Sparta, 236-
222 B.C.: last of the Spartans, .2,
517
Cleon (d. 422 B.C.), Athenian dema-
gogue: accuses Pericles, 2, 283; ad-
vocates massacre of Lesbians, 294;
his character, 294; opposes peace,
304; at Spacteria, 306; killed at Am-
phipolis, 317
Cleon (ca. 100 B.C.), Cilician slave:
leader of slave revolt, 3, 173
Cleopatra, last Queen of Egypt, fa-
mous for her beauty and dramatic
history: born at Alexandria, Egypt,
69 B.C.; joint-ruler with her brother
Ptolemy, 51-49, expelled by him,
but reinstated in 48 by Caesar; lived
with Caesar in Rome, 46-44, to whom
she bore a son; returned to Egypt
upon Caesar's death; visited Anto-
nius at Tarsus, 41, and brought him
into subjection to her charms; was
put to flight by Octavianus in the
naval battle of Actium; unwilling to
adorn the triumph of Octavianus
and affected by the death of Anto-
nius, she poisoned herself at Alex-
andria, 30 B. C.
Reign of, 1, 34; driven from the
throne of Egypt, 3, 351; restored
to her throne, 354; her influence
over Caesar, 4, 5; her influence over
Antonius, 19, 23; at the battle of
Actium, 25; death of, 2, 522, 4, 27
Cleopatra (ca. 330 B.C.): wife of
Philip of Macedon, 2, 481
Cleopatra, sister of Alexander (d. 308
B.C.): murdered, 2, 511
Cleophon (d. 405 B.C.), Athenian dem-
agogue: opposes peace, 2, 366, 374;
death of, 378
Clepho, King of Italy, 573-587 A. D.:
reign of, 4, 165
Clerfayt: see Clairfait
Clergy, The, in America: influence of,
in New England, 23, 139; influence
of, in the Colonies, 145; of the
Southern Colonies, 149; made sub-
ject to laws in Virginia, 150; salaries
paid in tobacco in Virginia, 150
Clergy, The, in France: oppose the
Revolution, 10, 106
Clericals, the Catholic party in Eu-
rope: in Belgium, 13, 291; in Ger-
many, 18, 439
"Clericis laicos," a Papal Bull: issued
by Boniface VIII, 11, 149
Clermont: see Gergovia
Clermont, Louis de Bourbon-Conde,
Count of ( 1 709-1 770), French
prince: in Seven Years' War, 9,
245
Clermont, Robert of (d. 1357), Mar-
shal of Normandy: death of, 9, 100
Clermont-Tonnerre, Stanislaus, Count
of (1747-1792), French Liberal:
urges nobles to resume their seats
in the assembly, 9, 263; opposes the
sending of the deputation to the
king, 10, 67; favors the English
constitution, 80
Cleruchies, Greek colonies in close
connection with the mother city:
Athenian system of, 2, 144 note,
249, 258
GENERAL INDEX
165
Cleveland, Ohio: Lincoln makes
speech at, 24, 706; Fremont nom-
inated by convention at, 799; popu-
lar respect to Lincoln's remains,
827; Garfield buried in, 934
Cleveland, Grover, an American states-
man: President of the United States,
1885-1889 and 1893-1897; born at
Caldwell, N. J., March 18, 1837;
studied at Clinton Academy; read
law in Buffalo and was admitted to
the bar, 1859; was assistant district
attorney of Erie County, 1863-1866;
was defeated for district attorney,
1865; served as sheriff of Erie
County, 1871-1874; was Democratic
mayor of Buffalo, 1882; was elected
to the Presidency of the United
States by the Democratic party,
1884; was defeated for a second
term, 1888, but was reelected, by a
great majority, 1892; refused to sup-
port the Democratic ticket and plat-
form, 1896, and retired to his home
at Princeton, N. J.
Early life, 24, 944; nominated for
President (1884), 944; inauguration
(1885), 949; Civil Service Reform,
950, 1007; uses his veto power, 952;
refuses to sign Chinese Exclusion
Act, 958; refuses to submit treaty
with Nicaragua to Senate, 959; de-
feated on tariff issue, 963; second
nomination unanimous, 965; nom-
inated for President (1892), 989;
second inauguration, 993; recom-
mends repeal of Sherman Silver
Law, 994; his relations with Ha-
waii, 20, 310, 24, 998; with Vene-
zuela, 11, 639, 31, 264, 24, 1000; sub-
dues strike in Chicago, 1003; finan-
cial depression of 1894, 1005; check-
mated by Republican Congress,
1007; at the opening of the World's
Fair, 1010; his message to Congress
concerning Cuban question, 1022:
withdraws Nicaraguan treaty, 1056
Cleves, Succession of, dispute occa-
sioned by the extinction of the
Cleves line in 1609, 18, 266
Clichy, The Club of, French political
club (1797), 10, 388
Clients, Roman inhabitants without
citizenship who were legally repre-
sented by patrons: position of, 3,
11
Cliff-dwellers, American aborigines :
description, 23, 11
Clifford, Sir Conyers (ca. 1600), Eng-
lish official: made president of Con-
naught, 12, 95
Clifford, Nathan (1803-1881), an Amer-
ican jurist: plenipotentiary to Mex-
ico, 22, 378; member of the Elec-
toral Commission, 24, 913 note
Climax, Mount, Asia Minor: Alexan-
der at, 2, 490
Clinch, Colonel (ca. 1800), American
soldier: in East Florida, 23, 444
Clinton, Mississippi: race riot at, 24,
872 note
Clinton, De Witt, an American lawyer
and statesman, called the Father of
the Erie Canal: born at Little Brit-
ain, N. Y., March 2, 1769; was grad-
uated at Columbia College, 1786;
studied law but never gave it much
attention as a profession; became
private secretary to the Governor of
New York, who was also his uncle,
George Clinton; was elected a mem-
ber of the legislature of New York,
1797; was chosen State Senator,
1798; was elected Senator of the
United States, 1802; served as
Mayor of New York City, 1803-
1807, 1809-1810, and 1811-1815, and
as lieutenant-governor of the State,
1811-1813; was nominated for the
Presidency, 1812, but was defeated;
advocated the construction of the
Erie Canal; was Governor of New
York State, 1817-1823 and 1825-
1828; celebrated the opening of the
Erie Canal, 1825; wrote some essays
on natural history; died at Albany,
February II, 1828
Defeated for President, 23, 434;
Erie Canal projected by, 479
Clinton, George (d. 1761), English
admiral and colonial governor: ap-
points Johnson colonel of Six Na-
tions, 23, 176
Clinton, George (1739-1812) American
statesman and general: Governor
of New York, 23, 311; member of
166
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
New York ratification convention,
337; receives Washington in New
York, 341; absent from first Con-
gress, 343; candidate for Vice-pres-
ident (1792), 357; nominated for
Vice-president (1805), 401; elected
Vice-president, 402; nominated Vice-
president (1809), 413
Clinton, Sir Henry (1738-1795), an
English general: arrives at Boston,
23, 231; sent to take possession of
the Southern Colonies, 236; at bat-
tle of Monmouth, 262; succeeds
Howe, 262; captures Charleston,
272; sends Arnold to devastate Con-
necticut, 285
Clinton, Sir William (ca. 1825), Eng-
lish commander: keeps order in
Portugal, 8, 535
Clisson, Oliver (d. 1340), noble of
Brittany: murder of, 9, 94
Clisson, Oliver de (1 332-1407), French
constable: his campaign in Flan-
ders, 9, 107; attempted assassination
of, 108
Clive, Robert, Baron Clive of Plassey,
an English commander and states-
man: born of a rather impoverished
family at Styche, Shropshire, Eng-
land, September 29, 1725; entered
the service of the East India Com-
pany at Madras as a writer, 1743;
received an ensign's commission,
when war broke out between the
French and British in India and
served at the siege of Pondicherry,
1748; captured Arcot, 1750; returned
to England for his health, 1753;
was sent back as governor of Fort
Saint David, 1755; was sent to
avenge the outrage of the " Black
Hole " of Calcutta, and reduced the
Nabob, 1757; won the battle of
Plassey, 1757; was appointed gov-
ernor of Bengal, 1758; defeated the
Dutch armament, 1759; returned to
England and was raised to the Irish
peerage as Baron Clive of Plassey,
1760; was again governor of Ben-
gal, 1764-1767, when he returned to
England because of ill-health; was
accused of a tyrannical abuse of
power but was acquitted after an
inquest, 1773; died as a suicide, No-
vember 22, 1774
Sketch of, 5, 179; in India, 5, 180,
182, 9, 242, 11, 502; made Governor
of Bengal, 5, 185, 187, 11, 525
Cloderic, King of the Ripuarian
Franks, ca. 500 A. D.: reign of, 9,
21
Clodius Pulcher, Publius (d. 52 B.C.),
Roman demagogue: prisoner among
the pirates, 3, 272; proposes the
banishment of Cicero, 290; feud
with Pompeius, 312; agrees to give
no further annoyance to Pompeius,
316; intrudes at festival of the Bona
Dea, 384; murdered, 320
Clodoald, Saint (ca. 525 A. D.) : founds
monastery, 9, 25
Clodomir, Frankish king 511-524
A.D.: reign of, 9, 24
Clonmel, Ireland: siege of (1650), 12,
125
Clontarf, Ireland: battle of (1014), 12,
42
Clootz, Jean Baptiste du Val de
Grace, Baron of (1755-1794) French
revolutionary enthusiast: death of,
9, 288
Close, Barry (d. 1813), English sec-
retary: resident in Mysore and
Poona, 5, 202
Closterseven (Kloster Zeven), Con-
vention of (1757), concluded be-
tween the Duke of Cumberland and
the Due de Richelieu, 11, 499
Clotar (Clotaire) I, (497-561 A.D.),
King of the Franks: reign of, 18,
61
Clotar II (584-628 A.D.), King of
the Franks: reign of, 13, 14, 18, 64
Clotar III (ca. 650 A. D.), Frankish
king: reign of, 18, 71
Clotar IV, King of Austrasia 717-720,
A.D.: policy of, 13, 337
Cloth of Gold, Field of, near Calais
where Francis I and Henry VIII
held their interview (1520), 9, 137,
II, 240
Clotilda, Saint (475-545 A.D.) : mar-
ries Clovis, 9, 19
Clotilda (d. 531 A. D.): daughter of
Clovis: marries Amalaric, 8, 40, 9,
25
GENERAL INDEX
167
Clovis (Chlodwig), King of the
Franks, 481-51 1 A.D., and founder
of the Merovingian line of Frank-
ish kings, called the Constantine of
France: born about 465 A.D.; suc-
ceeded his father Childeric as king
of the Salian Franks, 481; defeated
the Romans and Gauls near Sois-
sons, 486; married Clotilda, a beau-
tiful Christian princess, 493; became
a convert to Christianity, 496; fixed
his court at Paris, 507; defeated and
killed Alaric, King of the Visigoths,
near Poitiers, 507, and gained Aqui-
taine; left four sons to inherit his
kingdom, when he died, 511
In war with the Goths, 8, 39, with
the Alemanni, 13, 377; reign of, 9,
18, 18, 46, 59
Clovis II (633-655 A.D.), King of the
Franks, 638-655 A. D.: reign of, 9,
33
Clovis III, King of the Franks, 691-
695 A.D.: reign of, 9, 35
Club Monarchique, French Royalist
club (1790): sketch of, 10, 128
Cluentius Aulus (ca. 60 B. C), Italian
criminal: trial of, 3, 384
Clugny de Nuis, Jean fitienne Ber-
nard (d. 1776) : becomes minister of
finance, 9, 254, 10, 28
Cluna (living), Antarctic explorer; ex-
plorations of, 16, 334
Cluny, Congregation of, an agreement
by which several hundred monas-
teries in France and Burgundy ac-
cepted the " Truce of God," 18, 128
Clusium, Italy: siege of, 3, 59
Clyde, Colin Campbell, Baron: see
Campbell, Colin, Baron Clyde
Clymer, George (1739-1813), Amer-
ican politician: in first Congress,
23, 342
Cnemus (ca. 430 B.C.), Spartan gen-
eral, 2, 289
Cnidus, Asia Minor: founded, 2, 56;
battle of, 401
Cnut: see Knud II
Coahuila, Mexico: united with Texas,
24, 532
Coalitions against France: I. (1792-
1797), 10, 182, 244, 16, 249, 18,
356; II. (1799-1801), 10, 401, 17,
285, 18, 362; III. (1805), 10, 462,
15, 213, 16, 251, 18, 366; IV. (1806-
1807), 10, 469, 15, 215, 16, 251; V.
(1809), 10, 476; VI. (1813-1815), 10,
488, 15, 261
Cobb, HoweU (1815-1868), an Amer-
ican politician: elected Speaker of
House, 24, 599; influence over
President, 696; resigns from Cabi-
net, 704
Cobb, Thomas R. (d. 1863), an Amer-
ican general: death at Marye's
Heights, 24, 770
Cobbett, William (1762-1835), an Eng-
lish political writer: influence of,
", 572
Cobdam, Lord: see Oldcastle, Sir
John
Cobden, Richard (1804-1865), an Eng-
lish statesman and political econo-
mist: arranges commercial treaty be-
tween France and England, 9, 451;
leader of Anti-Corn Law League,
11, 600; opposes China War, 620
Cobenzl, John Louis Joseph, Count,
(1753-1809). an Austrian statesman:
negotiates second coalition against
France, 17, 285; negotiates the
Treaty of Luneville, 17, 285, 18,
364; assumes the direction of for-
eign affairs, 287; conducts foreign
affairs of Austria, 292
Cobija, South America: defies Mel-
garejo (1865), 31, 190; occupied by
Chili (1879), 234
Coblentz, Prussia: founded, 18, 15
Coblom (Covelong), India: founded,
5, 172
Coburg (Saxe-Coburg), Friedrich Jo-
sias, Prince of (1737-1815), an Aus-
trian soldier: his campaign against
the French revolutionists, 9, 283;
besieges Maubeuge, 287
Cocherel, France: battle of (1364), 9,
103
Cochin, India: siege of (1659), 8, 470;
taken by the Dutch, 20, 61; surren-
ders to the British, 139
Cochin China, Indo-China: embassies
from, 6, 8; conquered, 13; revolu-
tion in, 99; formed, 20, 273
168
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Cochrane, Robert (d. 1475), a favorite
of James III of Scotland: plots
against, 12, 297
Cochrane, Thomas, Earl of Dundon-
ald (1775-1860), a Scotch noble and
British naval commander: his serv-
ices in South America, 21, 72, 166
Cockburn, Six Alexander James Ed-
mund (1802-1880), a British jurist:
in Geneva commission, 24, 885
Cockpit of Europe, The: see Belgium
Cocomes, The, a South American
tribe: destroy themselves, 31, 50
Cod, Cape: see Cape Cod
Coddington, William (1601-1678), an
English colonist in America: settles
at Aquidneck, 23, 94; founds New-
port, 94
Code Henri, a statute book compiled
by Christophe, Emperor of Hayti
(181 1), 22, 495
Code Napoleon, a compilation of the
laws of France made under the
auspices of Napoleon I (1804-1810),
10, 447, 11, 555, 13, 271
Code Noir, an edict of Louis XIV of
France (1685), 20, 75
Code Rural, a statute promulgated by
Boyer, president of Hayti, 22, 497
Codes of Civil and Criminal Proced-
ure, measure for India: passed
(1861), 5, 244
" Codex Flatoensis," a compilation
containing accounts of early Norse
voyages, 23, 19
Codomannus: see Darius III
Codrington, Sir Edward (1770-1851),
an English admiral: in the Greek
War, 2, 545, 15, 276
Codrus (ca. 1068 B.C.), last King of
Athens: patriot King of Athens, 2,
98
Coelho, Pedro, a Portuguese noble:
death of, 8, 289
Coepio, Quintus (ca. 144 B.C.), Ro-
man general: his campaign in Spain,
8, 19
Coeur de Lion: see Richard I, King of
England
Cceuves, Marquis of (ca. 1624), a
French soldier: his campaign in the
Valtelline, 9, 183
Coffee: introduced in England, 11,
418; industry in Africa, 19, 144
Coffin, Levi (ca. 1850), an American
abolitionist: aids slaves to escape,
24, 617; president of the under-
ground railroad, 617
Cogan, Miles de (ca. 1182), an Irish
soldier: appointed assistant to De
Bingo, 12, 53
Cognac, League of: a league formed
between Pope Clement VII and
Francis I of France against the
Emperor Charles V (1526), 4, 303
Cohabitation Act, an act passed in
1680 ordering the building of towns
in Virginia: passed, 23, 155
Cohen, Jacob I., an American Jewish
politician: elected member of city
council of Baltimore (1824), 1, 426
Coigny, Frangois de (ca. 1735), a
French marshal: his campaign in
Italy, 9, 236
Coimbra, Spain: siege of (1058), 8,
142; battle of (1810), 530
Coimbra, University of: modernized,
8, 526
Coiner, The False: see Philip III,
King of France
Coins, Coinage:
ARABIA: establishment of a na-
tional mint, 1, 329; tribute coin, 352
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: deprecia-
tion of coins, 17, 303; coinage of
Hungary, 399
BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA:
mines of Carchemish, 1, 113
CHILI: gold standard, 21, 242
CHINA: value of currency, 6, 255
ENGLAND: base money, 11, 268;
coinage of William III, 444
FRANCE: coinage of Louis IX, 9,
83; debasement, 89; alteration, 95,
96; reminting, 229; value reduced,
235
GERMANY: under Prince Chris-
tian of Brunswick, 18, 271
GREECE: coinage of Pheidon, 2,
59; coinage of Solon, 104; first gold
coinage, 459; present currency, 2,
549
INDIA: value of a dirham, 5, 91;
coinage of 1229, 97; currency of
GENERAL INDEX
169
copper coins, 102; depreciation of
rupee, 273; the currency question,
383
IRELAND: copper coinage, II,
477; " Wood's Halfpence," 12, 172
ITALY: senatorial coinage, 4, 222
JAPAN: coinage of Hideyoshi, 7,
114; coinage of Tsunayoshi, 143
LYDIA: coinage of Phamphaes, I,
153
MEXICO: coinage of 1536, 22, 108;
of 1541, 108; during viceroyalty of
Bucareli, 208
PERSIA: value of coins, 1, 165;
coinage by Darius, 179; withdrawal
of debased coinage, 5, 364
PERU: gold standard, 21, 243
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: before
and after the American occupation,
20, 377
PHOENICIA: token money, 1, 135
PORTUGAL: raised value, 8, 295
ROME: sole privilege of coining
money, 3, 82; coins of Pompeius,
276; the coinage for Gaul, 309;
coinage of Caesar, 369; Roman
standard, 395; coinage of Nero, 4,
63
RUSSIA: coinage of Paul I, 15,
172
SCOTLAND: fixed standard, 12,
293; coinage of James IV, 308
SWEDEN: copper basis of coinage,
16, 223
SWITZERLAND: debasement of
coinage, 13, 470; uniform system,
55i
TURKEY: coinage of Mahmud II,
14, 440
UNITED STATES: uniform sys-
tem of coinage, 23, 353; change in
mint ratio (1834), 506; dropping of
silver dollar (1873), 24, 899; silver
dollar remonetized (1878), 922;
"Sherman Silver Law" (1890), 974;
free silver, 989, 991, ion; repeal of
the Sherman Silver Law (1893), 24,
994
Colardeau, Paul, a French mechani-
cian: member of the Wellman Ex-
pedition, 16, 341
Colberg, Germany: taken by the Rus-
sians (1761), 18, 342; siege of
(1807), 372
Colbert, Jean Baptiste (1619-1683), a
French statesman: minister of
finance, 9, 207; sketch of, 208; prog-
ress of the French West Indies un-
der, 20, 72; colonial policy of, 78;
organizes the French East India
Company, 5, 170; death of, 9, 215
Colchester, England: siege of (1648),
11, 360
Cold Harbor, Virginia: battle of
Gaines Mills near (1862), 24, 761;
battle of (1864), 789; political ef-
fect of last battle, 801
Colebrook, Sir William (ca. 1850), an
English official in Canada: his ad-
ministration as deputy governor of
New Brunswick, 20, 163
Colenso, Africa: battle of (1900), 11,
641
Coles, George (ca. 1865), a Canadian
representative: at the Quebec con-
vention, 20, 165
Colet, John (1466-15 19), an English
theologian and scholar: founds St.
Paul's School, 11, 239
Colfax, Schuyler (1823-1885), an
American politician: nominated for
Vice-president 1868, 24, 857
Colignon (ca. 1598), a French states-
man: draws up the Edict of Nantes,
9. 171
Coligny, Gaspard de (15 17-1572), a
French general and Huguenot lead-
er: his campaign in Artois, 9, 148;
plots against the Guises, 150; colo-
nial schemes of, 20, 81; sends out
a colony, 23, 47; death of, 9, 158
Coligny-Saligny, Jean, Count of (1617-
1686), a French soldier: at battle of
Saint-Gothard, 9, 208
Colina, General, a Venezuelan soldier:
elected vice-president of Venezuela
(1866), 21, 102
Colley, Sir George (d. 1881), a British
general in Africa: death of, 20, 230
Colli, Baron (1760-1812), a Piedmon-
tese general: commands Piedmon-
tese army, 9, 294; commands Aus-
trian army, 302
Collin (ca. 1525), a Swiss reformer:
170
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
becomes a teacher in Zurich, 13,
436; translates the Bible into Ger-
man, 453; arouses patriotism of peo-
ple, 17, 295; occupies Cracow, 347
Collot d' Herbois, Jean Marie (1750-
1796), a French actor and revolu-
tionist: made member of the com-
mittee of safety, 9, 285; leader of
the commune, 10, 203; arrest and
trial of, 333
Colman (ca. 634 A.D.), an Irish
Bishop: governs the monastery of
Lindisfarne, 12, 36
Colmar, Alsace: battle of (1674), 9,
211
Cologne (Colonia Agrippinensis),
Germany: founded, 4, 61, 18, 15;
siege of (714 A.D.), 71
Cologne, Diet of: a diet reorganizing
the empire (1512), 18, 228
Colombia, South America: created, 21,
69; organized, 73; from 1824 to 1876,
77; formation of, 84; from 1876 to
1906, 244
Colombia-Costa Rica Boundary Dis-
pute (1880), 21, 265
Colombia- Venezuela Boundary Dis-
pute (1891), 21, 265
Colombo, Ceylon: Portuguese driven
from, 20, 61
Colon, northern terminus of Panama
canal, 24, 1056
Colonial Congress, in American his-
tory: meets at New York (1690),
23, 158
Colonies, American: classification of,
23, 114; government of, 116
Colonies of the World, History of:
old Europe and new Europe, 20, 3;
Portuguese and Spanish colonies,
33; the Dutch and English settle--
ments, 55; the plantations, 66; New
France and New England, 81; the
missions, 91; the middle period in
colonial history, 99; the period of
English supremacy, 117; the Amer-
ican Revolution, 127; the French
Revolution, 136; Canada and New-
foundland, 149; British colonies in
the South Seas, 180; South Africa,
218; British dependencies, 235; co-
lonial empire of France, 268; the
Dutch colonial empire, 285; minor
European possessions, 297; colonies
and dependencies of the United
States, 304; the outlook, 334
Colonna, Marco Antonio (1535-1584),
an Italian commander: leader of
expedition against Turks, 4, 310, 8,
355, 14, 196
Colonna, Prospero (1452-1523), an
Italian general: captured by the
French, 4, 293, 9, 136
Colophon, Greece: taken by the
Athenians, 2, 367
Colorado (Centennial State, name
means "red" or "colored"), one
of the western United States: the
Grand Canon discovered, 23, 42; ef-
fect of Missouri Compromise, 456;
part of, ceded to United States, 24,
552; Northwest Territory includes
part, 631; discovery of gold, 901;
Presidential election of 1892, 993;
Presidential election of 1900, 1040;
Presidential election of 1904, 1072
Colotlan, Mexico: founded, 22, 138
Colquhoun, Archibald R. (ca. 1890),
a British official in India: sketch of,
19, 231
Columba, Saint (521-597 A.D.), a Cel-
tic missionary in Scotland: founds
monastery at Iona, ix, 35; sketch
of, xi, 25, 32
Columban (Columbanus), Saint (ca.
540-615), an Irish missionary:
founds a monastery in Italy, 4, 168;
sketch of, 13, 338
Columbia, South Carolina: nullifica-
tion convention meets at, 23, 493;
secession convention at, 24, 684,
burned, 807
Columbia, District of: see District of
Columbia
Columbia River, North America: dis-
covered, 24, 541
Columbia University, New York:
founded, 23, 140; graduates of, in
Constitutional Convention, 323
Columbian Exposition, World's, an
international exposition held in Chi-
cago (1893): preparations for, 24,
981; held, 1009
Columbus, Kentucky: Confederates
hold, 24, 742; abandoned by Con-
federates, 746
GENERAL INDEX
171
Columbus, Ohio: Lincoln makes
speech at, 24, 706; popular respect
to Lincoln's remains, 827
Columbus, Bartholomew (i445-i5iS)
brother of Christopher Columbus:
sails around the Cape of Good
Hope, 23, 25; his success in Eng-
land, 21, 4, 23, 29; accompanies his
brother on his second voyage, 23,
33; his rule in Hispaniola, 12
Columbus, Christopher, an Italian
navigator and the discoverer of the
New World: born of poor parents
at Genoa, probably in 1446, al-
though 1435 is sometimes given as
the date; received a good education
but went to sea early; went to
Portugal, 1473 (?), and married
there; served in expeditions along
the African coast and probably
made a trip to Iceland; believing
in the rotundity of the earth, he pro-
posed to the king of Portugal to
make an expedition to the west and
thus reach the eastern coast of
Asia, but the king proving treach-
erous, he left Portugal and made his
offers to Ferdinand and Isabella of
Spain, 1484(F); at first his schemes
were laughed at but in 1492, after
suffering untold difficulties, he suc-
ceeded in obtaining the support he
desired and sailed from Spain in
command of three vessels; in all
he made four voyages across the
Atlantic, sailing, August 3, 1492,
September 25, 1493, May 30, 1498,
and May 9, 1502; he made discov-
eries in the West Indies and in
South America; died in poverty at
Valladolid, Spain, May 20 or 21
(O. S.), 1506
Early history, 23, 26; attempts to
present his schemes to Spanish sov-
ereigns, 28; voyages of, 5, 145, 8,
186, 20, 36, 31, 5, 23, 30; influence
of his discoveries, ix, 229; visits
Honduras, 22, 437; honored by
Ferdinand and Isabella, 23, 32; sent
to Spain in chains, 33; death, 34
Columbus, Diego (1476-1526), son of
Christopher Columbus: explorations
of, 22, 3
Columbus, Fernando (1488-1539), son
of Christopher Columbus: birth of,
21, 4
Colvin, Auckland (1838 ), English
governor in India: sketch of, 5, 261
Colvin, John Russell (ca. 1840), In-
dian Civil Service: secretary to
Lord Auckland, 5, 215; his services
in India, 223
Combermere, Stapleton Cotton, Vis-
count (1773-1865), English general:
his campaigns in India, 5, 212; in
Russia, 15, 218
Combes (ca. 1830), French general:
his campaign in Italy, 9, 401
Comenius, John: see Komenski, John
Comines, Philip de (1445-1509), Flem-
ish historian: sketch of, 13, 62: re-
bels against Anne of Beaujeau, 9,
127; warns Charles VIII against
League of Venice, 131
Comitia, assemblies in Rome: (1)
Curiata, description of, 3, 14;
change in character of, 33; (2) Cen-
turiata, increased political power,
33; under Sulla's constitution, 234;
(3) Tributa, established, 43
Commander, The Invisible: see Rag-
lan, Fitzroy James Henry, Baron
Commerce, Father of English: see
Edward III, King of England
Commerce and Trade: see Trade and
Commerce
Commercial Treaty, between France
and England (i860), ix, 621
Committee of Correspondence, Se-
cret: appointed by second Conti-
nental Congress, 23, 238; work of,
265; name changed to Committee
on Foreign Affairs, 265
Committee on Foreign Affairs: see
Committee of Correspondence, Se-
cret
Committees, The, French Revolution-
ary Councils: strive to bring about
the fall of Robespierre by means
of Catherine Theot, 10, 305; its
members, 320; democratic members
replaced by Thermidorian members,
323; of Twelve (1793), 256; of
Eleven (i795), 335
Commodus, Lucius Aurelius (161-192
A. D.), Emperor of Rome, 180-192
172
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
A.D.: reign of, 2, 525, 4, 99, 17, 14,
18, 26
Common Pleas, Court of, in England:
established, 11, 145
" Common Sense," pamphlet by-
Thomas Paine (1776): published,
23, 143
Commoner, The Great: see Pitt, Wil-
liam, Earl of Chatham
Commons, House of: see House of
Commons
Commonwealth, The, the government
of England from the death of
Charles I (1649) to the Restoration
of Charles II (1660): account of,
II, 362; effect on Virginia, 23, 64
Communal Houses: found in the Co-
lumbian region, 23, 10
Communal List, The: during the
French Consulate, 10, 433
Communal System, socialistic scheme
of living: in Virginia colony, 23, 61;
Comonfort, Ignacio (1812-1863), Mex-
ican soldier and statesman: elected
president of Mexico, 22, 382
Comorn, Austria-Hungary: siege of
(1848), 18, 402
Comoro Islands, in the Mozambique
channel: sketch of, 19, 213; placed
under the governor of Madagascar,
20, 279
Compact, The, the agreement to form
a body politic: signed by Pilgrims,
23, 84
Compactata of the Bohemian Nation,
religious and civil agreement be-
tween Bohemia and Sigismund
(1436), 17, 140
Company, The: see United Company
of Merchants of England trading to
the East Indies, The
Company of Scotland trading to Af-
rica and the Indies, The, Scottish
trading company: organized (1695),
5, 171
Company of the Levant, to promote
commerce, founded by Charles VI
(1719), 17, 192
Company of the Philippine Islands,
Royal, Spanish trading company:
organized (1733), 5, 171
Compeegne, France: skirmish of
(1430), 11, 204
Compromise of 1850, also called Om-
nibus Bill, a series of measures
passed by the United States Con-
gress in 1850, aiming at a general
settlement of disputes over the
slavery question, 24, 601, 609
Compromises of the United States
Constitution: representation, 24,
327; apportionment of representa-
tion, 327, 566; foreign slave trade,
566
Compte Rendu, account of the re-
ceipts and expenses of the French
government: Necker issues, 10, 30
Compton, Henry (1632-1713), an Eng-
glish prelate: his struggle with
James II, 11, 424
Compton, Spencer, Earl of Wilming-
ton (1673-1743), an English politi-
cian: premiership of, 11, 477; be-
comes First Lord of the Treasury,
484
Compulsory Loans, Law of, passed in
France: effect of, 10, 406; abolished,
432
Conall Gulban (ca. 450 A.D.), Irish
noble: conversion of, 12, 29
Conan, Saint (ca. 700 A. D.), Irish
missionary: sent to Britain, 12, 253
Conancio (ca. 980 A.D.), Spanish
rebel: encourages Mohammedan in-
vasions of Leon, 8, 138
Concepcion, Chile: founded, 20, 50;
rioting at (1829), 21, 215
Concha, Manuel, Marquis of Duero
(1808-1874), a Spanish general: in
Carlist revolt, 8, 514
Concini, Concino, Marquis of Ancre
(d. 1617), a Florentine courtier,
marshal and prime minister of
France: made marshal, 9, 178; death
of, 180
Concord, New Hampshire: battle of
(1775), 11, SiS, 23, 227
Concordat of 1801, The, an agreement
between Napoleon Bonaparte and
Pius VII, 10, 449
Concordat of 1855, The, an agreement
between Francis Joseph of Austria
and Pius IX, 17, 382
Concordat of Worms, a convention
concluded between Emperor Henry
V and Calixtus II (1122), 16, 74
GENERAL INDEX
173
Conde, Henri I de Bourbon, Prince
of (1552-1588), a French Protestant
leader: becomes champion of reli-
gious freedom in France, 9, 156;
death of, 162
Conde, Henri II de Bourbon, Prince
of (1588-1646), son of Henri I of
Bourbon: marriage of, 9, I75> revolt
of, 178; arrested, 179
Conde, Louis I de Bourbon, Prince of
(1530-1569), a French general: op-
poses policy of Catherine de' Med-
ici, 9, 149; death of, 156
Conde, Louis II de Bourbon, Prince
of (1621-1686), a celebrated French
general: campaigns of, 9, 199, 210,
13, 214, 18, 292, 300; arrested, 202;
at war with Anne of Austria, 203;
death of, 211
Conde, Louis Joseph de Bourbon,
Prince of (1736-1818), a French
general: leaves France, 9, 205; leads
emigrants against France, 276; op-
poses influence of Necker, 10, 50;
leaves France, 72; opens corre-
spondence with Lyons, 115; im-
peached, 164; taken by the allied
powers, 271
Condorcet, Marie Jean Antoine Nico-
las Caritat, Marquis of (1 743-1 794),
a French philosopher and mathema-
tician: leads Girondist party, 9, 272;
poisons himself, 10, 280
Condorquanqui (d. 1781), Cacique of
Taugasuga, a South American pa-
triot: revolt of, 21, 51
Condottieri, mercenaries in Italy: rise
of, 4, 251
Conejares, Francisco Ruiz de (ca.
1794), a Mexican official: buys the
sub-delegation of Villa-Alta, 22, 223
Confederacy, The, the group of eleven
states which seceded from the
United States, 1860-1861: secession
of the Southern States, 24, 684;
seizes property of United States
within seceding States, 691; organ-
ized, 694; Montgomery selected as
capital, 693; permanent Constitution
adopted, 695; preparations for war,
708, 738; capital transferred to
Richmond, 718; enlistment of priva-
teers, 723; strength and resources,
724; loss of New Orleans, 752;
height of its hopes, 770; effect of
Gettysburg and Vicksburg, 782;
strength of its army compared with
army of Potomac, 787; government
removed to Greenboro, 813; dis-
bandment of army, 814; finances,
819; cost of the war, 821; sufferings,
823; see also Civil War, American
Confederate Flag: adopted, 24, 694
Confederation, Act of, an act granting
certain rights and privileges to the
German confederation (1815), 18,
392
Confederation, Articles of: see Arti-
cles of Confederation
Confederation of the Netherlands: or-
ganized, 13, 86
Confederation of the Rhine (1806), a
confederation of fourteen princes of
the south and west of Germany,
recognizing Napoleon as their pro-
tector: formed, 9, 327, 17, 294, 18,
3^7, 371; dissolution of, 18, 386
Confession of Faith: see Augsburg
Confession, The
" Confirmatio Cartarum," confirma-
tion of the charters in England
(1297), 11, 150
Conflans, Herbert de Brienne, Count
de (1690-1777), a French marshal:
at battle of Quiberon Bay, 11, 501
Conflans, Treaty of, a treaty conclud-
ed between Louis XI of France and
the Dukes of Bourbon, Brittany and
Burgundy (1465), 9, 122
Confucius (K'ung-fu-tzc), a Chinese
philosopher, called the Philosopher
of China: born in the kingdom of
Lu (modern Shantung), China,
about 551 B. C; was descended
from a celebrated but impoverished
family; was remarkable for his ami-
able qualities as a youth; became
mandarin and then superintendent
of the public markets; afterwards
had charge of the public parks and
herds; came forward as a public
teacher at the age of twenty-two;
was one of the chief ministers of
the Marquis of Lu; retired from of-
fice and traveled for thirteen years,
during which time he spread his
174
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
doctrines; returned to Lu, 483,
where he spent the remainder of his
life in writing and teaching; was
the author of " Chun-Tsew " and
the "Four Books"; died, 478 B. C.
As historian, 6, 5, 7, 8; influence
of, 8, 9, 10, 25, 34, 234
Conger, Edwin Hurd (1843 ), an
American diplomat: minister to
China, 6, 297
Conger, Mrs. E. H., wife of American
minister: influence of, 6, 307
Congo Free State, Africa: created, 19,
116; placed under the control of
Belgium, 13, 311; exports of, 19,
124; revenues and expenditures of,
125; present status of, 250; descrip-
tion of, 20, 299
Congo Railway Company: completes
its line, 19, 126
Congo Treaty (1884), a treaty be-
tween Great Britain and Portugal
(1884), 19, 76
Congregation, The, a French secret
society instituted in early nine-
teenth century: rise of, 9, 377
Congregation, Lords of the, the lead-
ers of the Protestants of Scotland
in the 16th century: organized, 11,
277, 12, 312
Congregation of Cluny, a congrega-
tion of monks who preached the
" Truce of God " in the eleventh
century, 18, 128
Congregational Church: state church
in Massachusetts, 23, 101; in every
New England town, 145; services,
146; supported by taxation, 148
"Congress," The, a United States
frigate: fires on the " Merrimac,"
24, 7S4J destroyed, 755
Congress of the Confederacy: powers
of, 24, 695
Congress of the United States: the
American Senate and House of
Representatives: powers of, 23, 331;
prohibitions against, in Constitution,
331; character of the first Congress,
342; power to impose conditions in
admitting states, 452; power over,
slavery, 24, 581; extraordinary ses-
sion of 1861, 715; denies seats to
Southern members, 842; debate on
reconstruction, 843; passes Recon-
struction Acts, 846
Congresses, The Albany, meetings of
the American colonies: (1690), 23,
106; (I7S4), 174
Conkling, Roscoe (1829- 1888), an
American politician: candidate for
Presidential nomination (1876), 24,
907; opposed to Hayes, 915; urges
nomination of Grant for third term,
925; feud with Blaine, 926; sketch
of, 926; origin of feud with Garfield,
932; opposes appointment of Rob-
ertson, 933; resisted by Arthur, 936;
responsible for Blaine's defeat in
New York, 948
Conn the Hundred-Fighter, a legend-
ary king of Ireland: story of, 12, 25
Connaught, Arthur William Patrick
Albert, Duke of (1850 ), brother
of Edward VII of England: visits
India, 5, 288
Connecticut, one of the New England
States of the United States, means
" long river," called the Nutmeg
State and the Land of Steady Hab-
its: origin, 23, 91; colonial consti-
tution of, 92; trouble with Dutch,
92; with Indians, 93; charter se-
cured, 93; seeks confederation of
New England, 96; agriculture, 101;
Dutch relinquish claims, 103; co-
lonial government of, 115; educa-
tional growth, 140; Episcopal
Church in, 147; Congregational
Church supported by taxation, 148;
wearing of silk forbidden, 154;
" Blue Laws," 154; in Colonial
Congress, 158; quarrel with Penn-
sylvania over Wyoming Valley, 312;
cedes Northwest Territory to the
United States, 317; choses delegates
for Constitutional Convention, 323;
ratifies the Constitution, 336; favors
financial plans of Hamilton, 350; in
War of 1812, 430; Hartford conven-
tion, 431; measures toward aboli-
tion of slavery adopted, 24, 564;
abolition societies formed, 571;
opening of schools to negroes pro-
hibited, 575; state election of 1855,
646; Presidential election of 1884,
947; Presidential election of 188$,
GENERAL INDEX
175
967; Presidential election of 1892,
992
Connecticut Compromise, regulating
representation in Congress, 23, 327
Conner, David (1792-1856), an Ameri-
can naval commander: in the Mex-
ican War, 22, 289
Conon (d. 392 B. C.) Athenian com-
mander: Athenian admiral, 2, 370;
besieged in Mitylene, 371; flies to
Cyprus, 376; takes service with Per-
sia, 401 ; rebuilds walls of Athens,
402; imprisoned, 404
Conqueror, The: see William (I) the
Conqueror, King of England
Conrad I (d. 918 A. D.), King of Ger-
many (911-918 A. D.): reign of, 18,
104
Conrad II (d. 1039), Holy Roman
Emperor, 1027-1039: elected King of
Germany, 18, 124; crowned em-
peror, 125; Knud at the coronation
of, 16, 60; crowned King of Bur-
gundy, 13, 345, 18, 126; in Italy,
4, 183, 18, 127; death of, 18, 127
Conrad III (1093-1152), Holy Roman
Emperor, 1138-1152; heir of Henry
V of Germany, 18, 142; accession
of, 17, 90; reign of, 18, 144
Conrad IV (1228-1254), King of Ger-
many, 1250-1254: accession of, 18,
164; reign of, 4, 206; opposed by
Henry Raspe, 18, 166; his war with
William of Holland, 168
Conrad V, King of Germany: see
Conradin, King of Germany
Conrad (10th century), King of Bur-
gundy: visits Otto II, 18, 117
Conrad III, Duke of Burgundy, 1127:
made duke, 13, 349
Conrad (10th century), Duke of Lor-
raine: invested with Lorraine, 18,
111; rebellion of, 112
Conrad (late 9th century), nephew of
Lewis the Pious: establishes King-
dom of Upper Burgundy, 18, 98
Conrad (d. 1101), son of Henry IV:
rebellion of, 18, 137
Conrad (late 15th century), tutor of
Christian II of Denmark, 16, 147
Conrad of Marburg (d. 1233), a Ger-
man inquisitor: sketch of, 18, 163
Conrad von Mure (13th century), a
Swiss poet: sketch of, 13, 361
Conrad von Tegerfeld (early 14th
century), an Austrian knight: plots
against Albert I of Austria, 13, 364
Conradin (Conrad V) (1252-1268),
son of Conrad IV: career of, 8, 244,
18, 168; death of, 4, 215, 9, 85
Consarbruck, Prussia: battle of
(1675), 9, 212
Conselhevio: see Maciel, Antonio
Conservatives, German deputies in fa-
vor of strong monarchical govern-
ment: description of, 18, 434
Conspiracies :
B. C.
ca. 1 180. Rameses III, 1, 29
ca. 708. Conspiracy of Phanlan-
thus, 2, 73
ca. 625. Conspiracy of Cylon, 2, 99,
100
ca. 527. Conspiracy of Harmodius
and Aristogeiton, 2, 111
379. Against Leontiades, 2, 423
87. Against Sulla, 3, 221
ca. 78. Against Sertorius, 3, 257,
8, 21
65. Catilinarian conspiracy, 3, 280
44. Against Caesar, 4, 4
A. D.
ca. 31. Against Tiberius, 4, 51
41. Against Caligula, 4, 58
415. Against Ataulpus, 8, 36
415. Against Sigeric, 8, 36
584. Against kings of Austrasia
and Burgundy, 9, 29
ca. 612. Against Brunhilda, 9, 31
ca. 656. Against Childeric II, 9, 34
ca. 816. Against Ludwig the Ger-
man, 18, 90
ca. 821. Against Alhakem, 8, 72
ca. 936. Against Otto I of Ger-
many, 18, 1090
ca. 1018. Against Alcassim, 8, 81
ca. 1023. Against Abderahman V,
8, 81
1062. Against Henry IV of Ger-
many, 18, 131
1075. Against William the Con-
queror, 11, 78
1308. Against Albert I of Ger-
many, 18, 185
176
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
ca. 1324. Against Lewis IV of Ba-
varia, 18, 188
1325. Against Edward II of Eng-
land, 11, 155
1343. Against the Federal League,
13, 373
1355- Conspiracy of Marino Fa-
lieri, 4, 248
1358. Against Mohammed V, 8,
115
ca. 1378. Against Vasclav VI of
Bohemia, 17, 118
ca. 1396. Against Wenzel of Ger-
many, 18, 198
1399. Against Henry IV of Eng-
land, 11, 191
1415. Against Henry V of Eng-
land, 11, 197
ca. 1436. Against James I of Scot-
land, 12, 293
1483. Against Joam II, of Portu-
gal, 8, 321
ca. 1495. Against Vasco da Gama,
8, 325
ca. 1495. Against Cojumbus, 2j,
10
15 19. Against Cortez, 22, 20
1521. Against Cortez, 22, 51
ca. 1522. Against Francis I, 4, 302
1560. Conspiracy of Amboise, 9,
151
1566. Against Rizzio, 12, 316
1566. Against the Marques del
Valle, 22, 122
1571. Ridolfi plot, ii, 287
ca. 1578. Against James VI of
Scotland, 12, 325
1584. Against Elizabeth of Eng-
land, 11, 293
1586. Against Elizabeth of Eng-
land, 11, 294
1602. Against Henry IV of France,
9, 175
1605. Guy Fawkes's plot, 11, 309
ca. 1605. Against Boris of Rus-
sia, 15, 20
1607. Against Earl of Tyrone and
Earl of Tirconnell, 12, 106
ca. 1609. Against royal lieutenants,
17, 201
ca. 1616. Against Louis XIII of
France, 9, 180
1618. Against Venice, 4, 315
1619. For a proposed general revo-
lution throughout Holland, 13,
205
ca. 1625. Against Richelieu, 9, 184,
185
1640. Against Joam IV of Portu-
gal, 8, 463
1640. Against Philip III of Portu-
gal, 8, 456
1642. Against Richelieu, 8, 378, 9,
194
1648. Against Ibrahim, Sultan of
Turkey, 14, 227
ca. 1668. Against Pedro II of Por-
tugal, 8, 469
1680. Against the Spaniards in
New Mexico, 22, 175
1683. Rye House Plot, 11, 414
1689. Against Peter the Great, 15,
30
ca. 1695. Against William III of
England, 11, 445
1716. Against Louis XV of France,
9, 231
l 733- Against Queen Anne of Rus-
sia, 15, no
ca. 1739. Of the Dolgorukis, 15,
125
ca. 1755. Against Jose of Portu-
gal, 8, 472
1762. Against Peter III of Russia,
15, 155
1763. Of Pontiac, 23, 200
1764. To rescue Ivan VI of Rus-
sia, 15, 163
1772. Against Caroline Matilda of
Denmark, 16, 243
1792. Against Gustavus (IV) Adol-
phus of Sweden, 15, 189, 16, 249
1793- Against the Girondists, 10,
247
1793. Against the government of
France, 10, 255, 256, 261
1794. Of Robespierre, 10, 306
1795. Against the overthrowers of
the French constitution, i, 335
1796. For the destruction of the
French constitution, 10, 376
1796. Of French printers, 10, 427
1799. Against the constitution of
the year III, 10, 410
1800. Against Napoleon, 10, 441
1803. Against Napoleon, 10, 455
GENERAL INDEX
177
1804. Against Napoleon, 9, 321
1812. Against Napoleon, 10, 485
1820. Against Louis XVIII of
France, 9, 375
1820. Against the English cabinet,
11, 573
1825. Against Nicholas I of Rus-
sia, 15, 272
1828. Against Bolivar, 21, 83
1836. Against Louis Philip of
France, 9, 410
1847. Against the Americans of
New Mexico, 22, 305
1848. Conspiracy against Count
Rossi, 4, 363
1858. Against Napoleon III of
France, 9, 449
1866-1881. Against Alexander II of
Russia, 15, 339
1868. Against Isabella II of Spain,
8, 509
1889. Of Boulanger, 9, 485
Constanca, see Constance
Constance, a city of Baden: founded,
18, 30; siege of (1548), 13, 460
Constance, Queen of Sicily, 1283-1298:
marries Peter III, 4, 215, 8, 243
Constance (late 12th century), a Hun-
garian princess: affianced to the
Duke of Suabia, 17, 55
Constance (early nth century),
daughter of the Count of Toulouse:
marries Robert II of France, 9, 67
Constance of Sicily (1155-1198), Em-
press of Germany: marries Henry
VI of Germany, 18, 155
Constance, Council of, a council of
the Roman Catholic church (1414-
1418), 13, 396, 17, 123, 18, 203
Constance, Treaty of, a treaty of
peace between Frederick Barba-
rossa and the Lombard League
(1183), 4, 195, 18, 153
Constans I (Flavius Julius), (ca. 320-
350 A. D.), Roman Emperor, son of
Constantine the Great: reign of, 4,
123; his campaign in Spain, 8, 35
Constant, Benjamin (ca. 1890), Bra-
zilian revolutionist: leads revolu-
tion in Brazil, 21, 253; secretary of
war in provisional government, 253
Constant de Rebecque, Henry Ben-
jamin (1767-1830), French political
writer, orator and politician: op-
poses Napoleon, 9, 319; leads con-
stitutional party, 358; draws up the
" Additional Act to the Constitu-
tions of the Empire," 361; his rela-
tions to the revolution of 1830, 391;
suggests the Duke of Orleans as
successor of Charles X, 392
Constantine, a city in Algeria: sieges
of (1836), 9, 411; (1837), 413
Constantine (I) (Flavius Valerius Au-
relius Constantinus) the Great, Em-
peror of Rome, 308-337 A. D., and
the first Christian emperor: born at
Naissus (Nissa), Upper Mcesia,
February, 272 A. D.; was appointed
Caesar at the death of his father,
306; was recognized, 308, as Augus-
tus by the Augustus Maximian
whom he put to death, 309; de-
feated the Augustus Maxentius, 312,
in a battle near Rome; it was during
this battle that he was converted to
Christianity by the sign of the cross
appearing in the sky with the
words appended, " In this sign con-
quer;" became sole emperor by his
victory at Adrianople over Licinius,
323; caused Christianity to be ac-
knowledged by the state and con-
vened the Council of Nice, 325;
made Constantinople the capital of '
the Roman empire, 330; died at
Nicomedia, Bithynia, May 22, 337
A. D.
His campaign in Gaul and Ger-
many, 18, 30; attempts to gain pos-
session of Belgium, 13, 10; pro-
claimed emperor, 4, 117; reign of,
121; campaign against Maxentius,
118; issues the Edict of Milan, 17,
15; his reign in the West, 4, 119;
interposes in war between Vandals
and Visigoths, 18, 32; Christianity
established by, 2, 524; condition of
Gaul under, 9, 13; condition of
Spain under, 8, 28
Constantine (early 5th century), a Ro-
man emperor in Britain: proclaimed
emperor in Britain (409 A. D.), n,
16
178
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Constantine (V) Copronymus (719-
775 A. D.), Emperor of the East,
741-775; accession, 4, 170
Constantine XI (Constantine XIII
Palaeologus) (1394-1453), Byzantine
Emperor, 1448-1453: account of, 14,
72
Constantine II (d. 952 A. D.), King
of Scotland, 900-943 A. D.: reign of,
4, 123, 12, 255
Constantine Nikolaivitch (1827-1892),
Grand Duke of Russia: made vice-
roy of Poland, 15, 326; recall of,
329
Constantine Pavlovitch (1779-1831),
Grand Duke of Russia: account of,
14, 345, 358, 361, 362, IS, 271; at
Potemkin's reception, 185; made
commander in chief of Polish
forces, 263; renounces the throne,
267; in the Polish insurrection, 293;
death of, 295
Constantine of Gaul, The: see Clovis
Constantinople (Byzantium), Euro-
pean Turkey, called the City of the
Seven Hills: rise of, 4, 122; Goths
attack, 2, 530; Arabs attack, 14, 4;
Byzantine empire united under, 2,
532; sieges of (1625), 2, 533; (668-
673), I, 330; (718-720), 1, 330, 2,
5335 Avars attack, 17, 21; captured
by crusaders, 14, 5; menaced by
Bayezid, 45; siege of (1261), 9, 84;
fall of, 2, 535, 536, 14, 58, 75, 82,
15, 14, 17, 160, 18, 220, 23, 20; re-
sult of fall of, 2, 538; churches of,
converted to mosques by Selim, 14,
139; adorned by Suleiman the
Great, 187; visited by plague (1637),
220; ravaged by fire (1693), 261;
relations with Russia, 14, 345, 357
362, 15, 8; Turkish massacre at, 2,
543; see also Byzantium
Constantinople, Conference of (1876-
1877), a conference of the six great
powers and Turkey, 15, 333
Constantius (I) Chlorus (250-306 A
D), Emperor of Rome: made
Caesar, 4, 114; condition of Gaul
under, 9, 13; attempts to gain pos-
session of Belgium, 13, 10
Constantius II (317-361 A. D.), Em
peror of Rome: reign of, 4, 123, 17,
15
Constantius (ca. 400 A. D.), Roman
general: his campaign against the
Goths, 8, 36
Constanza (ca. 1350), daughter of Pe-
dro IV of Aragon: declared heir
to throne, 8, 251
"Constellation," American frigate:
built, 23, 375
Constitutio Valdemariana, separates
Slesvig-Holstein from the Danish
kingdom, 16, 266
"Constitution," American frigate:
built, 23, 375; one of the largest
boats in the navy, 419; destroys the
" Guerriere," 422; destroys the
"Java," 422; Jackson's carriage built
of wood from, 511
Constitutional Circles, The, French
Revolutionary clubs: oppose the
measures against the emigrants, 10,
158; ordered to be closed, 10, 390
Constitutional Convention, United
States: origin of, 23, 321; delegates
chosen, 322; distinguished character
of, 323; struggle over slavery ques-
tion, 24, 566
Constitutional Parties in Japan: or-
ganized, 7, 219, 227
Constitutional Union Party: see Dem-
ocratic Party (Northern)
Constitutions: see also Government
AFRICA: Cape Colony, 20, 223;
the South African Republic, 227
ARGENTINE REPUBLIC: of
1826, 21, 120; of 1853, 128
AUSTRALIA: of the four colonies,
20, 199; of 1900, 207
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: Bohemia,
17, 209; constitution of March 4,
380; modifications of, 399
BOLIVIA: Bolivian code, 21, 184
BRAZIL: modifications of, 21, 169;
outline of, 171
CANADA: of 1864, 20, 165; Upper
and Lower Canada, 167
CARTHAGE: aristocratic, 3, 93, 94
CHILI: of 1828, 21, 215; of 1833,
216
COLOMBIA: of 1821, 21, 73; of
1863, 87; of 1886, 245
GENERAL INDEX
179
CUBA: of Cadiz, 20, 325; of 1895,
22, 453; of 1901, 22, 467, 471, 34,
1046
DENMARK: liberal, 16, 269; of
1855, 16, 273
ECUADOR: of 1835, 31, 108;
changes in (1843), 109
EGYPT: Naukratis, 1, 32
ENGLAND: of Simon de Montfort,
II, 140; proposed constitution of
1647, 358; "The Instrument of Gov-
ernment," 367
FRANCE: of 1789, 9, 265, 268, 271,
10, 85, 103, 117, 122; of 1791, 10,
147; of Napoleon Bonaparte, 9, 315;
senatorial, 9, 350, 355, 10, 3Sh 352;
"Additional Act," 9, 361; republi-
can, 438; of 1875, 479
GAUL: constitution of the clan
canton, 3, 290
GERMANY: of the "North Ger-
man Confederation," 18, 413; of
1871, 18, 428
GREECE: constitution of Lycur-
gus, 2, 62; laws of Draco, 100;
laws of Solon, 104; constitution
of Cleisthenes, 145; important
change in the constitution of Cleis-
thenes, 174; changes of Pericles in
the Athenian Constitution, 252, 253,
256; changes in the constitution by
the "Thirty Tyrants," 383; Philip
of Macedon's constitution, 480; the
constitution of 1843, 546; adoption
of the constitution in 1864, 549
HAYTI: of Petion (1816), 22, 496
ICELAND: of Ulfliot (930 A. D.),
16, 298
ITALY: the constitution of Flor-
ence (1266), 4, 225; the constitu-
tion of Florence (1324), 227;
changes in the constitution of
Florence, 231; constitution of Ven-
ice, 246; constitutions of Savoy,
277; constitution of Piedmont, 356;
the constitution of Charles Albert,
357; constitution of Pius IX, 363
JAPAN: imperial constitution, 7,
184, 201
MEXICO: of 1812, 22, 247; of 1824,
258, 263; of 1857, 382
NETHERLANDS: Fundamental
Law, 13, 292; liberal, 314
NEW ZEALAND: of 1852, 20,
213; of 1875, 214
NORWAY: of 1814, 16, 282; amend-
ment of, 283
PERU: Bolivian Code, 21, 192; of
i860, 200; of 1867, 208; of i860 re-
stored, 209
POLAND: aristocratic, 15, 377
PORTO RICO: set up by the
United States, 20, 324
PORTUGAL: of 1822, 8, 534
ROME: the earliest constitution, 3,
11; changes in the constitution (509-
508 B. C), 29; Servian constitution,
38; gradual changes, 153; the con-
stitution of Gaius Gracchus, 180;
the changes of Sulla, 211; Sulla's
constitution, 3, 233; abolition of
the Sullan constitution, 267
RUSSIA: proposal of, 15, 265;
changes in, 365
SAN DOMINGO: of 1844, 22, 502
SPAIN: setting aside of, 8, 488,
491, 493; revised, 499; drafting of
(1869), 511; of 1876, 517
SWEDEN: definite basis of, 16,
178; new basis of, 203; change in,
by elevation to the throne of Fred-
erick I, 225; cf 1866, 278
SWITZERLAND: united Helvetic,
13, 512; Federal, 527, 555; cantonal,
537, 538; Liberal, 547; Federal re-
vision of, 565; new Federal, 566,
567; revision of, 579
TURKEY: proposed constitution of
the Young Turkey Party, 14, 479
UNITED STATES, NATIONAL:
framing of, 23, 324; sources of,
330; supremacy of, 332; ratified,
334; success of, 338; nth amend-
ment ratified, 379; strict construc-
tion of, favored by Jefferson, 398;
twelfth amendment, 403; amend-
ments proposed by the Hartford
Convention, 432; no power over
slavery, 452; does not follow flag,
24, 595; negro citizenship under,
660; adopted with changes by Con-
federacy, 694; fourteenth amend-
ment, 823; provides a safe-guard
against the dangers of an interreg-
num, 830; thirteenth amendment,
841; fourteenth amendment, 844; fif-
180
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
teenth amendment, 845; Grant urges
fifteenth amendment, 861; the fif-
teenth amendment in the South,
872; limits power of Congress over
trade and commerce, 972
UNITED STATES, STATE and
COLONIAL: Articles of Confed-
eration (1777), 23, 301; California,
24, 598; Confederate (1862), 24,
694; Connecticut, 23, 92; Kansas,
24, 662; Massachusetts, 23, 89, 238;
Missouri, 23, 455; New Haven, 23,
92; Northwest Territory, 23, 319;
Pennsylvania (1682), 23, in; Vir-
ginia (1776), 23, 238
URUGUAY: of 1830, 21, 137
VENEZUELA: establishment of
(1831), 21, 94; changes in, 96
Consular Service, United States: re-
formed, 24, 1084
Consulate, The, government in France
established by Napoleon, 9, 315
Consuls, chief magistrates in Repub-
lican Rome: power of, 3, 30; length
of term of office extended, 236
Contades, Louis George Erasme, Mar-
quis of (1704-1795), French mar-
shal: in Seven Years' War, 9, 245
Contarini, Doge of Venice (ca. 1350) :
at the siege of Venice, 4, 240
Conti, Prince de (ca. 1780), French
general: opposes influence of
Necker, 10, 50; leaves France
(1789), 9, 265, 10, 72
Conti, Armand of Bourbon, Prince o
(1629-1666), French noble: arrested,
9, 202
Conti, Francois Louis de Bourbon,
Prince of (1664-1709), French gen-
eral: defeat of, 18, 307
Conti, Nicolo (ca. 1400), Italian trav-
eler: visits the East, 5, 141
Continental Blockade, The: see Con-
tinental System
Continental Congress, First (1775), in
American history, a meeting of dep-
uties from all the Colonies except
Georgia: proposed, 23, 222; meet-
ing at Philadelphia, 11, 515, 20,
127, 23, 223; acts of, 224
Continental Congress, Second (1175),
in American history, a meeting of
deputies from the thirteen colonies:
meeting of, 11, 516, 23, 229; appoints
George Washington commander-in-
chief of the army, 23, 230; recom-
mends the adoption of constitutions
by the colonies, 238; orders Fort
Washington to be held, 244; recom-
mends nonimportation of slaves, 24,
552
Continental System of Napoleon, a
policy inaugurated (1807) and en-
forced by Napoleon I to ruin Eng-
land by shutting her off from con-
tinental commerce, 11, 560, 13, 268,
269; Gustavus defies the, 16, 251,
18, 378
Conto, Bernardo (ca. 1848), a Mex-
ican statesman: signs Treaty of
Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 22, 277
Contreras, Mexico: battle of (1847),
22, 345, 24, 550
Contreras, Pedro Moya de (1520-
l $9 l )j a Spanish prelate: sent
as inquisitor to Mexico, 22, 129;
appointed visitador, 132; made vice-
roy of Mexico, 133; death of, 134
Conventicle Acts, acts passed in Eng-
land in favor of the Church of Eng-
land: (1664), 11, 385; (1670), 394
Convention, The National, the third
national legislative assembly of the
deputies of the French people:
constitutes itself, 215; animosity of
the Gironde and the Mountain, 215;
denounces Robespierre, 2l; ani-
mosity towards Marat, 218; fresh
accusation of Robespierre, 222;
question of the king's trial, 228;
speech of Saint-Just, 230; speech of
Robespierre, 231; the king brought
to its bar, 232; De Seze's defense
of the king, 234; condemns the king
to death, 235; revival of animosi-
ties in, 240; summons Dumouriez
to its bar, 251; arrest of its com-
missioners by Dumouriez, 252;
Isnard's reply to the deputies of the
insurrections of May, 1793, 256;
question of the abolition of the
commission of Twelve, 259; debate
on the accusation of the Girondists,
262; position of, through the insur-
rection of the departments, 270;
liberal measures proposed by
GENERAL INDEX
181
Barrere, 273; its successes against
the insurrectionary towns and de-
partments, 275; condemns Marie
Antoinette to death, 278; condemns
the twenty-two Girondists to death,
279; declares the existence of the
Supreme Being, 288; question of the
arrest of Danton, 293; Robespierre
appointed president, 301; Couthon
presents the law of the 22nd Prai-
rial, 301; Robespierre's speech of
the 8th Thermidor, 308; decrees the
arrest of the two Robespierres,
Couthon, Lebas, and Saint-Just,
314; position of, after the fall of
Robespierre, 320; question of re-
calling the proscribed members,
330; arrest of Billaud, Collot,
Barrere, and Vadier, 333; revives
the old martial law, 333; its recep-
tion of the insurgents of Germinal,
336; united under the Girondists,
340; decrees the constitution of the
year III, 351; passes decrees re-
quiring the reelection of two-thirds
of its members, 355; concentrates
its powers in a committee of five
members, 356; moderation of, in
the insurrection of the 13th Ven-
demiaire, 360; establishes itself as
a national electoral assembly, 361;
it's close, 362
Convention Act (1793), an act for-
bidding unlawful assemblies in Ire-
land, 12, 201
Conway, Henry Seymour (1721-1795),
an English soldier and Whig poli-
tician: favors repeal of Stamp Act,
23, 214
Conway, Thomas (1 733-1 800), an
American general: leader of the
Conway Cabal, 23, 261
Conway, Sir William Martin (1856-
), an English explorer: explo-
rations of, 16, 327
Conway Cabal, an intrigue of Thomas
Conway and members of the board
of war, 1777-1778, to have Wash-
ington superseded by Gates, 23,
261
Conyngham, Gustavus (ca. 1783), an
American seaman: naval exploits
of, 23, 290
Cook, James (1728-1779), an English
navigator: explorations of, in the
Arctic, 16, 306; in the Antarctic,
332; career of, 20, 123
Cooke, Edward (ca. 1794), secretary
to lord lieutenant of Ireland: re-
tired, 12, 203
Cooke & Co., Jay, banking house of
Philadelphia: failure of, 24, 896
Cooper, Anthony Ashley, 1st Earl of
Shaftesbury (1621-1683), an English
politician: sketch of, 11, 395; dis-
missed from office, 400; sent to the
Tower, 404; death of, 413
Cooper, Anthony Ashley, 7th Earl of
Shaftesbury (1801-1885), an Eng-
lish philanthropist: takes up labor
question, 11, 592
Cooper, James Fennimore (1789-
1851), an American novelist: in
American literature, 23, 481
Cooper, Peter (1791-1883), an Amer-
ican inventor, manufacturer, and
philanthropist: nominated for Pres-
ident (1876), 24, 909
Cooper Union, an institution in New
York for the instruction of the
working classes: Lincoln's speech
at, 24, 681
Coorg, British India: annexed to Eng-
lish possessions in India, 5, 215
Coote, Sir Charles (d. 1661), Irish
soldier and judge: attempts to crush
the Rebellion of 1641, 12, 116
Coote, Sir Charles (17th century), son
of preceding: his campaign in Ire-
land, 125
Coote, Sir Eyre (1726-1783), a British
soldier: at battle of Wandiwash, 5,
180; his campaign against Haidar
AH, 193; his campaign against the
Sultan of Mysore, 9, 257, II, 502;
defeats Lally, 20, 119
Cope, Sir John (d. 1760), a British
soldier: his campaign against the
Young Pretender, 11, 487, 12, 366
Copenhagen (Axelborg), Denmark:
foundation of, 16, 69; defended by
Philippa (1428), 16, 127; siege of
(1658), 13, 231, 16, 209; battles of
(1700), 16, 215; (1801), 8, 529, 10,
446, II, 552, 16, 255; (1807), 9, 332,
II, 561, 15, 216, 16, 256
182
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Copenhagen, Treaties of: (1660), a
treaty between Denmark and Swe-
den, 16, 210, 231; (1767), a treaty
between Russia and Sweden, 267
Copenhagen, University of: founded
(1474), 16, 136
Copernicus (Koppernigk or Koper-
nik), Nicolaus, a Prussian astrono-
mer and the founder of modern
astronomy: born in Thorn, Poland
(now Prussia), February 19, 1473!
studied in the high school of Erme-
land and at the University of Cra-
cow; went to Italy. 1495, studying
at Bologna and afterward at Padua
where he became Doctor of Medi-
cine, 1499; appointed canon of
Frauenburg, Prussia, 1499, but re-
mained in Italy until 1503; held the
chair of mathematics at Rome,
1501; expounded his theory in his
work " De Orbium Celestium Revo-
lutionibus," finished in 1530 but not
published until 1543 for fear of per-
secution; died at Frauenburg, Prus-
sia, May 24, 1543
Sketch of, 1 8, 296
Copiapo, South America: revolt of
(1858), 21, 218
Coppermine River, British America:
discovered, 16, 307
Coquimbo, South America: blockade
of (1865), 21, 221
Corban, Torribio Gomez (ca. 1600), a
Mexican explorer of California: ex-
plorations of, 22, 143
Corbeil, Treaty of (1258), a treaty
between Louis IX of France and
the King of Aragon, 9, 83
Corberon, de, French ambassador to
Russia (ca. 1777): his estimate of
Catherine, 15, 175
Corbiere, Jacques, Count of (1767-
1853), a French politician: admitted
to the council, 9, 375; made min-
ister of the interior, 378
Corcyra, ancient name for Corfu:
founded, 2, 83; rivalry with Cor-
inth, 86; origin, 92; at war with
Corinth, 265; asks aid of Athens,
266; sedition at, 299, 308; Spartan
attack on, 431; Pompeians hold
council of war at, 3, 350; see also
Corfu
Corday d' Armans, Marie Anne Char-
lotte, known as Charlotte Corday, a
French heroine: born of a noble
family at St. Saturnin, Normandy,
France, July 27, 1768; was educated
in a convent at Caen; was influ-
enced by the works of Voltaire and
the Abbe Raynal to sympathize with
the revolutionists; convinced that
the liberties of her country could
only be assured by the death of the
infamous terrorist, Marat, she went
to Paris and stabbed him to death
in his bath, July 13, 1793; was tried
by the Revolutionary tribunal four
days later and guillotined at Paris
the same day, July 17, 1793
Slays Marat, 9, 285, 10, 268; her
replies before the tribunal, 10, 268
note; death of, 268
Cordeliers Club, French Revolution-
ary society: sketch of, 10, 128, 283
Cordero, Luis (ca. 1900), South Amer-
ican revolutionist: his administra-
tion as ruler of Ecuador, 21, 244
Cordoba, Jose (1 797-1829), South
American general: death of, 21, 83
Cordova, Spain: founded, 22, 152;
sieges of (710 A. D.), 1, 314, 8, 50;
(736 A. D.), 8, 65; (755 A D.), 68;
(1060), 86; (1145). 975 (1089), 225
Cordova, Diego Fernandez de, Mar-
ques de Guadalcazar (ca. 1600),
Spanish noble: made viceroy of
New Spain, 22, 152
Cordova, Gonsalvo Hernandez de: see
Gonsalvo de Cordova
Cordova, Hernandez de (d. 1517),
Spanish soldier and explorer: dis-
covers Mexico, 22, 4
Cordova, Joaquin (ca. 1850), Colom-
bian revolutionist: attempts a con-
servative uprising, 21, 89
Cordova, Jorge (1822-1861), Bolivian
revolutionist: made president of
Bolivia, 21, 188
Cordova, Don Louis (ca. 1750), Span-
ish admiral: in war with England,
9, 255; commands treasure fleet, 22,
208
GENERAL INDEX
183
Corfinium, central Italy: surrenders
to Caesar, 3, 337
Corfu, Greece: taken by Venetians, 2,
536; in modern Greece, 548; mili-
tary school at, 549; see also Cor-
cyra
Corinth, Greece, called the Light of
Greece: situation of, 2, 16; allies
with Sparta, 74; revolt from oli-
garchy in, 76; joins Laconian
League, 76; colonies of, 86; coloni-
zation of, 88; typical political his-
tory of, 92; aids Athens, 173; con-
gress at, 178; at war with Athens,
242; at war with Corcyra, 265; ad-
vocates Peloponnesian War, 269; at
war with Corcyra, 269; battle near,
308; aids Sparta, 323; sends help
to Syracuse, 339; advocates destruc-
tion of Athens, 377; makes war on
Sparta, 398; campaigns around, 402,
403; sends Timoleon to Sicily, 417;
faithful to Sparta, 440; makes peace
with Thebes, 446; tyranny at, 453;
allied to Athens, 473; submits to
Philip, 478; congress at, 479; joins
Achaean League, 516; siege of, 2,
520, 3, 166; made Grecian capital, 2,
522; burned, 537; canal of, 550; siege
of (1715), 14, 286
Corinth, Mississippi: Federals cap-
ture, 24, 750; Halleck's victory at
(May, 1862), 762; battle of (Oct.
3-4, 1862), 774
Coriolanus, Gaius Marcius, hero of an
early Roman legend, 3, 43
Cork, Ireland: siege of (1690), 12,
149
Corn Cracker State, The: see Ken-
tucky
Corn Law (1815), passed by English
Parliament imposing heavy duties
on imported corn, 11, 600
Cornbury, Viscount: see Hyde, Ed
ward
Cornificius, Quintus (d. 40 B. C.)
Roman soldier: his campaign in
Illyria, 3, 354
Corning, Erastus (ca. 1850), Amer-
ican politician: opposes Lincoln's
action in Vallandigham case, 24,
816
Cornish, Sir Samuel (ca. 1750), Eng-
lish admiral: captures Manila (1762),
5, 181, 20, 120
Cornwall, Richard of: see Plantagenet,
Richard, Earl of Cornwall
Cornwallis, Charles, Lord (1738-1805),
English soldier and statesman: in
the American War, 9, 255, 11, 521,
20, 128; attempts to capture Wash-
ington at Trenton, 23, 248; quoted
on Washington's victory, 250; at
battle of Brandywine, 259; captures
Philadelphia, 259; at battle of Mon-
mouth, 263; at capture of Charles-
ton, 273; at battle of Guilford Court
House, 281; retreats to Yorktown,
283; surrenders, 285; centennial of
his surrender celebrated, 940; gov-
ernor-general of India, 5, 195; his
second governor-generalship, 5, 204,
**> 53; appointed lord lieutenant
of Ireland, 12, 213
Coronado, Vasquez de (1 500-1542),
Spanish soldier: explorations of,
22, 112, 23, 41, 42
Coroneia, Greece: battles of, 2, 248,
400, 3, 149
Corporal, The Little: see Napoleon
(I) Bonaparte, Emperor of the
French
Corporal d' Epre: see Napoleon (I)
Bonaparte, Emperor of the French
Corporal Violet: see Napoleon (I)
Bonaparte, Emperor of the French
Corporation Act (1661), passed by
English Parliament requiring all of-
ficials to be members of the Church
of England, 11, 382
Corporation Colonies, in American
history, those in the nature of cor-
porations with charters, 23, 114
Corregan, Charles H. (i860 ),
American politician: Socialist La-
bor nominee for Presidency, 24,
1067
Correspondence, Committees of: see
Committees of Correspondence
Correus, King of the Belloraci, 1st
century B. C: resists Caesar, 3, 308
Corrupter, The Grand: see Walpole,
Robert
Corsica, in the Mediterranean: Phoe-
nicians colonize, 1, 121; added to
the Roman empire, 3, 107; annexed
184
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
to France, 9, 236; under Spanish
rule, 20, 299
Corsican Ogre, The: see Napoleon (I)
Bonaparte, Emperor of the French
Corsican Sesostris, The: see Napoleon
(I) Bonaparte, Emperor of the
French
Corte Nuova, Italy: battle of (1237),
4, 204, 18, 164
Cortelyou, George Bruce (1862 ),
American politician: made head of
Department of Commerce and La-
bor, 24, 1052; Parker's attack on,
1071
Cortenbergh, Treaty of (13 12), con-
cluded between the Duke of Bra-
bant and his people, 13, 32
Cortenuovo: see Corte Nuovo
Cortereal, Gaspar (1450-1501), Portu-
guese navigator: explorations of,
21, 16
Cortes (Cortez), Hernando, a Spanish
soldier and the conqueror of Mex-
ico: born at Medellin, Spain, 1485;
studied at the University of Sala-
manca; went to Espafiola, 1504, and
to Cuba, 1511, where for his serv-
ices in its conquest, he was re-
warded with an estate; commanded
the expedition for the conquest of
Mexico, 1519; appointed governor
of New Spain, 1522; went to Spain,
1528, in order to refute certain ac-
cusations against him; returned to
Mexico, 1530, but obtained only the
command of the army, the civil
authority having been placed in the
hands of a viceroy; disappointed,
he returned to Spain, 1540; accom-
panied Charles V in his Algerine
expedition, 1541; died in obscurity
at Seville, Spain, December 2, 1547
Career of, 22, 5; aids in conquest
of Cuba, 21, 17; conquers Mexico,
20, 43, 21, 17; among the Aztecs, 22,
12, 23, 38; marches on Tenochtit-
lan, 19; successes of, 39; his con-
quest of the valley, 44; his expedi-
tion to Honduras, 431; Charles V re-
wards, 23, 40; searches for the
Seven Cities of Cibola, 41; last
years of, 22, 66; death of, 74
Cortez, Martin (1 532-1 589), Spanish
noble: sketch of, 22, 69; alleged
conspiracy of, 122; tortured, 126;
his property confiscated, 127
Corumba, Paraguay: taken by the
Paraguayans (1864), 21, 157
Corunna, Spain: sacked by the Eng-
lish (1592), ix, 298; battle of (1809),
8, 486, 529, 9, 334, 11, 563
Corvetto, Luigi Emmanuele di (1756-
1822), French financier: made min-
ister of finance, 9, 367
Corvina Library, Buda, Austria-Hun-
gary: founded, 17, 165
Corvinus, Matthias: see Mathias Cor-
vinus
Corwin, Thomas (1794-1865), Amer-
ican statesman and orator: makes
campaign speeches (1840), 24, 524
Cos, Dr. (ca. 1800), Mexican writer:
in Hidalgo's rebellion, 22, 241
Cos, Island of, Aegean Sea: colo-
nized, 2, 56
Cosa, Juan de la: see La Cosa, Juan
de
Cosby, Governor, (18th century),
American colonial officer: in case
in favor of the freedom of the press,
23, 107
Cosmo de' Medici (1519-1574), Duke
of Florence, called The Father of
his Country: rule of, 4, 307
Cosmo III (1642-1723), Grand Duke
of Tuscany: receives Sheremetiev,
15, 36
Cossacks, a military people inhabiting
the steppes of Russia: marauding
expeditions of, 14, 215; rival claim
for dominion over, 244; description
of, 15, 24; in the Great Northern
War, 47; concessions to the, 95;
in Pugatchev's insurrection, 166;
destruction of the, 171
Cossus, Aulus Cornelius (ca. 380 B.
C), Roman general: kills Lars To-
lumnius, 3, 58; victory in the Pomp-
tine territory, 63
Costa, Edward da (ca. 1540), Brazilian
governor: aids Jesuits in Brazil,
20, 92
Costa Favella, Pedro da (ca. 1650),
Brazilian colonist: cruelty of, 21,
38
Costa Rica, Central America: discov-
GENERAL INDEX
185
ered, 31, 13; named, 22, 437; his-
tory of, 441
Cotta, Gaius (125-70 B. C), Roman
orator: gains the abolition of de-
cree against tribunes of the plebs,
3, 266
Cotton, Father (ca. 1600), English
prelate: secures recall of Jesuits
to France, 9, 175
Cotton, Sir Henry (1845 ), Eng-
lish official: attempts to present re-
port of Indian National Congress,
5, 293
Cotton, John (1585-1652), Puritan
clergyman: in Salem Colony, 23,
90; opposed to Hooker, 91; aids the
founding of Boston Latin School,
140; early colonial author, 142;
quoted on religious toleration, 147
Cotton, Sir Stapleton: see Comber-
mere, Viscount
Cotton Centennial: held at New Or-
leans, 24, 940
Cotton Industry: in Southern colo-
nies, 23, 136; growth of, during war
of 1812, 136; effect of tariff on,
438; invention of the cotton gin,
45. S65; dependency of the Confed-
eracy on cotton exports, 24, 726;
appropriation for extermination of
cotton Boll Weevil, 1053
Cotys, ruler of Eastern Thrace, 382-
358 B. C: forms alliance with Per-
seus of Macedonia, 3, 148
Council of a Hundred, in Carthage
(241 B. C.) : desires peace with
Rome, 3, in
Council of Ancients, The, French
Revolutionary legislative body:
members of, 10, 352; form of de-
cision and rejection, 352; dispersed
by Napoleon's orders, 416
Council of Blood: see Troubles, Coun-
cil of
Council of Ten in Venice, a secret
tribunal, 1310-1797, 4, 248
Council of the Five Hundred: see
Cinq-Cents, Council of
Council of the Indies: see Indies,
Council of the
Council of Troubles: see Troubles,
Council of
Councils:
B. C.
ca. 478. The "First Buddhist
Council," 5, 59
ca. 4th century. The " Second
Buddhist Council, 5, 60
244. Asoka's Council, 5, 60
ca. 15. Council of Kanishka, 5, 61
A. D.
311. Early Christian, 1, 35
319. Rome and Aries, 4, 119
325. Nicaea, 4, 121
359. Ariminium, 4, 126
380. Sirmium, 17, 15
381. Aquileia, 17, 15
511. Orleans, 9, 21
614. Paris, 9, 32
634. Siladitya's Council, 5, 63
673. First English Church Council,
, 39
725. Council of Gregory III, 4, 170
787. Nicaea, 9, 43
794. Frankfurt, 9, 43
839. Worms, 9, 49
888. Tribur, 9, 53
ca. 943. Ingelheim, 9, 57
1004, 1018. Zurich, 13, 344
1060. Jaca, 8, 231
1086. Great Council, 11, 80
1092. Scottish Clergy, 12, 259
1092. Szabolcz, 17, 51
1094. Autun, 9, 71
1095. Clermont, 9, 70
1132. Arad, 17, 53
1 162. Woodstock, 11, 101
1164. Clarendon, 11, 101
1 166. Clarendon, 11, 103
1 1 72. Venice, 4, 246
1245. Lyons, 4, 205, 8, 280
1245. Verona, 17, 94
1291. Norham, 12, 272
13 10. Council of Ten, 4, 248
1397. Temesvar, 17, 155
1405. Buda, 17, 155
1409. Pisa, 17, 122, 18, 201
1413. Hrodlo, 15, 377
1414. Constance, 13, 396, 17, 125,
18, 203
1431. Basle, 4, 277, 17, 136, 18, 210
1431. Nuremberg, 17, 135
1432. Prague, 17, 136
1433. Prague, 17, 137
186
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
1435. Holmstadt, 16, 128
1435. Presburg, 17, 156
1449. Basle, 4, 277
1453. Buda, 17, 160
1495. Worms, 18, 226
1502. Wiener-Neustadt, 17, 174
1511. Pisa, 9, 134
1512. St. John Lateran, 9, 135
1512. Cologne, 18, 228
1 5 19. Frankfort, 4, 301
1521. Worms, 4, 300, 9, 138, 18, 240
1524. Lucerne, 13, 438
1524. Organization of Council of
the Indies, 22, 98
1525. Basle, 13, 437
1527. Vesteraas, 16, 155
1530. Augsburg, 4, 299, 18, 248
IS36. Great Thing, 16, 194
1537- Council of the North, 11,
258
1542. Trent, 9, 155
1545. Trent, 4, 285, 17, 178, 18,
251, 260
1555- Augsburg, 9, 147
1567. Council of Blood, 13, 107
116
1569. Dublin, 15, 377
1572. Tuileries, 9, 157
1585. American Bishops, 22, 133
1600. Linkoping, 16, 172
161 1. Nokoping, 16, 176
1618. Dort, 13, 199
1630. Ratisbon, 9, 190, 18, 277
1640. At York, 11, 337
1640. Ratisbon, 18, 291
1798. Aarau, 13, 509
1815. "Song Diet," at Zurich, 13
527
1825-1829. Presburg, 17, 337
1847. Berne, 13, 551
1859. Zurich, 4, 375
1869. Ecumenical Council, 4, 393
Councils, Buddhist: the first, 5, 59;
the second, 60; the third, 60; the
fourth, 61
" Countess of Scarborough," British
vessel: fight with the "Pallas," 23,
290
Country, The Father of his: see Au-
gustus, Roman Emperor; also Cic-
ero, Marcus Tullius; also Medici,
Cosmo de'; also Doria, Andrea; also
Caesar, Julius; also Louis XVIII,
King of France; and also Washing-
ton, George
Country, The Josiah of his: see Ed-
ward VI, King of England
Country, The Mother of her: see Ma-
ria Theresa, Holy Roman Empress
Count's Feud, The, in Denmark
(IS33-IS36), 16, 194
County, Southern, unit of represen-
tation in the Legislature: unit of
representation, 23, 124; officers of,
124
Coup d' Etat of 1852 by Napoleon III
of France: account of, 9, 442
Coup d' Etat of 1898 by the Empress
of China: account of, 6, 289; promi-
nence of Yuan Shih Kai in, 298
Couper, George Ebenezer Wilson
(1824 ), English statesman, 5,
263
Courbet, Admiral (ca. 1850), French
naval commander: bombards Hue,
20, 273
Courcelles, Lorraine: battle of (1870),
9, 464, 18, 421
Courcy, Sire de (ca. 1400), French
general: at battle of Nicopolis, 14,
4i
Courcy, Sir John de (ca. 11 50), Eng-
lish noble: receives the province of
Ulster, 12, 51; appointed assistant
to De Burgo, 53; made viceroy of
Ireland, 54
Courland, Prussia: made a duchy, 15,
17; occupied by the Russians, 46;
becomes a dependency of Russia,
58; ceded to Russia, 99; Biron in-
vested with, 109; united to Russia,
I9i
Court, Admiral (ca. 1750), French
commander at battle of Toulon, 9,
238
Court, Colonel (ca. 1850), European
general in native Indian army:
trains the Sikh army, 5, 221
Courtais, Amable Gaspard Henry de
(1786-1877), French general: ap-
pointed commander of the national
guard of Paris, 9, 435
Courten, Sir William (1572-1636),
English merchant: founds Cour-
ten's Associations, 5, 158
Courtenay (1342-1396), English prel-
GENERAL INDEX
187
ate: presides over ecclesiastical
court at St. Paul's n, 172
Courten's Association, an English
trading company: formed, 5, 158;
makes settlements, J63; founds As-
sada, 164
Courtrai, Sohier (ca. 1350), Belgian
noble: fate of, 13, 33
Courtras, France: battle of (1587), 9,
162
Courtray, Belgium: battle of (1302),
called the Battle of the Spurs, 9,
87, 13, 31; battle of (1795), 10, 345
Courtray: see Courtrai
Couthon, Georges (1 756-1794), French
revolutionist: made member of the
committee of safety, 9, 285; forms
triumvirate with Robespierre and
Saint-Just, 289; his character, 10,
299; presents the law of the 22nd
Prairial, 301; arrested, 314; released,
315; arrest and death of, 9, 291, 10,
3i8
Coutinho, Vasco (ca. 1480), Portu-
guese conspirator: warns Joam II
of Portugal against conspirators, 8,
321
Couza, Alexander (ca. 1805), Ruma-
nian noble: account of, 14, 464
Covarrubias, Alvaro (ca. 1850), Chil-
ian minister: refuses Spanish de-
mands, 21, 220
Covelong: see Coblom
Covenant, First, Scottish reform
council to support the English
Church (1557), 12, 312
Covilham, Don Pedro (1450-1530),
Portuguese explorer: explorations
of, 5, 144, 8, 322, 19, 18, 20, 38
Cowley, Henry Wellesley, Lord
(1773-1847), English diplomat: lieu-
tenant governor of the Oudh ces-
sions, 5, 202
Cowley, Henry Richard Wellesley,
Lord (1804-1884), British diplomat:
aids Cavour, 17, 385
Cowpens, South Carolina: battle of
(1781), 23, 281
Cowper, William, Earl (1664-1723),
English judge and orator: becomes
Lord Chancellor, 11, 458
Cox, Jacob Dolson (1827-1900),
American general and politician: in
Grant's cabinet, 24, 861
Coxe, William (1747-1828), an Eng-
lish clergyman and historian: his
history of Russia, 15, 163
Coxey, Jacob S. (ca. 1880), American
labor demagogue: leads army of un-
employed to Washington, 24, 100
Cracow, Austria-Hungary: occupied
by the Swedes, 15, 41; forms an in-
dependent republic, 262; taken by
the Bohemians, 17, 64; united to
Bohemia, 80; annexed to Austria,
15, 300, 17, 346, 348
Cracow, University of: founded, 15,
377, 17, ii5
Craddock, General (ca. 1795), an Eng-
lish soldier: sent to Ulster, 12, 206
Cradock, Sir John, Lord Howden (ca.
1800), a British official in India:
causes mutiny at Vellore, 5, 204
Craig, Sir James, a British official:
appointed governor of Canada,
1807, 20, 153
Cramer, Anna (ca. 1730), favorite of
Catharine II of Russia, 15, 98
Crampel, Paul (ca. 1890), an African
explorer: his African expedition, 19,
161
Cranborne, Viscount: see Salisbury,
Robert Arthur Talbort Gascoyne
Cecil, Marquis of
Crandall, Prudence (ca. 1849), an
American abolitionist: imprisoned,
24, 575
Cranfield, Lionel, Earl of Middlesex
(ca. 1621), an English financier: re-
stores financial order, 11, 315; im-
peached, 318
Cranmer, Thomas (1489-1556), Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, 1533-1553:
career of, 11, 251; introduces Eng-
lish into the church service, 262;
death of, 271
Crannon, Greece: Antipater's victory
at, 2, 512
Craon, John de (14th century), Arch-
bishop of Rheims: leader of cler-
ical party, 9, 96
Craon, Peter de (14th century), a
French nobleman: attempts to as-
sassinate Clisson, 9, 108
188
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Craonne, France: battle of (1814), 10,
492, 15, 262
Crassus, Lucius Licinius (140-91 B.
C.) a Roman orator: leader of the
populace, 3, 199; aids Drusus in his
reforms, 203; death, 204
Crassus, Publius Licinius (d. ca. 87
B. C.)> a Roman soldier and states-
man: in the third Macedonian War,
3, 149
Crassus Dives, Marcus Licinius (105-
53 B. C.) a Roman general and
statesman: obliged to submit to
Cinna, 3, 225; joins Sulla, 225;
sketch of, 254; his campaign against
the gladiators, 262; joins the demo-
crats, 267; responsible for safety of
Catilinarian prisoners, 283; con-
cerned in conspiracy of Catilina,
285; joins second coalition, 288;
conference with Caesar and Pom-
peius (56 B. C.)i 315; military ambi-
tions of, 322; his campaigns in the
East, 323; death, 325; value of his
estates, 382
Crassus Dives, Publius Licinius
(first century B. C), a Roman sol-
dier: with Caesar in Gaul, 3, 302;
at battle of Carrhae, 324; his cam-
paigns in Gaul, 9, 8
Craven, Charles (d. 1754), an English
colonist: governor of South Caro-
lina, 23, 77
Crawford, Samuel W. (1829 ), an
American general: quoted on bom-
bardment of Fort Sumter, 24, 711
Crawford, William Harris (1772-
1834), an American statesman: can-
didate for presidency, 23, 460; de-
feated, 464
Crawford of Jordanhill (ca. 1570), a
British soldier: captures Dunbarton
Castle, 12, 322
Crayer, Gaspar de (1584-1669), a
Flemish painter: sketch of, 13, 220
Crazy Horse (ca. 1877), Chief of
Sioux Indians: leader of Indian war,
34, 90S
Crazy Jane: see Juana, Queen of
Spain
Cregy (Cressy), France: battle of
(1346), 9, 94, xi, 161, 17, 115
Credit Mobilier, a banking corpora-
tion chartered in Pennsylvania
(1863): scandal concerning, 24, 895;
Garfield blamed for complicity in,
931
Creek Indians, a tribe in southern
United States: location, 23, 8; Te-
cumseh seeks alliance, 416; Jack-
son's expedition against, 427; de-
feated at Horse Shoe Bend, 461;
treaty with, 470; removed to Indian
Territory, 488
Crema, Italy: siege of (1160), 4, 193,
18, 150
Cremieux, Isaac (1 796-1 880), a French
jurist and politician: member of the
provisional government, 9, 435
Cremona, Italy: battle of, 3, 133;
member of Lombard League, 4,
194; internal strife, 211; captured
by Eugene of Savoy, 9, 220
Creole State, The: see Louisiana
Crequi, Frangois de Bonne, Marshal
de (1624-1687), a French general:
his campaigns in Italy, 9, 191; de-
feated at Consarbriick, 212
Crescent, Device of the: emblem of
Ottoman power, 14, 11
Crescentius (Cencius) (d. 998 A. D.),
a leader of the popular faction at
Rome: struggles of, 4, 183, 18, 119
Cresphontes, a legendary Dorian hero,
2, 48, 60
Crespo, Joaquin (1845-1898), a Vene-
zuelan politician: president of Vene-
zuela, 2i, 246
Crespy (near Laon), Treaty of, a
treaty between Francis I of France
and Emperor Charles V (1544), 9,
144, 18, 251
Cressennbrunn, Austria-Hungary: bat-
tle of (1256), 17, 73
Cressingham, Hugh de (13th century),
British statesman: appointed guard-
ian of Scotland, 11, 148
Cressy: see Cregy
Creswell, John A. J. (1828-1891), an
American lawyer and statesmen: in
Grant's Cabinet, 24, 861
Crete (Candia), island in the Mediter-
ranean southeast of Greece: set-
tled by Saracens, 1, 353; island of,
2, 19; early civilization of, 22; Phoe-
nician settlements in, 27; early
GENERAL INDEX
189
script in, 27: Dorian migration to,
56; taken by Venetians, 536; taken
by the Turks, 538; decreed autono-
mous, 548; account of, 14, 466; re-
volts from Turkey, 502
Crete, a political party in France,
remnant of the "Mountain"; ar-
rest of seventeen members of, 10,
334
Crete, Province of, a division of the
Roman Empire: founded, 3, 275
Crevant-sur-Yonne, France: battle of
(1423), 9, 114
Crevelt, France: battle of (1758), 9,
245
Crewe, Chief Justice (ca. 1627), of
England: dismissed from office, II,
322
Crichton, Sir William (d. 1454), a
Scottish nobleman: claims guar-
dianship of James II of Scotland,
12, 293
Crillon-Mahon, Louis, Duke of (1718-
1796), a French general: his cam-
paigns against England, 9, 256
" Crime of '73 " (in American his-
tory), an act for the demonetiza-
tion of silver, 24, 899
Crimea, a peninsula of southern Rus-
sia: invaded by Munich (1736), 14,
302; annexed to Russia, 14, 345,
' 15, 183
Crimean Tatars: see Tatars
Crimean War, a war waged between
Russia and the combined forces of
Turkey, France, Great Britain
(1853-1856): causes, 9, 446, ix, 615;
14, 445, 15, 304, 305; battles of
Alma (1854), 9, 447, II, 615, 14, 455,
15, 312; Inkerman (1854), 9, 447>
11, 616, 14, 457, 15, 316; Balaklava
(1854), 9, 447, 11, 616, 14, 457, 15,
314; Malakov (1855), 14, 459, 15,
322; Fall of Sebastopol (1855), 11,
617, 14, 459, 15, 322; Treaty of
Paris (1856), 9, 448, 11, 617, 14,
460, 15, 322; results, 9, 448, 11, 618,
14, 460, 461, 15, 322, 17, 384
Crimes Act, an act putting down ille-
gal combinations among the tenants
of Ireland (1887), 11, 636
Crimesus, Greece: battle of the, 2,
417
Criminal Law of Rome: reformed by
Sulla, 237; reformed by Caesar, 3,
372
Criminals: treaty between Great Brit-
ain and the United States for ex-
tradition of, 24, 531
Criminil, Count Heinrick Reventlow
(ca. 1840), Danish statesman: made
foreign secretary of Slesvig-Hol-
stein, 16, 268
Criminil, Count Joseph Reventlow
(ca. 1840), Danish statesman: made
chancellor of Slesvig-Holstein, 16,
268
"Crisis," a phamplet: published, 23,
143
Crisp, Charles Frederick (1845-1896),
an American jurist: speaker of the
House, 24, 995
Crispi, Francesco (1819-1901), an Ital-
ian statesman: rises to power, 4,
398; opposes colonial expansion, 404
Crispus, Flavius Julius (d. 326 A. D.),
son of Constantine: beseiges Byzan-
tium, 4, 120
Critias (d. 404 B. C), Athenian orator
and politician: leader of the Thirty
Tyrants, 2, 383; his misrule, 385;
slain, 387
Critolaus (2nd century B. C.), an
Achaean demagogue: strategus of
Achaean League, 3, 166
Crittenden, Colonel (d. 1851), an
American officer: his expedition to
Cuba, 22, 452; death, 24, 625
Crittenden, John Jordan (1787-1863),
an American politician: quoted on
Clay's farewell address, 24, 601;
proposed a slavery compromise
(i860), 700
Crixus (ca. 70 B. C), Celtic slave:
leader of Gladiatorial war, 3, 261;
defeated at battle of Mount Gar-
ganus, 262
Croatia, kingdom in Austria-Hungary:
Ferdinand I respects rights and
privileges of, 17, 4; Scordisci settle
in, 11; annexed to Hungary, 52;
part of, separated from Hungary,
336; revolutionary feeling in, 343;
conditions in (1848), 355; incorpor-
ated in Hungary, 398; rebels against
the dual system of government,
190
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
405; separation from Hungary ag-
itated, 429; present political status
in, 454; inhabitants of, 21, 37
Crockett, David (1786-1836), Ameri-
can pioneer, hunter and politician:
death, 24, 534
Croesus, King of Lydia, 560-546 B. C,
celebrated for his great wealth:
born about 590 B. C; after his ac-
cession, conquered the Cohans,
Ionians, and other Asia Minor peo-
ples; was visited by Solon, who is
said to have remarked when pressed
by Croesus to acknowledge him as
the happiest of mortals, " Account
no man happy before his death;"
was defeated near Sardes by Cyrus,
King of Persia, 546; was condemned
to be burned to death but as he
stood upon the funeral pyre, he
called "Solon! Solon! Solon!"; up-
on his telling to Cyrus the story of
Solon's visit and remark, he was re-
leased and lived for many years at
the court of Cyrus, as his trusted
friend; date of his death is unknown
Legendary visit from Solon, 2,
108; reign of, 1, 146, 2, 117; war
with Persia, 2, 123; conquered by
Cyrus, 1, 161, 2, 124
Croft, Sir James (1530-1591), Eng-
lish statesman: attempts to crush
rebellion of Shane O'Neill, 12, 87
Croft, James Alexander (19th cen-
tury), British explorer: his work in
Africa, 19, 153
Croi, Philip de, Duke of Aerschot
(ca. 1550), Dutch councilor: mem-
ber of governing council of the
Netherlands, 13, 120; made gover-
nor of Flanders, 128
Croia, Albania: seized by Scanderbeg,
14, 69
Croix, Carlos Francisco de, Marques
de Croix (1699-1786), Spanish gen-
eral: his administration as viceroy
of New Spain, 22, 203
Cromer, Archbishop of Armagh (ca.
1530) : pleads with Lord Thomas
Fitzgerald, 12, 79
Cromer, Evelyn Baring, Earl of: see
Baring, Evelyn, Earl of Cromer
Crompton, Samuel (1 753-1827), Eng-
lish mechanic: invents a spinning-
machine, 11, 534
Cromwell, Oliver, an English soldier,
Lord Protector of the Common-
wealth of England, Scotland and
Ireland (1653-1658), called Old Noll
and the Saviour of the Nation: born
at Huntingdon, England, April 25,
IS99J studied at Sidney Sussex Col-
lege, Cambridge, 1616-1617; was
elected member of Parliament for
Huntingdon, 1628; represented
Cambridge in the Short and Long
Parliaments, 1640; was appointed
captain of Parliamentary horse,
1642, and colonel, 1643; organized
a model regiment, the Ironsides,
1643; took part in the battle of Mar-
ston Moor, 1644; led the right wing
in the battle of Naseby, 1645; put
down an insurrection in Wales,
1648; defeated the Scotch royalists
at Preston, 1648; as one of the High
Court signed the death-sentence of
Charles I, 1649; gained the control
of the government upon the estab-
lishment of the Commonwealth,
1649; commanded an expedition to
Ireland, 1649, an d defeated the roy-
alists at Drogheda; was appointed
commander-in-chief of the army of
the Commonwealth, 1650; gained
victories over the Scotch royalists,
at Dunbar, 1650, and at Worcester,
1651; drove out the Rump Parlia-
ment, 1653, and was appointed Lord
Protector of the Commonwealth;
governed to the advantage of Eng-
land through his commercial treat-
ies and his successful wars with the
Dutch, with Algiers, Tunis and
Tripoli, and the Spaniards; died at
Whitehall, London, September 3,
1658
Permits Jews to return to Eng-
land, 1, 421; forms alliance with
France, 9, 206; commands parlia-
mentary forces, 11, 346; made Lieu-
tenant-General in the New Model
Army, 351; conquers Ireland, 303;
appointed lord lieutenant of Ire-
land, 12, 124; condition of Scot-
land under, 343; made Lord Protec-
GENERAL INDEX
191
tor, 367; aids West Indies, 20, 70;
restores Maryland to Lord Balti-
more, 23, 72; death of, 11, 372
Cromwell, Richard (1626-17 12), son
of Oliver Cromwell, called Tumble-
down Dick, Sullen Dick, and Indo-
lent Dick: his protectorate, II, $73
Cromwell, Thomas, Earl of Essex, an
English courtier and statesman:
born of poor parents at Putney
about 1485, served in French army
in Italy; was appointed collector of
the revenues of the See of York by
Wolsey, 1514; was elected member
of Parliament, 1523; was made
privy councilor by Henry VII, 1531;
was appointed Chancellor of the
Exchequer, i~,Z3> and vicar-general
of the king to enforce the Act of
Supremacy, 1536; was chosen Lord
Privy Seal, 1536, and Lord High
Chamberlain of England, 1539; was
created Earl of Essex, 1540; nego-
tiated the marriage of Henry VII
with Anne of Cleves, and partly on
this account was accused of treason
and beheaded, July 28, 1540
Rise of, 11, 248, 255; death of,
260
Cromwell of France, The: see Robes-
. pierre, Franc, ois Maximilien Joseph
Isidore
Crook, George (1828-1890), American
soldier: in expedition against Sit-
ting Bull, 24, 905
Crookhaven, Ireland: burned by the
Dutch, 13, 197
Cropredy Bridge, England: battle of.
(1644), 11, 349
Croton, Italy: conquers Sybaris, 2,
215; Pythagoreans at, 215; taken by
Dionysius of Syracuse, 414
Crown, City of the Violet: see
Athens
Crown Land Sales Act (1842), co-
lonial agrarian law: passed, 20, 192;
repealed, 199
Crown Point, New York: expedition
planned against, 23, 176; captured
by English, 193; captured by Ethan
Allen, 228
Croy, Charles Eugene, Duke of
(ca. 1700), German commander: at
the battle of Narva, 15, 39, 16, 216
Croziers (Baglerne), Scandinavian
faction (ca. 1100): the party of the,
16, 98
Crusades, The, a number of expedi-
tions undertaken by the Christians
of Europe for the recovery of the
Holy Land from the Mohamme-
dans: account of, 2, 535, 9, 70, 11,
87, 13, 29, 14, 4, 16, 75, 85, 18, 138,
I45> 155. 161; influence of, 18, 172,
20, 14; summary of, 23, 20
Crusentolpe, Magnus Jacob (1795-
1865), Swedish historian and novel-
ist: attacks the Swedish govern-
ment, 16, 259
Crazy Goyeneche, Luis de la (1768-
1828), a Chilian general: made min-
ister of war and marine, 21, 120
Crypheia, Spartan secret police, ca.
400 B. C, 2, 309
Csak, Mathew (ca. 1300), Slavonian
leader: rebellion of, 17, 151
Csanad, Hungary: destroyed by the
Mongols, 17, 58
Csokonay, Vitez Miliary (1773-1805),
Hungarian poet: aids Hungarian
language, 17, 333
Ctesiphon, Mesopotamia: captured
and sacked (637 A. D.), 1, 261;
surrenders to the Romans, 4, 89
Cuaspud, Ecuador: battle of (1863),
21, 88, 112
Cuautla de Amilpas, Mexico: siege of
(1812), 22, 243
Cuba, the largest of the West Indies,
called the Queen of the Antilles:
discovered, 21, 7, 22, 3, 466, 23,
32; conquered by the Spaniards, 21,
17, 22, 7, 448; reduced by English,
11, 505; in treaty of Paris, 23, 198;
growth of, 20, 73; conspiracies and
revolutions in, 22, 451; Pierce on
annexation of, 24, 624; Buchanan
desires annexation of, 657; purchase
recommended by Buchanan, 671; in-
surrection of (1868-1878), 888, 1022;
(1895), 1022; American intervention
in, 22, 456; wins independence, 22,
323; under protection of the United
States, 24, 1032, 1045; military gov-
ernment in, 22, 464; present condi-
tions, 474; first general election, 24,
192
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
1046; reciprocity between the United
States and, 22, 482, 24, 1053; his-
tory of, hi the nineteenth century,
20, 325
Cubagua, a South American island:
discovered (1498), 21, 12
Cuenca, Ecuador: description of, 21,
1 06
Cuernavaca (Guauhnahuac), Mexico:
battle of (1521), 22, 47
Cuesta (ca. 1810), a Spanish comman-
der: at battle of Talavera, 8, 430
Cuestas, Juan Lindolfo (1837), a
South American politician: his ad-
ministration as president of Uru-
guay, 21, 259
Cuevas, Louis G. (ca. 1848), a Mexi-
can statesman: signs treaty with
United States, 22, 377
Cuitlahua (d. 1520), Emperor of Mex-
ico: accession of, 22, 41; death of,
44
Cullen (d. 1835), a South American
patriot: death of, 21, 124
Culloden Moor, Scotland: battle of
(1746), 11, 488, 12, 368
Cullom, Shelby Moore, a United
States Senator (ca. 1886) : investi-
gates charges against the railways,
2 4> 956; chairman of senate commit-
tee on foreign relations, 1076
Culpeper, Lord Thomas (d. 1719), a
colonial governor of Virginia: re-
ceives grant of Virginia, 23, 64;
governor, 64
Culpeper Court House, Virginia:
battle of (1862), 24, 763
Culp's Hill, Pennsylvania: connection
with battle of Gettysburg, 24, 780
Culture System of the Dutch East
Indies, 20, 289
Cumae, Italy: first Greek town in It-
aly, 2, 82; settled, 2, 83, 3, 25; bat-
tle of (474 B. C), 2, 219, 3, 57; cap-
tured by the Romans (420 B. C.),
3, 65; taken by Sabellians (415 B.
C), 2, 414
Cumana, Venezuela: occupied by the
revolutionists (1821), 21, 73
Cumans, a Ugric tribe: invade Hun-
gary, 17, 51; favored by Ladislav
IV of Hungary, 59
"Cumberland," a United States sloop:
fires on the " Merrimac," 24, 754
Cumberland, William Augustus, Duke
of (1721-1765), an English general,
younger son of George II, called
the Bloody Butcher: in the War of
Austrian Succession, 9, 238, 18, 335;
in the Seven Years' War, 9, 245;
at battle of Fontenoy, 11, 487; his
campaign against the Young Preten-
der, 11, 488, 12, 367; defeated at
Hastenbeck, IX, 499; names fort,
23, 176
Cumberland Road: building of, 23,
441
Cummings Point, South Carolina:
battery opens fire on Fort Sumter,
24, 711
Cunaxa, near Babylon: battle of
(401 B. C), 1, 167, 2, 389
Cunegunda, Princess (ca. 1200),
daughter of Emperor Philip: be-
trothal of, 17, 68
Cunegunda of Russia, Princess (ca.
1250) : marries Premysl Otokar II
of Bohemia, 17, 73; throws herself
on the mercy of Rudolf of Haps-
burg, 77; marries Zavisa of Falken-
stein, 79
Cunha, Nuno da, a Portuguese official:
governor of the Indies (1529), 5,
150, 8, 434
Cunha, Pedro Vas da (ca. 1487), Por-
tuguese explorer: sent to make con-
quests in Africa, 8, 323
Cunha, Tristan da (1460-1540), a Por-
tuguese navigator: his campaign in
Africa, 19, 21
Cuno von Stoffeln (ca. 1379), Abbot
of St. Gall, Switzerland: administra-
tion of, 13, 389
Curagao, an island of the Dutch West
Indies: under Dutch rule, 20, 73;
government of, 286
Curia, a division of the Roman State:
importance of, 3, 13
Curio, Gaius (d. 49 B. C), a Roman
politician: sells his services to Cae-
sar, 3, 331; his campaigns in Sicily
and Africa, 342; death, 342
Curium, an ancient city of Cyprus:
Greek colony of, 2, 57
GENERAL INDEX
193
Curran, John Philpot, a celebrated
Irish orator: born at Newmarket,
County Cork, Ireland, July 24, 1750;
studied at Trinity College, Dublin,
and at the Middle Temple, London;
was admitted to the Irish bar, 1775;
entered the Irish Parliament, 1783;
pleaded for the leaders of the Irish
insurrection of 1798 when they were
prosecuted by the government; was
master of the rolls in Ireland, 1806-
1814; died at Brompton, near Lon-
don, England, October 14, 1817
Favors the Rotunda Bill, 12, 192;
defends Rowan, 202; defends Wolfe
Tone, 214
Currant Convention, The, held in
Greece to protect the interests of
the currant cultivators (1905), 2,
549
Currency: see Coins and Coinage
Currency Question in India, 5, 383
Curry, Dr. (ca. 1700), Irish physician:
assumes leadership of Catholic
movement, 12, 173
Cursor, Lucius Papirius (ca. 300 B.
C), Roman dictator: in command of
Roman forces, 3, 70; defeats the
Etruscans, 71
Curtis, Benjamin Robbins (1809-
1874), an American jurist: dissents
from Taney decision, 24, 660
Curtis, George William (1824-1892),
an American journalist, orator and
author: joins liberal movement, 24,
890; refuses to support Blaine's
nomination, 943; opposes election of
Blaine (1884), 946
Curupayti, Uruguay: battle of (1865),
21, 145
Curzon, George Nathaniel, Baron
Curzon (1859 ), English states-
man and publicist: his governor-
generalship of India, 5, 279; his sec-
ond governor-generalship of India,
302
Cushing, Caleb (1800-1879), an Ameri-
can jurist, politician and diplomat:
attorney general, 24, 624; counsel
in Geneva commission, 885
Custer, George Armstrong, an Ameri-
can soldier: born at New Rumley,
Ohio, December 5, 1839; graduated
from West Point, 1861, and was
appointed lieutenant of United
States cavalry; led a brigade in the
battle of Gettysburg, 1863; took
part in the Richmond and Shenan-
doah campaigns, 1864-1865, and in
the pursuit of Lee's army, 1865; ap-
pointed lieutenant-colonel, with the
brevet rank of major-general, in the
regular army, 1866; commanded an
exploring expedition to the Black
Hills, 1874; while leading an expe-
dition against the Sioux Indians, he
together with his entire force was
killed at Little Big Horn River,
Montana, June 25, 1876
In expedition against Sitting Bull,
24, 90S
Custine, Adam Philippe, Count of
(1740-1793), French soldier: com-
mands the army of the north, 9,
285; superseded by general Hou-
chard, 10, 276; his campaigns
against the allied powers, 18, 356;
death of, 9, 287, 10, 279
Custozza, Italy: battle of 1866, 4, 390,
17, 392
Cutha, chief of the West Saxons (d.
584 A. D.) : his campaign against
the Angles, 11, 24; death of, 25
Cutler, Manasseh (1 742-1823), an
American botanist and clergyman:
plans government for Northwest
Territory, 23, 318
Cuzco, Peru: supports Vivanco, 21,
196
Cyaxares, King of Medea, 635-584 B.
C. : reign of, 2, 120; empire of, 122
Cyclades, a group of islands in the
./Egean Sea, 2, 18; Ionic coloniza-
tion of, 54; conquered by Saracens,
I, 289; captured by Turks, 2, 539
Cyclic Poets, The, authors of Greek
epic poems composed between 800
and 550 B. C, relating to the Trojan
war and the Theban war, 2, 31
Cydnus, Cilicia, Asia Minor: Alexan-
der at the, 2, 491
Cydonia, Crete: battles of (71 B. C.)
3, 260; (68 B. C), 260
Cylon (ca. 600 B. C), Athenian noble:
conspiracy of, 2, 99
Cymburga (ca. 1425), Mazovian prin-
194
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
cess: marries Ernest, the Man of
Iron, 17, 107
Cyme, Asia Minor: named by Lo-
crians, 2, 53; taken by Persians, 135;
besieged by Tissaphernes, 391
Cynoscephalae, Thessaly: battle of
(197 B. C), 2, 518, 3, 141
Cynric, King of the West Saxons (ca.
550 A. D.): attacks Britons, 11, 24
Cyprus, in the Mediterranean: con-
quered by the Saracens, 1, 289;
early syllabary used in, 2, 27, 56;
Greek settlements in, 56; submits to
Persia, 127; subdued, 135; joins the
Ionian revolt, 135; invaded by Ci-
mon, 247; submits to Alexander,
494; liberated from Egyptians, 514;
massacres in, 543; annexed to Ro-
man empire, 3, 277; conquered by
Turks, 14, 195; history of, 20, 253;
government of, 254
Cypselus, Tyrant of Corinth, 655-625
B. C: reign of, 2, 92
Cyrene, northern Africa: site fixed by
oracle, 2, 44; founded, 2, 87, 19, 7;
submits to Persia, 2, 128
Cyric (Grig), King of Scotland, ca.
900 A. D. : usurps throne, 12, 255
Cyril, grand duke of Russia (ca.
1900) : at Port Arthur, 7, 307
Cyril, Saint (820-869 A. D.), Greek
scholar and prelate: mission of, 17,
31; death of, 32
Cyrillic Alphabet: created, 17, 32
Cyrus the Elder, also called the Great,
King of Persia, 559-529 B. C, and
founder of the Persian empire: birth
and early life are lost in fabulous
tales; incited the Persians to revolt,
dethroned Astyages of Media and
ascended the throne, 559 B. C.; in-
creased his power by the conquest
of Croesus, King of Lydia, 546;
marched with a large army against
Babylon, and captured it, 538;
showed great consideration to the
conquered city; allowed the Jewish
exiles in Babylon to go back to
their own country; authorities differ
as to the manner of his death, but
it is generally believed that in the
invasion of the country of the Mas-
sagetae, he was drawn into ambush
and killed, 529 B. C.
Rise of, 1, 93; conquers Babylonia
and Assyria, 94; Lydia, 146; ances-
try of, 160; becomes king of the
Medes, 161; conquers Babylonia,
161; career of, I, 401, 2, 122, 124, 125,
126; estimate of, 2, 127; death of, 127
Cyrus the Younger (d. 401 B. C):
governor of Asia Minor, 2, 369; aids
Lysander, 369; rebels against his
brother, 388; march of the "Ten
Thousand " under, 389; killed, 389
Cythera, in the ^Egean Sea: a Phoeni-
cian possession, 2, 27
Cyzicus, Asia Minor: settled, 2, 80;
battle of, 365
Czaikowski, Michael (Sadyk Pasha)
(1808-1886), Polish novelist and
general: memoirs of, 15, 287
Czapek of San (ca. 1400), Polish com-
mander: given command of Hussite
army, 17, 138
Czartoryski, Prince Adam Casimir
(1734-1823), Polish politician: his
account of Paul's death, 15, 209
Czartoryski, Prince Adam George
(1770-1861), Polish general and pol-
itician: his influence, 15, 263; in the
Polish insurrection, 293; in Eng-
land, 296; death of, 325
Czartoryski, Ladislaus (d. ca. i860),
son of Prince Adam George Czar-
toryski: leads the Poles, 15, 325
Czech Museum at Prague: see Prague:
museum at
Czechs, branch of the Slavic race: set-
tle in Bohemia, 17, 18; form alli-
ance with Charles the Great, 30;
clamor for their political rights, 403
Czermak, Jaroslaw (1831-1878), Bo-
hemian historical painter: sketch of,
17, 416
Czernowitz, Austria-Hungary: Swed-
ish loss at, 14, 275
Czerny (Black), George (1766-1817),
a Servian leader: rebellion of, 14,
389, 395, 15, 218; fails in Bosnia,
14, 403; deserts Servia, 410; assas-
sinated, 411
Czolgosz, Leon (1873-1901), anarch-
ist: assassinates McKinley, 24, 1049
D
Dacia, a Roman province: part of,
occupied by the Goths, 17, 14; set-
tled by Servians, 22
Dacia, Martinus de (ca. 1290), Danish
statesman: chancellor of Denmark,
16, no
Dacians, inhabitants of Dacia: rise of,
17, 11
Dacre, Thomas Fienes, Lord (1517-
1541), an English soldier and poli-
tician: his campaign against the
Scots, 12, 302
Dacres, Captain, British naval officer:
commands " Guerriere," 23, 422
Daedels, Herman Willem (1762-
1818), a Dutch general: his work
in Java, 20, 288
Dagmar, Queen of Denmark: sketch
of, 16, 90
Dagobert I (602-638 A. D.), King of
the Franks, 628-638 A. D.: reign of,
9, 31, 18, 64; at war with Samo the
Merchant, 17, 20
Dagobert II (654-679 A. D.), King of
Franks: sent to Ireland, 9, 331
reign of, 34; educated in Ireland,
12, 34
Dagobert III, Frankish king, 711-714
A. D.: reign of, 9, 33
Dahae, Persian Nomadic tribe: invade
India, 5, 73
Dahlberg, Erik (ca. 1700), a Swedish
commander: defends Riga, 16, 215
Dahlgren, John Adolf (1 809-1 870), an
American rear admiral: commands
Federal fleet, 24, 805
Dahlmann, Friedrich Christoph
(1785-1860), a German historian:
his historical investigations, 16, 267
Dahomans, an African tribe: resist
the French, 19, 163
Dahomey, Africa: description of, 20,
281
d'Ailly, Pierre: see Ailly, Pierre d'
Dakota: see Sioux
Dakotas, The, two of the United
States: affected by Missouri Com-
promise, 23, 456
Dalai-lama, one of the two popes of
Lamaism: Galdan's alliance with, 6,
70; seeks aid from Peking, 101;
flight of, from Lhasa, 316
Dalberg, Duke of, a French senator
1814: member of provisional gov-
ernment, 9, 349
Dale, Richard (1 756-1 826), an Ameri-
can commodore: commands squad-
ron, 23, 394
Dale, Sir Thomas (d. 1619), a colo-
nial governor of Virginia, 23, 60
Dalgorukov, Prince Gregory (ca.
1725), a Russian official at War-
saw: tampers with the Polish diet,
15, 81
Dalhousie, James Andrew Brown
Ramsay, Earl of (1812-1860), an
English soldier: his governor-gen-
eralship of India, 5, 222
Dallas, Alexander James (1750-1817),
an American statesman: Secretary
of the Treasury, 23, 439
Dallas, George Mifflin (1792-1864), an
American politician: nominated for
Vice-president, 24, 537; hung in
effigy, 554
Dalmatia, Austria-Hungary: subject
to the Republic of Venice, 17, 4;
Italian element in, 8; conquered by
the Romans, 12; St. Luke's work in,
14; recognizes the authority of
Theodoric, 16; attacked by Croats,
21; comes under Frankish rule, 38;
annexed to Hungary, 52, 152;
sketch of its history, 284; under
Napoleon, 301; government of
(1848), 355; under the dual system
of government, 405
Dalny, Manchuria: port of, 6, 310;
Russia cedes lease of, 314
Dalrymple, Sir Hew (1750-1830), a
195
196
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
British officer: concludes conven-
tion of Cintra, 8, 529
Dalta (Rita), King of the Medes,
ca. 709 B. C. : placed on the throne
by Sargon, I, 158
Dalziel, Thomas (1599-1685), a Brit-
ish general: attempts to crush the
Scottish Presbyterians, 12, 346
Daman, British India: captured by
the Portuguese, 5, 151; under Por-
tuguese rule, 20, 298
Damascus, capital of Syria: sieges of
(842 B. C), 1, 81, 392; (805 B. C),
393; (734 B. C), 83; (633 A. D.),
269; taken by the Persians (615
A. D.), 5, 320; captured by the Em-
peror Zimisces (969 A. D.), I, 369;
taken by Selim I of Turkey (1516),
14, 130; adorned by Suleiman, 188
Damaseppus, Lucius Brutus (d. 82 B.
C.)> Roman pretor and soldier: at-
tempts to succor Rome, 3, 227;
death, 228
Dambray, Charles Henri (1 760-1 829),
a French statesman: made chancel-
lor and keeper of the seals, 9, 356
Dames (ca. 637 A. D.), an Arabian
slave: at siege of Aleppo, 1, 284
Damghan, Persia: battle of (1730),
5, 350
Damid AH (Ali Kumurzi), Grand
Vizier of Turkey (ca. 1715) : ac-
count of, 14, 285
Damiens (ca. 1759), French fanatic:
attempts to assassinate Louis XV,
9, 242
Damietta, Egypt: captured by the
Crusaders (1219), 1, 36, 9, 81
Damocles, a Syracusan courtier:
story of, 2, 412
Dampierre, Henry of (ca. 1619), an
Austrian general: his campaign in
Bohemia, 17, 203
Dan (I) Mykillati, King of Denmark,
ca. 1000 B. C: the legend of, 16,
17
Dan (II) Mykillati, King of Den-
mark, ca. 270 A. D. : the legend of,
16, 17
Dana, Francis, an American states-
man: sent as minister to Russia,
23, 268
Danai, Greek mythological charac-
ters: in Homer, 2, 33; in Egyptian
inscriptions, 33
Danby, Thomas Osborne, Earl of
(1631-1712), English statesman:
given the Treasurership, 11, 399;
in the confidence of Charles II,
402; committed to the Tower, 407;
released, 415; joins William III,
429
Dandelot (ca. 1560), brother of Co-
ligny: plots against the Guises, 9,
ISO
Dane, Sir Louis (1856 ), British
official: his mission to Kabal, 5,
295
Dane, Nathan (1752-1835), American
jurist: supports plan of govern-
ment for Northwest Territory, 23,
319; opposes ratification of the
Constitution, 335
D'Andrade, Don Fernao Peres (ca.
1522), a Portuguese naval comman-
der: in China, 6, 32
Danegeld, primitive Saxon tax:
Thomas a Becket resists the levy-
ing of, 11, 101
Danelaw, the name applied to that
part of England which was under
the laws of the Danes: extent of, 11,
43
Danes, the natives of Denmark: in-
vade England, 2, 535, it, 42, 57;
conclude peace with Alfred the
Great, 11, 43; invade Ireland, 12, 39
Danican, General (ca. 1770), French
revolutionist: summons the con-
vention to withdraw its troops, 10,
358
Daniel (d. 1303), Russian prince:
reign of, 15, 12
Daniel, John Warwick (1842 ),
American politician: chairman of
Democratic convention (1896), 24,
1013
Danish Expedition, for Arctic ex-
ploration (1906), 16, 339
Danish Revolution, The, making Den-
mark an absolute hereditary state
(1660), 16, 232
Dannebrog, Danish national stand-
ard: the origin of the, 16, 86; Or-
der of the (1670), 234
Dannenberg, General (ca. 1800), Rus-
GENERAL INDEX
197
sian general: at the siege of War-
saw, 15, 295
Danneskjold-Samsoe, Count (ca.
1750), Danish admiral: exile of, 16,
241
Dannevirke, an ancient entrenchment
erected in the 9th century as a pro-
tection of Denmark against inva-
sion from the South, 16, 30 note,
18, 85
Dannoura, Japan: battle of, 7, 62
Danrin-ji, Buddhist temple in Japan:
built, 7, 41
Dante Aligheri, an Italian poet: born
at Florence, Italy, May, 1265; first
met Beatrice Portinari in 1274
and was inspired to write poetry
through his love for her; never
married Beatrice, but two years af-
ter her death, wedded Gemma Do-
nati, 1292; lived a very unhappy
married life and finally separated
from his wife; early took up the
cause of the Guelphs and fought
at C~rnpaldino, 1289; performed
several missions to foreign courts;
was elected one of the priors of
Florence, 1300; was condemned to
perpetual c:cil2 by the Neri and his
estates confiscated, 1302; for nine-
teen years wandered from place to
place in Italy, and is even said to
have visited Paris and Oxford;
died at Ravenna, Italy, September
14, 1321
Sketch of, 4, 213, 280, 18, 186
Danton, Georges Jacques (1759-
1794), French Revolutionary
leader: excites insurrection, 9, 270;
leader of the Cordelier club, 9, 272,
10, 128; leader of the Mountain,
9, 278; his character and policy, 10,
204; his interview with Robes-
pierre, 290; his refusal to defend
himself, 292; his arrest, 293; death
of, 9, 288, 10, 294
Dantonists, in French history, the
followers of Danton: policy of, 10,
285; fall of, 290; execution of their
leaders, 295
Dantzig, West Prussia: taken by the
Swedes (1703), 16, 216; sieges of
(1733), 9, 235, 15, 119; (1793), 189;
(1807), 9, 330
Danube River, Central Europe: made
frontier of the Roman Empire, 17,
12
Dara (d. 1660), Indian prince: death
of, 5, 121
Daras, Mesopotamia: battle of (529
A. D.), 2, 532; captured by the Per-
sians (572 A. D.), 5, 319
Darboy, Georges (1813-1871), French
prelate: death of, 9, 473
d'Arc, Jeanne: see Jeanne d' Arc
Dardanelles, a straight connecting
the Sea of Marmora with the
^Egean Sea: control of, 14, 437
Dardania, Asia Minor: settled by
Servians, 17, 22
Dardsha (ca. 1750), Chinese leader:
usurps power, 6, 85
Dare, Virginia (b. 1587): first Eng-
lish child born in America, 23, 53
Dar-es-Salaam, German East Africa:
growth of, 19, T43
Darfur, Africa: annexed to Egypt,
19, 56
Dargo, Russia: taken by the Rus-
sians, 15, 299
Darien, Colony of, an unsuccessful
Scottish settlement on the Isthmus
of Panama (1695), 12, 354
Darius (I) Hystaspis, King of Per-
sia, 521-486 B. C. : was born about
548 B. C; was the son of Hystas-
pis, one of the noble race of Ach-
asmenidas; killed the usurper Gom-
ates (known to the Greeks as
Smerdis), 521, and assumed the
crown; reorganized the great em-
pire of Cyrus and Cambyses, and
divided it into twenty satrapies;
suppressed two revolts of the Bab-
ylonians; undertook an expedition
against the Scythians which was
unsuccessful; in revenge for the
part played by Athens in the Ionic
revolt of 501 B. C, Darius sent an
army under Mardonios against that
city, 492 B. C. ; this expedition fail-
ed and when he again sent a force
against Attica, Athenian valor
saved Greece at the battle of Mara-
198
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
thon, 490 B. C; was preparing to
renew the struggle when he died,
487 B. C.
Accession of, 2, 128; reign of, 1,
163; reorganizes his empire, 2, 130;
invades Scythia, 132; incensed with
Athens, 139; sends out Datis and
Artaphernes, 165; his conquest of
Babylon, 1, 94; death, 2, 172
Darius II, King of Persia, 424-405 B.
C: reign of, I, 167; his treaty with
Sparta, 2, 352; sends Cyrus to Asia
Minor, 369; death of, 2, 388
Darius III, King of Persia, 336-330
B. C. : ascends the throne, 2, 487;
reign of, 1, 168; at Issus, 2, 492;
makes proposals to Alexander, 493;
at Arbela, 496; death of, 499
Darkness, Sea of: see Atlantic Ocean
Darling, Sir Ralph (1775-1858), Eng-
lish colonial statesman: conditions
in Australia under, 20, 186
Darney (ca. 1850), French legislator:
introduces compulsory education
bill, 9, 454
Darnley, Henry Stuart, Lord (1541-
1567): marries Mary Queen of
Scots, 11, 281
Daroca, Spain: battle of (1120), 8,
233
Dartmouth College, Hanover, New
Hampshire: founded, 23, 140; Su-
preme Court decision on, 440;
Amos Kendall a graduate from, 485
Daru, Napoleon, Count (1 807-1 890),
French statesman: minister of for-
eign affairs, 9, 459
Dashkov, Catherine Romanovna
(1744-1810), Russian princess: mem-
oirs of, 15, 154; favorite of Cath-
erine the Great, 155; travels of, 159,
162
Datis (5th century B. C.) Persian
general: at Marathon, I, 166, 2,
165
Dathen, Peter (ca. 1550), Flemish
reformer: preaches Protestantism,
13, 92
Daun, Leopold Joseph Maria, Count
(1705-1766), Austrian general, call-
ed the Fabius of Austria: cam-
paigns of, 9, 246, 17, 244, 18, 335,
337, 339
Daunou, Pierre Claude Frangois
(1761-1840), French statesman and
author: opposes Napoleon, 9, 319;
his character and principles, 10,
354
Davalos, Fernando (ca. 1500), Span-
ish magistrate: arrested, 8, 346
Davalos, Ildefonzo (ca. 1650), Span-
ish bishop: his work among the In-
dians, 22, 172
Davatsi (ca. 1750), Chinese insur-
gent: opposes Dardsha, 6, 85
Davel, Daniel Abraham (d. 1723),
Swiss military officer: leads insur-
rection in the Vaud, 13, 501
Davenport, John (1598-1670), English
Puritan: founds New Haven, 23,
92
David, Saint (490-544 A. D.), patron
of Wales: his piety, II, 31
David ben Jesse (1090-1015 B. C),
Hebrew poet, prophet and king:
career of, 1, 383; character of, 387
David I, King of Scotland, 1124-
1153: his hostility to Stephen I of
England, II, 93; reign of, 12, 262
David (II) Bruce, King of Scotland,
1329-1371: reign of, 11, 157, 12,
284
David (d. 1284), Welsh prince: joins
revolt, 11, 144
David, C. N. (ca. 1825), Danish
scholar: arrest of, 16, 263
David, City of: see Jerusalem
Davidovitch (ca. 1800), Russian gen-
eral: his campaigns against Napo-
leon, 9, 301
Davie, William R. (1756-1820), Am-
erican colonist: appointed envoy,
23, 376
Davies, Robert Henry (1 824-1 902),
Anglo-Indian statesman: sketch of,
5, 252
Davis, Charles Henry (1807-1877),
American naval commander: cap-
tures Memphis, 24, 750
Davis, Cushman Kellogg (1838-1900),
American legislator: member of
Spanish-American Peace Commis-
sion, 24, 1031
Davis, David (18 15-1886), American
lawyer: joins liberal movement, 24,
800; candidate for Presidential
GENERAL INDEX
199
nomination (1872), 891; proposed
for a member of the Electoral
Commission, 912; member of the
Senate, 916
Davis, George Whitefield (1839-
1899), American general and states-
man: made governor of canal zone,
20, 333, 24, 1036; arranges judicial
system and various departments
for Porto Rico, 1040
Davis, Henry Gassaway (1823 ),
American capitalist: nominated for
Vice-president, 24, 1066
Davis, Henry Winter (181 7-1865),
American Statesman: protests
against Lincoln's actions, 24, 838
Davis, Jefferson, an American sol-
dier and statesman: born in Chris-
tian County, Kentucky, June 8,
1808; graduated from West Point,
1828; was Democratic Representa-
tive from Mississippi in Congress,
1845-1846; was with General Tay-
lor in the Mexican War, 1846-1847;
was United States Senator, 1847-
1851 and 1857-1861; was Secretary
of War, 1853-1857; was made pro-
visional President of the Confeder-
acy, February 18, 1861, and Presi-
dent, February 22, 1862; was cap-
tured near Irwinsville, Georgia,
May 10, 1865, and imprisoned in
Fortress Monroe, Virginia, 1865-
1867; received his pardon, Decem-
ber, 1868; published a book, 1881,
entitled " Rise and Fall of the Con-
federate States," in which he vindi-
cates his policy as President; died
in New Orleans, December 6,
1889; his body was removed from
there and interred at Richmond,
Virginia, May 31, 1893, with appro-
priate ceremonies and without a
display of sectional bitterness
In Mexican War, 24, 554; quoted
on the righteousness of slavery,
591; opposes Compromise of 1850,
608; heads protest against admission
of California, 609; Secretary of War,
624; Lincoln sworn into volunteer
service by, 666; denounces John
Brown's raid, 676; his resolutions on
the slavery question, 678; parting
address in Congress, 690; earlier
career, 692; elected President of
Confederacy, 692; inaugurated, 693;
quoted on grievances of the South,
699; votes against Crittenden's
compromise measure, 701; message
concerning conduct of government
at Washington toward commis-
sioners, 710; calls for troops, 717;
rejoices over secession of Virginia,
718; quoted on motives of Confed-
eracy, 726; orders Johnston to aid
Beauregard at Bull Run, 734; fa-
vors an advance on Washington
after battle of Bull Run, 736; re-
fuses to remove A. S. Johnston
from command, 745; his prophecy,
778; removes J. E. Johnston from
his command, 795; plans new cam-
paign with Hood, 802; in Hampton
Roads Conference, 809; receives
news of fall of Richmond, 810;
flight from Richmond, 810; Greeley
signs bail bond of, 892
Davis, Jefferson C. (1828-1879),
American general: captures Modoc
band, 14, 905
Davis, John (d. 1605), English navi-
gator: searches for the Northwest
Passage, 5, 156, 16, 301
Davis, Sir John Francis (1795-
1890), an English officer and writ-
er, 6, 143
Davis, Reuben (ca. 1850), American
congressman: secessionist leader,
24, 701
Davis, Thomas Osborne (1814-1845),
Irish poet and politician: founds
" The Nation," 12, 226, 228
Davout, Louis Nicolas (1770-1823),
French marshal: made marshal,
9, 322; joins Napoleon after his
return, 10, 50; camjaign against
Russia, 15, 219; occupies Presburg,
*7> 334! campaign against allied
forces, 18, 372
Dawes, Henry Laurens (1816-1903),
American lawyer: supports Hayes,
24, 915
Dawkins, Clinton Edward (ca. 1900),
English official in India, 5, 274
200
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Day, Francis (1830 ), British ich-
thyologist: founds Fort Saint
George, 5, 163
Day, William Rufus (1849 ), an
American statesman: member of
Spanish-American Peace Commis-
sion, 24, 1031
Day of the Camel, victory of the
Mohammedan Ali over the rebels
(660 A. D.), i, 246
Dayton, William Lewis (1807-1864),
an American statesman: nominated
for Vice-president, 24, 654; in Re-
publican Convention, 680
Daza, Hilarion (1838 ), Bolivian
general and politician: in the war
with Chili, 21, 235; deposed as
president of Bolivia, 236
Dazaifu, Japan: battle of (1281), 7,
75
Deak, Francis (1803-1876), an Hun-
garian orator and statesman: in
the diet of Presburg, 17, 338; in
the diets of 1831, 339; of 1836, 352;
draws up the plan of the opposi-
sition (1847), 354; made minister of
justice, 368; opposes the Austrian
constitutions, 388; in the negotia-
tions for the dual alliance, 397; re-
fuses all honors, 399
Dean, Richard (1610-1653), an Eng-
lish admiral: in the war with the
Dutch, 13, 230
Deane, Sir Harold Arthur (1854 ),
British official: chief commissioner
of the Northwest Frontier Prov-
ince, 5, 286
Deane, Silas (1737-1789), American
diplomat: delegate to first Conti-
nental Congress, 23, 223; sent to
France to procure supplies for the
army, 238; sent to Europe, 265;
commissioned as minister to
France, 265; signs Treaty of Ver-
sailles, 267
Dearborn, Henry (1751-1829), Ameri-
can soldier: Secretary of War, 23,
389
Dease, an Arctic explorer (ca. 1839) :
explorations of, 16, 309
Debris (ca. 1575), a notorious Span-
ish councilor: member of the gov-
erning council of the Netherlands,
13, 120
Debs, Eugene Victor (1855 ),
American labor leader: arrested, 24,
1003; nominated President by So-
cial Democratic Party, 1067
Debt, Law of, in Rome: suspended, 3,
40
Decarchies, committees of philo-
Spartan citizens: in Asia Minor, 2,
381
Decatur, Illinois: Lincoln nominated
by State convention at, 24, 681
Decatur, Stephen (1751-1808), Amer-
ican naval officer: commands
squadron, 23, 375
Decatur, Stephen (1779-1820), Amer-
ican naval officer: commands frig-
ate "United States," 23, 422; naval
hero in War of 1812, 433
Decazes, lie (1780-1860), French
jurist and statesman: made minis-
ter of police, 9, 367; made minis-
ter of the interior, 370; forms min-
istry, 372
Deccan Agricultural Relief Act
(1880), an act preventing the ex-
ploitation of the peasants of India
by money lenders, 5, 256
Decebalus (d. 104 A. D.), King of
Dacia: reign of, 17, 13
Decelea, Greece: seized by Spartans,
2, 342
December, The Man of: see Napo-
leon III, Emperor of the French
Decemvirate, The, in Roman history
the commission of ten appointed to
codify Roman law: appointed, 3, 44
Decisions of the Supreme Court: see
Supreme Court Decisions
Decius, Caius Messius Quintus Tra-
janus, Roman Emperor, 249-251 A.
D. : reign of, 4, 109; death of, 18,
28
Decius Mus, Publius (d. 340 B. C).
Roman consul: at battle of Senti-
num, 3, 72
Decken, Karl Klaus von der (1833-
1865), an African explorer: explo-
rations of, 19, 54
Declaration, The Czech, the formu-
lated claims of the Czechs present-
GENERAL INDEX
201
ed to Francis Joseph (1868), 17,
403
Declaration of Breda (1660), a dec-
laration containing the promises
of Charles II, II, 375 ,
Declaration of Independence, the
public act whereby the Continen-
tal Congress declared the Ameri-
can colonies independent of Great
Britain (1776), 9, 254, 10, 86, 11,
516, 20, 127, 23, 236; advocated,
23, 239; adopted, 241; its reception
among the people, 241; written by
Jefferson, 383; first draft contains
slavery clause, 24, 552
Declaration of Rights, in American
history, the protest of the colonies
against policy of the English gov-
ernment: drawn up by American
colonies, 23, 212; issued by first
Continental Congress, 223
Declaration of Rights, Venezuelan:
granted to Venezuelans (1863), 21,
98
Declaration of Secession, South Car-
olina, 24, 685
Declaration of the Rights of Man,
France (1789), 9, 265
Declarations of Indulgence: (1672),
11, 397; (1687), 425; (1688), 427
Declaratory Act, an act affirming the
right of Parliament to legislate for
the colonies (1766), 23, 214
Dedannans, Greek tribes: settle in
Ireland, 12, 24
Dediulin, General, a Russian official:
becomes commandant of the pal-
ace (1906), 15, 368
Dee, Bridge of, Scotland: battle of
(1639), 12, 338
Deer Creek, Tennessee: in Vicksburg
campaign, 24, 776
Deerfield, Massachusetts: burned in
King Philip's War, 23, 97; attacked
in the French and Indian War, 160
Defender and Baron of the Holy
Sepulcher: see Godfrey of Bouillon,
King of Jerusalem
Defender of the Faith: see Henry
VIII, King of England
" Defenders," a secret society in Ire-
land, ca. 1785, 12, 196
Defense, Treaty of, a treaty between
the English and the Dutch (1619),
5, 161
Definitive Treaty, a treaty between
England, France, and Spain (1763),
20, 120
Degennes (18th century), a French
explorer in South America: explo-
rations of, 21, 34
Degollado, General (ca. i860), Mexi-
can general: in the Reform War,
22, 383
Deities, Age of the, legendary age in
Japanese history extending to reign
of Emperor Jimmu, 7, 3
Dekabrists, a political party in Rus-
sia, 1825: insurrection of the, 15,
273
Dekker, Edouard Douwes (1820-
1887), a Dutch writer: aids reform
movement for Dutch East Indies,
20, 294
Delacroix, J. P. (1754-1794), a French
statesman: attacked by mob, 9, 284
Delagoa Bay, Indian Ocean: present
status of, 19, 250
Delaunay, Jourdan (1740-1789),
French soldier: at the siege of the
Bastile, 10, 63
Delaware, one of the United States,
called the Blue Hen State, the Dia-
mond State, and the Musk Rat
State: first settlements, 23, 108;
joined to Pennsylvania, 108; Penn
grants separate legislature, 112; sta-
tistics at outbreak of Revolution,
126; status of society at outbreak
of the Revolution, 132; land of
Quakers and Lutherans, 149; re-
fuses to surrender power of regu-
lating commerce, 311; produce from,
taxed by Pennsylvania, 311; fails to
pay her share of national govern-
ment expenses (1781), 313; chooses
delegates for Constitutional Con-
vention, 322; ratifies the Constitu-
tion, 335; opposes Lincoln's re-
election, 24, 802; Presidential elec-
tions (1868), 861; (1892), 992;
(1896), 1018
Delaware, Thomas West, Lord (1577-
1618) : governor of Virginia, 23, 60
Delaware Indians: tribe of North
American Indians: belong to Algon-
202
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
quian stock, 23, 8; negotiate with
Penn, 11 1
Delaware River, United States: Wal-
loons settle on, 23, 102; Washing-
ton crosses, 247
Delbred (ca. 1799), a French politi-
cian: proposes the renewal of the
oath to the constitution of the year
III, 10, 414
Delbriick, Martin Friederich Rudolph
(ca. 1873), German minister of com-
merce: policy of, 18, 443
Delcasse, Theophile (1852 ), min-
ister of Foreign Affairs: his visit to
Russia, 15, 356
Delessart, Antoine de Valdec (d.
1792), French secretary of foreign
affairs: imprisoned, 10, 168
De Lesseps Company: see Lesseps,
Ferdinand de
Delhi, India: captured by Mohammed
of Ghor (1193), 5, 95; adorned by
Shah Jahan, 120; battle of (1398),
104; (1804), 136, 201; sack of (1736),
127; siege of (1857), 237
Delight of Mankind, The: see Titus,
Roman Emperor
Delisle, Joseph Nicholas (1688-1768),
a French astronomer: mission of,
15, 114; services of, 195
Delium, Greece: battle of (424 B. C.)>
2, 311
Delia Rocca, General (ca. i860), Ital-
ian general: in the war against the
Papacy, 4, 381
Delos, one of the Cyclades: confed-
eracy of, 2, 217; strengthened by
Pericles, 238; synod and treasury of,
removed to Athens, 241; organiza-
tion of, 257; name of war fund
changed on account of, 429; as a
slave-market, 3, 172
Delphi, Greece: oracle of, 2, 11, 43;
not referred to in Homeric poems,
33; influence on colonization, 88;
protected by Solon, 103; ambiguity
of, 123; bribed by Cleomenes, 163;
prophecies of, before Persian War,
179; attacked by Xerxes, 198; seized
by the Phocians, 460; delivered by
Philip, 469
De Lucy, Richard (ca. 11 50), English
Justiciar, 11, 98
Delvasto (ca. 1550), Italian general:
at siege of Antwerp, 13, 149
Delyanni, Theodore (1826 ), a
Greek politician: in politics of mod-
ern Greece, 2, 548
Delzons, Alexis Joseph (1775-18 12),
French general: his campaign
against Russia, 15, 244
Demaratus, King of Sparta, 510-491
B. C.: reign of, 2, 143, 163, 190
Demarcation, Bulls of, issued (1493)
in struggle between Spain and Por-
tugal over the Indies: issued, 5, 146,
21, 14, 23, 32; false interpretations
of, 21, 39, 23, 46
Dembinski, Henryk (1791-1864), a Po-
lish general: in the Hungarian re-
volt, 15, 301, 18, 401
Demerara, British Guiana: taken by
the English, 20, 143
Demes, territorial subdivisions of At-
tica, 2, 145
Demeter, Greek goddess of vegeta-
tion, 2, 39
Demetrius Poliorcetes (335-283 B. C),
Macedonian general, 2, 513, 514
Democracy:
AMERICA: principle introduced,
23, 62; in Plymouth colony, 87; in
Massachusetts Bay colony, 88; in
the New England colonies, 124;
rise of democratic party (1824-
1828), 459; Jackson's administration,
477
AUSTRALIA: among the settlers,
20, 190
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: in Hun-
gary, 17, 331, 332, 353; in the diet
(1848), 375
CANADA: organized democracy,
20, 150; democratic spirit of consti-
tution, 172
ENGLAND: of Eliot, 11, 329; work
of Pym, Hampden, Holies and
Strode, 343; the commonwealth,
362; Declaration of Rights, 431;
John Wilkes, 508; struggle of, 1789-
1827, 539; growth of, 581; Reform
Bill (1832), 587; of the Chartists,
608
FRANCE: teaching of Rousseau,
10, 15; Jacobite ideas, 128; in Na-
tional Assembly, 155; establishment
GENERAL INDEX
of First Republic, 9, 278, 10, 215;
victory of the Jacobins (1793), 10,
254; extreme democracy of Robes-
pierre and Danton, 264; during the
Reign of Terror, 272, 273, 297; dur-
ing Revolution, 9, 278, 10, 368, 20,
138; under the Directory, 10, 375,
376; in 1830, 9, 396; spread by the
journals, 404; Second Republic
(1848), 435; Third Republic (1870),
467
GERMANY: liberal ideas promul-
gated, 9, 373; in the Universities,
18, 394; in 1848, 403; growth of
democratic party, 438
GREECE: reforms of Solon, 2, 104;
at Athens (509 B. C), 141; Consti-
tution of Cleisthenes, 152; in Aegina
173; at Athens in Age of Pericles,
238, 256, 257; in Theban cities, 245;
in cities of Confederacy of Delos,
351; at Athens, 358; efforts to lib-
erate herself from Turkey, 9, 373
HAYTI: effect of French Revolu
tion, 22, 492
IRELAND: in one branch of Cath-
olic party, 12, 199
ITALY: in Greek cities, 2, 221; in
the Lombard cities, 4, 186; in the
republics of the 13th century, 203;
in Austrian provinces, 17, 327; up-
rising in Naples, 9, 373; in 1830,
397
MEXICO: republic established
(1824), 22, 258; republic reestab-
lished (1867), 398
NETHERLANDS: at beginning of
Revolution, 13, 85; declaration of
independence, 134; effect of Ameri-
can Revolution, 257; during French
Revolution, 266, 272
POLAND: in 1830, 9, 397
ROME: reforms of Cato, 3, 158;
after death of Sulla, 255; under 1st
coalition, 267; restoration of, 279,
280
SICILY: in Greek cities, 2, 221
SOUTH AMERICA: under Simon
Bolivar, 21, 58; Colombia, 69; Para-
guay, 69, 147; Argentine Republic
120; Uruguay, 137; Brazil, 253; ef-
fect of American and French Revo
lutions, 266
SWITZERLAND: at Geneva
(i737), 13, 498, 500; effect of French
Revolution, 10, 399, 13, 503, 506; in
Zurich (1838), 13, 542; in the va-
rious states, 564
WEST INDIES: outbreaks in Ja-
maica, 20, 139; Republic of Cuba
(1902), 22, 471
Democratic Party, in the United
States: origin, 23, 434; rise of, 459;
followers of Jackson, 498, 501; sec-
ond national convention, 509; con-
vention at Baltimore (1840), 24,
522; pleased with Tyler, 529; con-
ventions at Baltimore (1844), 536;
(1848), 555; (1852), 619; at Cincin-
nati (1856), 652; dissension due to
Lecompton policy, 663; disruption
of Northern and Southern Demo-
crats, 679; conventions at Baltimore
(i860), 682; at New York (1868),
858; theories of, sustained by Chief
Justice Chase, 859; regains control
in Southern States, 873, 932; con-
ventions at Baltimore (1872), 892;
at St. Louis (1876), 908; at Cincin-
nati (1880), 930; at Chicago (1884),
944; tariff issue of 1888, 963; plat-
form in 1888, 966; " landslide elec-
tion " of 1890, 975; convention at
Chicago (1892), 989; platform
(1892), 990; absorbs Populists, 1012;
convention at Chicago (1896), 1012;
platform (1900), 1038; convention at
St. Louis (1904), 1064
Democrats, in the French Revolution:
system of, 10, 297; revolutionary
power of, 325; reestablish their club
at the Pantheon, 375; their society
closed by the directory, 376; last
attempt and final defeat of, 378;
elections of the year VI, 400; of the
year VII, 403
Democrats, Gold, in United States his-
tory those Democrats who were op-
posed to free silver: convention at
Indianapolis (1896), 24, 1015
Demon of the South, The: see Philip
II, King of Spain
Demosthenes (d. 413 B. C), Athenian
general: his campaign in the Pelo-
ponnesus, 2, 300, 301; fortifies Pylos,
302; takes Sphacteria, 307; sent to
204
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Sicily, 342; captured, 346; slain, 347
Demosthenes (385-322 B. C), Athen-
ian orator, 2, 464; Olynthiac ora-
tions of, 466; sent on embassy to
Pella, 467; political activity of, 469;
travels in Peloponnesus, 470; urges
the Athenians to war, 472; per-
suades the Thebans to war, 476;
stirs up Greece against Alexander,
485; incites revolt, 512
Demosthenes, The High-born: see
William the Silent
Demosthenes of America, The: see
Webster, Daniel
Demosthenes of France, The: see
Mirabeau, Gabriel Honor e Riquetti,
Count
Denain, France: battle of (1712), 9,
224, 11, 463
Denby, Charles (1 830-1 904), Ameri-
can lawyer: minister to China, 6
298; member of Philippine commis-
sion, 24, 1042
Dendermonde Conference, The, be-
tween William of Orange and his
nobles (1566), 13, 100
Denina, Carlo (1731-1813), Italian
historian and priest: sketch of, 4,
409
Denis, Saint (d. 272 A. D.), patron
saint of France, called the Apostle
of France and the Apostle of the
Gauls: martyred, 9, 12
Denison, Sir William Thomas, Gov-
ernor-general of India, December 2,
1863-January 12, 1864: administra-
tion of, 5, 245
Denmark, a kingdom in northern
Europe: legendary history of, 16
16; consolidation of, 20, 22; Adam
of Bremen's description of, 61; un-
der the Estridsens, 67; under the
Valdemars, 80; at the close of the
Middle Ages, 141; Sweden dissolves
union with, 154; benevolent despot-
ism in, 230; in the age of political
revolution, 247; allied with Russia
(1760), 14, 322; withdraws support
from Russia, 360; treaty with China
(1870), 6, 221; approves cession of
St. Thomas, 24, 879; concludes
treaty with Japan, 7, 189; consti-
tutional government in, 16, 288
Dennewitz, Germany: battle of
(1813), 9, 343, 18, 384
Deogiri, India: captured by Ala-ud-
din, 5, 99; captured by Malik Kafur,
100
Departments, districts of France: in-
surrection of the, 10, 267
Dependent Pension Bill, a bill allow-
ing $12 per month to all who had
served in the Civil War as long as
90 days: vetoed by President Cleve-
land, 24, 952; effect on election
(1890), 975
Depew, Chauncey Mitchell (1834
), an American lawyer and poli-
tician: agitated for Presidency, 24,
965
Deposed Rulers:
B. C.
1090. Herhor of Egypt, 1, 29
Terhakah of Egypt, 1, 30
Peisistratus of Athens, 2, no
Pausanias of Sparta, 2, 398
Nektanebos, 1, 33
Darius of Persia, 2, 497
Demetrius of Macedon, 3, 76
670.
558.
395-
343-
331.
287.
A. D.
456. Childeric, King of the Franks,
9, 17
912. Charles the Simple, 9, 54
945. Muiz ad-Daula, 1, 366
1010. Mohammed of Toledo, 8, 138
1037. Archbishop Herebert of Mi-
lan, 18, 127
1061. Andrew, King of Hungary,
17, Si
1 142. Emperor Sutoku of Japan, 7,
56
1152. Dermot MacMurrogh, King
of Leinster, 12, 48
1236. Frederick the Quarrelsome,
Duke of Austria, 18, 164
1240. Raziya, 5, 97
Frederick II, 4, 205
Edward II of England, II,
I24S-
1327.
155
i33i.
7,i
1399-
186
1435.
1439-
Emperor Godaigo of Japan,
Richard II of England, II,
Pope Eugenius IV, 4, 224
King Erik VII of Denmark,
Norway, and Sweden, 16, 129
GENERAL INDEX
205
1445. Mohammed VIII of Spain, 8,
119
1512. Bayezid II of Turkey, 14,
117
1568. Mary Queen of Scots, 11, 274
1569. Aben Humeya, 8, 370
1569. Erik XIV of Sweden, 16, 163
1622. Othman II of Turkey, 14,
213
1648. Ibrahim of Turkey, 14, 227
1649. Charles I of England, IX, 361
1667. Alfonso VI of Portugal, 8,
468
1687. Mohammed IV of Turkey,
14, 251
1688. James II of England, II, 430
1771. Ali Bey of Egypt, 1, 37
1792. Louis XVI of France, 8, 482,
9, 269, 10, 198
1798. Charles Emanuel II of Sar-
dinia, 4, 344, 9, 307
1798. Pope Pius VI, 9, 307
1806. Prince Morutzi and Prince
Ipsilanti, 14, 396
1806. Ferdinand of Naples, 10, 467
1808. Charles IV of Spain, 8, 486,
9, 332, 10, 47s, 20, 142
1808. Mustapha of Turkey, 14, 401
1809. Pope Pius VII, 9, 337
1814. Napoleon I, Emperor of the
French, 8, 486, 9, 350, 10, 494, 11,
566, 18, 388
1815. Napoleon I (second time),
8, 487, 532, 9, 365, 10, 502, 11, 568,
18, 390
1840. Maria Christina of Spain, 9,
418
1848. Pope Pius IX, 4, 365
1851. Diego Noboa, president of
Ecuador, 21, no
1858. Prince Alexander Kara-
georgevitch, 14, 465
1863. King Otho of Greece, 2, 546
1868. Isabella II of Spain, 9, 461
1870. Napoleon III of France, 9,
466
Depretis, Agostino (1813-1887), Ital-
ian statesman: head of Italian gov-
ernment, 4, 397
Derar (7th century A. D.), an Arabian
warrior: attacks Turks, 1, 271
Derbent, Russia: surrenders to Peter
(1722), 15, 79
Derby, Edward Geoffrey Smith Stan-
ley, Earl of: see Stanley, Edward
Geoffrey Smith, Earl of Derby
Derby, Henry, Earl of: see Henry IV,
King of England
Dercyllidas (ca. 399 B. C), Spartan
general, 2, 391, 401
De Romanov (ca. 1808), a Russian
diplomat: minister for Russia, 14,
404 ^
Derqui, Santiago, a South American
statesman: president of Argentina,
1868, 21, 129; flees from Argentina,
130
Derry (Londonderry), Ireland: siege
of (1689), 12, 134
Dervishes, Revolt of the: a revolt of
the dervishes of Europe and Asia
against the Sultan (1420), 14, 57
Derwentwater, James Radcliffe, Earl
of (1689-1716), an English Catholic
nobleman: supports claims of the
Old Pretender, 12, 362
Derzhavin, Gabriel Romanovitch
(1714-1816), a Russian lyric poet:
account of, 15, 193, 269
Deshnev, Simon, a Russian explorer
in Arctic regions: explorations of,
16, 305
Desiderius (Didier), King of Italy,
756-774 A. D.: reign of, 4, 173; war
with Charlemagne, 9, 41, 18, 79
Desmond, Thomas Fitzgerald, Earl
of: see Fitzgerald, Thomas, Earl of
Desmond
Desmoulins, Benoit Camille (1760-
1794), a French revolutionist: in-
duces populace to arm against court
party, 9, 263, 270, 10, 56; leader of
the Cordelier club, 9, 272, 10, 128;
his character, 10, 286; expelled from
the Jacobins, 289; death of, 9, 288,
10, 294
Desor, Edouard (1811-1882), a Swiss
scientist: sketch of, 13, 584
De Soto, Hernando: see Soto, Her-
nando de
De Sousa (ca. 1889), an African half-
caste: sketch of, 19, 226
206
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Despans of Cubieres (19th century), a
peer of France: scandal concerning,
9, 428
Despenser, Hugh le, Earl of Winches-
ter (1262-1326), an English court
favorite; exiled by Parliament, 11,
154; executed, 155
Despenser, Hugh le (d. 1326), son of
Hugh le Despenser, Earl of Win-
chester: exiled by Parliament, II,
154; executed, 155
Dessalines, Jean Jacques (1758-1806),
a negro revolutionist of Hayti, em-
peror of Hayti, 1804-1806: leads war
against French, 20, 140; accession
of, 10, 445, 20, 141, 22, 493
Dessau, Germany: battle of (1626),
18, 275
Desseffoy, Joseph (ca. 1815), Hunga-
rian member of Austrian diet: ex-
cluded from the diet, 17, 336
Dessolle, Jean Joseph Paul Augustin,
Marquis (1767-1828), a French gen-
eral and politician: ministry of, 9,
370; made member of Louis
XVIII's council, 355
Destiny, Stone of: see Stone of Des-
tiny
Destiny, The Man of: see Napoleon
(I) Bonaparte
Detmold, Germany: battle of (783 A.
D.), 18, 82
Detroit, Michigan, called the City of
the Straits: in French claims, 23,
168; besieged by Indians, 200; given
up by England, 362; surrendered by
Hull, 20, 154, 23, 420; Harrison re-
captures, 23, 425
Dettingen, Bavaria: battle of (1743),
9, 238, 13, 255, 18, 330
Deuntzer, J. H., premier of Denmark,
1901: ministry of, 16, 290
Deutscher Bund: see German Confed-
eration, The
Devay (ca. 1548), a Lutheran reform-
er: his work in Hungary, 17, 221
Devens, Charles, an American politi-
cian: Attorney-General (1877), 24,
916
Devlet Ghirai, Khan of Crimea, ca.
1710: urges war upon Russia, 14,
276
Devlet Ghirai, Khan of the Crimea, ca.
1769: succeeds Krim Ghirai, 14, 323,
345
Devon, Earl of (ca. 1843) : commis-
sioned to inquire into grievances of
Irish tenants, 11, 604
Devon Commission, a commission ap-
pointed by Peel to investigate con-
ditions of the tenants in Ireland
(1843), 11, 604, 12, 238 note
Devonshire, William Cavendish, 1st
Duke of (1640-1707), an English
nobleman: joins William III, 11,
429
Devonshire, William Cavendish, 4th
Duke of (1720-1764), English states-
man: becomes First Lord of the
Treasury, 11, 497
Dewey, George, an American naval
officer: born at Montpelier, Ver-
mont, December 26, 1837; graduated
from the naval academy at Annapo-
lis, 1858; served on thz steam fri-
gate " Wabash," Mediterranean
squadron, 1858-1S61; on the sloop-
of-war " Mississippi," West Gulf
squadron, 1861-1862, when that ves-
sel was destroyed during the battle
of Port Hudson; afterward. 3 was
on several vessels of tho North At-
lantic squadron; was commissioned
lieutenant, 1861; commander, 1872;
captain, 1884; commodore, 1896;
took command of the Asiatic squad-
ron, January, 1898; completely de-
stroyed the Spanish Asiatic squad-
ron, in Manila Bay, May I, 1898;
upon receipt of official news of this
victory, was made rear admiral and
thanked by act of Congress; was a
member of the Philippine Commis-
sion, 1899; commissioned admiral,
March 2, 1899; lives, Washington,
D. C.
At battle of Manila Bay, 8, 520,
20, 315, 22, 458, 24, 1028; commands
Asiatic Squadron, 24, 1028; member
of the Philippine Commission, 1042
De Witte: see Witte
Dhanis Mutiny, The, revolt of natives
in Africa (1897), 19, 254
Dhulip Singh (ca. i860), native ruler
GENERAL INDEX
207
in India: recognized as raja in In-
dia, 5, 221
Dhu Nuwas, King of Arabia, ca. 525
A. D. : persecutes the Christians, 1,
187; overthrown by the Abyssinians,
415
Diamond, Battle of the (1795), 12, 205
Diamond State, The: see Delaware
Dias, Count Diego (ca. 1230), a Span-
ish noble: takes up arms against
accession of Ferdinand III of Cas-
tile, 8, 151
Dias de Haro, Lope (d. 1288), Spanish
noble: career of, 8, 157
Diaz (ca. 1868), a Cuban revolution-
ist: leads Cuban insurrection, 20,
327
Diaz, Bartholomew (1445-1500), Por-
tuguese navigator: rounds the Cape
of Good Hope, 5, 144, 8, 323, 19, 18
23, 25
Diaz, Diego (ca. 1500), a Portuguese
navigator: discovers Madagascar,
19, 211
Diaz, Dinis (ca. 1445), a Portuguese
explorer in Africa: explorations of,
19, 17
Diaz, Enrique (ca. 1654), a Brazilian
negro patriot: leads rebellion
against foreign rule in Brazil, 21,
33
Diaz, Juan, Mexican licentiate: labors
for the conversion of the Aztecs, 22,
12
Diaz, Luciano, Cuban statesman: a
member of cabinet (1902), 22, 468
Diaz, Porfirio (1830 ), a Mexican
general and statesman: his cam-
paign against the French, 22, 385;
at the capitulation of Mexico (1863),
387; sketch of, 398; candidate for
the presidency (1870), 401; his ad-
ministration as president of Mexico,
404; second administration of, 409
Diaz del Castillo, Bernal (1498-1593),
a Spanish soldier and author:
quoted on the capture of Mexico,
22, 61
Dicasteries, The Athenian, judicial tri-
bunals, 2, 149, 252
Diceto de, Ralph: see Ralph de Diceto
Dicho, Irish chief (ca. 430 A. D.):
conversion of, 12, 28
Dick, Indolent: see Cromwell, Richard
Dick, Queen: see Cromwell, Richard
Dickens, Charles (1812-1870), English
novelist, 11, 612
Dickens, Guy (ca. 1750), English min-
ister: his description of the court of
Elizabeth, 15, 142
Dickinson, John (1 732-1808), an
American statesman and orator:
uses his eloquence in favor of re-
bellion, 23, 216; delegate to first
Continental Congress, 223; opposes
a declaration of independence, 240;
supposed author of the Articles of
Confederation, 300
Dickon of the Broom: see Richard (I)
Cceur de Lion
Dictator, temporary supreme officer in
Rome: powers of, 3, 31; opened to
the plebeians, 49
Dictator of Letters, The: see Voltaire
Dicuil (ca. 825 A. D.), Irish monk and
geographer: writes of Thule, 16, 298
Diderot, Denis (1712-1784), French
philosopher and savant: aids Cath-
erine, IS, 159; receives the Princess
Dashkov, 162; Catherine's relations
with, 197
Didier: see Desiderius
Didius (ca. 100 B. C), Roman praetor:
defeated by Sertorius, 8, 20
Diebitsch Sabalkanski, Count Ivan
Ivanovitch (1785-1831), Russian
general: treaty with York, 15, 256,
18, 381; his campaign against Tur-
key, 14, 62, 428, 15, 284; in the Po-
lish insurrection, 15, 294; death of,
295
Diedrich, Admiral von, German naval
commander: attempts to send a
warship into the harbor of Manila
(1898), 24, 1035
Diego, Italy: battle of (1796), 9, 298
Diego, Prince of Viseo (ca. 1450),
Spanish noble: schemes for the
throne of Portugal, 8, 320
Diego Alguazil (ca. 1550), Spanish
rebel: plots ruin of Mohammed ben
Humeya, 8, 370
Diego Gomez, Don (ca. 1100), Span-
ish noble: at battle of Sepulveda, 8,
144
Diego Lopez ben Aboo (Muley Ab-
208
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
dalla) (ca. 1550), Spanish rebel:
leads Morisco reolt, 8, 367; sub-
mits, 369; again joins the rebels,
370; acknowledged as chief of the
Moriscos, 370
Diego Nunez (ca. 950 A. D.), Spanish
count: revolt of, 8, 136
Diego Suarez, Madagascar: ceded to
France, 20, 278
Diepold of Lobkovitz: see Lobkovitz,
Diepold of
Diepolt (ca. 1150), Czech prince: re-
gent of Bohemia, 17, 66
Dieppe, France: importance of, in the
middle ages, 19, 15
Dieskau, Ludwig August von (d.
1767), German officer in French
service: defeated and mortally
wounded, 23, 123
Dietrich, Count of Holland (ca. 1050) :
revolt of, 18, 130
Dietrichstein, Franz (1570-1636), Ger
man prince: his rule as governor,
of Moravia, 17, 209
Diets:
1 132. Arad, 17, 53
1245. Verona, 17, 94
1388. Oslo, 16, 120
1397. Temesvar, 17, 155
1405. Buda, 17, 155
1413. Hrodlo, 15, 379
1431. Nuremberg, 17, 135
1432. Prague, 17, 136
1433. Prague, 17, 137
1435. Holmstadt, 16, 128
1435. Presburg, 17, 156
1444. Rakos, 17, 159
1453. Buda, 17, 160
1495. Worms, 18, 226
1521. Worms, 13, 55, 18, 240
1526. Vadstena, 16, 155
1527. Vesteraas, 16, 155
1529. Speyer, 18, 246
1530. Augsburg, 18, 248
1532. Nuremberg, 18, 249
1555. Augsburg, 9, 147
1569. Lublin, 15, 379
1630-1631. Ratisbon, 9, 187, 190
1788-1793. Grodno, 15, 189
1797. Aarau, 13, 509
1809. Borga, 15, 217
1818. Poland, 15, 263
1820. Poland, 15, 268
1825-1829. Presburg, 17, 294
1831. Balogli, 17, 339
1836. Beszeredy, 17, 352
1847. Berne, 13, 551
Dietzmann (ca. 1300), Count of Thu-
ringia: quarrels with his father, 18,
183; defeats Albert I of Germany,
184
Diez, Johann: see Tetzel, Johann
Dig, India: battle of (1804), 5, 136
Digby, John (1580-1653), English
lord: his mission to Vienna, II, 316
Dijon, France: siege of (1513), 9, 135
Dilemite Dynasty, Persian rulers, ca.
900 A. D.: reign of, 5, 328
Dilke, Sir Charles (1843 ), Eng-
lish Commoner: brings charges
against the administration in Congo
Free State, 19, 254
Dillon, John (1850 ), Irish patriot:
reads Mitchell's speech in the
House of Commons, 12, 232; leads
Anti-Parnellite majority, 242 note
Dillon, John Blake (early 19th cen-
tury), Irish patriot: founds "The
Nation," 12, 226, 228
Dillon, Theobald (1745-1792), French
marshal: ordered to advance upon
Tournai, 10, 173
Dimick, Justin (ca. 1850), American
commander: in the Mexican War,
22, 346
Dingley, Nelson (1832-1899), Ameri-
can legislator: introduces a tariff
bill, 24, 1019
Dinis, King of Portugal, 1279-1325:
reign of, 8, 282
Dinner Bell, The: see Burke, Edmund
Dinwiddie, Robert (1 690-1 770), Scotch
colonist: claims under Indian treat-
ies, 23, 170; sends Washington to
warn French fort, 170
Diocletian (245-313 A. D.), Emperor
of Rome, 284-305 A. D. : reign of, 2,
522, 526, 4, 112, 113; persecutes
Christians, 8, 31; policy in Austro-
Hungarian countries, 17, 14; divides
the empire, II, 14
Diodotus (ca. 400 B. C), Athenian
orator: opposes Cleon, 2, 295
Diomedes, legendary Greek hero: in
Homer, 2, 33
Dion (410-353 B. C), Syracusan
GENERAL INDEX
209
statesman: expels Dionysius II, 2,
416; banished and killed, 416
Dionysius the Elder (430-367 B. C.)
Tyrant of Syracuse, 406-367 B. C:
reign of, 2, 410; founds Syracusan
colonies on Illyrian coast, 3, 57;
contest with Carthage for suprem-
acy, 93; his death, 2, 415
Dionysius the Younger, Tyrant of
Syracuse, 367-344 B. C.: his reign,
2, 415; exiled, 416; at Corinth, 417
Dionysus, Greek god of wine, 2, 39
Diopeithes (ca. 344 B. C.)> Athenian
general, 2, 472
Diospolis: see Thebes
Dipa Negara, Java: revolt of, 20, 288
Directory, The, the body of five men
who held the executive power in
France, 1795-1799: created, 9, 296,
*<>, 3535 duration of, and powers of
its members, 353; first composition
of, 361; wretched condition of, in
the Luxembourg, 370; its division
of labor, 370; its address to its
agents, 371; attempts to revive paper
money, 372; proposes mandats ter-
ritoriaux, 372; attacked by the royal-
ists and democrats, 375; changes in,
385; determines to attack the legis-
lative majority, 391; removes the
place of sittings of the councils, 391;
its message explaining the reason
of its measures, 392; the act of os-
tracism, 392; returns to the revolu-
tionary government, 395; its con-
dition makes war its only support,
395; its unavowed object in the ex-
pedition to Egypt, 397; annuls the
democratic elections of the year
VI, 400; disorganized by the coun-
cils, 403; two new parties in, 405;
reorganized, 406; end of, 412
Dirk, Count (ninth century), governor
of Friesland, ca. 1018: founds Dor-
drecht, 13, 24
"Discovery," an English vessel: car-
ries settlers to Virginia, 23, 57
Discovery and Exploration:
AFRICA: by Phoenicians, 19, 5; by
the Romans along the Nile (60 A.
D.), 10; by the Arabs in 14th cen-
tury, 12; along the west coast by
Italians, 15; by the Portuguese, 8,
328, 19, 15, 20, 33, 35; Cape of Good
Hope by Diaz, 5, 144; Cape of Good
Hope by Vasco da Gama, 8, 325,
20, 39, 31, 14, 23, 25; by the Eng-
lish, 19, 28, 50; by Livingstone, 47;
of Lake Tanganyika, 53; of Victoria
Nyanza, by Speke, 53; of Albert
Nyanza, by Baker, 55; by Von der
Decken, 54; by Stanley, 59, 64, 66,
68; by De Brazza, 71; by the Ger-
mans, 89, 139, 143, 178; of Niger
basin, 147; by the French, 147, 151,
161, 201; from the Cameroons, 165;
under Lugard, 192; under British
East African Company, 204; expe-
dition to Mashonaland, 229
AMERICA, NORTH: by Scandina-
vians, 16, 44, 21, 3, 23, 19; Green-
land, by Gunnibiorn, 21, 3; by Co-
lumbus, 8, 186, 16, 300, 19, 19, 23,
31; Newfoundland, by Cabots
(1497), 5, 156, 19, 19; Florida by
Ponce de Leon, 23, 38; Carolinas
by Vasquez de Ayllon, 38; of Mis-
sissippi River by De Soto, 23, 42;
by Verazzano, 20, 49, 81; voyages
of Henry Hudson, 16, 304; St. Law-
rence River, by Cartier, 20, 49, 81,
23, 46; Islands of St. John, New-
foundland, and coast of Labrador,
by John Cabot, 20, 49, 84, 21, 15,
23, 34; St. John's River by Jean
Ribaut, 23, 47; by the English, 51;
Labrador by Gilbert, 52; New Eng-
land'by Bartholomew Gosnold, Mar-
tin Pring, and George Weymouth,
54; Mississippi River by La Salle,
20, 85; Alaska by Bering, 305;
of California, 22, 73, 143; explora-
tion of West by Lewis and Clark,
23, 400, 542; of West by Zebulon
Pike, 23, 401; Columbia River by
Captain Gray, 541; Rocky Moun-
tains, by John C. Fremont, 23, 654
AMERICA, SOUTH: by Christo-
pher Columbus, 20, 38, 21, 12, 23,
33; by Cabral, 8, 326, 459, 20, 43, 21,
15; by Sebastian Cabot, 20, 92; of
Magellan, 8, 331, 332; by Rodrigo de
Bastidas and Juan de la Cosa, 21,
16; by Juan Diaz de Solis and
Yaiiez Pinzon, 16; by Pedro Arias
de Avila, 17; by Diaz de Solis, 17;
210
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Orinoco River by Diego de Ordaz,
25; under John VI, 165; voyages
of Drake (1577), II, 290; along the
Orinoco by Sir Walter Raleigh, 312
ARCTIC REGIONS: main treat-
ment, 16, 295; Pytheas (3rd cen-
tury B. C.)> 298; of the Norsemen,
300; of Willoughby (1533), 300; the
Muscovy Company, 301; by Fro-
bisher, 23, 52; expedition of Willem
Barents, 16, 302; Henry Hudson
(1607), 303; of Hudson Bay by Luke
Fox and Captain James, 305; of
Bering Strait by Vitus Bering
(1728), 305; Liakhov in Siberian
Ocean (1777), 306
ASIA: of Alexander the Great, 2,
502
ENGLAND: of Pytheas and Pose-
donius, II, 5
INDIA: Vasco da Gama, 5, 138, 8,
434; of Jenkinson (1558), 5, 140; of
Marco Polo, Nicolo Conti and Nik-
itin, 141; of Portuguese, 5, 142, 8,
329; of Thomas Stevens (1579), 5,
156; exploration of Tibet, 378
ITALY: of Phoenicians, 3, 25
MEXICO: by Cortez, 23, 39
NEW SPAIN: by Juan de Grijalva,
22, 4, 23, 38; Isthmus of Panama
and Pacific Ocean by Vasco Nunez
de Balboa, 21, 16, 23, 36
NORWAY: of Spitzbergen by Rijp
and Heemskirk, 13, 167
PACIFIC ISLANDS: New Zea-
land, New Holland, Sandwich
Islands and western coast of North
America, 20, 123; Philippine
Islands, by Magellan, 20, 51, 23, 37
WEST INDIES: by Christopher
Columbus, 20, 37, 21, 6, 7, 22, 491,
23, 3i
YUCATAN: by Columbus, Pinzon,
Grijalva and Cortez, 22, 423
Disestablishing Act, the act disestab-
lishing and disendowing the Irish
Church (1868), 12, 238 note
Disraeli, Benjamin, Earl of Beacons-
field, an English statesman and au-
thor: born in London, December 21,
1805; produced his first novel, 1826;
was elected to the House of Com-
mons, 1837; became one of the lead-
ers of the Young England party
about 1841; was the acknowledged
leader of the Protectionist party
about 1848; was Chancellor of the
Exchequer, 1852, 1858-1859, and
1866-1868; author of the Reform
Bill of 1867; was Premier, 1868, and
1874-1880; was created Earl of Bea-
consfield, 1876; was plenipotentiary
at the Congress of Berlin, 1878; died
at London, April 19, 1881
Becomes leader of opposition
party, 11, 605; defeats Peel minis-
try, 606; made Chancellor of the
Exchequer, 609; introduces a Re-
form Bill (1851), 621; first ministry
of, 625; second ministry of, 628; ef-
fect of Bulgarian massacres on pol-
icy of, 14, 477; his view of the
Treaty of San Stefano, 487; foreign
policy of, 15, 337; his Afghan pol-
icy, 5, 256
District of Columbia, the federal dis-
trict which contains the capital of
the United States: building of
Washington, 23, 380; center of do-
mestic slave trade, 24, 570; Quakers
petition for abolition of slavery in,
572; Compromise of 1850 and, 601;
slavery abolished, 609
Ditmarshers (Marshmen), inhabitants
of Ditmarsh in Prussia: revolt of
the, 16, .138; Frederick II at war
with the, 196
Diu, India: battles of (1509), 5, 148;
(1546), 151; sieges of (1529), 8, 434;
(1537), 435; (1538), 5, 150; under
Portuguese rule, 20, 298
Divan, The, Turkish council, 14, 369
Divico (ca. 107 B. C), Helvetian gen-
eral: leads revolts of Helvetii, 3,
193; defeats the Romans, 13, 329
Dix, John Adams (1798-1879), Ameri-
can statesman and general: member
of Buffalo convention (1848), 24,
558; telegraphs to a New Orleans
customs officer, 715
Dixon (ca. 1798), an Irish insur-
gent: in the Rebellion of 1798, 12,
211
Dixon, Archibald, United States Sen-
ator, 1853: proposes repeal of Mis-
souri Compromise, 24, 633
GENERAL INDEX
211
Djala-ud-din (ca. 1220), Persian ruler:
death of, 5, 334
Djem, Prince (ca. 1480), a Turkish
poet, son of Mohammed II: account
of, 14, 107; buried at Brusa, 113
Djenguiz Khan: see Genghis Khan
Djezzar Pasha (18th century): rebel-
lion of, 14, 366; commands Syrian
forces against France, 381; returns
to insubordination, 386
Djouneid, Ottoman governor (ca.
1410) : revolt of, 14, 55
Djunis, Turkey: battle of (1876), 14,
478, 17, 419
Dlombrovski, Jan Henryk (1755-
1818), Polish general: at the Bere-
sina, 15, 252
Dmitri (1581-1591), Tsarevitch of Rus-
sia: death of, 15, 19
Dmitriev, Ivan Ivanovitch (1760-
1837), a Russian poet: sketch of, 15,
269
Dmitris, The False, Russian impos-
tors: the first (d. 1606), 15, 19; the
second (d. 1610), 20; the third (d.
1612), 20; Sweden aids Vassili Shui-
ski against, 16, 173
Doblado, General, a Mexican general
(ca. i860): in the Reform War, 22,
383
Dobroe, Russia: battle of (1708), 15,
47
Dobrovsky, Joseph (1753-1829), a
noted Hungarian philologist: aids
Slav philology, 17, 341
Doctrine of Implied Powers: see Im-
plied Powers, Doctrine of
Docwra, Sir Henry, English officer in
Ireland: builds forts in Lough
Foyle, 12, 100
Doddington, Bubb (1691-1762), Eng-
lish politician: intrigues of, II, 489
Dodge, Andres (d. 1844), a Cuban in-
surgent: death of, 22, 452
Dodona, Greece: oracle of, 2, 8, 43
Does, Peter Van der (17th century),
a Dutch admiral: his expedition
against the Spanish, 13, 171
Doffingen, Switzerland: battle of
(1388), 13, 384, 18, 197
Dog, The Butcher's: see Wolsey,
Thomas
Dogali, Africa: Abyssinians attack
Italian garrison at, 19, 207
Dogger Bank, a sand bank in the
North Sea: battle of (1781), 13, 258
Dogger Bank Incident, Russian fire
into English fishing fleet (1904), 7,
313, 15, 363
Dokhtorov, a Russian general, ca.
1812: his campaign against France,
15, 243
Dokyo (ca. 764 A. D.), Japanese
prime minister: influence of, 7, 36
Dolabella, Gnaeus Cornelius (1st cen-
tury B. C), Roman consul: Caesar
prosecutes, 3, 266
Dolabella, Publius Cornelius (ca. 70-
43 B. C), a Roman patrician: de-
feated by Pompeians' fleet, 3, 343;
attempted reforms of, 365
Dolabella Maximus, Publius Cornelius,
Roman consul, 283 B. C. : expels
the Celts from Italy, 3, 75
Dole, Sanford Ballard, an American
living in Hawaii: provisional presi-
dent of Hawaii (1893), 24, 997
Dolgoruki, Prince Basil (ca. 1730), a
Russian statesman: his mission to
Anne, 15, 106
Dolgoruki, Catherine, Russian prin-
cess: sketch of, 99, 15, 103
Dolgoruki, Prince Dmitri (d. ca. 1735),
Russian prince: imprisonment of,
15, no
Dolgoruki, Prince Ivan (d. 1738), Rus-
sian prince: claims throne for Cath-
erine Dolgoruki, 15, 103
Dolgoruki, Michael (d. 1682), Russian
prince: in the outbreak of the stre-
litz, 15, 27
Dolgorukis, noble Russian family:
faction of the, 15, 96, 106; banish-
ment of the, 107; conspire against
Anne, 125
Dolores, South America: battle of
(1879), 21, 235
Domejko (ca. 1863), Polish noble: in
the Polish insurrection, 15, 328
Domesday Book, a book containing
a census taken by order of William
the Conqueror, II, 79
Domina Anglorum: see Matilda, Holy
Roman Empress
212
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Domingue, Michel, a negro general:
elected ruler of Hayti (1874), 32,
5oi
Dominguez, Miguel (early 19th cen-
tury), Mexican revolutionist: mem-
ber of provisional government, 22,
264
Dominic, Saint (1170-1221), Spanish
monk: founds order of Dominicans,
ii, 133
Dominica, an island in the West In-
dies: discovered, 21, 9; ceded to
England, 20, 120; seized by France
(1778), 128
Dominican Republic, West Indies:
history of, 22, 503; proposed annex-
ation of, to the United States, 24,
879
Dominicans, The, religious order:
founded, II, 133; arrive in China, 6,
40, 73
Dominion State, The Old: see Vir-
ginia
Domitian, Titus Flavius, Roman Em-
peror, 81-96 A. D. : accession of, 4,
82; reign of, 83; condition of Spain
under, 8, 26; recalls Agricola from
Britain, II, 11; concludes treaty
with Dacia, 17, 13; death of, 4, 85
Domitius, Roman pretor, 82 B. C. :
defeated by Sertorius, 8, 20
Domitius Ahenobarbus, Lucius (d. 48
B. C), Roman consul, 54 B. C: de-
feated by Pompeius, 3, 228; candi-
date for consul (56 B. C), 315;
elected consul, 318; captured by
Caesar, 337; flees to Macedonia, 343
Domokos, Greece: Greeks defeated at
(1897), 14, 505
Donald VIII (Donald Bane) (d. 1097),
King of Scotland: reign of, 11, 86,
12, 259
Donald, Lord of the Isles (ca. 1400),
Celtic chieftain: at war with Scot-
land, 12, 288
Donald Dhu (ca. 1500), Celtic chief-
tain: leads disaffected chiefs, 12, 299
Donall of Mar (d. 1014), Irish war-
rior: accepts Danish challenge, 12,
43
Donatello (Donato di Niccolo di Betto
Bardi) (1386-1466), Florentine
sculptor: his effect on the Renais-
sance, 4, 284
Donation of Charlemagne, The, a gift
of land made to the Church by Pip-
pin, 18, 80
Donauworth, Germany: seized by
Maximilian of Bavaria, 18, 265;
taken by Gustavus Adolphus, 282;
taken by the imperialists, 288; bat-
tles of (1645), 18, 292; (1703), 9, 221
Donelson, Andrew Jackson (1800-
1871), American politician: nomi-
nated for Vice-President, 24, 652
Dongan, Thomas (1634-1715), colonial
governor of New York: yields lib-
erty to people, 23, 105
Donough, King of Munster, ca. 1000
A. D.: reign of, 12, 46
Dorchester Heights, Massachusetts:
occupied by Washington, 23, 235
Dorcis (ca. 478 B. C), Spartan ad-
miral, 2, 223
Dordrecht, Netherlands: founded, 13,
24
Dorgun, Manchurian regent (ca.
1650): account of, 6, 53
Doria, Andrea (1468-1560), Genoese
admiral and statesman, called the
Father of his Country: enters serv-
ice of the emperor, 9, 141; defeats
Barbarossa, 143; governs Genoa, 4,
305; at battle of Lepanto, 8, 355, 14,
162, 165
Doria, Pietro (ca. 1400), Italian com-
mander: besieges Venice, 4, 239
Doris, central Greece: conquered by
Phocians, 2, 244; inhabitants of, 12;
conquer Peloponnesians, 31, 47; in
age of migrations, 46
Dorislaus, Isaac (1595-1649), a Dutch-
English diplomat: death of, 13, 229
Dorjiev (ca. 1900), Russian diplomat:
agent at Lhasa, 5, 298
Dornbiihl, Switzerland: battle of
(1298), 13, 363
Dorneck (Dornach), Switzerland: bat-
tle of (1499). 13, 419
Dorokhov (ca. 1800), Russian general:
his campaign against France, 15,
244
Doroshenko (ca. 1650), Cossack chief:
sketch of, 15, 25
GENERAL INDEX
213
Dorothea of Brandenburg (ca. 1450),
Queen of Denmark, crowned Queen
of Sweden, 16, 130; marries Chris-
tian, 132
Dorpat, Russia: created a German
bishopric, 15, 10; captured by the
Russians (1558), 17; siege of (1703),
44; name changed to Yuriev, 332
Dorr ego, Manuel (1 787-1 828), an Ar-
gentine statesman: aids the policy
of union in Argentina, 31, 122;
death of, 123
Dorset, Thomas Grey, Marquis of (ca.
1450), English noble: plots against
Gloucester, 11, 220
Dorsey, Stephen W. (ca. 1880), Amer-
ican Congressman: implicated in
" star route " frauds, 24, 936
Dorst, Joseph H. (living), American
officer: in the Spanish- American
War, 22, 459
Dort, Synod of, an assembly of the
Reformed Church of the Nether-
lands, with delegates from England
and other countries, to decide the
Armenian controversy (1618-1619),
13, 199
Dorus, mythical progenitor of the
Dorians, 2, 24
Dost Mohammed (1798-1863), an Af-
ghan chief: sketch of, 5, 216; at war
with Persia, 361, 363; death of, 247
Dosza (ca. 1500), Hungarian peasant:
leads Hungarian peasant revolt, 17,
168
Douai, Merlin of (1754-1838), French
jurist and politician: made member
of the Directory, 9, 305
Doubleday, Abner (1820-1893), Amer-
ican general: at bombardment of
Fort Sumter, 24, 711
Douglas (ca. 1700), Scottish comman-
der: at the battle of the Boyne, 12,
142; at the siege of Athlone, 144
Douglas (ca. 1750), Scottish French
envoy: mission of, 15, 145, 147
Douglas, Sir Archibald (1296-1333),
Scottish chief: his campaign against
the English, 12, 285
Douglas, Archibald, Earl of (d. 1439),
Scottish chief: sketch of, 12, 294
Douglas, Archibald, Earl of Angus:
see Angus, Archibald Douglas, Earl
of
Douglas, Gawin (1474-1522), Scottish
poet: sketch of, 12, 309
Douglas, Sir James of (ca. 1286-1330),
Scottish chief, called Good Lord
James: aids Robert Bruce, 12, 280;
death of, 284
Douglas, James, Earl of (1426-1488),
Scottish chief: rebellion of, 12, 295
Douglas, Stephen Arnold (1813-1861),
an American politician: candidate
for Presidential nomination, 24, 619;
introduces a bill for organizing Ne-
braska, 630; speech in favor of
Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 634; intro-
duces a bill providing for admission
of Kansas, 650; indorses Dred Scott
decision, 660; denounces Lecompton
scheme, 662; sketch of, 664, 668; in
Lincoln-Douglas debates, 667; fa-
vored by North and West for Presi-
dent, 678; nominated (i860), 682;
supports Lincoln in contest with
South, 715; Johnson lays corner
stone of monument to, 846
Douglas, Sir William of (d. 1298),
Scottish chief: joins Wallace's re-
bellion, 12, 275
Douglas, William, Earl of (d. 1440),
Scottish chief: death of, 12, 294
Douglas, William, Earl of (1425?-
1452), Scottish chief: conspires with
Livingstone, 12, 294; death of, 295
Douglass, Frederick (1817-1895),
American orator: leader of the ne-
gro race, 24, 587; aids slaves to es-
cape, 617
Dourado, Argentine Republic: taken
by the Paraguayans (1864), 21, 157
Dousa (John van der Duye) (1545-
1604), Dutch scholar, poet and pa-
triot: at siege of Leyden, 13, 118
Douzy, Prussia: battle of (1870), 9,
464
Dover, England: battles of (1216), 11,
130; (1604), 13, 180; (1652), 229
Dover, New Hampshire: founded, 23,
95; attack on, 158
Dover, Treaty of, a secret treaty con-
cluded between Charles II and
Louis XIV (1670), 11, 394
214
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Dow, Neal (1803-1897), American
Congressman: Prohibition Party-
nominee, 24, 930
Dowager Empress of China: coup d'
etat of (1898), 6, 277; adopts reform
measures, 322
Downpatrick, Ireland: battle of (1260),
13, 58
Downs, The, a portion of the North
Sea east of Kent, England: battles
of (1639), 13, 213; (1666), 11, 387
Doyer (ca. 1795), a Russian philolo-
gist: account of, 15, 195
Draco (7th century B. C), Athenian
legislator: laws of, 2, 100; laws of,
abolished by Solon, 107
Draft Riots, in American history:
riots which arose as the result of
drafting soldiers for the Civil War
(1865), 24, 817
Dragon, Order of the, an order of
light troops intended to fight infi-
dels and heretics: founded, 17, 155
Dragon, The: see Drake, Sir Francis
Dragut (Torghud) (d. 1565), a Turk-
ish corsair: ravages coast of Italy,
9, 147; Turkish admiral, 14, 165; in
expedition against Malta, 171
Drake, Sir Francis, an English
navigator and naval hero, called
the Dragon: born probably at
Tavistock, Devonshire, England,
about 1540; commanded a small
vessel in the fleet of Sir John
Hawkins, 1567-1568; visited the
Spanish main, 1570 and 1571; raided
the Spanish main, 1572; served un-
der the Earl of Essex in Ireland,
1573-1576; set out on a marauding
expedition to the Pacific, December,
I577> plundered the coasts of Chili
and Peru, sailed across the Pacific
and returned to England by way of
Cape of Good Hope, 1580; was
knighted by Queen Elizabeth on
board his own vessel; was a mem-
ber of Parliament, 1584-1585; com-
manded an expedition against the
Spanish main and the West Indies,
1585-1586; destroyed the vessels
which were being built by Spain at
Cadiz to use in the Invincible Ar-
mada, 1587; commanded under Lord
Howard in the fight which de-
stroyed the Armada, 1588; again
elected to Parliament, 1592; com-
manded with Sir John Hawkins an
expedition to the West Indies, 1595;
died near Porto Bello, January 28,
1596
Circumnavigates the globe, 5, 156;
his depredations on Spanish posses-
sions, 8, 363, 31, 30, 22, 449, 24, 52;
sketch of, 11, 289; singes the King
of Spain's beard, 295; his services
against the Armada, 296; his voyage
to the East Indies, 20, 58; captures
St. Augustine, 22, 135; carries colo-
nists from Roanoke Island to Eng-
land, 23, 53; in the war with Spain,
54; death of, 11, 298
Drakul (ca. 1444), Prince of Walla-
chia: joins against the Turks, 14, 65
Drama:
AFRICA: at Alexandria, 1, 296
AUSTRIA: Osterspiel, 17, 97
BOHEMIA: of the Czechs, 17, 116;
national theatre at Prague, 427
CHINA: under Emperor Taok-
wang, 6, 124
ENGLAND: Shakespeare, 11, 302;
of the Restoration, 392; Age of
Queen Anne, 461
GREECE: theatres at Regilla, and
Corinth, 2, 523; greatness of, 524
HUNGARY: theatre at Pesth, 17,
338
INDIA: description of, 5, 54
ITALY: Alfieri, creator of Italian
tragedy, 4, 338; work of Goidoni,
409; work of Manzoni, 410; musical
drama of 17th century, 414; excel-
lence of opera, 415
NETHERLANDS: tragedies of
Vondel, 13, 220
ROME: theatre of Pompey, re-
stored, 4, 56
RUSSIA: theatre opened by Vol-
kov, 15, 149; work of Sumarokov,
192; work of Catharine the Great,
193; comedy of Von Visin, 193
SICILY: work of Dionysius, 2, 411
SOUTH AMERICA: dramatic au-
thors in Lima, 21, 214
GENERAL INDEX
215
Draper, Sir William (1721-1787), Eng-
lish general: captures Manila (1762),
5, 181, 20, 120
Drappes (ca. 51 B. C), a Gallic sol-
dier: at Uxellodunum, 3, 308
Dreadful Woman, The: see Caroline,
wife of George IV of England
Dred Scott Decision, a decision ren-
dered by the U. S. Supreme Court in
1857 defining the status of the slave
in America: denounced by Repub-
licans and Free Soilers, 24, 660; not
to be confused with Chief Justice's
opinion, 661; repudiated in Repub-
lican platform (i860), 681
Drennan, William (ca. 1793), an Irish
writer: his labors in behalf of Cath-
olic emancipation, 12, 201
Drepana, Sicily: battle of, 3, 103
Dresden, capital of Saxony: occupied
by the Prussians (1748), 18, 331;
(1756), 17, 244, 18, 335; by Daun
(1759), 18, 340; battle of (1813), 9,
343, 10, 488, 15, 261, 18, 382; taken
by the Prussians (1866), 18, 410
Dresden, Peace of, a treaty between
Prussia, Austria, and Saxony (1745),
17, 242, 18, 332
Dress:
AMERICA: of the Indians, 23, 11;
in the colonies, 155; of Washington
at inauguration, 341; of Jefferson,
384; American diplomatic costume,
24, 639
ARABIA: distinction between the
Fatimites, the Omayyids, and the
Abbasids, 1, 340
CHINA: changes in, vetoed, 6, 277
EGYPT: of Semnites, 1, 19; in the
Old Empire, 58, 59
ENGLAND: at the court of Eliza-
beth, 11, 298; in 18th century, 533
FRANCE: during Revolution, 10,
121; 298; of the Chouans, 349
GERMANY: among the tribes, 18,
55
GREECE: of Spartans, 2, 66
HUNGARY: national dress of the
noblemen, 17, 16
IRELAND: in ancient times, 12, 13,
14; of the Irish Chiefs, 54; regu-
lated by Statute of Kilkenny, 65;
attempts to change the native dress
for English, 85
ISRAEL: of the prophets, 1, 391
JAPAN: in ancient times, 7, 8; in-
troduction of silk garments, 18
LYDIA: Hittite costume, 1 148
NETHERLANDS: of the Franks
and Saxons, 13, 13; at court of
Philip the Good, 61
PERSIA: among the ancients, 1,
180; assumed by Alexander the
Great, 2, 500; time of Harun al
Raschid, 5, 327
ROME: of ancient times, 3, 14; of
the consul, 32; during Revolutionary
period, 248
RUSSIA: reforms of Peter the
Great, 15, 70, 71; of Catherine I,
94
SOUTH AMERICA: in Ecuador,
21, 106; of the natives, 311
SPAIN: in early times, 8, 5; of the
. Celts, 8
SWITZERLAND: after Reforma-
tion, 13, 450; restrictions on, 484
TURKEY: of Sultan Ibraham, 14,
227; of Europe introduced, 440
Dreux, France: battles of (1562), 9,
154, 13, 460; (1590), 9, 167
Drogheda, Ireland: captured by Par-
liamentary forces (1649), 11, 363
Drogheda, Marquis of, a British sol-
dier in Ireland: his campaign
against the Whiteboys, 12, 175
Druids, the priesthood of Ancient Gaul
and Britain: influence of, in Gaul,
3, 297; teachings of, 11, 6
Drum, Simon H., an American officer:
at the siege of Mexico (1847), 22,
363
Drum-Kelta, Ireland: meeting of (574
A. D.), 12, 38
Drummond, Thomas (ca. 1841), Un-
der-Secretary in the Melbourne
Cabinet: his Irish policy, 11, 596
Drummond, William (ca. 1667), Scotch
clergyman: first governor of Albe-
marle, 23, 74
Drusilla (d. 37 A. D.), sister of the
Emperor Caligula: death of, 4, 56
Drusus, Marcus Livius (d. 109 B. C),
a Roman politician: outbids Gaius
216
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Gracchus for popular favor, 3, 183;
reaches the Danube, 192
Drusus, Marcus Livius (ca. 120-91 B.
C.), a Roman politician: reforms of,
3, 203; death, 204
Drusus Caesar (10 B. C.-23 A. D.), son
of the Emperor Tiberius: sent to
quiet the soldiers in Pannonia, 4,
47; death, 50
Drusus Claudius Nero (38-9 B. C),
Roman soldier: campaigns of, in
Germany, 4, 40, 18, 14; sketch of, 4,
41; begins the construction of dikes
and canals above the Rhine, 13, 8;
death of, 4, 42, 18, 15
Drzislav, Duke of Dalmatia, ca. 1000
A. D.: renounces the overlordship
of Byzantium, 17, 38
Dschengis Khan: see Genghis Khan
Dualism, Establishment of, in Austria-
Hungary, 17, 397
Duane, William John (1780-1865),
American lawyer and statesman: re-
sists Jackson, 23, 503
Duarte (Edward), King of Portugal,
1433-1438: reign of, 8, 304
Dubienka, Poland: battle of (1792),
x8, 358
Dublin, Ireland: battle of (1649), 12,
123
Dubois, Guillaume (1656-1725), French
cardinal and minister of state: ne-
gotiates alliance with England, 9,
228; made prime minister, 233
Dubouchage (ca. 1800), French states-
man: made minister of marine af-
fairs, 9, 367
Dubravka of Bohemia (950 A. D.),
Slavic princess: marries Mieczyslaw
of Poland, 17, 63
Dubthach (Duffa) (ca. 400 A. D.),
Irish poet: conversion of, 12, 29
Duchatel, Charles Marie (1803-1867),
French minister of state: becomes
minister of trade, 9, 405; made min-
ister of finance in Mole's cabinet,
410
Duchatel, Gaspard (1766-1793), French
Girondist: death of, 10, 279
Duckworth, Sir John Thomas (1748-
1817), English admiral: destroys
Turkish fleet, 14, 397
Duclerc (d. 1710), French naval com-
mander: his expedition against Bra-
zil, 31, 34
Ducos, Jean Frangois (1765-1793),
French Republican: death of, 10,
279
Ducos, Roger (1750-1816), French
lawyer and politician: made member
of the Directory, 9, 309, 10, 405;
appointed consul, 9, 315, 10, 432
Ducrot, Auguste Alexandre (1817-
1882), French general: in the
Franco-Prussian War, 18, 423
Dudley, Edmund (1462-15 10), English
lawyer: instrument of Henry VII,
11, 230; death of, 235
Dudley, Guilford (d. 1554), English
noble: executed, 11, 270
Dudley, Lord Robert (1532-1588),
English noble: his relations with
Elizabeth, 11, 280
Dudley, Thomas (1 576-1 652), Amer-
ican colonist: deputy governor un-
der Winthrop, 23, 88
Duelling: practised in the South, 24,
590
Duff, Sir Mountstuart Elphinstone
Grant (1829-1906), British politician:
5, 263
Dufferin, Lady (d. 1867), British au-
thor: her efforts in behalf of Indian
women, 5, 268
Dufferin, Frederick Temple Black-
wood, Lord (1826-1902), British au-
thor and scholar: his governor-gen-
eralship of India, 5, 264
Duffle Conference, The, between the
Prince of Orange and the Dutch
States-General (1566), 13, 93
Duffy, Charles Gavan (1816-1903),
Irish journalist: founds "The Na-
tion," 12, 226, 228
Dufour, Guillaume Henri (1787-1875),
Swiss general: at head of Liberal
forces, 13, 551
Dufour, Peter (d. 1594), Dutch con-
spirator: attempts to assassinate
Maurice of Orange, 13, 161 .
Dugdale (ca. 1770), English naval
commander: at the battle of
Tchesme, 15, 179
Duguay, Trouin Rene (1673-1736),
French admiral: destroys English
commerce, 9, 219
GENERAL INDEX
217
Duiluis, Gaius, a Roman general:
elected consul 261 B. C; built ships
in the first Punic war in imitation of
one captured from the enemy, and
this fleet of his conquered that of
Carthage near the Lipari Islands
260 B. C; afterwards commanded
the army on land and vanquished
the Carthaginians in Sicily
At battle of Mylae, 3, 101
Duke, The Great: see Wellington, Ar-
thur Wellesley, Duke of
Duke, The Iron: see Wellington, Ar-
thur Wellesley, Duke of
Duke of Thunder, The: see Nelson,
Horatio
Duke's Laws, The, providing system
of town government for New York
(1683): provisions of, 23, 104
Dulce y Garay, Domingo (1808-1869),
Spanish general and administrator:
rebels against Isabella II, 8, 504
Duma, elective Russian assembly: the
tsar calls, 15, 365; elected, 366; dis-
solved, 366
Dumergues (ca. 1800), French com-
mander: at the Beresina, 15, 253
Dumnorix (d. 59 B. C), Gallic chief:
effect of his death on Gaul, 3, 305
Dumouriez, Charles Frangois (1739-
1823), French general and states-
man: member of ministry, 9, 273; in
Franco-Austrian War, 9, 276, 13,
263; joins Austrians, 13, 283; char-
acter and ministry of, 10, 169; his
report as to the political situation of
France, 171; campaign of, 209; ex-
pedition into Holland, 241; hostili-
ties between him and the Jacobins,
242; his design of reestablishing con-
stitutional monarchy, 245; defection
of, 249; his interview with a deputa-
tion from the Jacobins, 249; declared
a traitor by the convention, 252; ar-
rests the commissioners of the con-
vention, 252; at the Russian court,
15, 207; his campaigns against the
allied powers, 18, 356
Dunbar, Scotland: battles of (1296),
11, 148; (1650), 11, 364, 12, 343
Dunbar, Thomas (d. 1767), British
soldier: in Braddock's expedition,
23, 177
Dunbar, William (1465-1530), Scottish
poet: sketch of, 12, 309
Dunboy, Ireland: siege of (1602), 12,
102
Duncan I, King of Scotland, 1034-
1040: reign of, 12, 256
Duncan II, King of Scotland, 1093-
1094: reign of, 11, 86, 12, 259
Duncan, Adam, Viscount of Camper-
down (1731-1804), British admiral: at
battle of Camperdown (1797), 11,
547, 12, 208, 13, 266
Duncan, James (ca. 1850), American
officer: in the Mexican War, 22,
348
Dundas, Henry, Viscount Melville: see
Melville, Henry Dundas, Viscount
Dundas, Sir James Whitley Deans
(1785-1862), British admiral: in Cri-
mean War, 15, 311
Dundee, John Grahame of Claver-
house, Viscount (1 643-1689), Scot-
tish officer: commands Jacobite
forces in Scotland, 12, 352
Dunes, Battle of the (1658), 9, 206,
", 372
Dungannon Resolutions: adopted by
the Irish popular party (1782), 12,
187
Dungi I, King of Sumer and Accad
(ca. 2600 B. C.) : reign of, 1, 76
Dungi II, King of Sumer and Accad
(ca. 2400 B. C): reign of, 1, 76
Dunkeld, Scotland: battle of (1689),
12, 353
Dunkirk, France: siege of (1793), 9,
286
Dunmore, John Murray, Earl (1732-
1809), colonial governor of Vir-
ginia: burns Norfolk, 23, 236
Dunois, Francois, Count of, son of
John of Orleans: rebels against
Anne of Beaujeu (ca. 1480), 9, 127
Dunstan, Saint (925-988 A. D.), Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, 959-978: his
early career, 11, 47; becomes Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, 50; takes the
part of Edward the Martyr, 56;
death of, 56
Duperre, Victor Guy (1775-1846), a
French admiral: his expedition
against Algiers, 9, 389
Dupetit-Thouars, Abel Aubert (1793-
218
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
1864), French admiral: takes posses-
sion of the Society Islands for
France, 9, 422
Duphot, Leonard (1 770-1 797), a
French general: death of, 9, 306,
10, 399
Dupin, Charles (1 784-1873), a French
deputy and political economist: his
relations to the revolution of 1830,
9, 391
Dupin, Jean Henri (1783-1865), a
French politician: his relations to
the revolution of 1830, 9, 391
Duplain (ca. 1792), a French politi-
cian: leader of the commune, 10,
203
Dupleix, Joseph Francois (1 697-1764),
a French general: sketch of, 5,
178; his career in India, 9, 240,
242, 11, 502, 20, 115; recalled from
India, 20, 119
Duplessis-Praslin (ca. 1650), French
general: defeats Turenne at Rethel,
9, 203
Dupont de l'Etang, Count Pierre
(1765-1840), a French general: min-
ister of war, 9, 356
Dupont de l'Eure, Charles Jacques
(1767-1855), a French politician:
keeper of the seals, 9, 396; member
of the provisional government, 435
Duport, Adrien (1759-1798), a leader
in French National Assembly: an-
nounces the capture of the Bastile
to the assembly, 10, (9; leader of
the national party, 81 ; executes the
confederation of the clubs, 82
Duport-Dutertre (d. 1793), a French
revolutionist: death of, 9, 287
Du Portail (ca. 1790), French min-
ister of war: replaced by Narbonne,
10, 164
Diippel, Germany: battle of (1864), 18,
408
Duprat (d. 1793), a French revolution-
ist: death of, 10, 279
Duprat, Antoine (1463-1535), French
cardinal and minister of France:
advises sale of offices of the magis-
tracy, 9, 138; plans union of Brit-
tany with France, 141
Duquesne, Fort, a fort formerly on
the site of Pittsburg: Braddock's
expedition against, 20, 117, 23, 177
Duquesne, General (ca. 1700), a
French soldier: besieges Genoa, 4,
325
Durand, Algernon George Arnold
(1854 ), British official in India:
establishes British influence north
of Kashmir, 5, 278
Durand, Henry Marion (ca. 1869),
British official in India: military
member of the governor-general's
council, 5, 248
Durand, Sir Henry Mortimer
(1850 ), British ambassador to
United States, 1903-1907: negotiates
treaty with the Amir of Afghanis-
tan, 5, 277
Durango, Mexico: founded, 22, 118
Duranthon (ca. 1792), a French poli-
tician: made provisional minister of
the marine, 10, 176
Duras, Jacques Henri de Durfort
(1626-1704), a French general: his
campaign in Germany, 9, 217
Durfort, Count Alphonse de (ca. 1790),
French diplomat: at the Mantua Con-
ference, 10, 136
Durfort, Henry of (ca. 1690), French
general: his campaign in Germany,
9, 217
Durham, John George Lambton, Earl
of (1792-1840), English Whig poli-
tician: made governor-general of
Canada, 11, 596, 20, 156
Durilu, Babylonia: battle of (729 B.
C), 1, 84
Durocq, Grand Christoph Michel, Due
de Frioul (1772-1813), French gen-
eral: mission of, 15, 208
Dur-Papsukul, Babylonia: battle of
(ca. 800 B. C), 1, 81
Dushratta, King of Mitanni, ca. 1400
B. C: reign of, 1, 141
Dusseldorf, Prussia: siege of (1795).
18, 359
Dustin, Hannah (ca. 1697), a colonial
heroine: story of, 23, 159
Dutch, the people of the Netherlands:
begin trade with Japan, 7, 134; in
India, 5, 154; in Brazil, 21, 33; seek
religious freedom in Maryland, 23,
GENERAL INDEX
219
j2; emigrations of, from New York
to South Carolina, 75; conflict with
Connecticut settlers, 91; as navi-
gators, 101; settlements of, in Amer-
ica, 102; allied with England against
Spain, 102; maritime supremacy of,
104; claims in Delaware, 107; in-
cluded in Penn's colony, 113; large
element in New York (1775), 126
Dutch East India Company: see East
India Company, Dutch
Dutch Reformed Church: enforced by
Stuyvesant, 23, 103; established in
New York, 148; disestablished, 148
Dutch Trading Company, a company
chartered in 1824 for trade with the
Indies: chartered, 20, 291
Duvergier de Hauranne, Prosper
(1798-1881), a French royalist poli-
tician: opposes Mole's ministry, 9,
415; opposes Guizot's ministry, 431
Duye, John van der: see Dousa
Dwight, Theodore (early 18th cen-
tury), American politician: Secre-
tary of Hartford Convention (1814),
23, 431
Dybbel, Sleswig-Holstein: battles of
(1849), 16, 271; (1864), 274
Dyveke (ca. 1523), mistress of Chris-
tian II of Denmark, 16, 191
E
Eadgar, King of England, 959-975 A
D. : accession of, 11, 49; reign of,
50; death of, 56
Eadgar the Aetheling, King of Eng
land, 1066-1120: chosen king, 1 1,
67; as a refugee at the Scottish
court, 12, 257; places Eadgar on
Scottish throne, 259
Eadgar, King of Scotland, 1097-1107
accession of, II, 87, 12, 259
Eadmer (d. 1124), Archbishop of St
Andrews: quarrels with Alexander I
of Scotland, 12, 262
Eadmund I, King of the West Sax-t
ons, 941-946 A. D.: reign of, II,
46
Eadmund (II) Ironside" (989-1016),
King of the West Saxons, 1016:
reign of, II, 59
Eadred, King of the West Saxons,
946-955 A. D.: reign of, 11, 47
Eadward (d. 925), King of the West
Saxons, 901-925: reign of, 11, 45
Edward the Martyr (ca. 963-979),
King of the West Saxons, 975-979:
reign of, II, 56
Eadward or Eadwerd: see Edward
Eadwig, King of England, 955-958 A.
D.: reign of, 11, 48
Eadwine, King of Northumbria, 617-
633 A. D.: reign of, 11, 32, 34
Eaglets, Peter of Russia's assistants:
account of, 15, 88
Ealdhelm (650 A. D.), Abbot of
Malmesbury: teaches in school at
Canterbury, 11, 38
Eamuses: see Yamassus
Eannatum (ca. 4200 B. C), King of
Lagash: conquers Kish, I, 75
Eannes, Gil (ca. 1400), Portuguese ex-
plorer: explorations of, 19, 17
Earls, Rising of the, an English re-
bellion (1075), 11, 78
Early, Jubal Anderson (181 6-1 894),
American Confederate general: de-
feated at Opiquan Creek, 24, 792;
sent against Washington, 792; his
generalship, 793
East, The Napoleon of the: see Me-
hemet Ali, Pasha of Egypt
East Africa Plantation Company, a
German company to explore Africa:
formed, 19, 139
East Florida: see Florida
East India College, for Indian Civil
Services: established at Haileyburg,
5, 202
East India Company, the name of
various mercantile associations
formed in different countries in the
17th and 18th centuries for the pur-
pose of conducting under the aus-
spices of the government a monop-
oly of the trade of their respective
countries with the East Indies
BRITISH: organized, 5, 158, 11,
501, 20, 59; growth of, 20, 62; suc-
cess of, 20, 102, 23, 56; allowed a
drawback on tea shipped to the
colonies, 23, 219; charter renewed
(1813), 5, 206; (1833), 214; (1853),
225; sketch of, 239; fall of, 11, 618
DANISH: founded, 5, 171, 20, 101
DUTCH: organized, 5, 154, 13, 166,
167, 20, 56; growth of, 13, 221;
sends out Henry Hudson, 16, 303,
23, 101; decline of, 20, 102; im-
portance of, 121; dissolved, 141; ca-
reer of, 286
FRENCH: organized, 5, 169, 9, 214,
20, 78, 114
OSTEND: founded, 17, 192; sketch
of, 5, 171, 13, 253
SWEDISH: organized, 5, 175, 20,
101
Eastern Archipelago, The Queen of
the: see Java
Eastern Question, The, the collective
name for the several problems in
the international politics of Europe
220
GENERAL INDEX
221
growing out of the presence of the
Turkish power in the southeast: ex-
planation of, 9, 445, 14, 3; effect on
Greece, 2, 547; relations of Austria to,
*7, 3 2 3> submitted to arbitration
(1840), 15, 292, 17, 348; the Crimean
War (1853-1856), 15, 305, 17, 383;
effect of the Treaty of Berlin on,
17, 422; the Macedonian question,
14, 506
Eastern Trading Company, Vienna,
to develop commerce: founded 1719,
17, 192
Eaton, John H. (ca. 1800), American
legislator: in Jackson's Cabinet, 23,
48S
Eaton, Theophilus (d. 1658), American
colonist: founds New Haven, 23,
92
Eba, King of the Goths, ca. 700 A. D.:
restored to his throne, I, 319
Ebbeson, Niels (d. 1340), Danish pa-
triot: frees Denmark, 16, 113
Ebbo (d. 851 A. D.), Archbishop of
Rheims: mission of, 16, 25
Ebel, Johann Gottfried (1764-1830),
German geologist: sketch of, 13,
494; pleads for unity in Switzerland,
508
Eberhard (d. 939 A. D.), Duke of the
Franks: his mission to Henry of
' Saxony, 18, 105; conspiracy of, 109;
death of, no
Eberhard I (ca. 1300), Count of Wur-
temberg: revolt of, 18, 180; out-
lawed, 186
Eberhard (II) the Whiner (1344-
I 39 2 )> Count of Wurtemberg: wars
of, 18, 195, 197
Eberhard of the Beard (ca. 1500),
Duke of Wurtemberg: at the Diet
of Worms, 18, 226
Eberhard Ludwig (ca. 1700), Duke of
Wurtemberg: oppressions of, 18,
323
Eberhardt (ca. 1280), Bishop of Bran-
denburg: regent of Bohemia, 17,
78
Eble, Jean Baptiste (1758-1812), a
French general: at the Beresina, 15,
252
Eboric, King of the Suevi, ca. 580 A.
D.: consigned to a monastery, 8,
42 _
Ebroin (ca. 670 A. D.), major-domo of
Clotaire III: mayor of the palace,
9, 34; death of, 35
Ebu Bekir (ca. 1800), governor of
Servia: sent to control Janissaries,
14, 387
Ecclesia, The, the public assembly of
Athens: made powerful by Solon,
2, 107; altered by Cleisthenes, 147
Ecclesiastical Titles Bill, a bill intro-
duced by Lord Russel declaring all
acts done by Catholic Bishops and
all deeds bestowing property on
them null and void (1851), 11, 609
Ecgberht, King of Niercia, 794 A. D.:
becomes over-lord of England, 11,
40; his struggles with the North-
men, 42
Echavari (ca. 1825), Mexican general:
revolt of, 22, 264
Echavarria, Francisco, a Cuban states-
man: chosen governor of Santiago
de Cuba (1902), 22, 468
Echaverri, Francisco (ca. 1760), a
Mexican statesman: acting viceroy
of New Spain, 22, 200
Echenique, Jose Rufino (1808-1879),
Peruvian soldier and statesman: at
the battle of Jauja, 21, 195; made
president of Peru, 199; candidate
for the presidency (1872), 210
Echevarria (Echeverria), Esteban
(1809-1851), an Argentine poet:
sketch of, 21, 118
Echezuria, Colonel (ca. i860), a Ven-
ezuelan soldier: leads insurrection
in Venezuela, 21, 97; imprisoned,
98
Eck, Johann von (1486-1543), a Ger-
man theologian: his discussions with
Carlstadt and Luther, 18, 237
Eckernforde, Sleswig-Holstein: battle
of (1848), 18, 400
Eckmuhl, Germany: battle of (1809),
9, 335, 10, 479, 18, 376
Ecluse, France: battle of (1340), 9,
93
Ecnomus, Sicily: battle of, 3, 101
Economic Conditions:
AFRICA: after Arabian conquest,
222
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
i, 308; Central Africa 19, 125; in
general, 19, 286
ARABIA: before the coming of
Mohammed, I, 189
AUSTRALIA: among the settlers,
20, 182; policy of Wakefield, 191,
192
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: under Ma-
ria Theresa, 17, 258; under Joseph
II, 269; under Francis II, 303; in
1848, 375; 1878-1894, 430; progress
in recent times, 432; progress in
Hungary, 452
CHINA: early 18th century, 6, 108;
famine of 1850, 156; famines 1874-
1875, 242; after war with Japan,
273, 274; at present time, 318
DENMARK: under Christian V, 16,
234
EGYPT: under the Arabs, 1, 299,
300
ENGLAND: before Roman inva-
sion, 11, 6; among the Angles, 19;
effects of Black Death (1348), 163;
under Richard II, 174, 177; agricul-
ture abandoned for sheep-raising
208; under Elizabeth, 298; plague of
1665, 387; under Charles II, 417;
after the battle of Waterloo, 569,
575; 19th century, 592, 600, 601, 603
FRANCE: views of the physiocrats,
9, 14; in feudal times, 67; 1359, 11,
165; under Charles VII, 9, 117; re-
forms of Sully, 173; under Colbert,
208, 209; before the Revolution, 10,
9; reforms of Turgot, 27; reforms
of Clugny, 28; reforms of Necker,
29; under Calonne Ministry, 31; dur-
ing the Revolution, 332; after the
Reign of Terror, 9, 292; at estab-
lishment of Directory, 10, 369; re-
sults of the Revolution, 424; under
Louis XVIII, 9, 369; under Mole
ministry, 413; (1848), 426; (1856),
449; at present time, 489, 490
GAUL: at time of Caesar, 3, 294
GERMANY: among the ancient
tribes, 18, 7; of the Franks, 65;
under Frederick II, 174; after Thirty
Years' War, 295; Prussia, under
Frederick the Great, 332; after Con-
gress of Vienna, 395; under Bis-
marck, 446
GREECE: of Aegean peoples, 2,
27; of Attica, 99, 103; of Athens,
under Solon, 104; of Athens in Age
of Pericles, 276; at Athens during
Peloponnesian War, 282, 283; during
decline of Athens, 361; at present
time, 547, 55 1
INDIA: main treatment, 5, 20;
famine of 1770, 189; under Lord
Mayo, 248; famine of 1877, 255; un-
der Lord Elgin, 274; effects of Bu-
bonic plague (1896), 282; famine of
1900, 285; reforms of Lord Curzon,
290
IRELAND: famine of 1602, 12,
106; in 1 64 1, 114; famine and pesti-
lence (1652), 126; under penal laws,
165; need of reform, 193, 195; fam-
ines of 1846-1847, 226, 230
ISRAEL: influence of Canaanite
culture, 1, 379, 390, 391
ITALY: of Greek cities, 3, 27;
among the Celts, 58; under Theod-
oric, 4, 157; effect of plague and
pestilence (1855), 369; last part of
19th century, 397
JAPAN: the Taikwa Reforms, 7,
22, 23; in *. ra epoch, 33; under
Kamakura government, 82; Muro-
machi period, 97; under Edo govern-
ment, 129, 153; abolition of the
" han," 174; since 1893, 199, 242
MEXICO: famine of 1691, 22, 181;
development of resources, 194, 413;
famine of 1750, 198
NETHERLANDS: in 1555, 13, 74;
effects of the Continental System,
268; after French Revolution, 283;
in Belgium since 1870, 309, 311
NORWAY: after 1838, 16, 262, 263
PERSIA: at present time, 5, 369
ROME: reforms of Licinius and
Sextius, 3, 49; under tribunate of
the Plebs, 38; system of farming,
159, 160; reforms of the Gracchi,
171; after the fall of Gracchi, 183;
reforms of Drusus, 203; reforms of
Sulpicius, 209; during Revolutionary
period, 242; farming system revived
by Pompey, 267; under Caesar, 376,
382; under Augustus, 4, 37
RUSSIA: under Catharine the
Great, 15, 182; under Alexander II,
GENERAL INDEX
223
325; under Nicholas II, 352, 353,
356
SCOTLAND: reforms in, 12, 374
SICILY: among the Greek colo-
nists, 2, 85
SOUTH AMERICA: in Spanish
colonies, 20, 93; in Colombia, 31,
91; in Uruguay, after 1850, 140; sys-
tem of Francia in Paraguay, 151;
in Chili, 233; in Peru, 234; effects
of war on, 241; of Peru since de-
feat by Chili, 242; wealth of the
continent, 269
SPAIN: effect of Arabian conquest,
I, 320; under Roman rule, 8, 30;
reforms of Olivares, 376, 427; re-
forms under Carlos III, 418, 429;
under Philip II, 425; under Philip V,
428; general resources, 430; present
resources, 480
SWEDEN: famines (1446), 16, 130;
improvement in, 226; under Karl
Johan, 260
SWITZERLAND: during Roman
occupation, 13, 322; in prehistoric
times, 328; 1860-1880, 564; since
1874, 580, 581, 588
TURKEY: under Suleiman the
Great, 14, 184; famine of 1575, 201;
under Mahmud II, 435; at present
time, 491
UNITED STATES: among Dutch
colonists, 20, 65; in Virginia colony,
23, 60; in the colonies, 125, 133;
famine of 1714 in Spanish colony of
Texas, 22, 187; after American Rev-
olution, 23, 312; during " Era of
Good Feeling," 436, 441; economic
aspect of slavery, 24, 580; in 1873,
896; under the Hayes administra-
tion, 917; during yellow fever epi-
demic of 1878, 923; during Cleve-
land's second administration, 1002;
during last century, 1086
WEST INDIES: in English colo-
nies, 20, no, in; at Santo Domingo,
I 37l of Jamaica, 241; abnormal con-
ditions, 242
Economical Reform Bill, a bill pro-
posed by Edmund Burke (1782), 11,
522
Ecuador, a political division of South
America: separates from Colombia,
21, 84; formation of, 84; from 183 1
to 1876, 105; from 1876 to 1906,
244
Ecumenical Council, a Church Coun-
cil held at Rome (1869-1870), 4,
393
Eddas, The, collections containing the
old mythology of Scandinavia: main
treatment, 16, 7
Edeco (ca. 710 A. D.), a Spanish sol-
dier: defeated by Arabs, I, 312
Eden, Sir Ashley (1831-1887), a Brit-
ish official in India: sketch of, 5,
263
Eden, Charles (d. 1729), American co-
lonial statesman: governor of North
Carolina (1714-1722), 23, 75
Eden, Emily (1797-1869), English nov-
elist: sketch of, 5, 215
Eden, George, Baron Auckland: see
Auckland, George Eden, Earl of
Edgar: see Eadgar
Edge (17th century), an Arctic ex-
plorer: exploration of, 16, 304
Edgecomb, Sir Richard (ca. 1487),
English official in Ireland: his mis-
sion to Ireland, 12, 72
Edgehill, England: battle of (1642),
xi, 344
Edgeworth of Firmont, Henry Essex
(1745-1807), a French priest: at-
tends Louis XVI, 9, 281
Edict, The Perpetual, a treaty signed
by states of the Netherlands at
March-en-Famenne (1577), 13, 126
Edict of Nantes: see Nantes, Edict
of
Edinburgh, Scotland, called the Queen
of the North and the Maiden Castle:
siege of (1572), 12, 322
Edinburgh, Alfred Ernest Albert,
Duke of (1844 ), second son of
Queen Victoria: visits India, 5, 249
Edinburgh, Treaty of, a treaty be-
tween France and England (1560),
12, 313
Edith (ca. 935), daughter of Athel-
stan, wife of Otto I, 18, 108
Edlibach, Gerold (15th century), a
Swiss writer: sketch of, 13, 428
Edmer: see Eadmer
224.
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Edmonstone, Neil Benjamin (1754-
1812), foreign secretary for Welles-
ley, 5, 202
Edmund: see Eadmund
Edmund, Saint: see Rich, Edmund
Edmund Crouchback (ca. 1250), son
of Henry III: offered crown of Si-
cily and Naples, II, 136
Edmund Gamle, King of Sweden,
1050-1060: reign of, 16, 60; death of,
100
Edmunds, George Franklin (1828
), an American statesman: in
Congress organized 1869, 24, 862;
member of the Electoral Commis-
sion, 913 note; as Presidential nom-
inee (1880), 926; support transferred
to Garfield, 929; candidate for Pres-
idential nomination (1884), 943
Edmunds Act, an act passed by Con-
gress to suppress Mormonism
(1882): passed, 24, 983
Edmunds-Tucker Act, an act passed
by Congress (1887) providing for
the dissolution of the Mormon
church and the confiscation of its
property: passed, 24, 983
Edo, Japan: rise of, 7, 123; taken by
imperial forces, 169; made capital,
174
Edonian Thracians: see Thracians,
Edonian
Edred: see Eadred
Education:
AFRICA: in government schools,
19, 268
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: under King
Stephen of Hungary, 7, 48; restric-
tions on, in Hungary, 61; Univer-
sity of Prague, 17, 104, 18, 192;
University of Vienna, 17, 104;
Prague as a center, 116; University
of Funfkirchen, 154; under Ferdi-
nand II, 182; under Maximilian,
175; in Jesuit schools, 189; under
Maria Theresa, 257, 260, 261; under
Joseph II, 267, 268; under Francis
II, 289; the Hungarian Academy,
338; under the Ausgleich, 400; since
1867, 417; improvements in Hun-
gary, 452
CHINA: under the Ming rulers, 6,
39; proposed reforms of Prince
Kung, 260; Imperial University re-
organized, 291; reforms of K'ang
Yuwei, 276; interest in western edu-
cation, 289; reforms, 290; at present
time, 320
DENMARK: under Christian, 16,
200
ENGLAND: under Alfred the
Great, 11, 44; in the monasteries,
76, 92; University of Oxford, 116;
Merton College at Oxford, 142; first
great public school founded at Win-
chester, 170; during Renaissance,
238, 239; under Wolsey, 244; in
19th century, 570; Forster's system,
626
FRANCE: under Charles the Great,
9, 45; University of Paris, 9, 79, 11,
116; school established at St. Cyr
by Madame de Maintenon, 11, 226;
Douai College, 11, 291, 13, 169; un-
der the National Convention, io,
362, 363; reforms of Napoleon, 448;
under Charles X, 9, 387; reforms of
1833 and 1834, 403; under Louis
Philippe, 421; under Third Republic,
482; present time, 487, 490
GERMANY: at present time, 18,
436
GREECE: of Spartans, 2, 67; Ath-
ens the center of, for Romans, 521;
at present time, 550
HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE: under
Charles the Great, 18, 87; under
Ludwig, son of Charles the Great,
89
INDIA: among the Aryans, 5, 48;
status of women instructors, 86; un-
der Wellesley, 202; 19th century,
232; under Lord Mayo, 250; en-
couraged by Lord Curzon, 291
IRELAND: College of Maynooth,
11, 604, 12, 204; Bardic school, 12,
15; progress, 33; religion con-
nected with, 34; revival of learning,
46; under Brian Boru, 47; college
founded at Youghal (1463), 70; un-
der penal laws, 161; of Catholics,
200; national system established,
224; the Nation newspaper founded
(1842), 228; Queen's colleges and
Queen's University founded (1847),
234
GENERAL INDEX
225
ITALY: revival of learning, 4, 279;
at Universities of Bologna, Padua,
and Salerno, II, 116, 18, 176
JAPAN: progress during Nara
epoch, 7, 34, 35; Hei-An epoch, 42;
decline, 78; under Edo government,
129; among the masses, 142
MEXICO: among the Aztecs, 23,
7
NETHERLANDS: in Belgium, 13,
310; new system in Holland (i860),
315
PERSIA: neglect, 1, 180; university
founded at Susa, 5, 320; revival un-
der Harun Al Raschid, 326
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: in gov-
ernment schools, 20, 320; efficiency,
364, 366
POLAND: suppression of, 15, 296;
University of Cracow, 375
PORTUGAL: establishment of Uni-
versity of Lisbon, 8, 284; Univer-
sity of Evora, 449; reforms of Joam
V, 471; reforms of Jose, 473
ROME: under Vespasian, 4, 82; see
also Italy
RUSSIA: at Kiev, 15, 72; Academy
of Science, 113, 114; reforms under
Anne, 114; University of Moscow,
149; under Catharine the Great, 195;
during reactionary period, 265; un-
der Nicholas II, 350
SCOTLAND: University of St. An-
drews, 12, 290; introduction of
printing, 301; University of Aber-
deen, 301; compulsory school law
applying to sons of barons and free-
holders (1496), 309; national system
recast under William, 356
SERVIA: establishment of schools,
M, 423
SOUTH AMERICA: Jesuit College
in Brazil, 20, 92; Jesuit schools,
93; in republic of Colombia, 91; in
Quito, 106; in Ecuador, 108; in
Argentine Republic under Mitre,
133; in Paraguay, 155, 260; in Lima,
214; condition of, in Chili, 228, 241;
defects of system in Peru, 242; of
Uruguay, 259
SPAIN: among the Saracens, 1,
347; at Osca during Roman occupa-
tion, 3, 256; Academies founded by
Philip I, 8, 412; at University of
Cordova, 18, 176; improved under
Carlos III, 8, 419; at present time,
517
SWEDEN: under Gustaf Vasa, 16,
159; under Gustavus Adolphus, 178,
179
SWITZERLAND: under Charles
the Great, 13, 341; at the monaster-
ies, 343, 346; at St. Gall's, 343; Uni-
versity of Basle, 428; during the
Renaissance, 428; University of Lau-
sanne, 448; after Reformation, 452;
study of the classics, 453; progress,
482, 483; reforms of Pestalozzi, 496,
522, 523; reforms of Stapfer, 514;
after the French Revolution, 521,
522; reforms in Glarus, 542; under
Jesuits, 549; establishment of Fed-
eral University, 557; since 1874,
583
TURKEY: under Mohammed
(Mahmud) II, 14, 98, 435; encour-
agement of, under Selim III, 377,
278
UNITED STATES: in Spanish and
Indian colonies, 23, 44; in Virginia
colony, 67; Harvard College founded
(1636), 91, 140; Yale College
founded, 140; University of Penn-
sylvania, 141; University of Virginia,
383; among the Southern upper class,
24, 589; of negroes in South, 874
Education Act, an act regulating edu-
cation in England (1870): passed,
11, 626
Edward the Confessor (ca. 1004-1066),
King of England, 1041-1066: acces-
sion of, 11, 61, 16, 33; reign of,
16, 61
Edward (I) Longshanks, King of
England (1272-1307), called the Eng-
lish Justinian, the Hammer of Scot-
land and the Scourge of Scotland:
born at Westminster, June 17, 1239,
eldest son of Henry III and Eleanor
of Provence; married Eleanor of
Castile, 1254; took part in the civil
war between Henry and the barons
under the Earl of Leicester and was
captured by the latter, 1264, but es-
caped and defeated the baron at
Evesham, 1265; was with the Cru-
226
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
saders, 1270-1272; succeeded to the
throne, 1272, and was crowned, 1274;
engaged in the conquest of Wales,
1276-1284; expelled the Jews from
England, 1290; appointed arbitrator
to decide between the claimants of
the Scottish throne, Bruce and Ba-
liol, 1290; defeated the Scots at Dun-
bar, 1296, carried the Scotch coro-
nation stone to London, and placed
Scotland under an English regent;
the latter was defeated by Sir Wil-
liam Wallace, 1297, and he in turn
was defeated by Edward at the
battle of Falkirk, 1298; Edward
again invaded Scotland, 1303, re-
ceived the submission of Bruce and
ordered the execution of Wallace,
1305; married Margaret of France,
1299; concluded the Peace of
Amiens, with Philip IV of France,
1303; died at Burgh-on-the-Sands,
near Carlyle, England, while on his
way to Scotland to suppress a re-
volt, July 7, 1307
Marries Eleanor of Castile, 8, 152;
appeal of the Knights Bachelors to,
11, 139; surrenders to baronial
forces, 140; carries out reforms of
Simon de Montfort, 141; reign of,
143; forms alliance with Alfonso III
of Aragon, 8, 247; his alliance with
Adolf of Nassau, 18, 183; his rela-
tions with Scotland, 12, 268; condi-
tion of Ireland under, 58; his dif-
ferences with Philip III of France,
9,87
Edward II (1284-1327), King of Eng-
land, 1307-1327: birth, 11, 144; reign
of, 152; persecutes the Templars, 9,
89; his relations with Scotland,
12, 278; resigns the crown, 11, 155;
murdered, 155
Edward III (1312-1377), King of Eng-
land, 1327-1377, called the Father
of English Commerce and King of
the Sea: reign of, II, 156; claims
French crown, 9, 92, 11, 159, 13, 33;
attempts to break the power of the
Irish lords, 12, 63; condition of Ire-
land under, 66; his relations with
Scotland, II, 165, 12, 283; his al-
liance with Lewis of Bavaria, 18,
189; forms alliance with Charles the
Bad of Navarre, 8, 210, 211; death
of, 11, 172
Edward IV (1441-1483), King of Eng-
land, 1461-1483: concludes alliance
with Charles the Rash of Burgundy,
13, 44; his relations with Scotland,
12, 296; flees to Calais, II, 211; wins
battle of Mortimer's Cross, 212;
crowned, 213, 214; invades France, 9,
124, 13, 46
Edward V (1470-1483), King of Eng-
land, April-June, 1483: accession of,
11, 219; death of, 221
Edward VI (1537-1553), King of Eng-
land, 1547-1553, called the Josiah
of his Country or of England: birth
of, 11, 258; reign of, 264; condition
of Ireland under, 12, 85
Edward VII (1841 ), King of
Great Britain and Ireland and Em-
peror of India, 1901 : ancestors
of, 16, 70; visits India, 5, 253; ac-
cession of, 5, 288, 11, 642
Edward (1330-1376), Prince of Wales,
called the Black Prince: invades
Normandy, 11, 160; at war with
Charles V, 9, 94, 11, 168; assumes
leadership of the Commons, 11,
172; reinstates Pedro the Cruel, 8,
167; death of, 11, 172
Edward (d. 1471), Prince of Wales,
son of Henry VI: birth of, 11, 210;
death of, 217
Edward (14th century), Count of Sa-
voy: reign of, 4, 275
Edward of Portugal: see Duarte
Edwardes, Herbert Benjamin (1819-
1868), an English general: attempts
to prevent outbreak in the Punjab,
5, 225
Edwards, Jonathan (1 703-1 758), an
American theologian and metaphy-
sician: his reputation, 23, 139; his
writings, 142
Edwig: see Eadwig
Edwin: see Eadwine
Edzart (ca. 1500), Count of Friesland:
chosen count, 13, 51; adopts the
Reformation, 54
Eetionea, Greece: fort of, 2, 361
GENERAL INDEX
227
Egede, Hans (1686-1758), Danish mis-
sionary: his labors in Greenland,
16, 48, 237
Eger, Bohemia: annexed by Bohemia,
17, 73', surrendered to the Empire,
75; siege of (1552), 219
Egerton, Robert Eyles, (1827 ),
Indian civil service: sketch of, 5,
263
Egilbert (ca. 1050), Archbishop of
Prague: crowns Vratislav and
Svatova of Bohemia, 17, 65
Egilona (700 A. D.), widow of Rod-
eric: hostage to the Saracens, 1,
319, 8, 52
Eginus (ca. 1050), Bishop of Dalby:
sketch of, 16, 62
Egmont, Lam oral, Count of (1522-
1568), Dutch nobleman: attempts to
gain regency of Low Countries, 8,
367; his campaigns against the
French, 13, 70; permits no persecu-
tions in his provinces, 77; joins plot
against Granvelle, 78; envoy to Spain,
82; joins confederates, 89; resigns
his government position, 90; yields
to the seductions of the government,
99; takes the new oath of allegiance,
102; arrest of, 8, 359, 13, 105; death
of, 8, 359, 13, 108
Egnatius, Gellius (d. 295 B. C.) Sam-
nite leader, 3, 72
Egnen, Polish Prussia: battle of
(1621), 16, 179
Egusquiza, President of Paraguay
1894-1898: administration of, 31, 2C0
Egypt, northeastern Africa, called the
Granary of Turkey: the land and
the people, I, 3; chronology and
history, 11; religion and mythology,
41; arts and general culture, 50;
relation of civilization to Greece, 2,
21; to Crete, 22; inscriptions in, re-
lating to Greece, 25, 33; ravaged by
Achaians and Danai, 33, 51; religion
of, compared to religion of Greeks,
40; Greek intercourse with, 87; re-
duced by Cambyses, 127; Athenian
campaigns in, 240, 246; Agesilaus
in, 452; conquered by Alexander,
495; assigned to Ptolemy I after
death of Alexander, 512; Greek pros-
perity in, 513; absorbed by Rome, 2,
522, 3, 151; condition under Roman
rule, 3, 162; schemes to unite her
with Rome, 276; governed by Rufio,
3, 371, 4, 27; conquered by Saracens,
2 > 533. 14, 45 aids Turks against
Greeks, 2, 544; French expedition to,
IO, 398; comes under the control of
England and France, II, 633; Ti-
mur's attack on empire of, 14, 48;
Prince Djem aided by, 108, 112;
Turkish wars with, 114; subdued by
the Turks, 133; disorders in, 292,
326; Mamelukes rebel in, 344;
wrested from France, 384; English
expedition against, 398; Turko-
Egyptian war, 437; sketch of her
history, 19, 266; government of, 20,
262
Ehrenskiold, Nils (1674-1728), Swed-
ish admiral: taken prisoner, 15, 64
Ehrestfer, Russia: battle of (1702),
IS, 42
Eikyo, Korea: captured by the Jap-
anese, 7, 1 18
Einhard (Eginhard) (d. 844 A. D.),
French historian: at court of
Charlemagne, 18, 86
Eion, Asia Minor: conquered by Athe-
nians, 2, 228; Thucydides at, 314
Eira, Greece: fall of, 2, 75
Eisleben, The Monk of: see Luther
Ejnar (ca. 900 A. D.), Scandinavian
noble: driven into exile, 16, 42
Ejsten, King of Denmark, ca. 1100 A.
D.: chosen king, 16, 97
Ekbert (ca. 1050), Count of Bruns-
wick: companion of Henry IV of
Germany, 18, 131
Ekkehard I (d. 973 A. D.), German
scholar: sketch of, 13, 345
Ekkehard II (d. 990 A. D.), German
scholar: sketch of, 13, 346
Ekkehard IV (d. 1056), German
scholar: sketch of, 13, 346
Ekmtthl, Austria: battle of (1809), 17,
298
Elagabalus (Bassianus), Roman Em-
peror, 218-222 A. D.: reign of, 4,
104; death, 105
Elah, King of Israel, ca. 870 B. C:
reign of, 1, 389
228
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Elam, Arabia: conquered by the As-
syrians, i, 91
El-Arisch, Egypt: taken by Napoleon,
14, 382; convention of (1801), be-
tween France and Egypt, 9, 317
El Asiento, Treaty of, concluded be-
tween Spain and England (1712),
22, 187
Elbee, Gigot d' (1752-1794), Vendean
general: supports insurrection in the
Vendee, 9, 283
Elbing, West Prussia: taken by the
Russians (1758), 15, 148
El Caney, West Indies: battle of
(1898), 22, 459, 24, 1029
Elchingen, Bavaria: battle of (1805),
9, 326
Eleanor of Castile (d. 1290): marries
Edward I of England, 8, 152; death
of, 11, 147
Eleanor of Guienne (1 122-1203), Aqui-
taine princess: marries Louis VII
of France, 9, 72; marries Henry II
of England, 9, 74, 11, 96; defends
Aquitaine against France, 11, 122
Eleanor of Provence (d. 1291): mar-
ries Henry III of England, 11,
134
Eleanor: see also Leonora
Elector, The Great: see Frederick
William, the Great Elector of Bran-
denburg
Electoral Commission, The, a board
of Commissioners created by act of
Congress (1877) for the purpose of
deciding disputed cases in the presi-
dential election of 1876, 24, 911
Electoral Laws, sanctioning a legal
course in the nomination of French
deputies (1817), 9, 369, 374
Electoral Reform Act in Jamaica
(1840), enfranchising the negroes,
20, 244
Elegia, Asia: battle of, 4, 96
El Embudo, Mexico: battle of (1847),
22, 305
Elephant, Order of the, Danish
Knighthood, 16, 234
Elepoo: see Ilipu
Eleusis, division of Attica: mysteries
of, 2, 332; seized by Thirty Tyrants,
387
Elgin, James Bruce, Earl of (1811-
1863), British statesman: his admin-
istration as governor of Canada, 20,
158, 162; appointed British ambas-
sador to China, 6, 160; arrives at
Hongkong, 161; presents ultimatum,
162; arrives at Tientsin, 165, 175;
goes to Peiho, 165; signs treaty, 166;
advances towards Peking, 177; signs
treaty in Peking, 185; again ap-
pointed ambassador, 6, 278, 9, 451;
his governor-generalship of India,
5, 244
Elgin, Victor Alexander Bruce, Earl
(1849 ), British statesman: his
governor-generalship of India, 5,
274
Elhadj Mohammed Pasha (ca. 1725),
Grand Vizier of Turkey: account of,
14, 314
El-Haj Omar (ca. 1830), African
chief: at war with the French, 19,
48
Elias, Domingo (ca. 1850), Peruvian
statesman: declares himself presi-
dent of Peru, 21, 198
Elie (ca. 1790), French Revolutionist:
leads attack on the -Bastile, 10,
65
Elijah (ca. 900 B. C), Hebrew
prophet: sketch of, 1, 391
Eliot, John, called the " Apostle of the
Indians:" born at Nasing, Essex,
England, 1604; was educated at
Cambridge; emigrated to Boston,
1631, and became minister of the
church at Roxbury; after learning
the Indian tongue, he traveled from
tribe to tribe preaching to them;
had great influence over the Indi-
ans; translated the Bible into the
Indian language, 1661-1663; died in
Roxbury, Mass., May 20, 1690
Reduces Indian language to writ-
ing, 23, 12; imprisoned, 88; called
Apostle to the Indians, 97; aids in
editing Bay Psalm Book, 143
Eliot, Sir John (1590-1632), English
statesman and orator: leader of Op-
position Party, 11, 321; death of,
329
Eliott, George Augustus, Lord Heath-
GENERAL INDEX
229
field (1718-1790), British general:
defends Gibraltar (1779), 8, 417, 9,
256
Elis, Greece: description of, 2, 17; feud
with Pisa, 74, 75; makes war on
Sparta, 321, 440; wars of, with the
Arcadians, 446; civil war in, leads to
alliance with Philip of Macedon, 470
Elisha (850 B. C), Hebrew prophet:
sketch of, 1, 391
Elissa (9th century B. C.), Phoenician
princess: founds Carthage, 1, 123
Elizabeth, Queen of England, 1558-
1603, called the Queen of the
Northern Seas: born at Greenwich,
England, September 7, 1533; was
the daughter of Henry VII and
Anne Boleyn; was educated under
reform influence, being taught the
classical languages by Roger
Ascham; was confined in the
Tower, 1554, by Queen Mary on
charge of being concerned in Wy-
att's rebellion; succeeded to the
throne on the death of Mary, 1558;
repealed the Catholic statutes of
Mary's reign and reestablished the
Anglican Church; concluded the
Treaty of Troyes with France, 1564;
signed the death warrant of Mary
Queen of Scots, 1587; defeated the
Spanish Armada, 1588; supported
the Protestant cause in the Nether-
lands; encouraged commercial and
literary undertakings; died at Rich-
mond, near London, March 24, 1603
Birth of, II, 254; imprisoned, 270;
reign of, 274; aids Henry IV of
France against Philip II of Spain,
8, 356, 13, 71; aids Protestant refu-
gees from the Netherlands, 8, 360;
attempts to restore Antonio to Por-
tuguese throne, 454; aids the Con-
gregation in Scotland, 12, 313; im-
prisons Mary Queen of Scots, 319;
opens English ports to Flemish ref-
ugees, 13, 107; intercedes for Dutch
Protestants, 121; concludes treaty
with Dutch Protestants, 126; re-
fuses to marry the Duke of Anjou,
137; abandons the Dutch Republic,
171; seeks aid of Turkey, 14, 202;
her relations with Russia, 15, 17;
Erik XIV solicits the hand of, 16,
161; charters African Company, 19,
30; encourages English seamen, 23,
51; her commercial restrictions on
colonists, 66; death of, 13, 177
Elizabeth, Queen of Hungary, ca.
1430: reign of, 17, 157
Elizabeth (ca. 1250), wife of Conrad
IV: guardian of Conradin, 18, 168
Elizabeth (ca. 1300), wife of Albert I
of Germany: revenge of, 18, 185
Elizabeth (ca. 1300), daughter of Wen-
zel II of Bohemia: marries John,
son of Henry of Luxemburg, 18,
185
Elizabeth (1764-1794), Princess of
France: death of, 9, 289
Elizabeth (ca. 1350), Princess of Hol-
stein-Gottorp: sketch of, 16, 116
Elizabeth (ca. 1400), Countess of Hol-
stein: makes war upon Danes, 16,
125
Elizabeth of Bavaria (1 837-1898),
Empress of Austria: marries Fran-
cis Joseph, 17, 383; death of, 456
Elizabeth of Bohemia (ca. 1400) : mar-
ries Albert V of Austria, 17, 106
Elizabeth of Brunswick-Bevern (1715-
I 797)> Queen of Prussia: wife of
Frederick the Great, 18, 328
Elizabeth of France (1 545-1 568): mar-
ries Philip II of Spain, 8, 355, 9,
149
Elizabeth of York (1466-1503): mar-
ries Henry VII, 11, 223
Elizabeth Alexievna (1779-1826), Em-
press of Russia: sketch of, 15, 268
Elizabeth Petrovna (1 709-1761), Em-
press of Russia: plans for her mar-
riage, 15, 94; account of, 103, 109;
conspiracies to place her on the
throne, 125, 129, 131; reign of, 15,
I33i !6, 228; forms alliance with
Austria, 18, 332
Elizabeth Stuart (1596-1662), Queen of
Bohemia, called the Queen of
Hearts and Goody Palsgrave: mar-
ries Frederick V, Elector Palatine,
11, 3ii
Elizabethtown, New Jersey: settled,
23, 108; first assembly meets at, 108
Elizalde (19th century), minister of
Foreign Affairs of Argentine Re-
230
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
public: favors a Brazilian alliance,
31, 132
Elkins Law, a law in the United
States aimed at the character of
trusts (1901), 24, 1052
Ellauri, Jose, a South American
statesman: president of Uruguay
(1873-1875), 31, 146
Ellenborough: see Law, Edward
Elles, Eir Edmond Roche (1848 ),
English official in India: sketch of,
5, 279; resigns as military member
of council, 305
Elliot, Captain (ca. 1836), English of-
ficer in China: in Opium War, 6,
130
Elliot, Gilbert, Earl of Minto, gov-
ernor-general of India, 1807-1813:
appointed, 5, 205
Ellis, Sir Barrow Helbert (1 823-1 887),
member of council of India, 1875-
1885: sketch of, 5, 251; negotiates
Treaty of Teheran, 360
Ellis, Edward (ca. 1579), English
merchant: sent to Constantinople,
14, 202
Ellmaker, Amos, American politician:
nominated for Vice-President
(1833), 23, 498
Ellsworth, Ephraim Elmer (d. 1861),
American soldier: killed, 24, 731
Ellsworth, Oliver, American states-
man and jurist: in constitutional
convention, 23, 324; in first Con-
gress, 343; plans organization of na-
tional judiciary, 346; administers
oath to President Adams, 371; ap-
pointed envoy, 376
El-Melik-el-Mo'izz : see Eybek
El Mina (St. Jorge da Mina), Africa:
founded, 19, 18; captured by the
Dutch, 36
Elms, City of: see New Haven, Con-
necticut
Elobey, island in Pacific Ocean near
Africa: under Spanish rule, 20, 299
Eloquent, Old Man: see Adams, John
Quincy
Elorriega, Francisco, a Mexican poli-
tician: candidate for president of
Mexico, 1846, 22, 315
Elphinstone, John (1722-1785), a
Scotch naval officer: at the battle of
Tchesme, 15, 178
Elphinstone, Mountstuart (1 779-1859),
British governor of Bombay: envoy
to Afghanistan, 5, 205, 216
Elphinstone, William George Keith
(1782-1842), an English general in
India: sketch of, 5, 218
El Pilar, Peace of, a peace concluded
in 1820 between South American
provinces, 31, 71, 119
Elulaeus (Luli), King of Tyre, ca. 728-
692 B. C. : defeated by Sennacherib,
I, 87; reign of, 124
Elvas, Spain: battle of (1659), 8, 465
Elvira, Dona (ca. 965 A. D.), abbess
of San Salvador convent: regent of
Leon, 8, 137
Elwas Mohammed (ca. 1697), Grand
Vizier of Turkey: unpopularity of,
14, 262
Emancipation, of negroes in United
States: Fremont declares Missouri
slaves free, 24,741; agitated as a war
measure, 766; Confiscation Act
(1862), effecting, 766; gradual, 766;
importuned by delegations, 767
Emancipation Act, Catholic, in Eng-
lish history: an act admitting Cath-
olics to both Houses of Parliament
(1829), 12, 222
Emancipation Proclamation, issued by
Abraham Lincoln freeing slaves in
America (1863): preliminary, 24,
766; final, 767; Lincoln's justification
for, 768; made permanent by thir-
teenth amendment, 841
Embalmed Beef Scandal, scandal con-
cerning the beef given to the sol-
diers during the Spanish-American
War (1898), 24, 1034
Embree, Elihu, an American editor:
publishes first abolition paper in
America, 24, 573
Emeran, St., of Poitiers (ca. 710 A.
D.), a German prelate: founds the
bishopric of Salzburg, 17, 88
Emerich, St (d. 1031), Prince of Hun-
gary, son of St. Stephen: death of,
17, 50
Emerich, King of Hungary, 1 196-1204:
reign of, 17, 55
GENERAL INDEX
231
Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1803-1882),
an American poet, lecturer and es-
sayist: in American literature, 23,
481; member of American Anti-
Slavery Society, 24, 574
Emesa, ancient city in Arabia: de-
scription of, 1, 279; conquered by
the Saracens, 279
Emi Oshikazu (ca. 760 A. D.), Prime
Minister of Japan: rebellion of, 7,
36
Emigrant-Aid Society, organized in
Massachusetts, 24, 647
Emigrants, The (Emigres, Les), the
royalists who left France in 1789
and succeeding years: consternation
of, on the king's arrest, 10, 142;
Girondists desire rigorous measures
against, 157; invited by the king to
return, 159; act of pardon proposed
in favor of, 446
Emin Mohammed (d. 1769), Grand
Vizier of Turkey: recalled, 14, 324
Emin Pasha (1840-1892), a noted Af-
rican explorer: beleaguered by the
Mahdi, 19, 138; enters the service
of Germany, 143; the German expe-
dition for relief of, 186
Emishi, Japan: rebellion of, 7, 10;
brought into subjection, 27
Emma, Queen of England, ca. 1000
A. D. : influence of, 16, 32
Emma of Waldeck, Queen of Holland,
1879-1890: marriage of, 13, 318; re-
gency of, 318
Emmanuel (I) the Great (1469-1521),
King of Portugal, 1495-1521: rela-
tion of Indian sovereigns to, 20, 39
Emmanuel (Manuel) Philibert (1528-
1580), Duke of Savoy, an Italian
general: at battle of St. Quentin, 4,
307; reign of, 307; aids Venice
against Turks, 309; claims throne
of Spain, 8, 448; commands Spanish
forces, 13, 70; asserts his claim in
Switzerland, 458
Emmet, Robert (1 778-1803), an Irish
revolutionist: insurrection of, 12,
218
Emmet, Thomas Addis (1 764-1 827),
an Irish lawyer and politician: joins
the United Irishmen, 12, 207
Emperor, the Iron: see Nicholas I,
Emperor of Russia
Emperor of China: title first assumed
by Manchu rulers (1635), 6, 49
Emperors, Battle of the Three: see
Austerlitz: battle of (1805)
Emperors, The Five Good: see Nerva,
Trajan, Hadrian, Antonius Pius, and
Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperors
Empire State, The: see New York
Empire State of the South, The: see
Georgia
Emporiae, Spain: makes alliance with
Rome, 3, 113
Empremesnil, d' (ca. 1789), French
deputy: joins advocates of liberty,
10, 46
Empson, Richard (d. 1510), English
politician: instrument of Henry VII,
11, 230; executed, 235
Ems, Syria: battle of (1832), 14, 434
Encumbered Estates Act, in Irish his-
tory: an act providing for the com-
pulsory sale of estates whose rents
were mortgaged (1848), 11, 607, 12,
238 note
Enderby Land, Antarctic Ocean: dis-
covered (1831), 16, 334
Endicott, John (1589-1665), American
colonist: breaks up settlement of
Merrymount, 23, 85; receives grant
from Plymouth Company, 86
Endicott, William Crowinshield (1827
), American politician: Secre-
tary of War, 24, 950 note
Endius (ca. 420 B. C), Spartan leader:
member of the Ephoralty, 2, 351;
envoy to Athens, 365
Enfant, Major 1' (ca. 1790), French
engineer: plans City of Washington,
23, 350
Enforcement Acts, giving jurisdiction
to Federal Courts over offenses
against the negroes: passed, 24, 870;
decision of Supreme Court respect-
ing, 873
Engelbrechtsson, Engelbrecht (ca.
1420), Danish rebel: leads Swedish
revolt, 16, 127
Engelbrechtsson, Olaf (d. 1538),
Archbishop of Drontheim: death of,
16, 196
232
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Enghien: see Steenkirk
Enghien, Louis Antoine Henri (1772-
1804), a French prince: death of, 9,
321, 10, 456, 18, 366
Enghien, Louis of Bourbon, Duke of:
see Conde, Louis of Bourbon,
Prince of
England, the largest division of Great
Britain, called the Ocean's Queen:
condition of the Jews, 1, 419; pro-
tests against action of Russia, 6,
311; signs treaty with Japan (1902),
312; signs new treaty with Japan
(1905), 315; begins trade with Japan,
7 135; concludes treaty with China
277; her relations with Turkey, 14,
7, 160, 202; attitude toward Russia
14, 358, 360, 361; allied with Russia
322; joins triple alliance (1788), 360;
allies against France, 380; interven-
tion of, in Turkey, 267, 284, 290, 299,
347, 423; refuses aid to the Sultan,
435; in agreement of the Darda-
nelles, 437; hostile to Russia, 487;
in Africa, 19, 71; present African
possessions of, 266; claims in Dela-
ware, 23, 107; dominate in colonies,
126; population of, in French and
Indian war, 173; attitude toward
Indians, 175; Northwest boundary
dispute, 443; opposes intervention
in South America, 446; Northeast
boundary dispute, 514; prepares for
war with United States (1861), 34,
729; in joint intervention against
Mexico, 875; appoints Behring Sea
arbitrators, 980; Alaskan-Canadian
boundary dispute, 1054; see also
Great Britain and England, History
of
England, History of: prehistoric and
Roman Britain, 11, 3; the English
settlements, 17; the strife of the
English kingdoms, 27; the kingship
and struggle with the Danes, 41;
Eadgar's England, 50; England and
Normandy, 56; William I, 71; Wil-
liam II, 97; Richard I, 112; John,
121; Henry III, 130; Edward I
Edward II, 143; from the accession
of Edward III to the Treaty of
Bretigni, 167; Richard II and the so-
cial revolution, 173; Richard II and
the political revolution, 180; Henry
IV Henry V, 191; Henry VI and
the loss of France, 201; the later
years of Henry VI, 208; the Yorkish
kings, 214; Henry VII, 223; Henry
VIII and Wolsey, 235; the breach
with the Papacy, 243; the royal su-
premacy, 254; Edward VI Mary,
264; the Elizabethan settlement in
church and state, 274; Elizabeth
and the European conflict, 285;
Elizabeth's years of triumph, 295;
James I, 307; the growth of the
personal government of Charles I,
332; the formation of parliamentary
parties and first years of the civil
war, 340; the New Model Army,
351; the commonwealth and protec-
torate, 362; Charles II and Claren-
don. 3795 Charles II and the cabal,
391; Danby's administration and the
three short Parliaments, 462; the
last years of Charles II, 412; James
II, 421; William III and Mary II,
435; William III (alone), 444;
Queen Anne, 453; establ'shment of
Parliamentary supremacy, Town-
shend, Sunderland, and Walpole,
468; establishment of Parliamentary
supremacy; Walpole, Carteret, and
the Pelhams, 481; Newcastle and
Pitt, 493; the breakup of the Whig
party, 504; the struggle of the Amer-
icans for Independence, 513; Pitt
and Fox, 524; the French Revolu-
tion, 539; the union with Ireland
and trouble with France, 545; the
ascendency of Napoleon, 555; the
downfall of Napoleon, 562; England
after Waterloo, 569; First Reform
Bill Catholic Emancipation and
Parliamentary reform, 581; the re-
formers in power, 591; free trade,
602; the Crimean War and the end
of the East India Company, 611;
antecedents and results of the Sec-
ond Reform Act, 626; the last years
of the 19th century, 632
England, The Apostle of: see Latimer
England, The Josiah of: see Edward
VI, King of England
GENERAL INDEX
233
English, The Apostle of the: see
Gregory, Saint, the Great
English, The Hammer and Scourge of
the: see Wallace, William
English, William E. (1850 ),
American Congressman: his bill
brought forward, 24, 663; nominated
for Vice-President, 930
English Commerce, Father of: see
Edward III, King of England
English East India Company: see
East India Company, British
English Justinian, The: see Edward I,
King of England
English Poetry, Father of: see Chau-
cer, Geoffrey
English Pope, The: see Adrian IV,
Pope
Englishman, The Handsome: see
Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke
of
Enkoping, Sweden: battle of (1365),
16, 108
Enna, Sicily: slave uprising at, 3, 173;
siege of, 173; garrison defeated by
revolted slaves, 187
Enniscorthy, Ireland: battle of (1798),
12, 210
Enomoto Takeaki (ca. 1850), Japanese
officer: rebellion of, 7, 169; sent to
St. Petersburg, 188
Enotake, Japan: siege of, 7, 181
Enrique I (1204-1217), King of Cas-
tile: reign of, 8, 149
Enrique II, King of Castile: see
Henry of Transtamore
Enrique III, King of Castile: see
Henry (III) the Infirm
Enrique IV, King of Castile: see
Henry (IV) the Impotent
Enrique, Don: see Henry, Don
Enrique de Rivera, Payo: see Rivera,
Payo Enrique de
Enryaku-ji, Japanese temple: built, 7,
41
Ensenada, Zenon Silva, Marquis de
(1690-1762), a Spanish statesman:
policy of, 8, 413
En-shag-kushana, Babylonian ruler,
4500 B. C. : reign of, 1, 75
Ensheim, Germany: battle of (1674),
9, 211
Entefa, King of Egypt, ca. 2500 B. C:
reign of, 1, 18
Entragues, Count of (ca. 1600),
French noble: conspiracy of, 9, 174
Entraigues, Emmanuel Louis Henri
de Launey (d. 1812), French noble:
his pamphlet on the States-General,
10, 38; joins advocates of liberty, 46
Entragues, Henrietta d': see Verneuil,
Henrietta d' Entragues, Marquise of
Enzio (1225-1272), King of Sicily, son
of Frederick II: captures prelates
bound for general council, 4, 205;
invested with Sardinia, 18, 164; at
war with the Pope, 165; taken pris-
oner by Bolognese, 167
Eorls, a division of the Anglian divi-
sion of Britain: description of, 11,
20
Eotvos, Baron Jozsef (1813-1871),
Hungarian author and statesman:
made minister of public education,
17, 368
Epaminondas (418-362 B. C), Theban
soldier and statesman: patriot of
Greece, 2, 13; character of, 427; in
Congress at Athens, 431; commands
at Leuctra, 432; invades Pelopon-
nesus, 440, 443; invades Thessaly,
444; invades Peloponnesus, 445; at-
tempts to take Sparta, 448; com-
mands at Mantinea, 449; killed, 450
Epariti, a Greek band of soldiers: in
Arcadia, 2, 440
Eperies, Butchery o (1687), period
of 30 days of execution in Hungary
after conquest by Leopold I, 17, 230
Epernon, Jean Louis de Nogaret de la
Valette, Duke of (1554-1642),
French nobleman: leader of discon-
tented nobles, 9, 172; conspires with
Marie de' Medici, 180
Ephesus, Asia Minor: Greek settle-
ment of, 2, 55; taken by the Per-
sians, 126; recaptured after Ionian
revolt, 137; Athenians defeated at,
367; Lysander at, 369; Agesilaus at,
394; submits to Alexander, 490
Ephialtes (ca. 480 B. C), Malian trai-
tor: gives information to the Per-
sians at Thermopylae, 2, 192
Ephialtes (d. 456 B. C), Athenian
234
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
statesman and general: leads anti-
Spartan party, 2, 238; murdered, 240
Ephors, overseers or police magis-
trates in Sparta: introduced, 2, 68
Epidamnus, Greece: founded, 3, 27;
civil war at, 2, 264
Epidaurus, Greece: at war with Ath-
ens, 2, 240; allied to Sparta, 274, 324,
440; besieged by Epaminondas, 443
Epinoi, Prince of (ca. 1633), Dutch
patriot: plots for overthrow of
Spanish power in Belgium, 13, 211
Epinoi, Princess of (ca. 1582), wife
of governor of Tournay: at the
siege of Tournay, 13, 137
Epirus, Greece: geography of, 2, 7;
tribes of, attack the Acarnanians,
289; conquered by Philip, 471; Ro-
mans plunder cities of, 3, 151
Episcopal Church: established in
South Carolina, 23, 78; in Ports-
mouth, 95; toleration of, after Res-
toration, 99; disfranchisement of
members, 99; befriended by Andros,
100; opposed in New England, 147;
established in New York, 149
Epistates, president of the assembly
of Athens: office of the, 2, 148
Epitadas (4th century B. C.) Spartan
general: in the war with Athens, 2,
307
Epre, Corporal d': see Napoleon (I)
Bonaparte, Emperor of the French
Epremesnil (Espremesnil), Jean Jac-
ques Duval d' (1746-1794), a French
advocate: arrest of, 9, 259, 10, 35;
death of, 9, 289
"Era of Good Feeling," in United
States history (1817-1824): begins
with Monroe's election, 23, 435;
named, 459
Erasmus, Desiderius, a celebrated
Dutch scholar and philosopher:
born at Rotterdam, probably Octo-
ber 28, 1465; was the natural son of
Gerhard de Praet; left an orphan at
thirteen years of age and defrauded
of his inheritance by his guardians,
he was forced by them to enter the
monastery of Stein; served as secre-
tary to the Bishop of Cambray, who
gave him the opportunity to study
at the University of Paris; visited
England, where he became a friend
of Sir Thomas More and John Co-
let; and studied Greek at Oxford,
1498; returned to the continent,
1499; went to Italy, 1506; visited
England again, 1510, and became
professor of divinity and Greek at
Cambridge; wrote his "Praise of
Folly"; received various invitations
from different monarchs to their
capitals; pensioned by the Archduke
Charles, and was thus able to in-
dulge his love of travel; published
an edition of the Greek Testament
with a Latin version and notes,
1516; at Bale published his " Collo-
quies"; engaged in a dispute with
Luther, 1524; died at Bale, July 12,
1536
Aids the Reformation, 13, 55;
sketch of, 63; contemporary of
Luther, 18, 234
Eratosthenes (276-196 B. C), Alexan-
drian scientist: his catalogue of
Theban kings, 1, 12; believes the
earth to be a sphere, 23, 23
Erchanger, Count of Suabia (ca. 913
A. D.), German general: at the bat-
tle of the Inn, 18, 104
Erechtheum, a temple at Athens: de-
scription of, 2, 255 note
Eremon, legendary king of Ireland:
reign of, 12, 24
Eretria, Greece: colonial energy of, 2,
79, 83; aids the Ionians, 134; taken
by the Persians, 165; revolts against
Athens, 248; battle of, 361; tyrants
of, 473
Erfurt, Prussia: surrender of (1806),
18, 372
Erfurt, Conference of, a conference
between Napoleon I, Alexander I,
and German princes (1808), 15, 218
Erfurt, Treaty of, a treaty between
Napoleon and Alexander I of Rus-
sia (1808), 9, 334, 18, 374
Erfurt, University of: Luther at, 18,
234
Eric (XIII) of Pomerania, King of
Sweden: see Erik (VII) of Pomer-
ania, King of Denmark, Norway,
and Sweden
Ericksen, L. Mylius, a Danish ex-
GENERAL INDEX
235
plorer in Arctic regions, 1906: com-
mands the Danish Expedition, 16,
339
Ericksson, Jossen (Jens Erichsen)
(ca. 1435), royal bailiff of Denmark:
cruelties of, 16, 128
Ericsson, John, a Swedish engineer
and inventor of the "Monitor":
born in the parish of Fernebo,
Wermland, Sweden, July 31, 1803;
served a few years in the army;
went to England, 1826; invented an
engine to run on the Liverpool and
Manchester Railway and a caloric
engine, 1833; applied the screw or
propeller to steam navigation; went
to United States, 1840, and received
aid from the government in putting
his inventions into use; produced
the iron-clad steamer, " Monitor,"
1862; his last work was upon a mo-
tor worked by solar heat; died in
New York City, March 8, 1889
Designs the " Monitor," 24, 755
Erie Canal, a canal connecting Hud-
son River and Lake Erie: increases
industrial activity, 23, 479
Erik (I) Ejegod, King of Denmark
1095-1103: made jarl of Sjaelland
16, 72; reign of, 74; death of, 75
Erik (II) Emun, King of Denmark,
1135-1137: avenges the death of his
brother, 16, 76; reign of, 80
Erik (III) Lamb, King of Denmark
1137-1147: reign of, 16, 80
Erik (IV) Ploopeng, King of Den-
mark, 1241-1250: reign of, 16, 91
his relations with Slesvig, 266
Erik (V) Glipping, King of Denmark,
1259-1286: accession of, 16, 96;
death of, no
Erik (VI) Menved, King of Denmark,
1286-1320: pawns Danish provinces
16, 107; accession of, no
Erik (VII) Pomerania, King of Den
mark, Norway, and Sweden, 1397-
1440: chosen to succeed Margaret,
16, 120; coronation of, 122; reign of
126; deposition of, 129
Erik (I) Blodoxe, King of Norway
898-940 A. D.: career of, 16, 52
Erik II Praesthader, King of Norway,
1280-1299: forms alliance with John
Balliol, 13, 273; reign of, 16, 100;
patronizes Danish rebels, no
Erik Edmundson, King of Sweden,
10th century: the legend of, 16, 59
Erik Sejrsael, King of Sweden, 10th
century: the legend of, 16, 58
Erik (I or IX) Jedvardsson, Saint,
King of Sweden, 1155-1160: reign
of, 16, 101
Erik (II or X) Knudsson, King of
Sweden, 1210-1216: defeats Valde-
mar Sejr, 16, 85; marriage of, 103
Erik (III or XI) Laespe, King of
Sweden, 1222-1250: death of, 16, 103
Erik (IV or XII), King of Sweden,
co-ruler with Magnus II: career of,
16, 108
Erik XIV, King of Sweden, 1560-
1569: accession of, 16, 161; deposi-
tion of, 163; death of, 164
Erik (ca. 1521), Duke of Brunswick:
befriends Luther, 18, 241
Erik (ca. 1280), Duke of Slesvig: con-
firmed in his duchy, 16, 95
Erik (ca. 1270), son of Birger Jarl:
his quarrels with Valdemar, 16, 104
Erik (ca. 1330), son of Christopher II
of Denmark: sketch of, 16, 113, 114
Erik (d. 1319), son of Magnus Ladis-
laas of Sweden: his quarrels with
his brother, 16, 106
Erik Raudi or the Red (ca. 985 A.
D.), Scandinavian explorer: settles
Greenland, 16, 47, 31, 3
Eriksson, Jacob (ca. 1634), Swedish
soldier: marks the spot where Gus-
tavus Adolphus fell, 16, 185
Eritrea, Africa: present condition of,
19, 249; description of, 20, 300
Erivan, Russia: battle of (1800), 5,
358
Erkinvald (ca. 656 A. D.), a Merovin-
gian leader: made mayor of the
palace, 9, 33
Erlach, Hans Ludwig von (159s-
1650), a Swiss general: at the Miin-
ster Conference, 13, 465
Erlach, Ludwig von (1 746-1 798), a
Swiss general: incites war against
France, 13, 511
Erlach, Rudolf von (d. 1369), Ber-
286
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
nese nobleman: leads relief for Lau-
pen, 13, 374; in the Helvetic civil
war, 519
Erlach, Sigmund von (1614-1699), a
Swiss general: in the peasant re-
volts, 13, 473
Erlach, Sigmund von (ca. 1655),
Swiss statesman, nephew of the pre-
ceding: draws up a Federal char-
ter, 13, 475
Erlandsen, Jacob, Archbishop of
Roeskilde, primate of Denmark, ca.
1283: his struggle with Christopher,
16, 95
Erlau, Hungary: taken by imperial-
ists (1687), 14, 255
Erlau, Count of, a French officer: at
battle of Waterloo (1815), 9, 363
Ermanfroi (ca. 714 A. D.), a Merovin-
gian lord: kills Ebroin, 9, 35
Ermengarde (d. 818 A. D.), queen of
Louis the Pious: plots against Ber-
nard of Italy, 9, 47; death of, 48
Ermengaudo (ca. 1089), Count of Ur-
gel: campaigns of, 8, 225
Ermenigild (6th century A. D.),
Gothic prince: career of, 8, 41
Ernest (i553-i59S), Archduke of Aus-
tria: made governor of the Nether-
lands, 13, 161; death of, 162
Ernest (ca. 1400), Austrian prince,
called the Man of Iron: sketch of,
17, 107
Ernest the Pious (ca. 1650), Duke of
Gotha: policy of, 18, 299
Ernest the Valiant (ca. 1093), Mar-
grave of Babenberg: reign of, 17,
90
Ernest II (ca. 1025), Duke of Suabia:
rebellion of, 18, 125
Ernest Augustus (1629-1698), Elector
of Hanover: made elector, 18, 308
Ernest Augustus (1771-1851), Duke of
Cumberland: made viceroy of Han-
over (1830), 18, 395; overthrows the
constitution, 396
Errasuriz, Federico (1825-1877),
South American statesman: his ad-
ministration as president of Chili,
21, 226, 238; given the command of
the Congressionalist troops, 239; his
second administration, 240
Errizzo, Paul (15th century), Venetian
commander: bravery of, 14, 84
Erskine, John, Earl of Mar: see Mar,
John Erskine, Earl of
Erskine, Thomas, Baron Erskine
(1750-1823), British statesman: his
conduct while minister to the
United States, 23, 415
Ertoghrul (ca. 1250), founder of Ot-
toman Empire: leads band of Og-
huz Turks into Asia Minor, 14, 9;
compared to Suleiman the Great,
180
Erythrea, Africa: founded, 4, 404
Erzerum, Asia: taken (1829), 15, 286
Esarhaddon, King of Assyria, 680-668
B. C: reign of, I, 88; razes Sidon,
124
Escalona, Diego Lopez Pacheco,
Duke (d. ca. 1640), Spanish noble:
made viceroy of New Spain, 22, 163
Escandon, Jose (ca. 1750), Spanish
noble: governor of new colonies,
22, 197
Eschenbach, Walter von: see Walter
von Eschenbach
Escher, Alfred (ca. 1840), Swiss en-
gineer: his efforts in behalf of the
St. Gotthard Railway, 13, 574
Escher, Johann Kaspar (1 678-1 762),
Swiss magistrate: administration of,
13, 484
Escobar, Patricio, President of Para-
guay, 1886-1890, 21, 260
Escobar y Llamas, Diego Osorio (ca.
1650), Bishop of Puebla: made vice-
roy of New Spain, 22, 172
Escobedo, Mariano (1828 ), Mexi-
can soldier: his campaign against
the French, 22, 385; sketch of, 395
Escocesses, The, Mexican political
lodge (1825): sketch of, 22, 265
Escovedo, Juan de (d. 1578), Spanish
noble: assassination of, 8, 373
Escurra, Juan B., South American
statesman: President of Paraguay,
1902, 21, 260
Esher, Johann Conrad (1768-1823),
Swiss geologist: upholds revolu-
tionary ideas, 13, 503, 522
Eshmunazar II, King of Tyre, ca. 550
B. C: reign of, 1, 125
GENERAL INDEX
237
Eskil, Bishop of Roeskilde (d. 1187),
Swedish prelate: sketch of, 16, 80
Esklmauan Indians, a linguistic stock
of North American Indians: de-
scendants of Palaeolithic men, II,
14; independent of other families,
23, 7
"Esmeralda," Chilian battle-ship:
captures the " Virgen de Cova-
donga," 21, 221; sunk, 235
Esnambuc, d' (ca. 1600), French pri-
vateer: makes settlements in the
West Indies, 20, 68
Espanola: see Haiti
Espartero, Baldomero (1792-1879),
Spanish general and statesman: his
campaign against the Carlists, 8,
497; made regent of Spain, 500; at-
tempts to restore peaceful relations
after revolution of 1854, 505
Espinosa, Spain: battle of (1808), 9,
334
Espinosa, Javier (1815-1870), a states-
man of Ecuador: elected president
of Ecuador, 21, 116
Essequibo, British Guiana: taken by
the English, 20, 143
Essex, a political division of England
origin of, 11, 18
"Essex," American frigate: destroyed
. 23, 424
Essex, Arthur Capel, Earl of (1631-
1683), English statesman: impli-
cated in Rye House Plot, 11, 414
Essex, Robert Devereux, Earl of
(1567-1601), English statesman: at
the capture of Cadiz (1596), 11, 298,
13, 163; his campaign in Ireland,
11, 303, 12, 98; death, 12, 303
Essex, Robert Devereux, Earl of
(1591-1646), English general: ap-
pointed head of Parliamentary
forces, 11, 344
Essex, Thomas Cromwell, Earl of:
see Cromwell, Thomas
Essex, Walter Devereux, Earl of
(1541-1576), English nobleman: at-
tempts to plant colonies in Ireland,
12, 92
Essling (Esslingen), Austria-Hun-
gary: battle of (1809), 9, 335, 17,
298
Estaing, Charles Hector, Comte d'
(1729-1794), French general: com-
mands fleet to aid American colo-
nies, 9, 254; bombards Savannah,
23, 272
Este, Ferdinand d' (ca. 1850), Aus-
trian noble: in the Cracow insurrec-
tion, 17, 348
Esterhazy, Nicholas (ca. 1600), Hun-
garian diplomat: his mission to
Transylvania, 17, 225
Esterhazy de Galanta, Nicolas, Prince
(1765-1833), Hungarian magnate:
raises troops against Napoleon, 17,
334
Esthonia, Baltic province of Russia:
protected by Sweden, 15, 17; passes
to Russia, 65, 68
Estigarribia, Colonel (19th century),
traitor of Paraguay: treason of, 21,
157
Estrees, Louis Cesar Letellier, Comte
d' (1697-1771), French marshal:
president of council of marine af-
fairs, 9, 227; in the Seven Years'
War, 245; occupies St. Lucia and
St. Vincent, 20, 76
Estrees, Cesar d' (1628-1714), French
cardinal: sketch of, 8, 392
Estridsens, Danish dynasty beginning
1047: inauguration of the line of,
16, 33; Denmark under, 67
Estrup, Jacob Bronnum (1825 ),
Danish statesman: ministry of, 16,
289
Etampes, France: battle of (ca. 600
A. D.), 9, 30
Etaples, Treaty of, concluded be-
tween England and France (1492),
9, 129; 11, 226
Eternal City, The: see Rome
Ethbaal, King of Tyre, 9th century
B. C. : reign of, 1, 123; forms alli-
ance with king of Israel, 390
Ethelred (II) the Unready, King of
England, 978-1016 A. D.: his rela-
tions with Svend Tveskaeg, 16, 31
Ethnike Hetairia, Greek secret patri-
otic society: adopts cause of Crete,
14, 503, 504
Ethnology, Bureau of, in Washing-
ton: classifies Indians, 23, 7
238
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Eto Shimpei (ca. 1870), Japanese
politician: rebellion of, 7, 177
Etruria, land of the Etruscans, Italy:
location of, 3, 45 inhabitants of, 2,
83, 3, 22; defeated at Cumae, 2,
218; aids Athens, 339; league with
the Phoenicians, 3, 28; collapse of
its power, 56
Etruscans: see Etruria
Etterlin, Petermann (ca. 1450), Swiss
historian: sketch of, 13, 427
Etting, Solomon (ca. 1800), American
Jew: elected member of city coun-
cil of Baltimore, I, 426
Ettrick o Ettrick, Francis Napier,
Baron: see Napier, Francis, Baron
Ettrick o Ettrick
Etzel: see Attila
Etzel, Switzerland: battles of the
(1439), 13, 399; (1440), 399
Eu, Count d' (d. 1350), French noble:
execution of, 9, 96
Eu, Louis Philippe, Count d' (1842
) French nobleman: his cam-
paign against Peru, 31, 159
Euboea, Island of, in Aegean Sea:
description of, 2, 14; revolts from
Athens, 248, 361; joins the Thebans,
438; wars in, 464, 474; taken by Ve-
netians, 536; taken by Saracens, 537;
taken by Turks, 2, 539, 14, 84
Euclid, work of the Greek geometer,
Euclid: translated into Chinese, 6,
34, 77
Eudamidas (ca. 400 B. C), Spartan
general: in the war against the
Chalcidian League, 2, 421
Eudes, King of France, 888-898 A. D.:
defends Paris, 9, 53; elected king,
53
Eudes (665-735 A. D.), Duke of
Aquitaine: invasions of Saracens, 1,
335, 336, 8, 64; rebellion of, 9, 36, 18,
71
Eudo: see Eudes
Eudoxia (b. 422 A. D.), Roman Em-
press: summons Geiseric to Rome,
4, 149, 18, 43
Eudoxia (Evdokia) Fecdorovna
Lopukhin, Empress of Russia, ca.
1700: marriage of, 15, 30; plots
with Alexis, 76; at Peter IPs coro-
nation, 96
Eugene (Eugenius) III (d. 1153),
Pope, 1145-1153: opposes Neapolitan
policy of Alfonso V of Aragon, 8,
264; calls the second crusade, 18,
145; accepts the doctrines of Arnold
of Brescia, 146
Eugene (Eugenius) IV (1383-1447),
Pope, 1431-1447: calls the Council
of Basel, 18, 210; loses Rome, 4,
224; deposed, 4, 277, 18, 213; recog-
nizes Alfonso V of Aragon as king
of the Two Sicilies, 8, 265; aids cru-
sades, 14, 62, 65; opposes compro-
mises with the Hussites, 17, 136;
intervenes in Bohemian affairs, 142;
Eugene (Eugenius), Emperor of
Rome: proclaimed emperor in Gaul
(392 A. D.), 4, 135, 18, 34; captured
by Theodosius, 35
Eugene, Prince of Savoy (1 663-1 736),
Austrian general: career of, 4, 326;
sends expedition to India, 5, 172;
campaigns in Italy, 8, 390, 9, 218, 11,
454, 13, 249, 16, 218, 18, 312, 323; in
the War of Spanish Succession, 9,
220, 13, 247; against the Turks, 13,
246, 14, 286, 287, 15, 119, 17, 231,
235, 18, 304, 319
Eugenie Marie of Montijo (1826 ),
Empress of France: marries Na-
poleon III of France, 9, 445; in the
Franco-Prussian War, 18, 417, 420
Eugenius: see Eugene
Euler, Leonhard (1707-1783), Swiss
mathematician: services of, 15, 195,
20, 122
Eumines (361-316 B. C), secretary of
Alexander the Great: his share of
Alexander's empire, 2, 512
Eupatoria, Turkey: battle of (1855),
14, 458
Eupatridae, The, landowning aristoc-
racy of Athens: description of, 2,
98, 99
Euphemia (14th century), sister of
Magnus Smek: mother of Albert of
Mecklenburg, 16, 108
Euphron (ca. 360 B. C), tyrant of
Sicyon: attempts to enslave his
country, 2, 453
Eupompidas (ca. 428 B. C), Greek
soldier: at the siege of Plataea, 2,
297
GENERAL INDEX
39
Eureka, Australia: insurrection in
(1854), 20, 202
Euric (d. 484 A. D.), King of the
Goths: reign of, 8, 38
Euripides (480-406 B. C.)> Greek tra-
gedian: at the court of Archelaus,
2, 456
Europe, First Gentlemen of: see
George IV, King of England
Europe, The Gold Mine of: see Tran-
sylvania
Europe, The Granary of: see Hun-
gary
Europe, The Jewel of: see Sicily
Europe, The Nestor of: see Leopold
I, King of Belgium
Europe, The Scourge of: see Na-
poleon (I) Bonaparte, Emperor of
the French
Eurybiades (ca. 480 B. C), Spartan
admiral: sketch of, 2, 186, 199
Eurymedon, river in Asia Minor:
battle of the, 2, 234
Eurymedon (d. 413 B. C), Athenian
general: at Pylos, 2, 303, 308; tried
and condemned, 313; killed at Syra-
cuse, 344
Eusebia (ca. 350 A. D.), Empress of
Rome, wife of Constantine: shows
favor to Julian, 4, 127
Eustace (d. 1153), son of Stephen:
character of, 11, 95; death of, 96
Eutaw Springs, South Carolina: bat-
tle of (1781), 23, 282
Euxine, The Queen of the: see Se-
bastopol
Euxine Sea, Russia: Greek settle-
ments on shores of, 2, 80
Evangelical Union, a league of Prot-
estant princes of Germany against
Emperor Rudolph II (1609), 9, 175
Evangeline, an idyllic poem by Long-
fellow: portrays expulsion of Ar-
cadians, 23, 180
Evans, Sir George De Lacy (1787-
1870), British general: his services
in the Spanish cause, 9, 410; in the
Crimean War, 15, 311
Evarts, William Maxwell (1818 ),
American lawyer: counsel in Ge-
neva commission, 24, 885; Secre-
tary of State, 916
Evekhoos, mythical King of Babylon:
reign of, 1, 73
Everett, Edward (1794-1865), Ameri-
can statesman, author, and orator:
makes campaign speeches (1840),
24, 524; nominated for Vice-Presi-
dent, 680; supports Lincoln in con-
test with the South, 715; address at
Gettysburg, 783
Evergreen Pam: see Palmerston,
Henry John Temple, Viscount
Evesham, England: battle of (1265),
11, 141
Evibach, Zwier von (ca. 1648), a
Swiss diplomat at the Minister Con-
ference, 13, 465
Evil-Merodach, King of Babylon, 561-
559 B. C: reign of, 1, 93
Evliya (1611-1680), Turkish historian:
quoted, 14, 215
Evora, University of, Portugal:
founded, 8, 449
Evreux, France: battle of (1364), 9,
103
Ewald, Johan (1743-1781), Danish
lyric poet: sketch of, 16, 202 note
Ewell, Richard Stoddard (1817-1872),
an American general in the Con-
federate service: at Gettysburg, 24,
780; at fall of Richmond, 811
Excelsior State, The: see New York
Exchequer, Court of, in English his-
tory: established, 11, 145
Executions:
B. C.
413. Nicias and Demosthenes, 2,
347
404. Theramenes, 2, 386
316. Olympias, mother of Alexan-
der the Great, 2, 511
87. Gnaeus Octavius, Lucius Cae-
sar, Marcus Antonius, Lucius
Merula and Quintus Catulus, 3,
223
62. Catilinarians, 3, 284
47. Vercingetorix, 3, 307
42. Marcus Tullius Cicero, 4, 15
40. The Sadducees, 1, 409
40. Antigonus, 1, 409
A. D.
33. Sejanus, favorite of Tiberius,
4, 52
240
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
37. Macro, pretorian captain, 4, 56
46. Vercingetorix, 18, 13
ca. 70. Helvidius Priscus, Stoic
philosopher, 3, 82
1268. Conrad of Hohenstaufen and
Frederick of Baden, 18, 170
1280. Conradin of Sicily, 9, 85
1283. Zavisa of Falkenstein, 17, 80
1312. Gaveston, favorite of Ed-
ward II, 11, 153
1320. Magnus, son of Birger Jarl,
16, 107
1327. Hugh le Despenser, the El-
der, 11, 155
1327. Hugh le Despenser, the
Younger, 11, 155
1355- Count of Harcourt, 9, 97
1358. Fabrique of Santiago, 8, 164
1387. John Pomuk, 17, 118
1389. King Lazarus, 14, 36
1392. Prince of Carmania, 14, 38
1404. Earl of Worcester, 11, 193
1405. Archbishop Scrope and
Mowbray, the Earl Marshal, 11,
194
1415. John Huss, 17, 124
1417. Sir John Oldcastle, 11, 196
1424. Robert, Duke of Albany, 12,
291
1431. Joan of Arc, 9, 116, 11, 204
1477. Paul Erizzo, Venetian com-
mander, 14, 85
1477. Hugonet and Imbercourt
Burgundian nobles, 13, 48
1483. Lord Hastings, 11, 220
1483. Sir Richard Grey and Earl
Rivers, 11, 220
1483. Buckingham, 11, 221
1485. Landais, 9, 128
1492. John Walter, 12, 73
1492. Perkin Warbeck, 12, 73
1498. Earl of Warwick, 11, 229
1498. Savonarola, 4, 283
1513. Prince Korkud, 14, 121
1520. Bishop Mads of Strangnas
Erick Johansson Vasa, 16, 150
1521. Antonio Villafaha, Mexican
conspirator, 22, 50
1535- More and Fisher, 11, 255
1536. Anne Boleyn, 11, 256
1540. Catharine Howard, 11, 261
1545. George Wishart, 12, 307
1547. Earl of Surrey, II, 262
1553. Earl of Northumberland, 11,
269
1553- Prince Mustapha, 14, 169
1554. Bishop Hooper, Ridley and
Latimer, 11, 271
1554. Suffolk and Wyatt, 11, 270
1554. Lady Jane Grey and Guilford
Dudley, 11, 270
1566. Alonzo de Avila and Gil
Gonzalez, 22, 124
1568. Counts Egmont and Horn,
Van Straelers and Casambrot, 13,
108
1571. Archbishop Hamilton, 12,
322
1572. Duke of Norfolk, 11, 287
1574. Montgomery, 9, 159
1577. Cuthbert Mayne, 11, 291
1581. Father Campeon, II, 292
1587. Mary Queen of Scots, 9, 162,
11, 294, 12, 326
1593. Barrow, Greenwood, and
Penry (English Separatists), 11,
301
1600. Earl of Essex, 11, 303
1601. Due de Biron, 9, 173
1605. Guy Fawkes, II, 309
1618. Sir Walter Raleigh, 11, 312
1619. John Barneveldt, 13, 199
1625. Duke of Chalais, 9, 184
1627. Chienghwan, 6, 48
1631. Marshal de Marillac, 9, 188
1632. Grand Vizier Hafiz, 14, 217
1641. Earl of Strafford, 11,-339, 12,
113
1645. T'ang Wang, 6, 56
1645. Ch'ang Wang, 6, 56
1649. Charles I of England, 11,
361, 12, 342
1650. James Graham, Earl of Mon-
brose, 12, 342
1650. Marquis of Hamilton, 12, 342
1661. Duke of Argyle, 12, 344
1672. The De Witts, 13, 238
1683. Lord Russell, 11, 414
1683. Algernon Sidney, 11, 415
1685. Duke of Argyle, 12, 350
1689. Shakloviti, Russian conspira-
tor, 15, 31
1706. Augustus II of Livonia, 15,
46
GENERAL INDEX
241
1716. Earl of Derwentwater, 12,
369
1718. Gortz, Swedish minister, 15,
67
1718. Prince Alexis of Russia, 15,
77
1721. Glebov, Kikin, and Ignatier,
15, 76
J 735- Minicki, a Russian conspira-
tor, 15, in
1736. Volinski, Yeropkin, and
Khrustchov, Russian statesmen,
15, no
1745. General Ma, 6, 86
1746. Charles Radcliffe, 12, 369
1747. Simon Fraser, Lord Lovat,
12, 369
1753- Dr. Cameron, brother of
Lochiel, 12, 369
1780. Major Andre, 23, 277
1784. Anton Joseph Suter, 13, 500
1789. Xavier, South American pa-
triot, 20, 106
1793. Louis XVI of France, 8, 482,
9, 282, 10, 237, 17, 281
1793- Charlotte Corday, 10, 268
1793. Marie Antoinette, 9, 287, 10,
279
1793. Philip Egalite, 9, 287
1793. Barnave, Duport-Dutertre,
Generals Hauchard, Custine, Bi-
ron, and Beauharnais, 9, 287
J 793- Brissot, Vergniaud, Gen-
sonne, Fonfrede, Ducos, Valaze,
Lasource, Sillery, Gardieu, Carra,
Duprat Beauvais, Duchatel
Mainvielle, Lacaze, Boileau, Le-
hardy, Antiboul, Vigee (Girond-
ists), 10, 279
x 793- Generals Custine and Beau-
harnais, 10, 279
1793. Sallas, Gaudet, and Barba-
roux (Girondists), xo, 279
1793. Madame Roland and Con-
dorcet, 10, 280
1794. Minister Ho, 6, 114
1794. Hebert and Clootz, 9, 288,
10, 292
1794. Ronsin, Monmoro, and Vin-
cent, 10, 292
1794. Marshals Noailles and
Maille, Ministers Machault and
Laverdi, Lavoisier, Lamoignon,
D' Epremesnil, Thouret, and
Chapelier, 9, 289
1794. Danton, 9, 288, 10, 295
1794. Philippeaux, Desmoulins, and
Lacroix, 10, 295
1794. Cecile Renaud, 10, 301
1794. Robespierre, 9, 291, 10, 318,
11, 543
1795. Bourbotte, Duroy, Soubrany,
Romme, Goujon, Duquesnoy, 10,
340
1798. Henry Munro, Irish insur-
gent, 12, 213
1803. Robert Emmet, 12, 218
1804. Georges Cadoubal, French
politician, 9, 322
1818. Arbuthnot and Ambrister,
23, 444
1835. Fieschi, Marcy, and Pepin,
French conspirators, 9, 408
1836. Alibaud, French fanatic, 9,
409
1858. Orsini, Pieri, Rudio, and Go-
mez, conspirators against Na-
poleon III, 9, 449
1859. John Brown, 24, 675
1861. Shu Shun, 6, 188
1865. General Maldonada, 21, 114
1867. Maximilian, Emperor of
Mexico, 22, 397, 24, 877
1867. Miramon and Mejia, imperi-
alist commanders, 22, 397
1882. C. J. Guiteau, 24, 935
1885. Riel, French Canadian rebel,
20, 173
1898. Chinese reformers, 6, 278
Exilaratus (d. 744 A. D.), governor of
Naples: marches against Rome, 4,
170
Exodus of the Israelites, The: date
of, 1, 28
Expansion, Territorial:
ARMENIA: (75~74 B. C), under
King Tigranes, 3, 257
ASSYRIA: (745-727 B. C), under
Tiglath Pileser, 1, 183, 186; (722 B.
C), Babylon, 394; (717 B. C), Car-
chemish, 85; (670 B. C), Egypt, 30;
(638 A. D.), Syria, 284; (640-711 A.
D.), Africa, 1, 290, 19, 11; (651 A.
D.), Persia, 1, 265, 2, 533; (710 A.
D.), beyond River Oxus, 1, 265;
(712 A. D.), Spain, 1, 315, 8, 63;
242
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
(714-1526), conquests in India, 5,
88; (721 A. D.), southern France, 1,
3355 (1453), Constantinople, 2, 536;
(I4S3), Greece, 2, 538
AUSTRIA: (1477), Netherlands,
13, 409, 17, 175; (1477), in Bur-
gundy and Italy, 17, 175; (1500),
Gorica, Gradiska, Mitterburg, and
the Pusterthal, 173; (1526), Bohe-
mia and Hungary, 17, 3, 176, 194;
(1657-1705), Tyrol, Hungary, Cro-
atia, Slavonia, and Transylvania,
183; (1713-1714), Milan, Naples,
Sardinia, and Netherlands, 8, 401,
17, 191, 18, 316; (1718), Belgrade,
Semendria, Rinnik, Krasova, Little
Wallachia, 14, 292; (1735), Parma
and Piacenza, 18, 324; (1772), Podo-
lia, Sandomir, Cracow, Wieliczka,
and Bochnia, 17, 248; (1774), Bu-
kovina, 249; (1795), part of Poland,
18, 359; (1797), Dalmatia, Istria,
and part of Venice, 17, 283, 18, 361;
(1805), Duchy of Salzburg, 17, 294;
(1814), Lombardy, 9, 359; (1821),
Lombardy, Venetia, Illyria, Dal-
matia, the Tyrol, Salzburg, Galicia,
18, 391; (1878), Bosnia and Herze-
govnia, 14, 488, 17, 420
BABYLON: (3800 B. C), under
Sargon, 1, 75; (2250 B. C), under
Hammurabi, 77
BAVARIA: (951 A. D.), Verona,
Pavia, Milan, 18, 112; (1805), the
Tyrol, Passau, Trent, Bruxen, Eich-
stadt, 10, 466
BELGIUM: (1886-1906), posses-
sions in Africa, 13, 311, 19, 118
CHILI: (1883), Tacna, Arica, and
Tarapaca, 21, 238; (1884), Bolivian
territory ceded, 238
CHINA: (1752-1761), in India, 5,
109
DENMARK: (1182-1202), Pome-
rania, Hamburg, Liibeck, Holstein,
Lauenburg, and Mecklenburg, 16,
83; (1219-1223), Ditmarsh, Schwerin,
Rygen, Esthonia, Oesel, 86; (1733),
Island of St. Croix, 20, 297; (1814),
Lauenberg, 16, 258
EGYPT: (2332 B. C), under Usert-
sen III, I, 19; (1300-1324 B. C), un-
der Rameses II, 26, 27; (1833).
Syria, Damascus, Aleppo, 15, 292
ENGLAND: (1149), acquisition of
Aquitaine, 9, 74; (1171), Ireland, 12,
51; (i347) possession of Calais, 11,
162; 1360, Aquitaine, Calais, and
Ponthieu, 166; (1536), Newfound-
land and Cape Breton Island, 20,
49; (1607), Virginia, 20, 84, 23, 53,
575 (1613), Acadia, 20, 83; (1620),
Plymouth colony, 20, 84, 23, 83;
(1622), New Hampshire, 23, 95;
(1629), Massachusetts Bay colony,
87; (1632), Maryland, 68; (1633),
Connecticut, 91; (1637), Rhode
Island, 94; (1639), Madras, 5, 178;
(1653), North Carolina, 23, 72,;
(1662), possession of Tangier and
Bombay, 5, 164, II, 384; (1664), New
Netherlands conquered, 20, 64, 23,
104; (1667), South Carolina, 23, 74;
(1673), St. Helena, 20, 263; (1681),
Pennsylvania, 23, no; (1700-1805),
in India, 5, 178; (1713), Gibraltar,
Minorca, Nova Scotia, Newfound-
land, and St. Christopher, 8, 401, 9,
224, 11, 464, 20, 253; (1713), New-
foundland and Nova Scotia, 20, 86,
23, 162; (1733), Georgia, 20, 85, 23,
80; (1748), Madras, 9, 242; (1759),
Quebec and Montreal, 20, 118; 1763,
large portion of Louisiana, Canada,
and Cape Breton, Hanover, Port
St. Philip, Florida, and Ohio Valley,
9, 247, 11, 505, 20, 76, 86, 120, 23,
198; (1788), Australia, 20, 132;
( I 795) Cape Colony, 19, 38; (1800-
1906), in India, 20, 250; (1800-1906),
in South Africa, 218; (1800-1906),
in the South Seas, 180; (1806), Cape
Colony, 143; (1810), Guadeloupe,
143; (1810), islands in the Indian
Ocean, 263; (1814), Cape of Good
Hope, Isle of France, Malta, and
Heligoland, 9, 359, io, 499; 20, 253;
(1815-1872), in Canada, Australasia,
and South Africa, 11, 629; (1850),
Danish settlements in Africa, 19,
49; (1861), Lagos, Africa, 49; (1865),
Kaffraria, 51; (1871), Dutch terri-
tory in Africa, 49; (1871), Basuto-
land, 51; (1876), Island of Sokotra,
GENERAL INDEX
243
56; (1877-1890), in Central and
South Africa, 80, 214; (1878), Cy-
prus, 20, 253; (1884), territory north
of Cape Colony and west of Trans-
vaal, 19, 81; (1884), in Lake Nyasa
region, 84; (1886-1906), in British
East Africa, 19, 182
FRANCE: (1202-1205), conquest of
Normandy, Maine, Anjou, Touraine,
Poitou, Valvis, Auvergne, 9, 79;
(1258), Languedoc and Provence,
83; (1477), duchy of Burgundy, 13,
409; (1490), Brittany, 11, 226;
(1538), in Italy, 9, 143; (i547),
Metz, Toul, and Verdun, 146; (1558),
Calais, II, 273; (1562-1628), settle-
ment in America, 23, 46; (1601),
Bresse, Bugey, and De Gex, 9, 172;
(1608), region of Ht. Lawrence, 20,
49, 84; (1625), settlements in Mar-
tinique, 68; (1648), Lorraine, Metz,
Toul, Verdun, southern Alsace, 18,
293; (1660), Guadaloupe, Marti-
nique, Grenada, io, 76; (1678),
Alsace, 9, 212; (1697), Longwy and
Sarrelouis, 219; (1698), after Hague
partition, 8, 384, 385; (1700), New
France, 20, 85; (1713), Lille, Aire,
Bethune, and Saint Venant, 9, 224;
(1714), Landau and left bank of
Rhine, 225; (1792), Savoy and Nice,
4> 343! ( I 79S)> Dutch Flanders, 10,
400; (1796), in Italy, 9, 298, 299;
(1796), in Germany, 299; (i797),
Netherlands annexed, 13, 264;
(i797). Ionian Islands, 14, 384;
(i797) in Belgium and Italy, 10,
385, 17, 283, 18, 361; (1798),
Geneva annexed, 10, 399; (i799)>
in Egypt, 9, 309; (1800), in Italy,
10, 440; (1800-1906), in India, 20,
271; (1800-1896), in Africa, 20,
280; (1801), left bank of Rhine,
9, 317; (1801), Louisiana, 20, 26;
(1805), Cleves, Neufchatel, Anspach,
Berg, 9, 326, 10, 469; (1805),
Piedmont, Piacenza, and Parma, 10,
466; (1807), provinces on left of the
Elbe, 9, 331; (1809), Croata, Carin-
ola, Trieste, Carinthia, 10, 480;
(1810), Holland, 9, 38; (1830), Al-
geria, 20, 280; (1840), Island of
Mayotte, 19, 212; (i860), Savoy and
Nice, 9, 451; (1865), Algeria, 19, 48;
(1881), Tunis, 80; (1884), territory
between the Congo and the coast,
*9> 50; (1894), territory on the
Niger, 167; (1899), Bagirmi, Wadai,
Kanem, Borku, Tibesti, 168
GAUL: (486-511), conquests by
Clovis, 9, 19
GREECE: (743-560 B. C), Spartan
conquests, 2, 70; (1881), accessions
from Turkey, 2, 549
HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE and
GERMANY: (796 A. D.) con-
quest of Avars, 17, 38; (768-814 A.
D.) under Charles the Great, 9,
41, 46, 18, 85; (800 A. D.), annexa-
tion of Switzerland, 13, 340; (1032),
Burgundy, 18, 126; (1438), Austria,
Hungary, and Bohemia united, 17,
106; (1526), acquisition of Flanders,
Artois and Burgundy, 9, 140; (1538),
in Italy, 143; (1713-1714), Naples,
Milan and Spanish Netherlands, 9,
225; 11, 464; (1714), Freiburg, Old
Breisach and Kehl, 18, 316; (1748),
Bergen-op-Zoom, 9, 240; (1797),
Venice, Istria, and Dalmatia, 303;
( 1 800-1906), in Africa, 20, 300;
(1864), in Africa, 19, 94; (1865-
1906), in German West Africa, 173;
(1871), Alsatia, eastern Lorraine,
Metz, and Thionville, 18, 426;
(1884), Angra Pequena, 19, 104;
(1884-1885), German East Africa,
136; (1894), territory on the Niger,
167
ITALY: (1867), Venice, 9, 455;
(1875-1906), in Africa, 19, 207
MACEDON: (354 B. C), under
Philip, 2, 462; (336-323 B. C), .un-
der Alexander the Great, 2, 483;
(327-323 B. C), in India, 5, 65; (323
B. C), Persia, 314
NETHERLANDS: (i595), posses-
sions in East Indies, 13, 167, 20,
56; (1607), the Moluccrs, 57; (1609),
New York, 23, 101; (1621-1624), in
Brazil, 20, 59; 21, 33; (1800-1906),
in East Indies, 13, 320, 321, 20, 288;
(1800-1906), in West Indies, 20, 285
NORWAY: (1241), Iceland, 16, 99
PERSIA: (539 B. C). of Babylon,
1, 401; (349-516 B. C.) under Cyrus
244
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
and Darius, 2, 119; (218 A. D.), un-
der Artaxerxes, 5, 315; (531-579 A.
D.)> under Shah Khusru, 319
PORTUGAL: (1450-1580), in Af-
rica, 20, 40; (ca. 1500), in India, 39;
(1500), Brazil, 43; (1557-1640),
Congo, Angola, Guinea, Calicut, Co-
chin, Ormuz, Cananor, Chaul, Ba-
zain, Daman, Malabar, Brazil, Cey-
lon, Malacca, and Moluccas, 8, 461;
(1890), Angola colony extended, 19,
irp
PRUSSIA: (1719-1720), Stettin,
Pomerania, Wismar, Stralsund, and
Rugen, 18, 318; (1721), Swedish
Pomerania, Rygen, Usedom, Stet-
tin, and Dantzig, 16, 226; (1741),
Silesia, II, 485, 17, 241, 18, 330;
(*793)> Dantzic, Thorn, and South
Prussia, 15, 383; (1795), part of Po-
land, 18, 359; (1805), Hanover, 9,
326, 10, 469; (1814), Saxony, Swed-
ish Pomerania, and territory be-
tween Rhine and Meuse, 9, 359, 16,
258; (1821), Posen, Westphalia,
Swedish Pomerania, part of Saxony,
Mayence, Treves, and Cologne, and
territory on Lower Rhine, 18, 391;
(1866), Hanover, Hesse-Cassel,
Nassau, Schleswig-Holstein, and
Frankfort, 18, 413
ROME: (500-290 B. C), Italy, 3,
62; (238 B. C), after First Punic
War, 106, 107; (218-202 B. C), dur-
ing Second Punic War, in; (218 B.
C), Spain, 8, 16; (195 B. C.) Spain,
3, 135; (102 B. C.-9 A. D.), in Ger-
many, 18, 5; (88-84 B. C), during
Mithradatic War, 3, 213; (62 B. C),
in Gaul, 9, 8; (63 B. C), Syria, 2,
522; (58-51 B. C), in Gaul, 3, 292,
13, 329; (54 B. C), Britain, 9, 9, 11,
7; (50 B. C), Netherlands, 13, 5;
(30 B. C), Egypt, 1, 35, 2, 522, 19,
9; (13 B. C.-104 A. D.), Valley of
the Danube, 17, 13; (10 B. C.) in
Gaul, 4, 42; (78 A. D.), North
Wales, 83; (100-106 A. D.), terri-
tory beyond the Danube, 88
RUSSIA: (1462-1505), Tver, Ros-
tov, and Yaroslav, 15, 13; (1667),
Kiev, 22; (1721), Livonia, Esthonia,
Ingermannland, and Karelia, 22, 65,
68; (1739), in Moldavia and Bes-
sarabia, 14, 316; (1743), eastern
Finland, 16, 228; (1772), White
Russia, Mstislavl, Witebsk, and ter-
ritory beyond Dnieper, 15, 173;
(1774), Azov, Kertch, Yenikale, and
Kinburn, 180; (1783), Crimea, 14,
345J (1783), Tartar territory, 347;
(1793), Lithuania, 15, 383; 0795),
part of Poland, 18, 359; (1808), Fin-
land and Danubian principalities,
375; (1809), Galicia and Warsaw,
377; (1814), Duchy of Warsaw, 9,
359; (1821), Warsaw, 18, 391;
(1829) Anapa and Poti, 15, 287;
(1832), Poland, 296; (1878), Batum,
Ardahan, Kars, and Bayezid, 337
SARDINIA: (i735), Tortona and
Novara, 18, 324; (1748), Novara and
Vigerano, 4, 336, 17, 242, 18, 332;
(1815), Genoa, 4, 351; (1821), Sa-
voy, 18, 391
SAVOY: (1000), Susa and Turin, 4,
272; (1 188-1253), under Thomas I
and Amadeus IV, 273; (1253-1268),
in Switzerland and Provence, 274;
(1285), Piedmont, 275; (1416), Chab-
lois, Aosta, Geneva, 277; (1713),
Sicily, 8, 401, 9, 224
SPAIN: (1492), Hayti, 20, 37;
(1504), Naples, 4, 291; (1510), Cuba,
Porto Rico, Jamaica, 20, 43; (1516
1713), in South America, 31, 17;
(1519-1521), Mexico, 20, 43, 21, 17,
22, 12, 23, 39; (1521), Philippine
Islands, 20, 51; (1525), Peru, 45;
(1541), Chile, 50; (1580), Portugal,
8, 366, 424, 20, 55; (1735), Naples
and Sicily, 18, 324; (1748), Parma,
Guastalla, and Placentia, 8, 412, 17,
242, 18, 332; (1763), Louisiana, 11,
505, 20, 120, 23, 198; (1783), Flori-
das, Minorca, Tobago, and Goree, 8,
417, 11, 523, 20, 128, 167
SWEDEN: (1617), Karelia and In-
germannland, 15, 22; (1629), Li-
vonia, 22; (1648), western Pom-
erania, Wismar, Stettin, and coast
between Bremen and Hamburg, 18,
293; (1658), Drontheim, Aggerhus,
Skaania, Halland, Bleking, Lesso,
GENERAL INDEX
245
Anhalt, Femern, and Bornholm, 16,
208; (1814), Norway, 9, 359, 16,
258
SWITZERLAND: (1516), acquisi-
tion of Ticino, Valteline, and Cleves,
13, 423
TURKEY: (1361), Adrianople, 14,
29; (1392), in Asia Minor, 38;
(1453), Constantinople, 79; (1456).
in Asia, 84; (1475), Crimea, 84;
(1516), Syria and Egypt, 14, 119,
20, 42; (1520-1566), under Suleiman
the Great, 14, 179; (1533-1554), in
Armenia and Mesopotamia, 158;
(1639), Bagdad, 223; (1718), Morea,
Zarine, Ottova, and Zubzi, 291;
(1800), Venetian territory, 385
UNITED STATES: (1803), Louisi-
ana purchase, 9, 320, 20, 136, 22,
286, 23, 395; (1819-1821), Florida
purchase, 20, 304, 23, 445; (1845),
Texas annexation, 22, 282, 24, 534;
(1848), Mexican cession, 22, 377 ',
24, 595; (1853), Gadsden purchase,
22, 381, 24, 641; (1867), Alaska pur-
chase, 20, 306, 24, 878; (1898), Ha-
waiian Islands annexation, 20, 310,
24, 999; (1899), Porto Rico, 20, 299,
24, 1031; (1899), Philippine Islands,
20, 299, 24, 1033
Explanation, Act of, an act under
which the settlers in Ireland agreed
to give up one-third of their posses-
sions after the Restoration (1665),
12, 129
Eybek (El-Melik-el-Mo'izz) (ca. 1250),
Sultan of Egypt: reign of, 1, 36
Eyck, John van: see John of Bruges
Eylau, Prussia: battle of (1807), 9,
330, 10, 470, 15, 215, 18, 373
Ezekiel (ca. 590 B. C), prophet of
Israel: carried to Babylon, 1, 399
Ezra Church, Georgia: Hood defeated
at, 24, 797
Ezra the Scribe (5th century B. C.)>
prophet of Israel: sketch of, 1, 402
F
Fabius (ist century B. C), lieutenant
of Caesar: his campaigns in Spain,
8, 22
Fabius Maximus, Quintus (d. 203 B.
C), Roman general, called The Lin-
guer and The Shield of Rome: made
dictator, 3, 118; his campaigns
against Hannibal, 119; death of, 130
Fabius Maximus, Quintus, surnamed
Allobrogicus (ca. 125 B. C), Ro-
man general; campaign in Gaul, 9,
7
Fabius of America, The: see Wash-
ington, George
Fabius of Austria, The: see Daun,
Leopold Joseph Maria, Count von
Fabius of France, The: see Montmor-
ency, Anne
Fabius Rullianus, Quintus (d. 290 B.
C), Roman general: defeats Etrus-
cans, 3, 71; at battle of Sentinum,
72
Fabre d' Eglantine, Philippe Frangois
Nazaire (1755-1794), French drama-
tist and revolutionist: leader of Cor-
delier club, 9, 272; death of, 288
Fabri, Friedrich (d. 1891), German
writer: influences German coloniza-
tion efforts, 19, 91
Fabricius (ca. 1600), Austrian official:
accused of inciting the Emperor
Mathias against the Protestants, 17,
201
Factory Act (1877), passed by Swiss
government ameliorating conditions
of laborers (1877), 13, 571
Faddiley, England: battle of (584 A.
D.), II, 25
Fadilla (d. 211 A. D.), daughter of
Marcus Aurelius: death of, 4, 102
Fadinger, Stephen (ca. 1600), Aus-
trian peasant: leads revolt, 18, 271
Fadrique (d. 1358), grand master of
Santiago: remonstrates with Pedro
the Cruel, 8, 162; death of, 164
246
Faenza, Italy: siege of (1240), 13,
358
Faesulae: see Fiesole
Fa-hsien (5th century A. D.), Chinese
Buddhist monk: his expedition to
India, 6, 14
Faidherbe, Louis Leon Cesar (1818-
1889), French general: in the
Franco-Prussian War, 18, 425
Failly, Pierre Louis Charles Achille
de (1810-1892), French general: in
the Franco-Prussian War, 9, 463
Fairbanks, Charles Warren (1852
), American statesman: Vice-
President, 24, 1064
Fairfax, Lieutenant (ca. 1850), Amer-
ican naval commander: in the Trent
Affair, 24, 729
Fairfax, Thomas, Lord (1611-1671),
English general: appointed head of
New Model army, 11, 351
Fairfax, Thomas, Lord (1691-1782),
American colonial planter: employs
Washington, 23, 170
Fairmount Park, Philadelphia: scene
of Centennial Exposition, 24, 903
Faith, Defender of: see Henry VIII,
King of England
Fajardo (ca. 1650), Mexican general:
his campaigns in the Indian rebel-
lion, 22, 168, 169
Falaise, Convention of: concluded be-
tween England and Scotland (1174):
concluded, II, 108, 12, 266; aban-
doned, II, 108
Falcon, Juan Crisostomo (1820-1870),
a Venezuelan general; promotes a
Federalist movement, 21, 97; made
president of Venezuela, 98; reelected
president, 101
Falconet, fitienne Maurice (1716-
1791), French sculptor and writer:
his statue of Peter the Great, 15, 88
Falerii, Etruria, Italy: ally of Rome,
3, 60; war with Rome, 109
GENERAL INDEX
247
Falieri, Marino (1278-1355), Doge of
Venice: treachery of, 4, 248
Falieri, Vitael, Doge of Venice, 1084-
1096: at war with Hungary, 17, 54
Falkirk, Scotland: battles of (1298),
ix, 150, 12, 276; (1746), 11, 488
Falkland, Lord (ca. 1830), English
nobleman: his administration as
governor of New Brunswick, 20,
163
Falkland, Lucius Cary, Viscount
(1610-1643) English commander
leader of religious toleration party,
11, 341; lord deputy of Ireland, 12,
hi
Falkland Islands, in the south At-
lantic Ocean: history of, 20, 249
Falls of Iguazu, South America: de-
scription of, 21, 314
False Coiner, The: see Philip III,
King of France
Famagosta, Cyprus: siege of, 4, 309
Family Compact, a name given to
three treaties in the 18th century
between the French and Spanish
Bourbon dynasties in consequence
of which Spain joined with France
in the war against Great Britain, 5,
187, 8, 414, 416, 9, 247, 11, 480
Fanariote Period, The, during which
the Greek official aristocracy had
. great influence at Constantinople:
14, 294
Faneuil, Peter (1700-1743), American
merchant: engaged in African trade,
23, 136
Fannin, James W. (d. 1836), Amer-
ican soldier: at battle of Mission
Conception, 24, 533
Fanti, Manfredo (1808-1865), Italian
general: in war against Papacy, 4,
381
Far Eastern Question, The, an inter-
national problem relative to the
spheres of influence in farther Asia
and the Pacific: Philippine Islands
discovered (1521), 8, 332, 20, 51, 23,
37; British East India Company es-
tablished (1599), 5, 158, 11, 501, 20,
59; Dutch East India Company es-
tablished (1602), 5, 154, 13, 166, 167,
20, 56; the Moluccas conquered by
the Dutch (1607), 20, 57; first Dan-
ish East India Company organized
(1612), 5, 171; Batavia founded by
the Dutch (1618), 20, 57; Massacre
of Amboyna (1623), 5, 154, 162, 20,
59; Madras obtained by the British
(1639), 5, 163, 11, 502, 20, 62; Treaty
of Munster excludes Spain from
Eastern trade (1648), 13, 217; 20,
114; Dutch drive the Portuguese out
of Ceylon (1658), 5, 155, 20, 113;
Cochin becomes Dutch property
(1662), 20, 112; French East India
Company established (1664), 5, 169,
9, 214, 20, 114; Surat, India, settled
by the French (1668), 20, 114; sec-
ond Danish East India Company
organized (1670), 5, 171; United
Company of Merchants Trading to
the East Indies chartered (1698), 5,
159, 20, 63; Pegu becomes Dutch
property (1719), 20, 112; French
take possession of the Isle of
France (1720), 115; effect of the
Definitive Treaty of 1763, or Treaty
of Paris, 5, 181, 9, 247, II, 505, 20,
120; British colonies in the South
Sea (1800-1906), 20, 180; Napoleon
I of France signs treaty of alliance
with Persia (1807), 5, 205; England
sends embassies to the Punjab, Af-
ghanistan, and Persia (1807-1813),
205; Amboyna annexed to the Brit-
ish Empire (1809), 205; the Moluc-
cas annexed to the British Empire
(1810), 205; the commercial colony
of Victoria established by England
on the island of Hong-Kong (1841),
6, 135, 20, 255; Marquesas Islands
annexed by France (1842), 20, 276;
New Caledonia seized by the French
(1853), 275; Pago Pago ceded by
Samoan natives to the United
States (1872), 20, 321, 24, 997; Brit-
ish New Guinea annexed to the
British Empire (1874), 20, 256; Eng-
land extends her protection over
the Federated Malay States (last
quarter of 19th century), 252;
Kaiser Wilhelm's Land and Bis-
marck Archipelago annexed by
Germany (1884), 302; France es-
tablishes a protectorate in Indo-
China (1885 and 1893), 273; Mar-
248
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
shall Islands annexed by Germany
(1885), 302; North Borneo made a
British protectorate (1888), 255;
Japan and Russia in Korea and
Manchuria (1893-1904), 7, 275, 15,
358; Germany's discontent with the
situation (1895), 15, 346; Russia's
power (1896), 348, 350; Anglo-
French Agreement (1896), 20, 274;
England leases territory from
China at Hong-Kong (1898), 255;
Russia leases Port Arthur and Ta-
lien-wan (1898), 6, 272, 296, 7, 277,
20, 255; England leases port and
bay of Wei-hai-wei (1898), 6, 272,
7, 278, 20, 256; Bay of Kwang-Chan
leased to France by China (1898),
6, 272, 20, 274; Hawaiian Islands
annexed by the United States
(1898), 20, 310, 24, 1034; Caroline
Islands, Pelew Islands, and La-
drone Islands purchased by Ger-
many (1898), 20, 302; two largest
islands of the Samoan group added
to the Germa Empire (1898-1899),
20, 302, 24, 978; Guam and the
Philippine Islands annexed by the
United States (1898), 20, 316, 24,
1032; German-American Agreement
(1900), 20, 321; Anglo-French Agree-
ment (1904), 274; Cochin-China un-
der full French sovereignty, 274;
present possessions of France in the
Pacific, 276; present status of Por-
tugal, 298
Farce, The Fifteen Years': see French
Revolution
Farel, William (1489-1565), French
reformer and preacher in Switzer-
land, 13, 447
Fargeau, Lepelletier (d. 1793), French
revolutionist: death of, 10, 240
Farias, Valentin Gomez (1 781-1858)
Mexican politician: elected vi^e-
president of Mexico, 22, 271, 315;
character of, 317
Farini, Carlo Luigi (1812-1866), Ital-
ian historian, statesman, and orator:
joins Garibaldi in Sicilian campaign,
4, 378
Farmer (ca. 1675), English scholar:
candidate for presidency of Magda-
len College, 11, 426
Farmer George: see George III,
King of England
Farmers' Alliance Party, in United
States politics, an organization de-
voted to the interests of farmers
(1873): in election (1888), 24, 966
Farnbuhler (ca. 1500), Swiss patriot:
leads insurrection, 13, 416
Farnese, Alessandro, Duke of Parma
( 1 547-1 592), a general in the Span-
ish service: marriage of, 13, 85; his
campaigns in the Netherlands, II,
289, 291, 13, 130, 145; his relation to
the assassination of the Prince of
Orange, 13, 144; his campaigns in
France, 8, 356, 9, 167
Farnese, Alessandro: see Paul III
Farnese, Ottavio (1 520-1 586), Duke
of Parma 1547-1586: at war with
Pope Julius III and Emperor
Charles V, 9, 145
Farnsburg, Switzerland: siege of
(1444), 13, 401
Farragut, David Glasgow, an Ameri-
can naval officer: born at Campbell's
Station, Tennessee, July 5, 1801;
was adopted by David Porter; ob-
tained an appointment as midship-
man in the United States navy,
1810; served under Porter on the
" Essex " when that vessel was cap-
tured by the " Phcebe " and the
" Cherub " in the harbor of Valpa-
raiso, March 28, 1814; was made
lieutenant, 1825, commander, 1841,
and captain, 1855; captured New Or-
leans, 1862, destroying the Confed-
erate fleet and compelling the sur-
render of Fort Jackson and Fort
St. Philip; made an attack on the
batteries of Vicksburg, 1862, suc-
ceeded in passing them but found
the city impregnable from the river;
was made rear-admiral, 1862; was
engaged in operations against Port
Hudson, March to July, 1863; put
an end to the blockade-running at
Mobile by passing the forts which
guarded the city and capturing the
Confederate ironclad " Tennessee,"
August, 1864; Congress created the
office of vice-admiral for him, De-
cember, 1864, and that of admiral,
GENERAL INDEX
249
1866; commanded the European
Squadron, 1867; died at Portsmouth,
New Hampshire, August 14, 1870
Opens the lower Mississippi, 24,
750; victory in Mobile Bay, 798; po-
litical effect of his victories, 801
Farthings, War of, an armed revolt
of the Swiss peasants against the
town of Basle, 13, 469
Fashoda Episode, The, the question
of the possession of Fashoda, Af-
rica (1898), 11, 639
Fasi (ca. 1779), a Swiss geographer
and scientist: sketch of, 13, 494
Fassineto, Italy: battle of (1859), 4
373
Fatehpur Sikri, India: battle of
(1527), 5, 109
Fath AH, shah of Persia, 1797-1834:
reign of, 5, 351
Father and Friend of the People,
The: see Henry IV, King of France
Father Fritz: see Frederick (II) the
Great, King of Prussia
Father of English Commerce: see
Edward III, King of England
Father of English Poetry: see Chau-
cer, Geoffrey
Father of his Country, The: see Au-
gustus, Roman emperor; also, Cic-
ero, Marcus Tullius; also, Medici,
Cosmo de'; also, Doria, Andrea; also
Caesar, Julius; also Louis XVIII,
King of France; and also Washing-
ton, George
Father of his People, The: see Louis
XII, King of France
Father of History, The: see Herod-
otus
Father of Letters, The: see Louis
XII, King of France: also Francis
I, King of France; and also, Medici,
Lorenzo de'
Father of Roman Philosophy, The:
see Cicero, Marcus Tullius
Father of the Constitution: see Madi-
son, James
Father of the People, The: see Chris-
tian III, King of Denmark
Father Violet: see Napoleon (I) Bon-
aparte, Emperor of the French
Fatima (606-632 A. D.), daughter of
Mohammed: marriage of, 1, 240;
death of, 242
Fatimite Caliphs, an Arabian dynasty,
909-1 171: rise of, 1, 339
Fatio, Pierre (ca. 1705), Swiss lawyer:
leads reform movement in Geneva,
13, 498
Faughart, Ireland: battle of (1318),
12, 61
Faur, Louis of (ca. 1559), a French
Protestant leader: persecution of,
9, 149
Faustina (104-141 A. D.), Roman
Empress, wife of Antoninus: kind-
ness of Antoninus toward, 4, 96
Faustinus I, Emperor of Hayti: see
Solouque
Faustus Sulla (88-46 B. C), Roman
soldier: arrival in Africa, 3, 359;
death, 359
Fava, Baron, Italian diplomat: am-
bassador to United States (1892),
24, 976
Favier, Bishop, Catholic prelate in Pe-
king: quoted, 6, 299
Favila, King of Asturias and Leon,
737-739 A. D.: reign of, 8, 130
Favored Child of Victory, The: see
Massena, Andre
Favorite, France: battle of (1797), 9,
302
Favras, Thomas de Mahy, Marquis de
(1744-1790), French conspirator:
plans abduction of the French king,
10, 115
Favre (ca. 1870), a Swiss engineer:
builds the St. Gotthard Railway, 13,
574
Favre, Gabriel Claude Jules (1809-
1880), French statesman and orator:
in the elections of 1869, 9, 458; pro-
claims the third republic, 466; made
a member of the provisional gov-
ernment, 467; quoted, 18, 424
Fawkes, Guy (1570-1606), English
conspirator: joins plot against
James I of England, II, 308
Fayetteville, North Carolina: Confed-
erates seize arsenal, 24, 691
Fazy, James (1796-1878), Swiss states-
man and journalist: establishes the
Radical party in Geneva, 13, 550
250
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
February Revolution, in French his-
tory, the revolution of 1848, 16,
269
Federal Bankruptcy Act, in United
States history, an act providing for
both voluntary and involuntary
bankruptcy (1898), 24, 1020
Federal Bureau of Immigration and
Naturalization, in United States:
created, 24, 1083
Federal City: see Washington, D. C.
Federal Hall, New York City: scene
of first Presidential inauguration,
33, 34i
Federal Pact, The, a Federal constitu-
tion for Switzerland (1815), 13, 527
Federalist, The, a collection of papers
written on the topics of the day by
Hamilton, Madison, and Jay: pub-
lished, 23, 335
Federalists, American political party:
origin of, 23, 335; strength in first
congress, 343; growth, 355; John
Adams leader of, 370; reach height
of power, 376; unpopular enactments
of, 376; New England chief seat of,
431; change grounds with republi-
cans in New England, 433; fall of,
433; service to the nation, 433; last
nomination of, 434; absorbed by
Whigs, 434; change ground with
Republicans on bank question, 439;
end of, 459
Federated Malay States: history of,
20, 252
Federation Alsacienne, a French fra-
ternal association: formed (1789),
10, 120
Federation de l'Est, French associa-
tion: formed (1790), 10, 120
Federation de l'Etoile, French asso-
ciation: formed (1789), 10, 120
Federation de Lyons, Fiench associa-
tion: formed (1790), 10, 120
Fehrbellin, Prussia: battle of (1675),
16, 211, 18, 301
Fei, Chinese military officer: com-
mander-in-chief of army (1695-
1696), 6, 70
Feijo, Antonio, Bishop of Mariana
(1784-1843), Brazilian priest and
statesman: made regent of Brazil,
21, 169
Fejervary, Baron (living), Hungarian
statesman: made premier of Hun-
gary (1905), 17. 445
Felbinger (ca. 1774), Silesian educa-
tor: summoned to Vienna, 17, 261
Feleciano, Senator (ca. 1840), South
American patriot: leads insurrection
in Minas Geraes, 21, 170
Felice Peretti: see Sixtus V
Felipe, Don (ca. 1260), brother of
Alfonso X of Spain: revolt of, 8,
108; becomes regent for Alfonso
XI, 159
Felipe: see Philip .
Felix (I), Saint, Bishop of Rome, 269-
274: martyred, 13, 334
Felix II (d. 365), Pope, 335-358: made
Bishop of Rome by Constantius, 4,
125
Felix V (Amadeus VIII of Savoy)
(1383-1451), Pope, 1440-1449: acces-
sion of, 4, 277; pontificate of, 18,
213
Felix, Antonius, Roman procurator of
Judea, 55-60 A. D.: misgovernment
of, 1, 410
Fellenberg, Emanuel von (1 771-1844),
Swiss philanthropist and educator:
sketch of, 13, 522; aids Pestalozzi,
523
Felton, John (d. 1628), English as-
sassin: kills the Duke of Bucking-
ham, 11, 325
Feltre, Henri Jacques Guillaume
Clarke, Duke of (1765-18 18),
French general and statesman:
made minister of war, 9, 360, 367
Feng Tai, China: Boxer outrages at,
6, 300
Feng-hwang-cheng, China : captured
by Japanese, 7, 309, 15, 361
Feng-shui (Wafangao) Pass, Japan:
captured by the Japanese, 7, 310
Fenian Brotherhood, an association
of Irishmen: organized, 12, 234;
rising of, XI, 625
Feodor (I) Ivanovitch (1557-1598),
Tsar of Moscow, 1584-1598: reign
of, 15, 18; Sweden refuses to make
peace with, 16, 167
Feodor (II) Alexievitch (1580-1605),
Tsar of Moscow, 1605: reign of, 15,
GENERAL INDEX
251
Feofan Prokopovitch, Bishop of Nov-
gorod (b. 1681), Russian ecclesiastic
and statesman: sketch of, 15, 72
Ferag ben Ferag (ca. 1568), Spanish
rebel: leader of Moriso revolt, 8,
367
Feraud (ca. 1795), French deputy:
killed by the insurgents, 10, 337;
condemnation and rescue of his
murderer, 339
Ferdinand I (1503-1564), Holy Roman
Emperor, 1556-1561: betrothed to
Anne of Hungary, 17, 168, 175; mar-
ries Anne of Hungary, 176, 18, 231;
claims crown of Hungary, 14, 152;
proclaimed king of Hungary, 17,
216; reign of, as King of Bohemia
and of Hungary, 176, 194; accession
to German possessions of the House
of Hapsburg, 18, 242; calls second
Diet of Speyer, 246; elected to Ger-
man crown, 249; accession to
imperial crown, 4, 307, 9, 147, 13.
59, 18, 260; reign of, as emperor,
*7> 1 77'> opposes the Reformation,
*3> 443> x 8, 245; seeks peace with
Turkey, 14, 159; unites with Mau-
rice of Saxony, 18, 258; his rela-
tions with Suleiman, 261; death of,
17, 179, 18, 262
Ferdinand II (1578-1637), Holy Ro-
man Emperor, 1619-1637: persecutes
the Protestants, 18, 265; works in
behalf of Catholicism in Styria, 17,
180; recognized as heir to Bohemian
throne, 201; becomes King of Bo-
hemia, 18, 267; reign of, as King
of Bohemia, 17, 206; reign of, as
King of Hungary, 225; accession of,
to imperial throne, 9, 189, 17, 204;
reign of, as emperor, 17, 182, 18,
269; death of, 9, 192, 18, 290
Ferdinand III (1608-1657), Holy Ro-
man Emperor, 1637-1657: his cam-
paigns in the Thirty Years' War, 9,
190, 18, 288; crowned King of Bo-
hemia, 17, 209; reign of, as King
of Bohemia, 212; reign of, as King
of Hungary, 227; reign of, as Em-
peror, 17, 182, 18, 290
Ferdinand (I) the Just (1379-1416),
King of Aragon and of Sicily, 1412-
1416: accession to throne of Ara-
gon, 8, 260
Ferdinand II, King of Aragon: see
Ferdinand V, King of Spain
Ferdinand I (1793-1875), Emperor of
Austria, 1835-1848: his accession to
the thrones of Hungary and Bo-
hemia, 17, 3; crowned King of Hun-
gary, 338; reign of, 17, 345, 18, 396;
abdication of, 17, 371, 377
Ferdinand (I) the Great (d. 1065),
King of Leon and Castile: reign of,
8, 140; defeats Bermudo of Leon,
200
Ferdinand II (d. 1188), King of Leon,
1157-1188: reign of, 8, 146
Ferdinand (III) the Saint (ca. 1200-
1252), King of Leon and Castile:
birth, 8, 100; campaigns against the
Moors, 102, 104; accession to throne
of Castile, 150; accession to throne
of Leon, 151
Ferdinand IV (1285-1312), King of
Leon and Castile, 1295-1312: reign
of, 8, 157
Ferdinand V, King of Castile: see
Ferdinand V, King of Spain
Ferdinand (V) the Catholic, King of
Spain (V of Castile, II of Aragon
and Sicily, and III of Naples); born
at Sos, Spain, March 10, 1452; was
associated with his father, John II
of Aragon in the government of
that kingdom, 1466, and made King
of Sicily, 1468; married Isabella of
Castile, 1469; was proclaimed joint
sovereign of Castile with Isabella
on the death of Henry IV in 1474;
fought the battle of Toro, 1476, in
defense of their rights against Al-
fonso V of Portugal who unsuc-
cessfully supported the claims of
Juana, daughter of Henry IV; suc-
ceeded to the throne of Aragon,
1479; established the Inquisition at
Seville (1480); was at war with the
Moors, 1482-1492; expelled the Jews
from his kingdoms, 1492; listened to
Columbus's schemes, 1492, and sanc-
tioned his voyages; joined the coali-
tion against Charles VIII of
France, 1495; ascended the throne
262
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
of Naples, 1504; on the death of
Isabella, 1504, was proclaimed re-
gent of Castile; invaded Navarre and
conquered it, 1512; incorporated Na-
varre with Castile, 1515; died at
Madrigalejo, Estremadura, Spain,
January 23, 1516
Reign of, 8, 185; accession to
throne of Sicily, 267; marries Isa-
bella, 182; accession to throne of
Castile, 183; at war with the Moors,
8, 120, 122, 23, 28; accession to
throne of Aragon, 8, 121, 184, 268;
appoints the Spanish Inquisition, 13,
83 note; patronizes Columbus, 20,
36; wins Naples, 4, 291; concludes
alliance with Louis XII of France,
9, 133; joins Holy League, 11, 236;
conquers Navarre, 8, 216; his rela-
tions with the Church in the colo-
nies, 20, 45
Ferdinand VI (1713-1759), King of
Spain, 1746-1759: reign of, 8, 412;
death of, 22, 199
Ferdinand VII (1784-1833), King of
Spain, 1808, 1814-1833: intrigues of
8, 482, 485; accession of, 9, 332, 21,
54, 22, 230; reign of, 488
Ferdinand I (ca. 1424-1494), King of
Naples, 1458-1494: declared legiti-
mate, 8, 265; accession of, 4, 265, 8,
266; at war with Florence, 4, 269;
reign of, 8, 268
Ferdinand II (1469-1496), King of
Naples and Sicily, 1495-1496: reign
of, 8, 269; flees before Charles VIII
of France, 9, 131
Ferdinand III, King of Naples: see
Ferdinand V, King of Spain
Ferdinand IV, King of Naples: see
Ferdinand I, King of the Two Sici-
lies
Ferdinand I (1 345-1 383), King of Por-
tugal, 1367-1383: reign of, 8, 290
Ferdinand II (1816-1885), Duke of
Saxe-Coburg, titular King of Por-
tugal: marries Maria II of Portu-
gal, 8, 537
Ferdinand I (IV, King of Naples)
(1751-1825), King of the Two Sici-
lies, 1759-1825: accession of, 8, 414;
marries Maria Caroline of Austria,
17, 245; abdicates, 4, 352
Ferdinand (16th century), Archduke
of Austria: given the Tyrol, 17, 179;
labors for the restoration of Ca-
tholicism in the Tyrol, 187
Ferdinand (18th century), Archduke
of Austria: marries the Princess of
Modena, 17, 245
Ferdinand (early 19th century),
Archduke of Austria: his campaigns
against France, 9, 325, 15, 214
Ferdinand (18th century), Duke of
Parma: marries Marie Amelia of
Austria, 17, 245
Ferdinand I (1549-1609), Grand Duke
of Tuscany: patronizes Galileo, 4,
320
Ferdinand (14th century), Infante of
Aragon: rebellion of, 8, 251
Ferdinand (I) of Saxe-Coburg (1861-
), Prince of Bulgaria: account
of, 14, 495; accession of, 15, 342
Ferdinand (1402-1443), Infante of
Portugal: campaign of, in Africa,
8, 305
Ferdinand (1 721-1792), Duke of
Brunswick: in the Seven Years'
War, 9, 245; commands in Hanover,
11, 501
Ferdinand (1600-1641), Archduke of
Toledo: appointed governor-general
of the Netherlands, 13, 211; death
of, 214
Ferdinand, Treaty of: see Alliance,
Christian
Ferdinand Charles III (d. 1854), Duke
of Parma: assassination of, 4, 369
Ferdousi (Firdausi) (940-1020 A. D.),
Persian poet: sketch of, 5, 93, 329
Fere Champenoise, France: battle of
(1814), 9, 348, 15, 262
Fergus (ca. 330 B. C.) Irish chief:
leads colonists to Scotland, 12, 38
Ferguson, General (ca. 1780), British
officer in America: at battle of
King's Mountain, 23, 279
Fergusson, James (1808-1886), a Scot-
tish writer on architecture: sketch
of, 5, 263
Fermor, William (ca. 1758), an Eng-
lish officer and diplomat in Russia:
sketch of, 15, 147; campaigns of,
15, 148, 18, 338
Fernan GonsaJez (ca. 950 A. D.),
GENERAL INDEX
253
Count of Castile: revolt of, 8, 136
Fernandez, Ruperto (ca. 1861), a Bo-
livian statesman: member of pro-
visional government of Bolivia, 21,
188; leads insurrection, 189
Fernando, one of Bahama islands: dis-
covered and named, 21, 6
Fernando de Valor: see Mohammed
ben Humeya
Fernando Po, island west of Africa:
sketch of, 19, 213; under Spanish
rule, 20, 299
Ferney, The Patriarch of: see Vol-
taire
Ferney, The Philosopher of: see Vol-
taire
Ferocious Beast of Ansonia, The: see
Caracalla, Roman emperor
Ferrand (13th century), Count of
Flanders: at war with Philip Au-
gustus of France, 9, 76
Ferrara, Italy: elects Azzo VII as its
lord, 4, 200
Ferrol, Spain: battle of (1805), 9, 325
Ferruccio, Francesco (16th century),
Italian soldier: defends Florence at
siege, 4, 306
Ferry, Jules Franc, ois Camille (1832-
I 893), French statesman: in the
elections of 1869, 9, 458; minister
of public instruction, 482; ministry
' of, 483
Ferry Bridge, England: battle of
(1461), 11, 213
Fersen, Count Axel (1 755-1810),
Swedish marshal: death of, 16, 253
Fessing, John (ca. 1698), an English
traveler: induces Peter to visit
England, 15, 33
Festus Porcius, Roman procurator of
Judaea, 60-62 A. D.: government of,
1, 410
Feth Ghirai (ca. 1736), Khan of the
Crimea: wins victories over Rus-
sians, 14, 307
Feudalism, a system by which the
holding of estates in land is made
dependent upon an obligation to
render military service to the king
or feudal superior: growth of, in
England, 11, 51; in Normandy, 58;
systematized by William the Con-
queror, 73; feudal dues, 84; Henry
II attempts to lessen the power of
the barons, 08; general breaking up
of, 226; in Switzerland, 13, 350; its
relations to Turkish institutions,
14, 96, 184, 203, 368, 377; efforts of
Dutch to establish, 23, 102
Feuillade, Francois d' Aubusson de la
(d. 1691), Marshal of France: at
battle of St. Gothard, 14, 240; at
siege of Candia, 243
Feuillant Club, a political club estab-
lished at Paris during the Revolu-
tion: organized, 10, 128; opened in
opposition to the Jacobins, 139
Few, William (1748-1828), an Ameri-
can patriot: in first Congress, 23,
343
Fez, a sultanate in the northern part
of Morocco: founded, 1, 364
Fezier (ca. 1700), French engineer:
his explorations, 21, 34
Fiala, Anthony (1871 ), American
explorer: explorations of, 16, 328
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb (1762-1814),
a German metaphysician: his ef-
forts to liberate Germany, 18, 375
Ficquelmont, Count Karl Ludwig von
(1777-1857), an Austrian general
and diplomatist: made leader of the
cabinet, 17, 362
Fidenae, Italy: early wars for posses-
sion of, 3, 20
Field, James Gaven (1826-1901),
American lawyer: nominated for
Vice-President (1892), 24, 991
Field, Stephen Johnson (1816-1899),
an American jurist: member of the
Electoral Commission, 24, 913
Field of Lies, The, Germany: a battle
between Lewis the Pius and his
three sons (833 A. D.), 28, 91
Field of the Cloth of Gold, near Ar-
dres, France, celebrated as the
meeting place of Francis I and
Henry VIII (1520), 9, 137, 11, 240
Fielden, Samuel, an American states-
man: leader of Chicago anarchists,
24, 961
Fielding, Henry (1707-1754), English
novelist: sketch of, 11, 494
Fiennes, Gislain de (ca. 1550), a
Dutch noble: given command of the
privateers, 13, in
254)
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Fieschi Plot, The: a plot to kill Louis
Philippe (1835), 9, 408
Fiesole (Faesulae), Italy: battle of
(405 A. D.), 4, 138, 18, 38
Fifteen Years' Farce, The: see French
Revolution, The
Fifth of November, Battle of the: see
Inkerman: battle of (1854)
" Fifty-four forty or fight " in United
1 States history, an election cry for
the campaign of 1844: meaning and
use of, 24, 543
Fighting Bishop, The: see Polk,
Leonidas
Figner (ca. 1800), a Russian captain:
his guerrilla warfare, 15, 238, 246
Figueras y Moracas, Estanislao
(1819-1822), a Spanish statesman:
made minister of finance in provi-
sional government, 8, 510
Figulus, Publius Nigidius (100-44 B
C), Roman Pythagorean philoso-
pher: finds difficulty in returning to
Italy, 3, 366
Fiji Islands, an archipelago in the
South Pacific: British take posses-
sion of (1874), 30, 217; government
of, 256
Filangieri, Gaetano (1 752-1 788), Ital-
ian editor: sketch of, 4, 339
Filingshausen, Germany: battle of
(1761), 9, 247
Fillmore, Millard (1800-1874), Presi-
dent of the United States, July 9,
1850-March 4, 1853: nominated for
Vice-President, 24, 558; becomes
President, 609; issues proclamation
concerning execution of Fugitive
Slave Law, 616; message to Con-
gress (1851), 618; candidate for
Presidential nomination (1852), 620;
nominated for President (1856), 652
Fimbria, Caius Flavius (d. 85 B. C),
Roman general: his campaign
against Mithradates, 3, 219; at-
tempts to kill Quintus Scaevola,
224; death, 220
Finaghta (ca. 675 A. D.), King of
Ireland: renounces the Boru Tax,
13, 39
Finan (ca. 670 A. D.), an Irish bishop:
governs the monastery of Lindes-
farne, 12, 36
Finance:
ARABIA: after Mohammed, 1, 257
ASSYRIA: revenues of the Second
Empire, 1, 82
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: revenues
(1200), 17, 93; revenues (1700), 188;
situation in the early 19th century,
303, 328
CHINA: condition of revenues
(1895), 6, 275
CONGO FREE STATE: revenues
(1894), 19, 123
CUBA: condition of revenues, 22,
480
EGYPT: tributes from Asia, 1, 23;
revenues under Arabian control,
299
ENGLAND: under William the
Conqueror, II, 79; taxes in 1198,
114; revenues under Edward I, 144,
149; under James I, 309, 315; ship-
money under Charles I, 334; under
Cromwell, 369; under Charles II,
389, 396; revenues under James II,
422; Bank of England established
(1694), 441; under George III, 566
FRANCE: heavy taxation (ca.
1300), 9, 89, 95; debt after Louis
XIV, 228, 232, 248; revenues (1765),
10, 12; under Louis XVI, 27, 29,
31, 36; during the Revolution, no,
165, 372, 418; under Necker, 9, 254;
fiscal laws (1824), 381; laws passed
by legislative chamber (1831), 400;
revenues (1870), 458
GERMANY: in the early 18th cen-
tury, 18, 308, 324
GREECE: revenues of Athens (431
B. C), 2, 276; revenues of, 547, 549
INDIA: revenues under the Mo-
hammedan rule, 5, 103; under the
Mogul dynasty, 116, 120, 124; under
British governors (1770), 189; land
revenue of Bengal, 195; under
British control, 243, 247, 249; finan-
cial crisis due to the depreciation
of the monetary standard, 273; ad-
justment of revenues to England,
289
ITALY: under Augustus, 4, 37;
revenues (1870-1900), 400
JAPAN: reforms in taxes (645 A.
D.), 7, 23; taxes systematized
(1600), 115; provincial taxation,
GENERAL INDEX
255
143. 145; financial crisis (1872), 175;
land tax (1900), 223
MACEDON: in the time of Philip,
2, 459
MEXICO: in the 18th century, 22,
196
PERSIA: under Darius, I, 168;
financial crisis due to debased coin-
age (1898), 5, 364
ROME: the Senate manages the
state finances, 3, 34; the revenues
of the Empire, 244; the revenues
managed by an oligarchy of capi-
talists, 247; in the time of Caesar,
37i, 376
RUSSIA: revenues in (1897), 15,
348
SOUTH AMERICA: revenues of
Bolivia (1830), 21, 186; (1870), 191;
revenues of Colombia (1870), 91;
revenues of Ecuador (1875), 116;
revenues of Venezuela (i860), 99
SPAIN: under Arabian rule, 1,
320; revenues in the 17th and 18th
centuries, 8, 421, 422, 430; reforms
(1900), 520
SWITZERLAND: revenues of the
Confederation (1500), 13, 424
TURKEY: revenues (16th cen-
tury), 14, 184; revenues (1830),
440; in 1905, 510
UNITED STATES: at the time of
the Revolution, 23, 292, 312; Ham-
ilton's policy, 348; establishment
of national bank (1792), 350, 352;
establishment of national mint,
353; American, in the first half of
the 19th century, 24, 1092; meas-
ures under Jackson, 23, 500, 506;
during the Civil War, 24, 819; na-
tional finances under Grant, 897;
legislation under Hayes, 922; Sher-
man Silver Law (1890), 974; under
Cleveland (1893), 994, 1006; legisla-
tion under McKinley, 1019
Financier of the Revolution: see Mor-
ris, Robert
Finch, Edward (18th century), Eng-
lish ambassador: at the Russian
court, 15, 125, 132, 137
Fingo, Africa: sold to the English
19, 36
Finland, grand duchy of the Russian
empire: recognizes Gustavus Vasa,
16, 154; in the Northern War, 15,
38, 42, 63; passes to Russia, 15, 64,
68, 217, 17, 306; under Nicholas II,
}1, 353, 358
Finns, inhabitants of Finland, Russia:
location of, 15, 6; the progenitors of
the modern, 16, 6; assimilation of,
15, 8; driven out by the Goths, 16,
35; conversion of the, 103; as
American colonists, 23, 127
Firbolgs, early race of Ireland: set-
tle in Ireland, 12, 24
Firdausi: see Ferdousi
Fire, The King of: see Napoleon (I)
Bonaparte, Emperor of the French
Firinghis, Portuguese settlers in In-
dia; description of, 5, 153
Firozshah, India: battle of (1846), 5,
221
First Gentleman of Europe: see
George IV, King of England
Firth, John (ca. 1530), English Re-
former: persecution of, 11, 251
Firuz (ca. 650 A. D.), Persian prince:
accepts the station of captain in
Chinese army, 1, 265
Firuz Shah Tughlak (ca. 1350), Sul-
tan of India: reign of, 5, 103
Fischer, Olfert (ca. 1800), a Danish
commander: at the battle of Copen-
hagen, 16, 256
Fish, Hamilton (1808-1893), an
American statesman: in Grant's
Cabinet, 24, 862; in Joint High Com-
mission, 883; protests against recog-
nition of Cuban belligerency rights,
887
Fisher, John 0459-1535), Bishop of
Rochester: supports cause of Catha-
rine against Henry VIII of England,
11, 246; inprisoned, 254; death of,
255
Fisher's Hill, Virginia: battle of
(1864), 24, 792; political effect of
victory, 801
Fishery Disputes:
1783-1888. Between the United
States and Great Britain over
privileges in British North Amer-
ica, 23, 287, 310, 24, 641, 959
1886-1893. Between Great Britain
and the United States, relating to
256
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Alaskan seal fishing, 20, 307, 24,
979, 1020,
1890. Between English and French
fishermen off Newfoundland, 20,
179
Fishing City, The: see Sidon
Fitch, Ralph (16th century), Eng-
lish traveler: visits India, 5, 157
Fitzgerald, Prime Sergeant (ca. 1803),
Irish patriot: opposes Union, 12,
215
Fitzgerald, Lord Edward (1 763-1 798),
Irish politician and revolutionist:
joins the United Irishmen, 12, 206;
arrest and death of, 209
Fitzgerald, Garret, 8th Earl of Kil-
dare: see Kildare, Garret Fitzger-
ald, 8th Earl of
Fitzgerald, Gerald, Earl of Kildare:
see Kildare, Gerald Fitzgerald,
Earl of
Fitzgerald, James Fitzmaurice (ca.
1567), an Irish patriot; incites Irish
chiefs to insurrection, 12, 89
Fitzgerald, John (ca. 1567), Irish pa-
priot: joins rebellion, 12, 89
Fitzgerald, Maurice (d. 1176), Irish
patriot: agrees to aid Dermot Mac-
Murrogh, 12, 49; his campaign in
Ireland (1257), 58; Earl of Des-
mond, 63
Fitzgerald, Raymond, surnamed "le
Gros " (ca. 1170), Irish patriot: his
career in Ireland, 12, 50, 53
Fitzgerald, Thomas, Earl of Desmond
(i426?-i467), called the Great Earl,
Irish statesman: made lord deputy
of Ireland, 12, 70; fall of, 71
Fitzgerald, Thomas, Earl of Desmond
(d. 1583), Irish nobleman: rebellion
of, 12, 89
Fitzgerald, Thomas, Earl of Kildare
(1513-1537), Irish nobleman: made
lord deputy of Ireland, 12, 78; re-
bellion of, 79
Fitzgerald, Vesey (ca. 1829), Irish
politician: candidate for office
against O'Connell, 1 1, 584; defeated
for Parliament by O'Connell, 221
Fitzgerald, Sir William Robert Sey-
mour Vesey (1818-1885), British
official: sketch of, 5, 252
Fitzgibbon, John, Earl of Clare (1749-
1802), British jurist: supports Irish
cause, 12, 186; proposes a crushing
crimes bill, 196; leads opposition to
emancipation bill, 203; made Earl
of Clare, 204
Fitz-Nigel, Richard (ca. 1199), Eng-
lish writer: writings of, 11, 115
Fitzosbert, William, surnamed Long-
beard (12th century), English dema-
gogue: leads an insurrection of
London artisans, IX, 117
Fitz-Osborn, William (d. 1071), Nor-
man noble: death of, 13, 26
Fitzpatrick, Benjamin (19th century),
American politician: offered nomi-
nation for Vice-President (i860), 24,
682
Fitzsimmons, Thomas (ca. 1789),
American politician in first Con-
gress, 23, 342
Fitzstephen, Robert (12th century),
Welsh gentleman: his career in Ire-
land, 12, 49, 53
Fitzwilliam, Sir William (ca. 1597),
Irish statesman: lord deputy of Ire-
land, 12, 94
Fitzwilliams, William Wentworth,
Earl (1748-1833), En~lish states-
man: made lord lieutenant of Ire-
land, 11, 54s, 12, 202
Fiume, seaport of Hungary: acquired
by the house of Austria, 17, 108;
made a free port, 193; annexed to
Hungary, 406
Five Forks, Virginia: battle of (1865),
24, 810
Five Good Emperors, The: see Nerva,
Trajan, Hadrian, Antonius Pius,
and Marcus Aurelius, Roman Em-
perors
Five Knights' Case, The, appeal of
five knights in England to the Court
of King's Bench (1627), II, 323
Five Mile Act, in English history an
act passed for the persecution of
the Dissenters (1665), 11, 387
Five Nations, The: see Iroquois In-
dians
" Five Thousand," body of citizens at
Athens: rule of, 2, 358
Flaccus, Lucius Valerius (3rd century
GENERAL INDEX
257
B. C.)> Roman noble: influences
Cato to enter upon a political ca-
reer, 3, 157
Flaccus, Lucius Valerius, Roman con-
sul, 86 B. C. : arrives , in Greece with
army, 3, 218; aids reforms of Sulla,
230; removed from command by
mutiny, 219; proposes the law con-
ferring the dictatorship on Sulla,
231
Flaccus, Marcus Fulvius (d. 121 B.
C), Roman consul, 125 B. C:
member of the land commission, 3,
178; proposes that the question of
the citizenship of allies should be
considered in the comitia, 179;
death, 184
Flaccus, Quintus Fulvius (2nd cen-
tury B. C), Roman general: his
success in Spain, 3, 136
Flambard, Ranulf (Ralph) (d. 1128),
Bishop of Durham: his power and
influence, II, 83; deposed by Henry
I, 88
Flamininus, Titus Quintius (ca. 225-
ca. 165 B. C), Roman consul and
general: in second Macedonian war,
3, 140; returns to Rome, 142
Flaminius, Gaius (d. 217 B. C), Ro-
man consul and general: defeated
at Telamon, 3, 109; at battle of
Lake Trasimene, 118; excludes
freedmen from the centuries, 158
Flanders, province in Belgium: origin
of, 13, 20; furnishes assistance to
William the Conqueror, 25; rebels
against Maximilian, 50; growth of
the towns, II, 158; aids Edward III
of England, 158; under control of
France, 180; ruled by John the
Fearless, 194
Flatters, Colonel (19th century), a
French officer in Africa: attempt
to survey an African railroad, 19,
80
Flavian Emperors of Rome: see Ves-
pasian, Titus, and Domitian
Flavus (ca. 9 A. D.), brother of Her-
mann: becomes a Roman, citizen,
18, 18
Fleetwood, Charles (d. 1692), English
general: given command of Puritan
army, n, 2>7y> ms campaigns in
Ireland, 12, 126
Flegel, Robert (1855-1886), African
explorer: explorations of, 19, 90;
his mission in Africa, 155
Fleix, Peace of, a treaty between
Henry III of France and Protest-
ants (1580), 9, 161
Fleming, Klas (ca. 1680), Swedish
reformer: aids reform in Sweden,
16, 212
Fleming, Klas Eriksson (Claudius
Flemming) (d. 1597), Constable of
Sweden: resists the surrender of
Kexholm, 16, 168
Flesselles, Jacques de (1 721-1789),
French provost: attempts to quiet
the populace, 10, 60; death of, 67
Fletcher, Benjamin (17th century),
colonial governor of New York,
1692-1698: appointed governor, 23,
106
Fletcher, Giles (1549-1611), English
civilian and poet: at the Russian
court, 15, 72
Fleurus, Belgium: battles of (1690),
9, 218, 13, 245; (1794), 9, 290, 10,
345, II, 543- 13, 264, 17, 281, 18, 357
Fleury, Andre Hercule de (1653-
1743), Bishop of Frejus: member of
king's council, 9, 234; sketch of, 10,
25 note; ministry of, 16, 226
Fleury, fimile Felix (1815-1884),
French general and diplomat: as-
sists schemes of Napoleon III, 9,
442
Fleury, Joly of (ca. 1783), French
politician: made minister of
finance, 9, 257
Flint, Mr. (ca. 1759), British mer-
chant: pioneer of commerce, 6, 109
Flodden, England: battle of (1513),
II, 236, 12, 300
Floki Rafn (ca. 850 A. D.), Scandi-
navian pirate: visits Iceland, 16, 44
Flood, Henry (1732-1791), Irish ora-
tor and politician: leader of the
Patriot Party, 12, 177; loses the
confidence of the people, 183
Flood, The Great (ca. 2000 B. C), in
China: supposed to have been the
flood of Noah, 6, 6
253
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Florence, Italy: Ghibellines defeat the
Guelphs (1260), 4, 212; history of,
in the Middle Ages, 225, 257; siege
of, 306; made capital of Italy, 388
Florence (Floris) V (1256-1296),
Count of Holland: claims Scottish
throne, 12, 271
Florence, Treaty of (1801), concluded
between Naples and France: 10,
444
Flores, Antonio (ca. 1600), Spanish
explorer: explorations of, 22, 143
Flores, Antonio (1833 ), an Ecua-
dorian statesman: his administra-
tion as president of Ecuador, 21,
244
Flores, Juan Jose (1800-1864), Span-
ish-American general and states-
man: his first administration as
president of Ecuador, 21, 107; made
commander-in-chief of the army
108; his second administration, 109;
his third administration, 109; at the
battle of Babahoyo, 11 1; in the
battle of Cuaspud, 88, 112; death of,
114
Flores, Manuel (ca. 1780), Spanish
administrator: in New Spain, 22,
215
Flores, Venancio (1800-1868), Uru-
guayan general and politician: re-
bellion of, 21, 131, 142; becomes
ruler of Uruguay, 144; assassinated
146
Florida, southeastern state of the
United States, called the Peninsular
State: discovered, 23, 38; explored
by De Soto, 42; settlement of St.
Augustine, 48; Huguenots attempt
to found a colony in, 20, 82; Ponce
de Leon founds colony in, 21, 16;
sacked by Drake (1580), 30; ceded
to England (1763), 11, 505, 20, 104,
120; returned to Spain (1783), 11,
523, 20, 128; ceded to the United
States (1819), 304; boundary of, 23,
364; annexation of West Florida,
443; troubles in territory of East
Florida, 444; purchase of, 444; in-
creases slave territory, 452; dele-
gates withdraw from Democratic
convention (i860), 24, 679; secedes,
689; Confederates seize Forts Ba-
rancas and McRae, 691; Confeder-
ates seize Pensacola navy yard,
691; end of carpet bag rule, 873;
Presidential election of 1876, 910;
collapse of the " negro carpet bag "
government, 915
"Florida," Confederate ship: built in
English ship yard, 24, 882
Florida-Blanca, Jose Monino (1729-
1808), Spanish statesman: favors
American rebellion, 8, 416, 22, 210
Florizel, Prince: see George IV, King
of England.
Florizon, Peter (ca. 1650), a Dutch
admiral: in the war with Sweden,
13, 232
Floras, Gessius, procurator of Judaea,
65 A. D.: government of, 1, 410
"Flour Battle, The" (1590), Paris
(1590), 9, 168
Floyd, John Buchanan (1805-1863),
American politician and Confeder-
ate general: advises against re-in-
forcement of Southern forts, 24,
696; resigns from Cabinet, 704; at
siege of Fort Donelson, 744; es-
capes from Fort Donelson, 745; re-
moved from command, 745
Flushing, Netherlands: revolts
against Spanish rule, 8, 360; siege
of (1809), 9, 336
Flying Squadron, The, American
fleet: at Hampton Roads, 24, 1028
Fodevig, Scandinavia: battle of
(1134), 16, 76
Fogelberg, Bengt Erland (1786-1854),
Swedish sculptor: sketch of, 16, 264
Fois, Gaston de (1489-1512), Duke
of Nemours: successes in Italy, 9,
134; death, 4, 293
Foix, Count de (ca. 1200), French
soldier: revolts against Louis IX,
9, 80
Foix, Andre de (ca. 1500), French
rebel: attempts to restore Navarre
to Henri d' Albret, 8, 349
Foix, Gaston, Count de (d. 1470),
French noble: death of, 8, 214
Foix, Germaine de (1488-1538), Queen
of Aragon: marries Ferdinand V
of Spain, 8, 190
GENERAL INDEX
259
Foix, Matthieu, Count de (ca. 1400),
Spanish noble, claims throne of
Aragon, 8, 258
Fokshani, Rumania: battle of (1789),
15, 185
Folger, Charles James (1818-1884),
American jurist: in Arthur's cab-
inet, 24, 936; candidate for gov-
ernor of New York, 945
Falkland, land granted to original
settlers in England: meaning of
term, 11, 52
Folkungar, influential family of
Sweden: rise of, 16, 103; era of,
143
Fonfrede, Jean Baptiste (1 766-1 793),
French Girondist: death of, 10, 279
Fonseca, Deodora da (1827-1892),
Brazilian general and politician:
leads revolution in Brazil, 21, 253;
president of provisional govern-
ment, 253; resigns, 254
Fonseca, Juan Rodriquez de (1441-
1524), Spanish ecclesiastic: aids
plot against Columbus, 31, 10;
against Cortez, 22, 63; estimate of,
65
Fontainebleu, Treaties of: concluded
between England and France
(1762), 18, 343; between Spain and
France (1807), 8, 528, 9, 332; be-
tween allied armies and Napoleon,
(1814), 15, 262, 17, 311
Fontaine-Frangaise, France : battle
of (iS9S), 9, 170
Fontana, Benedict (ca. 1500), Swiss
leader: at the battle of the Calven,
13, 419
Fontarabia, Spain: taken by the
French (1795), 10, 347
Fontenay, France: battle of (843 A.
D.), 9. 50, 18, 92
Fontenoy, Belgium: battle of (1745),
9, 239, 11, 487, 13, 255
Foochow, China: destruction of
Chinese fleet at, 6, 249
Foote, Andrew Hull (1806-1863),
American admiral: at capture of
Fort Henry, 24, 744; at siege of
Fort Donelson, 744; at capture of
Island Number Ten, 749
Foote, Henry S. (1800-1867), Amer-
ican politician: altercation with
Senator Benton, 24, 608; elected
governor of Mississippi, 611; cen-
sured by Mississippi legislature,
611
Foote, Samuel Augustus (1 780-1846),
an American politician: his reso-
lution affecting public land, 23, 489,
24, 618
Foraker Act, providing civil govern-
ment for Porto Rico: passed (1900),
24, 1040
Forbes, Duncan (1685-1747), Scottish
judge and patriot: sketch of, 12,
370
Forbes, John (1593-1648), Scottish
divine; leader of the Episcopal
church, 12, 358
Forbes, John (1710-1759), British
soldier: commands expedition
against Fort Du Quesne, 23, 190;
death, 191
Forbes, Patrick (1564-1635), Scottish
divine: leader of the Episcopal
church, 12, 358
Forcade, de la Roquette (1 534-1 573),
French jurist and legal writer:
made minister of the interior, 9,
459
Force, Henri Nompar de Caumont,
Due de la (1582-1678), French
Protestant general: defends Mon-
tauban, 9, 181
Force Act of Rhode Island: passed,
23, 314
Force BilL an American tariff bill:
passed, 23, 496; obstructive pro-
cedure induced by, 24, 969; account
of, 970; effect on election (1890),
975
Forcheim, Treaty of, a treaty be-
tween Germany and Moravia (874
A. D.), 17, 33
Forde, Francis (d. 1770), English
soldier: his campaign in southern
India, 5, 186
Ford's Theatre, Washington: scene
of Lincoln's assassination, 24, 826
Fordun, John of (d. ca. 1384), a Scot-
tish chronicler: sketch of, 12, 290
Forest, Friar (d. 1538), Welsh monk:
death of, 11, 258
260
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Forest, Pierre de la (ca. 1355), arch-
bishop of Rouen: opens the estates
9, 96
Forey, filie Frederic (1804-1872), a
French marshal: assists schemes
of Napoleon III, 9, 442; his cam-
paign in Mexico, 9, 453, 22, 387
Formiguy, France: battle of (1453)
9, 118
Formosa, an island east of China:
Koxinga establishes himself in, 6
60, 97; trouble in, 65, 98; invaded
by Japanese, 7, 192; massacre of
English in, 6, 143; ceded to Japan
6, 270, 7, 273; part of, seized by
France, 20, 273
Formosus (816-896 A. D.) Pope, 891-
896 A. D.: crowns Arnulf, 18, 100
Fornovo, Italy: battle of (1495), 4
290, 9, 131
Forrest, Nathan Bedford (1 821-1877),
an American officer in Confederate
service: commands Confederate
cavalry, 24, 803; joins the Ku-
Klux-Klan, 871
Forster (ca. 1715), member of Parlia-
ment for Northumberland: supports
claims of the Old Pretender, 12,
362
Forster, Pancraz (ca. 1795), Abbot of
St. Gall: opposes Beda, 13, 506;
revokes his concessions to the
people, 516
Forster, William Edward (1818-1886)
an English politician: educational
reforms of, 11, 626; draws up Irish
Land Act 12, 238 note
Fort Barancas, Florida: seiged by
Confederates, 24, 691
Fort Beau Sejour, Nova Scotia: cap-
tured by Monckton, 23, 180
Fort Brown, Texas: seized by Con-
federates, 24, 691
Fort Caswell, North Carolina: seized
by Confederates, 24, 691
Fort Christina, Wilmington: estab-
lished by Swedes, 23, 108
Fort Conger, Grinnell Land: estab-
lished, 16, 319
Fort Cumberland, Virginia: named,
23, 176
Fort Dauphin, Africa: sketch of, 19,
212
Fort Dearborn, nucleus of Chicago:
destroyed by Indians, 23, 420; see
also Chicago
Fort Donelson, Tennessee: Confed-
erates hold, 24, 742; siege of
(1862), 744
Fort Duquesne, original name of
Pittsburg, Penna.: erected by
French, 23, 172; expeditions planned
against, 176; Braddock's march on,
177; captured and name changed to
Pittsburg (1755), 23, 191, 11, 500
Fort Edward, New York: Americans
abandon, 23, 253
Fort Erie, Pennsylvania: given up by
England, 23, 362; British repulsed
at (1814), 426
Fort Fisher, North Carolina: capture
of (1865), 24, 808
Fort Frontenac, on Lake Ontario:
captured by English (1758), 23, 190
Fort Gaines, Alabama: guarding
Mobile Bay, 24, 798
Fort Gaspereau, Nova Scotia: cap-
tured by Monckton (1755), 23, 180
Fort George, New York: taken by
the French (1757), 20, 118; cap-
tured by the Americans (1813), 23,
425
Fort Harrison, Louisiana: Taylor at
24, 592
Fort Henry, Tennessee: Confederates
hold, 24, 742; Federals cap-
ture (1862), 744
Fort Jackson, Georgia: seized by
Confederates, 24, 691
Fort Jackson, Louisiana: seized by
Confederates, 24, 691; Farragut
runs the fire of, 751; surrenders
to Federals (1862), 752
Fort Johnson, South Carolina: opens
fire on Fort Sumter, 24, 711
Fort le Bceuf, Pennsylvania: founded,
23, 171; reached by Washington,
171
Fort Livingston, Louisiana: seized
by Confederates, 24, 691
Fort McAllister, Georgia: surrenders
to Sherman (1864), 24, 805
Fort McHenry, Baltimore: bom-
barded (1814), 23, 427
Fort McRae, Florida: seized by Con-
federates, 24, 691
GENERAL INDEX
261
Fort Macon, North Carolina: seized
by Confederates, 24, 691
Fort Meigs, Ohio: battle of (1813),
23, 425
Fort Mims, on Alabama River: de-
stroyed, 23, 427
Fort Monroe, Virginia: occupied by
General Butler, 24, 734
Fort Morgan, Alabama: seized by
Confederates, 24, 691; guarding
Mobile Bay, 798
Fort Moultrie, Charleston: troops
sent to aid collector at, 23, 494;
Osceola confined in, 515; seized by
Confederates, 24, 691; dismantled,
703; South Carolina takes posses-
sion of (i860), 24, 704
Fort Nassau, New Jersey: built by
Kieft, 23, 108
Fort Necessity, Ohio: erected by
Washington, 23, 172
Fort Niagara, New York: importance
of, 23, 182
Fort Orange: see Albany
Fort Pemberton, Tennessee: Grant
turned at (1862), 24, 776
Fort Pillow, Tennessee: Confederates
evacuate, 24, 750
Fort Pinckney, South Carolina: seized
by Confederates, 24, 691
Fort Pulaski, Georgia: seized by
Confederates, 24, 691
Fort Saint David: see Tegnapatam
Fort Saint George: see Madras
Fort Saint Jean d'Ulloa, Vera Cruz:
siege of (1837), 9, 413
Fort St. Philip, Louisiana: seized by
Confederates, 24, 691; Farragut
runs the fire of, 750; surrenders to
Federals (1862), 752
Fort Salisbury, Africa: built, 19, 228
Fort Smith, Arkansas: Confederates
seize government property at, 24,
720
Fort Snelling, Minnesota: Dred Scott
taken to, 24, 658
Fort Steadman, Virginia: Lee as-
saults (1865), 24, 810
Fort Stoddert, Alabama: Burr cap-
tured at, 23, 404
Fort Sumter, South Carolina: seized
by Confederates, 24, 691; cost of
building, 696; Major Anderson oc-
cupies, 703; women and children
removed to New York, 705; bom-
bardment of (1861), 711; surren-
dered, 712; effect of bombardment
on the North, 715; Lee offered
Federal command at, 760
Fort Venango, Pennsylvania: founded
23, 170
Fort Wayne, Indiana: Harmar's de-
feat at (i794), 23, 365
Fort William, College of, India;
founded, 5, 202
Forty-niners, the settlers in Cal-
ifornia, 24, 597
Forty-times-Forty Churches, The City
of: see Moscow
Forum Julii (Frejus), Rome: founded,
3, 392
Foster, John (1740-1828), Irish states-
man: opposes Union, 12, 215
Foster, Murphy J. (1849 ) Louis-
iana governor, United States Sen-
ator, 24, 974
Fotherby (17th century), an Arctic
explorer: explorations of, 16, 304
Fouche, Joseph, Due d'Otranto (1763-
1820), French revolutionist and
minister of police: becomes min-
ister of police in Napoleon's coun-
cil, 9, 361, 365, 20, 436; member
of provisional government, 9, 365;
aids return of Napoleon, 10, 500
Fould, Achille (1800-1867), French
financier and statesman: becomes
minister of finance, 9, 452
Foulon, French Intendant, 1789:
made member of council, 9, 263,
10, 56; death of, 73
Founder of Cities, The: see Henry
(I) the Fowler, Holy Roman Em-
peror
Fouque, General (ca. 1760), Prussian
soldier in the Seven Years' War,
18, 340
Fouquet, Nicolas (1615-1680), French
official and financier: arrest and im-
prisonment of, 9, 207
Fouquier-Tinville, Antoine Quentin
(1747-1795), French revolutionist:
his accusation decreed, 10, 322;
death of, 9, 292
"Four Hundred:" conspiracy of, at
Athens, 2, 358; fall of, 361
262
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Fournier, Captain, French officer in
China: negotiates in matter of
Tongking, 6, 248
Fowler, The: see Henry (I) the
Fowler, Holy Roman Emperor
Fox, Charles James (1749-1806), Eng-
lish statesman and orator, called
the Man of the People introduces
a new India bill, 5, 194; makes
overtures of peace to Napoleon,
10, 467; supports reform measures,
11, 520; member of cabinet, 522;
resigns office, 523; becomes Secre-
tary of State (1783), 525; favors
the French Revolution, 540; For-
eign Secretary in All the Talents
Ministry, 558; death of, 558; quoted
on the battle of Guilford Court
House, 23, 282
Fox, George (1624-1691), founder of
Society of Friends: denounces
slavery, 20, 130
Fox, Henry (d. 1774), English states-
man: becomes leader of the House
of Commons, 11, 494; resigns office,
497
Fox, Luke (1586-1635) English nav-
igator: explorations of, 16, 305
Fox, The Old: see Soult, Nicholas
Jean de Dieu
Fox Indians, North American tribe:
belong to Algonquian stock, 23, 8;
in Black Hawk war, 506
Fox State, The: see Maine
" Fox's Martyrs," supporters of
Charles Fox in Parliament, 1784,
ix, 529
Fraenkel, Dr., Swedish explorer in
Arctic regions: attempts to find the
North Pole, 16, 327
Fraga, Spain: siege of (1134), 8, 234
France: invaded by the Saracens, 1,
335; condition of the Jews, 419, 422;
in relation to modern Greece, 2,
548; in relation to the Eastern
Question, 14, 7; foreign conquests
of, 143; intervention of, in Turkey,
307, 347, 423; Turkey seeks alliance
with, 332; at war with Turkey, 380;
friendly policy toward Turkey re-
vived, 385; rivalry with Russia, 392,
444, 445; in Peace of Tilsit, 404; in
agreement of the Dardanelles, 437;
in Africa, 19, 71; present African
possessions of, 261; rivalry with
Great Britain, 23, 157; commercial
treaty with United States, 347;
American sympathy for, 357; re-
sents attitude of United States,
372; interferes for Spain in South
America, 446; settlement of spoli-
ation claims, 507; occupies Mexico,
3 4 875; appoints Behring Sea arbi-
trator, 980; in general arbitration
treaty, 1055; arbitration treaty with
United States, 1076
France, History of: independent Gaul
and Roman Gaul, 9, 3; the Ger-
manic invasions and the Mero-
vingian kingdoms, 15; the empire of
Charlemagne, 40; feudal France,
63; reaction against feudalism:
Philip Augustus and Philip the
Fair, 75; the Hundred Years' War,
92; Joan of Arc and the liberation
of France, 114; territorial unity and
wars in Italy, 121; the Reformation
and the Huguenot wars, 145; Henry
IV and the reorganization of
France, 166; Richelieu and the
Thirty Years' War, 183; Louis XIV
and the supremacy of France in
Europe, 199; Louis XIV and the
decline of the French power in
Europe, 216; the struggle against
arbitrary power under Louis XV,
227; the constitutional monarchy,
253; the fall of the monarchy,
272; the first republic, 278; the di-
rectory and the rise of Napoleon
Bonaparte, 297; the consulate, 315;
the empire of Napoleon I, 324; fall
of the empire, 340; the restoration
of the Bourbons, 355; the reaction
under Charles X and the revolution
of 1830, 374; the monarchy of the
property class, 394; Guizot's min-
istry and the revolution of 1848,
415; the second republic, 435; the
empire of Napoleon III, 445; the
third republic, 467
France, The Apostle of: see Denis,
Saint
France, The Cromwell of: see Robes-
pierre, Frangois Maximilien Joseph
Isidore
GENERAL INDEX
263
France, The Demosthenes of: see
Mirabeau, Gabriel Honore Riquetti,
Count
France, The Fabius of: see Mont-
morency, Anne
France, The Maecenas of: see Francis
I, King of France
Francesco: see Francis
Francesco della Rovere: see Sixtus IV
Franceville, Africa: founded, 19, 72
Francia, Jose Gaspar Rodriguez de
(1761-1840), a dictator of Paraguay:
holds Artigas as a prisoner, 31,
119; made Secretary of State of
Paraguay, 147; sketch of, 148; made
dictator, 148; death of, 153; esti-
mate of, 154
Francis (I) Stephen (1708- 1765),
Holy Roman Emperor, 1745-1765:
marries Maria Theresa, 17, 239, 18,
324; given command of the imperial
army, 17, 235; made co-regent with
Maria Theresa of Austria, 13, 254;
chosen emperor, 17, 242, 18, 331
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor:
see Francis I, Emperor of Austria
Francis I (II, Holy Roman Emperor)
(1768-1835), Emperor of Austria,
1806-1835: accession of, 10, 167, 18,
355; reign of, 13, 263, 17, 279; as
King of Hungary, 17, 332; his rela-
tions with Napoleon, 17, 290, 18,
359, 368; abdicates imperial title, 9,
327; character of, 17, 319; death of,
345
Francis I (1494-1547), King of
France, 1515-1547, called the
Maecenas of France and the
Father of Letters: marries Claude,
9, 133; invades Italy, 4, 293; at
war with the Swiss, 13, 422; seizes
Lombardy, 18, 240; claims the im-
perial crown, 13, 55; opposes elec-
tion of Charles V to the imperial
throne, 8, 343, 18, 231, 239; struggle
with Charles V, 4, 301, 11, 240, 18,
245; taken prisoner by Charles V,
8, 350, n, 241; makes alliance with
England, 11, 242; concludes treaty
with Charles V, 4, 295, 18, 251; con-
temporary of Suleiman the Great,
14, 145, 159; urges the Sultan
against Hungary, 151; aids John
I of Hungary, 17, 216; concludes
alliance with the Swiss Protestants,
13, 444; Gustavus Vasa forms an
alliance with, 16, 160; interested in
discoveries in America, 20, 81;
death of, 9, 136
Francis II (1544-1560), King of
France, 1559-1560: marries Mary
Queen of Scots, II, 265, 12, 307;
reign of, 9, 149
Francis I, King of the Two Sicilies:
see Francisco I
Francis II, King of the Two Sicilies:
see Francisco II
Francis II, Duke of Brittany, ca.
1460: rebels against Louis XI,
9, 121, 124; at war with Anne of
Beaujeu, 127
Francis de Borgia, St. (ca. 1510-1572),
Duke of Gandia: consoles Emperor
Charles V, 8, 352
Francis of Bourbon (16th century),
Duke of Enghien: wins battle of
Cerisoles, 9, 144
Francis, Duke of Lorraine: see Fran-
cis I, Holy Roman Emperor
Francis (1541-1587), Grand Duke of
Tuscany: accession of, 4, 332
Francis (d. 1758), Prince of Bruns-
wick: death of, 18, 339
Francis, David Rowland (1850 ),
an American merchant and poli-
tician: secretary of the interior, 24,
993 note
Francis, Sir Philip (1740-1818), the
reputed author of "Junius's Let-
ters": his opposition to Hastings, 5,
189, 190
Francis of Assisi, Saint (Giovanni
Francisco Bernardone) (1 182-1226),
Italian monk and preacher: life of,
11, 132
Francis Charles (early 19th century),
Archduke of Austria: made mem-
ber of council of regency, 17, 345
Francis Ferdinand (living), Archduke
of Austria: becomes heir apparent
to Austrian throne, 17, 456
Francis Joseph I (1830 ), Em-
peror of Austria 1848: accession of,
17, 37i, 377, 18, 402; early years of
his reign, 17, 378; dominated by
Nicholas I of Russia, 14, 444;
264
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
crowned King of Hungary, 17, 397;
marries Elizabeth of Bavaria, 383;
sketch of, 455
Francis Xavier, Saint, a Jesuit mis-
sionary called the Apostle of the
Indies: born at the castle of Xavier,
in the kingdom of Navarre, Spain,
April 7, 1506; was educated at Col-
lege Saint-Barbe, Paris; taught
philosophy in the College of Beau-
vais and was given the degree of
doctor in philosophy from the
Sorbonne, 1530; joined Loyola in
organizing the Jesuits, 1534; labored
in Italian prisons and hospitals,
1537-1541; toiled in India, Ceylon,
Japan, and Malacca, 1541-1552, bap-
tizing, it is claimed, more than
1,000,000 persons and establishing
Christianity in fifty-two kingdoms;
died on the island of Hiang-Shan,
near Macao, China, December 2,
1552; was canonized in 1622
Inaugurates missionary efforts in
the East, 5, 151; in China, 6, 33;
preaches in Japan, 7, 104; goes to
India, 8, 435, 20, 48
Franciscans, an order of mendicant
friars founded by St. Francis of
Assisi, authorized by the Pope 1210:
organization of, IX, 132; advent in
England, 133; work of, in Texas,
22, 187
Francisco I, King of the Two Sicilies,
1825-1830: reign of, 4, 352
Francisco II, King of the Two Sici-
lies, 1859-1861: reign of, 4, 377, 380,
382
Francisco d' Assisi (ca. 1850), Nea-
politan prince: marries Isabella II
of Spain, 8, 501
Francisco de Xavier: see Francis
Xavier
Francke, August Hermann (1663-
1727), German preacher and philan-
thropist: sketch of, 18, 308
Franco, Guillermo (ca. 1850), South
American patriot: in the war be-
tween Ecuador and Peru, 21, no;
made head of the government in
Ecuador, in
Franco-Brazilian Boundary Dispute
(1899), ai, 262
Franco-Dutch Guiana Boundary Dis-
pute (1891), 21, 262
Franco-German Convention, settling
boundary lines in Africa (1894), 1 9>
166, 177
Frangois: see also Francis
Frangois, Duke of Anjou: see Alen-
gon, Frangois, Duke of
Frangois Phoebus (d. 1482), King of
Navarre: reign of, 8, 215
Franco-Portuguese Agreement, over
boundaries in Africa (1886), 19, 173
Franco-Prussian War, a war between
Germany and France (1870-1871):
causes, 18, 416, 419; battles of Saar-
briick, 420; Weissenburg, Courcelles,
Mars-la-Tour, 421; Metz, 422; Se-
dan, 423; siege of Strasburg, 424;
of Paris, 425; battles of Orleans
and Le Mans, 425; peace treaty,
426; results to France, 426; to Ger-
many, 17, 408, 18, 427; on Poland,
15, 387; Russia during, 14, 473;
England's protection of Belgium
during, 13, 309
Franco-Spanish Agreement, over
boundaries in Africa (1901): 19,
168
Frangipani, The, a noble Roman fam-
ily which came into prominence
early in the nth century: given the
defense of Dalmatia, 17, 54; treach-
ery of, 18, 170
Frankfort, Diet of, composed of rep-
resentatives from all the German
states (1848), 18, 399
Frankfort, Treaty of, concluded be-
tween Germany and France (1871),
9, 469, 18, 426
Frankfort - on - the - Main, Prussia:
founded, 18, 86; Jews driven from,
i, 423
Frankfort-on-the-Oder, Prussia: taken
(1631), 18, 279
Frankfurt, Council of, an ecclesias-
tical council called by Charlemagne
(794 A. D.), 9. 43
Franklin, Tennessee: Schofield's army
entrenched at, 24, 803
Franklin, Benjamin, an American
philosopher and statesman: born at
Boston, Mass., January 17, 1706;
was apprenticed to his brother
GENERAL INDEX
265
James to learn printing but broke
his indentures and ran away, 1723,
first to New York, then to Phila-
delphia, where he secured work as
a journeyman printer; was in Eng-
land, 1725-1726, on business for the
governor of Pennsylvania; became
editor and proprietor of the " Penn-
sylvania Gazette " at Philadelphia,
1729; established the Philadelphia
Library, 1731; published "Poor
Richard's Almanac," 1732; became
clerk of the Pennsylvania assembly,
1736; appointed postmaster of Phil-
adelphia, 1737; founded the Ameri-
can Philosophical Society and the
Academy of Pennsylvania (after-
wards the University of Pennsyl-
vania), 1743; discovered electricity,
17535 became deputy postmaster-
general for the British colonies in
America, 1753-1774; proposed the
"Albany Plan," 1754; was colonial
agent for Pennsylvania in England,
1757-1762 and 1764-1775; was
elected to the Continental Congress,
!775; was chosen as a member of
the committee to draw up a decla-
ration of independence, 1776; acted
as ambassador to the court of
France at Paris, 1776, and ar-
ranged for a treaty with France,
February 6, 1778; corresponded with
Lord Shelburne, 1782, to negotiate
peace with England, and concluded
the Treaty of Paris together with
Jay and Adams on September 3,
1783; returned to America, 1785,
and was president of the Coun-
cil of Pennsylvania, 1785-1788; was
chosen delegate to the constitutional
convention, 1787; wrote his auto-
biography; died at Philadelphia,
April 17, 1790
Agent for colonies, 9, 254, 23,
122; believes in the single legisla-
tive house, 10, 88 note; honors
Cook, 20, 124 note; aids in found-
ing University of Pennsylvania, 23,
141; early American author, 142;
deputy postmaster-general of the
colonies, 153; removed from office,
J 53', appointed postmaster-general
by Congress, 153; proposes Plan
of Union, 174; in Braddock's expe-
dition, 177; interview with Gren-
ville, 208; summoned before the bar
of the House of Commons, 213;
delegate to second Continental
Congress, 229; opposed to independ-
ence of colonies, 237; member of
committee to draft a declaration of
independence, 240; member of Se-
cret Committee of Correspondence,
265; commissioned as minister to
France, 265; signs Treaty of Ver-
sailles, 267; opens negotiations for
peace with England, 286; in Con-
stitutional Convention, 323; sug-
gests an opening prayer in Consti-
tutional Convention, 326; religious
belief of, 384; signs abolition peti-
tion, 24, 572
Franklin, Sir John, a noted English
explorer: born at Spilsby in Lin-
colnshire, April 16, 1786; entered
the royal navy; took part in the
battle of Trafalgar, 1805; and in
the attack on New Orleans, Jan-
uary, 1815; became commander of
the " Trent " in the Arctic expedi-
tion under Captain Buchan, 1818;
led an overland exploring expedi-
tion sent to follow the coast line
of North America, 1819-1822; raised
to rank of captain and went out
with another exploring party to
trace the coast of North America,
1825-1827; knighted, 1829; was lieu-
tenant-governor of Van Diemen's
Land, 1836-1843; commanded an ex-
pedition to find a Northwest pas-
sage, which sailed, May, 1845, but
never returned; from a document
left by the survivors of the explor-
ing party in a cairn on the shore of
King William's Land, it is now
known that Franklin died, June 1 1,
1847
Explorations, 16, 306, 307, 309
Franklin, William Temple (1729-
1813), American politician: prom-
inent Tory of Philadelphia, 23, 294
Frankopan, Francis (d. 1671), Hun-
garian conspirator: leads conspir-
acy, 17, 229
266
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Franks, Confederation of German
tribes (3rd century A. D.): origin,
18, 27; capture of Syracuse, 30; de-
feat Romans at Soissons, 46; con-
quests of, 4, 107; invade Gaul, 162;
invade Spain, 8, 26; sketch of, 9,
15; invade the Netherlands, 13, 10;
struggle of, with the Saxons, 11
Franscini, Stefano (1796-1857), Swiss
statesman: draws up a new govern-
ment for the Vaud, 13, 532
Franstadt, Russia: battle of (1706),
16, 217
Franz Josef Land, an archipelago in
the Arctic Ocean: discovered, 16,
3i8
Franz of Taxis (ca. 1500),. German
official: sketch of, 18, 231
Fraser (ca. 1800), British general: his
campaign in Egypt, 1, 37
Fraser, Simon, Lord Lovat (1667-
1747), Scottish nobleman: death of,
12, 369
Frasnes, Belgium: battle of (1815),
13, 287
Frastenz, Austria-Hungary: battle of
(1499), 13, 418
Fraubrunnen, Switzerland: battle of
(i375), 13, 379
Frazer, Simon (ca. 1800), British ex-
plorer: explorations of, 20, 129
Frazier's Farm, Virginia: battle near
(1862), 24, 761
Fredegar (Fredegarius) (ca. 600 A.
D.), French chronicler: his estimate
of Clotar II, 18, 64
Fredegonda (Fredegunda) (d. 597 A.
D.), Frankish queen: marries Chil-
peric, 9, 27, 18, 62
Frederic (d. 1504), King of Naples,
1496-1504: reign of, 8, 269, 9, 133
Fredericia, Denmark: battle of (1849),
16, 271
Frederick (I) Barbarossa (1121-1190),
King of the Germans and Holy Ro-
man Emperor, 1152-1190: accession
to throne of Germany, 4, 190; joins
crusaders, 9, 75, 17, 55, 18, 145; his
relations with Denmark, 16, 80, 83;
reign of, 4, 191, 18, 147; his rela-
tions with Bohemia, 17, 66; sets up
Calixtus III (anti-Pope) in opposi-
tion to Alexander III, 11, 102
Frederick II (1 194-1250), Holy Ro-
man Emperor, 1214-1250: claims the
throne of Germany, 18, 159; reign
of, 4, 201, 9, 84, 18, 160; seeks an
alliance with Denmark, 16, 85; his
relations with Bohemia, 17, 69; his
relations with Leopold VI of Aus-
tria, 93; condition of Switzerland
under, 13, 358; death of, 18, 167
Frederick (III) the Handsome (1286-
1330), King of the Germans and
Duke of Austria: claims imperial
throne, 13, 364, 17, 101; 18, 187;
death of, 220
Frederick III (1415-1493), (IV as
King of the Germans), Holy Roman
Emperor, 1440-1493: reign of, as
Duke of Austria, 17, 107; reign of,
as emperor, 18, 212; requests aid
from Charles VII of France, 9, 118;
claims throne of Hungary, 17, 162;
quarrels with Charles the Bold, 13,
406; at war with Mathias of Hun-
gary, 17, 164; condition of Switzer-
land under, 13, 417; death of, 17,
174
Frederick I (1471-1533), King of Den-
mark and Norway, 1522-1533: made
Duke of Slesvig-Holstein, 16, 137;
Christian discovers plot in favor of,
191; reign of, 192; grants freedom
of conscience to Denmark, 9, 142;
death of, 16, 194
Frederick II (1534-1588), King of
Denmark and Norway, 1559-1588:
in the Seven Years' War, 16, 162;
reign of, 196
Frederick III (1609-1670), King of
Denmark and Norway, 1648-1670:
joins alliance against Sweden, 16,
207; reign of, 230, 243
Frederick IV (1671-1730), King of
Denmark, 1699-1730: sends an am-
bassador to Russia, 15, 56; aids
Hans Egede, 16, 48; in the Great
Northern War, 214, 221; reign of,
236; his relations with Slesvig-Hol-
stein, 267; death of, 238
Frederick V (1 723-1 766), King of
Denmark and Norway, 1746-1766:
reign of, 16, 239
Frederick VI (1768-1839), King of
Denmark and Norway, 1808-1839:
GENERAL INDEX
267
joint ruler with his father, 16, 243;
reign of, 257; establishes consulta-
tive chambers, 263; death of, 264
Frederick VII (1808-1863), King of
Denmark, 1848-1863: Oscar's rela-
tions with, 16, 264;' in the Slesvig-
Holstein controversy, 269; death of,
16, 273, 18, 408
Frederick VIII (1844 ), King of
Denmark, 1906 : accession of,
16, 291
Frederick I (1657-1713), King of
Prussia, 1688-1713: accession of,
18, 311; his campaign against the
French (1689), 9, 217; elected king
of Neuchatel, 13, 479; meets Peter
the Great, 15, 57; death of, 18, 319;
estimate of, 320
Frederick (II) the Great, King of
Prussia: born at Berlin, January 24,
1712; educated with great rigor in
accordance with his father's ideas;
attempted to run away, 1730, was
sentenced to death, but was after-
wards pardoned on the petitions
from several of the crown heads of
Europe; married by compulsion
Elizabeth Christina of Brunswick;
succeeded his father, June 1, 1740;
took part in the War of the Aus-
trian Succession, 1740-1748, by
which he gained Silesia; fought the
Seven Years' War, 1756-1763, with
the coalition whose chief members
were Austria, Russia, and France
and as a result of this war raised
Prussia to the front rank of Euro-
pean powers; shared in the par-
tition of Poland, 1772; took part in
the War of the Bavarian Succession,
1778-1779; throughout his reign he
encouraged commerce, manufac-
tures, and the fine arts; died at
Sans Souci near Potsdam, August
17, 1786; his works were published
in 30 volumes, 1846-1857
Reign of, 18, 326; claims Silesia,
9, 236, 13, 254, 17, 240; concludes
treaty with Russia, 14, 320, 15, 129;
his intrigues at the Russian court,
15, 138, 140, 146; attempts to secure
Indian trade for Prussia, 5, 174;
defines the privileges of the Jews,
I, 423; in the Seven Years' War, 9,
244; forms alliance with England,
23, 188; quoted on William Pitt,
188; praises Washington's military
genius, 250; effects treaty with Tur-
key, 14, 319; his relations with
Sweden, 16, 228; favored by Peter
III of Russia, 15, 152; ridicules
Russian generalship, 14, 324; offers
mediation, 332; in the first partition
of Poland, 15, 173, 384, 17, 246; re-
fuses to conclude alliance with the
United States, 23, 268; growth of
Prussia under, 10, 133; death of, 15,
189
Frederick III (1831-1888), King of
Prussia and Emperor of Germany,
1888: campaigns of, 18, 410, 420;
reign of, 448
Frederick II (ca. 1340-1377), King of
Sicily, 1355-1377: at war with James
of Aragon, 4, 258, 8, 248; struggles
of, 18, 186; death of, 8, 256
Frederick I (1676-1751), King of
Sweden, 1720-1751: reign of, 16,
225; continues the Northern War,
15, 67
Frederick I (1372-1440), Elector of
Brandenburg (1415-1440), originally
Frederick VI, Burgrave of Nurem-
berg: secures Brandenburg, 18, 206;
his campaign against the Hussites,
209
Frederick III, Elector of Branden-
burg: see Frederick I, King of
Prussia
Frederick V (1596-1632), Elector Pal-
atine, 1610-1620, called the winter
king: Charles IX's relations with,
16, 172; marries Elizabeth Stuart,
II, 311; chosen King of Bohemia,
9, 189, 13, 203, 17, 204, 18, 270; de-
posed from the Palatinate, 18, 272
Frederick (early 17th century), Elec-
tor of Saxony: concludes a peace
with the emperor, 17, 211
Frederick (III) the Wise (ca. 1463-
1525), Elector of Saxony, 1468-1525:
at the Diet of Worms, 18, 226;
founds the University of Witten-
berg, 234; befriends Luther, 237,
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
240, 241; declines election as em-
peror, 239; sends a preacher to Den-
mark, 16, 190
Frederick I, Duke of Austria, 1194-
1198: reign of, 17, 92
Frederick the Warlike (1211-1246),
Duke of Austria: takes advantage of
the misfortunes of the King of
Hungary, 17, 58; reign of, 93; de-
posed, 18, 164; death of, 17, 59
Frederick of the Empty Purse (1382-
1439), Duke of Austria: reign of,
17, 106; aids Swiss rebellion, 13,
390; forfeits his duchy, 18, 204; aids
John XXIII in his schism, 13, 396;
death of, 398
Frederick V, Duke of Austria: see
Frederick IV, Holy Roman Em-
peror
Frederick (early 17th century), Duke
of Holstein: offers shelter to Re-
monstrants, 13, 201
Frederick IV (Charles Frederick) (d.
1702), Duke of Holstein-Gottorp:
minority of, 16, 236; his relations
with Russia, 15, 80; his war with
Denmark, 16, 236; death of, 15, 80
Frederick III (1 597-1659), Duke of
Slesvig-Holstein: in the Thirty
Years' War, 16, 201; Denmark pays
indemnity to, 208; his sovereignty
recognized, 267
Frederick VIII, Duke of Slesvig-Hol-
stein, 1863: assumes his title, 16,
274
Frederick (I) of Hohenstaufen (d.
1105), Duke of Suabia: made duke,
I3 347; death of, 18, 137
Frederick (II) of Hohenstaufen (1090-
1147), Duke of Suabia: his relations
with Henry V of Germany, 18, 141;
his war with Lothar II of Germany,
143
Frederick (late 18th century), Prince
of Denmark: plots against Struen-
see, 16, 242
Frederick (early 19th century), Prince
of the Netherlands: his campaign
against Napoleon, 13, 287; in the
Belgian Revolution, 296
Frederick (early 19th century), Prince
of Noer: in the Slesvig-Holstein
controversy, 16, 268
Frederick (late 18th century), Prince
of Saxe-Coburg: his campaigns in
the Franco-Austrian War, 13, 263
Frederick ( 1707-175 1), Prince of
Wales: quarrels with George II, 11,
480; sketch of, 489
Frederick (late 13th century), Count
of Hohenzollern and Burgrave of
Nuremberg: enters into an alliance
with Rudolph of Hapsburg, 17, 75,
18, 179
Frederick VI, Count of Hohenzollern,
Burgrave of Nuremberg: see Fred-
erick I, Elector of Brandenburg
Frederick (1256-1324), Count of
Thuringia: his quarrel with his
father, 18, 183; defeats Albert I of
Germany, 184
Frederick VII, Count of Toggenburg,
1400-1436: sketch of, 13, 397
Frederick of Baden (1249-1268),
friend of Conradin, Duke of Suabia:
sketch of, 18, 169
Frederic of Toledo (late 16th cen-
tury), son of the Duke of Alva: his
campaign in the Netherlands, 13,
113
Frederick Augustus I, Elector of Sax-
ony: see Augustus II, King of Po-
land
Frederick Augustus II, Elector of
Saxony: see Augustus III, King of
Poland
Frederick Charles (1828-1885), Prince
of Prussia: his campaigns against
the Danes, 18, 408; his campaigns
against the Austrians, 410; in the
Franco-Prussian War, 9, 463, 18,
420, 422, 425
Frederick City, Maryland: occupied
by Lee (1862), 24, 764
Frederick Henry of Nassau (1584-
1647), Prince of Orange: at battle
of Nieuport, 13, 174; his mission to
England, 178; his campaigns in the
Thirty Years' War, 204; becomes
Prince of Orange, 208; career of,
208; death of, 217
Frederick William (1620-1688), the
Great Elector of Brandenburg, 1640-
1688: policy of, 18, 299; befriends
Jews, 1, 423; fosters African trade,
19, 31
GENERAL INDEX
269
Frederick William I (1688-1740), King
of Prussia, 1713-1740: reign of, 18,
319; power of, 10, 133; acquires
Stettin, 15, 64; invests Stralsund,
16, 222; at war with Napoleon, 9,
328; his estimate of Peter the Great,
15, 68
Frederick William II (1744-1797),
King of Prussia, 1786-1797, called
the Philosopher of Sans Souci and
Father Fritz: reign of, 18, 354;
visits Catherine, 15, 1745 joins in
the Declaration of Pilnitz, 17, 276;
in the second Polish partition, 15,
189; Poles secure an alliance with,
385
Frederick William III (1770-1840),
King of Prussia, 1797-1840: reign of,
18, 363, 366; makes war against
France, 14, 396, 15, 213, 261; makes
an alliance with Alexander I of
Russia, 18, 373; signs Peace of Til-
sit, 8, 485
Frederick William IV (1 795-1861),
King of Prussia, 1840-1858: reign of,
18, 396; in the Slesvig-Holstein con-
troversy, 16, 269; elected hereditary
emperor, 18, 402; his relation to
Nicholas I of Russia, 14, 444
Frederick William (d. 1710), Duke of
Courland: marries Anne, 15, 57
Fredericksburg, Virginia: Burnside's
defeat at (1862), 24, 769
Frederickstad, Norway: siege of
(1850), 16, 272
Frederika of Baden (ca. 1800), Queen
of Sweden: marriage of, 16, 250
Frederikshald, Norway: siege of
(1718), 15, 66, 16, 223
Fredrikshamn, Treaty of (1809), con-
cluded between Sweden and Russia,
15, 217
Frederiksten, Norway: siege of (1716),
16, 223
Free Conservatives, German political
party: description of, 18, 435
Free Soil Party, political party in
United States: organized, 24, 655;
convention at Pittsburg (1852), 621;
summons a constitutional conven-
tion in Kansas, 649; denounce Dred
Scott decision, 660
"Free Speech, Free Soil, and Fre-
mont," campaign cry of 1865, 34,
655
Free Trade: see Taxation
Freedman's Bureau, in American his-
tory, a division of the War Depart-
ment charged with aiding and pro-
tecting the freed slaves: established,
24, 844; description of, 848
Freedom of Speech, Federalist enact-
ments against: in the United States,
23, 378
Freedom of the Press: victory for, in
colonies, 23, 107; Federalist enact-
ments against, 378
Freedom of Worship: sought by colo-
nists of Plymouth, 23, 83
Freeman's Farm, New York: battle of
(1777), 23, 255
Freeman tie, Port of, Australia:
founded, 20, 187
Freeport, Illinois: Lincoln-Douglas
Debate at, 24, 669
Freethinking Party (1879), German
political party: description of, 18,
446 note
Fregellae, Italy: revolt of (124 B. C.)
3, 179
Freiberg, Germany: battles of (1644),
9, 199; (1677), 18, 301; (1762), 343
Freienbach,. Switzerland: battle of
(1443), 13, 400
Frejus: see Forum Julii
Frelinghuysen, Frederick Theodore
(1817-1885), American statesman:
member of the Electoral Commis-
sion, 24, 913 note; succeeds Blaine,
936; effort to abrogate Clayton-Bul-
wer Treaty, 1058
Frelinghuysen, Theodore (1753-1804),
American statesman: nominated for
Vice-President, 24, 537
Fremont, John Charles, an American
soldier and politician, called the
Pathfinder: born at Savannah, Geor-
gia, January 21, 1813; graduated
from Charleston College, South
Carolina, 1830; taught mathematics
and afterwards turned his attention
to engineering; served on the Mis-
sissippi survey; was made lieuten-
ant of engineers, 1838; explored the
270
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
South Path of the Rocky Moun-
tains, 1842, and the Pacific slope,
1843-1844 and 1845; took part in
the conquest of California, 1846-
1847; was United States Senator
from California, 1850-1851; con-
ducted an exploring party to the
Pacific, 1853; was the Republican
nominee for President, 1856; was
appointed major-general of volun-
teers, 1861, and served in Missouri
and the Shenandoah Valley; pro-
claimed the emancipation of the
slaves of those in arms against the
United States, 1861, but the procla-
mation was annulled by President
Lincoln as being premature; re-
signed from service, 1864, was gov-
ernor of Arizona, 1878-1882; retired
as major-general, April 28, 1890;
died at New York City, July 13,
1890
His explorations in California, 22,
295; elected senator from California,
3 4> 598; earlier career, 654; nomi-
nated for Presidency (1856), 652,
654; (1864), 799; opposed by Choate,
657; commander of the Military
District of the West, 741; relieved
from command, 742; Union general
in Shenandoah, 759; withdraws from
Presidential campaign, 802
French and Indian Wars, a series
of wars between France and
Great Britain in America and
forming part of the Hundred Years
War:
I. King William's War (1689-
1697), known in Europe as the War
of the Palatinate: causes, 23, 157;
massacre of Schenectady, 158; mas-
sacre of Salmon Falls, 158; capture
of Port Royal by the English and
its recapture by the French, 158;
bombardment of Fort Quebec, 159;
sack of York, Maine, 159; ended
by Treaty of Ryswick, 159; results,
160.
II. Queen Anne's War (1702-t
1714), known in Europe as the War
of Spanish Succession: causes, 23
160; massacre of Deerfield, 160; cap-
ture of Port Royal by the English,
161; ended by Treaty of Utrecht,
162; results, 162
III. King George's War (1744-
1748), known in Europe as the War
of the Austrian Succession: causes,
23, 163; capture of Louisburg by
the English, 164; ended by Treaty
of Aix-la-Chapelle, 166; results, 166
IV. The French and Indian War
(1754-1763), known in Europe as
the Seven Years' War (1756-1763):
causes, 23, 167; preliminary opera-
tions, 170; resources of the contend-
ing belligerents, 173; Braddock's ex-
pedition, 176; expulsion of the Aca-
dians, 179; English disasters and
failures, 182; the victories of Pitt,
187; the fall of Quebec, 193; ended
by the Treaty of Paris, 197; results,
198
French Club, The (ca. 1791), French
political body: established by Ber-
trand de Molleville, 10, 160
French Congo, Africa: description of,
20, 281
French in America: colonies inferior
to English, 23, 157; population of,
157; Indians ally with, 157; claims
in Mississippi Valley, 167; popula-
tion in French and Indian War, 173;
influence over Indians, 174
French Maccabaeus, The: see Mont-
fort, Simon de
French Revolution, The, a revolution
in France at the close of the 18th
century, called the Fifteen Years'
Farce: causes of, 9, 253, 10, 3, 16,
249; principal battles were: Valmy
(1792), 9, 277, 10, 210, 18, 356; Jem-
mapes (1792), 9, 279, 13, 263, 17,
280, 18, 356; Nurwinden (1793), 9,
283, 10, 249, 13, 263, 17, 281, 18,
357; peace treaties were: Basel
0795) *o> 347; Campo Formio
(i797) 395; Luneville (1801), 442;
Amiens (1802), 444; principal phases
were: the old regime, 10, 3; the be-
ginning of the Revolution, 17; es-
tablishment of the States-General,
41; the rise of popular government,
79; separation of national parties,
101; the close of the assembly, 132;
the national legislative assembly,
GENERAL INDEX
271
151; the national convention and the
trial of Louis XVI, 215; fall of the
Girondists, 239; beginning of the
terror, 267; fall of Robespierre, 296;
the Thermidorian reaction, 320; the
close of the national convention,
341; the government of the direc-
tory, 367; fall of the directory,
395; the finances of the French
Revolution, 418; Napoleon and the
consulate, 431; the empire, 461; the
Hundred Days, 498
French Tiberius, The: see Louis XI,
King of France
French War, Old: see French and In-
dian War
French West Africa, present condi-
tion of, 20, 281
Freneau, Philip (1752-1823), American
poet: edits the "National Ga-
zette," 23, 356
Frere, Sir Henry Bartle Edward (Sir
Bartle Frere) (1815-1884), British
official: his administration of Sind,
5, 223; introduces adhesive postage
stamp in Sind, 224; accompanies
Edward VII in his visit to India,
253; his mission to Africa, 19, 55;
his influence on African affairs, 95;
his requirements in Zululand, 20,
229
Freron, Louis Stanislaus (1765- 1802),
French revolutionist: obtains the
accusation of Fonquier-Tinville, 10,
275; forms the jeunesse doree, 326
Frey, Colonel (19th century), French
military officer: at war with Sa-
mory, 19, 149
Freyre, General (ca. 1825), Chilian
statesman: president of Chili, 21,
215
Freytag (ca. 1793), Austrian military
commander: his campaign against
the allied forces, 9, 286
Frey-Yngre, legendary king of Swe-
den: story of, 16, 35
Friars Minorites: see Minorites, Fri-
ars
Friars Observant, English church-
men: suppressed, II, 255
Friars Preachers: see Preachers, Fri-
ars
Frias, Tomas (1805-1884)', Bolivian
statesman: made provisional presi-
dent of Bolivia, then president, 21,
191
Fribourg, Switzerland: submits to the
Liberals (1847), 13, 552
Fridigern (d. 381 A. D.), King of
Goths: defeats the Romans, 18, 34
Fridolin, Saint (ca. 481 A. D.), French
missionary: sketch of, 13, 338
Friedland, Bohemia: battle of (1807),
9, 331, 10, 470, 11, 559, 15, 215, 16,
251, 18, 373
Friedlingen, Germany: battle of
(1703), 9, 221
Friend, Good: see Napoleon III,
Emperor of the French
Friend, The People's: see Marat, Jean
Paul
Friend of the People, The Father
and: see Henry IV, King of France
Friends, Society of: see Quakers
Friends of the Constitution, The, in
French history a body of revolu-
tionists: organized, 9, 269
Friesland, Prussia: annexed to Frank-
ish kingdom (ca. 800 A. D.), 18, 85
Frischherz (d. 1640), Swiss official:
death of, 13, 467
Frisching, Von, Swiss statesman:
leads peace party in Berne (ca.
1798), 13, 511
Frisons or Frisii, The, early inhabit-
ants of the Netherlands: description
of, 13, 7; ancestors of the Dit-
marshes, 16, 138
Fritz, Father: see Frederick (II) the
Great, King of Prussia
Friuli, Italy: taken by the Austrians
(1809), 17, 298
Frobisher, Sir Martin, an English
navigator: born at Doncaster, York-
shire, England, about 1535; at-
tempted to discover the Northwest
Passage, 1576; made two more voy-
ages, 1577 and 1578; accompanied
Drake to the West Indies, 1585;
was knighted for his services
against the Spanish Armada, 1588;
commanded a fleet sent to aid
Henry IV of France, 1594; was
mortally wounded in an attack near
Brest and died at Plymouth, Eng-
land, November 7, 1594
!TO
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Searches for the Northwest Pas-
sage, 5, 156, 16, 301, 20, 58, 23, 52;
his services against the Armada, n,
296, 23, 54
Frode (I) the Peaceful (ca. 270 A.
D.), King of Denmark: the legend
of, 16, 17
Frohlich, Abraham Emanuel (1796-
1865), German-Swiss poet and fable
writer: sketch of, 13, 530
Froissart, Jean (1337-1410), French
writer: sketch of, 13, 62; chronicles
of, 14, 43
"Frolic," British sloop: captured, 23,
422
Frontenac, Count Lewis de Buade de
(1621-1698), French officer: gov-
ernor of Canada, 23, 158; defends
Quebec, 158; attitude toward In-
dians, 175
Froschweiler, Battle of: see Woerth,
Battle of
Frossard, Charles Auguste (1807-
1875), French general: in the Fran-
co-Prussian War, 9, 463, 18, 420
Froude, James Anthony (181 8-1894),
English historian: his mission to
Africa, 19, 83
Fruella (Froila) I, King of Asturias,
757-768 A. D.: reign of, 8, 131
Fruella (Froila) II, King of Asturias,
923-925 A. D.: reign of, 8, 135
Friind, Johannes (ca. 1450), Swiss his-
torian: sketch of, 13, 427
Frundsberg, George von (1475-1528),
German general: befriends Luther,
18, 240; at siege of Rome, 246
Fry, Joshua (ca. 1750), English col-
onel: sent against French, 23, 172;
succeeded by Washington, 172
Frye, William Pierce (1831 ), an
American statesman: member of
Spanish-American peace commis-
sion, 24, 1031; elected president of
Senate, 1050
Fu Te (18th century), Chinese gen-
eral : sketch of 6, 97
Fu Wang (ca. 1650), Chinese com-
mander: made emperor, 6, 55; flight
of, 56
Fuad, Grand (1814-1869), Turkish
statesman: services of, 14, 439, 442;
resigns as foreign minister, 449;
sent to Damascus, 466; policy to-
ward Crete, 467; accompanies Abdul
Aziz to Paris exposition, 472
Fuchs, Alois (ca. 1800), Swiss en-
thusiast: sketch of, 13, 543
Fuchs, Christopher (ca. 1800), Swiss
enthusiast: sketch of, 13, 543
Fueillee (ca. 1650), French astron-
omer: his voyages of exploration,
21, 34
Fuen-Clara, Pedro de Castro y Agus-
tin, Count de, viceroy of New Spain,
1742-1746: administration of, 22,
195
Fuenleal, Sebastian Ramirez de (1480-
1547), Spanish bishop: made presi-
dent of the audiencia, 22, 107
Fuentes, Pedro Hemiguez d' Azedo,
Count of (1560-1643), Spanish en-
voy: appointed governor of the
Netherlands, 13, 160; his intrigues
with the Swiss Catholics, 461
Fuentes de Oriora, Spain: battle of
(181 1), 8, 530, 9, 339
Fueter (ca. 1700), Swiss conspirator:
leads uprising in Berne, 13, 499
Fugitive Slave Laws, in United States
history: I. of 1793, 24, 567; II. pro-
posed in compromise (1850), 602;
passed, 610; operation of, 614; vio-
lations of, in Ohio, 672; denounced
in Western Reserve, 672; modifica-
tion of, proposed, 701
Fuhsi (ca. 2300 B. C), Chinese in-
ventor: invents written characters,
6, 5
Fujiwara-no-Fuhito (8th century),
Japanese noble: aids the spread of
Buddhism, 7, 32; services of, 45
Fujiwara-no-Hidehira (ca. 1186),
Japanese chief: kindness of, to Mi-
namoto-no-Yoshitsune, 7, 65; death
of, 66
Fujiwara-no-Hidesato (ca. 800 A. D.),
Japanese commander, defeats Tai-
ro-no-Masakado, 7, 53
Fujiwara-no-Kamatari (ca. 800 A. D.),
Japanese noble: services of, 7, 45
Fujiwara-no-Michinaga (ca. 1000 A.
D.), Japanese noble: influence of, 7,
GENERAL INDEX
273
Fujiwara-no-Michinori (ca. 1150),
Japanese politician: influence of, 7,
57
Fujiwara-no-Morosuke (ca. 1000 A.
D.), Japanese noble: minister of the
right, 7, 48
Fujiwara-no-Mototsune (ca. 880 A.
D.), Japanese statesman: ministry
of, 7, 46
Fujiwara-no-Narichika (ca. H7S),
Japanese noble: plots against the
Tairasway, 7, 59
Fujiwara-no-Nobuyon (ca. 1150),
Japanese noble: rebellion of, 7, 57
Fujiwara-no-Sadakuni (ca. 900 A. D.),
Japanese conspirator: conspires
against Sugawara-no-Michizane, 7,
47
Fujiwara-no-Sanesuke (ca. 1050),
Japanese official: opposes influence
of Fujiwara-no-Michinaga, 7, 49
Fujiwara-no-Saneyori (ca. 1000 A.
D.), Japanese noble: minister of the
left, 7, 48
Fujiwara-no-Sumitomo (ca. 1100),
Japanese commander: rebellion of,
7, 53
Fujiwara-no-Tadahira (ca. 1000 A.
D.), Japanese noble: chief minister
of state, 7, 48
Fujiwara-no-Tadamichi (ca. 1100),
Japanese diplomat: regent for
Emperor Konoye, 7, 56
Fujiwara-no-Tokihira (ca. 900 A. D.),
Japanese noble: conspires against
Sugawara-no-Michizane, 7, 47
Fujiwara-no-Yasuhira (ca. 1150),
Japanese noble: kills Minamoto-no-
Yoshitsune, 7, 66
Fujiwara-no-Yoritsune (ca. 1200),
Japanese nobleman: made shogun,
7, 70
Fujiwara-no-Yoshifusa (ca. 900 A.
D.), Japanese noble: influence of, 7,
46
Fu K'angan (18th century), Chinese
general: his campaign against For-
mosa, 6, 98; his campaign against
Tibet, 102
Fukushima (ca. 1850), Japanese offi-
cer: appointed director of Korean
administration, 7, 267
Fukushima Masanori (ca. 1600), Japa-
nese leader: at battle of Sekigahara,
7, 123; his estates confiscated, 128
Fulah, Africa: description of, 19, 148
Fuller, J. B. (1854 ), an English-
man in the India Civil Service:
made lieutenant governor of East-
ern Bengal and Assam, 5, 303
Fulton, Robert, an American artist,
engineer, end inventor: born at
New Britain, 1765; did miniature
painting in Philadelphia, 1782-1786;
studied painting in London under
Benjamin West for several years;
abandoned this profession for that
of mechanical engineering, 1793;
moved to Paris, 1794; experimented
with a submarine boat and a tor-
pedo, 1797-1805; invented and suc-
cessfully launched on the Seine a
steamboat, 1803; returned to the
United States, 1806; built the steam-
boat " Clermont," which made a
successful trial trip on the Hudson,
1807; supervised the building of nu-
merous ferry-boats and river steam-
ers; launched the war-steamer " Ful-
ton," 1815; died at New York City,
February 24, 1815
Invents steamboat, 23, 401
Fulvia (d. 40 B. C), wife of Anto-
nius: incites insurrection in Italy,
4, 19; death, 19
Fundamental Articles of Bohemia
(1871), incorporating Bohemia into
Austria-Hungary, 17, 410
Fundamental Constitution or " Grand
Model" devised by Locke: 23, 74;
religious freedom promised by,
76; suspended, 78
Fundamental Law, The (1800), giving
religious freedom to Belgium and
Holland, 13, 292
Fundamental Orders, First constitu-
tion of Connecticut (1639): charac-
ter of, 23, 92
Fundi, Italy: pillaged by the Sara-
cens, 1, 354
Fiinfkirchen, University of, Hungary:
founded, 17, 154
Funston, Fred (1865 ), American
general: captures Aguinaldo, 20,
317; his expedition to Cuba (1906),
22, 490
274
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Fur Seal Controversy, between Great
Britain and United States, 24, 1020
Fur trade with the Indians: important
to French, 23, 169; rivalry of French
and English, 169, 174
Furius Camillus, Lucius (ca. 350 B.
C.)> Roman commander: defeats a
Gallic host, 3, 59
Furius Camillus, Marcus (ca. 400 B.
C.)> Roman general: founds the
temple of Concord, 3, 49; heroism
of, 59; at battle of Alba, 59; victory
in the Pomptine territory, 63
Furmali: see Pelusium
Furrer, Jonas (1805-1861), Swiss
statesman: elected president of the
Swiss Confederation, 13, 556
Furtado, Francisco (1818-1870), Bra-
zilian statesman: forms ministry,
21, 176
Fury, The Spanish (1576), massacre
at Antwerp: description of, 13, 122
Fury and Hecla Strait, Arctic re-
gions: discovered, 16, 307
Fusan, Korea: attacked by Japanese
(1510), 7, 104; captured by the Japa-
nese (1592), 117
Fushimi, Japan: battle of, 7, 168
Fussachi: see Hard
Fiissen, Treaty of, concluded between
Austria and Bavaria (1745), 17, 242
Fussli, Johann Conrad (1 705-1 775),
Swiss author: sketch of, 13, 494
Fust, Johann (d. 1460), German prin-
ter: his quarrel with Gutenberg, 18,
221
G
Gabel, Christopher (ca. 1660), Dan-
ish official: at diet of Copenhagen,
1 6, 232
Gabinius Alus (d. 48 B. C), Roman
politician: proposes measures
against the pirates, 3, 270; subdues
Jewish revolts, 276; reinstates Ptol-
emy Auletes on his throne, 277; ar-
rested, 283; elected consul, 290; re-
fused a public thanksgiving, 318;
banished, 319; in the Parthian war,
322; his Egyptian campaign, 322;
defeat and death in Illyria, 354
Gablenz, Ludwig Karl Wilhelm,
Baron von (1814-1874), Austrian
general: campaigns of, 18, 408
Gabrielle d' Estrees, Duchess of Beau-
fert (1571-1599), French court
beauty: her relations with Henry
IV of France, 9, 171
Gabrielli of Agobbia (Giacomo), Ital-
ian politician: made tyrant of Flor-
ence (1336, 1340), 4, 229
Gadalebi, Morocco: battle of the (ca.
1530), 8, 437
Gade, Hemming (ca. 1503), Bishop of
Linkoping: his estimate of the
Danes, 16, 139; sent as a hostage
to Denmark, 141
Gades: see Cadiz
Gadsden, Treaty of, a treaty con-
cluded between United States and
Mexico (1853), 22, 381, 24, 641
Gadsden Purchase: see Gadsden,
Treaty of
Gaeta, Italy: sieges of (ca. 846 A. D.),
I, 355; (1435), 8, 265
Gaetulicus, Lentulus (ca. 39 A. D.),
Roman statesman: plots against
Caligula, 4, 57
Gage, Thomas (1721-1787), British
military officer: in Braddock's ex-
pedition, 23, 177, 179; boasts of fear
of colonists, 220; sent to Boston,
II, 515, 23, 221; fortifies Boston
27.
Neck, 23, 225; attempts to arrest
Adams and Hancock, 226; offers
amnesty to all rebels, 231; reen-
forced, 231
Gaileswintha (ca. 567 A. D.), Visgoth-
ian princess, wife of Chilperic:
sketch of, 9, 27
Gaines, Edmund Pendleton (1777-
1849), American soldier: sent to
Georgia to prevent surveys of In-
dian lands, 23, 470
Gaines' Mills, Virginia: battle of
(1862), 24, 761
Gaj, Louis (1809-1872), Croatian jour-
nalist: his works in Croatia, 17, 343
Gajitani, General, Belgian military of-
ficer: at siege of Antwerp (1585),
13, 149
Galatia, Asia Minor: settled by Gauls,
2, SIS
Galatz, Roumania: siege of (1789), 15,
185; massacre in (1821), 14, 416
Galba, Servius Sulpicius (second
century B. C), Roman general and
orator: his campaign in Spain, 8,
19
Galba, Servius Sulpicius (3 B. C.-69
A. D.), Roman emperor, 68-69 A.
D.: his campaign in the Alps, 3,
303; conspires against Nero, 4, 67;
proclaimed emperor, 4, 69, 8, 25;
death of, 4, 70
Galdan (d. 1697), chief of the Eleuths,
Manchurian military officer: account
of, 6, 66; defeat of, 69; death of, 71
Galen, Christopher Bernhard von
(1600-1678), Dutch prelate and com-
mander: in the war with the Eng-
lish, 13, 230
Galerius, Valerius Maximus (d. 311
A. D.), Roman Emperor, 286-305 A.
D.: made Csesar, 4, 114; death, 118
Galiano, Antonio Alcala (1 790-1 865),
Spanish writer and orator: leader of
Spanish Revolution, 8, 492
276
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Galicia, Austria-Hungary: forms part
of Poland, 17, 4; relics of the stone
age found in, 10; does homage to
Hungary, 54; taken by the Bohe-
mians, 63; annexed to Austria, 248;
spread of revolutionary ideas in,
346; revolution of 1848, 366; invaded
by the Russians, 372 affected by
Polish insurrection (1863), 389;
the dual system of government,
404
Galileo Galilei, an Italian astronomer
and philosopher: born at Pisa,
Italy, February 14, 1564; studied
the classics, invented small ma-
chines, and became an accomplished
musician; studied at the University
of Pisa, 1581-1586; discovered the
principle of the pendulum, 1583, but
did not apply it to the making of a
clock until about 1633; was professor
of mathematics at Pisa, 1589-1591,
and at Padua, 1592-1610; invented
a thermometer, 1597, and a tele-
scope, 1609; discovered Jupiter's
satellites, 1610; removed to Flor-
ence, 1610; noticed the sun's spots
about 1610; called to Rome, where
his doctrines were condemned by
the Pope, 1616; compelled to reject
the Copernican theory by the In-
quisition, 1633; discovered the
moon's libration, 1637; died at Ar-
cetri, near Florence, Italy, January
8, 1642
Sketch of, 4, 320
Galissoniere (Gallisoniere), Roland
Michel Barrin, Marquis de la (1693-
I 756), French naval officer: defeats
English at Minorca, 9, 244; made
member of cabinet, 263
Galitzin, Prince Alexander Michail-
ovitch (1718-1783), Russian soldier:
commands Russian forces, 14, 324;
negotiates for Rulhiere's manu-
script, 15, 159
Galitzin, Prince Alexander Nikola-
witch (1774-1884), Russian states-
man: his campaign against Turks,
15, 176; his influence on Alexander,
265
Galitzin, Prince Basil (1633-1713),
Russian statesman and soldier:
power of, 15, 27; his campaign in
the Crimea, 29; exile of, 31
Galitzin, Prince Dmitri I (d. 1738),
Russian statesman: library of, 15,
86; in the supreme privy council,
95; his relations with Anne, 103,
106; defeats Pugatchev, 168
Galitzin, Prince Michael (1674-1730),
Russian general: at Poltava, 15, 54;
his campaigns against the Swedes,
64, 67
Galitzins, Russian noble family of the
17th century: faction of, 15, 26
Gallas, Matthias von (1 584-1 647), Aus-
trian soldier: his campaign in the
Thirty Years' War, 9, 191, 18, 286,
288, 291
Gallatin, Albert (1761-1849), American
statesman and financier: appointed
Secretary of Treasury, 23, 388; abil-
ity of, 392; sent to St. Petersburg,
428; report on highway construc-
tion, 441; describes Jackson, 478
Gallegas, Mariquita (Perichole) (ca.
1767), Spanish actress: sketch of,
21, 50
Galletti, Joseph (ca. 1848), Roman
revolutionist: leader in insurrection
in Rome, 4, 365
Gallia, Province of Gaul: description
of, 3, 292
Gallicians (Gallaici), tribe of Spain:
description of, 8, 7
Gallieni, Joseph Simon (b. 1849),
French officer and African explorer:
his expedition through Africa, 19,
149; crushes insurrection in Mada-
gascar, 213
Gallienus, Publius Lisinius (d. 268 A.
D.), Roman Emperor: reign of, 4,
no
Gallipoli, Turkey: siege of (1366), 4,
276; captured by the Turks (1356),
14, 27
Gallissoniere: see Galissoniere
Gallo, Pedro Leon (19th century),
Chilian military commander: in the
revolt of Copiapo, 31, 219
Galloway, Joseph (1730-1803), Amer-
ican loyalist: delegate to first Conti-
nental Congress, 23, 223; prominent
Tory of Pennsylvania, 294
Gallus, .ffilius (1st century B. C),
GENERAL INDEX
277
Roman general: his campaigns in
the East, i, 187
Gallus (Caius Vibius Trebonianus)
(205-253 A. D.), Roman Emperor:
pays tribute to Goths, 18, 29
Gallus, Hostilius (d. 282 A. D.),
Roman officer: made emperor, 4,
109
Galsunta (ca. 550 A. D.), Spanish
princess: sketch of, 18, 62
Gait (19th century), American mili-
tary officer: in the Mexican War,
22, 348
Gait, Peder (17th century), Danish
admiral: in the War of 1643-1645,
16, 202 note
Galton, Francis (1822 ), English
scientist: explorations of, 19, 52
Galvani of Bologna, Luigo (1737-
1798), Italian physician: sketch of,
4, 339
Galvez, Bernardo de (1756-1794),
Spanish count: campaigns in Amer-
ica, 22, 212, 213
Galvez, Jose (1 729-1 787), Spanish
statesman: conquers West Florida,
8, 416; appointed visitador, 22, 202
Galvez, Jose (d. 1866), Peruvian
statesman: death of, 31, 207
Galvez, Matias de (1731-1784), Span-
ish politician: his administration as
viceroy of New Spain, 22, 212
Gama, Estavan de (16th century),
Portuguese naval officer, cousin of
Vasco de Gama: voyage to India,
8, 327
Gama, Estavan de (16th century), son
of Vasco de Gama: viceroy of the
Indies, 8, 435
Gama, Franciso de (ca. 1550), Portu-
guese commander: expels Dutch
from the Indian seas, 8, 459
Gama, Paulo de (ca. 1500), Portu-
guese admiral: suppresses mutiny
against Vasco de Gama, 8, 325
Gama, Vasco de, Count of Vidigueira,
a Portuguese navigator: born at
Sives, Portugal, about 1409; became
a skilled mariner and a gentleman
of the king's household; com-
manded a royal expedition to the
East Indies, doubling the Cape of
Good Hope, 1497; arrived at Cali-
cut, 1498; returned to Lisbon, 1499;
made Admiral of the Indies, 1499;
made a second voyage, 1502-1503;
made viceroy of India, 1524; died at
Cochin, India, December 24, 1524
Voyages of, 5, 138, 148, 8, 325,
327, 19, 18, 20, 39, 21, 14, 23, 25;
death of, 5, 149, 8, 434
Gamaleya (18th century), Russian edi-
tor: cooperates with Novikov, 15,
194
Gamarra, Agustin (1785-1841), Peruv-
ian general: rebellion of, 21, 193;
made president of Peru, 193; death
of, 187, 196
Gambetta, Leon (1838-1882), French
statesman: in the elections of 1869,
9, 458; proclaims the third republic,
466; escapes from Paris, 468; op-
poses Thiers's government, 475; in
the Franco- Prussian War, 18, 425;
his influence on African affairs, 19,
154; ministry of, 9, 482; death of,
483
Gambia, British colony in Africa:
government of, 20, 258
Gambier, James, Baron (1756-1833),
English admiral: bombards Copen-
hagen, 16, 256
Gambier Islands, South Pacific: un-
der French rule, 20, 276
Gandamak, Treaty of, concluded be-
tween Great Britain and Afghan-
istan (1879), 5, 257
Ganges, a river in India: description
of, 5, 8
Ganges Canal, India: opened, 5, 223
Gangud, Finland: victory of (1714),
15, 64
Ganilh, Charles (1758-1836), French
writer: appointed deputy to the
Versailles Assembly, 10, 69
Ganjeh, Persia: battle of (1827), 5,
359
Gante, Padre (ca. 1500), a Spanish
ecclesiastic: preacher in Mexico, 22,
67
Garat, Dominique Joseph (1749-1833),
French politician: opposes Napo-
leon, 9, 319
Garay (d. 1573), Spanish administra-
tor: usurps the governorship of the
La Plata provinces, 21, 42
278
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Garcia, King of Asturias and Leon,
910-914 A. D.: reign of, 8, 134
Garcia (nth century), King of Ga-
licia: reign of, 8, 142
Garcia (I) Sanchez (Garcia Ifiiguez),
King of Navarre, 885-905: reign of,
8, 195, 197
Garcia (II) el Trembloso, King of
Navarre, 924-970 A. D.; reign of,
8, 199
Garcia III, King of Navarre, 1035-
1054: reign of, 8, 200; death of, 141
Garcia (IV) Ramirez, King of Na-
varre, 1 1 34-1 1 50: at war with Al-
fonso VII of Leon, 8, 145; acces-
sion and reign of, 201, 235
Garcia (ca. 1800), South American
patriot: made Minister of Finance,
21, 120; his mission to Brazil, 121
Garcia, Lizardo (ca. 1900), South
American patriot: his administration
as ruler of Ecuador, 21, 244
Garcia, Sancho (d. 1026), Count of
Castile: rebellion of, 8, 138
Gardar (ca. 850 A. D.), Swedish navi-
gator: visits Iceland, 16, 44
Garden of the West: see Kansas
Garderike: see Russia
Gardie, Count Magnus de la (1622-
1686), Swedish statesman: a mem-
ber of the council of regency, 16,
210; impoverishment of, 212
Gardie, Ponte de la (1530-1585),
French general in Swedish service:
campaign against Russia, 16, 167,
173
Gardien (d. 1793), French deputy:
death of, 10, 279
Gardiner, Luke, Lord Mountjoy (d.
1798), English statesman: intro-
duces bill to relieve Irish Catholics
from their disabilities, 12, 181; sup-
ports free trade movement, 183;
death of, 212
Gardiner, Stephen (1490-1555), Eng-
lish prelate: obtains appointment of
Wolsey as papal legate, 11, 246;
made chancellor, 269
Garfield, James Abram, an American
general and statesman, the twen-
tieth President of the United
States: born in Orange, Ohio, No-
vember 19, 1831; was graduated
from Williams College, Mass., with
distinction, 1856; elected to the sen-
ate of Ohio, 1859; became colonel
of the Forty-second Ohio Volun-
teers, 1861; promoted to the rank
of brigadier-general, 1862; was ap-
pointed chief of staff by General
Rosecrans, 1863; was made major-
general for gallantry at the battle
of Chickamauga, 1863; served in
Congress, 1863-1880; elected United
States Senator from Ohio, 1880;
elected President of the United
States, 1880; was inaugurated,
March 4, 1881; shot in Washington
by an assassin, July 2, 1881; died at
Long Branch, N. J., September 19,
1881
Member of Electoral Commis-
sion, 24, 913 note; candidate for
Speaker of the House, 916; nomi-
nates Sherman, 928; Presidential
candidate (1880), 929; sketch of,
929; resists Conkling, 933; assassi-
nation of, 934
Garganus, Mount: see Mount Gar-
ganus
Garibald, King of the Bavarians, 553-
590 A. D.: his daughter marries
Autharis, 18, 54
Garibaldi, Giuseppe, an Italian soldier
and patriot, called the Hero of Mod-
ern Italy and the Warrior of Free-
dom: born at Nice, Italy, July 4,
1807; took part in the movement of
the Young Italians, 1833 and 1834,
and was therefore exiled; went to
South America, 1836, and entered
the service of the Republic of Rio
Grande, winning for himself the
title of the Hero of Montevideo; re-
turned to Italy, 1848; served the
Roman Republic, 1849; lived as an
exile in the United States, 1850-
1854; lived as a farmer on the
Island of Caprera, 1854-1859; served
in the war of Sardinia and France
against Austri 1 , 1859; led an expe-
dition against the Two Sicilies,
i860; retired again to Caprera upon
the union of Sardinia and the Two
Sicilies and the proclamation of
Victor Emanuel as King of Italy,
GENERAL INDEX
279
1861; led expeditions against the
Papal States, 1862 and 1867, but was
defeated both times; served with the
French in the Franco-Prussian
War, 1870-1871; became a member
of the Italian Parliament, 1875;
died on the Island of Caprera, June
2, 1882
His services in South America,
21, 126, 139; aids republicans of
Italy, 4, 367; aids Sicilian insur-
gents, 377; enters Naples, 380; plots
to join Rome to the kingdom of
Italy, 386; retires to Caprera, 384;
his campaign in the Tyrol, 390; in-
cites revolts in Rome, 391; defends
Rome, 9, 439; in the Franco-Prus-
sian War, 18, 425
Garibay, Pedro (ca. 1800), Spanish
viceroy: his administration as vice-
roy of New Spain, 22, 231
Garigliano, Italy: battle of (1504), 9,
133
Garland, Augustus Hill (1832-1899),
American politician: member of the
senate, 24, 916; Attorney-General,
950 note
Garland, William A. (early 19th cen-
tury), American colonel: in the
Mexican War, 22, 348
Gamier, Marie Joseph Frangois (1839-
l &73)> French explorer: campaign
in the Tonkin, 20, 273
Garnier-Pages, Louis Antoine (1803-
1878), French politician: made
mayor of Paris, 9, 435; fined, 454;
in the elections of 1869, 458
Garrett, Thomas (ca. 1850), American
abolitionist: aids slaves to escape,
24, 617
Garrison, Cornelius (ca. 1850), Amer-
ican engineer: manager of San
Francisco office of Accessory Tran-
sit Company, 24, 626
Garrison, William Lloyd, an Amer-
ican philanthropist and abolitionist,
called the Great Emancipator: born
at Newburyport, Mass., December
10, 1805; was apprenticed to the
printer's trade and while learning
this trade wrote extensively upon
political topics, carefully reserving
his incognito; was joint editor with
Benjamin Lundy of Baltimore of
an anti-slavery paper; was in prison
on libel charges for seven weeks,
1830; published " The Liberator," an
abolitionist paper, at Boston, 183 1-
1865; established an abolition so-
ciety at Boston, 1832; was President
of the American Anti-Slavery So-
ciety, 1843-1865; died in New York
City, May 24, 1879
Leader of abolition movement,
3 4> 573; attacked by mob, 574; aids
slaves to escape, 617; joins liberal
movement, 890
Garter, Order of the, highest order of
knighthood in Great Britain, dating
from the 14th century, 11, 163
Garza, Felix la (ca. 1800), Mexican
leader: leads revolt, 22, 258
Gasparin, Adrien fitienne Pierre
(1783-1862), French politician and
agriculturist: made minister of the
Interior in Mole's cabinet, 9, 410
" Gaspee, The," British revenue
schooner: burned by colonials, 23,
218
Gassion, Jean de (1609-1647), French
general: suppresses insurrection in
Normandy, 9, 193
Gastein, Treaty of, concluded between
Austria and Prussia (1865), 16,
275, X7, 391
Gaston, Duke of Orleans: see Or-
leans, Jean Baptiste Gaston, Duke
of
Gate of the Mediterranean, The: see
Gibraltar
Gates, Horatio (1728-1806), American
general: in Braddock's expedition,
23, 179; his campaign against Corn-
wallis, 9, 255; at battle of Saratoga,
12, 181; appointed commander-in-
chief of the Southern forces, 23,
274; succeeds Schuyler in New
York, 254; quarrels with Arnold,
255; plots in his favor, 261
Gath, city of the Philistines: con-
quered by David, 1, 385
Gauchos, peasantry in the Platine
states of South America: descrip-
tion of, 21, 118
Gaudet, Marguerite Elie: see Guadet,
Marguerite Elie
280
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Gaudin, Emile (ca. 1799), French
revolutionist: proposes a vote of
thanks to the council of ancients,
10, 413
Gaudin, Martin Michel Charles, Duke
of Gaeta (1756-1844), French minis-
ter of finance: his financial reforms,
9, 319
Gaugamela, Assyria: battle of (331 B.
C), 1, 169
Gaul, the ancient name for France:
conquered by Csesar, 11, 6; suppres-
sion of the mutiny in, 4, 76; out-
break of the laboring party, 115;
overrun by barbarians, 139; becomes
France, 162; see also France
Gaul, Cisalpine, Gaul south of the
Alps: receives full citizenship, 3,
392
Gaul, The Constantine of: see Clovis
Gaul, Transalpine, Gaul beyond the
Alps: growth of Italian civilization
in, 3, 392
Gauls, leading division of the Celtic
race: description of, 3, 294; revolt
against Rome, 18, 23; invade Brit-
ain, 11, 6
Gauls, the Apostle of the: see Denis,
Saint
Gaumala, Israel: siege of (67 A. D.),
1, 411
Gautama: see Buddha
Gautsch von Frankenthurn, Paul
(185 1 ), Austrian statesman:
made premier of Austria, 17, 435;
second premiership of, 438
Gaveston, Piers, Earl of Cornwall (d.
1312), favourite of Edward II of
England: career of, IX, 152
Gawler, George (1796-1869), British
colonial official: governor of South
Australia, 20, 193
Gaza, Syria: besieged by Alexander
the Great, I, 168; battle of, 8, 205;
taken by Alexander, 2, 495; by Na-
poleon (1799), 14, 382
Gazi Hassan, Turkish admiral: plans
reorganization of Turkish forces,
14, 342; policy of, 350; commands
Turkish army, 356; his unsuccessful
efforts to improve the navy, 372;
death of, 357
Gedge (ca. 1890), English explorer:
his explorations in Africa, 19, 188
Gedrosia (Baluchistan), ancient Asi-
atic country: Alexander in, 2, 502
Geer, Baron Louis Gerhard de (1818-
1896), Swedish statesman: minis-
try of, 16, 278
Geffrard, Fabre (1806-1879), Haytian
general and politician: leads insur-
rection, 22, 500; elected president
of Hayti, 501
Gehwor ben Mohammed (ca. 1030),
Cordovian Caliph: reign of, 8, 85
Geijer, Erik Gustaf (1783-1847),
Swedish historian and poet: quoted
on the Act of Union, 16, 123; sketch
of, 264
Geiseric (Genseric) (d. 477 A. D.),
King of the Vandals: invades
Africa, 4, 147, 18, 39; invades Italy
and sacks Rome, 4, 149; summoned
to Rome, 18, 43; death of, 4, 150
Geiza I, King of Hungary, 972-997 A.
D.; reign of, 17, 44, 46
Geiza II, King of Hungary, 1141-
11 61: reign of, 17, 53
Gela, Sicily: tyrants of, 2, 217; taken
by Carthaginians, 412
Gelders, Holland: taken by the
French (1672), 18, 300
Gelimer, King of Vandals, 530-534 A.
D.: defeat of, 18, 49
Gellir, Thord (ca. 964 A. D.), Swed-
ish statesman: reforms of, 16, 299
Gelo (Gelon), Tyrant of Syracuse,
485-478 B. C: reign of, 2, 217
. Gelterkinden, Switzerland: battle of
(1832), 13, 537
Gelves, Diego Carrillo Mendoza,
Marques de, viceroy of New Spain,
1621-1624: administration of, 22, 153
Gembloux, Belgium: battle of (1578),
13, 130
Gemmyo, Empress of Japan, 708 A.
D.: reign of, 7, 31
Gemot, The Great: see Great Gemot,
The
General, No-flint: see Grey, Charles,
Earl Grey
General, The Blind: see Zisca, John
of
General Court of Masachusetts : pow-
GENERAL INDEX
281
ers of, 23, 119; directs establishment
of public schools, 140; regulates
dress, 154
General Society, English trading com-
pany: organized (1698), 5, 158
Genet, Edmond Charles (1765-1834)*
French diplomat: minister to the
United States, 23, 359
Geneva, Switzerland: conditions in,
under Calvin, 13, 449; siege of
(1602), 459; reforms in, 498; united
to France, 10, 399
Geneva, Convention of, international
convention of various European
states (1864), 13, 562
Geneva Arbitration, The, a treaty be-
tween England and the United
States (1872), 11, 628, 24, 884
Genghis Khan (Jenghiz Khan, Jinghis
Khan, Jengis Khan, Chinghis Khan,
Chingis Khan, Djenguiz Khan,
Dschengis Chan, or Tchenguyz
Khan), originally Temujin (Temu-
chin, Temuchen, or Temudjin), a
Mongol conquerer born in Mongolia
about 1 162; succeeded his father as
chief of the tribe Neyrun, 1175; in
consequence of civil war was
obliged to flee to the Khan of the
Keraite Tartars, 1178; made himself
master of the Keraites, 1203; made
himself chief of Mongolia, 1204;
took the name " Genghis Khan,"
1206; crossed the Great Wall, 1211;
sacked and burned Peking, 1215;
had conquered all Turkestan, 1218;
conquered central Asia, 1218-1221;
ravaged Balkh, Khorassan, and
Persia; penetrated Europe as far as
the Dnieper; plundered Asia as far
south as the Sutlej; was the founder
of what afterwards became the Mo-
gul Empire; maintained strict order
through his vast domains; estab-
lished a postal system; tolerated all
religions; died at Liupan, China,
August 18, 1227
Invades India, 5, 97; his con-
quests, 334; plans subjugation of
Japan, 7, 73; ancestor of Timur the
Great, 14, 46
Genlis, Count de: see Sillery, Marquis
de
Genoa, Italy: wars with Pisa, 4,
236; at war with Venice, 14, 25; his-
tory of, in the Middle Ages, 4, 238;
in the fifteenth century, 305; at war
with Turkey, 14, 84; leader in com-
merce with the East, 23, 22; birth-
place of Columbus, 26; bombarded
C1683-1684), 4, 325, 9, 213; surren-
ders to the Austrians, 4, 334; to
Napoleon (1797), 344; siege of
(1800), 4, 345, 9, 3i6, 18, 363
Genseric: see Geiseric
Gensaleic, King of the Visgoths, 506-
511 A. D.: usurps the throne, 8, 39
Gensonne, Armand (1758-1793),
French revolutionist: leads Girond-
ist party, 9, 272; attacked by Robe-
spierre and Marat, 10, 254; death of,
279
Genthius (second century B. C), King
of the Illyrians: defeated by the
Romans, 17, 11
Gentle Shepherd, The: see Grenville,
George (1712-1770)
Gentleman George: see George IV,
King of England
Gentleman of Europe, First: see
George IV, King of England
Gentlemen, Southern, of the United
States: political talents, social char-
acter, 24, 590
Gentz, Frederick von (1764-1832),
German publicist and diplomat: ca-
reer of, 17, 292; in the Austrian
service, 320
Genucius, Gnaeus (d. 473 B. C),
Roman tribune: murder of, 3, 43
Geoffrey, Count of Brittany (1158-
1186), English nobleman: marries
Constance of Brittany, II, 109;
death, 109
Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of An-
jou (1113-1151), Norman noble:
marries Empress Matilda, 11, 93;
conquers Normandy, 95; death of,
96
Geography, The Father of Physical:
see Humboldt, Alexander von
Geok Tepe, Asiatic Russia: siege of
(1881), 5, 367
George (early 19th century), King of
Georgia: resigns crown to Russia,
5, 358, 15, 213
282
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
George I (1660-1727), King of Great
Britain, 1714-1727: accession of, II,
466, 18, 319; reign of, II, 467; as-
sumes possession of Bremen and
Verden, 16, 222; assists Sweden
against Russia, 15, 67; menaces
Russia, 95 ; death of, II, 477
George II (1683-1760), King of Great
Britain, 1727-1760, called The Little
Captain, and Prince Tite: reign of,
II, 477; campaigns of, 18, 330;
aids Maria Theresa, 13, 255; loath
to yield Louisburg, 23, 166; death
of, 11, 503, 18, 341
George III (1738-1820), King of
Great Britain, 1760-1820, called
Farmer George: accession of, 11,
503; reign of, 504; determines to
force tax on colonists, 23, 218; re-
fuses to receive petition from Amer-
ican colonies, 237; his communica-
tions with the Emperor of China,
6, 119; death of, II, 573
George IV (1762-1830), King of Great
Britain, 1820-1830, called the First
Gentleman of Europe, Prince Flori-
zel and Gentleman George: assumes
regency for his father, 11, 564;
reign of, 573; death of, 585
George I (1845 ), King of Greece,
1863 : accepts throne of Greece,
2, 546
George V (1819-1878), King of Han-
over, 1851-1878: defeat of, 18, 410
George (early 17th century), Duke of
Brunswick: defeats the imperialists,
18, 285
George I, Elector of Hanover: see
George I, King of England
George (early 17th century), Duke of
Liineburg: fails Gustavus Adolphus,
16, 183
George (1653-1708), Prince of Den-
mark: joins William of Orange, 11,
430
George (1869 ), Prince of Greece:
supported by Russia, 15, 350
George, Farmer: see George III,
King of Great Britain
George, Gentleman: see George IV,
King of Great Britain
George of Podiebrad: see Podiebrad,
George of
George von Wildenstein (14th cen-
tury), Abbot of St. Gall: adminis-
tration of, 13, 389
George Brankovic (ca. 1427), Servian
ruler: succeeds Stephen Laserovic,
14, 60
George Castriot: see Scanderbeg
George Frederick (early 17th cen-
tury), Margrave of Baden: defeat
of, 18, 272
George Frederick Ernest Albert
(1865 ), Prince of Wales: visits
India, 5, 309
George Petrovich: see Czerny George
George William (early 17th century),
Elector of Brandenburg: his rela-
tions with Gustavus Adolphus, 18,
280
Georgia, Transcaucasian Russia: occu-
pied by Turkey, 15, 79; annexed to
Russia, 5, 358, 15, 213
Georgia, State of, one of the United
States, called the Empire State of
the South: founded, 20, 85; growth
of, 109; proprietary colony under
Oglethorpe, 23, 80; plan of govern-
ment of, 80; first settlement, 81;
dissatisfaction after departure of
Oglethorpe, 81; becomes a royal
colony, 81, 115; first representative
assembly introduced (1752), 120; ex-
periments with a single legislative
house, 10, 88 note; population at
beginning of the Revolution, 23,
126; Scotch-Irish settle in, 127; co-
lonial newspapers, 144; Church of
England established, 149; reduced
to subjection to Crown, 272; refuses
to surrender power of regulating
commerce, 311; fails to pay her
share of national government ex-
penses (1780. 313', choses delegates
for Constitutional Convention, 323;
ratifies the Constitution, 336; trou-
bles over Indian claims, 469; trouble
with Cherokees, 486; delegates op-
pose slavery clause in Declaration
of Independence, 24, 563; cedes ter-
ritory to national government, 567;
circulation of Garrison's paper for-
bidden, 574; secession, 688; Confed-
erates seize Forts Pulaski and Jack-
son, 691; Sherman's march through,
GENERAL INDEX
283
802; legislature refuses seats to ne-
gro members-elect, 847; readmitted,
848; Democrats regain control, 873;
The Atlanta Exposition, 1010
Gepidae, Germanic tribe: settle in
Transylvania and Hungary, 17, 14;
drive back Huns, 16; defeated by
the Lombards (565 A. D.), 17; de-
struction of, 18, 51
Geraldine League, Irish clan: First,
formed (1537), 12, 81; Second,
formed (ca. 1567), 90
Geraldine Rebellion, The (ca. 1560),
in Ireland, 12, 89
Gerard, Archbishop of Mayence (ca.
1291), German churchman: influence
of, 18, 183
Gerard, Balthasar (d. 1584), French
fanatic: assassinates the Prince of
Orange, II, 293, 13, 142
Gerard, Conrad A. (18th century),
English diplomat: signs Treaty of
Versailles, 23, 267
Gerard, Count fitienne Maurice (1773-
1852), marshal of France: becomes
minister of public instruction, 9,
401; ministry of, 406; his campaign
in the Netherlands, 13, 302; his cam-
paign against Russia, 15, 248
Gerbillon, Jean Frangois (1634-1707),
French Jesuit missionary: in China,
6, 67, 77
Gerdt, Count (15th century), Danish
nobleman: his claims on Holstein,
16, 135
Gergovia (Clermont), Gaul: siege of
(52 B. C), 9, 10
Gerhard III (Black Geert) (1292-
1340), Count of Holstein: in Den-
mark, 16, 113
Gerhard VI (d. 1404), Duke of Sles-
vig-Holstein: in the Slesvig-Hol-
stein controversy, 16, 266; death of,
125
Gerhard VII (ca. 1413), Count of
Holstein: protests his loyalty, 16,
126
Gerlache, fitienne Constantin, Baron
de (1785-1871), Belgian historian
and statesman: member of Belgian
provisional government, 13, 297; ex-
plorations of, 16, 334
Germain, Lord George Sackville
(1716-1785), English soldier: plans
invasion of New York State, 23,
251; fails to send dispatch to Gen-
eral Howe, 23, 252
Germain de Paris (of Auxerre), Saint
(d. 576 A. D.), French bishop:
teaches St. Patrick, 12, 27
German African Company (1878):
work of, 19, 89
German Anti-Slavery Society: places
a steamer on Lake Nyasa, 19, 142
German Colonial Society: formed
(1882), 19, 90; unites with the Ger-
man Colonization Society, 138; in-
corporated, 174
German Colonization, Society for
(1884): founded, 19, 129
German Confederation, The, a league
of German states formed 1815:
description of, 16, 258, 18, 392
German East Africa, German depend-
ency in Africa: sketch of, 19, 127,
20, 301
German East Africa Company, asso-
ciation of Germans: founded, 19,
130; incorporated by imperial char-
ter, 138; buys the coast rights of the
sultan of Zanzibar, 142; experiments
with tea, coffee and other cultures,
144
German Knights, Order of the, Ger-
man monks: Otto enters the, 16,
114; description of, 18, 173, 195, 199,
215; see also Teutonic Knights
German Paul, The: see Luther, Mar-
tin
German Plantation Company: work
of, 19, 179
German Planters' Company: formed,
19, 139
German Southwest African Company:
obtains land, 19, 106
German Togoland Company: sketch
of, 19, 180
German West Africa, German depend-
ency in Africa: sketch of, 19, 172,
20, 300
" Germania," celebrated work by Tac-
itus relating to the Germans: issued,
18, 439
Germanicus Caesar, a Roman general,
nephew of the Emperor Tiberius:
born in 15 B. C. : adopted by Tibe-
284
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
rius 4 A. D.; accompanied Tibe-
rius in his campaigns in Dalmatia,
7-10 A. D., and in Germany, 11 A.
D.; made commander-in-chief of
the legions on the Rhine, 14 A. D.;
gained many and important vic-
tories; recalled because of the jeal-
ousy of Tiberius, 17 A. D.; given
command of the eastern provinces,
18 A. D.; died near Antioch, 19 A.
D., and is said to have been poi-
soned by order of the emperor
Commands forces in Germany, 4,
45; his campaign in Germany, 4, 47,
18, 20; in the east, 4, 48; death of,
18, 21
Germans, a people of central Europe:
in the time of Caesar, 3, 300; con-
tribute to Austrian history, 17, 5;
influence of, 6; seek religious free-
dom in Maryland, 23, 72; settle in
North Carolina, 74; included in
Penn's Colony, 113; in New Jersey
and Delaware, 126; see also Teu-
tons
Germans, The Apostle of the: see
Boniface, Saint
Germantown, Pennsylvania: battle of
(1777), 33, 260
Germany, a county of central Eu-
rope: condition of the Jews, I, 420;
in relation to modern Greece, 2,
548; to China, 6, 264, 272, 296; rela-
tion to the Eastern Question, 14,
7; treaty with China (1898), 7, 277;
neutrality in Berlin Congress, 14,
487; becomes ally of Turkey, 505,
508; enters the African field, 19,
86; in the Cameroons and the Gulf
of Guinea, 105; present African pos-
sessions of, 257; recognizes Sa-
moan independence, 24, 977; arbi-
tration treaty with the United
States, 1076
Germany, History of: the ancient Ger-
mans and their country, 18, 3; the
wars with Rome, 10; Hermann, the
first German leader, 17; the first
three centuries of our era, 23; the
migration of the Goths, 31; the in-
vasion of the Huns, 38; the rise and
fall of the Ostrogoths, 45; Europe
at the end of the migrations of the
races, 53; the kingdom of the
Franks, 59; the dynasty of the may-
ors of the palace, 67; the reign of
Charlemagne, 78; the emperors of
the Carolingian line, 89; Conrad I
and the Saxon dynasty, 103; the de-
cline of the Saxon dynasty, 116;
the Franconian emperors, 124; end
of the Franconian dynasty, and rise
of the Hohenstaufens, 139; the reign
of Frederick Barbarossa, 147; the
reign of Frederick II and the end of
the Hohenstaufen line, 158; the in-
terregnum, 171; from Rudolf of
Hapsburg to Lewis of Bavaria, 179;
the Luxemburg emperors, Charles
IV and Wenzel, 192; the reign of
Sigismund and the Hussite war,
201; the foundation of the Haps-
burg dynasty, 212; the reign of Max-
imilian I, 225; the Reformation, 233;
growth of Protestantism, 254; be-
ginning of the Thirty Years' War,
265; end of the Thirty Years' War,
288; decline of imperial power, 298;
the War of Spanish Succession, 311;
the reign of Frederick the Great,
326; Maria Theresa and Joseph II,
347; the end of the German empire,
354; Germany under Napoleon, 371;
the War of Liberation; reaction,
387; the Revolution of 1848 and its
results, 398; the struggle with Aus-
tria; the North German Confedera-
tion, 407; the Franco-Prussian War,
415; the German empire, 428
Gero, Count of Saxony (d. 965 A. D.),
German hero: his campaigns against
the Wends, 18, no
Gerona, Spain: siege of (1283), 8,
246; battle of (1808), 10, 477
Gerry, Elbridge (1744-1814), Amer-
ican statesman: in Constitutional
Convention, 23, 323; refuses to sign
the Constitution, 334; opposes rati-
fication in Massachusetts of the
Constitution, 336; signs Declaration
of Independence, 342; in first Con-
gress, 342; sent to France by Wash-
ington, 273\ Vice-President, 434
Gershom Mendes Seixas, Rabbi (ca.
I 797) Jewish churchman: leads col-
ony of Jews to Philadelphia, 1, 425
GENERAL INDEX
285
Gerstenzweig (ca. 1861), Polish states-
man: death of, 15, 326
Gertrude (ca. 1230), Austrian prin-
cess: betrothed to Vladislav III of
Bohemia, 17, 70
Gertrude, daughter of Lothar II (ca.
1 125), German princess: marries
Henry the Proud, 18, 143
Gertrude of Meran (ca. 1205), Queen
of Hungary: death of, 17, 55
Gervais, Alfred Albert, French ad-
miral: his visit to Russia (1891), 15,
344
Geshov, Ivan (ca. 864), Bulgarian di-
plomatist: sketch of, 15, 33s
Gesiths, the war band of the Angles:
description of, IX, 20
Gessi Pasha (19th century), African
soldier in English army: defeats the
forces of Suleiman, 19, 167
Gessner, Konrad von (1516-1565),
Swiss naturalist and scholar:
sketch of, 13, 455
Gessner, Salomon (ca. 1758), Swiss
poet: sketch of, 13, 490
Geta, Publius Septimus (189-212 A
D.), Roman Emperor, 211-212 A.
D. : death of, 4, 102
Getae, tribe of Thrace: invade India,
5, 73
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania: battle of
(1863), 24, 778; national cemetery
dedicated, 783; Lincoln's address at,
783
Gevaerts, Jan Kaspar (1 593-1 666),
Belgian philologist: negotiates
treaty with the States of the Neth-
erlands, 13, 184
Gezer, Syria: captured by the Egyp-
tians, 1, 387
Ghats, mountain range in India: de
scription of, 5, 15
Ghazali (d. 1520), governor of Syria:
crushed by Suleiman the Great,
14, 146
Ghazan Mahmud (1271-1304), Persian
ruler: reign of, 5, 336
Ghazi Mollah (d. 1833), Mohamme-
dan leader: in the insurrection in
the Caucasus, 15, 298
Ghazni, Afghanistan: siege of (1839),
5, 217
Ghent, Belgium: insurrections of
(1138), 13, 33; (1539). 58; siege of
(1789), 261
Ghent, Pacification of, a union con-
cluded (1576) between the provinces
of Netherlands against Spanish su-
premacy, 13, 123
Ghent, Treaty of, a treaty concluded
between Great Britain and the Uni-
ted States (1814): terms of, 23, 429;
disagreement of commission pro-
vided by, 443; provides for a com-
mission to settle Northeast Bound-
ary Dispute, 24, 529
Ghent, van (d. 1672), Dutch admiral:
death of, 13, 236
Gherardesca, Ugolino, Count of the:
see Ugolino, Count of the Gher-
ardesca
Gheria, India: battle of (1763), 5, 187
Ghibellines, Imperial party of Italy in
the Midde Ages: rise of, 4, 199; po-
litical cry of, 18, 144
Ghiberti, Lorenzo (1378-1455), Italian
sculptor: his effect on the Renais-
sance, 4, 284
Ghika, Gregory (d. 1777), Turkish
soldier: death of, 17, 249
Ghirlandaio (Domenico Corradi)
(1450-1495), Italian painter: in-
structs Michael Angelo, 4, 297
Ghiyas-ud-din Tughtak (ca. 1300),
Ruler of India: founds dynasty, 5,
101
Ghulam Mohammed (d. 1877), Indian
prince: sketch of, 5, 200
Ghurgin Khan (d. 1707), Russian gov-
ernor of Kandahar: oppresses the
Ghilzis, 5, 348
Giafieri (d. 1618), French conspira-
tor: member of plot against Venice,
4, 315
Giambelli, Federigo (ca. 1 570-1 590),
Italian engineer: at the siege of
Antwerp, 13, 148
Gian Galeazzo (ca. 1350), Italian no-
ble: reign of, 4, 219
Giano della Bella (ca. 1250), Italian
statesman: reforms of, 4, 228
Giants, Battle of the: see Marignano:
battle of (1515)
Gibbon, Edward (1737-1794), English
historian: visits Switzerland, 13,
489
286
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Gibbon, John (i 827-1896), -American
general: in expedition against Sit-
ting Bull, 24, 905
Gibbons (ca. 1600), English explorer:
voyages of, 16, 304
Gibbs, James (1825-1886), Indian civil
service: sketch of, 5, 262
Gibeon, Palestine: battle of, 1, 377
Gibraltar, Spain, called The Gate of
the Mediterranean, and The Key of
the Mediterranean: origin of the
name, I, 312; sieges of (1329), 8,
112; (1607), 13, 183; (1704), 9, 221,
18, 33i; (I70S), 8, 394, IX, 456, 13,
250; (1779), 8, 417; (1782), 9, 256,
11, 523; history of, 20, 253; govern-
ment of, 254
Gibraltar of America, or o the New
World, The: see Quebec
Gibraltar of the West Indies, The: see
Bermudas, The
Giddings, Joshua Reed (1795-1864),
American anti-slavery leader: mem-
ber of Buffalo Convention (1848),
24, 548; aids cause of negro abduc-
tion, 617
Gideon (d. 1236 B. C.) Hebrew war-
rior: defeats the Ammonites, 1, 377
Giers, Nikolaide (1820-1895), Russian
statesman: death of, 15, 346
Giglius (ca. 1550), Belgian diplomat:
member of governing council of the
Netherlands, 13, 120
Gil (Gill), Juan Bautista (d. 1877),
Paraguayan politician: made presi-
dent of Paraguay, 21, 161; his ad-
ministration, 260
Gil Colunje (ca. 1850), South Ameri-
can patriot: made president of
Panama, 21, 89
Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, an English
soldier and navigator, half-brother
to Sir Walter Raleigh: born near
Dartmouth, England, 1539; edu-
cated at Eton and Oxford for the law,
but entered the army; suppressed a
rebellion in Ireland, 1570, was made
governor of Munster and knighted;
served in the Netherlands, 1570-1575;
was authorized by the English gov-
ernment to take possession of any
uncolonized land in North America
upon payment to the government of
one-fifth of all the gold and silver
found there, 1578; attempted an ex-
pedition for discovery and coloniza-
tion, 1578-1579, but failed; started
again, 1583; established a colony on
Newfoundland, August 5, 1583; on
his return voyage, was lost at sea
off the Azores, September 9, 1583
Expeditions to America, 20, 84,
23, 52
Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester:
see Gloucester, Gilbert de Clare,
Earl of
Gilden, political organizations of
Flanders in the 9th and 10th cen-
turies A. D.: description of, 13, 18
Gillespie (ca. 1800), English colonel
in Indian service: suppresses Vel-
lor mutiny, 5, 204
Gillespie, George (1613-1648), Scot-
tish Presbyterian minister: sketch
of, 12, 358
Gillespie, George L. (ca. 1825),
American lieutenant: his mission to
Fremont, 22, 295
Gilyan, Persia: ceded to Russia
(1722), 15, 79
Gimirrai: see Kimmerians
Ginkle (Ginkel or Ginckell), Godert
(1630-1703), Dutch soldier: at sieges
of Limerick (1690), 12, 146; (1691),
153; of Athlone, 150; created Earl
of Athlone, 155
Giolitti, Giovanni (1844 ), Italian
statesman: ministry of, 4, 405
Giornico, Switzerland: battle of
(1478), 13, 414
Giotto (Bondone) (1276-1336), Ital-
ian painter: sketch of, 4, 412
Giovanni Maria Visconti (d. ca. 1410),
Duke of Milan: death of, 4, 250
Gipps, Sir George (1791-1847), British
statesman: governor of New South
Wales, 20, 210
Giraldus Cambrensis or Gerald of
Wales (1 146-1220), British histo-
rian: work of, 11, 116
Girard, Father (1 765-1 850), Swiss
teacher: persecuted, 13, 529
Girard, Stephen, an American mer-
chant and banker: born near Bor-
deaux, France, May 24, 1750; was
a cabin-boy, a mate and finally mas-
GENERAL INDEX
287
ter of a coasting-vessel; settled in
Philadelphia and became the owner
of a fleet of merchant-vessels;
founded a private bank in Philadel-
phia, 1812; at times was a public
benefactor, but had no friends; died
without issue at Philadelphia, De-
cember 26, 1831, and left two mil-
lions for the founding of a school
for orphan boys
One of the early millionaires, 23,
479
Girondists, The, French Revolution-
ary party: formed, 10, 168; its prin-
cipal speakers, 154; its true chiefs,
155; wishes for rigorous measures
against the emigrants, 158; attacks
the ministry, 161; motives of, 164;
its principles and position at the
opening of the convention, 215; de-
nounced by the Mountainists, 240;
struggle of, with the Jacobins, 247;
conspiracies against, 253; attacked
by Guadet, 255; accused of conspir-
ing with Dumouriez, 260; insurrec-
tion against, 260; fall of, 265
Gisela (nth century A. D.), Suabian
princess: sketch of, 18, 124
Giselbert (d. 939 A. D.), Duke of
Lorraine: revolts, 18, 105, 109;
death of, no
Gisella (10th century A. D.), Bavarian
princess: marries Prince Stephen of
Hungary, 17, 46
Gislikon, Switzerland: battles of
(1653), 13, 473J (1847), 552
Gist, Christopher (18th century),
American soldier: accompanies
Washington, 23, 170
Gitchin, Bohemia: battle of (1866),
18, 411
Giulay, Prince of Transylvania, Tur-
kish ruler, ca. 1000: resists St. Ste-
phen of Hungary, 17, 47; his cam-
paign in Italy, 385
Giurgevo, Roumania: battle of (1790),
14, 357
Giustiniani, John (ca. 1452), Italian
commander: in the war with Tur-
key, 14, 74, 76
Gizeh, The Great Pyramid of, Egypt:
built, x, 16
Gjo, Henrik (early 16th century),
Danish nobleman: supports Chris^
tian II of Denmark, 16, 192
Glabrio, Manlius Acilius (ca. 191 B.
C), Roman general and statesman:
appointed to command of army in
the East, 3, 269; his campaign in
Asia, 270
Gladiatorial Combats, Etruscan sport:
advent of, 3, 61
Gladiatorial War, a war between Rome
and its slaves (73 B. C): causes, 3,
261; battle of Apulia, 262; results,
263
Gladstone, William Ewart, an emi-
nent English statesman, financier,
and orator, called the People's Wil-
liam: born in Liverpool, December
29, 1809; was graduated at Christ
Church, Oxford, with the rank of
double first-class, 1831; was elected
to Parliament by the Conservatives
of Newark, 1832; received the ap-
pointment of lord of the treasury
by Sir Robert Peel, 1834; retired
from office, 1835; upon the forma-
tion of a new ministry by Peel, he
became vice-president of the Board
of Trade, 1841, and president of the
same, 1843; appointed secretary of
the colonies, 1845, and gave his sup-
port to the repeal of the corn-laws,
1846; identified himself with the
Conservative Liberals and acted as
Chancellor of the Exchequer to
Lord Aberdeen's ministry, 1852; re-
signed upon Palmerston becoming
premier; tried to end the Crimean
War; appointed Chancellor of the
Exchequer in the cabinet of Pal-
merston, 1859; made his speech of
four hours on the Budget of i860;
represented Oxford University in
Parliament, 1847-1865; became lead-
er of the House of Commons and
kept the office of Chancellor of the
Exchequer under Earl Russell;
helped to introduce a bill for
electoral reform, and made an im-
portant speech upon it, 1866; advo-
cated the disendowment of the
Episcopal Church of Ireland; was
chosen prime minister, December 4,
1868; retired, 1874; came into office
288
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
again, 1880, and brought the Boer
War to an end; effected parliamen-
tary reform; tried to carry his
Home Rule Bill for Ireland through
Parliament, but was defeated; re-
tired on account of ill-health, 1894;
died at Hawarden, May 19, 1898, and
was buried in Westminster Abbey
Chancellor of the Exchequer, 11,
614; opposes China War, 620; be-
comes leader of the House of Com-
mons, 624; first ministry of, 625; sec-
ond ministry of, 633; third ministry
of, 635; fourth ministry of, 637; his
efforts for Home Rule, 12, 238;
quoted on the United States Con-
stitution, 23, 330
Glamorgan, Herbert, Earl of, see
Somerset, Edward, Marquis of
Worcester
Glarean (Heinrich Loziti of Glarus)
(1488-1563), Swiss poet, musician
and scholar: sketch of, 13, 428
Glasgow, University of, Scotland:
founded, 12, 296; graduates of, in
Constitutional Convention, 23, 323
Glass: invention of, 1, 133
Glaucia, Caius Servilius (d. 100 B. C.)>
Roman demagogue: leader of the
populace, 3, 199; rupture with
Marius and death, 201
Glaucus the Spartan: consults the
oracle of Delphi, 2, 44
Glebov (ca. 1720), Russian noble:
death of, 15, 76
Glen Fruin, Scotland: battle of
(1604), 12, 333
Glencairn, William Cunningham, Lord
(ca. 1654), Scotch noble and com-
mander: rising of, 12, 344
Glencoe, Scotland: massacre of
(1692), 11, 437, 12, 353
Glendower, Owen (1359-1415), Welsh
noble and rebel: leads Welsh re-
volt, 11, 192; forms alliance with
France, 193
Glenelg, Lord (1778-1866), British
politician: attempts to manage Ca-
nadian affairs, 11, 596
Glenshiel, Scotland: battle of (1719),
12, 365
Glimes, Admiral de (d. 1574), Spanish
naval officer: death of, 13, 116
Gloucester, England: siege of (1643),
11, 345
Gloucester, Gilbert de Clare, Earl of
(1291-1314), English nobleman: ap-
pointed Elector, 11, 140; quarrels
with Simon de Montfort, 141; at
battle of Evesham, 141
Gloucester, Humphrey, Duke of
(1391-1447), English nobleman:
regent for Henry VI in England,
II, 201; marries Jacqueline of Hol-
land and Hainault, 202; feud with
Beaufort, 202; opposes peace with
France, 206; charged with treason,
207; gives nucleus of Bodleian Li-
brary, 238; death of, 207
Gloucester, Richard, Duke of: see
Richard III, King of England
Gloucester, Robert, Earl of (d. 1147),
English noble and commander: re-
volt against Stephen I, 11, 94
Gloucester, Thomas, Duke of (1355-
I 397)> English nobleman: quarrels
with Richard II, II, 180; takes up
arms against Richard, 181; restored
to favor, 182; plots against Richard,
183; murder of, 184
Gliick, Christopher Willibald (1714-
1788), German operatic composer:
sketch of, 17, 261
Glycerius, Emperor of the Western
Empire, 473-474 A. D.: reign of, 4,
150
Gneisenau, August Wilhelm Anton,
Count Neidhardt von (1760-1831),
Prussian general: defends Colberg,
18, 372; his efforts to liberate Ger-
many, 375
Go Huei, General (18th century),
Chinese military officer: bribes the
Gurkhas, 6, 100
Goa, Portuguese possession in India:
captured by the Portuguese (1510),
5, 149; sieges of (1603), 152; (1639),
152; under Portuguese rule, 20, 298
God, Peace of or Truce of: see Truce
of God
Godaigo, Emperor of Japan, 1319-
1339: reign of, 7, 83
Godard, Louis (living), French aero-
naut: builds the Wellman airship,
16, 340
Goddard, Thomas (d. 1783), English
GENERAL INDEX
289
soldier in the first Maratha War, 5,
193
Goderich, Viscount: see Robinson,
Frederich John, Earl of Ripon
Godfrey, Count of Ardenne (9th cen-
tury A. D.), Norman leader: made
governor of Lorraine, 13, 21
Godfrey, Duke of the Normans (ca.
882 A. D.), French noble: makes an
agreement with the Netherlands,
13, 21
Godfrey, Sir Edmond Barry (d. 1678),
English magistrate: murder of, 11,
406
Godfrey de Bouillon, King of Jeru-
salem, 1099-1100, called Defender
and Bawn of the Holy Sepulchre:
born at Baisy, Brabant, 1061; creat-
ed Duke of Lower Lotharingar,
1088; joined the Crusaders, 1096;
fought at the siege of Jerusalem,
July 15, 1099; was elected King of
Jerusalem, July 23, 1099; completed
the conquest of the Holy Land by
the battle of Ascalon, August 12,
1099; died at Jerusalem, July 18,
1 100
Leads crusade, 9, 70, II, 87, 13,
29; concludes an Armistice with
Koloman II of Hungary, 17, 52, 18,
138
Godfrey of Eenham (early nth cen-
tury), Duke of Lower Lorraine: his
expedition against the Frisons, 13,
24; revolt of, 18, 130; concludes
peace with the empire, 131; death
of, 132
Godfrey of Strasburg (ca. 1256), Ger-
man poet: sketch of, 18, 178
Godolphin, Sidney, Earl of (1635-
1712), English statesman and finan-
cier: sketch of, 11, 453; promotes
union between Scotland and Eng-
land, 12, 356
Godoy, Manuel de (1767-1851), Span-
ish statesman, called the Prince of
Peace: wins his sobriquet, 20, 140;
influence of, 9, 332; administration
of, 8, 481
Gods, Dynasty of the, Egypt: reign
of, 1, 14
"Godspeed," English ship: carries
settlers to Virginia, 23, 57
Godthaab, Greenland: foundation of,
16, 237
Godunov, Boris Feodorovitch (1552-
1605), Emperor of Russia, 1598-
1605: career of, 15, 19, 20, 25
Godwine (d. 1053), Earl of the West
Saxons: wins confidence of Cnut,
XI > 59; quarrels with Edward the
Confessor, 61; restoration of, 63;
bribes Harthaknud, 18, 33
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, an il-
lustrious German poet: born at
Frankfort-on-the-Main, August 28,
1749; entered the University of
Strasburg, 1770; received the degree
of licentiate of law, 1771; returned
to Frankfort, and wrote " Gotz von
Berlichingen " and "Sorrows of
Young Werther," of which the lat-
ter attracted universal admiration;
was invited by Charles Augustus,
Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar, to his
court, which was the beginning of a
long and sincere friendship; broke
away from the gayety of court life
to seek the solitude of Waldeck, but
was recalled by the Duke and ap-
pointed to an official position; de-
voted himself to study; went to
Italy, 1786; returned to Weimar,
1788, where he met the young
woman, who afterwards became his
wife; took part in the invasion of
France by the Prussian army, 1792,
and displayed great courage; be-
came a friend of the poet Schiller,
1789; produced the first part of
" Faust," 1806; finished the second
part, 1830; studied and wrote until
a few days before his death, which
occurred at Weimar, March 22, 1832
Influence of, 18, 333, 353
Goffe, William (1605-1679), New Eng-
land patriot: repels attack on Had-
ley, 23, 98
Gohier, L. Jerome (1746-1830), French
revolutionist: made member of the
directory, 9, 309
Gohorikawa, Emperor of Japan, ca.
1222: accession of, 7, 72
Goignies, Antoine de (ca. 1578), Bel-
gian commander: his campaign
against the Spanish, 13, 130
290
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Goislard (ca. 1788), French royalist:
arrest of, 10, 35
Goitia, Colonel (ca. 1836), South
American soldier: leads revolution
in Bolivia, 21, 187
Gokameyama, Emperor of Japan, ca.
1393: abdication of, 7, 91
Gokashiwabara, Emperor of Japan,
1501-1527: reign of, 7, 100
Gokhale, Gopal Krishna (1866 ),
East Indian official: president of
Indian National Congress, 5, 293
Gokomatsu, Emperor of Japan, ca.
1393: accession of, 7, 91
Gokomyo, Emperor of Japan, 1644-
1655: reign of, 7, 132
Gokteik Viaduct, India: construction
of, 5, 289
Gold and Silver Ratio in United
States: as first established, 23, 354;
changed, 506; in Independent Treas-
ury Bill, 514
Gold Coast, British colony in Africa:
trade with New England, 23, 136
Gold Fields of South Africa Company,
southern Africa: obtains rights in
Matabeleland, 19, 223
Gold Mine of Europe, The: see Tran-
sylvania
Gold Standard in Japan: established
(1898), 7, 226
Golden Bull, Bavarian law (1222),
promulgated, 17, 56
Golden Bull of Charles IV: promul-
gated (1346), 17, 116, 18, 193
Golden Fleece, Order of the, Spanish
royal honor: introduced into the
Netherlands, 13, 43
Golden Gate, The City of the: see
San Francisco
Golden League, league of Catholic
states (1586): formed, 13, 458
Golden State, The: see California
Goldie, Sir George Taubman (19th
century), English officer: checks
French plans for Africa, 19, 152; in-
fluence of, 154; made vice-governor
of the Royal Niger Company, 156
Goldli, George (ca. 1531), Swiss com-
mander: at the battle of Kappel, 13,
444
Goldoni, Carlo (1770-1793), Italian
dramatist: leader in the drama of
the 18th century, 4, 339
Goliad, Mexico: battle of (1836), 24,
533
Golovchino, Russia: battle of (1708),
15, 47
Golovkin, Count Gabriel (early 18th
century), Russian diplomatist:
sketch of, 15, 89; in the supreme
privy council, 95; under Anne, 105,
112; under Anna Leopoldovna, 128,
132; arrested, 133; banished, 137
Golovnin, Count Feodor Alexievitch
(d. 1745), Russian statesman: ac-
companies Peter the Great in his
travels, 15, 33; becomes minister of
public instruction, 324; at the battle
of Narva, 39
Goloyken, Count (early 19th century),
Russian statesman: his embassy to
China, 6, 120
Goluchowski, Count Agenor (1812-
1875), Austrian statesman: made
prime minister, 17, 386; leads the
diet of Lemberg, 404; gives warning
to Turkey, 449; -policy of, 450
G. O. M. (The Grand Old Man): see
Gladstone, William Ewart
Gomarus, Francis (1563-1641), a Bel-
gian Calvinistic controversialist: op-
poses doctrines of Arminius, 13, 193
Gomates (ca. 500 B. C), King of the
Medes and Persians: usurps the
throne, 1, 162
Gomensoro, Tomas (b. 1820), Uru-
guayan politician: concludes armis-
tice with insurgents, 21, 146
Gomer: see Kimmerians
Gomez (19th century), Italian con-
spirator: attempts to assassinate
Napoleon III, 9, 449
Gomez (19th century), South Ameri-
can general: made president of
Venezuela, 21, 246
Gomez, Jose Miguel (ca. 1880), Cu-
ban general: chosen governor of
Santa Clara, 22, 468; refuses to ac-
quiesce in the reelection of Palma,
490
Gomez, Maximo (1822 ), Cuban
soldier: leads Cuban patriots, 22,
453
GENERAL INDEX
291
Gominoo, Emperor of Japan, 1612-
1630: grieves over power of the no-
bles, 7, 132
Gomphi, Thessaly: siege of (48 B.
C) 3, 348
Gomurakami, Emperor of Japan
1339-1350: reign of, 7, 90
Gonara, Emperor of Japan, ca. 1400
reign of, 7, 100
Gondebaud, King of Burgundy, 491-
516 A. D.: at war with Clovis, 9,
19; reign of, 13, 337, 18, 63
Gondelour, India: siege of (1783), 9,
257
Gondemar, King of Burgundy, 524-
534 A. D. : defeats Clodomir, 9, 24
Gondevald (d. 584 A. D.), Frankish
chief: rebellion of, 9, 29
Gondi, Paul of (1614-1679), French
prelate: becomes leader of parlia-
mentary party, 9, 201; removes
Conde from power, 203; arrested,
206
Gondomar (ca. 1600), Spanish ambas-
sador: negotiates a Spanish alliance
with James I of England, II, 312
313
Gonds, aboriginal race of India: de-
scription of, 5, 28
Gonijo, Emperor of Japan, 1301-1308
accession of, 7, 83
Gonsalo de Cordova: see Gonsalvo de
Cordova
Gonsalves, Alvaro (d. 1360), Portu-
guese traitor: death of, 8, 289
Gonsalvez, Antonio (ca. 1400), Portu-
guese explorer: explorations of, 19,
17
Gonsalvo (Gonzalvo) de Cordova,
Hernando (1443-1515), Spanish
commander: career of, 8, 269; his
campaign in Italy, 9, 133; serves as
a military model for Europe, 14,
144
Gonzaga, Charles de (d. 1637), Duke
of Nevers: revolt of, 9, 178; be-
comes Duke of Mantua and Mont-
ferrat, 186
Gonzales, Texas: battle of (1835), 24,
532
Gonzalez (19th century), South Amer-
ican commander: attempts to aid
Pezet against the insurgents, 21,
206
Gonzalez, Juan G. (19th century), a
Paraguayan politician: made Presi-
dent (1890), 31, 260
Gonzalez, Manuel (1833-1893), Mexi-
can general and statesman: at the
battle of Lecoac, 22, 406; his ad-
ministration as president, 408; death
of, 410
Gonzalvo de Cordova: see Gonsalvo
de Cordova
Good Duke of Argyle, The: see Ar-
gyle, John Campbell, Duke of (1678-
1743)
Good Emperors, The Five, in Rome
70-180 A. D. : condition of Germany
under, 18, 25; see also Nerva, Tra-
jan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius and
Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperors
Good Friend: see Napoleon III, Em-
peror of the French
Good Hope, Cape of: see Cape of
Good Hope
Good Lord James: see Douglas, Sir
James
Good Parliament, The, the English
Parliament of 1376, 11, 172
Good Queen Anne: see Anne of Bo-
hemia, Queen of Richard II of Eng-
land
Good Regent, The: see Murray, James
Stewart, Earl of
Good Swordsman, The: see Murat,
Joachim
Goodwin Lands, England: battle of
(1652), 13, 230
Goody Palsgrave: see Elizabeth,
Queen of Bohemia
Gopher State, The: see Minnesota
Gorchakov, Prince Alexander (1798-
1883), Russian statesman: proclaims
abrogation cf Treaty of Paris, 14,
473; at Berlin Congress, 487
Gorchakov, Prince Mikhail (1795-
1861), Russian general: in the Cri-
mean War, 15, 317; made governor
of Poland, 324
Gordian, Emperor of Rome, 238-244
A. D.: reign of, 4, 109, 5, 317
Gordium, Asia Minor: Alexander at,
2, 490
292
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Gordon, Lady Catherine (ca. 1450),
English noblewoman: marries Per-
kin Warbeck, 11, 227, 12, 298
Gordon, Charles George, known as
Chinese Gordon, an English gen-
eral: born at Woolwich, England,
January 28, 1833; was trained at
the Royal Military Academy; ad-
mitted to the Royal Engineers in
1852; took part in the Crimean
War; served in China, 1860-1862,
and commanded the Chinese forces
in the Taeping rebellion, 1863-1865;
was " Governor-General of the
Equator " under the Khedive of
Egypt, 1874-1876, and governor-gen-
eral of the Sudan, 1877-1880; went
to Khartum, 1884, and took com-
mand of the Egyptian forces; was
killed in the storming of the city,
January 26, 1885
Takes command of Ever Victori-
ous Army, 6, 199; captures Kun-
shan, 201; retires from force, 202;
retakes command, 203; resigns, 204;
campaign in the Sudan, 1, 40, II,
635, 19, 271
Gordon, Lord George (1751-1793),
English agitator: leads anti-Catho-
lic mob, 11, 520
Gordon, George Hamilton, Earl of
Aberdeen: see Aberdeen, George
Hamilton Gordon, Earl of
Gordon, John Campbell Hamilton,
Earl of Aberdeen: see Aberdeen,
John Campbell Hamilton, Earl of
Gordon, Patrick (1 635-1 699), Scottish
officer: career of, 15, 28, 36
Gordon, Thomas (ca. 1700), Scottish
soldier: plots of, 15, 66
Goremkin, Count (19th century), Rus-
sian statesman: becomes premier,
15, 366
Gorey, Ireland: battle of (1798), 12,
211
Gorgas, William Crawford (1854
), American soldier: aids in
stamping out yellow fever in Cuba,
20, 329
Gorgei, Arthur (1818 ), Hunga-
rian general: in the Hungarian in-
surrection, 15, 300, 401; surrenders
to the Russians, 17, 372; made min-
ister of war under Kossuth, 372;
imprisoned, 373
Gorges, Sir Ferdinando (1 566-1647),
English colonial proprietor; ap-
pointed councilor, 23, 57; secures
grant for New Hampshire, 95; made
palatine of Maine, 96; purchase of
claims of heirs of, 99
Gorica, Austria-Hungary: united with
Hungary and Bohemia, 17, 4; con-
dition of peasants relieved by Maria
Theresa, 259; under Napoleon, 300
Goritz, Austria-Hungary: battle of
(1809), 9, 336
Gorman, Arthur Pue (1839 ),
United States Senator: defeats
Force Bill, 24, 971
Gormden Gamle (ca. 860-935 A. D.),
King of Denmark: career of, 16,
20; his aversion to Christianity, 28;
at war with Henry I, 18, 107
Gormlaith (ca. 1000 A. D.), wife of
Brian Boru; incites the Danes, 12,
42
Gorni Dubinck, Turkey: battle of
(1877), 15, 336
Gortz, Georg Heindrich von (1668-
1719), Swedish statesman: arrest of,
I3 253; his relations with Peter the
Great, 15, 65; policy of, 16, 223;
in the Holstein-Gottorp difficulty,
236; execution of, 15, 66, 16, 225
Gosaga, Emperor of Japan, 1242-
1246: reign of, 7, 83
Gosai-in, Emperor of Japan, 1655-
1663: reign of, 7, 132
Goshenland, Africa: founded, 19, 214
Goshirakawa, Emperor of Japan,
1158: accession of, 7, 56
Goslin (ca. 850 A. D.), Bishop of
Paris: saves Paris, 9, 53
Gosnold, Bartholomew (d. 1607), Eng-
lish navigator: voyages of, 23, 54
Gosvinda (ca. 550 A. D.), Queen of
Leovigild: her quarrel with Ingunda,
8, 41
Gotama: see Buddha
Goteborg, Sweden: foundation of, 16,
172; relief of (1788), 248
Gotha, Germany: siege of (1567), 18,
262
GENERAL INDEX
293
Goths, early Teutonic race: location
of, 18, 6; invade Greece, 2, 529, 4,
108; sketches of, 136, 8, 35, 17, 14;
found kingdom in Spain, 4, 145;
depart from Italy, 162; condition of
the people under, 8, 53; their con-
quest of Scandinavia, 16, 6; settle-
ments of, 34; plunder Roman terri-
tory, 18, 29; make treaty with Au-
relian, 29; end of power of, 50
Goths, The Apostle of the: see Ulfilas,
Saint
Gothus (ca. 1550), Archbishop of
Sweden: accession of, 16, 165
Goto Shojiro (ca. 1850), Japanese
statesman: counsels war with Ko-
rea, 7, 178; reforms of, 182; at-
tempts to negotiate treaties with Eu-
ropean powers, 190
Goto Sukenori (ca. 1400), Japanese
sculptor: sketch of, 7, 107
Gotoba (ca. 1200), Emperor of Japan:
plots against feudal administration,
7, 70 <
Gotsuchimikado, Emperor of Japan,
1465-1501: reign of, 7, 100; death of,
100
Gottfried (ca. 800 A. D.), King of
Denmark: invades Holstein, 18, 85
Gottfried (ca. 850 A. D.), Chief of the
Norsemen: marries a Carolingian
princess, 17, 97
Gotthelf, Jeremiah (1797-1854), Swiss
author: sketch of, 13, 584
Gottorp, Germany: taken by the
Danes, 16, 214
Gouda, Emperor of Japan, 1276-1288:
at war with the Mongols, 7, 76
Goudchaux, Michel (1801-1862),
French financier; member of the
provisional government, 9, 435
Gough, Sir Hugh (1779-1869), British
general: his services in the Opium
War, 5, 213; his campaign against
the Sikhs, 5, 221, 6, 137
Goupil (living), French aeronaut:
associated with the Wellman Expe-
dition, 16, 340
Gourges, Dominique de (i530-i593)>
French adventurer: his vengeance
on the Spaniards, 20, 82, 23, 48
Government and Constitutional De-
velopment:
AFRICA: Cape Colony, 19, 51, 20,
223; French West Africa, 20, 281;
German South Africa, 303; Congo
Free State, 13, 311, 19, 119, 122,
250, 20, 299; Liberia, %o, 49; Mada-
gascar, 19, 211, 20, 278; Rhodesia,
20, 260; Togoland, 19, 180; Trans-
vaal, 11, 41, 19, 276, 283, 20, 234
ALGERIA: French rule, 20, 280
ARABIA: causes of the fall of the
Saracen Empire, 1, 364, 365
AUSTRALIA: under British rule,
11, 630, 20, 195; self-government
of, 20, 203, 342
AUSTRIA - HUNGARY: Golden
Bull (1222), 17, 56; organization
under Leopold, 186; Bohemia in
1300, 83; Bohemian Constitution of
1627, 209; under Maria Theresa,
258; constitution of 1848, 378; of
i860, 386; of 1867, 398, 400
BABYLONIA and ASSYRIA: as
a firm kingdom (2200 B. C), 1, 77;
under the Second Empire, 82; an
absolute monarchy, 113
CANADA: a British royal govern-
ment (1791), 20, 131, 151, 155; Upper
and Lower Canada united, 11, 596;
administration under Lord Elgin
(1847-1854), 20, 159; constitution of
1867, 11, 629, 20, 165, 171, 177, 342
CARTHAGE: main treatment, 3,
94, 96
CENTRAL AMERICA: attempt at
uniting the five republics, 22, 438;
republic of Panama organized
(1904), 20, 333, 24, 1060
CHINA: organization in (900 B.
C), 6, 8; absence of constitutional
unity (1790), 103; reforms attempt-
ed, 319, 322
CUBA: under Spanish rule, 20, 325,
24, 1023; constitution of ' 1895, 22,
453; under United States protection,
20, 330, 22, 463, 24, 1032, 1045; in-
auguration of the Republic (1902),
22, 468
EAST INDIES: Dutch, 20, 295;
French, 20, 272
294*
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
EGYPT: its division into districts
(3000 B. C), 1, 9; policy of the
Ptolemies, 3, 137; becomes a Roman
province, 1, 35. 2, 522; under the
rule of Arabia, 1, 298; under Turk-
ish rule, 1, 36, 14, 134; under Brit-
ish protection, x, 40, II, 638, 19,
269, 273, 20, 262
ENGLAND: a Roman province, 4,
75, 11, 10, 13, clan system (500 A.
D.), 11, 22; in 7th century, A. D.,
33, 39; growth of king's power (975
A. D.), 51; under William the Con-
queror, 80, 81; the Great Council,
under Henry II, 99; growth of the
power of the state under Richard I
115; Magna Carta (1215), 127; first
representative Parliament (1265),
140; rise of the Commons (1322),
154, 182; separation of the two
Houses of Parliament (1341), 162;
absolute rule under Richard II
(i399)> 184; Act of Appeals and
Act of Treasons under Henry VIII,
250, 254; Act of Succession under
Henry VIII, 256; Act of Suprem-
acy, under Elizabeth, 275; the Privy
Council and Charles I, 323; Peti-
tion of Right under Charles I, 325;
the Star Chamber (1630), 329;
"Long Parliament" (1640), 337,
339; the Commonwealth, 367, 368,
371; popular charters confirmed un-
der Charles II, 379; Conventicle
Act and Act of Settlement under
Charles II, 385, 390; Charles II and
the Cabal, 395; recall of the Dec-
laration, 398; Royalist Parliament
(1673), 398; Catholics excluded from
both Houses (1678), 407; Exclusion
Bill relating to the Succession, 408;
constitutional progress under
Charles II, 416; Ecclesiastical Com-
mission Court (1686), 424; Declara-
tion of Indulgence under James II,
426; Declaration of Rights (1688),
431; Toleration Act under William
and Mary, 435; Whigs under Wil-
liam, 441; Triennial Act of 1694,
442; restoration of coinage (1695),
444; Act of Settlement (1701), 449;
Whig ministry under William and
under Anne, 458; growing strength
of the Cabinet and" Parliament, 468,
478; Pelham's ministry under
George II, 486; supremacy of the
Cabinet under George II, 490; Pitt's
ministry under George III, 504; Par-
liament passes Stamp Act, 509; the
colonial system, 514; Pitt's reforms
under George III, 530, 551; Parlia-
ment under George IV, 583; Reform
Bill of 1831, 587, 589; postal reform
(1840), 597; Peel's ministry under
Victoria, 602, 604; Reform Bill of
1866, 624; Ballot Act (1872), 627;
Salisbury's ministry, 635; depend-
encies (Ceylon), 20, 251; (Gibral-
tar), 254; (Hong-Kong), 255;
(Mauritius), 263
FRANCE (GAUL): of the Celtic
tribes, 3, 296, 9, 7; a Roman prov-
ince, 9, 11; under Clovis, 22; in
8th century A. D., 38; under Char-
lemagne, 45; under the feudal sys-
tem, 63; an absolute monarchy, 9,
214, 10, 4, 9, 11, 539; the States-Gen-
eral (1789), 10, 41; the Assembly
(1789), 74, 82, 85, 87, 88; provisions
of the Assemblies, 9, 258, 268,
10, 89; reorganization under the As-
sembly, 10, 103, 105; constitution
of 1 791, 145, 147, 148; the revolution-
ary commune (1792), 201; the na-
tional Convention (1792-1793), 215,
252; revolutionary power (1793),
280, 302; constitution of 1795, 351,
353, 362; under the Directory (1795-
1797), 10, 370, 400, 11, 544; under
the Consulate, 9, 315, 10, 432, 434,
18, 363; constitution of 1802, 10,
453; under the First Empire, 461;
the senatorial constitution (1814),
9. 350, 356; constitution of 1848, 9,
442; under the Third Republic, 471,
473; constitution of 1875, 479, 480
GERMANY: tribal system, 18, 8,
56; under Charlemagne (800 A. D.),
86; Golden Bull (1356), 193; admin-
istrative system under Maximilian,
228; under Napoleon, 371; decen-
tralization (1848), 297, 308; the Em-
pire (1870), 428
GREECE: in Homeric times, 2, 34,
GENERAL INDEX
295
36; ephors in Sparta, 73; cities un-
der the "Tyrants" (600 B. C), 95;
oligarchy at Athens, 99; Athens un-
der Solon's constitution, 104; Ath-
ens under the reforms of Cleisthe-
nes (508 B. C), 146; archonship
ceases to be elective, 174; demo-
cratic reforms at Athens (458 B.
C.) 239; Athens under the Four
Hundred (411 B. C), 358; Athens
under Spartan rule (404 B. C.) 384;
under Macedonian rule (338 B. C),
479, 512; under Roman rule, 521;
under Mohammedan rule, 537; an
independent monarchy, 545; consti-
tution of 1864, 549
HAWAIIAN ISLANDS: under na-
tive rule, 20, 308; under the United
States, 20, 310, 24, 997
INDIA: under native and British
rule, 5, 20; in the time of the Rig-
Veda, 38; under Mohammedan rule,
96; under Akbar, the Mogul, ill,
115; under British rule, 5, 128, 137,
11, 527, 529; under Portuguese con-
trol, 5, 150, 8, 330; colonial empire
of the Dutch, 5, 155; under Warren
Hastings, 192; under English gov-
ernment and the British East India
Company, 194; under the vice regal
control of England, 240
IRELAND: tribal system, 12, 18,
21; under English rule (1173), 51;
Poyning's Law (1494), 74; Assem-
bly of 1642, 119; agrarian legislation
(1665), 130; Parliament declares it-
self independent (1693), 155; di-
vision in the Parliament, 177; con-
cessions gained (1782), 11, 522, 12,
185, 188; parliamentary reform, 12,
191, 216; union with England, 217;
Parnell's platform, 237; Home Rule,
239, 243
ISRAEL and JUDAH: as a tribal
organization, 1, 378; under David
and Solomon, 384, 387, 389; Judah,
under Persian control (500 B. C.)
403; under the Sanhedrim (50 A.
D.), 4, 78
ITALY: early Latium, 3, 9, 12, 16,
20, 21; Etruria, 24; under Charle-
magne, 4, 175; Sicily under the
Normans, 185; under Frederick Bar-
barossa, 192, 196; in the republican
cities of the 12th and 13th centuries,
209, 210; at Florence (13th century),
4, 226, 228; Venice (600-1400), 246,
249; under Victor Amadeus (1720),
331; under Napoleon's governments,
4, 345, 348, 18, 371; Rome under the
Papal power (1848-1859), 4, 369;
Naples under the dictatorship of
Garibaldi (i860), 383; a united mon-
archy (1870), 396, 397; see also
ROME
JAPAN: by local rule (150 A. D.),
7, 11; public offices in the hands of
guilds (600 A. D.), 19; reforms in
(645 A. D.), 23, 24; feudal system
organized (1190), 67, 68; adminis-
trative system (1600), 114, 129, 133;
end of the feudal system (1868),
170, 173; local administration (1868),
174; Constitution of 1890, 185, 186,
201; imperial diet, 205, 207
MEXICO: under the Aztecs, 22,
84; as a Spanish province, 98; freed
from Spain, becomes a republic, 8,
519; constitution of 1824, 22, 263,
279, 381
NETHERLANDS: Belgium, a Ro-
man province, 13, 9; under Charle-
magne, 17, 18; under Charles V, 63;
under Philip II, 71, 75, 105; the
States-General, 123, 134; declared
free (1609), 189; States-General
(1701), 248; as the Batavian repub-
lic, 266; constitution of 1815, 285;
Belgium an independent kingdom,
304; Thorbecke's ministry, 315; con-
stitutional reforms (1848), 20, 293
PERSIA: rise of a single monarchy
(625 B. C.)> I, 158; under Darius,
1, 164, 2, 130; under Macedonian
rule, 5, 315; under Parthian rule,
315; under Sassania dynasty (580
A. D.), 319; under Mohammedan
rule (643-1502), 326; under the Sa-
fawi dynasty (1502-1733), 340; pres-
ent form, 372
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: under
Spanish rule, 20, 312; under United
States rule, 20, 318, 355, 24, 1033,
1036, 1043
296
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
PHOENICIA: founded on an oli-
garchy of wealth, I, 134
POLAND: aristocratic republic (ca.
1500), 15, 377 \ divided among Rus-
sia, Prussia, and Austria before
1800, 371
PORTUGAL: under a liberal con-
stitution (1820), 9, 373; constitution
of 1822, 8, 534; present constitution,
539
ROME: the end of the monarchy
(509 B. C) 3, 30; magistrates of
the Republic, 32; as a Republic, 33,
35. 4*> 96; with the Senate as the
governing power, 53; the colonies of
Rome, 83, 85; by the city officials,
154; appearance of the new demo-
cratic spirit, 158; under popular
leaders, 191; under the Gracchan
reforms, 200; under the Sullan con-
stitution, 233; collapse of oligarchic
rule, 269; under the Triumvirate,
313; in the time of Caesar, 368, 390,
393; under Augustus, 4, 30, 40; after
Augustus, 103; under Diocletian,
114, 115; under the pontifical power,
4, 172; see also ITALY
RUSSIA: in the 9th century A. D.,
I5 6, 7; constitution of 1730, 105;
reforms under Nicholas II, 357, 360,
36s, 367
SAMOA: under the United States,
20, 321, 24, 978
SCANDINAVIA: early tribal sys-
tem, 16, 11, 12; Union of Calmar
(i397) 1255 Sweden under Gustav
Adolph, 178; monarchy becomes
hereditary in Denmark (1665), 232;
reforms under Oscar of Sweden,
277, 279
SCOTLAND: under Irish rule, 12,
38; dependent on English king
(1174), 266; of the cities (1150),
270; under English rule (1303), 276;
an independent kingdom (1314-
1603), 282, 292, 308, 310, 329; under
the Commonwealth, 343; Privy
Council of 1661, 345; union with
England, 356, 371
SOUTH AMERICA: Argentine
Republic, 21, 119, 128; Brazil, under
Portuguese sovereignty (1534), 37;
kingdom of Brazil (1815), 20, 299,
21, 164, 169, 171, 172; republic of
Brazil (1889), 8, 519, 20, 299, 21,
253; Chilian constitution of 1833,
21, 216; Colombia as a republic
(1821), yy, Peru, under Spanish
sovereignty, 41; Peruvian constitu-
tion of i860, 200; Uruguay's consti-
tution of 1830, 137; present consti-
tution of Venezuela, 246
SPAIN: Roman province, 3, 136,
8, 28; under the Visigoths, 8, 54;
under Ferdinand and Isabella, 185,
193; constitution of 1869, 511; con-
stitution of 1886, 517; Canary
Islands, 19, 248
SWITZERLAND: as a Roman
province, 13, 330; under Charle-
magne, 340; under the German Em-
pire, 349, 353; as a Confederation
(1390), 13, 384, 414; (1500), 423;
Calvin's ecclesiastical system (1541),
449; aristocratic systems, 467, 474,
497; constitutions of 1798, 9, 306,
13, 512, 515, 5i8; of 1815, 528; of
1830, 532, 539; of 1848, 13, 553; of
1874, 565, 583
SYRIA: as a Roman province, 1,
409, 413
TIBET: under nominal suzerainty
of China, 5, 377
TURKEY: an absolute monarchy,
14, 89, 91, 92; local self-government,
97; in the 18th century, 364; reforms
of 1876, 478, 491
UNITED STATES: Spanish rule,
23, 43; charters granted in Virginia,
56, 59, 62; annulled (1624), 63; Vir-
ginia under the Commonwealth, 64;
Maryland as a proprietary govern-
ment, 69; legislature in Maryland
made bicameral, 71; Georgia a royal
province (1752), 82; Massachusetts
Bay charter, 87; Connecticut char-
ter (1662), 93; charter of Pennsyl-
vania, 111; colonies before the Rev-
olution, 20, 107, no; general colo-
nial system, 23, 116; Stamp Act
passed (1765), 210; repealed (1766),
214; Boston Port Bill (1774), 220;
Massachusetts charter annulled
(1774), 220; First Continental Con-
GENERAL INDEX
297
gress, 222; Second Continental Con-
gress, 229, 299; Articles of Confed-
eration, 301; constitution (1787), 23,
324, 24, 1088; the Northwest Terri-
tory (1789), 23, 319; organization
of departments, 344; Federalist
measures under John Adams, 376;
Republican reforms (1801), 388;
Monroe Doctrine (1823), 447; South
Carolina convention (i860), 24, 685;
Southern Confederacy, 695; Recon-
struction (1865), 834, 836, 844; Ten-
ure of Office Act (1867), 850;
Alaska, 20, 306, 24, 878; civil serv-
ice reform (1883), 24, 938; presi-
dential succession (1886), 953; natu-
ralization laws reformed (1906),
1083
WEST INDIES: Dutch, 20, 286;
Porto Rico under the United States,
20, 324, 24, 1035, 1040; see also
CUBA
Government of India, Act for the Bet-
ter (1858), s, 240, 11, 527
Governors, American Colonial: ap-
pointment of, 23, 116; tenure of
office of, 116; salary of, 116; powers
of, 117; powers limited, 121
Gower, John (ca. 1325-1408), English
poet: his poetry, II, 187
Gowrie, William Ruthven, Earl of (d.
1584), English conspirator: forcibly
detains James VI of Scotland, 12,
325
Gowrie Conspiracy, The: against
James VI of Scotland, by Earl of
Gowrie (1600), 12, 328
Graaf Reinet, Cape Colony: magis-
tracy established at, 19, 37
Grabe, General (ca. 1800), Russian
soldier: his campaign in the Cau-
casus, 15, 298
Gracchus, Gaius Sempronicus (159-
121 B. C), Roman statesman: re-
forms of, 3, 171; death of, 184; his
schemes revived, 200; his principles
adopted by Caesar, 366
Gracchus, Tiberius Sempronius (210-
158 B. C), Roman general: his rule
in Spain, 3, 136
Gracchus, Tiberius Sempronius (168-
133 B. C.) Roman politician: re-
forms of, 3, 171; death, 176
Grace, Richard (ca. 1650), Irish gov-
ernor: defends Athlone, 12, 144
Grace, Act of, granting amnesty to
Scottish rebels (1717), 12, 364
Gradac, Austria-Hungary: battle of
(1878), 17, 423
Gradiska (Gradisca), Austria-Hun-
gary: united with Hungary and Bo-
hemia, 17, 4; condition of peasants
relieved by Maria Theresa, 259
Graeco-Turkish War, war between
Turkey and Greece (1897): causes
of, 14, 504; battles of Metuna Pass,
504; Domokos, 505; ended by Treaty
of Constantinople, 505; results of,
2, 548, 14, 505
Graf, Michael (ca. 1400), Swiss offi-
cer: opposes Reding, 13, 398
Graff, Frau: see Merian, Maria Sibylla
Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy,
Duke of (1736-1811), English noble-
man: becomes nominally Prime
minister, 11, 510
Graham, James, Marquis of Montrose:
see Montrose, James Graham, Mar-
quis of
Graham, Sir James Robert George
(1792-1861), British statesman:
member of Peel's ministry, II, 602
Graham, John (1643-1689), Scottish
soldier: attacks covenanters, 12,
348
Graham, Sir Robert (d. 1437), Scotch
nobleman: conspires against James
I of Scotland, 12, 292
Gramont, Antoine Agenor Alfred
(1819-1880), French diplomat: made
minister of foreign affairs, 9, 461;
in the Franco-Prussian war, 18, 416
Gran, Hungary: taken by the Mon-
gols (1241), 17, 58
Granada, Spain: massacre of the
Jews, I, 417; conquest of, by Chris-
tians, 8, 124, 23, 29; battle of (1319),
8, 159; siege of (1810), 9, 337
Granada, Kingdom of: history of, 8,
104
Granada, Treaty of, a treaty between
France and Spain (1500), 9, 133
298
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Granadine Confederation: see Colom-
bia
Granary of Europe, The: see Hun-
gary
Granary of Turkey, The: see Egypt
Grand, Johan (ca. 1300), Archbishop
of Lund: account of, 16, 111
Grand Alliance, The, formed between
the Emperor, England, and Hol-
land against France and Spain
(1701), 11, 451, 13, 247
Grand Banks, Newfoundland: fre-
quented by English fishermen, 23,
51; fisheries off, 443
Grand Bassam, Africa: claimed by
France, 19, 49
Grand Champ, France: battle of
(1800), 10, 441
Grand Corrupter, The: see Walpole,
Robert
Grand Gulf, Mississippi: in Vicksburg
campaign, 24, 776
Grand Model: see Fundamental Con-
stitution
Grand Monarque, Le: see Louis XIV,
King of France
Grand Old Man: see Gladstone, Wil-
liam Ewart
Grand Remonstrance, The, protest
passed in House of Commons, Eng-
land (1641), 11, 341
Grandella, Italy: battle of (1266), 9,
84
Grand-Pre Proclamation, the English
decree exiling the people of Aca-
dia (1755), 23, 81
Grandson (Granson), Switzerland:
taken by the French (1475), 13,
407; battle of (1476), 9, 124, 13, 47,
408, 18, 217
Graneikos, Persia: battle of, 1, 168
Grange (d. 1573), Scotch commander:
at battle of Langside, 12, 319; death
of, 324
Grangers or Patrons of Husbandry,
an organization in the United States
to promote the interests of the
farming class: rise of, 24, 917
Granlcus, river in Asia Minor: battle
of the (ca. 335 B. C), 2, 488
Granite State, The: see New Hamp-
shire
Grant, James Augustus (1 827-1 892),
Scotch explorer of Africa: arouses
an interest in Africa, 19, 59
Grant, Sir James Hope (1808-1875),
British general: his expedition to
China, 6, 171, 9, 451
Grant, Ulysses S., an American gen-
eral and eighteenth President of
the United States: born at Point
Pleasant, Ohio, April 27, 1822; was
graduated at West Point, 1843;
served in the Mexican War, 1846-
1848; settled at St. Louis; went to
Galena, Illinois, i860; became
colonel, 1861, then brigadier-gen-
eral; captured Fort Donelson, 1862,
and received the appointment of
major-general of volunteers; put in
command of the Army of the Dis-
trict of West Tennessee, and won
the battles of Shiloh and Iuka; be-
came commander of the department
of the Tennessee; captured Vicks-
burg, 1863; promoted to the rank
of major-general in the regular
army; was put in command of the
Military Division of the Mississippi;
won the battle of Chickamauga,
Nov. 23-25, 1863; appointed lieuten-
ant-general and became commander
of all the Union armies; received the
surrender of Lee at Appomattox
Court-House, 1865; appointed to the
specially created grade of General of
the Army of the United States;
became secretary of war ad interim,
1867, but gave it up against the will
of Johnson, 1868; received the nom-
ination to the Presidency and was
elected by a large majority, 1868;
reelected, 1873; made a tour of the
Old World and was given ovations
everywhere; died of cancer at Mount
McGregor, near Saratoga Springs, N.
Y., July 23, 1885
In Mexican War, 24, 554; visits
Japan, 7, 191; sends troops into
Kentucky, 24, 742; commands forces
at Cairo, Illinois, 743; captures Fort
Henry, 744; captures Fort Don-
elson, 745; early life, 746; at battle
of Pittsburg Landing, 747; with
GENERAL INDEX
299
Rosecrans in North Mississippi,
773; in siege of Vicksburg, 775; re-
ceives surrender of Vicksburg, 778;
ordered to Chattanooga, 784; made
lieutenant-general, 786; his theory of
war, 787; changes plan against Lee,
788; tactics criticized, 790; urges
Thomas to attack, 804; favors Lee's
overtures for peace, 811; receives
Lee's surrender, 812; approves Lin-
coln's reconstruction plans, 836;
made full general, 846; Secretary
of War ad interim, 850; quarrels
with President Johnson, 850; nom-
inated for President, 857; elected
President, 860; inaugurated, 861;
favors annexation of Dominican Re-
public, 879; settlement of Alabama
claims, 881, 883; summary of his
first term, 889; renominated for
President (1872), 892; second in-
auguration, 894; approves the Re-
sumption Act, 900; strengthens mili-
tary forces about Washington, 911;
urged for third term, 925; his ef-
forts to check spoils system, 938;
appoints canal commission, 1056;
death, 962 note; Roosevelt's Presi-
dential majority compared to that
of, 1072
Granvelle, Antoine Pierrenot de (1517-
1586), Spanish ecclesiastic and
statesman, Bishop of Arras: influ-
ences Margarita of Parma, 8, 357;
his speech before the estates, 13,
72; made Primate of the Low Coun-
tries, 77; conspiracy against, 78;
recalled from the Netherlands, 81;
proposes the murder of William of
Orange, 135 note
Granville, France: battle of (1793),
10, 276
Granville, Lord (ca. 1704), English
churchman in America: proprietor
of South Carolina, 23, 78
Granville, George Leveson-Gower,
Earl of (1815-1891), English states-
man: negotiates the Congo Treaty,
19, 75
Granville, John Cartaret, Earl of: see
Carteret, John, Earl of Granville
Grasse, Frangois Joseph Paul de
(1723-1788), French admiral: in
American War, 9, 256, 23, 284; de-
feated by Admiral Rodney, 11, 522
Gratian (359-383 A. D.), Roman Em-
peror, 367-383 A. D.: reign of, 4,
132
Grattan, Henry, an Irish statesman
and orator: born at Dublin, July 3,
1746; was educated at Trinity Col-
lege and afterwards studied law in
London; became representative of
the borough of Charlton in the
Irish Parliament, 1775; received
fifty thousand pounds from the Irish
Parliament in recognition of his
public services; opposed the propo-
sitions concerning trade between
Great Britain and Ireland, called
Orde's Propositions, and they were
given up through his influence; rep-
resented Dublin in Parliament, 1790,
and supported the bill for Catholic
emancipation; retired for a short
time, but took his seat again to op-
pose the union of Ireland with
Great Britain; became a member
of the Imperial Parliament, 1805;
refused the office of Chancellor of
the Exchequer; went to London to
present a petition to the British
Parliament, and died there, June 4,
1820
Leader of the Patriot Party, 12,
177; withdraws from Parliament,
208; opposes Union, 217; labors for
Catholic emancipation, 220
Gratton's Parliament, name given to
the Irish Parliament of 1783, 12,
190
Gratz, Austria-Hungary: progress of
the Reformation at, 17, 178; influ-
ence of the Jesuits in, 180
Grau, Miguel (1834-1879), Peruvian
naval officer: in the war with Chili,
21, 235
Grauholz, Switzerland: battle of
(1798), 13, 5ii
Grave, Belgium: battle of (1586), 13,
151; surrenders to the States-Gen-
eral, 178
800
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Gravelines, France: battle of (1558),
9, 148, II, 297, 13, 70
Gravelotte, France: battle of (1870),
9, 464, 18, 422
Graves, Thomas (1725-1802), British
admiral: attacks French fleet in
Chesapeake Bay, 23, 285
Gray, George (1840 ), American
legislator: member of Spanish-
American peace commission, 24,
103 1
Gray, Robert (1757-1806), American
sailor and discoverer: discoveries
of, 24, 541
Grayson, William J. (18th century),
American politician and poet: in
first Congress, 23, 343
Great Charter of Virginia, Govern-
ment of Virginia: history of, 23,
63
Great Commoner, The: see Pitt, Wil-
liam, Earl of Chatham
Great Contract, agreement between
King James of England and the
House of Commons (1610), II, 310
Great Duke, The: see Wellington, Ar-
thur Wellesley, Duke of
Great Elector, The: see Frederick Wil-
liam, the Great Elector of Branden-
burg
Great Gemot, The, Assembly of Eng-
lishmen (1086): William the Con-
queror convokes, II, 80
Great Indian Peninsular Railways, In-
dia: opened, 5, 223
Great Kanawha River, United States:
French claims of, 23, 169
Great Lakes, United States: French
explorations, 23, 167
Great Meadows, Ohio: battle of
(1757), 23, 172
Great Northern Railroad, United
States: United States Supreme
Court decision respecting, 24, 972
Great Pan, The: see Voltaire
Great Plains, Africa: battle of (204
B. C), 3, 130
Great Pyramid of Gizeh, The, Egypt
built, 1, 16
Great Schism, The, division in the
Catholic Church (1738), 11, 173
Great Sword Society, The, a semi-
religious organization of Chinese,
6, 297
Great Wall, The, China: description
of, 6, 11
Grebel, Konrad (ca. 1523), Swiss
churchman: teachings of, 13, 437
Greco-Turkish War: see Graeco-
Turkish War
Greece, History of: geography, 2, 3;
Aegean civilization: origin of the
Greek nationality, 20; Homeric
poems and the Greeks of the Ho-
meric age, 29; religion of the
Greeks, Olympia and Delphi, 38; the
great migrations, 46; colonies in
Asia, 51; Dorians in the Pelopon-
nesus the legislation of Lycur-
gus, 58; establishment of Spartan su-
premacy in the Peloponnesus, 70;
age of colonization, 78; age of the
tyrants, 90; early history of Attica,
97; Solon and Peisistratus, 102; the
Lydian monarchy, 114; Cyrus and
Darius, 119; Darius and the Greeks
the Ionian revolt, 131; consti-
tution of Cleisthenes, 140; European
Greece jealousy of the states,
154; battle of Marathon to the in-
vasion of Xerxes, 165; the invasion
of Xerxes, 181; Salamis and Pla-
taea, 195; Greeks of Italy and Si-
cily, 214; events in Asia Minor and
Greece, 222; rise of Athenian em-
pire, 232; Athens at the height of
her power, 241; the years of peace,
251; rivalry of Sparta and Athens,
262; early years of the Peloponne-
sian War, 274; siege of Plataea,
286; Sphacteria and Delium, 299;
Brasidas in Thrace the Peace of
Nicias, 313; Truce of Nicias, 320;
expedition to Sicily, 328; decline of
Athens, 349; surrender of Athens,
363; Spartan supremacy in Greece,
379; revolt from Sparta, 396; the
Greeks of the West, 407; last years
of Spartan hegemony, 419; uprising
of Thebes, 426; Theban predomi-
nance, 436; the peace of 362 B. C.
to Philip's invasions, 452; Philip and
Demosthenes, 463; end of freedom,
471; Alexander the Great, 483; Al-
GENERAL INDEX
301
exander's successors and the Greek
leagues, 511; under Roman rule, 2,
521, 3, 166; the Middle Ages and
the Turkish Yoke, 2, 532, 14, 45;
the War of Independence, 2, 542;
in Treaty of Adrianople, 14, 432;
the present kingdom, 2, 546; sup-
ports Cretan revolt from Turkey,
14, 503
Greece, The Light of: see Corinth
Greek Fire, a chemical composition
used in warfare: description of, 1,
333, 14, 76
Greek Orthodox Church: status of,
2 550; projected union with the
Anglican, 15, 83 note; in Turkey,
287; its reconciliation with the Uni-
ates, 297
Greek War of Independence, a war
between Greece and Turkey (1821-
1829): causes, 2, 539, 14, 411; 15,
268; battle of Constantinople
(1826), 2, 543, 14, 419; Treaty of
Adrianople (1829), 2, 545, 14, 431,
15, 287; results, 2, 545, 14, 418, 15,
274
Greeks: in Italy, 3, 25; in India, 5,
67; in France, 9, 4
Greeley, Horace, an American jour-
nalist and politician; called the pre-
mier of American editors: born at
Amherst, New Hampshire, Febru-
ary 3, 181 1 ; learned printing at East
Poultney, Vermont, where he
worked from 1826-1830; went to
New York for employment, 183 1;
became a partner of Francis Story
in the publishing of The Morning
Post, 1833, which was the first daily
penny paper ever published; pub-
lished The New Yorker, 1833-1840;
wrote for The Daily Whig, The Jef-
fersonian, and The Log Cabin,
1833-1840; merged The New Yorker
and The Log Cabin into The Trib-
une, 1841; was a member of Con-
gress, December I, 1848, to March
4, 1849; visited Europe, 1851, and
was one of the judges of the
World's Fair at the Crystal Palace,
London; made a second visit to Eu-
rope, 1855, chiefly to attend the
French exhibition; visited Califor-
nia, 1859, and was given public re-
ceptions in San Francisco and Sac-
ramento; opposed the Civil War at
Republican Convention, i860; advo-
cated hostilities before their actual
commencement, 1861; advocated
universal amnesty, 1865, and became
one of the bondsmen for Jefferson
Davis; was nominated for the Pres-
idency of the United States by the
Liberal and the Democratic Parties,
1872, but was defeated at the elec-
tion; died at Pleasantville, Winches-
ter County, N. Y., November 29,
1872
Opposes nomination of Clay for
Presidency, 24, 520; favors Doug-
las's reelection, 664; quoted on right
of secession, 714; Lincoln's letter
to, 767; opposes Lincoln, 799; joins
liberal movement, 890; early career,
891; nominated for President (1872),
891; end of his career, 893
Greely, Adolphus Washington, an
American Arctic explorer: born at
Newburyport, Mass., March 27,
1844; graduated from Newburyport
High School, i860; served in the
volunteer army of the North during
the Civil War, 1861-1865; appointed
second lieutenant in the Thirty-
Sixth U. S. Infantry, March 7, 1867;
assigned to the Fifth Cavalry, July
14, 1869; appointed first lieutenant,
Fifth Cavalry, May 27, 1873, and
captain, June 11, 1886; commanded
the government expedition for the
establishment of the American Polar
Station, 1881; made brigadier-gen-
eral and chief signal officer, 1887;
during the Spanish-American War
and consequent military operations,
there was built and operated under
his direction, 1000 miles of tele-
graph in Porto Rico, 3800 miles in
Cuba, 250 miles in China, and
10,500 miles of lines and cables in
the Philippines; installed a system
of 3900 miles of telegraph lines, sub-
marine cables and wireless in Alas-
ka, 1900-1904; United States dele-
302
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
gate to the International Telegraph
Conference at London, 1903; mem-
ber of board to regulate wireless
telegraphy in the United States,
1904; member of board to report on
coast defenses, 1905; lives Washing-
ton, D. C.
Establishes the United States
Polar Station, 16, 319
Green, Beriah (early 19th century),
American statesman: president of
American Anti-Slavery Society, 24,
574
Green, Duff (early 19th century),
American journalist: in Jackson's
" Kitchen Cabinet," 23, 485
Green, Roger (ca. 1653), American
colony leader: leads Virginia dis-
senters and founds Albemarle, 23,
73
Green Mountain Boys, body of sol-
diers from Vermont in American
Revolution: revolt of, 23, 96
Green Mountain State, The: see
Vermont
Greenback Party, United States po-
litical party: nominates Peter
Cooper for President (1876), 24,
909; nominates Weaver (1880), 930;
nominates Ben Butler for President
(1884), 946
Greene, Nathaniel, an American gen-
eral: born in Warwick, R. I., May
27, 1742; was elected to the Gen-
eral Assembly of the colony, 1770;
appointed brigadier-general of the
Rhode Island militia, 1775; was put
in command of the army sent to
protect Long Island; was leader of
, a division at the battle of Trenton,
1776, and took part in the battles of
Brandywine and Germantown; be-
came quartermaster-general, 1778;
won a victory over Sir Henry Clin-
ton at Springfield, 1780; was given
command of the Southern army and
gained the victory of Cowpens,
1781; retreated before Cornwallis
and fought at Guilford Court
House; was defeated at Hobkirk's
Hill; won the victory of Eutaw
Springs, 1781; presented with a
medal by Congress; settled on an
estate in Georgia, near Savannah;
died there of a sunstroke, June 19,
1786
Estimate of, 23, 234; sent to for-
tify Brooklyn Heights, 243; aban-
dons Fort Lee, 245; at battle of
Brandywine, 259; succeeds Gates in
the South, 280; at battle of Guilford
Court House, 281; at battle of Hob-
kirk's Hill, 282; at battle of Eutaw
Springs, 282
Greene's Cotton Factory, Jackson,
Mississippi: destroyed, 24, 776
Greenland, island off the North Amer-
ican coast: settlement of, 16, 47, 21,
3; brought under the control of
Norway, 16, 99; reopened to the
world, 237; visited by Davis, 301
Greensboro, North Carolina: Davis
holds council with Confederate cab-
inet, 24, 813
Greenville, Treaty of, a treaty con-
cluded between United States and
the Indians (1795), 23, 366
Greenwich Hospital, England:
founded, 11, 443
Greenwood, John (d. 1593), English
pilgrim: death of, II, 301
Gregg, Maxcy (1814-1862), American
general: death of, 24, 770
Gregoire, Abbe Henri (1750-1831),
French revolutionist and ecclesias-
tic: opposes Napoleon, 9, 319;
elected member of the States-Gen-
eral, 10, 39
Gregorian Calendar, the calendar con-
taining reforms of Gregory XIII
made in 1582: adopted, 4, 313; re-
places the republican calendar, 10,
467; adopted in England, 11, 488
Gregory (I), Saint, the Great (ca. 540-
604), Pope, 590-604: accession of, 4,
167; sends St. Augustine to Eng-
land, 11, 28; musical reforms of, 4,
414
Gregory IT (d. 731), Pope, 715-731:
opposes Leo the Isaurian, 2, 534, 4,
169; his relations with Karl Martel,
18, 74
Gregory III (d. 741), Pope, 731-741:
accession of, 4, 70; opposes Leo the
Isaurian, 2, 534
Gregory IV (d. 844), Pope, 827-844:
GENERAL INDEX
303
makes Anscarius Papal legate, 16,
27; attempts to reconcile Louis the
Pious and his sons, 9, 48, 18, 91
Gregory V (Bruno of Carinthia) (d.
999), Pope, 996-999: account of, 18,
119; excommunicates Robert II of
France, 9, 67
Gregory VII, Saint (Hildebrand) (ca.
1020-1085), Pope, 1073-1085: power
of, 130; pontificate of, 133; quarrels
with Emperor Henry IV, xi, 77',
his relations with William the Con-
queror, 77; aids Hungary against
the emperor, 17, 51; his relations to
Zvonimir, 38; his relations with
Svend Estridsen, 16, 68, 70; attempts
to reconcile Catholics and Moham-
medans in Africa, I, 323; reforms
of, 2, 535, 9, 69
Gregory IX (Ugolino) (ca. 1147-
1241), Pope, 1227-1241: demands
money from English clergy, 11, 135;
contention of, with Frederick II,
4, 202, 18, 161, 164; urges the crush-
ing of heresy in Germany, 18, 162
Gregory X (Teobaldo di Visconti) (d.
1276), Pope, 1271-1276: character
of, 9, 85; enforces measures of
reconciliation in all Italian cities, 4,
213; demands the election of a Ger-
man king, 18, 179; his relations with
Rudolf of Hapsburg, 17, 74, 18, 180
Gregory XI (Pierre Roger de Beau-
fort) (d. 1378), Pope, 1370-1378: in-
dignation of the Florentines against,
4, 232; upholds rights of daughter
of Frederic II of Sicily, 8, 256;
death of, 9, 105
Gregory XII (Angelo di Corraro)
(ca. 1325-1417), Pope, 1406-1415: ac-
knowledged by the emperor, 17,
121; deposed, 18, 201; abdication of,
204
Gregory XIII (Ugo Buoncompagni)
(1502-1585), Pope, 1572-1585: offers
to mediate between Spain and the
Netherlands, 13, 133; his relations
with Sweden, 16, 165; founds the
college of St. Athanasius, 15, 72;
reforms the calendar, 4, 313, 11, 488
Gregory XIV (Nicolo Sfondrati),
Pope, 1590-1591: supports claims of
Charles of Guise, 9, 168
Gregory XV (Alessandro Ludovisi)
(1554-1623), Pope, 1621-1623: re-
ceives library of Heidelberg, 18, 272
Gregory XVI (Bartolommeo Alberto
Cappellari) (1765-1846), Pope, 1831-
1846: promises to make reforms in
the Papal states, 9, 399
Gregory V (d. 1821), Greek Patriarch
of Constantinople: death of, 15, 268
Gregory (7th century), Roman pre-
fect: in battle with the Saracens, X,
301
Greifensee, Switzerland: siege of
(1444), 13, 401
Greig, Admiral (ca. 1829), Russian
sailor: in Russo-Turkish war, 14,
429, 15, 278
Greig, Sir Samuel (1735-1788), Scot-
tish sailor: at the battle of Tchesme,
*5> 179; blockades the Swedish fleet,
187
Grenada, an island in the West Indies:
ceded to England, 20, 120; seized
by France (1778), 128; becomes a
crown colony, 246
Grenadines, group of islands north of
Grenada: ceded to England, 20, 120
Grenelle, Camp of, Paris: reception of
the Babceuf conspirators at, 10, 377
Grengam, island near Sweden: victory
of (1721), 15, 67
Grenier, Paul (1768-1827), French
general: member of provisional gov-
ernment, 9, 365
Grenoble (ca. 1788), French rebel: re-
bellion of, 10, 102
Grenville, George (1712-1770), Eng-
lish statesman, called The Gentle
Shepherd: made Prime Minister, II,
507; attempts to enforce the Navi-
gation Acts, 23, 205; proposes the
Stamp Act, 207; fall of his ministry,
212; death of, II, 514
Grenville, Sir Richard (1541-1591),
British naval officer: his part in the
colonization of Virginia, 23, 53
Grenville, William Wyndham, Baron
Grenville (1759-1834), English
statesman: his reply to Napoleon,
XI, 549; made Prime Minister, 557
Gresham, Sir Thomas (15 19-1579),
English merchant: agent in Ant-
werp, 13, 74 note
304
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Gresham, Walter Quinton (1832-
1895), American politician: candi-
date for Presidential nomination,
24, 965; Secretary of State, 993 note;
death, 993 note, 1000
Grevy, Jules (1807-1891), President
of the French Republic: presidency
of, 9, 481
Grey, Charles, Earl Grey (1764-1845),
English statesman, called No-Flint
General: proposes Parliamentary re-
forms, 11, 586; forms ministry, 586;
favors Belgian independence, 13,
299; his attitude toward Poland, 15,
296
Grey, Sir George (1837-1898), British
statesman: governor of South Aus-
tralia, 20, 195; made governor of
New Zealand, 212; his second term
of office in New Zealand, 215; sends
convicts to South Africa, 223; urges
a United South Africa, 228
Grey, Henry, Earl of Suffolk (d. 1554),
English nobleman: rebellion of, II,
270
Grey, Lady Jane, Queen of England,
July 10-20, 1553, daughter of Henry
Grey, Marquis of Dorset and
Frances Brandon, called the Nine
Days' Queen: born about 1537; un-
der the tutorship of Roger Ascham,
she exhibited a remarkable capacity
for learning; married Lord Guilford
Dudley, May, 1553; upon being of-
fered the crown she at first refused,
but influenced by her hushand and
father, she finally accepted; within
ten days, upon the selection of Mary
as queen, Lady Jane was sent to the
tower, together with her husband;
was executed February 12, 1554
Proclaimed Queen of England, II,
269; death of, 270
Grey, Lord Leonard (ca. 1500), Eng-
lish statesman: his rule in Ireland,
11, 261; crushes Geraldine rebellion,
12, 80
Grey, Sir Richard (d. 1483), English
noble: taken prisoner by Gloucester,
11, 219; death of, 220
Grey, Thomas, Marquis of Dorset: see
Dorset, Thomas Grey, Marquis of
Grey, Sir William (1818-1878), Eng-
lish statesman: sketch of, 5, 252
Grey of Wilton, Lord Arthur (1536-
I593)> English general: campaign in
Ireland, 12, 90
Greynville, Sir Richard: see Grenville,
Sir Richard
Greytown: see San Juan, Central
America
Griboiedov, Alexander Sergeivitch
(1795-1829), Russian poet; sketch of,
15, 272, 283
Gridley, Richard (1711-1796), Amer-
ican general: at capture of Louis-
burg, 23, 165
Griffenfeld, Peder Schumacher, Count
(1635-1699), Danish statesman: ca-
reer of, 16, 232
Griffin, Lepel Henry (1840 ), Eng-
lish administrator; political agent at
Kabul, 5, 258
Griffith, De Haven (ca. 1850), Ameri-
can explorer: commands Arctic ex-
pedition, 16, 312
Grifo (ca. 740 A. D.), son of Karl Mar-
tel: career of, 18, 75
Grig: see Cyric
Grijalva, Mexico: battle of the (1519),
22, 13
Grijalva, Juan de (1490-1527), Spanish
soldier: explorations of, 22, 4, 23,
38
Grimkel, Bishop of Norway, ca. 1000
A. D.: recalled to Norway, 16, 57
Grimm, Baron Friedrich Melchior
(1723-1807), German-French critic:
his correspondence with Catherine,
15, 140, 197
Grimoald (d. 656 A. D.), son of Pip-
pin of Landen: made mayor of the
palace, 9, 33
Grimoald (d. 681 A. D.), mayor of
the palace: career of, 18, 68
Grimoald (d. 714 A. D.), son of Pip-
pin of Heristal: made mayor of the
palace, 9, 36
Grindal, Edmund (1579-1583), Arch-
bishop of Canterbury: suspended
from his office, II, 290
Grindelwald, Switzerland: battle of
(ca. 1 190), 13, 349
Grinnell, Henry (1799-1874), Ameri-
GENERAL INDEX
305
can merchant: sends out Arctic ex-
peditions, 16, 312
Grinnell Land, North polar regions:
discovered, 16, 312
Grippenberg (ca. 1875), Russian gen-
eral: at battle of Hokau-tai, 7, 312
Griqua-land-west, Africa: annexed by
Great Britain, 19, 80, 216, 20, 227
Griswold, Roger (1762-1812), Ameri-
can politician: views on Louisiana
Purchase, 23, 398
Grobnik, Austria-Hungary: battle of
(1241), 17, 58
Grochow, Poland: battle of (1831), 15,
294
Grocyn, William (1442-15 19), English
educational reformer: attempts to
introduce the study of Greek into
the University of Oxford, II, 239
Groeneveldt, Regnier van (ca. 1600),
Dutch conspirator: plots against life
of Maurice of Nassau, 13, 205
Grog, Old: see Vernon, Edward
Groningen, Holland: siege of (1594),
13, 161
Groot, Hugh de: see Grotius, Hugo
Gros (ca. 1850), French baron: his
expedition to China, 9, 451
Grosbeeren, Prussia: battle of (1813),
9, 343, 18, 383
Grossetete, Robert (d. 1253), an Eng-
lish divine: leads opposition of
clergy to papal exactions, II, 35
Gross- Jagerndorf, Prussia: battle of
(i7S7), 15, 147
Grosvenor (ca. 1850), English diplo-
mat: appointed secretary of legation,
6, 239
Grote, George (1794-1871), English
historian: sketch of, 11, 613
Grotius (de Groot), Hugo, a Dutch
jurist, theologian, and scholar: born
at Delft, April 10, 1583; studied at
Leyden; went to Paris on a Dutch
embassy, 1598; admitted to the bar,
1599; appointed pensionary at Rot-
terdam, 1613; connected with the
Liberal party, upon whose defeat he
was condemned to perpetual impris-
onment upon the charge of treason;
studied and wrote at the fortress of
Loevestein, where he was impris-
oned; escaped within eighteen
months, and went to France; was
well received by Louis XIII and
given a pension; returned to Hol-
land, 1631, upon the death of the
stadtholder, Maurice, but his ene-
mies were still active and he had to
leave; entered the services of Queen
Christina of Sweden and was ap-
pointed privy councilor and ambas-
sador to France, 1634; asked for a
recall in 1645 because he had tired
of court life; sailed for Germany
and encountered a severe storm on
the Baltic which made him ex-
tremely ill and died shortly after
reaching Rostock, August 28, 1645
Arrest of, 13, 199; escapes from
prison, 201, 219
Grouchy, Marquis Emmanuel de
(1766-1847), French marshal: at the
battle of Waterloo, 10, 390, 501; in
expedition to Ireland, 12, 207; in the
campaigns of the Hundred Days, 13,
287
Groveton, Virginia: battle of (1862),
24, 763
Grubenmanns, The (ca. 1700), Swiss
architects: sketch of, 13, 494
Grudzinska, Julia (ca. 1800), Princess
of Lowicz: marriage of, 15, 271
Grumbach, William von (1503-1566),
German adventurer: sketch of, 18,
262
Grumentum, Italy: battle of, 3, 128
Grundy, Felix (1 777-1840), American
lawyer: in Congress, 23, 417
Guadaloupe, West Indies: discovered,
21, 9; taken by the English (1759),
20, 118; (1810), 143; restored to
France by Treaty of Paris, 23, 198
Guadalupe-Hidalgo, Treaty of (1848),
concluded between Mexico and
United States, 22, 379, 24, 552
Guadet, Marguerite filie (1758-1794),
French Girondist leader: attacked by
Robespierre and Marat, 10, 254; at-
tacks the Girondists in the conven-
tion, 255; incites insurrection in the
departments, 9, 272, 284; death of,
10, 279
Gual, Pedro (1 784-1862), Venezuelan
statesman: suppresses the insurrec-
tion, 21, 96
S06
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Gualo (13th century), papal legate:
appointed guardian of Henry III of
England, II, 130
Guam (Guahan), island in the Pacific
Ocean: history of, 20, 321; ceded
to the United States, 24, 1032
Guanahani: see San Salvador
Guantanamo, Cuba: battle of (1898),
22, 459; granted to the United
States, 479
Guarantee, Law of (ca. 1880), secur-
ing to the Pope the position of a
sovereign, 4, 399
Guarina, Peru: battle of (1547), 21, 27
Guarnieri, Duke (ca. 1350), Italian
noble: leader of mercenaries, 4, 252
Guastalla, Italy: battle (1734), 9, 236
Guasto, Marquis of (ca. 1550), Span-
ish soldier: at battle of Wernsfeld,
13, 151
Guatemala, Central America: con-
quered by Spanish, 22, 429; republic
of, founded, 438
Guatemozin (Guauhtemotzin), Em-
peror of Mexico, 1520-1525: acces-
sion of, 22, 44; at the siege of Mex-
ico, 56; tortured, 62; death of, 69,
433
Guauhnahuac: see Cuernavaca
Guayaquil, Ecuador: description of,
21, 106; insurrection in (1864), 114
Guaynacapac (16th century), Mexican
ruler: founds a kingdom in Guiana,
21, 27
Gubel, Switzerland: battle of the
(iS3i), 13, 445
Gudea, King of Babylonia, ca. 3000 B.
C. : reign of, 1, 76
Gudleif (ca. 1000 A. D.), Iceland trav-
eler: account of his voyage to Vin-
land, 16, 49
Gudrod (ca. 900 A. D.), Norwegian
prince: mission of, 16, 42
Gudstadt, Prussia: battle of (1807), 9,
33i
Guebriant, Jean Baptiste (1602-1643),
French marshal: his campaigns in
the Thirty Years' War, 9, 194
Guelders, Charles of Egmont, Duke
of: see Charles of Egmont, Duke of
Guelders
Guelders, War of, struggle of Gueld-
ers against Emperor Philip (1500),
13, 52
Guelf or Guelphs: see Welf
Guerande, Treaty of, concluded be-
tween Montfort of England and
Charles Blois (1365), 9, 103
Guerra, Lieutenant-Colonel (ca. 1800),
Colombian soldier: insurrection of,
21, 185
Guerra, Cristobal (ca. 1500), a Span-
ish merchant: discoveries of, 21, 15
Guerra, Garcia, Archbishop of Mexico,
(d. 161 1), Spanish- American prelate:
made viceroy of Mexico, 22, 151
Guerrero, Vicente (1782-1831), Mexi-
can soldier: in the rebellion of 1821,
22, 247; member of provisional gov-
ernment, 264; attempts to crush re-
bellion (1827), 266; declared presi-
dent of Mexico, 268; death of, 270
Guerrier (ca. 1825), Haytian patriot:
made ruler of Hayti, 22, 499
"Guerriere," British frigate: captured,
23, 422
Guesclin, Bertrand du (1314-1380),
French captain: career of, 9, 102, 11,
168
Gueux, Dutch confederates (16th cen-
tury) : name adopted, 13, 88
Gugger (ca. 1750), Swiss divine:
teachings of, 13, 492
Guiana (Guayana), South America:
settlement of, 20, 87; surrenders to
the British, 139; Indian kingdom
founded in, 21, 27
Guiana, British, a British colony in
South America: history of, 20, 247
Guiana, Dutch, a Dutch colony in
South America: history of, 20, 285
Guiana, French, a French colony in
South America: attempts to colo-
nize, 20, 121
Guiche, Marshal de (ca. 1625), French
general: his campaign against the
Spanish, 13, 214
Guido, Cardinal, a Papal legate (ca.
1 160): sent to Bohemia, 17, 66
Guignes, France: battle of, 9, 346
Guilds, leagues instituted for the pur-
pose of securing to their members
mutual protection (12th century),
16, 77
GENERAL INDEX
307
Guilford Court House, North Caro-
lina: battle of (1781), 23, 281
Guillemot, Charles Armand (1774-
1840), French general and diploma-
tist: negotiates truce of Slobosia,
14, 403
Guillotin, Joseph Ignace (1738-1814),
a French physician: elected member
of the States-General, 10, 39
Guinea, French, a French colony in
Africa: Germans settle in, 19, 107;
sketch of, 20, 281
Guinea, Portuguese, a Portuguese
colony in Africa: description of, 20,
298
Guinegate, France: battle of (1479), 9,
125, 13, 50; battle of (1513), called
battle of the Spurs, 9, 135, 236, 13,
54
Guines, Treaty of, concluded between
England and France (1547), 9, 144
Guiomar de Castro (ca. 1450), a Span-
ish princess: her relations with En-
rique IV of Leon, 8, 181
Guise, Charles of Lorraine, Duke of:
see Lorraine, Charles, Duke of
Guise
Guise, Frangois de Lorraine, Duke of
(1519-1563), leader of the Catholic
party in France, called the Butcher
of Vassy: his campaign against the
Spanish in Italy, 8, 354; captures
Calais, 9, 148; regent for Francis II
of France, 149; death of, 154
Guise, Henry of Lorraine, Duke of:
see Henry of Guise
Guiteau, Charles Julius (1841-1882),
American politician; Garfield assis-
sinated by, 24, 934; probable insan-
ity of, 935
Guizot, Francois Pierre Guillaume
( 1 787-1874), French statesman and
historian: leader of the doctrinaires,
9, 372; enters parliamentary life,
389; his relation to the revolution of
1830, 391; made minister of the in-
terior, 396; in Soult's ministry, 402;
made minister of public instruction
in Mole's cabinet, 410; ministry of,
9, 415, 14, 437
Gujarat, India: battle of (1849), 5, 226
Gujarat, Kingdom of, India: early his-
tory of, 5, 107; conquered by Mo-
guls, 113
Gujer, Jacob (ca. 1700), Swiss farmer:
sketch of, 13, 490
Gujer, Jakob (ca. 1800), Swiss politi-
cian: opens the assembly at Uster,
13, 535
Guldberg, Count Ove Hogh (1731-
1808), Danish historian and states-
man: ministry of, 16, 243; dismissal
of, 254
Guld-Harald (10th century), of the
royal family of Scandinavia: sketch
of, 16, 29
Gule Law, The (ca. 950 A. D.), to re-
store allodial lands to the Scandi-
navian peasantry: promulgated by
Hakon, 16, 52
Gulistan, Treaty of, concluded be-
tween Persia and Russia (1813), 5,
359
Gunderic (ca. 400 A. D.), King of the
Vandals: leads invasion into Spain,
8,35
Gundobad or Gundobald: see Gonde-
baud
Gungunyana (19th century), King of
Gazaland, Africa: sends envoys to
England, 19, 232
Gunhild (ca. 940 A. D.), Queen of
Norway: sketch of, 16, 52, 54
Gunhilde (ca. 1025), daughter of
Canute: betrothed to Henry III of
Germany, 18, 125
Gunner (ca. 1241), Scandinavian prel-
ate: revises Valdemar's code of law,
16, 89
Gunning, Sir Robert (ca. 1775), Eng-
lish diplomat: at the Russian court,
15, 165, 171
Gunpowder: introduction into Europe,
4, 255; trade in, made a state mo-
nopoly in Switzerland, 13, 580
Gunpowder Plot, in English history:
a plot to blow up the king, the
Lords, and the Commons (1605),
II, 308
Gunter, Edmund (1581-1626), English
mathematician: applies logarithms
to nautical calculations, 20, 122
Gunther (ca. 450 A. D.), King of the
Burgundians: Attila defeats, 18, 41
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Gunther of Schwarzburg (1304-1349),
German count: rival of Charles IV,
18, 192
Gunthram (Guntram), King of the
Franks, s6i-593 A. D.: reign of, 9,
26, 18, 61
Gunzburg, Germany: battle of (1805),
9, 326
Gunzburg, Baron (ca. 1900), Russian
diplomat: represents Russia at Seul,
7, 296
Gupta Dynasty, India, 319-470 A. D.:
reign of, 5, 74
Gurkhas, principal race in kingdom of
Nepal: seek protection from Galdan,
6, 68; at war with China, 100; sub-
mission of, 103; at war with the
English, 5, 207
Gurko, Count Joseph Vladimirovitch
(1828 ), Russian general: his
campaign against Turkey, 15, 334;
removed from the government of
Poland, 345
Guru, India: battle of (1904), 5, 298
Gurzon (ca. 1830), a South American
colonel: rebellion of, 31, 138
Gustaf (d. 1607), son of Erik XIV of
Sweden: sketch of, 16, 164
Gustaf Adolf: see Gustavus (II) Adol-
phus, King of Sweden
Gustavus (I) Vasa, King of Sweden,
1523-1560: born at Lindholm, Up-
land, Sweden, May 12, 1496; re-
ceived a careful education; entered
public service, 1514; was a hostage
for the Danish king, 1518, and was
treacherously imprisoned; escaped,
1519; heard Luther and returned to
Sweden, 1520; led a rebellion of
the Dalecarlians, 1521; made King
of Sweden, 1523; favored Protest-
antism and made Lutheranism the
state religion, 1528; his reign was
disturbed by domestic wars and by
contests with Russia; died at Stock-
holm, September 29, 1560
Career of, 16, 150; sent as a hos-
tage to Denmark, 141; accession of,
I5i 1545 adheres to the Augsburg
Confession, 9, 142; at the diet of
Vesteraas, 16, 156; reforms of, 159;
death of, 160
Gustavus (II) Adolphus, King of
Sweden, 1611-1632; called The Star
of the North, The Lion of the
North: born at Stockholm, Decem-
ber 19, 1594; succeeded his father,
161 1, at a time when Sweden was in-
volved in wars with Denmark, Po-
land, and Russia; concluded a treaty
with Denmark, 1613; forced the Rus-
sian emperor to a disadvantageous
peace, 1617; concluded an armistice
with Poland, 1629; led the Protes-
tant forces in the Thirty Years' War;
killed at the battle of Lutzen, No-
vember 6, 1632
Early life of, 16, 175; reign of,
176; charters Delaware colony, 23,
108; offers shelter to Remonstrants,
13, 201; acquires Livonia, 15, 22;
his campaigns in the Thirty Years'
War, 9, 190, 13, 211, 18, 278; loses
Livonia, 15, 382; death of, 13, 215,
16, 184, 17, 211, 18, 284
Gustavus III (1746-1792), King of
Sweden, 1771-1792: reign of, 16,
247; visits Catherine, 15, 174; his
war with Russia, 187; death of, 15,
189, 16, 249
Gustavus (IV) Adolphus (1 778-1837),
King of Sweden, 1792-1809: reign
of, 16, 250; in the third coalition,
15, 214; his war with Russia, 216;
forced to abdicate, 16, 252
Gutenberg, John (1400-1468), German
inventor of printing: sketch of, 18,
220
Guthrie, Oklahoma: established in one
day, 24, 985
Guthrie, James (d. 1662), Scottish di-
vine: death of, 12, 345
Guthrum (d. 890 A. D.), Danish chief-
tain: struggle with Alfred the
Great, 11, 43, 16, 15
Gutierrez, Juan Maria (1809-1878), an
Argentine author: sketch of, 21, 118
Gutierrez, Marcelino (ca. 1875), a
South American colonel: assassi-
nates Balta, 21, 210
Gutierrez, Santos Joaquin (1820-1872),
South American general and politi-
cian: president of Colombia, 21, 90
Gutierrez, Tomas (ca. 1870), South
American Minister of War: insur-
rection of, 21, 210
GENERAL INDEX
309
Guttorm (d. 1204), King of Norway:
reign of, 16, 98
Guzman Blanco, Antonio: see Blanco,
Antonio Guzman
Guzman, Luis Enriquez (ca. 1650),
Mexican commander: made viceroy
of New Spain, 22, 167
Guzman, Nufio de (ca. 1485-1544), a
Spanish lawyer and soldier: ap-
pointed president of the audiencia,
22, 67; presides over trial of Cor-
tez, 71
Gwalior, Hindustan: siege of (1780),
5, 193
Gwin, William M. (19th century), an
American politician: elected sena-
tor from California, 24, 598
Gyda (ca. 900 A. D.), Scandinavian
princess: sketch of, 16, 141
Gyges, King of Lydia, ca. 690-650 B.
.C: aids Egyptian revolt against As-
syria, 1, 31; sends tribute to Ashur-
bani-pal, 90; reign of, 1, 144, 2, 116
Gyldensjerne, Knud (ca. 1525), Scan-
dinavian commander: takes Chris-
tian II prisoner, 16, 192
Gylfe, King of the Goths, 1st century
B. C: the legend of, 16, 35
Gylippus (ca. 425 B. C), Spartan gen-
eral: in Sicily, 2, 339; defeats the
Athenians, 344, 347
Gyllenborg, Count Karl (1679-1746),
Swedish statesman: the party of, 15,
130
Gyllenstjerna, Johan (ca. 1675), Swed-
ish diplomat: aids reform, 16, 212
Gyogi (Bosatsu) (ca. 724 A. D.),
Japanese priest: doctrine of, 7, 32
Gyrth (ca. 1050), Earl of East Anglia:
made earl, 11, 63
Gythium, Greece: taken by Athenians,
2, 246; burned by Thebans, 441
H
Haan, de (ca. 1619), Dutch statesman:
arrest of, 13, 201
Haarlem, Holland: siege of (1572)
13, 113
Habeas Corpus, Writ of, United States
law suspended by Andros, 23, 100;
Lincoln suspends, 24, 738, 815
Habeas Corpus Act, law of England:
passed (1679), II, 407
Habibrilla, Amir of Afghanistan (1901
) : accession of, 5, 287
Habits, Land of Steady: see Connect-
icut
Hadadezer (Hadad-idri) of Damascus
(ca. 854 B. C.) : opposes Shalman-
eser II, 1, 80; relations with Ahab,
King of Israel, 390
Hadji Beytarch (ca. 1326), Ottoman
dervish: names the Janissaries, 14,
21
Hadji Mustapha (ca. 1803), Servian
Pasha: becomes Pasha of Belgrade,
14, 387
Hadlaub, John (ca. 1263), German
poet: sketch of, 13, 361
Hadley, Massachusetts: attack on
(1675), 23, 97, 146
Hadrian (Publius iElius Hadrianus)
(76-138 A. D.), Roman Emperor,
1 17-138 A. D.: reign of, 4, 91; con-
dition of Greece under, 2, 524, 525;
visits Britain, 11, 11; death, 4, 93
Hadrian's Wall, Great Britain: built,
4, 92, 12, 249
Haedui, Gallic tribe: aided by Rome,
3, 300; made tributary to the Se-
quani, 301
Haemon (d. 1343), Duke of Savoy:
reign of, 4, 275
Haemstede, Admiral von (16th cen-
tury), Spanish naval officer: captured
by the Dutch, 13, 117
Haffkine, Waldeman Mordecai Wolff
(i860 ), Russian bacteriologist:
discoveries of, 5, 282
Hafiz (Lishan ul Ghaid) (14th cen-
tury), Persian philosopher and
poet: sketch of, 5, 336
Hafiz, Pasha (17th century), Grand
Vizier of Turkey: account of, 14,
216
Hafurstfjord, Norway: battle of (872
A. D.), 16, 41
Hagenau, Treaty of, a treaty arrang-
ing for the acquisition of Carinthia
by Austria (1330), 17, 101
Hagenbach, K. (19th century), a
Swiss theologian: sketch of, 13, 586
Hagenbach, Peter von (d. 1474), Swiss
favorite of Charles the Bold: wid-
ens breach between Burgundy and
the Confederates, 13, 405; death of,
406
Hager, Lorens (ca. 1708), Swedish
Protestant clergyman: his account
of the death of Patkul, 15, 46
Hagerup, G. F., Norwegian states-
man, premier, 1895-1898: ministry
of, 16, 285
Haggard, Henry Rider (1856 ),
English novelist and barrister: visits
East Africa, 19, 133
Hagiwara Shigehide (ca. 1650), Japa-
nese politician: proposes the issue
of a debased currency, 7, 143
Hague, Congress of, meeting of the
sovereigns of England, Holland, and
Prussia (1790), 14, 360
Hague, The, capital of the Nether-
lands: taken by the Spanish, 13, 114
Hague, Treaty of the, a treaty be-
tween the Empire, Prussia, and Rus-
sia (1710), 15, 63
Hague Conference, The (1608), con-
ference of representatives of Spain,
France, and England: 13, 188
Hague International Peace Confer-
ence, The (1899), 13, 318, 15, 35i
Hahn, Michael (19th century), Ameri-
can politician: elected to Congress,
310
GENERAL INDEX
Sll
24, 833; elected governor of Louisi-
ana. 834
Hai-cheng, China: captured by the
Japanese, 7, 268, 272
Haida Indians: their slate carving, 23,
14
Haidar Ali: attempts to expel English
from India, 5, 193
Haidarabad (Patala), India: founded,
5, 69
" Hail, Columbia," popularity of, 23,
374
Haileybury, India: East India Col
lege established at, 5, 202
Hairan, Hagib of Cordova, ca. 1012:
at war with Solyman, 8, 80; deserts
Ali ben Hamad, 81
Hajji Ibrahim (ca. 1790), Persian
officer: treachery of, 5, 356
Hajji Mirza Aghasi (ca. 1832), Per-
sian vizier: under Russian influence,
5, 360
Hakar: see Akhoris
Hakhi Pasha (early 19th century),
Turkish commander: his campaign
against Russia, 15, 284
Hakon (I) the Good (ca. 920-961 A
D.), King of Norway: career of, 16,
52
Hakon (II) Jarl, King of Norway
977-995 A. D.: secures the throne,
16, 29; reign of, 54
Hakon III, King of Norway, 1202-
1204: reign of, 16, 98
Hakon IV, King of Norway, 1217-ca
1263: reign of, 16, 98
Hakon V, King of Norway, 1299-
13 19: reign of, 16, 100
Hakon VI, King of Norway, 1350-
1380: Magnus resigns the throne to,
16, 100; marriage of, 108, 117; de-
feated by Hanseatic League, 18, 195
Hakon VII, King of Norway, 1906
: accession of, 16, 288
Hakozaki, Japan: battle of (1274), 7,
74
Hale, John Parker (1806-1873), Ameri
can statesman: nominated for Presi-
dent (1844), 24, 559; (1852), 621
Hale, Nathan (1756-1776), American
soldier: fate of, 23, 278
Haleppa, Pact of, in Turkish history
a pact providing for reduction of
taxes (1867), account of, 14, 467,
502
Hales, Sir Edward (ca. 1686), English
nobleman: trial of, II, 424
Half King (ca. 1753), Indian chief:
accompanies Washington, 23, 170;
efforts of French to alienate, 175
note
Half-breeds, The, Republican faction
in United States: so named, 24,
934; succeeded by Stalwarts, 945
Halfdan (9th century A. D.), Nor-
wegian prince: mission of, 16, 42
Halfdan Svarte (d. 863 A. D.), King of
Norway: reign of, 16, 41
Haliartus, Greece: destroyed by
Xerxes, 2, 196; battle of, 398
Halicarnassus, Asia: founded, 2, 56;
siege of, 489
Halidon HilL England: battle of
(1333), 12, 285
Halifax, Nova Scotia: fisheries com-
mission meet at, 24, 884, 886
Halifax, Earl of: see Sir Charles
Montague
Halifax, Charles Wood, Viscount: see
Wood, Charles, Viscount Halifax
Halifax, George Saville, Marquis of
(1630-1695), English politician:
supports Charles II against Shaftes-
bury, 11, 408; dismissed from office,
423; desires reforms in Parliament,
519
Halket, Sir Peter (d. 1755), English
. -officer: in Braddock's expedition, 23,
179
Halkett, General (19th century), a
German soldier: in the Slesvig-Hol-
stein War, 16, 270
Hall, General (early 19th century),
American officer: his expedition
against Canada, 20, 154
Hall, Captain (middle 19th century),
English naval officer: his expedition
in the White Sea, 15, 309
Hall, Charles (1821-1871), American
Arctic explorer: explorations of, 16,
312
Halle, Germany: taken by Tilly (1631),
18, 280; taken by Schill (1809), 376
Halle, University of: founded, 18, 320
318
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Halleck, Fitz Greene (i 790-1 867),
American poet: in American litera-
ture, 23, 481
Halleck, Henry Wager (1815-1872),
American soldier: gives permission
to Grant to capture Fort Henry, 24,
744; captures Corinth, 750; ap-
pointed general in chief, 762; sends
Buell to Chattanooga, 773; com-
mander in chief, 775
Haller, Albrecht von (d. 1777), a Swiss
poet and naturalist: sketch of, 13
488
Haller, Berthold (ca. 1525), Swiss re-
former: reforms of, 13, 439
Haller, Karl L. von (ca. 1820), Ber-
nese professor: advocates opposition
to all liberal institutions, 13, 528
Halley, Edmund (1656-1742), English
astronomer: aids nautical science,
20, 122
Hallvil, Hans von (15th century),
Swiss soldier: at the battle of Mo-
rat, 13, 409
Halm, Michael (19th century), Ameri-
can politician: elected to Congress,
24, 833; elected governor of Louisi-
ana, 834
Hals, Frans (1580-1666), Dutch
painter: sketch of, 13, 220
Halys, river in Lydia: battle of the
(547 B. C.), I. 146
Hamada Yahei (ca. 1650), Japanese
adventurer: conquers Formosa, 7,
136
Hamadanites, line of Arabian princes:
reign of, 1, 365
Hamburg, Germany: a member of the
Hanseatic League, 18, 174; sur-
renders to Wallenstein (1628), 276;
recovered from French (1813), 382
Hamburg, Peace of, a peace between
Prussia and Sweden (1762), 16, 228
Hamed ben Mohammed, King of East
Morocco, ca. 1500: reign of, 8, 437
Hamelin, Germany: siege of (1625),
18, 274
Hamilcar (d. 480 B. C), Carthaginian
commander: invades Sicily, 2, 218;
killed, 218
Hamilcar Barca (d. ca. 229 B. C),
Carthaginian soldier: his African
campaign, 3, 102; campaign in Sicily,
104; concludes peace with Rome
(241 B. C), 105; made commander-
in-chief of all Africa, ill; his ca-
reer in Spain, 3, 112, 8, 13; killed, 3,
112
Hamilton, Marquis of (ca. 1600), Brit-
ish nobleman: appointed commis-
sioner to Scotland, 12, 337
Hamilton, Alexander, an American
statesman and soldier: born in the
Island of Nevis, West Indies, Janu-
ary 11, 1757; was sent to his
mother's relatives in Santa Cruz
while a child; became a clerk in a
counting-house there, 1769; was sent
to a grammar school at Elizabeth-
town, N.J., 1772; entered King's Col-
lege, 1773; his speeches, pamphlets,
and newspaper articles attracted
great attention, 1774-1775; received
a captain's commission in the ar-
tillery, 1776, and served with honor,
becoming aide-de-camp to Washing-
ton, 1777; resigned his commission,
1781, but received the command of
a New York battalion of light in-
fantry; served with distinction at
the siege of Yorktown, 1781; was
a member of Congress, 1782-1783,
and 1787-1788; member of the Con-
stitutional Convention, 1787; was
the chief author of the papers after-
ward called " The Federalist;" was
Secretary of the Treasury, 1789-
!795! was made inspector-general of
the army with the rank of major-
general, 1798, and was commander-
in-chief for a short time, 1799;
chosen president-general of the Cin-
cinnati, 1800; opposed Aaron Burr
for the governorship of New York
State, 1804; mortally wounded by
Burr in a duel at Weehawken, N. J.,
July 11, 1804, and died the follow-
ing day
Graduates from King's College,
23, 140; defends Joshua Wadding-
ton, 309; proposes the Constitutional
Convention, 322; in Constitutional
Convention, 324; writes for the
Federalist, 335; member of New
York ratification convention, 337;
absent from first Congress, 343;
GENERAL INDEX
313
Secretary of the Treasury, 344;
proposes tax on whiskey, 348; plans
payment of public debts, 349; pro-
poses a national bank, 350; plans for
national currency, 353; retires from
Cabinet, 357; favors neutrality, 358;
def end's Jay Treaty, 363; in com-
mand of army, 375; enmity between
Jefferson and, 382; duel with Burr,
402
Hamilton, Andrew (ca. 1775), Ameri-
can lawyer: extent of his reputa-
tion, 23, 138
Hamilton, Gavin (ca. 1610), Bishop of
Galloway: consecrated, 12, 332
Hamilton, Sir James (15th century),
Scottish chieftain: joins cause of
James II of Scotland, 12, 296
Hamilton, James, first Earl of Arran
(ca. 1477-ca. 1529), Scottish politi-
cian: commands fleet for invasion of
France, 12, 300
Hamilton, James, second Earl of
Arran (d. 1575), Scottish statesman:
regent for Mary Queen of Scots,
13, 305
Hamilton, Richard (17th century),
English soldier: at siege of Derry,
12, 135
Hamilton, Port, an island off the
southern coast of Korea: occupied
by the British, 6, 253
Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh, James
(ca. 1570), Scottish desperado: mur-
ders Earl of Murray, 12, 321
Hamley, Sir Edward Bruce (1824-
1893), a British soldier and author:
in the Crimean War, 15, 311
Hamlin, Hannibal (1809-1891), Ameri-
can statesman: nominated for Vice-
President (i860), 24, 682; in Con-
gress, 862; hostile to Hayes, 915
Hammer and Scourge of the English,
The: see Wallace, William
Hammer of Scotland, The: see Ed-
ward I, King of England
Hammerlin, Felix (1389-ca. 1460),
Swiss theologian: taken prisoner,
1 3, 402
Hammurabi (Amraphel), King of
Babylonia, 2287-2232 B. C: reign of,
1, 76
Hampden, John (1594-1643), English
statesman: refuses to pay ship-
money, n, 334; impeached, 343
Hampton, Wade (1818-1901), Ameri-
can confederate general: at Colum-
bia, 24, 807
Hampden-Sydney College, Virginia:
W. H. Harrison educated at, 22,
524
Hampton Roads Conference, between
Confederate States and the Union
(1865): failure of, 24, 809
Hamsad Bey (d. 1834), Circassian
commander: leads the Circassians,
15, 298
Han Dynasty, The (202 B. C.-220 A.
D.), second historical and fifth im-
perial dynasty of China: reign of,
6, 12
Hanabusa Yoshimoto (ca. 1875), Japa-
nese minister: minister to Korea, 7,
195
Hanau, Prussia: battle of (1813), 9,
343, 10, 489, 17, 310, 18, 385
Hanazons, Emperor of Japan, 1308-
1319: accession of, 7, 83
Hancock, John, an American states-
man: born in Quincy, Mass., Janu-
ary 12, 1737; graduated at Harvard,
1754; became a merchant of Boston,
1764; was elected to the House of
Representatives of Massachusetts,
1766; delivered an address at the
funeral of those killed in the Boston
Massacre, 1770; became president of
the Provincial Congress, 1774, and
president of the Continental Con-
gress, 1775; signed the Declaration
of Independence, 1776; resigned his
seat in Congress through ill health,
and was chosen Governor of Massa-
chusetts, 1780; was annually re-
elected with the exception of two
years until his death, October 8,
1793
Guilty of smuggling, 23, 205;
president of Provincial Congress of
Massachusetts, 225; Gage attempts
to arrest, 226; delegate to second
Continental Congress, 229; desires
to be commander-in-chief of army,
230; excepted from amnesty offered
314
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
by Gage, 231; opposed to Constitu-
tional Convention, 324; not in favor
of the Constitution, 336
Hancock, Winfield Scott, a noted
American general: born in Mont-
gomery Co., Pa., February 14, 1824;
was graduated at West Point, 1844;
served as lieutenant in the Mexican
War, 1846-1847; became captain,
1855, and brigadier-general of volun-
teers, 1861; fought in the battle of
Antietam, 1862; commanded a corps
at Gettysburg, 1863, and near Spott-
sylvania Court-House, 1864; was ap-
pointed brigadier-general of the
regular army, 1864, brevet major-
general, 1865, and major-general,
1866; held department commands
after the war; was a Democratic
candidate for the Presidency; died
at Governor's Island, near New
York, February 9, 1886
Arrives at Gettysburg, 24, 780;
valor at Gettysburg 782; wounded
in Pickett's charge, 782; at Spott-
sylvania, 789; Presidential nominee,
930; sketch of, 930
Handsome Englishman, The: see
Marlborough, John Churchhill, Duke
of
Hanging Gardens of Babylon, 6th
century B. C: description of, 1, 92
Hanging Rock, South Carolina: battle
of (1780), 23, 274
Hanka, Wenceslaus (1791-1861), Bo-
hemian philosopher and poet: sketch
of, 17. 343
Hanki (ca. 1850), Chinese general:
in the Anglo-China War, 6, 175
Hanlin College, Peking, China: es-
tablished, 6, 27, 28; destruction of,
283, 302
Hanna, Marcus Alonzo (1 837-1 904),
United States Senator: agitated for
Presidency, 24, 1063
Hannecourt, Netherlands: battle of
(1642), 13, 214
Hannibal (d. 406 B. C), grandson of
Hamilcar, Carthaginian general:
takes Selinus, 2, 408; Himera, 409;
death of, 410
Hannibal, one of the most celebrated
conquerors of the world: born about
247 B. C; swore everlasting enmity
to the Romans as a child; became
commander-in-chief of the army,
221; and first subjugated some Span-
ish tribes; attacked Saguntum, an
ally of the Romans, 219, and cap-
tured it after a siege of eight
months; thus began the second
Punic War; crossed the Alps to in-
vade Italy; gained the victories of
the Ticino and the Trebia, 218, of
Lake Thrasymene, 217, and of
Cannae, 216; captured the city of
Capua and took up his winter quar-
ters there; won Tarentum, 213;
gained a victory over the two Scip-
ios in Spain, 212; fought against
superior forces for nearly four years
in the peninsula of Bruttium; re-
turned to Africa, 203, in defense of
his country; was defeated at Zama,
202, and in the peace which fol-
lowed the Romans dictated the con-
ditions; became chief magistrate of
the republic, 201; went into volun-
tary exile, 195; went to Antiochus
of Syria about 194 and was kindly
received; his fortune there suffering
reverses, he fled to the court of
Prusias, King of Bithynia; upon the
demand for his surrender by a Ro-
man embassy, he poisoned himself,
183 B. C.
At battle of Mylae, 3, 101; swears
enmity to Rome, 112; sketch of, 113;
character of, 8, 14; attacks Sagun-
tum, 3, 114; invades Italy, 114; at
the battle of Lake Trasimene, 118;
at battle of Nola, 123; at battle of
Grumentum, 128; recalled to Africa,
130; reorganizes Carthage, 134; re-
ceived at the court of Antiochus,
144; death, 146
Hanno, King of Gaza, ca. 750 B. G:
revolts against Assyria, 1, 84
Hanno (ca. 264 B. G), Carthaginian
naval commander: blockades Mes-
sana, 3, 100
Hanno, surnamed the Great (ca. 240
B. C), leader of the aristocratic
party at Carthage: his colonizing
expedition along the coast of Africa,
19, 6
GENERAL INDEX
315
Hanno (ca. 200 B. C.)> Carthaginian
general, son of Gisgo: defeated by
Scipio, 8, 16; taken prisoner by the
Romans, 18
Hanno (d. 1075), Archbishop of
Cologne: conspiracy of, 18, 131
Hanoi, capital of Tongking, China:
taken by the French, 20, 273; made
capital of Indo-China, 274
Hanover, province of Prussia: sur-
rendered to the French, 18, 336, 339;
given to Prussia, 371; taken by the
Prussians (1866), 41b
Hanover, Treaties of:
1725. Concluded between Eng-
land, France, and Prussia, 9, 234
1726. Concluded between Holland
and the Emperor Charles VI, 13,
253
Hanriot (Henriot), Frangois (1761-
1794), French revolutionist: receives
the title of commandant-general of
the insurrectionists, 10, 258; re-
leased by Coffinhal, 315; outlawed
by the convention, 315; turns the
cannon upon the convention, 316;
arrest and death of, 9, 291, 10, 318
Hans (14SS-1513), King of Denmark
and Norway: reign of, 16, 137; pro-
claimed King of Sweden, 138; re-
signs the Swedish crown, 140
Hans (ca. 1550), son of Frederick I
of Denmark: sketch of, 16, 194
Hans von Rapperswil, Count (ca.
1350), Swiss political leader: at-
tempts to aid the councilors of Zu-
rich, 13, 376
Hanseatic (Hanse) League (The
Hansa), defensive commercial con-
federacy formed (1241) by port
towns of northern Germany for the
purpose of checking the growth of
Danish power: founded, 18, 174;
growth of, 195; acknowledges Val-
demar (II) Syr, 16, 85; accorded
autonomy, 89; Albert bestows privi-
leges on the, 109; at war with Val-
demar IV of Denmark, 115; Chris-
tian gives a monopoly of trade to,
136; presses claim against Gustavus
Vasa, 154; decline of, 18, 231; power
of, 20, 15
Hanway, Jonas (1712-1786), English
traveler and philanthropist: his ef-
forts in behalf of slaves, 20, 130
Hapsburg, House of, German princely
family ruling from the nth to the
18th century: rise of, 13, 361, 17, 99.
18, 179; as kings of Bohemia, 17,
194; ends with death of Charles VI,
13, 254, 15, 133, 17, 192, 18, 328, 23,
163
Harald (I) Hildetand (8th century),
King of Denmark: at the battle of
Bravalla, 16, 19
Harald (II) Blaatand (d. ca. 985),
King of Denmark, ca. 935-ca. 985) :
accession of, 16, 28; his enmity to
Hakon, 53; repelled by Otto I, 18,
in; pays tribute to Otto, 16, 60
Harald III, King of Denmark, 1014-
1018: reign of, 16, 31
Harald (IV) Hejn, King of Denmark,
1076-1080: reign of, 16, 71
Harald (I) Haarfager, King of Nor-
way, ca. 895: forms kingdom, 12,
254; Scandinavian expansion under,
16, 34; collects sagas, 37; reign of,
4i, 5i
Harald (II) Graafell (d. 963), King of
Norway, 950-963: reign of, 16, 54;
death of, 29
Harald (III) Haardrade (d. 1066),
King of Norway, 1046-1066; acces-
sion of, 16, 33; ravages Denmark,
67; plunders coast of England, 11,
65; killed at Stanford Bridge, 11,
66, 1 6, 68
Harald (IV) Gille (d. 1136), King of
Norway, 1130-1136: defeats Magnus
Sigurdson, 16, 80; career of, 98
Harald Kesia (d. 1135), brother of
Erik II, King of Denmark: death
of, 16, 80
Harald Klak (9th century), King of
Slesvig: convertion of, 16, 25
Harald: see also Harold
Haranguer (ca. 1590), Dutch naval
commander: plans capture of Breda,
13, 156
Harbin, Manchuria, China: occupied
by Russia, 7, 285, 15, 363
Harcourt, Count of (d. 1355): execu-
tion of, 9, 97
316
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Harcourt, Henry of Lorraine, Count
of: see Lorraine, Henry of, Count of
Harcourt
Hard (Fussach), Switzerland: battle
of (1499), 13, 4i8
Hardcastle, Edmund (19th century),
American commander: in the Mexi-
can War, 23, 348
Hardee, William J. (1815-1873),
American soldier in Confederate
service: at battle of Pittsburg Land-
ing, 24, 747; at Stone River, 774;
defends Savannah, 805; evacuates
Charlestown, 808
Hardegon (Hardeknud) (ca. 850 A.
D.), King of Leire: career of, 16, 21
Hardenberg, Prince Karl August von
(1750-1822), Prussian statesman:
concludes the Treaty of Basel, 18,
357; his efforts to liberate Germany,
379, 381
Hardicanute: see Harthaknud
Hardinge, Sir Henry (1785-1856),
English general: his governor-gen-
eralship of India, 5, 219
Hardy (ca. 1795), English factionist:
trial of, 11, 543
Harebone, William (ca. 1579), Eng-
lish merchant: sent to Constanti-
nople, 14, 202
Harfleur, sea-port of northern France:
siege of (1415), 9, III f ", 197
Hargraves, Edward Hammond (b.
1816), English farmer: discovers
gold in Australia, 20, 201
Hargreaves, James (d. 1778), English
inventor: invents the spinning-jenny
(1767), 11, 533
Harlaw, Scotland: battle of (141 1),
12, 289
Harlem Heights, New York: battle of
(1776), 23, 243
Harley, Robert (1661-1724), Earl of
Oxford: holds office as a moderate
Tory, 11, 455; becomes Lord High
Treasurer and Earl of Oxford, 463;
resigns office, 466; impeached, 469
Harmar (ca. 1790), American general:
sent against Indians, 23, 365
Harmodius (d. 527 B. C), Athenian
patriot: attempts overthrow of tyr-
anny at Athens, 2, 112
Harmon, Judson (1846 ), an
American lawyer: attorney-general,
24, 993 note
Harmosts (ca. 404 B. C), Spartan
governors: system of, 2, 381
Harmozan (ca. 650 A. D.), Persian
satrap: surrenders to Arabs, I, 264
Harney, William Selby (1800-1889),
American general: in the Mexican
War, 22, 326
Haro, Nunez de (ca. 1787), Arch-
bishop of Mexico: his administra-
tion as viceroy of New Spain, 22,
214
Harold I (d. 1040), King of England
1 035-1040: reign of, 11, 60, 16, 32
Harold II, King of England, January
10-October 14, 1066: son of God-
win, Earl of Kent; was appointed
commander of the royal army and
won victories over the Welsh about
1062; imprisoned by William, Duke
of Normandy, when he was ship-
wrecked upon the coast of France
about 1065, but was .et free upon
his oath to help William to the
throne upon the death of Edward
the Confessor; was proclaimed king
himself, 1066, and William soon de-
manded the crown of him; Harold
refused; defeated his brother Tostig
and the King of Norway, but three
days later was killed in the Battle
of Hastings, October 14, 1066, by
which victory William became the
ruler of England
Becomes Earl of Wessex, 11, 63;
accession to English throne, 64; at
battle of Stamford Bridge, 66; de-
feated by William the Conqueror, 9,
68; death of, 11, 67
Harold: see also Harald
Haroun Al Raschid (ca. 766-809 A.
D.), Eastern caliph: his relations
with Charlemagne, 18, 85; invades
the Eastern Empire, I, 350; reign
of, 1, 350, 5, 326
Harpagus, the Mede (6th century B.
C), Persian general: conquests of,
2, 125
Harper's Ferry, West Virginia: John
Brown's raid upon, 24, 674; seized
GENERAL INDEX
317
by confederates, 717; Lee enters
Maryland at, 764; captured by Con-
federates (1862), 765
Harris, George (1746-1829), English
general: at siege of Seringapatam, 5,
200
Harris, Isham G. (1818-1897), Amer-
ican statesman: heads secession
movement in Tennessee, 24, 719
Harris, James, Earl of Malmesbury:
see Malmesbury, James Harris, Earl
of
Harris, Townsend (1804-1878), Amer-
ican diplomat: sent as consul-gen-
eral to Japan, 7, 157
Harris Papyrus, Egyptian document
of 13th century B. C. : value of, 1,
28
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: convention
for protection of manufacturers
meets at, 23, 472; Whig convention
(1839), 24, 520; Lincoln makes
speech at, 706; Lee's objective
point, 779
Harrison, Benjamin (1740-1791),
American politician: delegate to
first Continental Congress, 23, 223;
great-grandfather of President Har-
rison, 24, 965
Harrison, Benjamin (1833-1901), Pres-
ident of the United States, 1889-
1893: nominated President, 24,
965; sketch of, 965; election, 967;
pardons Mormon polygamists, 984;
nominated for President (1892),
988; complications with Hawaii,
998
Harrison, John (1693-1776), English
mechanician: aids nautical science,
20, 123
Harrison, William Henry (1773-1841),
President of the United States,
March 4-April 4, 1841: defeats In-
dians at Tippecanoe, 23, 416; Per-
ry's dispatch to, 423; victory at Fort
Meigs, 425; recaptures Detroit, 425;
his rise in War of 1812, 433; can-
didate for Presidential nomination,
510; nominated for President, 24,
521; early life of, 524; election, 524;
inauguration, 525; death, 525
Harrison Expedition, The (1905), Arc-
tic exploring expedition: history of,
16, 338
Harrison's Landing, Virginia: Mc-
Clellan's retreat to, 24, 762
Harry the Minstrel, Blind (15th cen-
tury), Scottish bard: sketch of, 12,
309
Hart, Sir Robert (1835 ), British
administrator: his services to China,
6, 250
Hartford, Connecticut: founded, 23,
91; convention at (1814), 433
"Hartford," Union ship: at the cap-
ture of New Orleans, 24, 751; Far-
ragut's flagship, 24, 798
Harthacnut: see Harthaknud
Harthaknud (ca. 1019-1042), King of
Denmark, 1039-1042; becomes King
of England, 11, 60; reign of, 16, 32
Hartmann von Kibung (d. 1322),
Swiss rebel: attempts to extend his
rights, 13, 360; death of, 373
Hartslime, Lieutenant (19th century),
American military officer: rescues
the Kane expedition, 16, 312
Harun al Raschid: see Haroun al Ra-
shid
Harvard, John (1607-1638), English
clergyman: first benefactor of Har-
vard University, 23, 91; bequeaths
property and library to college, 140
Harvard University, Cambridge, Mas-
sachusetts: founded, 23, 91, 140;
early catalogues of, 131; graduates
in Constitutional Convention, 323;
John Adams a graduate from, 371;
Roosevelt, a graduate from, 1068
Harvey, Bagenal (d. 1798), Irish rebel
leader: in the Rebellion of 1798, 12,
211; death of, 213
Harvey, Sir John (1778-1852), British
soldier: makes concessions to the
legislature of New Brunswick, 20,
163
Hasan (ca. 1600), Pasha of Bosnia:
defeated at Sisek, 17, 223
Hasan Uzum (Hasan the Long) (15th
century), Turkish governor: con-
quests of, 5, 339
Hasankin, King of Shiragi, ca. 200 A.
D.: submits to the Japanese, 7, 13
Hasdai ben Isaac (915-970 A. D.),
318
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Jewish councilor: vizier of Cordova,
1,417
Hasdrubal (d. 221 B. C), Cartha-
ginian general, son-in-law of Ham-
ilcar Barca: his campaign in Sicily,
3, 102; statesmanship of, 112; ac-
companies Hamilcar to Spain, 3,
112, 8, 13; death, 3, 113
Hasdrubal (d. ca. 200 B. C.) son of
Gisgo, Carthaginian soldier: de-
feated by Martius, 8, 17; defeated
by Scipio Africanus, 18
Hasdrubal (ca. 150 B. C), Cartha-
ginian soldier: defeated by Massin-
issa, 3, 163
Hasdrubal Barca (d. 207 B. C), Car-
thaginian general, son of Hamilcar
Barca and brother of Hannibal: de-
feated by Scipios, 8, 16; in com-
mand in Spain, 3, 114; at battle of
Cannae, 121 ; at battle of Baecula,
127; crosses the Pyrenees, 128;
death, 128
Hashiba Hideyoshi: see Toyotomi Hi-
deyoshi
Haspinger (ca. 1800), Tyrolese insur-
rectionist, called Father Joachim of
the Red Beard: sketch of, 17, 297
Hassan (625-699 A. D.), Mohammedan
caliph: abdicates, 1, 248
Hassan (ca. 690 A. D.), governor of
Egypt: attempts conquest of Africa,
1, 306
Hassan ibn as-Sabbah (ca. 13th cen-
tury), leader of a fanatic sect of
the Ismailites: sketch of, 5, 332
Hassan Pasha (ca. 1800), Turkish gen-
eral: at the battle of Tchesme, 15,
179; defeated by Repnin, 185
Hasselaar, Catherine van (16th cen-
tury), Flemish patriot woman:
sketch of, 13, 114
Hasslach, Germany: battle of (1805),
9, 326
Hastenbeck, Prussia: battle of (1757),
9, 245, 11, 499
Hastings, English sea-port: battle of
(1066), 9, 68; see also Senlac
Hastings, Francis Rawdon (1754-
1826), English general: his govern-
orship of India, s, 206; at battle of
Hobkirk's Hill, 23, 282
Hastings, John (ca. 1300), heir of Wil-
liam the Lion, of Scotland: claims
Scottish throne, 12, 271
Hastings, Warren (1732-1818), Eng-
lish statesman: attempts to compro-
mise with Mir Kasim, 5, 187; made
governor of India, 189; appointed
governor of Bengal, 11, 526; im-
peachment of, 5, 192, 11, 192
Hastings, William, Lord (ca. 1430-
1483), English nobleman: death, 11,
220
Hatakeyama Masanaga (ca. 1450),
Japanese war official: plots against,
7,98
Hatakeyama Yoshinari (ca. 1450),
Japanese factionist: claims regency,
7,98
Hatasu (ca. 1450 B. C), aunt of
Thothmes III of Egypt: regency of,
1, 23
Hate of Englishmen, The: see O'Neill,
Shane, Lord of Ulster
Hatria, Italy: founded, 3, 57
Hats (Hattar), political party of Swe-
den, 16, 226
Hatti Humaiun, The, decree issued by
the Porte of Turkey, recognizing
the rights of Christians (1856), 14,
47i
Hatto (ca. 800 A. D.), Swiss prelate:
commands the collection of books,
13, 341
Hatto, Archbishop of Mayence, 891-
913 A. D.: appointed regent of Ger-
many, 18, 100
Hatzfeld (ca. 1650), Austrian general:
at the battle of Jaukowitz, 16, 187
Haugwitz, Christian August Heinrich
Kurt, Prince von (1752-1832), a
Prussian statesman: policy of, 15,
214; made chancellor of the hered-
itary provinces, 17, 257
Haultain (ca. 1605), Dutch admiral: at
battle of Dover, 13, 180
Havana, Cuba: founded, 22, 447; battle
of (1628), 13, 209; taken by the Eng-
lish (1762), 20, 118, 22, 201; massa-
cres of (1869), 327
Havelock, Sir Henry (1795-1857), a
British soldier: his campaigns dur-
ing the Indian Mutiny, 5, 237
GENERAL INDEX
319
Haverhill, Massachusetts: heroism of
Hannah Dustin at, 23, 159; attack
on (1708), 161
Havlicek, Charles (ca. 1850), Bohe-
mian satirist: founds the "Official
Gazette," 17, 351
Havre, France: bombarded (1759), II,
501
Hawaiian Islands, a group of islands
in the North Pacific: history of, 20,
307; concludes treaty with Japan,
7, 189; revolution, 24, 998; Presi-
dent Harrison concludes treaty with,
998; republic organized, 999; an-
nexed to the United States, 1034
Hawke, Sir Edward (1705-1781), an
English admiral: sent against the
French (17SS). " 496; (i7S9), 501
Hawke's Bay, province of New Zea-
land: formed, 20, 213
Hawkeye State, The: see Iowa
Hawkins, Sir John (1532-1595), Eng-
lish naval hero: his voyages to Af-
rica, 19, 29; visits the French colony
on the St. John's, 23, 47; in the war
with Spain, 54
Hawkins, William (ca. 1600), English
captain: envoy to the court of the
Great Mogul, 5, 160
Hawkwood, Sir John (ca. 1320-1394),
English adventurer: in the Italian
wars, 4, 253
Hawley (ca. 1700), British general: his
campaign against the Young Pre-
tender, 11, 487
Hawthorne, Nathaniel (1804-1864),
American author: in American lit-
erature, 23, 481
Hay, John, an American writer and
diplomat: born at Salem, Ind., Oc-
tober 8, 1838; graduated at Brown
University, 1858; and entered the bar
at Springfield, Illinois, 1861; became
private secretary and aide to Presi-
dent Lincoln, 1861-1865; employed
in diplomatic service, 1865-1870;
joined the editorial staff of the " New
York Tribune;" was assistant secre-
tary of state in Washington, 1879-
1881; and ambassador to England,
1897; became secretary of state,
1898; died, 1905
His negotiations with the Great
Powers, 7, 279; his note to Russian
and Chinese governments concern-
ing Manchuria, 289; decides the prin-
ciple in the settlements of the claims
of the allied powers against China,
24, 1048; the isthmian canal, 1058;
concludes treaty with Panama, 1060
Hay Bond Commercial Reciprocity
Treaty, proposed treaty between the
United States and Newfoundland
(1904), 24, 1077
Hayashi, Viscount (ca. 1900), Japa-
nese representative to England: ne-
gotiates treaty with England, 7,
232
Haydn, Joseph (1732-1809), Austrian
musical composer: sketch of, 17,
261
Hayes, Isaac Israel (1832-1881), Amer-
ican Arctic explorer: explorations
of, 16, 312
Hayes, Rutherford Birchard (1822-
1893), President of the United
States, 1877-1881: nominated for
President (1876), 24, 907; early ca-
reer, 908; elected President, 913; in-
auguration, 914; "star route"
frauds, 936; civil service reform, 938
Hay-Herran Treaty, concluded be-
tween United States and Colombia
(1903), 20, 332
Haynau, Julius Jacob, Baron von
(1786-1853), Austrian general: in
the Hungarian insurrection, 15, 301;
17, 372, 18, 402
Hayne, Robert Young (1791-1840),
American politician: attacks Foote's
resolution, 23, 489; views on nullifi-
cation, 495
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, concluded be-
tween the United States and Great
Britain (1901), 20, 331, 24, 1058
Hayti (Hispaniolo), one of the West
India Islands: discovered and
named, 21, 7, 23, 32; becomes inde-
pendent, 20, 139; French expedition
against, 140; attacked by Spaniards,
22, 180; main treatment, 491
Hay-Varilla Treaty, concluded be-
tween the United States and the
Republic of Panama (1903): liberal
concessions granted by, 24, 1060
Hazael (ca. 886-842 B. C), King of
320
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Damascus: reign of, I, 181; at war
with Israel, 392
Hazlerigg, Sir Arthur (ca. 1640), Eng-
lish statesman; impeached, XI, 343
Head, Sir Edmund (1805-1868), Eng-
lish colonial governor: governor of
Canada, 20, 161
Hearne, Samuel (1745-1792), English
explorer: explorations of, 16, 307
Hearst, William Randolph (1863 ),
newspaper publisher: candidate for
Presidential nomination, 24, 1065
Hearts, The Queen of: see Elizabeth,
Queen of Bohemia
Hearts of Oak, association of Irish
peasantry in Ulster against tyranny
of the gentry (ca. 1765), 12, 176
Hearts of Steel, Irish insurgents
against tyranny of the gentry
(1769), 12, 176
Heath, William (1737-1814), American
general: at West Point, 23, 284
Heathfield, England: battle of (633 A.
D.), 11, 34
Heber, Reginald (1783-1826), English
prelate and Bishop of Calcutta:
made bishop, 5, 206
Hebert, Jacques Rene (1755-1794).
French revolutionist: arrest of, 10,
256; death of, 9, 288
Hebertists, The (ca. 1790), French
revolutionary party: principles of,
10, 1283; struggle of, with the com-
mittee of public safety, 284; attacked
by Robespierre, 284
Hebrews: see Israel, History of
Hebrides, The, group of islands west
of Scotland: Magnus Lagabaeter
sells, 16, 100
Hecataeus of Miletus (ca. 500 B C),
Greek geographer and historian:
ridiculed by Herodotus, 2, 21; makes
a map of the world, 19, 8
Hecker, Friedrich Karl Franz (181 1-
1881), a German revolutionist: leads
political faction, 18, 399
Hector, in Greek legend, the heroic
son of Priam and Hecuba: in Ho-
mer's Iliad, 2, 29
Hedemann, General (ca. 1850), Danish
general: in the Slesvig-Holstein
War, 16, 270
Hedervary, Count (living), Hungarian
statesman: made premier of Hun-
gary, 17, 442
Hedges, Sir William (ca. 1650), Eng-
lish statesman: made governor of
Bengal, 5, 165
Hedvig Sofia (ca. 1700), Duchess of
Holstein-Gottorp: her claim on the
Danish throne, 16, 225; regency of,
236
Hedwig (ca. 1350), Queen of Den-
mark: marriage of, 16, 114
Hedwig Eleanore of Holstein-Gottorp
(1660), Queen of Sweden: a mem-
ber of the council of regency, 16,
210
Hedwiga (1371-1399), Queen of Po-
land: reign of, 15, 277
Heemskirk, Jakob van (d. 1607),
Dutch navigator: discovers Spitz-
bergen, 13, 167; at battle of the Bay
of Gibraltar, 183
Heemskirk, Van (ca. i860), Dutch pol-
itician: leads Conservative party, 13,
315
Heer, Oswald (1809-1883), Swiss natu-
ralist: sketch of, 13, 584
Hegetschweiler (1789-1839), Swiss
botanist: publishes his plant descrip-
tions, 13, 521
Hegira, The, the flight of Mohammed
from Mecca to Medina: forms the
starting point of the Mohammedan
calendar (622 A. D.) : 1, 221
Hegushagu, Korea: battle of, 7, 119
Hei-an Epoch, the interval during
which the Japanese seat of govern-
ment was at Hei-an Kyo (794-1186
A. D.), 7, 38
Heidegger, Johann Heinrich (1633-
1698), Swiss author: sketch of, 13,
482
Heidelberg, Germany: destroyed by
Tilly, 18, 272
Heights of Abraham: see Abraham,
Plains of
Heiji Insurrection, oligarchic disturb-
ance in Japan (1159), 7, 57
Heilbronn, Germany: meeting at, 18,
285
Heiligerlee, Germany: battle of (1568),
13, 109
GENERAL INDEX
321
Heilsburg, Germany: battle of (1807),
Heimskringla, The, history of the
kings of Norway to 12th century:
account of, 16, 8; quoted, 35, 57
Hein, Pedro: see Heyn, Peter
Heinrich von Bubenberg (ca. 1450),
Swiss government arbitrator: sketch
of, 13, 402
Heinricksson (ca. 1575), a Swedish
traitor: poisons Erik, 16, 164
Heinsius, Antonius (1641-1720), Dutch
statesman: policy of, 13, 248; influ-
ence of, 249
Heister (ca. 1700), Austrian general:
defeats the Hungarians, 17, 233
Hekitei-kan, Korea: battle of (1600),
7, 119
Helen of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
(1814-1858): marries the Duke of
Orleans, 9, 414
Helen of Troy, in Greek legend, the
wife of Menelaus: story of, 2, 29
Heifer, Hinton Rowan (1829 ),
American author: author of "The
Impending Crisis," 24, 677
Helfmann, Jessa (19th century), a
Jewish conspirator in Russia: ban-
ishment of, 15, 339
Heliaea (ca. 500 B. C.), an Athenian
tribunal: powers of, 2, 147
Helicon, Mount, in Boeotia, Greece,
celebrated in mythology as the
abode of the Muses: description of,
2, 11, 12
Heligoland (Holy Land), island in the
North Sea: ceded to Germany, 19,
145
Heling, Raphael (ca. 1750), Spanish
government regent: examines mines
at Talchapa, 22, 209
Heliopolis, a city in Egypt: conquered
by the Saracens, 1, 279; battle of
(1800), 9, 318, 10, 440, 14, 384
Helius (d. 68 A. D.), Roman court
favorite: recalls Nero to Rome, 4,
66
Hellas, originally a town and small
district in Phthiotis, Thessaly,
later the lands inhabited by the
Hellenes: restricted sense of, 2, 7;
mythical inhabitants of, 3, 33
Hellen, in Greek mythology, a king
in Thessaly: mythical father of the
Hellenes, 2, 9, 23
Hellenotamiae (ca. 475 B. C.), Greek
government officials: in confederacy
of Delos, 2, 227, 258
Hellespont, in ancient geography the
name of the strait of Dardanelles:
bridged by Darius, 2, 131, by Xerxes,
183; Athenian operations in, 222;
made Spartan base of operations,
363
Hellichius (ca. 1775), Swedish captain:
revolt of, 16, 247
Helots, state-slaves among ancient
Spartans: introduced in Sparta, 2,
70; conspire with Pausanias, 228;
rising of, 237; subdued, 246
Helsingfors, capital of Finland: taken
by the Russians (1713), 15, 64:
Swedes capitulate at, 16, 228
Helt, Mathew (ca. 1600), a Dutch sol-
dier: aids in capture of Breda, 13,
156
Helvetians (Helvetii), Celtic tribe: lo-
cation of, 18, 7; revolt of (107 B.
C), 3, 193; migration of, 301; Caesar
defeats, 3, 302, 9, 8
Helvetic Constitution (1798), proposed
to the Swiss cantons: forced upon
the people, 13, 512
Helvetic Society (1762), association of
patriots of French and German
Switzerland: organized, 13, 491;
made a political association, 530
Helvetii: see Helvetians
Hembyse, John (d. 1584), a Dutch in-
triguer: becomes a demagogue, 13,
129; death of, 141
Hemmerli, Felix (ca. 1450), Swiss
canon: sketch of, 13, 428; condemns
the laxness of the clergy, 431
Hemmingen, Niels (ca. 1570), a Dan-
ish theologian: persecution of, 16,
197
Hemmingstedt, Germany: battle of
(1500), 16, 139
Hen State, The Blue: see Delaware
Hen State, The Sage: see Nevada
Henderson, Alexander (1 583-1646), a
Scottish ecclesiastic: leader of the
Scotch Presbyterians, 12, 358
Henderson, David Bremner (1840
), United States congressman:
322
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
elected Speaker of the House, 24,
1050; retirement of, 1053
Hendricks, Thomas Andrews (1819-
1885), American statesman, nomi-
nated for Vice-President (1876), 24,
909; (1884), 944
Hendrik Wittboi (19th century), Af-
rican chieftain: resists Germans, 19,
173
Hengist (d. 488 A. D.), chief of the
Jutes: invades England, IX, 17, 18,
39
Hennepin, Louis (1640-1701), French
missionary and explorer: explora-
tions of, 23, 51
Henri (late 13th century), King of
Navarre: marriage of, 8, 206; reign
of, 207
Henri: see also Henry
Henri of Besangon (late nth century),
Count of Portugal: reign of, 8, 272
Henries, War of the Three, between
Henri III of France, Henri of Na-
varre and Henri, Due de Guise
(1584-1589), 9, 161
Henrietta (1644-1670), Duchesse d'Or-
leans: negotiates alliance between
Louis XIV of France and Charles II
of England, 11, 394
Henrietta Maria (1609-1669), Queen
of England: marries Charles I of
England, II, 318; names Maryland,
23, 68
Henrik (ca. 1400), Duke of Osna-
briick: makes war on Elizabeth of
Holstein, 16, 125
Henrik (ca. 1150), Archbishop of Up-
sala: career of, 16, 102
Henriot: see Hanriot
Henrique (1512-1580), King of Por-
tugal: regent for Sebastian, 8, 440;
reign of, 447
Henrique (1394-1460), Infante of Por-
tugal: scientific career of, 8, 304;
campaign of, in Africa, 305
Henrique: see also Henry and Henri
Henry (I) the Fowler (876-936), Holy
Roman Emperor, 919-936: at war
with Conrad I, 18, 104; accession of,
105; invades Bohemia, 17, 62; his
relations with Gorm den Gamle, 16,
28; at war with France, 9, 55
Henry (II), Saint (972-1024), Holy
Roman Emperor, 1014-1024; acces-
sion of, 18, 121; invades Italy, 4,
183
Henry (III) the Old, the Black, or
the Pious, Holy Roman Emperor,
1039-1056: born at Osterbeck in the
Netherlands, October 28, 1017; was
the son of Conrad II whom he suc-
ceeded; compelled Hungary, Bohe-
mia, Apulia, and Calabria to ac-
knowledge themselves as vassals of
the empire; deposed the Popes,
Benedict IX, Sylvester III, and
Gregory IV and appointed Clement
II, 1046; raised the imperial power
to its greatest height; died at Bod-
field in the Harz, Germany, October
S 1056
Betrothed to Gunhilde, 18, 125;
reign of, 128; condition of Switzer-
land under, 13, 345
Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor,
1056-1105: born at Goslar, Prussia,
November n, 1050; succeeded his
father, Henry III, in 1056; struggled
with Pope Gregory VII who obliged
him to sue for absolution at Ca-
nossa, 1077; was crowned emperor,
1084, by Clement III whom he had
raised to papal power in opposition
to Gregory; led an expedition to
Italy to protect Clement against
Victor III, the successor of Gregory,
1090; fought against his son, Con-
rad, who had allied himself with
the papal party, 1193; was deposed
and imprisoned by his son, after-
ward Henry VI, 1105; escaped and
died at Liege, Belgium, August 7,
1106
Minority of, 18, 131; accession of,
131; reign of, 132; at war with the
Pope, 9, 69, 18, 134; seeks assist-
ance of Svend Estridsen, 16, 70;
grants charter to Pisa, 4, 187
Henry V (1081-1125), Holy Roman
Emperor, 1111-1125: rebellion of,
18, 137; reign of, 139; heirs of, 142
Henry VI (1165-1197), Holy Roman
Emperor, 1190-1197: marries Con-
stance of Sicily, 4, 196, 18, 155; his
reign in Sicily, 4, 196; crowned King
of Germany, 18, 154; reign of, 156;
GENERAL INDEX
imprisons Richard Cceur de Lion, 9,
76, 11, 113
Henry (VII) of Luxemburg (1262-
1313), Holy Roman Emperor, 1308-
1313: reign of, 17, 1,13, 18, 185; his
influence in Italy, 4, 219; condition
of Switzerland under, 13, 364
Henry of Carinthia (d. 1335), King of
Bohemia: reign of, 17, 113; deposed,
18, 185
Henry II (1339-1379), King of Castile,
1369-1379: rebellions of, 8, 164, 11,
167; accession of, 8, 166, 9, 103; his
second conquest of the kingdom, 8,
169; reign of, 171; at war with Na-
varre, 211
Henry (III) the Infirm (1379-1406),
King of Castile: reign of, 8, 175
Henry (IV) "the Impotent" (1423-
1474), King of Castile: campaigns
against the Moors, 8, 120; at war
with Juan II of Aragon, 178, 266;
reign of, 180
Henry I (1068-1135), King of Eng-
land, 1100-1135, called The Lion of
Justice: reign of, 11, 88; becomes
Duke of the Normans, 89; marries
Matilda, 12, 261; at war with Louis
VI of France, 9, 72, 11, 92; death,
", 93
Henry II (1133-1189), King of Eng-
land, 1154-1189: knighted, 12, 264;
character of, XI, 96, 97; invades
England, 96; reign of, 97; marries
Eleanor of Aquitaine, 9, 74, 11, 96;
agrees to aid Dermont MacMur-
rogh, 12, 49; invades Ireland, 51;
death of, 9, 75, 11, no; summary of
his reign, 11, no
Henry III (1207-1272), King of Eng-
land, 1216-1272: reign of, 11, 130;
at war with Louis IX of France,
9, 80; persecutes the Jews, 1, 420;
concludes treaty with Alfonso X of
Leon, 8, 152; his relations with
Scotland, 12, 207; death, 11, 141;
summary of his reign, 141
Henry IV (1367-1413), King of Eng-
land, 1399-1413: takes up arms
against Richard II, 11, 181; created
Duke of Herford, 185; banished,
185; becomes Duke of Lancaster,
185; claims English throne, 186;
accession of, 186; condition of Ire-
land under, 12, 67; his relations with
Scotland, 288; death of, II, 96
Henry (V) of Monmouth, King of
England, 1413-1422, called the
Prince of Priests: born at Mon-
mouth, August 9, 1387; fought in the
battle of Shrewsbury and in the
war with the Welsh; succeeded his
father, Henry IV, 1413; invaded
France, 1415; married Catharine of
France, 1420, and was recognized as
the heir presumptive of France; the
remainder of his reign was mostly
occupied in wars with the French;
died at Vincennes, August 31, 1422
Early years, 11, 195; reign of,
196; invades France, 9, in, 11, 197;
grants protection to Jacqueline,
Countess of Holland, 13, 39; death
of, 9, 113, 11, 200
Henry VI (1421-1471), King of Eng-
land and France, 1422-1461, called
The Martyr King: accession of, 9,
113; reign of, 11, 201; death, 217
Henry VII (1457-1509), King of Eng-
land, 1485-1509, called the British
Solomon: his claims to the throne,
11, 217; invades England, 221; pro-
claimed king, 222; forms alliance
with Maximilian I of Germany, 18,
220; besieges Boulogne, 9, 129; sends
out expedition to search for the
Northwest Passage, 5, 156, 21, 15,
23, 34; detains Philip the Handsome
and Juana in England, 8, 190; con-
dition of Ireland under, 12, 72; his
relations with Scotland, 298; his
commercial restrictions on colonists,
23, 66; death of, 11, 231
Henry VIII, King of England, 1509-
1547, called the Royal Butcher and
the Defender of the Faith: born at
Greenwich, June 28, 1491; became
Prince of Wales on the death of his
brother Arthur, 1502; succeeded his
father, Henry VII, April 21, 1509;
married Catharine of Aragon, the
widow of his brother Arthur, June
n, 1509; joined the Holy League
against France, 1511; invaded France
in person, 1513, and with the Emper-
or, gained a victory at Guinegate;
324*
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
made Cardinal Wolsey his chancel-
lor, 1515; met Francis I of France
on the Field of the Cloth of Gold,
1520; given the title of Defender of
the Faith by Pope Leo X, because
of his book of sacraments against
Luther, 1521; concluded an alliance
with France against the emperor,
1525; first attempted to get a divorce
from Catharine, 1527; dismissed
Wolsey and appointed Sir Thomas
Moore Chancellor, 1529; secretly
married Anne Boleyn, January 25,
1533; his marriage with Catharine
was declared void by Cranmer
whom he had made Archbishop of
Canterbury, May 23, 1533, and that
with Anne Boleyn valid, May 28,
1533; procured the passage of the
Act of Supremacy, 1534, thus sepa-
rating the English church from the
Roman church; executed Moore for
not acknowledging his supremacy,
1535; suppressed the smaller monas-
teries, 1536; sent Anne Boleyn to
the block, May 19, and married Jane
Seymour, May 20, 1536; suppressed
the larger monasteries, 1539', pro-
cured the passage of the Statute of
Six Articles, 1539; married Anne of
Cleves, January 6, 1540; divorced her
and executed Cromwell, 1540; mar-
ried Catharine Howard, 1540; di-
vorced her, 1542; married Catharine
Parr, 1543; died at Westminster,
January 28, 1547
Reign of, II, 235; dispensation
granted for his marriage to Cath-
arine of Aragon, 231; aids the Em-
peror Charles V against Francis I
of France, 13, 56; at the Field of
the Cloth of Gold, 9, i37> XI 2 40;
forms alliance with Francis I of
France, 9, 141, 11, 242; declared
head of Anglican church, 9, 142; his
conquest of Ireland, 12, 82; his re-
lations with Scotland, 304; contem-
porary of Suleiman the Great, 14,
145; Protestant Reformation in
England, 23, 83
Henry I (1011-1060), King of France,
1031-1060: reign of, 9, 67; his in-
terview with Henry III, 18, 131
Henry II (i5i9- T 559), King of
France, 1547-1559: marries Catha-
rine de' Medici, 9, 142; befriends the
Jews, 1, 422; reign of, 9, 145; vic-
tories of, 13, 59; his alliance with
Maurice of Saxony, 18, 257; con-
cludes treaty with Emperor Charles
V, 8, 351; at war with Spain, 4, 307;
death of, II, 278
Henry (III) le Mignon (1551-1589),
King of France, 1574-1589: at the
battle of Jarnac, 9, 156; becomes
King of Poland, 158; his reign in
Poland, 15, 382; reign of, as King
of France, 9, 159, 11, 290; war with
Charles Emmanuel, 4, 317
Henry (IV) of Navarre, King of
France, 1589-1610: founder of the
house of Bourbon, called Father and
Friend of the People: born at Pau,
December 14, 1553; educated in the
Protestant faith; served in the civil
war, 1569, and became the head of
the Huguenot party; ascended the
throne of Navarre, 1572; escaped the
massacre of St. Bartholomew, 1572;
the Holy League refused to recog-
nize his title to the throne and as a
result war broke out, 1585, but after
defeating the Leaguers at Ivry, 1590,
and becoming a Roman Catholic,
he was recognized and crowned,
1594; issued the edict of Nantes,
1598; made the Peace of Vervins
with Spain and the League, 1598;
was assassinated, May 14, 1610
Becomes champion of religious
freedom in France, 9, 156; marries
Margaret of Valois, 157; at war
with Philip II of Spain, 8, 356; in-
tercepts letters from John of Aus-
tria to Philip II of Spain, 13, 127;
reign of, 9, 166; forms alliance with
Elizabeth of England, n, 298; ac-
cepts the Catholic faith, 13, 160;
aids the Dutch Republic, 171; con-
cludes alliance with the Swiss, 461;
grants Acadia to De Monts, 20, 82;
his alliance with the Protestant
Union, 18, 266; assassination of, 13,
192, 16, 174
GENERAL INDEX
325
Henry I, King of Hayti: see Chris-
tophe
Henry d'Albret (1503-1555), titular
King of Navarre: claims throne of
Navarre, 8, 349; taken prisoner at
Pavia, 9, 139
Henry III, King of Navarre: see
Henry IV, King of France
Henry (1211-1242), King of the Ro-
mans, son of Frederick II of Ger-
many: coronation of, 18, 160; his
rule in Germany, 162; aids growth
of Swiss liberty, 13, 358; revolt of,
8, 163
Henry (12th century), King of the
Wends: his quarrel with Denmark,
16, 76
Henry (nth century), Bishop of
Lund: sketch of, 16, 62
Henry, Due d'Anjou: see Henry III,
King of France
Henry (II) Iasomirgott, Duke of Aus-
tria, 1141-1177: reign of, 17, 91
Henry I, . Margrave of Babenberg,
994-1018: reign of, 17, 89
Henry I (10th century), Duke of Ba-
varia: conspiracies of, 18, 109, no;
invested with Bavaria, in; death
of, 113
Henry II (late 10th century), Duke
of Bavaria: revolt of, 18, 116; aims
to usurp throne, 118
Henry III, Duke of Bavaria: see
Henry (II), Saint, Holy Roman
Emperor
Henry "the Proud" (d. 1139), Duke
of Bavaria and Saxony: career of,
18, 143; claims imperial crown, 17,
9i
Henry the Lion (1129-1195), Duke of
Bavaria and Saxony: career of, 18,
144, 147, 149, 152, 155
Henry (13th century), Duke of Ba-
varia: attacks the King of Hun-
gary, 17, 74
Henry (14th century), the Iron Count
of Holstein: avenges his father's
death, 16, 114
Henry (late nth century), Count of
Louvain and Count of Brabant: adds
Count of Brabant to his title, 13,
26
Henry (13th century), Count-Duke of
Schwerin: treachery of, 16, 86; his
war with Denmark, 18, 162
Henry (d. 1374), Duke of Slesvig:
death of, 16, 118
Henry, Infante of Aragon, ca. 1420:
rebellions of, 8, 176, 177
Henry (14th century), son of Lewis
of Bavaria; marries Margaret of
Tyrol, 18, 190
Henry (d. 1183), son of Henry II of
England: coronation of, 11, 105;
death of, 109
Henry the Navigator (1394-1460),
Prince of Portugal: career of, 19,
15. 20, 36, 23, 24; enterprises of, 5,
143
Henry (1726-1802), Prince of Prussia:
in the Seven Years' War, 18, 336,
339, 342
Henry (13th century), Infante of
Spain: aids Alfonso X to crush re-
volt of nobles, 8, 109
Henry of Aoyta (14th century), an
Austrian theologian: teaches in the
University of Vienna, 17, 105
Henry of Blois (12th century), Bishop
of Winchester: anoints Stephen,
King of England, 11, 93; acknowl-
edges Matilda, 95
Henry of Breslau (13th century), a
Bohemian prince: claims guardian-
ship of Vacslav IV of Bohemia, 17,
77
Henry of Dampierre: see Dampierre,
Henry of
Henry of Guise (16th century), a
French prince: plots to obtain
throne of France, 9, 160; acknowl-
edged as heir to the throne, 161;
death of, 164
Henry of Lancaster: see Henry IV,
King of England
Henry of Langenstein (14th century),
an Austrian theologian: teaches in
the University of Vienna, 17, 105
Henry of Nassau (16th century): his
campaign against the Spanish, 13,
117
Henry of Oftedingen (13th century),
a German minnesinger: sketch of,
17, 98
326
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Henry of the Netherlands, Prince
(1876 ), Duke of Mecklenburg-
Schwerin: marriage of, 13, 318
Henry of Trastamare: see Henry II,
King of Castile
Henry: see also Henri and Henrique
Henry, Cape: see Cape Henry
Henry, Guy Vernor (1839-1890), an
American general: military gov-
ernor of Porto Rico, 24, 1036
Henry, Patrick, an American orator
and patriot: born at Studley, Vir-
ginia, May 29, 1736; studied under
his father's tuition, but was more
inclined to active pleasures; started
in business, 1753, but did not make
a success of it; failed *in business
and took a small farm, but sold his
land in two years, and went into
business again; upon a second fail-
ure, he took up law, and after sev-
eral years of obscurity, gained a
reputation through a speech against
the clergy, 1763; was elected a mem-
ber of the House of Burgesses, 1765,
and proposed the resolutions against
the Stamp Act, which were passed,
1765; was chosen delegate to the
Continental Congress, 1774; elected
Governor of Virginia, 1776, which
office he held until 1779; resisted
the adoption of the Federal Consti-
tution; died at Red Hill, Virginia,
June 6, 1799
Elevates the legal profession, 23,
138; defeats clergy, 151; wins fame
as an orator, 207; his speech before
the House of Burgesses, 211; uses
his eloquence in favor of rebellion,
216; delegate to first Continental
Congress, 223; delegate to second
Continental Congress, 229; his esti-
mate of Washington, 230; opposed
to Constitutional Convention, 324;
opposes ratification of the Constitu-
tion, 336; absent from first Con-
gress, 343
Henry Casimir (17th century), Count
of Nassau: death of, 13, 213
Henry Hill, Virginia: in Battle of Bull
Run, 24, 735
Henry Rasper (d. 1247), Landgrave of
Thuringia: usurps throne of Ger-
many, 18, 166
Hentzi, Henry (1785-1849), Austrian
soldier: defends Buda, 15, 300
Henzi, Samuel (1701-1749), Swiss con-
spirator: sketch of, 13, 498
Hepburn, James, Earl of Bothwell:
see Bothwell, James Hepburn, Earl
of
Hepburn Bill, in United States his-
tory, relating to commercial pro-
visions (1905), 24, 1075
Hera, a Greek goddess: confused at-
tributes of, 2, 39; of Samos, 52
Heraclea, Asia Minor: siege of, 1, 352
Heracles (Hercules), a Greek mytho-
logical hero: was, according to Ho-
mer, the son of Jupiter and Ale-
mena; supposed to have been born
at Thebes; strangled two serpents
while in his cradle; was famed for
heroic deeds in his youth, and
for delivering the city of Thebes,
was given in marriage, Megara, the
daughter of the King of Thebes; ac-
complished the Twelve Labors,
which were the slaying of the Ne-
mean lion, and the Lernsean hydra,
the capture of the stag with the
golden horns, and of a wild boar,
the cleansing of the Augean stables,
the destruction of the Stymphalian
birds, the capture of the Cretan bull,
and the horses of Diomedes, the
winning of the girdle of the Queen
of the Amazons, the fetching of the
red oxen of Geryon, the procuring
of the golden apples of the Hesper-
ides, and the bringing to the upper
world of the dog Cerberus; became
a slave of the Queen of Lydia; mar-
ried Dejanira; was poisoned by a
garment, on which Dejanira had put
the blood of Nessus as a love charm;
was about to kill himself through
pain on Mount Oeta, when he was
taken by a cloud to Olympus, and
was endowed with immortality
Divine ancestor of kings of
Sparta, 2, 21; adopted from Phoeni-
cians, 28; temple of, at Tyre, 494
Heraclian (d. 413 A. D.), a Roman
GENERAL INDEX
327
general: stops supply of corn, 4,
141
Heraclius (ca. 575-641 A. D.), Byzan-
tine emperor, 610-641 A. D.: expels
the Persians from Egypt (629 A.
D.)> I, 35; his friendship with Mo-
hammed, 234; annihilates Persian
forces, 2, 533; his wars in the East, 5,
321; his policy toward the Avars,
17, 21; death of, 1, 296
Heraclius of Georgia (d. 1793), Czar
of Tiflis : account of, 14, 362; reign
of, 5, 357; death of, 15, 213
Herakles (Sandon) (ca. 700 B. C),
King of Lydia: founds kingdom, 1,
143
Herard (19th century), West Indian
patriot: president of Hayti, 22,
498
Heraricus (d. 540 A. D.), King of
Italy: reign of, 5, 160
Herat, Persia: religious toleration in,
1, 322; battle of (1585), 5, 3435
sieges of (1832), 360; (1837), 216,
361
Herbert (d. 943 A. D.), Count of Ver-
mandois: at war with Hugh the
Great, 9, 54; makes alliance with
Hugh the Great, 56
Herbert, Arthur, Earl of Torrington
(d. 1716), English admiral; defeated
at Beachy Head, 11, 438
Herbert, Hilary Abner (1834 ),
United States lawyer: Secretary of
the Navy, 24, 993 note
Hercelles (19th century), a Peruvian
colonel: his mission to Paita, 21,
197
Herculaneum, city near Naples: de-
stroyed, 4, 83
Herder, Johann Gottfried von (1744-
1803), German critic and poet: in-
fluence of, 18, 333, 353
Heredia (d. 1832), South American
general: death of, 21, 124
Hereford, Roger, Earl of (ca. 1075),
Norman rebel leader: leads revolt
of the Earls, II, 78
Hereux, D. Ulysses (d. 1899), Presi-
dent of San Domingo: his adminis-
tration, 22, 503
Hereward (d. 1072), English outlaw
and patriot: revolt of, 11, 73
Herford, Henry, Duke of: see Henry
IV, King of England
Herhor, King of Egypt, ca. 1100 B.
C. : usurps the throne, 1, 29
Heribert (nth century), Archbishop
of Milan: career of, 18, 127
Hericourt, France: siege and battle
of (1474), 13, 407
Heriold (ca. 900 A. D.), a Norman
prince: gains a footing in the Neth-
erlands, 13, 20
Herkimer, Nicholas (d. 1777), an
American Revolutionary general: in
battle of Oriskany, 23, 254
Hermae, busts of the God Hermes:
mutilation of, 2, 331
Hermagoras, Saint (ca. 100 A. D.),
early Christian divine: consecrated
as bishop of Aquileia, 17, 14
Hermanaric (Hermanric) (d. 376 A.
D.), King of the East Goths: unites
the Goths into one nation, 4, 136;
death of, 18, 33
Hermanfried (ca. 525 A. D.), King of
Thuringia: his struggles with Theu-
deric, 18, 60
Hermann: see Arminius
Hermann of Salza (1 170-1239), a Ger-
man prince: career of, 18, 173
Hermanstadt, Transylvania: battle of
(1442), 14, 61, 17, 157; taken by
Bern, 17, 371; taken by the Rus-
sians (1849), 15, 301
Hermanszoon, Wolfert (ca. 1600),
Dutch naval commander: defeats the
Spanish, 13, 180
Hermelin (ca. 1700), Swedish officer:
Charles XII discloses his plans to,
16, 217
Hermeric, King of the Suevi, ca. 400
A. D. : leads the invasion of the
Suevi into Spain, 8, 35; reign of,
37
Hermingarde (ca. 770 A. D.), wife of
Charlemagne: repudiation of, 18,
79
Hermione, in ancient geography, a
Greek state: in the Spartan alliance,
2, 274, 440
Hermocrates (d. 408 B. C), a Syra-
cusan general: warns Athenian gen-
erals of their fate, 2, 347; in Asia,
352; slain, 409
328
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Hermopolis, capital of the Cyclades:
in modern Greece, 2, 548
Hermunduri, a German tribe in the
4th century: attack Celts, 17, II ;
location of, 18, 6; incorporated with
Thuringians, 28
Hernandez, Francisco (ca. 1505-1554),
a Spanish soldier and explorer: ex-
plorations of, 22, 436
Hernici, ancient Italian tribe: alli-
ances with Rome, 3, 22, 63
Hero of Modern Italy, The: see Gari-
baldi, Guiseppe
Hero of Quebec: see Wolfe, James
Hero of San Jacinto: see Houston,
Sam
Hero of the Nile, The: see Nelson,
Horatio
Hero of the Nine Hostages, The: see
Nial the Great, King of Ireland
Hero of the Peninsula, The: see Wel-
lington, Arthur Wellesley, Duke of
Herod the Great, King of Judea, 40-
4 B, C: suppresses revolt of Antig-
onus, I, 408; made king of the
Jews, 409; receives an extension of
his territory, 4, 39
Herod Agrippa: see Agrippa, Herod
Herod Philip: see Philip
Herodes Atticus (ca. 104-180 A. D.),
Greek rhetorician: his benefits to
Athens, 2, 523
Herodeum, Palestine: captured by the
Romans, 1, 412
Herodotus, a Greek historian, called
the Father of History: born at Hali-
carnassus in Caria, about 484 B. C. :
took part in the expulsion of Lyg-
damus the tyrant of Halicarnassus;
left his native land and traveled in
the Persian Empire, Egypt, Asia
Minor, and Greece; lived in Athens
a few years; settled in Thurium,
Italy, about 444 B. C.; his works
are accurate and interesting; died at
Thurium, Italy, about 424 B. C.
Quoted on Homeric theology, 2, 38;
ridicules chronology of Hicataeus,
21; quoted, 54; on constitution of
Lycurgus, 64; at Thurii, 259; his rec-
ognition of the Eastern Question,
*4> 35 visits Africa, 19, 8
Herradura, Chili: declared to be in a
state of blockade (1865), 21, 221
Herran, Pedro Alcantara (19th cen-
tury), Colombian statesman: envoy
to the United States, 24, 1058
Herrera y Obes, Julio (19th century),
statesman of Uruguay: his admin-
istration as president of Uruguay,
21, 259
Herrerd, Jose Joaquim de (1 792-1 854),
Mexican general and statesman: his
administration as president of Mex-
ico, 22, 279, 283
Herrings, Battle of the (1429), near
Rouvray, France, 9, 114
Hersey, Henry B. (living), an Amer-
ican officer: member of the Well-
man Expedition, 16, 341
Hertel de Rouville: see Rouville, Her-
tel de
Hertford, Edward Seymour, Earl of:
see Seymour, Edward, Duke of Som-
erset
Hertzberg (1725-1793), Count Ewald
Friedrich von, a Prussian statesman:
policy of, 18, 355
Heruli, an early Germanic tribe: their
relations with the Longobards, 18,
51
Hervieu, Gaston (living), French
aeronaut: member of the Wellman
Expedition, 16, 341
Hervilly, Count of (d. 1795), French
officer: joins allied forces, 9, 294
Herwarth von Bittenfeld (19th cen-
tury), a Prussian general: cam-
paigns of, 18, 410
Herzegovina, Austrian province for-
merly under Turkish rule: insur-
rection of the Slavs (1875), 17, 418;
acquisition and incorporation of, by
Austria-Hungary, 421
Herzen, Alexander (1812-1870), a Rus-
sian author and political agitator:
counsels of, 15, 332
Herzinger (19th century), Austrian
general: in the Hungarian insurrec-
tion, 15, 301
Herzog (19th century), Swiss officer:
made general of the Federal forces/-
13, 562
Herzog, Marianus (ca. 1800), Swiss
GENERAL INDEX
329
ecclesiastic: leads opposition to the
new constitution, 13, 513
Herzogenbuchsee, Berne, Switzerland:
battle of (1653), 13, 473
Hesiod (ca. 735 B. C), Greek poet:
compared to Homer, 2, 13, 38
Hessians, inhabitants of Hesse, Ger-
many: hired by the King of Eng-
land to subjugate the colonies, 23,
237
Hetaeria Philike, secret political or-
ganization formed for the purpose
of freeing Greece from Turkey
(1814), 2, 541, 14, 413
Hewett (19th century), British con-
sul: his mission to Africa, 19, 109
Hewitt, Abram Stevens (1822-1903), an
American statesman: candidate
against Roosevelt for mayor of New
York, 24, 1069
Heyden, Count von (1772-1850), Rus-
sian naval commander: in the Greek
war, 15, 276
Heyn, Peter (1570-1629), a Dutch ad-
miral: commands fleet of West In-
dia Company, 13, 209; captures a
Spanish fleet, 22, 163
Hezekiah, King of Judah, 727-699 B.
C. : defeated by Sennacherib, 1, 87;
reign of, 396
Hiarbas, King of Numidia, ca. 80 B.
C: defeated by Pompeius, 3, 228
Hiawatha, Indian legendary character:
given to romance by Iroquois, 23, 8
Hibernia: see Ireland
Hickory, Old: see Jackson, Andrew
Hicks Pasha (William Hicks) (1831-
1883), a British officer: his campaign
against the Mahdi, 1, 40, 11, 634,
19, 271
Hidalzo y Costilla, Miguel (1753-
1811), leader in Mexican war of In-
dependence: death of, 22, 240
Hideyoshi (ca. 1600), Japanese gen-
eral: invades Korea, 6, 37
Hieda-no-Are (ca. 700 A. D.), Japa-
nese historian : compiles annals of the
reigns of Japanese sovereigns, 7,
35
Hiempsal (ca. 80 B. C), Numidian
prince: restored to throne, 3, 228
Hiero (d. 467 B. C), Tyrant of Syra-
cuse, ca. 478-467 B. C: reign of, 2,
218
Hiero (ca. 307-216 B. C), King of
Syracuse: attacks Messana, 3, 99;
granted his independence as ruler of
Syracuse, 106
Hieroglyphics, ancient Egyptian and
Mexican system of writing: used by
Aztecs, 23, 7
Hieronymus: see Jerome (Hierony-
mus), Saint
Hierta (ca. 1830), Swedish journal-
ist: founds the " Aftonbladet," 16,
259
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth (1823
), an American author: aids
cause of negro abduction, 24, 617
High-Born Demosthenes, The: see
William the Silent, Prince of
Orange
Hiketos (ca. 340 B. C), Greek gen-
eral: tyrant of Leontini, 2, 417
Hiki Yoshikazu (ca. 1200), member
of the Japanese royal family: plots
against the Hojo family, 7, 69
Hildebald (ca. 540 A. D.), King of
Italy: reign of, 4, 160
Hildebrand: see Gregory VII
Hilkiah (ca. 625 B. C), Jewish high
priest: finds the Book of Deuter-
onomy, 1, 398
Hill, Abigail (d. 1734), English court
lady: her relations with Queen
Anne, 11, 458
Hill, Benjamin H. (1823-1882), Amer-
ican statesman: member of the Sen-
ate, 24, 916
Hill, David Bennett (1844 ), Amer-
ican statesman: elected governor,
24, 968; attempts to defeat nomina-
tion of Cleveland (1892), 990; rec-
ommended for chairman of Demo-
cratic convention (1896), 1013
Hill, David Harvey (1821-1889),
American general: in plan for in-
vasion of North, 24, 764
Hill, Isaac (1788-1851), American
journalist: in Jackson's " Kitchen
Cabinet," 24, 485
Hill, Sir Rowland (1795-1879), author
of the penny postal system: sketch
of, 11, 597
330
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Himalayas, mountain system in Asia:
description of, 5, 5
Himera, in ancient geography a town
of Sicily: victory of Gelo at, 2, 218;
destroyed by Hannibal, 409
Himilco (ca. 250 B. C.)> Carthaginian
admiral: at the siege of Lilybaeum,
3, 103
Himri, Russia: siege of, 15, 298
Himu (d. 1556), Persian general: at
battle of Panipat, 5, in
Hincmar (ca. 806-882 A. D.), Arch-
bishop of Rheims: master of Gaul,
9, Si
Hinduism: see Religions, Pagan
Hinze, George (ca. 1500), Danish
canon: guardian of Christian, 16,
147
Hipparchus (ca. 490 B. C), Tyrant of
Athens: reign of, 2, 11 1
Hippias (ca. 490 B. C), Tyrant of
Athens: reign of, 2, in; at Sparta,
155; joins the Persians, 164; at
Marathon, 165
Hippocrates (ca. 425 B. C), Athenian
general: defeated at Delium, 2, 311
Hippolyte (Hyppolite), Louis Mon-
destin Florvil (d. 1896), Haytian
general: elected president of Hayti,
22, 501
Hippolytus a Lapide: see Chemnitz,
Philip
Hira, Arabia: conquered by the Sara-
cens, 1, 259
Hiraga Tomomasa (ca. 1200), mem-
ber of the Japanese royal family:
plots to obtain the shogunate, 7,
70
Hiram I, King of Tyre, ca. 1000 B
C: reign of, 1, 123
Hiram II, King of Tyre, ca. 800 B.
C: reign of, 1, 124
Hiram College, Ohio: Garfield in
faculty of, 24, 930
Hirtius, Aulus (d. 43 B. C), Roman
politician: attachment to Caesar, 3,
362; consul-elect, 4, 12; death, 13
Hirzel, Switzerland: battle of (1443),
13, 400
Hirzel, Bernhard (1807-1847), Swiss
insurrectionist: leads conservative
opposition, 13, 546
Hirzel, Hans Kaspar (1725-1803),
Swiss physician and senator: sketch
of, 13, 490
Hispaniola: see Hayti
Histiaeus (d. 494 B. C), Tyrant of
Miletus: favored by Darius, 2, 132;
at the Danube bridge, 132; fosters
Ionian revolt, 133; slain, 138
History, The Father of: see Herod-
otus
Hittites, Canaanite tribe: conquer
Phoenicia, 1, 122; history of their
empire, 1, 141, 2, 52
Hiuen Tsiang (ca. 700 A. D.), a Chi-
nese pilgrim: quoted on Siladitya,
5, 63; on Valabhi, 74
Hixem (I) ben Abderahman, Caliph of
Cordova, 787-796 A. D.: reign of, 8,
68, 71
Hixem (II) ben Alhakem (ca. 1000 A.
D.), Caliph of Cordova: reign of, 8,
? 8
Hixem III, Caliph of Cordova, 1026-
103 1 : reign of, 8, 82
Hjartvar (ca. 600 A. D.), Danish
leader: treachery of, 16, 18
Ho (18th century), a Chinese states-
man: sketch of, 6, 113, 114; in diplo-
matic intercourse with England, 6,
120, 121
Hoangho River: see Yellow River
Hoar, Ebenezer Rockwood (1816-
1895), an American jurist; in
Grant's cabinet, 24, 861; as Joint
High Commissioner, 883
Hoar, George Frisbie (1826-1904),
American senator: member of Elec-
toral Commission, 24, 913; supports
Hayes, 915; elected senator, 916;
quoted on Grant's nomination for
third term, 926; quoted on Garfield's
speech, 928; fathers the repeal of
the Tenure of Office Act, 951; drafts
Presidential Succession Law, 953;
drafts law for regulation of elec-
toral count, 953
Hobart, Tasmania: founded, 20, 188;
conference at (1895), 204
Hobart, Garrett Augustus (1841-1899),
American statesman: nominated for
Vice-President, 24, 1012
Hobart, George, Earl of Buckingham-
shire (ca. 1760), English statesman:
minister to Russia, 15, 161
GENERAL INDEX
331
Hobhouse, John Cam, Lord Brough-
ton (1786-1869), English politician
and writer: his description of Al-
bania, 14, 368
Hobkirk's Hill, South Carolina: battle
of (1781), 23, 282
Hobson, Richard Pearson (1870 ),
American naval engineer: sinks the
Merrimac, 22, 459, 24, 1029
Hoche, Lazare (1768-1797), French
general: his campaign in the west,
9, 297; receives the chief command
of the republican army, 10, 345; suc-
cessful attacks on the Chouans and
the English army on its landing,
351; his generalship, 374; receives
the command of the coast, 374;
commands Bantry Bay Expedition,
11, 546, 12, 207
Hochkirch, Saxony: battle of (1758),
18, 339
Hochstadt, Bavaria: battle of (1800),
10, 442
Hocquincourt, Charles de Monchy,
Marshal de (1599-1658), a French
soldier: in insurrection of the
Fronde, 9, 204
Hodel, Emil Heinrich Max (1857-
1878), German Social Democrat: his
attempt to assassinate the emperor,
18, 445
Hodge (d. 181 1), West-Indian slave
holder: his cruelty toward his
slaves, 20, 240
Hodson, William Stephen Raikes
(1821-1858), English soldier in In-
dia: sketch of, 5, 238
Hodza (19th century), a Slav leader:
demands a place for his nation
among civilized peoples, 17, 357
Hoeks, Dutch municipal faction of the
15th century: description of, 13, 40
note
Hoemskerck, Jacob (ca. 1600), Dutch
naval commander: explorations of,
16, 302
Hoevell, Baron von (19th century),
Dutch nobleman: tells Dutch gov-
ernment of affairs in Java, 20, 293
Hofer, Andreas, a Tyrolese patriot
and soldier, called the Wallace of
Switzerland: born at St. Leonhard
in the Tyrol, November 22, 1767;
commanded a party of riflemen
against the French, 1796; was prom-
inent in public affairs in the Tyrol,
1803-1809; was leader of the Tyro-
lese Insurrection, 1809, and won the
victories of Sterzing and Innspruck;
became the head of the Tyrolese
government, 1809; was betrayed for
money to the French and shot by
Napoleon's order at Mantua, Febru-
ary 20, 1810
Sketch of, 17, 297; leads the Ty-
rolese revolt, 18, 375, 277', death of,
17, 300
Hogarth, William (1697-1764), Eng-
lish painter: sketch of, 11, 494
Hogen Insurrection, a war between
members of the Japanese royal fam-
ily (ca. 1 158), 7, 56
Hogendorp, Count van (1762-1834),
Dutch general: leads patriotic
movement, 13, 272
Hohenfriedberg, Prussia: battle of
(1745), 18, 331
Hohenheim, Theophrastus Bombastus
von: see Paracelsus (of Einsiedeln),
Phileppus Aureolus
Hohenlinden, Bavaria: battle of
(1800), 9, 317, 10, 442, 17, 285, 18,
364
Hohenloe (Hohenlohe), Count (ca.
!575) > Dutch general: at the Breda
Conference, 13, 119; made lieuten-
ant general, 147
Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, Prince Fred-
erick Louis of (1746-1818), Prus-
sian general: defeated at Jena, 9,
328, 18, 372
Hohenwart, Karl Sigismund (1824
), Austrian statesman: his pol-
icy toward the Czechs, 17, 408;
resignation of, 411
Hojo, family of military rulers in
Japan (1225-1333): rise of, 7, 69
Hojo Morotoki, Regent of Japan,
1300-1311: regency of, 7, 77
Hojo Sadatoki, Regent of Japan,
1284-1300: regency of, 7, 77
Hojo Sanemasa (ca. 1250), Japanese
general: commands Japanese army,
7, 75
Hojo Takatoki, Regent of Japan, 1312-
1326: regency of, 7, 77, 84
332
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Hojo Tokifusa (ca. 1220), Japanese
general: his campaign against the
imperial forces, 7, 71
Hojo Tokimasa (ca. 1200), Japanese
general: restores order in Kyoto,
7, 66; assumes government of Ka-
makura, 68
Hojo Tokimune, Regent of Japan,
1256-1284: saves Japan from Mo-
gul conquest, 7, 73; puts Chinese
envoy to death, 75
Hojo Tokiyori, Regent of Japan, 1246-
1256: rule of, 7, 72
Hojo Tsunetoki, Regent of Japan,
1243-1246: rule of, 7, 72
Hojo Yasutoki, Regent of Japan,
1225-1242: campaign against the im-
perial forces, 7, 71; rule of, 72;
raises Gosago to the throne, 83
Hojo Yoshitoki, Regent of Japan,
1205-1224: power of, 7, 71
Hojo-ji, Japanese Buddhist temple:
built, 7, 41
Hokau-tai, Manchuria : battle of
(1905), 7. 312
Holberg, Ludwig von (1684-1754),
Danish author: Bernstorf cooper-
ates with, 16, 240
Holderness, Robert D'Arcy, Earl of
(ca. 1775), English statesman: at the
Russian court, 15, 143
Hoik, Count (ca. 1770), Danish court-
ier: a favorite of Christian VII of
Denmark, 16, 241
Holkar, Jaswant Rao (d. 1811), Indian
chieftain: at war with the English,
5, 201
Holland, Europe: conditions of the
Jews, I, 421; joins in European in-
tervention in Turkey, 14, 267, 284,
290, 299; joins triple alliance (1788),
360; expedition of Dumouriez into,
10, 246; conquest of, by the armies
of the republic, 346; converted into
a kingdom, 10, 467, 18, 39; treaty
with China, 6, 221; commercial
treaty with the United States, 23,
347; king of, asked to decide North-
east Boundary Dispute, 24, 531; see
also Holland and Belgium, History
of
Holland and Belgium, History of: be-
fore the invasion of the Franks, 13,
3; struggle of Franks and Saxons,
11; rise of the counts, 16; decline of
feudalism and growth of the towns,
24; power of the house of Bur-
gundy, 36; Margaret of Austria and
Charles V of Spain, 53; condition
under Philip II of Spain, 67; com-
mencement of the Revolution, 85;
surrender of Valenciennes and tyr-
anny of Alva, 98; appointment of
Requescens and Pacification of
Ghent, 116; revolt from sovereignty
and declaration of independence,
125; edict of Philip and murder of
Prince of Orange, 135; Alexander,
Duke of Parma, 145; successes of
Prince Maurice and death of Philip
II, 160; Prince Maurice and Spinola,
170; Dutch disasters and the Twelve
Years' Peace, 182; renewal of war
with Spain and the despotism of
Prince Maurice, 201; Frederich
Henry and the Peace of Westpha-
lia, 208; war with England, 225;
William III and Louis XIV, 242;
decline of the republic, 253; the
French invasion, 265; William I as
prince and sovereign of the Nether-
lands, 279; the Belgian Revolution,
291; Belgium as an independent
kingdom, 304; the kingdom of the
Netherlands, 313
Hollander, Jacob H. (1871 ),
American educator: devises system
of taxation for Porto Rico, 20, 324
Holle, Count (ca. 1550), German no-
ble: proclaims the friendliness of
the princes of the empire toward
the Belgiums, 13, 86
Holies or Hollis, Denzil, Baron Holies
(1599-1679), English politician: takes
part in House disturbance, 11, 327;
fined and imprisoned, 329; im-
peached, 343
Holly Springs, Mississippi: battle of
(1862), 24, 775
Holm, Jan (Leijonkrona) (ca. 1654),
Swedish court tailor: ennobled, 16,
205
Holmes, Sir Robert (ca. 1672), Eng-
lish admiral: attacks Dutch fleet in
the Channel (1672), 11, 397, 13, 235
Holmgang, Scandinavian word for a
GENERAL INDEX
333
fight on an island: description of,
1 6, 44 note.
Holmstadt, Diet of (1435), Swedish
nobles renewed their homage to
King Erik, 16, 128
Holovin, Russia: battle of (1708), 16,
219
Holstein War (1413-1435), war be-
tween Denmark and Holstein:
cause of, 16, 126; battles of Fernern
(1418), 126; of Bergen (1428), 127;
ended by Peace of Vordingborg
(1435), 127
Holy Alliance, The (1815), an alliance
between the rulers of Austria, Rus-
sia, and Prussia, to repress the revo-
lutionary spirit of Europe (1815), 9,
374, 15, 265, 18, 393, 23, 446
Holy Alliance, War of the, war be-
tween Austria, Russia, Poland,
Venice, and Turkey (1687-1699):
battle of Lugos (1695), 14, 262;
ended by treaty of Carlowitz, 268
Holy Leagues:
1511-1513. Between Pope Julius II,
Spain, and Venice to expel the
French from Italy, 4, 293, 9, 134,
140, 11, 236, 18, 228
1538. Between Charles V and the
Catholic princes against the
League of Schmalkald, 18, 250
1570. Between the Pope, Venice,
and Spain against the Turks, 4,
309, 8, 355, 14, 196
1576. Between the heads of the
Catholic party in France for re-
sistance to the spread of Protest
antism and for opposition to the
succession of Calvinistic princes
to the French throne, 9, 160
1609. Between the Pope and the
Catholic states of Suabia and
Bavaria, 18, 265
Holy Mother of the Russians: see
Moscow
Holy Roman Empire: first use of
name, 4, 181; founded, 18, 113; dis-
solution of, 368
Holy Sepulcher, Defender and Baron
of the: see Godfrey, King of Jeru-
salem
Holy Vehm, The, a secret organiza-
tion in northern Germany for the
preservation of democracy, 18, 230
Holzer (ca. 1463), Vienna cattle-mer-
chant: leads insurrection in Vienna,
17, 108
Homburg-on-the-Saale, Bavaria: sends
a deputation of children to Pro-
capius, 17, 135
Home Rule, attempts in the English
Parliament to secure a separate leg-
islative body for Ireland: main
treatment, 12, 234; (1886), 11, 635;
(1893), 637
Homem, Vasco Fernandez (ca. 1566),
a Portuguese explorer: explorations
of, 19, 23
Homer, Greek poet, called the Blind
Man of Chios: account of his
poems, 2, 29; the Homeric problem,
30; historic value of, 31, 32; com-
pared to Hesiod, 38
Homer of Philosophers, The: see
Plato
Homestead, Pennsylvania: strikes of
employees of Carnegie Steel Com-
pany, 24, 992
Homildon Hill, England: battle of
(1402), 11, 193
Honain, Arabia: battle of (630 A. D.),
1, 232
Honda Masazumi (ca. 1603), a Japa-
nese nobleman: his estates confis-
cated, 7, 128
Hondtschoote, France: battle of
(1793), 9, 286, 10, 276
Honduras, a republic of Central
America: discovered, 21, 13, 23, 34;
Spanish conquest of, 22, 430; be-
comes independent, 439; Walker
executed, 24, 627; Louisiana Lot-
tery removes to, 974
Honduras, British (Balize), a British
dependency in Central America: be-
comes a crown colony, 20, 120; gov-
ernment of, 245
Hongi Hika (ca. 1814), a New Zealand
warrior: sketch of, 20, 210
Hongkong, an island off the coast of
China belonging to Great Britain:
ceded to England, 6, 135; sketch of,
20, 255
Honorius II (d. 1130), Pope, 1124-
1130: his quarrel with Denmark, 16,
78
334
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Honorius III (d. 1227), Pope, 1216-
1227: his contention with Frederick
II, 4, 201, 17, 93, 18, 160; character
of, xi, 130
Honorius, Flavius (384-423 A. D.),
Emperor of the West, 395-423: ac-
cession of, 2, 528, 17, 16; associated
with Theodosius in the Empire of
the West, 4, 137; summary of his
reign, 4, 146, 9, 16, 18, 35; Britons
implore aid from, 11, 16
Honter (ca. 1566), a Lutheran pastor
of Transylvania: his work in Tran-
sylvania, 17, 221
Hood, John Bell (1831-1879), a Con-
federate general in the American
Civil War: succeeds Johnston, 24,
795; endeavors to draw Sherman
from Georgia, 802; defeated at
Nashville, 803
Hood, Samuel, Viscount Hood (1724-
1816), an English admiral: his cam-
paign in France, 9, 285; enters Tou-
lon, 10, 274
Hooft, Pieter Cornelissen (1581-
1647), a Dutch poet and dramatist:
sketch of, 13, 220
Hoogerbeets (ca. 1609), a Dutch pa-
triot: arrest of, 13, 199
Hooghlede, France: battle of (1794),
9, 290, 10, 345
Hooghly: see Hugli
Hoogstraeten, Count of (ca. 1566), a
Dutch patriot: refuses to take the
new oath of allegiance, 13, 102; flees
to Germany, 103
Hooker, Joseph (1814-1879), an Amer-
ican soldier: sketch of, 24, 770, 779;
outgeneraled by Lee, 771; held from
pursuit by Lee's rear guard, 778;
succeeded by Meade, 779
Hooker, Richard (ca. 1553-1600), an
English clergyman: his "Ecclesias-
tical Polity," 11, 301
Hooker, Thomas (ca. 1586-1647), an
American clergyman: founds Con-
necticut colony, 23, 91; notable di-
vine, 139
Hooper, John (ca. I49S-I555). an
English bishop: martyrdom of, 11,
271
Hoorn: see Horn, Philippe de Mont-
morency-Nivelle
Hoosier State, The: see Indiana
Hope, Sir Henry (1787-1863), an Eng-
lish admiral: defeated at Taku, 6,
169
Hope, John Adrian Louis, 7th Earl of
Hopetown (i860 ), English co-
lonial governor: made governor
general of Australia, 20, 207
Hope, Sir Theodore Cracraft (b.
1831), a member of the Bombay
civil service; sketch of, 5, 262
Hophra: see Apries
Hopkins, Stephens (1707-1785), an
American statesman: quoted on
Rhode Island trade with Africa, 23,
135; delegate to first Continental
Congress, 223; refuses to take cog-
nizance of any case arising from
the Gaspee Affair, 218
Hopkinson, Joseph (1770-1842), an
American jurist: author of "Hail,
Columbia," 23, 374
Hopton, Sir Ralph (d. ca. 1652), an
English officer: commands Royal-
ist forces, 11, 345
Horace (Quintus Horatius Flavius)
(65-8 B. C), a Latin poet: in Ath-
ens, 4, 17
Horazdovce, Bohemia: siege of
(1307), 17, 113
Horcasitas, Presidio of, a Mexican
council: founded, 22, 198
Hor-em-heb (Armais), King of Egypt,
ca. 1500 B. C: reign of, I, 25
Hormayr, Joseph von (1781-1848), a
German historian: reestablishes the
government of the Tyrol, 17, 297
Hormuz, Persia: battle of (218 A. D.),
5, 315
Horn, Count (d. 1823), a Swedish no-
bleman: plots to assassinate Gus-
tavus, 16, 249
Horn, van (ca. 1683), a Dutch bucca-
neer: leads pirates, 20, 68
Horn, Count Arvid Bernard (1664-
1742), a Swedish statesman: the
party of, 15, 130; surrenders War-
saw, 16, 217; ministry of, 226; death
of, 228
Horn, Evert (ca. 1609), a Swedish of-
ficer: his campaign against Russia,
16, 173
Horn, Gustaf, Count of (1592-1657), a
GENERAL INDEX
Swedish general: his campaign in
Switzerland, 13, 464; at the battle
of Nordlingen, 16, 186; his cam-
paign against Denmark, 187; cam-
paigns of, 18, 280, 285
Horn, Henrik (ca. 1584), a Swedish
captain: his campaign against Rus-
sia, 16, 167
Horn, Klas (ca. 1584), a Swedish cap-
tain: his campaign against Russia,
16, 167
Horn or Hoorn, Philippe de Mont-
morency-Nivelle, Count of (1522-
1568), a Flemish noble: escorts
Philip II to Spain, 13, 73; joins plot
against Granvelle, 78; joins con-
federation, 89; resigns his govern-
ment position, 90; refuses to take
the new oath of allegiance, 102; ar-
rest of, 8, 359, 13, 105; death of, 8,
359, 13, 108
Horn-men, a Swiss political party: de-
scription of, 13, 544 note
Horsa (d. 455 A. D.), Jutish chief-
tain: invades England, II, 17, 18,
39
Horse Shoe Bend, Tennessee: battle
of (1814), 23, 461
Hortensius, Quintus, Roman dictator
287 B. C. : reforms of, 3, 50
Hortensius, Quintus (114-50 B. C),
Roman orator: allied with Caesar,
3, 338
Hosameddin, Pasha (ca. 1770), a
Turkish commander: at the battle
of Tchesme, 15, 179
Hosein (Husein) (7th century), son
of Ali, Arabian ruler, claims the
command of the faithful, 1, 248
Hoshea ben Elah (ca. 734 B. C),
King of Israel: usurps the throne of
Israel, 1, 393; revolts against As-
syria, 394
Hosokawa Kazumoto (ca. 1460), Jap-
anese nobleman: rebellion of, 7, 98
Hosokawa Mochiyuki (ca. 1440), Jap-
anese nobleman: crushes revolt of
Akamatsu Mitsusuke, 7, 96
Hospital, Marquis de 1' (ca. 1757), a
French nobleman: made ambassa-
dor to Russia, 15, 147
Hostages, Hero of the Nine: see Nial
the Great, King of Ireland
Hostages, Law of, a law of the
French Directory: effect of, 10, 406;
abolished, 10, 432
Hostilius, Aulus (ca. 171 B. C), Ro-
man general: in the third Macedo-
nian War, 3, 149
Hotham, Sir John (ca. 1642), gover-
nor of Hull: closes Hull against
Charles I, 1 1, 344
Hother (ca. 300 A. D.), a legendary
Scandinavian warrior: slain by
Stoerkodder, 16, 18
Hotspur, Henry: see Percy, Henry
Hotta Masaatsu (Bitchu-no-Kami)
(ca. 1856), Japanese statesman: at-
tempts to negotiate treaty with the
United States, 7, 157
Hotta Masatoshi (ca. 1680), Japanese
statesman: made tairo, 7, 140
Hottinger, Johann Heinrich (1620-
1667), a Swiss Orientalist and Prot-
estant divine: sketch of, 13, 482
Hottinger, Johann Jakob (1652-1735),
Swiss theologian: sketch of, 13, 482
Houchard, Jean Nicolas (1740-1793),
a French general: commands army
of the north, 9, 286; supersedes Cus-
tine, xo, 276; death of, 287
Hough, John (1651-1743), an English
scholar: chosen president of Mag-
dalen College, 11, 426
House of Burgesses: see Burgesses,
House of
House of Commons, the lower branch
of the English Parliament: germ of,
in Assembly at St. Albans, 11, 125;
growth in importance during 14th
century, 182
House of Representatives of the Uni-
ted States: composition of, 23, 332;
salary of members, 346; adopts the
" twenty-first rule," 24, 579
Houston, Sam, an American general
and statesman: born near Lexing-
ton, Va., March 2, 1793; took
part in the War of 1812; was a
member of Congress from Tennes-
see, 1823-1827, and Governor of
Tennessee, 1827-1829; at the head
of the Texans defeated the Mex-
icans at San Jacinto, April, 1836;
was president of Texas, 1836-1838
and 1841-1844; was United States
336
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Senator from Texas, 1845-1849, and
Governor of Texas, 1850-1861; died
at Huntersville, Texas, July 25, 1863
Defeats Santa Anna, 22, 273; at
battle of San Jacinto, 24, 534; com-
mander-in-chief of Texan army,
534; elected president of Texas,
534; opposes Kansas-Nebraska Bill,
637; refuses to join secession move-
ment, 690
Houtman, Cornelius (d. ca. 1605), a
Dutch navigator: his voyage to In-
dia, 5, 154; forms a Dutch East In-
dia Company, 13, 167; sketch of, 20,
56
Howard, Catherine (d. 1542), fifth wife
of Henry VIII of England: mar-
riage of, 11, 261
Howard, Charles, Baron of Effing-
ham (1536-1624), English admiral:
commands English fleet against the
Armada, II, 296; at the capture of
Cadiz (1596), 298
Howard, Henry, Earl of Surrey: see
Surrey, Henry Howard, Earl of
Howard, Oliver Otis (1830 ), an
American general: commands
Hooker's right, 24, 771; commands
Army of Tennessee, 804; commands
Sherman's right, 806; president of
Freedman's Bureau, 849
Howard, Thomas, 4th Duke of Nor-
folk: see Norfolk, 4th Duke of
Howard, Thomas, Earl of Surrey and
3rd Duke of Norfolk (i473-i553)>
English statesman and general: at
Flodden, 11, 236; made lord lieu-
tenant of Ireland, 12, 77
Howard Association, a body of peo-
ple who cared for the yellow fever
patients of New Orleans in the epi-
demic of 1878, 24, 924
Howard of Escrick, Edward Howard,
Lord (ca. 1683), an English states-
man: implicated in the Rye House
Plot, 11, 414
Howden, John Cradock, Lord: see
Cradock, John, Lord Howden
Howe, George Augustus, Viscount
Howe (1724-1758), English soldier:
killed in expedition against Ticon-
deroga, 23, 189
Howe, Richard Howe, Earl, an Eng-
lish admiral: born at London, Eng-
land, March 8, 1725; studied at Eton
and Westminster; became a mid-
shipman, 1739; made post-captain
for gallantry at Fort William,
1745; captured Cherbourg and Mar-
tignan, 1758; succeeded his brother
as viscount in the Irish peerage,
1758; defeated the French under
the Count of Conflans, 1759; was
treasurer of the navy, 1765; made
rear admiral of the blue, with
chief command of the Mediter-
ranean, 1770; was appointed with
his brother William commissioner
to avert the war in the American
colonies, 1776; fought D' Estaing
off Rhode Island, 1778; made ad-
miral and created viscount in the
British peerage, 1782; relieved Gi-
braltar, 1782; made first Lord of the
Admiralty, 1783; created earl, 1788;
took command of the Channel fleet,
1793; defeated the French off Brest,
1794; made general of the marines,
1795; died in London, August 5,
1799
At siege of Gibraltar, 9, 256; wins
Battle of the First of June, 11, 543;
quells mutiny in the navy, 547
Howe, Robert (ca. 1779), American
soldier: commander of American
forces in the South, 23, 272
Howe, Samuel Gridley (1801-1876),
American philanthropist: in San
Domingo commission, 24, 880
Howe, William, Viscount Howe
(1729-1814), English general: his
campaigns in America, 11, 516; at
siege of Quebec, 23, 194; arrives at
Boston, 231; at battle of Bunker
Hill, 232; evacuates Boston, 235: in
battle of Long Island, 242; at bat-
tle of White Plains, 244; captures
Fort Washington, 244; his army pil-
lages college buildings at Princeton,
249; attempts to march across New
Jersey (1777), 258; at battle of
Brandywine, 259; reduces Forts
Mercer and Mifflin, 260; recalled,
262
GENERAL INDEX
337
Hrodlo, Diet of, to arrange relations
between Poland and Lithuania
(1413), 15, 377
Hrolf (ca. 860-ca. 930 A. D.), first
Duke of the Normans, Norwegian
viking: organizes Normandy, ix,
57
Hsi Wang (ca. 1645), a Chinese rebel:
tyranny of, 6, 60
Hsia Dynasty, The, a dynasty of the
Chinese Empire lasting from 1954
to 1687 B. C, 6, 6
Hsian Fu (Sian Fu), China: Nesto-
rian monument at, 6, 15; flight of
court to, 285, 303
Hsienfeng (19th century), Emperor
of China: accession of, 6, 155; death
of, 188
Hsing Pu (Board of Punishments),
a Chinese torture chamber estab-
lished in early times: description of,
i 6, 180
Hsu (ca. 1900), Chinese minister:
death of, 6, 282
Hsu Ch'engyii (ca. 1900), a Chinese
official connected with the Boxer
outbreak: sentenced, 6, 285
Hsu Ching-Chen (ca. 1900), Chinese
councilor: in Boxer movement, 6,
302
Hsu Tung (ca. 1900), a Chinese
' statesman: made plenipotentiary, 6,
303
Hu Weiyung (ca. 1384), a Chinese
minister: plots assassination of
Chinese emperor, 7, 102
Huacho, Peru: gold mines discovered
at, 21, 209
Huascar (ca. 1530), an Inca chief: at
war with Atahualpa, 21, 19
"Huascar," a Peruvian monitor:
sinks the " Esmeralda," 21, 235; de-
stroyed, 235
Hubbardton, Vermont: battle of
U777), 23, 252
Hubert de Burgh: see Burgh, Hubert
de
Hubertsburg, Peace of, between
Prussia, Austria, and Saxony, end-
ing the Seven Years' War (1763),
, 505, 17, 244, 18, 344
Hudson, Henry, an English naviga-
tor: date and place of his birth are
unknown; attempted to discover the
Northwest Passage in 1607, but was
unsuccessful and returned to Eng-
land; attempted to find the North-
east Passage, 1608; entered the serv-
ice of the Dutch East India Com-
pany, 1609, and again started to
find the Northeast Passage but his
crews mutinied and one of his two
vessels returned, but with the other,
the " Halfmoon," he sailed across
the Atlantic to Nova Scotia, then
southward to the Chesapeake Bay
and explored the Hudson River as
far as where Albany now stands;
sailed again, 1610, in an English
ship, "The Discovery"; discovered
Hudson Strait and Hudson Bay;
wintered on James Bay; his crew
mutinied and on June 23, 181 1, he
with eight others was set adrift and
never again heard from
Searches for the Northwest Pas-
sage, 5, 156; discoveries of, 13, 167;
explorations of, 16, 303, 20, 63, 23,
101; his treatment of the Indians,
23, 50
Hudson Bay, an inland sea in North
America: ceded to English, 23, 162
Hudson Bay Company, an English
company chartered in 1670 for the
purpose of trading with the North
American Indians: incorporated, 16,
305; sketch of, 20, 86, 168
Hudson River, a river in New York:
discovered and named, 23, 101
Hue, capital of Annam: bombard-
ment of (1883), 20, 273
Huehuetoca, Canal of, intended to
drain the lake of Zumpango in
Mexico: building of, 22, 145
Huger, Benjamin (1807-1877), Con-
federate general in the American
Civil War: at the siege of Mexico,
22, 363
Hugh Capet (d. 996 A. D.), King of
France, 987-996: becomes Duke of
France and Count of Paris, 9, 58;
accession of, to throne, 9, 59, 18,
119; reign of, 63; visits Otto II in
Rome, 18, 117
Hugh le Despenser: see Despenser,
Hugh le
338
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Hugh of Beauvais (ca. 998), a French
courtier: murder of, 9, 67
Hugh of Peuset (ca. 1199), Bishop of
Durham, English prelate: appointed
Justiciar, II, 112
Hugh the Great or the White (d. 956
A. D.), Count of Paris and Duke of
France: career of, 9, 54; excom-
municated, 57; marries sister of
^Ethelstan, II, 46
Hughes (19th century), an American
soldier: in the Mexican War, 22,
373
Hughes, Sir Edward (ca. 1763), Eng-
lish admiral: his campaigns in In-
dia, 5, 194; at battle of Gondelour,
9, 257
Hugh or Hooghly, Bengal: growth
of, 5, 150
Hugo, Duke (ca. 946), a French no-
bleman: claims French throne, 18,
in
Hugonet (d. 1477), Burgundian no-
ble: death of, 13, 48
Huguenots, the Puritans of France:
Denmark refuses an asylum to the,
16, 235; make settlements in
America, 23, 47; arrive in Virginia,
67; attracted to Maryland, 72;
settle in North Carolina, 74; settle
in South Carolina, 76; value as
American colonists, 127
Hugues, Bezanson (ca. 1525), a Swiss
politician: sketch of, 13, 447
Hugues, Victor (1761-1826), a French
administrator: expels the English
from Guadeloupe, 20, 268
Huing-yo-cheng, China: battle of
(1904), 7, 310
Hulagu or Huluku (ca. 1256), a Mon-
golian ruler: captures Bagdad, 5,
334
Hulan, King: see Alfonso XII, King
of Spain
Hulin or Hullin, Comte Pierre Au-
gustan (1758-1841), a French gen
eral: leads attack on the Bastile,
io, 65
Hull, Isaac (1775-1843), an American
commodore: commands "Constitu-
tion," 23, 422
Hull, William (1 753-1825), an Amer-
ican soldier: attacks Canadians, 23,
420
Hullin: see Hulin
Hiilseman, Baron (19th century),
Austrian minister: protests against
American interference with Hun-
gary, 24, 639
Hulst, Netherlands: taken by the
Spanish (1596), 13, 163; battle of
(1643), 214
Huluku: see Hulagu
Human Sacrifice: in India, 5, 81;
practiced by the Aztecs, 23, 7
Huraann (early 19th century), French
political leader: in Soult's ministry,
9, 402
Humayun (d. 1556), Mogul emperor:
reign of, 5, no; receives aid from
Tamasp I of Persia, 342
Humbert I (1844-1900), King of Italy
(IV, King of Sardinia) : reign of, 4,
397; joins alliance of Germany and
Austria, 17, 426; assassinated, 4, 405
Humbert (I), surnamed Biancamano
(ca. 993 A. D.), Count of Savoy:
founds house of Savoy, 4, 272
Humbert II (d. 1103), Count of Sa-
voy: reign of, 4, 272
Humbert (III), St. (1146-1188), Count
of Savoy: reign of, 4, 273
Humbert, Joseph Amable (ca. 1760-
1823), a French general: leads
expedition to Ireland, 12, 214
Humboldt, Baron Friedrich Heinrich
Alexander von (1769-1859), a noted
German scientist called The Father
of Physical Geography: influence of,
18, 396; forbidden to enter Brazil,
20, 27; visits Mexico, 22, 229
Humboldt, William von (1 767-1835), a
German philologist and author: in-
fluence of, 18, 396
Hume, Allan Octavian (b. 1829), of
the Indian civil service: supports
the Indian National Congress, 5,
270
Hummelsdorf, Sweden: battle of
(1702), 15, 42
Hun-chun, China: occupied by Rus-
sia, 7, 285
Hundred, Council of a: see Council of
a Hundred
GENERAL INDEX
339
Hundred Days, The, the period dur-
ing which Napoleon made his final
effort to reestablish his power
(1815), 10, 498, 11, 567, 15, 262
Hundred Years' War, a series of dis-
astrous wars between England and
France (1338-1453): causes, 9, 92,
11, 157; battles of Ecluse or Sluys
(1340), 9, 93, 11, 160; of Crecy
(1346), 9, 94, 11, 161; of Poitiers
(1356), 9, 98, 11, 164; of Agincourt
(1415), 9, in, 11, 198; Treaties of
Bretigny (1360), 9, 101, II, 166; of
Troyes (1420), 9, 113, II, 200; re-
sults, 11, 207; see also French and
Indian Wars
Hunfrido: see Wifredo
Hung Hsiuts'uan (d. 1862), Chinese
Emperor, founder of T'aiping dyn-
asty: account of, 6, 147; death of,
205
Hungarian Insurrection, a revolt of
the Hungarians under Kossuth
agajnst the tyranny of Austria
(1848-1849), 15, 300
Hungarians, the inhabitants of Hun-
gary: sketch of, 18, 99; incursions
of, 17, 15, 18, 100; make a truce
with Henry I, 18, 106; defeat of, 107;
invade Germany, 112; see also Hun-
gary
Hungary, a country in Central Eu-
rope, called the Granary of Europe,
the Ireland of Austria and the
Realm of St. Stephen: invaded by
Tartars, 14, 4; menaced by Murad,
30; attacked by Bayezid, 37; dev-
astated, 45; at war with Turkey,
147, 151; acquired by Suleiman I,
159; recovered from Turkey, 291;
offers crown to Ferdinand I of Aus-
tria, 17, 3; relics of the stone age
found in, 10; invaded by the Gepidae
and Burgundians, 14; obtains a place
among European states, 46; be-
comes an independent kingdom,
47; annexed to Croatia, 52; at war
with Bohemia, 59; under the House
of Anjou and the elective mon-
archy, 151; divided, 216; freed from
the Turks and reconciled to Aus-
tria, 227; condition of, at beginning
of the Napoleonic period, 279; in
the struggle against the French
Revolution, 286; under Leopold II
and Prancis II, 330; revolution of
1848, 368; during the first years of
the reign of Francis Joseph, 381;
opposes the Austrian constitution,
388; from 1894 to 1896, 439; eco-
nomic progress (1894-1906), 452;
present political status in, 453
Hungary, The Apostle of: see Ste-
phen I, King of Hungary
Hungwu (Chu) (ca. 1365), Emperor
of China: account of, 6, 26, 27;
death of, 29
Huningen, a town of Upper Alsace:
siege of (1815), 13, 527
Hunkers, the conservative wing of
the Democratic party in 1848, 24,
555
Hunniades, John: see Hunyady, John
Hunold (ca. 735 A. D.), Duke of
Aquitaine, 735-745 A. D.: reign of,
9, 40
Huns, a Mongolian race of central
Asia: invade Greece, 2, 529, ad-
vent of, 4, 136, 147, 17, 15, 18, 38;
menace Western civilization, 14,
4; sketch of, 18, 33
Hunt, Henry (1773-1835), an English
statesman: arrest of, 11, 572; his
reform proposals, 583
Hunt, William Henry (1857 ), a
United States judge: in Garfield's
cabinet, 24, 932 note; governor of
Porto Rico, 1041
Hunter, Robert Mercer Taliaferro
(1809-1887), an American states-
man: acts as intermediary for Con-
federacy, 24, 708; in Hampton
Roads Conference, 809
Hunter, William (ca. 1753), American
patriot: deputy postmaster-general
of the colonies, 23, 153
Hunter, Sir William Wilson (1840-
1900), a British publicist: directs the
Statistical Survey of India, 5, 250
Huntly, Gordon, Earl of (d.
1562), a Scottish chief: fall of, 12,
314
Huntly, Gordon, Earl of (ca.
1588): leader of the Catholic party
in Scotland (1592), 12, 327
Hunton, Eppa (b. 1822), a United
340
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
States lawyer: member of the Elec-
toral Commission, 24, 913 note
Hunyady, John (1387-1456), a re-
nowned Hungarian general, called
The Raven Knight: origin of, 14,
38; account of, 60; made regent of
Hungary, 17, 157; in the Hungarian
wars with the Turks, 159; career of,
18, 214; death of, 14, 84
Hunyady, Vladislav (d. 1457), Hun-
garian nobleman: death of, 17, 161
Huron Indians, an Indian tribe of
North America: burial customs, 23,
10
Hurricane, The: see Mirabeau, Ga-
briel Hon ore Riquetti, Count
Hurtado (ca. 1600), a Spanish ad-
miral: his expedition against the
Dutch, 13, 180
Husam ben Dhizar, surnamed Abul-
chatur (ca. 736 A. D.), an Arabian
governor of Spain: subdues rebel-
lion in Spain, 8, 66
Husbandry, Patrons of: see Grangers
Husein: see Hosein
Husein Mirza, Shah of Persia, 1694-
1714: reign of, 5, 347
Hu-shan, Korea: captured by the
Japanese, 7, 267
Huskisson, William (1770-1830), an
English statesman: labor reforms
of, II, 575; resigns from ministry,
584; death of, 590
Huss, John, a Bohemian religious re-
former: born at Husinetz, southern
Bohemia, July 6, 1369; studied di-
vinity and the liberal arts at the
University of Prague; he lectured
there on the doctrines of Wycliffe,
1398; appointed dean of the philo-
sophical faculty, 1401; was rector of
the university, 1402-1403; preached
the doctrines of Wycliffe in the
Bethlehem Chapel at Prague; re-
elected rector of the university, 1409;
denounced the bull of John XXIII,
1412, which decreed a crusade
against Ladislaus, King of Naples,
and together with Jerome of
Prague, condemned the sale of in-
dulgences; was excommunicated;
summoned before the Council of
Constance, 1414; was given a safe-
conduct by the Emperor Sigismund
but was arrested; as he would not
recant, he was burned at Constance,
Baden, July 6, 1415
Career and teaching of, 17, 119,
18, 202
Huss, Nicholas (ca. 1418), a Bohe-
mian divine: becomes a leader of
the populace, 17, 127
Hussein (ca. 1721), Shah of Persia:
asks Peter of Russia for assistance,
15, 78
Hussein Avni (19th century), a Turk-
ish general: account of, 14, 475
Hussein Pasha (1773-1838), last Dey
of Algiers: his campaign against
Russia, 15, 279
Hussite War, The, between Bohemia
and Germany (1420-1436): cause of,
18, 201; battle of Thauss (1431),
peace treaty, 18, 210; result, 211
Hutchinson, Anne (1590-1643), reli-
gious enthusiast: a sketch of, 23,
89; in Rhode Island Colony, 94;
adherents in New Hampshire, 95
Hutchinson, John Hely (1715-1794), an
Irish statesman: supports free trade
movement, 12, 183
Hutchinson, Thomas (1711-1780), royal
governor of Massachusetts: his
house sacked by mob, 23, 211;
removes soldiers from Boston, 217;
prominent Tory, 294
Hutin (Headstrong): see Louis X,
King of France
Hutten, Ulric von (1488-1523), a Ger-
man poet and humanist: befriends
Luther, 18, 239
Huy, Belgium: siege of (1694), 13,
245
Hvitsek (ca. 750 A. D.), King of
Jutland: legend of, 16, 20
Hwan Bunko (ca. 1256), a Chinese
general: his campaign in Japan, 7,
75
Hwangchukki, China: murder of
Englishmen at, 6, 147
Hwang-hai: see Yellow Sea
Hwangho River: see Yellow River
Hwangti, Emperor of China, ca. 2332
B. C. : reign of, 6, 5
Hwiccan, a division of the Saxons in
England: separate from the West
GENERAL INDEX
841
Saxons, II, 25; defeated by Penda,
34
Hyde (ca. 1641), an English politi-
cian: leader of religious toleration
party, II, 341
Hyde, Anne (1637-1671), daughter of
Lord Clarendon: marries James II
of England, II, 399
Hyde, Edward, 1st Earl of Clarendon
(1608-1674), an English historian
and chancellor: Lord Chancellor,
11, 380; disgraced, 390; made lord
lieutenant of Ireland, 12, 131
Hyde, Edward, Viscount of Cornbury
(afterward Earl of Clarendon)
(1661-1723), English colonial officer:
governor of New York, 23, 107
Hyde, Lawrence, Earl of Rochester
(1641-1711), English statesman:
supports Charles II, 11, 415; dis-
missed from office, 425; leader of
the High Tories, 455
Hyder Ali Khan (1718-1782), Hindoo
prince: at war with the English, 9,
256, 11, 527, 20, 120
Hyele: see Velia
Hyksos, Kings of Egypt, ca. 2200-155
B. C. : invade Egypt, 1, 20
Hylacomylus: see Waldseemuller
Hyndford, John Carmichael, Earl of
(1701-1767), a Scottish diplomatist:
negotiations of, 15, 141
Hyperbolus (d. 411 B. C.)> Athenian
demagogue: death of, 2, 357
Hyperboreans (Outside Northwind-
ers), a fabled race living in the far
north, separated from the rest of
the world: fable of, 16, 3
Hyperides (ca. 396-323 B. C), Athe-
nian orator: death of, 2, 512, 513
Hypsaeus, Lucius (ca. 133 B. C), Ro-
man pretor: slaves defeat, 3, 173
Hyrcanus, John (d. 103 B. C), high
priest of Jerusalem: reign of, 1, 407
Hyrcanus II (d. 30 B. C), prince of
Judaea: in civil war, 3, 274
Ibarra (19th century), governor of
Santiago del Estero: cruelty of, 21,
125
Ibarra, Francisco (ca. 1550), a Span-
ish explorer: explorations of, 22,
117
Ibbetson, Sir Denzil Charles Jelf (b.
1847), an English statesman in In-
dia: policy of, 5, 282
Ibernia: see Ireland
Ibernians, ancient race in Spain and
Portugal: earliest inhabitants of
Spanish peninsula, 8, 3; divisions of,
10; invade England, II, 4
Iberville, Pierre Lemoyne, Sieur d'
(1661-1706), a French explorer: at-
tempts to make a French settlement
in America, 20, 85
Iberville River, Louisiana: Spanish
boundary, 23, 400
Ibn-Batuta: see Batootah
Ibrahim (ca. 744 A. D.), a caliph of
the Omeyyad dynasty: claims the
throne of the caliphs, I, 340
Ibrahim I (d. 1648), Sultan of Turkey,
1640-1648: preserved from death, 14,
224; accession of, 225; deposed, 227;
put to death, 228
Ibrahim (d. 1535), Grand Vizier of
Turkey, 1523-153S: sent to Egypt,
14, 150; account of, 166; wealth of,
confiscated, 184
Ibrahim, Grand Vizier of Turkey,
1718-1730: account of, 14, 292
Ibrahim Abu Ishac ben Taxfin (ca.
1 145), a ruler of Morocco: reign of,
8, 97
Ibrahim ben Yussef (ca. 1130), a Mo-
roccan general: sent against Mo-
hammed ben Abdalla, 8, 94
Ibrahim of Aleppo (d. 1549), Ottoman
jurist: compiles Ottoman code, 14,
187
Ibrahim Pasha (1780-1848), Viceroy
of Egypt: his campafgns in Syria,
38; reign of, 1, 38; revolt of, 9,
403; son of Mohammed AH, 14, 409;
his campaign against the Greeks,
417; aids Mohammed Ali in rebel-
lion, 433; in the Greek war, 15, 275;
his campaign against Turkey, 289
Ibrahim the Devil (Kara Djehennin)
(ca. 1826), a Turkish general: com-
mands artillery against the Janis-
saries, 14, 419
lea, Peru: insurrection in (1865), 21,
207
Iceland, an island in the North At-
lantic Ocean: settlement of, 16, 44,
299; brought under the control of
Norway, 99; receives a constitution,
291; visited by the Irish Culdees,
298; visited by Columbus, 23, 26
Iceni, State of, an ancient division of
Roman Britain: formed, 11, 6
Ichijo, Emperor of Japan, 987-1012 A.
D.: reign of, 7, 43
Ichinotani, Japan: battle of (ca. 1183),
7, 62
Ichnae, Arabia: battle of (54 B. C),
3, 323
Icilian Law, a Roman law of 492 B.
C, granting the people the right to
hold assemblies: passed, 3, 41
Iconium, Turkey: taken by crusaders,
18, 155; battle of (1387), 14, 3i
Iconoclasts, The, opponents of image
worship: supported by Leo the
Isaurian, 2, 534; sketch of, 13, 94
Ictinus (ca. 450 B. C), a Greek archi-
tect: designs the Parthenon, 2, 255
Ida (d. 559 A. D.), King of Bernicia,
547-559 A. D.: 11, 25
Idaho, one of the Western States of
the United States: admitted to the
Union, 24, 986; Presidential election
of 1892, 993; Presidential election of
1900, 1040
342
GENERAL INDEX
343
Idatius (ca. 4th century A. D.),
Spanish courtier: persecutes Pricil-
lianists, 8, 31
Idrieus, King of Karia, ca. 350 B. C,
reduces Cyprus, I, 168
Idris (ca. 1512), Turkish historian:
favored by Selim I, 14, 119
Iermak: see Yermak
Ierne: see Ireland
Iglesias, Jose (19th century), a Mexi-
can statesman: claims presidency of
Mexico, 22, 407
Iglesias, Miguel (b. 1822), South
American statesman: made presi-
dent of Peru, 21, 242
Ignacio Elizondo (ca. 1810), a Mexi-
can statesman: treachery of, 22, 240
Ignatiev (d. 1721), Russian nobleman:
death of, 15, 76
Ignatiev Rikolai Pavlovitch (b. 1832),
a Russian diplomat; influence of,
14, 474; his negotiations with the
Porte, 17, 419
Ignatius, Saint (d. ca. no A. D.),
bishop of Antioch: martyrdom of,
4, 91
Iguala, Plan of, a plan of government
formulated by the Mexican soldier,
Iturbide (1821), 22, 252
Iguazu, Falls of, in central South
America: description of, 21, 314
Ii Naosuke (Kamon-no-Kami) (d.
i860): a Japanese statesman: made
tairo, 7, 158; assassination of, 161
Ilbert, Sir Courtenay Peregrine (1841
), British official in India:
sketch of, 5> 262
Ilbert Act, an act for the promotion
of self-government in India (1884),
5, 261
Iliad, The, a famous Greek epic poem
written by Homer: description of,
2, 29
Ilipu (Elepoo) (19th century), Chinese
official: commissioned to provide for
the defense of Hangchow (1842), 6,
139
Ilium (Troy), Asia: Alexander at, 2,
488
Illam, King of Leinster (5th century
A. D.): conversion of, 12, 30
Illinois, one of the United States,
means " a tribe of men " or " Man-
ly " and is called the Prairie State
and the Sucker State: Connecticut
gives up claim to, 23, 317; admitted,
442; free state, 452; impetus to de-
velopment, 480; not represented in
several Democratic national con-
ventions, 509; abolition riot at Al-
ton, 24, 575; immigration of free
negroes forbidden, 588; election of
1854, 645; of 1856, 656; of 1892, 992;
Lincoln-Douglas debates, 664; legis-
lature opposes national government
(1862), 818; Chicago fire (1872),
902; Blaine's campaign speeches
(1884), 947; Mormons enter, 982
Illinois Indians, a tribe of American
Indians: belong to Algonquian
stock, 23, 8
Illumines, The, secret society in
France: Ku-Klux-Klan compared
to, 24, 871
Illyricans, ancient tribe on shores of
Adriatic: sketch of, 17, n
Illyrism, the attempt to unite the vari-
ous Illyrian peoples: rise of, 17, 343
Iloilo, Philippine Islands: occupied by
Americans (1899), 20, 317
Ilubidi (Ya'ubidi) of Hamath (8th
century B. C.) : revolts against As-
syria, 1, 84
Ilyin (ca. 1770), Russian naval com-
mander: at the battle of Tchesme,
15, 179
Imad Shahi Dynasty, one of the in-
dependent Mohammedan king-
doms: founded (1484), 5, 106
Imagawa Yoshimoto (ca. 1650), Japa-
nese chieftain: invades Owari, 7,
no
Imbercourt (d. 1477), Burgundian no-
ble: death of, 13, 48
Imgrund, Heinrich (d. 1478), gov-
ernor of Entlebuch, Switzerland:
sketch of, 13, 411
Immeroad, Denmark: battle of (1421),
16, 126
Immigration and Naturalization, Fed-
eral Bureau of, in the United
States: created, 24, 1083
Impeachment, the exhibition of
charges of maladministration
344>
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
against a high public officer before
a competent tribunal: first use of
the right, II, 172
" Impending Crisis," book published
in i860 in United States: indigna-
tion caused by, in South, 24, 677
Imperial British East Africa Com-
pany: see British East Africa Com-
pany, Imperial
Imperial University, China: reorgan-
ized, 6, 291
Imperialism, in United States history,
the name given by the Democratic
party to the policy of the Republi-
can- government in regard to status
of Porto Rico and the Philippines:
in the Presidential campaign of
1904, 24, 1068, 1070
Impey, Sir Elijah (1732-1809), noted
English jurist: chief-justice of In-
dia, 5, 190
Implied Powers, Doctrine of, in United
States: authority for, 23, 331; ad-
vocated by Hamilton, 351
Impressment of American Seamen:
practiced by England, 23, 361, 408;
ignored in treaty of Ghent, 429
Inaros (Inarus) (d. 455 B. C), King
of Libya: leader in Egyptian re-
volt, 1, 32, 2, 246
Inayatulla Khan, son of the emir of
the Punjab: visits Calcutta (1905),
5, 295
Incas, the reigning order in Peru
(13th to 16th century) : description
of, 20, 45; civilization of, 23, 7; de-
stroy the records of their civiliza-
tion, 21, 21
Inchiquin, Morrogh O'Brien, Baron
(1618-1674), Irish soldier: at battle
of Knocknanuss, 12, 122
Incorruptible, The: see Robespierre,
Maximilien Marie Isidore
Indemnity, Acts of, acts passed by
English Parliament: (1662), 12, 345;
(1747), 369
Indented Servants: see Servants, In-
dented
Independence: see Liberty
Independence, Declaration of: see
Declaration of Independence
Independence Bay, Greenland: discov-
ered, 16, 296, 320
Independence Hall, Philadelphia: con-
stitutional convention meets at, 23,
323; Lincoln's body rests in, 827
Independent Party or Mugwumps, po-
litical party in United States: sup-
port Cleveland (1884), 24, 946
Independents, The, English political
party: rise of, 1 1, 349
India, southern Asia: expedition of
Darius to, 2, 131, 6, 13; Alexander
in, 2, 501; Turkish conquests in, 14,
164; Denmark sends missionaries to,
16, 237; Europe's trade with, 20, 11;
Portuguese in, 39; work of the Jesu-
its in, 97; British conquest of, 144
India, History of: the country, 5, 3;
the people, 20; the non-Aryans, 25;
the Aryans, 36; Buddhism, 56; the
Greeks in India, 67; the Scythic in-
roads, 72; growth of Hinduism, 75;
early Mohammedan conquerors, 88;
the Mogul dynasty, 109; the Ma-
rathas, 130; early European settle-
ments, 138; growth of British pow-
er, 178; the consolidation of British
India, 204; the Sepoy Mutiny, 232;
under the British crown, 242
India Company, Dutch: see East India
Company, Dutch
Indian Affairs, Bureau of, United
States: scandals in, 24, 895
Indian Civil Service Act, a law regu-
lating the civil service in British In-
dia: passed (1861), 5, 241
Indian Councils Acts, acts relating to
the governor-general of India's
council, (1861): 5, 240; (1892), 271
Indian High Courts Act, an act relat-
ing to the establishment of law
courts in India: passed (1861), 5,
241
Indian Mutiny: see Sepoy Mutiny
Indian National Congress, a congress
designed to enlarge the usefulness
of the natives of India in legislative
work; first meeting of, 5, 260; sketch
of, 270, 293
Indian Ocean: Ptolemy's theory of,
23, 23
Indian Springs, Treaty of, a treaty
between the Creek Indians and the
United States: concluded, 23, 470;
annulled, 470
GENERAL INDEX
345
Indian Territory, a former territory in
the western part of the United
States: created, 23, 488; Seminoles
resist removal to, 507; receives
Seminoles, 515; Oklahoma separated
from, 24, 985; refu'sed admission as
State, 1054; joined to Oklahoma,
1083
Indiana, one of the United States,
called the Hoosier State: Con-
necticut gives up claim to, 23,
317; protests against Louisiana,
399; admitted, 442; free state, 452;
impetus to development, 480; elec-
tion of 1854, 24, 645; Presidential
campaign of 1856, 655; boyhood
home of Lincoln, 665; condemns
Buchanan's Kansas policy, 670; leg-
islation opposes national govern-
ment (1862), 818; question of negro
suffrage, 858; Presidential election
of 1868, 861; Presidential election of
1876, 910; Presidential election of
1880, 931; Blaine's campaign
speeches (1884), 947; Presidential
election of 1884, 947; Presidential
election of 1888, 966, 967; Presiden-
tial election of 1892, 992
Indianapolis, capital of Indiana: Lin-
coln makes speech at, 24, 706; popu-
lar respect to Lincoln's remains,
827
Indians, the original inhabitants of
North America: theories as to the
origin of, 23, 3; physical character-
istics, 9; religious instincts and be-
liefs, 9; burial customs, 10; habita-
tions, 10; dress, 11; food and pur-
suits, n ; languages and literature,
12; social and political organization,
12.; status of the women, 13; indus-
trial activity, 14; slavery among, 14;
war-customs, 15; games and recrea-
tions, 16; personal characteristics,
i7 97, 174; population, 17; named
by Columbus, 31; treatment of, by
colonists, 20, 17; introduction of
Christianity, 23, 44; unfitted for
hard labor, 44; Catholicism intro-
duced by French, 51; friendly with
early Virginians, 65; laws for pro-
tection in Pennsylvania, ill; influ-
ence of French over, 174; trouble
with, in Northwest, 365, 416; land
claims in Georgia, 469
Indians, The Apostle of the: see Eliot,
John
Indies, Council of the: organized, 22,
98; governs Spanish-American col-
onies, 23, 43
Indies, The Paradise of the: see Cey-
lon
Indigo Industry: in South Carolina,
23, 137
Indo-China, southeastern Asia: French
rule in, 20, 272
Indolent Dick: see Cromwell, Richard
Induff (10th century), King of Scot-
land; wins Edinburgh for Scotland,
12, 256
Indulgences, remission of the tem-
poral punishment of sins: descrip-
tion of, 18, 235
Indus, river of India: description of,
5, 8
Indutiomarus (d. 54 B. C), Chief of the
Treviri: at war with Rome, 9, 9
Ine (d. 729 A. D.), King of Wessex,
688-726 A. D.: goes on a pilgrimage
to Rome, II, 39
Ifies de Castro, Dona (d. 1355), fa-
vorite of Pedro of Spain: sketch of,
8, 286
Infernal Legion, The, a band of South
American patriots: description of,
21, 62
Infidelity, The Apostle of: see Vol-
taire
Ingago, Africa: battle of (1880), 20,
230
Ingavi, Bolivia: battle of (1841), 21,
187
Inge Baardsen, King of Norway,
1205-1207: reign of, 16, 98
Ingeborg (1 176-1236), Queen of
France: Philip's repudiation of, 16,
84
Ingeborg (14th century), Queen of
Sweden: dowry of, 16, 100
Ingeborg (14th century), Countess of
Mecklenburg: marriage of, 16, 118
Ingegerd (10th century), daughter of
Olaf Skat-konung: marriage of, 16,
59
346
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Ingelram von Coucy, Baron (ca.
I375)> Austrian noble: invades Swit-
zerland, 13, 378
Ingermannland, Russia: acquired by
Sweden, 15, 21; passes to Russia, 65,
68
Ingersoll, Jared (19th century),
American politician: defeated for
Vice-President, 23, 434
Ingersoll, Robert Green (1833-1899),
American politician and lawyer:
nominates Blaine for President
(1876), 23, 906
Ingiomar (1st century A. D.), uncle
of Hermann, chief of the Cherusci:
joins Marbod, 18, 21
Ingjald Illraada (ca. 623 A. D.), King
of Sweden: legend of, 16, 36
Ingoldstadt, Bavaria: resists Gustavus
Adolphus, 18, 282
Ingolf (ca. 874 A. D.), Norwegian
refugee: settles in Iceland, 16, 44
Ingraham, Duncan Nathaniel (1862-
1891), American naval officer: de-
mands Koszta's release, 24, 640
Ingria: see Ingermanland
Ingunda (6th century A. D.), Frank-
ish princess; marries Ermenigeld, 8,
4i
Inkerman, Russia: battle of (1854),
called the Battle of the British Sol-
dier and the Battle of the Fifth of
November, 9, 447, 11, 616, 15, 316
Inn, tributary of the Danube: battle
of the (913 A. D.), 18, 104
Innocent I (d. 417 A. D.), Pope, 402-
417 A. D.: refuses to sanction an-
cient rites, 4, 140
Innocent II (d. 1143), Pope, 1130-
1143: confers upon Roger Guiscard
title of King of Sicily, 4, 186; pon-
tificate of, 18, 143
Innocent III (Giovanni Lothario
Conti), Pope 1198-1216: born at
Anagni, Italy, 1161; was educated at
Rome, Paris, and Bologna; became
a canon of St. Peter's, 1181, and car-
dinal deacon of St. Sergius and St.
Bacchus, 1 190; was made Pope, 1198;
compelled Philip Augustus of
France to restore his wife to her
position by putting the country un-
der an interdict; instigated the
fourth crusade; excommunicated
and dethroned Otho, Emperor of
Germany, and gave the throne to
Frederick of Sicily; put England
under an interdict because King
John insisted upon his right to ap-
point the Archbishop of Canterbury,
1207; this lasted two years, and then
the pope deposed John, ordering
Philip Augustus to carry out the
decree; upon this event, John sub-
mitted and signed a treaty, by
which England and Ireland became
fiefs of Rome, and an annual tribute
was paid to the Pope; he inaugu-
rated a crusade against the Al-
bigenses for heresy; died at Peru-
gia, Italy, July 16, 1216
Pontificate of, 4, 197; forms the
Tuscan union, 204; demands sepa-
ration of Alfonso IX of Leon and
Berengaria of Castile, 8, 148; op-
poses the choice of an archbishop
of Canterbury by King John, 11,
123; excommunicates John of Eng-
land, 9, 76, 11, 124; supports John's
opposition to the Barons, II, 128;
excommunicates Louis VIII of
France, 129; intervenes between
Knud and Philip, 16, 84; confirms
the royal title to the princes of
Bohemia, 17, 68; policy of, 18, 158;
death of, 160
Innocent IV (d. 1254), Pope, 1243-1254:
his contention with Frederick II,
4, 205; deprives Sancho II of Por-
tugal of his royal powers, 8, 280;
accession and character of, n, 135;
offers crown of Naples and Sicily
to Prince Edmund of England, 136;
excommunicates Frederick II of
Germany, 13, 359; pontificate of, 18,
166
Innocent VI (d. 1362), Pope, 1352-
1362: sends Rienzi to Rome, 18, 193
Innocent VIII (1432-1492), Pope,
1484-1492: receives Prince Djem,
14, in
Innocent X (1572-1655), Pope, 1644-
1655: condemns the Treaty of West-
phalia, 18, 294
Innocent XI (1611-1689), Pope, 1676-
1689: his struggle with Louis XIV
GENERAL INDEX
347
of France, 9, 213; receives Shere-
metiev, 15, 36; supports John So-
bieski against the Turks, 17, 184
Innocent XIII (1655-1724), Pope,
1721-1724: makes Dubois a cardinal,
9, 233
Inns, public houses: use of, in Eng-
land, 11, 178
Innsbruck, Austria: taken by Hofer
(1809), 17, 297, 18, 375
Inouye Kaoru (19th century), Japa-
nese minister of foreign affairs: at-
tempts to negotiate treaties with
European countries, 7, 190; vice-
ambassador to Korea, 194; ambas-
sador to Korea, 196
Inquisition, system of ecclesiastical
tribunals for cases of heresy: in
Germany, 18, 158, 163; in Nether-
lands, 13, 59, 83; in Mexico, 22, 129;
in Portugal, 8, 439; in Spain, 8, 271,
488, 13, 83 note
Inscriptions:
ARABIA: cuneiform annals of 8th
and 7th centuries B. C, 1, 184; of a
religious character, 185; giving
names of kings, 186
ASSYRIA: historical records, I, 69,
71; early ruler (1820 B. C), 78; on
bricks and metals, 106
BABYLONIA: accurate table of
dynasties, 1, 72
CRETE: unintelligible to modern
scholars, 2, 22
EGYPT: of Thothmes I (1600 B.
C.) *> 8; giving dates of dynasties,
11, 13, 14, 17; letters in the Baby-
lonian language, 24; Thebes has
only Egyptian reference to the Is-
raelites, 27; in the temple of Aby-
dos, the names of the family of
Ramses II, 27; the Rosetta stone, 1,
56; the government system of
Canaan, 379
GREECE: on Etruscan helmet, 2,
219; Athenian memorial pillar, 243
INDIA: Buddhism propagated, 5,
61
JAPAN: in Chinese style, 7, 14
LYDIA: showing an inflectional
language, 1, 141; Hittite circular
plate, 151
MEXICO: Aztec Calendar stone,
22, 95
PERSIA: showing Zoroastrian re-
ligion in the t^me of Darius, 1, 170;
on the tomb of Cyrus, 179; of Ar-
taxerxes, 5, 315
PHOENICIA: relating only to re-
ligious and mortuary affairs, 1, 135
SCANDINAVIA: runic inscrip-
tions, 16, 7, 9
SPAIN: traces of the Phoenicians,
8, 12
SWITZERLAND: an official Chris-
tian inscription found at Valais, 13,
334
Insurance, Law of, a compulsory
workingmen's insurance in Switzer-
land: passed (1899), 13, 573
Insurrection Act, a law passed by the
Irish Parliament (1796), 12, 207
Insurrection of the 10th of August,
a revolt of the French populace
against the government (1792), 10,
190
Insurrections, Popular:
B. C.
! 33> I2 S- The aristocrats of Rome
oppose the Gracchan reforms, 3,
176, 179
104. The slaves revolt throughout
Italy, 3, 186
91-87. Italians rise against Rome,
3, 205
72. Of the slaves in Rome, 3, 262
63-62. Political conspiracy plotted
by Catilina, 3, 282
53. Gauls under Vercingetorix, 3,
327
52. The Roman populace at the
murder of Clodius, 3, 320
48. In Alexandria, 3, 354
A. D.
760. Against the Mohammedan
rule in Spain, 8, 69
1038. Of Hungarian peasants, 17,
50
1 125. Of Scotland, 12, 262
1 173. Uprising against Henry II of
England, 11, 108
1335- Uprising in Ghent, 13, 33
1347. Uprising of Rome under
Rienzi, 4, 222
348
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Insurrections, cont.
1360. The Jacquerie in France, 9,
101, 11, 165
1381. Peasant revolt in England,
11, 174
1382. In Paris, 9, 105
1382. In Hungary and Croatia, 17,
155
1418. Paris rises against the Ar-
magnacs, 11, 199
1440. Agrarian uprising in Den-
mark, 16, 130
1450. Jack Cade's Rebellion, 11,
210
1489. Swiss peasants, 13, 415
1505. Hungarian peasants, 17, 168
1515. Austrian peasants, 17, 173
1521. Portugal against the Jews,
8, 336
1525. German peasants, 13, 437
1536. In England against Henry
VIII and his despoiling of the
monasteries, 11, 257
1549. Uprising in England against
ecclesiastical reforms, 11, 266
1554. Revolt against Henry II of
France, 9, 145
1554. To place Elizabeth on the
throne of England, 11, 270
1566. In Netherlands against Span-
ish rule, 13, 77, 102
1576. At Antwerp, 13, 122
1583. In Ireland against English
authority, II, 303
1588. In Paris against the Swiss
troops, 9, 162
1612. Indians in Mexico, 22, 152
1637. Riot in Edinburgh, 12, 336
1641. Against the taxes in Berne,
13, 469
1661. Independents against Charles
II, 11, 382
1666. Scottish peasants, 12, 347
1700. Madrid, in consequence of
scarcity of bread, 8, 385
1703. In Constantinople, 14, 273
1710. Political uprising of Per-
nambuco, 20, 106
1716. Popular disturbances in Brit-
tany, 9, 230
1730. Riots in Canton following
earthquake and flood, 6, 82
1734. Servian and Hungarian peas-
ants, 17, 236
1773- Pugatchev's rebellion in Rus-
sia, 15, 166, 168
1778. Riots in Edinburgh and Glas-
gow, 12, 370
1780. Riots in London, 11, 520
1788. In the Netherlands, 13, 261
1789. In Paris, 9, 263, 10, 57, 60,
66, 68, 93, 97
1791. In Paris, 10, 142, 157
1792. In Paris, 10, 180, 189
1793. In the departments of
France, 10, 249, 260, 268, 274
1795- Outburst in Paris, 9, 292, 10,
336
1795. Insurrection of the Vendeans,
10, 350
1795. Riots in Dublin, 12, 205
l 79S- The Whiskey Rebellion, 23,
366
1797. Of English sailors, 11, 548
1798. Of Ireland, 12, 209
1804. Riot in Dublin, 12, 217
1809. In Spain, against France, 9,
337
1809. Of Tyrolian peasants, 17,
296
1816. Riots of the poor in England,
, 570
1821. In Crete, against Turkish
rule, 14, 466
1825. In Russia, 15, 272
1830. In Paris, 9, 390
1830. In Italy, 9, 397
1830. Of Belgians against Dutch
rule, 13, 296
1830. In Poland, 15, 293
1831. Of Italians against Austrian
power, 17, 327
1834. In France, 9, 405
1839. Riot at Birmingham, Eng-
land, 11, 600
1839. India, against British rule,
11, 618
1846. Galician peasants, 15, 299,
300
1846. Polish uprising against Aus-
trians, 17, 347
1848. Of Ireland, 12, 230
1848. Uprisings in Stockholm, 16,
277
GENERAL INDEX
349
1851. In Paris, 9, 441
1854. Madrid, as a result of Carlist
intrigues, 8, 504
1861. Riot in Baltimore, 24, 715
1863. In Poland, 15, 324, 326, 329,
17, 389
1868. In Japan in opposition to the
social revolution, 7, 177
1870. In Paris, 9, 469
1875. Slavs against Turkish rule,
17, 419
1877. Railroad riots in Pittsburg,
24, 918
1877. Labor riots in Pennsylvania,
24, 919
1877. Riot against Chinese in Los
Angeles, 24, 920
1886. Anarchist riots in Chicago,
24, 961
1889. Of Christians in Crete, 14,
502
1891. Chinese mobs attack mission-
aries, 6, 262
1894. Strike riots in Chicago, 24,
1002
1899. Boxer rebellion in China, 6,
280, 24, 1047
1902. Coal strikes in Pennsylvania,
24, 1051
1903. In Bulgaria, 14, 507
1905. In St. Petersburg, 15, 365
Intercolonial Railway, a railway of
Canada: built, 20, 176
Intercursus Magnus, a treaty between
Henry VII of England and Arch-
duke Philip of the Netherlands
(1496), 11, 228
Interdict, The, a Papal interdict pro-
hibiting all priestly offices: descrip-
tion of, 11, 123, 18, 188
Interior, Department of the, one of
the departments of the United
States government: scandals of, 24,
895
International African Association, an
international commission for the
purpose of exploration in central
Africa: founded, 19, 62
International Conference, Third, a
conference of American Republics
at Rio de Janeiro (July 23, 1906) :
programme of, 21, 277; account of,
280
International Cotton Exposition: held
at Atlanta (1881), 24, 940
International Financial Commission,
established at Athens to control the
financial affairs of Greece: estab-
lished by the powers, 2, 548
International Geographical Congress:
a congress which met in Hamburg
in 1879 for the discussion of polar
questions, 16, 318
International Peace Conference, a
conference of the states of the civi-
lized world in the interests of inter-
national peace (1809): 13, 318
International Railway Bureau, an or-
ganization of ten states of Central
Europe to deal with freight traffic:
established, 13, 591
Interstate Commerce Commission in
the United States, a committee of
five to examine into interstate rail-
way commerce: provided for, 24,
957; in Democratic platform (1904),
1065; in relation to railroads, 1075
Interstate Commerce Law, designed
to bring railways of the United
States under Federal supervision:
enacted, 24, 917, 956; amendment
to, 1050
Intolerable Acts, acts passed by the
British Parliament against the
American colonies (1773-1774), 23,
220
Intolerance: in religious worship of
New England, 23, 147; in the south-
ern colonies, 149
Invasions, Barbarian:
B. C.
18th century. Egypt by the Hyksos,
1, 21
1750. Babylonia by the Cassites,
I, 77
nth century. Central Greece, by the
Dorians, 2, 46
nth century. Of northern Greece,
by the Thessalians, 2, 46
1000. Spain, by the Celts, 8, 3
ca. 600. Latium by the Etruscans,
3, 23
480. Greece, by the Persians, 2,
182
ca. 425. Northern Italy overrun by
the Celts, 3, 58
350
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Invasions, cont.
278. Macedonia by the Celts, 3,
137, 9, 5
236. Northern Italy by the Teu-
tons, 3, 193, 9, 5
2nd century. Scandinavia by the
Goths, 16, 6
113. Italy by the Cimbrians and
Teutons, 18, 4
100. India by the Scythians, 5, 72
79. Gaul by the Germans, 3, 301
A. D.
2nd century. Middle Europe by the
Goths, 17, 14
272. Italy by the Alemanni, 4, 107
360. Greece by the Goths, 2, 529
376. Germany by the Huns, 2, 529,
17, 16
378. The Roman Empire by the
Goths, 4, 133
396. Italy by the Visigoths, 4, 138
406. Italy by the Vandals, 4, 138
412. Spain by the Visigoths, 18,
37
450. Britain by the Jutes, II, 17
450. Britain by the Saxons, II, 18,
18, 39
451. Gaul by the Huns, 2, 530, 4,
148, 18, 40
452. Italy by the Huns, 2, 530, 4,
148
455. Italy by the Vandals, 4, 149,
18, 38, 43
493. Italy by the Ostrogoths, 4,
157, 17, 16
ca. 500. Spain by the Vandals and
other barbarians, 8, 35
550. Germany by the Avars, 18, 61
568. Italy by the Lombards, 4, 163,
18, Si
6th century. Italy by the Goths,
18, 50
7th century. Egypt by the Arabs, I,
6
752. France by the Saxons, 18, 76
9th century. Britain by the Danes,
2, 535,11, 42
900. China by the Tartars, 6, 16
935. Germany by the Hungarians,
9, 55
121 1. China by the Mongolians, 6,
17
1230. Moravia by the Mongols, 17,
70
1250. Europe by the Turks, 14, 5,
10
1280. Japan by the Mongolians, 7,
74
13th century. Russia by the Tar-
tars, 14, 4
1526. India by the Moguls, 5, 109
Inventions:
Alembic, 1, 349
Astronomical instruments by Tycho
in Denmark, 16, 198
Automobile, in France, 9, 490
Bronze, by the Phoenicians, 1, 135
Cannon, 4, 255
Carillon, 13, 63
Chronometer, by John Harrison in
England, 20, 123
Coined money (ca. 1500 B. C),
credited to Lydia, 1, 153; in
China, by Hwangti, 6, 5
Cymbals and tamborines, 1, 149
Daguerreotype, 24, 1097
Dynamite, 24, 1097
Electric light, 24, 1099
Electric railway, 24, 1099
Fire-ships, 13, 148
Gatling gun, 24, 1099
Glass, I, 133
Greek fire, 1, 333
Guns, 4, 256
Lace (ca. 1500), in the Netherlands.
13, 63
Locomotive, 11, 590
Mobile field artillery, 9, 490
Painting in oil, 13, 63
Painting on glass, 13, 63
Phonograph, 24, 1099
Platform scales, 24, 1097
Polishing diamonds, 13, 63
Porcelain, 1, 51
Printing, 11, 232, 18, 178, 220
Revolver, 24, 1097
Sewing-machine, 24, 1097
Shuttle, 11, 533
Spinning-jenny, 11, 533
Steam-boat, 11, 589, 590, 23, 401
Steam-engine, 11, 534
Submarine boat, 9, 490
Suspension bridge, 6, 12
Tapestry, 13, 63
GENERAL INDEX
351
Telegraph, 24, 1097
Telephone, 24, 1099
Telescope, 4, 321
Typewriter, 24, 1099
Inverary, Scotland: battle of (1314),
12, 278
Investiture, The Right of, the power to
confer the dignities and possessions
of ecclesiastical offices on vassals
claimed by the Popes and by the
temporal rulers of the Middle Ages:
Gregory VII promulgates a law
against simony (1075), 18, 134; the
War of Investitures, 9, 69, 16, 74,
18, 136; quarrel between Henry I
of England and Anselm, 11, 89; the
Concordat of Worms (1122), 18,
141
Invincible, The: see Medici, Cosmo
de'; also Suvarov, Count Alexander
Invincible Armada, The: see Armada,
The Invincible
Invisible Commander, The: see Rag-
lan, Fitzroy James Henry, Baron
Iolanthe (ca. 1226), daughter of Guy
of Lusignan: wife of Frederick II
of Germany, 18, 161
Ion, mythical ancestor of the Ionians:
legend of, 2, 24; significance of
legends concerning, 26
Ionia, Asia Minor: conquered by Per-
sia, 2, 125; revolt of, 134; freed by
the Athenians, 212; submits to
Alexander, 489
Ionian Islands, a group of islands be-
longing to Ionia: returned to
Greece, 2, 546; guardianship of, 14,
384
Ionians, the inhabitants of Ionia: in
relation to Pelasgians, 2, 23; colo-
nize Asia Minor, 31, 54; expelled by
Achaians, 48
Ionic Revolt, The, revolt of the
Ionians against Persia (501 B. C),
1, 166
Iowa, one of the Northwestern States
of the United States: affected by
Missouri Compromise, 23, 456; elec-
tion of 1854, 24, 645; condemns Bu-
chanan's Kansas policy, 670
Iphicrates (early 4th century B.
C.) an Athenian general: at Cor-
inth, 2, 402; relieves Corcyra, 431;
in Peloponnesus, 442; in the Social
war, 454
Ipsilanti, Alexander: see Ypsilanti,
Alexander
Ipsilanti, Constantine (d. 1816),
Greek statesman: deposed as hospo-
dar, 14, 396
Ipswich, England: Wolsey founds col-
lege at, 11, 244
Iquique, Chili: taken by the Congres-
sionalists (1891), 21, 239; block-
aded, 235
Irala, Domingo Martinez de (1487-
I 5S7) a Spanish soldier: explores
the Parana, 21, 25; his government
of the La Plata provinces, 42
Ireland (Hibernia, Ibernia, Ivernia or
Ierne), called the Isle of Saints:
invasion of Henry II of England,
11, 107; conditions in, under Mary
and Elizabeth, 290; conquest of, by
Elizabeth, 304; union with Great
Britain (1800), 545
Ireland, Duke of: see Oxford, Robert
de Vere, Earl of
Ireland, History of: the country in
olden times, 12, 3; literature, arts,
and buildings, 6; daily life and re-
ligion, 12; the legends, 23; St. Pat-
rick, 27; progress of religion and
learning, 31; the Irish kings, 38; the
Anglo-Normans, 46; Anglo-Irish
lords, 52; Bruce's invasion and in-
ternal strife, 59; decline of English
rule, 67; accession of Henry VII
Poyning's Law, 72; the Geral-
dines, 76; renewal of strife, 82; two
rebellions, 87; the rebellion of Hugh
O'Neill, 94; the flight of the earls
and the death of O'Neill, 100; con-
fiscation of land, 108; the Rebellion
of 1641, 114; from Kilkenny to Ben-
burb, 118; the Commonwealth, 124;
Ireland after the Restoration, 129;
the siege of Derry, 134; the battle
of the Boyne, 141; the siege of Lim-
erick,- 144; Athlone and Aughrim,
150; second siege and Treaty of
Limerick, 153; the Penal Laws, 157;
trade repression, 165; parliamentary
struggle, 169; discontent and dan-
ger, 174; the Volunteers, 180; legis-
lative independence, 185; Grat-
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
tan's parliament, 190; revival of se-
cret societies, 195; Catholic eman-
cipation (1792-1795), 199; riot and
Tone's invasion, 205; the Rebellion
of 1798, 209; the Union, 215; Cath-
olic emancipation (1803-1829), 219;
aftermath of emancipation, 224; the
Young Ireland movement, 228;
Home Rule, 234
Ireland of Austria, The: see Hun-
gary
Irenaeus, Saint (2nd century A.
D.), Bishop of Lyons: builds up the
church at Lyons, 9, 12
Irene (752-803 A. D.), Byzantine Em-
press: concludes a peace with the
Saracens, 1, 350
Ireton, Henry (1611-1651), English
Parliamentary general: at battle of
Naseby, II, 353; draws up "The
Heads of the Proposals," 358; his
campaigns in Ireland, 12, 125
Irish, The Apostle of the: see Patrick,
Saint
Irish Land Acts, acts compensating
tenants for improvements (1870),
11, 625
Irish Liberator, The: see O'Connell,
Daniel
Irkhulina (9th century B. C), ruler
of Hamath, Syria: opposes Shal-
maneser, 1, 80
Irmingarde (d. 816 A. D.), wife of
Lewis the Pious: death of, 18, 90
Irminpillar, The, monument commem-
orating defeat of Varus; destruc-
tion of, 18, 80
Iron Calvinist of Rosny, The: see
Sully, Maximilien de Bethune, Duke
of
Iron Chancellor, The: see Bismarck,
Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince von
Iron Crown of Lombardy, The, the
crown used in coronation of all
kings of Lombardy: story of, 4,
167
Iron Duke, The: see Wellington, Ar-
thur Wellesley, Duke of
Iron Emperor, The: see Nicholas I,
Emperor of Russia
Iron Gates, The, Hungary: battles of
(1366), 17, 152; (1442), 157
Iron Industry: begins in Pennsylva-
nia, 23, 136
Ironside: see Edmund II, King of the
West Saxons
Iroquoian Indians, tribe of North
American Indians, called the Five
Nations: independent of other fam-
ilies, 23, 7; location, 8; their long
houses, 10; rights of their women,
13; defeated by Champlain, 50;
friendly feeling toward English, 50;
attack Schenectady, 158; become
subjects of Great Britain, 162; aid
colonists in French and Indian War,
163; in Treaty of Utrecht, 168; hos-
tility to Algonquins, 175
Irving, Washington (1783-1859),
American historian and novelist: in
American literature, 23, 481
Isabel, one of Bahama Islands: dis-
covered and named, 21, 6
Isabel (1566-1633), Infanta of Spain:
marries Albert of Austria, 8, 363,
13, 164; death of, 13, 211
Isabel Farnese (1692-1766), Queen of
Spain: marries Philip V of Spain
(1715), 8, 404; influence of, over
Philip, 405
Isabella: see San Domingo
Isabella (ca. 1520), Queen of Den-
mark: introduces Flemish garden-
ers, 16, 190
Isabella (I) the Catholic, Queen of
Castile, 1474-1504: daughter of John
II, King of Castile; born at Mad-
rigal, 1451; recognized by her
brother Henry IV as his heir; mar-
ried Ferdinand of Aragon, 1469; be-
came Queen of Castile and Leon,
1474; under her favor, Columbus
discovered America; died at Me-
dina del Campo, 1504
Marries Ferdinand, 8, 182; acces-
sion to throne of Castile, 183; reign
of, 185; at war with the Moors, 8,
120, 23, 29; at the siege of Malaga,
8, 123; appoints the Spanish In-
quisition, 13, 83 note; patronizes
Columbus, 20, 36, 23, 29; death of,
8, 188
Isabella (II) Louisa (1830-1904),
Queen of Spain, 1833-1868; birth
GENERAL INDEX
353
of, 8, 496; reign of, 497; driven from
her throne, 9, 461
Isabella (1214-1241), sister of Henry
III of England: marries Frederick
II of Germany, 18, 163
Isabella of Castile (ca. 1500), daughter
of Ferdinand V: marries Alfonso
of Portugal, 8, 312; marries Manuel
of Portugal, 324, 325
Isabella of France (1292-1358), Queen
of Edward II of England: charac-
ter of, 9, 89; marries Edward II of
England, II, 152; conspires against
Edward, 154
Isabella of France (1389-1409): mar-
ries Richard II of England, II, 183
Isabella of Portugal, sister of Joam
III: marries Charles V (1525), 8,
35o
Isabella Maria (19th century), daugh-
ter of Joam VI of Portugal: regent
of Portugal, 8, 535
Isabelle de Bourbon (1602-1644),
Queen of Spain: marries the Prince
of the Asturias, 8, 375
Isabelle of Bavaria (1371-1405), Queen
of France: character of, 9, 109;
made regent of France, 112
Isabelle of France (ca. 1250), daugh-
ter of St. Louis: marries Thibault
II of Navarre, 8, 206
Isagoras (ca. 510 B. C), Athenian
politician, 2, 140, 151
Isakcha, Turkey: battle of (1853), 15,
305
Isandlana, South Africa: battle of
(1879), 20, 229
Isaura, Asia Minor: captured by the
Romans, 3, 260
Isebrand Wolf (ca. 1500), Danish
rebel: leads the Ditmarshers, 16,
139
Iselin, Isaak (ca. 1750), Swiss philan-
thropist: sketch of, 13, 490, 492
Ish-bosheth (ca. 1000 B. C.), son of
Saul: claims throne of Israel, I,
384
Ishida Mitsunari (ca. 1592), Japanese
soldier: his campaign against Ko-
rea, 7, it6
Isidorian Decretals, forged documents
purporting to be decretals of early
Church Councils: discovery of, 18,
99
Iskanderbeg: see Scanderbeg
Iskra (d. 1708), Russian conspirator:
death of, 15, 47
Iskunka (ca. 500 B G), chief of the
Sakians: war with Darius, 1, 165
Islam Ghirai (ca. 1640), Khan of Cri-
mea: account of, 14, 230
Islam Shah (ca. 1550), governor of
Bengal: accession of, 5, no
Island Number Ten, an island in the
Mississippi River: Federals cap-
ture (1862), 24, 749; Pope distin-
guished by victory at, 762
Islay, Earl of (ca. 1720), a Scottish
soldier: quells disorders in Edin-
burgh, 12, 365
Isle of Saints, The: see Ireland
Isly, a small river in eastern Mo-
rocco: battle of the (1844), 9, 423
Ismail, capital of district of Ismail,
Russia: siege of (1790), 14, 359, 15,
185
Ismail (d. 1536), Shah of Persia:
reign of, 5, 341; aids Korkud and
Ahmed, 14, 115, 120; founder of
Safawi dynasty, 122; at war with
Turkey, 123, 147; restorer and legis-
lator of Persia, 145
Ismail Ali (1830-1895), Khedive of
Egypt, 1863-1879: reign of, 1, 39,
19, 267; opens Suez Canal, 14, 469;
extravagance of, 496; deposed, 496
Ismail ben Yussef (ca. 1342), brother
of Mohammed V of Granada: revolt
of, 8, 116
Ismail ibn Ahmad (ca. 874 A. D.),
Mohammedan kalif: founds Sa-
manid dynasty, 5, 328
Ismenias (4th century B. C), a
Greek statesman: warlike policy of,
2, 397; executed by the Spartans,
422
Isnard, Maximin (1751-1830), a French
republican: leads Girondist party,
9, 272; opposes Napoleon, 319; his
speech on the question of a declara-
tion of the king, 10, 162; his reply
to the deputies of the agitation of
May, 1793, 256; resigns the chair,
257
354.
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Ispahan, Persia: growth of, 5, 344;
siege of (1717), 349, *5, 78
Israel, History of: the kingdom of
Israel, 1, 373; the kingdom of Ju-
dah, 395; a scattered nation, 414;
influence of the Hebrews, 20, 8
Issos (Issus), Persia: battle of (333 B.
C), 1, 168, 2, 492
Isted, Prussia: battle of (1850), 16,
272
Istria, Austria-Hungary: part of,
united with Hungary and Bohemia,
17, 4; Italian element in, 8; becomes
Roman province, II ; under Napo-
leon, 300
Istuvegu: see Astyages
Itagaki Taisuke (19th century),
Japanese statesman: counsels war
with Korea, 7, 178; reforms of, 182;
leads Liberal Party, 214; made home
minister, 220
Itajuba, Count d' (19th century), a
Brazilian statesman: in Geneva com-
mission, 24, 885
Itakura Shigemasa (ca. 1600), a Jap-
anese baron: attempts to crush re-
bellion of Shimabara, 7, 138
Italian Question, The, the prepon-
derance of Austrian influence in
Italy, 17, 384
Italians: contribute to Austro-Hun-
garian history, 17, 5; location of,
in Austria-Hungary, 8; see also
Italy
Italinski (ca. 1800), Russian ambassa-
dor: his demands on Turkey, 14,
393, 395
Italy: condition of the Jews, I, 418;
Pelasgi spread to, 2, 23; Greek col-
onization in, 83; Greek prosperity in,
513; in relation to modern Greece,
548; geography of, 3, 3', early mi-
grations, 4; in the hands of Rome,
81; revolt against Rome (91-87 B.
C.), 2 5! social reorganization of,
under Caesar, 380; concludes treaty
with Japan, 7, 189; conquest of, by
the French, 10, 381, 438; relation
to the Eastern Question, 14, 7; Mo-
hammed projects subjugation of,
85; Turks driven from, 113; in Af-
rica, 19, 207; present African pos-
sessions of, 249; protests against
execution of Italians in New Or-
leans, 24, 976; appoints Behring Sea
arbitrator, 980; arbitration treaty
with the United States, 1076
Italy, History of: the death of Caesar,
4, 3; Octavius and the Second Tri-
umvirate, 10; the battle of Philippi
and the new division of the empire,
17; the battle of Actium and end
of the period of civil war, 22; the
foundation of the empire by Au-
gustus, 29; condition of the empire
under Augustus, 36; the reign of
Tiberius Caesar, 46; the reigns of
Caius Caligula and Claudius, 55; the
reign of Nero, 62; contest for the
empire, 69; affairs in the Roman
provinces, 75; the Flavian emper-
ors Vespasian, Titus, and Do-
mitian, 81; prosperity of the empire
under Nerva, Trajan, and Hadrian,
86; the age of the Antonines, 94;
transition period of decline, 99; ad-
vance of the barbarians, 107; the
reforms of Diocletian and the rise
of Constantine, 113; Constantine the
Great and the supremacy of Con-
stantinople, 121; progress of Chris-
tianity, 127; Gratian and Theodo-
sius, 133; the sack of Rome by the
Goths, 140; farther advance of the
barbarians, 145; Odoacer, first king
of Italy and the invasion of Theod-
oric, 155; fall of the Goths, 159; the
Lombards Gregory the Great,
163; rise of the temporal power of
the Popes, 171; the foundation of
the Holy Roman Empire, 180; Fred-
erick Barbarossa, 191; the Lombard
cities, 199; the rise of despots, 214;
Florence and Pisa, 225; Genoa and
Venice, 238; the condottieri, 251;
Naples and Florence, 257; the house
of Savoy, 272; the Italian Renais-
sance, 279; Ludovico el Moro and
the French in Italy, 289; the golden
age of Leo X, 296; the struggle be-
tween Charles V and Francis I
the Peace of Cateau-Cambresis,
301; the last of Italian liberty, 309;
Charles Emmanuel the Great and
some men of the age, 317; Victor
Amadeus and the founding of the
GENERAL INDEX
855
Italian kingdom, 326; celebrated
men of the middle 18th cen-
tury, 337; Napoleon Bonaparte, 341;
Revolution in Italian states war
with Austria, 352; Pope Pius IX and
the Roman Republic, 361; growth of
Italian unity, 371; the question of
Rome, 386; Rome becomes the cap-
ital of Italy, 391; internal condition
of the kingdom, 397; literature and
art of modern Italy, 407
Italy, The Hero of Modern: see Gari-
baldi, Giuseppe
Italica, an ancient Roman town in
Spain: organization of, 3, 207
Italiots, the Greek inhabitants of
Italy: history of, 2, 214
" Itata," Chilian cruiser: seized by
United States, 24, 978
Ithaca, one of the Ionian Islands:
home of Odysseus, 2, 10
Ithome, Messenia, Greece: peak of,
2, 17; in Messenian wars, 72; strong-
hold of the revolted Helots, 237,
246; site of city of Mcssene, 442
Ito (19th century), a Japanese ad-
miral: at battle of Wei-hai-Wei, 7,
270
Ito Hirbumi, Marquis (b. 1840), a
Japanese statesman: examines con-
stitutional laws of European coun-
tries, 7, 184; made minister of state,
185; negotiates convention with
China, 196; forms a constitutional
party, 214; first premiership of, 215;
second premiership of, 218; fourth
premiership of, 227; makes tour of
the world, 231
Ittingen, Monastery of, Switzerland:
burned, 13, 438
Iturbide, Augustin de (1783-1824),
Emperor of Mexico, 1822-1824: re-
bellion of, 22, 247, 251; proclaimed
emperor, 257; abdication of, 258;
death of, 259
Iturrigaray, Jose (ca. 1800), a Mex-
ican statesman: his administration
as viceroy of New Spain, 22, 228
Ituzaingo, Brazil: battle of (1827), 21,
121
Itzocan, Mexico: taken by Cortez, 22,
42
Iuka, Mississippi: battle of (1862),
24, 774
Ivan (III) the Great, Grand Duke of
Moscow: born, 1440; ascended the
throne, 1462; freed his kingdom
from the domination of the Golden
Horde; made conquests in western
Russia; consolidated the Russian
state; promoted art and learning by
encouraging the immigration of
Italian and Greek artists and pro-
fessors; died at Moscow, October
27. 1505
Opens relations with Turkey, 14,
177; frees Moscow from the Tar-
tars, 192; reign of, 15, 12
Ivan (IV) the "Terrible" (1530-
1584), Emperor of Russia, 1533-
1584: reign of, 14, 192, 15, 15; his
relations with Sweden, 16, 167; at-
tacks the Baltic provinces, 18, 261
Ivan V (1666-1696), Emperor of Rus-
sia, 1682-1689: Sophia guardian for,
15, 24; shares the throne with
Peter, 15, 27; death of, 32
Ivan VI ( 1 740-1764), Emperor of Rus-
sia, 1740-1741: career of, 15, 136;
visited by Peter, 155; plot to re-
store, 163
Ivar (9th century A. D.); King of
Waterford: establishes his kingdom,
16, 43
Ivar Benlos (ca. 8th century A. D.),
King of Northumbria: legend of,
16, 20
Ivar Blaa (13th century), a Swedish
statesman: secures the election of
Valdemar, 16, 103
Ivar Vidfadme (7th century A. D.),
King of Denmark: legend of, 16,
38
Ivernia: see Ireland
Iviga, one of the Balearic Isles: siege
of (1235), 8, 241
Ivory Coast, part of the coast of Up-
per Guinea, west Africa: descrip-
tion of, 20, 281
Iwafune, Japan: built, 7, 27
Iwakura Tomomi (19th century),
Japanese statesman: made gijo, 7,
167; visits United States and Eu-
rope, 189
356
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Ixcuintepecs, an Indian tribe of Cen-
tral America: defeated by the Span-
iards, 22, 429
Izard, Ralph (1742-1804), an Amer-
ican politician: sent as minister to
Tuscany, 23, 268; not received, 268
Izmaelov, Vladimir (ca. 1760), a Rus-
sian officer: mission of, 15, 157
Iztapalapan: destroyed, 22, 45
Jabalah (7th century A. D.), Arabian
prince: commands force of Chris-
tian Arabs, 1, 280
Jabesh, Israel: siege of, 1, 381
Jack, Captain (d. 1872), Modoc In-
dian chief: captured and executed,
24, 905
Jackman (d. ca. 1580), Arctic ex-
plorer: explorations of, 16, 301
Jackson, Michigan: first Republican
convention held at, 24, 644
Jackson, Mississippi: Confederate
stronghold in Vicksburg campaign,
24, 776; secession convention at,
687
Jackson (19th century), English of-
ficer in Africa: his explorations in
Africa, 19, 188
Jackson, Andrew, an American gen-
eral and statesman, President of
the United States, 1829-1837, called
Old Hickory, Sharp Knife, and
Pointed Arrow: born at Waxhaw
Settlement, North Carolina, March
15, 1767; his education was very lim-
ited and he cared nothing for books;
joined the Revolutionary forces un-
der General Sumter, 1780; taken
prisoner by the British, 1781; stud-
ied law and was admitted to the
bar, 1786; moved to Nashville, 1788;
when Tennessee was made a sep-
arate territory he was appointed by
Washington attorney for the new
district, 1790; was a member of
Congress from Tennessee, 1796-
1797; United States Senator, 1797-
1798; Justice of the Supreme Court
of Tennessee, 1798-1804; repulsed
the Creeks at Talladega, 1813, and
at Emuckfau and Horseshoe Bend,
1814; captured Pensacola from the
English, 1814; won a victory over
the English at New Orleans, 1815;
was in command of the war with
the Seminoles, 1817-1818; became
Governor of Florida Territory,
1821; was United States Senator
from Tennessee, 1823-1825; was
elected President by the Democratic
Party, 1828, and was reelected,
1832; instigated the " spoils sys-
tem," in politics; vetoed a bill re-
newing the charter of the United
States Bank; suppressed the nulli-
fication acts of South Carolina; died
at the Hermitage, near Nashville,
Tenn., June 8, 1845
Invited to join Burr in coloniza-
tion scheme, 23, 403; defends New
Orleans, 427; leads expedition
against Creek Indians, 427; his rise
in War of 1812, 433; drives Semi-
noles to Everglades, 444; first gov-
ernor of Florida, 445; sketch of, as
Presidential candidate, 461; his can-
vass for Presidency, 463; candidacy
agitated throughout Adams's term,
474; account of administration, 477;
sketch of, 477; as type of "new
democracy," 480; policy of, 485;
views on internal improvement, 488;
feud with Calhoun, 492; opposes
nullification, 492, 495; general ad-
miration for, 499; reelected Presi-
dent, 502; censured for war on
United States Bank, 504; success in
conducting foreign relations, 507;
censure of, expunged from Senate
journal, 508; his administration sum-
marized, 508; retires to " the Her-
mitage," 508; denounces abolition-
ists, 24, 576; interest in Panama
Canal during administration of,
1055
Jackson, Hancock (19th century), gov-
ernor of Missouri: leader of seces-
sionists in Missouri, 24, 720; de-
posed, 721
Jackson, James (1757-1806), American
357
S58
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
lawyer: in first Congress, 23, 342;
British minister, 415
Jackson, Thomas Jonathan, called
Stonewall Jackson, an American
soldier: born at Clarksburg, Vir-
ginia (now West Virginia), January
21, 1824; graduated from West
Point, 1846; served in the war
against Mexico, being complimented
for gallantry in a number of battles
and given the brevet of captain for
conduct in the battles of Contreras
and Cherubusco and of major for
conduct in the storming of Chapul-
tepec; resigned from the army,
1852, and became Professor of Phys-
ics and Artillery instructor in the
Virginia Military Institute; made
colonel in the Confederate Army of
Virginia, April 17, 1861; was soon
made brigadier-general and given
command of the Virginia Valley
Brigade; won his sobriquet of
" Stonewall " at the battle of Bull
Run, 1861; was made major-gen-
eral and placed in command of the
Confederate forces in the Shenan-
doah Valley, September, 1861; was
defeated by General Shields near
Winchester, March 23, 1862; defeated
General Banks at Winchester, May
25, 1862; fought an indecisive battle
with General Fremont at Cross
Keys, June 8, 1862; commanded a
corps at the battles of Gaines' Mill,
June 27, and at Malvern Hill, July
1, 1862; defeated General Banks at
Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August
9, 1862; captured Harper's Ferry,
September 15, 1862; was present at
the battle of Antietam, September
17, 1862; commanded the right wing
at Fredericksburg, December 13,
1862; was mortally wounded by his
own men at the battle of Chancel-
lorsville, May 2, 1863, and died near
Chancellorsville, Virginia, May 10
Wins his sobriquet, 24, 735; in
Shenandoah Valley, 759, 792; at Cul-
peper Court House, 763; plans in-
vasion of North, 764; defeats How-
ard, 771; sketch of, 772; death of,
771
Jackson, William (1737-1795), Irish
Protestant minister: his mission to
Ireland, 12, 202
Jackson-Harmsworth Expedition, ex-
pedition to Franz Josef Land
(1894), 16, 326
Jacob (d. ca. 900 A. D.), the son of
Leith: his conquest of Persia, I.
364
Jacobin Club, political club in France
during Revolution: founding and
growth of, Io, 127; struggle of,
with the Girondists, 246; attacked
by the Thermidorians, 327
Jacqueline (1401-1436), Countess of
Holland and Hainault: marries
John, Duke of Brabant, 13, 38;
sketch of, 39; death of, 41
Jacquerie, Rising of the, rebellion of
French peasants against the nobles
(1358), 9, Ml, 11, 165
Jaen, Spain: sieges of (1228-1230), 8,
150; (1245), 105
Jafar Khan: see Murshid Kuli Khan
Jaffa, Turkey: taken by Napoleon,
14, 382
Jaffnapatam, India: captured by the
Dutch (1658), 5, 155
Jagiello, Prince of Lithuania: see
Vladislav II, King of Poland
Jagiellos, dynasty of Poland: Poland
under the, 15, 375, 377
Jaguncos, a band of Brazilian mixed
bloods: rebellion of, 21, 255
Jahandar Shah, Indian ruler, 1712:
reign of, 5, 125
Jahangir (Selim), Mogul emperor,
1605-1627: marriage of, 5, 112; reign
of, 117
Jai Singh II (ca. 1725), Indian native
ruler: corrects list of stars, 5, 47;
founds the city of Jaipur, 47
Jains, monks of India: description of,
5, 65
Jaipal (ca. 1001), chief of Lahore: at
war with the Mohammedans, 5, 91
Jaipur, India: founded (1728), 5, 47
Jalalabad, Afghanistan: siege of
(1841), 5, 218
Jalal-ud-din (d. 1296), King of Delhi,
1290-1296: founds dynasty, 5, 98
Jalapa, Mexico: taken by the Amer-
icans, 22, 327
GENERAL INDEX
359
Jalula, Arabia: battle of, i, 263
Jama Masjid, India: built, 5, 120
Jamac, France: battle of (1562), 3,
460
Jamaica, one of the West Indies:
captured by the English, n, 370,
20, 71; revolt of the Maroons, 20,
139; increase in its produce, 237;
negro insurrections (1831), 240;
(1865), 245; decline of, 241
Jamasee: see Yamassees
James (Jayme) II (d. 1327), King of
Aragon, 1291-1327: reign of, 8, 247;
war with Sicily, 4, 258
James I (1566-1625), King of England
(VI of Scotland), 1603-1625, called
the British Solomon: birth of, II,
282; accession of, to Scottish throne,
12, 318; plots against William of
Orange and Elizabeth, II, 292; ac-
cession of, to English throne, 12,
108, 329, 13, 178; reign of, II, 307;
Christian IV at the court of, 16,
199; imprisons Raleigh, 23, 54;
charters London and Plymouth
Companies, 56; hostility toward
Presbyterians, 83; forms alliance
with Maurice of Nassau, 13, 195;
relations of Charles IX with, 16,
174; grants Nova Scotia to Sir Wil-
liam Alexander, 20, 83; death of,
23, 63
James II (1633-1701), King of Eng-
land (VII of Scotland), 1685-1688:
accession of, 12, 131, 349, 13, 242;
reign of, 11, 421; in the war with
the Dutch, 11, 386, 13, 233; revokes
colonial charters, 23, 72; colonial
policy of, 100; receives grant in
America, 104; revokes charter of
New Jersey, 109; abolishes charter
of liberties, 105; taxes colonies, 20,
89; declares his conversion to Ca-
tholicism, 11, 394; commissioner for
Scotland, 12, 348; deposed, 9, 217,
12, 132, 351, 23, 72, 157; attempts
to regain his crown, 9, 218; cam-
paign in Ireland, 12, 134; death of,
", 45i
James I, Emperor of Hayti:
see Dessalines
James I (i394-i437), King of Scot-
land, 1406-1437: reign of, 12, 288;
held as hostage by Henry IV, 1 1,
194, 12, 288; released and sent home,
11, 202
James II (1430-1460), King of Scot-
land, 1437-1460: reign of, 12, 293
James III (1451-1488), King of Scot-
land, 1460-1488: reign of, 12, 296
James IV (1473-1513), King of Scot-
land, 1488-1513: reign of, 12, 298;
marries Margaret Tudor, 11, 229;
supports claims of Warbeck, 227;
attempts invasion of England, 228;
invades England, 236; death of, 9,
135
James V (1512-1542), King of Scot-
land, 1513-1542: reign of, 12, 301;
at war with Henry VIII of Eng-
land, 11, 261
James VI and VII, Kings of Scot-
land: see James I and II, Kings of
England
James the Elder, Saint, one of the
twelve apostles: introduces Chris-
tianity into Spain, 8, 31
James, Francis (d. 1900), a Chinese
missionary: murder of, 6, 302
James, George (19th century), an
American army officer: fires first
shot of Civil War, 24, 711
James, Thomas (ca. 1593-1635), an
English navigator: explorations of,
16, 305
James, Thomas Lemuel (1831 ),
an American politician: in Gar-
field's cabinet, 24, 932 note; ap-
pointment opposed by Conkling,
933; exposes postal frauds, 937
James: see also Jayme
James River, Virginia: named, 23, 58;
in McClellan's operations, 24, 761;
Grant crosses, 791
Jameson, Colonel (ca. 1780), an Amer-
ican officer: receives Andre as a
prisoner, 23, 277
Jameson, Leander S. (1853 ), a
Scottish physician: appointed admin-
istrator for British South African
Company, 19, 231; effect of his raid,
19, 281, 20, 231
Jamestown, Virginia: description of,
20, 24; settled, 20, 84, note, 23, 58;
burned by Nathaniel Bacon, 65
Jancourt, De (ca. 1814), a French
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
statesman: member of the provi-
sional government, 9, 349
Jane, Crazy: see Juana, Queen of
Spain
Jang, Sir Salar (1829-1883), a states-
man of British India: sketch of, 5,
235
Jang Bahadur, Sir (ca. 1850), minister
in Nepal: assists in quelling the mu-
tiny, 5, 238
Janiculum, a long ridge or hill in
Rome: part of the territory of
Rome, 3, 10, 21
Janissaries (Yeni Tscheri), a former
body of Turkish infantry constitut-
ing the sultan's guard: instituted by
Alaeddin, 14, 19, 20; recruited from
conquered Christians, 32; condition
under Mohammed II, 93; tyranny
and turbulence of, 120, 150, 203, 212,
293, 386, 394; at siege of Vienna,
156; under Suleiman the Great, 183;
Mohammed IV reorganizes, 251; de-
struction of, 417
Janizo, Rear Admiral (d. 1865), Pe-
ruvian naval officer: death of, 21,
205
Jannaeus, Alexander: see Alexander
Jannaeus
Jansen (ca. 1690), a Dutch renegade:
treachery of, 15, 32; death of, 33
Janssens (ca. 1800), Dutch-South Af-
rican statesman: governor of Cape
Colony, 20, 220
January, Edict of, an edict for the
French Calvinists (1562), 9, 153
Januria (early 19th century), Princess
of Brazil: declared heir to the throne
of Brazil, 21, 170
Japan, an island country off the east
coast of Asia: pirates from, raid
Chinese coast, 6, 23, 35; invades
China, 35; invades Korea, 36; art
of, influenced by China, 39; military
reforms in, 246; secures treaty with
Great Britain, 312; signs treaty with
China, 315; first approached by Eu-
ropeans, 8, 435
Japan, History of: the mythical age,
7, 3; the beginning of the empire,
6; relations with Korea and China,
12; the Taikwa Reform, 22; the
Nara Epoch, 31; the Hei-an Epoch,
38; the Kamakura government, 65;
the temporary restoration of impe-
rial power, 83; the Muromachi pe-
riod, 92; internal peace and external
war, 109; the foundation of the Edo
government, 122; the decline of the
Edo government, 140; the fall of
the Edo government, 155; internal
affairs, 173; foreign relations, 188;
the Constitution in theory and in
practice, 199; parties and politics,
213; economic progress, 243; the
Chinese-Japanese War, 6, 265, 7,
252; Japan and Russia in Korea and
Manchuria, 7, 275; the Russo-Jap-
anese War and its aftermath, 6, 308,
7, 303
Japan, Sea of, the part of the Pacific
Ocean which lies between Japan
and Korea: battle of (1905), 7, 316,
15, 364
Japanese Perry: see Perry, Matthew
Calbraith
Jaraba (ca. 1566), Spanish statesman:
appointed jueces pesquisidores, 22,
125
Jarauta (ca. 1850), a Mexican clergy-
man: in the war with the United
States, 22, 330
Jardins, Des (17th century), a Flemish
sculptor: sketch of, 13, 220
Jarente (ca. 1790), Archbishop of Or-
leans: takes oath of loyalty to the
nation, 10, 113
Jarero (19th century), a Mexican gen-
eral: at the battle of Cerro Gordo,
32, 325
Jarnac, France: battle of (1569), 9,
156
Jaroslav of Martini tz: see Martinitz
Jaroslav the Great (d. 1054 A. D.),
Grand Prince of Russia, 1015-1054:
befriends Saint Olaf, 16, 57; mar-
riage of, 59
Jason (Joshua) (2nd century B.
C), high priest of Jerusalem: reign
of, 1, 404
Jason of Pherae (d. 370 B. C), tyrant
of Thessaly: career of, 2, 437; mur-
dered, 438
Jassy, Rumania: massacre in (1821),
GENERAL INDEX
361
14, 416; taken by the Russians
(1828), 15, 278
Jassy, Treaty of, between Russia and
Turkey (1792), 10, 134, 14, 362, 374,
15, 187
Jauja, Peru: battle of (1833), 21, 195
Jaukowitz, Austria-Hungary: battle of
(1645), 16, 187
Jaureguay, John (d. 1583), a Spanish
assassin: attempts to assassinate
William of Orange, 13, 138
Java, one of the Sunda Islands, called
the Queen of the Eastern Archi-
pelago: settled by the Dutch, 20,
56; conquered by the Dutch, 113;
taken by the English (1811), 5, 205,
20, 144; returned to Holland, 20,
144; description of, 286
"Java," British frigate: destroyed by
the " Constitution," 23, 422
Jay, John, an American statesman and
first chief justice of the United
States: born at New York, Decem-
ber 12, 1745; graduated at King's
College, 1764, and was admitted to
the New York bar, 1768; was a
delegate to Congress from New
York, 1774-1777, and 1778-1779;
drew up the constitution of New
York, 1777; was United States min-
ister to Spain, 1780-1782; peace com-
missioner at Paris, 1782-1783; secre-
tary for foreign affairs, 1784-1789;
was contributor to the " Federalist;"
was the first chief justice of the
United States Supreme Court,
1789-1795; was unsuccessful candi-
date for Governor of New York,
1792; was special minister to Great
Britain, 1794-1795, and governor of
New York, 1795-1801; died at Bed-
ford, Westchester .Co., N. Y., May
17, 1829
Graduates from King's College,
23, 140; delegate to first Conti-
nental Congress, 223; delegate to
second Continental Congress, 229;
member of Secret Committee of
Correspondence, 265; sent as min-
ister to Spain, 268; appointed mem-
ber of peace commission, 286;
writes for the Federalist, 324; not
delegate to Constitutional Conven-
tion, 324; concludes treaty with
England, 362; Chief Justice of the
United States, 346; governor of New
York, 347; absent from first Con-
gress, 343
Jay Treaty, between Great Britain
and the United States (1795): pro-
visions of, 23, 362; effect on France,
372
Jayme (I) the Conquistador, King of
Aragon, 1213-1276: birth of, 8, 237;
campaigns against the Moors, 102,
107; named as successor to Sancho
VI of Navarre, 204; reign of, 239
Jayme II, King of Aragon: see James
II, King of Aragon
Jayme (ca. 1283), King of Majorca:
joins crusade against Pedro III of
Aragon, 8, 246; at war with Pedro
IV of Aragon, 254
Jayme, Don (d. 1347), son of Alfonso
IV of Aragon: rebellion of, 8, 251
Jayme, Don (d. ca. 1473), a prince of
the royal house of Aragon: revolt
of, 8, 268
Jayme: see also James
Jazyges, early Hungarian tribe: settle
in Macedonia, 17, 15
Jean d' Albret, King of Navarre, 1494-
1512: at war with Ferdinand V of
Spain, 8, 192; reign of, 216; attempts
to regain his throne, 340
Jean: see also Joam, Joan, Johan,
John and Juan
Jeanne I (1272-1305), Queen of Na-
varre, 1274-1305: reign of, 8, 207
Jeanne II, Queen of Navarre, 1328-
1349: reign of, 8, 209
Jeanne d' Albret (1528-1572), Queen
of Navarre: declared to have for-
feited her royal dignity, 9, 155;
leads Protestants, 156
Jeanne d' Arc (Joan of Arc), called
the Maid of Orleans and La Pucelle,
a French heroine: born at Dom-
remy, Vosges, France, 112; was
the daughter of poor but religious
peasants; was devoted to the cause
of the Orleanists, who upheld the
claims of Charles VII as against
Henry V of England; believed she
had been divinely commanded to
liberate France; was sent with a
362
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
small guard to Chinon, where
Charles held his court; he put her
in command of a body of troops,
and in one week she had raised the
siege of Orleans, 1429; gained the
battles of Meun, jargeau, Beau-
gency, and Patay; as a result
Charles was crowned at Rheims;
was prevailed upon to keep com-
mand of the army and was cap-
tured by the Burgundians, who
handed her over to the English;
after a pretence of a trial, she was
burned in the market-place of
Rouen, May 31, 1431
Career of, 9, 114, II, 203
Jeannin, Pierre (1 540-1622), a French
statesman: draws up the Edict of
Nantes, 9, 171; represents France
at the Hague Peace Commission
(1607), 13, 186
Jedburgh, Scotland: siege of (1524)
12, 302
Jefferson, Thomas, an American
statesman and President of the
United States, 1801-1809, called the
Apostle of Liberty: born at Shad-
well, Va., April 2, 1743; entered
William and Mary College, where
he distinguished himself in scholar-
ship; studied law five years and was
admitted to the bar, 1767; made a
remarkable success in his profes-
sion; was a member of the Virginia
House of Burgesses, 1769-1775 and
1776-1778, and of the Continental
Congress, 1775-1776; was appointed
chairman of the committee to draw
up a declaration of independence
and he drafted the " Declaration of
American Independence;" was Gov-
ernor of Virginia, 1779-1781; again
in Congress, 1783-1784; United
States minister to France, 1785-
1789; was secretary of state, 1790-
1793; Vice-President, 1797-1801, and
President for two terms, 1801-1809;
retired to Monticello, and died there,
July 4, 1826
Elevates the legal profession, 23,
138; graduates from College of Wil-
liam and Mary, 142; delegate to sec-
ond Continental Congress, 229;
member of committee to draft a
declaration of independence, 240;
prepares the draft of the Declara-
tion of Independence, 240; supplies
Alexander of Russia with a copy
of the Constitution, 15, 266 note;
Republican nominee for President,
23, 370; submits plan of government
for Northwest Territory, 318; min-
ister abroad, 324; his theory of the
Union, 378; Secretary of State, 344;
wins National Capital for the South,
350; opposes doctrine of implied
powers, 352; hostility toward Ham-
ilton, 356; urges Washington to ac-
cept reelection, 357; candidate for
Vice-President, 357; views on nulli-
fication, 379; enmity between Ham-
ilton and, 382; character, 383; ad-
ministration, 383; religious belief,
384; inaugural address, 385; political
philosophy of, summarized, 385; re-
elected President, 402; characteriza-
tion of, 411; last years, 413; advises
on Monroe Doctrine, 447; Demo-
cratic banquet commemorating an-
niversary of, 492; quoted on slavery
in Virginia, 24, 564; commissions
Taylor, 592
Jeffreys, George (1648-1689), an Eng-
lish judge: condemns Richard Bax-
ter, 11, 422; holds the Bloody As-
sizes, 423
Jehangir (ca. 1825), a Chinese rebel:
rebellion of, 6, 124
Jehlam, India: battle of (327 B. C),
5, 67
Jehoahaz, King of Israel, 815-798 B.
C: at war with Damascus, I, 392
Jehoahaz (ca. 600 B. C), King of
Judah: accession of, 1, 399
Jehoiachin, King of Judah, 597 B. C:
carried captive to Babylon, I, 399
Jehoiada (850 B. C.) High Priest of
Judah: restores Joash to the throne
of Judah, I, 395
Jehoiakim, King of Judah, 609-597 B.
C. : reign of, 1, 399
Jehoram, King of Israel, 848-844 B.
C : defeated by King of Damascus,
1, 392; death of, 392
GENERAL INDEX
363
Jehu, King of Israel, 843-815 B. C:
usurps throne of Israel, 1, 392
Jehudah-ha-Nasi (ca. 200 A. D.), Jew-
ish Rabbi: compiles the Mishnah, 1,
414
Jellachich de Buzin,- Joseph, Count
(1801-1859), a Croatian general: in
Hungarian insurrection, 15, 300, 18,
401; sanctions acts of Croatians,
x 7> 369; leads Croatian forces, 370;
his campaign against Vienna, 376
Jellinek (d. 1848), Hungarian jour-
nalist: death of, 17, 376
Jemappes (Jemmapes), Belgium: bat-
tle of (1792), 9, 279, 13, 263, 17,
280, 18, 356
Jemmingen, Prussia: battle of (1568),
13, 109
Jen Tsung (ca. 1325), Chinese em-
peror: reign of, 6, 25
Jena, Germany: battle of (1806), 8,
484, 9, 328, 10, 470, 16, 251, 18,
372
Jenatsch, George (1 596-1639), a Swiss
soldier: leads revolt, 13, 462; leads
attack on Pompey Planta, 463;
death of, 463
Jenghiz Khan or Jengis Khan: see
Genghis Khan
Jenkins Episode, The, abuse of Eng-
lish captain by Spaniards, given as
one of the causes of the war with
Spain (1738), 11, 483
Jenkinson, Anthony (d. 161 1), an Eng-
lish explorer: travels of, 5, 140,
342
Jenkinson, Robert Banks, Earl of
Liverpool: see Liverpool, Robert
Banks Jenkinson, Earl of
Jensenius (d. 1621), a Bohemian
scholar: death of, 17, 207
Jerablus: see Carchemish
Jericho, Palestine: conquered by He-
brews, 1, 377
Jernskoeg (Ironbeard), (ca. 1000 A.
D.), Norwegian leader: champions
the old belief, 16, 55
Jeroboam I, King of Israel, 953-927
B. C.: rebels against Solomon, 1,
388; accession of, 389
Jeroboam II, King of Israel, 790-749
B. C: reign of, 1, 393
Jerome (Hieronymus), Saint (340-420
A. D.), a father of the Latin church:
sketch of, 18, 202
Jerome, King of Westphalia: see Bo-
naparte Jerome, King of Westpha-
lia
Jerome of Prague (1365-1416), a Bo-
hemian religious reformer: mar-
tyred, 17, 124
Jersey Blue: see New Jersey
Jerusalem, capital of Ancient Pales-
tine, called The City of David and
The City of Peace: conquered by
David (1048 B. C), 1, 384; becomes
capital of Israel, 385; becomes Aelia
Capitolina, 413; taken by Per-
sians (615 A. D.), 5, 320; by Sara-
cens (637 A. D.), 2, 533; by Godfrey
of Bouillon (1099), J 8, 138; by Sal-
adin (1187), 11, no, 18, 155; by
Selim (1516), 14, 130; proposed for
Mohammedan kebla of prayer, 1,
228; sieges of (ca. 950 B. C.), 30;
(ca. 701 B. C), 397; (598 B. C),
399J (587-586 B. C), 92, 400; (162
B. C), 406; (70 A. D.), 1, 411, 4,
79; (637 A. D.), 1, 282, 14, 100
Jerusalem of Russia, The: see Mos-
cow
Jervis, John, Earl St. Vincent (1734-
1823), English admiral: at battle of
Cape St. Vincent, 11, 547
Jessup, Colonel (ca. 1815), American
officer: sent to keep watch on Hart-
ford convention, 24, 432; captures
Osceola, 515
Jessup, Morris Ketchum (b. 1830 ),
American philanthropist: organizes
North American Indian Expedition,
23, 3 note
Jesuits (Society of Jesus), society
founded by Ignatius Loyola (1534):
founded, 17, 178; plan conquest of
the Californias, 22, 183: power of,
11, 281; proselytizing of, 15, n,
25; expelled from Austria, 17, 260;
from Brazil, 21, 38; from Bohemia,
18, 268; from France, 8, 418, 9, 247,
387, 18, 351; from Germany, 18,
441; from Holland, 13, 253; from
New Spain, 22, 204; from Paraguay,
21, 49; from Pernambuco, 178; from
Portugal, 8, 418, 472, 18, 351; from
Spain, 8, 418, 18, 351; from Switzer-
364
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
land, 13, 49s, 552; from the Two Si-
cilies, 4, 383, 18, 351; return to Ar-
gentina, 31, 136; to Bohemia, 18,
270; to France (1603), 9, 175; to
Lower Austria, 17, 350; to Spain,
8, 496; sends missionary explorers
to America, 23, 51, 174; sketch of,
22, 203; suppression of (1773), 20,
98; work of, in Bohemia, 17, 180,
198, 213; in China, 6, 33, 34, 40, 73,
88; in Germany, 18, 259, 273, 290,
303; in Portugal, 8, 439; in South
America, 20, 48, 92, 93, 21, 37, 48,
144; in Switzerland, 13, 457, 529,
549; in Transylvania, 17, 223
Jesus, Society of: see Jesuits
Jesus Christ, founder of Christianity:
crucifixion of, 1, 410, 2, 522
Jeunesse Doree, The: French political
faction: formed by Freron, 10, 326;
costume and composition of, 326
Jewel of Europe, The: see Sicily
Jewelry: among the Indians, 23, 12
Jews, a Semitic nation descended from
tribes of Judah and Benjamin:
ARABIA: settle in, 1, 187, 415
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: influence
of, 17, 6; condition of, 96; under
Louis the Great of Hungary, 154;
under Joseph II of Austria, 266
BABYLONIA: prosperity of, 1,
414
BRAZIL: settle in, 20, 47; condi-
tion of, 1, 424; establish sugar plan-
tations, 20, 92
EASTERN EMPIRE: condition of,
1, 416
ENGLAND: condition of, 1, 419;
William Rufus encourages their set-
tlement in England, 11, 83; their
unpopularity, 91; massacre of, 112;
persecuted by John of England,
124; banished by Edward I of Eng-
land, 145
FRANCE: condition of, 1, 419, 422;
persecuted by Philip V of France,
9, 90; expelled, 109; declared eligible
for all civil and military offices, 10,
115 note
GERMANY: condition of, 1, 420,
18, 350
GREECE: condition of, 2, 549
HOLLAND: condition of, 1, 421;
fleets, X3, 168
ITALY: condition of, 1, 418
POLAND: condition of, 1, 420
PORTUGAL: persecution of, un-
der Manuel of Portugal, 8, 336
ROME: influence in empire, 3, 391
RUSSIA: under Peter, 15, 85; Po-
temkin raises a regiment of, 184;
French estimate of Russian Jews,
222, 223; number, 341; concessions
to, 348; massacred at Kishinev, 358;
at Odessa, 365
SPAIN: condition of, 1, 416; perse-
cuted by Sisebert, 8, 44; persecu-
tions, under Ferdinand and Isabella,
185; massacre, under Jeanne II of
Navarre, 209
SWITZERLAND: given the rights
of citizenship in Aargau, 13, 564
TURKEY: condition of, 1, 421
UNITED STATES: in Pennsylva-
nia, 1, 426; denied rights of Tolera-
tion Act, 23, 72; as American colo-
nists, 127; persecuted in New Eng-
land, 147; denied suffrage in New
York and South Carolina, 148
Jews' House, at Lincoln, England:
made of stone, 11, 118
Jezebel (d. 843 B. C.)> a Phoenician
princess: marries Ahab, King of
Israel, I, 390; denounced by Elijah,
392; death of, 392
Jezreel, Palestine: battle of, 1, 384
Jhansi, British India: escheats to the
British government, 5, 229
Jimmu, Emperor of Japan, ca. 660 B.
C. : founds dynasty, 7, 7
Jinghis Khan: see Genghis Khan
Jingo, Empress of Japan, ca. 200 A.
D.: her expedition against Korea,
7, 12
Jito, Empress of Japan, 690-697 A. D.:
reign of, 7, 30
Joab (ca. 1000 B. C), Hebrew gen-
eral: attempts to comfort David, 1,
386; death, 387
Joachim (1505-1571), Elector of Bran-
denburg: sends tutor for Christian,
16, 147
Joachim of the Red Beard, Father:
see Haspinger
GENERAL INDEX
365
Joachimi (ca. 1650), Dutch envoy: his
mission to the English Parliament,
13, 225
Joam I, King of Portugal, 1385-1433:
does homage to Leonora, 8, 292;
imprisoned, 294; schemes for the
throne of Portugal, 296; made
regent of Portugal, 297; accession
to throne, 299
Joam (II) the Great, King of Por-
tugal, 1481-1495: his interest in dis-
coveries, 8, 187, 316, 19, 8, 20, 38,
23, 25, 28; reign of, 8, 318, 20, 35
Joam III, King of Portugal, 1521-
1557: reign of, 8, 433; his colonial
policy, 20, 48
Joam IV, King of Portugal, 1640-
1656: claims throne of Portugal, 8,
448; plots for the throne, 456; ac-
cession of, 8, 379, 462, 9, 193, 13,
212
Joam V, King of Portugal, 1706-
1750: reign of, 8, 470
Joam VI, King of Portugal, 1816-
1826: marries Carlotta of Spain, 8,
418; made regent of Portugal, 475;
his sojourn in Brazil, 21, 164; ac-
knowledges the independence of
Brazil, 167; reign of, 8, 525
Joam: see also Jean, Joan, Johan,
John and Juan
Joan: see also Jean, Joam, Johan
John and Juan
Joan of Arc: see Jeanne d' Arc
Joan of Naples (early 14th century),
daughter of the Duke of Calabria:
marries Andrew of Anjou, 17, 151
Joanna I, Queen of Naples, 1343-1382:
reign of, 4, 260
Joanna (Joan) II, Queen of Naples
1414-1435: marries the Count de la
Marche, 8, 261; appeals to the king
of Aragon for aid against French,
262; reign of, 4, 262
Joanna: see also Juana
Joash, King of Israel, 798-790 B. C.
at war with Syria, 1, 393
Joash, King of Judah, 837-797 B. C:
reign of, 1, 395
Job: see Abu Ayub
Jodocus (ca. 1400), Margrave of Mo-
ravia: conspiracy of, 18, 198; elected
king of Germany, 201
Johan (I) Sverkersson (d. 1222), King
of Sweden: death of, 16, 103
Johan II, King of Sweden: see Hans,
King of Denmark
Johan III (d. 1593), King of Sweden:
invested with Finland, 16, 160; de-
poses his brother, 163; reign of,
164; death of, 168
Johan (ca. 1600), Duke of East Goth-
land: refuses the Swedish crown,
16, 171; regent of Sweden, 176
Johan (ca. 1650), Duke of Holstein-
Gottorp: a member of the council
of regency, 16, 210
Johan: see also Jean, Joam, Joan,
John and Juan
Johannan ben Sacchai (1st century A.
D.), Jewish Rabbi: unites the Jews
of Palestine, 1, 412
Johannes Scotus Erigena (ca. 850 A.
D.), Irish scholar: his relations with
Charles the Bold of France, 12, 36
Johannesburg, Transvaal: built, 20,
231; occupied by the British (1900),
233
Johanson, Hjalmar (19th century), a
Norwegian explorer: accompanies
Nansen, 16, 326
John I, Pope, 523-526: his mission to
the East, 4, 157
John VIII, Pope, 872-882: confirms
privileges granted to Methodius, 17,
33
John IX, Pope, 898-900: receives a
factum from the German bishops
of Moravia, 17, 33
John XII (d. 964), Pope, 955-963,
called the Boy Pope: his relations
with Otto I, 4, 181, 18, 113; de-
posed, 114
John XV, Pope, 985-996: his relations
with Otto III, 18, 119
John XVI (Philagathus), anti-Pope,
997-998: accession of, 18, 121
John XIX, Pope, 1024-1033: crowns
Conrad II, 18, 125
John XXII (Jacques d' Euse) (ca.
1244-1334), Pope, 1316-T334: opposes
Lewis of Bavaria, 18, 187; abets
ambitions of Robert of Anjou, 4,
218; grants dispensation for mar-
riage of Pedro I of Portugal and
Ines de Castro, 8, 290
366
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
John XXIII (Baltasare Cossa) (ca.
1360-1419), anti-Pope, 1410-1415:
sketch of, 13, 396, 17, 122; pontifi-
cate of, 18, 201; honors Frederick
III of Austria, 17, 107; imprisoned,
18, 204
John (d. 1889), King of Abyssinia: at
war with the Italian garrisons, 19,
207
John (ca. 1296-1346), King of Bohe-
mia, 1310-1346: becomes king, 18,
185; reign of, 17, 113; opposes Lewis
of Bavaria, 18, 189; death of, 190
John (I) Zimisces, Emperor of the
East, 969-975 A. D.: reign of, 1, 367;
in Damascus, 369
John (V) Palasologus, Emperor of the
East,. 1341-1347 and 1355-1391: aided
by Orkhan, 14, 25; at war with Can-
tacuzene, 26; his fear of the Otto-
mans, 31; appeals to the Pope, 4,
276; asks aid of Louis the Great of
Hungary, 17, 152
John (1167-1216), King of England,
1199-1216: sent to Ireland, 11, no,
12, 54; revolts against Henry II, 9,
75, 11, no; usurps royal power, 11,
113; accession of, 9, 76, 11, 121; in-
vades Ireland, 12, 56; at war with
Philip II of France, 18, 160; his
relations with the Jews, 1, 420; his
relations with Scotland, 12, 266;
death of, 11, 129
John (II) the Good (d. 1364), King
of France, 1350-1364: reign of, 9,
95; accession of, 11, 164; defeated
and captured at Poitiers, 164; re-
leased, 167
John (I) Szapolyai, King of Hungary,
1526-1540; leads nobles in peasant
revolt, 17, 168; proclaimed king, 216;
seeks aid from Turkey, 14, 152;
death of, 159
John (I) Albert (1459-1501), King of
Poland, 1492-1501: reign of, 15,
377
John (II) Casimir (1609-1672), King
of Poland, 1648-1668: reign of, 15,
380; claims the throne of Sweden,
16, 207; aided by Frederick Wil-
liam of Brandenburg, 18, 300;
abandons his pretensions, 16, 210
John (III) Sobieski, King of Poland,
1674-1696: born at Olesko, Galicia,
June 2, 1624; at an early age distin-
guished himself by repelling the in-
vasions of the Cossacks, Tatars,
and Russians; was made grand mar-
shall and hetman of Poland, 1665;
defeated the Turks under Mahomet
IV and took the fortress of Kotzim,
1671; was elected King of Poland,
1674; went to the relief of Vienna,
which was besieged by the Turks,
1683; was successful and expelled
the Turks from the country; died,
June 17, 1696
Account of, 14, 6, 248; reign of,
15, 382; campaign against the Cos-
sacks, 14, 244; saves Vienna from
the Turks, 17, 184, 18, 303
John, Kings of Sweden: see Johan
John the Parricide (b. 12S9), Duke of
Austria; kills the Emperor Albert,
I3> 364; sketch of, 18, 185
John (1782-1859), Archduke of Aus-
tria: his campaign against the
French, 9, 317, 325, 18, 363; takes
command of the army of the Tyrol,
17. 293; defeated by the French,
336; his work in Vienna, 363; his
efforts to liberate Germany, 18, 382,
394; proclaimed vicar of the em-
pire, 17, 375, 18, 400
John (early 15th century), Duke of
Brabant: influence of, 13, 38; death
of, 40
John II (d. 1488), Duke of Bourbon:
claims guardianship of Charles VIII
of France, 9, 126
John the Fearless (1370-1419), Duke
of Burgundy before his accession to
Burgundy, known as the Duke of
Nevers: succeeds to county of
Burgundy, 13, 37; his campaigns
against the Turks, 9, 109, 13, 37, 14,
40; taken captive by Turks, 14, 43;
ransomed, 44; procures assassina-
tion of the Duke of Orleans, 9,
no, 11, 194; at war with the Count
of Armagnac, 9, no; forms alliance
with Henry IV of England, 11, 197;
marches to Paris, 199; uses cannon
in his army, 4, 256; at battle of
Azincourt, 9, in; death of, 11, 200,
13, 39
GENERAL INDEX
367
John (15th century), Duke of Cala-
bria: claims throne of Naples, 4, 265
John (14th century), son of Charles
IV, King of Germany: receives Lu-
satia, 18, 194
John (late 14th century), Count of
Gorlitz: aids the Emperor Vacslav,
17, 118
John (late 7th century), Roman pre-
fect: leads force against Arabs, 1,
307
John of Austria, Don (1546-1578), an
Austrian military and naval com-
mander: birth of, 8, 353; commands
Spanish forces against Turks, 4, 310;
heads maritime league, 14, 196; cap-
tures Tunis, 200; his campaign
against the Moriscos, 8, 371; at bat-
tle of Lepanto, 355; appointed re-
gent of the Low Countries, 8, 361,
13, 120; his governorship of the
Netherlands, 13, 125; at war with
Portugal, 8, 465; death of, 8, 361,
13, 131
John of Bavaria (early 15th century),
Bishop of Liege: reign of, 13, 38
John von Bubenberg (14th century),
a Swiss soldier: defends Laupen,
13, 374
John of Bruges (John van Eyck) (ca
1386-1440), a Flemish painter
sketch of, 13, 63
John of Gaunt (1340-1399), Duke o
Lancaster: invades France, 9, 104
11, 168; joins baronial and anti-
clerical party, 170; supports Wy-
cliffe, 172; claims throne of Castile,
181; marries Catherine Swynford,
183
John of Giscala (1st century A. D.), a
Jewish captain: leader of Jewish
revolt (67 A. D.), 1, 411
John de Grey (early 13th century),
English prelate, Bishop of Norwich:
chosen archbishop of Canterbury
11, 123
John of Leyden (1510-1536), an Ana-
baptist fanatic: sketch of, 18, 250;
leads uprising of Anabaptists, 9,
142
John of Luxemburg: see John, King
of Bohemia
John of Monte Corvino (early 14th
century), a Franciscan monk: his
career in the East, 5, 142
John of Nepomuck, Saint (d. 1393), a
Bohemian ecclesiastic: death of, 18,
198
John of Pomuk: see Pomuk, John of
John of Procida (13th century), a Ne-
apolitan revolutionist: leader of rev-
olutionary party in Sicily, 4, 257
John of Suabia: see John the Parri-
cide
John of Zeliv (15th century), an Aus-
trian monk: leads insurrection in
Prague, 17, 128; rules in Prague,
132
John the Marshal (12th century) : sues
Thomas a Becket, II, 102
John: see also Jean, Joam, Joan, Johan
and Juan
John Balliol (1249-1315), King of
Scotland: claims throne, 12, 271; ac-
cession of, 272
John Casimir (1 543-1 592), Count Pal-
atine: assists Dutch Protestants, 13,
131; director-in-chief in Sweden, 16,
181
John Castriot: see Castriot, John
John Cicero (late 15th century), Mar-
grave of Brandenburg: at the Diet
of Worms, 18, 226
John Frederick (1503-1554), Elector
of Saxony: sketch of, 18, 255, 258;
death of, 262
John George I (1 585-1656), Elector of
Saxony, 1611-1656: candidate for
Bohemian throne, 17, 205; his alli-
ance with the emperor, 18, 270,
272; his lands ravaged by the im-
perial forces, 276; unites with Gus-
tavus Adolphus, 280, 282; makes a
treaty with the emperor, 288
John George II (1613-1680), Elector
of Saxony, 1656-1680: policy of, 18,
299
John Maurice (17th century), Prince
of Nassau: in Brazil, 20, 60
John Philoponus (7th century), an Al-
exandrian scholar: intercourse with
Amru, 1, 296
John Sigismund (1572-1619), Elector
of Brandenburg, 1608-1619: in the
Succession of Cleves dispute, 18,
266
368
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
John William (d. 1609), Duke of
CI eves: death of, 18, 266
Johnsen, Nils (19th century), a Nor-
wegian explorer: explorations of,
16, 315
Johnson, Andrew (1808-1875), Presi-
dent of the United States, April 15,
1865-1869; nominated Vice-Presi-
dent, 24, 800; reviews Union troops
before disbandment, 814; takes oath
of office for President, 830; early
life, 831; threatens vengeance on
Southern leaders, 831; issues am-
nesty proclamation, 839; declares
rebellion at an end, 845; lays cor-
ner-stone of monument to Douglas,
846; Congress abridges powers of,
846; quarrels with Grant, 850, 861;
quarrels with Secretary Stanton,
850; impeached, 851; death, 855;
summary, 855
Johnson, Herschel V. (1812-1880), an
American politician: nominated for
Vice-President (i860), 24, 682
Johnson, Sir Nathaniel (d. 1713), an
English colonist: governor of South
Carolina, 23, yy; excludes dissenter
from Carolina assembly, 78
Johnson, Reverdy (1796-1876), an
American lawyer: concludes treaty
with England, 24, 882
Johnson, Richard Mentor (1780-1850)
an American politician: Tecumseh
slain by, 23, 425; nominated Vice-
President, 510; elected Vice-Presi-
dent, 51 1
Johnson, Samuel (1696-1772), an
American educator: president of
King's College, 23, 140
Johnson, Sir William (1715-1774), a
British commander: influence of,
23, 175; knighted, 183; leads expedi-
tion against Crown Point, 183; cap-
tures Fort Niagara, 192; concludes
treaty with Pontiac, 200
Johnston, Albert Sydney (1803-1862)
an American Confederate general:
commands forces at Bowling
Green, 24, 743; attempts to remove
him from command, 745; at battle of
Pittsburg Landing, 747; death, 748
Johnston, Alexander Keith (1844-
1879), a Scottish geographer: his
work in the Lake Nyasa region, 19,
238
Johnston, Sir Henry H. (1858 ),
an English traveler: obtains land
at Mount Kilimanjaro, 19, 132, 134;
quoted on German administration in
Africa, 261
Johnston, Joseph Eccleston (1807-
1891), an American general: at bat-
tle of Bull Run, 24, 734; advises
against attack on Washington, 736;
commands Confederate army, 757;
wounded, 759; succeeded by Lee,
760; commands at Jackson, 776;
succeeds Bragg, 786; generalship of,
794; opposes Sherman's march, 794;
his removal, 795; Lee's effort to
join, 810; surrenders to Sherman,
814
Joint High Commissions: 1, ap-
pointed for Alabama claims, 24,
883; 2, appointed to settle fur seal
controversy, 1020
Joinville, Frangois Ferdinand Philippe
Louis Marie d' Orleans, Prince of
(1818-1900), third son of Louis
Philippe: his expedition against
Mexico, 9, 413; his campaign in
Algiers, 423
Jokai, Maurus (1825-1904), a Hun-
garian novelist and politician: takes
part in the revolution of 1848 in
Hungary, 17, 368; publishes an ap-
peal against the Independents, 441
Jolo: see Sulu
Jomail ben Zeyan (ca. 1224), an An-
dalusian chief: revolt of, 8, 102
Jomsborg, Brotherhood of, a band of
Pagan Vikings who scourged the
Christian lands adjoining the Baltic
Sea: founding of, 16, 30; defeated
by Erik Sejrsael, 58
Jonadab ben Rechab (ca. 843 B. C),
founder of the sect of Rechabites:
aims of, I, 391
Jonas (7th century A. D.), a nobleman
of Damascus: betrays Damascenes
to the Saracens, I, 275
Jonas, Justus (1493-1555), a German
Protestant reformer: befriends
Luther, 18, 237; at the conference at
GENERAL INDEX
369
Marburg, 247; at Luther's deathbed,
252
Jonathan (nth century B. C), son of
Saul, prince of Israel: defeats the
Philistines at Gibea, 1, 382; friend-
ship of, for David, 383; death of,
384
Jonathan (d. 143 B. C), son of Matta-
thias, a Jewish high priest and
ruler: leader of Jewish revolt, 1,
406; becomes high priest, 407
Jones, Colonel (ca. 1650), governor of
Dublin: defeats Preston, 12, 122
Jones, Ernest (d. 1869), an English
barrister: leader of labor revolt, 11,
600
Jones, Inigo (1573-1652), English
architect: sketch of, 11, 419
Jones, John Paul, called Paul Jones,
a Scotch- American naval officer:
born at Arbigland, Scotland, July
6, 1747; was apprenticed to a ship-
master engaged in the American
trade, 1759; later became third mate
on a slaver, but grew disgusted with
the traffic and entered the West In-
dian service; emigrated to Virginia,
1773, and entered the colonial naval
service as senior lieutenant, 1775;
became captain, 1776, and comman-
der of the "Ranger," 1777; sailed
along the coast of Scotland, and
made an attack on Whitehaven,
1778; captured the "Drake"; was
put in command of the " Bon-
homme Richard " and some smaller
vessels, 1779; attacked the " Sera-
pis," and won the victory; received
a gold medal from Congress; en-
tered the service of Russia as rear-
admiral, 1788; died in Paris, July
18, 1792
His depredations round the Irish
coast, 12, 182; in the Russian serv-
ice, 15, 184; naval exploits of, 23,
290
Jonesboro, Georgia: Sherman seizes
railroad at, 24, 797
Jonsen, Rane (d. 1293), a Danish
rebel: execution of, 16, no
Jonsson, Bo (d. 1385), Swedish noble:
his rule in Sweden, 16, 109
Jonsson, Ture (16th century), Swedish
revolutionist: at the diet of Ves-
teraas, 16, 158
Joost, Jan (ca. 1600), a Dutch trader:
settles in Japan, 7, 135
Jordaens, Jacob (ca. 1593-1678),
Flemish painter: sketch of, 13, 220
Jordan (Jourdan) Camille (1771-1821),
a French politician: leader of the
doctrinaires, 9, 371; ridicule at-
tached to him, 10, 387
Jordanes (6th century A. D.), a
Gothic historian: his account of the
Visigoths, 16, 7
Jordebog, a Danish book of lands on
the lines of the English Doomsday
book: description of, 16, 89
Jornandes: see Jordanes
Jose I (d. 1777), King of Portugal:
reign of, 8, 471
Joseph I (1678-1711), Holy Roman
Emperor, 1705-1711: carries on the
War of Spanish Succession, 9, 222;
reign of, 17, 190, 18, 313; reign of,
as king of Bohemia, 17, 214; pro-
claimed unworthy of Hungarian
throne, 233; death of, 17, 234, 9, 224
Joseph II (1741-1790), Holy Roman
Emperor, 1765-1790, called The Ka-
lapos King: reign of, 13, 257, 17,
245, 264, 18, 347; offers mediation
on behalf of Turkey, 14, 332; allied
with Russia, 348; declares war on
Turkey, 352; visits Catherine of
Russia, 15, 174; his journey in the
Crimea, 184; death of, 13, 262, 14,
357
Joseph (ca. 1600), an English ex-
plorer: explorations of, 16, 304
Joseph Frederich (ca. 1883), a South
African chief: concludes treaty with
Liideritz, 19, 99
Joseph of Navaro (ca. 1740), French
admiral: at battle of Toulon, 9, 238
Josephine (Marie Joseph Rose de
Tascher de la Pagerie), Empress of
the French: born at Trois Islets,
Martinique, West Indies, June 24,
1763; married in France to the Vi-
comte de Beauharnais, 1779; was
the mother of Eugene Beauharnais
and of Hortense, the mother of Na-
poleon III; the vicomte was exe-
cuted and she imprisoned by the
370
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Jacobins, 1794; was released from
prison by the efforts of Madame
Tallien; married General Napoleon
Bonaparte, 1796; was crowned em-
press, 1804; was divorced by Na-
poleon, 1809; retired to Malmaison,
where she died May 29, 1814
Crowned, 9, 323; Napoleon re-
pudiates, 338
Josephstadt, Bohemia: built, 17, 252
Josephus, Flavius, a Jewish historian:
born at Jerusalem in 37 or 38 A. D.;
passed through the schools of the
three Jewish sects; spent three
years in the desert with the hermit
Banus; adopted the views of the
Pharisees and soon attained a
prominent position in Jewish so-
ciety; was sent to Rome on a dip-
lomatic errand, 63 A. D., and was
introduced to the Empress Poppsea,
who favored the Jews; during the
Jewish revolution, he commanded
in Galilee, but after the capture of
Jotapata, he was taken prisoner by
the Romans and remained in their
hands until the close of the war;
was present in the Roman army at
the destruction of Jerusalem and
accompanied Titus to Rome, where
he resided for the rest of his life;
as long as the Flavian family oc-
cupied the throne, he lived in great
splendor, but nothing is known of
his life after the death of Domitian,
96 A. D., and the date of his own
death is uncertain, although it is
probable that he was living in 103
A. D.
Commands Jewish forces, 4, 78;
spurned by the Jews, 80
Josetsu (ca. 1390), a celebrated Japa-
nese painter: sketch of, 7, 106
Joshua, the successor of Moses as
leader of the Israelites: conquests
of, 1, 377
Joshua: see Jason
Joshua of Scotland, The: see Robert
Bruce, King of Scotland
Josiah, King of Judah, 640-609 B. C:
defeated by the Egyptians, 1, 31;
reign of, 398
Josiah of his Country, or of England,
The: see Edward VI, King of Eng-
land
Jotapata, Galilee: siege of (67 A. D.),
1, 411
Joubert, Barthelemy Catherine (1769-
1799), a French general: put at the
head of the army of Italy, 10, 405;
death of, 408
Jourdan, Camille: see Jordan, Camille
Jourdan, Count Jean Baptiste (1762-
1833), French marshal: his cam-
paign against the allied forces, 9,
287, 10, 373, 18, 357, 360, 362; made
marshal of the empire, 322
Jourdenil (ca. 1792), French revolu-
tionist: leader of the commune, 10,
203
Jovellanos, Salvador, president of
Paraguay, 1871-1874: administration
of, 21, 161
Jovian (Flavius Claudius Jovianus),
Emperor of Rome, 363-364 A. D. :
reign of, 4, 127
Joyce, Comet George (17th century),
English soldier: conducts Charles I
to Newmarket, 11, 358
Joyeuse, Anne, Viscount de (1561-
1587), French marshal: at battle of
Courtras, 9, 162
Juafir (ca. 1780), Shah of Persia:
reign of, 5, 355
Juan I, King of Aragon, 1387-1395:
reign of, 8, 257
Juan II (d. 1479), King of Aragon,
1458-1479: marries Blanche of Na-
varre, 8, 261; accession to throne
of Navarre, 263; accession to throne
of Aragon, 265
Juan I, King of Leon and Castile,
1379-1390: reign of, 8, 172; usurps
throne, 173; marries Beatrix of Por-
tugal, 291; claims throne of Por-
tugal, 295
Juan II, King of Leon and Castile,
1406-1454; restores Mohammed VII
to throne of Granada, 8, 118; aids
revolt of Mohammed ben Ismail,
119; reign of, 175; his relations with
Alfonso V of Aragon, 263; attempts
to restore peace between the Moors
and Duarte of Portugal, 309
Juan I, King of Navarre, 1425-1479:
reign of, 8, 212
GENERAL INDEX
371
Juan II, King of Navarre: see Juan
II, King of Aragon
Juan (14th century), Infante of Spain:
claims regency, 8, 158; death of,
I", 253
Juan: see also Jean; Joam, Joan,
Johan, and John
Juan of Austria (b. 1629), son of
Philip V: career of, 8, 380
Juan de Lara, Don (early 14th cen-
tury), a Spanish noble: claims re-
gency of Alfonso XI, 8, 158
Juan el Tuerto, Don (14th century), a
Spanish noble: rebellion of, 8, 159
Juan Manuel, Don (14th century), a
Spanish noble: becomes regent for
Alfonso XI, 8, 159; influence of,
285
Juana (Joanna) (I479-I554), Queen of
Castile, 1504, called Crazy Jane:
reign of, 8, t88; becomes insane, 13,
53; acknowledged as queen, 8, 347;
death of, 351
Juana (16th century), daughter of
Emperor Charles V: marries Joam,
Infante of Portugal, 8, 439
Juana de Castro, Dona (14th century) :
her relations with Pedro the Cruel,
8, 162
Juana: see also Joanna
Juangs (Patuas), a tribe in India: de-
' scription of, 5, 29
Juarez, Benito Pablo (1806-1872)
Mexican soldier and statesman: at
war with the French, 9, 453; career
of, 22, 383; reelected president
(1861), 386; administration of, 399;
reelected president (1868), 401; Lib-
eral leader in Mexico, 24, 875, 877;
death of, 22, 402
Juarez, Law of, law in Mexico abol-
ishing whole system of class legis-
lation (1857), 22, 382
Juba (d. ca. 46 B. C), King of Nu-
midia: raises siege of Utica (49 B
C), 3, 342; fury of, 355; death, 359
Jubiles, Spain: massacre of (1568), 8
368
Jul, Leo (ca. 1530), Swiss reformer:
reforms of, 13, 445; translates the
Bible into German, 453
Judaea, kingdom in Palestine: Roman
conquest of, 4, 77
Judah, one of the tribes of Israel: con-
quest of, by Sennacherib, 1, 87; at-
tempts to win Canaan, 377
Judas Maccabaeus, Jewish hero, the
second of the five sons of Mattathias
the Hasmonean: succeeded his
father as commander and leader in
the struggle against Antiochus Epi-
phanes; gained decisive battles at
Bethhoron and Bethzur over the
Syrians; entered Jerusalem, Decem-
ber 25, 164 B. C, and reconsecrated
the temple; was defeated and slain
in battle, 160 B. C.
Leads Jewish revolt, 1, 406
Judges, The, rulers of Israel: rule of,
1, 378
Judices, the two-year kings in Rome:
power of, 3, 30
Judith (ca. 700 A. D.), Holy Roman
Empress: stands sponsor for Har-
ald Klak, 16, 25
Judith (ca. 820 A. D.), daughter of
Welf, Bavarian count: marries
Lewis the Pious, 18, 90
Judith (ca. 860 A. D.), daughter of
Charles the Bald: marries Baldwin,
Count of Flanders, 13, 20
Juel, Esger (ca. 1300), Archbishop of
Lund: appointment of, 16, 112
Juel, Just, Danish ambassador to Rus-
sia, 1710: in Russia, 15, 56
Juel, Niels (ca. 1675), Danish admiral:
defeats the Swedes, 16, 212
Jugurtha (d. 104 B. C), King of Nu-
midia: war with Rome, 3, 187; cap-
ture and death, 190
Juhlke, Dr. (19th century), German
explorer in Africa: his expedition to
Africa, 19, 130
Julia (39 B. C.-14 A. D.), daughter
of Augustus: marriages of, 4, 40;
banished, 42
Julia Domna (d. 217 A. D.), wife of
Severus, Roman Empress: death, 4,
104
Julian the Apostate (Flavius Claudius
Julianus) (331-363 A. D.), Emperor
of Rome, 361-363 A. D.: reign of, 4,
127; invades Persia, 5, 318; his
campaign in Gaul, 9, 14; aids the
Salian Franks, 13, 12
Julian, Cardinal (1398-1444), Italian
372
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
cardinal: in crusade against the
Turks, 14, 62, 65, 66; death of, 68
Julian, Count (ca. 650 A. D.), com-
mander of Goths: surrenders to
Saracens, I, 310; summons the
Saracens to Spain, 8, 47
Julian, George W. (19th century),
American politician: nominated for
Vice-President, 24, 621; joins lib-
eral movement, 890
Julian Calendar, the calendar bearing
the reforms of Julius Caesar, 3, 395
Julian Emperors, Augustus, Tiberius,
Caligula, Claudius, and Nero, Em-
perors of Rome: Greece under the,
2, S24
Julian Laws, laws passed by Lucius
Julius Caesar granting citizenship to
Italian communities: declared null
and void, 3, 312
Juliana Maria of Brunswick (ca.
i75o)> Queen of Denmark and Nor-
way: sketch of, 16, 239, 241
Julianus, Didius (ca. 200 A. D.), a
Roman politician: purchases throne,
4, 100
Juliers, Prussia: siege of (1610), 9,
177
Julius II, Pope, 1503-1513: imprisons
Caesar Borgia, 4, 291; calls Michael
Angelo to Rome, 297; requests aid
of Ferdinand V of Spain, 8, 192;
favors Spaniards in Italy, 9, 133;
grants dispensation for marriage of
Henry VIII and Catharine of
Aragon, 11, 231; joins Holy
League, 236; at war with France,
13, 421; his relations with the
League of Cambray, 18, 227; death
of, 9, 135
Julius III, Pope, I550-I555: at war
with the Duke of Parma, 9, 145;
grants absolution to Ferdinand I for
the murder of Martinuzzi, 17, 219
Julius (ca. 300 A. D.), Christian mar-
tyr: death of, 11, 14
July, Edict of (1561), granting am-
nesty to French Protestants (1561),
9, 152
Jumeyd (ca. 1500), Persian ruler:
power of, 5, 340
Jumna, a river of India: description
of, 5, 8
Jumna Canal, The Old, India: built,
5, 104
June, Battle of the First of: see First
of June, Battle of
Jung, Emil (19th century), a German
author: influences German coloni-
zation efforts, 19, 91
Jungay, Peru: battle of (1839), 21,
195
Junin, Peru: battle of (1825), 21, 73
Junot, Andoche (1771-1813), a French
general: his campaign in Portugal,
8, 527, 9, 332, 10, 474, 11, 562, 15,
253
Juntoku, Emperor of Japan, 121 1-
1222: plots against the Hojo fam-
ily, 7, 71
Jupiter Latiaris, in Roman mythol-
ogy, the supreme deity: worship of,
3, 9
Jurisprudence :
ARABIA: Arab idea of equity, 1,
196, 197; Mohammed introduces be-
nevolence as the foundation of jus-
tice, 215; the Koran the code of
civil and criminal law, 253
ASSYRIA: complete code (2250
B. C), 1, 112
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: municipal
code (1300), 17, 95; provisions in
16th century, 177; codes in 18th cen-
tury, 260, 270, 289, 303; code re-
modelled (1867), 402, 431
CHINA: codification of laws
(1370), 6, 28
CONGO FREE STATE: civil law
extended (1897), 19, 251
DENMARK: code in 1241, 16, 89
EGYPT: in the time of Ramses
III (1200 B. C), 1, 55, 57; judicial
courts in the 19th century, 39
ENGLAND: trials among the early
Britons, 11, 23; royal judicial courts
(12th century), 91; judicial reforms
under Henry II, 100; origin of ju-
ries (1166), 103; Edward I's ad-
ministration, 145; weakness of
courts, 209; courts under Henry
VII, 225; Habeas Corpus Act
(1679), 407; under the Tory reac-
tion (1680), 412; reform of the pe-
nal code (1823), 11, 575
FRANCE: systematized in 13th
GENERAL INDEX
878
century, 9, 82, 86; organization un-
der Charles VII, 119; reforms under
Louis XI, 126; codification of laws
(1614), 185; criminal laws revised
(1770), 249; decrees of assemblies
given a constitutional form (1791),
271; criminal courts, 10, 6; under
the Assembly, 117; the Code Napo-
leon, 10, 448, 11, 555; political laws
(1817), 9, 369, 375; to indemnify
dispossessed emigrants, 383; liberal
laws (1828), 387
GAUL: in the 6th century A. D.,
9, 23, 32
GERMANY: penal code (570 A.
D.), 18, 57; remodeled (1871), 433
GREECE: institutions of Lycurgus
in Sparta (800 B. C), 2, 62, 64;
laws of Draco at Athens (621 B.
C.)i 100; Solon's constitution at
Athens (594 B. C.) 104, 105; first
formal constitution under Philip of
Macedon, 480
ICELAND: code (930 A. D.), 16,
299
INDIA: under the direction of the
Brahmans (500 B. C), 5, 49, 71 J un-
der English control, 241
IRELAND: ancient Brehon law,
12, 22; St. Patrick's Code (438 A.
D.), 29; penal code and laws of re-
pression, 158, 160, 165; Emancipa-
tion Act (1829), 222
JAPAN: court regulations (1615),
7, 131; codification of criminal law
(1725), 145; laws of 1890, 185, 186
MEXICO: under the Aztecs, 22, 88
NETHERLANDS: laws systema-
tized, under Charles V, 13, 63; an-
cient laws of Holland replaced by
Code Napoleon (1810), 271
PERSIA: religious and secular law,
5 373
PORTUGAL: debtor's legal status,
8, 476
ROME: Publilian law (473 B. C),
3, 43; code of the Decemvirs (451
B. C.) 45; Canuleian law (445 B.
C.) 47; concessions to the plebe-
ians (367 B. C), 49; full citizenship
given to the colonies (268 B. C.),82;
Gracchan reforms (131-121 B. C.)i
175, 181; constitutional measures
(98 B. C), 202; the Sullan laws (88
B. C), 211, 233, 237; the monarchy
(1st century B. C), 394; under
Augustus, 4, 32; system of delation
under Tiberius, 49; codification of
laws improved (1st century A. D.),
103
RUSSIA: severity of the penal
code (1720), 15, 71; revision of the
Code under Catharine, 181
SCOTLAND: changes in, 12, 376
SOUTH AMERICA: Brazil under
the Empire (1824), 21, 171; reforms
of 1859 i n Chili, 219; French penal
code in Uruguay, 137
SPAIN: marriage laws under the
Visigothic monarchy, 8, 57
SWITZERLAND: legislative power
(1874), 13, 570
TURKEY: under Mohammed II
(1450), 14, 99; reform of courts at-
tempted (1869), 471
UNITED STATES: Blue Laws of
Connecticut, 23, 154; legal status
of slaves, 24, 584; penal code in
Alaska (1899), 20, 306; Philippine
Islands, 373
Jury, a certain number of men selected
according to law, and sworn to in-
quire into or to determine facts con-
cerning a cause or an accusation
submitted to them, and to declare
the truth according to the evidence
adduced: origin of, 11, 104
Just, The: see Louis XII and Louis
XIII, Kings of France
Justice, The Mirror of: see Victoria
Justices of the Peace, inferior or local
judges: origin of, 11, 179
Justin of Nassau (ca. 1550), Dutch
admiral: aids in the destruction of
the Armada, 13, 154; his campaign
against the Spanish, 210
Justinian the Great (Flavius Anicius
Justinianus), Emperor of the East,
525-565 A. D.: born at Tauresium,
Dardania, Illyricum, probably May
11, 483 A. D.; was educated by Jus-
tin I, his uncle, whom he succeeded;
was appointed commander of the
Asiatic armies, 520 A. D.; married
Theodora, an actress, 525 A. D.;
ascended the imperial throne, 527
374
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
A. D.; persecuted Arians, Jews, and
Pagans; his subjects rose in revolt,
532, during which the church of
St. Sophia was destroyed by fire;
he rebuilt the church in beautiful
style; under his direction, the cele-
brated jurist Tribonian revised the
Roman Law and published the
Codes, Pandects, and Institutions
of Justinian; he also made many
new laws, called Constitutiones
Novellae; his generals, Belisarius
and Narses, extended his dominions
by conquest; promoted the indus-
- tial arts; was the first to bring the
manufacture of silk into Europe;
died November 14, 565 A. D.
Reign of, 2, 532, 17, 16, 18, 48
Justinian, The English: see Edward
I, King of England
Justinian Code, a body of Roman
laws: compiled, 2, 532
Justinger, Konrad (ca. 1400), Swiss
historian: sketch of, 13, 427
Jutes, a German tribe: land in the Isle
of Thanet, 11, 17
Jutta (ca. 1250), Swedish nun: Valde-
mar marries, 16, 104
K 1
Kaabeljauws, a political faction of
Holland and Zealand: description
of, 13, 40 note
Kabayama, Rear Admiral (19th cen-
tury), Japanese naval officer: at bat-
tle of Yalu, 7, 266
Kabilovic, Milosh: see Milosh Ka-
bilovic
Kabir (ca. 1490), Hindu religious re-
former: teachings of, 5, 84
Kadashman-Kharhe I, King of Baby-
lonia, ca. 1450 B. C: death of, I,
78
Kadesh Barnea, on the southern
boundary of the East Jordan terri-
tory: headquarters of the wander-
ing Hebrews, I, 374
Kadesia, Persia: battle of (634 A. D.),
5, 322
Kadijah (6th century A. D.), a
widow of Mecca: marries Moham-
med, 1, 206
Kaffa, a part of eastern Africa: taken
by Turks (1456), 14, 84
Kaffirs, pagan African natives: de-
scription of, 20, 221
Kaffraria, South Africa: annexed to
Cape Colony, 19, 51
Kafur, Malik (ca. 1305), a eunuch
slave: campaigns of, 5, 100
Kagoshima, Japan: battle of (1863),
7, 164; captured by Saigo's forces
(1876), 182
Kagul, a river of the Crimea: battle
of (1770), 15, 177
Kaiekhos: see Kakau
K'aifeng Fu, China: fall of, 6, 50
Kai-Khatu (ca. 1330), Persian ruler:
introduces paper notes into Persia,
5, 102; reign of, 335
Kainardji, Peace of, between Russia
and Turkey (1774): account of, 14,
339, 342, 374
Kaineifu, China: captured by the Jap-
anese, 7, 118
Kai-ping, a town in Manchuria: bat-
tle of (1904), 7, 310
Kairwan, North Africa: founded, 19,
11
Kaiser, Jakob (d. 1529), a Swiss Re-
formed pastor: death of, 13, 442
Kakau, King of Egypt, 4100-4066 B.
C: reign of, 1, 15
Kakhovski (ca. 1825), a Russian revo-
lutionist: in the plot of the Deka-
brists, 15, 273
Kakoma, a German settlement in east
Africa: founded, 19, 90
Kalakaua (1836-1891), King of Ha-
waii, 1874-1891: visits Japan, 7, 191;
reign of, 20, 309
Kalapos King, The: see Joseph II,
Holy Roman Emperor
Kalb, Baron Johann de (1721-1780),
German soldier in American Conti-
nental army: services of, 23, 269
Kalidasa, father of Sanskrit drama:
sketch of, 5, 54
Kalinjar, India: siege of (1545), 5,
no
Kalisch, capital of Kalisch, Russian
Poland: battle of (1812), 15, 256
Kalisch, Treaty of, between Alexander
I of Russia, and Frederick William
of Prussia (1813), 15, 261
Kallias, Treaty of, between Persia and
Athens (449 B. C), I, 167
Kalm, Peter (1715-1779), a Swedish
botanist: predicts the Revolution,
23, 201
Kalstennius (19th century), a Swed-
ish naturalist: explorations of, 16,
324
Kamaherero (ca. 1885), a Damara
chief, Southwest Africa: accepts
German protection, 19, 173
1 For references not found under K, look under C
375
376
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Kamal, India: battle of (1738), 5, 353
Kamarun: see Cameron
Kambyses: see Cambyses
Kamehameha IV (1834-1863), King of
Hawaii, 1863-1872: death of, 20, 309
Kamenski, Count Michael Feodor-
ovitch (1735-1810), a Russian sol-
dier: takes Galatz, 15, 185
Kamerun: see Cameron
Karnes, Prince of Thebes, ca. 1580 B.
C: at war with the Hyksos, 1, 21
Kameyama, Emperor of Japan, ca.
1246: reign of, 7, 83
Kamimura, Admiral (19th century),
Japanese naval officer: defeats the
Vladivostok squadron, 15, 362
Kaminiets, Podolia, Russia: siege of
(1672), 14, 245
Kamon-no-Kami : see Ii Naosuke
Kanawha: see West Virginia
Kandahar, city of southern Afghanis-
tan: captured by the Moguls (1594),
5, 113; battle of (1880), 258; siege
of (i736-i737)> 352
Kandhs, a mountain tribe of India:
description of, 5, 31
Kane, Elisha Kent (1820-1857), an
American scientist and explorer:
explorations of, 16, 312
Kanem, Sudan, Africa: tributary to
Wadai, 19, 165
K'ang Yuwei (19th century), a Chi-
nese statesman: advocates reforms,
6, 275, 276, 290; reforms the civil
service, 291; escape of, 278, 293
K'anghsi, Emperor of China, ca.
1670: religious views of, 6, 39, 62;
offers prayer to Shangti, 70; dia-
mond jubilee and death of, 70; lit-
erary works of, 72
Kang-wa-seh, China: captured by the
Japanese, 7, 268
K'ang-yi (19th century), a Chinese
statesman: influence of, 6, 278; in
Boxer movement, 298; made grand
secretary, 302
Kanishka, Scythian king, ca. 15 B.
C.-45 A. D. : summons the Fourth
Council, 5, 61; reign of, 72
Kanisza, Hungary: battle of (1601),
17, 223
Kannaghunut Island, in Portland
channel, Alaska: awarded to United
States, 24, 1055
Kannuna-gawamimi: see Sui sei
Kano Masanobu (ca. 1460), a Japa-
nese painter: sketch of, 7, 106
Kano Oyenosuke (ca. 1460), a Japa-
nese painter: sketch of, 7, 106
Kanounnami, The, a code of Moham-
medan law on ecclesiastical and
temporal subjects, 14, 89
Kansas, a state of the United States,
means " Smoky Water " and is
called the Garden of the West: as
affected by Missouri Compromise,
23, 456; part of Northwest Terri-
tory, 24, 631; struggle for, 646; Mis-
souri slave code adopted, 648; effect
of Dred Scott decision, 661; account
of trouble respecting slavery, 661;
opposes negro suffrage, 858; Presi-
dential election of 1892, 993; Presi-
dential election of 1900, 1040
Kansas-Nebraska Bill, in United
States history, a slavery compro-
mise (1854): main treatment, 24,
629; modifies Missouri Compromise,
660
Kansu Ghawri, Sultan of Egypt, ca.
1500: at war with Turkey, 14, 129
Kanzelparagraph, in German history,
a law forbidding the clergy to use
their position for political purposes
(1872), 18, 441
Kaoti, Emperor of China, ca. 200 B.
C. : his rise to power, 6, 12
Kapar, Chief of the Libyans, ca. 1200
B. C: defeated by the Egyptians, 1,
28
Kaplan Ghirai, Khan of the Crimea,
ca. 1750: deposed, 14, 307; collects
Tartar host, 329; his campaign
against the Russians, 15, 176
Kappel, Switzerland: battle of (1531),
13, 444; charter of, 445
Kappel, Peaces of, concluded between
the Catholic and Protestant states of
Switzerland: (1529), 13, 4435 (iS3l),
445
Kapunda Mines, South Australia:
sketch of, 20, 195
Kara Djehennin: see Ibrahim the
Devil
GENERAL INDEX
377
Kara George: see Czerny George
Kara Mustapha (d. ca. 1645), Grand
Vizier of Ibrahim: account of, 14,
226
Kara Mustapha (d. 1683), Grand Viz-
ier of the Turkish Empire: ac-
count of, 14, 247;, besieges Vienna,
17, 184, 230, 18, 303
Kara Theodori Bey (ca. 1850), a
Turkish envoy: at Berlin Congress,
14, 487
Karafeto: see Sakalin
Karakozov (ca. 1850), a Russian con-
spirator: his attempt to assassinate
the tsar, 15, 339
Karamzin, Nicholas Mikhailovitch
(1765-1826), Russian author: ac-
count of, 15, 195, 269
Karasi, Asia Minor: conquest of, 14,
23
Karat (ca. 750 A. D.), Prince of the
Slovenes: becomes vassal of the
Frankish monarch, 17, 37
Karazaridji: see Abdul Hamid
Kardis, Peace of, concluded between
Sweden and Russia (1661), 16, 211
Karelia, Finland: acquired by Sweden,
15, 21; passes to Russia, 65
Karema, Africa: founded, 19, 63
Karim (ca. 1800), Indian chief: leads
Pindari revolt, 5, 208
Karkar (Croer), Syria: battle of (854
B. C.), 1, 80, 84, 123, 390
Karl (1804-1873), Duke of Brunswick:
deposed, 18, 395
Karl (VIII) Knudsson (d. 1470), King
of Sweden, 1448-1457 and 1467-1470:
joins the popular cause, 16, 128;
proclaimed king, 132; driven from
Sweden, 133; recall of, 134
Karl: see also Charles
Karl Gustaf of the Palatinate: see
Charles (X) Gustavus, King of
Sweden
Karl Johan: see Charles X, King of
Sweden
Karl Leopold (18th century), Duke of
Mecklenburg: marries Catherine,
IS, 92
Karl Ludwig (late 19th century),
Archduke of Austria: renounces
succession to throne, 17, 456
Karl Philip (early 17th century),
Prince of Sweden: declared Rus-
sian heir-presumptive, 16, 173; Gus-
tavus Adolphus champions the
claim of, 177
Karlmann (ca. 725 A. D.), son of
Pippin I and King of the Franks:
reign of, 9, 41, 18, 77, 78
Karlmann (d. 884 A. D.), Frankish
king: reign of, 9, 52, 18, 96
Karlmann (ca. 750 A. D.), son of
Charles Martel: career of, 9, 38, 18,
75
Karlovo, Bulgaria: destruction of, 15,
334
Karlstad Agreement, The, an agree-
ment between Norway and Sweden,
recognizing the independence of
Norway (1906), 16, 287
Karlstadt, Fortress of, Austria-Hun-
gary: built, 17, 223
Karmat (ca. 900 A. D.), an Arabian
preacher: teachings of, 1, 361
Karnawu (Kama), Arabia: made cap-
ital of the kingdom of Ma'in, 1, 185
Karo-la, Tibet: battle of (1904), 5,
298
Kars, Russia: sieges of (1828), 15,
281; (1877), 14, 484, 15, 335
Karthada: see Carthage
Kasagi, Mount: see Mount Kasagi
Kaschan: see Kassa
Kashmir, Indian state under British
suzerainty: conquered by the Mo-
guls (1587-1592), 5, 113
Kasim (ca. 710 A. D.), Mohammedan
ruler: his campaign in India, 5, 88
Kass, Niels (ca. 1600), Danish chan-
cellor: his relations with Christian
IV of Denmark, 16, 199
Kassa (Kaschan), Austria-Hungary:
battle of (1601), 17, 224
Kassakovski, Bishop (d. 1793), Rus-
sian prelate: death of, 15, 190
Kassala, Africa: captured by the Ital-
ians (1894), 19, 208; restored to
Egypt, 248
Kasshu: see Cassites
Kastemouni, Turkey: annexed by
Bayezid, 14, 38
Katerina (ca. 1660), Countess Pala-
tine, sister of Gustavus Adolphus:
378
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
educates Charles X of Denmark,
16, 210
Katerina Jagellonica (ca. 1575), Queen
of Sweden: favors the Catholic
Church, 1 6, 164
Katherine or Katharine: see Catha-
rine or Catherine
Katkov, Michael (1820-1887), Russian
journalist: policy of, 15, 341; death
of, 344
Kato Kiyomasa (ca. 1600), Japanese
soldier: his campaign against
Korea, 7, 116; at battle of Sekiga-
hara, 123
Katsura, Viscount, Japanese minister:
made minister of the navy (1906),
7, 220; made premier, 230; his cam-
paigns in the Chino-Japanese War,
267
Katte, Hans Hermann von (d. 1740),
Prussian military officer: career of,
18, 327
Katzbach, Germany: battle of (1813),
9, 343, 18, 383
Kaufmann, Konstantin Petrovitch
(1818-1882), Russian general: his
campaign in Khiva, 5, 256
Kaulbars, Alexander, Baron (1844-
), Russian general: his services
in the Russo-Japanese War, 7, 312
Kaundjik, Turkey: Turkish defeat at
(1444), 14, 65
Kaunitz, Wenzel Anton, Prince von
(1711-1794), Austrian statesman: at-
tacks Jacobins, 10, 166 note; policy
of, 15, 142; career of, 17, 242; given
charge of foreign affairs in the
hereditary provinces, 258; negotia-
tions of, 18, 334
Kavanagh, Art Mac Murrogh (1357-
1417), King of Leinster, 1375-1417:
career of, 12, 67
Kavanagh, Donall (ca. 1169), son of
Dermot: joins the English invaders,
12, 49
Kavarna, Bulgaria: taken from Turks
(1444), 14, 65
Kawamura Sumiyoshi (19th century).
Japanese naval officer: attempts to
crush rebellion of Saigo, 7, 179, 180
Kayounhissar (Baphoeum), Turkey:
battle of (1301), 14, 17
Kazan, Russia: conquest of (1550),
15, 15; plundered by Pugatchev,
169; battle of (1774), 170
Kazars, The, tribe of Turkish no-
mads: border warfare of, 15, 6, 7
Kazimir, Prince (ca. 1450), brother of
King of Poland: invades Bohemia,
17, 142
Kearney, Dennis (19th century), Irish
labor agitator in California: leader
of Chinese agitation, 24, 920
Kearneyism: see Kearney, Dennis
Kearny, Philip (1815-1862), Amer-
ican general: in the Mexican War,
22, 289; assembles volunteers at
Leavenworth, 24, 548; captures
Santa Fe, 549; death of, 763
"Kearsarge," American battleship:
sinks the " Alabama," 24, 881
Keble, John (1792-1866), English
clergyman and poet: publishes his
" Christian Year," 11, 611
Kegushagushu, Korea: captured by
the Japanese, 7, 117
Kehl, Baden: taken by the French,
18, 323
Keigwin, Richard (ca. 1685), English
naval officer: leads insurrection in
Bombay, 5, 167
Keiko, Emperor of Japan, first cen-
tury B. C. : reign of, 7, 9
Keilah, Israel: captured by David, 1,
383
Keishoki: see Shokei
Keith, James Francis Edward (1696-
!758), Scottish general: in the
Seven Years' War, 18, 338
Keith, Robert (ca. 1760), English
minister at Vienna: at Vienna, 15,
144; envoy to Russia, 148; quoted,
152, 156; retires, 161
Keller, General (1854-1904), Russian
soldier: his attempt to recapture
Mo-tien-ling Pass, 15, 361
Keller, Augustin (ca. 1840), Swiss
politician: proposes the dissolution
of the religious houses, 13, 548
Keller, Ferdinand, Swiss antiquarian
of 19th century: sketch of, 13,
584
Keller, Gottfried, Swiss poet of 19th
century: sketch of, 13, 584
GENERAL INDEX
379
Keller, Heinrich (ca. 1810), Swiss
geographer: publishes his maps, 13,
521
Keller, Ludwig (ca. 1830), Swiss re-
former: joins moyement for revi-
sion of the confederation, 13, 539
Kellermann, Frangois Christophe
(1735-1820), French marshal: his
campaigns in the Franco-Austrian
War, 9, 276, 18, 356; at battle of
Waterloo, 363
Kellin, Colonel (ca. 1710), Russian of-
ficer: defends Poltava, 15, 51
Kellogg, William Pitt (1831 ),
American politician: in contest for
governorship, 34, 872 note; in-
dictment of, 937
Kells, Ireland: battle of (1397), 12, 68
Kelly, James Graves (ca. 1898), Brit-
ish soldier in India: his campaign
for the relief of Chitral, 5, 278
Kemal Reis (ca. 1500), a Turkish ad-
miral: sketch of, 14, 113
Kernel Pasha Zade (ca. 1500), Turk-
ish jurist: favored by Selim I, 14,
119
Kemenyi, John (ca. 1650), Prince of
Transylvania: reign of, 17, 228
Kemp (ca. 1800), an Arctic explorer:
explorations of, 16, 334
Kempen, Prussia-: battle of (1641), 9,
194
Kempf, Louis (1841 ), an Ameri-
can admiral: commands the fleet in
China, 6, 301
Kendall, Amos (1789-1869), an Ameri-
can politician: as Jackson's literary
adviser, 23, 485; quoted on exclu-
sion of abolition literature from the
mails, 24, 576
Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia: battle
of (1864), 24, 793; political effect of
repulse at, 801
Kenly, John R. (ca. 1850), an Ameri-
can soldier: in the Mexican War,
22. 373
Kenmure (d. 1716), Scottish noble:
supports claims of the Old Preten-
der, 12, 362
Kennebec River, Maine: boundary of
grant to Gorges and Mason, 23, 95
Kenneth (I) MacAlpin (d. 860 A. D.),
King of Scotland, 844-860 A. D.:
reign of, 13, 253
Kennilworth, castle of Simonde Mont-
fort: surrendered to Baronial party,
II, 138
Kensington Martyr, The: see Caro-
line, wife of George IV of England
Kent, England: conquered by the
Jutes, 11, 18; ravaged by William
the Conqueror, 67
Kent, Edmund, Earl of: see Plantag-
enet, Edmund, Earl of Kent
Kent, James (ca. 1800), an American
jurist: career of, 23, 481
Kentigern, Saint (518-603 A. D.), pa-
tron saint of Glasgow: revives Chris-
tianity among the Welsh, 12, 252
Kentucky, a State of the United
States, means " dark and bloody
ground " and is called the Corn
Cracker State: Scotch-Irish and
Germans settle, 23, 126; admitted,
2 3. 357, 2 4, 567; riflemen of, at New
Orleans, 23, 428; slave state, 452;
opposes protection, 472; votes for
Clay as President, 499; state elec-
tion of 1855, 24, 646; native state of
Lincoln, 665; Presidential election
of i860, 683; Confederates attempt
to win adhesion of, 721; military
operations in (1862), 742; Bragg's
plan for invading, 773; opposes Lin-
coln's reelection, 802; Presidential
election of 1896, 1018; Presiden-
tial election of 1904, 1072
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions on
Constitutional rights (1798): pre-
pared by Jefferson, 23, 378; senti-
ment of Hartford convention com-
pared to, 432
Kenyer-Meso, Transylvania: battle of
(1479), 17, 164
Keogh, John (ca. 1800), an Irish poli-
tician: leader of the Democratic
party, 12, 199; his efforts for Catho-
lic emancipation, 221
Keogh, Matthew (d. 1798), an Irish
rebel: death of, 12, 213
Kepler, Johann (1571-1630), a German
astronomer: his relations with
Tycho Brake, 16, 198; encouraged
by Rudolf II of Germany, 18, 263
380
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Keppel, Augustus, Viscount (1725-
1786), an English admiral: in battle
with Orvilliers, 9, 254
Keppel, Sir Harry (ca. 1850), an Eng-
lish naval officer: his attack on
native junks, 6, 161
Keratry, Count Emile de (1832 ),
a French politician: in the Franco-
Prussian War, 18, 425
Kerbela, Asiatic Turkey: battle of, I,
249; siege of (1843), 5, 361
Kerckhoven, Van der (19th century),
Dutch commissioner to Africa: his
dealings with the Arabs, 19, 121
Kerguelen, Yves Joseph de (1745-
1797). a French navigator: explora-
tions of, 16, 332
Kerim Khan, ruler of Persia, 1760-
1779: reign of, 5, 355
Kermian (ca. 1400), Turkish prince:
reinstated by Timur, 14, 52
Keroualle, Louise de: see Portsmouth,
Duchess of
Kerr, George (ca. 1600), Scottish in-
triguer: leader of the Catholic party
in Scotland, 12, 327
Kerrl, Michael (ca. 1850), an Ameri-
can politician: Speaker of the
House, 24, 897
Kersten, Otto (ca. 1850), a Dutch ex-
plorer: explorations of, 19, 54
Kertch, in the Crimea: taken by the
English (1855), 15, 321
Kesselring, Kilian (ca. 1650), a Swiss
official: imprisonment of, 13, 464
Kesselsdorf, Germany: battle of
(1745), 18, 331
Kessler, John (ca. 1525), a Swiss
writer: reforms of, 13, 439
Ket, Robert (d. 1549), an English
rebel: rebellion of, II, 266
Ketilmundsson, Mats (ca. 1300), re-
gent of Sweden: persuades the peo-
ple to accept Magnus Smek, 16, 107
Ketteler, Baron Von (d. 1900), Ger-
man minister to China: murdered,
6, 282, 301, 7, 280; memorial tablet
to, 6, 285
Kettlesson, Erik (ca. 1375), a Swed-
ish leader: leads the Swedish forces,
16, 121
Keulens, Van (ca. 1700), Dutch ex-
plorer: aids geographic science, 16,
305
Kexholm, Finland: surrender of
(1597), 16, 168
Key, Francis Scott (1780-1843), an
American poet: author of "Star
Spangled Banner," 23, 427
Key of Russia, The: see Smolensko
Key of the Mediterranean, The: see
Gibraltar
Keymis, Lawrence (d. 1617), an Eng-
lish explorer: his expeditions to
South America, 31, 31
Keystone State, The: see Pennsylva-
nia
Khabash, Egyptian ruler (ca. 500 B.
C.) : rebellion of, I, 32
Khafra (Khephren), King of Egypt,
of the 4th dynasty: reign of, I, 16
Khaibar, Arabia: siege of (628 A. D.),
1, 229
Khaibar Rifles, modern Indian regi-
ment: organized, 5, 281
Khaireddin Pasha: see Barbarossa,
Khaireddin
Khalar Mirza (ca. 1875), a Persian
commander: flies before English
forces, 5, 364
Khalid (d. 642 A. D.), a Saracen gen-
eral: at battle of Mount Ohud, 1,
227; joins the standard of Moham-
med, 231; at the battle of Muta,
234; in battle against Moseilama,
255; his campaigns in Persia, 1, 259,
5, 322; conquers Bosra, 1, 269; brav-
ery of, 269; at battle of Aiznadin,
271; at the battle of Yermuk, 281; at
the siege of Aleppo, 285; death of,
288
Khalifa, Sultan (ca. 1875), an African
chieftain: leases land to the Ger-
mans, 19, 139; concludes treaties
with the English, 185
Khalil Pasha (ca. 1770), Grand Vizier
of Turkey: account of, 14, 329; his
campaign against the Russians, 15,
176
Khalule, Elam: battle of (693 B. C),
1,88
Khama, a native chief of British
Bechuanaland, Africa: concludes a
treaty with the British, 19, 82
GENERAL INDEX
381
Khan, Amir (ca. 1815), a Pindaric
captain, central India: leads Pin-
dari revolt, 5, 208
Khartoum, a city of Nubia: siege of
(1884), 1, 40, 11, 635
Khazars (Chazars), a people of cen-
tral Asia: converted to Judaism, 1,
416
Kherrmitzer, Ivan Ivanovitch (1745-
1784), Russian writer: value of his
work, 15, 192
Kheops: see Khufu
Khephren: see Khafra
Kheraskov, Michael (1733-1806), a
Russian epic poet: account of, 15,
192
Khilji Dynasty, a line of Afghan rul-
ers in India (1290-1321): rules Del-
hi, 5, 98
Khomasbolos, mythical King of Baby-
lon: reign of, I, 73
Khorasan, a province of northeastern
Persia: conquered by the Arabs, 1,
263
Khotinski (ca. 1760), a Russian
statesman: mission of, 15, 159
Khozrev Mirza (ca. 1830), son of
Abbas Mirza, a Persian prince: at
the Russian court, 15, 283
Khsathrita: see Phraortes
Khu-en-Aten: see Amenophis IV
Khufu (Kheops), King of Egypt, ca.
2750 B. C. : reign of, 1, 16
Khurrem ("ha Rossa " or Roxalana),
wife of Suleiman the Great of Tur-
key: her influence over Suleiman,
14, 167
Khusru (ca. 1150), King of Ghazni:
defeated, 5, 94
Khusru (I) Anushirwan, King of Per-
sia, 531-579 A. D.: reign of, 5, 319
Khusru (II) Parviz, King of Persia,
591-628 A. D.; invades Egypt, 1, 35;
reign of, 5, 320
Khusru Khan (ca. 131 1), a low-caste
Hindu: usurps the throne of Delhi,
5, 101
Kiaochow, China: seized by Germany,
6, 264, 272, 296, 20, 301
Kibalchich, N. (d. 1881), Russian con-
spirator in plot against Alexander
II: execution of, 15, 339
Kibi-no-Makibi (ca. 710 A. D.), a
Japanese scholar: scholarship of, 7,
34
Kickapoo Indians, a tribe of Ameri-
can Indians: belong to Algonquian
stock, 23, 8
Kidd, Captain William (d. 1701), a
renowned pirate: account of, 23,
106; death of, 20, 69
Kido Takakotoi (ca. 1870), a Japa-
nese statesman: persuades the lord
of Choshu to surrender his feudal
domains to the crown, 7, 174
Kieff (Kiev), a province of south-
western Russia: the Jerusalem of
Russia, 6, 18; adopts Christianity,
8; the grand prince withdraws from,
9; passes to the Lithuanians, 11; re-
stored to Russia, 22; becomes the
seat of the grand prince, 15, 7
Kieft, William (1600-1647), Dutch
governor of New York: governor-
ship of, 23, 103; disputes with
Swedes, 108
Kiel, Treaty of, between Denmark,
Sweden and Great Britain (1814),
16, 254, 258
Kiellmansegg, Count (19th century),
Austrian statesman: premier of
Austria, 17, 433
Kiev: see Kieff
Kikin (d. 1721), a Russian conspira-
tor: death of, 15, 76
Kilah-Sherghat : see Asshur
Kildare, Garret Fitzgerald, Earl of (d.
1513), an Irish nobleman: made lord
lieutenant of Ireland, 12, 72, 76, 77;
supports claims of Lambert Simnel,
11, 225; deprived of office, 227; re-
appointed lord lieutenant, 228
Kildare, Gerald Fitzgerald, Earl of
(d. 1583), Irish nobleman: career of,
12, 80
Kildare, War of, an Irish uprising in
1224, 12, 57
Kilkenny, Confederation of, a con-
federation of the two Catholic par-
ties in Ireland, the Old Irish and
the Old Anglo-Irish Catholics
(1642), 12, 119
Kilkenny, Statute of, a statute passed
by the English Parliament, to keep
the English in Ireland apart from
the Irish, 12, 64
382
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Killiecrankie, a pass in Perthshire,
Scotland: battle of (1689), 11, 436,
12, 352
Kilwa, a seaport in German East Af-
rica: founded, 19, 13
Kimberley, Cape Colony, Africa: dis-
covery of diamonds at, 19, 275;
siege of (1900), II, 641, 20, 233
Kimbolton, Lord: see Montagu, Ed-
ward, Earl of Manchester
Kimmerians: see Cimmerians
Kinburn, a former fortress of Russia:
siege of (1787), 15, 184
Kin-chow, a town of Manchuria: cap-
tured by the Japanese (1894), 7,
268; (1904), 15, 361
Kinderhook, New York: birthplace of
Van Buren, 23, 511
King, a title of royalty: origin of the
title in England, II, 23
King, The Black: see Henry III, Holy
Roman Emperor
King, The Citizen: see Louis Philippe,
King of France
King, The Kalapos: see Joseph II,
Holy Roman Emperor
King, The Martyr: see Henry VI,
King of England; also Charles I,
King of England; also Louis XVI,
King of France
King, The Paper: see Law, John
King, The Red: see William (II) Ru-
fus, King of England; also Otto II,
Holy Roman Emperor
King, The Sailor: see William IV,
King of England
King, The Seven Days' see Masaniello
King, The Winter: see Frederick V,
Count Palatine and King of Bo-
hemia
King, Rufus (1755-1827), an American
statesman: in Constitutional Con-
vention, 23, 323; member of Massa-
chusetts ratifying convention, 336;
in first Congress, 343; candidate for
Vice-President (1800), 403; candi-
date for Vice-President (1804), 414;
nominated for President, 434
King, William Rufus (1786-1853), an
American statesman: nominated for
Vice-President, 24, 619
King George's War, between Great
Britain and its American colonies,
and France and its Indian allies
(1744-1748): causes, 23, 163; treaty
of Aix-la-Chapelle, 166; results, 166
King Hob: see Bruce, Robert, King of
Scotland
King Hulan: see Alfonso XII, King
of Spain
King of Bourges, The: see Charles
VII, King of France
King of Fire, The: see Napoleon (I)
Bonaparte, Emperor of the French
King of Scotland, Leper: see Bruce,
Robert, King of Scotland
King of Terror, The: see Robespierre,
Maximilien Marie Isidore
King of the Barricades: see Louis
Philippe, King of France
King of the Sea: see Edward III,
King of England
King Philip's War, between New
England colonists, and the confed-
erated Indians: cause of (1675-
1676), 23, 97
King Smith: see Louis Philippe, King
of France
King William's War, between Great
Britain and France in America
(1689-1697): cause of, 23, 157; bat-
tles of Salmon Falls, 158; of York,
159; Treaty of Ryswick, 159
Kinglake, Alexander William (1809-
1891), an English historian: his
book on the Crimean War, 15, 311
King-Maker, The: see Warwick, Rich-
ard Neville, Earl of
King's Bench, Court of, in English
history, a court to deal with crim-
inal offenses reserved for the king's
judgment; established, 11, 145
King's College: see Columbia Univer-
sity
King's Mountain, South Carolina: bat-
tle of (1780), 23, 279
Kings and Nations, The Battle of: see
Leipsic, battle of (1813)
Kings of England, Leper: see Henry
III and Henry IV, Kings of Eng-
land
Kingston, Canada: in French claims,
23, 168; made capital of Canada
(1840), 20, 158
GENERAL INDEX
383
Kiniszy (ca. 1480), a Hungarian sol-
dier: heroism of, 17, 164
Kino, Father (ca. 1680), Jesuit priest:
accompanies an expedition to Cali-
fornia, 22, 178
Kinoshita Hideyoshi': see Toyotomi
Hideyoshi
Ki-no-Tsurayuki (ca. nth century),
Japanese poet: compiles the " Ko-
kinshu," 7, 43
Kinsale, a small seaport of County
Cork, Ireland: battles of (1601), 8,
375, 12, 101; (1602), 12, 102
Kinshun, General (ca. i860), a Chinese
general: his campaign against the
rebels of central Asia, 6, 218
Kinsky, Count (ca. 1700), an Austrian
statesman: minister to Turkey, 14,
268
Kinsky, Count (ca. 1774), a Bohemian
nobleman: urges the development
of the Bohemian language, 17, 341
Kirk, Sir David (1596-1655), a Scotch
soldier: his campaign in Canada, 20,
83
Kirk, Sir John (b. 1832), a Scotch
statesman: his work in Africa, 19,
55; his influence in Africa, 84; sketch
of, 131; resignation of, 136
Kirke, Percy (1646-1691), an English
soldier: brings supplies to Derry, 12,
137
Kirkpatrick, James Achilles (ca. 1805),
English resident at Haidarabad, In-
dia: sketch of, 5, 202
Kirkpatrick, William (1754-1812),
Englishman in Indian civil service:
military secretary for Wellesley, 5,
202
Kirkwood, Samuel J. (ca. 1877),
American politician: member of the
Senate, 24, 916; in Garfield's cabi-
net, 932 note
Kirman, Persia: siege of (1794), 5, 356
Kisfaludy, Alexander (1779-1844),
Hungarian poet: aids Hungarian
language, 17, 333; arouses the Hun-
garian nation, 334; attempts to re-
vive the glories of Hungary, 337
Kisfaludy, Charles (1788-1830), Hun-
garian dramatist and novelist: at-
tempts to revive the glories of Hun-
gary, 17, 337
Kish, Babylon: battle of (701 B. C),
I, 87
Kishen, China: career of, 6, 134, 137
Kishinev, Russia: massacres at, 15,
358
Kistler, Peter, mayor of Berne, ca.
1470: sketch of, 13, 413
Kitabatake Akiiye (ca. 1340), Japa-
nese officer: his campaign against
Ashikaga Takauji, 7, 88
Kitabatake Chikafusa (ca. 1340),
Japanese soldier and imperialist: his
campaign against the Hojo, 7, 90
Kitabatake Mitsumasa (ca. 1390),
Japanese insurrectionist: declares
war against Ashikaga Yoshimochi,
7, 93
K' itan Tartars, tribe of Chinese war-
riors: description of, 6, 16
Kitano-no-Tenjin: see Sugawara-no-
Michizane
Kitchen Cabinet, group of American
politicians: Jackson's advisors so
named, 23, 485
Kitchener, Horatio Herbert, Viscount
Kitchener (1850 ), British sol-
dier: his campaign against Nubia, 1,
40; commander-in-chief in India, 5,
305; his campaign in the Soudan, II,
638, 19, 266, 272, 20, 233
Kittanning, Pennsylvania: destroyed
by English, 23, 184
Kiuprili, Hussein (d. 1702), Grand
Vizier of Turkey: account of, 14,
264
Kiuprili, Nuouman (ca. 1710), Grand
Vizier of Turkey: overthrow of, 15,
58
Kiuprili, Zade Mustapha (d. 1691),
Grand Vizier of Turkey: account of,
14, 257; death of, 261
Kiuprili Ahmed (d. 1676), Grand
Vizier of Turkey, 1661-1676: ap-
pointed, 14, 235; estimate of, 246;
his campaign in Hungary, 17, 228
Kiuprili Mohammed (d. 1661), Grand
Vizier of Turkey, 1656-1661 : account
of, 14, 232
Kiying (ca. 1842), Chinese official: at
Nanking, 6, 141; at Canton, 144, 147;
dismissed from office, 156
Kiyomori, Taira-no-: see Taira-no-
Kiyomori
384.
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Kizi-Kermen, Russia: siege of (1695),
15, 32
Kizil-Tepe, Turkey: battle of (1877),
15, 335
Klaazoon, Vice Admiral (ca. 1606),
Dutch naval officer: bravery of, 13,
183
Klapka, Gyorgy (1820-1892), Hun-
garian soldier: surrenders to the
Russians, 17, 372; enters Turkish
service, 419
Kleber, Jean Baptiste (1753-1800),
French soldier: commands army in
Egypt, 9, 310, 14, 383; concludes the
Convention of El-Arisch, 9, 317
Klingspor, Count (ca. 1810), Russian
commander of Finnish army: his
campaign against Russia, 15, 216
Klissovo, Russia: battle of (1702), 15,
80, 16, 216
Klondike, the region near the river
of the same name in Northwest
Territory, Canada: opening of, 20,
307; discovery of gold, 24, 1021
Klopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb (1724-
1803), German poet: influence of,
18, 332, 353, 381
Klosterseven, Convention of, compact
between the Due de Richlieu and
the Duke of Cumberland (1757), 9,
245
Klus, Switzerland: battle of (1632),
13, 404
Knaerad, Treaty of, a treaty between
Denmark and Sweden (1613), 16,
176
Kneller, Sir Godfrey (1646-1723), Ger-
man English portrait painter: paints
portrait of Peter the Great, 15, 35
Knickerbocker State, The: see New
York State
Knife, Sharp: see Jackson, Andrew
Knight, a term of chivalry: introduc-
tion of term, n, 74
Knight, The Raven: see Hunyadi,
John
Knights Bachelors of England, sub-
tenants of the barons: appeal to
Prince Edward, 11, 139
Knights' Case, The Five, a test case
during the reign of Charles I (1627),
11, 323
Knights' House: see Riddarhus
Knights of Labor, anarchist society
in Chicago (1888), 24, 961
Knights of Malta: see Malta, Knights
of
Knights of St. John: see St. John,
Knights of
Knipperdolling, Bernhard (d. 1536),
German Anabaptist: excesses of, 16,
155
Knockdoe, Ireland: battle of (1496),
12, 76
Knocknanuss, Ireland: battle of
(1647), 12, 123
Knorring, General (ca. 1800), Russian
soldier: his campaign against the
Swedes, 15, 216
Know-Nothing Party, an American
political society: methods, 24, 644;
decline, 646; convention at Phila-
delphia (1856), 652
Knox, Henry (1750-1806), American
statesman and soldier: estimate of,
23, 234; Secretary of War, 344;
made major-general, 375
Knox, John, Scottish reformer, called
the Apostle of Presbytery: born at
Gifford, in East Lothian, Scotland,
1505; was educated at the University
of St. Andrew's; ordained priest
about 1530, but renounced the Ro-
man Catholic religion, 1542; was
persecuted and retired to the castle
of St. Andrew's; was captured in the
siege of this place, 1547; carried to
Rouen and confined in the French
galleys; released, 1549; became chap-
lain to Edward VI, 1551; retired to
the continent, when Mary ascend-
ed the throne; visited Scotland,
1555; lived a 4 : Geneva three years;
returned to Scotland, 1559, where
he became the leader of the Refor-
mation; proposed a confession of
faith, which was adopted by Parlia-
ment, 1560; died at Edinburgh, No-
vember 24, 1572
Teachings of, 1 1, 268; leader of
the Lords of the Congregation, 278;
sent to the French galleys, 12, 307;
leads reform movement, 312; death
of, 323
Knoxville, Tennessee: battle of
(1863), 24, 785
GENERAL INDEX
385
Knud (II) the Great (994-1035), King
of Scandinavia and Britain: acces-
sion of, 11, 59, 60; reign of, 16, 31;
receives submission of Malcolm II
of Scotland, 12, 256; adds Norway
to his empire, 16, 56; his relations
with Conrad II of Germany, 18,
125
Knud (IV), Saint (d. 1086), King of
Denmark, 1080-1086: reign of, 16,
71; death of, 73
Knud V, King of Denmark, 1147-1157:
his struggle for the throne, 16, 80
Knud VI, King of Denmark, 1182-
1202: reign of, 16, 83; his relations
to Slesvig, 266
Knud (d. 936 A. D.), son of Gorm
den Gamle: death of, 16, 28
Knud Hlaford (12th century), King of
the Obotrites: career of, 16, 76, 266
Knyphausen (ca. 1780), Hessian sol-
dier in America: at battle of
Brandywine, 23, 259
Kobun, Emperor of Japan, ca. 700 A.
D.: reign of, 7, 29
Kocel (ca. 860 A. D.), Slav prince:
sends young ecclesiastics to Rome,
17, 32
Kochubei (d. 1708), Russian conspira-
tor: death of, 15, 47
Kodama, Baron, Japanese governor of
Formosa: becomes member of cabi-
net, 7, 239
Kceprihissar, Turkey: fall of (1300),
14, 17
Koh-i-Nur, the largest diamond in the
possession of the British crown:
carried away by Nadir Shah, 5, 354;
presented to Queen Victoria, 226
Kohogen Motonobu (ca. 1450), Japa-
nese painter: sketch of, 7, 106
Kokaku, Emperor of Japan, 1780-
1817: reign of, 7, 149
Koko, Emperor of Japan, 885-893 A.
D. : reign of, 7, 46
Kokyoku (Samei), Empress of Japan,
642-645 A. D. and 655-668 A. D.:
reign of, 7, 20, 25
Kolaohv/ei, Japanese secret society:
power of, 6, 29; their motto adopted
by Shih K'ofa, 55
Kolbjornsson, Hans (ca. 1700), Nor-
wegian leader: defends Frederiksten,
16, 223
Kolbjornsson, Peder (ca. 1700), Nor-
wegian leader: defends Frederik-
sten, 16, 223
Kolczey, Ferencz (1790-1838), Hun-
garian critic and poet: attempts to
revive the glories of Hungary, 17,
337; in the diet of 1831, 339
Kolding, Denmark: the relief of
(1849), 16, 271
Kolin (Kollin), Bohemia: battle of
(1757). 9, 245, 17, 244, 18, 335
Kolk, Admiral van den (ca. 1875), a
Brazilian patriot: Secretary of the
Navy in provisional government, 21,
253
Kollar, Jan (1793-1852), Bohemian
poet: celebrates the union of Slav
nations, 17, 341; belongs to the
Slovaks, 356
Kollin: see Kolin
Kolokotronis, Theodoras (1770-1843),
a Greek patriot: at the siege of Tri-
politza, 2, 544
Kcloman (Salamon) I, King of Hun-
gary, 1063-1077: reign of, 17, 51
Koloman II, King of Hungary, 1095-
11 14: reign of, 17, 52
Kolovrat, Franz Anton (1778-1861),
Bohemian minister of state: made
member of council of regency, 17,
345; named president of the coun-
cil, 362
Komarov (ca. 1850), Russian general:
his campaigns in Afghanistan, 5,
265
Kcmei (d. 1867), Emperor of Japan:
reign of, 7, 158; death of, 166
Komenski (Comenius), John Amos, a
Czechic theologian and educator:
born in Moravia, March 28, 1592;
studied theology at Herborn and
Heidelberg; became pastor of a con-
gregation of Moravian Brethren at
Fulnek, 1618; expelled by an imperial
order exiling Protestant pastors
from Bohemia, 162 1; went to Lissa,
Poland, where he taught school and
wrote his " New Method of Learn-
ing Languages"; was invited to
England, 1638, and to Sweden, 1642,
386
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
for the purpose of improving their
methods of public instruction; re-
turned to Lissa, 1648, and upon the
burning of Lissa by the Poles, he
retired to Amsterdam, where many
of his works were written; died No-
vember 15, 1670
Emigrates from Moravia, 17, 210
Komorn, Hungary: battle of (1849),
15, 302, 17, 372
Komura, Baron (ca. 1900), Japanese
statesman: his negotiations with
Russia, 6, 312; appointed director of
Korean administration, 7, 267; ap-
pointed peace commissioner, 7, 317,
15, 364
Komura-Waeber Memorandum, agree-
ment between Russia and Japan
concerning Korea (1896), 7, 296
Komyo (ca. 750 A. D.), Japanese con-
sort: her devotion to Buddhism, 7,
32
Komyo, Emperor of Japan, 1336-
1349: accession of, 7, 89
Kongobu-ji, Japanese Buddhist tem
pie: built, 7, 41
Konieh, Asia Minor: battle of (1832),
9, 403, 14, 434, 15, 290
Koniggratz, battle of: see Sadowa,
battle of
Konigsberg, Prussia: founded, 17, 72;
taken by the Russians (1758), 15,
148
Kdnigseck (ca. 1700), Austrian states-
man: defends Baturin, 15, 50
Konigsmarck, Aurora (1 670-1 728)
German countess: her relations with
Charles XII of Sweden, 16, 216
Konigsmark, Hans Christ oph (1600-
1663), German general: in the Thirty
Years' War, 17, 212, 18, 293
Konigsmark, Otto Wilhelm (1639-
1688), a German general: his cam
paign in Germany, 16, 212
Konin, Emperor of Japan, 770-782 A
D.: accession of, 7, 37
Koning, Henry (ca. 1700), a Swed-
ish official: organizes Swedish East
India company, 5, 175
Koning, Peter de (ca. 1300), Dutch
leader: leads insurrection of Bruges,
13, 31
Konishi Yukinaga (ca. 1600), a Japa-
nese general: his campaign against
Korea, 7, 116
Kono Hircnaka (ca. 1880), Japanese
statesman: attempted reforms of,
7, 184
Kono Tokama (ca. 1850), Japanese
politician: forms a provisional court
in Kiushu, 7, 182
Konovnitsin (ca. 1800), Russian gen-
eral: his campaign against France,
15, 224
Konoye, Emperor of Japan, 1142-1156:
reign of, 7, 56
Konstantinos (1868 ), crown
prince of Greece: sketch of, 2, 548
Koolhaas, Gaspard (ca. 1600), Dutch
Calvinist: excommunicated, 13, 193
Koperie, Russia: occupied by the Rus-
sians, 15, 44
Kopp, Joseph Eutych (1 793-1 866),
Swiss historian: denies the truth of
the William Tell legends, 13, 371
Koppany (ca. 1000 A. D.), Magyar
chief: revolts of, 17, 47
Koran, the sacred book of the Mo-
hammedans: Murad's vizier seeks
guide from, 14, 35; as primary
source of Turkish law, 89; teachings
of, 99, 104, 139
Korbach, Germany: battle of (1760),
9, 246
Korber, Dr. E. von (living), Austrian
statesman: made premier of Austria,
17, 436
Kordofan, Sudan, Africa: annexed to
Egypt, 19, 56
Korea, a peninsular kingdom of east-
ern Asia: embassies to China, 6, 8;
outbreak in, 244; ex-regent of, de-
ported, 245; convention with China,
251; revolution in, 251; war in, 265;
early relations with Japan, 7, 12,
134; conquests of China in, 26; re-
fuses to acknowledge the new gov-
ernment in Japan, 178; adopts some
Western civilization, 194; Japan in-
terests in, 6, 313; in Russo-Japanese
disputes, 6, 310, 7, 275; the Chino-
Japanese War, 6, 252; effected by
treaty of Great Britain with Japan,
315
GENERAL INDEX
387
Koribut (ca. 1400), Lithuanian prince:
career of, 18, 209
Korkud (d. 1513), a Turkish prince:
intrigues for sovereignty, 14, 115;
slain by Selim I, 121
Kormend, Hungary: battle of (1664),
17, 228
Korner, Karl Theodor (1791-1813),
German poet; arouses patriotism
of the people, 17, 295, 305, 18, 381
Kornilov (ca. 1850), Russian admiral:
in the Crimean War, 15, 312, 317
Korsakow (Korssakoff), Alexander
Ivanovitch Rimskoi (1753-1840),
Russian soldier: his campaign in
Switzerland, 13, 517
Kosciusko, Tadeusz (1 746-1817), a
Polish patriot: his reforms in Po-
land, 14, 362; account of, 15, 190,
384, 18, 358; released by Paul, 15,
202, his services to America, 23,
269
Koslidje, Bulgaria: battle of (1774),
14, 338
Koslov, Crimea: sacked by the Rus-
sians (1736), 14, 3S
Kosovo, Russia: battles of (1389), 14,
29, 34; (1448), 17, 159
Kossuth, Louis, an Hungarian orator
and statesman: born of a noble fami-
ly at Monok, Hungary, April 27, 1802;
studied law at Sarospatak, and joined
the popular cause against the policy
of Austria; was a prisoner, 1837-
1840; elected by the national party
as a member of the Diet, 1847, and
distinguished himself in oratory; be-
came minister of finance in the new
ministry, 1848; elected president of
a committee of defense against the
Croatian insurgents; chosen gov-
ernor, when the Hungarians re-
nounced their allegiance to the
House of Hapsburg; he resigned his
office, August 11, 1849, and went
into exile; retired to Turkey and
was imprisoned; was released by
the intervention of England and
United States, 1851, and visited
those countries; lived in England
and later in Turin, Italy, where he
died March 20, 1894
Uses the Magyar language in his
" Gazette " of the diet, 17, 339; ar-
rested, 352; founds the " Pesth Ga-
zette," 353; elected to the diet of
J 847, 354; in the Hungarian insur-
rection, 15, 300; made minister of
finance, 17, 368; presides over com-
mittee of safety, 370; made gov-
ernor-president of Hungary, 372;
takes refuge in Turkey, 14, 443, IS,
303, 17, 372; remains an exile, 17,
399; sketch of, 18, 401; visits Ameri-
ca, 24, 640; death of, 17, 431
Kossuth, Louis, son of preceding (ca.
1900), Hungarian political leader:
leads opposition to Liberals, 17,
439; asserts claims of Magyarism,
441; leads opposition to the revision
of the rules of order in the Reichs-
rath, 444; accepts universal suffrage
as part of his party's policy, 447; in
Dr. Wekerle's ministry, 447
Koszta, Martin (ca. 1850), Hungarian
revolutionist: affair of, 24, 640
Kotchi Bez (ca. 1600), Turkish writer:
quoted, 14, 189
Kotishikhin (ca. 1700), a Russian
writer: account of, 15, 70
Kotzebue, August Friedrich Ferdi-
nand (1761-1819), German dramatist:
his relations with Paul, 15, 204; as-
sassination of, 18, 394
Kouron, Guiana: failure of, 20, 121
Koxinga (d. 1663), a Chinese pirate:
his origin and rise, 6, 57; his name,
58; wins victory over the Man-
chus, 58; his defeat and death, 60
Koya, Japan: battle of, 7, 85
Kozenbo (ca. 1850), Japanese prince:
rebellion of, 7, 169
Kraminski (ca. 1800), Russian gen-
eral: his campaign against Na-
poleon, 9, 329
Krapf, Johann Ludwig (1810-1881),
German missionary to Africa:
arouses an interest in Africa, 19, 59
Krasnoe, Russia: battle of (1812), 9,
341, 15, 250
Krasovski (ca. 1800), Russian general:
at Silistria, 15, 284
Kray, Paul, Baron of Krajowa (i735~
1804), Austrian general: his cam-
388
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
paign against the French, 9, 316, 17,
285
Kresimir, Peter (ca. 1000 A. D.), King
of Dalmatia: reign of, 17, 38
Krilov, Ivan Andreivitch (1768-1844),
Russian writer: sketch of, 15, 238,
252
Krim Ghirai (ca. 1750), Khan of the
Crimea: devastates southern Rus-
sia, 14, 323
Krim Tatars: see Tatars
Kristina of Holstein-Gottorp (ca.
1600), Queen of Sweden: marriage
of, 16, 174
Krizhanick (ca. 1700), Russian writer:
account of, 15, 70
Krogh (ca. 1850), Danish general: in
the Slesvig-Holstein War, 16, 272
Krok (ca. 700 A. D.), Bohemian
prince: sketch of, 17, 29
Kronstadt, Russia: building of, 15, 45
Kroonstad Proclamation, The, an-
nounce the annexation of Orange
Free State to the British Empire
(1900), 20, 233
Kropotkin, Prince Peter (1842 ),
Russian geographer: quoted, 15, 342
Krotzka, Hungary: battle of (1739),
14, 314
Krudener, Barbara Juliane von Viet-
inghoff-Scheel, Baroness of (1766-
1824), Russian mystic: her influence
on Alexander, 15, 266
Kriiger, Stephanus Johannes Paulus,
South African statesman, President
of the South African Republic:
born at Colesburg, Cape Colony,
October 10, 1825; served in the Zulu
wars and fought against the English
at Bloomplaats, 1848; became sub-
commandant of the army, 1856,
commandant, 1861, and was appoint-
ed head of the provisional gov-
ernment, 1881; elected president
of the republic, 1883, 1888, 1893,
and 1898; declared war against
Great Britain, 1899, and played a
prominent part in it; went to Eu-
rope afterwards; died July 14, 1904
Relations with Great Britain, 11,
641, 19, 280; death of, 283
Krumpe, Otto (1500), Danish general:
commands the Danish army, 16,
141, 148
Krushevats, Servia: battle of (1456),
17, 160
Kruze (ca. 1750), Russian admiral:
defeats the Swedes, 15, 188
Kshattriyas, one of the Indian castes:
rise of, 5, 43
Ktesias (d. ca. 398 B. C), Greek his-
torian: source of Babylonian and
Assyrian history, 1, 69
Kublai Khan (1216-1294), Mongol em-
peror: extends the use of paper
notes, 5, 102; receives Marco Polo,
6, 19; invades and conquers China,
22; and Korea, 7, 73; extent of em-
pire of, 6, 22; religious toleration of,
23; defeated by the Japanese, 23;
death of, 25
Kiichelbecker, Wilhelm (d. 1840), a
Russian conspirator: sketch of, 15,
273
Kudo Suketsun (ca. 1700), a Japanese
noble, death of, 7, 152
Kudur-Nankhundi (ca. 2285 B. C),
King of Elam: reign of, I, 76
Kufa, Mesopotamia: founded, 5, 322
Kuilenburg, Count de (16th cen-
tury), a Dutch statesman: at the
Duffle Conference, 13, 93; flees to
Germany, 103
Kiikai (8th century), a Buddhist
priest: teachings of, 7, 41
Kuki Yoshitaka (ca. 1592), Japanese
admiral: commands fleet for inva-
sion of Korea, 7, 116
Ku-Klux-Klan, an American secret
society formed in the South after
the Civil War: account of, 24, 868
Ku-Klux-Klan Act: decision of Su-
preme Court respecting, 24, 873
Kukuo, Prince (ca. 1900), a leader of
the Boxer movement in China: sen-
tenced, 6, 305
Kulevtcha, Russia: battle of (1829),
14, 428, 15, 285
Kulil Sultan (15th century), ruler of
Turkestan: succeeds Timur, 5, 339
Kulm, a village in Bohemia: battle of
(1813), 9, 343, 10, 488, 18, 384
Kulturkampf, The, in Germany, the
name given to the controversy over
GENERAL INDEX
389
the control of educational and ec-
clesiastical appointments between
the government and the Roman
Catholic Church: begun by Bismarck
(1872), 18, 440
Kumans, Ugric tribe which invaded
Hungary: invasion of, 14, 4
Kumamota Castle, Japan: siege of
(1876), 7, 180
Kumara-sambhava, a legendary poem
of India: sketch of, 5, 53
Kumarila (8th century A. D.), a Bra-
ham priest: teachings of, 5, 76, 80
Kumaso, a Japanese tribe: rebellions
of (ca. 50 B. C), 7, 95 (ca. 200 A.
D.), 12
Kumoi Tatsuo (ca. 1868), a Japanese
noble: plots against the new gov-
ernment, 7, 177
Kund, Richard (b. 1852), a German
soldier and explorer: his campaigns
in Africa, 19, 178
Kunersdorf, Germany: battle of
(1759), 15, 148, 18, 339
Kung, Prince (d. 1898), a Chinese
statesman: passed over in succes-
sion to the throne, 6, 155; in com-
mand at Peking, 182; opposes pal-
ace clique, 186; effects a coup d' etat,
188; dismissed and reinstated, 235;
again dismissed, 248; proposes edu-
cational reforms (1866), 260; op-
poses radical reforms, 290; death of,
276
Kunimund (6th century A. D.), King
of the Gepidae: death of, 18, 51
Kunshan (Quinsan), China: taken by
Gordon, 6, 201
Kunwald, Brotherhood of, a peaceful
religous brotherhood of Bohemia:
rise of, 17, 145
Kunzle, John (18th century), a Swiss
letter-carrier: leads revolt, 13, 506
Kuprianov (ca. 1830), a Russian gen-
eral: occupies Pravadi, 15, 284
Kurakin, Prince Alexander Boriso-
vitch (18th century), a favorite of
Paul I of Russia: destroys Cath-
erine the Great's will, 15, 201
Kurbski, Andrew (16th century), a
Russian noble: quoted, 15, 43
Kuriah Muriah Islands, a small group
of islands in the Arabian Sea: sketch
of, 5, 19
Kurigalzu II, King of Babylonia, 1350
B. C: reign of, I, 78
Kuroda Kiyotaka, Count (19th cen-
tury), a Japanese statesman: his
campaign against Saigo, 7, 180;
made minister of state, 185; ambas-
sador to Korea, 194
Kuroda Nagamasa (17th century), a
Japanese statesman: at battle of
Sekigahara, 7, 123
Kuroki, Itei (b. 1845), a Japanese gen-
eral: his campaigns in the Russo-
Japanese War, 7, 309, 15, 361
Kuropatkin, Alexei Nikolayevitch (b.
1848), a Russian soldier: sent from
Switzerland, 13, 589; in central
Asia, 15, 349; his services in the
Russo-Japanese War, 7, 310, 15, 361,
362; removed from command, 15,
363
Kurt Beg (16th century), Mameluke
hero: at battle of Ridania (1517),
14, 130; his audience with Selim I
of Turkey, 131
Kush-ab, Persia: battle of (1857), 5,
363
Kiissnach, Memorial of, a memorial
setting forth the wishes of the popu-
lation of Zurich as to governmental
reforms (1830), 13, 535
Kiistrin, Poland: siege of (1758), 15,
148
Kusunoki Masashige (14th century),
Japanese soldier: revolt of, 7, 85;
his campaigns against the Hojo,
86
Kusunoki Masatsura (14th century),
Japanese soldier: death of, 7, 91
Kutab Shahi Dynasty, a Mohammedan
dynasty of India: founded, 5, 106
Kutab-ud-din (13th century), King of
Delhi: founds dynasty, 5, 96
Kutaisov (18th century), Turkish fa-
vorite of Paul 1 of Russia: bought
over by Napoleon, 15, 206
Kutchuk Kamardii, Treaty of, a treaty
between Russia and Turkey (1774),
14, 446, 15, 180, 17, 249
Kuttenberg, Bohemia: siege of (1307),
17. "3
S90
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Kuttenberg, Agreement of, an agree-
ment between the Catholics and Ul-
traquists of Bohemia (1485), 17,
148
Kutusoff (Kutusov), Mikhail Ilariono-
vitch Golenishtcheff, Prince of
Smolensk (1745-1813), Russian field
marshal: at battle of Borodino, 9,
341; his campaign against France,
15, 224; Alexander's estimate of, 259
Kwakiutl Indians, a tribe on Vancou-
ver Island: social organization, 23,
13
Kwammu (ca. 794 A. D.), Emperor
of Japan: transfers the capital to
Kyoto, 7, 38
Kwang Provinces, The, China: anti-
Boxer attitude in, 6, 278, 279
Kwang-Chau, Bay of, China: leased
to France, 20, 274
Kwanghsii (19th century), Emperor of
China: accession of, 6, 237; sketch
of, 289; forced to abdicate, 277,
294
Kyaxares (Uvakhshatara) (8th cen-
tury B. C), King of Media: unites
the tribes of Media, 1, 158; defeats
the Assyrians, 158
Kyme: see Cummae
Kymry, The, the name which the
Welsh gave themselves: union of,
11, 26
Kyokutei Bakim (17th century), a
Chinese novelist: sketch of, 7, 142
Kyoto, capital of Japan: made capital,
7, 38; ruined, 99
La Barde, De (17th century), French
envoy to Switzerland: mission of,
13, 477
Labastida y Davalos, Pelagio Antonio
de (1816-1891), Mexican ecclesiastic:
member of provisional government,
22, 387
La Bastie, Anthony de (d. 1522),
French soldier: made Warden of
the Border, 12, 301
Labaume, French historian: in the
Russian campaign, 15, 222, 240, 255
La Bedoyere, Count Charles Angeli-
que de (1786-1815), French soldier:
death of, 9, 368
La Berlotta (ca. 1600), officer in serv-
ice of Archduke Frederick Henry:
his campaign in the Netherlands, 13,
174
Labienus, Titus (d. 45 B. C.) Roman
soldier: with Caesar in Gaul, 3, 302;
refuses obedience to Caesar, 334;
executes all Caesarian prisoners,
. 344; at the Corcyra council of war,
350; battle with Caesar, 357; be-
comes a pirate, 359
Labor:
AFRICA: source for laborers, 20,
19, 74; forced labor of natives, 19,
260, 20, 62; farming done by slaves,
20, 220; present status, 19, 310, 311
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: laboring
class excluded by electoral law
(1848), 17, 363; Agricultural Employ-
er's and Workmen's Act (1897),
452; reforms (1905), 452
CHINA: Chinese coolies in Amer-
ica, 6, 320; reservoir for laborers,
20, 20
EGYPT: agriculture under Amru,
I, 299
ENGLAND: in early settlements,
II, 21; serfs, 52; villein-tenants,
116; hired laborers, 163; Statute of
Laborers passed (1349), 163; labor
391
of villeins abolished, 208; need of re-
form in 18th century, 535; reform
in conditions, 575; regulations for
child labor, 593; regulations of 1844,
603; slavery abolished, 20, 239
FRANCE: the corvee, 10, 9; under
the Terror, 271; diminution during
Revolution, 332; conditions in 1834,
9, 404; strikes at Lyons (1834), 405;
reforms under Second Republic
(1848), 435
GERMANY: Social Democratic
Workingman's Party, 18, 438; re-
forms under Bismarck, 447
GREECE: in Attica, 2, 103
INDIA: among the Kandhs, 5, 32,
33; absence of slaves, 70; strikes
(1872), 78; surplus of laborers, 292
ITALY: laboring classes bear arms
for own defense, 4, 188
MEXICO: slavery, 22, 88
NETHERLANDS: strike of labor
party, 13, 310; rise of Labor Unions,
3I9> 320
PORTUGAL: slavery abolished, 8,
473
ROME: of slaves, 3, 38, 49, 50, 160,
172, 173, 247; free, 49; supplanted
by slaves, 172; uprisings of slaves,
187; of slaves in Gaul, 294; condi-
tion of, during time of Caesar, 381
RUSSIA: restrictions on child-labor,
I5 348; strikes of working classes,
352; improvements in, 357; strikes
frequent, 365
SOUTH AMERICA: African slave
labor, 20, 46; native Indians and
Maroon negroes, 121; abolition of
slavery in Brazil, 20, 75, 21, 249;
forced labor in Paraguay, 21, 150;
strikes of railway workmen in
Peru, 211
SPAIN: slavery in ancient Spain,
8, 32; condition of slaves, 55; fac-
tory strikes (1881), 516
393
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
SWITZERLAND: need of im-
provement in conditions, 13, 565;
restrictions on child and woman la-
bor, 570
TURKEY: slave labor, 14, 100
UNITED STATES: women the la-
boring class among Indians, 23, 14;
slaves in Carolinas, 76; slavery for-
bidden in Georgia, 81; slavery in-
troduced into Georgia, 82; slavery
in Colonies, 127; rise of slavery con-
troversy, 24, 561; slavery abolished,
20, 240, 24, 767; growth of organi-
zations, 24, 917; labor agitations in
Pennsylvania, 918; movement
against Chinese coolies, 919; during
Cleveland's administration, 961, 963;
Labor party, 966; Socialist Labor
Party, 991; prevalence of strikes
(1894), 1004; anthracite strike in
Pennsylvania, 1051; Department of
Labor created, 1053; importance of
labor question since Civil War,
1099; Philippine Islands, 20, 386
WEST INDIES: negro labor, 20,
72, 74; abolition of slave labor, 75,
132; decline of white labor, 111;
condition of emancipated slaves, 139
Labor Party, an American political
party: Presidential election 1888, 24,
966
Laborers, Statute of (1349), a statute
fixing scale of wages in England:
passed, 11, 163
La Bourdonnais (Labourdonnaie),
Bertrand Frangois Mahe de (1699-
I753X French admiral: his career
in India, 9, 240
Labrador, peninsula of North Amer-
ica: becomes England's property,
20, 86; fishery rights secured by the
United States, 23, 443
Labuan, Island of, island in the Pa-
cific: made a British colony, 20,
254
Lacave-Laplagne (ca. 1840), French
statesman: made minister of finance,
9, 412
Lacaze (d. 1793), French revolution-
ist: death of, 10, 279
Laccadive Islands, group in Indian
Ocean: description of, 5, 18, 20,
253
Lacedaemon: see Sparta
Lacedaemonius (5th century B. C),
Athenian admiral: in the war with
Sparta, 2, 268
La Cerda, John de (16th century),
Duke of Medina-Celi: made gov-
ernor of the Netherlands (1572), 13,
112
La Cerda, Tomas Antonio Manrique
de, Marques de la Laguna (17th
century), Spanish nobleman: made
viceroy of New Spain (1680), 22,
175
Lachares (d. ca. 279 B. C), Tyrant
of Athens: reign of, 2, 514
Laches (5th century B. C), Athenian
admiral': in the war with Sicily, 2,
299 ^
Laconia, division of Peloponnesus: ge-
ography of, 2, 16; Dorian state in
Peloponnesus, 60; invaded by the
Thebans, 440; surrenders to Mithra-
dates, 3, 217
Laconia Company, English colonizing
company: organized, 23, 95
La Cosa, Juan de (ca. 1500), Spanish
navigator: discoveries of, 21, 16;
with Columbus on his first voyage,
23, 30 note
Lacoste (ca. 1790), French revolution-
ist: made provisional minister of
justice, 10, 176
Lacroix (d. 1794), French revolution-
ist: death of, 9, 288, 10, 294
Lacy, Franz Moritz von (1725-1801),
Austrian soldier: in the Seven
Years' War, 17, 244
Lacy, Hugh de (d. 1186), English sol-
dier: receives the province of
Meath, 12, 51
Lacy, Hugh de (ca. 1200), son of pre-
ceding: career in Ireland, 12, 55;
his feud with William Marshal, 57
Lacy, Peter (1678-1751), Irish-Russian
general: his campaign in the Cri-
mea, 14, 308, 312, 15, 121; in Poland,
119
Lade, island in Aegean Sea: battle of,
2, 137
Ladies' Peace: see Cambray, Peace of
Ladislaus (I) the Holy, or the Pious
(1041-1095), King of Hungary,
1078-1095: reign of, 17, 51
GENERAL INDEX
393
Ladislaus II, King of Bohemia, 1140-
1173: reign of, 17, 66
Ladislaus III, King of Hungary,
1272-1290: reign of, 17, 59
Ladislaus IV, King of Poland, 1434-
1444, King of Hungary, 1440-1444:
account of, 14, 61, 62; reign of, 15,
379; resists breaking of treaty, 14,
65; slain at Varna, 67
Ladislaus (V), the Posthumous (1440-
1457), King of Hungary and of Bo-
hemia, 1444-1457: birth of, 17, 157;
reign of, 142, 159; death of, 17, 106,
18, 215
Ladislaus VI, King of Bohemia,
1471-1516, King of Hungary, 1490-
1516: reign of, in Bohemia, 17, 147;
elected king of Hungary, 149; reign
of, in Hungary, 166; death of, 168
Ladislaus (Lancelot), King of Na-
ples, 1386-1414: reign of, 4, 261
Ladislaus: see also Vladislav
Ladmirault, Louis Rene Paul de (late
19th century), French general: in
the Franco-Prussian War, 9, 463
Ladrone Islands, group of islands in
the Pacific: purchased by Germany,
20, 302
Ladysmith, South Africa: siege of
(1900), 11, 641, 20, 233
Laegaire (Leary), King of Ireland, ca.
430 A. D. : reign of, 12, 26
Laelius, Gaius (ca. 236-ca. 160 B. C.)
Roman soldier: accompanies Scipio
to Spain, 3, 126
Laenas, Marcus Popilus, Roman con-
sul, 359, 356, 350, 348 B. C: in the
war with Numantia, 3, 162
Laevinus, Publius Valerius, Roman
consul 280 B. C: at battle of Siris,
3, 77
Lafayette, Marie Jean Paul Roch
Yves Gilbert Motier, Marquis de, a
French soldier and statesman: born
at Chateau-Chavagnac, Auvergne,
France, September 6, 1756; attended
the College du Plessis; inherited
large estates on his mother's death,
1770; entered the guards and while
a captain of dragoons, 1776, deter-
mined to join the revolutionists in
America; fitted out a yacht at his
own expense and landed near
Georgetown, S. C., April 24, 1777;
served as major-general, 1777-1783;
was wounded at Brandywine and
fought with great honor at Mon-
mouth; was in France, 1779-1780,
and induced the king to send Ro-
chambeau to the United States; was
with Washington at Yorktown,
1781; returned to France but visited
the United States, 1784; advocated
the abolition of slavery in the
French colonies; was a member of
the Assembly of Notables, Paris,
1787; demanded the convocation of
the States-General, to which he was
a deputy, 1789; became vice-presi-
dent of the National Assembly, com-
mandant of Paris, and chief com-
mander of the national guards,
which he organized, 1789; founded
the Club des Feuillants, 1790; pro-
tected the king and queen from the
mob of October 5 and 6; command-
ed the army of Flanders, 1792;
denounced the Jacobins, from whom
he escaped to Flanders but was
imprisoned for five years by the
Austrians at Olmiitz; was liberated
by Napoleon and returned to
France, 1799; never became a par-
tisan of Napoleon but lived princi-
pally upon his estate of La Grange;
was a member of the French House
of Representatives, 1815, and of the
Chamber of Deputies, 1818; visited
the United States, 1824-1825; was
again chosen to the Chamber of
Deputies, 1827; took part in the
Revolution of 1830; died in Paris,
May 20, 1834
Assists American colonies, 11,
517; at battle of Monmouth, 23,
263; his services to America, 269;
out-manceuvers Cornwallis, 283;
elected vice-president of the na-
tional assembly, 9, 264, 10, 60; at
the Champ de Mars, 9, 268; his
campaign in Belgium, 273; ap-
pointed commander-in-chief of the
citizen guard, 10, 71; attempts to
quell bread riot, 93; favors war with
England, 118; at the confederation
of the kingdom, 122; directs the
394
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Feuillant Club, 128; procures an
amnesty for those who favored the
king's flight, 146; begins to lose his
high reputation, 177; leads constitu-
tional party, 9, 358, 10, 181; discus-
sion of his accusation, 10, 189; his
acquittal, 189; military insurrection
of, against the authors of the 10th
of August, 199; arrested and con-
fined at Magdeburg and at Olmutz,
10, 200, 17, 283; his relation to the
revolution of 1830, 9, 391
La Feuillade, Count of (ca. 1660),
French soldier: at battle of Saint-
Gothard, 9, 208
Laffitte, Jacques (1767-1844), French
statesman and banker: his relation
to the revolution of 1830, 9, 391;
ministry of, 397
Lafuente, Antonio Gutierrez de (b.
1798), Peruvian general: rebellion
of, 21, 193; made vice-president of
Peru, 193; leads insurrection (1835),
195; (1842), 196; forms a conspiracy
against Vivanco, 198
La Galissonniere (ca. 1790), French
statesman: made member of the
ministry, 10, 56
La Gasca, Pedro de (ca. 1550), Span-
ish colonial statesman: made vice-
roy of Peru, 21, 27
Lagos, Africa: acquired by England,
19, 49; German factory established
at, 92; sketch of, 20, 257
La Grita, South America: battle of
(1813), 21, 61
La Guayra, South America: occupied
by the revolutionists (1821), 21, 73;
blockaded (1902), 246
Laharpe, Frederick Caesar (1754-1838),
Swiss politician: career of, 13, 504,
507, 15, 266
La Hogue, France: battle of (1692), 9,
219, 11, 440, 13, 245
Laibach, Austria-Hungary: under Ro-
man occupation, 17, 12
Laibach, Congress of, a meeting of
representatives from the European
powers at which armed intervention
was decided on to repress the Pied-
montese and Neapolitan revolutions
(1821), 15, 266
Laine, Joseph Henry Joachim, Vis-
count (1767-1835), French orator
and statesman: made minister of
the interior, 9, 367; admitted to the
council, 375
Laing, Samuel (1780-1868), a Scottish
author: sketch of, 5, 244
Laing's Neck, South Africa: battle of
(1880), 20, 230
Laird, Macgregor (1808-1861), Scot-
tish African explorer: leads African
movement, 19, 153
Lajarre (ca. 1800), French statesman:
made minister of war, 10, 176
Lake, Gerard, Viscount Lake (1744-
1808), an English general: com-
mands army in Ulster, 12, 207; his
campaign in India, 5, 136, 201
Lake Champlain, New York: campaign
fails at, 23, 421; McDonough's vic-
tory on (1814), 423
Lake Erie, one of the Great Lakes,
United States: war of 1812 opera-
tions on, 23, 423
Lake George (Lake Sacrament), New
York: battle of (i755), 23, 183
Lake Maggiore, Italy: battle of (1636),
9, 192
Lake Nyasa Region, South Africa:
description of, 19, 235
Lake of the Woods, between Minne-
sota and Canada: established as
boundary, 23, 443
Lake Regillus, Italy: victory of, 3,
62
Lake Sacrament: see Lake George
Lake State, The: see Michigan
Lake Vadimo, Italy: battle of, 3, 75
Lakeview Cemetery, Cleveland, Ohio:
Garfield buried in, 24, 934
Lakshman Sen (ca. 1200), King of
Bengal: defeated by the Moham-
medans, 5, 96
Lalain, Count of (ca. 1550), Dutch gen-
eral: given command of forces, 13,
26
Lalashahin (ca. 1350), Turkish gen-
eral: commands Ottoman forces at
Maritza, 14, 30
Lally, Thomas Arthur, Count de
(1700-1766), French general: his
campaign in India, 9, 246, II, 502,
20, 119
Lally-Tollendal, Trophime Gerard,
GENERAL INDEX
395
Marquis of (1751-1830), French ora-
tor and writer: urges nobles to re-
sume their seats in the assembly, 9,
203; pleads for Necker, 10, 59; fa-
vors the English constitution, 80;
desires the creation' of a senate, 87;
deserts the assembly, 101; sketch
of, 101 note
Lamachus (470-414 B. C), an Athe-
nian general: in the expedition to
Sicily, 2, 329; his plans of Sicily,
333; killed at Syracuse, 338
La Mar, Jose (1778-1830), South
American soldier: his campaign
against Colombia, 21, 82; made
president of Peru, 192
Lamar, Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus
(1825-1893), an American statesman:
member of the Senate, 24, 916; his
tribute to Senator Sumner, 916; af-
fronts Conkling in Senate, 927 note;
influence over Democratic Party,
941; Secretary of the Interior, 950
note
La Mar, Manuel (ca. 1850), a Peru-
vian patriot: leads the Opposition
party, 21, 201
Lamar, Mirabeau Buonaparte (1798-
1859), an American statesman: vice-
president of Texas, 24, 539
La Marche, Olivier de (1426-1501), a
Burgundian poet and chronicler:
sketch of, 13, 62
La Marmora, Alphonse Ferrero (1804-
1878), Italian general and states-
man: in the Crimean War, 14, 458
Lamarque, Maximilien, Count (1770-
1832), a French general: his cam-
paign in the Vendee, 9, 361; funeral
of, 402
Lamartine, Alphonse Marie Louise
(1790-1869), French orator, poet, and
historian: opposes Guizot's foreign
policy, 9, 430; member of the pro-
visional government, 435
Lamas, Diego (ca. 1850), South Amer-
ican patriot: defeated by Flores, 21,
142
Lamb, Andrew (ca. 1600), Scottish
bishop: consecrated, 12, 332
Lamb, William, Viscount Melbourne:
see Melbourne, William Lamb, Vis-
count
Lamballe, Marie Therese Louise de
Savoie-Carignan de (1 749-1 792), a
French princess: death of, 9, 276
Lamberg (d. 1848), Hungarian count:
murder of, 17, 370
Lambert II (ca. 900 A D.), Count of
Louvain: claims duchy of Lower
Lorraine, 13, 22
Lambert (ca. 1850), Russian general:
in Poland, 15, 326
Lambert, John (d. 1538), English mar-
tyr: death of, 11, 259
Lamberton, William (ca. 1300), Bishop
of St. Andrews: swears allegiance
to Robert Bruce, 12, 277
Lambesc, Prince de (ca. 1775), French
general: attempts to quell insurrec-
tion in Paris, 10, 57
Lambro Canzani (ca. 1800), Greek pa-
triot: account of, 14, 358
Lambton, John George, Earl of Dun-
ham: see Dunham, John George
Lambton, Earl of
Lamego, Portugal: siege of (1057), 8,
142
La Meilleraye, Charles de la Porte (d.
1664), a French marshal: his cam-
paigns in the Thirty Years' War, 9,
194
Lameth, Alexander Theodore Victor,
Count ( 1 760-1829), a French revo-
lutionist: elected member of the
States-General, 10, 39; leader of the
national party, 81; directs the Jaco-
bin Club, 128
Lameths, The, a French Revolution-
ary party: joins with the Center to
reestablish the king, 10, 139
Lamian War, The, between Athens
and Macedonia (323-322 B. C.)# z>
S12
Lamoignon, Chretien Francois (1735-
1789), a French judge: keeper of
the seals, 9, 258; policy of, 10, 35
Lamont, Daniel Scott (1851 ), an
American official: Secretary of War,
24, 993
Lamoriciere, Christophe Leon Louis
Juchault de (1806-1865), a French
general: takes command of Papal
forces, 4, 381; his campaign in Al-
giers, 9, 429; arrest of, 441
Lampadius (ca. 400 A. D.), Roman
396
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
leader: made captain of the praeto-
rians, 4, 141
Lamponius (ca. 100 B. C.)> Italian
commander: in the war with Sulla,
3, 227
Lampsacus, Asia Minor: Lysander at,
2, 375
Lamsdorf, Count Vladimir Nikolai-
vitch (1845 ), Russian states-
man: appointed minister of foreign
affairs, 15, 354
Lan, Duke (ca. 1900), Chinese poli-
tician: sentenced to banishment, 6,
285
Lancaster, Pennsylvania: congress
meets at, 23, 262
Lancaster, James (d. 1618), an Eng-
lish navigator: visits India, 5, 157;
establishes commercial relations
with Indian kings, 159
Lancaster, John of (ca. 1700), Brazil-
ian governor: administration of, 20,
105
Lancaster, John of Gaunt, Duke of:
see John of Gaunt, Duke of Lan-
caster
Lancaster, Thomas, Earl of (d. 1322),
an English baron: leads baronial
opposition to Edward II, II, 153;
defeated at Boroughbridge, 154;
death of, 154
Lancaster, Treaty of, concluded be-
tween Great Britain and the Iro-
quois Indians (1744), 23, 168, 170
Land Acts, Irish, Acts passed by the
British Parliament for the settle-
ment of the land question in Ire-
land: (1870), 12, 238 note; (1881),
11, 633; (1896), 637
Land Laws and Tenures:
AFRICA: plantations, 19, 83; the
emigrants, 20, 62; grants to the
Boers, 109; among the Boers, 219
AUSTRALIA: the squatters, 20,
185; public lands, 190
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: among the
Magyars, 17, 45; conditions among
peasants under Maria Teresa, 259;
conditions in Hungary (1833), 339
ENGLAND: under William the
Conqueror, 11, 74, 75, 79, 80; under
Henry VI, 208, 209; 18th century,
532; bill relating to freeholders in
Ireland, 585; encumbered estates act
for Ireland, 607; Irish Land Acts
(1870), 625; (1881), 633; laws for Ire-
land, 636
FRANCE: feudal tenures, 9, 63, 10,
21; under Philip Augustus, 9, 79;
results of Revolution, 10, 425
GERMANY: under Merovingians,
18, 67; under Charles the Great,
87; under Hohenstaufens, 176
GREECE: tenures in Attica, 2, 103;
regulated by Solon, 104, 105
INDIA: among the hills, 5, 23; Ben-
gal Tenancy Act (1859), 244; Bengal
and Oudh Rent Acts (1885), 261;
Land Alienation Act, 282
IRELAND: in ancient times, 12,
21; under Edward VI and Mary, 92;
17th century, 109; under penal code,
164; Middlemen, 174; Gladstone's
bill of 1868, 239; see also ENG-
LAND
ITALY: land tax remitted to soil
of Italy, 4, 37
JAPAN: in the Hei-an epoch, 7, 49,
50; under the Edo government, 131,
144, 145, 150; reforms, 175, 176; un-
der new regime, 223, 224
MEXICO: grants to settlers, 22, 68
ROME: among the clans, 3, 13; in
Regal period, 21, 28; original tenure,
37; changes in, 38; reforms under
Cassius, 43; reforms under Licinius
and Sextius, 49, 175; under Flamin-
ius, 159; need of reform, 173; under
Gracchi, 177; public lands, 186; Ser-
vilian rogation, 281; reforms of
Caesar, 387
RUSSIA: land tax for Poles remit-
ted, 15, 348
SOUTH AMERICA: feudal grants
in Brazil, 20, 48; among the colo-
nists, 21, 49
SWITZERLAND: of the peasants,
13, 469
TURKEY: in conquered lands, 14,
94
UNITED STATES: in the Caroli-
nas, 20, 109; public lands, 191; in
Virginia, 23, 37; feudal system in
Maryland, 69; in Georgia, 80; pri-
GENERAL INDEX
397
vate holdings in Plymouth Colony,
86; in New Amsterdam, 102; under
Penn, in
WEST INDIES: grants to bucca-
neers, 20, 69; plantations, 245
Land of Steady Habits: see Connecti-
cut
Land Tax Bill, a law passed by the
Japanese government increasing the
land tax (1898), 7, 225
Landais (d. 1485), favorite of Duke
Francis II of Brittany: influence
of, 9, 127; death of, 128
Landen: see Neerwindon
Lander, John (ca. i860), an English
explorer: explorations of, 19, 50
Landfrieden: see Perpetual National
Peace
Landlord and Tenants: relations be-
tween, in early Rome, 3, 38
Lando, Conrad (ca. 1350), Italian ban-
ditti: leader of band of robbers, 4,
252
Lando, Michel di (14th century), a
Florentine wool-comber: made sig-
nor of Florence, 4, 234
Landrecies, France: siege of (1794)
9. 289
Landriano, Italy: battle of (1528), 9
141
Landshut, capital of Lower Bavaria
Bavaria: battle of (1760), 18, 340;
taken by Napoleon (1809), 17, 298
Landsknechte, German troops which
would hire themselves to whoever
would pay for them: rise of, 18
229
Lane, Joseph (1801-1881), an Amer-
ican soldier and politician: in the
Mexican War, 22, 372; nominated
for Vice-President (i860), 24, 682
Lane, Sir Ralph (d. 1603), an English
adventurer: governor of Roanoke
Island colony, 23, 53
Lanfranc (ca. 1005-1089), Abbot of Bee
(afterward Archbishop of Canter-
bury) : confidant of William the
Conqueror, 11, 62; made Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, 76; death of,
84
Langdon, John (ca. 1790), an Amer-
ican statesman: in first Congress,
33. 342
Lange, Villum (ca. 1660), a Danish
scholar: at the diet of Copenhagen,
16, 232
Langenburg, Prince Hohenlohe (ca.
i860), a German nobleman: founds
the German Colonial Society, 19,
129
Langensalza, Prussia: battle of
(1866), 18, 410
Langiewicz, Marian (1827-1887), a
Polish insurgent leader: in the
Polish insurrection, 15, 328
Langland, William (ca. 1330-ca. 1400),
an English poet: his "Vision of
Piers the Plowman," 11, 169
Langside, Scotland: battle of (1568),
12, 319
Langton, Stephen (d. 1228), Arch-
bishop of Canterbury: elected arch-
bishop, 11, 123; leads barons against
king, 125; presents demands of ba-
rons to John, 126
Language Decrees, decrees issued by
Austria-Hungary putting the Czech
language on an equal footing with
the German in Bohemia and Mora-
via (1897), 17, 434
Lanier, Sidney (1842-1881), an Amer-
ican poet and critic: at the opening
of the Centennial Exposition, 24,
903
Lanjuinais, Jean Denis, Count (1753-
1827), a French politician: pleads
for Louis XVI's life, 9, 281; incites
insurrection in the departments, 284;
opposes Napoleon, 319; leads Con-
stitutional party, 358
Lannes, Jean, Due de Montebello,
(1769-1809), French marshal: made
marshal of the empire, 9, 322; at
battle of Pultusk, 329; at the battle
of Esslingen, 17, 298
Lannoy, Count de (ca. 1560), a Dutch
noble: at the battle of Osterweel,
13, 102
La Noue, France: battle of (1589), 9,
165
La Noue, Frangois de, surnamed Bra3
de Fer (1531-1591), French Huguenot
general: taken prisoner, 13, 136
Lansdowne, Henry Charles Keith
Petty-Fitzmaurice, Marquis of (b.
1845), an English statesman: his
398
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
governor-generalship of India, 5,
268
Lanuvium, in ancient times a town of
Latium, Italy: war with Rome, 3,
64; loses its independence, 67
Lanuza, Juan de (ca. 1520), a Spanish
noble: made regent of Aragon, 8,
346; puts down rebellion against
Charles, 348
Lao Tsze (b. ca. 604 B. C), a Chinese
philosopher: founder of Taoism, 6,
10
Laon, the capital of Aisne, France:
battle of (1814), 9, 347, 15, 262
Laos, a race of Farther India, north-
east of Siam: under French rule, 20,
273
La Paz, western Bolivia, on the Peru-
vian frontier: rebels against Spanish
authority (1809), 31, 58; insurrec-
tion in (1861), 188; defies Melgarejo
(1865), 190; insurrection in (1875),
191
La Paz, Treaty of, between Chili and
Bolivia (1873), 21, 227
La Perouse, Jean Frangois de Galaup,
Comte de (1741-1788), French ex-
plorer: voyages of, 20, 129
La Plata River: see Rio de la Plata
Lapps, branch of the Finnic race: pro-
genitors of the modern, 16, 6; driven
out by the Goths, 35
La Puerta, Venezuela: battle of (1814),
Mi 63
La Puerta (ca. 1879), a Peruvian gen-
eral: acting president of Peru, 31,
236
La Ravardiere, Daniel de la Tousche,
Sieur de (ca. 1570-ca. 1631), French
soldier: organizes a maritime com-
pany, 31, 32
Larcay, Chili: battle of (1829), 31,
216
La Reveillere-Lepeaux, Louis Marie
I 755-i824), French Revolutionist:
appointed member of the directory,
9, 296, 10, 361; endeavors to estab-
lish the deistical religion, 10, 372;
attacked by the councils, 404; re-
signs the directorial authority, 404
Largos, Portugal: battle of (1759), 1 1,
501
Largs, Scotland: battle of (ca. 1261),
16, 100
La Rioja, a province of Brazil: insur-
rections in (1867), 31, 132
Larissa, Thessaly, Greece: invite aid
of Macedonians, 2, 444; taken by
Pelopidas, 444; appeals to Philip,
461; in modern Greece, 548; battle
of (171 B. C), 3, 149
La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, Fran-
gois Alexandre Frederic, Duke de
(1747-1827), French philanthropist
and politician: pleads for the Con-
stitution, 10, 59; directs the Feuil-
lant Club, 128
La Roche jacquelin, Henry du Verger,
Count de (1 772-1 794), French Ven-
dean leader: supports insurrection
in the Vendee, 9, 283
La Rossa: see Khurrem
La Rothiere, France: battle of (1814),
9, 345
La Rotta, Piedmont, Italy: battle of
(1639), 9, 193
Lars Porsena (ca. 500 B. C), an
Etruscan chief: conquers Rome, 3,
56
Lars Tolumnius, King of Veii, ca. 425
B. C: at war against Rome, 3, 58
La Salle, Marquis de (ca. 1790), a
French revolutionist: made second
in command of militia, 10, 62
La Salle, Rene Robert Cavelier, Sieur
de, French explorer: born at Rouen,
France, November 30, 1643; was ed-
ucated by the Jesuits; went to
Canada, 1666; set out, 1669, in search
of a waterway which would lead
to the South Sea and offer a route
to China; discovered the Ohio
River; visited France, 1674, and was
ennobled; explored the Great Lakes
and attempted to colonize their
shores, 1679; descended the Illinois
and the Mississippi and reached the
Gulf of Mexico, April 9, 1682, and
named the region Louisiana; en-
deavored to plant a colony at the
mouth of the Mississippi, 1684, but
failed to reach this point and landed
on the coast of Texas, probably in
the neighborhood of Matagorda
GENERAL INDEX
399
Bay, where he built a fort; was on
his way to Canada to obtain pro-
visions for this colony when he was
assassinated by some of his dissatis-
fied companions near the Trinity
River, March 20, 1687
Explorations of, 20, 85, 23, 51
Las Amarillas, Augustin Ahumada,
Marques de (ca. 1750), Spanish
statesman: his administration as
viceroy of New Spain, 22, 199
Las Casas, Bartolome de (1474-1566),
Spanish Dominican priest, Bishop of
Chiapa: introduces slavery into
South America, 21, 44; aids natives
in Mexico, 20, 45
Las Casas, Francisco de (ca. 1525), a
Spanish explorer: his expedition to
Honduras, 22, 430
Las Cruces, Mexico: battle of (1810),
22, 237
La Serna, Alonzo de (ca. 1620), Arch-
bishop of Mexico: opposes Mexia,
22, 154
Las Heras, Juan Gregorio de (1780-
1866), Spanish-American general:
made president of Argentine Repub-
lic, 21, 120
Las Navas de Tolosa: see Tolosa, Las
Navas de
Lasource, Marine David Albin (1762-
I 793) French Girondist: death of,
10, 279
Las Quasimas, Cuba: battle of (1898),
20, 460, 24, 1029
Lassalle, Ferdinand (1 825-1 864), a
German socialist: influence of, 18,
438
Lassen, Captain (ca. 1800), a Danish
sailor: at the battle of Copenhagen,
16, 256
Last of the Barons, The: see Warwick,
Richard Neville, Earl of
Lastera, General (ca. 1830), a Chilean
soldier and statesman: made presi-
dent of Chili, 21, 216
Laswari, India: battle of (1803), 5
20, 136
Latimer, Lord (ca. 1376), an English
statesman: impeached, 11, 172; re-
turns to court, 172
Latimer, Hugh (ca. 1485-1555), Bishop
of Worcester, English ecclesiastic,
called the Apostle of England: re-
forms of, 11, 252; preaches against
the vice of the times, 267; death of,
271
Latin America, broadly speaking, is
composed of South America, Central
America, Mexico, and most of the
West Indies; present conditions, 21,
291
Latin League, a confederation of the
cities of Latium existing from the
earliest times to 338 B. C. : forma-
tion, 3, 9; Rome becomes president
of, 20; dissolved, 64, 67
Latin Nations, the European coun-
tries touched by early Roman civ-
ilization: characteristics of, 20, 7,
25
Latins, in ancient times the inhabit-
ants of Latium: early settlements,
3, 7; wars with neighboring tribes,
63; contribute to Austro-Hungarian
history, 17, 5
Latium, country of the Latins, Italy:
location, 3, 4; description of, 7;
early civilization in, 8; league with
Rome, 21; threatened by the Etrus-
cans, 56
La Torre, Gomez de (19th century),
South American statesman: candi-
date for president of Ecuador, 21,
114
Latorre, Lorenzo (19th century),
South American statesman: made
provisional governor of Uruguay
(1876), 21, 146; his dictatorship in
Uruguay, 258
Latorre, Miguel de (ca. 1820), South
American statesman: succeeds Mo-
rillo, 21, 72
Latour, Count Theodore Baillet de
(1780-1840), Austrian statesman:
death of, 17, 376, 18, 401
La Tour d' Auvergne (19th century),
French statesman: made minister
for foreign affairs, 9, 459
Latour-Maubourg, Charles Fay, Mar-
quis of (ca. 1810), French soldier:
becomes minister of war, 9, 372;
escorts Louis XVI back to Paris,
10, 138
400
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
La Tremouille, Duke of (ca. 1600),
French noble: leader of discontented
nobles, 9, 172
La Tremouille, Louis II, Sire de
(1460-1525), French soldier: his
campaign against the rebel princes,
9, 128; besieges Novara, 132
Laud, William (1573-1645), English
prelate, Achbishop of Canterbury:
advises Charles I regarding church
matters, II, 329; imprisoned in the
Tower, 337; draws up a Liturgy, 12,
336; severity of, in England, 23,
88; execution of, II, 352
Lauderdale, John Maitland, Duke of
(1616-1682), Scottish politician:
sketch of, 11, 395; appointed com-
missioner to Scotland, 12, 347
Laudon, Baron Gideon Ernst von
(1717-1790), Austrian general: in the
Seven Years' War, 9, 246, 14, 356,
15, 148, 17, 244, 18, 338, 340; his
campaign against Turkey, 17, 271
Laudonniere, Rene Goulaise de (d.
1566), French Protestant leader: at-
tempts to plant a colony on the St.
John's River, 23, 47
Launceston, Van Diemen's Land:
founded, 20, 188
Laupen, Switzerland: siege of (1339),
13, 374
Lauray Valley, Virginia: devastated by
Sheridan, 24, 793
Laurel Hill, Virginia: battle of (1861),
24, 733
Laurens, Henry (1724-1792), American
diplomat: sent as minister to the
Netherlands, 23, 268; appointed
member of peace commission, 286;
quoted on slavery, 24, 562
Lauria, Roger de (ca. 1280), Spanish
soldier: his campaigns in the Two
Sicilies, 8, 245; at Rosas, 246
Laurier, Sir Wilfred (1841 ), Cana-
dian statesman: wins victory for
Liberals, 20, 173
Lauriston, General (19th century),
French military officer: at the bat-
tle of Sedan, 18, 423
Lauriston, Alexander Jacques Bernard
Law, Marquis de (1 768-1828), French
general: at the Beresina, 15, 253
Laurium, Greece: silver mines of, 2,
75
Lausanne, University of, Switzerland:
founded, 13, 448
Lautrec, Marshal de (1485-1528),
French soldier: his campaign in
Italy, 9, 141
Lavalle (ca. 1830), South American
patriot: leads the Unitarians, 21,
122; leads rebellion, 123
Lavalle, Lopez (ca. i860), Peruvian
general: leads the Opposition party,
21, 201
Lavalleja, General (ca. 1840), a South
American patriot: in Gurzon's re-
bellion, ai, 139
La Vallette, John de (1554-1642),
Grand Master of the Knights of St.
John: defends Malta, 14, 170, 172
Lavarre (ca. 1790), Bishop of Nancy:
at opening of the States-General,
10, 41
Lavater, Johann Caspar (1741-1801),
Swiss poet and theologian: sketch
of, 13, 491, 492
Lavater, Rudolf (ca. 1525), bailiff of
Kilburg, Switzerland: quells insur-
rection, 13, 437; at the battle of
Kappel, 444
La Vauguyon, Duke of (ca. 1790),
French statesman: made member of
council, 9, 263, 10, 56
Laverdi (d. 1794), French minister:
death of, 9, 289
Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent (1743-
1794), French chemist: death of, 9,
289
Law: see Government, Statutes, Con-
stitutions, Jurisprudence, Land Laws
and Marriage Laws and Customs
Law, Edward, Baron Ellenborough
(1790-1871), English statesman and
soldier: his governor-generalship of
India, 5, 218; finance member of
the governor-general's council, 274;
value of his work in India, 282
Law, John (1671-1729), Scotch finan-
cier, called The Paper King: revives
French interest in India, 5, 170;
schemes of, 9, 229
Law of Public Safety, The, measure
of ostracism during French Revolu-
GENERAL INDEX
401
tion: presented by the commission
of the younger council, 10, 392
Lawfeld, Netherlands: battle of (1747),
9, 240
Lawrence, Kansas: sacked (1861), 24,
651
"Lawrence," American frigate: Per-
ry's flagship, 23, 423
Lawrence, Saint (6th century A. D.),
English prelate: becomes second
Archbishop of Canterbury, 11, 30
Lawrence, Abbot (1792-1855), Amer-
ican politician: vituperates govern-
ment, 23, 513
Lawrence, Amos (1 786-1852), Amer-
ican merchant and philanthropist:
one of three early millionaires, 24,
479
Lawrence, James (1781-1813), Amer-
ican naval officer: death, 23, 424
Lawrence, .Sir Henry Montgomery
(1806-1857), English soldier: ap-
pointed to be resident at Lahore, 5,
221; death of, 237
Lawrence Sir John Laird Mair (181 1-
1879), English archaeologist and dip-
lomat: sketch of, 5, 222; adminis-
trator of the Punjab, 223; antici-
pates the Mutiny, 235; becomes gov-
ernor-general of India, 245
Lawrence, Stringer (1697-1775), Eng-
lish soldier: at siege of Pondicherri,
5, 179
Lawrence, Sir Walter Roper (b. 1857),
British officer in India: sketch of,
5, 277; attends the Prince of Wales
on his visit to India, 309
Lawton, Henry Wade (1843-1899),
American military officer: in San-
tiago campaign, 24, 1029; death,
1037
Lazarev, Admiral (ca. 1830), Russian
naval officer: in battle of Navarino,
15, 277; aids Turkey against Me-
hemet AH* 290
Lazarus, King of Servia, ca. 1390: ac-
count of, 14, 34, ^6
Lazear, Jesse W. (d. 1899), American
physician: heroism of, 20, 330
Lazzara, Italy: battle of (1702), 8,
390
Leaf - wearers : see Juangs
League above the Sea, league of the
towns of St. Gall, Werdenberg, Sar-
gaus, Feldkirch, Bludenz (1405), 13,
391
League of God's House, league of
Swiss states: (1367), 13, 394; (1498),
394
League of the Public Good, a union
of powerful French nobles against
Louis XI (1465), 9, 122
League of the Three Emperors, league
of Russia, Germany, and Austria
(1875), 14, 474
Leagues and Alliances:
Legendary Age.
Amphictyonic Leagues, 2, 24
Hexapolis, 2, 56
Ionian, 2, 56
B. C.:
753. Etruscan clans, 3, 24
753. Latin League, 3, 9, 20, 21
7th century. Boeotian League, 2,
13, 47, 148, 186
ca. 660. Arcadian League, 2, 74
560. Laconian Alliance, 2, yy
481. Pan Hellenic League, 2, 178
477. Delian League, 2, 227
431. Spartan Alliance, 2, 274
427. Ionian cities in Sicily, 2, 299
399. Persia, Athens, and Greek
states, 1, 167
395. Persia and Athens, 1, 167
392-379. Chalcidian League, 2.
420
378. Athens and Asiatic cities, 2,
454
370. Arcadian League revived, 2,
439
311. Hernican League, 3, 71
285. Against Rome, 3, 75
280. Achaean League revived, 2,
5i6
251. Aetolian League revived, 2,
5i6
205. Philip of Macedon and Anti-
ochus, 3, 139
71. Coalition against Pompeius, 3,
267
67-63. Slaves and Celts in Italy,
3, 280
57. Caesar and the Remi, 3, 303
50. Gallic tribes, 3, 298
43. Antonius, Lepidus, and Octa-
vius form triumvirate, 4, 15
402
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Leagues, cont.
A. D.:
260. Germanic tribes, 9, 13
451. Aetius and Visigoths, 18, 41
596. Burgundy and Austrasia, 9,
30
630. Dagobert and Lombards, 17,
20
791. Charlemagne and Czechs, 17,
30
843. Charles the Bald and Ludwig,
18,93
1164. First Lombard League, 4,
194
1 167. Second Lombard League, 4,
202, 18, 151
1241. Hanseatic League, 18, 174,
273, 20, 15
1278. Hapsburg and Hungary, 17,
76
1291. Perpetual League, 13, 362
1333-1336. Perpetual League of
Forest States, 13, 373
1334. Louis of France and Bur-
gundy against Berne, 13, 374
1340. Ten Years League between
Austria and Berne, 13, 375
1347. League of Valencia, 8, 251
1363. Castile and England, 8, 166
1367. League of God's House, 13,
394
1378. Against Venice, 4, 239
1389. Against Murad, 14, 33
I 393- Lucerne League, 13, 385
1393. Zurich League, 13, 385
1395. Upper League, 13, 394
1395- Gray League, 13, 394
1405. League Above the Sea, 13, 391
1435. Burgundy and Charles VII,
11, 205
1442. Austria and Zurich, 13, 399
I 4SS- Quadruple League, 4, 264
1467. England and Belgium, 13,
44
1485. Against Anne of Orleans, 9,
127
1489. Suabian League, 18, 219
1495. League of Venice, 4, 290, 8,
269
1500. Against Milan, 4, 291
1505. Spain and France, 8, 189
1508. Against Venice, 4, 292, 13
53
1511. Holy League, 9, 135, ", 236
1513. England, Netherlands, and
Emperor, 13, 54
1518. England, France, Leo X,
Maximilian, and Spain, 11, 237
1520. Cortez and the Tlascalans,
33, 43
1525. England and France, 11, 242
1526. League of Cognac, 4, 303
1527. Evangelical Alliance, 13, 441
1537- League of Smalkalde, 9, 142,
17, I9S 18, 250, 254
1537- First Geraldine League, 12,
81
1565. Mohammedan princes, 5, 151
1567. Second Geraldine League, 12,
90
1571. Maritime League (Pope,
Spain, Venice and Knights of
Malta), 14, 196
1576. Union of Utrecht, 8, 361
1586. Borromean or Golden
League, 13, 458
1606. Russia and Sweden, 15, 20
1608. Catholic League, 17, 205, 18,
264
1608. Protestant League, 18, 265
1609. League of Prague, 17, 199
1633. Sweden and Protestant
princes, 16, 186
1637. France and Holland, 13, 213
1643. New England Confederation,
23, 96
1656. France and England, 9, 206
1668. Triple Alliance (England,
Sweden, and Netherlands), 11,
393, 13, 235, 18, 300
1672. France, England, and Sweden
against Holland, 18, 300
1673. Holland and Spain, 18, 301
1675. Emperor, Denmark, and
Brandenburg against France, 16,
234
1686. League of Augsburg, 4, 326,
9, 217, 13, 243, 18, 304
1687. Holy Alliance, 14, 256
1709. Denmark and Saxony, 16,
221
1717. Triple Alliance (France, Eng-
land, and Netherlands), 8, 405, 9,
228
1717. Sweden and Spain, 11, 472
1718. Quadruple Alliance (Em-
GENERAL INDEX
403
peror, England, France, and Hol-
land), ii, 472, 13, 253, 18, 320
1728. Spain and France, 9, 235
1731. France, the Emperor, Spain,
and Holland, 9, 235
1733- Family Compact, 11, 480
1738. Francis I and Suleiman the
Magnificent, 16, 227
1741. France, Spain, Prussia, Sar-
dinia, and Poland against Austria,
4, 333, 9, 237, 17, 241, 18, 329
1741. Austria, England, Holland,
and Hanover, 18, 330
1743. England and Austria, 9, 241
1743. Saxony and Austria, 17, 241
1746. Austria and Russia, 17, 242
1748. Triple Alliance, 15, 142
1756. Austria, Russia, and France,
15, 144. 17, 243, 18, 334
1778. France and American colo-
nies, 11, 517, 23, 267
1788. Triple Alliance (England,
Holland, and Prussia), 10, 133,
14, 360
1791. First Coalition against
France, 10, 134, 11, 541, 18, 356
1796. France and Spain, 11, 547
1797. Germany and Savoy against
France, 4, 327
1798-1802. Second Coalition against
France, 10, 401, 11, 549, 18, 362
1800. Northern Maritime League
(Russia, Sweden, and Prussia), 16,
255
1801. Russia, Sweden, and Den-
mark, 11, 552
1802. Third Coalition against
France, 10, 454, 11, 553, 15, 214,
18, 366
1806. Fourth Coalition against
France, 10, 469, 11, 557
1806. Confederation of the Rhine,
9, 327, 17. 304, 18, 367
1807. Alexander and Napoleon, 15,
215
1807. Tugendbund, 18, 376
1808. Fifth Coalition against
France, 8, 529, 10, 476
1808. England and Portugal, 8,
528
1813. Sixth Coalition against
France, 10, 488, 16, 254, 18, 383
1814. Hetaeria Philike in Greece,
2, 541
1815. Holy Alliance, 8, 494, 11, 574,
15, 266, 18, 393, 21, 78, 23, 446
1815. Deutscher Bund, 18, 392
1833. League of Sarnen, 13, 541
1834. Quadruple Alliance, 8, 497
1835. Bolivia and Peru, 21, 195
1837. Slavs, 17, 343
1838. Anti-Corn-League, 11, 600
1841. Asuncion and Corrientes, 21,
155
1845. Sonderbund, 13, 550
1849. Against Russia during Cri-
mean War, 4, 371, 14, 451, 458
1861. Spain, France, and England,
22, 384
1865. Triple Alliance against Para-
guay, 21, 131, 176
1872. Katipunan (Philippine Is-
lands), 20, 314
1875. Three Emperors, 14, 474
1879. Austria and Germany against
Russia, 17, 448
1880. Land League in Ireland, 11,
633
1881. Albanian League, 14, 492
1882. Triple Alliance, 4, 403, 17,
426
1893. Federation League, 20, 204
1896. Dual Alliance (France and
Russia), 9, 489
1897. Ethnike Hetairia (National
League), 14, 503
1902. Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 7,
281, 11, 642
Leahy, Scandinavia: battle of (1389),
16, 121
Leander, Saint (6th century A. D.),
Spanish prelate, Bishop of Seville:
urges Ermenigild to accept Catholi-
cism, 8, 41; sketch of, 59
Learmouth, of Ereildoun, Thomas,
(13th century), Scottish poet:
sketch of, 12, 268
Lebas, Philippe Frangois (1765-1794),
French Jacobin: arrested, 9, 291,
10, 314; released, 315; death of, 9,
291, 10, 318
Lebceuf, Edmond (1809-1888), French
soldier: becomes minister of war,
9, 459
404
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Lebon, Joseph (i765-i795) French
revolutionist: character of, 10, 324;
impeachment of, 324
Le Brun (Lebrun), Charles Francois
(1739-1824), Duke of Piacenza,
French statesman: appointed con-
sul, 9, 315; made arch-treasurer of
the empire, 322
Lech, river in Tyrol: battles of the
(955 A. D.), 18, 112; (1632), 9, 190,
16, 181, 18, 282
Lech (ca. 450 A. D.), a Czech chief-
tain: leads migration of the Czechs,
17, 18
Lechelle (ca. 1790), French Revolu-
tionist: appointed sole general-in-
chief by the committee of public
safety, 10, 276
Lecher, Doctor (ca. 1900), Moravian
representative: in the Reichsrath of
1897, 17, 434
Lechfeld, Bavaria: battle of (955 A.
D.), 17, 88
Lecky, William Edward Hartpole
(1838-1903), a British philosopher:
quoted on the Boston tea-party, 23,
220
Leclerc, Victor Emmanuel (1772-
1802), a French general: his expe-
dition to Santo Domingo, 20, 140
Lecointre, Laurent (d. 1805), a French
regicide: denounces Billaud, Collot,
Barrere, of the committee of public
safety, and Nadier, Amar, and Von-
land, of the committee of general
safety, 10, 323
Lecompton Constitution, a pro-slavery
constitution drawn up for Kansas
(1857), but rejected: 24, 662
Leconte, Claude Martin (1817-1871),
a French soldier: captured by the
commune, 9, 470
Lecuona, Domingo (ca. 1900), West
Indian soldier: chosen governor of
Matanzas, 22, 468
Leczinski, Maria (1703-1768), Polish
princess: marries Louis XV of
France, 15, 118
Ledenberg (d. 1619), Dutch patriot:
arrest and death of, 13, 199
Ledru-Rollin, Alexandre Auguste
(1808-1874), French politician: mem-
ber of the provisional government,
9 4355 attempts to incite insurrec-
tion in Paris, 439
Lee, Arthur (1740-1792), American
diplomat: commissioned as minister
to France, 23, 265; signs Treaty of
Versailles, 267; sent to Berlin, 268
Lee, Charles (1731-1782), American
Revolutionary general: appointed
major-general, 23, 231; disobeys
Washington's orders, 245; early ca-
reer, 245; captured by British, 247;
exchanged, 263; at battle of Mon-
mouth, 263; court-martialed, 263; ex-
pelled from the army, 263; death and
burial, 264
Lee, Fitzhugh (1835 ), American
general: recalled from Havana, 22,
458; appointed major-general, 24,
1028
Lee, Henry (1756-1818), American
general: member of Virginia ratify-
ing convention, 23, 337; in Jackson's
"Kitchen Cabinet," 485; quoted on
slavery in Virginia, 24, 564
Lee, Richard Henry (1 732-1 794),
American statesman: delegate to
first Continental Congress, 23, 223;
delegate to second Continental Con-
gress, 229; proposes a declaration
of independence, 238; opposed to
Constitutional Convention, 324; op-
poses ratification of the Constitu-
tion, 33s; member of Virginia ratifi-
cation committee, 336; in first
Congress, 342; his eulogy of Wash-
ington, 380
Lee, Robert Edward, an American sol-
dier: born in Westmoreland Co.,
Va., January 19, 1807; graduated at
West Point, 1829; took part in the
Mexican War; was superintendent
of West Point Military Academy,
1852-1855; gave up his commission
in the United States army, 1861; be-
came major-general of the Virginia
forces, 1861, and commander of the
Army of Northern Virginia, 1862;
fought in many battles of the Civil
War and finally surrendered to
Grant at Appomattox, April 9, 1865;
died at Lexington, Va., October 12,
1870
In the Mexican War, 22, 326, 345,
GENERAL INDEX
405
24, 554; captures Brown at Harper's
Ferry, 24, 674; sketch of, 760; plans
invasion of North, 764; withdraws
from Maryland after Antietam, 765;
generalship praised, 771; second in-
vasion of North, 778; makes over-
tures for peace, 811; surrenders Con-
federate army, 811
Lee, Stephen D. (ca. 1850), American
Confederate general: at Chickasaw
Bayou, 24, 776
Lee, William (ca. 1750), an American
ambassador: sent to Austria, 23,
268
Leedes (ca. 1550), an English mer-
chant: enters the service of the
Great Mogul, 5, 157
Leesburg, Virginia: battle of (1862),
24, 757
Leeward Islands, in the West Indies:
government of, 20, 245; under
French rule, 276
Lefebvre, Frangois Joseph (1755
1820), a French general: his cam-
paign in the Tyrol, 17, 300
Lefent (ca. 1790), French revolution-
ist: leader of the commune, 10, 203
Leflo, Adolphe Emmanuel Charles
(1804-1887), French general: arrest
of, 9, 441
Lefort, Frangois (1656-1699), a Swiss
general: sketch of, 15, 28; sent as
Russian ambassador, 33; death of,
37
Left, The, the French Radical party:
origin and use of the term, 10, 82;
its principal speakers, 155
Legal Tender Act, in United States
history, a financial war measure
(1862): passed, 24, 819; before the
Supreme Court, 900
Legations, in Peking: siege of (1900),
6, 283, 301, 302
Legazpi, Miguel Lopez de (1510-1572),
Spanish conqueror of the Philip-
pines: establishes Spanish control in
the Philippines, 5, 157
Legendre, Louis (1756-1797), French
Revolutionary demagogue: renews
Lecointre's impeachment of the
democratic party of the committees,
10, 325
Le Gentil (Labarbinais) (ca. 1700), a
French traveller: his explorations,
21, 34
Leger (ca. 650 A. D.), Burgundian
bishop: rebellion of, 9, 34
Legge, William, Earl of Dartmouth
(1731-1801), English statesman: dis-
missed from office, 11, 496
Legion, The Infernal: see Infernal
Legion, The
Legion of Honor, Order of, a French
honorary order for civil and military
services: instituted (1802), 9, 319,
10, 451
Legnano, Italy: battles of (1176), 4,
195. 18, 152; (1796), 9, 300; (1799),
10, 403
Lehardy (d. 1793), a French revolu-
tionist: death of, 10, 279
Lehwald, Marshal (ca. 1750), a Ger-
man general: at Gross-Jagerndorf,
15, 146; campaign of, 18, 336
Leibnitz, Baron Gottfried Wilhelm
von (1646-1716), a German physi-
cian: consulted by Peter the Great,
15, 85, 18, 308, 320
Leicester, England: siege of (1645),
ii, 353
Leicester, Earl of (ca. 1150), an Eng-
lish nobleman: appointed Justiciar,
11, 98
Leicester, Robert Dudley, Earl of
(1532-1588), an English politician:
his campaigns in the Netherlands, 8,
362, 13, 150
Leif Eriksson (ca. 1000 A. D.), a
Norse adventurer: introduces Chris-
tianity into Greenland, 16, 47; dis-
coveries of, 49, 23, 19
Leighton, Alexander (1 568-1649), a
Scottish physician: leader of the
Episcopal Church, 12, 358
Leinder, Lewis (ca. 1750), a German
mining engineer: sets up the first
laboratory in Mexico, 22, 217
Leinster, Duke of (ca. 1750), an Irish
political leader: leader of the Popu-
lar Party, 12, 173
Leipsic (Leipzig), Germany: battles of
(1631), 9, 190, 18, 280, 283; (1642),
16, 187; (1745), 18, 33U (1813)
(called The Battle of the Peoples
406
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
and The Battle of Nations), 4, 349,
8, 486, 9, 343, 10, 488, 11, 566, 13,
272, 524, 15, 261, 17, 308, 18, 384;
(1866), 410
Leipsic, University of, Germany:
founded, 17, 121, 18, 202
Leisler, Jacob (d. 1691), an American
patriot: heads revolution, 23, 105;
execution of, 106
Leitha, Austria-Hungary: battle of the
(1246), 17, 59, 94
Leland Stanford University, Califor-
nia: suffers from San Francisco
earthquake, 24, 1084
Lelantine War, a war between Chalus
and Eretria for possession of Lelas
(ca. 700 B. C.) 3 115
Lelewel, Joachim (1786-1861), Polish
historian: in the Polish insurrection,
15, 293
Lely, Sir Peter (1618-1680), Dutch-
English artist: sketch of, II, 418
Lemaire, Jacques (d. 1616), Dutch
navigator: discoveries of, 21, 32
Lemaitre, John (ca. 1590), President
of Parlement of Paris: presents
wishes of the Parlement to May-
enne, 9, 168
Le Mans, France: battle of (1871), 18,
425
Lemberg, Austria-Hungary: sieges of
(1672), 14, 245; (1675), 245; made
the capital of Galicia, 17, 248; popu-
lar uprising in (1848), 366
Lemberg, Count (d. 1849), governor
of Pesth: murder of, 15, 300
Lemnos, island in iEgean Sea: sieges
of (1771), 14, 328, 15, 180
Lennox, Matthew Stuart, Earl of
(1510-1571), Scottish soldier and
statesman: supports policy of Henry
VIII of England, 12, 305; made
regent of Scotland, 321; death of,
322
Lens, France: battle of (1648), 9, 200
Lentulus, Publius Cornelius (d. 63 B.
C), Roman politician: member of
Catilinarian conspiracy, 3, 283
Leo (I) the Great (d. 461), Pope, 440-
461: his interview with Attila, 4,
148, 18, 42
Leo III (d. 816), Pope, 795-8i6: his
relations with Charlemagne, 18, 84;
crowns Charlemagne, 4, 176; im-
plores aid from Charlemagne, 9, 44
Leo IV, Pope, 847-855: pontificate of,
Ii 3555 builds defense for Rome
against barbarians, 4, 179
Leo IX (Bruno) (1002-1054), Pope,
1049-1054: travels through western
Europe, II, 62; assists Henry III of
Germany, 18, 130; his relations with
the Normans, 4, 186, 18, 130
Leo X (Giovanni de' Medici) (1475-
1521), Pope, 1513-1521: accession of,
9, 135; golden age of, 4, 296; op-
poses election of Charles V of Ger-
many, 18, 231; his sale of indul-
gences, 235; joins league between
England and France, 11, 237; con-
troversy with Martin Luther, 11,
245, 18, 237, 238; contemporary of
Suleiman the Great, 14, 145; death,
4, 300, 11, 243, 18, 245
Leo XIII (Giacchino Pecci) (1810-
1903), Pope, 1878-1903: pontificate
of, 4, 399, 18, 442
Leo, King of Italy, 855-875: succeeds
Lothaire, 4, 179
Leo the Isaurian (d. 741), Byzantine
Emperor, 718-741 : at the siege of
Constantinople, 1, 330, 2, 533, 14,
4; introduces dissensions into the
church, 4, 169
Leoben, Treaty of, a treaty between
Napoleon Bonaparte and the Aus-
trians (i793), 9, 303, 10, 383, 13, 264,
18, 361
Leofric (d. 1057), Earl of Merced:
mediates between Godwine and Ed-
ward the Confessor, 11, 61
Leofwine (d. 1066), Earl of Mercia:
his influence, 11, 60
Leogone, Hayti: battle of (1843), 22,
498
Leon, Juan Velasquez de (ca. 1515),
Spanish explorer: joins Cortez, 22,
10
Leon, Ponce de: see Ponce de Leon
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Ital-
ian painter, architect, sculptor, mu-
sician, mechanician, and scientist:
sketch of his career, 4, 208
Leonidas, King of Sparta: succeeded
his brother, Cleomenes I, 400 B. C.J
was in command of the small band,
GENERAL INDEX
407
who defended the pass of Ther-
mopylae, 480 B. C, against Xerxes
and his host, and maintained their
position until they were all slain
Given command of land force
against Persians, 2, 186; slain at
Thermopylae, 193
Leonine City, part of City of Rome:
founded, 4, 179
Leonora (d. 1479), Queen of Navarre:
reign of, 8, 215
Leonora (ca. 1372), Queen of Por-
tugal: marries Ferdinand I of Por-
tugal, 8, 291; acknowledged as
queen, 292; intrigues of, 293; taken
as prisoner to Spain, 298
Leonora (ca. 1220), daughter of Al-
fonso VIII of Castile: marries
Jay me I of Aragon, 8, 240; mar-
riage annulled, 243
Leonora (ca. 1347), infanta of Portu-
gal: marries Pedro IV of Aragon, 8,
251
Leonora of Castile (d. 1356), Queen
of Aragon: her quarrel with Pedro
IV of Aragon, 8, 250; death of, 253
Leonora de Guzman, Dona (ca. 1350),
mistress of Alfonso XI of Leon:
sketch of, 8, 160, 285
Leonora of Sardinia (ca. 1368) : at war
with Pedro IV of Aragon, 8, 256
Leontiades of Thebes (4th century
B. C), polemarch of Thebes: his
treachery, 2, 421; murdered, 424
Leontiev, Prince (ca. 1730), Russian
deputy: his mission to Anne, 15, 106
Leontini, Sicily: taken by Hiero, 2,
219; captured by Syracusans, 328;
appeals to Athens, 329; resettled by
Syracusans, 410; in the hands of
Hiketas, 417
"Leopard," a British frigate: attacks
the " Chesapeake," 23, 409
Leopold I (1640-1705), Holy Roman
Emperor, 1658-1705, called The Lit-
tle Man in Red Stockings: reign of,
17, 183, 18, 299; reign of, as King
of Hungary, 17, 228; at war with
Turkey, 14, 266; receives Shereme-
tiev, 15, 36; claims Spanish throne,
4, 327, 8, 384, 13, 247
Leopold II (1747-1792), Holy Roman
Emperor, 1790-1792: reign of, as
Grand Duke of Tuscany, 4, 332;
reign of, as Emperor, 17, 275, 18,
354; his Belgian policy, 13, 262; as
King of Hungary, 17, 330; as King
of Bohemia, 340; desires peace with
Turkey, 14, 357; death of, 10, 167
Leopold I (1790-1865), King of Bel-
gium, 1831-1865, called The Nestor
of Europe: election of, 13, 299; ac-
cession of, 9, 399, 13, 300; reign of,
13, 304
Leopold II, King of Belgium, 1865-
: born at Brussels, April 9,
1835, son of Leopold I and Louisa,
daughter of Louis Philippe of
France; married Marie Henriette of
Austria, August 22, 1853; ascended
the throne, December 10, 1865;
founded the International African
Association, 1876; became sovereign
of the Congo Free State, 1885
Reign of, 13, 307; plans explora-
tion and civilization of Africa, 19,
60; made ruler of Congo Free State,
117; wills his African possessions to
Belgium, 250
Leopold (I) the Illustrious, Margrave
of Austria, 973-994: sketch of, 17,
89
Leopold (II) the Handsome, Mar-
grave of Austria, 1075-1096: reign
of, 17, 90
Leopold III, Margrave of Austria,
1096-1136: reign of, 17, 90
Leopold IV, Margrave of Austria,
1136-1141: reign of, 17, 90; acquires
Bavaria, 18, 144
Leopold V (1157-1194), Duke of Aus-
tria, 1177-1194: reign of, 17, 91; be-
trays Richard Cceur de Lion, 9, 76,
18, 156
Leopold (VI) the Proud, Duke of
Austria, 1 198-1230: reign of, 17, 92
Leopold I (1292-1326), Duke of Aus-
tria, 1308-1326: at battle of Morgar-
ten, 18, 187; conspiracy of, 188; his
war with the Swiss, 196
Leopold (II or III) the Pious (1350-
1386), Duke of Austria, 1365-1386:
reign of, 17, 105, 106
Leopold (early 17th century), Arch-
duke of Austria, a general in the
Thirty Years' War: invades Bo-
408
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
hernia, 17, 200; in the Succession of
Cleves dispute, 18, 266; at the battle
of Breitenfeld, 16, 187
Leopold I, Grand Duke of Tuscany:
see Leopold II, Holy Roman Em-
peror
Leopold II (1797-1870), Grand Duke
of Tuscany, 1824-1859: restored to
his dominions, 4, 368
Leopold ( 1 676-1 747), Prince of An-
halt-Dessau: campaigns of, 18, 314;
organizes the Prussian army, 321
Leopold (1835 ), Prince of Hohen-
zollern: sketch of, 18, 416
Leopold (early 19th century), Prince
of Saxe-Coburg: marries Charlotte
of England, II, 573
Leopold (17th century), son of Ferdi-
and II of Austria: receives Bremen
and Magdeburg, 18, 277; defeats
Baner, 291
Leopoldville, Africa: founded, 19, 69
Leosthenes (d. 323 B. C.)> Athenian
general, 2, 512
Leotychides, King of Sparta, ca. 470
B. C: accession of, 2, 163; at My-
cale, 212
Leotychides the Younger (d. 399 B.
C), Spartan prince: his claims on
the throne of Sparta, 2, 391
Leovigild, King of the Visigoths, 569-
586 A. D.: reign of, 8, 41
Lepanto, Greece: battle of (1571), 2,
537, 4, 3io, 8, 355, 14, 5, 196; ac-
quired by Turks, 14, 113
Lepe, Diego de (1460-1515), Spanish
navigator: explorations of, 21, 15
Leper King of Scotland: see Robert
Bruce, King of Scotland
Leper Kings of England: see Henry
III and Henry IV, Kings of Eng-
land
Lepidus, Marcus .ffimilius (d. 137 B.
C), Roman consul and orator: left
in command of Spanish province, 8,
23
Lepidus, Marcus iEmilius (d. 77 B.
C), Roman consul, 78 B. C.: elected
consul, 3, 255; defeated by Pom-
peius, 255
Lepidus, Marcus .flSmilius (d. 13 B.
C.) Roman politician: blockaded in
his house, 3, 320; appointed prefect
of the city, 339; splendor of his
Roman home, 383; supports Anto-
nius against the murderers of Ceesar,
4, 7; marches from Spain to join
Antonius, 12; joins second trium-
virate, 14; made consul, 15; quar-
rels with Octavius, 21; death of, 31
Le Plongeon (ca. 1875), a Mexican
archaeologist: his work in Mexico,
22, 82
Lepreum, Greece: attacked by Elis, 2,
321
Lerdode Tejada, Sebastian (1825-
1889), Mexican statesman: sketch of,
22, 401; becomes provisional presi-
dent, 402
Lerida, Spain: battles of (65 B. C), 8,
22; (1642), 9, 194; (1646), 199
Lerma, Francisco de Sandoval, Duke
of (d. 1625), Spanish statesman: de-
sires peace with the Netherlands, 13,
187
Lermontov, Michael Ivanovitch (1811-
1841), Russian poet: parentage of,
15, 28; sketch of, 259
Lesbos, an island in the ^Egean Sea:
Pelasgis displaced in, 2, 53; submits
to Persia, 126; revolts from Athens,
291; subdued, 294; conquered by
Memnon, 490; taken by Saracens,
537
Lesches (ca. 650 B. C.), a Greek poet:
sketch of, 2, 31
Lescure, Louis Marie, Marquis de
(1766-1793), a French royalist: sup-
ports insurrection in the Vendee, 9,
283
Lesdiguieres, Frangois de Bonue de
(1543-1626), French marshal: con-
version of, 9, 182
Leslie, Alexander, Earl of Leven (d.
1661), Scottish general: leader of
the Covenanters, 12, 338; commands
invasion of Scots into England, 11,
348, 12, 339
Leslie, David (d. 1682), Scottish gen-
eral: commands Scottish forces, 11,
363; in the Civil War, 12, 339
Lessar, Paul (ca. 1875), a Russian
statesman: delimits the boundary
between Russian territories and
Afghanistan, 5, 265; appointed min-
ister to Peking, 7, 288
GENERAL INDEX
409
Lesseps, Ferdinand, Vicomte de, a
French diplomat: born at Versailles,
France, November 19, 1805; entered
public life as consular attachee at
Lisbon, 1828, and held various con-
sular offices; while vice-consul at
Alexandria his conduct during the
cholera won for him the cross of
the Legion of Honor; was consul at
Barcelona, 1842; was minister at
Madrid, 1848; went to Rome to ne-
gotiate a peace between the popular
party and the French army, 1849;
was director of the ship-canal across
the Isthmus of Suez, 1859-1869;
completed a plan for the construc-
tion of a canal across the Isthmus
of Panama, but the company was
forced into liquidation; accused of
breach of trust and condemned to
imprisonment, 1893, but was too ill
to be moved and died at his home
in Paris, December 7, 1894
Sketch of, 14, 468; president of
French canal construction company,
24, 1056
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim (1729-
1781), a German author: influence
of, 18, 332, 353
Lestocq (ca. 1800), a German general:
his campaign against Napoleon, 9,
329
Lestocq, Johann Herman (1695-1767)
a French surgeon: intrigues of, 15,
109, 131; rewarded by Elizabeth,
138; recalled, 153
Le Tellier, Michel (1603-1685), French
statesman: minister of war, 9, 207
Le Tourneur, Charles Louis Frangois
(1751-1817), French statesman: ap-
pointed member of the directory, 9,
296, 303, 10, 361
Letters, The Dictator of: see Voltaire
Letters, The Father of: see Louis
XII, King of France; also Francis
I, King of France; and also, Medici,
Lorenzo de'
Leu, Joseph (d. 1845), Swiss politi-
cian: leads the Ultramontanists, 13,
547; death of, 550
Leucas, Greece: makes war on Acar-
nanians, 2, 289
Leucopetra, Greece: battle of, 3, 166
Leuctra, Greece: battle of, 2, 432
Leuenberger, Nicholas (d. 1653), a
Swiss leader: incites an insurrection,
13, 471; death of, 473
Leuthen, Prussia: battle of (1757), 9,
245, 11, 499, 17, 244, 18, 337
Leuze, Flanders: battle of (1691), 9,
218
Levant, Company of the: see Com-
pany of the Levant
Levashev (ca. 1700), Russian general:
implores assistance, 15, 116
Levelers, The (1650), English radical
Democratic party: Cromwell sup-
presses, 11, 363
Leven, Alexander Leslie, Earl of: see
Leslie, Alexander, Earl of Leven
Levenhaupt, Adam (1659-1719), a
Swedish soldier: his campaign in
Russia, 16, 219; execution of, 228
Levitski, General (ca. 1850), a Russian
military officer: his campaign
against Turkey, 15, 333
Levy-en-masse, Decree of, French
Revolutionary measure (1793), 10,
272
Lewes, England: battle of (1264), 11,
140
Lewes, Mise of, an agreement between
Henry III and the barons under
Simon de Montford providing for
Parliamentary reform (1264), II,
140
Lewis (14th century), son of Lewis
of Bavaria: receives Brandenburg,
18, 190; treats with Charles IV of
Germany, 192
Lewis: see also Louis and Ludwig
Lewis, Meriwether (1774-1809), an
American explorer: explorations of,
20, 130, 23, 400
Lewis, William B. (19th century), an
American politician: supports Jack-
son, 23, 463; familiar adviser of
Jackson, 485
Lewis and Clark Expedition, an ex-
ploring expedition in the northwest-
ern part of the United States, 1804-
1806: main treatment, 23, 400; claim
for Oregon territory, 24, 542
Lex Julia (90 B. C), extending citi-
zenship to Italians, (90 B. C), 3,
208
410
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Lex Plautia Papiria, granting citizen-
ship to Italian allies (90 B. C.) 3,
208
Lex Sulplicia, Fourth, Roman military-
measure (88 B. C), 3, 210
Lexington, Massachusetts: battle of
(1775), 11, 515, 23, 226
Lexington, Virginia: seat of Virginia
Military Institute, 24, 772
Leyden, Holland: siege of (1574), 13
118
Leyden, John of: see John of Leyden
Leyden, University of, Holland:
sketch of, 13, 169
Leyva y de la Cerda, Juan de (ca.
iS5o), Spanish official in Mexico:
made viceroy of New Spain, 22, 171
Li (ca. 1625), a Chinese rebel: cap-
tures Peking, 6, 51; defeated by Wu
Sankwei, 53; death of, 54
Li Ching Fang (ca. 1890), Chinese en-
voy: negotiates treaty of peace with
Japan, 7, 273
Li Chiu (ca. 1600), Chinese captain:
his campaign against the Japanese
7, 119
Li Han Chang (ca. 1875), a Chinese
commissioner: appointed viceroy, 6,
239
Li Hung Chang (1821-1901), a Chi-
nese statesman: secures recognition,
6, 153; in T'aip'ing Rebellion, 198;
campaign against Nienfei rebels,
209; takes command at Tientsin,
226; urges increase of military de-
fenses, 246; concludes peace, 270;
sent as envoy to Japan, 270; made
viceroy of Kwang provinces, 279;
appointed plenipotentiary, 285; ac-
cepts terms of peace with powers,
286; dimissed from Tsungli Yumen,
292; appointed minister plenipoten-
tiary, 303, 305; negotiates conven-
tion with Japan, 7, 196; negotiates
treaty of peace with Japan, 273;
death of, 289
Li Ping-Heng (ca. 1899), governor of
Shantung: in Boxer rebellion, 6,
279; removal of, 297
Li Sei-kei (ca. 1390), a Korean gen-
eral: revolt of, 7, 102
Li Shunshin (ca. 1575), a Korean sol-
dier: his campaigns against the Jap-
anese, 7, 118, 120
Li T'aipo (7th century A. D.), Chinese
poet: sketch of, 6, 15
Liais, Emmanuel (1826 ), French
astronomer: organizes the observa-
tory of Rio Janeiro, 2, 179
Liakhov (18th century), Russian mer-
chant and Arctic explorer: explora-
tions of, 16, 306
Liam, Pedro Aranjo de (ca. 1830),
Brazilian patriot: made regent, 21,
170
Liaotung, a peninsula in southern
Manchuria: ceded to Japan, 6, 310;
Japan releases, 310
Liaoyang, Manchuria: battle of (1904),
6, 314, 7, 3io, 15, 362
Liberal Republican Movement: see
Republican Movement, Liberal
Liberal Union, German political party
(1875): description of, 18, 446 note
Liberation, War of: see Greek War of
Independence
Liberator, The Irish: see O'Connell,
Daniel
Liberator, The Russian: see Alexan-
der II, Emperor of Russia
Liberator, The South American: see
Bolivar, Simon
Liberia, African negro republic: re-
sources of, 19, 162; description of,
247
Liberius, Pope, 352-366 A. D.: exiled
by Constantius, 4, 125
"Liberty," colonial sloop: seized by
authorities for smuggling, 23, 205
Liberty, The Apostle of: see Jefferson,
Thomas
Liberty, Sons of, American Revolu-
tionary party: organized, 23, 212
" Liberty and union, now and forever,
one and inseparable," closing words
of Webster's speech (1830): cred-
ited, 23, 490
Liberty Party: see Abolitionist Party
Liberum Veto, Polish legislature regu-
lation (15th century): description of,
15, 380
Libno, Treaty of, concluded between
Mathias and Rudolph of Austria
(1608), 17, 199
GENERAL INDEX
411
Libo, Lucius Scribonius (ca. 50 B. C),
Roman leader: in battle with Dola-
bella (49 B. C), 3, 343
Libraries:
ASSYRIA and BABYLONIA: at
Erech, Larsa, Ur, Agade, Asshur,
Calah, and Ninevah, I, 107
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: Corvina
Library, 17, 166; Leopold I estab-
lishes court library, 189
CHINA: at Hanlin College, 6, 28;
destroyed, 284
DENMARK: University Library at
Copenhagen, 16, 237
EGYPT: Alexandrian, 1, 33, 297; of
the Fatimites, 346
ENGLAND: Bodleian at Oxford,
12, 6
FRANCE: established by Louis IX
at Paris, 9, 83; Biblotheque Nation-
ale increased, 10, 363
GERMANY: Heidelberg, 18, 273
GREECE: Hadrian establishes pub
lie library, 2, 523
ROME: Caligula rejects works of
Virgil and Livy from public libra-
ries, 4, 57
RUSSIA: St. Petersburg, 15, 34;
Zaluski Library, 199
SOUTH AMERICA: at Bogota,
21, 92; at Quito, 106; at Guayaquil,
108; at San Juan, Argentine Repub-
lic, 135
SPAIN: of Omayyads, 1, 346; at
Cordova, 8, xvi; of Alhakem II, 78
SWITZERLAND: at Zurich, Berne,
and St. Gall, 13, 452; at Wasser-
kirche, at Schaffhausen, Berne, and
Basle, 482; monastic libraries
opened (1798), 5*5
UNITED STATES: at Harvard,
23, 91, 140; at College of William
and Mary, 141 ; Congressional, 427
Library of Congress, Washington, D.
C: burned by British (1814), 23,
427
Libusa (8th century A. D.), Bohe-
mian princess: career of, 17, 29
Libya, northern Africa: relation of
civilization of, to Crete, 2, 22
Lichfield House Compact, political
agreement between the Liberal
Party in England and the Irish
emancipation leader (1835), II, 594
Lichnowsky, Felix Maria Andreas,
Prince von (1814-1848), a Prussian
general: murder of, 18, 400
Lichtenstein, Charles of (ca. 1600),
Bohemian governor: made govern-
or, 17, 207
Lichtenstein, Joseph Wenzel, Prince
(1696-1772), an Austrian general: di-
rects artillery, 17, 263
Licinian Laws (367 B. C), a series of
laws to adjust issues between the
Roman patricians and plebeians (367
B. C), 3, 48
Licinius (Caius Flavius Valerius Li-
cinianus) (d. 324 A. D.), a Roman
Emperor: made Caesar, 4, 118; his
reign in the East, 119; death, 120
Licinius, Gaius Calvus Stolo (4th cen-
tury B. C), a Roman tribune: re-
forms of, 3, 49
Liebknecht, Wilhelm (1826- 1900), a
German politician: leads the Social
Democrats, 18, 438
Liege, Belgium: revolt of (1467), 9,
123, 13, 44
Liegnitz, Prussia: battles of (1241),
15, 376; (1760), 9, 246, 18, 340
Liemar (ca. 1100), Archbishop of Bre-
men: his quarrel with Erik Ejegod,
16, 74
Lien, King of Korea, ca. 1600: at war
with Japan, 7, 117
Liesnoe, Russia: battle of (1708), 15,
49
Liestal, Switzerland: battle of (1831),
13, 537
Lieven, Prince (ca. 1800), a Russian
ambassador: at the English court,
15, 296
Light Brigade, Charge of the, a charge
made by the Light Brigade of 670
men on a Russian battery (1854)
at Balaklava: description of, 11, 616,
15, 315
Light of Greece, The: see Corinth
Light of the World, The: see Sigis-
mund, Holy Roman Emperor
Lightning or Thunderbolt, The: see
Stephen II, King of Hungary
Ligny, Belgium: battle of (1815), 8,
487, 532, 9, 362, 10, 501, 11, 568, 13,
287, 18, 389
412
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Ligunan Republic, The, the republic
of Genoa, annexed to France (1805) :
threatened by the king of Sardinia,
10, 402
Likin Tax (1895), Chinese inland tax;
agreement respecting, 6, 273, 318
Lilienstedt (ca. 1700), a Swedish en-
voy: represents Sweden at Nystad,
15, 68
Liliuokalani, Queen of Hawaii, 1891-
1893: reign of, 20, 310; dethroned,
24,997
Lille, France: sieges of (1708), II,
459, 18, 314; (1792), 10, 212
Lilybaeum, Sicily: sieges of (367 B.
C), 2, 415; (249 B. C), 3, 103
Lima, Peru: school of arts and trades
established in, 21, 203; battle in
(1865), 206; description of, 213;
Chilians enter (1881), 238
Lima, University of, Peru: condition
of, under the Spaniards, 23, 45
Limerick, Ireland, called The City of
the Violated Treaty: sieges of
(1651), 12, 126; (1690), 11, 438, 12,
144; (1691), 153
Limerick, Treaty of, concluded be-
tween England and Ireland (1691),
13, 153
Limes, Roman fortification wall: built
by Romans, 18, 25
Lin (ca. 1770), Formosan bandit: ac-
count of, 6, 97
Lin (ca. 1830), a Chinese statesman:
sent to settle opium disputes, 6,
132; disgraced, 134; denounced by
Emperor, 135
Linacre, Thomas (1460-1524), an Eng-
lish classical scholar: sketch of, II,
239
Lifian, Pascual (ca. 1800), a Mexican
general: besieges Sombrero, 22, 250
Linant Pasha (ca. 1800), Egyptian of-
ficial: sketch of, 19, 269
Linares, Fernando de Alencastre,
Duke of (ca. 1700), Mexican vice-
roy: his administration as viceroy of
New Spain, 22, 186
Linares, Jose Maria (1810-1861), a
Bolivian statesman: made president
of Bolivia, 21, 188; death of, 189
Lincoln, England: settlement of, II,
19; battles of (1141), 95; (1217), 130;
cathedral at, 141
Lincoln, Abraham, an American
statesman, President of the United
States, 1861-1865, called The Rail
Splitter: born in Hardin (now La-
rue) County, Kentucky, February
12, 1809; his family moved to what
is now Spencer County, Indiana,
1816; made a trading voyage to New
Orleans, 1828; moved to Illinois,
1830, and helped his father clear a
farm and build a log house ten
miles west of Decatur; built a flat-
boat and made a voyage to New
Orleans, 1831; and from this voy-
age dates his deep convictions upon
the slavery question; took part in
the Black Hawk War, 1832; was a
Whig member of the Illinois State
Legislature, 1834-1842; was admit-
ted to the bar, 1836; was Whig
member of Congress from Illinois,
1847-1849; was Republican candi-
date for United States Senator, 1858,
and held a series of discussions with
Stephen A. Douglas through the
State of Illinois; was nominated and
elected President of the United
States by the Republican Party,
i860; was inaugurated President,
March 4, 1861; upon his election, the
secession of the Southern States and
the organization of the Confederate
States took place; he called for 75,-
000 volunteers; proclaimed a block-
ade on the Southern ports, 1861; is-
sued a proclamation emancipating
all slaves in the States that had se-
ceded, 1863; was reelected President,
1864; was interested in the problem
of reconstructing the South, when
he was shot by an assassin at Ford's
Theater, Washington, D. C, and
died the day after, April 15, 1865
Compared with Jackson, 23, 477;
on Dred Scott decision, 24, 660; put
forward for Senator, 664; sketch of,
665, 668; in Lincoln-Douglas de-
bates, 667; defeated by Douglas,
670; in Republican convention, 681;
attracts eastern Republicans, 681;
GENERAL INDEX
413
candidate for President (i860), 681;
nominated for President (i860), 682;
inauguration, 706; his proclamation
after the fall of Sumter, 715; de-
clares Southern ports to be block-
aded, 723; disavows act of Captain
Wilkes, 729; fears for safety of
Washington, 730; orders McClellan
to West Virginia, 732; recognizes
Pierpoint as governor of Virginia,
732; orders Federal advance into
Virginia, 734; his message to Con-
gress (July 4, 1861), 738; opposes
Fremont's abolition policy, 742
urges McClellan to pursue Lee, 765
Emancipation Proclamation, 766
quoted on surrender of Vicksburg,
778; calls upon State militias for de-
fense against Lee's invasion, 779; ad-
dress at Gettysburg, 783; appoints
Grant lieutenant-general, 786; his
reelection, 799, 1381; on Hampton
Roads Conference, 809; attitude to-
ward overtures for peace, 809; sus-
pends writ of habeas corpus, 815;
controversy with Taney, 816; the
Vallandigham case, 817; assassina-
tion of, 826; funeral of, 827; estimate
of, 827; plan for reconstruction of
South, 833; last public speech, 839
Lincoln, Benjamin (1733-1810), an
American general: commands mili-
tia in Shays's Rebellion, 23, 316;
drives Prevost out of South Caro-
lina, 272; appointed to command of
Southern forces, 272; surrenders
Charleston to British, 273
Lincoln, John de la Pole, Earl of: see
Pole, John de la, Earl of Lincoln
Lincoln, Robert Todd (1843 ), an
American politician: in Garfield's
cabinet, 24, 923 note; retained by
Arthur, 936
Lindet, Robert (ca. 1790), a French
statesman: his report concerning
the king, 10, 232
Lindisfarne, Monastery of, a monas-
tery on the island of Lindisfarne, off
the coast of Northumberland:
founded, 12, 36
Lindsey, Robert Bertie, Earl of: see
Bertie, Robert, Earl of Lindsey
Lindskold, Erik (ca. 1675), a Swedish
noble: aids reform in Sweden, 16,
212
Line of Demarcation: see Demarca-
tion, Line of
Linevitch, a Russian general : his serv-
ices in the Russo-Japanese War, 7,
313, 15, 363
Lingeh' ih, Punishment by, the Chi-
nese punishment by slicing to death,
6, 62, 85 note, 189
Lingeres, The: see Fabius Maximus,
Quintus
Liniers y Bremont, Jacques Antoine
Marie Deliniers-Bremont (1756-
1810), a royalist in the naval service
of Spain: organizes the Creoles of
the La Plata provinces, 31, 57
Linschoten, John Huyghen van (ca.
1590), a Dutch author: publishes a
guide to India, 5, 154
" L' Insurgente," French frigate: cap-
tured, 23, 375
Linth Canal, connects the Lake of
Zurich with the Lake of Wallen-
stadt: built, 13, 522
Linz, the capital of Upper Austria on
the Danube: taken by Charles Al-
bert (1741), 17, 241; by the French
(1741), 18, 329
Linz, Peace of (1645), between Tran-
sylvania and Hungary (1645), 17,
227
Lion, The: see Louis VIII, King of
France; also William I, King of
Scotland
Lion of Justice, The: see Henry I,
King of England
Lion of the North, The: see Gustavus
(II) Adolphus, King of Sweden
Lion-hearted, The: see Richard (I)
Cceur de Lion, King of England
Lipany, a town of Bohemia: battle of
(1434), 17, 138
Lippe, Count de: see Schaumburg-
Lippe
Lippe, Count of (ca. 1599), a German
general: given command of the
Army of the Rhine Circle, 13, 171
Lisbon, Portugal: captured by Al-
fonso the Chaste, 8, 72; siege of
(1147), 275
Lisbon Earthquake, The (i755)> 8,
471
414
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Lisle, Alice (ca. 1614-1685), an Eng-
lishwoman: condemned to death,
11, 423
Lissa, Austria-Hungary: battle of
(1866), 17, 392
Literati, the educated class of China:
resist the destruction of their books,
6, 11; accept the Euclid, 34; accept
Christianity, 38; massacre of, 60; op-
pose Christianity, 78
Literature:
AFRICA: character of Carthagin-
ian, 3, 95
ARABIA: character of, I, 185;
status of a poet, 198, 199; the Koran,
212; art of history unknown, 258
ASSYRIA and BABYLONIA: the
Chaldeans, I, 97; incantations and
magical texts, 100; patronage of
Ashur-bani-pal, 90; scope of, 108
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: Bohemian
legends, 17, 29; Magyar legends,
42; German poets in Bohemia, 84;
among the Czechs, 86; minnesing-
ers, 97, 98; under Charles IV, 116;
encouraged by Leopold I, 187; un-
der Rudolf II, 198; scarcity during
Maria Theresa's reign, 260; under
Joseph II, 272, 273; patriotic spirit
in Hungarian writings, 334; inter-
est in Czech literature, 341; among
the Slavs, 343; renaissance in Bo-
hemia, 351; in 19th century, 417
CHINA: native histories, 6, 5;
works of Confucius, 10; burning of
the classics, n; influence of, 12;
works of Buddha introduced, 13;
Augustan Age, 14, 15; encouraged
by Kublai, 25; influence of Mongols
on, 26; dramatic, 26; encyclopedia
of Chinese literature, 31; ideograph-
ical and political record, 32; work of
Michel Roger, 34; advance under
K'anghsi, 72; Yung Cheng author
of dictionary, 73; Jesuits introduce
literature of West, 77; influence of
K'ang Yuwei, 290
EGYPT: Hyksos Kings adopt
Egyptian, 1, 21; epic poem, 26; en-
couraged by Ptolemy Philadelphus,
34; character of, 53; Book of the
Dead, 54; historical, 56; epic of
Pentaur, 56; Arabian, 346
ENGLAND: Caedmon's work, 11,
38; Baeda's work, 39; encouraged by
Alfred the Great, 45; growth under
Henry II and Richard I, 115; Chau-
cer, 176, 177; Langland's "Vision
of Piers the Plowman," 169; reign
of Richard II, 187; under Henry
VIII, 239; under Elizabeth, 301, 302;
Milton, 331, 391; under Restoration,
392, 393; age of Anne, 461; Fielding,
494; Burke, 510, 522, 540; Burns,
576; influence of French Revolution,
577; of Oxford Movement, 611; Vic-
torian Age, 612, 613
FRANCE: before French Revolu-
tion, 10, 12; University of France,
449; at present time, 9, 490, 491
GERMANY: deeds of Hermann
commemorated, 18, 19; destruction
of legends and ballads collected by
Charles the Great, 89; Golden Age
of Epic poetry, 177, 178; interest of
Maximilian I, 225; effect of Lu-
ther's translation of Bible on, 244;
suppressed during Thirty Years'
War, 296; during latter half of 17th
century, 308; interest of Frederick
the Great in French literature, 326,
332; at Saxe- Weimar, 353; during
Napoleonic era, 10, 487, 18, 375
GREECE: Homeric poetry, 2, 29;
encouraged by Periander of Corinth,
93; encouraged by Peisistratus, 11 1;
in Asiatic cities, 115; at Athens (5th
century B. C.) 152; (4th century B.
C), 513; (146 B. C.-14 A. D.), 521;
effect of Greek on Roman, 523, 524
ICELAND: Sagas, 16, 299
INDIA: Vedas, 5, 25, 37, 38, 42, 43;
of Brahmans, 49; dramatic, 54;
epics, 54; fables, 55; Buddhism, 64;
ballad-chronicle, 95
IRELAND: in ancient times, 12, 6;
seventh century, 35; decline after
coming of Danes, 37; revival un-
der Brian Boru, 47; Moore's melo-
dies, 223; influence of Emancipation
Act, 227
ISRAEL: among the exiles, 1, 414
ITALY: Divine Comedy, 4, 213; en-
couraged by Alfonso of Naples,
264; patronage of Lorenzo de' Me-
dici, 269; during Renaissance, 280,
GENERAL INDEX
415
281; encouraged by Cosmo de'
Medici, 282; interest in, during 15th
century, 23, 21; revival of Greek
literature, 23; patronage of the
Popes, 4, 285; encouraged by Leo
X, 296; Ariosto, 319; Petrarch, 320;
patronage of Ferdinand I of Tus-
cany, 320; (1750-1800), 338; encour-
aged by Clement XIV, 341; modern,
407
JAPAN: influence of Chinese, 7, 16,
34, 35, 42, 43; poetry of Nara epoch,
35, 36; interest in poetry, 43, 44;
changes, 79, 80; in Muromachi
period, 105; under Edo government,
7, 141, 142, 151; interest in pure Jap-
anese literature, 161
MEXICO: of the Tezcocans, 22, 81;
under Duke of Albuquerque, 170;
encouraged by Revilla-Gigedo, 218;
work of Senor Alegre, 421, 422
NETHERLANDS: 14th and 15th
centuries, 13, 62; work of Erasmus,
63, 64; checked by civil war, 166;
controversial character during Rev-
olution, 169; work of Grotius, 219,
220
PERSIA: sacred, I, 173; historical,
179; Golden Age, 5, 327; under Alp
Arslan and Malak Shah, 331; Sel-
juk period, 333; at Shiraz, 337
PORTUGAL: interest in, 8, 538;
work of Camoens, 542
ROME: among Gallic tribes, 3, 296;
interest of Caesar, 362; in Age of
Augustus, 4, 34, 35, 38, 39, 46; re-
strictions under Tiberius, 49; en-
couraged by Vespasian, 82; " Medi-
tations " of Marcus Aurelius, 98;
encouraged by Alexander, 105; its
literature derived from East, 122;
see also ITALY
RUSSIA: 18th century, 15, 70;
changes under Peter the Great, 86;
patronage of Ivan Shuralov, 145;
improvement of versification, 150; in
reign of Catharine the Great, 192,
193. 194. 195; influence of English
literature, 193; influence of Voltaire,
Diderot and D'Alembert, 197; steady
progress under Alexander, 269
SCANDINAVIA: Sagas and Eddas,
16, 6; Gustavus Adolphus interested
in, 175; encouraged by Queen Chris-
tina, 204; after French Revolution,
264; 19th century, 290
SCOTLAND: under King James,
12, 293; 17th century, 358
SOUTH AMERICA: Argentine Re-
public, 21, 118; Chili, 228; Peru, 214
SPAIN: of Arabs, 1, 346; Golden
Age of Arabian literature, 8, 78; un-
der Carlos III, 429
SWITZERLAND: at St. Gall's, 13,
343; nth century, 346; in the towns,
360; effect of political events, 427;
interest in, during Reformation era,
432, 453, 454J I7th century, 482; after
Reformation, 488; interest in liter-
ature of other countries, 489; 18th
century, 494
TURKEY: work of Prince Djem,
14, 107; under Suleiman the Great,
144, 164, 188; patronage of Ahmed
Kiuprili, 246; encouraged by Mo-
hammed IV, 253; patronage of
Ahmed III, 293; encouraged by Se-
lim III, 412
UNITED STATES: Jews in, 1,
427; absence of Indian literature,
23, 12; New England in lead among
colonies, 142; during Jacksonian
epoch, 481; "Uncle Tom's Cabin,"
638; Philippine Islands, 20, 368
Lithuania, a former grand duchy of
Europe afterwards united with Po-
land: expansion of, 15, II, 375; its
wars with Ivan the Great, 13; united
with Poland, 16; Charles XII in, 46
Lithuanians, the inhabitants of Lith-
uania: location of, 15, 6, 372
"Little Belt," British frigate: captured
by the " President," 23, 416
Little Big Horn River, United States:
massacre of (1876), 24, 905
Little Captain, The: see George II,
King of England
Little Corporal, The: see Napoleon
(I) Bonaparte, Emperor of the
French
Little Fort Valley, Virginia? devasta-
ted by Sheridan, 24, 793
"Little Giant:" see Douglas, Stephen
A.
416
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Little Man in Red Stockings, The : see
Leopold I, Holy Roman emperor
Little Paris: see Brussels
Little Rhody: see Rhode Island
Little Rock, Arkansas: Confederates
seize arsenal, 24, 691, 720
Little Round Top, Pennsylvania: in
battle of Gettysburg, 24, 780
Little Village, The: see London, Eng-
land
Liu Fok-heng (ca. 1250), a Chinese
naval commander: commands fleet
for invading Japan, 7, 74
Liu Kan-yi (ca. 1901), viceroy of Man-
churia: attempts to have Manchu-
ria opened to foreign trade, 7, 288
Liu K'un Yi (ca. 1900), a Chinese
statesman in Boxer rebellion, 6, 304
Liutprand or Luitprand, King of the
Lombards, ca. 712-744 A. D.: at war
with the Pope, 18, 74; reign of, 4,
168
Liuva, King of the Goths, 6th century
A. D.: reign of, 8, 43
Liverpool, Robert Banks Jenkinson,
Earl of (1770-1828), an English
statesman: made Prime minister,
11, 564
Livia Drusilla (ca. 56 B. C.-29 A. D.),
wife of Octavius: marriage, 4, 20;
sketch of, 40; death, 51
Livian Laws, laws of Livius Drusus
instituting democratic reforms:
passed and repealed, 3, 204
Livingston, Edward (1764-1836),
American statesman: delegate to
second Continental Congress, 23,
229
Livingston, Robert R. (1746-1813), an
American statesman: delegate to
second Continental Congress, 33,
229; member of committee to draft
a declaration of independence, 240;
administers oath to Washington,
341 ; minister to France, 396
Livingstone, Sir Alexander (d. 1622),
a Scottish nobleman: claims guard-
ianship of James II of Scotland,
1 a, 293
Livingstone, David, a Scottish mis-
sionary and African explorer: born
at Blantyre, near Glasgow, March
19, 1813; went to South Africa as a
missionary, 1840; worked and trav-
eled sixteen years; returned to Eng-
land, 1856; went to Africa again, as
consul, 1858, to open up the country
of the Zambesi; returned to Eng-
land, 1864, and set out again for Af-
rica, 1865, in the interest of explora-
tion; died on the shore of Lake
Bangweolo, May 1, 1873
Explorations of, 19, 52; effect of
his work in Africa, 215, 235
Livingstone Central Africa Company,
a company of Scottish merchants
for trading in central Africa: found-
ed, 19, 235
Livius, Marcus (ca. 208 B. C), a Ro-
man general: at battle of the Me-
taurus, 3, 128
Livonia, a government of Russia:
conquered by Peter the Great, 14,
278, 15, 41; incorporated with Po-
land, 17; acquired by Sweden, 22;
passes to Russia, 65, 68
Livonian Order, The, an order of
knights first established in Livonia:
encroachments of, 15, 10; allies of
Alexander of Lithuania, 13; at war
with Ivan the Terrible, 17; their
dispute with Valdemar (II) Sejr,
16, 86
Livonius (ca. 1865), a German vice-
admiral: urges annexation of Zanzi-
bar, 19, 127
Liwenthaal, Alexander (living), a Ger-
man scientist: associated with the
Wellman Expedition, 16, 340
Ljudevit (d. 823 A. D.), Croatian
chief: revolts against Frankish rule,
17,38
Llewelyn (d. 1282), Prince of Wales,
1246-1282: career and death, 11, 144
Lo Fengluh (19th century), Chinese
statesman: minister to Great Brit-
ain, 6, 284
Loanda: see St Paul de Loanda
Lobanov (Rostovski), Prince Alexei
Borisovitch (1825-1896), a Russian
statesman: mission of, 15, 215; ap-
pointed minister of foreign affairs,
346; death of, 348
Lobau, George Mouton, Count de
(1770-1838), a French soldier: at
battle of Waterloo, 9, 363, 10, 502
GENERAL INDEX
417
Lobengula (ca. 1833-1894), King of
Matabeleland, South Africa: refuses
to conclude treaty with Transvaal,
19, 217; at war with the British,
233; concludes treaty with the Eng-
lish, 20, 230
Lobkovitch, Diepold of (ca. 1610),
Grand prior of Knights of Malta:
accused of inciting the Emperor
Mathias against the Protestants, 17,
201
Lobkovitz, William of (ca. 1615), Aus-
trian conspirator: leads conspir-
acy, 17, 201
Lobos Island Dispute, The, contro-
versy between United States and
Peru concerning possession of Lo-
bos Islands (1852), 21, 199
Lobositz, Bohemia: battle of (1756),
9, 244, 15, 145, 18, 335
Loch, Sir Henry (1827 ), English
colonial official: in Anglo-French
wars, 6, 174, 178, 179, 180, 184
Loch Garry, Scotland: battle of (1655),
> 344
Lochaber, Scotland: battle of (1427),
12, 291
Locke, John (1632-1704), English phi-
losopher: publishes his "Letters on
Toleration," 11, 436; directs the
Board of Trade and Commerce, 20,
89; devises " Fundamental Consti-
tution," 23, 73, 96; his writings a
source of United States Constitu-
tion, 330
Lockhart, William Stephen Alexan-
der (19th century), English official
in India: occupies Waziristan, 5, 277
Lockwood, Arctic explorer, 1882: ex-
plorations of, 16, 319
Locri, town in Italy: founded, 2, 84;
in hands of Dionysius II, 416; sur-
prised by Pyrrhus, 3, 80
Locrians, inhabitants of Locris,
Greece: subdued by Xerxes, 2, 196;
subdued by Athens, 245; revolt from
Athens, 248; make war on Phocis,
397; join Thebes, 438; conclude
treaty with Thebes, 438; beaten by
Philomelus, 460; harassed by Pho-
cians, 461; at Delphi, 475; join
^Etolian League, 516
Locusta (1st century A. D.), Roman
poisoner: furnishes poison for the
death of Claudius, 4, 61; furnishes
poison for the death of Briannicus,
63
Lodge, Henry Cabot (1850 ),
United States senator and author: in
Alaskan boundary commission, 24,
1055; aids reform of the Consular
Service, 1084
Lodi, Bridge of, Italy: battle of
(1796), 9, 298
Lodi, House of, Afghan dynasty in
Italy: reign of, 5, 104
Lodomeria, Poland: annexed to Aus-
tria, 17, 248
Lodz, Russian Poland: growth of, 15,
342
Loftus, General (18th century), Brit-
ish soldier: in the Rebellion of 1798,
12, 211
" Log cabin and hard cider," in United
States history, a campaign cry in
1841, 24, 523
Logan, John Alexander (1826-1886),
American soldier and statesman:
urges Grant for third term, 24, 926;
nominated for Vice-President, 943
Logrofio, Spain: battle of (1367), 8,
167; siege of (1521), 349
Logtown, Treaty of, a treaty between
Great Britain and Iroquois Indians
(1752): concluded, 23, 168; English
claims based on, 170
Loizaga (ca. 1870), South American
statesman: member of provisional
government of Paraguay, 21, 159
Loja, Hadji (ca. 1875), Austro-Hun-
garian statesman: leads revolution
in Herzegonia and Bosnia, 17, 423
Lok, John (ca. 1550), English trader:
his voyages to Africa, 19, 28
Lokalar, Finland: battle of (1808), 15,
216
Lokoja, Africa: founded, 19, 50
Lollards, religious sect in Holland:
followers of Wycliffe, 11, 175; per-
secution of, 196
Lomakin (ca. 1875), Russian general:
defeated by the Tekkes, 5, 307
Lombard League, defensive alliance
of cities of Lombardy: formed, 4,
194
Lombardini (19th century), Mexican
418
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
soldier: made general-in-chief of
Mexican army, 22, 369
Lombards, Germanic tribe: conquer
northern Italy, 2, 533; rise of, 4,
163; settle in Pannonia and Noricum,
17, 17; location of, 18, 6; summoned
to Italy, 51; invade Switzerland, 61
Lombardy, northern Italy: its relation
to Austria, 17, 4
Lome, Dupuy de, Spanish minister at
Washington, 1898: his letter con-
cerning President McKinley, 24,
1024
Lomenie de Brienne, fitienne Charles
de: see Brienne, fitienne Charles de
Lomenie de
Lomonosov, Michael Vassilievitch
(1711-1765), Russian poet: sketch
of, 15, 150, 192
Lonato, Italy: battle of (1796), 9, 299
London (Londinium), England, called
The City of Masts, The Little Vil-
lage, and The Modern Babylon:
center of trade, 4, 75; founding of,
11, 12; sacked by Northmen, 42;
surrendered by Danes to Alfred,
43; loses its charter, 413
London, Tower of, fortified castle in
London: built by William the Con-
queror, 11, 73
London, Treaties of: (IT43), a treaty
between Scotland and England, 12,
305; (1641), a treaty between Scot-
land and England, 339; (1827), a
treaty between England, France,
and Russia, 14, 423. 15, 275, 17, 325
London Bridge, first bridge across
Thames: built, II, 177
London Company, a company to pro-
mote colonization in America: char-
tered, 23, 56
London Conferences, The (1830), con-
ference of representatives of Aus-
tria, France, Russia, Prussia, and
England to settle future of Belgium,
13, 298, 15, 288; (1840), England,
France, Austria, Prussia, and Rus-
sia, 15, 292; (1852), between Austria
and Prussia, 16, 273, 17, 390, 18, 403
London Fire, The, fire which devas-
tated large pant of city (1666), 11,
388
London Missionary Society: work of,
19, 94, 212
Londonderry (Derry), Ireland: siege
of (1689), 11, 437, 12, 134
Londonderry, Robert Stewart, Marquis
of: see Stewart, Robert
Lone Star State, The: see Texas
Long Island, New York: battle of
(1776), 23, 243
Long Parliament, The, in English his-
tory, the Parliament which met un-
der Charles I and carried on the
Civil War (1640-1660): summoned,
n, 337', dissolved, 374
Long Walls of Athens: built, 2, 242;
destroyed, 378; rebuilt by Conon,
402
Longbeard, William: see Fitzosbert,
William
Longchamps, William of: see William
of Longchamps
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth (1807-
1882), American poet and novelist:
in American literature, 23, 481
Longinus, Dionysius Cassius (210-273
A. D.), a Greek critic and philoso-
pher: advises Zenobia, 4, in
Longinus, Quintus Cassius (ca. 50 B.
C), Roman general: revolt of his
legions, 3, 356
Longjumeau, Peace of, concluded be-
tween French Catholics and Protes-
tants (1568), 9, 156
Longobards: see Lombards
Longstreet, James (1821-1904), Ameri-
can Confederate general: at Bull
Run, 24, 763; in plan for invasion of
North, 764; his corps detached from
Lee's army, 771; at Gettysburg, 780;
retrieves Rosecran's mistake at
Chickamauga, 783; in battle of the
Wilderness, 788
Longueville, Anne Genevieve de Bour-
bon Conde, Duchess of (1619-1679),
French noblewoman: rouses Tu-
renne against the court, 9, 203
Longueville, Charles Paris d' Orleans,
Duke of (1640-1672), French gen-
eral: revolt of, 9, 198; arrested, 202;
death of, 210
Longwy, France: siege of (1792), 10,
205, 18, 356
GENERAL INDEX
419
Loochoo, Islands of, southwest of
Japan: sketch of the history of, 7,
192
Lookout Mountain, Tennessee: battle
of (1863), 24, 785 ,
Lopez, Carlos Antonio (1795-1862), a
Paraguayan statesman: granted ex-
ecutive power in Paraguay, 21, 155;
made president of Paraguay, 155
Lopez, Francisco Solano (1826-1870),
a Paraguayan statesman: made vice-
president of Paraguay, 21, 155;
sketch of, 156; death of, 160
Lopez, Martin (ca. 1500), a Spanish
ship builder: builds ships for Cor-
tez, 22, 45
Lopez, Narcisso (1798-1851), a Span-
ish-American general: his filibuster-
ing expedition to Cuba, 20, 327, 22,
452, 24, 625
Lopez, Stanislas (ca. 1800), an Argen-
tine patriot: opposes Rivadaria, 21,
121
Lopez, Jordan (ca. 1850), an Argen-
tine patriot: leads insurrections,
21, 133, 134
Lopez y Mendez, Luis (ca. 1800), a
Bolivian patriot: his mission to
England, 21, 59, 67
Lopez y Planes, Vicente (1 784-1 856),
an Argentine jurist and politician:
provisional president of Argentina,
21, 122, 127
Lorca, Spain: battle of, 8, 69
Lorch, Archbishop of: see Pilgrim,
Archbishop of Lorch
Lord, an English title of nobility:
origin of name, II, 20
Lord, The Silken: see Fitzgerald,
Garrett, Earl of Kildare
Lords of the Congregation, league of
English nobles: organized, 11, 277,
12, 312
Lords Ordainers, barons appointed
(1310), to regulate government ordi-
nances in England, n, 153
Lorenzana y Butran, Francisco An-
tonio (1722-1804), a Spanish prelate
and historian: publishes Cortez's
letters, 22, 209
Loria, Roger di (d. 1305), an Italian
admiral: in the war between Aragon
and France, 4, 258, 9, 85
Lome (ca. 500 A. D.), Irish chief:
leads colonists to Scotland, 12, 38
Lorraine, a region on the border be-
tween France and Germany: divid-
ed, 13, 21
Lorraine, Charles of Guise, Cardinal
of (1525-1574): regent for Francis
II of France, 149
Lorraine, Charles IV, Duke of (1604-
1675), an Austrian general: at war
with Louis XIII of France, 9, 189;
defeated by Gustavus Adolphus, 18,
281; relieves Vienna, 303
Lorraine, Charles V, Duke of (1643-
1690), an Austrian general: at war
with Louis XIII of France, 9, 189;
defeated by Turenne, 211; his cam-
paign against the French, 217
Lorraine, Charles of (1712-1780), an
Austrian general: campaigns of
(1744), 18, 33o; (1757), 337
Lorraine, Charles of, Duke of Guise
(1571-1640), a French nobleman:
claims throne of France, 9, 168; his
campaign in the Thirty Years' War,
191
Lorraine, Frangois of, Duke of Guise:
see Guise, Francois de Lorraine,
Duke of
Lorraine, Henry of, Duke of Guise:
see Henry of Guise
Lorraine, Henry of, Count of Har-
court (1601-1666), a French general:
his campaign in the Thirty Years'
War, 9, 193
Lorraine, Rene, Duke of: see Rene,
Duke of Lorraine
Los Angeles, California: taken by the
Americans, 22, 297; Chinese riots at,
24, 920
Los Islands, off the west coast of
Africa: given to France, 20, 281
Losecoat Field: see Stamford, Battle
of
Lost Colony, Roanoke, Virginia: ap-
plication of term, 23, 53
Lostwithiel, England: battle of (1644),
11, 349
Lot, Michael (ca. 1550), an Arctic ex-
plorer: aids Frobisher, 16, 301
Lothair I, Emperor of the Holy Ro-
man Empire, 840-855 A. D.: asso-
ciated with Louis I as emperor, 9,
420
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
47, 18, 90; revolt of, 9, 48, 18, 91;
defeated by his brothers, 18, 92;
agrees to terms of the Partition of
Verdun, 93; reign of, 4, 178, 18, 95;
death of, 9, 51
Lothair (II) the Saxon, Holy Roman
Emperor, 1125-1137: honors Knud
Hlaford, 16, 76; elected King of
Germany, 18, 141; crowned em-
peror, 143
Lothair I (ca. 500 A. D.), Frankish
king: reign of, 9, 24
Lothair II (d. ca. 670 A. D.), Frank-
ish king: reign of, 9, 34
Lothair III, King of France, 954-986
A. D.: reign of, 9, 58, 18, 116
Lothaire (d. 869 A. D.), King of Lor-
raine: reign of, 9, 51
Lothian, a former division of Scot-
land: ceded to a Scottish king, 11,
Si
Lotteries in America: used to support
colonial colleges, 23, 142; legislation
against, 24, 973
Loudon, Earl of (ca. 1750), British
soldier: made commander-in chief of
forces in America, 23, 184; plans
attack upon Louisburg, 186
Loudun, Treaty of, concluded between
Louis XIII and the French Prot-
estant party (1616), 9, 179
Lough Swilly, Ireland: battle of
(1798), 12, 214
Louis: see also Lewis, Ludwig, and
Luis
Louis (I) the Pious (778-840), Holy
Roman Emperor, 814-840: crowned
King of Aquitaine, 9, 43, 18, 81;
campaigns against the Mohamme-
dans, 8, 219, 220; acknowledged as
emperor, 9, 44, 18, 88; deposes
Bernard of Italy, 4, 178; his efforts
to convert the Northmen, 16, 25;
reign of, 9, 46, 18, 89
Louis the German (ca. 804-876), King
of Germany, 843-876: crowned King
of Bavaria, 18, 90; revolt of, 91; at
war with Lothaire, 9, 49; becomes
King of Germany, 18, 92; defeats
the Moravians, 17, 31; reign of, 18,
95
Louis (II) the Young (ca. 822-875),
Holy Roman Emperor, 855-875:
reign of, 9, 51; death of, 18, 96
Louis (III) the Child (893-911), King
of Germany, 900-911: reign of, 18,
100
Louis (IV) the Bavarian (1286-1347),
Holy Roman Emperor, 13 14-1347:
claims imperial throne, 13, 364; reign
of 18, 187; campaigns in Italy, 4,
219; at war with Margaret Mau-
tasche, 17, 101; gives his support to
Edward III of England, xi, 158;
Valdemar IV at the court of, 16,
114
Louis, King of Aquitaine: see Louis
I, Holy Roman Emperor
Louis I, King of Bohemia: see Louis
II, King of Hungary
Louis I, King of France: see Louis I,
Holy Roman Emperor
Louis (II) the Stammerer (846-879),
King of France, 877-879: reign of,
9, 52, 18, 96
Louis (III) the Younger (ca. 825-
882), King of France, 879-882: reign
of, 9, 52, 18, 96
Louis (IV) d' Outre Mer (921-954),
King of France, 936-954: reign of,
9> 55* joins conspiracy against Otto
I, 18, no; calls for aid against Duke
Hugo, in
Louis V (966-987), King of France,
986-987: reign of, 9, 59
Louis VI (ca. 1078-1137), King of
France, 1108-1137: reign of, 9, 71
Louis (VII) the Young (ca. 1120-
1180), King of France, 1137-1180;
associated in the government with
Louis VI, 9, 72; reign of, 73; in the
Second Crusade, 18, 145; divorces
Eleanor of Aquitaine, 11, 96
Louis VIII (1 187-1226), King of
France, 1223-1226, called The Lion:
invades England, 9, 77, 11, 128; ex-
communicated, 11, 129; defeated at
Lincoln, IX, 130; reign of, 9, 80
Louis (IX), Saint (1215-1270), King
of France, 1226-1270: reign of, 9,
80; mediation of, 18, 166; solicits
Hakon's aid, 16, 99; arbitrates be-
'tween Henry III and the barons, 11,
140
GENERAL INDEX
421
Louis X ( 1289-13 16), King of France,
1314-1316: reign of, 9, 89
Louis XI (1423-1483), King of France,
1461-1483, called the French Tibe-
rius: reign of, 9, 121 ; his feud with
Charles the Rash 6f Burgundy, 13,
43, 18, 217, 218; leads rebellion
against military reforms, 9, 117;
marries Charlotte of Savoy, 119;
reconciles Warwick and Margaret,
11, 217; concludes treaty with the
Swiss, 13, 405; his relations with
Juan II of Aragon, 8, 266; his rela-
tions with Alfonso V of Portugal,
317
Louis XII (1462-1515), King of
France, 1498-1515, called the Just
and the Father of Letters: claims
guardianship of Charles VIII, 9,
126; campaigns of, 18, 227; invades
Italy, 4, 291; 11, 229, 236; concludes
treaty with Ferdinand the Catholic,
8, 270; marries Mary Tudor, 11,
237; reign of, 9, 132, 13, 420; death
of, 11, 237
Louis XIII (1601-1643), King of
France, 1610-1643, called the Just:
birth of, 9, 173; reign of, 177; mar-
ries Ana of Spain, 8, 375; at war
with Philip IV of Spain, 378; claims
throne of the Netherlands, 381; in
the Thirty Years' War, 18, 285, 289;
death of, 13, 214
Louis (XIV) le Grand, King of
France, 1643-1715: born at St. Ger-
main en Laye, September 5 (16?),
1638; ascended the throne on the
death of his father, Louis XIII,
1643; during his minority his
mother, Anne of Austria, and Car-
dinal Mazarin governed the coun-
try; assumed the governing power
himself after the death of Mazarin,
1661; appointed as minister of fi-
nance, Colbert, whose reforms in-
creased the treasury receipts enor-
mously while at the same time they
promoted industry and economy;
conferred the portfolio of war on
Louvois, who transferred the army
into the most perfect military or-
ganization in Europe; fought with
Spain to support his claim to the
Spanish Netherlands, 1667-1668; this
war was ended by the Treaty of
Aix-la-Chapelle, which gave to
Louis a number of towns on the
Belgian frontier; at war with Hol-
land, who was supported by the
Emperor, Spain, Brandenburg, and
Sweden, 1672-1678; by the Peace of
Nymwegen, 1678, he obtained the
whole of Franche-Comte and
Alsace; annexed Strassburg, 1681,
and Luxembourg, 1684; revoked the
Edict of Nantes, 1685; secretly mar-
ried Madame Maintenon, 1685; Hol-
land, Austria, Spain, Bavaria, and
Savoy formed the League of Augs-
burg against him, 1686, and al-
though he gained victory after vic-
tory he was obliged to give up all
his conquests by the Peace of Rys-
wick, 1697; was involved in the War
of Spanish Succession, 1701-1714,
which was very disastrous both to
Louis and to France; died at Ver-
sailles, France, September 1, 1715
Birth of, 9, 189; ambitions of, 13,
235; sends a force against Genoa,
4, 325; marries Maria Teresa of
Spain, 8, 379; his position on the
Continent, 18, 298; reign of, 9, 199,
18, 298; his relations with Switzer-
land, 13, 477; his relations with
Sweden, 16, 211, 218; Denmark takes
up arms against, 234; encourages
hostility of Turkey against Austria,
14, 259; James II befriended by,
23, 157; befriends Philip of Anjou,
160; his relations with Russia, 15,
57
Louis XV (1710-1774), King of
France, 1715-1774: reign of, 9, 227,
10, 22; marriage of, 15, 118, 383;
aids Stanislas Lesczinsky, 18, 323; in
the Polish war, 15, 119; mediates
with Turkey, 123; supports Charles
Albert's claims, 18, 329; enters the
Treaty of Nymphenberg, 16, 227;
makes an alliance with Maria
Theresa, 18, 334; expels Jesuits
from France, 8, 419
Louis XVI, King of France, 1774-1793,
called The Martyr King and Mon-
sieur Veto: born at Versailles, Au-
422
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
gust 23, 1754; married Marie Antoi-
nette, 1770; when he succeeded his
grandfather, 1774, the finances were
in a very bad condition for which
there was two remedies a restric-
tion of the expenses, which the
queen and the court opposed, and
taxing the privileged classes, which
the Parlement opposed; hoping to
find a third expedient, he sum-
moned, 1789, the States-General,
which had not met in 175 years;
when the representatives of the
Third Estate were refused a seat
with the other estates, the Assembly
was divided into factions; too late
the king yielded to its demands, and
the republic was declared, 1792;
Louis, after a mock trial by the
Convention, was guillotined at
Paris, January 21, 1793
Birth of, 9, 241; protects Rulhiere,
I 5. 159; accession of, 10, 25; reign
of, 9, 253; urges European interven-
tion against Russia, 14, 347, 349;
and the French Revolution, 23, 358;
at the meeting of the assembly
(1789), 10, 52; surrounds Paris
with troops, 54; before the Ver-
sailles assembly, 71; given title of
Restorer of French Liberty, 75;
goes to Paris from Versailles, 97; at
the confederation of the kingdom,
122; receives announcement of as-
sistance from the coalition, 136; sets
out for Montmedy, 137; arrested at
Varennes, 138; suspension of, 140;
declaration of Pilnitz regarding, 143;
closes the assembly, 145; his recep-
tion of the deputies announcing the
opening of the National Legisla-
tive Assembly, 151; question in the
assembly as to the manner of ad-
dressing him, 152; his speech at the
assembly, 153; sanctions the decree
of the assembly respecting his
brother, 158; puts his veto on de-
crees respecting the emigrants and
the dissentient priests, 159; message
to, from the assembly respecting the
neighboring princes, 162; intimidat-
ed by the impeachment of Delasart,
168; visits the assembly with a view
to the question of war, 171; dis-
misses the Girondist ministry, 176;
riots of the petitioners, 180; pro-
posal of Lafayette for him to go to
Compiegne, 181 ; reviews the de-
fenders of the chateau on the morn-
ing of the 10th of August, 193; treat-
ment of, on leaving the Tuileries,
195; imprisoned in the Temple, 198;
his trial demanded, 226, 230; brought
to the bar of the convention, 232;
Malesherbes offers to be his de-
fender, 233; the defense, 234; con-
demned to death, 235; his conduct
on hearing the sentence, 237; his
character, 238; death of, 9, 282, 10,
237, ix, 541, 17, 281, 18, 356
Louis XVII (1785-1795), titular King
of France, son of Louis XVI: pro-
claimed king, 9, 285; death of, 294
Louis XVIII (Stanislas Xavier)
(1755-1824), King of France, 1814-
1824, called the Father of his Coun-
try: elected member of the States-
General, 10, 39; declared deprived
of regency, 9, 272; at Mittau, 15,
205, 207; decree of the assembly, 10,
158; recognized as king, 9, 294; re-
turns to Paris, 10, 496, 17, 312; ac-
cession of, 9, 350, 10, 498, II, 568;
reign of, 9, 355; death of, 382
Louis (I) the Great (1326-1382), King
of Hungary, 1342-1382: invades
Naples, 4, 252, 260; his reign in Po-
land, 15, 377; reign of, as King of
Hungary, 17, 152
Louis II (I, King of Bohemia), King
of Hungary, 1516-1526: account of,
14, 147; affianced to Mary of Aus-
tria, 17, 167, 175; marries Mary of
Austria, 176; reign of, 168; his reign
as King of Bohemia, 149; death of,
ISO
Louis (I) of Anjou (1330-1384), titu-
lar King of Naples: claims regency
for Charles VI of France, 9, 106
Louis (II) of Anjou (1377-1417),
King of Naples: claims throne of
Naples, 4, 261; reign of, 261
Louis (1784-1864), Archduke of Aus-
tria: made member of council of re-
gency, 17, 345
Louis (late 17th century), Margrave
GENERAL INDEX
423
of Baden: his campaigns, 17, 231,
18, 304, 313
Louis the Moor, Duke of Milan: see
Sforza, Ludovico
Louis (15th century), Duke of Savoy:
reign of, 4, 278
Louis de Male (1330-1384), Count of
Flanders: recognizes liberty of
Flanders, 13, 34; solicits aid from
Charles V of France, 9, 106; his
struggles to retain his throne, 107
Louis (early 17th century), Count of
Nassau, nephew of William of
Orange: his expedition against
Cadiz, 13, 163; at battle of Nieu-
port, 174
Louis (ca. 1256), Count Palatine: at
war with Hungary, 17, 74
Louis of Bourbon, Prince of Conde:
see Conde, Louis of Bourbon,
Prince of
Louis of Bourbon (15th century),
Bishop of Liege: revolt of his sub-
jects, 13, 44
Louis of Cressy (d. 1346), Count of
Bruges: reign of, 13, 32
Louis of Nassau (1538-1574), a Dutch
soldier, brother of William of Or-
ange: sketch of, 13, 86; at the Duffle
Conference, 93; campaigns of, 8,
359, 13, 109
Louis, Baron (early 19th century), a
French statesman: made minister of
finance, 9, 356, 370, 399
Louis Philippe (1773-1850), King of
France, 1830-1848, called The Citi-
zen King, King Smith, King of the
Barricades, and the Napoleon of
Peace: his early career, 10, 250 note;
his campaign against Napoleon, 9,
360; made lieutenant-general of the
kingdom, 392; accession of, to
throne, 9, 393, 18, 395; reign of,
9, 394; abdication of, 9, 434, 18, 398
Louisa of England (18th century),
Queen of Frederick V of Denmark:
her character, 16, 239
Louisa of Mecklenburg (18th cen-
tury), wife of Frederick IV of Den-
mark: her extravagant tastes, 16,
239
Louisburg, Nova Scotia; established
(1744), 23, 163; captured by Eng-
lish (1745), 20, 107; (1758), 11, 500,
20, 117, 23, 164, 165, 188; restored
to French, 23, 166
Louise (1776-1810), wife of Frederick
William III of Prussia: at Tilsit, 18,
373
Louise (b. 1830 ), Infanta of
Spain: marries Duke of Montpen-
sier, 8, 501
Louise Isabelle (ca. 1725), daughter
of the Due d' Orleans: betrothed to
Luis, eldest son of Philip of Spain,
8, 408
Louise of Savoy (1476-1531), mother
of Francis I of France; proposes
marriage to the Duke of Bourbon, 9,
139; negotiates the Ladies' Peace,
9, 141
Louisiana, one of the Southern States
of the United States, called the
Creole State: Acadians in (1755),
23, 181; ceded to Spain (1763), II,
505, 23, 198; retroceded to France
(1800), 8, 484; ceded to the United
States, 8, 484, 9, 320, 20, 130, 136,
269, 304, 22, 286; purchased, 23, 395;
importance of purchase of, in
American history, 399; uncertain
boundaries of, 443; citizenship in-
sured in purchase, 445; admitted, 23,
451, 24, 568; slavery in, 23, 451, 453,
24, 568; in Missouri compromise,
23, 455; outbreak against Spanish
in New Orleans, 24, 625; delegates
withdraw from Democratic conven-
tion, 679; secession, 689; Confeder-
ates seize Forts St. Philip, Jackson,
and Livingston, 691; Confederates
seize United States mint at New Or-
leans, 692; reconstruction policy of
Lincoln, 833; reconstruction effects
in, 867; dispoiled by carpet bag gov-
ernor, 867; end of carpet bag rule,
873; governorship contests in, 872
note; negro franchise in, 873;
Presidential election of 1876, 910;
its plan of government used as the
model for governing canal zone,
1062
Louisiana Plan of Reconstruction:
favored by Lincoln, 24, 839
424
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Louisiana Purchase Exposition (1901) :
Congress passes bill for loan to, 24,
1053
Louisiana State Lottery: account of,
34, 973
Louisville, Kentucky: objective point
of Bragg's invasion, 24, yjy, expo-
sition at, 940
Louvain (Louvaine), Belgium: battles
of (891 A. D.), 16, 23, 18, 98; (1831),
I3> 301; expels the patrician fami-
lies, 13, 30; siege of (1635), 13, 212
Louvain, University of, Belgium:
founded (1426), 13, 63
Louvet de Couvray, Jean Baptiste
(1760-1797), French revolutionist:
incites insurrection in the depart-
ments, 9, 284
Louvois, Frangois Michel le Tellier,
Marquis of (1641-1691), French
statesman: creates a new army for
France, 9, 208; orders ravaging of
the Palatinate, 217
Lovejoy, Elijah Parish (1802-1837),
American clergyman and journalist,
an opponent of slavery; death, 24,
575
Lovel, Francis, Viscount Lovel (d.
1487): rebellion of, II, 224; joins
insurrection of Lambert Simmel,
224; death, 225
Lovell, James (18th century), an
American statesman: plots against
Washington, 23, 261
Lovers, War of the, uprisings in
France during reign of Henry III,
9, 160
Lovtcha, Bulgaria: battle of (1877),
14, 482
Low, Sir Robert Cunliffe (b. 1838)
British general: his campaign for
the relief of Chitral (1895), 5, 278
Low Archipelago: see Tuamotu
Islands
Lowell, James Russell (1819-1891), an
American poet and diplomat: in
American literature, 23, 481; quoted
on effect of bombardment of Fort
Sumter, 24, 715
Lowenhaupt, Count Adam Ludwig
(1659-1719), Swedish soldier: cam-
paign of, 15, 48, 49
Lowenhaupt, Carl Emil (18th cen-
tury), Swedish commander: with-
draws from Russia, 15, 131
Lowentahl (Lowendal), Count Fred-
eric Waldemar of (1700-1755),
French soldier: takes Bergen-op-
Zoom (1747), 9, 240
Lowenwold, Count (18th century),
Russian nobleman: banishment of,
15, 138
Lower Austria, province of Austria-
Hungary: united with Hungary
and Bohemia, 17, 3; relics of
the stone age found in, 10; in-
vaded by the Slavs, 19; surrendered
to the Empire, 75; in the struggle
against the French Revolution, 286;
revolutionary ideas in, 349; revolu-
tion of 1848, 361
Lower Bengal, India: conquered by
Bakhtiyar Khilji (1203), 5, 96; early
history of, 107; captured by Akbar,
113
Lower California, Mexico: William
Walker attempts to make a repub-
lic of, 24, 626
Lower Ganges Canal, India: sketch of,
5, 223
Lower Lorraine, Charles, Duke of
(10th century A. D.): defeated by
Hugh Capet, 18, 119
Lower Peru, South America: see Peru
Lowestoft, England: battle of (1665),
11, 386
Lowndes, William (ca. 1810), Ameri-
can politician: in Congress during
War of 1812, 23, 417
Lowoestine (19th century), comman-
der of French National Guard:
assists schemes of Napoleon III, 9,
442
Lozano, patriot of Bogota, South
America: death of, 21, 65
Lubeck, Germany, founded, 11, 43, 18,
146; a member of the Hanseatic
League, 174; attacked by Christo-
pher, 16, 131; surrenders to Wallen-
stein, 18, 276; recovered from the
French, 382
Lubeck, Chronicle of: quoted, 16, 120
Lubeck, Peace of, a treaty concluded
between Christian IV of Denmark
GENERAL INDEX
425
and the German Emperor (1629),
16, 201, 9, 190
Liibecker, General: campaign of, 15.
48; in Finland, 64
Lublue, Diet of, an agreement by
which the political union of Poland
and Lithuania was proclaimed
(1569), 15, 377
Lucan, George Charles Bingham, Earl
of (1800-1888), an English general:
in the Crimean War, 15, 311, 315
Lucaniaus, southern Italian tribe: vic-
tories in southern Italy, 3, 65
Lucar, Spain: battle of (1875), 8, 515
Lucas, Charles (17th century), a
Dublin apothecary: leader of the
Popular Party, 12, 173
Lucca, province of Italy: given to the
prince of Piombino, 10, 462
Luceres, a tribe of ancient Rome: set-
tle on the Tiber, 3, 9
Luceria, Italy: captured by Romans,
3, 70
Lucerne, Switzerland: uprising in,
13, 499; siege of (1847), 552
Lucerne, League of, a union of Swiss
states for mutual aid, 13, 385
Luchana, Spain: battle of, 8, 497
Luckner, Count Nikolaus (1722-1794),
a French commander: his campaign
in Belgium, 9, 273
Lucknow, India: siege of (1857), 5,
237
Lucknow, Treaty of, between India
and Great Britain (1801), 5, 198
Lucterius (ca. 50 B. C), a Gallic war-
rior: at siege of Uxellodunum, 3,
308
Lucullus (2nd century B. C.)> Roman
consul: his campaign in Spain, 8, 19
Lucullus, Lucius Licinus (ca. 110-57
B. C), a Roman general, surnamed
Ponticus: attacks Mithradates on
sea, 3, 219; campaigns in the East,
258; recalled from Asia, 269; retires
to private life, 278; value of his
fishes, 381; aids debtors in Asia,
390
Liideritz (19th century), a Bremen
merchant: sketch of, 19, 97
Liiders, Count Alexander (1790-1874),
a Russian soldier: in the Hungarian
insurrection, 15, 301; made viceroy
of Poland, 326
Ludlow Commission, The, three com-
missioners appointed to examine the
Nicaragua Canal route: appointed
by Congress, 24, 1057
Ludolf (10th century), Duke of Sua-
bia: accession of, 18, ill; rebellion
of, 112; death of, 113
Ludolf, Henry (1 624-1 704), a German
student: writes a Russian grammar,
IS, 34
Ludwig I ( 1 786-1868), King of Ba-
varia, 1825-1848: reign of, 18, 396
Ludwig II (1845-1886), King of Ba-
varia, 1864-1886: mission of, 18, 427
Ludwig (Lewis) (II) the Severe (late
13th century), Duke of Bavaria:
guardian of Conradin, 18, 169; en-
ters into an alliance with Rudolf of
Plapsburg, 17, 75, 18, 180
Ludwig: see also Louis and Lewis
Lueders Incident, The, a diplomatic
dispute between Germany and Hay-
ti, 22, 502
Lueger, Karl (b. 1844), Austrian poli-
tician: leads Christian socialism
movement, 17, 453
Lugalzaggisi, King of Kish, ca. 4000
B. C: conquers Babylonia, 1, 75
Lugard, F. D. (19th century), British
soldier: his mission in Africa, 19,
170; enters the service of the British
East Africa Company, 192; his serv-
ices against the Arabs, 238
Lugdunum, Gaul: battle of, 4, 101
Lugo, Alvarez (19th century), South
American statesman: made Minister
of Public Credit, 31, 100
Luis I, King of Spain, 1724: marries
Louise Isabelle, 8, 408; accession to
throne, 408
Luis I (1838-1889), King of Portugal,
1861-1889: reign of, 8, 538
Luitpold (d. 907 A. D.), Duke of Ba-
varia: death of, 18, 100
Luitprand: see Liutprand
Luitward, Bishop (9th century A. D.) :
conspiracy of, 18, 98
Luke, Saint (1st century A. D.), one
of the twelve Apostles: his work in
Dalmatia, 17, 14
426
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Luli: see Elulasus
Lumber Industry: in New England,
23, 135; in North Carolina, 137
Lumbrozo, Jacob (ca. 1660), a Spanish
Jew, living in Maryland: sketch of,
I, 425
Lumey, William de, Count de la
Marck (16th century), Dutch naval
officer: made commander of the
privateers, 13, 112
Lumsdem, Sir Peter Stark (b. 1829),
an English diplomat: in the Afghan
Frontier Commission, 5, 265
Luna, Italy: founded, 3, 133
Lunalilo (1835-1874), King of Hawaii,
1873-1874: reign of, 20, 309
Lund, Sweden: battle of (1676), 16,
212
Lundy, Colonel (17th century), Irish
soldier: takes oath of allegiance to
William and Mary, 12, 133
Lundy, Benjamin (19th century),
American journalist: publishes abo-
litionist paper, 24, 574
Lundy's Lane, a road leading west-
ward from Niagara River, near the
Falls: battle of (1814), 23, 426
Luneville, Treaty of, a treaty between
France and Austria (1801), 8, 483,
9, 317, 10, 442, 17, 285, 18, 364
Lunsford, Thomas (17th century), an
English soldier: appointed Lieuten-
ant of the Tower, II, 342
Lupicinus, Saint (ca. 500 A. D.),
monk of Gaul: sketch of, 13, 338
Lupicinus (4th century B. C.)> Roman
lieutenant: defeated by the Goths,
4, 137
Luque, Fernando de (16th century), a
Dominican monk: career of, 21, 18
Lusatia, a kingdom of Germany, now
included in Saxony and Prussia:
conquest of, 18, 107; united to Bo-
hemia, 17, 65; invaded by Procopius
the Great, 135; joined to Saxony,
212
Lusitania: see Portugal
Lussi, Melchior (16th century), leader
of the Catholic Party in Switzer-
land: introduces the Jesuits into
Switzerland, 13, 457
Lutf AH (1769-179S), Shah of Persia,
1789-1795: reign of, 5, 356
Luther, Martin, German religious re-
former, called The Monk of Eisle-
ben, The Monk of Wittenberg, The
German Paul, and The Michael An-
gelo of the Reformation: born at
Eisleben, Saxony, November 10,
1483; was educated in the schools
of Magdeburg and Eisenach and
at the University of Erfurt, taking
his first degree there in 1502 and
his second, or the Master's degree,
early in 1505; then began the study
of law but was interrupted by a
change in his inner religious life
and without his father's consent,
entered the Augustinian monastery,
July 16, 1505; was ordained priest,
1507; became professor of philoso-
phy at the University of Witten-
berg, 1508; was called to the Uni-
versity of Erfurt, 1509, but returned
to Wittenburg as Professor of
Theology, eighteen months later;
made a visit to Rome, 1511; be-
came Doctor of Theology, 1512,
and provincial vicar of his order
for Meissen and Thuringia; pub-
lished ninety-five theses against the
sale of indulgencies, October 31,
1517; wrote letters of apology to
the Pope, May 30, 1518, and March
3, 1519; was excommunicated, June
16, 1520, and his writings burned at
various places; publicly burned the
bull of excommunication, December
10, 1520; was at the Diet of Worms,
April 17 and 18, 1521, whither he
had been summoned by the Em-
peror Charles V; on his return from
Worms, May 4, he was seized by
friends in disguise and carried to
the Wartburg Castle where he re-
mained until March, 1522, with the
exception of three days in December
when he appeared among his most
intimate friends at Wittenberg for
much needed conference; published
his translation of the New Testa-
ment, September 21, 1522; began
his work of reforming the mass,
1523; published hymns, 1524; mar-
ried Catherine von Vora, June 13,
1525; published both a long and a
GENERAL INDEX
4.2'
short catechism, 1529; was engaged
in conference with Zwingli at Mar-
burg, October, 1529; published his
translation of the whole Bible, 1534;
continued incessantly active until
the end of his life in the completion
and revision of his translation of
the Bible; died at Eisleben, Febru-
ary 18, 1546
Main treatment, 9, 138, 18, 233;
revolt of, 4, 299; publishes his
theses, 17, 149; teachings of, II,
244; effect of teachings in the Neth-
erlands, 13, 55; in Germany, 9, 138,
141, 142; in Denmark, 142; in Swe-
den, 142; in France, 142; in Eng-
land, 12, 85; in Ireland, II, 244, 12,
86; in Scotland, 12, 312
Lutheran Church, The: organization
of, 18, 245; established in Denmark,
16, 194; in the Netherlands, 13, 91;
not tolerated in New York, 23, 148
Luthol, Count (18th century), Russian
courtier: favorite of Catherine I, 15,
98
Lutke, Fedor Petrovitch (1797-1882),
a Russian navigator: explorations
of, 16, 317
Lutter, Germany: battle of (1626), 18,
275
Lutterberg, Germany: battle of (1758),
9, 245
Luttrell, Colonel (18th century), an
English statesman: elected to Par-
liament, 11, 511
Luttrell, Henry, Lord Carhampton
(18th century), English soldier: sent
to Connaught, 12, 206
Liitzen, Prussia: battles of (1632), 9,
190, 13, 215, 16, 182, 17, 211, 18,
284; (1813), 9, 343, 10, 402, 13, 272,
15, 261, 18, 382
Luxembourg, Frangois Henri, Duke de
(1628-1695), a French marshal: his
campaign in the Low Countries, 9,
217, 13, 240
Luxemburg, European state: adjudged
to Holland, 18, 392
Luxemburg, German city: siege of
(1795), 9, 293
Luynes, Charles d'Albert, Duke of
(17th century), French courtier: in-
fluence of, 9, 180
Luzara, Italy: battle of (1703), 9, 220
Lyall, Sir Alfred Comyn (1835 ),
Anglo-Indian statesman: sketch of,
5, 263
Lyall, Sir James Broadwood (1839-
), Anglo-Indian statesman:
sketch of, 5, 264
Lycians, people of Asia Minor: con-
quered by Persia, 2, 126
Lyciscus (ca. 170 B. C), Greek gen-
eral: chosen stratigus of Aetolian
League, 3, 149
Lycomedes (ca. 370 B. C), Arcadian
general: defeated by Spartans, 2,
444
Lycurgus, a Spartan lawgiver: sup-
posed to have lived in the 9th
century B. C; supposed to have been
the son of King Eunomus, whose
successor was his son Polydectes;
upon the death of the latter, Lycur-
gus refused the crown and sup-
ported the claim of the posthumous
son of Polydectes; traveled in for-
eign lands, studied their institutions
and returned home to present a per-
fect constitution to Sparta; after he
received an oath from the people
that they would not change his
laws, he went into voluntary exile
and never returned
Consults Delphic oracle, 2, 44;
legislator of Sparta, 61; institutions
of, 62; attempt to revive institutions
of, 517
Lydia, Kingdom of, Asia Minor: main
treatment, I, 139, 2, 114; conquered
by Persia, 123; Sardes burned by
Ionians, 135; conquered by Alex-
ander, 489
Lykke, Ivar (ca. 1390), Danish com-
mander: leads the Danish forces, 16,
121
Lyman, Phineas (1716-1775), Ameri-
can officer: in French and Indian
War, 23, 183
Lynar, Count (1708-1781), German
statesman and scholar: intrigues of,
15, 129
Lynch, Eliza (19th century), South
American heroine of English an-
cestry: sketch of, 21 158
Lynch, John R. (19th century), Amer-
428
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
ican freedman: leader of negro race,
24, 587
Lyndesay, Sir David (1495-1567),
Scottish poet: sketch of, 12, 309
Lyndhurst, John Singleton Copley,
Baron (1772-1863), English states-
man: proposes alteration in Reform
Bill, 11, 589
Lyon, Matthew (1746-1822), American
politician and soldier of Irish birth:
prosecuted under the Sedition Act,
23, 378
Lyon, Nathaniel P. (1819-1861), Amer-
ican general: leader of Missouri
Unionists, 34, 721; in campaign of
1861-1862, 740; killed, 741
Lyonne (17th century), French states-
man: minister of foreign affairs, 9,
207
Lyons, France: headquarters of Chris-
tianity in Gaul, 9, 12; battle near, 4,
101; revolt of, 10, 269; defense and
taking of, 275; sentence of the com-
mittee of public safety against, 278
Lyons, John (nth century), Flemish
citizen: leads insurrection in Ghent,
13, 34
Lyons, Richard (14th century), Eng-
lish politician, impeached, II, 172
Lyons, Treaty of, a peace concluded
between Charles Emmanuel, Duke
of Savoy, and Henry IV, King of
France (1601), 9, 172
Lysander (ca. 407 B. C.) Spartan gen-
eral and statesman: sketch of, 2, 368,
398; allied with Cyrus, 369, 370, 375,
382; wins battle of Notium, 369;
wins battle of Aegospotami, 375,
376; takes Athens, 378; his influence
in Greece, 380, 381; disgraced by
ephors, 382; goes with Agesilaus to
Asia, 393; slain at Haliartus, 398
Lysias (2nd century B. C), Roman
regent of Syria: campaigns against
the Jews, I, 406
Lysicles (ca. 340 B. C.) Athenian gen-
eral: at the battle of Chaeroneia, 2,
477
Lysimachus (355-281 B. C), King of
Thrace, 323-281 B. C, and of Mace-
don, 286-281 B. C: his share in
Alexander's empire, 2, 512
Lytton, Edward Robert Bulwer Lyt-
ton, Earl of (1831-1891), English
poet and diplomat: governor-general
of India, 5, 254
M
Macadam (McAdam), John Loudon
(1756-1836), Scottish surveyor: im-
proves roads in England, 11, 589
Mac Art, Connac, legendary King of
Ireland: legend of, 12, 25
Macarthur, John (ca. 1800), English
lieutenant: his work for Australia,
20, 185
McCarthy, Justin Huntley (1862 ),
Irish statesman: leads Anti-Parnel-
lite majority, 12, 242 note
Macartney, George, Earl of (1737-
1806), English statesman: at the
Russian court, 15, 162; British am-
bassador to Peking, 6, no; arrives
at Tientsin, in; arrives at Peking,
in; received by Emperor at Jehol,
113; returns to England, 114
Macaulay, Thomas Babington, Baron
(1800-1859), English scholar, critic,
and historian: favors Reform Bill,
H 558; made legal member of the
supreme council of India, 5, 214;
sketch of, 11, 612
Macaulay, Zachary (1768-1838), Eng-
lish philanthropist: agitates slavery
question, 11, 592
Macbeth, legendary King of Scotland:
reign of, 12, 256
Maccabaeus, Judas: see Judas Macca-
baeus
Maccabaeus, The French: see Mont-
fort, Simon de
Maccabees, The, Jewish family: revolt
of, 3, 167
McClellan, George Brinton, an Amer-
ican soldier and scientist: born at
Philadelphia, Penna., December 3,
1826; passed two years at the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania; graduated
from West Point, 1846, and was
. commissioned brevet second lieuten-
ant of engineers; served in the Mex-
ican War, 1846-1848, winning the
brevets of first lieutenant and cap-
tain for gallantry; promoted first
lieutenant of engineers, 1853, and
captain of cavalry, 1855; was sent to
Europe during the Crimean War to
report on military systems; resigned
from the army, 1857, and was en-
gaged in railroad business from then
until the outbreak of the Civil War,
1861; placed in command of the De-
partment of the Ohio and commis-
sioned major-general of the Ohio
volunteers, April 23, 1861; made
major-general in the regular army,
May 14, 1861, by the President who
ordered him to disperse the Con-
federate force occupying West Vir-
ginia; reported this task done, July
14, 1861; made commander of the
Department of the Potomac, August
20, 1861; was general-in-chief of the
army, November 1, 1861-March n,
1862; directed the Peninsular Cam-
paign; was in charge of the troops
for the defense of the capital; was
at the battles of South Mountain
and Antietam, September 14-17,
1862; was succeeded by General
Burnside, November 7, 1862; retired
to New Jersey and took no further
part in the war; was nominated for
the Presidency by the Democratic
Party, 1864, but was defeated by
Lincoln; lived in Europe, 1865-
1868; superintended the construction
of the Stevens battery, 1868; was
chief engineer of the department of
docks of New York City, 1870-1872;
was Governor of New Jersey, 1878-
1881; died at Orange, N. J., Octo-
ber 29, 1885
Sent to Virginia, 24, 732; cam-
paign in West Virginia, 73s; com-
mands Army of Potomac, 757; re-
called from Peninsular campaign,
762: complains of lack of support,
429
430
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
762; reinstated in command of
Army of the Potomac, 764; wel-
comed by Maryland, 764; at Antie-
tam, 765; succeeded by Burnside,
766; denounces Emancipation Proc-
lamation, 767; final removal from
command, 769; Lincoln's estimate
of, 769; reinstatement agitated, 790;
nominated for President, 800; in
Democratic Presidential nomination,
1065
Mac-Clernand, John Alexander (1812-
1900), American general: at siege
of Fort Donelson, 24, 744
Mac-Clintock, Leopold, Sir Francis
(1819 ), English Arctic explorer
of Irish birth: searches for Frank-
lin, 16, 311
McClure, Alexander Kelly (1828 ),
American journalist, author and pol-
itician: joins liberal movement, 24,
890
McCook, Alexander McDowell (1831-
1903), American General: at Stone
River, 24, 774
McCracken, Henry Joy (ca. 1800),
Irish insurgent: in the Rebellion of
1798, 12, 213
McCulloch, Benjamin (1814-1862),
American general: in Missouri
Campaign, 24, 740
McCulloch, Hugh (1808-1895), Amer-
ican banker and statesman: Secre-
tary of the Treasury, 24, 898
MacDonald, Sir Claude Maxwell (1852-
), English general: negotiates
treaty with Japan, 7, 232
MacDonald, Donald (18th century),
Scotch Tory commander: Caswell
defeats, 23, 236
Macdonald, fitienne Jacques Joseph
Alexander, Duke of Tarentum
(1765-1840), French marshal of
Scotch ancestry: commands army of
Naples, 9, 308; in the Napoleonic
Wars, 18, 383, 385; refuses to take
up arms for Napoleon, 10, 500; cam-
paign against Napoleon, 9, 360
Macdonald, Flora, Scottish heroine:
born at Milton in the Island of
South Uist, one of the Hebrides,
1720; became celebrated in 1746 as
the heroine of some of the adven-
tures of the Young Pretender whom
she assisted in escaping pursuit from
South Uist to Skye; was imprisoned
on board vessels of war and in Lon-
don for several months; released,
1747; married Allan Macdonald,
1750, and settled at Fayetteville, N.
C., 1775; during the Revolutionary
War her husband served as an of-
ficer in the British army, and Flora
returned to Skye, where she died,
March 4, 1790
Saves the Young Pretender from
capture, 12, 368
Macdonald, Sir James Ronald Leslie
(1862 ), English general and en-
gineer: surveys for an African rail-
way, 19, 190; commands military
escort of Thibetan mission, 5, 298
Macdonald, Sir John Alexander, a
Canadian statesman: born at Glas-
gow, Scotland, January 11, 1815; re-
moved with his family to Kingston,
Canada, 1820; was educated at the
Royal Grammar School in Kings-
ton; was admitted to the bar, 1836;
represented Kingston in the Canada
assembly from 1844 almost contin-
uously until his death; became, Re-
ceiver-General, May 21, 1847, com-
missioner of crown lands, December
7, 1847, Attorney-General for Up-
per Canada, September 11, 1854, an
office which he held except for
a few days in 1858 until May, 1862;
was again Attorney-General under
the administration of Sir fetienne
Tache, 1864-1867; contributed more
than any other person in Canada
toward the consummation of the
Union, 1867; was prime minister,
1867-1873, 1878-1891; was one of the
British commissioners who signed
the Treaty of Washington, May 8,
1871; died at Ottawa, June 6, 1891
At the Quebec convention, 20,
165; leads conservative party, 167,
174; in Joint High Commission, 24,
883
McDonough, Thomas (1784-1825),
American commodore: wins victory
on Lake Champlain, 23, 423; among
naval heroes of War of 1812, 433
GENERAL INDEX
431
McDowell, Irwin (1818-1885), Amer-
ican general: plans battle of Bull
Run, 24, 734; defeated by Jackson,
760
McDuffie, George (1788-1851), Amer-
ican lawyer and politician: quoted
on the necessity of slavery, 24, 591
Mac Dunlevy, Prince of Ulidia (ca.
1 180), Irish king: attacks Sir John
de Courcy, 12, 53
MacErc, Fergus (ca. 6th century A.
D.), Scotch leader: leads Scots to
Scotland, 12, 251
Mac Geoghegan (ca. 1600), Irish
chief: attempts to defend Dunboy,
12, 102
Mac Gilla, Patrick, King of Ossory
(12th century), Irish king: at war
with Dermot McMurrogh, 12, 49
MacGregor (ca. 1817), Scotch soldier-
of-fortune: aids South American
revolutionists, 21, 66
Machasrus (ca. 73 A. D.), Hebrew
general: capitulates to Rome, I,
412
Machault d'Arnouville, Jean Baptiste
(1701-1794), French statesman and
financier: edict of, 9, 241; death of,
289
Mcintosh (19th century), Indian chief:
concludes treaty, 24, 470
McKane, John Y. (19th century),
American politician: conviction of,
24, 948
Mackau (ca. 1840), French naval of-
ficer: concludes a treaty with Rosas
of Buenos Ayres, 21, 125
McKean, Thomas (1734-1817), Amer-
ican statesman: delegate to first
Continental Congress, 23, 223
Mac Kelleher, Mailmurry (d. 1106)
Irish scribe: writes the " Book of the
Dun Cow," 12, 7
MacKenzie, Sir Alexander (1755-
1820), Scotch trader and explorer:
explorations of, 16, 307, 20, 129
Mackenzie, Sir George S. (1844 ),
English merchant: his work in Af-
rica, 19, 185
Mackenzie, John (ca. 1877), English
missionary: appointed Deputy Com-
missioner to Bechuanaland, 19, 214
McKenzie, William Lyon (1 794-1861),
Scotch Canadian journalist and poli-
tician: leads Canadian Insurrection,
23, 515
Mackiewicz (ca. i860), Polish priest:
in the Polish insurrection, 15, 328
Mackinaw, Canada: captured by In-
dians, 23, 200; given up by England,
362; fall of, 420
McKinley, William, an American
statesman: President of the United
States, 1897-September 14, 1901;
born at Niles, Ohio, January 29,
1843; educated at public schools,
Poland Academy, and Allegheny
College; taught in public schools;
enlisted as a private in the 23d Ohio
Volunteer Infantry, 1861; promoted
commissary sergeant, 1862; second
lieutenant, 1862; first lieutenant,
1863; captain, 1864; served on the
staffs of Generals R. B. Hayes,
George Cook, and Winfield S. Han-
cock; breveted major, U. S. volun-
teers by President Lincoln for gal-
lantry in battle, March 13, 1865; de-
tailed as acting assistant adjutant-
general, first division, first army
corps, until mustered out, July 26,
1865; studied law in Mahoning
County, Ohio, and took a course
in the Albany Law School, 1867; ad-
mitted to the Ohio bar, 1867, and
settled in Canton, Ohio; was prose-
cuting attorney for Stark County,
Ohio, 1869; member of Congress,
1876-1891, and as chairman of the
Commission on Ways and Means
reported the tariff bill of 1890,
known as the McKinley Bill; elected
Governor of Ohio, 1891, and re-
elected, 1893; nominated and elected
President of the United States,
1896; inaugurated, March 4, 1897;
reelected, 1900; shot by an assassin
at Buffalo, September 6, 1901, and
died September 14, 1901
Enters Congress, 24, 916; offers
protective tariff bill, 968; nominated
for President (1896), 1012; elected
President (1896), 1018; inaugurated
(1897), 1018; financial legislation,
1019; fur seal controversy, 1020; the
war with Spain, 1021; re-nominated
432
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
for President (1900), 1038; second
election, 1040; appoints a commis-
sion for the Philippine Islands,
1042; second inauguration, 1049:
shot by assassin, 1049; death of,
1049; characterization of, 1049
McKinley Tariff Law, in American
history, a tariff bill with highly pro-
tective features: enacted, 24, 169;
effect on election (1890), 975; at-
tacked by Congress, 995
Mackinnon, Sir William (19th cen-
tury), English soldier: his negotia-
tions with the sultan of Zanzibar,
19, 84; leads movement for relief
of Emin Pasha, 138; president of
the British East Africa Association,
182; his work in British East Africa,
205
Mackintosh, Colonel (ca. 1847), Amer-
ican officer: in the Mexican War,
22, 364
Mackintosh, Sir James (ca. 1820),
English statesman: advocates re-
form of the criminal law, 11, 575
McLane, Louis (1786-1857), American
statesman: transferred by Jackson,
23, 503
McLean, John (1785-1861), American
statesman and jurist: candidate for
presidential nomination (1856), 24,
654; dissents from Taney's decision,
660
McMahon, Sir Arthur Henry (1862-
), Anglo-Indian military officer:
his mission in Leistan, 5, 296
Mac Mahon, Brian (ca. 1602), Irish
traitor: treason of, 12, 102
MacMahon, Marie Ednu Patrice
Maurice, Due de Magenta (1808-
1893), French statesman and soldier
of Irish extraction, President of the
French Republic, 1873-1879: in the
Franco-Prussian War, 9, 463, 18,
421; elected President of the French
Republic, 9, 477; arbitrates English
and Portuguese claims in Africa, 19,
52
MacMurrogh, Dermot, King of Lein-
ster, ca. 1150: reign of, 12, 48
M'Nab, Sir Allan (ca. 1850), Canadian
politician: leader of the Conserva-
tive Party, 20, 157
Macnaghten, Sir William Hay (ca.
1850), Anglo-Indian diplomat: sec-
retary to Lord Auckland, 5, 215;
sketch of, 218
Mac Nally, Leonard (ca. 1790), Irish
attorney: sketch of, 12, 202
M'Neill, Sir John (ca. 1840), English
diplomat: his mission to Teheran,
5, 361
MacNevin, William J. (ca. 1800), Irish
physician and patriot: joins the
United Irishmen, 12, 207
Macpherson, Sir Herbert Taylor
(1827-1886), English officer: com-
mands Indian troops in Egyptian
campaign, 5, 259
McPherson, James Birdseye (1828-
1864), American general: in Sher-
man's march to Atlanta, 24, 794;
killed at Peach Tree Creek, 797; po-
litical effect of death, 801
Macpherson, Sir John (1745-1821),
Anglo-Indian diplomat: sketch of,
5, 195
Macquarie, Lachlan (1 762-1 824), Brit-
ish general: made governor of New
South Wales, 20, 184
M'Queen (19th century), British ge-
ographer: urges British government
to establish claims in the Niger
region, 19, 50
M'tesa (19th century), African chief:
his interviews with Stanley, 19, 60;
resists the French, 160
Mac Turkill, Hasculf, Danish King of
Dublin, ca. 1170: submits to Dermot
MacMurrough, 12, 49
McVeagh, Wayne (1833 ), Amer-
ican lawyer: in Garfield's cabinet,
24, 932
Ma (19th century), Chinese fanatic:
leader in Mohammedan Rebellion,
6, 211
Ma Yuan (17th century), celebrated
Chinese artist: mentioned, 6, 39
Maanen, Cornelius Felix van (ca.
1830), Belgian statesman: popular
opposition to, 13, 295
Mabas, negro race in the Central Su-
dan in Africa: sketch of, 19, 164
Macao, China: under Portuguese rule,
20, 298; taken by the English, 6.
119
GENERAL INDEX
483
Macedonia, southeastern Europe: con-
quered by Persians, I, 166, 2, 133;
allied to Brasidas, 2, 313; invaded
by Pelopidas, 444; people of, com-
pared to the Greeks, 455; in division
of Alexander's empire, 512; assigned
to Polysperchon, 512; supremacy in
Greece, 2, 513, 3, 136; resistance to
supremacy of, 2, 516; made a Roman
province, 2, 519, 3, 165; Jazyges set-
tle in, 17, 15; relations with Russia
and Austria-Hungary, 449
"Macedonian," English frigate: cap-
tured, 23, 422
Macedonian Question, The, a phase
of the Eastern Question: discussion
of, 14, 506
Macedonian Wars, wars between
Rome and Macedonia: first (214-205
B. C), 3, 125; second (200-197 B.
C), 2, 518, 3, 140; third (171-168 B.
C), 2, 519, 3, 147; fourth (149-148
B. C), 2, 519
Maceo, Antonio (1848-1896), Cuban
patriot: leads Cuban patriots, 22,
453; defeats the Spanish battalion,
456
Macieiowice, Poland: battle of (1794),
15, 190
Maciel (Conselheiro), Antonio (ca.
1897), South American insurgent:
leads rebellion of the Jagunc.os, 21,
255
Mack von Leiberich, Baron Karl
(1752-1828), Austrian general: his
campaign against France, 15, 214;
capitulates at Ulm, 17, 293, 18, 367
Macon Bill No. 2, bill regulating
American commercial relations with
England and France (1810), 23, 415
Macrinus, Marcus Opilus (164-218 A.
D.), Roman Emperor, 217-218 A. D.:
kills Caracalla, 4, 102; recognized as
emperor, 102
Macro, Naevius Sertorius (ca. 37 A.
D.), Roman general: overthrows
Sejanus, 4, 52; accused of killing Ti-
berius, 54; his death, 56
Mad King of Lacedaemon, The: see
Cleomenes
Mad Life, Band of the, name chosen
by Swiss mediaeval rioters (1477),
13, 410
Mad Mullah (ca. 1850), Mohammedan
fanatic: at war with the English, 5,
278
Mad Parliament, The, name given to
the English Parliament which met
at Oxford in 1258, II, 138
Madagascar, island in Indian Ocean:
discovered by the Portuguese, 8,
329; French attempts to colonize,
19, 56, 20, 78; French protectorate
established, 20, 278; sketch of, 19,
211, 212
Madame Veto: see Marie Antoinette,
Queen of France
Madatov, General (ca. 1826), Russian
officer: defeats the Persians, 15, 283
Madeira, island off west coast of
Africa: discovered, 23, 24; sketch
of, 19, 213; under Portuguese rule,
20, 299
Madelin, Spain: battle of (1809), 9,
337
Madhu Rao (ca. 1760), Maratha
peshwa, Indian prince: reign of, 5,
133
Madhu Rao Narayan (ca. 1780), Mar-
atha peshwa, Indian prince: reign
of, 5, 136
Madison, James, an American states-
man: President of the United States,
1809-1817; born at Port Conway,
Virginia, March 16, 1751; was edu-
cated by the parish minister and at
the Princeton (N. J.) College, grad-
uating from the latter place, 1771;
represented Virginia in Congress,
1780-1783; was a member of the
Constitutional Convention, 1787;
was again a member of Congress
from Virginia, 1789-1797; drew up
the Virginia Resolutions, 1798; was
Secretary of State, 1801-1809; was
elected President of the United
States by the Democratic Party,
1808, and reelected, 1812; retired to
Montpelier, Va., 1817, where he died,
June 28, 1836
Character of, 23, 414; proposes in-
terstate commerce commission, 321;
in Constitutional Convention, 324:
his journal of the Constitutional
Convention, 324; his compromise
for revenue quotas, 328; favors the
434
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Constitution, 335; writes for the
" Federalist," 335; member of Vir-
ginia ratification committee, 336; in
first Congress, 342; author of Vir-
ginia Resolutions, 379; his views on
nullification, 379; appointed Secre-
tary of State, 388; nominated Presi-
dent, 413; elected President. 434;
declines third term, 434; vetoes in-
ternal improvements, 441; advises
on Monroe Doctrine, 447; his views
on internal improvement, 488;
quoted on slavery in Virginia, 24,
564; president of American Coloni-
zation Society, 571
Madison, Mrs. (ca. 1800), wife of
President Madison: rescues the Stu-
art portrait of Washington, 23, 427
Madman of the North, The: see
Charles XII, King of Sweden
Madras (Madraspatam, Chennapatam),
India: founded (1639), 5, 163; taken
by the French (1746), 5, 179, 20,
115; siege of (1781), 5, 193
Madrid, Spain: captured by the allies,
8, 397; American legation building
threatened at, 24, 887
Madrid, Treaties of: (1526), a peace
concluded between Francis I of
France and Charles V of Austria,
4, 303, 9, 140; (1801), a peace con-
cluded between Spain and France,
10, 444
Mads, Bishop of Strangnas (d. 1520),
Swedish ecclesiastic: execution of,
16, 149
Madura, Island of, island in the Pa-
cific Ocean near Java: description
of, 20, 286
Maecenas, Caius Citnius (70-8 B. C.)
Roman politician and patron of lit-
erature: aids in making a new di-
vision of territory among the trium-
virs, 4, 20; sketch of, 38; death, 43
Maecenas of France, The: see Francis
I, King of France
Maenas (ca. 40 B. C), Roman officer
in the pay of Sextus Pompeius : pro-
poses capture of Octavius and Mar-
cus Antonius and Lepidus, 4, 20;
betrays Sextus Pompeius, 21
Maestricht, Holland: sieges of (1579),
13, 133; (1675), 240; (1748), 9, 240
Maeterlinck, Maurice (1864 ), Bel-
gian dramatist: mentioned, 13, 312
Mafeking, South Africa: siege of
(1900), 11, 641, 20, 233
Mafia, Convent of, Portugal: founded
(ca. 1730), 8, 471
Mafia, The, Italian secret society: de-
scription of, 4, 403; in New Orleans,
24, 976
Magalhanes, Fernando de: see Magel-
lan, Ferdinand
Magaw, Colonel (ca. 1776), American
general: attempts to hold Fort
Washington, 23, 244
Magdeburg, Prussia: sieges of (1550-
1551), 18, 256; (1631), 279; battle of
(1792), 9, 275; surrenders to the
French (1806), 18, 372
Magdoshu, northern Africa: founded,
19. 13
Magellan, Ferdinand (Fernao de Ma-
galhaes), a Portuguese navigator:
born at Saborosa, Portugal, about
1480; served in the East Indies,
1505-1512; fought with the Portu-
guese in Morocco, 1514; succeeded
in interesting the Emperor Charles
V in his schemes to find a western
route to Asia, 1518; sailed from San
Lucas, September 20, 1519; explored
the coast of South America and
traded with the Indians, 1519-1520;
discovered and explored the strait
which now bears his name, October
21-November 28, 1520; from the
western end of this strait, he sailed
first north, then northwest and west;
discovered the Philippines, March
16, 1521; was killed in an attack on
the natives of one of the islands,
April 27, 1521
Proposes a new route to India,
8, 331; voyage and discoveries of,
5, 157, 8, 332, 20, 44 note, 51, 21,
17; death, 23, 37
Magellan, Straits of: see Straits of
Magellan
Magenta, Italy: battle of (1859), 4,
373, 9, 45i, 17, 385, 18, 405
Magersfontein, South Africa: battle of
(1900), 11, 641
Maggiore Lake, Italy: battle of
(1636), 9, 192
GENERAL INDEX
435
Maglaj, Austria: battle of (1878), 17,
423
Magna Carta (Magna Charta), an
agreement between the king and the
nobles of England, .signed by John
at Runnymede (1215): signing and
terms of, 11, 127; changes in, at
accession of Henry III, 130
Magnan, Bernard Pierre (1791-1865),
French officer: assists schemes of
Napoleon III, 9, 442
Magnanimous, The: see Philip (II)
Augustus, King of France
Magnano, Italy: battle of (i799)> 9>
308
Magnentius, Flavius Popilius (300-353
A. D.), Roman general of German
birth: usurps Empire of the West,
4, 123; death, 124
Magnesia, Asia Minor: Greek colony,
2, 53; battle of (190 B. C), 3, H4',
taken by Egyptians under Ibrahim
Pasha (1832), 15, 291
Magnificent Distances, City of: see
Washington, D. C.
Magnitski, Michael (ca. 1810), Rus-
sian statesman: encourages Alexan-
der's reactionary views, 15, 265
Magnus (I) the Good, King of Nor-
way, 1035-1047, and of Denmark,
1042-1047: secures the Norwegian
throne, 11, 60, 16, 57; secures the
Danish throne, 16, 33
Magnus (III) Barfod (d. 1103), King
of Norway, 1093-1103: reign of, 12,
261, 16, 97
Magnus (IV) Sigurdson, King of Nor-
way, 1 1 30-1 134: defeat of, 16, 80;
reign of, 98
Magnus (VI) Lagabaeter (d. 1280),
King of Norway, 1262-1280: reign
of, 16, 100
Magnus (VII) Smek, King of Nor-
way: see Magnus (II) Smek, King
of Sweden and Norway
Magnus (I) Ladulaas (1240-1298),
King of Sweden, ca. 1275-1290: his
quarrels with Valdemar, 16, 104;
reign of, 105
Magnus (II) Smek (1316-1374), King
of Sweden and Norway, 1319-1363:
his reign in Norway, 16, 100; reign
of, 107; compelled to renounce the
throne, 108
Magnus (d. 1134), Prince of Den-
mark: sketch of, 16, 76
Magnus (d. 1320), Prince of Denmark:
death of, 16, 107
Magnus (16th century), Duke of East
Gothland: invested with his duchy,
16, 160; insanity of, 163
Magnus (nth century), Duke of Sax-
ony: his hostility to Henry IV of
Germany, 18, 132
Magnus, Johannes (1488-1544), Arch-
bishop of Upsala: his " History of
the Goths and Swedes," 16, 8
Magnus Henriksen (12th century),
Prince of Denmark: invades Swe-
den, 16, 102
Mago (d. 203 B. C.), Carthaginian gen-
eral: at battle of the Trebia, 3, 117;
defeats Publius Scipio, 8, 17; taken
prisoner by the Romans, 18; death,
3, 130
Mago (period uncertain), Carthaginian
writer: his treatise on agriculture, 3,
94
Magoffin, Beriah (ca. i860), American
statesman: as governor attempts to
keep Kentucky neutral, 24, 721
Magruder, John Bankhead (1810-1871),
American general: in the Mexican
War, 22, 345; at battle of Bull Run,
24, 734; at Yorktown, 758
Magyars, Finnish tribe: why called
Hungarians, 18, 99; main treatment,
17, 41; contribute to Austrian his-
tory, 5, 7; invade Moravia, 34; aid
Slavs against Turks, 14, 32
Mahabat Khan (ca. 1625), Indian gen-
eral: rebellion of, 5, 118
Mahabharata, Epic of the Hindoos:
description of, 5, 49
Maharajpur, India: battle of (1843), 5,
219
Maharbal (ca. 220 B. C), Carthaginian
general: captures Roman vanguard,
3, 118
Mahdi (ca. 780 A. D.), Asiatic ruler,
Caliph of Bagdad, 775-785 A. D.:
extravagance of, 1, 343; sends in-
vading army to Eastern Empire,
350
436
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Mahdi, The (1842-1885), Egyptian fa-
natic: main treatment, 19, 271; re-
volt mentioned, 1, 40
Mahe de la Bourdonnais, Bertrand
Frangois (1699-1755), French naval
officer: campaign in India, 5, 179
Mahinkis, African tribe: sketch of, 19,
148
Mahmood or Mahmoud: see Mahmud
Mahmud I (1696-1754), Sultan of
Turkey, 1730-1754: accession, 14,
293, 15. 116; reign of, 14, 295; death
of, 318
Mahmud II (1785-1839), Sultan of
Turkey, 1808-1839: instructed by Se-
lim III, 14, 400; refuses mediation,
*5> 275; declares war with Russia,
277; his war with Mehemet AH,
289; reign of, 14, 408; reforms of,
439; death of, 14, 436, 15, 292
Mahmud (d. 1725), an Afghan ruler:
reign of, 5, 348; character of, 350;
sketch of, 15, 78
Mahmud (early 15th century), titular
Khan of Jagetai: takes Bayezid pris-
oner, 14, 50
Mahmud (1603), an Ottoman prince,
son of Mohammed III: put to
death, 14, 209
Mahmud of Ghazni, one of the most
famous of all the Mohammedan
conquerors: born at Ghazni, 967 A.
D.; fought gallantly under his father
against the enemies of Nooh, the
Samanide king of Persia; as he
was illtreated by the successor of
Nooh, Mahmud overthrew him and
extended his dominion over a vast
territory; undertook twelve expedi-
tions into India bent upon conquest;
despoiled the temple of Somnath;
beautified his capital Ghazni; became
a patron of science and literature;
died at Ghazni, 1030
Reign of, 5, 91; conquests of,
328
Mahmud Shah, ruler of Afghanistan,
1800-1826: reign of, 5, 216
Mahmud Tchelebi (15th century), son-
in-law of Murad II: ransomed, 14,
63
Mahmud Tughlak, Sultan of India un-
til 1398: reign of, 5, 104
Mahomet Ali (ca. 1750), Indian poli-
tician: claims supported by the Eng-
lish, 9, 242
Maid of Norway, The: see Margaret,
Queen of Scotland
Maid of Orleans, The: see Jeanne
d'Arc
Maiden Castle, The: see Edinburgh
Maigrot, Bishop Charles (1652-1730),
Chinese missionary of French birth:
visits China, 6, 74; discredited by
emperor, 75
Mailhe, Jean Baptiste (1 754-1 834),
French revolutionist: opposes the
dogma of the king's inviolability,
10, 229
Maille (d. 1794), French officer: death
of, 9, 289
Maillotins, The, name given to French
insurgents (ca. 1381) : account of,
9, 107
Mailmora (ca. 1000 A. D.), King of
Leinster: joins the Danes, 12, 41
Maimonides (Moses ben Maimon)
(1 135-1204), Jewish rabbi and philos-
opher: sketch of, 1, 417
Ma'in, Kingdom of, Arabian king-
dom: founded, 1, 185
Maine, one of the United States, orig-
inally called " Mayneland," and is
sometimes called The Fox State and
the Pine Tree State: origin, 23, 95;
absorbed by Massachusetts, 96;
coast of, occupied by British in War
of 1812, 426; dispute over admission,
455; trouble with New Brunswick
over boundary, 514; election of 1854,
24, 645; election of 1880, 931; elec-
tion of 1896, 1018; election of 1904,
1072
"Maine," American battleship: de-
stroyed (1898), 8, 519, 20, 328, 22,
458, 24, 1024
Maine, Sir Henry James Sumner
(1822-1888), English jurist: law
member of the Indian councils, 5,
245
Maine, Louis Auguste de Bourbon,
Duke of (1670-1736): given tutor-
GENERAL INDEX
437
ship of Louis XV of France, 9, 227;
conspires against the regent, 230
Mainmoy, Conor, King of Connaught,
ca. 1200: opposes progress of De
Courcy, 12, 55
Mainotes, Grecian tribe: arm against
Turkey, 15, 178
Maintenon, Frangoise d' Aubigne,
Marquise de, wife of Louis XIV of
France: born in the prison of Mort,
France, November 27, 1635; lived
in Martinique, 1639-1646; married
Scarron the burlesque poet, 1652;
upon whose death she was left desti-
tute; appointed governess to the
Due du Maine, the son of Louis
XIV and Madame de Montespan;
bought the estate of Maintenon,
which the king made a marquisate,
1678; married Louis XIV, 1685;
gained great influence over the king
in matters of policy and patronized
the fine arts; established a home
for. the daughters of poor gentlemen
at St. Cyr and died there, April 15,
1719
Her relations with Louis XIV, 9,
216; closing days of, 226
Mainvielle, Pierre (1765-1793), French
revolutionist: death of, 10, 279
Mainz, Council of, a religious council
(852 A. D.) : depicts the condition of
Moravia, 17, 30
Maitland, John, Duke of Lauderdale:
see Lauderdale, John Maitland, Duke
of
Maitland, Sir Peregrine (ca. 1800),
English officer: his campaign in
Hayti, 20, 138
Maitland of Lethington, Sir William
(ca. 1570), Scottish statesman: re-
fuses England's demand for homage
from Scotland, 12, 320
Maitre-de-Camp, Regiment of, French
regiment: revolt of (1790), 10, 125
Maiwand, India: battle of (1879), 5,
258
Majestatbrief, charter securing free-
dom of conscience to Protestants in
Bohemia (1610), 18, 267
Majuba Hill, South Africa: battle of
(1881), 11, 634, 20, 230
Makarov (ca. 1730), Russian states-
man: career of, 15, no
Makarov, Stephen Osipovitch (1848-
1904), Russian admiral: death of, 15,
361
Makart, Hans (1840-1884), Austrian
painter: sketch of, 17, 415
Makbul Khan (ca. 1350), Indian states-
man: administration of, 5, 103
Malabari, Behramji Merwanji (1853-
), Indian poet and social re-
former: sketch of, 5, 271
Malacca, district on the Malay penin-
sula, India: sieges of (1511), 20, 42;
(1578), 5, 152; (1615), 152; (1628),
152; surrenders to the British (1795),
20, 139, 251
Malachi I, King of Ireland, 846-880 A.
D.: defeats the Danes, 12, 39
Malachi II, King of Ireland, 880-1001
A. D. : reign of, 12, 41
Malaga, Spain: siege of (1488), 8, 122:
battle of (1704), 9, 221; taken by
French (1810), 337
Malagon, Spain: siege of (1212), 8,
100
Malak Shah, Persian ruler, 1073-1093:
reign of, 5, 330
Malakov (Malakoff), Russia: taken
(1855), 9, 448, 15, 322
Mala-Spina, Germanicus de (ca. 1593),
Roman prelate: in Sweden, 16, 168
Malbic, Captain (ca. 1602), English
officer: at battle of Aughrim, 12,
104
Malcolm I, King of Scotland, 944-953
A. D.: reign of, 12, 255
Malcolm II, King of Scotland, 1003-
1033: defeats the North-humbrians,
11, 60; reign of, 12, 256
Malcolm (III) Canmore, King of
Scotland, 1057-1093: reign of, 12,
257; ravages northern England, 11,
73; invasion of England and death,
86
Malcolm IV (1140-1165), King of
Scotland, 1153-1165: surrenders
Northumberland and Cumberland
to England, 11, 98; reign of, 12,
265
Malcolm, Sir John (1 769-1833), Eng-
lish diplomat: envoy to Persia, 5,
438
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
206, 359; negotiations with the Mar-
athas, 209
Maiden, Canada: besieged by Hull,
(1812), 23, 420
Maldonado, Alonso (ca. 1535), Span-
ish statesman: made member of the
audiencia, 22, 107
Malesherbes, Christian William de
Lamoignon de (1721-1794), French
statesman: sketch of, 10, 26; placed
over the king's household, 9, 253;
resigns, 254; counsel for Louis
XVI, 9, 280, 10, 233; death of, 9,
289
Malietoa (ca. 1885), Samoan chief, ca-
reer of, 24, 977
Malines, League of, coalition formed
against France and Venice by pow-
ers of Europe (1513), formed, 9,
135
Malkhatoon (ca. 1290), Turkish
maiden, wooed by Othman, 14, 12
13
Mallery (ca. 1825), American states-
man: reports on woolens bill, 23,
472
Mallet, Paul Henri (1730-1807), Swiss
historian and antiquary: in Den-
mark, 16, 240
Mallet-Dupan, Jacques (1749-1800)
Swiss statesman: his mission to the
allied powers, 10, 177; his plot, IO,
485
Malli, a people of India: oppose Alex-
ander, 2, 502
Mallory, Stephen (1810-1873), Amer-
ican politician: Confederate Secre-
tary of War, 24, 694
Malmaison, Scheme of, new constitu-
tion restoring the sovereignty of the
Swiss cantons and Diet (1801), 13,
5i8
Malmesbury, James Harris, Earl of
(1746-1820), English diplomat: at
the court of Catharine, 15, 175; at-
tempts to negotiate a treaty with
France, 10, 396, 11, 546
Malmesbury, William of: see William
of Malmesbury
Malmo, Truce of, a treaty between
Germany and Denmark (1848), 16,
270
Malojaroslawetz (Maloyaroslavets),
Russia: battle of (1812), 9, 342, 15,
244
Malone, Anthony (ca. 1750), Irish
statesman: leader of the Popular
Party, 12, 173
Malouet, Victor (1740-1814), French
statesman: elected member of the
States-General, 10, 39; made min-
ister of the naval department, 9,
356
Maloyaroslavets: see Malojaroslawetz
Malplaquet, Flanders, France: battle
of (1709), 9, 223, IX, 459, 13, 250,
18, 314
Malta, island in the Mediterranean:
siege of (1565), 8, 355, M, 17; ca-
pitulation of (1800), 11, 551, 15, 207,
20, 141; history of, 20, 253; govern-
ment of, 254
Malta, Knights of: Sheremetiev admit-
ted to the, 15, 36; found colonies in
the West Indies, 20, 71; Paul of
Russia made grand master of, 15,
205
Malvern Hill, Virginia: battle of
(1862), 24, 761
Malwa, India: siege of (1572), 5, 113
Mamelon, Russia: taken (1855), 15,
321
Mamelukes, Egyptian soldiers: main
treatment, I, 36, 37, 14, 127, 128; re-
bellion of, 344, 365; Napoleon makes
war on, 14, 380; resist control of
Selim III of Turkey, 386; massacre
of, 1, 38, 14, 408
Mamertines, Italian tribe: rise of, in
Sicily, 3, 99
Man, Society of the Rights of, French
secret society: organized (1830), 9,
404
Man Eloquent, Old: see Adams, John
Quincy
Man in Red Stockings, The Little:
see Leopold I, Holy Roman emper-
or
Man of Chios, The: see Homer
Man of December, The: see Napoleon
III, Emperor of the French
Man of Destiny, The: see Napoleon
(I) Bonaparte; Emperor of the
French
GENERAL INDEX
439
Man of Sedan, The: see Napoleon III,
Emperor of the French
Man of Silence, The: see Napoleon
III, Emperor of the French
Man of the People, The: see Fox,
Charles James
Man Singh, Raja (ca. 1600), Indian
statesman, governor of Bengal,
1589-1604: serves Akbar the Great,
5, 112
Manassas, Battles of: see Bull Run,
Battles of
Manasseh (700-642 B. C), King of
Judah, 697-642 B. C: submits to
Assyria, 1, 398
Manasseh ben Israel (1604-1659), Jew-
ish scholar: wins permission for
Jews to return to England, 1, 421
Manchester, Edward Montagu, Earl
of: see Montagu, Edward, Earl of
Manchester
Manchester Martyrs, The (ca. 1867):
account of, 12, 235
Manchester Massacre, The (1819):
account of, II, 572
Manchuria, China: Russia's interests
in, 6, 286, 312, 313, 314; Japan's po-
sition in, 6, 315, 7, 275; Russia se-
cures concessions in, 15, 348; Rus-
sia's power in, 353; Russia agrees
. to evacuate, 357; campaigns in, 360;
present situation in, 6, 316
Manchus, The, Chinese tribe: rise of,
6, 42; retreat of, 48; enter Peking,
54; successes of, 56
Mancinus, Lucius Hostilius (ca. 150
B. C), Roman praetor: campaign in
Africa, 3, 164
Manco-Capac II (1500-1544), Inca of
Peru, 1533-1544: aids Spaniards, 21,
22; rebels against Pizarro, 24
Mandat, A. J. Gaillot de (1751-1792),
French soldier: plans to crush in-
surrection of August 10, 1792, 10,
190; murdered at the Hotel de Ville,
9, 275, 10, 192
Mandingoes, African tribe: sketch of,
19, 148
Manege, The, French political party:
so called, 10, 406; meetings of,
closed, 408
Manetho (3rd century B. C), Egyp-
tian priest: authority for early Egyp-
tian history, 1, 10
Manfred (13th century), King of Si-
cily and Naples, 1254-1265: regent,
18, 168; crowned king, 169; reign
of, 4, 206, 9, 84; death, 4, 215
Mangino, Fernando (ca. 1780), Mexi-
can financier: made superintendent
of finances, 22, 215
Mangu Khan (ca. 1245), Chinese
ruler: reign of, 6, 18, 19
Mangum, William Person (1792-
1861), American statesman: sup-
ported by South Carolina, 23, 510
Manhattan Island, New York State:
purchased from Indians, 23, 102;
colonial population of, 104
Manifestu of Instruction, issued by
Catherine the Great of Russia
(1766), 15, 181
Manila (Manilla), City of, Philippine
Islands: built (1564), 20, 51, 22, 120;
captured by the English (1762), 5,
181, 11, 505, 20, 120; made a free
port, 20, 133; captured by the
Americans (1898), 20, 316, 24, 1029
Manila (Manilla) Bay: battle of
(1898), 8, 520, 20, 315, 22, 458, 24,
1028
Manilius, Gaius (ca. 70 B. C), Roman
politician: proposes to invest Pom-
peius with the command in the
East, 3, 271; raises troops for Cati-
lina's conspiracy, 282
Manilius, Manius (ca. 149 B. C), Ro-
man general and statesman: at siege
of Carthage, 3, 164
Manitoba, Province of, Canada: cre-
ated, 20, 169
Mankind, The Darling of: see Ves-
pasian, Roman Emperor
Mankind, The Delight of: see Titus,
Roman Emperor
Manlius, Marcus (ca. 390 B. C), Ro-
man consul: bravery of, 3, 59
Mannadatter, Katherine (ca. 1570),
Swedish peasant girl, queen of Erik
XIV of Sweden: sketch of, 16, 163.
164
Mannheim, Germany: destroyed by
Tilly (1622), 18, 272; siege of (1795),
359
440
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Manning (ca. 1814), English scholar
and traveler: visits Lhasa, 6, 122
Manning, Daniel (ca. 1880), American
statesman: Secretary of the Treas-
ury, 24, 950 note
Manoa, South America: description of,
21, 27
Mans, France: battle of (1793), 10,
248 note
Mansell, Charles Grenville (1806-
1886), Anglo-Indian statesman: ad-
ministers the Punjab, 5, 222
Mansfeld, Ernst, Count of (1580-
1626), German soldier: aids Prot-
estants of Bohemia, 17, 203, 18,
268; aids Frederick V of the Palat-
inate, 13, 204, 18, 271
Mansfield, Joseph King Fenno (1803-
1862), American general: killed at
Antietam, 24, 765
Mansfield (Mansfeld), Peter Ernst,
Count of (1517-1604), German
statesman and soldier: withdraws
from confederation, 13, 93; made
governor of Brussels, 96; takes the
new oath of allegiance, 102; member
of governing council of the Nether-
lands, 120; appointed governor of
the Netherlands, 160
Mansfield, William Murray, Earl of
(1705-1793), English jurist: sketch
of, 11, 494; becomes Chief Justice,
497; his decision regarding slavery,
540; opposes repeal of Stamp Act,
23, 214; favors the "intolerable"
acts, 23, 220
Mansourah, Asia Minor: battle of
(1249), 9, 81
Manstein, Christoph Hermann von
(1711-1757), Russian general and
historical writer: quoted, 15, 103,
137
Mansurov, General (ca. 1773), Russian
officer: relieves Yaitsk, 15, 168
Mantanzas (Matanzas), Cuba: bom-
bardment of (1898), 24, 1028
Manteuffel, Edwin Hans Karl, Baron
of (1809-1885), German general: in
the Franco-Prussian War, 18, 426;
his policy as governor in Alsace-
Lorraine, 436
Manteuffel, Otto Theodor, Baron
(1805-1882), Prussian statesman: at
the conference at Olmiitz, 17, 382
Mantinea, Greece: feud with Tegea,
2, 18; allied to Sparta, 237; at war
with Sparta, 321; first battle of (418
B. C.) 3 2 5; walls of, cast down by
Sparta, 420; walls rebuilt, 439; joins
Sparta, 447; second battle of (362
B. C), 449
Mantua, Italy: condition of, at the
beginning of the Napoleonic period,
I7 2 79! conference at (1791), by
the powers opposed to the revolu-
tion, 10, 136; capitulation of (i797),
4, 344, 10, 382, 18, 361
Manu, Code of, laws of the Brahmans
in northern India: compiled, 5, 49
Manua Islands, South Pacific Ocean:
annexed to the United States, 24,
1034
Manuel (II) Palaeologus (d. 1425),
Byzantine Emperor, 1391-1425: ac-
count of, 14, 53, 54
Manuel the Fortunate (ca. 1500), King
of Portugal: marriages of, 8, 187;
made constable of the kingdom, 322;
reign of, 325
Manuel, Procureur (ca. 1792), French
official: suspended, 10, 184
Manuel, Nicholas (ca. 1500), Swedish
poet and painter: sketch of, 13,
431
Manuel Philibert: see Emmanuel Phil-
ibert
Manufactures:
AFRICA: of the Carthaginians, 3,
95; flourishing condition, 19, 90;
German factories established, 107
ARABIA: use of the camel's hair,
1, 193
AUSTRALIA: of wool, 20, 186
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: encourag-
ed by Rudolf IV, 17, 104; in 19th
century, 450
BABYLON: description of, 1, 105
CHINA: Hwangti teaches the peo-
ple, 6, 5
DENMARK: improved by Chris-
tian IV, 15, 201
ENGLAND: products sent to Flan-
ders, 11, 159; 18th century, 533,
534; of iron moved to north,
GENERAL INDEX
441
535; flourishing condition, n, 602;
supplies from Africa, 19, 33; after
War of the Roses, 20, 58; stimu-
lated by colonial trade, 71, 107
FRANCE: improved, by Colbert, 9,
208; prohibitions on, 10, 9; city of
Lyons, 268; encouraged by the as-
sembly, 424; under Napoleon III, 9,
453
GERMANY: under Frederick the
Great, 18, 344; under Bismarck, 443
GREECE: scarcity of, at present
time, 2, 547
INDIA: under trade-guilds, 3, 79;
English and French, 20, 61; at Ma-
dras, 62
IRELAND: repression, 12, 165
ITALY: scarcity of, 3, 159; in 15th
century, 23, 21
JAPAN: at the beginning of the
empire, 7, 8; art of weaving devel-
oped, 18; during the Nara Epoch,
34; under the Kamakura govern-
ment, 81; under the Edo govern-
ment, 135, 136, 144; present condi-
tion, 243
MEXICO: under Spanish, 20, 52;
present status, 22, 419, 420
NETHERLANDS: 16th century,
*5> 57> 58; increase of, 13, 74;
effect of persecution on, 166; in
flourishing condition (ca. 1814),
284; at Liege, Ghent, and Verviers,
294
ROME: in Gallic provinces, 3, 295
RUSSIA: 16th century, 15, 18; im-
proved under Anne, 113; encouraged
by Anna Leopoldovna, 128; encour-
aged by Catherine the Great, 182
SCOTLAND: improvement of, 12,
374
SOUTH AMERICA: established by
Jesuits, 20, 93; increase in Chili,
21, 229; Brazil under John VI, 165;
Paraguay, 21, 148, 151; Venezuela,
242
SPAIN: of Arabs, 1, 320; neglected,
8, 422
SWEDEN: encouraged by Charles
X, 16, 210
SWITZERLAND: in twelfth and
thirteenth centuries, 13, 355; fame
of, 428, 429; at Zurich, St. Gall, and
Appenzell, 451; increase of, 493;
preeminence of, 592
TURKEY: increased under Sulei-
man the Great, 14, 144
UNITED STATES: in the Caroli-
nas, 23, 75; in the colonies, 134;
in New England, 20, 101, 23, 134;
in southern colonies, 23, 136; col-
onies to cultivate home manufac-
tures, 224; Hamilton's plans for its
protection, 354; growth under ship-
ping embargo, 436; American com-
pared with British, 436; demands
for protection of, 471; resource of
the North, 24, 726; rise of trusts,
971
WEST INDIES: Cuba, 22, 489
Manuza (ca. 738 A. D.), Moorish
chief: rebellion of, 1, 335
Manwaring, Roger (early 16th cen-
tury), English clergyman: impeach-
ed, 11, 326
Manz, Felix (ca. 1525), Swiss Re-
former: account of, 13, 437
Manzikert, Asia Minor: battle of
(1070), 5, 330
Manzoni, Alexander (1 784-1 873), Ital-
ian author: sketch of, 4, 410
Map, Walter (1140-1210), Welsh au-
thor: sketch of, 11, 116
Mapa, South America: attacked by the
Brazilians (1885), 21, 263
Mar, Alexander Stuart (Stewart),
Earl of (early 15th century), Scotch
soldier: his campaign against Don-
ald, Lord of the Isles, 12, 289
Mar, James Stuart, Earl of: see James
Stuart, Earl of Mar, and Earl of
Murray
Mar, John Erskine, Earl of (d. 1572),
Regent of Scotland, 1571-1572:
made regent, 12, 322
Mar, John Erskine, Earl of (1675-
1732), Scotch officer: revolt of, 11,
470, 12, 361
Marakov, Vice Admiral (d. 1904),
Russian naval officer : his services
in the Russo-Japanese War, 7, 307
Marat, Jean Paul (1744-1793), French
revolutionist, called The People's
Friend, The Apostle of Massacre,
442
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
and The Republican Martyr: leader
of the commune, 9, 278, 10, 203; de-
nounced in the convention, 10, 220;
attacks Girondists, 9, 284, 10, 254;
assassination of, 9, 285, 10, 268; in-
fluence after his death, 10, 268
Maratha Ditch, India: erected, 5, 182
Maratha Wars, war between the Brit-
ish in India and the Marathas: first
(1799-1781), 5, 136, 193; second
(1802-1804), 136, 201; third (1817),
208
Marathas (Mahrattas), Hindu tribe:
rise of, 5, 121, 130
Marathon, Greece: battle of (490 B.
C.) i 166, 2, 166
Marathon of Switzerland, The: see
Morgarten: battle of (1315)
Marbach, League of, temporary union
of the reigning princes and cities of
Germany (1405): formed, 18, 199
Marbeut, Seigneur de: see Rouille,
Pierre
Marblehead, Massachusetts: becomes
the port of entry for Massachusetts
(1774), 23, 220
" Marblehead," United States vessel,
24, 1059
Marbod, chief of Marcomanni (1st
century B. C), German chief: ac-
count of, 18, 15; struggles with Her-
mann, 21
Marbois, Francois (174 5-1837), French
statesman and historian: quoted, 23,
396
Marburg, Germany: conference at, 18,
247
Marcel, fitienne (d. 1358), French citi-
zen leader, Provost of Paris mer-
chants, 1355-1358: leads the Third
Estate, 9, 96; power of, 100; death
of, 101
Marcellus, Marcus (43-23 B. C), Ro-
man noble: sketch of, 4, 40
Marcellus, Marcus Claudius (268-208
B. C). Roman general, called The
Sword of Rome: appointed to the
chief command of the army, 3, 123;
besieges Syracuse, 124; campaign in
Spain, 3, 161
Marcellus, Marcus Claudius (died 46
B. C), Roman general and states-
man, consul of Rome, 51 B. C.: elec-
tion of, 3, 328; proposes the two
Gallic provinces be given to the
consuls of 50 B. C, 330; authorizes
Pompeius to make war on Caesar,
332; goes into voluntary exile, 350
March, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of:
see Mortimer, Edmund, Earl of
March
March, George Dunbar, Earl of (1338-
1420), Scotch statesman and sol-
dier: sketch of, 12, 288; deprived of
his estate, 292
March, River, Austria: battle of the
(1278), 18, 181
March of the Blanketeers, name given
to expedition of Manchester work-
men (1816): account of, 11, 571
Marchand, Jean Baptiste (1863 ),
French officer and explorer: his ex-
pedition to Fashoda, 20, 282
Marche, Count de la (early 13th cen-
tury), French chief: revolts against
Louis IX, 9, 80
Marche, Count de la (late 14th cen-
tury), French chief: joins conspir-
acy against Pedro the Cruel, 8,
166
Marche-en-Famenne, Treaty of, agree-
ment between the Netherlands and
Spain (1577), 13, 126
Marchegg, Austria: battle of (1278),
17, 76
Marchin, Ferdinand, Count of (1656-
1706), French general: campaigns in
the War of the Spanish Succession,
9, 221; death of, 222
Marcia (2nd century A. D.), Roman
courtesan: assassinates Commodus,
4, 99
Marcian Law, a Roman law: regulates
the censorship, 3, 52
Marcianus (5th century A. D.), Roman
partisan: made prefect of the city,
4, 141
Marcius Quintus (2nd century B. C.)
Roman consul, 168 B. C. : deludes
the Rhodians, 3, 150
Marck, Count Guillaume de la (1446-
1485), Flemish chief: atrocities of,
8, 360
Marco Polo: see Polo, Marco
GENERAL INDEX
443
Marcomanni, German people: location
of, 18, 6; attack Celts, 17, 11; settle
Deserta Boiorum, 12; prepare for
war with Rome (11-7 B. C), 17, 13,
18, 15; lead revolt against Rome,
(166 A. D.), 18, 26
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (121-180
A. D.), Roman Emperor, 161-180
A. D.: character and opinions, 2,
523, 525; adopted by Antoninus Pius,
4, 94; reign, 96; condition of Spain
under, 8, 26; at war with the barba-
rians, 17, 14, 18, 26; death, 4, 97
Marcy, William Learned (1786-1857),
American statesman: Secretary of
State, 24, 624; instructs ministers
abroad as to dress, 24, 639; de-
mands release of Koszta, 24, 641
Mardia, European Turkey: battle of,
4, 119
Mardonius (5th century B. C), Per-
sian commander: sent against
Greeks, 1, 166; governor of Ionia,
3 > 139; persuades Xerxes to retire
home, 205; occupies Athens, 207;
fights battle of Plataea, 209; killed,
211
Marduk-balatsu-ikbi (ca. 9th century
B. C), King of Babylonia: defeated
by Assyrians, I, 81
Marduk-nadin-shum, King of Babylo-
nia (9th century B. C): reign of,
1, 80
Marengo, Italy: battle of (1800), 4,
345, 9, 317, 10, 439, 17, 285, 18, 364
Maret, Hugues Bernard: see Bassano,
Hugues Bernard
Marfil, Mexico: battle of (1810), 22,
238
Margall, Pi y (late 19th century),
Spanish politician: dictator of Spain,
8, 513
Margaret (d. 1093), Queen of Scot-
land, sister of Eadgar the ^Ethling:
marries Malcolm Canmore of Scot-
land, 12, 258; her influence over
Malcolm, 11, 86; death of, 86
Margaret (1240-1275), Queen of Scot-
land, daughter of Henry III of Eng-
land: marries Alexander III of
Scotland, 12, 268
Margaret, the Maid of Norway (1283-
1290), Queen of Scotland, 1286-
1290: reign of, 12, 271; betrothed to
Prince of Wales, II, 146; death,
11, 147; sketch of, 16, 100
Margaret (early 13th century), daugh-
ter of Saint Erik of Sweden: accu-
sations against, 16, 98
Margaret (15th century), daughter of
Christian of Norway: marries James
III of Scotland, 12, 296
Margaret of Anjou, Queen of Henry
VI of England and daughter of
Rene, Count of Provence: born at
Pont-a-Mousson, Lorraine, March
23, 1429; married, April 22, 1445 J
became unpopular in England, on
account of the cession of the prov-
inces of Maine and Anjou, then in
the hands of the English, to her
father; soon became the real ruler
of England, owing to the periods
of imbecility to which the king was
subject; the opposition of the
Duke of York, who claimed the
throne by an elder line of descent,
caused the War of the Roses, open-
ing with the battle of St. Albans,
1455, and continuing for several
reigns; Margaret was forced to flee
to Scotland but soon rallied her
party; invaded England, and killed
the Duke of York at Wakefield,
1460; released her captive husband
by the second battle of St. Albans,
February 17, 1461; was defeated at
the battle of Towton, March 29,
1461, and forced to escape to Scot-
land and France; made another un-
successful invasion, 1462; succeeded
by the aid of Warwick in reinstat-
ing Henry upon the throne, 1470;
but Warwick was killed at Barnet,
April 14, 1471, and she was defeated
and captured at Tewkesbury, May
4, 1471, her only son, Prince Ed-
ward, being killed and the king put
to death soon after; Margaret was
imprisoned in the Tower or at
Windsor until 1475 when she was
ransomed by Louis XI of France;
444
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
lived in seclusion thenceforth at Re-
culee, near Angers, and died at
Dampierre, August 25, 1481
Marries Henry VI of England,
ix, 206; takes up arms against
Yorkists, 212; escapes to Scotland,
213; defeated by Montague, 215
Margaret of Austria (1480-1530), Re-
gent of Netherlands, 1506-1530: ca-
reer of, 13, 53; sent to Paris, 18,
218; returns to Austria, 220; nego-
tiates the Ladies' Peace, 9, 141
Margaret of Burgundy (1446-1503),
sister of Edward IV of England:
supports claims of Perkin Warbeck,
11, 227; death of, 9, 89
Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Den-
mark, Norway, and Sweden, daugh-
ter of Waldemar III, King of Den-
mark: born at Copenhagen, 1353;
was married to Haquin, King of Nor-
way, 1363; appointed regent of Den-
mark during the minority of her
son, 1375, and became Queen of
Norway upon the death of her hus-
band, 1380; when her son died, 1387,
she became Queen of Denmark; car-
ried on war against Albert, King of
Sweden and captured him, 1388;
gave him his liberty in return for
his renunciation of the crown; the
" Calmar Union " was formed, 1397,
by which Sweden, Denmark, and
Norway were united under one sov-
ereign, and Eric VII, the nephew
of Margaret, was pronounced her
heir; died, October 28, 1412
Marriage of, 16, 100, 117; reign
of, 119; death of, 125
Margaret of France (12th century),
wife of Bela III of Hungary: mar-
ries Bela III, 17, 54
Margaret of Pomerania (14th cen-
tury), Queen of Denmark: becomes
regent, 16, 96
Margaret of Provence (i553-i6i5),wife
of Louis IX of France: marriage
of, 9, 80; holds Damietta, 81
Margaret of Tyrol: see Margaret
Maultasche
Margaret of Valois (1553-1615), Queen
of Henry IV of France: marriage
of, 9, 157; visits the Netherlands,
13, 127; divorced from Henry, 9,
171
Margaret Maultasche (14th century),
Queen of Bohemia: at war with the
Emperor, 17, 101; marries Henr. ,
son of Lewis of Bavaria, 18, 190;
character of, 17, 104
Margaret Tudor (1489-1541), Queen of
James IV of Scotland: marriage of,
11, 229, 12, 299
Margaret: see also Margareta, Mar-
grete, and Marguerite
Margarita, one of the West Indies:
discovered, 21, 12
Margarita (early 15th century),
Queen of Martin of Aragon: mar-
riage of, 8, 260
Margarita of Parma (late 16th cen-
tury), daughter of Charles VI:
mentioned, 8, 353; made regent of
the Low Countries, 8, 357, 13, 72;
joins plot against Granville, 13, 78;
death of, 106
Margarita: see also Margaret
Margarite, Pedro (late 15th century),
Spanish naval adventurer: leads
plot against Columbus, 21, 10
Margary (19th century), English dip-
lomat: murder of, 6, 239
Margrete: see also Margaret
Margrete of Bohemia: see Dagmar,
Queen of Denmark
Margrete of Sweden (early 12th cen-
tury), Queen of Norway: marriage
of, 16, 97
Marguerite of Lorraine (17th cen-
tury), French princess: marries
Gaston of Orleans, 9, 188
Marguerite: see Margaret
Maria I (1734-1816), Queen of Portu-
gal: reign of, 8, 474
Maria (II) da Gloria (1819-1853),
Queen of Portugal, 1834-1853: reign
of, 8, 535; recognized as queen, 8,
536, 21, 167; excluded from the suc-
cession in Brazil, 169
Maria (1847 ), Queen dowager of
Portugal: marries Luis I, 8, 538
Maria (late 14th century), Queen of
Sicily: marries Martin of Aragon,
4, 263
GENERAL INDEX
445
Maria de Padilla, Dona (14th cen-
tury), mistress of Pedro the Cruel:
her relations with Pedro the Cruel,
8, 161; death of, 165
Maria of Burgundy: see Mary of
Burgundy
Maria of the Palatinate (late 16th cen-
tury), Queen of Sweden: marriage
of, 16, 174
Maria Alekseievna (early 18th cen-
tury), sister of Peter the Great:
plots with Alexis, 15, 76
Maria Amalia of Leuchtenberg, wife
of Pedro I of Brazil: marriage of
(1829), 21, 168
Maria Caroline of Austria (18th cen-
tury), daughter of Francis I and
Maria Theresa: marries Ferdinand
of the Two Sicilies, 17, 245
Maria Christina (1858 ), Queen
regent of Spain, 1885-1902: regency
of, 8, 517
Maria Christina (17th century), moth-
er of Charles Emmanuel II: re-
gency of, 4, 322
Maria Christina of Austria (18th cen-
tury), daughter of Francis I and
Maria Theresa: marries Albert of
Saxony, 17, 245
Maria Christina of Naples (1806-
1878), Queen-regent of Spain, 1833-
1840: marries Ferdinand VII of
Spain, 8, 496; regency of, 497
Maria Eleanora of Brandenburg
( I 599 _I 655), Queen of Sweden: wife
of Gustavus Adolphus: character of,
16, 204
Maria Feodorovna (d. 1828), Empress
of Russia: marries Paul, 15, 172;
claims the throne, 209
Maria Leczinski (1 703-1 768), a Polish
princess: marries Louis XV of
France, 9, 234
Maria Louisa (1791-1847), Empress of
the French: marries Napoleon, 9,
338, 10, 481, 17, 302, 18, 377, 378
Maria Louisa (1751-1819), Queen of
Spain: her relations with Godoy, 8,
481
Maria Teresa (1638-1683), Queen con-
sort of Louis XIV of France: mar-
riage of, 8, 379
Maria Teresa Magdalena Barbara (d.
I 758), Queen of Spain: character of,
8, 413; death of, 22, 199
Maria Theresa, Archduchess of Aus-
tria, Queen of Hungary and Bohe-
mia, called The Mother of her
Country: born in Vienna, May 13,
1717; was, 1723, declared sole heir
of the house of Hapsburg by the
Pragmatic Sanction of 1713; mar-
ried Francis Stephen, Grand Duke
of Tuscany, 1736; on the death of
Charles VI, 1740, ascended the
throne and appointed her husband
co-regent but in spite of the Prag-
matic Sanction claims to various
parts of her domain were immedi-
ately raised and the War of the
Austrian Succession followed; by
the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748,
she lost Parma and Piacenza to
Spain and Silesia to Prussia while
her husband was recognized as Em-
peror of Germany; was engaged in
the Seven Years' War (1756-1763)
against Prussia: on the death of
Francis, 1765, associated her son Jo-
seph with her as co-regent; partici-
pated in the partition of Poland,
1772; compelled Turkey to cede Bu-
kowina, 1777; was responsible for
many internal reforms; died at Vi-
enna, November 29, 1780
Birth of, 18, 319; marries Francis
of Lorraine, 324; her succession se-
cured, 17, 191; accession of, 13, 254,
15, 129, 23, 163; reign of, 17, 239,
18, 325, 347; seeks an alliance with
Russia, 15, 135; her intrigues at the
Russian court, 141, 174; attempts
to acquire African possessions, 19,
40
Maria Theresa (d. 1855), Queen of
Sardinia, mother of Victor Emman-
uel II: death of, 4, 370
Maria Theresa (late 18th century),
wife of Albert of Saxe-Teschen:
recalled from Belgium, 13, 260
"Maria Theresa," a Spanish vessel:
in battle of Santiago, 24, 1030
Mariana (Marina) (16th century), an
Aztec Indian girl, companion of.
446
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Cortez: sketch of, 22, 14; warns
Cortez of the plot of Montezuma,
20; present at the surrender of Mex-
ico, 61; later years of, 69* 432
Marianne Islands, Pacific Ocean:
purchased by Germany, 20, 302
Mariano (early 19th century), a Mex-
ican Indian insurgent: excites re-
bellion, 22, 227
Marie, Alexandre Thomas (1797-
1870), a French advocate and re-
publican: member of the provisional
government, 9, 435
Marie Amelia (18th century), daugh-
ter of Francis I and Maria Theresa:
marries Ferdinand of Parma, 17,
245
Marie Amelie (19th century), wife of
Carlos I of Portugal: marriage of
(1886), 8, 539
Marie Antoinette (Maria Antonia),
Queen of France, the daughter of
Maria Theresa and the Emperor
Francis I of Germany, called Ma-
dame Veto: born at Vienna, No-
vember 2, 175S; was married to the
Dauphin of France, afterwards
Louis XVI, 1770; opposed all the
revolutionary reforms; during the
captivity of the royal family, she
displayed great fortitude; when the
Girondists fell from power, she was
condemned to death and executed,
October 16, 1793
Marriage of, 17, 245; secures re-
call of the Duke of Orleans, 10,
34; death of, 9, 287, 10, 279, 17, 281,
18, 356
Marie de' Medici (1573-1642), Queen-
consort of Henry IV of France:
marriage of, 9, 172; claims the re
gency of France for Louis XIII,
177; exiled from court, 180
Marie Louise (early 19th century),
Empress of Austria, wife of Francis
II: crowned Queen of Hungary, 17,
334
Marie Louise of France (1 662-1 689),
Queen of Spain: marries Carlos II
of Spain, 8, 383
Marienburg, Germany: capital of the
German Order, 18, 195; surrender
of (1702), 15, 42
Marietta, Georgia: Johnson entrenched
on Kenesaw Mountain at, 24, 794
Marietta, Ohio: founded, 23, 319, 364
Mari-Galante, one of the Antilles: dis-
covered, 21, 9
Marignano, Italy: battles of (1515),
4, 294, 9, 136, 13, 422; (1859), 4,
373
Marignolli, John de (14th century),
Franciscan friar: visits India, 5,
142
Marillac, Marshal Louis de (1573-
1632), French soldier: death of, 9,
188
Marino (early 19th century), South
American revolutionist: supports re-
bellion of Paez, 21, 81
Marion, Francis, an American general
of the Revolution: born in South
Carolina, 1732; entered the army
soon after the war had begun;
helped to defend Sullivan's Island
against the British, 1776; led a bri-
gade in guerrilla warfare for more
than three years and won many vic-
tories; escaped capture in spite of
all efforts by the British generals to
seize him; died on his plantation
near Eutaw, S. C, February 29,
1795
Sketch of, 23, 273
Mariquita, South America: rebels
against Spanish authority, 21, 57
Maris, tribe of India: description of,
5, 28
Maritza, river of southeastern Eu-
rope (1363): battle of, 14, 30
Marius, Gaius, a Roman general: born
near Arpinum, 157 B. C: served
under Scipio Africanus; was chosen
tribune of the people, 119; became
prsetor, 115; was chosen consul for,
107, and put in command of the
Jugurthine war; again elected con-
sul, 104; repulsed the barbarians at
Aix in Gaul, 102; defeated the Cim-
bri; became consul, 100; served un-
der the consuls in the Social War,
but resigned through jealousy of
GENERAL INDEX
447
Sulla; gained the command of the
Mithridatic war, but was forced by
Sulla to take refuge in Italy; en-
tered Rome during an absence of
Sulla and caused the opposite party
to be massacred; became consul, 86
B. C; but died of fever the same
year
Early career, 3, 196; accompanies
Metellus to Africa, 189; assumes
command in Africa, 190; nominated
as consul, 194; campaign against the
Cimbri and Teutons, 13, 329, 18, 4;
at battle of Vercellae, 3, 195; re-
forms of, 200; retires to the east,
201; rupture with Saturninus and
Glaucia, 201; given supreme com-
mand against Mithridates, 210; es-
capes from the wrath of Sulla to
Tunis, 211 ; joins conspiracy of
Cinna, 222; proscriptions of, 223;
death, 224; his tomb opened and his
ashes scattered, 232; his memory
restored to public honor, 279
Marius, Gaius (109-82 B. C.) Roman
general, nephew and adopted son of
the preceding: consul, 3, 226; at
battle of Sacriportus, 227
Marjorianus, Julius Valerius (5th cen-
tury A. D.), Roman Emperor of
' the West, 457-475 A. D.: reign of,
4, 149
Mark, Saint (1st century A. D.), one
of the twelve apostles: his work in
Aquileia, 17, 14
Mark, The City of St.: see Venice
Markham, Sir Arthur Hastings (1841-
), English naval officer: explora-
tions of, 16, 313
Markham, William (17th century),
English colonist: first governor of
Pennsylvania, 23, ill
Marlborough, New Zealand: formed,
20, 213
Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke
of, an English general, called The
Handsome Englishman: born at
Ashe, in Devonshire, England, June
24, 1650; served in the army in
Flanders, 1672-1677; returned to
England and married Sarah Jen-
nings; created Baron Churchill of
Sandridge by James II, 1682; be-
came major-general after helping to
win the battle at Sedgemoor; went
over to the side of William of
Orange, and upon his accession was
entitled Earl of Marlborough; com-
manded the English forces against
the French, 1689, but on account of
treasonable conduct, was impris-
oned in the Tower; restored to his
rank, 1696; was given command of
the army in Holland, 1701; upon
the accession of Anne became com-
mander-in-chief; created Duke of
Marlborough, 1702; with Prince Eu-
gene, won the battles of Blenheim,
Ramillies, and Oudenarde; when the
Duchess of Marlborough lost the
favor of Anne, he was dismissed
from office, 171 1; restored to his po-
sition by George I, 1714; died, June
16, 1722
Campaign in Ireland, 12, 149; cam-
paigns in Flanders, 9, 220, II, 429,
451, 13, 249, 18, 312; influence on
Queen Anne, II, 453; relations with
Charles XII of Sweden, 16, 218; de-
prived of office, 11, 439
Marlowe, Christopher (1 564-1 593),
English dramatist: his "Faust"
quoted, 23, 36
Marmian (13th century B. C), King
of Libya: invades Egypt, I, 27
Marmol, Jose (1818-1871), South
American author: mentioned, 21,
118
Marmont, Auguste Frederic Louis
Viesse de, Duke of Ragusa: his
campaign in the Peninsula, 9, 339;
accepts a command against Napo-
leon, 10, 501; placed in command
of Paris, 9, 390
Marnix, John de, Lord of Toulouse
(16th century), Dutch soldier: fate
of, 13, 101
Marnix, Philip de, Lord of St. Alde-
goude (1538-1598), Dutch author and
statesman: leads rebellion in the
Low Countries, 8, 358; signs the
confederation, 13, 86
448
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Maroboduus (ist century A. D.),
Prince of the Marcomanni: career
of, 17, 13
Maronites, Syrian people: insult the
caliph, 1, 329
Marozia (10th century A. D.), Italian
lady: her influence over the Papacy,
4, 182
Marprelate Tracts, a series of attacks
on the bishops by the Brownists
beginning 1588: circulated, II, 301
Marquesas Islands, Polynesia, south
Pacific Ocean: annexed by France
(1842), 20, 276
Marquette, Jacques, French mission-
ary and explorer: born at Laon,
France, 1637; went as a Jesuit mis-
sionary to Canada, 1666; founded
Sault Ste. Marie, 1668; went in 1669
from La Pointe du Saint Esprit to
Mackinaw, where he built a chapel,
1671; accompanied Joliet in expedi-
tion down the Wisconsin and Mis-
sissippi Rivers, 1673, and returned
via the Illinois River and Green
Bay, Wisconsin; opened a mission
at Kaskaskia, 1675; died on a jour-
ney to Mackinaw, May 18, 1675, near
the mouth of Marquette River
Sent to explore America, 23, 51
Marquez, General (late 19th century),
Venezuelan officer and statesman:
elected vice-president of Venezuela,
21, 102
Marquez, Leonardo (1820-1859), Mex-
ican general: in the Reform War,
22, 383
Marquina, Felix Berenguer de (late
18th century), Spanish statesman:
his administration as viceroy of New
Spain, 22, 227
Marriage Laws and Customs:
AFRICA: French policy in Algeria,
19, 263
ARABIA: among Mohammedans, r,
239, 240
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: among
Slavs, 17, 27; in Croatia, 38; under
Joseph II, 267; civil marriage law
passed (1855), 402; marriages be-
tween Jews and Christians, 430, 431;
difficulties with Vatican concerning
civil marriage law, 450
BABYLON: status of a married
woman, 1, 112
CHINA: established by Fuhsi, 6,
5; of the Miaotzu, 95; intermarriage
with Turks, 210; imperial ceremony,
229, 256
EGYPT: permitted between brother
and sister, 1, 59
ENGLAND: in the 15th century,
11, 215
FRANCE: divorce abolished, 9, 368
GAUL: time of Roman conquest, 3,
297, 9, 5
GERMANY: among ancient tribes,
!8, 8, 57; polygamy introduced in
Munster, 250; reforms of Frederick
the Great, 328
GREECE: in Homeric age, 2, 36;
in Sparta, 66; in Macedonia, 2, 481,
3, 150
ICELAND: according to the Sagas,
16, 299
INDIA: Aryans, 5, 39, 75; non- Ar-
yans, 27, 30, 32, 75; of Hinduism,
85; suppression of widow-burning,
213; reform of, 272
ISRAEL: marriage with aliens
forbidden, 1, 403
JAPAN: among the ancients, 7, 8;
under the Hei-an Epoch, 45; under
the Edo government, 130
MEXICO: among the Aztecs, 22,
88, 23, 7
PERSIA: in the early empire, 1,
180; marriage compulsory, 5, 320
ROME: among the clans, 3, 11;
concessions to foreigners, 17; im-
possible between patricians and ple-
beians, 35; legalized between patri-
cian and plebeian, 47; frequency of
divorce in the 2nd century B. C,
248; during time of Caesar, 385; un-
der Domitian, 4, 84
SOUTH AMERICA: intermarriage
of Spanish settlers and natives, 21,
46
SPAIN: under the Romans, 8, 32;
among Goths, 55, 57, 59; decree of
1567, 366
GENERAL INDEX
449
SWEDEN: marriage of the heir to
the throne, 16, 225
SWITZERLAND: mixed mar-
riages, 13, 557
UNITED STATES:' among Indi-
ans, 23, 12; Mormonism, 24, 982
WEST INDIES: under Cuban Re-
public, 22, 472
Marriages, The Spanish, the marriage
of Isabella of Spain and her sister
(1846), 9, 425
Marroquin, Jose Manuel (19th cen-
tury), South American statesman:
his administration as president of
Colombia, 21, 245
Mars, The Sword of: see Attila
Marsaglia, Italy: battle of (1693), 4
326
Marsden, Samuel (1 764-1838), English
clergyman: his work in New Zea
land, 20, 210
" Marseillaise," French patriotic
hymn: composed, 10, 167 note
Marseilles, France: founded, 9, 4;
siege of (1524), 9, 139; see also
Massilia
Marshal, Richard (13th century), Irish
chief: sketch of, 12, 57
Marshal, William (13th century), Irish
chief: his feud with Hugh de Lacy,
' 12, 257
Marshall, James Wilson (19th cen
tury), American explorer: discov-
ers gold in California (1848), 24,
595
Marshall, John, an American jurist
and statesman, the expounder of the
constitution: born at Germaritown,
Va., September 24, 1755; educated
under his father's direction; en-
listed in the army, 1775, and took
part in the principal battles; re-
signed his commission, 1781, and
practised law; was elected a mem-
ber of the House of Delegates,
1782; in the Convention of Virginia
he pleaded for the adoption of the
Federal Constitution, 1788; was en-
voy to France, 1798; was elected to
Congress, 1799; was appointed Sec
retary of State by President Adams
1800; and Chief Justice of the Su-
preme Court, 1801, which office he
held with distinction for thirty-four
years; died in Philadelphia, July 6,
1835
Ornament to the legal profession,
23, 138; graduates from College of
William and Mary, 142; member of
Virginia ratifying convention, 337;
sent to Paris by Washington, 373;
announces Washington's death to
Congress, 380; chief justice, 389;
acquits Aaron Burr, 404; dominates
over Supreme Court, 434; death, 24,
658
Marshall, John Hubert (1876 ),
English archaeologist: appointed di-
rector-general of the Archaeological
Survey of India, 5, 280
Marshall Islands, Pacific Ocean: an-
nexed to Germany, 20, 302
Marshman (Ditmarshers), tribe of
Denmark: origin of, 16, 138
Mars-la-Tour, France: battle of
(1870), 18, 421
Marston Moor, Yorkshire, England:
battle of (1644), 11, 348, 12, 339
Marta, Queen of Birger of Sweden
(1290-1319): plots to destroy the
princes, 16, 106
Martens, Frederick (17th century),
Dutch explorer: aids geographic sci-
ence, 16, 305
Martignac, Jean Baptiste Sylvere Gaye,
Viscount (1776-1832), French states-
man: ministry of, 9, 387
Martin IV (Simon de Brion) (1210-
1285), Pope, 1281-1285: excommuni-
cates Pedro III of Aragon, 8, 245;
supports Charles of Anjou, 9, 85
Martin V (Otto Colonna) (d. 1431),
Pope, 1417-1431: elected by the
Council of Constance, 18, 204; at-
tempts to reestablish the authority
of the church in Bohemia, 17, 127;
refuses to sanction the divorce of
Jacqueline of Holland, 13, 40; grants
discovered lands to Portugal, 8, 304,
19, 17
Martin (d. 1410), King of Aragon:
reign of, 8, 258
450
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Martin, Saint (ca. 316-397), a saint of
the Roman Catholic church his
work in Gaul, 13, 338
Martin, Francois (d. 1706), a French
governor in India: his campaigns
in India, 5, 170
Martin, Luther (1 744-1826), an Amer-
ican lawyer and statesman: refuses
to sign the Constitution, 23, 334;
opposes the ratification of the Con-
stitution by Maryland, 336; absent
from first Congress, 343
Martinez (late 19th century), Vene-
zuelan general: refuses to acknowl-
edge Falcon as president of Vene-
zuela, 21, 98
Martinez, Juan (16th century), Span-
ish soldier: his story of Manoa, 21,
28
Martini, Count Ponza di (19th cen-
tury), Italian noble: ambassador to
the Pope from Victor Emmanuel, 4,
394
Martinique, one of the West Indies:
French policy concerning, 20, 100;
taken by the British (1762), 118;
(1810), 143; restored to France by
Treaty of Paris, 23, 198
Martinitz, Jaroslav of, Burggrave of
Karlstein (17th century), Austrian
statesman: accused of inciting the
Emperor Mathias against the Prot-
estants, 17, 201
Martins, Domingo Jose (early 19th
century), Brazilian revolutionist: in
the rebellion of Pernambuco, 21,
164
Martinuzzi, Friar (late 16th century),
Polish revolutionist: attempts to
turn Hungary against Austria, 17,
217; influence of, 218
Martius, Lucius (3rd century B. C),
Roman general: his campaign
against Carthaginians, 8, 17
Martyr, The Republican: see Marat,
Jean Paul
Martyr City, The: see Moscow
Martyr King, The: see Henry VI,
King of England; also Charles I,
King of England; also Louis XVI,
King of France
Marubashi Chuya (17th century),
Chinese officer: attempts to revolt,
7, 140
Marx, Karl (1818-1883), German so-
cialist: influence of, 18, 438
Mary I (Mary Tudor) (1516-1558),
Queen of England, 1553-1558: be-
trothed to Dauphin, 11, 242; mar-
ries Philip II of Spain, 8, 351, 13,
59, 67; reign of, 11, 269; condition
of Ireland under, 12, 85; her rela-
tions with the English church, 311;
death of, 8, 356
Mary II (1662-1694), Queen of Eng-
land, 1689-1694: marries William of
Orange, 11, 404, 13, 241; accession
of, 11, 431, 12, 132, 351, 13, 244;
reign of, 11, 435; death of, 442
Mary (King Mary) (late 14th cen-
tury), Queen of Hungary: marries
Sigismund of Luxemburg, 17, 153;
accession of, 154
Mary Queen of Scots, called The
White Queen: born in Linlithgow
Palace, December 7, 1542; crowned
queen at Stirling Castle, 1543; mar-
ried to the Dauphin, afterwards
Francis II of France, 1558, who
died, 1560; landed at Leith, 1561;
married Lord Darnley, 1565, who
brought about the murder of her
favorite, Rizzio, and thus became
estranged from her; she connived
at the murder of Darnley, 1567, and
married the murderer, Bothwell,
1567; was imprisoned by the lords
in Lochleven Castle and forced to
abdicate, 1567; escaped and was de-
feated at the battle of Langside,
1568; fled to England, where Eliza-
beth imprisoned her; she was tried
on the charge of conspiracy against
Elizabeth, and was beheaded, Feb-
ruary 8, 1587
Claims throne of England, 11,
278; returns to Scotland, 279; reign
of, 12, 305; abdication of, 318;
prisoner in England, II, 283, 12,
319; death of, 9, 162, 11, 294, 12,
326
Mary (1505-1558), daughter of Philip
the Handsome: affianced to Louis
II of Hungary, 17, 167, 175; marries
GENERAL INDEX
451
Louis II of Hungary, 176; regent of
the Netherlands, 13, 57
Mary of Burgundy (1457-1482), daugh-
ter of Charles the Bold: sketch of,
9, 125, 18, 216, 218; betrothed to
Maximilian, 13, 46; accession of,
48; marries Maximilian, 49, 409
Mary of France (ca. 1496-1533),
daughter of Henry VII of Eng-
land: marries Louis XII of France,
9, 135, 11, 237; marries Charles
Brandon, 237
Mary of Lorraine or of Guise (1515-
1560), mother of Mary Queen of
Scots, regent of Scotland: made
guardian for Mary Queen of Scots,
12, 305; regent of Scotland, 11, 278,
12, 307
Mary of Modena (1658-1718), Queen
of James II of England, called The
Queen of Tears: marriage of, II,
400
Mary: see also Maria and Marie
Marye's Heights, Virginia: occupied
by Lee at Fredericksburg, 24, 769
Maryland, a state of the United
States: founded, 23, 68; first repre-
sentative assembly introduced
(1647), 120; Catholics denied fran-
chise, 148; Church of England es-
' tablished, 149; ratifies Articles of
Confederation, 302; insists on the
ceding of Northwest Territory, 317;
commissioners appointed to decide
Potomac commercial policy, 321;
Annapolis convention, 322; choses
delegates for Constitutional Con-
vention, 323; ratifies the Constitu-
tion, 336; opposes financial plans of
Hamilton, 350; rank as to popula-
tion, 479; abolition societies formed,
24, 571; state elections of 1855, 646;
Presidential election of 1856, 656;
Sixth Massachusetts attacked by
mob in Baltimore, 715; excitement
over transportation of troops
through, 716; Confederates attempt
to win adhesion of, 721; trouble over
suspension of writ of habeas corpus,
739; Lee's army enters, 764; alarm
over Lee's invasion of Pennsylva-
nia, 779; Sheridan saves from inva-
sion, 792; Presidential election of
1896, 1018; Presidential election of
1900, 1040; Presidential election of
1904, 1072; condition of the Jews, 1,
425
Masada, Palestine, Asia Minor: siege
of, 1, 412
Masakado, Tairo-no : see Taira-no Ma-
sakado
Masampo, port of Korea: Russia at-
tempts to obtain lease of, 6, 311
Masaniello (Thomas Aniello of Am-
alfi) ( 1 622-1647), Italian insurrec-
tionist, called The Seven Days'
King: leads insurrection in Naples,
4, 324
Mascarenhas, Pedro (early 16th cen-
tury), Portuguese navigator: vice-
roy of the Indies, 8, 434
Maserfield, England: battle of (642 A.
D.), 11, 35
Masham, Thomas (16th century),
English explorer: his expedition to
South America, 21, 31
Mashashare (12th century B. C), Li-
byan chief: defeated by the Egyp-
tians, 1, 28
Mashonaland, Africa: description of,
19, 227; uprising in (1896), 243
Masistus (5th century B. C), com-
mander of the Persian cavalry:
death, 2, 209
Mason, George (1725-1792), American
statesman: draws up bill of rights
for Constitution of Virginia, 23, 239,
24, 564; refuses to sign the Consti-
tution, 23, 334; member of Virginia
ratification committee, 336; quoted
on slavery in Virginia, 24, 564
Mason, James Murray (1798-1871),
American statesman: appointed
Confederate representative at Lon-
don, 24, 728
Mason, John (1586-1635), the founder
of New Hampshire: d eieat s Pe-
quots, 23, 93; receives grant with
Gorges, 95; claims of heirs, 95
Mason, John Young (1799-1859),
American statesman: reads Cal-
houn's last speech, 24, 603; quoted
on value of escaped slaves, 618; min-
ister to France, 625; Ostend Mani-
452
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
festo, 628; chairman of Senate Com-
mittee to investigate John Brown's
raid, 675
Mason, Richard B. (d. 1850), Amer-
ican soldier and statesman: in the
Mexican War, 22, 348
Mason and Dixon's Line, boundary
line between Pennsylvania and
Maryland: ends boundary dispute, 23,
no
Mason and Slidell Incident, a diplo-
matic dispute between England and
the Unites States: account of, 11,
622, 24, 728
Masonic Order: and the William Mor-
gan charge, 23, 498
Massachusetts, a state of the United
States: means "Blue Hills" and is
called Old Bay State: settled by
the Northmen, 21, 3; Indians be-
long to Algonquian stock, 23, 8
Gosnold explores the coast, 54
first settlement at Plymouth, 84
second settlement at Massachusetts
Bay, 86; under council for New
England, 87; Charles I charters, 87;
charter transferred to New Eng-
land, 87; "Salem Witchcraft," 91;
aids Connecticut settlement, 91; ab-
sorbs New Hampshire, 95; absorbs
Maine, 96; New England Confed-
eration, 96; status of, in New Eng-
land Confederation, 97; boundary
enlarged, 101; end of confusion of
civil and religious rights in, 101;
charter changed (1691), 115; powers
of the General Court, 118; first
representative assembly introduced
(1634), 120; Franklin acts as agent
to England, 122; early anti-slavery
agitation, 130; Scotch-Irish manu-
facture linens, 134; fishery industry,
134; evades Sugar Act, 135; rum
trade (1750), 135; Harvard College
and public schools established, 140;
religious intoleration in, 147; Con-
gregational Church supported by
taxation, 148; suffrage laws, as a
colony, 148; establishes a postal
system, 152; dress regulated by law,
154; blasphemy made a capital of-
fense, 156; in Colonial Congress,
158; equips Louisburg expedition,
164; passes resolutions setting forth
rights of the colonists, 216; Boston
Massacre, 217; Boston Tea Party,
219; English Parliament passes the
five " intolerable " acts, 220; ap-
points place of meeting for first
Continental Congress, 222; Regulat-
ing Act impossible of enforcement,
226; adopts a constitution of gov-
ernment, 238; suffers from paper
currency craze, 315; cedes North-
west Territory, 317; appoints dele-
gates for Annapolis convention, 322;
choses delegates for Constitutional
Convention, 323; ratifies the Con-
stitution, 336; favors financial plans
of Hamilton, 350; attitude toward
War of 1812, 430; volunteer service
in War of 1812, 431; Hartford Con-
vention, 431; approves resolutions
of Hartford convention, 433; pro-
tection question, 472; supports Web-
ster for Presidency, 510; Presiden-
tial election of 1848, 24, 559; abo-
lition of slavery, 563; failure of Fu-
gitive Slave Law, 616; Presidential
election of 1854, 645; state election
of 1855, 646; Emigrant-Aid Society
organized, 647; Sixth Massachusetts
attacked by mob in Baltimore, 715;
Eighth Massachusetts Regiment
garrisons Washington, 730; Boston
fire (1872), 902; Presidential election
of 1904, 1072
Massacre, The Apostle of: see Marat,
Jean Paul
Massacre of September 2, The, in
French history, 10, 207
Massacres:
B. C.
548. Jerusalem, 1, 400
521. In Persia, 1, 163
431. Thebans, 2, 278
427. Mitylenaeans, 2, 294
416. Melos, 2, 327
408. In Sicily, 2, 409
370. Sparta, 2, 439
332. Tyre, 1, 126, 2, 494
330. Persepolis, 2, 498
95. Asculum, 3, 206
88. Italians at Ephesus, 3, 216
GENERAL INDEX
45S
Massacres, cont.:
86. Celtic chiefs in Asia, 3, 219
82. Praeneste, 3, 228
53. Genabum, 9, 10
A. D.
31. Adherents of Sejanus, 4, 52
64. Christians under Nero, 4, 65
165. Christians under Marcus Au-
relius, 4, 97
211. In Egypt, 4, 102
295. Christians under Diocletian,
4, 116
451. Cologne, 4, 148
ca. 6j2>- Christians in Arabia, 1,
276
711. Zeres, 8, 56
782. At Verden, 18, 82
930. Mohammedans at Mecca, I,
362
1002. Danes in England, II, 58
1083. Rome, 18, 136
1096. Jews at Paris, 1, 419
1 145. Odessa, 9, 73
1 170. Aleppo, 1, 369
1208. Beziers, 9, 78
1213. Albigenses, 9, 78
1256. Bagdad, 5, 335
1261. Christians at Antioch, 9, 84
1264. Jews in England, 1, 420
1265. Rajputs of Mewat, 5, 98
12S2. Sicilian Vespers, 4, 257, 18,
170
1315. Ardee, 12, 59
1350. Zurich, 13, 376
!357- The Jacquerie, II, 165
1382. Soleure, 13, 379
1405. Smyrna, 13, 51
1418. Armagnac and his partisans
at Paris, 9, 112, 11, 199
1446. Alfarrobeira, 8, 314
1456. Euboea, 14, 85
1467. Dinaut, 13, 42
1480. Otranto, 14, 86
1512. Shiahs in Turkey, 5, 341
1517. Cairo, 14, 131
1517. Mameluke prisoners, 14, 133
1527. Rome, 9, 140
T 533- Qito, 21, 21
IS3S- Portuguese at Foochow, 6,
33
1546. Waldenses, 9, 144
1554. Bordeaux, 9, 145
1564. Huguenots in Florida, 20, 82,
33, 47
1566. Osterweel, 13, 102
1567. Valenciennes, 13, 105
1568. Jubiles, 8, 369
1572. St. Bartholomew, 9, 158
1573- Antrim, 12, 92
1600. Chinese in Philippine Islands,
6, 38
1622. Virginia colonists, 23, 62
1623. Amboyna, 5, 163, 13, 221, 20,
121
1645. Yangchow, 6, 56
1649. Drogheda, II, 363, 12, 124
1663. Confucianists at Chiengtu, 6,
60
1663. Chinese maidens, 6, 61
1665. The Caboquenas, 21, 38
1690. Schenectady, 23, 158
1691. Uraghree, 12, 152
1692. Glencoe, 11, 437, 12, 354
171 1. Negroes in New York City,
23, 132
1738. Delhi, s, 353
1757. Muttra, 5, 127
1757. Fort Edward, 23, 186
1763. Mackinaw, 23, 200
1767. San Gaban, 21, 51
1770. Boston, 11, 515, 23, 217
1778. Wyoming Valley, 23, 296
1779. Cherry Valley, 23, 297
1792. The inhabitants of the Tuiler-
ies, Paris, 10, 196
1792. September Massacres in
Paris, 8, 482, 10, 207, 208
1793. Lyons, 10, 278
1793- Girondists, 10, 279
1794. Kirman, 5, 356
1794. Toulouse, 10, 278
1794. Caen, 10, 278
1794. Marseilles, 10, 278
1794. Bordeaux, 10, 278
1794. Dantonists, 10, 295
1798. Wexford, 12, 213
1799. Turks at Jaffa, 14, 382
1804. Hayti, 22, 493
181 1. Mamelukes, 1, 38, 14, 409
1813. At River Raisin, 23, 424
1815. French troops in Spain, 8,
487
1816. Settlers in the Red River
country, Canada, 20, 169
454
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Massacres, cont.:
1819. Manchester Massacre, II,
572
1820. Neapolitans in Sicily, 4, 353
1820. Mulatto women in Hayti, 22,
495
1821. Turkish merchants at Galatz,
14, 416
1821. Turks at Jassy, 14, 416
1847. Arroyo Hondo, 22, 305
1847. Mora, 22, 305
1847. Rio Colorado, 22, 305
1847. Laos, 22, 305
1855. Yunnan, 6, 211
1857. Christians in India, 5, 235
i860. Christians at Djedda, 14,
46S
i860. Christians at Damascus, 14,
466
1867. Mohammedans at Tali Fu, 6,
215
1869. Havana, 20, 327
1870. Tientsin, 6, 223
1876. In Bulgaria, 14, 476
1876. Batak, 14, 477
1876. Panagurishta, 14, 477
1881. Geok Tepe, 5, 367
1895. Armenians, 14, 499, 500
1897. Christians in Candia, 14, 503
1900. Peking, 6, 304
1900. Blagovestchensk, 16, 309
1900. Russians at An-tung, 7, 284
1903. Kishinev, 15, 358
Massagetae, Asiatic tribe: slay Cyrus,
2, 127
Massasoit (ca. 1580-1661), American
Indian: treaty with Pilgrims, 23,
85
Massena, Andre (1758-1817), French
marshal, called the Child of For-
tune and the Famed Child of Vic-
tory: his campaign in Spanish pen-
insula, 8, 530, 11, 564; his campaign
against the allied forces, 9, 293, 18,
359. 362; his campaigns under the
Directory, 9, 298; his campaign in
Switzerland, 9, 308, 10, 407, 13, 516;
made marshal of the empire, 9,
322; his campaign in Italy, 17, 282;
defeated by the Archduke Charles,
293; at the battle of Aspern, 298
Massey (17th century), English Ro-
man Catholic scholar: appointed to
the Deanery of Christchurch, 11,
424
Massey, William Nathaniel (1809-
1881), English statesman and his-
torian: sketch of, 5, 247
Massilia, France: founded, 2, 85, 3, 28;
Phocaean colony, 2, 125; its influ-
ence on civilization of Gaul, 3, 293;
surrenders to Caesar, 341; see also
Marseilles
Massillon, Ohio: Coxey's army form-
ed at, 24, 1004
Massinissa (ca. 238 B. C.-148 B. C),
King of Numidia: joins Rome, 3,
129; sketch of, 134; appeals to Rome
to arbitrate between him and Car-
thage, 163; death, 164
Massiva (ca. no B. C), Numidian
prince: claims throne, 3, 189
Master, Sir Streynsham (17th cen-
tury), British statesman: governor
of Bengal, 5, 166
Masts, The City of: see London, Eng-
land
Masuda Nagamori (ca. 1600), Japa-
nese soldier: his campaign against
Korea, 7, 116
Masuda Shird (ca. 1600), Japanese
revolutionist: leads rebellion, 7,
137
Masulipatam, British India: taken by
the English (1761), 20, 120
Mataafa (ca. 1890), Samoan chief:
contends for throne, 24, 977
Matabeleland, South Africa: sketch
of, 19, 216, 227; declared to be with-
in the British sphere, 20, 230
Matabeles, African tribe: rebellion of,
19, 243
Matamoras, Mexico: Mexican troops
mobilized at, 24, 546; battle near
(1845), 546; under military rule,
548
Matches: trade in, made a state mo-
nopoly in Switzerland, 13, 580
Matejko, Jan (1838-1893), Polish his-
torical painter: sketch of, 17, 415
Matgenos (Metenna) II (ca. 730 B.
C), King of Tyre: reign of, 1, 124
GENERAL INDEX
455
Mathematics: among the Babylonians
and Assyrians, I, no; among the
Saracens, 347
Mather, Cotton (1663-1728), American
author and divine: .sketch of, 23,
139, 142; quoted on tolerance of
Rhode Island, 147
Mather, Increase (1639-1723), Presi-
dent Harvard College: sent to Eng-
land, 23, 100; notable divine, 139
Mathew, Theobald (ca. 1840), Irish
Catholic priest: leads temperance
movement in Ireland, 12, 225
Mathews (ca. 1880), English naval
officer: in the service of the sultan
of Zanzibar, 19, 132
Mathews, Stanley (ca. 1870), American
politician: joins liberal movement,
24, 890; supports Hayes, 915; mem-
ber of the Senate, 916
Mathias (Matthias) (1557-1619), Holy
Roman Emperor, 1612-1619: made
governor of the Netherlands, 13,
128;. made governor of Austria, Mo-
ravia, and Hungary, 17, 180; reign
of, as emperor, 181, 267; his reign, as
king of Bohemia, 200; reign of, as
king of Hungary, 224
Mathias Corvinus (Hunyady) (1443-
1490), King of Hungary, 1458-1490:
at war with Bohemia, 17, 146; elect-
ed king, 17, 161, 18, 215, 219;
crowned king of Bohemia, 17, 163;
estimate of, 164
Mathias of Janov (d. 1394), German
priest: teaching of, 17, 119
Mathilda (ca. 1066), Queen of Eng-
land and wife of William the Con-
queror: embroiders the Bayeux
Tapestry, 13, 25
Mathilde (ca. 1000), aunt of Otto III
of Germany: regent of Germany,
18, 120
Matilda, Empress of Germany and
Queen of England, called Domina
Anglorum: born about 1102; was
the daughter of Henry I of Eng-
land; was married to Henry V of
Germany, n 10, who died, 1125; be-
came the wife of Geoffrey Plantag-
enet, Count of Anjou, 1127; was
acknowledged as his heir by Henry
I, upon whose death her claim was
disputed by Stephen of Blois, 1135,
and a long civil war was the result;
she vindicated her right and was
crowned in London, 1141; died, 1167
Marries Henry V of Germany, 18,
140; barons swear to accept her as
their future sovereign, 11, 93; ac-
knowledged as queen, 95; leaves
England, 95
Matilda, Queen of England: see Ma-
thilda
Matilda (1080-1118), Queen of Henry
I of England: marriage of, 12, 261;
called the good queen, 11, 88
Matilda (d. 1262), wife of Alfonso III
of Portugal: abandoned by her hus-
band, 8, 281
Matilda (ca. 1046-1115), Countess of
Tuscany: befriends the Pope, 18,
135; acknowledges the emperor,
140; wills her property to the Pa-
pacy, 4, 197; death of, 141
Matius, Gaius (ca. 90-40 B. C), Ro-
man knight and Epicurean philoso-
pher: attachment to Caesar, 3, 362
Matsudaira Katamori (ca. 1840), Japa-
nese lord: rebellion of, 7, 170
Matsudaira Nobutsuma (17th cen-
tury), Japanese chief: crushes rebel-
lion of Shimabara, 7, 138; makes
improvements in Edo, 148
Matsudaira Sadanobu (18th century),
Japanese statesman: encourages
martial exercises, 7, 147; policy of,
149
Matsukata, Count M. (1835 ),
Japanese statesman: made premier,
7, 217
Matsumaye Nobuhiro (ca. 1600), Japa-
nese statesman: recognized as lord
of Ezo, 7, 113
Mattathias (d. 166 B. C), Jewish
priest: leads rebellion against Syria,
1, 405
Matthews, Thomas (1681-1751), Brit-
ish naval officer: at battle of Tou-
lon, 9, 238; his campaign in India,
259
Matthiae, Johan (1592-1670), Swedish
prelate: educates Christina, 16, 204
Matthias: see Mathias
456
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Matto Grosso, Brazil: foreign element
in, 31, 251
Matveov Artemon (17th century),
Russian statesman: in the outbreak
of the strelitz, 15, 26
Matzukura Shigemasa (17th century),
Japanese statesman: made feudal
chief of Shimabara, 7, 137
Maubeuge, France: siege of (i793)>
9, 287
Mauclerc, Pierre (early 13th cen-
tury), Duke of Brittany: becomes
duke, 9, 79
Maugin, Frangois (1785-1854), French
jurist: his relation to the revolution
of 1830, 9, 391
Maumee River, Ohio: Wayne's vic-
tory on (1794), 23, 366
Maumont, General (17th century),
French general: at siege of Derry,
12, 135
Maund, E. R. (19th century), English
diplomat: influences Lobengula, 19,
222
Maupas (19th century), French pre-
fect of police: assists schemes of
Napoleon III, 9, 442
Maupas, Sir John (14th century),
Anglo-Irish knight: slays Edward
Bruce, 12, 61
Maupeou, Rene Nicolas Charles
(1714-1792), French statesman: re-
forms of, 9, 249; vice-chancellor, 10,
12
Maura (ca. 1000), Spanish statesman:
administration of, 8, 521
Mauregato the Usurper (d. 788), King
of Asturias and Leon: reign of, 8,
132
Maurepas, Jean Frederic Phillippe,
Count of (1701-1781), French poli-
tician: made prime minister, 9,
253; death of, 257, 10, 30; influence
of, 26
Maurice (1521-1553), Duke of Saxony:
given electorate of Saxony, 9, 145,
18, 255; conspiracy of, 257; victories
of, 13, 59; death of, 18, 258
Maurice (18th century), Prince of
Dessau: at the battle of Hochflirch,
18, 339
Maurice (1567-1625), Prince of
Orange and Count of Nassau: as-
sumes leadership of Dutch Protes-
tants, 8, 362; made stadtholder, 13,
146; successes of, 160; sketch of,
192; joins the Gomarists, 194; be-
comes Prince of Orange, 198; death
of, 207
Maurice (17th century), Landgrave of
Hesse: compelled to abdicate, 18,
276
Maurice, Saint (d. ca. 286), a Chris-
tian martyr: death of, 13, 334
Maurice of Nassau, Count (1604-
1679), a Dutch general and adminis-
trator: his campaign against the
Portuguese, 8, 460
Maurice of Saxony: see Saxe, Count
Maurice of
Maurier, Du (17th century), French
diplomat: ambassador to the Dutch
Republic, 13, 198
Mauritius, Island of, Indian Ocean:
occupied by the English, 5, 205;
sketch of, 19, 213; French policy
concerning, 20, 100; obtained by
France, 115; history of, 263
Mauritz: see Maurice
Maury, Jean Siffrein (1746-1817),
French cardinal and politician:
elected member of the States-Gen-
eral, 10, 39; sketch of, 79; his opin-
ion on the renewal of the assem-
bly, 114
Mausolus (d. ca. 350 B. C), King of
Caria, Asia Minor: takes Rhodes,
3, 455
Mavrocordato, Alexander (ca. 1636-
1709), Greek diplomat: at Peace of
Carlowitz, 14, 269
Mavrokordatos, Alexander (1791-
1865), Greek general: declares inde-
pendence and sets up constitutional
government, 2, 544
Max Emanuel (17th century), Elector
of Bavaria: campaigns of, 18, 303,
312
Max Joseph (18th century), Elector
of Bavaria: renounces claim to the
throne, 18, 330; death of, 348
Maxentius, Marcus Aurelius Valerius,
GENERAL INDEX
457
Roman Emperor, 306-312: given ti-
tle of Augustus by the Senate, 4,
117; death, 118
Maximian: see Maximus, Magnus
Clemens
Maximianus Hercules, Roman Em-
peror, 286-305; made colleague of
the Emperor Diocletian, 4, 113
Maximilian I (1459-1519), Holy Ro-
man Emperor, 1493-1519. called The
Pennyless: betrothed to Mary of
Burgundy, 13, 46; marries Mary of
Burgundy, 13, 49, 409, 18, 218; at
war with Charles VIII of France,
9, 127; accession of, to imperial
throne, 13, 51, 18, 219; reign of, 17,
173, 18, 225; negotiates for marriage
with Anne of Brittany, II, 225;
joins the Holy League, 236; joins
league for peace, 237; condition of
Switzerland under, 13, 417; death of,
II, 240
Maximilian II (1527-1576), Holy Ro-
man Emperor, 1564-1576: account
of, 14, 175, 191; reign of, as em-
peror, 17, 179, 18, 262; reign of, as
King of Bohemia, 17, 197; reign of,
as King of Hungary, 219; condemns
the executions of Egmont and Horn,
13, 108; candidate for crown of Po-
land, 17, 220
Maximilian I (1 756-1 825), King of
Bavaria, 1806-1825: his daughter
marries Eugene Beauharnais, 18,
371; joins the allies, 385
Maximilian (Ferdinand Maximilian
Joseph) (1832-1867), Emperor of
Mexico: accession of, 9, 453, 24,
876; reign of, 22, 388; death of, 9,
455, 17, 393, 22, 397, 24, 877
Maximilian I (1573-1651), Duke of
Bavaria: at war with Mohammed
III of Turkey, 14, 205, 206; perse-
cutes the Protestants, 18, 265, 270;
campaigns of, 272
Maximilian (18th century), Prince of
Wurtemberg: with Charles XII of
Sweden, 16, 215
Maximilian Joseph I (1727-1779),
Elector of Bavaria: death of, 17,
250
Maximin: see Maximinus
Maximinus, Caius Julius Verus, Ro-
man Emperor, 235-238; becomes em-
peror, 4, 106; death, 108
Maximum, Law of the, in the French
Revolution, a law regulating the
price of food-stuffs (1793), 10, 271
Maximus: see Petronius Maximus
Maximus (1st century A. D.), friend
of Ovid: death, 4, 44
Maximus, Gnaeus Mallius, Roman
consul, 105 B. C: at battle of
Arausio, 3, 193
Maximus, Magnus Clemens, Emperor
of Rome, 383-388; usurps throne
of the Western Empire, 4, 134;
proclaimed emperor, 11, 16; his
campaign against the Salic Franks,
9, 15
Maximus: see Maximinus
May, Cornelius (early 17th century),
Dutch colonist: first governor of
Dutch, 23, 102
May, Samuel J. (ca. 1830), American
slavery abolitionist: member of
American Anti-Slavery Society, 24,
5745 heads negro rescue at Syra-
cuse, 616
May Laws, The, laws passed by Bis-
marck to limit the disciplinary pow-
er of the Church over its members
(1873), 18, 441
Mayanderan, Persia: ceded to Russia
(1722), 15, 79
Mayas, American Indians, Mexico:
mentioned, 23, 6
Mayeda Toshuye (ca. 1600), Japanese
statesman: member of council of
state, 7, 114; appointed guardian for
Tayotomi Hideyori, 121
Mayence, Germany: founded, 18, 15;
a member of the Union of Rhenish
Cities, 18, 174; Prussian siege of
(1793), 9, 285, 10, 271, 18, 357;
French siege of (1793), 18, 356
Mayenne, Charles de Loraine, Duke
of (1554-1611), French soldier: his
campaign against the Protestants
(1577), 9, 160; proclaimed lieutenant-
general of the kingdom, 9, 164;
submits to Henry IV of France,
170, 181
Mayenne, Henry of Loraine, Duke of
458
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
(1578-1621), French soldier: revolt
of, 9, 178; death of, 181
"Mayflower," British vessel: brings
Pilgrims from Southampton, 23, 84
Mayne, Cuthbert (16th century),
Catholic missionary: death of, 11,
291
Maynooth, Ireland: siege of (i535)>
12, 80
Maynooth, College of, Ireland: found-
ed, 12, 204
Mayo, Richard Southwell Bourke,
Earl of (1822-1872), English states-
man: his governor-generalship of
India, 5, 248
Mayo College, India: opened, 5, 249
Mayorga, Martin de (ca. 1780), Mexi-
can statesman: his administration
as viceroy of New Spain, 22, 211
Mayotte, Island of, east of Africa:
taken by the French, 19, 56, 20,
278; sketch of, 19, 213; placed un-
der the governor of Madagascar,
20, 279
Maypo, Chili: battle of (1878), 21, 72
Maysville Road, Kentucky: national
pike vetoed by Jackson, 23, 488
Mazarin (Mazarini), Jules Giulio
(1602-1661), French cardinal and
statesman: favors war with Philip
IV of Spain, 8, 378; made prime
minister, 9, 199, 13, 214; banished
203; returns to France, 204; dis-^
missed by Anne of Austria, 205; re
called to Paris, 206; death of, 207
Mazeppa, Ivan (1644-1709), Polish ad
venturer: career of, 15, 47; death of,
54; his alliance with Charles XII
of Sweden, 16, 219
Mazovians, Polish tribe: location of,
15, 372
Mazzini, Guiseppe, an Italian patriot
and writer: born at Genoa, June 28,
1808; was graduated at the Univer-
sity of Genoa, 1826; became a mem-
ber of the Carbonari; was arrested
by the authorities on the charge of
conspiracy against the government
(1830), but was soon released; left
Italy; founded the secret revolu-
tionary society of " Young Italy,"
1832, whose object was the unifica-
tion of Italy under a republican gov-
ernment; returned to Italy upon the
outbreak of the revolution of 1848;
was a member of the triumvirate in
the republic at Rome; exiled when
the papal government was restored;
took a minor part in the disturb-
ances, which culminated in the uni-
fication of Italy; died at Pisa,
March 10, 1872
Joins revolutionists of Rome, 4,
366
Meade, George Gordon, an American
general: born at Cadiz, Spain, De-
cember 31, 1815; was graduated at
West Point, 1835; served in the
Mexican war, 1846-1847; appointed
captain, 1856, and brigadier-general
of volunteers, 1861; became major-
general, 1862; chosen as comman-
der-in-chief of the army of the Po-
tomac; was of great service in the
battle of Gettysburg; appointed brig-
adier-general of the regular army,
1863; became second in command of
the army of the Potomac in its
operations against Richmond, 1864,
and was appointed major-general of
the regular army; became comman-
der of the third military district,
1867; died, November 6, 1872
Succeeds Hooker, 24, 779; sketch
of, 779; failure to follow Lee's re-
treat, 782
Meade, William (1789-1862), Ameri-
can Episcopal bishop: complains of
his clergy, 23, 150
Meagher, Thomas Francis (1823-
1867), Irish-American general;
sketch of, 12, 229; later career of,
232
Meath, War of (began 1224), feud be-
tween two Irish chiefs which re-
sulted in the devastation of Meath,
12, 57
Meaux, France: siege of (1421), 11,
200
Mecca, Asia Minor: chosen as center
for Mohammedan worship, 1, 214;
Mohammed returns to, 230; con-
quered by Mohammed, 231; stormed
by the Karmathians, 362; visited by
GENERAL INDEX
459
Prince Djem, 14, 108; captured by
Wahabites, 385; recovered, 409
Mechanicsville, Virginia: battle of
(1862), 24, 761; McClellan's com-
plaint before battle of, 762
Mechlin, Brabant, Holland: expels the
patrician families, 13, 30; siege of
(1572), 13, 114
Medes, The, inhabitants of Media,
Asia: advent in history, 1, 89; rise
of, 1, 91, 157, 2, 120; conquered by
Cyrus (549 B. C.)> 2, 123; rebellion
of, 129
Medhurst (19th century), British dip-
lomat: consul at Yangchow, 6, 221
Mediation, Act of, system of govern-
ment enforced on the Swiss by
Napoleon (1803), 9, 320, 13, 519
Medici, The, Italian family: rise of,
4, 267; become extinct, 331
Medici, Alessandro de': see Alessan
dro de' Medici
Medici, Catherine de': see Catherine
de' Medici
Medici, Cosmo de' (1389-1464), Italian
statesman: character of, 4, 267; en-
courages learning, 282
Medici, Cosmo de' (1519-1574): see
Cosmo de' Medici
Medici, Francesco de': see Francis
Grand Duke of Tuscany
Medici, Giovanni de': see Leo X, Pope
Medici, Giovanni de' (1360-1429)
Italian statesman: character of, 4,
267
Medici, Giovanni de' (1498-1526), Ital-
ian general: his campaign against
the Duke of Bourbon, 4, 303
Medici, Jacob of (16th century), Ital-
ian soldier: uprising of, 13, 444
Medici, Julian de' (ca. 1469), Italian
statesman: assumes government of
Florence, 4, 268
Medici, Lorenzo de', the Magnificent,
Prince of Florence, called The Fa-
ther of Letters: born, 1448; was
educated by celebrated masters of
that age; was slightly wounded in a
conspiracy of the Pazzi family, to-
gether with the Archbishop of Pisa
and Pope Sixtus IV; the Archbishop
was hanged, and Lorenzo was ex-
communicated by Pope Sixtus IV,
1478, whose successor, Innocent
VIII, became a friend of Lorenzo,
1848; under Lorenzo's patronage,
Florence became the meeting place
of all the culture of that time; died,
April 8, 1492
Reign of, 4, 268; encourages
learning, 282
Medici, Piero de' (1416-1469), Italian
statesman: character of, 4, 268
Medici, Piero (Pierre) de' (1471-
IS03), Italian statesman: defeated
by Charles VIII of France, 4, 290;
rise against, 9, 130
Medicine, Science of, among the
Egyptians, 1, 52; among the Sara-
cens, 348; in the American colonies,
23, 139
Medina, Asia Minor: accepts the
teachings of Mohammed, 1, 222;
sieges of, 228, 244; visited by Prince
Djem, 14, 108; captured by the Wa-
habites, 1, 385; recovered, 409
Medina, General (19th century), Uru-
guayan military officer: defeats
Flores, 21, 142
Medina, Juan Jose (19th century),
Paraguayan adventurer: attempts
to seize the government in Para-
guay, 21, 155
Medina de Rio-Secco, Spain: battle
of (1808), 9, 333
Medina-Sidonia, Alonzo de Guzman,
Duke of (16th century), Spanish
sailor: given command of the Span-
ish Armada, 8, 364
Mediterranean, The Gate of the: see
Gibraltar
Mediterranean, The Key of the: see
Gibraltar
Mediterranean, The Queen of the: see
Carthage
Meerut, India: massacre of (1399), 5,
104; outbreak of the mutiny at, 234
Megabyzus (Megabazus) (6th century
B. C), Persian general: his cam-
paign in Egypt, 1, 32; revolt of,
167; conquers Egypt, 2, 246; in
Thrace, 132
Megacles (7th century B. C), Athe-
nian archon: crime of, 2, 100
460
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Megalopolis, Greece: founded, 2, 440;
its wars with Sparta, 453, 465
Megalopolis, Asia Minor: founded, 3,
275
Megara, Greece: made Dorian capital,
2, 40; colonization from, 82; allied
with Athens, 242; at war with Ath-
ens, 248; causes Peloponnesian war,
263; ravaged by Athenians, 280;
saved by Brasidas, 310; at war with
Philip, 473; submits to Philip, 479
Megara Hyblaea, Sicily: destroyed by
Gelo, 2, 217
Megasthenes (ca. 300 B. C.), Greek
geographer: describes India, 5, 70
Meghem, Count (ca. 1555), Belgian
noble: his mission to Antwerp, 13,
92; at the battle of Bois-le-duc, 101;
takes the oath of allegiance, 102
Megiddo, Asia Minor: battles of (ca.
1485 B. C.), 1, 23; (608 B. C.), 399
Mehadia, Hungary: battle of (1788),
14, 354
Mehemet Ali: see Mohammed Ali
Mehidpur, India: battle of (1817), 5,
209
Meidum, Pyramid of, Egypt: tomb of
Snefru, 1, 16
Meier, Rudolf (ca. 1800), Swiss geog-
rapher: publishes his atlas, 13, 521
Meiji Era, the present epoch of time
in Japan which began 1868, 7, 174
Meissen, Saxony: founded, 18, 107;
becomes an appanage of Poland,
121
Mejia, Thomas (ca. 1812-1867), Mexi-
can soldier: death of, 22, 397
Melanchthon (Melanthon), Philip
(1497-1560), German reformer: in-
fluences Frederick of Saxony in fa-
vor of Luther, 18, 237; assists Lu-
ther to translate the Bible, 244; op-
poses the union of state and church,
245; at the Marburg Conference,
247; death of, 260
Melas, Baron Michael von (1729-
1806), Austrian general: in the war
of the second coalition, 17, 285, 18,
363
Melbourne, Australia: founded, 20,
189; growth of, 194
Melbourne, William Lamb, Viscount
(1779-1848), English statesman:
member of Grey's ministry, 11, 587;
first ministry of, 593; second minis-
try of, 595
Melbourne Conference, The, a confer-
ence to decide on the form of gov-
ernment to be adopted by the Aus-
tralasian colonies (1890), 20, 203
Meldorf, Germany: the sack of (1500),
16, 139
Melegnano, Italy: battle of (1859), 9,
451
Melek Shah (ca. 1092), Seljukian
sovereign: Seljukian Turks power-
ful under, 14, 10
Meletus, Asia Minor: at war with Per-
sians, 2, 382
Melgarejo, Mariano (ca. 1810-1870),
South American statesman: made
president of Bolivia, 21, 190
Melicertes, Phoenician god: worshiped
by Corinth, 2, 28
Melik-el-Kamil (ca. 1220), Sultan of
Egypt and Syria: recaptures Dami-
etta, 1, 36
Melikov, Michael Tarielovitch Tainow,
Count Loris (1826-1888), Russian
general: his campaign against Tur-
key, 15, 335
Melito, Conde de (16th century),
Spanish statesman: made regent of
Valencia, 8, 347
Mello, Custodio de (ca. 1845), Bra-
zilian naval officer and revolutionist:
leads rebellion, 21, 254
Mello, Duarte de (ca. 1500), Portu-
guese explorer: founds Mozam-
bique, 19, 21
Mello, Francisco de (ca. 1640), Gov-
ernor-general of the Netherlands:
rule of, 13, 214
Meloria, Italian island: battle of
(1284), 4, 236
Melos, Greece: colonized, 2, 56; a
Phoenician possession, 27; con-
quered by Athens, 327
Melpum, Italy: captured by Romans
(396 B. O, 3, 59
Melville, Andrew (1545-1622), Scot-
tish reformer and scholar: draws up
GENERAL INDEX
461
the Second Book of Discipline, 12,
326
Melville, Henry Dundas, Viscount
(1740-1811), Scottish lawyer and
statesman: impeached, 11, 556; pro-
poses the repeal of the penal laws
in Scotland, 12, 370
Melville, Sir James (1530-1606), Scot-
tish statesman and historian: sketch
of, 12, 331
Memel, Prussia: siege of (1757), 15,
146
Memminger, Christopher Gustavus
(1803-1888), American politician:
Confederate Secretary of the Treas-
ury, 24, 694
Memmius, Gaius (d. 100 B. C), Ro-
man tribune: leads movement for
war against Jugurtha, 3, 188; leader
of the populace, 199; murdered, 201
Memnon (d. 333 B. C), Greek gen-
eral: campaign against Alexander, 2,
489
Memphis, Egypt: location of, 1, 6;
siege of, 292
Memphis, Tennessee: convention at
(1853), 24, 589; captured by the Fed-
erals (1862), 750; Sherman embarks
at , 775; yellow fever epidemic, 923
Memphis & Charleston Railroad:
Federals gain control of, 24, 750
Menahem ben Gadi (8th century),
King of Israel, 748-738 B. C:
usurps the throne of Israel, 1, 393
Menapians, The, Belgian tribe: at war
with the Romans, 13, 5
Mencius (d. ca. 289 B. C), Chinese
philosopher: quoted, 6, 6, 7, 9
Mende, Greece: revolts from Athens,
2, 315
Mendelssohn, Moses (1728-1786), Jew-
ish scholar: aids cause of Jewish
toleration, 1, 423
Mendenez, Manuel (early 19th cen-
tury), Peruvian official: governs
Peru (1842), 21, 196
Mendoza, Argentine Republic: de-
stroyed by earthquake, 21, 130
Mendoza, Alonso Velez de (early 16th
century), Spanish explorer: explora-
tions of, 21, 15
Mendoza, Antonio de, Count de Ten-
dilla (16th century), Viceroy of
New Spain, 1530-1551: rule of, 22,
106; appointed governor of Peru,
Mendoza, Francisco, Admiral of Ara-
gon (16th century), Spanish com-
mander: commands Spanish forces
in the Netherlands, 13, 170
Mendoza, Pedro de (1487-1537), Span-
ish captain: founds Buenos Ayres,
21, 25
Mendoza y Luna, Juan de, Marques
de Montesclaros (17th century),
Viceroy of New Spain, 1603-1607:
made viceroy, 22, 143
Menelaus (2nd century A. D.), high
priest of Jerusalem: deposes Jason,
I> 405
Menelaus, legendary King of Sparta:
in Homer's " Iliad," 2, 29, 33
Menelek II, King of Shoa (1844 ),
King of Abyssinia, 1889 , wages
war with Italy, 4, 404, 19, 208;
ability of, 19, 247
Menendez de Aviles, Pedro (1519-
I574) Spanish naval officer: de-
stroys French colony on the St.
John's, 23, 47
Menephthah II, King of Egypt, ca.
1285 B. C. : reign of, 1, 127
Menes (Mena), King of Egypt, ca.
2000 B. C. : reign of, 1, 14
Menezes, Dom Duarte de (15th cen-
tury), Portuguese soldier: his cam-
paign in Africa, 8, 316; made gov-
ernor of the Indies, 331, 433
Menezes, Henrique de (early 16th
century), Portuguese statesman:
viceroy of the Indies, 8, 434
Mengaud (18th century), French revo-
lutionist: encourages revolution in
Switzerland, 13, 509
Mengden, Julia (early 18th century),
Russian lady-in-waiting: favorite of
Anna Leopoldovna, 15, 129, 132;
banished, 138
Menhardt (13th century), Count cf
Tyrol: allied with Rudolf of Haps-
burg, 17, 75; receives Carinthia, 100
Men-ka-ra (Mykerinos, Menkheres)
462
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
(ca. 40th century B. C), King of
Egypt: reign of, I, 16
Menno, Simon, German reformer:
founds Mennonite sect, 18, 250
Menou, Baron Jacques Frangois de
(1750-1810), French general: made
commander-in-chief in Egypt, 9,
318; replaced in the command of the
army by Barras, 10, 357
Menschikov, Prince Alexander Daniel-
ovitch (1670-1729), Russian states-
man and general: with Peter on his
journey, 33; reorganizes the army,
41; made governor-general of St.
Petersburg, 45; campaigns of, 15,
50; at the battle of Poltava, 16,
220; loses influence, 15, 89; his
power under Catherine, 94; ban-
ished, 96; death of, 98
Menschikov, Prince Alexander Sergei-
vitch (1789-1869), Russian admiral:
on the members of the Greek
Church, 14, 340; his ministry to
Turkey, 449; his campaign against
Turkey, 15, 278; leaves Constanti-
nople, 304; in the Crimean War,
9, 446, 15, 312; recalled from the
command, 15, 317
Menshikov, Mary, betrothed wife of
Peter II of Russia: sketch of, 15,
97
Mentu-hotep I (ca. 20th century B.
C), King of Egypt: reign of, 1, 18
Menzes, Don Metello Souza y (late
18th century), Portuguese states-
man: envoy to China, 6, 80
Mequinencia, Spain: siege of (1133),
8, 234
Meran Manifesto, The, a declaration
of rights made by Austrian peasants
(1588), 17, 177
Mercator, Gerard (15 12-1594), Dutch
geographer: sketch of, 13, 169; in-
vents a method for making accurate
charts, 20, 122
Mercer, Fort, New Jersey: captured
by British, 23, 260
Mercer, Hugh (d. 1877), Scotch gen-
eral in the American Revolution:
killed at the battle of Princeton,
23, 249
" Merchant Adventurers, Company
of," English association of East In-
dian traders: obtain charter, 5, 158
Merchant Gilds, The: rise of (1093),
11, 117
Merchant Queen, The: see Venice
Merciless Parliament, The, name given
to the English parliament which
met at Winchester (1388); account
of, 11, 181
Merccem, Duke of (late 16th cen-
tury), French peer: supports claims
of Philip II of Spain to the crown
of France, 9, 170
Mercy, Claudius Florimond, Count
(1666-1734), Austrian general-in-
chief of French birth: his campaign
in Sicily, 9, 231
Merian, Maria Sibylla, Frau Graff
(1647-1717), German naturalist and
artist: sketch of, 13, 584
Merian, Mathias (1621-1687), Swiss
portrait painter: sketch of, 13, 482
Merida, Spain: conquered by the Sar-
acens (713 A. D.), 1, 315, 8, 51; siege
of (736 A. D.), 8, 66; battle of (1813),
21, 61
Merira Pepi I, King of Egypt of
the sixth dynasty: reign of, 1, 17
Merlin de Douai, Count Philippe An-
toine (1754-1838), French statesman
and jurist: attacked by the coun-
cils, 10, 404; resigns the directorial
authority, 404
Merodach-baladan, King of Bit-Yakin,
8th century B. C. : seizes Babylonian
throne, 1, 84, 396; defeated by Sar-
gon, 86; defeated by Sennacherib,
87
Merodach-nadin-akhe, King of Baby-
lonia, nth century B. C. : submits
to Assyrian king, 1, 79
Merovingian Dynasty, a Frankish
dynasty: founded, 9, 18, 18, 59
Merovius (d. 456 A. D.), King of the
Franks: at battle of Mery-sur-Seine,
9, 17
Merovius (6th century A. D.), Frank-
ish prince: marries Brunhilda, 9, 27
" Merrimac," American vessel in the
Civil War: Confederate ironclad,
24, 754; destroys the " Cumber-
land " and the " Congress," 754;
GENERAL INDEX
463
naval duel with " Monitor," 756;
burned by Confederates, 756
" Merrimac," American war-ship in
the Spanish-American war: sunk by
Lieutenant Hobson, 24, 1029
Merrimac River, New England:
boundary of grant to Gorges and
Mason, 23, 95
Merry (early 19th century), English
statesman: Burr's correspondence
with, 23, 404
Merry Monarch, The: see Charles II,
King of England
Merryman Case, The, in American
history, a case arising from the sup-
pression of the writ of habeas
corpus by Lincoln (1861), 24, 816
Merrymount, Massachusetts: charac-
ter of settlement, 23, 85
Mersch, Francis van der: see Van der
Mersch, Francis
Merseburg, Germany: battle of
(933 A. D.), 9> 55, 18, 107
Mersen, Edict of, an edict by Charles
the Bald granting every freeman
the privilege of choosing his own
feudal lord (847 A. D.), 9, 51
Mersen, Treaty of, a treaty between
Ludwig the German and Charles
the Bald (870 A. D.), 18, 95
Merton, Walter de (d. 1277), English
ecclesiastic: founds Merton Col-
lege, 11, 142
Merula, Lucius Cornelius (d. 87 B.
C.) Roman statesman: chosen con-
sul, 3, 222; death, 223
Merv, Siberia: occupied by Russia, 5,
264
Merveldt, General (early 19th cen-
tury), Austrian military officer: at
the battle of Leipzig, 17, 310
Merwan (d. 750 A. D.), Mohamme-
dan caliph: at battle of the Zab, 1,
340
Merwig (6th century A. D.), son of
Chilperic, Frankish prince: revolt
of, 18, 62
Mery sur Seine: see Chalons
Mesa, California: battle of, 22, 300
Mesopotamia, Asia Minor: location
of, 1, 63; conquests of Suleiman I
in, 14, 158
Messala, Marcus Valerius (1st cen-
tury B. C.)f Roman statesman:
consul, 4, 25; offers the title of Au-
gustus to Octavius, 35
Messalina (d. 48 A. D.), wife of
Claudius I: death, 4, 60
Messalina of the North, The: see
Catherine II, Empress of Russia
Messene (Messana), Sicily: founded
as Zaucle, 2, 83; taken by Anaxi-
laus, 217; taken by Cathaginians,
413; siege of (289 B. C.) 3, 99J
joins Rome and Carthage against
Pyrrhus, 3, 79; captured by slaves,
187; siege of (37 B. C), 4, 21
Messenhauser (d. 1848), Austrian in-
surgent: death of, 18, 401
Messenia, Peloponnesus, Greece:
geography of, 2, 17; mentioned as a
Dorian state, 60; first war with
Sparta (743-723 B. C), 71; second
war with Sparta (ending 645 B.
C), 71; third war with Sparta (464-
455 B. C.) 2 37l founded by Epami-
nondas (369 B. C), 442; allied to
Philip of Macedon, 470; joins the
Achaean League, 519
Mestnistchestvo, mediaeval Russian
system of precedence: abolished (ca.
1681), 15, 25
Metal Age, 23, 6
Metastasio (Pietro Bonaventura Tra-
passe) (1698-1782), Italian poet:
sketch of, 4, 338
Metaurus, river of Italy: battle of,
3, 128
Metcalfe, Charles Theophilus, Baron
Metcalfe (1785-1746), English states-
man: matriculates at the college of
Fort William, 5, 202; sent as envoy
to Lahore, 205; his governor-gen-
eralship of India, 215; his adminis-
tration as governor of Canada, 20,
158, 162
Metellus, Quintius Caecilius, Roman
consul, 60 B. C. : at battle of Cy-
donia, 3, 260; defeats Catilina, 284
Metellus Creticus, Lucius Caecilius,
Roman tribune, 49 B. C. : attempts
to protect the state chest, 3, 339
Metellus Macedonicus, Quintus Caeci-
lius, Roman consul, 143 B. C. : de-
464.
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
feats the Celtiberians, 3, 162; favors
reforms, 175; urges the duty of mar-
riage, 248
Metellus Nepos, Quintus Caecilius,
Roman consul, 57 B. C. : elected trib-
une, 3, 286; suspended from office,
287; at the conference of the trium-
viate, 315
Metellus Numidicus, Quintus Cae-
cilius, Roman consul, 109 B. C: his
campaign in Africa, 3, 189
Metellus Pius, Quintus Caecilius, Ro-
man consul, 80 B. C: voluntarily
exiles himself from Rome, 3, 200;
returns to Rome, 201; comes to the
aid of Rome against forces of Ma-
rius and Cinna, 222; obliged to sub-
mit to Cinna, 225; joins Sulla, 225;
his campaign in Spain, 8, 21; elected
consul, 3, 240; retires to private life,
278
Metenna: see Matgenos
Methodius, Saint (d. 885 A. D.), Greek
or Slav missionary, called The
Apostle to the Slavs: his work
among the Bohemians, 18, 99; his
mission to the Slavs, 17, 31; hon-
ored by the Pope, 32; struggles with
the German clergy, 33
Methone, southeastern Europe: tak-
en by Philip, 2, 461
Methuen, Treaty of, a treaty between
England and Portugal (1703), 8,
525, 11, 454, 20, 106
Metternich, Prince Clemens Wenzel
Nepomuk Lothar von (1 773-1 859),
Austrian statesman: summons the
Carlsbad Conference, 9, 374; plans
restoration of the Bourbons, 10,
498; opposed by Canning, II, 574;
influences Alexander of Russia, 15,
264; intrusted with the management
of foreign affairs, 17, 302; attempts
to negotiate a peace with Napoleon,
307; follows the policy of France,
18, 378; given title of hereditary
prince, 17, 310; plans Congress of
Vienna, 312; character and aims of,
320; made chancellor of the empire,
323; becomes the enemy of Na-
poleon, 18, 383; fears to have Na-
poleon completely overthrown, 385;
proposes the German Confedera-
tion, 392; his influence in Austria,
17, 345, 18, 396; fall of, 17, 361, 18,
398
Metz, Germany: sieges of (1552-1553),
9, 146, 18, 258; (1870), 9, 468, 18,
422
Mexia (19th century), Mexican sol-
dier: rebellion of, 22, 274
Mexia, Pedro de (early 17th century),
Mexican merchant: career of, 22,
154
Mexican War, The, a war between
Mexico and the United States
(1846-1848): main treatment, 22,
278, 24, 540; causes, 24, 544; war
declared by Congress, 547; sum-
mary of, 552; opposed by Lincoln,
666; Lee's service in, 760; Burnside
serves in, 769; Bragg a leader in,
773; Meade's service in, 779; Lee's
and Grant's services in, 812; Han-
cock's service in, 930; battle of Palo
Alto (1846), 22, 316, 24, 547; battle
of Resaca de la Palma (1846), 22,
316, 24, 547; Taylor crosses the Rio
Grande and occupies Matamoras,
24, 548; siege and capitulation of
Monterey (1846), 548; battle of
Buena Vista (1847), 22, 309, 24, 548;
surrender of Vera Cruz (1847), 22,
322, 24, 549; rout of the Mexicans
at Cerro Gordo Pass, 22, 326, 24,
550; battle of Churubusco (Cheru-
busco) (1847), 22, 349, 24, 550; bat-
tle of Contreras (1847), 22, 345, 24,
550; battle of Molino del Rey
(1847), 22, 363, 24, 550; storming
of Chapultepec (1847), 22, 366, 24,
550; surrender of the City of Mex-
ico (1847), 22, 369, 24, 550; treaty
concluded at Guadalupe Hidalgo,
23 > 377, 2 4, 552; political conse-
quences of the war, 24, 550
Mexico, a political division of North
America: discovery and explora-
tion, 22, 3, 23, 38, 43; the arrival of
Cortez among the Aztecs, 22, 12;
the march on Tenochitlan, 18; the
submission of Montezuma, 25; the
revolt against the Spaniards, 33; the
successes of Cortez, 22, 39, 23, 39;
GENERAL INDEX
465
the conquest of the valley, 22, 44;
Spanish defeats and disaffections of
allies, 50; the capture of the capital,
58; the triumph ofCortez and his
last years, 66; Mexican monuments
and civilization, 20, 7, 22, 75, 23, 6;
condition under the colonial system,
22, 98; sketch of its history, 8, 519;
Antonio de Mendoza, first viceroy
of New Spain, 22, 106; Velasco and
Peralta, 116; the growth of com-
merce, 128; the explorations of the
Californias, 137; the canal of Hue-
huetoca, 145; the rising against
Gelves, 153; the Indian rebellions,
161; settlements in Texas, 183; de-
velopment of internal resources,
194; the effect of European wars on
colonial development, 223; spread
of the revolution against foreign
domination, 22, 233, 23, 445; the
success of the popular cause, 22,
247, 24, 532; struggles of the polit-
ical parties, 22, 261; refuses to sell
Texas, 24, 532; slavery abolished,
532; outbreak of the war with the
United States, 22, 278, 24, 545; oc-
cupancy of New Mexico and Cali-
fornia, 22, 294, 24, 548; General
Scott takes command in Mexico,
22, 301, 24, 549; affairs in the cap-
ital, 22, 310; the advance to the cap-
ital, 22, 321, 24, 549; the armistice
before the capital, 22, 351, 24, 550;
the fall of the capital, 22, 359, 24,
550; the Gadsden Treaty, 24, 641;
foreign intervention and the empire
under Maximilian, 22, 381, 24, 875;
the restoration of the Republic, and
reconstruction, 22, 398; commerce
and industry internal develop-
ment, 413; Yucatan, 423; settlement
of disputes with the United States,
24, 1055; arbitration treaty with the
United States, 1076
Mexico, City of (Tenochitillan), Mex-
ico: description of, at the time of
Cortez's entry, 22, 25; siege of
(1521), 22, 52, 23, 39; rebuilt, 23,
40; insurrection in (1692), 22, 181;
beautified, 192; taken by the Amer-
icans (1847), 22, 369, 24, 55o; by
the French (1863), 22, 387; by Diaz
(1867), 398; insurrection in (1871),
402
Mexico, University of, Mexico: con-
secrated and opened, 22, 117
Meyer, Bernhard (ca. 1840), Swiss
church official: leads the Ultramon-
tanists, 13, 547
Meyer, George von Lengerke (1858
), United States diplomat: aids
peace negotiations between Russia
and Japan, 7, 319
Meyer, Konrad Ferdinand (b. 1825),
Swiss poet and novelist: sketch of,
13, 584
Meyer, Valentine (18th century),
Swiss politician: tyranny of, 13,
499
Meza, General de (ca. i860), Danish
soldier: in the Slesvig-Holstein
War, 16, 274
Mezentsev, General (ca. 1880), Rus-
sian military officer: assassination
of, 15, 339
Mezieres, France: siege of (1521), 9,
138
Miamun I: see Ramses I
Miani, British India: battle of (1843),
5, 219
Miaotzu, The, Chinese tribe: account
of, 6, 94; campaigns against, 95;
treacherous conduct towards, 96,
125
Micca, Peter (ca. 1700), Italian sol-
dier: heroism of, at the siege of
Turin, 4, 329
Michael III (ca. 839-867), Emperor of
the East, 842-867; sends missiona-
ries to Moravia, 17, 31
Michael (VIII) Palaeologus (1234-
1282), Emperor of the East, 1259-
1282: recovers Constantinople, 2,
536
Michael (19th century), Grand Duke
of Russia: his campaign against
Turkey, 15, 278
Michael Angelo: see Buonarotti
Michael of the Peaked Beard (13th
century), Greek lord of Khirenkia:
account of, 14, 13
466
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Michael Angelo of the Reformation,
The: see Luther, Martin
Michael Beg (ca. 1420), Turkish com-
mander: commands Akindji, 14, 58
Michael Feodorovitch Romanov (ca.
1597-1645), Tsar of Moscow: elect-
ed to the throne, 15, 21
Michael Lattach: see Omar Pasha
Michael Nikolaivitch (19th century),
Grand Duke of Russia: at the battle
of Inkerman, 15, 316; sketch of,
352
Michael Obrenovitch, Prince (1825-
1868), prince of Servia: account of,
14, 465
Michael Oglu (ca. 1530), Turkish
chief: leads Turkish marauders, 14,
154
Michael Wisniowiecki (1669-1673),
King of Poland: reign of, 15, 382
Michaud, Claud Ignace Frangois
(1753-1835), French general: his
campaigns against the allied forces,
9, 290
Michel Angelo Buonaroti: see Buon-
arotti, Michael Angelo
Michel de l'Hopital (ca. 1560), French
statesman: opposes introduction of
the inquisition, 9, 151
Michelbourne, Sir Edward (ca. 1600),
English merchant: granted license
to trade with India, 5, 159
Michelena, General (ca. i860), South
American soldier: deserts Paez, 31,
98
Michelsen, Christian (1857 ), Nor-
wegian statesman: the king refuses
the resignation of, 16, 286
Michelson, Ivan Ivanovitch (1735-
1807), Russian general: invades
Moldavia and Wallachia, 14, 397;
saves Ufa, 15, 168; defeats Pugat-
chev, 170
Michelsson, Jon (ca. 1520), Scandina-
vian nobleman: influences the
Swedish peasants, 16, 151
Michigan, a state of the United States,
means " the lake country," called
the Lake State and the State of
Wolverines: relics of the Mound
Builders in, 23, 5; part of Massa-
chusetts, 317; negro rescues, 24,
616; first republican convention held
at Jackson, 644; opposes negro suf-
frage, 858; Blaine's campaign
speeches (1884), 947; Presidential
election of 1892, 992
Michmash, Asia Minor: battle of, 1,
382
Mickiewicz, Adam (18th century),
Slavonic poet: praises the Crimea,
15, 183
Middendorf, Alexander Theodore
(1815-1894), Russian explorer: ex-
plorations of, 16, 317
Middlesex, Lionel Cranfield, Earl of:
see Cranfield, Lionel, Earl of Mid-
dlesex
Middleton, David (ca. 1600), British
sea captain: commands voyage to
India, 5, 160
Middleton, Sir Henry (1570-1615),
English navigator: commands voy-
age to India, 5, 159, 160
Middleton, Thomas Fanshaw (1769-
1822), Anglo-Indian prelate: Bishop
of Calcutta, 5, 206
Middletown, New Jersey: settled, 23,
108
Midhat Pasha (1822-1884), Turkish
politician: his government in Bul-
garia, 15, 331; leads party of Young
Turkey, 14, 475; secures constitu-
tions, 478; fall of, 490
Midsunde, Denmark: siege of (1850),
16, 272
Mieczyslav (Milczyslaw) I, King of
Poland, 962-992 A. D.: marries Du-
brawka of Bohemia, 17, 63; em-
braces Christianity, 15, 372
Mifflin, Pennsylvania: captured by
British, 23, 260
Mifflin, Thomas (1744-1800), Amer-
ican patriot: plots against Wash-
ington, 23, 261
Mignet, Frangois Auguste Marie
(1796-1884), French historian: op-
poses the decrees of July 25, 1830,
9, 390
Mignon, Le: see Henry III, King of
France
Migrations: see Invasions, Barbarian
Miguel, Dom (1802-1866), son of
Joam VI of Portugal: intrigues of,
GENERAL INDEX
4,67
8, 5345 regency of, 535; usurps the
throne, 21, 168
Miguelde (ca. 1815), South American
patriot: death of, 21, 65
Mikawa, Japan: battle of (1335), 7,
88
Mikhailov, T. (ca. 1880), Russian an-
archist: execution of, 15, 339
Mikkelsen, Hans (ca. 1520), Danish
scholar: publishes a Danish New
Testament, 16, 193
Mikkelsen, Niels (ca. 1560), Danish
clergyman: persecution of, 16, 197
Milic of Moravia (Milicz of Krem-
sier) (d. 1374), a Bohemian preacher:
teachings of, 17, 119
Milan, Italy: founded, 3, 58; battle
of, 130; captured by the Romans,
109; as a republic, 4, 189; surrend-
ers to Frederick Barbarossa, 192;
sieges of (1158), 18, 150; (1162),
18, 151, 4, 193; statistical statement
of, 4, 207; internal strife (1220),
2U-; (1257), 217; conquered by the
French (1499), 291; (1796), 18, 360;
the plague of 1576, 4, 311; condition
of, at the beginning of the Napo-
leonic period, 17, 279; made capital
of the Cisalpine republic, 4, 343;
uprising in (1848), 17, 367
Milan (IV) Obrenovitch (1854-1901),
King of Servia: becomes prince of
Servia, 14, 465, 15, 343; declares
war on Bulgaria, 494
Milan, St. (St Aemilanus) (d. 484),
Christian martyr: sketch of, 8, 59
Milan, Duchy of, Italy: conquered by
the French (1796), 9, 136
Milan, Edict of, an edict proclaiming
toleration of the Christians, pro-
mulgated by Constantine and Licin-
ius (313 A. D.), 4, 116, 17, 15
Milan Decree, decree issued by Na-
poleon, prohibiting trade with Great
Britain (1807), 8, 485, 10, 473, 11,
560, 13, 268, 20, 142, 23, 407
Mildenhall, John (ca. 1600), English
diplomat: sent to India as ambassa-
dor, 5, 158
Mile Act, an act passed by the Privy
Council of Scotland, forbidding
ministers to come within twenty
miles of their former parishes, or
within three miles of any royal
burgh (1662), 12, 346
Miles, Nelson Appleton (1839 ),
United States Army commander:
his campaign in Porto (Puerto)
Rico, 8, 520, 22, 462, 24, 1030; his
campaign in Cuba, 20, 323; the
"embalmed beef" scandal, 24,
1034
Milesians, natives of Spain: settle in
Ireland, 12, 24
Milessino, General (18th century),
Russian army officer: befriends
Araktcheiev, 15, 202
Miletic (19th century), Austrian poli-
tician: imprisoned, 17, 420
Miletus, Asia Minor: settled by
Greeks under Neleus, 2, 55; pioneer
colony in Asia Minor, ,80; attacked
by Alyattes, 116; revolts from Per-
sia (500 B. C), 134; destruction of,
by Persians (494 B. C), 137; joins
the Athenians, 212; revolts from
Athens, 352; battle of, 354; taken by
Alexander, 489
Milhaud (early 19th century), French
army officer: at battle of Waterloo,
9, 363
Military Service, Roman: reformed by
Servius Tullius, 3, 18
Militia, United States; President's
power to call, established, 23, 366
Mill, John Stuart (1806-1873), Eng-
lish philosophical writer, logician,
and economist: sketch of, n, 613;
pleads for the Manchester Martyrs,
12, 235
Mill, Walter (16th century), Scotch
ecclesiastic: martyrdom of, 12, 312
Mill Spring, Kentucky: Confederates
hold, 24, 742
Mill-boy of the Slashes, The: see
Clay, Henry
Miller, Samuel Freeman (1816-1890),
American jurist: member of the
' Electoral Commission, 24, 913 note
Millesimo, Italy: battle of (1796), 9,
298
" Millions for defense, but not one
cent for tribute," 23, 374
Mills, Roger Quarles (1832 ),
468
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
American Democratic politician: in-
troduces tariff revision bill, 24, 964
Mills Bill, The, in United States his-
tory, a tariff bill passed by the
Democratic House, and rejected by
the Republican Senate: in Demo-
cratic platform (1888), 24, 966
Milner, Sir Alfred (1854 ), British
colonial officer: his negotiations
with President Kriiger, 19, 280, 20,
232
Milo (280 B. C.) General of Pyrrhus:
arrives in Tarentum, 3, 77
Milo, Titus Annius Papianus (d. 48
B. C.) Roman tribune: candidate
for consul (52 B. C), 3, 3*9
Miloradovitch, Count Michael Andrei-
vitch (1770-1825), Russian general:
at the surrender of Moscow, 15,
231; death of, 272
Milosh Kabilovic (14th century), Ser
vian nobleman: slays Murad at
Kosovo, 14, 36
Milosh Obrenovich (1780-1860), Ser-
vian prince: patriot, 14, 410; ex-
pelled from Servia, 443; recalled,
465
Miloslavskis, Russian faction: sketch
of, 15, 26, 27
Miltiades, an Athenian general: lived
about 500 B. C.J succeeded his
uncle, Miltiades, who had made
himself despot over the Chersonese
in Thrace; was appointed one of
the ten generals, who commanded
the Athenian army at the battle of
Marathon 490 B. C; in which he
distinguished himself by gaining a
signal victory; was unsuccessful in
the attack upon Paros and was
fined fifty talents, which he was
unable to pay; died about 489 B. C.
of a wound inflicted upon him in the
siege just named
Plans desertion of Darius, 2, 132;
sketch of, 158; commands at Mara-
thon, 166
Miltitz, Karl von (1781-1845), Ger-
man poet and musical composer:
his meeting with Luther, 18, 237
Milton, John (1609-1674): writes
" Areopagitica," n, 352; publishes
his " Paradise Lost," 391
Milutin, Dmitri (19th century), Rus-
sian statesman: becomes minister of
war, 15, 324
Milvian Bridge, Italy: battle of, 4,
118
Milwaukee, Minnesota: branch of the
Whiskey Ring, 24, 894
Mina, Francisco Xavier (1789-1817),
Spanish soldier: leader of reform
movement in Spain, 8, 493; in Mex-
ico, 22, 248; death of, 250
Minamoto, Clan of, Japanese family:
rise of, 7, 51
Minamoto-no-Hikaru (9th century A.
D.), Japanese prince: conspires
against Sugawara-no-Michizane, 7,
47
Minamoto-no-Kugyo (13th century),
Japanese prince: kills Minamoto-
no-Sanetomo, 7, 69
Minamoto-no-Noriyori (12th cen-
tury), Japanese officer: at battle of
Seta, 7, 62
Minamoto-no-Sanetomo ( 13th cen-
tury), Japanese prince: made sho-
gun, 7, 69; killed, 69
Minamoto-no-Tameyoshi ( 12th cen-
tury), Japanese prince: supports
plans of Emperor Sutoku, 7, 56
Minamoto-no-Tsunemoto (10th cen-
tury A. D.), Japanese prince, defeats
Minamoto-no-Sumitome, 7, 53
Minamoto-no-Yoriiye (13th century),
Japanese military commander, 1200-
1203: made generalissimo, 7, 68
Minamoto-no-Yorimasa (12th cen-
tury). Japanese prince: supports ac-
cession of Emperor Goshirakawa,
7, 56; plots against the Taira sway,
60
Minamoto-no-Yorinobu (ca. nth cen-
tury), Japanese prince: crushes re-
bellion of Taira-no-Tadatsune, 7,
S3
Minamoto-no-Yoritomo (12th cen-
tury), Japanese general and states-
man: leads rebellion, 7, 60; influ-
ence of, 65
Minamoto-no-Yoriyoshi (ca. nth cen-
GENERAL INDEX
469
tury), Japanese military com-
mander: crushes insurrection in
Mutsu, 7, 54
Minamoto-no-Yoshiiye (ca. nth cen-
tury), Japanese prince: crushes re-
volt of the Kiyowdra family, 7, 54
Minamoto-no-Yoshinaka (12th cen-
tury), Japanese chief: leads rebel-
lion, 7, 60; defeats Taira forces, 61;
defeated by revolted followers, 62
Minamoto-no-Yoshitomo (12th cen-
tury), Japanese prince: supports ac-
cession of Emperor Goshirakawa,
7, 56; rebellion of, 57
Minamoto-no-Yoshitsune (12th cen-
tury), Japanese general: at battle
of Seta, 7, 62; story of, 65
Minamoto-no-Yukiiye (12th century),
Japanese prince: attempts to over-
throw the Taira family, 7, 60
Minas Geraes, South America: organ-
ized, 30, 105; insurrection of (1789),
106; insurrection in (1841), 31, 170;
foreign element in, 251
Minas, Marquis das (early 17th cen-
tury), Portuguese officer: in war of
Spanish Succession, 8, 393
Mincho Chodensu (early 15th cen-
tury), Japanese painter: sketch of,
7, 106
Mincio, Italy: battle of the, 4, 329
Mindarus (early 5th century B. C.)
Spartan commander: on the Helles-
pont, 3, 364; slain, 365
Minden, Prussia: battle of (1759), 9,
245, 11, 501, 18, 339
Minesota Mine, Wisconsin: mem
tioned, 23, 6
Ming Dynasty, The, a royal family of
China: founded by Hungwu, 6, 27;
culture of, 32, 39
Minicki (18th century), Polish pre-
tender to the Russian throne: con-
spiracy of, 15, III
Minin, Kozma (early 17th century),
Russian insurgent: directs a popu-
lar rising, 15, 20
Ministry of All the Talents, a minis-
try in England formed out of vari-
ous parties and headed by Lord
Grenville (1806): rule of, n, 557
Minneapolis, Minnesota: Republican
convention (1892), 34, 989
Minnesota, one of the United States,
means " sky-tinted water," called
the Gopher State: affected by Mis-
souri Compromise, 33, 456; admit-
ted, 34, 664; opposes negro suf-
frage, 858; in election (1904), 1072
"Minnesota," American frigate: in
the battle of Hampton Roads, 24,
755
Minorites, Friars: organized, 11, 132
Minos, legendary ruler: prehistoric
king of Crete, 3, 19, 22
Minstrels, wandering poets and ballad
singers of the Middle Ages: wel-
comed in England, II, 55
Minto, Gilbert John Murray Kynyn-
mound Elliot, Earl of (1847 ),
English statesman: his governor-
generalship of India, 5, 306, 309
Minturnae, Italy: established, 3, 73
Minucius, Marcus (2nd century B.
C.) Roman commander: defeats the
Scordisci, 3, 192
Minucius, Marcus Rufus (3rd century
B. C), Roman general: made co-
dictator with Fabius, 3, 120
Minuit, Peter (1580-1641), first Dutch
governor of New Netherlands: pur-
chases Manhattan Island from In-
dians, 23, 102; founds Wilmington,
108
Minutemen, an American colonial or-
ganization: organized, 23, 226; at
battles of Lexington and Concord,
227
Miquelon, island in the Gulf of St.
Lawrence: retained by France in
Treaty of Paris, 23, 198; history of,
20, 268
Mir Jafar (late 18th century), Indian
prince: claims throne of Bengal, 5,
183; dethroned, 186; restored, 187;
bequeathes a legacy to Clive, 188
Mir Jumla (late 17th century), Indian
general: his campaigns in the north
of India, 5, 123
Mir Kasim (late 18th century), Indian
commander: made nawab of Ben-
gal, 5, 186; deposed, 187
470
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Mir Wais (early 18th century),
Afghan leader: founds Afghan king-
dom, 5, 348
Mirabeau, Gabriel Honore Riquetti,
Count (1749-1791), French orator
and revolutionist: elected member
of the States-General, 10, 39; at the
meeting of the assembly (1789), 9,
263, 10, 52; suggests address to be
presented to king, 10, 54; his efforts
in favor of the court, 9, 269, 10, 68;
sketch of, 10, 84; foretells fate of
the king, 98; his greatest speech,
100; his opinion on the renewal of
the assembly, 114; attempts to give
the revolution stability, 116; upholds
the vetoing power of the king, 119;
urges admission of ministers to the
assembly, 124; opposes fugitive law,
130; death of, 83, 130
Miraflores, Peru, South America: oc-
cupied by the Chilians (1881), 21,
238
Miramar, Treaty of, agreement con-
cluded between the Emperor of
France and Maximilian, Archduke
of Austria (1864), 22, 389
Miramon, Miguel (1832-1867), Mexi-
can general: heads the clerical party
in Mexico, 24, 875; in the Reform
War, 22, 383; death of, 397
Miranda, Francisco Antonio Gabriel
(1756-1816), Spanish-American rev-
olutionist: joins Bolivar, 21, 59; his
campaign against the allied powers,
10, 246; death of, 60
Miro (10th century), Count of Barce-
lona, 912-928 A. D. : reign of, 8, 224
Miromesnil, Hue of (1 723-1 796),
French statesman: made keeper of
the seals, 9, 253
Mirovich (d. 1764), Russian officer:
plot of, 15, 163
Mirror of Justice, The: see Victoria
Misa-Hoehe, Africa: founded, 19, 180
Miskolcz, Austria: battle of (1849),
15, 302
Mission Conception, Texas: battle of
(1835), 24, 533
Missionaries in China: first sent to
China, 6, 18; success of Ricci, 38;
dissensions among, 40, 74; jealousy
of, 81; difficulties of, 83, 228; at-
tacks on, 145; murdered at Hwa-
shan, 263; troubles of, in Shantung
province, 297; murdered at Yung
Ch'ing Hsin, 300; Boxer atrocities
against, 304; befriended by Tuan
Fang, 305
Missionary Ridge, Tennessee: Con-
federates occupy, 24, 784; Sherman
sent to take, 785
Missions: see Religion
Mississippi, one of the United States,
from the Indian " Miche Sepe,"
meaning " father of waters," called
The Bayou State and The Tadpole
State: admitted, 23, 442, 452; slave
state, 452; included in land ceded by
Georgia, 469; makes judiciary de-
partment elective, 480; separated
from Georgia, 24, 567; first legal
execution, 585; protests against ex-
clusion of slavery from territories,
610; senators advocate secession
(1850), 611; movement toward in-
vasion of Cuba, 643; military appro-
priation following John Brown's
raid, 676; delegates withdraw from
Democratic convention (i860), 679;
secession, 668; operations of Civil
War in northern part of, 77 y, sur-
render of Confederate forces, 814;
prohibitions against freedmen, 843;
under military rule, 847; readmitted,
848; in Presidential election of
1868, 860; sends "carpet bag" rep-
resentatives to Congress, 862; read-
mitted to representation, 863; effects
of Reconstruction in, 864; end of
"carpet-bag" rule in, 873; negro
franchise, 873; yellow fever epi-
demic, 923
Mississippi River, United States: De
Soto crosses, 23, 42; navigation of,
disputed, 321; navigation privileges
secured, 364, 395; Treaty of Ghent,
429; in campaign against Vicksburg,
24, 775
Mississippi Valley, United States: ex-
plored by French, 23, 51; develop-
ment of, 442
GENERAL INDEX
471
Mississippi Valley, The Queen of the:
see St. Louis
Missolonghi, Greece: siege of (1826),
2, 417; death of Byron at, 542; de-
fense of, 544
Missouri, one of the United States,
means " muddy water," called The
Pennsylvania of the West and The
Pike State: seeks admission, 23,
442, 453, 24, 568; bill to admit, 23,
453; dispute over constitution, 455;
organized as a territory, 24, 568;
Blue Lodges organized, 24, 648; in-
terferes with elections in Kansas,
648; Presidential election of i860,
683; Confederates attempt to win
adhesion of, 721; operations of 1861-
1862, 740; Fremont places under
martial law, 741; Liberal Republi-
can movement originates in, 890;
railroad strikes (1877), 919; Mor-
mons migrate to, 982; Presidential
election of 1904, 1072
Missouri Compromise, a political
agreement regarding the extension
of slavery in the United States: ac-
count of, 23, 450; adopted, 455; ef-
fects on North and South, 456;
attempt to repeal it, 24, 631; de-
clared unconstitutional by Taney's
decision, 660; modified by Kansas-
' Nebraska Act, 660
Mita (Midas) (ca. 700 B. C), King of
the Moschi: reign of, I, 142
Mita, The, a system established by
Charles V of Spain, by which In-
dian laborers were obtained in
South America: description of, 21,
44
Mitchell, Sir Andrew (1695-1771),
English envoy: at the Prussian
court, 15, 146, 148
Mitchell, John (1815-1875), Irish revo-
lutionist: leader of Young Ireland
Party, 12, 227; sketch of, 229:
founds " The United Irishman,"
231; later career of, 232
Mithradates I (171-ca. 138 B. C),
Parthian king: founds Parthian
kingdom, 3, 167
Mithradates, son of Phraates (ca. 55
B. C), Parthian ruler: career of, 3,
322
Mithradates (Mithridates) (VI) Eu-
pator (ca. 132-63 B. C), King of
Pontus: at war with Rome, 2, 521,
3, 208, 215; sketch of, 213; concludes
peace through Sulla, 219; war with
Murena, 229; revolts against Rome,
258; rupture with Tigranes, 273; war
with Pompeius, 273; death of, 273
Mithrades of Pergamus (ca. 50 B. C),
Asiatic soldier: comes to the aid of
Caesar, 3, 353; receives kingdom of
Bosporus, 354
Mitre, Bartolome (1821-1894), Argen-
tine general, statesman, journalist,
and author: sketch of, 21, 118; de-
feated by Urquiza, 129; appointed
generalissimo of the troops of Uru-
guay and Argentina, 131; leads in-
surrection, 135; revolts against
Avellaneda, 256
Mitton, Chapter of, Great Britain: bat-
tle of (1319), 12, 282
Mitylene, Island of Lesbos (Mity-
lene), Aegean Sea: founded, 2, 53;
joins Ionic revolt, 138; besieged by
Spartans, 371; revolts from Athens,
291; siege of (428-427 B. C),
292; joins naval league, 429
Miura (19th century), Japanese major
general: campaign, 7, 179
Miura Yoshimura (13th century), Jap-
anese lord: duplicity of, 7, 71
Miyako (8th century A. D.), Empress-
dowager of Japan: her devotion to
Buddhism, 7, 32
Miyoshi (19th century), Japanese ma-
jor general: his campaign against
Saigo, 7, 179
Miyoshi Yasunobu (12th century),
Japanese judiciary: made minister
of justice, 7, 68
Mizirli Zade Ibrahim (17th century),
Turkish commander: made chief
naval commander, 14, 258
Mizon, Lieutenant (ca. 1900), French
naval officer: his African expedition,
19, 161
Mizra Taki (Amirun Nizam) (early
19th century), Persian commander:
472
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
becomes vizier, 5, 362; sketch of,
363
Moawiyah (d. 680 A. D.), Caliph, 661-
680 A. D.: rebellion of, 1, 246;
sketch of, 247; attempts conquest of
Africa, 303; plans capture of Con-
stantinople, 327
Mobile, Alabama: Confederate strong-
hold, 24, 798
Mobile Bay, Gulf of Mexico: Farra-
gut's victory in (1864), 24, 798; po-
litical effect of victory, 801
Mockern, Germany: battle of (1813),
18, 382
Modena, Italy: internal strife, 4, 211;
revolt of (1831), 17, 327; Austrians
driven out (1848), 367
Modern Babylon, The: see London,
England
Modern Charlemagne, The: see Na-
poleon (I) Bonaparte, Emperor of
the French
Modern Nimrod, The: see Napoleon
(I) Bonaparte, Emperor of the
French
Modoc Indians, North America: at
war with the United States, 24, 904
Modon, Greece: taken by the Rus-
sians (1770), 15, 178
Moersbergen (17th century), Dutch
patriot: arrest of, 13, 201
Moesia, province of the Roman Em-
pire: occupied by the Ostrogoths,
17, 16; settled by Servians, 22
Moffat, J. Smith (19th century), Eng-
lish diplomat: his mission to Mata-
beleland, 19, 219
Moffat, Robert (1795-1883), Scottish
missionary: effect of his work in
Africa, 19, 215
Mogador, Morocco: bombarded
(1844), 9, 423
Moggors-dorf, Austria-Hungary: de-
struction of (1664), 14, 240
Mogul Dynasty, a ruling dynasty in
India: reign of, 5, 109
Moguls, Asiatic tribe: invade India,
5, 97
Mohacs (Mohatz), Hungary: battles
of (1521), 17, 168, 169; (1526), 14,
152, 17, 150; (1683), 17, 230; (1687),
1 8, 303
Mohammed (Mahomet) (ca. 570-632),
the founder of Islam: sketch of, 5,
88; genealogy of, 1, 205; career of,
206, 5, 321; his successors and the
spread of Islam, 1, 242, 2, 533
Mohammed (I) ben Abderalman,
Caliph of Cordova, 852-886: reign
of, 8, 74
Mohammed II, Caliph of Cordova,
1009: usurps throne, 8, 79, 81
Mohammed (I) ben Alhamar, King
of Granada, 1238-1273: accession of,
8, 103; reign of, 104
Mohammed II, King of Granada,
1273-1302: reign of, 8, 109
Mohammed (III) Abu Abdalla, King
of Granada, 1302-1309: reign of, 8,
no
Mohammed (IV) ben Ismail, King
of Granada, 1325-1333: reign of, 8,
in
Mohammed (V) ben Yussef, King of
Granada, 1354-1359= reign of, 8, 115;
aids Pedro the Cruel, 170
Mohammed (VI) ben Yussef, King
of Granada, 1396-1408: reign of, 8,
117
Mohammed (Muley) (VII) ben Yus-
sef, surnamed El Hayzari, King of
Granada, 1423-1427, 1429-1445: reign
of, 118
Mohammed (VIII) el Zaquir (d.
1445), King of Granada: reign of, 8,
118
Mohammed (IX) ben Osmin, King
of Granada, 1445: 8, 119
Mohammed (X) ben Ismail (d. 1466),
King of Granada: revolt of, 8, 119;
accession and reign of, 120
Mohammed (Mahomet) I, Sultan of
Turkey, 1413-1421; escapes from
Timur to Amassia, 14, 50; contends
for sovereignty with brothers, 52;
reign of, 54; death of, 57
Mohammed (II) the Conqueror (ca.
1430-1481), Sultan of Turkey, 1451-
1481: reign of, 14, 71; conquests of,
*> 537; conquers Constantinople,
18, 220; threatens Italy, 4, 264; his
law respecting imperial fratricide,
14, 106: death of, 14, 87, 17, 164
Mohammed III (d. 1603), Sultan of
GENERAL INDEX
473
Turkey, I 595-1603: reign of, 14,
204; death of, 209
Mohammed IV (ca. 1641-1691), Sul-
tan of Turkey 1648-1687: accession
of, 14, 227; attacks Vienna, 18, 303;
deposed, 14, 251
Mohammed (early 18th century), a
Mogul shah: defeated by the Per-
sians, 5, 353
Mohammed (15th century), a Turkish
prince, son of Murad: becomes tem-
porary sovereign, 14, 64, 68
Mohammed (ca. 8th century), an
early Mohammedan leader: receives
the homage of the discontented
party, 1, 339
Mohammed, Mollah (19th century), a
Mohammedan religious fanatic: in-
cites insurrection in the Caucasus,
15, 298
Mohammed, Sad (Mirza) Ali: see Sad
(Mirza) Ali Mohammed
Mohammed Abu Abdalla, surnamed
Alnassir, Emir of Cordova, 1199-
1213: reign of, 8, 100; defeated at
Tolosa, 148
Mohammed Ali (18th century), Na-
bob of Arcot: claims throne of Ar-
cot, 5, 180; made nabob (1749), 20,
119
Mohammed Ali (Mehemet Ali) (1769-
1849), Viceroy of Egypt, called The
Napoleon of the East: account of,
14, 408; his campaign against the
Greeks, 417; assists Turks, 2, 543;
aims at Turkish sovereignty, 14,
433; reign of, 19, 267; sketch of, 1,
37
Mohammed Ali (Karl Detroit) (1807-
1865), a Turkish military leader:
commands in Bulgaria, 14, 481, 15,
334; at Berlin Congress, 487; re-
bels against Turkey, 15, 289; com-
pelled to make peace, 293
Mohammed Almoateded (nth cen-
tury), King of Seville: reign of, 8,
86
Mohammed Baltadji (early 18th cen-
tury), Grand Vizier of Turkey:
made vizier, 15, 58; defeats Peter
the Great, 16, 221; deposed, 14, 284
Mohammed ben Abdalla (early nth
century), King of Carmona: at war
with Mohammed ben Ismail ben
Abid, 8, 85
Mohammed ben Abdalla, surnamed
Almansor (939-1002), Prime Minis-
ter of Cordova: regent of Cordova,
8, 78; his campaigns against Leon,
138; his conquests in Portugal, 272
Mohammed ben Abdalla (late 9th cen-
tury), a prince of Mohammedan
Spain: rebellion of, 8, 75
Mohammed ben Abdalla (d. 1129), a
Moorish warrior and prophet: re-
bellion of, 8, 92
Mohammed ben Ferag (early 14th
century), uncle of Mohammed IV,
King of Granada: revolt of, 8, 112
Mohammed ben Gehwar, King of Cor-
dova, 1044-1060: reign of, 8, 86
Mohammed ben Hamed (early 16th
century), a Mohammedan chief:
leads rebellion against Portuguese
ruler in Africa, 8, 333
Mohammed ben Humeya (16th cen-
tury), proclaimed king of the Mo-
riscos, 8, 367
Mohammed ben Ismail ben Abid
(early nth century), King of Se-
ville: defeats Yahia, 8, 82; assumes
the powers of royalty, 85
Mohammed ben Mohammed (16th
century), King of West Morocco:
reign of, 8, 437
Mohammed Hasan Khan (18th cen-
tury), a Persian chief: reign of, 5,
355
Mohammed Khusruf (early 19th cen-
tury), a Turkish military leader:
driven from Cairo, 1, 37
Mohammed Mirza, Shah of Persia,
1832-1848: defeated by Russians, 5,
359; reign of, 360
Mohammed Nedim (19th century),
Grand Vizier of Turkey: reaction-
ary ministry of, 14, 473; dismissed,
475
Mohammed of Ghor (early nth cen-
tury), an Afghan chief: career of, 5,
94
Mohammed Sughlak, Sultan of India,
1325-1351: reign of, 5, 101
Mohammedan Anglo -Oriental College,
Aligarh, India: opened, 5, 256
Mohammedan Law: sources of, 14,
474
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
89; civil equality under, 97; im-
proved by Suleiman the Great, 184;
see also Government
Mohammedan Rebellion, The (1851):
account of, 6, 210
Mohammedans, followers of Moham-
med: rise of 14, 4; invade Egypt,
1, 6; conquer Egypt (639-641 A.
D-). * 355 conquer India, 5, 88; per-
secuted under T'ang Dynasty, 6,
15; tolerated by Kublai Khan, 23;
establish themselves in Yunnan,
210; attitude of Chinese toward,
228; crusades against, 2, 535; in
modern Greece, 548
Mohatz: see Mohacs
Mohican Indians, North America:
treaty with Plymouth, 23, 92
Mohilev (Mohileff), Russia: battles
of (1708), 15, 49; (1812), 10, 485
Moimir I (9th century A. D.), King
of Moravia: founds dynasty, 17, 30
Moimir II (ca. 900 A. D.), King of
Moravia: reign of, 17, 36
Moira, Francis Rawdon-Hastings,
Earl of: see Hastings, Francis Raw-
don-Hastings, Marquis of
Mokawkas (ca. 640 A. D.), Egyptian
ruler: pays tribute to the Saracens,
It 293
Moldavia, eastern Europe: revolts un-
der Murad III, 14, 204; seeks peace
with Turkey, 208; relation to Tur-
key, 365; occupied by the Dacians,
17, 11; invaded by the Slavs, 19
Mole, Edward (16th century), French
statesman: advises refusal of the
claims of Philip II of Spain to the
throne of France, 9, 168
Mole, Louis Matthieu, Count (1781-
1855), French politician: made min-
ister for foreign affairs, 9, 396; min-
istry of, 410; attempts to form a
ministry, 432
Molino del Rey, Mexico: battle of
(1847), 22, 363, 24, 550
Mollendo, Peru: blockaded (1879), 31,
235
Mollendorf, Richard Johann Heinrich
von (1724-1816), Prussian field mar-
shal: in Poland, 15, 189
Molleville, Bertrand de (1744-1818),
French statesman: chief tool of the
court, 10, 160
Mollie Maguires, The, a secret society
among the mining laborers of
Pennsylvania: sketch of, 24, 918
Mollwitz (Molwitz), Silesia: battle
of (1741), 9, 237, 18, 329
Molokani, Russian sect: description
of, 15, 34
Moltke, Count Helmuth Karl Bern-
hard von, a noted Prussian general:
born in Mecklenburg, 1800; was ap-
pointed major-general, 1856, and
lieutenant-general, 1859; was chief
of the royal staff and originated the
plan of campaign, which culminated
in the victory of Sadowa, 1866;
commanded the armies in France,
1870, and won many victories; be-
came count, 1870; was appointed
chief marshal of the German Em-
pire, 1871; received the order of St.
George from the Czar; died April
24, 1 89 1
In the Sleswig-Holstein War, 16,
271; at the battle of Sadowa (1866),
J 7, 392; prepares for war with
France, 18, 417, 420; in the Franco-
Prussian War, 9, 463, 18, 423;
quoted, 14, 421, 427, 480
Molucca Islands, Malay Archipelago:
conquered by the Dutch (1607), 20,
57; annexed to British empire
(1810), 5, 205
Molvitz or Molwitz: see Mollwitz
Molyneux, William (1656-1698), an
Irish philosopher: leader of Parlia-
mentary struggles, 12, 170
Mombasa, Africa: improved by Eng-
lish, 19, 186
Momemphis, Egypt: battle of, 1, 32
Mommu, Emperor of Japan, 697-708:
accession of, 7, 30
Monagas, Gregorio (1795-1858), Vene-
zuelan soldier and politician: made
president of Venezuela, 21, 96
Monagas, J. R. (d. 1868), Venezuelan
politician: made president of Vene-
zuela, 21, 103
Monagas, Tadeo (1784-1868), Vene-
zuelan general and politician: made
president of Venezuela, 21, 95
GENERAL INDEX
475
Monarch, The Merry: see Charles II,
King of England
Monarch, The Uncrowned: see O'Con-
nell, Daniel
Monarque, Le Grand: see Louis XIV,
King of France
Monastaries in England: suppression
of, II, 255
Moncada, Spain: siege of (1234), 8,
241
Moncey, Bon Adrien Jeannot de
(1754-1842), French officer: made
marshal of the empire, 9, 322;
made member of Louis XVIII's
council, 355
Monck, Viscount (late 19th century),
English statesman: governor-gen-
eral of Canada, 1861-1867, 20, 161
Monckton, Robert (1 726-1 782), Eng-
lish officer: victories over the
French (1755), 23, 180; takes Mar-
tinique, 20, 118
Monclova, Conde de (late 17th cen-
tury), Spanish statesman: made
viceroy of New Spain, 22, 179
Moncon, Treaty of, an agreement be-
tween France and Spain by which
the Valtelline was restored to the
Grisons (1625), 9, 183
Moncontour, France: battle of (1570),
9, 156
Mondejar, Marquis of (late 15th cen-
tury), Spanish statesman: presents
petition of Moriscos to Philip II,
8, 366
Mondovi, Italy: battle of (1796), 9,
298
Mondragon, Christopher (late 16th
century), Spanish officer: at the
siege of Middleburg, 13, 116
Money: see Coins and Coinage
Money, J. W. B. (early 19th century),
English geographer: influences
thought concerning the Dutch East
Indies, 20, 290
Mongolian Bonaparte, The: see Timur
the Lame
Mongols, Asiatic race: main treat-
ment of, 6, 17; wrest territory from
Turks, 14, 10; defeated by Ertog-
hrul in attack on Alaeddin, 10; de-
feated by Orkhan, 17; invade Hun-
gary, 17, 57; invade Moravia, 70;
see also Tatars
"Monitor," American war-ship: de-
scribed, 34, 755; naval duel with
" Merrimac," 756
Monk (Monck), George, Duke of
Albemarle (1608-1670), English
general: his campaign in Scotland,
iz> 343; in the war with the Dutch,
13, 230, 234; forces the dissolution
of the Long Parliament, 11, 374; re-
stores Charles II of England, 12,
344
Monk of Eisleben, The: see Luther,
Martin
Monk of Wittenberg, The: see Luther,
Martin
Monmouth, New Jersey: battle of
(1778), 23, 263
Monmouth, James Fitzroy, Duke of
(1649-1685), pretender to the Eng-
lish throne: his campaign against
the Scots, 11, 409, 12, 348; impli-
cated in the Rye House Plot, 11,
414; exiled to Holland, 415; rebellion
of, 11, 422, 12, 350
Monocacy, Maryland: battle of (1864),
24, 792
Monomotapa, Treaty of, agreement
concluded between Portugal and the
African state of Monomotapa
(1630), 19, 24
Monongahela River, United States:
bounds French claims, 23, 168
Mononobe-no-Moriya (6th century A.
D.), Japanese statesman: feud with
Soga-no-Umako, 7, 19
Mononobe-no-Okoshi (6th century A.
D.), Japanese statesman: opposes
the acceptance of Buddhism, 7, 15
Monro, General (17th century), Irish
officer: leader of the Irish Protes-
tants, 12, 118
Monroe, James, an American states-
man and the fifth President of the
United States: born in Virginia,
April 28, 1758; was educated at Wil-
liam and Mary College; entered the
army as a cadet and finally became
aide-de-camp to Lord Sterling;
served in Revolutionary War;
elected a member of the Assembly
476
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
of Virginia, 1782, and of the Gen-
eral Congress, 1783; was elected
Senator of the United States from
Virginia, 1790; was sent to France
as minister-plenipotentiary, 1794;
was Governor of Virginia, 1799-
1802; went to France as envoy-ex-
traordinary, 1802, to help negotiate
for the purchase of Louisiana; was
elected Governor of Virginia, 181 1,
and was Secretary of State, 181 1-
1817; and Secretary of War, 1814-
1815; became President of the
United States, 1816, and was re-
elected, 1820; was the author of the
famous Monroe Doctrine; retired,
1825, to Oak Hill, Virginia; was
chosen president of the convention
to revise the Constitution of Vir-
ginia; died in New York, July 4,
1831
Graduates from College of Wil-
liam and Mary, 23, 142; member
of Virginia ratification committee,
336; recalled from France, 373; ap-
pointed to act in Louisiana Pur-
chase, 396; envoy to Great Britain,
409; candidate for Presidency, 413;
nominated for President, 434;
sketch of, 434; veto on Cumberland
Road, 441; advocates protective tar-
iff, 456; sentiment prevents unan-
imous reelection, 459; views on in-
ternal improvements, 488
Monroe Doctrine, a declaration made
by President Monroe to the effect
that " the American continents
. . . are henceforth not to be
considered as subjects for coloniza-
tion by any European power "
(1823): compared with Washington's
Farewell Address, 23, 369; account
of, 448; status of, 448; French occu-
pation of Mexico, 24, 876, 877; the
Venezuelan affair, 1000; in Republi-
can platform (1904), 1063; Roose-
velt's conception of, 1067, 1073, 1077
Mons, Belgium: siege of (1572), 13,
113; battle of (1678), 241; siege of
(1691), 245; battle of (1793), 10,
276
Monscato, Portugal: battle of, 8, 393
Mons-en-Puelle, Belgium: battle of
(1304), 9, 187
Monserrat, one of the Antilles: dis-
covered, 31, 9
Monserrat, Joaquim de, Marques de
Cruillas (18th century), Spanish
statesman, viceroy of New Spain,
1760-1766: his administration, 22,
200
Monsieur, Peace of, agreement con-
cluded between the French govern-
ment and the Protestant reformers
(1576), 9, 159
Monsieur Veto: see Louis XVI, King
of France
Monstrelet, Enguerrand de (1590-
I 453), French chronicler: sketch of,
13, 62
Mont Lugon, Treaty of, a treaty be-
tween the Consulate and the leaders
of the insurrection (1800), 10, 441
Mont Pelee, Martinique, West Indies:
eruption of (1902), 20, 271
Montagu, Sir Edward, Earl of Man-
chester (Lord Kimbolton and
Viscount Mandeville) (1602-1671),
English general and statesman: im-
peached, 11, 343
Montague, Charles, Earl of Halifax
(1661-1715), English statesman:
Chancellor of the Exchequer, 11,
441; restores the currency, 444; re-
signs his office, 447; impeached, 450
Montague, John Nevill, Marquis of:
see Nevill, John, Marquis of Mon-
tague and Earl of Northumberland
Montague, Richard (early 17th cen-
tury), English clergyman: im-
peached, 11, 326
Montague, Thomas de: see Salisbury,
Earl of
Montalembert, Charles Forbes, Count
(1810-1870), French author: opposes
the September Laws, 9, 408
Montalivet, Camille de, Comte (1801-
1880), French statesman: becomes
minister of the interior, 9, 401; made
minister of the interior in Mole's
cabinet, 412
Montalvan, Spain: captured by Pedro
II of Aragon, 8, 237
Montana, one of the United States,
GENERAL INDEX
477
means "Mountainous": affected by-
Missouri Compromise, 23, 456; part
of Northwest Territory, 24, 631;
discovery of gold, 901; admitted to
the Union, 985; Presidential election
of 1900, 1040
Montanez, Juan de Ortega (late 17th
century), Bishop of Michoacan:
made viceroy of Mexico, 22, 183;
made viceroy a second time, 185
Montauban, France: siege of (1621),
9, 181
Montauban, Count of Palikao (late
19th century), French general: his
expedition to China, 9, 451; minis-
try of, 464
Montauk, Long Island, New York:
recuperation camp for soldiers es-
tablished, 24, 1030
Montayno, Jose (early 19th century),
Mexican insurgent: leads revolt, 22,
266
Montcalm, Gozon de Saint-Veran
Louis Joseph, Marquis de (1712-
I 759) French officer: commander-
in-chief of French forces in Amer-
ica, 11, 500, 23, 184; captures Fort
William Henry (1757), 23, 186; at
the battle of Quebec (1759), 20,
118, 23, 193; death of, 11, 500, 23,
. 197
Monte Caseros, Argentine Republic,
South America: battle of (1852), 21,
127
Monte Rotondo, Italy: battle of
(1867), 4, 392
Monteagudo, Don Pedro Sanchez de
(13th century), Spanish statesman:
regent of Navarre, 8, 207
Montebello, Italy: battles of (1800),
9, 316, 10, 439; (1859), 4, 373, 9, 450
Montecuccoli (Montecuculi), Count
Raimondo, Duke of Melfi (1608-
1680), Austrian general: account of
14, 237; campaigns of, 18, 301; his
campaign against the Turks, 17,
228; at battle of Saint-Gothard, 9,
208; his campaign against the
French, 211
Monteil, Colonel (late 19th century),
French officer: his campaign in
Africa, 19, 151
Monteil Terrier (late 18th century),
French statesman: made minister of
the interior, 10, 176
Montejo, Francisco (early 16th cen-
tury), Spanish voyager: his con-
quest of Yucatan, 22, 424
Montemart, Duke of (early 19th cen-
tury), French statesman: ordered to
form a ministry, 9, 391
Montenegro, Balkan Peninsula: trou-
bles in, 14, 448; declares war against
Turkey (1876), 17, 419
Montenegro (late 16th century), Span-
ish soldier: defends Amiens, 13, 164
Montenotte, Italy: battle of (1796), 9,
298, 17, 282
Montereau, France: battle of (1814),
9, 346, 10, 491, 18, 387
Monterey, California: a constitutional
convention meets at, 24, 598
Monterey, Mexico: founded, 22, 142;
siege of (1846), 22, 291, 24, 548
Monterroso, Spain: battle of (982 A.
D.), 8, 137
Montes, Jose Miguel Garcia (living),
Cuban statesman: chosen Secretary
of the Treasury, 22, 468
Montes, Ysmael (living), Bolivian
statesman: president of Bolivia
(1904 ), 21, 243
Montesquien, Charles de Secondat,
Baron de la Brede et de (1689-1755),
French author and statesman:
sketch of, 10, 13; his writings a
source of United States Constitu-
tion, 23, 330
Montesquion, Abbe de (early 19th
century), French statesman: mem-
ber of provisional government, 9,
349; made minister of the interior,
356
Montesquion, Marshal of (early 18th
century), governor of Brittany: his
government of Brittany, 9, 230
Monteverde, Juan Domingo (1772(F)-
1823), Spanish general: reconquers
Venezuela for Spain, 21, 60
Montevideo, Uruguay, South Amer-
ica: blockaded by an English squad-
ron (1804-1807), 21, 57; taken by
the revolutionists (1814), 64; an-
nexed to Brazil, 120; description of,
478
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
137; blockaded by the English and
French fleets (1842), 139; progress
of, 145
Montezuma II (1477-1520), Emperor
of Mexico, 1502-1520: communicates
with Cortez, 22, 16; meets Cortez,
22; submission of, 22, 25, 23, 39;
death of, 22, 38
Montezuma, Jose Sarmiento y Valla-
dares, Conde de (late 17th century),
viceroy of Mexico: made viceroy,
22, 184
Montfort, John de (John IV) (1293-
1345), Duke of Brittany, 1341-
1345: at war with Charles of Blois,
9, 93
Montfort, John de (John V), Duke of
Brittany, 1364-1399: plans assassina-
tion of Clisson (1392), 9, 108
Montfort, Simon, Count de (d. 1218),
French soldier, called the French
Maccabaeus: his crusade against the
Albigenses, 8, 238, 9, 78
Montfort, Simon de, Earl of Leicester
(1208-1265), English soldier and
statesman: his early career, 11, 134;
joins baronial party against the
king, 136; surrenders his castles,
138; takes arms against king, 139;
made elector, 140; defeated at Eve-
sham, 141
Montgomery, Alabama: first Confed-
erate congress meets at, 24, 692;
capital of Confederacy, 693
Montgomery, Gabriel (ca. 1530-1574)
French commander: death of, 9
159
Montgomery, Richard (1736-177S)
Irish-American soldier, called Th
Wolf of America: captures Mon-
treal, 23, 234; death of, 235
Montgomery, Sir Robert (1 809-1 887),
British administrator in India:
sketch of, 5, 222
Monti, Vincenzo (1754-1828), Italian
poet: sketch of, 4, 409
Monticello, Virginia: home of Jeffer-
son, 23, 384
Montiel, Spain: battle of (1369), 9,
104
Montigny, Florence de Montmorency
Baron de (16th century), Flemish
nobleman: ambassador to Spain, 13,
90
Montlhery, France: battle of (1465),
9, 122
Montlosier (early 19th century),
French statesman: opposes the
Jesuits, 9, 384
Montluc, Blaise de Laiseran-Massen-
come, Seigneur de (1501-1577),
French marshal: at siege of Sienna,
9, 147
Montmartre, France: storming of
(1814), is, 262
Montmedy, France: camp established
at, by General Bouille, for the re-
ception of the king, 10, 137
Montmirail, France: battle of (1814),
9, 346, 15, 261
Montmirail, Peace of, a treaty which
ended the contest over the dowry
of the infant daughter of Louis VII
of France on her marriage to the
son of Henry II of England (1169),
9, 74
Montmorency, Anne, Due de (1493-
1567), French soldier, called The
Fabius of France: saves Mezieres,
9, 138; influence of, over Henry II
of France, 145; plots against the
Guises, 149; plots a massacre of the
Protestants, 9, 154
Montmorency, Henry II, Duke of
(1595-1632), French soldier: re-
bellion and death of, 9, 188
Montmorency, Viscount Matthieu de
(1766-1821), French statesman:
made minister for foreign affairs, 9,
378; at the Congress of Verona, 379
Montmorin, Armand Marc, Comte de
(1745-1792), French statesman:
commissioned by the assembly to
inform the European powers of its
pacific intentions, 10, 137
Montojo, Admiral (late 19th century),
Spanish naval officer: at battle of
Manilla Bay, 8, 520, 24, 1028
Montoku, Emperor of Japan, 9th cen-
tury A. D. : birth of, 7, 45
Montpensier, Anne Marie Louise d'
Orleans, Duchesse de (1627-1693),
French partisan: aids Conde, 9, 204
Montpensier, Antoine Marie Philippe
GENERAL INDEX
479
Louis d'Orleans, Due de (1824-
1890), French soldier: marries
Louisa of Spain, 8, 501
Montpensier, Gilbert de (late 15th
century), French soldier: made vice-
roy of Italy, 9, 131
Montreal, Canada: attempt to settle,
23, 46; founded, 20, 82; taken by the
English (1760), 118; made seat of
Canadian government, 158; plan to
attack, 23, 158; failure of attack on
(1690), 159; in French claims, 168;
surrenders to English (1760), 197;
captured by General Montgomery
(1775), 234
Montrose, James Graham, Marquis of
(1612-1650), Scottish general: re-
bellion of, II, 352, 12, 337 ; death of,
12, 342
Monts, Pierre de, French Huguenot
explorer: receives grant of Acadia,
20, 83, 23, 49
Montsabert (late 18th century),
French jurist: arrest of, 9, 259
Montt, Jorje (late 19th century), Chil-
ian statesman: chosen president of
Chili, 21, 239; administration of,
240
Montt, Manuel (early 19th century),
Chilian statesman: administration
of, as president, 21, 218
Monzon, Spain: siege of (1089), 8,
232
Mookerheyde, Holland: battle of
(1574), 13, 117
Moore, Sir Garrett (early 17th cen-
tury), English diplomat: his mission
to Hugh O'Neill, 12, 106
Moore, Sir John (1761-1809), British
general: aids Sweden, 16, 251; his
campaign in the Spanish peninsula,
8, 486, 529, 9, 334, 11, 563
Moore, Thomas (1779-1852), Irish
poet: effect of his writings on Cath-
olic emancipation, 12, 222
Moore's Creek, North Carolina: bat-
tle of (1776), 23, 236
Mopsuestia, Asia Minor: siege of, 1,
368
Moquya, Valley of, Chili: occupied
by the Chilians (1880), 21, 236
Mora, Mexico: massacre of (1847),
22, 305
Mora y Villamil, General (early 19th
century), Mexican officer: concludes
an armistice with General Scott, 22,
352
Moraes Barros, Prudente de (late 19th
century), Brazilian statesman, pres-
ident of Brazil, 1894-1898: election,
21, 254
Morales (living), president of the Do-
minican republic: seeks aid from
the United States, 22, 504
Morales, Agustin (late 19th century),
South American statesman: presi-
dent of Bolivia (1871-1873), 21, 190
Morat Murten, Switzerland: battles of
(1476), 9, 124, 13, 47, 408, 18, 218;
(1802), 13, 518; insurrection in
(1830), 535
Morat, Peace of, agreement by which
Rudolf III of Hapsburg acquired
the domains of the Kiburgs (1267),
13, 361
Morava, river of Austria: battle of,
17. 73
Moravia, south-eastern Europe: relics
of the stone age found in, 17, 10;
occupied by the Marcomanni, 13;
the Slav apostles, 29; invaded by
the Magyars, 34; conquered by the
Magyars, 42; part of, conquered by
Hungary, 47; invaded by the Mon-
gols, 70; joined to duchy of Austria,
106; invaded by the king of Poland,
142; united to Hungary (1475), 163;
under the Counter-Reformation, 17.
209; citizens of, as American colo-
nists, 23, 127; in the struggle
against the French Revolution, 17,
286; under the dual system of gov-
ernment, 404
Moravian Brothers, religious sect in
Moravia in the 15th century: rise of,
17, 145
Moray, Randolf, Earl of (d. 1332),
Scotch nobleman: created earl, 12,
282; made regent of Scotland, 285
Morbegno, Switzerland: battle of
(1635), 9, 191
Mordaunt, Charles, Earl of Peter-
borough (1658-1735), an English
general and admiral: his campaign
in Spain, 8, 394, 9, 222, 13, 250
More, James (early 18th century),
480
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
English soldier in the American
colonies: repels Tuscaroras, 23, 74
More, Sir Thomas (1480-1535), Eng-
lish scholar and statesman: his
' Utopia," II, 239; knighted and
made a Privy Councilor, 240;
speaker of Parliament, 241; Renais-
sance and, 243; sketch of, 249; im-
prisoned, 254; death of, 255
Morea, The, Greece: lost by Venice,
14, 286; in Peace of Passarowitz,
291; recovered by Turkey, 2, 536,
14, 344; revolts from Turks, 2, 542;
evacuated by Turks, 545
Moreau, Jean Victor (1761-1813),
French soldier: his campaign
against the allied forces, 9, 289, 18,
3S9> 364; his campaign against the
Austrians, 9, 299; appointed by Bon-
aparte to command the army of
the Rhine, 10, 438; his campaigns
under the consulate, 9, 316; his cam-
paign in western Germany, 17, 285;
plots against Napoleon's life, 9, 321
Morell, P. Gall (late 19th century),
Swiss chaplain: sketch of, 13, 584
Morelos y Pavon, Jose Maria (1765-
1815), Mexican patriot: in Hidalgo's
rebellion, 22, 241; sketch of, 242;
death of, 246
Moreno, Gabriel Garcia (1821-1875),
Ecuadorian politician: made presi-
dent of Ecuador, 21, 111; sketch of,
in; second administration of, 116;
death of, 116, 244
Moret (living), Spanish statesman:
forms cabinet, 8, 522
Moret Law, abolished slavery in Cuba
for all negroes born after 1868
(1870), 20, 327
Morey Letter, The, a forged letter
purporting to have been written by
General Garfield advocating Chinese
immigration (1876), 24, 931
Morgan, Daniel (1736-1802), Ameri-
can soldier: estimate of, 23, 234; in
the Southern campaign, 279; at bat-
tle of Cowpens, 281; at battle of
Guilford Court House, 281
Morgan, Sir Henry (ca. 1637-1690),
Welsh buccaneer: captures Porto
Bello and Panama, 20, 69
Morgan, Sir Thomas (d. ca. 1679),
English soldier: his campaign in the
Highlands, 12, 344
Morgan, William (ca. 1775-1826),
American mechanic: and Masonic
order, 23, 498
Morgarten, mountain in Switzerland:
battle of (1315), called The Mara-
thon of Switzerland, 13, 364, 18,
187; battle of (1798), 13, 514
Morgen, Kurt Ernst (1858 ), Ger-
man explorer: his expedition in
Africa, 19, 178
Mori Motonari (16th century), Japa-
nese financier: provides coronation
expenses for Emperor Ogimachi, 7,
100
Mori Terumoto (late 16th century),
Japanese statesman: member of
council of state, 7, 114; at battle of
Sekizahara, 123
Mori Yoshichika, Lord of Choshu
(19th century), Japanese baron: at-
tempts to restore tranquillity to
Japan, 7, 161; expelled from Kyoto,
163
Moriale Monreal, Fra (d. 1354), Ital-
ian freebooter: leader of band of
robbers, 4, 252
Morier (early 19th century), English
statesman: negotiates Treaty of
Teheran, 5, 360
Morillo, Pablo (1777-1838), Spanish
general: captures Cartagena, 21, 64;
recalled from South America, 72;
quiets disturbances at Madrid, 8,
495
Morinaga, Prince (early 14th century),
son of Japanese Emperor Godaigo:
made abbot of Emyaku-ji, 7, 84; his
campaigns against the Hojo, 85;
fate of, 87
Morifiigo (living), Paraguayan states-
man: president of Paraguay, 21, 260
Moriscos, Moors Christianized by
force: revolt of (1567), 8, 366; ex-
pelled from Spain (1611), 20, 104
Moritz, Landgraf of Hesse (late 16th
century), German evangelical
prince: Charles IX's relations with,
16, 172
Moritzburg, Saxony, palace built by
GENERAL INDEX
481
Frederick Augustus, Elector of Sax-
ony: erection of, 18, 306
Morley Act, an act which gave greater
advantages in applying the Balfour
act of 1891 (1896), 12, 242 note
Mormons, a religious sect founded by
Joseph Smith: account of, 24, 981
Mormont, France: battle of (1814), 9,
346
Morner, Baron Karl Otto (early 19th
century), Scandinavian diplomat:
mission of, 16, 253
Morning Star of Reformation, The:
see Wycliffe, John
Morny, Charles Auguste Louis Joseph,
Duke of (1811-1865), French politi-
cian: assists schemes of Napoleon
III, 9, 442
Morocco, Africa: siege of, 8, 97;
French claims in, 19, 246; immunity
purchased from, 23, 394
Morosini, Francesco (1618-1694), Ve-
netian general: his campaign against
the Turks, 4, 325, 14, 243; conquests
in the Morea, 14, 251, 256; death of,
285
Moroto (early 19th century), Spanish
soldier: leader of Carlists, 8, 498
Morris, Gouverneur (1752-1816)
American statesman: graduates
from King's College, 23, 140; in
Constitutional Convention, 324; pre-
pares final draft of Constitution,
334; plans a decimal system of cur-
rency, 353
Morris, Sir John Henry (1828 ),
English statesman: sketch of, 5,
252
Morris, Judah (early 18th century),
Hebrew scholar in America: profes-
sor of Hebrew at Harvard, I, 425
Morris, Lewis (1726-1798), American
patriot and signer of the Declara-
tion of Independence: buys books
in London, 23, 144
Morris, Robert, an American financier
and statesman, a signer of the Dec-
laration of Independence: born in
England, January 20, 1734; went to
America and engaged in the mer-
cantile business; was a delegate to
Congress, 1775, and signed the Dec-
laration of Independence; became
superintendent of finance, 1781, and
was of inestimable service to the
patriots; staked his private fortune
as security for supplies; established
the Bank of North America, 1781;
resigned his position, 1784; was a
member of the Convention, which
framed the Constitution of the
United States, 1787; was elected a
Senator of the United States, 1788;
was imprisoned for debt; died in
Philadelphia, 1806
Made Superintendent of Finance,
23, 293; career of, 313; in Constitu-
tional Convention, 324; in first Con-
gress, 342; offered office of Secre-
tary of the Treasury, 344
Morris Island, South Carolina: bat-
tery fires on " Star of the West," 24,
704
Morrison, George Ernest (1862 ),
English newspaper correspondent:
on substance of Chino-Japan treaty,
6, 316
Morrison's Brigade, Union company
in the Civil War: at siege of Fort
Donelson, 24, 744
Morristown, New Jersey: Washing-
ton establishes winter-quarters at,
23, 250
Mortara, Italy: battle of, 4, 174
Mortensen, Klaus (16th century),
Danish cooper: preaching of, 16,
193
Mortier, fidouard Adolphe Casimir
Joseph (1768-1835), French mar-
shal: made marshal of the empire,
9, 322; his campaign in Hanover,
18, 366; in the retreat from Mos-
cow, 15, 240
Mortier, fidouard Adolphe Casimir Jo-
seph: see Trevisa, Duke of
Mortimer, Edmund, Earl of March
(ca. 1390-1424), English prince:
heir to English throne, 11, 187; un-
der custody, 191; Henry V releases,
196; conspires for throne, 197
Mortimer, Roger, first Earl of March
(1287-1330), English politician: con-
spires against Edward II of Eng-
land, 11, 154; rules England, 156;
executed, 156
Mortimer, Roger, Earl of March (d.
482
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
1387), English statesman: chosen as
heir of Richard II, 11, 187; his ca-
reer in Ireland, 12, 68
Mortimer's Cross, England: battle of
(1461), 11, 212
Mortmain, Statute of, in English his-
tory, a statute forbidding the gift
of land to the clergy: enacted
(1279), 11, 145; reenacted (1391),
183
Morton, James Douglas, Earl of
(1530-1581), regent of Scotland:
concerned in murder of Rizzio, 12,
316; sponsor for James VI of Scot-
land, 318; made regent, 323
Morton, J. Sterling (1832-1902),
American statesman: Secretary of
Agriculture, 24, 993 note
Morton, Levi Parsons (1824 ),
American banker and politician:
nominated Vice-President, 24, 965
Morton, Oliver Perry (1823-1877),
American senator: war governor of
Indiana, 24, 818; candidate for
President (1876), 907; member of
the Electoral Commission, 913 note;
chairman of Chinese immigration
committee, 921
Morton, Thomas (1590-1645), English
colonist in America: names Merry-
mount, 23, 85
Morutzi, Prince (ca. 1800), governor
of Wallachia: deposed as hospodar,
14, 396
Moscow, Russia, called the Martyr
City, the City of Forty Times Forty
Churches, the Jerusalem of Russia,
and the Holy Mother of the Rus-
sians: captured by Jenghiz Khan, 6,
18; burned by the Khan of the Cri-
mea (1571), 14, 194; growth of, 15,
12; becomes the center of the Greek
Church, 14; patriarchate of, estab-
lished, 19; metropolitan appointed
for, 73; the court of Peter II at,
96; Napoleon's expedition against,
*7> 35.' Russians abandon, 15, 228;
taking of, 10, 485; Napoleon in,
18, 380; burning of, 15, 233; strife
in (1906), 366
Moscow, University of: founded
(1755), 15, 149
Moseilama (7th century A. D.), Ara-
bian chief: teachings of, 1, 255
Moses (ca. 1280 B. C), lawgiver and
organizer of Israelitish nation: ca-
reer of, 1, 374
Moses ben Maimon: see Maimonides
Moslemah (d. ca. 740 A. D.), Saracen
general: besieges Constantinople, 1,
330
Mosquera, Tomas Cipriano (1798-
1878), Colombian general and poli-
tician: elected president of Colom-
bia (1830), 21, 83; (1864), 89; op-
poses the conservatives, 86; leads
civil war, 87; wins the battle of
Cuaspud, 88; exiled from Colombia,
90; attempts to reorganize the old
Republic of Colombia, 112
Moss, Convention of (1814), 16, 261
Most Eminent Order of the Indian
Empire: see Order of the Indian
Empire, Most Eminent
Mother City: see Kiev
Mother of God: see Theot, Catherine
Mother of her Country, The: see
Maria Theresa, Holy Roman Em-
press
Mother of States, The: see Virginia
Mother of the Russians, Holy: see
Moscow
Mo-tien-ling, Chinese Empire: battles
of (1894), 7, 269; (1904), 7, 3io, 15,
361
Motley, John Lothrop (1814-1877),
American historian: recalled as min-
ister to England, 24, 881
Moukden, Manchuria: capital removed
from, 6, 54; Russia proposes politi-
cal resident in, 311; battle of, 314
Moulier (17th century), French am-
bassador: ambassador to Switzer-
land, 13, 477
Moulins, Auguste (1752-1810), French
soldier: made member of the direc-
tory, 9, 309, 10, 405
Moulins, Edicts of, edicts issued by a
French assembly summoned by
Charles IX at Moulins (1564), 9,
155
Moultrie, Fort, Sullivan's Island,
Charleston Harbor, South Carolina:
attacked by English, 23, 236
GENERAL INDEX
483
Mound Builders, prehistoric race
which inhabited North America, 23,
5
Mounier, Jean Joseph (1758-1806),
French politician: elected member
of the States-General, 10, 39; pleads
for Necker, 58; joins Necker's
party, 80; desires the creation of a
Senate, 87; deserts the assembly,
101
Mount Badon, England: battle of (ca.
490), 11, 18
Mount Garganus, Italy: battle of, 3,
262
Mount Kasagi, Japan: siege of (1331),
7, 84
Mount Kongo, Japan: siege of (1333),
7, 86
Mount Ohud, Asia Minor: battle of
(625 A. D.), 1, 227
Mount Teneriffe, Canary Islands:
eruption of, frightens Columbus's
crew, 23, 30
Mount Thabor, Asia Minor: battle of
(1799), 14, 382
Mount Tsukula Insurrection (1864),
7, 164
Mount Vernon, Virginia: commerce
commission meets at, 23, 321; home
of Washington, 340; Washington
retires to, 368; Confederates seize
arsenal, 24, 691
Mountain, The, a name given the Jac-
obins in the National Convention
in France: sketch of, 10, 216; de-
mands the trial of Louis XVI, 226;
decrees the constitution of 1793,
271; its success against the insur-
rectionary towns and departments,
274; its measures against Robe-
spierre, 311; seventy-six of its mem-
bers put to death or arrested, 339
Mountain Brutus, The: see Tell, Wil-
liam
Mountain State, The Green: see Ver-
mont
Mount joy, Charles Blount, Lord:
(1563-1606), favorite of Queen
Elizabeth: his campaign in Ireland,
11, 303; made governor of Ireland,
12, 100
Mouscron, Belgium: battle of (1794)
9, 289
Mowbray, Thomas, Earl of Notting-
ham and Duke of Norfolk (1366-
1399), English peer: takes up arms
against Richard II, 11, 181; created
Duke of Norfolk, 185; banished, 185
Mowbray, Thomas, Earl of Notting-
ham (1386-1405), English officer:
leader of insurrection, II, 194
Mowbray's Rebellion: see Robert of
Mowbray
" Mowe," German gun-boat: visits
King Bell, 19, in
Moya, Marchioness de (late 15th cen-
tury), Spanish lady of the court:
aids Columbus, 23, 29
Mozambique: founded, 19, 21; siege
of (1698), 39
Mozambique Company, Portuguese
company formed for African ex-
plorations (1888): sketch of, 19, 226
Mozarabes, Christians who conformed
externally to practice of Moham-
medanism: meaning of term, 1, 323
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756-
1791), German musician: sketch of,
17, 261
Mozhaisk, Russia: battle of (1812),
15, 227
Mstislavski, Prince Feodor (late 16th
century), Russian statesman: his
struggle for supremacy, 15, 18
Mu Wang, Emperor of China, ca. 1000
B. C. : his prominence in Chow
Dynasty, 6, 8
Muavia, Mohammedan kalif, ca. 661
A. D.: reign of, 5, 326
Mubarik, King of Delhi (14th cen-
tury) : reign of, 5, 101
Mucianus, Licinius, Roman statesman,
consul, 53 B. C. : proconsul of Syria,
4, 72
Mucianus, Publius Crassus (2nd cen-
tury B. C), Roman general and
statesman, Roman consul, 131 B.
C. : favors reform, 3, 175
Mudki, British India: battle of (1846),
5, 221
Mugueizel Rumi (early 8th century
A. D.), Mussulman officer: besieges
Cordova, 8, 50
Mugwumps: see Independents
Miihlberg, Germany: battle of (1547),
9, 145, 17, 196, 18, 255
484
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Muhldorf, Germany: battle of (1322),
17, 101, 18, 187
Muhlenberg, Frederick (late 18th cen-
tury), American officer and states-
man: in the first Congress, 23, 342
Muhlenberg, John Peter Gabriel
(1746-1807), American revolution-
ary general and politician: in first
Congress, 23, 342
Muhlhausen, Germany: battle of
(1525), 18, 243
Muir, Thomas (late 17th century),
Scottish politician: transported, II,
543, 12, 37T-
Muir, Sir William (1819-1905), Scot-
tish Arabic scholar: sketch of, 5,
252
Muiz-ad-Daula, Arabian caliph, 945 A.
D.: seizes throne of Bagdad, 1, 366
Muiz-ud-din: see Mohammed of Ghor
Mukden, Manchuria: battle of, 1904,
7, 312, 15, 363
Mukhtir Pasha (19th century), Turk-
ish officer: his campaign against
Russia, 15, 335
Muktadir (10th century A. D.),
Caliph of Bagdad: defeated by reli-
gious fanatics, 1, 362
Muley (15th century), King of Fez:
at war with Alfonso V of Portugal,
8, 316; at war with Mohammed ben
Mohammed, 438
Muley Abdalla: see Diego Lopez ben
Aboo
Muley Abdallah ben Mohammed (sec-
ond half of 16th century), Sultan of
Morocco: accession of, 8, 439; reign
of, 440
Muley AH Abul Hassan ben Moham-
med, Moorish King of Granada,
1466-ca. 1482: reign of, 8, 120
Muley Hamet ben Muley (d. 1578),
King of Morocco: at war with the
Portuguese, 8, 440; accession of,
441; dethroned, 442; death of, 447
Muley Moluc Abdelmelic (d. 1578),
King of Morocco: flees from Mo-
rocco, 8, 441; accession to throne,
442
Mulhausen, Germany: battle of (1674),
9, 211
Mulienzadi Mohammed Pasha (late
18th century), Turkish officer and
statesman: account of, 14, 334
Muller, Adam (early 18th century),
Austrian author: in the Austrian
service, 17, 320
Muller, Gottfried (early 18th century),
Russian scholar: account of, 15, 114
Muller, Johann von (1 752-1809),
Swiss historian: sketch of, 13, 495,
521; pleads for unity in Switzer-
land, 508
Muller, Thadeus (early 19th century),
Swiss patriot: president of the Hel-
vetic Society, 13, 530
Multan, India: battle of (326 B. C.)
5, 69
Mumford, William B. (d. 1862), Con-
federate citizen of New Orleans:
executed, 24, 753
Mummius, Lucius, " Achaicus " (mid-
dle of the 2nd century B. C.)
Roman general and statesman, con-
sul, 146 B. C. : completes Roman
conquest of Greece, 2, 520; cam-
paign against the Achaean League,
3, 166
Munch, Burkhard (d. 1444), Austrian
soldier: his campaign against the
Swiss, 13, 402
Munchengratz, Treaty of, agreement
between Russia, Austria, and Prus-
sia (1833): account of, 17, 328
Munemori, Taira-no: see Taira-no-
Munemori
Munich, Germany: subject to Gusta-
vus Adolphus, 18, 282
Municipal Corporation Bill, a law pro-
viding that corporations (in Eng-
land) be elected by the rate-payers:
passed (1836), 11, 595
Munk, Kristine, Countess of Slesvig-
Holstein (early 17th century), mor-
ganatic wife of Christian IV of Den-
mark: sketch of, 16, 202
Munk, Peder (late 16th century),
Danish admiral: his relations with
Christian IV of Denmark, 16, 199
Munkacs (Munkatz), Hungary: siege
of (1687), 17, 230
Munkaczy, Mihaly (1844-1900), Hun-
garian painter: sketch of, 17, 416
Munnich, Count Burkhard Christoph
GENERAL INDEX
485
(1683-1767), Russian general and
statesman of German ancestry:
superintends the Ladoga canal, 15,
82: his power under Anne, 107, 112;
in Poland, 119; his military genius,
14, 300; campaigns' in the Crimea,
301, 312, 15, 121; deposes Biron,
126; made chief minister, 128; resig-
nation of, 130; arrest of, 133; ban-
ishment of, 137; recall of, 153
Mufioz (late 16th century), Spanish
politician: appointed jueces pesquisi-
dores, 22, 125
Munoz, Duke of Rianzares (1810-
1873), Spanish officer: his relations
with Maria Christina of Spain, 8,
499, SOI
Munro, Colonel (18th century), Brit-
ish officer: surrenders Fort William
Henry, 23, 186
Munro, Sir Hector (1726-1805), Brit-
ish officer: crushes Sepoy mutiny,
5, 187; at the battle of Baxar, 135,
187
Munro, Henry (late 18th century),
Irish insurgent: in the Rebellion of
1798, 12, 213
Munro, Sir Thomas (1760-1827), Eng-
lish general and statesman: his
campaign in Burma, 5, 211
Munster, Germany: held by the Ana-
baptists, 18, 250
Munster, Treaty of, the peace which
concluded the Thirty Years' War in
Germany between the Catholics and
Protestants (1648), 13, 217, 18, 292,
20, 114
Muntoser (middle of 9th century A.
D.), Caliph of Bagdad: reign of, 1,
360
Munychia, Greece: fighting in, 2, 386
Mtinzer, Thomas (1490-1525), German
religious teacher: prophet of the
Anabaptists, 18, 243
Munzinger, Joseph (early 19th cen-
tury), Swiss patriot: his speech on
the sovereignty of the people, 13,
536; joins movement for revision of
the Confederation, 539
Murad (Amurath) I (1319-1389), Sul-
tan of Turkey, 1359-1389: reign of,
14, 29; death of, 36
Murad (Amurath) II (ca. 1403-1451),
Sultan of Turkey, 1421-1451: reign
of, 14, 58; abdicates, 64; resumes
sovereignty, 66; again abdicates and
again resumes power, 18; death, 70
Murad (Amurath) III (1546-1595),
Sultan of Turkey, 1574-1595: reign
of, 14, 201; death of, 204
Murad (Amurath) IV (ca. 1611-1640),
Sultan of Turkey, 1623-1640: acces-
sion, 14, 214; reign of, 215; death
of, 223
Murad (Amurath) V (1840-1904), Sul-
tan of Turkey, 1876: reign of, 14,
475; deposed, 478
Murad (d. 1661), Mogul prince: death
of, 5, 121
Mura-saki-shikibu (10th century),
Japanese writer: scholarship of, 7,
43
Murat, Joachim (1771-1815), French
marshal and King of Naples, called
The Good Swordsman: forces sur-
render at Aboukir, 14, 383; made. 1
marshal of the empire, 9, 322; re-
ceives Jiilich, Cleves, and Berg, 18',
371; appointed King of Naples, 4,
348, 10, 475, 18, 375; invades Spain,
8, 485; his campaign in Portugal,
527; his campaign against Russia,
15, 223; defeated in Italy, 17, 312;
his campaign in Italy (1815), 314;
at the battle of Leipzig, 18, 384; in-
vites return of Napoleon, 9, 359
Muratori, Ludovico Antonio (1672-
1750), Italian scholar, historian, and
antiquary: sketch of, 4, 338
Muraviev, Count Michael (1795-
1866), Russian soldier: aids Turkey
against Mehemet AH, 15, 290; dicta-
tor in Poland, 326
Muraviev, Michael Nikolaivitch (1845-
1900), Russian statesman: appointed
minister of foreign affairs, 15, 349;
death of, 354
Muraviev-Alostob, Sergius (early 19th
century), Russian revolutionist: in
the plot of the Dekabrists, 15, 273
Muraviov (early 18th century), Rus-
sian explorer: mission of, 15, 114
Murena, Lucius Licinius (d. ca. 80 B.
C), Roman general: left in com-
mand in Asia, 3, 220; at war with
Mithradates, 229
486
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Muret, France: battle of (1213), 8,
238, 9, 78
Murfreesborough, Tennessee: battle
of (1863), 24, 774
Murifeld, Peace of, a treaty between
Leuenberger and government of
Berne (1653), 13, 473
Murillo-Toro, Manuel (1815-1880), Co-
lombian statesman: elected presi-
dent of Colombia, 21, 87; first ad-
ministration of, 188; second adminis-
tration of, 90
Murphy, John (end of 18th century),
Irish priest and insurgent: leads
rebels, 12, 210; death of, 213
Murphy, Michael (end of 18th cen-
tury), Irish priest and insurgent:
death of, 12, 212
Murray (late 17th century), Irish sol-
dier: leader of the defense of Derry,
12, 135
Murray, James Stuart, Earl of: see
Stuart, James, Earl of Mar, Earl
of Murray
Murray, James Stuart, Earl of (ca.
1533-1820), Son of James V of Scot-
land: rebellion of, XX, 282
Murray, Joseph, Count (18th cen-
tury), Governor-general of Nether-
lands: made governor-general, 13,
260
Murray, William, Earl of Mansfield:
see Mansfield, William Murray,
Earl of
Murray, William Vans (1 762-1803),
American politician and diplomat:
minister to Holland, 23, 376
Murrogh (early nth century), Irish
prince: at battle of Clontarf, 12, 43
Mursa, Pannonia (modern Essek) :
battle of (351 A. D.), 4, 124
Murshid Kuli Khan (jafar Khan),
(early 18th century), nawab of Ben-
gal: makes his province independ-
ent, 5, 126; sketch of, 181
Musa or Moosa (ca. 1376-1412), Otto-
man prince, son of Bayezid I: aids
Mohammed in contest for sover-
eignty, 14, 52; death of, 54
Musa al Kasim (7th century), Per-
sian religious leader: sketch of, 5,
340
Musa ben Nozeir (Nosair) (ca. 640-
718 A. D.), Saracen general: plans
conquest of Spain, 8, 48; his cam-
paigns in Spain, 51
Musa Pasha (early 19th century),
Kaimakau of Selim III, Turkish
statesman and conspirator: account
of, 14, 399; executed, 401
Musa-Ibn-Noseyr or Moosa-Ibn-
Noseyr (Aboo-Abd-er-Rahman) (ca.
660-718), Arab conqueror: rule of,
1, 308; his conquest of Spain, 311;
disgraced, 318
Muscovy: see Moscow
Muscovy Company, The: established,
15, 18; success of, 23, 56; sends
colonists to Virginia, 57
Mushezib-Marduk (ca. 700 B. C),
Chaldean soldier: revolt of (1700 B.
C), 1, 88
Music :
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: among the
Magyars, 17, 46; minnesingers, 97;
under Charles VI, 192; under Gliick,
Haydn, and Mozart, 261; under
Francis II, 291; under Haydn, Bee-
thoven, Salieri, and Clementi, 294;
Liszt and Strauss, 417
BABYLONIA and ASSYRIA: ex-
tent of our knowledge, 1, 105
ENGLAND: minstrels, 11, 55
GAUL: bards, 9, 7
GERMANY: under Otto IV, 18,
160
GREECE: among the Spartans, 2,
67
INDIA: among the Brahmans, 5,
48
IRELAND: harp, bagpipes, 12, 9;
Young Ireland, 12, 227, 233
ITALY: description of, 4, 413
JAPAN: at the beginning of the
empire, 7, 8; Buddhist, 41; in the
Hei-an Epoch, 44, 45
LYDIA: character of, 1, 152, 2, 115
SCANDINAVIA: harp-playing, 16,
74; in Denmark, 147
STYRIA: minnesingers, 17, 98
SWITZERLAND: at St. Gall, 13,
343; minnesingers, 361; war-songs,
427
Muskhogean Indians, North Ameri-
ca: independent of other families,
23, 7; location, 8
GENERAL INDEX
487
Muskhu-'d-Din : see Sa'di
Muskingum River, Ohio: French
claims of, 23, 169
Musk-Rat State, The: see Delaware
Musslin (17th century), Swiss bailiff:
punishment of, 13,' 467
Mustapha I (d. 1639), Sultan of Tur-
key, 1617-1618 and 1622-1623: spared
by Ahmed I, 14, 209; brief reign
of, 212; second accession of, 213;
again deposed, 214
Mustapha II (1664-1703), Sultan of
Turkey, 1695-1703: reign of, 14, 261;
abdicates throne, 273
Mustapha III (d. 1774), Sultan of
Turkey, 1757-1773: reign of, 14, 318;
his war with Russia (1767-1774),
15, 180; death of, 14, 337
Mustapha IV (d. 1808), Sultan of
Turkey, 1807-1808: reign of, 14,
400; deposed, 401; death of, 402
Mustapha (ca. 1420), pretended son of
Bayazid: claims sovereignty, 14, 57;
put to death, 58
Mustapha (d. 1553), son of Suleiman
the Great: account of, 14, 168
Mustapha Bairactar (1755-1808), pasha
of Rustchuk: revolts against the
Janissaries, 14, 400
Mustapha Kiuprili (17th century),
Turkish military leader: his cam-
paign in Hungary, 17, 231
Mustapha Pasha (ca. 1560), Turkish
admiral: commands expedition
against Malta, 14, 170, 171
Mustapha Pasha (18th century), Turk-
ish commander: his campaign
against Napoleon, 14, 381; surren-
ders at Aboukir, 383
Muta, Asia Minor: battle of, I, 234
Mutasim (ca. 840 A. D.), Mohamme-
dan caliph: wars with the Emperor
Theophilus, 1, 357
Mutawakkil, Caliph of Bagdad, 847-
861 A. D.: reign of, I, 360
Muti (ca. 10th century A. D.), Caliph
of Bagdad: prepares Bagdad for
siege, 1, 370
Mutimir (ca. 900 A. D.), Croatian
chief: accession of, 17, 38
Mutin: see Mutines
Mutina, in ancient geography, city of
transpadine Gaul (modern Modena) :
siege of (43 B. C), 4, 13
Mutines (Mutin) (3rd century B. C),
Carthaginian general: his campaign
in Sicily, 3, 124
Mutiny Act, act of the British parlia-
ment passed annually (1689-1879):
authorizes sending of troops to
America (1765), 11, 435
Mutiny of 1857, The, a mutiny of the
Sepoys of India: account of, 5, 232
Mutsu Munemitsu (19th century),
Japanese diplomat: negotiates treaty
with Great Britain, 7, 191
Muttenz, Switzerland: battle of
(1445), 13, 402
Muttra, India: destroyed, 5, 127
Muza ben Zeyad (ca. 850 A. D.), Mo-
hammedan ruler: rebellion of, 8, 74
Muzaffar ud-din, Shah of Persia, 1896
: reign of, 5, 364
Muzaffarid Dynasty, Persia: reign of,
5, 336
Muzinade Ali (16th century), Cupu-
dan Pasha: commands Turkish
forces at Lepanto, 14, 196; death of,
198
Mwanga (19th century), African ruler:
sketch of, 19, 187
Mycale, Mount, Asia Minor: sanctu-
ary of Poseidon on, 2, 55; battle of,
212
Mycenae, in ancient geography, city
in Greece: archaeological remains
of, 2, 22; Homeric importance of,
32; in Homer, 33; importance in
prehistoric Greece, 49; obscurity
after Dorian invasion, 59; taken by
Argives, 237; recent discoveries re-
specting, 548
Myconius, Friedrich (1491-1546), Ger-
man reformer: becomes a teacher in
Zurich, 13, 436
Mykerinos: see Men-ka-ra
Mylae, Mediterranean Sea: battle of
(260 B. C), 3, 101
Myochin Muneyasu (ca. 15th cen-
tury), Japanese metal worker:
sketch of, 7, 107
Myochin Nobuiye (ca. 15th century),
Japanese metal worker: skill of, 7,
107
488
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Myosho, Empress of Japan, 1630-
1644: reign of, 7, 132
Myron (3rd century B. C.)> Spartan
annalist: mentioned, 2, 72
Myronides (5th century B. C.) Athe-
nian general: defeats Corinthians
(457 B. C), 2, 243; conquers Boeo-
tia (457 B. C), 245
Myrtchi (14th century), Prince of
Wallachia: submits to Bayezid, 14,
27; joins in crusade against Turks,
14, 39
Mysore War, war waged in India be-
tween the British and the Sultan of
Mysore (1790-1792), 5, 196
Mythology and Legend: Austria-Hun-
gary, 17, 27, 44; Babylonia, 1, 99,
101, 108; Egypt, x, 13, 42, 47; Ger-
many, 18, 9; Greece, 2, 8, 15, 24, 28,
39, 59, 62, 93, 108, 120, 124, 154, 166,
198, 503; India, 5, 82; Ireland, 12,
16, 23; Japan, 7, 3, 12; Lydia, I, 143,
149; Mexico, 22, 90; Persia, 1, 159,
162, 174, 177; Scandinavia, 16, 9, 18,
35, 45, 210, 211
Mytilene: see Mitylene
N
Naarden, Netherlands: siege of (1674),
13, 239
Nabanidochus: see Nabonidos
Nabis (d. 192 B. C), Tyrant of Spar-
ta, 207-192 B. C. : his conflict with
Roman authority, 3, 141
Nabonidos (Nabunaid, Nabonadius,
Nabunaidu, Nabannidochus, Bel-
shazzar, Nabonidus), King of Baby-
lon, 556-S38 B. C: reign of, 1, 93;
conquered by Cyrus (538 B. C), i
161, 2, 126
Nabopolassar, King of Babylon, 625-
605 B. C. : makes himself King of
Babylon, 1, 91; secures Mesopo-
tamia and Syria, 92
Nabu-apul-iddina, King of Babylon
ca. 876 B. C. : defeated by Ashur-
nazir-pal, I, 79
Nabuco, Joaquin (19th century), Bra-
zilian statesman: his speech in favoij
of slavery abolition, 21, 249
Nabu-kudurri-usur : see Nebuchad
rezzar
Nabu-naid or Nabu-naidus: see Na^
bonidos
Nachod, Bohemia: battle of (1866)
18, 411
Nachtigal, Gustav (1834-1885), Ger
man traveler: arouses an interes
in Africa, 19, 59; made consul-gen
eral of Africa, 103
Nadab, King of Israel, 917-915 B. C:
death of, 1, 389
Nadasdy (17th century), Hungarian
conspirator: leads conspiracy, 1 7
229
Nadintu-Bel (ca. 500 B. C), Babylo-
nian revolutionist: revolt of, 1, 94
163
Nadod (9th century A. D.), Norwe-
gian explorer: visits Iceland, 16,
44
Naerden, Holland: siege of (1572), 13,
114
Nafels (Nafels, Nafaels), Switzerland:
battle of (1388), 13, 382, 18, 197
Nagasaki Takasuke (ca. 14th century),
Japanese statesman: power of, 7,
77
Nageli, Franz (16th century), Swiss
soldier: his campaign against
Charles III of Savoy, 13, 448
Nageli, Hans Georg (1768-1836),
Swiss musician and music-publisher:
founds an order of popular songs,
13, 522
Nagpur, India: battle of (1817), 5,
209; becomes part of the Central
Provinces, 5, 229
Nagy, Paul (19th century), Hungarian
orator: in the diet of 1807, 17, 334;
in the diet of Presburg, 338
Nahash, King of the Ammonites, ca.
1 100 B. C. : besieges Jabesh, I, 381
Nahir (Nahir Kuli, Nahir Khan) (ca.
1688-1747), Shah of Persia, 1736-
1747: his conquests, 5, 350, 14,
293, 295; invades India, 5, 127; reign
of, 352; career of, 15, 115
Naifaarut (Nepherites) I, King of
Egypt, ca. 400 B. C: reign of, 1, 33
Naini Tal, India: landslip at (1880), 5,
259
Naissus (Naisus), Asia Minor: bat-
tle of (269 A. D.), 4, no
Nakahara Chikayoshi (12th century),
Japanese statesman: made vice-
minister of the public archives, 7,
68
Naka-no-6ye, Prince: see Tenchi, Em-
peror of Japan
Nakatomi-no-Kamako (ca. 580 A. D.),
Japanese statesman: opposes the
acceptance of Buddhism, 7, 15
Nakatomi-no-Kamatari (d. 670 A. D.),
Japanese statesman: plots against
Soga-no-Iruka, 7, 20; death of, 28
Nakkimov (Nakhimov) Admiral (19th
century), Russian naval officer: in
489
490
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
the Crimean War, 14, 451, 15, 312
Nalanda, Monastery of, India: descrip-
tion of, 5, 64
Namur, Belgium: captured by Wil-
liam III of England, II, 444; siege
of (1692), 13, 245
Nana Sanhib (Dandhu Panth) (ca.
1825-ca. i860), Hindu prince, a
leader in the Indian Mutiny: in-
herits property of Baji Rao, 5, 229;
leads the Mutiny of 1857, 236
Nanak Shah (1469-1538 A. D.), Hindu
religious teacher: teachings of, 5,
84
Nancy, France: battle of (1477), 13,
48, 409, 18, 218
Nancy Regiment, a French regiment:
revolt of (1790), 10, 125
Nangis, France: battle of (1814), 9,
346^ 15, 261
Nanking, China: chosen capital by
Chu, 6, 26, 28; T'aip'ing disorder in,
153, 193
Nanking, Treaty of, a treaty made be-
tween England and China (1842), 6,
142, 5, 213
Nansen, Fridtjof, Arctic explorer and
author: born near Christiania, Oc-
tober 10, 1861; educated at the Uni-
versity of Christiania; went to
Greenland Sea, 1882; appointed cura-
tor in Natural History Museum,
Bergen; went across Greenland,
1888-1889; appointed curator of the
Museum of Comparative Anatomy,
Christiania University; made his
memorable North Pole Expedition,
in which he reached the highest lati-
tude until then attained, 1895-1896;
appointed Professor of Zoology,
Christiania University; lives at
Lysakir, near Christiania, Norway
Explorations of, 16, 325
Nansen, Hans (17th century), Norwe-
gian burgomaster: at the diet of
Copenhagen, 16, 231
Nantes, France: trial of ninety-four
of the inhabitants of, 10, 325
Nantes, Edict of, an edict issued by
Henry IV of France ending the
religious wars: issued (1598), 9, 171;
revoked (1685), 9, 216, 13, 243; ef-
fect of revocation on American colo-
nies, 23, 76
Nantil, Captain (early 19th century),
French officer: conspiracy of, 9,
375
Nantucket, island off the coast of
Massachusetts: fishery industry at
outbreak of the Revolution, 23, 134
Napier, Lord (d. 1834), British states-
man: arrives at Canton, 6, 127;
death of, 129
Napier, Sir Charles James (1782-
1853) British general: his campaign
in Sind, 5, 219
Napier, Sir Charles John (1 786-1 860),
British admiral: in Turko-Egyptian
war, 14, 437; in the Crimean War,
15, 309
Napier, Francis, Baron Ettrick of Et-
trick (1819-1898), British states-
man: sketch of, 5, 252
Napier, Sir George (early 19th cen-
tury), British statesman: governor
of Cape Colony, 20, 223
Napier, Robert Cornells, Baron Na-
pier of Magdala (1810-1890), British
soldier: lays out roads and canals,
5, 226; acting governor-general of
India, 244
Napier of Merchiston, John (1550-
1617), Scottish mathematician:
sketch of, 12, 358
Napierville, Canada: battle of (1837),
20, 156
Naples, Italy: main treatment, 4, 215,
2 57; \vge of (1191), 18, 156; invad-
ed by Louis, King of Hungary
(1348), 4, 252; Jews banished from
(ca. 1495), I, 418; history of, in the
Middle Ages, 4, 257; passes to Spain
(1504), 291; under Spanish rule, 323;
taken by General Championnet
(1798), 10, 402; surrenders to Na-
poleon (1800), 4, 345; revolution of
1820, 4, 352; intervention of Aus-
tria in (1820), 23, 446; Austrians en-
ter (1821), 4, 354; surrenders to
Garibaldi (i860), 380
Napola de Malvasia, Greece: taken by
the Greeks (1821), 14, 544
Napoleon (I) Bonaparte, Emperor of
the French, 1804-1814, called The
GENERAL INDEX
491
Modern Nimrod, The Modern
Charlemagne, The Little Corporal,
Corporal d' Espre, Corporal Violet,
Father Violet, The Corsican Ogre,
The Corsican Sesostris, The Man
of Destiny, The Scourge of Europe,
and The King of Fire: born at
Ajaccio, Corsica, August 15, 1769;
studied at military school of
Brienne, 1779-1784, and at that of
Paris, 1784-1785; given a lieuten-
ant's commission in the French
army, 1785; opposed the patriotic
movement under Paoli in Corsica,
1793; commanded the artillery in
the attack on Toulon, 1793; served
in the army in Italy, 1794; was sec-
ond in command in subduing the re-
volt of the sections in Paris, 1795;
married Josephine de Beauharnais,
March 9, 1795; defeated the Aus-
trians in Italy at the battles of
Montenotte, Millesimo and Dego,
April, 1795; defeated the Sardinians
at Ceva and Mondori and forced
them to sign a treaty, April 29, 1795;
expelled the Austrians from north-
ern Italy, 1795-1797; invaded Styria,
1797; made an unsuccessful attempt
to invade India via Egypt, 1798;
undertook to subjugate Syria and
stormed Jaffa, March 7, 1799; was
repulsed at Acre, and retreated to
Egypt; defeated the Turks at
Aboukir, July 25, 1799; transferred
the command of Egypt to Kleber,
August 22, 1799, and returned to
France; executed the coup d'etat
of Brumaire, whereby he abolished
the Directory and made himself first
consul to hold office for ten years;
restored the French ascendency in
Italy, 1800, and brought about the
Peace of Luneville, 1801; concluded
the Peace of Amiens with England,
1802; restored the Roman Catholic
Church in France; erected a new
university, established the Legion
of Honor, and codified the laws;
was made consul for life, August 2,
1802; was proclaimed hereditary
Emperor of the French, May 18,
1804; and was crowned, December
2, 1804; was crowned King of Italy,
May 26, 1805; his plans for an in-
vasion of England were defeated by
Nelson's victory at Trafalgar, Oc-
tober 21, 1805; invaded Austria, oc-
cupied Vienna, and defeated the
Russians and Austrians at Auster-
litz, December 2, 1805; brought
about the erection of the Con-
federation of the Rhine, July 12,
1806; at war with a coalition com-
posed of Prussia, Russia, and Eng-
land, 1806-1807; issued the Berlin
Decree, 1806, and the Milan Decree,
1807; seized Spain and Portugal,
1807-1808; defeated the English in
Spain, 1808; was at war with Aus-
tria, 1809; divorced Josephine and
married Maria Louisa of Austria,
1810; annexed the Papal States,
1809, and Holland, 1810; was at war
with Russia, 1812, but after occupy-
ing Moscow was obliged to retreat;
defeated the Prussians and Russians
at Lutzen and Bautzen, 1813; waged
war against a coalition of Russia,
England, Sweden, Prussia, and Aus-
tria, 1813-1814; lost the decisive bat-
tles of Leipsic, Laon, and Arcis-
sur-Aube and the allies entered
Paris, March 31, 1814; abdicated at
Fontainebleau, April 11, 1814, and
received the Island of Elba as a
sovereign principality, where he ar-
rived May 4; encouraged by the
quarrels which arose at the Con-
gress of Vienna, Napoleon left Elba,
February 26, 1815; landed at Cannes,
March 1; entered Paris, March 20;
contended against the allies, but
was finally defeated at Waterloo,
June 18, 1815; unsuccessfully at-
tempted to escape to America and
surrendered himself to the British
at Rochefort, July 15; was taken as
a prisoner of war to St. Helena,
where he arrived October 16, 1815,
and where he was detained until
his death, May 5, 1821
Early life of, 10, 357 note; sketch
of, 8, 483, 527; appointed second in
command under Barras, 10, 357; de-
fends the convention, 9, 295; ap-
492
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
pointed general of the interior, and
placed at the head of the army of
Italy, io, 374; invasion of Italy, 4,
342, 9, 297; strengthens the French
Republic, 18, 359; his campaign
against Austria, 10, 379, 17, 298; his
conquest of Italy, 10, 381; his re-
lations with Switzerland, 13, 506,
508; his relations with Poland, 15,
384; his return, to Paris, 10, 397;
Paul of Russia joins the coalition
against, 15, 205; intrigues to gain
Paul's favor, 207; invades Egypt, 1,
37, 5, 197, 10, 397, II, 548, 14, 380,
20, 141, 268; returns to Paris in
triumph, 10, 409; learns the state
of affairs in France, 409; concludes
treaty with the United States, 23,
376; plots with Sieyes against the
directory, 10, 410; his answer to the
republicans, 412; creates a commo-
tion in the council of the five hun-
dred, 415; appointed consul, 9, 315,
10, 432, 11, 549, 18, 363; his gov-
ernment, 10, 436; Gustavus IV's at-
titude toward, 16, 250; sets out on
the conquest of Italy, 10, 438; re-
turn to Paris, 440; the infernal ma-
chine, 441; progress of France un-
der, 447; proposes the creation of
a Legion of Honor, 451; appointed
sole consul, 10, 452; growth of his
power, 13, 267; his answer to a
deputation from the senate, 10, 456;
made emperor, 9, 322, 10, 459; re-
ceives the crown of the Lombards,
462; ascendency of, ii, 555; vic-
tories over Austrians and Russians,
10, 464, 14, 395; cedes Louisiana to
the United States, 23, 396; defeated
at Trafalgar, 406; takes Vienna, 10,
464, 17, 293; marches against Prus-
sia, 10, 470; Germany under, 18,
371; turns his attention towards
England, 10, 472; in Peace of Til-
sit, 14, 403; issues Berlin Decree,
23, 407; issues Milan Decree, 407;
issues Bayonne Decree, 411; his re-
lations to Denmark, 16, 257; threat-
ened with excommunication by the
Pope, 10, 476; his expedition into
Spain, 478, 11, 562, 17, 296, 20, 142;
divorces Josephine, and marries the
Archduchess Marie Louise, 10, 481,
17, 302; issues Rambouillet Decree,
23, 415; birth of his son, the King
of Rome, 10, 481; his relations with
Alexander I of Russia, 15, 213; his
campaign against Russia, 10, 484,
15, 220; in Moscow, 231; his re-
treat from Moscow, 10, 485, 15, 240;
the re-action against his power, 10,
485; his return to Paris, 489;
the German War of Liberation, 18,
387; his relations to Sweden, 16,
253; first abdication of, 9, 349, 10,
493, 13, 526; return of, 9, 360, 10,
500, 13, 286; final abdication and im-
prisonment of, 9, 365, 23, 405, 425;
his character, 10, 494; death of, 9,
377; compared with Cromwell, 10,
495; his remains removed to Paris,
418
Napoleon II (Frangois Charles Joseph
Napoleon Bonaparte, Due de Reich-
stadt) (1811-1832), titular Emperor
of the French, son of Napoleon I
and Maria Louisa: birth of, 9, 339,
10, 481
Napoleon III (Charles Louis Na-
poleon Bonaparte), Emperor of the
French, called The Man of Sedan,
The Man of Silence, The Man of
December and The Good Friend:
born at Paris, April 20, 1808; was
the son of Louis Bonaparte, King
of Holland, and Hortense de Beau-
harnais, and the nephew of Napol-
eon I; lived in exile at Arenenberg
and Augsburg, 1815-1830; joined in
an unsuccessful revolt in the Ro-
magna against the Pope, 1830-1831;
attempted to organize a revolution
among the soldiers of Strasburg,
1836; invaded France near Bou-
logne, 1840; was captured and im-
prisoned at Ham until 1846, when
he escaped; after the fall of Louis
Philippe was made a member of the
National Assembly, 1848; was elect-
ed President of the French Repub-
lic, December, 1848; was chosen
President for ten years, December,
1851; after a plebiscite was declared
Emperor, December 2, 1852; mar-
ried Eugenie de Montijo, January
GENERAL INDEX
493
30, 1853; participated in the Crimean
War, 1854-1856; conducted a cam-
paign against Austria, 1859; waged
war in Mexico, 18627-1867; declared
war against Germany, July, 1870;
was taken prisoner at Sedan, Sep-
tember 2, 1870; was imprisoned at
Wilhemshohe, near Cassel, 1870-
1871; lived at Chiselhurst, near Lon-
don, England, from 1870 until his
death, January 9, 1873
Account of, 14, 444; plots to ob-
tain the throne of France, 9, 410;
makes second attempt to gain
throne of France, 418; elected presi-
dent of France, 438; his assumption
of power, 18, 403; accession of, 13,
307; reign of, 9, 445; in the Cri-
mean War, 15, 304; attempts to
mediate in Swiss troubles, 13, 5595
at war with Austria, 4, 372, 17, 384;
takes possession of Savoy, 13, 561;
proposes intervention in American
Civil War, 24, 878; his relations
with Poland, 15, 384; his ambitions
concerning Mexico, 17, 393, 24, 876;
concludes Treaty of Misamar, 22,
389; deserts Maximilian, 392; in the
Slesvig-Holstein controversy, 16,
.276; induces compromise for Suez
Canal construction, 14, 469; in the
Franco-Prussian War, 18, 415
Napoleon of Peace, The: see Louis
Philippe, King of the French
Napoleon of the East, The: see Mo-
hammed Ali, Pasha of Egypt
Napoli di Romani, Greece: battle of
(1770), 15, 179; captured by Greeks,
a, 544
Nappo, Finland, Russian Empire: bat-
tle of (1714), 15, 64
Nara Epoch, The, the period of Japa-
nese history when the capital was
at Nara in the province of Yamato
(710-794 A. D.) : account of, 7, 31
Naram-Sin, King of Babylonia, ca.
3750 B. C. : reign of, 1, 76
Narbo (Narbonne), France: founded,
3, 185, 9, 8
Narbo (Nabonesio), Province of
southern France: created, 3, 191, 9,
8
Narbonne, Louis, Count (1755-1813),
French courtier and statesman: re-
places Du Portail as minister of
war, 10, 164; dismissed from the
ministry, 10, 168
Narborough, Sir John (d. 1688), Eng-
lish naval officer: explorations of,
. 34
Narbutt (middle 19th century), Polish
insurgent: capture and execution
15, 328
Nares, Sir George Strong (1831 ),
English navigator: explorations of,
16, 313
Narishkin, Captain (early 19th cen-
tury), Russian officer: his efforts to
save Moscow, 15, 241; before Na-
poleon, 246
Narishkins, Russian political party:
faction of, 15, 26
Narragansett Indians, tribe of North
American Indians: belong to Al-
gonquian stock, 23, 8; join King
Philip's War, 97
Narses (478-573 A. D.), general of the
Byzantine empire: defeats Totila,
4, 161; governor-general of Italy,
162; career of, 18, 49
Narva, Russia: captured by the Rus-
sians (1558), 15, 17; battle of
(1700), 15, 38, 16, 216, 18, 317
Narvaez, Pamfilo (Pamphilo or Pan-
filo) de (d. ca. 1527), Spanish com-
mander: explores southern United
States, 23, 40; sent to arrest Cortez,
22, 30
Narvaez, Ramon Maria de, Duke of
Valencia (ca. 1798-1868), Spanish
general and minister of state: op-
poses regency of Espartero, 8, 500;
second ministry of, 506
Naseby, England: battle of (1645), 11,
353
Nashville, Tennessee, called The City
of the Rocks: convention of, 1850,
24, 611; Confederates abandon, 745;
battle of (1864), 803
"Nashville," United States gunboat:
fires first shot of Spanish-Ameri-
can War, 24, 1026; stationed at
Panama, 1059
Nasidius, Lucius (ca. 49 B. C), Ro-
man commander: defeated by De-
cimus Brutus, 3, 341
494
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Nasirulla Khan (late 19th century),
Indian prince: visits England, 5,
277
Nasmyth (early 19th century), Eng-
lish soldier: aids Turkey, 15, 309
Nasr ud-din (Nasir-ed-Deen) (1829-
1896), Shah of Persia, 1848-1896:
reign of, 5, 362
Nasr-Mlah (early 18th century), son
of the Persian conqueror, Nadir
shah: marriage of, 5, 353
Nassau, Bahama Islands: seat of gov-
ernment for the Bahamas, 20, 246
Nassau-Siegen, Charles Henri Nicolas
Othon, Prince of (1745-ca. 1809),
German soldier: in the Russian serv-
ice, 15, 184; defeated by the Swedes,
188
Nassau-Siegen, Joan Mauritz, Count
of: see Maurice of Nassau, Count
Nassir ben Ferag (early 14th cen-
tury), King of Granada: reign of,
8, in
Natal, Africa: early history of, 20,
225
Natalia Alexievna (d. 1776), Empress
of Russia: influence of, 15, 98; mar-
riage of, 165; death of, 172
Natchez, Mississippi: prehistoric
bones found at, 23, 4
Nathan (nth century B. C.) Hebrew
prophet: supports the claims of
Solomon to throne of Israel, 1, 386
Nathors (late 19th century), Arctic
explorer: explorations of, 16, 327
Nation, The Saviour of the: see Crom-
well, Oliver
National African Company, a company
to protect British interests on the
Niger River: organized, 19, 154
National Banking System, United
States: established, 24, 820
National Banks: see Banks
National Legislative Assembly, the
second Revolutionary assembly in
France, 1791-1792: early relations
between it and the king, 10, 151;
question of the manner of address-
ing the king, 152; the king's speech,
153; opening of, 156; its decree rela-
tive to the king's brother, 158; with
regard to the emigrants, 158; with
regard to the dissentient priests,
158; Isnard's speech, 162; question
of a declaration to the king request-
ing him to require the neighboring
princes to summon the military
gatherings, 162; decrees the declara-
tion, 162; passes a decree impeach-
ing the king's brother, the Count
d' Artois, and the Prince de Conde,
164; question of war, 171; decrees
the formation of a camp of twenty
thousand men at Paris, 174; decrees
the banishment of the non-juring
priests, 175; letter to, from Lafay-
ette, 177; debates concerning the
riots of the 20th of June, 178; di-
vision between it and the commune,
201; question of waiting for the
Prussians under the walls of Paris,
205; desires to prevent the massacre
of the 2nd of September, 207; con-
cluding observation on, 212; see also
Convention, The National
National Liberals, German political
party: description of, 18, 435
National Meat Inspection Law, a
United States law establishing more
effective Federal supervision of
slaughtering houses: passed (1906),
24, 1083
National Pure Food Law, a United
States law to protect the public
against adulterated and mis-labeled
food and drugs: passed (1906), 24,
1082
National Quarantine Law, a United
States law to guard against the in-
troduction of contagious disease
from abroad: passed (1906), 24,
1082
National Republican Party: see Re-
publican Party, National
National Silver Party, United States
political party: convention in St.
Louis (1896), 24, 1015
Nations, Battle of the: see Leipsic:
battle of (1813)
Natural Research, Society for, a so-
ciety in Switzerland, founded in
1815: work of, 13, 530
Naturalization, American: ignored by
Great Britain, 23, 408
Naturalization, Federal Bureau of Im-
migration and, a bureau established
GENERAL INDEX
495
in the United States to control the
granting of naturalization certifi-
cates: created (1906), 24, 1083
Naturalization Act, an act passed in
the United States increasing the
term of residence required for citi-
zenship: Federalists enact (1798),
23, 376
Nauarchus, a Greek naval officer: of-
fice of, 2, 368
Naucratis, an ancient city in Egypt:
founded, 2, 87
Naulochus, Sicily: battle of (47 B. C.)
4, 21
Naumburg, city in Saxony: taken by
Tilly (1631), 18, 280
Naupactus, town in Greece: taken by
Athenians, 2, 246; sea-fight off, 290;
taken by Lysander, 380
Nauvoo, Illinois: founded, 24, 982
Navajo Indians, tribe of American In-
dians: dependent on their herds, 23,
11; famous for their necklaces and
ear-pendants, 14; skillful in textile
work, 14; present condition, 17
Navarette, Spain: battle of (1367), 9,
104
Navarino, Greece: taken by the Rus-
sians (1770), 15, 178; battle of
(1827), 2, 545, 9, 387, 11, 582, 14,
425, 15, 276, 17, 326
Navarre, Kingdom of, Spain: history,
8, 194
Navas de Tolosa: see Tolosa
Navigation: among the Phoenicians, 2,
27; a primitive treaty of, 20, 16
Navigation Acts, laws restricting the
trade of the British colonies to that
with the mother-country: passed
(1651), 11, 364, 13, 229, 23, 204;
effect on colonies, 20, 22; character
of, 23, 67; changes in (1660), 11,
386, 12, 344, 23, 202; galling to
Maryland colonists, 72; Randolph
sent to enforce, 99; evaded, 104;
George Grenville attempts to en-
force, 205; effect on the West In-
dies, 20, 70; repealed (1849), 11,
608
Navy, Naval Affairs:
AFRICA: International Naval Com-
mission, 18, 115
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: in Seven
Years' War, 17, 263; fleet on the
Danube, 187
CARTHAGE: "Act of Navigation,"
20, 17
CHINA: foreign intervention, 6,
207; Li Hung Chang advises the or-
ganization of a powerful navy, 246;
organization of navy, 252
DENMARK: under Christian II,
16, 190; perfected by war with
Sweden (1676-1679), 234; under
Frederick IV, 236
ENGLAND: the Armada, 11, 296;
ship-money, 334; right of search, 11,
521, 13, 256; effect of plantation
trade, 20, 78; maritime supremacy,
143; Navigation Laws, 22, 67, 23,
204; Cyprus as naval base, 20, 253;
Cyprus and Malta, 254; Hong-Kong
as naval base, 255
FRANCE: at the outbreak of the
Revolution, 10, 7; Napoleon's plan
of invasion of England, 9, 324, 10,
445, 11, 556; under Louis Philippe,
417, 424
GERMANY: after 1871, 19, 91; ex-
peditions to Africa, no
GREECE: first naval battle, 2, 86;
of Megara, 102; Polycrates famed
for, 126; organization of Athenian
navy, 175; expansion of Athenian
navy, 231; new system of tactics,
274; fleet of Alcibiades, 330, 331,
332; of Chios and Byzantium, 513;
in War of Independence, 542, 544;
modern organization, 551
JAPAN: piratical ships, 7, 104;
ships, 135; naval department, 176;
improvement of, 6, 246, 7, 233
NETHERLANDS: under Alva, 13,
in
PORTUGAL: in the early 17th cen-
tury, 8, 460
ROME: condition in 3rd and 4th
centuries B. C, 3, 81
RUSSIA: study of shipbuilding by
Peter the Great, 15, 33, 35, 36; Dog-
ger Bank Incident, 7, 313
SOUTH AMERICA: revolt of
naval squadron of Brazil, 21, 254
SPAIN: the Armada, 8, 364, 11,
296; decline of, 8, 428; increase of,
429; reduced, 491
496
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
TURKEY: decline in the 17th cen-
tury, 14, 252; in the 18th century,
372; destruction of fleet, 425; re-
stored fleet, 433
UNITED STATES: Gaspee affair,
23, 218; during the Revolution, 290;
privateers, 359; vessels seized by
French and British Governments,
361; Washington advises increase,
27y, Department of the Navy cre-
ated, 375; reduced by Jefferson, 393,
408; Barbary pirates, 394; right of
search, 408; cause of War of 1812,
418; insufficiency of, in War of 1812,
419; success of, in War of 1812, 423;
value of victories, 430; strategic
positions, 479; ironclads, 24, 756;
development during Cleveland's ad-
ministration, 1008; under Roosevelt,
1073
WEST INDIA ISLANDS: Act of
Navigation, 20, 79
Navy Island, in the Niagara River,
North America: seized in the Cana-
dian Insurrection (1837), 24, 515
Nawa Nagatoshi (12th century A. D.),
Chinese military officer: aids Em-
peror Godaigo, 7, 85
Naxos, one of the Cyclades in the
^Egean Sea: Persian expedition
against, 2, 133; conquered by Per-
sians, 165; revolts against Athens,
234; sea-fight off, 430; created Ital-
ian duchy, 536
Naxos, Sicily: founded, 2, 83; at war
with Syracuse, 299; joins Athens,
334; beset by Syracuse, 408
Naza, Fray Marcos de (16th century),
Spanish Franciscan explorer: dis-
coveries of, 22, 73, 112
Nazibugash, King of Babylonia, 14th
century B. C. : usurps throne, I, 78
Nazirites, Jewish sect: description of,
If 391
Neale, Thomas (late 17th century),
American postmaster: authorized to
take charge of postal business of
colonies, 23, 153
Nearchus (late 4th century B. C).
Macedonian officer: Alexander's ad-
miral, 2, 502, 505
Nebokatov, Admiral (early 20th cen-
tury), Russian naval officer: his
services in the Russo-Japanese War L
7. 314
Nebraska, one of the United States,
means " water valley " or " shallow
river": affected by Missouri Com-
promise, 23, 456; bill for organizing
introduced in Congress, 24, 630;
part of Northwest Territory, 631;
Presidential election of 1900, 1040
Nebuchadnezzer I, King of Babylonia,
20th century B. C: reign of, 1,
78
Nebuchadrezzar (Nabu-kudurreusur)
II, King of Babylon, 7th century
B. C: reign of, 1, 92; besieges Tyre,
125; establishes peace between the
Medes and Lydians, 158; besieges
Jerusalem, 399
Necho I, King of Memphis in Egypt,
late 7th century B. C: sent as pris-
oner to Nineveh, 1, 30
Necho II (Nechos), King of Egypt,
609-594 B. C: reign of, 1, 31; de-
feats the King of Judah, 399; ex-
pedition of, 20, 9 note
Necker, Jacques (1 732-1804), French
statesman and financier: appointed
minister of finance, 9, 254, 10, 28;
retires, 9, 225, 10, 30; recalled, 9,
260, 10, 37; at the opening of the
States-General, 10, 42; becomes the
leader of the assembly, 53; banished,
9, 263, 10, 56; returns to France, 9,
265, 10, 72; favors the English con-
stitution, 10, 80; desires the crea-
tion of a senate, 87; invested with a
financial dictatorship, 106; resigns,
123
Nectanebis or Nectanbo: see Nekta-
nebos
Neeracher (18th century), Swiss pot-
ter: banished, 13, 505
Neerwinden, Belgium: battles of
(1693), 9, 219, 11, 440, 13, 245;
(1793), 9 283, 10, 249, 13, 263, 17,
281, 18, 357
Negrete, General (19th century), Mex-
ican military officer: made member
of triumvirate, 22, 258
Negretti, General (19th century), Mex-
ican military officer: his campaign
against the French, 22, 385
Negro Plot, The, in American his-
GENERAL INDEX
497
tory, a threatened slave insurrec-
tion in New York City (1741): ac-
count of, 23, 132
Negroes: see Slavery
Nehavend, Persia: battle of (ca. 641
A. D.), 1, 263, 5, 323
Nehemiah (ca. 450 B. C), Governor
of Judaea: sketch of, 1, 402
Neidhardt (19th century), Russian
statesman: made governor of the
Caucasus, 15, 299
Neipperg, Wilhelm Reinhardt, Count
of (1684-1774), Austrian soldier: ne-
gotiations of, 15, 124
Neit-akrit (Nitokris), Queen of Egypt,
ca. 2500 B. C. : reign of, 1, 17
Neiva, South America: rebels against
Spanish authority, 21, 56
Nektanebos I (Nekht-hor-heb, Nec-
tanebo I), King of Egypt, 378-364
B. C: reign of, 1, 33
Nektanebos II (Nekt-nel-ef, Necta-
nebo or Nectanebis), King of Egypt,
361-340 B. C: reign of, 1, 33
Neleus (ca. 1000 B. C), son of King
Codrus: establishes Miletus, 2, 55
Nelson, New Zealand: settled, 20, 212
Nelson, Horatio, first Viscount Nel-
son, English naval officer, called the
Duke of Thunder: born at Burn-
ham-Thorpe, Norfolk, England, Sep-
tember 29, 1758; entered the navy,
1770; made post-captain, 1779;
served in the American war; made
captain of the Agamemnon, 1793;
took part in the battle off Cape St.
Vincent, 1797; attempted to inter-
cept Napoleon's expedition to
Egypt, 1798; failed in this, but de-
stroyed the French fleet in the har-
bor of Aboukir, August 1-2, 1798;
made vice-admiral and a peer, 1800;
was made Viscount Nelson after
winning the battle of Copenhagen,
1801; fought the French-Spanish
fleet off Cape Trafalgar, October 21,
1805, but lost his life in the engage-
ment; was buried in St. Paul's Ca-
thedral, January 8, 1806
At the battle off Cape St. Vincent,
11, 547; wins the battle of the Nile,
9, 309, 11, 549; at the battle of Co-
penhagen, 11, 552, 16, 255; in Rus-
sia, 15, 208; at the battle of Trafal-
gar, 8, 484, 9, 324, 10, 463, 11, 557,
23, 406
Nelson, Samuel (1792-1873), American
judge: in Joint High Commission,
24, 883
Nelson, William (1 825-1 862), Amer-
ican general: organizes Kentucky
troops, 24, 722
Nemed, leader of Nemedians: leads
colonists to Ireland, 12, 23
Nemesis: Greek theory of, 2, 124
Nemours, Duke of (17th century),
French commander: commands
troops in insurrection of the
Fronde, 9, 204
Nemours, Treaty of, a treaty con-
cluded at Nemours, between Henry
III, and the chiefs of the league
(1585), 9, 161
Neo-Hellenic Party, The: in Greece,
3, 548
Neolithic Age: in America, 23, 13; in
Egypt, 1, 4; in England, 11, 4; in
Greece, 2, 21
Nepherites: see Naifaarut
Nepokoi-shitski, General (19th cen-
tury), Russian military officer: his
campaign against Turkey, 15, 333
Nepomuck, Saint John of: see John
of Nepomuck, Saint
Nepos, Julius (d. 480 A. D.), Emperor
of the West, 474-475: reign of, 4,
ISO
Neras, Treaty of, a treaty concluded
between the religious combatants
of France (1578), 9, 160
Nerchinsk, Treaty of, a treaty con-
cluded between China and Russia
(1689), 6, 67, 80
Neresheim, Germany: battle of (1796),
9, 300
Nergal-sharezer (Neriglissar), King
of Babylon, ca. 550 B. C: reign of,
1, 93
Nergal-ushegib, King of Babylon, ca.
690 B. C: reign of, 1, 88
Neri, Italian political faction: rise of,
4, 212
Neriglissar: see Nergal-sharezer
Nero (originally Lucius Domitius
Ahenobarbus, later Nero Claudius
Caesar Drusus Germanicus), Roman
498
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Emperor, 54-68 A. D.: born at An-
tium, Italy, December 15, 37 A. D.;
adopted by his step-father, the Em-
peror Claudius, 50 A. D.; succeeded
Claudius, 54 A. D., to the exclusion
of Claudius's son Britannicus;
caused Britannicus to be poisoned,
55; procured the assassination of his
mother, 59; was accused of kindling
the fire which destroyed a large
part of Rome, 64, and to divert
suspicion ordered a persecution of
the Christians whom he accused of
causing the conflagration; visited
Greece, 66-68; overthrown by a re-
volt under Galba, 68; and commit-
ted suicide near Rome, June 9, 68
A. D.
Adopted by Claudius, 4, 60; reign
of, 62; condition of Spain under, 8,
25; mentioned, 2, 523; death of, 4,
68
Nero, Gaius Claudius (ca. 200 B. C.)>
Roman consul: sent to Spain, 3,
126; at battle of Grumentum, 128;
at battle of Metaurus, 128
Nero of the North, The: see Chris-
tian II, King of Denmark
Nerva, Cocceius (ca. 40 B. C.) Roman
statesman: influences a new division
of territory among the triumvirs, 4,
20
Nerva, Cocceius (d. 33 A. D.), Roman
jurist: death of, 4, 53
Nerva, Marcus Cocceius (32-98 A. D.),
Roman Emperor, 96-98 A. D.: reign
of, 4, 86
Nerva, Publius (ca. 100 B. C), Roman
statesman: governor of Sicily, 3,
187
Nes-bi-n-dedi: see Smendes
Nessebrode, Count Karl Robert (1780-
1862), Russian statesman and diplo-
matist: plans present division of
Poland, 17, 313; his interview with
Metternich, 325; in Crimean war,
14, 450, 451, 453
Nestor, legendary King of Pylus: in
Homeric poems, 2, 33
Nestor (ca. 1056-1114), Russian chron-
icler: chronicle of, 15, 195
Nestor of Europe, The: see Leopold
I, King of Belgium
Nestorian Christians, a modern Chris-
tian body in Persia and Turkey, the
remnant of the followers of Nesto-
rius: their missionaries in China, 6,
15, 19
Netherlands: see Holland
Neuburg, a town in Bavaria: battle
of (1800), 9, 317
Neuchatel, a canton of Switzerland:
transferred to Prussia, 13, 479; rev-
olution in (1830), 538; outline of its
history, 558
Neueneck, Switzerland: battle of
(1798), 13, 511
Neufchateau, Count Francois of
(1750-1828), French statesman and
poet: made member of the direct-
ory, 9, 305
Neuhausel, Hungary: taken by Turks
(1663), 14, 236; retained by treaty,
242
Neuss, Prussia: siege of (1474-1475),
13, 46, 406, 18, 217
Neutral rights: in treaty of Ghent
(1814), 23, 429
Neutrals, League of, the revival of a
convention formed by Russia, Den-
mark, Sweden, and Prussia during
the American Revolution to protect
their commerce from English coer-
cion: revival of (1800), 10, 446
Neva, a river of northern Russia: bat-
tle of the (1240), 15, 10
Nevada, a state of the United States,
means "white as snow" or "snow-
clad," called The Sage Hen State:
ceded to the United States, 24, 552;
Presidential election of 1880, 931;
Presidential election of 1900, 1040
Nevers, Charles de Gonzaga, Duke of:
see Gonzaga, Charles de, Duke of
Nevers
Nevers, John the Fearless, Count of:
see John the Fearless, Duke of Bur-
gundy
Nevil (Nevill), George (1433-1476),
Archbishop of York, English prel-
ate: deprived of chancellorship, 11,
216
GENERAL INDEX
499
Nevill (Nevil), John (d. 1471). Mar-
quis of Montague and Earl of
Northumberland, brother of the
great Earl of Warwick: defeats
Queen Margaret, II, 215; deserts
Edward IV, 217; death of, 217
Nevill (Nevil), Richard, Earl of War-
wick: see Warwick, Richard Nevill,
Earl of
Nevill's Cross, England: battle of
(1346), 11, 161
New Africa, old Roman province in
Numidia: formed, 3, 360
New Amsterdam: see New York City
New Berne or Newbern, North Caro-
lina: massacre at, 23, 74
New Brunswick, a province of the
Dominion of Canada: contests be-
tween the governor and the legisla-
ture, 20, 163; boundary dispute with
Maine, 23, 514
New Caledonia, an island in the Pa-
cific Ocean, east of Australia: taken
by France (1853), 20, 275
New England, a name given collec-
tively to the northeastern section of
the United States, consisting of
Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont,
Massachusetts, Connecticut, and
Rhode Island: explored and named
by Capt. John Smith, 23, 87; popu-
lation at outbreak of the Revolution,
127; manufacturing and maritime
industries, 134; shipbuilding, 135;
literature and arts, 142; colonial
newspapers, 144; Congregational
church in every town, 145; social
life, 155; opposition of, to War of
1812, 430; granted immunities in
War of 1812, 431; immigration to
Ohio from, 442; accepts high tariff
on raw material, 473; condemns Bu-
chanan's Kansas policy, 24, 670; en-
thusiastic reception of Lincoln's
speeches, 681
New England Anti-Slavery Society, a
society organized in Boston, de-
manding immediate and uncondi-
tional abolition of slavery in the
United States: organized (1831), 24,
574
New England Confederation, a league
formed by the Connecticut, New
Haven, Plymouth, and Massachu-
setts colonies for their common wel-
fare and defense: formation of
(1643), 23, 96; articles of, 96; status
of Massachusetts in, 97; dissolved,
97; decline of, after Restoration, 99
New France, North American colony:
named, 20, 49; history of, 81;
growth of, 106; summary of, 23,
51; see also Canada
New Granada, province of South
America: created, 20, 104; made a
viceroyalty, 21, 40; during the revo-
lution, 63; united with Venezuela,
69; see also Colombia
New Guinea, island of the Pacific
Ocean: British possessions in, 20,
217, 256; German possessions in,
302
New Hampshire, one of the United
States, called The Granite State:
Gosnold explores the coast, 23, 54;
origin, 95; first settlements, 95; dis-
sensions of, 95; made separate royal
province, 95; forms Vermont, 95;
colonial government of, 115; linen
manufactures of, 134; educational
growth, 140; Congregational Church
supported by taxation, 148; aids in
capture of Louisburg, 164; adopts a
constitution, 238; quarrels with New
York over Vermont, 312; paper cur-
rency riots, 316; disorders in colony,
321; appoints delegates for Annap-
olis Convention, 322; chooses dele-
gates for Constitutional Conven-
tion, 323; ratifies the Constitution,
336; opposes financial plans of
Hamilton, 350; attitude toward War
of 1812, 431; in Hartford Conven-
tion, 23, 431; measures toward abo-
lition of slavery adopted, 24, 563;
education of negroes prohibited in,
575; state election of 1855, 646;
Presidential election of 1892 in, 992
New Haven, Connecticut, called the
City of Elms: origin of, 23, 92; in-
cluded in Connecticut Charter, 93;
in New England Confederation, 96;
Yale College founded at, 140; suf-
frage laws, 148
500
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
New Holland: see Australia
New Jersey, one of the United States,
called Jersey Blue: under the juris-
diction of Andros, ioo; early his-
tory, 108; Franklin acts as agent to
England for, 122; statistics at out-
break of Revolution, 126; status of
society at outbreak of the Revolu-
tion, 132; Princeton and Rutgers
Colleges founded, 141; early
churches, 148; Washington retreats
across, 246; mutiny of troops in
(1781), 306; takes lighthouse at
Sandy Hook, 312; chooses delegates
to Constitutional Convention, 322;
ratifies the Constitution, 336;
measures for gradual emancipation
adopted, 24, 564; abolition societies
formed, 571; Presidential elections
of, 1856, 656; of i860, 683; opposes
Lincoln's re-election, 802; Presiden-
tial elections of 1868, 861; of 1876,
910; 1880, 931; 1884, 947; 1888, 967;
1892, 992
New Jersey Plan, a formulation of the
views of the adherents of the Arti-
cles of Confederation (1787), 23,
326
New Laws, governing Spain's colo-
nial possessions: introduced by
Charles V (1542), 20, 45
New Madrid, Missouri: captured
(1862), 24, 749
New Mexico, a territory of the United
States: General Kearny takes pos-
session of (1846), 24, 549; ceded to
the United States, 552; bought by
the United States, 22, 381; organ-
ized as a territory, 24, 599; bound-
ary dispute with Texas in the Com-
promise of 1850, 601; admission to
the Union refused, 1054; admission
to the Union reconsidered, 1083
New Netherlands: see New York
New Orange: see Albany
New Orleans, Louisiana: prehistoric
skeleton found at, 23, 4; in French
claims, 168; ceded to Spain (1763),
120, 198; battle of (1815), 427, 461;
resolution of appropriation for
painting to commemorate battle of,
474; population in time of Jackson,
479; outbreak against Spanish, 24,
626; Confederates seize United
'States mint, 692; capture of (1862),
751; taxation rate following recon-
struction, 867; governorship contest
in, 868 note; branch of the Whiskey
Ring, 894; outbreak of yellow fever
epidemic (1878), 923; Cotton Cen-
tennial held at, 940; State Lottery,
973; Italians lynched in, 976
New Panama Company, second com-
pany formed to construct a canal
across the Isthmus of Panama
(1884): organized, 24, 1057
New Peruvian Route to the Plain of
the Amazon, A: described, 21, 305
New Plymouth, New Zealand, settled
(ca. 1841), 20, 212; takes name of
Taranaki (1859), 214
New Republic, independent Boer state
in southern Africa: founded, 19,
216
New Ritualists, Russian religious
schismatics: origin of, 15, 23
New Ross, Ireland: battle of (1798),
12, 211
New Salem, Illinois: Lincoln made
postmaster of, 24, 666
New Siberia Islands, Arctic Ocean:
discovered, 16, 317
New South Wales, South-Eastern
Australia: receives its name, 20,
181; government of, 197; ratifies the
new Constitution (1899), 20, 206
New Spain (Nueva Espana), a name
given to Central America and Mex-
ico: first application of the name,
22, 4
New Sweden, Delaware: founded, 23,
108
New Testament: see Bible
New World, The Gibraltar of: see
Quebec
New York City (New Amsterdam),
New York: founded, 13, 221, 20, 64,
23, 102; captured by the English,
11, 386; condition of the Jews, 1,
424; negro massacres (1711 and
1741), 23, 132; population at out-
break of the Revolution, 127; be-
GENERAL INDEX
501
comes center of trade and com-
merce, 136; stage-line to Philadel-
phia established, 151; mails with
Philadelphia established, 152; in-
auguration of Washington, 341; pro-
posed for Capital, 350; population
in time of Jackson, 479; becomes
metropolis, 480; anti-slavery mass
meeting, 24, 636; visit of Louis Kos-
suth, 640; Lincoln makes speech at,
706; demonstrations over iall of
Richmond, 811; draft riots (1865),
818; popular respect shown to Lin-
coln's remains, 827; Democratic
convention (1868), 858; Tweed Ring,
897; centennial anniversary of the
adoption of the Constitution, 987
New York Regiment, Seventh: gar-
risons Washington (1861), 24, 730
New York State, one of the United
States, called The Empire State,
The Excelsior State, and the Knick-
erbocker State: Champlain explores,
23, 50; under jurisdiction of Andros,
100; explorations of Hudson, 101;
settlement of Dutch, 102; struggle
for liberty, 103; surrendered to Eng-
lish, 104; secures liberal charter,
105; statistics at outbreak of the
Revolution, 126; patroon system,
132; trade in furs and peltries, 136;
public schools and colleges estab-
lished, 140; colonial newspapers,
144; Catholics denied franchise, 148;
Dutch Reformed Church estab-
lished, 148; Acts of 1700 and 1744
passed, 148; Episcopal Church es-
tablished, 148; establishes a monthly
mail between New York City and
Boston, 152; in Colonial Congress,
158; Parliament suspends function
of legislature (1767), 215; cedes to
United States her claims to western
lands, 302; taxes produce from New
Jersey and Connecticut, 311; quar-
rels with New Hampshire over Ver-
mont, 312; gives up claims to North-
west Territory, 317; rejects impost
amendment to Articles of Confed-
eration, 322; chooses delegates for
Constitutional Convention, 323; rat-
ification of national Constitution,
337; rank as to population, 479;
panic of 1837, 512; sympathizes in
Canadian Insurrection, 515; two
delegations sent to Democratic
convention (1848), 24, 555; election
of 1848, 559; measures for gradual
emancipation adopted, 564; abolition
societies formed, 571; negro rescue
at Syracuse (1851), 616; state elec-
tion of 1855, 646; Presidential elec-
tion of 1854, 645; condemns Buchan-
an's Kansas policy, 670; meeting of
the Albany Democracy, 816; Presi-
dential election of 1868, 861; election
of 1874, 897; Presidential election
of 1876, 910; Blaine's campaign
speeches (1884), 947; Presidential
elections of 1884, 947; of 1888, 967;
Mormonism originates in, 982;
Presidential election of 1892, 992
New York Trespass Act, in American
history, law by which damages
could be recovered from Tories who
had taken possession of the aban-
doned estates of Whigs (ca. 1784),
23, 308
New Zealand, island in the Pacific
Ocean, called the Britain of the
South: discovered, 20, 123; history
of, 210
New Zealand Company, an English
trading company: chartered, 20,
212; dissolved, 213
Newark, Ohio: settled by New Eng-
enders, 23, 108
Newark (Newark-upon-Trent), Eng-
land: sieges of (1645), 12, 340;
(1646), 11, 355
Newberry, James (late 16th century),
English mercantile adventurer: set-
tles in India, 5, 157
Newburgh, William of: see William
of Newburgh
Newburn, England: battle of (1640),
11, 337, 12, 339
Newbury, England: battles of (1643),
11, 345; (1644), 350
Newcastle, a town in New South
Wales, Australia: founded, 20, 184
Newcastle, Henry Pelham Pelham-
502
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Clinton, Duke of (1811-1864), Eng-
lish military officer: in the Crimean
War, 15, 310
Newcastle, Thomas Pelham, Duke of
(1693-1768), English statesman:
sketch of, 11, 484; made Prime
Minister, 494; becomes First Lord
of the Treasury, 499; resigns, 505
Newcastle, William Cavendish, Mar-
quis of (1592-1676), English states-
man and writer: commands Royal-
ist forces, 11, 345
Newcastle-on-Tyne, a town in Eng-
land: built, 11, 86; siege of (1644),
12, 339
Newchwang, a city in Manchuria,
China: treaty port, 6, 166, 311, 315
Newfoundland, an island of North
America: settled by the Northmen,
21, 3; discovered by the English,
5, 156, 20, 49, 21, 15; settled by the
English, 20, 49; becomes England's
property, 20, 86, 23, 162; under Eng-
lish rule, 20, 149; fishery privileges
granted to the United States, 23,
443, 24, 959; Hay-Bond Treaty pro-
posed with, 24, 1077; history of, 20,
177
Newman, John Henry (1801-1890),
English clergyman: mentioned, 11,
611
Newnes, Sir George (1851 ), Eng-
lish publisher and politician: sends
out Antarctic expedition, 16, 334
Newport, Rhode Island: founded
(1636), 23, 94; center of rum and
negro trade, 135
Newport, Christopher (ca. 1565-1617),
English navigator: in command of
Virginia settlers, 23, 57; conference
with Powhatan, 58
Newport, Treaty (or Negotiation) of,
negotiations opened between the
Houses of Parliament and Charles
II (1648): mentioned, 11, 360
Newspapers, American: in the colo-
nies, 23, 144; influence of New
York "Tribune," 24, 799; sup-
pressed during Civil War, 817
Newton, Sir Isaac, an English mathe-
matician and natural philosopher:
born at Woolsthorpe, near Gran-
tham, Lincolnshire, England, De-
cember 25, 1642; matriculated at
Trinity College, Cambridge, July
8, 1661, and graduated January,
1665; made a fellow of Trinity,
1667, and Lucasian professor at
Cambridge, 1669; became a fellow
of the Royal Society, January,
1672; had completely elaborated
the universal law of gravitation by
1685; represented the University of
Cambridge in Parliament, 1689;
was reelected, 1701; was master of
the mint, 1699; and the reformation
of the English coinage was largely
his work; was elected foreign asso-
ciate of the French Academy of
Sciences, 1699; elected President of
the Royal Society, 1703, an office
which he held until his death at
Kensington, England, March 20,
1727
Sketch of, 11, 419; assists in re-
storing the currency, 444
Newtownbarry, Ireland: battles of
(1798), 12, 211; (1831), 224
Newtownbutler, Ireland: battle of
(1689), 12, 140
Ney, Michel, Duke of Elchingen,
Prince de la Moskowa (1 769-181 5),
French soldier, called the Bravest
of the Brave: made marshal of the
empire, 9, 322; in the Napoleonic
wars, 18, 384, 389; his campaign
against Russia, 15, 226; joins Na-
poleon, 9, 360, 10, 500; in the
Waterloo campaign, 13, 287; death
of, 9, 368
Neyen, John de (early 17th century),
Dutch diplomat: his mission to
The Hague, 13, 185
Nezib, Syria: battle of (1839), 9, 419,
14, 436, 15, 292
Niagara, New York: expedition
planned against, 23, 176; captured
by English (1758), 192; (1814), 20,
154; given up by England, 23, 362
"Niagara," American frigate: boarded
by Perry, 23, 423
Niagara Falls, New York: Whig
demonstration at (1852), 24, 621
Niall of the Nine Hostages, King of
GENERAL INDEX
503
Ireland, 379-405 A. D.: reign of, 12,
25
Nibelungenlied, The, German poem:
account of, 16, 9, 13, 18, 178
Nicaea (Nice), Asia Minor: Greek
empire in, 2, 536; desired by the
Turks, 14, 5, 17; surrenders to Ork-
han, 23; sacked by Timur, 51
Nicaea, Councils of, Church councils:
(325 A. D.), 2, 527, 4, 121; (789 A.
D.), 9, 43
Nicaragua, a state of Central Amer-
ica: history of, 22, 439; early nego-
tiations concerning a canal, 24,
613; Walker attempts to form a re-
public in, 626; canal treaty with the
United States, 959; grants conces-
sion for canal construction, 1055;
failure of American construction
company, 1057
Nice, France: siege of, 4, 305; cap-
tured by the French, 9, 143
Nicephorus I, Byzantine Emperor,
802-811 A. D.: acknowledges
Charlemagne's title, 18, 85; at war
with the Saracens, 1, 351
Nicephorus (II) Phocas, Byzantine
Emperor, 963-969 A. D.: career of,
1, 367
Niceratus, son of Nicias, an Athe-
nian: put to death, 2, 384
Nicholas II (Gerard), Pope, 1058-
1061: supported by the Council of
Spalato, 17, 38; opposes the em-
pire, 18, 131
Nicholas III (Giovanni Gaetano),
Pope, 1277-1280: enforces measures
of reconciliation in all Italian cities,
4, 213; interferes between Philip
of France and Alfonso of Leon, 8,
155; progress of temporal power of
Papacy under, 4, 220
Nicholas IV (Girolamo d'Aseoli),
Pope, 1288-1292: sends embassy to
Arghun, 5, 335
Nicholas V (Tommaso Parentricolli),
Pope, 1447-1455: accession, 4, 277;
grants jurisdiction of African dis-
coveries to Portuguese, 5, 146
Nicholas I (1796-1855), Emperor of
Russia, 1825-1855, called the Iron
Emperor: made heir presumptive,
15, 267; favors Holland in Belgian
Revolution, 13, 298; accession of,
15, 271; crowned at Warsaw, 293;
his relations to the Eastern Ques-
tion, 11, 614, 14, 422, 2, 545, 17,
325, 349; policy of, 14, 444; assists
Austria, 18, 401; death of, 14, 458,
15, 317
Nicholas II (1868 ), Emperor of
Russia, 1894 : visits Japan, 7,
191. *5, 345; visits India, 5, 273,
15, 345; accession of, 14, 495, 15,
345; reign of, 15, 345; visits France,
9, 489, 15, 348
Nicholas (I) Petrovitch, Prince of
Montenegro, i860 : sketch of,
15, 343
Nicholas Nikolaivitch (1831-1891),
Grand Duke of Russia: at the bat-
tle of Inkerman, 15, 316; in Russo-
Turkish War (1870), 14, 479, 15,
333
Nicholas von der Flue (1417-1487),
a Swiss hermit: sketch of, 13, 411
Nicholaus (late 12th century), Bishop
of Oslo, a Scandinavian bishop:
founds the Croziers, 16, 98
Nicholaus Albinensis: see Adrian
IV, Pope
Nicholls, Francis T. (19th century),
an American politician: elected
governor of Louisiana, 24, 872 note
Nicholson, Sir Francis (d. 1728), a
British colonial official: captures
Port Royal, 23, 161; burns fort
near Lake Champlain, 162
Nicholson, John (1821-1857), an Eng-
lish soldier: sketch of, 5, 235
Nicias (d. 413 B. C), Athenian gen-
eral: opposes Cleon, 2, 305; cap-
tures Cythera, 309; concludes peace
of Nicias, 317; opposes Alcibiades,
322; opposes Sicilian expedition,
329; sent to Sicily, 332; his plans,
333; besieges Syracuse, 337; his
dilatoriness, 338 ; sends for aid,
340; refuses to raise siege, 343;
captured, 347; slain, 347
Nicobar Islands, Bay of Bengal:
sketch of, 20, 253
504
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Nicodemia, Asia Minor: made capi-
tal of Roman province, 2, 526
Nicodromus (5th century B. C.)
Greek citizen of Aegina: conspiracy
of, *, 173
Nicola, Colonel (late 18th century),
American army officer: invites
Washington to assume dictatorship,
23, 306
Nicolas: see Nicholas
Nicolls, Sir Richard (1 624-1 672), the
first English colonial governor of
New York: sent with king's troops,
23, 104
Nicolsburg, Treaties of: (1) a treaty
by which Bethlen gave up the
crown of Hungary to Ferdinand II
(1620), 17, 226; (2) a treaty by
which Austria gave up her leader-
ship in Germany to Prussia (1866),
17, 392, 18, 412
Nicomedes (III) Philopator, King of
Bithynia, 91-74 B. C: invades Pon-
tus, 3, 215
Nicomedia, ancient city of Bithynia,
Asia Minor: desired by Ottomans,
14, 17; captured by Orkhan, 23
Nicopolis, Pontus, Asia Minor: found-
ed, 3, 275; battle of (48 B. C), 354
Nicopolis (Nikopoli), Bulgaria: battle
of (1396), 9, 109, 13, 37, 14, 37, 17,
155; seized by the Russians (1877),
15, 333
Nicosia, Cyprus: siege of, 4, 309
Nidhart of Reuenthal (13th century),
Bavarian poet: sketch of, 17, 98
Nidwalden, Switzerland: opposes the
Helvetic Constitution, 13, 514
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg (1776-1831),
German historian and critic: his ef-
forts to liberate Germany, 18, 375
Niebuhr, Karstf is (1733-1815), Ger-
man traveler: Bernstorf sends to
Arabia, 16, 240
Niel, Adolphe (1802-1869), French
marshal: made minister of war,
9, 459; makes an inspection of the
Franco-Belgian frontier, 13, 309
Niels I, King of Denmark, 1105-1135:
reign of, 16, 75; death of, 77
Niemcewicz, Julian Ursyn (1757-1841),
Polish statesman, historian, and
poet: quoted, 15, 202
Nien, General (18th century), Chinese
military officer: account of, 6, 79
Nienfei Rebels, Chinese marauders:
rebellion of, 6, 209
Nienschantz, Sweden: capture of
(1703), 15, 91
Nieuport, Belgium: siege of (1600),
13, 172
Nifisay (14th century), daughter of
Murad: marriage of, 14, 31
Niger, river in Africa: struggle for,
19, 147
Niger, Caius Pescennius (d. 194 A.
D.), Roman commander: proclaimed
emperor by his troops, 4, 100
Nigeria, Africa: formed, 19, 156
Night Caps (Nattmosser), Swedish
party: mentioned, 16, 226
Nightingale, Florence (1820 ),
English philanthropist: her work in
Crimea, 11, 617, 14, 458
Nihilism: sketch of, 15, 332, 341
Nikaia, India: founded, 5, 68
Nikitin, Athanasius (d. 1472), Russian
traveler: visits India, 5, 141
Nikko, Japan: battle of, 7, 170
Nikolaus (13th century), grandson of
Valdemar II: invested with Bleking
and Halland, 16, 91
Nikolsburg: see Nicolsburg
Nikon (1605-1681), Russian scholar
and theologian, Patriarch of Russia:
schism of, 15, 22
Nile, Africa: battle of the (1798), 8,
483, 527, 10, 409, 11, 549, 14, 380,
20, 141
Nilsson, Carl (14th century), Swedish
citizen: death of, 16, 109
Nimeguen (Nimwegen, Nymwegen),
Peace of, a series of treaties con-
cluded between France and the
United Provinces in 1678 and 1679,
8, 383, 9, 212, 11, 405, 13, 240, 241,
18, 302, 19, 33, 20, 64, 72
Nimeguen on the Waal, Netherlands:
battles of (1589), 13, 1555 0794), 9,
290
Nimmyo, Emperor of Japan, 12th
century: marriage of, 7, 45
GENERAL INDEX
505
Nimrod, The Modern: see Napoleon
(I) Bonaparte, Emperor of the
French
Nimrud: see Calah
"Nina," Spanish vessel: fitted out for
Columbus, 23, 29
Nine Days' Queen: see Grey, Lady
Jane
Nine Hostages, Hero of the: see Nial
the Great, King of Ireland
"Nine Ways," The: chosen as site for
Athenian fort, 2, 236
Ninety-six, South Carolina: battle of
(1780), 23, 274; recaptured by
Americans, 23, 282
Ninety-two Resolutions, a statement
of grievances addressed by Canada
to the English government, 20, 155
Nineveh (Nina, Ninua), in ancient
geography, a city of the Assyrian
empire: location of, I, 64; sacked
and burned (606 B. C), 92, 158; bat-
tle of (627 A. D.), 5, 321
Ningpo, China: occupation of, 6, 138
Ningyuan, China: defense of, 6, 46
Nino, Alonso (1455-1505), Spanish
navigator: discoveries of, 21, 15
Ninth Virginia Regiment: loss at
Gettysburg, 24, 782
Nioro, Africa: captured by the French
(1891), 19, 151
Nioto, General (19th century), South
American military officer: aids Cas-
tilla, 21, 199
Nisch, Egypt: captured from the
Turks (1688), 17, 231; sieges of
(1690), 14, 259; (1737), 310
Nishi-Rosen Protocol, an agreement
concluded between Russia and Ja-
pan defining their position in Korea
(1898), 7, 296
Nisibin, Asia Minor: battle of, 1, 38
Nisibis, Turkish Empire: siege of
(337 A. D.), 5, 318
Nissa, Servia: captured by the Turks
(1376), 14, 30; Turks defeated near
(1443), 62
Nissa River, Denmark: battle of
(1064), 16, 67
Nissage-Saget (late 19th century),
mulatto president of Hayti, 1870-
1874: his administration, 22, 501
Nitokris: see Neit-akrit
Nitra, Moravia: oldest Moravian
Christian church consecrated at, 17,
30; taken by the Bohemians, 74
Nitta Yoshisada (14th century), Japa-
nese noble and soldier: besieges
Mount Kongo (1333), 7, 86; sketch
of, 87; his campaign against Ashi-
kaga Takauji, 88; death of, 90
Niu-chwang, Manchuria, Chinese Em-
pire: captured by the Japanese
(1895), 7, 272; occupied by Russia,
285
Nivelle, river of southern France: bat-
tle of the (1814), 8, 531
Nizam Shahi Dynasty, Mohammedan
kingdom in India (1490-1636): ac-
count of, 5, 106
Nizam-ul-Mulk (nth century), Per-
sian statesman: career of, 5, 331
Nizam-ul-Mulk Asof Jah (Chin Kuleck
Khan) (18th century), independent
ruler of the viceroyalty of the Dec-
can in India, 1720-1724: revolt of,
5, 126; founds a dynasty, 178
Njord, one of the Norse gods and a
legendary King of Sweden: account
of, 16, 35
Noailles, Adrien Maurice, Duke of
(1678-1766), French statesman:
president of the council of finance,
9, 227; dismissed from the office,
230; campaign in Germany, 236
Noailles, Louis Antoine de (1695-
1729), French ecclesiastic and diplo-
mat: president of the Council of
Conscience, 9, 227
Noailles, Viscomte Louis Marie de
(1756-1804), French statesman: in-
forms the Assembly of the Paris in-
surrection, 10, 69; at the night ses-
sion of August 4, 1789, 9, 265
Noailles, Philippe de Due de Moachy
(1715-1794), French marshal: death
of, 9, 289
No-Amen: see Thebes
Nobiling (late 19th century), German
criminal: his attempt to assassinate
the emperor, 18, 445
Nobilion, Quintus Fulvius, Roman
general and statesman, consul, 153
B. C: campaign in Spain, 3, 161
506
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Noboa, Diego, South American states-
man: president of Ecuador, 21, no
Nobrega, Emmanuel de (1517-1570),
a Portuguese Jesuit: his work in
Brazil, 20, 92
"Noche Triste," in Mexican history,
the night of June 30-31, 1520: de-
scription of, 32, 37
Nodier, Charles (1783-1844), French
writer: publishes the " Illyrian Tele-
graph," 17, 301
Nodzu Michitsura, Viscount (1844
), Japanese officer: in Chino-
Japanese war, 6, 268, 7, 267
No-flint General: see Grey, Charles,
Earl Grey
Nogaret, Jacques Ramel de (1260-
1313). French statesman: takes pos-
session of the person of Boniface
VIII, 9, 88
Nogi, Baron Ki-teu (1851 ), Japa-
nese general: his services in the
Russo-Japanese War, 7, 311, 15, 361
Noir, Victor (Yvan Salmon) (1848-
1870), French journalist: death of,
9, 460
Noircarmes (late 16th century), Bel-
gian statesman and soldier: his cam-
paign against the Calvinists, 13, 101;
at the siege of Mons, 113
Nola, Italy: battle of, 3, 123
Nolan, Lewis Edward (1839-1854),
English officer: in the Crimean
War, 15, 315
Noll, Old: see Cromwell, Oliver
Nolle, Antonio (late 15th century),
Genoese explorer: discovers the
Cape de Verd islands, 8, 318
Nombre de Dios, Central America:
founded (1501), 31, 16; taken by
Drake (1573), 30
Nomentum, Italy: forms an alliance
with Rome, 3, 20; loses its inde-
pendence, 67
Nomophylaces, Athenian officers:
functions of the, 2, 239
Non- Aryans in India: description of,
5, 25
Non-Intercourse Resolution, a bill
passed by the first Continental Con-
gress restricting trade with Great
Britain (1775): described, 33, 284
Noot, Hendrik Nikolaas van der: see
Van der Noot, Hendrik Nikolaas
Nootka Sound Convention, conference
between Russia and England (1790):
mentioned, 24, 541
Norbanus, Gaius, Roman consul, 83 B.
C: elected consul, 3, 225; defeated
at Capua, 226
Norbert, Archbishop of Bremen
(1092-1134), German ecclesiastic: his
sway extended over Denmark, 16,
78
Norby, Soren (Severin) (d. 1530),
Danish admiral: defeats the Ltibeck-
ers and Swedes, 16, 140; in the
Swedish Revolution, 153; supports
Christian II of Denmark, 192
Norcia, Italy: battle of (113 B. C.)
17, II, 18, 4
Nord, Alexis, negro soldier and states-
man, President of Hayti, 1902 :
proclaimed president, 22, 501
Norddeutsche Bund, a confederation
of German states (1866), 18, 413
Nordenskjold, Baron Nils Adolf Erik
(1832-1901), Swedish Polar ex-
plorer: explorations in the Arctic
Regions, 5, 156, 16, 315; his ex-
plorations in the Antarctic Regions,
16, 336
Nordlingen, Bavaria, Germany: bat-
tles of (1634), 9, 190, 13, 211, 16,
186, 18, 288; (1644), 9, 199
Norfolk, England: origin of, 1 1, 19
Norfolk, Virginia: burned (1775), 23,
236; Confederates seize navy yard,
24, 692, 717; evacuated, 756
Norfolk, Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke
of: see Howard, Thomas, Earl of
Surrey and 3rd Duke of Norfolk
Norfolk, Thomas Howard, 4th Duke
of (1536-1572), English politician:
convicted of treason, 11, 262; in the
Ridolfi plot, 287
Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray, Duke of:
see Mowbray, Thomas, Earl of Not-
tingham and Duke of Norfolk
Norfolk Island, Australia: convict
settlement established at, 20, 132
Noria, Plan of, a manifesto issued by
the Mexican general, Diaz (1871),
22, 402
GENERAL INDEX
507
Noricum, in ancient geography, a
country in Europe: added to the
Roman empire, 17, 12; invaded by
the barbarians, 14; recognizes the
authority of Theodosius, 16; settled
by Lombards, 17; peopled by Slav
colonists, 19
Norman, Sir Henry Wylie (1826-
1904) British military officer: sketch
of, 5, 251
Normandy, a former government of
France: settlement and growth, II,
57, 16, 15, 42; pledged by Duke
Robert to William Rufus, II, 87
Normans, the descendants of the
Northmen who settled in France
under Rollo: devastate Rome, 18,
136; invade Leon, 8, 137; conquer
England, 11, 71
Noronha, Alfonso de (16th century),
Portuguese viceroy of the Indies:
administration of, 8, 436
Noronha, Antonio de (15th century),
governor of Ceuta, Africa: defeated
by Moors, 8, 324; attempts to build
a citadel at the mouth of the River
Marmora (334); viceroy of the In-
dies, 435
Norris, Sir John (1547-1597), English
general: sacks Corunna, II, 298
Norris, Sir John (1 689-1 749), English
naval officer: his relations with
Peter the Great, 15, 64, 67
Norris, Sir Thomas (16th century),
president of Munster, Ireland: fails
to crush Munster rebellion, 12, 97
Norroena Mai: the language of Scan-
dinavia, 16, 8
Norsemen: see Northmen
North, Frederick, Lord North, 2nd
Earl of Guilford (1732-1792), Eng-
lish politician: becomes Chancellor
of the Exchequer, 11, 511, 23, 216;
made Prime Minister, 11, 512; intro-
duces propositions to relieve Irish
trade, 12, 184; resigns premiership,
23, 286; becomes Secretary of State
(1783), 11, 525
North, The, a division of the United
States during the Civil War:
strength and resources, 24, 724;
preparations for war, 739 J opposi-
tion to the Civil War, 764, 815; fi-
nances, 819; cost of the war, 821;
effect of Lincoln's death, 830; see
also Civil War
North, The Lion of the: see Gustavus
(II) Adolphus, King of Sweden
North, The Madman of the: see
Charles XII, King of Sweden
North, The Messalina of the: see
Catherine II, Empress of Russia
North, The Nero of the: see Chris-
tian II, King of Denmark
North, The Queen of the: see Edin-
burgh
North, The Star of the: see Gustavus
(II) Adolphus, King of Sweden
North Africa: sketch of, 19, 3
North America: Cabot discovers, 23,
35; see also Canada, Mexico, and
the United States
North Anna River, Virginia: Lee
withdraws to, 24, 789
North Atlantic Squadron, a division
of the United States navy: at Key
West, 24, 1028
North Borneo Company, British: see
British North Borneo Company
North Carolina, a state of the United
States, called The Old North State,
The Tar State, and The Turpentine
State: first colony planted in, 23,
73; united with South Carolina, 74;
separated and made royal province,
77; Scotch-Irish settle in, 127; lum-
ber and naval stores produced, 137;
colonial newspapers, 144; Church of
England established, 149; claims
right of imposing taxes (1765), 210;
battle of Alamance, 217; instructs
her delegates to concur in a declara-
tion of independence, 239; invaded
by Cornwallis, 279; fails to pay her
share of national government ex-
penses (1781), 313; appoints dele-
gates for Annapolis Convention,
322; chooses delegates for Constitu-
tional Convention, 322; ratifies the
Constitution, 338; slavery regarded
with disfavor, 24, 564; cedes Tennes-
see to government, 567; abolition so-
508
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
cieties formed, 571; Confederates
seize Forts Caswell and Macon, 691;
Confederates seize United States
mint at Charlotte, 692; secedes,
718; provisional governor appointed,
840; reconstruction, 868; Demo-
crats regain control, 873; negro
franchise, 873
North Dakota, a state of the United
States: part of Northwest Territory,
24, 631; admitted to the Union, 985;
Presidential election of 1892, 992
North Foreland, Battle of: see Downs,
Battle of the
North German Confederation, The,
union of German states (1866), 18,
413
North German Missionary Society:
work of, 19, 92
North Inch of Perth, Scotland: battle
of (1400), 12, 287
North Mountain: in Shenandoah Val-
ley, 24, 793
North Sea Commission, The, a body
which met to hear evidence on the
attack made by the Russian fleet on
the British travelers, 15, 363
North State, The Old: see North
Carolina
Northallerton, England: battle of
(1138), called Battle of the Stand-
ard, 12, 264
Northampton, England: battle of
(1460), 11, 211
Northampton, Treaty of, a truce con-
cluded between England and Scot-
land (1328), 12, 283
Northbrook, Thomas George Baring,
Baron (1826-1905), English politi-
cian: his governor-generalship of
India, 5, 253
Northcote, Sir Stafford (1818-1887),
English politician: in Joint High
Commission, 24, 883
Northeast Boundary Dispute, a con-
troversy which existed between the
United States and Great Britain con-
cerning the boundary of the United
States: commission appointed to de-
termine, 23, 430; settlement, 24, 531
Northeast Passage, the sea route from
the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific
Ocean via. the north of Europe and
Asia: accomplished, 16, 316
Northeastern Fisheries: see Fishery
Disputes
Northern Maritime League or Con-
federacy, a league formed by
Sweden, Denmark, Russia, and
Prussia to resist England's interfer-
ence with neutral merchantmen
(1800), 11, 552, 16, 250
Northern Pacific Railroad, a railroad
in the United States: Supreme Court
decision respecting, 24, 972
Northern Seas, The Queen of the: see
Elizabeth, Queen of England
Northern War, The Great, a war be-
tween Sweden on one side and
Russia, Denmark, Saxony, Poland,
Prussia, and Hanover, on the
other (1700-1721), 15, 383, 16, 214
Northfield, a town in Massachusetts:
burned in King Philip's War, 23,
97
Northmen, early Scandinavians:
sources of knowledge of, 16, 7; re-
ligion of, 11, 41; the character of
their expeditions, 16, 13; efforts to
Christianize, 25; plunder the coast
of England, 11, 42; invade Scotland,
12, 254; ravage Germany and
France, 16, 22, 18, 87; in Russia,
16, 39; settle in Normandy, 16, 42,
18, 97; driven from Germany, 18,
99; discover Vinland, 16, 49, 23, 19
Northumberland, a county of Eng-
land: settlement of, 11, 25; con-
quered by the Danes, 42
Northumberland, Henry Percy, Earl
of: see Percy, Henry, Earl of
Northumberland
Northumberland, John Dudley, Dukt
of (1502-1553), English politician:
power of, 11, 267; death of, 269
Northwest Boundary Dispute, a dis-
pute between England and the
United States over the boundary of
Oregon: account of, 24, 541; arbi-
trated by Emperor of Germany, 884;
United States claims sustained, 886
Northwest Company, a company for
trading in the Canadian northwest:
sketch of, 20, 168
GENERAL INDEX
509
Northwest Frontier Province, or
Northwestern Provinces, a lieuten-
ant-governorship of British India:
created, 5, 286; sketch of, 203
Northwest Passage, a passage for
ships from the Atlantic Ocean to
the Pacific by the northern coasts
of the American continent: the Ca-
bots search for, 5, 156; 23, 35; Ver-
razano searches for, 46; Cartier
searches for, 46; see also Polar Re-
search, 16, 295
Northwest Territory, a territory of
the United States, comprising the
present Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,
Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minne-
sota east of the Mississippi: basis
for English claims, 23, 60; ceded
by the various states, 317; govern-
ment of, 318; English military posts
held in, 358; slavery controversy, 24,
631
Norvegicus, Laurentius (16th cen-
tury), a Jesuit priest in Sweden:
summoned to Rome, 16, 165
Norway, the northernmost country of
Europe: legendary history of, 16,
37; under the Ynglingar, 51; Adam
of Bremen's description of, 63; be-
' fore the Union of Calmar, 97; at the
close of the Middle Ages, 141; made
a free elective monarchy, 192; made
a dependency of Denmark, 196; in
the age of political revolution, 247;
arbitration treaty with the United
States, 24, 1076; independence of,
16, 287
Norway, The Maid of: see Margaret,
Queen of Scotland
Norwegian Question, The, the ques-
tion of Norway's status as a nation,
16, 261, 281
Nosey: see Wellington, Arthur
Wellesley, Duke of
Nossi-Be, an island north of Mada-
gascar: taken by the French, 19,
56, 20, 278, 19, 212
Nossi-Cumba, a small island near
Madagascar: the French take pos-
session of, 19, 212
Nossi-Mitsiou, a small island near
Madagascar: the French take pos-
session of, 19, 212
Notables, Assembly of, a council con-
voked on extraordinary occasions
by the French king: appointed, 22,
387; meets, 388
Noteburg: see Schliisselburg
Nothomb, Jean Baptiste, Baron (1805-
1881), Belgian statesman: leads Bel-
gian conservatives, 13, 298
Notions, The City of: see Boston
Notker, surnamed Balbulus (" the
Stammerer " or " the Saint ") (ca.
840-912), Swiss monk and musical
composer: sketch of, 13, 343
Notker, surnamed Labeo (" the Thick-
lipped ") (d. 1022), Swiss monk:
sketch of, 13, 346
Nott, Sir William (1782-1845), Eng-
lish military officer: his campaign in
India, 5, 218
Nottingham, Daniel Finch, Earl of
(1647-1730), an English Tory poli-
tician: leader of the High Tories,
", 455
Nottingham, Thomas Mowbray, Earl
of: see Mowbray, Thomas, Earl of
Nottingham and Duke of Norfolk
Nova Carthago, the Roman name of
Carthagena, Spain: captured by
Scipio, 3, 126;, see also Carthagena
Nova Scotia, North America: settled
by the Northmen (ca. 10th cen-
tury), 21, 3; settled by the English
(1621), 12, 334; named, 23, 161;
granted to Sir William Alexander,
20, 83; history of, 161; ceded to
England (1763), 20, 120, 23, 198; see
also Acadia
Nova Zembla: discovered, 16, 300; cir-
cumnavigated, 315
Novara, Italy: sieges and battles of
(1500), 9, 132; (1511), 4, 293; (1513),
9, 135, 13, 421; (1522), 4, 301;
(1849), 4, 359, 17, 373, 18, 402
Novella, Francisco de (early 19th cen-
tury), Spanish colonial statesman:
made temporary viceroy of New
Spain (1821), 22, 255
November, Battle of the 5th of: see
Inkerman: battle of (1854)
510
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Novgorod, Russia: becomes residence
of Rurik (862 A. D.), 15, 5, 6;
adopts Christianity, 8; submits to
Moscow (1478), 13; taken by the
Swedes (1611), 16, 173
Novi, Italy: battle of (i799)> 9, 3,
10, 408
Novibazar, Bosnia: under the military
control of Austria-Hungary, 17, 421
Novikov, Nicholas Ivanovitch (1744-
1818), Russian author and educator:
account of, 15, 193
Noviodunum, France: founded, 3, 309
Noviomagus, Germany: battle of, 4,
117
Novosiltsov, Nicholas (1761-1836),
Russian statesman: negotiations of,
15, 213; power of, 264
Novum Comum (Como), Italy: found-
ed, 3, 317
Noy, William (1577-1634), English
jurist: advises Charles I concerning
the raising of ship-money, 11, 333
Noyon, Treaty of, a treaty between
Francis I of France and the Em-
peror Charles V (1516), 9, 137
Nozu (late 19th century), Japanese
officer: his campaign against Saigo,
7, 179
Nubar Pasha (1825-1899), Egyptian
statesman: mentioned, 1, 39, 19, 268
Nubia, Africa: location of, 1, 8
Nuceria, Italy: siege of (308 B. C.) 3>
182
Nuestra Sefiora de Regla, Island in
the Pacific Ocean: discovered, 22,
212
Nugent, Sir George (1 757-1849), Eng-
lish officer: in Rebellion of 1798, 12,
213
Nullification, Doctrine of, a theory
that the several states of the United
States are equal and sovereign and
that the general government is one
of delegated powers: originates in
Kentucky, 23, 378; Hayne's speech
on, 409; in South Carolina, 489, 491;
Ordinance of Nullification passed,
493J Jackson's proclamation con-
cerning, 494
Numana, Italy: founded (4th century
B. CO, 3, 57
Numantia, Spain: war with Rome
(137-134 B. C), 3, 162; siege of, 8,
19
Numidia, northern Africa: revolts
against Carthage, 3, 102; condition
under Roman rule, 162
Nunez, Emilio (late 19th century),
Cuban statesman: chosen governor
of Havana, 22, 468
Nunez, Mendez (late 19th century),
Spanish naval officer: takes com-
mand of Spanish fleet in Chilian
waters, 21, 222
Nunez, Rafael (1825-1894), Colom-
bian statesman, President of Colom-
bia, 1880-1882 and 1884-1894: ac-
count of, 21, 245
Nuouman Kiuprili, Turkish states-
man, Grand Vizier of Turkey, 1710-
171 1 : account of, 14, 276
Nur Jahan (Nur Mahal), Empress of
Salim Jahanger of India: account
of, 5, 117
Nuremberg, Germany: diets of (1431),
17, 135; (1S32), 18, 249; taken by
Bavaria, 18, 371
Nurhachu (1559-1626), Manchu chief-
tain: mythical account of, 6, 42;
conquers China, 43; death of, 46
Nutari, Japan: fort built at, 7, 27
Nutmeg State, The: see Connecticut
Nymeguen, Treaty of: see Nimeguen,
Peace of
Nymphenberg, Treaty of, a treaty en-
tered into by Louis XV for the dis-
memberment of Austria (1741), 16,
227
Nyschlot, Finland: taken by the Rus-
sians (1714), 15, 64
Nystad, Peace of, a treaty between
Sweden and Russia, concluded
(1721), 15, 68, 381, 16, 226
o
O'Brien, Donall (early 13th century),
King of Thomondin, Ireland: op-
poses progress of De Courcy, 12,
55
O'Brien, James F. X. (living), Irish
political leader: sketch of, 12, 236
O'Brien, Murrough, Earl of Thomond
(16th century), Irish chieftain:
made earl (1540), 12, 83
O'Brien, William Smith (1803-1864),
Irish revolutionist: leader of Young
Ireland party, 12, 230; leader of
armed resistance in Ireland, n,
608, 12, 231: death of, 12, 232
O'Connell, Daniel, an Irish agitator
and orator, called The Uncrowned
Monarch, and The Irish Liberator:
born near Calinciveen, County
Kerry, Ireland, August 6, 1775; be-
came known as an advocate;
founded the Catholic Association;
led the agitation in favor of Cath-
olic emancipation; was elected to
Parliament, 1828; led the Repeal ag-
itation, 1840; promoted the mass-
meetings of 1842-1843; was arrested
and convicted of conspiracy and
sedition, 1843, but his sentence was
reversed, 1844; died at Genoa, Italy,
May 15, 1847
Career of, 12, 220; supports Cath-
olic emancipation movement, 11,
584; agitates the repeal of the
Union, 591; agrees to the Lichfield
House Compact, 594; retires from
public life, 604; death of, 12, 227
O'Connolly, Owen (early 17th cen-
tury), Irish citizen: treason of, 12,
115
O'Connor, Arthur (1763-1852), an
Irish revolutionist: joins the United
Irishmen, 12, 207
O'Connor, Feargus Edward (1796-
1855), an Irish lawyer and politi-
cian: leader of labor revolt, n, 600;
summons the Chartists to Kensing-
ton Common, 608
O'Connor, William Frederick Travers
(1870 ), British soldier and
writer: member of the Tibetan mis-
sion, s, 297
O'Conor, Charles (18th century),
Irish scholar and antiquarian: as-
sumes leadership of Catholic move-
ment, 12, 173
O'Conor, Felim (d. 1265), King of
Connaught, 1249-1265: reign of, 12,
58
O'Conor, Roderick, King of Ireland,
12th century: reign of, 12, 46
O'Donnell, Godfrey (13th century),
Irish chieftain: defeats Maurice
Fitzgerald, 12, 58
O'Donnell, Henry Joseph, Count of
Abisbal (1769-1834), a Spanish gen-
eral of Irish extraction: crushes in-
surrection against Ferdinand VII of
Spain, 8, 492
O'Donnell, Hugh Roe (i57i?-i6o2),
Irish soldier: career o f 12, 94
O'Donnell, Leopoldo, Duke of Tetuan
(1809-1867), a Spanish general: con-
spires against Isabella, 8, 504
O'Donnell, Rory or Roderick, Earl of
Tirconnell (1575-1608), Irish pa-
triot: submits to English, 12, 106
O'Donoju, Juan (1755-1821), the last
Spanish ruler of New Spain: his ad-
ministration as Viceroy of New
Spain, 22, 256
O'Hara, James (d. 1819), English
military officer: delivers Cornwal-
l's sword to Washington, 23, 285
O'Higgins, Bernardo (1778-1842), a
Chilean general and statesman:
president of Chili, 21, 215
511
512
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
O'Moore, Owney (early 17th cen-
tury), Irish chieftain: joins the re-
bellion of Hugh O'Neill, 12, 100
O'Moore, Rory (early 17th century),
Irish chieftain: leads Rebellion of
1641, 12, 114
O'Mulconry (early 17th century),
Irish chronicler: aids in compila-
tion of the " Annals," 12, 7
O'Neill, Brien (13th century), Irish
soldier: at battle of Downpatrick,
12, 58
O'Neill, Conn, Earl of Tyrone (16th
century), Irish chieftain: made earl,
12, 83
O'Neill, Donall (early 14th century),
Irish soldier: joins Edward Bruce,
12, 59
O'Neill, Hugh (17th century), Irish
soldier and nephew of Owen Roe
O'Neill: defends Clonmel, 12, 125;
defends Limerick, 126
O'Neill, Hugh, Earl of Tyrone (d.
1616), Irish chieftain: rebellion of,
11, 303, 12, 94
O'Neill, Matthew (16th century), son
of Conn O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone:
made Baron of Dungannon, 12, 83;
claims earldom of Tyrone, 87
O'Neill, Owen Roe (i5oo?-i649), Irish
chieftain: leads rebellion of 1641,
12, 114; takes command of the
army, 119; death of, 125
O'Neill, Sir Phelim (d. 1641), Irish
chieftain: leads rebellion of 1641,
12, 114; death of, 126
O'Neill, Shane, Shan, or John (d.
1567), Irish chieftain, called The
Hate of Englishman: rebellion of,
12, 87
O'Reilly, John Boyle (1844-1890), an
Irish- American journalist and poet:
sketch of, 12, 236
O'Rourke, Tergnan (Tigernan),
Prince of Brefni 12th century),
Irish chieftain: at war with Dermot
MacMurrogh, 12, 48
O'Shaughnessy, William Brooke
(1809-1889), first director general of
telegraphs in India: account of, 5,
225
O'Sullivan, Donall (early 17th cen-
tury), Irish chieftain: in the rebel-
lion of Hugh O'Neill, 12, 103
O'Toole, Laurence (late 12th cen-
tury), Archbishop of Dublin:
preaches against the English, 12, 50
Oakes (late 18th century), English
diplomat: at the Russian court, 15,
175
Oama, Prince: see Temmu, Emperor
of Japan
Oates, Titus (1649-1705), an English
impostor: tells of a Popish plot, XI,
406; punishment of, 421
Obaid Allah (Obeidala) (early 10th
century), Fatimite caliph: puts
down insurrection in Cufa, I, 249;
besieges Fez, 8, 76
Obbia, a sultanate in Africa: placed
under the protection of Italy, 19,
209
Oberlin College, a coeducational col-
lege at Oberlin, Ohio: assists "un-
derground railroad," 24, 672
Obes (early 19th century), Uruguayan
soldier: directs the defence of Mon-
tevideo (1842), 21, 139
Obligado, Dr. (early 19th century),
President of Buenos Ayres: admin-
istration of, 21, 128
Obock or Obok, a French colony and
protectorate in Africa: bought by
the French, 19, 56
Obradovic, Dositei (late 18th cen-
tury), Servian national poet: sketch
of, 17, 271
Obresskov (18th century), Russian
minister at Constantinople: account
of, 14, 322
Obrin, a river in France: battle of the
(793 A. D.), 9. 43
Ocampo, Sebastian de (1465-1509), a
Spanish navigator: discovers Ha-
vana harbor, 22, 447
Ocana, Spain: battle of (1809), 9, 337
Ocba ben Albegag (Okba ben al-
Hajjaj), (8th century), Emir of
Spain: reign of, 8, 65
Ocean's Queen, The: see England
Ochakov, a town in Russia: sieges of
(1737), 14, 308, 15, 123; (1788-
1789), 14, 354, 15, 184
Ochial: see Uludj AH
GENERAL INDEX
513
Ochs, Peter (1749-1821), Swiss states-
man: plans the Swiss policy of
France, 13, 508; plans government
of Switzerland, 512
Ochterlong, David (1758-1825), Brit-
ish general: his campaigns against
the Gurkhas, 5, 207
Ockley: see Aclea
Octavia (d. 11 B. C), sister of Octa-
vius: death, 4, 42
Octavius: see Augustus Caesar
Octavius, Gnaeus, Roman consul 87
B. C. : opposes Cinna and his meas-
ures, 3, 222; death, 223
Octavius, Marcus, Roman tribune 133
B. C: opposes reforms of Grac-
chus, 3, 176
Octavius, Marcus (ca. 50 B. C.),
Roman officer: in battle with Dola-
bella (49 B. C), 3, 343', defeated in
Illyria, 354
Octennial Bill, a bill which provided
that there should be an election of
Irish Parliamentary members every
eight years (1767), 12, 177
Oda (ca. 955 A. D.), English prelate,
Archbishop of Canterbury: sketch
of, 11, 48
Oda Nobukatsu (16th century), Jap-
anese soldier: rebels against Ha-
shiba Hideyoshi, 7, 113
Oda Nobunaga (16th century), me-
diaeval Japanese leader: aids Ashi-
kaga Yoshiaki to regain the sho-
gunate, 7, 101; career of, no
Oda Nubutaka (16th century), Japa-
nese leader; plots against Hashiba
Hideyoshi, 7, 113
Oda Samboshi (16th and 17th cen-
turies), Japanese leader: succeeds
Oda Nobunaga, 7, 113
Odenathus (Odenatus, Odhenat) of
Palmyra (d. 266 or 267 A. D.),
Roman general: defeats Persian
army, 5, 317; assumes the title of
emperor, 4, no
Odessa: founding of, 15, 267; battle
of (260 A. D.), 4, no; bombard-
ment of (1854), 15, 309
Odeum, The, a public building of
Athens: description of, 2, 254
Odhenat: see Odenathus
Odilo, Abbot of Cluny (962-ca.
1048), French monk: teaching of,
18, 128
Odin, King of Denmark: the legend
of, 16, 9, 17
Odo (9th century), King of France:
chosen king, 16, 23, 18, 98
Odo (nth century), Count of Cham-
pagne: disputes succession of Con-
rad II in Burgundy, 18, 126
Odo (d. ca. 1097), Bishop of Bayeux:
revolts against William Rufus, II,
82
Odoacer (Odovacar, Ottokar) (ca.
434-493 A. D.), Italian chieftain:
destroys the Empire of the West,
17, 16, 2, 531, 4, 151; defeat of, 2,
532; reign of, 4, 155; career of, 18,
45
Odoievski, Prince Alexander (19th
century), Russian conspirator: in
the plot of the Dekabrists, 15, 274
Odovacar: see Odoacer
Odysseus: see Ulysses
Oehlenschlager, Adam Gottlob (1779-
1850), Danish poet: sketch of, 16,
264
Oeland, island in Baltic Sea: battle of
(1676), 16, 212
Oenomaus (ca. 70 B. C), Celtic slave:
leader of Gladitorial war, 3, 261
Oenophyta, Greece: battle of, 2, 245
Oesova, eastern Europe: taken by the
Turks (1738), 17, 235
Gtaeans, Grecian tribe: join Ly-
sander, 2, 397; at war with Phocis,
461; proposals of the, 469
Oeversee, northern Europe: battle of
(1864), 18, 408
Ofella, Quintus (d. 79 B. C), Roman
soldier: blockades Marius in Prae-
neste, 3, 227; aids reforms of Sulla,
230; rebels against constitution of
Sulla, 239; death, 239
Ofin, Hungary: taken by Suleiman the
Great (1529), 14, 153
Ogden, Utah: meeting of the Central
and Union Pacific Railroads, 24, 902
Ogdensburg, New York: battle of
(1812), 23, 421
Ogeechee River, Georgia: guarded by
Fort McAllister, 24, 805
514*
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Ogimachi, Emperor of Japan, 1558-
1587: coronation of, 7, 100
Oglethorpe, James (1696-1785), Eng-
lish soldier and colonist: proprietor
of Georgia colony, 23, 80; founds
Savannah, 81; friendly relations
with Indians, 81; trouble with Span-
ish, 81; bombards St. Augustine, 22,
194; death of, 23, 81
Ogre, The Corsican: see Napoleon
(I) Bonaparte, Emperor of the
French
Ogulnian Law, in Roman history, a
law by which the offices of pontiff
and augur were thrown open to the
plebeians (300 B. C.) 3, 50
Ohara Shigenori (19th century), Jap-
anese statesman: made sanyo, 7, 107
Ohio, a state of the United States,
named from the Indian " O-hee-
yuh " meaning " beautiful river,"
which the French spelled " O-y-o,"
called the Buckeye State: Connecti-
cut gives up claim to, 23, 317; ad-
mitted to the Union, 318; first set-
tlement in, 364; northern part ceded
by Indians, 366; population in-
creases, 442; flourishing condition
following admission, 442; as free
state, 452; impetus to development
of, 480; negro rescues, 24, 616; elec-
tion of 1854, 645; condemns Buch-
anan's Kansas policy, 670; viola-
tions of Fugitive Slave Law, 672;
opposes negro suffrage, 858; elec-
tion of 1874, 897; Presidential elec-
tion of 1880, 931; Blaine's campaign
speeches (1884), 947; Presidential
election of 1892, 992
Ohio Canal, connecting Lake Erie and
the Ohio River: constructed, 23,480
Ohio Company, an English trading
company: organized, 23, 170, 318
Ohio Valley, United States: French
claims in, 23, 167
Ohthere (9th century A. D.), Scandi-
navian traveler: his conversations
with Alfred, 16, 7, 40
Ohud, Mount: see Mount Ohud
Oil Rivers Region, Africa: declared a
British protectorate, 19, 155; gov-
ernment of, 159
Oishi Kuranosuke (18th century),
Japanese vassal: revenges death of
Asano Naganori, 7, 152
Ojeda, Alonso de (1468-1515), Spanish
cavalier: drives Indians to revolt,
21, 11; explorations of, 15
Ojin, Emperor of Japan, 3rd century
A. D.: promotes Chinese learning,
7 13
Ojin War, a conflict between two Jap-
anese factions (15th century), 7, 97
Oka, river in Russia: battle of (1480),
15, 13
Okba ben Nafi: see Okbah
Okbah (Achbar ben Nafi al-Fahri,
Akbah, Okba ben Nafi, Sidi Okba)
(7th century), Arab general: con-
quers Africa, 1, 304
Okehazama, Japan: battle of, 7, no
Okhos (d. 338 B. C), King of Persia:
reign of, 1, 168
Oklahoma, a state of the United
States: obstructive procedures
against bill for organization of, 24,
969; opening of, 981; population
(1890), 985; refused admission,
1054, 1077; admitted to the Union,
1083
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: founded,
24, 98S
Oku, Hokyo, Japanese soldier: his
campaigns in the Chino-Japanese
War, 7, 267; his campaign against
Russia (1904), 7, 310, 15, 361
Okubo Toshimichi (19th century),
Japanese statesman: made sanyo,
7, 167; persuades the lord of Sat-
suma to surrender his feudal do-
mains to the crown, 174; crushes
rebellion of Eto Shimpei, 177; op-
poses war with Korea, 178; sent as
plenipotentiary to Peking, 192
Okuma Shigenobu, Count (1838 ),
Japanese statesman: reforms of, 7,
183; attempts to negotiate treaties
with European powers, 190; leads
Progressive Party, 214; made min-
ister of foreign affairs, 217; made
premier, 220; opposes navy expan-
sion, 236
Olaf, King of Dublin: see Olauf, King
of Dublin
GENERAL INDEX
515
Olaf (I) Hunger, King of Denmark
1086-ca. 1095: made Duke of Sles-
vig, 16, 72; reign of, 73
Olaf II (sometimes called III), King
of Denmark: see Olaf V, King of
Norway
Olaf (I) Trygvasson (956-1000), King
of Norway, ca. 996-1000: reign of,
16, 54; attacks London, 11, 57
Olaf II, Saint (995-1030), King of
Norway, ca. 1015-1030: his influence
on ancient customs, 16, 8; reign of,
56
Olaf (III) Kyrre (d. 1093), King of
Norway, ca. 1068-1093: forms an
alliance with Knud, 16, 72
Olaf IV (1098-1116), King of Nor-
way, 1103-1116: chosen joint king,
16, 97
Olaf V (d. 1387), King of Norway,
1380-1387, and, as Olaf II (some-
times called III), King of Denmark
1376- 1.387: reign of, 16, 100, 119
Olaf (I) Traetelje (d. 640 A. D.),
King of Sweden: the legend of, 16,
37
Olaf (II) Skat-Konung, King of
Sweden, 993-1024: defeats Olaf
Trygvasson, 16, 55; reign of, 58
Olaf (10th century A. D.), Prince of
Norway: defeated by Erik Blodoxe,
16, 52
Olauf (Olaf), King of Dublin, 849-
ca. 870: career of, 16, 43
"Old Abe": see Lincoln, Abraham
Old Age Pensions, a system of com-
pulsory insurance in Germany: in-
augurated (1889), 18, 448
Old Bay State: see Massachusetts
Old Catholics, a schismatic branch of
the Catholic Church in Germany:
description of, 18, 440
Old Czechs, a faction in Austria-Hun-
gary: work of, 17, 428
Old Dominion, The: see Virginia
Old Fox, The: see Soult, Nicolas
Jean de Dieu
Old French War: see French and In-
dian War
Old Fuss and Feathers: see Scott,
Winfield
Old Grog: see Vernon, Edward
Old Hero: see Jackson, Andrew
Old Hickory: see Jackson, Andrew
Old Man Eloquent: see Adams, John
Quincy
Old Noll: see Cromwell, Oliver
Old North Church, a church in Bos-
ton, Massachusetts: signals for Paul
Revere hung in tower, 23, 226
Old North State, The: see North
Carolina
Old Ritualists, a schismatic branch of
the Russian church: origin of, 15,
23; persecution of, 84
Old Rowley: see Charles II, King of
England
Old South Meeting House, a church
in Boston, Massachusetts: town-
meeting at, prohibits landing of tea,
23, 219
Old Testament: see Bible
Oldcastle, Sir John (Lord Cobham)
(d. 1417), an English nobleman: ex-
communicated, 11, 196
Olets (late 18th century), a Russian
soldier: at the battle of the Kagul,
15, i77_
Olga (living), Queen of Greece: mar-
ried to King George of Denmark
(1867), 2, 547
Olid, Cristoval (Cristobal) de (ca.
1487-1524), a Spanish captain: sent
in search of Grijalva, 22, 5; joins
Cortez, 10; at the siege of Mexico,
52; his expedition against Honduras,
430
Oligarchy, an aristocratic form of
government: at Argos, 2, 59; of
Corinth and Sicyon replaced by
tyranny, 76; cause for emigration,
82; in Greek political cycle, 91; in
Asia Minor, 114
Olinda, Aranjo Lima, Pedrode, Mar-
quis of (1793-1870), a Brazilian
statesman: ministry of, 21, 176
Olioll (5th century), King of Leinster:
conversion of, 12, 30
Oliphant, Laurence (1829-1888), an
English traveler, diplomat, and au-
thor; his enthusiasm for the Cir-
cassians, 15, 331
Olite, a town and fortress in Spain:
founded, 8, 44
516
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Oliva, Peace of, a peace between
Sweden, Poland, the Empire, and
Brandenburg (1660), 16, 210
Olivarez (Olivares) Gasparo de Guz-
man, Count (1587-1645), a Spanish
statesman: becomes royal favorite,
8, 376; power of, 13, 203
Olive Branch Petition, The: a petition
from the colonies in America to
England, setting forth terms of rec-
onciliation (July 8, 1775), , Si6,
23, 237
Ollamh Fodla (Ollav Fola), an early
King of Ireland: institutes the Fes
of Tara, 12, 25
Ollivier, Emile (1825 ), a French
politician: rise of, 9, 450; ministry
of, 459
Olmedo, Spain: battle of (i44S) 8,
178; (1467), 182
Olmedo, Bartolome de (early 16th
century), Spanish priest: labors for
the conversion of the Aztecs, 22,
12
Olmiitz or Olomouc, a city of Mo-
ravia: battles of (ca. 1230), 17, 70;
(1792), 9, 276; siege of (1758), 18,
338
Olmiitz (Olomouc) Conference, The
a conference between Prussia and
Austria under the mediation of
Russia (1850), 16, 272, 17, 383
Olmiitz, Peace of, a peace by which
Mathias Corvinus was granted
Lusatia, Moravia, and Silesia, and
succession to the throne of Bohe-
mia (1478), 17. 147
Olney, Richard (1835 ), American
statesman: Attorney-General, 24,
993 note; Secretary of State, 993
note, 1000; in Democratic Presiden-
tial nomination, 1065
Olosaga (Olozaga), Salustiana de
(1803-1873), a Spanish politician
and diplomat: leader of conspiracy
against Isabella II of Spain, 8, 508
Olssouvieff (early 19th century), a
Russian military officer: his cam-
paign against Napoleon, 9, 346
Oltenitza, a small town in Roumania:
battle of (1853), 15, 307
Olybrius, Flavius Anicius, a Roman
Emperor, 472 A. D.: reign of, 4,
150
Olympia, a valley in Elis, Greece: not
referred to in Homer, 2, 33
Olympiad, the space of time between
the Olympic games: as unit of time,
2, 42; date of first, 58
Olympian Games, a festival of an-
cient Greece: first mentioned, 2, 59;
referred to by Pausanias, 60
Olympias (d. 316 B. C), mother of
Alexander: sketch of, 2, 481, 483,
5"
Olympus, Mount, a mountain in
Greece: height of, 2, 4; abode of
gods, 8
Olynthus, an ancient city in Macedo-
nia: its freedom acknowledged, 2,
318; joins Chalcidian League, 420;
conquered by Sparta, 423; at war
with Athens, 459; attacked and con-
quered by Philip, 466
Omaha, Nebraska: convention of
People's Party (1892), 24, 991
Omar (late nth century), King of
Badajoz: dethroned, 8, 90
Omar (I) ibn al-Khattab (d. 644),
Mohammedan caliph, 634-644: re-
fuses to acknowledge the death of
Mohammed, 1, 237; commands in-
vasion of Persia, 5, 322; reign of, 1,
243; at siege of Jerusalem, 256, 283;
frugality of, 256; orders destruction
of Alexandrian library, 297
Omar (II) ibn Abdul-Aziz, Moham-
medan caliph, 717-720: reign of, 1,
331
Omar Khayyam (d. early 12th cen-
tury), a Persian poet and astrono-
mer: sketch of, 5, 332, 333
Omar (Omer) Pasha (Michael Lat-
tach) (1806-1871), a Turkish gen-
eral: services of, 14, 439; in the
Crimean War, 14, 451, 15, 307; wins
battle of Eufatoria, 14, 458; his
Mingrelian expedition, 15, 322
Omayyads: see Ommeyads
Omdurman, Africa: battle of (1898),
1, 40, 11, 638, 19, 272
Omer Vrione (19th century), Turkish
general: at the siege of Varna, 15,
280
GENERAL INDEX
517
Omerville, D' (ca. 1600), French com-
mander: his campaigns in the Neth-
erlands, 13, 179
Omeyyades: see Ommeyads
Ommeyads (Omayyads, Ommiads,
Omeyyades, Omeyyads), dynasty
of caliphs, which reigned at Da-
mascus (661-750 A. D.) and in
Spain (756-1031): condition of Per-
sia under, 5, 325
Omnibus Bill: see Compromise of 1850
Omri, King of Israel, ca. 899-875 B.
C: usurps throne, 1, 390
Omura Masujiro (19th century), Jap-
anese statesman: assassination of,
7, V7
Onate, Juan de (ca. 1555-1611), settler
and first governor of New Mexico:
explorations of, 22, 141
Onias I, High Priest of Jerusalem,
330 B. C: reign of, 1, 404
Onias II, High Priest of Jerusalem,
250 B. C. : reign of, 1, 404
Onias III, High Priest of Jerusalem,
198 B. C. : deposed, 1, 404
Onomarchus (d. 352 B. C), a Phocian
general: in the Sacred War, 2, 460;
his successes, 461
Ono-no-Yoshifuru (10th century A.
D.), Japanese soldier: defeats Min-
amoto-no-Sumitomo, 7, 53
O-no-Yasumaro (8th century A. D.),
Japanese scholar: scholarship of, 7,
34
Onslow Incident, The, an affair in
England concerning the freedom of
the press (1771), II, 5U
Ontario, Province of, Canada: created,
20, 167
Ooka Tadasuke (ca. 1800), Japanese
statesman: sketch of, 7, 146; estab-
lished the fire-brigade system, 149
Opatow, Russia: engagement at
(1864), 15, 329
Opdam (17th century), Dutch admi-
ral: in the war with Sweden, 13,
232, relieves Copenhagen, 16, 209
Opechancanough (17th century), an
American Indian: massacres colo-
nists, 23, 63; death of, 63
Opequan Creek, Virginia: battle of
(1864), 24, 792
Opimius, Lucius (d. ca. 100 B. C),
Roman praetor: opposes insurrec-
tion of Gracchus, 3, 184; sent to di-
vide Africa, 188
Opium War, war between Great Brit-
ain and China (1840-1842): account
of, 6, 128
Oporto, seaport of Portugal: battle of
(1809), 9, 337; siege of (1833), 8,
536
Oppas (8th century A. D.), Arch-
bishop of Toledo and Seville: power
of, 1, 311; joins Mohammedans
against Christians, 8, 128
Oppius, Spurius (ca. 450 B. C),
Roman statesman: death of, 3, 45
Optimates, Roman faction: rise of, 3,
172
Oracles of Greece, The: description
of, 2, 43
Oran, Algeria: sieges of (1145), 8, 96;
(1509), 192; capture of (ca. 1560),
14, 165
Orange: see Arausio
Orange, Fort: see Albany
Orange River Colony (formerly
Orange River Sovereignty or
Orange Free State), Africa: settled,
20, 224; Bloem-fontein founded,
226; constituted as a republic, 19,
51; declared annexed to British em-
pire, 19, 283, 20, 233
Orangemen, Society of, an Irish po-
litical society: formed, 12, 205
Orators and Oratory:
ENGLAND:
Bolingbroke, Henry St. John,
Viscount, II, 455
Bright, John, ix, 604
Burke, Edmund, II, 519
Fox, Charles James, xi, 520
Pitt, William, Earl of Chatham,
11, 483
Townshend, Charles, ix, 510
Whitefield, George, 11, 493
FRANCE:
Barrot, Odillon, 9, 395
Berryer, Pierre Antoine, 9, 389
Cazales, Jacques Antoine Marie
de, 10, 80
Danton, George Jacques, 9, 270,
10, 142
518
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Desmoulins, Camille, 9, 263, 270,
10, 56, -142
Duvergier de Hauranne, Prosper,
9, 431
Guizot, Francois Pierre Guillaume,
9, 389
Hebert, Jacques Rene, 9, 431
Isnard, Maximin, 10, 162
Maury, Jean Siffrein, 10, 80
Robespierre, Maximilien Marie
Isidore, 10, 260, 290, 308
Seze, de, 10, 234
Vergniaud, Pierre Victurnien, 9,
281, 10, 154, 182
GREECE:
Aeschines, 2, 475
Alcibiades, 2, 330
Demosthenes, 2, 465, 466, 472
Diodotus, 2, 295
Pericles, 2, 273, 281
Philip II, 2, 457
Themistocles, 2, 175, 196
HOLLAND:
Brederode, Henry de, 13, 86
IRELAND:
Butt, Isaac, 12, 236
Grattan, Henry, 217, 220
O'Connell, Daniel, 12, 221, 225,
229, 230
ROME and ITALY:
Caesar, Caius Julius, 3, 363
Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 3, 266,
282
Rienzi, Nicola di, 4, 222
UNITED STATES:
Blaine, James Gillespie, 24, 927,
944, 947
Bryan, William Jennings, 24, 1015
Calhoun, John Caldwell, 24, 603
Chase, Salmon Portland, 24, 607
Clay, Henry, 23, 457, 461, 24, 602,
605
Conkling, Roscoe, 24, 926, 928
Curtis, George William, 24, 943
Douglas, Stephen Arnold, 24, 634,
636, 668, 669
Garfield, James Abram, 24, 928,
930
Greeley, Horace, 24, 893
Hayne, Robert Young, 23, 489
Jefferson, Thomas, 23, 384, 385
Lamar, Lucius Quintus Cincinna-
tus, 24, 916
Lincoln, Abraham, 24, 667, 668,
669, 670, 681, 783, 829
Seward, William Henry, 24, 607
Stephens, Alexander Hamilton,
24, 688
Webster, Daniel, 23, 489, 605
Wirt, William, 23, 498
Orbegoso, Luis (19th century), South
American statesman: made president
of Peru, 21, 194; attempts to revo-
lutionize Peru, 196
Orcagna, Andrea (ca. 1325-ca. 1385),
Florentine architect, painter, and
sculptor: his effect on the Renais-
sance, 4, 283
Orchomenus, in Arcadia, Greece: ad-
heres to Sparta, 2, 440
Orchomenus, in Boeotia, Greece: ar-
chaeological remains of, 2, 22; im-
portance in prehistoric Greece, 49;
seized by oligarchs, 248; joins Spar-
tans, 397; aids Agesilaus, 400; holds
out against Thebes, 430; taken by
Epaminondas, 437; taken by Ono-
marchus, 462; battle of (ca. 85 B.
C), 3, 218
Ordaz, Diego de (ca. 1480-1533),
Spanish soldier: exploies the Ori-
noco, 21, 25
Orde, Thomas (18th century), Eng-
lish statesman: introduces a reform
bill, 12, 193
Order of the Dragon: see Dragon,
Order of the
Order of the Garter: see Garter, Or-
der of the
Order of the Indian Empire, Most
Eminent: founded, 5, 255
Orders in Council, a retaliation de-
cree issued by Great Britain for
Napoleon's Berlin decree (1807), 11,
560
Ordono I (d. 866 A. D.), King of
Asturias and Leon, 850-866 A. D.:
reign of, 8, 133
Ordono II (d. 923 A. D.), King of
Asturias and Leon, 914-923 A. D.:
invades the Mohammedan posses-
sions, 8, 76; reign of, 135; aids
King of Navarre, 198
Ordono III (d. 955 A. D.), King of
Asturias and Leon, 950-955 A. D.:
reign of, 8, 136
GENERAL INDEX
519
Ordofio IV, King of Asturias and
Leon, 956-967 A. D.: reign of, 8,
137
Ordovices, The, Briton tribe: at war
with the Romans, 11, 9
Oregon, a state of the United States,
named from the Spanish " oregano "
meaning " wild marjoram," a plant
which abounds on the Pacific
coast: disputed territory, 23, 443;
Northwest Boundary Dispute, 24,
541; Presidential elections of 1868,
861; 1876, 910
"Oregon," United States war-ship:
joins the blockading fleets at Santi-
ago, 24, 1029; in battle of Santiago,
1030
Orellana, Francisco de (ca. 1490-
1546), a Spanish soldier: explores
the Amazon, 21, 25
Orelli, Johann Kaspar (1787-1849), a
Swiss classical philologist : sketch of,
13, 531, 543, 584
Orenburg, Russia: siege of (1773), 15,
168
Orestes (d. 476), Regent of the West-
ern Empire, 475-476: influence of, 4,
151
Oxford, Earl of: see Russell, Edward
Orguiva, Spain: siege of (1569), 8,
370
Oribe, Ignacio (early 19th century),
an Uruguayan soldier: given com-
mand of the army, 21, 139
Oribe, Manuel (ca. 1802-1857), an
Uruguayan general and politician:
elected president of Uruguay, 21,
139; accepts help from Rosas, 125,
139
Oriental Trading Company, Austrian,
a company for trading within the
Austrian dominions and from Aus-
trian ports: organized (1719), 5, 173
" Original Package " Law, a United
States law which provides that each
state shall have the right to exclude
the importation of intoxicating
liquors (1890) : enacted, 24, 972
Orinoco River, South America: dis-
covered, 21, 12; explored, 25
Oriskany, New York: battle of (1777),
23, 254
Orissa, Bengal, India: captured by
Moguls (1573), 5, 113
Orissa Famine, The (1866), 5, 245
Orkhan (d. 1359), Sultan of Turkey,
1326-1359: reign of, 14, 17, 19; death
of, 28
Orkhan (15th century), son of Baye-
zid: account of, 14, 72
Orkney Islands, a group of islands
north of Scotland: visited by the
Romans, 16, 298
Orleans, France: sieges of (451 A. D.),
18, 41; (1428-1429), 9, 114, 11, 203;
(1870), 18, 425; see also Cenabum
Orleans, Charles, Duke of (1391-
1465), a French poet, son of Louis,
Duke of Orleans: at battle of Agin-
court, 9, in, 11, 199
Orleans, Ferdinand Philippe, Louis
Charles Henri, Duke of Orleans,
(1810-1842), eldest son of Louis
Philippe, King of the French: mar-
riage of, 9, 414; death of, 420
Orleans, Helene, Louise, Duchess of:
see Helen Louise of Mecklenburg
Orleans, Jean Baptiste Gaston, Duke
of (1608-1660), a younger son of
Henry IV: conspires against Riche-
lieu (1625), 9, 184; marries Mar-
guerite of Lorraine, 188; revolt of,
188; conspires against Richelieu
(1642), 194; joins Conde against
Anne of Austria, 204; made lieuten-
ant-general of the kingdom, 205
Orleans, Louis, Duke of: see Louis
XII, King of France
Orleans, Louis, Duke of (1371-1407),
younger brother of Charles VI: re-
gent of France, 9, 109, 11, 193; death
of, 9, no, 11, 194, 13, 39
Orleans, Louis Philippe, Duke of: see
Louis Philippe, King of France
Orleans, Louis Philippe Joseph, Duke
of, surnamed Egalite (1747-1793),
great-grandson of Philippe of Or-
leans: banished, 10, 34; joins Third
Estate, 9, 263, 10, 53; his influence
in the assembly, 10, 84; sent to
England, 102; returns to Paris, 123;
death of, 9, 287
Orleans, Philippe I, Duke of (1640-
1701), younger brother of Louis
520
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
XIV: his campaign in the Nether-
lands, 13, 241
Orleans, Philippe II, Duke of (1674-
1723), the son of Philippe I of Or-
leans: regent for Louis XV of
France, 9, 227; death of, 234
Orleans, The Maid of: see Jeanne
d'Arc
Orlov (Orloff), Alexis (1737-1808), a
Russian admiral: plots for Cath-
erine, 15, 156; murders Peter, 158;
in the war with Turkey, 14, 326, 15,
178; at the reinterment of Peter,
201
Orlov (Orloff), Alexis Feodor (1787-
1861), a Russian general and dip-
lomat: aids Turkey against Mehemet
Ali, 15, 291
Orlov (Orloff), Count Gregory (1734-
1783), a Russian general and poli-
tician: plots for Catherine, 15, 155;
Catherine's favors to, 161; his strug-
gles with Panin, 165
Ormais, Finland: battle of (1808), 15,
216
Ormesson, Henri Francois de Paule
d' (1751-1807), French politician:
made minister of finance, 9, 257; an-
nounces the capture of the Bastile
to the assembly, 10, 69
Ormond, James Butler, 1st Duke of
(1610-1688), Irish soldier: made lord
lieutenant of Ireland, 12, 120; con-
dition of Ireland under his rule,
131
Ormond, James Butler, 2nd Duke of
(1665-1745), Irish statesman: com-
mands expedition against Cadiz, 8,
390; at battle of Vigo, 9, 221; suc-
ceeds to the command in the Neth-
erlands, 11, 463; attainted, 469
Ormond, Thomas Butler, Earl of
(1532-1614), Irish nobleman: his
campaign against the Geraldines, 12,
90
Ormond, Thomas Butler, Marquis of
(17th century), Irish statesman: op-
poses Cromwell in Ireland, II, 363
Ormuz, western Asia: reduced by Al-
buquerque, 20, 42
Orodes (Arsaces XIV), Parthian king,
57-37 B. C: accession of, 3, 322
Oroetes, Persian ruler, 6th century
B. C. : satrap, 2, 129
Oropus, Greece: taken by Thebans,
2, 446; given to Athenians by
Philip, 479
Orosius: Alfred's translation of, 16,
7, 299
Orozoco, Geronimo de (16th century),
Mexican statesman: member of
governing audiencia, 22, 120
Orsini, Princess Anna Maria (1643-
1722), Spanish court lady of French
birth: sketch of, 8, 387; disgraced,
404
Orsini Plot, The, a plot whose object
was the assassination of the emperor
and empress of France (1858), 9,
449
Orsova, Hungary: sieges of (1396), 14,
40; (1739), 314; captured by Aus-
trians (1790), 357
Ortega, General (19th century), Mex-
ican military officer: in the Reform
War, 22, 383
Ortelius, Abraham (1 527-1 598), Dutch
geographer and mathematician:
sketch of, 13, 169
Orthez (Orthes), France: battle of
(1814), 8, 531, 9, 348
Orthez, Treaty of, a treaty concluded
between France and Venice (1513),
9, 135
Orthodox Greek Church: see Greek
Church, The Orthodox
Ortiz de Zuniga, Inigo (14th century),
Governor of Xerxes: refuses to
poison Blanche de Bourbon, 8, 165
Ortsin (18th century), Russian explor-
er: mission of, 15, 114
Orvilliers, Louis Guillouet (1708-
1791), French admiral: in war with
_ England, 9, 254
Osaka, Japan: siege of, 7, 126
Osborn, Sherard (ca. 1822-1875), Brit-
ish naval officer and writer: arrives
at Shanghai, 6, 207
Osborne, Thomas, Earl of Danby: see
Danby, Thomas Osborne, Earl of
Oscar I (1799-1859), King of Norway
and Sweden, 1844-1859: accession of,
16, 260; in the Slesvig-Holstein
controversy, 270; reign of, 277
GENERAL INDEX
521
Oscar II (1829-1907), King of Sweden
and Norway, 1872-1907: reign of,
16, 279
Osceola (1803-1837), chief of Semi-
noles: leads rebellion, 23, 507; cap-
tured, 515
Oseka (19th century), Japanese mili-
tary officer: his campaigns in the
Chino-Japanese War, 7, 267
Osgood, Herbert Levi (1855 ),
American educator: classifies Amer-
ican colonies, 23, 114
5shima (19th century), Japanese mili-
tary officer: his campaigns against
Chinese, 7, 262, 267
Oshiro Heihachiro (19th century),
Japanese revolutionist: leads rebel-
lion, 7, 155
Oslo, Diet of, an assembly at which
Margaret was proclaimed Queen of
Norway (1388), 16, 120
Osman (Sultans of the Turks): see
Othman
Osman Pasha (d. 1733) : see Topal
Osman
Osman Pasha (ca. 1835-1900), Turk-
ish soldier: his campaign against
Russia, 15, 334, 14, 481
Osnabriick, Prussia: negotiations at,
.18, 292
Osollo, General (19th century), Mexi-
can military officer: in the Reform
War, 22, 383
Osorio, Roderigo Pacheco, Marques
de Cerralvo (17th century), Spanish
statesman: made viceroy of New
Spain, 22, 162
Ospino,'Mariano (19th century), South
American statesman: his govern-
ment in Colombia, 21, 85
Ossawatomie Creek, Kansas: John
Brown's attack on settlers, 24, 651,
673
Ostend, Russia: sieges of (1601-1604),
13, 177; (1789), 261
Ostend Company: see East India
Company, Ostend
Ostend Manifesto, a declaration
drawn up at Ostend and intended
to settle the Cuban question (1854),
24, 628, 879
Ostermann, Count Andrei Ivanovitch
(1686-1747), Russian diplomat: ne-
gotiations of, 15, 65, 80, 121; gov-
ernor of Peter II of Russia, 95; his
power under Anne, 105, 112; under
Anne Leopoldovna, 128; opposed by
Munnich, 130; arrest of, 133; banish-
ment of, 137; death of, 153
Osterweel, Holland: battle of (1567),
13, 102
Ostia, Italy: part of the territory of
Rome, 3, 10; treatment of, by Rome,
21; seized by Alaric, 4, 141
Ostmanni, one of the groups into
which the kingdoms of Denmark
were divided: ravage the British
coast, 16, 16
Ostrach, Germany: battle of (1799),
10, 403
Ostracism, a method of temporary
banishment for political reasons:
practiced in ancient Athens, 2, 150
Ostrogoths, the eastern branch of the
Gothic race: location of, 17, 14; at-
tacked by the Huns, 15; drive back
the Huns, 16; rise and fall of, 18,
45; see also Goths
Ostrolenka, a town in Russian Poland:
battle of (1831), 15, 295
Oswald (ca. 604-642), King of North-
umbria, 634-642: reign of, II, 35;
aids progress of Christianity among
his people, 12, 253
Oswald, Richard (late 18th century),
English diplomat: negotiates treaty
with America, 23, 286
Oswego, New York: taken by the
French (1757), 20, 118, 23, 184; cap-
tured by Indians, 23, 200; given up
by England, 362
Oswini, King of Deira, 7th century:
accession of, II, 35
Oswiu (Oswin or Oswy), King of
Northumbria, 642-670: reign of, 11,
35; extends his kingdom, 12, 253
Oswold (10th century), Bishop of
Worcester: expels secular clergy
from Worcester, 11, 50
Otago, New Zealand: founded, 20,
213
Otani Yoshitaka (late 16th century),
522
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Japanese military officer: his cam-
paign against Korea, 7, 116
Otero, Mariano (early 19th century),
Mexican political leader: leader of
Moderados, 22, 318
Otgar (Othgar or Ottokar) (8th cen-
tury), Scandinavian soldier: ex-
ploits of, 8, 218
Other (Ohther or Ottar) (9th cen-
tury), a Norwegian traveler: voy-
ages of, 16, 299
Othman (Osman) I (d. 1326), Emir
of the Ottomans: founder of Otto-
man Empire, 14, 9, 12; dream of,
interpreted, 14; character of, 16
Othman II (d. 1622), Sultan of Tur-
key, 1618-1622: reign of, 14, 212
Othman III, Sultan of Turkey, 1754-
1757: reign of, 14, 318
Othman (575-656 A. D.), Moslem
caliph, 644-656 A. D.: revises the
Koran, 1, 211; reign of, 243; at-
tempts conquest of Africa, 300
Othman (d. 1817), Moslem conqueror
effect of his death, 19, 147
Othman (14th century), Mohammedan
general: revolt of, 8, 112
Othman ben Abi Neza or Manuza (8th
century), Viceroy of Spain: favors
the Franks, 8, 64
Otho I (1815-1867), King of Greece
1832-1862: made King of Greece, 2
546
Otho (d. 1060), Prince of Savoy,
reign of, 4, 272
Otho (Otto) (late 10th century),
Duke of Lorraine: sketch of, 13, 22
Otho, Cardinal (early 13th century)
Roman Catholic ecclesiastic: papa
legate to England, II, 135
Otho, Marcus Salvius (32-69 A. D.)
Emperor of Rome, January-April
69 A. D.: sent to Lusitania, 4, 63
plots to obtain the throne, 69; pro-
claimed emperor, 70; death, 71
Otho of Nassau (late nth century)
German prince: unites the cantons
of Guelders, 13, 26
Otho: see also Otto
Othryades (6th century B. C), Greek
soldier: Spartan victor, 2, 77
Otiartes, a mythical antediluvian King
of Babylonia: reign of, 1, 73
Otiaz (early 16th century), Spanish
priest: accompanies Pizarro, 21, 18
Otis, Elwell Stephen (1838 ), an
American general: commands Amer-
ican forces in the Philippines, 20,
316; military governor of Philip-
pines, 24, 1037; member of the Phil-
ippine commission, 1042
Otis, James (1725-1783), an American
orator and patriot: his speech
against general search warrants, 24,
206; proposes a general congress of
the colonies, 212
Otomo, Prince: see Kobun, Emperor
of Japan
6tomo-no-Yakamochi (8th century),
Japanese scholar: aids in the com-
pilation of the " Manyoshu," 7, 35
Otondo, Isidor (late 17th century),
Spanish explorer: commands expe-
dition to California, 22, 178
tori (late 19th century), Japanese
statesman: his career in Korea, 7,
_259
Otori Keisuke (19th century), Japa-
nese soldier: rebellion of, 7, 169
Otranto, a seaport in Italy: fall of
(1480), 14, 86
Ott, Charles, Baron (d. 1809), Hun-
garian soldier: his campaign in Italy,
10, 438
Ottawa, Canada: made capital of
Canada, 20, 161
Otterburn, England: raid of (known
also as the battle of Chevy Chase)
(1388), 12, 287
Otto (Otho) (I) the Great (912-973),
Holy Roman Emperor, 918-973:
reign of, 18, 108; charters of, 16,
29; reconciles Louis IV and his
nobles, 9, 56; invades Italy, 4, 181
Otto (II) the Bloody (955-983), Holy
Roman Emperor, 973-983: accession
of, 9, 58, 18, 113; reign of, 18, 116;
gives governorship of Lower Lor-
raine to a prince of the royal house
of France, 13, 22
Otto (III) the Red (980-1002), Holy
Roman Emperor, 983-1002: acces-
GENERAL INDEX
523
sion of, 9, 59, 18, 118; reign of, 119;
Italy under, 4, 183
Otto (IV) the Superb (ca. 1174-1218),
Holy Roman Emperor, 1208-1215:
his struggles for the throne, 18, 158,
160; crowned, 4, 198, 18, 159; joins
John of England against Philip II
of France, II, 124; quarrel with the
Pope, 200; defeated at Bouvines, 11,
126, 13, 29; seeks an alliance with
Denmark, 16, 85
Otto the Gay, Duke of Austria, 1330-
1339: reign of, 17, 101
Otto (d. 1083), Duke of Bavaria,
1 061-1070: his relations with Henry
IV of Germany, 18, 132
Otto (late 13th century), Margrave
of Brandenburg: made guardian of
Vasclav IV of Bohemia, 17, 78
Otto (14th century), Prince of Den-
mark: a prisoner in Holstein, 16
114
Otto, Duke of Gascony, 8th century:
reign of, 9, 40
Otto (d. 912), Duke of Saxony: ap-
pointed regent of Germany, 18, 100;
refuses crown of Germany, 104
Otto (15th century), Count of
Schaumburg: his claims on Holstein,
16, 135
Otto of Bavaria, King of Hungary,
1305: reign of, 17, 151
Otto of Brunswick (13th century), a
Welf leader in Germany: recon-
ciled to Frederick II of Germany,
18, 164
Otto of Freising (Freisingen) (d.
1 158), a German historian, Bishop of
Freising: sketch of, 18, 178; advises
Henry II of Austria, 17, 91
Otto of Wittelsbach (d. 1209), Duke
of Bavaria: in Italy, 18, 149; ac-
quires Bavaria, 153; murders Philip
of Suabia, 158; death of, 159
Otto: see also Otho
Ottokar (Ottocar) (II) (d. 1278),
King of Bohemia: revolt of, 18, 180
Ottokar, Italian chieftain: see Odoacer
Ottoman Turks, the branch of the
Turks that founded the Turkish em-
pire: coming of, 14, 5; in Greece,
2, 536
Otto-Venire (ca. 1550-1630), a Flem-
ish painter: sketch of, 13, 220
Otumba, Mexico: battle of, 22, 39
Otyimbingue, South Africa: purchased
by German missionaries, 19, 94
6uchi Yoshihiro (14th century), Japa-
nese revolutionist: rebellion of, 7,
94
Ouchi Yoshitaka (early 16th century),
Japanese subject: provides corona-
tion expenses for Emperor Gonara,
7, 100
Oude: see Oudh
Oudenarde (Oudenaarde or Auden-
arde), Belgium: battle of (1708),
9, 223, 11, 459, 13, 250, 18, 314
Oudh (Oude), a province of British
India: annexed to British India, 5,
229
Oudh Rent Act, an act to guard the
rights of the tenants against the
landlords (1885): passage of, 5, 260
Oudh Tenancy Act, an act protecting
the rights of the peasant tenants
(1868): passage of, 5, 245
Oudinot, Nicolas Charles, Duke of
Reggio (1767-1847), a French mar-
shal: in the Napoleonic wars, 18,
383; made member of Louis
XVIII's council, 9, 355
Oudinot, Nicolas Charles Victor
(1791-1863), a French general: at
the Beresina, 15, 252; his campaign
in Italy, 9, 439; restores Pius IX to
his throne, 4, 368
Oulart, Hill of, Wexford, Ireland:
battle of (1798), 12, 210
Ourique, Portugal: battle of (1139),
8, 96, 274
Ousti, Austria: becomes the center of
religious reformers, 17, 127
Outram, Sir James (1803-1863), an
English general: makes friends of
the Bhils for the English, 5, 28;
assumes government of Oudh, 230;
his campaigns in the Mutiny, 237;
his campaign against Persia, 363
Outside Nortwinders: see Hyper-
boreans
Ovando (early 19th century), South
American soldier: orders the execu-
tion of Sucre, 21, 84
524
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Ovando, Nicolas de (1460-1518?), a
Spanish administrator: his govern-
orship of Hayti, 31, 16
Overseers, Southern, in the United
States: cruelty of, 34, 586
Ovid (Publius Ovidius Naso) (43 B.
C.-17 or 18 A. D.), a Roman poet:
exiled, 4, 44
Ovinian Law, a Roman law regulating
the composition of the Senate:
passed, 3, 53
Owen, Captain (early 19th century),
English scientist: obtains territory
in Africa for England, 19, 51
Oxe, Peder (late 16th century), Dan-
ish statesman: sketch of, 16, 197
Oxenden, Sir George (17th century),
English official in India: defends
English factory at Surat (1662), 5
131; (1664), 165
Oxenstierna (Oxenstiern), Count Axel
(1583-1654), Swedish statesman: in
the Thirty Years' War, 16, 186, 18,
284; leads the aristocrats, 16, 204
Oxford, England: siege of (1645), 11,
353; first Russian grammar printed
at, 15, 34
Oxford, Earls of: see Harley, Robert
and Vere, Robert de
Oxford, Provisions of, in English his-
tory, a set of articles passed by the
" Mad Parliament " at Oxford
(1258): clauses of, 11, 138
Oxford, University of, the older of the
two great universities of England:
origin and growth of, n, 116; growth
in reign of Henry III, 142; Wolsey
founds college at, 244; graduates of,
in Constitutional Convention, 23,
323
Oxford Reformers, religious reform-
ers in England: ambitions of, II,
239
Oyama, Marshal Count, a contempo-
rary Japanese statesman, minister of
war in 1894: his campaign in the
Chino-Japanese War, 7, 268; his
services in the Russo-Japanese War,
7, 310, 15, 364
Oye Hiromoto (late 12th century),
Japanese statesman: made minister
of the public archives, 7, 68; plans
campaign against the imperial
forces, 71
Ozaki, a contemporary Japanese
statesman, minister of education in
1898: causes downfall of Okuma's
cabinet, 7, 221
Ozarovski (late 18th century), Rus-
sian nobleman: death of, 15, 190
Ozerov (d. 1816), Russian dramatist:
work of, 15, 269
Ozolian Locrians (Locri Ozolae), a
Greek people living along the
Corinthian Gulf: defeated by Phi-
lomelus, 2, 460
Pa Chung (18th century), Chinese
general: bribes Gurkha invaders, 6,
109; disgrace and suicide of, 102
Paardeberg, South Africa: battle of
(1900), 20, 233
Pablos, Juan (16th century), Mexican
book publisher: publishes first Mexi-
can book, 22, 108
Pabon, South America: battle of
(1861), 31, 130
Pachano, General (19th century),
South American military officer:
made head of ministry, 21, 102
Pacheco (19th century), South Ameri-
can soldier: directs the defense of
Montevideo (1842), 21, 139
Pacheco, Diego Lopes (14th century),
Portuguese nobleman: concerned in
the murder of Ifies de Castro, 8,
289
Pacheco, Duarte (16th century), Por-
tuguese soldier: his campaign in In-
dia, 5, 148
Pacheco, Gregorio (19th century),
South American statesman: presi-
dent of Bolivia, 1884-1888, 21, 243
Paches (5th century B. C.) Athenian
commander: takes Mitylene (427 B.
C), 2, 293; slays himself, 296
Pacific, War of the, a war waged by
Chili against Bolivia and Peru
(1879-1883): causes, 21, 233; Chili-
ans occupy Bolivian coast, 234;
naval battles off Callao, 235; off
Cape Agamos, 235; land battles of
Tarapaca, 236; of Tacna, 237;
Chorillos and Miraflores, 237; Lima
entered by the Chilians, 238; ended
by Treaty of Ancon, 238
Pacific Ocean: discovered, 21, 16, 23,
2,7; as Florida boundary, 23, 445
Packard, S. B. (19th century), Ameri-
can statesman: elected governor of
Louisiana, 24, 872 note
Pacocha, South America: occupied by
the Chilians (1880), 21, 236
Pacorus, Prince (d. 38 B. C.) Par-
thian prince: invades Syria, 325: re-
volts against his father, 3, 325
Pacta Conventa, bond between the
King of Poland and his subjects: de-
scription of, 15, 380
Pacta de Tregua, a truce between
Chili and Bolivia (1884), 21, 265
Pactyas (6th century B. C), Lydian
official: mentioned, 2, 125
Padeborn, Prussia: battle of (783 A.
D.), 18, 82
Padilla, Juan de (16th century), Span-
ish statesman: arrested, 8, 346
Padua, Italy: conquered by Venice, 4,
250
Paducah, Kentucky: occupied by Fed-
erals, 24, 742
Paez, Jose Antonio (1785-1873), South
American general: induces the llan-
eros to join the revolutionists, 21,
66; rebels against Bolivar, 81; made
president of Venezuela, 94; second
administration of, 95; minister pleni-
potentiary to the United States, 97;
made dictator, 97; death of, 101
Paget, Lord (17th century), English
diplomat: in Turkey, 14, 266
Pago Pago (Pango Pango), a haven
on the southern side of Tutuila in
the Samoan Islands: ceded to the
United States, 20, 321, 24, 77
Pagomdas (5th century), Grecian sol-
dier: commands at Delium, 2, 311
Pahlen, Count Peter von der (1744-
1826), Russian general: implicated
in the assassination of Paul, 15, 208
Paine, Thomas (1737-1809), American
political writer: influence of, 23, 143;
publishes his pamphlet " Common
Sense," 239; his career in France,
10, 235 note
525
526
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Paiva (Payva), Alfonso de (15th cen-
tury), Portuguese explorer: journey
of, 5, 144, 20, 38
Pakenham, Sir Edward Michael
(1778-1815), British general: at siege
of New Orleans, 23, 428; death of,
428
Palacios (16th century), Mexican sol-
dier: commands expedition against
Drake, 22, 135; at the battle of
Cerro Gordo, 325
Palacios, Raimundo Andueza (19th
century), South American general:
president of Venezuela, 21, 246
Palacky, Frantisek (1798-1876), Bo-
hemian historian: sketch of, 17, 343;
draws up a project for the govern-
ment of the Austrian empire, 378;
leads Czech party, 403
Palaeolithic Age, name given to a pre-
historic period of the earth: men-
tioned, 23, 3; discoveries near the
Little Petrified Forest, 1, 3
Palaeolithic Men, inhabitants of the
earth during the Palaeolithic age:
description of, II, 25
Palaeopolis, Italy: siege of, 3, 69
Palafox y Melzi, Jose de (1 780-1 847),
Spanish general: defends Saragossa,
8, 489
Palafox y Mendoza, Juan de (17th
century), Archbishop of Mexico: as
vistador in Mexico, 22, 163; as vice-
roy of Mexico, 165
Palais Royal, France: description of,
10, 55 note
Palakollu, India: built, 5, 155
Palamesa, Diego de (17th century),
South American statesman: death
of, 21, 31
Palermo, Sicily: court of Frederick II
at, 18, 162; siege of (i860), 4, 378
Palermo, Stone of, inscribed stone
found in Egypt: its value, I, 13
Palestine, Asia Minor: conquered by
Antiochus, 3, 143; ravaged by Ro-
man forces, 4, 78; see also Israel
Palestrina, Giovanni Pierluigi da
(1524-1594): sketch of, 4, 414
Palestro, Italy: battle of (1859), 4,
373, 9, 451
Palffy, John (18th century), Austrian
statesman: made lieutenant of Bo-
hemia, 17, 253
Palikao, Charles Guillame Marie Apol-
linaire Antoine Cousin-Montauban,
Count de (1796-1878), French gen-
eral: in the Franco-Prussian War,
18, 422
Palladium (ca. 367-ca. 431 A. D.),
bishop of Helenopolis: sent as
bishop to Ireland, 12, 27
"Pallas," a United States war vessel:
fight with the " Countess of Scar-
borough," 23, 291
Pallot (16th century), Scotch governor
of Guelders, Netherlands: treachery
of, 13, 152
Palm, Johann Philip (1766- 1806),
bookseller of Nuremberg: sketch of,
18, 372
Palma, Tomas Estrada, a contempo-
rary Cuban statesman: elected presi-
dent of Cuba (1902), 22, 468, 24,
1046; sketch of, 22, 474; reelected
(1905), 490; resigns, 490
Palmar, Mexico: taken by insurgents,
22, 244 note
Palmella, Pedro de Souza-Holstein,
Duke of (1786-1850), a Portuguese
statesman: administration of, 8, 536
Palmer, Sir Arthur Power (1840-1904),
an English soldier: sketch of, 5, 279
Palmer, Fyshe (late 18th century),
a Scotch clergyman: sentenced to
transportation, 12, 371
Palmer, John McCauley (1817-1900),
an American general and politician:
nominated for President, 24, 1015
Palmera, Balearic Isles: battle of
(1228), 8, 240
Palmerston, Henry John Temple, Vis-
count ( 1 784-1865), British states-
man, called Evergreen Pam: mem-
ber of Grey's ministry, II, 587; for-
eign policy of, 593; his attitude to-
ward Poland, 15, 296; quoted on the
Webster-Ashburton Treaty, 24, 531;
dismissed from office, II, 609; sup-
ports Villier's Resolution, 610; first
ministry of, II, 617, 15, 3*7", sec-
ond ministry of (1859), II, 621
Palmetto State, The: see South Caro-
lina
GENERAL INDEX
527
Palnatoke (late ioth century), Danish
chief: career of, 16, 30
Palo Alto, a place near the southern
extremity of Texas: battle of (1846),
22, 289, 24, 547
Palsgrave, Goody: see Elizabeth
Queen of Bohemia
Paltry Peace: see Sainte-Menehould,
Treaty of
Pamir Difficulty, The, a question of
the boundary line between Asiatic
Russia, Afghanistan, and China, 15,
346
Pampas, grassy plains in South
America: description of, 21, 118
Pampeluna (Pamplona), Spain: cap-
tured by Charlemagne, 8, 70, 18, 81;
siege of (907 A. D.), 8, 197
Pan, a Greek god of pastures, forests,
and flocks: legend of, 2, 166
Pan, The Great: see Voltaire
Pan Ch'ao (2nd century B. C.)> a
Chinese general: his march to
Khoten, 6, 13
Panama, a city of Panama, Central
America: taken by Morgan, 20, 69;
Pan-American conference at (1826),
21, 80; made a free port, 85; south-
ern terminus of Panama Canal, 24,
1056
Panama, Republic of, Central Amer-
ica: created, 21, 245; history of, 20,
331; revolts from Colombia, 24, 1059
Panama Canal, a projected ship-canal
across the Isthmus of Panama: early
negotiations concerning, 24, 612;
account of, 1055; Congress declares
in favor of the lock type, 1084
Panama Congress, a congress held at
Panama in which the United States
and several Spanish-American coun-
tries were represented (1826) : ac-
count of, 21, 80, 23, 468, 24, 1055
Pan-American Conference, a confer-
ence in Rio Janeiro in which all the
American republics were represent-
ed (1906): account of, 21, 255
Pan-American Exposition, an exposi-
tion held in Buffalo, New York
(1901): McKinley shot at, 24, 1049
Pandita Ramabai: see Ramabai, Pan-
dita
Pandulf (Pandulph) (d. 1226), a papal
legate: receives the submission of
John, 11, 125
Pandya, an ancient kingdom of India:
description of, 5, 104
Paneas, afterwards called Caesarea
Philippe and now called Banias,
town in Palestine: battle of (198 B.
C), 1, 404
Pangaeus Mount, a mountain in an-
cient Greece: gold mines of, 2, 235;
mines worked by Philip of Macedon,
459
Panhandle State, The: see West Vir-
ginia
Panics and Crises, Financial:
B. C.
88. Rome, 3, 209
A. D.
305. Roman Empire, 4, 115
1379. England, 11, 174
1688. French East India Company,
5, 170
1718. Sweden, 16, 224
1720. Law's notes, 9, 232
1720. South Sea Company in Eng-
land, 11, 473
1774. France, 10, 25, 36, 40, 44
1783. France, 9, 257, 10, 31
1784. The Ostend Company, 5, 174
1790. France, 10, 164, 422
1791. France, 10, 161
1792. France, 10, 424
1795. France, 9, 292, 10, 332, 369,
372
1797. France, 10, 428
1800. Austria-Hungary, 17, 289
1802. England, 10, 444
181 1. Austria, 17, 303, 328
1813. Denmark, 16, 257
1814. United States-, 24, 1092
1816-1817. England, 11, 569
1819. England, II, 572
1819. United States, 23, 438
1822. France, 9, 483
1833. United States, 23, 503, 24,
1095
1836. United States, 23, 505
1837. United States, 23, 512, 24,
1097
1866. Argentine Republic, 21, 132
1866. India, 5, 246
528
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
1873. Germany, 18, 438
1873. United States, 24, 896, 899
1876. Argentine Republic, 21, 257
1883. Italy, 4, 400
1887. China, 6, 255
1891. Argentine Republic, 21, 257
1893. India, 5, 273
1893. United States, 24, 995
1895. Chili, 22, 242
1898. Persia, 5, 364
Panin (Pannini), Count Nikita Ivan-
ovitch (1718-1783), a Russian states-
man: plots for Catherine, 15, 155;
his struggles with Orlov, 165; in the
Pugatchev insurrection, 169; fall of,
171; at Bender, 177, 180
Panipat (Paniput), British India: bat-
tles of (1526), 5, 109; (1556), hi;
(1761), 128, 133
Panis, fitienne Jean (1757-1833), a
French revolutionist: leader of the
commune, 10, 203
Paniutin, General (early 19th century),
Russian military officer: in the Hun-
garian insurrection, 15, 300
Pann, Peter (late 16th century), a
Dutch revolutionist: attempts to as-
sassinate Prince Maurice of Orange,
13, 165
Panniar, British India: battle of
(1843), 5, 219
Panncnia, in ancient geography, a
Roman province: under Roman rule,
17, 12; insurrection of, 4, 44; in-
vaded by the barbarians, 17, 14; rav-
aged by barbarians, 15^ occupied
by the Ostrogoths, 16; settled by
Lombards, 17; peopled by Slav
colonists, 19
Pansa, Caius Vibius (d. 43 B. C.) Ro-
man consul, 43 B. C: consul-elect,
4, 12; death, 13
Pan-Scandinavianism, a movement to-
ward the closer union of the Scan-
dinavian countries: sentiment of, 16,
264, 282
Panshen Lama, The, a Tibetan Bud-
dhist priest: his pilgrimage to Pe-
king, 6, 100
Panslavism, a tendency towards union
among the Slavic races in Austro-
Hungary: rise of, 17, 353; reawak-
ening of movement, 448
Pao Ting Fu, China: outrages of the
Boxers at, 300
Papal Schism, The, name given to the
struggle for the papacy between the
popes at Rome and at Geneva (1378-
1417) : mentioned, 14, 33
Paper King, The: see Law, John
Paper Money: see Coins and Coinage
Paphlagonia, ancient kingdom of Asia
Minor: assigned to Eumenes after
death of Alexander, 2, 512
Paphos, Cyprus: Greek colony of, 2,
57
Papinian (Papinianus) iEmilius (d. 212
A. D.), rules Rome, 4, 101; death,
102
Papirius, Lucius, Roman soldier and
statesman, consul, 272 B. C: re-
ceives the surrender of Tarentum,
3, 81
Pappenheim, Gottfried Heinrich,
Count of (1594-1632), German sol-
dier, called Jack o' Scars: campaigns
of, 16, 182, 18, 271, 280, 284
Pappua, northern Africa: siege of
(534 A. D.), 18, 49
Papremis, Egypt: battle of, 1, 32
Papus, Lucius Aemilius, Roman con-
sul 225 B. C: at battle of Telamon,
3, 109
Papyrus Prisse, ancient Egyptian
manuscript: description of, 1, 16
Para, South America: resists the cre-
ation of the empire of Brazil, 21, 167
Paracelsus (of Einsiedeln), Philippus
Aureolus, originally Theophrastus
Bombastus von Hohenheim (1493-
1541), German-Swiss physician and
alchemist: researches of, 13, 455
Paradise of the Indies, The: see Cey-
lon
Paraguay, South America: founded,
21, 48; supremacy of the Jesuits in,
20, 95; suppression of the Jesuits in,
98; revolts from Spain (1811), 21,
69; account of, from 181 1 to 1876,
147; desired by Brazilians, 174; ac-
count of, from 1876 to 1906, 259
Paraguay River, South America: ex-
plored, 21, 35
Parahyba, South America: resists the
creation of the empire of Brazil, 21,
167
GENERAL INDEX
529
Paralada, Spain: siege of (1471), 8,
267
" Paralus," Athenian galley, in the
Peloponnesian War, 2, 357, 359;
captured by the Macedonians, 467
Parana, Brazil: foreign element in,
21, 251
Parana River, South America: ex-
plored, 21, 25; navigation of, 118
Pardo, Jose (early 20th century),
South American statesman: presi-
dent of Peru, 21, 242
Pardo, Manuel (1834-1878), president
of Peru, 1872-1876: proclaimed pres-
ident, 21, 210; administration of,
211
Paredes y Arrillaga, Mariano (1790-
1849), Mexican general: leads re-
volt, 22, 278; becomes president
(1845), 284; returns to power, 356;
leads rebellion, 380
Paredo (19th century), South Ameri-
can politician: president of Bolivia,
21, 243
Pareja y Septien, Jose Manuel (1812-
1865), Spanish naval officer: his ul-
timatum to Chili, 21, 220; death of,
207, 221
Parini, Giuseppe (1729-1799), Italian
.poet: sketch of, 4, 339
Paris, France: made capital of Frank-
ish kingdom, 9/20, 18, 46; sieges of
(885-886 A. D.), 16, 23, 18, 97;
(978 A. D.), 116; (1358), 9, 101;
(1436), 9, no; (1589-1590), 13, 156;
capture of by the allies, 9, 348, 15,
262, 17, 308, 311, 18, 387; Universal
Exhibition of Industry at (1855), 9,
448; siege and capture of (1870-
1871), 9, 468, 18, 425; battle of
(1871), 9, 472; arbitrators of seal
fisheries meet at, 24, 980; interna-
tional congress held at, 24, 1056
Paris (Alexander), Trojan prince: in
Homer's " Iliad," 2, 29
Paris, Council of, a church council
(614 A. D.), 9, 32
Paris, Little: see Brussels
Paris, Treaties of:
1229. A peace between France and
the Albigensian rebels, 9, 79
1763. A truce between England,
France, Spain, and Portugal, 5,
181, 9, 247, 11, 505, 20, 76, 23, 197
1783. A peace between Great Brit-
ain on one side and the United
States, France, and Spain on the
other, 11, 523, 20, 107, 128, 288
J 795- A truce between Holland and
France, 10, 347, 13, 266, 17, 281
1801. A peace between Russia and
France, 10, 444, 15, 213
1814. A treaty confiding Napoleon
as a prisoner of war to England
and signed by Great Britain, Aus-
tria, Russia, and Prussia, 8, 532, 9,
356, 11, 568, 13, 280, 15, 263, 17,
314, 20, 221
1856. A peace between Russia, Tur-
key, England, France, and Sar-
dinia, 14, 460, 470, 473, 15, 322,
17, 384
1858. A peace between England
and Persia, 5, 364
1898. A peace between the United
States and Spain, 8, 520, 22, 468,
24, 1032
Paris, University of: origin and
growth of, 11, 116
Parishes, a Vienna banking house:
rise of, 17, 328
Park, Mungo (1771-1805), Scotch ex-
plorer: explorations of, 19, 42
Parker, Captain (18th century), Ameri-
can patriot: at battle of Lexington,
23, 226
Parker, Alton Brooks (1852 ),
American jurist and lawyer: Demo-
cratic nominee for president, 24,
1065; declares for gold standard,
1066; compared with Roosevelt,
1068; sketch of, 1069
Parker, Sir Hyde (1738-1807), English
naval commander: his expedition
against the Dutch, 13, 258; given
command of navy against the
Northern Confederacy, 11, 552; at
the battle of Copenhagen, 16, 255
Parker, Matthew (1504-1575), Arch-
bishop of Canterbury: made arch-
bishop, 11, 275
Parker, Sir Peter (1721-1811), English
admiral: joins General Clinton, 23,
236
530
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Parker, Richard (d. 1797), English
sailor: leader of navy mutiny, 1 1,
548
Parker, Samuel (1640-1687), English
prelate: appointed to the Bishopric
of Oxford, 11, 424; candidate for
presidency of Magdalen College,
426
Parker, Theodore (1810-1860), Ameri-
can scholar: member of American
Anti-Slavery Society, 24, 574; quot-
ed on the rescue of Shadrach, 615
Parkes, Sir Harry (19th century),
English diplomat: sent on embassy
to Nanking, 6, 145; appointed con-
sul at Canton, 158; taken prisoner,
179
Parkes, Sir Henry (1815-1896), Aus-
tralian statesman: suggests the Mel-
bourne Conference, 20, 203
Parliament, Barebone's, a Parliament
assembled by Cromwell in 1653;
description of, 11, 366
Parliament, English: first use of the
term, 11, 135; separation of the two
houses, 162; claims control of ex-
penditures of crown, 173
Parliament, Grattan's, an Irish Parlia-
ment which met in 1783: description
of, 12, 190
Parliament, The Addled, a Parliament
dissolved by King James of Eng-
land in 1614, before it had passed
any acts: description of, 11, 311
Parliament, The Cavalier, a Parlia-
ment which met in 1661, so-called
because of the large number of
members who were Cavaliers: de-
scription of, 11, 382
Parliament, The Good, an English
Parliament which met in 1376: de-
scription of, 11, 172
Parliament, The Long, an English
Parliament which met in 1640: de-
scription of, 11, 337; dissolved, 374
Parliament, The Mad, an English Par-
liament which met in 1258: descrip-
tion of, 11, 138
Parliament, The Merciless (The Won-
derful), an English Parliament
which met in 1388: description of,
11, 181
Parliament, The Model, an English
Parliament which met in 1295: de-
scription of, 11, 148
Parliament, The Short, an English
Parliament which met in 1640: de-
scription of, 11, 337
Parliament, The Wonderful: see Par-
liament, The Merciless
Parliament of Shrewsbury, The, an
English Parliament which met in
1398: description of, 11, 184
Parma, Italy: battles of (1495), 18,
227; (1734), 9, 236; revolt of (1831),
I 7> 3 2 7', Austrians driven out of
(1848), 367
Parma, Alexander Farnese, Duke of:
see Farnese, Alessandro
Parma, Marguerite, Duchess of: see
Marguerite, Duchess of Parma
Parma, Ottavio Farnese, Duke of: see
Farnese, Ottavio
Parmenio (Parmenion) (d. 330 B. C.)>
Macedonian general: general of
Alexander, 2, 490; at Issus, 492; at
Arbela, 496; murdered, 500
Parmount, Philemon (17th century),
American educator: appointed
teacher of Boston school, 23, 140
Parnell, Charles Stewart (1846-1891),
Irish statesman: sketch of, 12, 237;
leads Home Rule party, 11, 633;
arrested, 634; death of, 12, 240
Parnell, Sir John (18th century), Irish
statesman: opposes Union, 12, 215
Paros, Aegean Sea: Island of, 2, 18;
attacked by Miltiades, 2, 171
Parr, Catherine (ca. 1512-1548), sixth
wife of Henry VIII of England:
marriage of, 11, 261
Parra, Aquilleo (19th century), South
American statesman: elected presi-
dent of Colombia, 21, 92
Parrot, Johan Jacob Friedrich Wil-
helm: (1792-1841), German travel-
er: remonstrance of, 15, 265
Parrow, Henrik (14th century), Nor-
wegian knight: leads the Norwegian
forces, 16, 121
Parry, Sir William Edward (Sir Ed-
ward Parry) (1790-1855), English
navigator: explorations of, 16, 306,
307
GENERAL INDEX
531
Parsons or Persons, Robert (1546-
1610), English Jesuit: teachings of,
11, 292
Parsons, Sir William (17th century),
a lord justice of Ireland: attempts
to crush rebellion of 1641, 12, 115
Parson's Cause, an American law-suit
tried in 1763, 23, 207
Parthalon, legendary Grecian settler
in Ireland: leads colonists, 12, 23
Parthamasiris (d. 114 A. D.), Par-
thian prince: submits to Trajan, 4,
89
Parthenon, Athenian temple: descrip-
tion of, 2, 255; becomes a mosque,
536; partial destruction of, 2, 539,
14, 256 note
Parthenopean Republic, name of the
republic which succeeded the king-
dom of Naples: proclaimed at Na-
ples, 10, 402
Parthia, Kingdom of, Asia: founded,
3, 167
Parties, Political (Factions, Groups,
Societies, Associations) :
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: democrats
17, 330, aristocratic federalists, 426;
ultramontanes, 426; constitutional-
ists, 426; moderate federalists, 427;
conservatives, 429; German Liberals,
433; Clericals, 436, 439; Separatists
or party of Independence, 17, 439;
Christian Socialists, 457
BOHEMIA: democrats, 17, 134; na-
tional party, 403; Old Czechs, 17,
428; Young Czechs, 428
CANADA: Liberal or Reforming
Party, 20, 157; Conservatives or
Tories, 157; " Rebels," 158, 159;
" Loyalists," 158, 159; extreme
Democrats or Clear-grits, 160
ENGLAND: Independents, II, 349;
Presbyterians, 349; Levelers, 363;
Royalists, 365; Cavaliers, 380;
Whigs, 409; Tories, 410; High To-
ries, 455; Jacobites, 478; the Boys,
482; the Opposition, 482, 522; Con-
servatives, 591, 635; Liberals, 594,
624, 633; Protectionists, 606; Peel-
ites, 606; Liberal Unionists, 636
FRANCE: the Frondeurs, 9, 201;
the Mazarins, 201; Cordeliers, 9,
272, 284, 10, 128, 247, 306; Feuillants,
9, 272, 274, 10, 154, 167, 175, 177;
Jacobins, 9, 272, 311, 10, 118, 243,
327; Girondists, 9, 272, 10, 154; the
Mountaineers, 9, 278, 10, 82, 215,
306, 339; sansculottes, 9, 284; Dan-
tonists, 288; Committees, 292; emi-
grant party, 295; reactionists, 303;
constitutionalists, 9, 358, 422, 10,
139. 158, 160, 164, 175; republicans,
9, 358, 475, 10, 139, 239, 361; royal-
ists, 9, 366, 475, 10, 269, 355, 386,
490; liberals, 9, 366; men of move-
ment, 395; men of resistance, 395,
406; legitimists, 9, 421, 474, 479; red
republicans, 436; monarchists, 9, 474,
10, 80; Orleanists, 9, 474; conserva-
tives, 9, 481, 10, 82; Opportunists, 9,
483; Radicals, 9, 483, 10, 82; patri-
ots, 9, 484; Nationalists or Revision-
ists, 485; socialists, 486; popular
party, 10, 87; democrats, 10, 155,
297, 325, 375, 44i; Decemvirs, 297;
Thermidorians, 327, 349; convention-
alists, 355, 361, 385; imperialists, 9,
358; ultra-royalists, 358, 366, 378;
Third Party, 406, 412, 415
GERMANY: liberals or nationals,
18, 407, 413, 436, 441; Progressives,
434; Conservatives, 434, 445; Free
Conservatives, 435; irreconcilables,
435; National Liberals, 435, 446; So-
cial Democrats, 437, 445; Clericals,
439
GREECE: war party, 2, 151; peace
party, 151; extreme democrats, 151;
democrats, 220, 232, 251, 253, 417,
439; Conservative and philo-Laco-
nian party, 239, 251, 329; oligarchic,
357
HUNGARY: Liberals, 17, 389;
democrats, 412; liberal ministerial
party, 412, 429
IRELAND: Nationalists, 11, 642;
Puritans, 12, 118; Old Irish, 118;
Old Anglo-Irish Catholics, 118;
Royalists, 118; Confederates, 119;
Parliamentarians, 122; Patriotic or
Popular Party, 12, 170; Levelers,
175; Old Ireland Party, 227; Young
Irelanders, 227; Fenians, 235; Par-
nellites, 237
532
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
ISRAEL: Pharisees, I, 407; Saddu-
cees, 407
ITALY: Guelphs, 4, 199; Ghibel-
lines, 4, 199, 8, 244; the Albizi, 8,
266; the Medici, 267; Left or Pro-
gressives, 397; Right or Conserva-
tives, 397; Republicans, 398; Radi-
cals, 398; Socialists, 398; papal
party, 399
JAPAN: the Jiyu-to (Liberals), 7,
183; Kaishim-to (Progressives), 184;
the Genro or Elder Statesmen, 212;
Constitutional Party, 219; Constitu-
tional Political Association (Rik-
ken Seiyu Kwai), 227
KOREA: Conservatives, 7, 195; pro-
gressives, 256; Tonghak (or
" Learning of the East ") party, 257
MEXICO: federalists, 22, 267;
Yorkinos, 268; Escocesses, 268; cen-
tralists, 272; Moderados, 356; Mon-
arquistas, 356; Republicans, 391;
Conservatives, 391, 401; Juaristas,
401; Clericals, 401; Lerdeitas, 401;
Constitutionalists, 402; Porfiristas,
402
NETHERLANDS: Catholics, 13,
320; Conservative-Protestants, 320;
Liberals, 320
POLAND: democrats, 17, 405; fed-
eralists, 405
ROME: patricians, 3, 35; plebeians,
35; democrats, 51; popular party,
118; aristocratic, 122; opposition,
157; optimates, 172, 281; moderate,
178; Gracchan party, 179, 185; repub-
licans, 320
RUSSIA: old or national party, 15,
109; extreme party, 326; liberals,
346; social democrats, 358
SCOTLAND: Whigs, 12, 351, 352;
Jacobites, 352, 360, 364; Non-instru-
sion, 373
SOUTH AMERICA: Argentine
Republic, 21, 123, 133; Brazil, 175,
252; Chili, 21, 216, 219, 238, 24, 978;
Colombia, 21, 107; Ecuador, 107,
no, 112; Uruguay, 141, 146; Ven-
ezuela, 101, 103
SPAIN: court party, 8, 493; reac-
tionary party, 493; moderates, 494;
constitutional party, 496; Carlists,
497, 502, 514; Liberals, 499, 517, 522;
royalists, 515; Ultramontanes, 517;
Unionist Republicans, 517; Con-
servatives, 517, 520; Democratic
Liberal party, 521; Republicans, 521
SWEDEN: conservatives, 16, 277;
ultra-conservatives, 277; ultra-lib-
erals, 277; liberals, 277; government
party, 279; agrarians, 279; freetrad-
ers, 280; protectionists, 280
SWITZERLAND: democrats, 13,
498, 565; Patriots, 508; Liberals, 13,
543; Radicals, 543, 583; Conserva-
tives, 544, 563; Ultramontanists, 549,
563; Republicans, 558; Royalists,
558; Centralists, 566; Progressive,
566; Clericals, 5C9
TURKEY: Young Turkey, 14, 478
UNITED STATES: Anti-Federal-
ists, 23, 335, 356; Federalists, 335;
Republicans, 357; Democrats, 498;
National Republicans, 24, 519;
Democratic-Republicans, 519, 524;
Whigs, 519; Free Soil party,
558; Liberty or Abolitionist, 559;
Mississippi, " resisters," 612; Union
party, 612; Independent Democrats,
633; Know-Nothings, 644; Northern
Democrats, 653; Free State party,
662; Southern Democrats, 678, 892;
Constitutional Union party, 680;
Liberal Party, 683; Liberal Repub-
licans, 890; Greenback party, 909,
930; Prohibitionists, 909, 948;
Radical Republicans, 742; Inde-
pendents or " Mugwumps," 946, 948;
Labor party, 966; Farmers' Alliance
party, 966; People's Party or " Popu-
lists," 975; Socialist Labor Party,
991; Anti-Imperialist League, 1038;
Silver Republicans, 1038
Partition Treaties:
B. C.
187. Settlement of Asia, 3, 145
41. Division of the Roman Empire,
4, 20
A. D.
1529. Peace of Cambria, 4, 305
1544. Between sons of Frederick
I, 16, 267
1581. Partition of Flensburg, 16,
267
1660. Division of West Indies, 20,
76
GENERAL INDEX
533
1660. Peace of Copenhagen, 16, 210
1661. Peace of Kardis, 16, 211
1735- Treaty of Vienna, 17, 192
1739. Treaty of Belgrade, 17, 192
1763. Definitive Treaty or Treaty
of Paris, 20, 120, 23, 198
1772. First Partition of Poland, 14,
338, 15, 173, 380, 17, 247, 18, 345
1793. Second Partition of Poland,
15, 189, 383, 17, 281, 18, 358
1795. Treaty of Paris, 17, 281
1795. Third Partition of Poland,
15, 191. 384, 17, 281, 18, 359
1797. Treaty of Campo Formio, 18,
361
1805. Peace of Presburg, 17, 294,
18, 367
1809. Peace of Vienna, 18, 377
1814. Congress of Vienna, 9, 359,
10, 499, II, 567, 15, 262, 384, 17,
313, 18, 388
1814. Treaty of Paris, 8, 532, 9, 356,
11, 568, 13, 280, 15, 263, 17, 314,
20, 221
Partouneaux, Count Louis (19th cen-
tury), French military officer: at the
Beresina, 15, 253
Parysatis, queen of Darius II, 423-404
B. C: influence of, 2, 388
Pascal (Paschal) II, Pope, 1099-1118:
releases Spain from crusade obliga-
tions, 8, 90; grants a Scandinavian
archbishopric, 16, 75; his quarrels
with Henry V of Germany, 18,
139, 140; aids Raymundo III of Bar-
celona against Mohammedans, 8,
228; death of, 18, 141
Pascatacacy, Emperor of (17th cen-
tury), Indian chief: visited by Gov-
ernor Calvert, 23, 70; hospitality to-
ward Maryland settlers, 70
Paschal III, anti-Pope, 1164-1168: ap-
pointed by Frederick Barbarossa,
18, 151
Pasco, Treaty of, a treaty concluded
between Peru and Bolivia (1842),
31, 188
Paskievitch, Ivan Feodorovitch (1782-
1856), Russian general: his cam-
paign against Persia, 15, 283; his
campaign against Turkey, II, 284,
14, 426, 428, 453, 15, 278; in the
Polish insurrection, 15, 295; in the
Hungarian insurrection, 301; invades
Galicia, 17, 372
Pasquier, fitienne Denis, Duke of:
(1767-1862), French statesman: be-
comes minister for foreign affairs,
9, 372
Passarowitz, Peace of, a treaty con-
cluded at Passarowitz in 1718, be-
tween Turkey on one side and Aus-
tria and Venice on the other: ac-
count of, 14, 6, 290, 374, 17, 235, 18,
320
Passau, Convention of, a treaty con-
cluded at Passau in .1552, between
the elector Maurice of Saxony and
King Ferdinand in behalf of the
Emperor, Charles V, 9, 146, 18, 258
Passy, Frederick (b. 1822), French po-
litical economist: made minister of
commerce, 9, 409
Pasvan Oglu (19th century), Pasha of
Widden: rebellion of (1805), 14,
386, 15, 218; joined by Janissaries,
I4 387; joins Mohammedan brigand
league, 388
Patagonia, South America: discovered,
21, 17; dispute over possession of,
227
Patagonian Indians, South American
tribe: tallest race in the world, 23,
9
Patala: see Haidarabad
Patay, France: battle of (1429), 9,
116, 11, 204
Patent of October 20, i860, The, an
attempt at Constitutional govern-
ment in Austria: account of, 17, 386
Paternal Authority, in early Rome:
status of, 3, 5, 11
Paterson, William (1658-1698), an
English banker and projector: or-
ganizes a Scottish East India Com-
pany, 5, 171; suggests the Bank of
England, 11, 442; plans settlement
on the Isthmus of Darien, 12, 357
Patinos (early 19th century), South
American half-breed, secretary to
the dictator of Paraguay: influence
of, 21, 152; death of, 154
Patkul, John Reinhold (1660- 1707),
Livonian patriot: mission of, 15,
38; death of, 15, 46, 16, 219
Patna, India: massacre of, 5, 187
5S4t
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Patras, Greece: mentioned, 2, 548
Patriarch of Ferney, The: see Voltaire
Patricians, Roman aristocrats: strife
with plebeians, 3, 47
Patrick, Saint (ca. 372-493 A. D.), the
patron saint of the Irish, called the
Apostle of the Irish: work of, 12,
27
Patriotic Democratic Party, an asso-
ciation formed to resist any diminu-
tion of Norwegian liberties: account
of, 6, 282
Patriotism: lack of, among early Brit-
ons, 11, 13
Patrona Khalil (18th century), rebel
janissary: insolence of, 14, 295
Patrons of Husbandry: see Grangers
Patroon System, an arrangement of
tenants and landlords in colonial
New York: account of, 23, 132
Patterson (late 18th century), Eng-
lish explorer: his work in Africa,
20, 130
Patterson, Elizabeth (early 19th cen-
tury), American woman: married to
Jerome Bonaparte, 18, 374
Patterson, Robert (1792-1881), Ameri-
can general of Irish birth: in the
Mexican War, 22, 373; at battle of
Bull Run, 24, 734; relieved from
command, 735
Patterson, William (1745-1806), Ameri-
can statesman: submits plan of gov-
ernment to Constitutional Conven-
tion, 23, 326
Pattison, Robert Emory (1850-1894),
American statesman, governor of
Pennsylvania, 1883-1887 and 1891-
1895: candidate for presidential
nomination, 24, 1014
Patuas: see Juangs
Paul, Saint (1st century A. D.), the
apostle of the Gentiles: preaches in
Spain, 8, 31
Paul II (Pietro Barbo) (1418-1471),
Pope, 1464-1471: his relations with
Bohemia, 17, 146
Paul III (Alessandro Farnese) (1466-
1549), Pope, 1534-1549: accession of,
9, 142; arranges truce between the
Emperor, Charles V, and Francis I
of France, 9, 143; calls the Council
of Trent, 18, 251; favors the natives
of Peru, 21, 38
Paul IV (Gian Pietro Caraffa), (1476-
1559), Pope, 1555-1559: opposes
Spanish rule in the Two Sicilies, 8,
354; urges Henry II of France to
make war against the empire, 9,
147; his struggle with Philip II of
Spain, 13, 69
Paul V (Camillo Borghese) (1552-
1621), Pope, 1605-1621: hostility of,
towards Galileo, 4, 321
Paul (I) Petrovitch (1754-1801), Em-
peror of Russia, 1796-1801: birth of,
IS, 155; Catherine's treatment of,
164; marries Natalia Alexievna,
165; marries Maria Feodorovna, 172;
reign of, 200; in the Second Coali-
tion, 18, 362; plans invasion of In-
dia, 5, 198; death of, 9, 318; 15,
208, 16, 256
Paul, Duke (7th century A. D.), a
Greek usurper of the Gothic throne:
rebellion of, 8, 45
Paul, The German: see Luther, Mar-
tin
Paul the Deacon (Paulus Diaconus)
(ca. 720-800), mediaeval historian: at
the court of Charlemagne, 18, 86
Paul, Rojas, president of Venezuela,
1887-1889: driven from power, 21,
246
Paulding, John (d. 1818), American
soldier: aids in capture of Andre,
23, 277
Paulinus (d. 644 A. D.), Italian mis-
sionary, Bishop of York, 627-644
A. D.: converts Eadwine of Nor-
thumbria, 12, 253; becomes Bishop
of York, II, 34
Paulinus, Sustonius, Roman consul,
66 A. D.: his campaigns in Britain,
4, 75
Paulists, Roman Catholic monks*
sketch of, 20, 94; influence of, in
Brazil, 21, 38
Paulus, Lucius Aemilius, Roman con-
sul, 50 B. C: sells his services to
Caesar, 3, 331
Paulus, Lucius Aemilius, Roman con-
sul, 219 B. C: election of, 3, 120
Paulus, Lucius Aemilius (Macedoni-
GENERAL INDEX
535
cus), Roman consul, 168 B. C: in
the third Macedonian War, 3, 149;
refuses to corrupt the soldiers with
the spoils of war, 156.
Paumota Islands: see Tuamotu Islands
Pauncefote, Sir Julian (1828 ),
English statesman: at the Peace
Conference, 15, 357; in Behring Sea
controversy, 24, 980
Pausanius (d. 466 B. C), King of
Sparta: commands at Plataea, 2,
207, 210; at Byzantium, 223; de-
posed, 224; conspires with Helots,
228; dies of starvation, 229
Pausanius (d. 380 B. C), King of
Sparta, 444-380 B. C: pacifies
Athens, 2, 387; invades Boeotia, 398
Pausanius (4th century B. C), Mace-
donian noble: slays Philip, 2, 481
Pausiris (5th century B. C.) Persian
viceroy of Egypt: administration of,
If 33
Paux (Pauw), Adrian (1 584-1 563),
Dutch statesman: his mission to
London, 13, 225, 229
Pavia, northern Italy: conquered by
the Lombards (568 A. D.), 4, 163,
18, 51; sieges of (754 A. D.), 18, 77;
(774 A. D.), 79; (1006), 121; battle
of (1525), 4, 302, 8, 350, 9, 139, 11,
241, 13, 56, 439, 18, 245
Pavy, Octave (late 19th century),
American Arctic explorer: explora-
tions of, 16, 319
Pawnee Indians, tribe of American In-
dians: number of, 23, 17
Pax Romana (Roman peace) : account
of, 4, 46
Payer, Julius von (1842 ), Austrian
explorer: in Arctic regions, 16, 318
Payne, Henry B. (late 19th century),
American politician: member of the
Electoral Commission, 24, 913 note
Payne, Lewis (19th century), Ameri-
can political fanatic: stabs Secre-
tary Seward, 24, 826
Paysandu, Uruguay, South America:
pillaged by the insurgents (1864),
21, 143
Payva, Alfonso de (d. ca. i486), Por-
tuguese traveler: explorations of, 8,
322
Paz (early 19th century), South
American commander: directs the
defense of Montevideo (1842), 21,
139
Pazmany, Peter, Cardinal (1 570-1637),
Hungarian theologian: leads anti-
Reformation party in Transylvania,
17, 225
Peabody, George (1795-1869), Ameri-
can philanthropist: aids Arctic ex-
pedition, 16, 312
Peace, Justices of the: see Justices of
the Peace
Peace, The Badly Established, a treaty
signed at Longjumeau by the
Protestant and Catholic parties of
France (1568), 9, 156
Peace, The City of: see Jerusalem
Peace, The Napoleon of: see Louis
Philippe, King of the French
Peace, The Prince of: see Godoy,
Manuel
Peace, The Underhand, a treaty be-
tween the Duke of Burgundy and
the King of France (1407), 9, no
Peace, The Unfortunate: see Cateau-
Cambresis, Treaty of
Peace Conferences:
1799. Rastadt, 17, 284
1800. Luneville, 17, 285
1807. Tilsit, 10, 471
1813. Prague, 17, 307
1813. Frankfort, 9, 344
1853. Vienna, 14, 450
1856. Paris, 14, 460
1878. San Stefano, 14, 486
1878. Berlin, 14, 487
1898. Paris, 24, 1031
1899. The Hague, 13, 318
1905. Portsmouth, 7, 241, 318, 15,
364, 24, 1079
Peace of God: see Truce of God
Peace of 1648, The: see Westphalia,
Peace of
Peach Tree Creek, Georgia: battle of
(1864), 24, 797
Pearse, Colonel (18th century), Eng-
lish general: his campaign against
Haidar AH, 5, 193
Peary, Robert Edwin, an American
Arctic explorer and civil engineer:
born at Cresson, Penna., May 6,
1856; graduated from Bowdoin Col-
lege, 1877; entered the United
536
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
States Navy as a civil engineer, Oc-
tober 26, 1881; was assistant engi-
neer of Nicaragua Ship Canal under
Government orders, 1884-1885; in
charge of Nicaragua Canal surveys,
1887-1888; invented rolling-lock
gates for canal; made reconnois-
sance of the Greenland inland ice-
cap, east of Disco Bay, 1886; chief
of Arctic expedition of Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,
June, 1891-September, 1892; dis-
covered and named Melville Land
and Heilprin Land; determined the
insularity of Greenland for which he
received the Cullom medal of Amer-
ican Geographical Society, Patron's
medal of Royal Geographical So-
ciety, London, and medal of Royal
Scottish Geographical Society; made
another Arctic voyage, 1893-1895;
made a thorough study of the little
tribe of Arctic highlanders; discov-
ered Iron Mountain, 1894; made
summer voyages, 1896 and 1897;
commander of Arctic expedition un-
der the Peary Arctic Club of New
York, 1898-1902; rounded northern
extremity of Greenland Archipelago,
naming the northern cape, Cape
Morris K. Jessup; attained the high-
est north up to that time in the
western hemisphere (84 17' N.
Lat.); elected president of the
American Geographical Society,
1903; made another expedition, 1905-
1906; reached a point nearer the pole
than had ever been reached before
(87 6')
Discovers Independence Bay, 16,
296; explorations of, 320
Peasants' Revolt, The, a rebellion in
England against excessive taxation
(1381): described, II, 174
Pechenegs, a horde of Asiatic no-
mads: invade Europe, 14, 4
Pechlin, Count (late 18th century),
Swedish nobleman: plots to assas-
sinate Gustavus, 16, 249
Pederson, Kristen (16th century),
Danish author: sketch of, 16, 193
Pedius, Quintus, Roman soldier, con-
sul 43 B. C: made consul, 4, 14;
dies, 15
Pedraza (16th century), Spanish
priest: accompanies Pizarro, 31, 78
Pedraza, Manuel Gomez (1788-1851),
Mexican soldier and politician, pres-
ident of Mexico, 1 828-1832: elec-
tion, 22, 266; returns to Mexico, 271
Pedro I, King of Aragon and Na-
varre, 1094-1105: accession to throne
of Navarre, 8, 201; accession to
throne of Aragon, 232
Pedro II, King of Aragon, 1196-1213:
reign of, 8, 237; death of, 9, 78
Pedro III, King of Aragon, 1276-
1285: marries Constance, 4, 215,
8, 243; reign of, 8, 243; at war with
Charles of Anjou, 9, 85
Pedro IV, King of Aragon, 1336-1387:
reign of, 8, 250
Pedro I (1798-1834), Emperor of
Brazil, 1822-1831: advises his father
to make concessions to the people,
31, 165; accession of, 166; abdicates
crown of Portugal, 8, 535, 31, 167;
marries Maria Amalia of Leuchten-
berg, 31, 168; abdication of, 8, 535,
31, 169; death of, 8, 536
Pedro II (1825-1891), Emperor of
Brazil, 1831-1888: accession of, 31,
169; crowned, 170; summary of his
reign, 170; rule of, 251; abdication
of, 253
Pedro (I) the Cruel (1334-1369), King
of Leon and Castile, 1350-1369:
reign of, 8, 160; his relations with
Charles II of Navarre, 210; at war
with Pedro IV of Aragon, 253; strife
with Henry of Trastamara, II, 167;
at war with Charles V of France, 9,
103
Pedro (I) the Severe (1320-1367),
King of Portugal, 1357-1367: con-
cludes a treaty with Pedro the Cruel
of Castile, 8, 164; his relations with
Ihes de Castro, 286; rebellion of,
288; reign of, 289
Pedro II (1648-1706), King of Portu-
gal, 1683-1706: joins allies against
France and Spain, 8, 392; plots to
obtain throne, 467; made regent,
468; reign of, 469
GENERAL INDEX
537
Pedro III, King of Portugal, 1777-
1786: marries Maria I of Portugal,
8, 474
Pedro IV, King of Portugal: see
Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil
Pedro V (1837-1861), King of Portu-
gal, 1853-1861: reign of, 8, 538
Pedro (d. 1446), son of Joam I of
Portugal: travels of, 8, 304; made
regent of Portugal, 311; death of,
Pedro (d. 1466), infante of Portugal:
at war with Juan II of Aragon, 8,
266
Pedro (d. 1319), infante of Spain:
claims regency, 8, 158; death of, in
Pedro de Menezes (early 15th cen-
tury), Governor of Ceuta: heroism
of, 8 301
Pedro: see also Peter
Pedum, Italy: loses its independence,
3, 67
Peel, Sir Robert (1788-1850), English
statesman: recommends resumption
of cash payments by the Bank of
England, 11, 571; Home Secretary,
574, 582; police reforms of, 586;
favors Catholic emancipation, 12,
222; made Prime Minister, 11, 594;
asked to form a ministry, 597; sec-
ond ministry of, 601; death of, 609
Peep o' Day Boys, name of a Presby-
terian faction in the north of Ire-
land about 1785-1790: mentioned,
12, 196
Peiraeus, harbor of Athens: founded
by Themistocles, 2, 161; its walls
destroyed by Lysander, 378; rebuilt
by Conon, 402; restored to Athens,
512; in modern Greece, 548
Peisander, Athenian demagogue: at
Samos, 2, 35s; organizes conspiracy
at Athens, 358; flies to the Spar-
tans, 362
Peisistratidae, Athenian dynasty: rul-
ers at Athens, 2, 94
Peixoto, Floriano (1842-1895), Brazil-
ian statesman: made president of
Brazil, 21, 254
Pekah ben Ramaliah, King of Israel,
758-738 B. C. : usurps throne of
Israel, 1, 393
Pekahiah, King of Israel, ca. 760 B.
C. : murdered, 1, 393
Peking, China: made capital by Yun-
glo, 6, 30; taken by Manchus, 51;
made capital by Dorgun, 54; treaty
signed at, 6, 185, 9, 451; foreign
legations besieged in (1900), 6, 282,
300, 7, 280, 11, 639, 24, 1047; court
returns to, 6, 307
Pelasgi, early inhabitants of Greece:
in Hellenic tradition, 2, 23; religion
of, 38; meaning of name, 24; dis-
placed in Lesbos by Aeolians, 53;
amalgamate with Greeks in Chalci-
dice, 2, 79; in Italy, 83
Pelayo (d. 737), King of Asturias and
Leon: leads Christian forces, 8, 129;
character of, 130
Pelesheth: see Philistines
Pelet of La Lozere, Jean, Count
( I 7S9-i842), French legislator:
made minister of public instruction,
9, 409
Pelew Islands, North Pacific Ocean:
purchased by Germany, 20, 302
Pelham (ca. 16th century), English
officer: his campaign against the
Geraldines, 12, 90
Pelham, Sir Henry (1696-1754), Eng-
lish statesman: becomes First Lord
of the Treasury, 11, 487; unpopu-
larity of his ministry, 23, 187; death
of, 490
Pelham-Clinton, Henry Pelham, Duke
of Newcastle: see Newcastle .
"Pelican," British frigate: captures
" Argus," 23, 424
Pelion, Mount, Greece: mentioned, 2,
75
Pelissier, Aimable Jean Jacques, Due
de Malakov (1794-1864), French
marshal: in the Crimean War, 9,
447, 11, 617
Pella, Macedonia: founded, 2, 456;
Athenians treat with Philip at, 467
Pellegrini, Carlos, Argentine politi-
cian, president of Argentina, 1890-
1892: administration of, 21, 256
Pelletan, Pierre Clement Eugene
(1813-1884), French journalist,
politician and miscellaneous author:
in the elections of 1869, 9, 458
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Pellico, Silvio (1788-1854), an Italian
poet and prose-writer: work of, 4,
409; imprisoned, 17, 323
Pelligan (16th century), Swiss
scholar: becomes a teacher in Zur-
ich, 13, 436
Pelopidas (d. 364 B. C.)> Theban gen-
eral: slays polemarchs, 2, 423;
character of, 426; at Leuctra, 435;
in Peloponnesus, 441; imprisoned,
444; conquers Thessaly, 444; slain,
448
Peloponnesian War, a war between
Athens and its allies, on one side,
and the Peloponnesian Confederacy
on the other (431-404 B. C.) :
causes, 2, 262; invasion of Attica,
278; plague at Athens, 281; revolt
of Mitylene, 291; siege and capture
of Sphacterea (425 B. C), 302; bat-
tles of Delium (424 B. C.)> 3HJ
Amphipolis (422 B. C.), 316; Peace
of Niceas (421-416 B. C), 3^7', bat-
tle of Mantinea (418 B. C), 323;
Sicilian expedition (415-413 B. C),
328; revolution in Athens (411 B.
C), 357; revolt of Euboea (411 B.
C), 361; fall of the Four Hundred
(411 B. C), 361; battles of Abydos
(411 B. C.)> 363; Cyzicus (410 B.
C.)i 365; Notium (407 B. C), 369;
Arginusae (406 B. C), 371; Aegos-
potami (405 B. C), 375; surrender
of Athens (404 B. C), 376; results
of the war, 277
Peloponnesus, the ancient name of
the peninsula forming the southern
portion of Greece, the modern
Morea: geography of, 2, 14; Spar-
tan supremacy in, 10; conquest of,
31; see also Sparta, Achaia, Elis,
Arcadia, Argos and (post Hellenic)
The Morea
Peltry Trade: in New York and Penn-
sylvania, 23, 136
Pelusium (Furmah), Egypt: capture
of (343 B. C.)i 1, 33; capture of
(639 A. D.), 35, 291
Pemaquid, New England: attack on,
23, 158
Pemberton, John Clifford (1818-
1881), American Confederate gen-
eral: commands at Vicksburg, 24,
776; surrenders Vicksburg, 778
Pembroke, Richard the Marshal, Earl
of: see Richard the Marshal, Earl
of Pembroke
Pembroke, William the Marshal, Earl
of: see William the Marshal, Earl
of Pembroke
Pefia, Luis Saenz, South American
jurist, president of Argentina, 1892-
1895: administration of, 21, 257
Penal Code, a system of criminal law
in India (i860), 5, 244
Penal Laws, The, a system of laws
planned to destroy the Roman Cath-
olic religion in Ireland (1697): ac-
count of, 12, 157
Penalties: see Punishments
Pena-y-Pefia, Manuel de la, Mexican
jurist, President of Mexico, 1847-
1848: accession to the presidency,
22, 371; government of, 373; second
administration of, 375
Penda (7th century A. D.), Saxon
King of Mercia: reign of, 11, 34;
defeats Oswald at Maserfield, 35;
death of, 35
Pendleton, Edmund (1721-1803),
American statesman and jurist:
delegate to first Continental Con-
gress, 23, 223
Pendleton, George Hunt (1825-1889),
American politician: nominated for
Vice-President, 24, 800; candidate
for Presidency (1868), 858; intro-
duces Civil Service Reform Bill,
938
Pendleton Act, a bill for the regula-
tion of the American Civil Service
(1883): passed, 24, 938; enforced by
Cleveland, 951
Peninsula, The Hero of the: see Wel-
lington, Arthur Wellesley, Duke of
Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navi-
gation Company: incorporated, 5 r
224
Peninsular Campaign, General Mc-
Clellan's operations in the penin-
sula of Virginia (1862): account of,
2 4> 757; General Hooker distin-
guished in, 770; General Hancock
distinguished in, 930
GENERAL INDEX
539
Peninsular State, The: see Florida
Penitential System of Roman Cath-
olic Church: introduced by Theo-
dore of Tarsus, n, 38
Penn, Sir William (1621-1670), an
English Admiral: commands in the
West Indies, II, 370, 20, 71; in the
war with the Dutch, 13, 230
Penn, William, founder and first leg-
islator of the State of Pennsylvania
and one of the most illustrious of
Christian philanthropists; was born
in London, October 14, 1644; son of
Admiral Sir William Penn; at an
early age he was sent to Chigwell
School, in Essex; while there, be-
fore he was eleven years old, his
mind was deeply impressed with
the importance of religion; when
about fifteen he was sent to Christ
Church, Oxford, where he met
Thomas Loe and he was converted
to Quakerism and shortly after ex-
pelled from the university; his
father sent him on travels in Hol-
land and France and on his return
in 1666 he was ordered to manage
the estates of the family in the
county of Cork, Ireland; while in
Cork he again met Loe, was im-
prisoned for attending a Quaker
meeting and although soon liber-
ated he had to leave Ireland; on his
return to London he began to
preach and to work in different ways
for the society to which he be-
longed and in 1668 was thrown into
the Tower, but by the interference
of the Duke of York he obtained
his freedom; Penn's father died in
1670 leaving his estates and prop-
erty to his son; in 1671 he was
again imprisoned for preaching;
having been liberated he made a
tour to Holland and Germany and
on his return in 1672 he married
Gulielma Marie Springett; Penn in-
herited from his father a claim
against the government for i6,oool.
and in 1680 he obtained from the
king, in payment of that claim,
an extensive tract of land west of
the Delaware River and north of
Maryland and called Pennsylvania;
in 1682 Penn sailed for America; in
1684 he returned to England intent
on bettering the social position of
the Quakers, in which plan he
partly succeeded; during the reign
of James II he was suspected of
being implicated in certain dis-
graceful measures of the king;
after the overthrow of James he
was twice accused of entertaining
treasonable communication with the
exiled king and he was deprived of
his title to the Pennsylvania gov-
ernment; was acquitted in 1693, and
the title restored in 1694; after the
death of his first wife in 1693, he
married (1695) Hannah Callowhill
and went for second 'time (1699) to
Pennsylvania where he stayed till
1701; the mismanagement and vil-
lainy of his agent had brought him
to the verge of bankruptcy, and he
was thrown into the Fleet for some
time in 1708; died at Ruscombe, in
Berkshire, July 30, 1718
Visits Peter the Great, 15, 34; his
treatment of the Indians, 20, 19;
disputes boundary lines with Lord
Baltimore, 23, 72; proprietor of
Delaware, 108; joins Delaware with
Pennsylvania, 108; purchases New
Jersey, 109; sketch of, no; secures
grant from king, no; plans Phila-
delphia, in; treaty with Indians,
ill; deprived of colony by English
Revolution, 112; returns to Amer-
ica, 112; death, 112
Penna, Affonso de, South American
statesman, president of Brazil,
1906 : election, 21, 255
Pennington, William (1797-1862),
American statesman: elected
Speaker of the House, 24, 6jJ
Pennsylvania, colony and state of
North America, means " Penn's
Woods," called the Keystone State:
founded, 23, no; named, no; char-
ter, in; organization of, 20, 19;
Franklin acts as agent to England
for, 23, 122; growth of, as a colony,
20, 85; growth of its commerce,
108; growth of its population, 109;
540
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
condition of the Jews, i, 426; sta-
tistics at outbreak of Revolution,
23, 126; agitation among Quakers
against slavery, 130; status of in-
dented servants, 131; Quakers
emancipate their slaves, 20, 130;
races and religions at outbreak of
the Revolution, 23, 133; peltry trade,
136; beginning of iron industry,
136; public school system as a col-
ony, 141; colonial newspapers, 144;
religious tolerance of, 149; first
Continental Congress meets at
Philadelphia, 223; battle of German-
town, 260; meeting of second Con-
tiental Congress at Philadelphia,
229; Cornwallis captures Philadel-
phia, 259; British evacuate Phila-
delphia, 262; mutiny of soldiers
(1781), 306; levies tax on produce
from Delaware, 311; quarrels with
Connecticut over Wyoming Valley,
312; chooses delegates for Consti-
tutional Convention, 322; Constitu-
tional Convention meets at Phila-
delphia, 323; ratification of the Na-
tional Constitution, 335; experi-
ments with a single legislative
house, 10, 88 note; whiskey tax op-
posed, 23, 348; United States Bank
established in Philadelphia, 352;
United States' mint established at
Philadelphia, 354; Jackson eulo-
gized by legislature of, 462; protec-
tionist tendencies, 476; rank as to
population, 479; opposition to
Tariff Act of 1846, 24, 554; partial
abolition of slavery, 563; abolition
societies formed, 571; abolitionists
send petition to Congress, 572;
abolition riot in Philadelphia
(1838), 575; abolition pamphlets de-
stroyed at Philadelphia, 576; Presi-
dent Taylor visits, 594; negro res-
cues, 616; election of 1854, 645;
Presidential campaign of 1856, 655;
condemns Buchanan's Kansas pol-
icy, 670; Davis's prophecy concern-
ing. 778; Lee's invasion of, 778;
alarm over Lee's invasion, 779;
Early's invasion of, 792; Sheridan
saves from invasion, 792; Centen-
nial Exposition at Philadelphia, 903;
railroad strikes (1877), 917; the
" Mollie Maguires," 918; strike of
employees of Carnegie Steel Com-
pany, 992
Pennsylvania, University of: founded,
23, 141
Pennsylvania of the West, The: see
Missouri
Pennus, Marcus, Roman statesman,
tribune 26 B. C: carries his pro-
posal that non-burgesses should
leave the city, 3, 179
Pennyless, The: see Maximilian I,
Holy Roman Emperor
Penry, John, English dissenting
martyr: hanged, II, 301
Pensacola, Florida: foundations laid,
22, 182; captured by the French
(1719), 188; British expelled from,
23, 428; Spanish settlers aid Semi-
noles, 444; Confederates seize navy
yard, 24, 692
Pensaqui, Treaty of, a peace between
the United States of Colombia and
Ecuador (1863): mentioned, 21,113
Pensions, in the United States: de-
pendent bill vetoed by Cleveland,
24, 952; dependent bill passed, 971;
American and European systems
compared, 971
Pentelicus Mountains, Greece: men-
tioned, 2, 14
Penuelos, Chili: battle of (i860), 21,
219
People, League of the, a union of the
peasantry of several of the Swiss
cantons to defend their rights
(1653); account of, 13, 472
People, The Father and Friend of
the: see Henry IV, King of France
People, The Father of his: see Louis
XII, King of France
People, The Father of the: see Chris-
tian III, King of Denmark
People, The Man of the: see Fox,
Charles James
Peoples, Battle of the: see Leipsig:
battle of (1813)
People's Charter, The, a bill to im-
prove the condition of the English
workingman (1839), n, 599
GENERAL INDEX
541
Peoples' Friend, The: see Marat, Jean
Paul
Peoples' Party, political party of the
United States: convention at
Omaha, 24, 991; see also Populist
Party
People's William, The: see Gladstone,
William Ewart
Peoria, Illinois: branch of the
Whiskey Ring, 24, 894
Pepe, General (early 19th century),
Italian insurgent: head of Italian
revolution (1820), 4, 352
Pepin: see Pipin or Pippin
Pepperell, Sir William (1696-1759),
American colonial soldier: com-
mands Louisburg expedition, 23,
164
Pequigny, John de (14th century),
French soldier: rescues Charles of
Navarre, 9, 101
Pequot Indians, North American
tribe: belong to Algonquian stock,
23, 8; war in Connecticut, 93
Peralta, Don Pedro de (15th cen-
tury), Spanish partisan: assassi-
nates the bishop of Pamplona, 8,
214
Peralta, Gaston de, Marquis de Fakes
(16th century), Spanish statesman,
viceroy of Mexico 1566-1568: ad-
ministration of, 22, 124
Perambakam, India: battle of, 5, 193
Perceval, Spencer (1762-1812), Eng-
lish statesman: made Prime Minis-
ter, II, 564
Percy, Lord (18th century), English
soldier: at battle of Lexington, 23,
227
Percy, Sir Henry, 1st Earl of Nor-
thumberland (d. 1408), English sol-
dier: aids in the dethronement of
Richard II, n, 185; defeats Scots
at Homildon Hill, 193; revolts
against Henry IV, 193; death of, 194
Percy, Sir Henry (Harry Hotspur)
(1364-1403), son of the first Earl
of Northumberland, English sol-
dier: taken prisoner by the Scots,
12, 287; at battle of Homildon Hill,
**> 193; revolts against Henry IV,
193
Percy, Thomas, Earl of Worcester
(d. 1403), English soldier: aids in
dethronement of Richard II, 11,
185; defeats Scots at Homildon
Hill (1402), 193; revolts against
Henry IV, 193
Perczel (19th century), Austrian offi-
cer: his campaign in Servia, 17, 371
Perdiccas (d. ca. 413 B. C), King of
Macedon: mentioned, 2, 269
Perdido River, North America: as
French boundary, 23, 400
Pereira (19th century), South Amer-
ican statesman, President of Uru-
guay, 1856-1860: administration of,
21, 141
Pereira, Pere (17th century), Jesuit
missionary in China: signs treaty
with Russia, 6, 67, 77
Perekop, southern Russia: taken by
Russia (1736), 14, 304, 15, 122;
siege of (1770), 14, 33Q
Pereny, Peter, Bishop of Great Vara-
din, Hungarian ecclesiastic: at the
battle of Mohacs, 17, 169
Perevolochna, Russia: surrender at
(1709), is, 54
Perez, General (19th century), Boliv-
ian soldier, president of Bolivia,
1861: rebellion of, 21, 189
Perez, General (19th century), Mexi-
can officer: made second in com-
mand of army, 22, 369
Perez, Antonio (1539-1611), Spanish
statesman: persecution of, 8, 373
Perez, Jose Joaquin (1800-1889),
Chilian statesman, President of
Chili, 1861-1871: administration of,
21, 219
Perez, Juan de Marchena (15th cen-
tury), Spanish monk: aids Colum-
bus, 21, 4, 23, 29
Perez, Luis (ca. 1900), Cuban states-
man: chosen governor of Pinar del
Rio, 22, 468
Perez, Santiago (1830 ), Colom-
bian statesman, president of Colom-
bia, 1874-1876; his administration,
21, 91
Perez de Castro, Fernando (14th cen-
tury), Spanish nobleman: leader in
rebellion against Pedro the Cruel,
8, 163
Pergamus, Asia Minor: captured by
542
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Mithradates, 3, 216; see also Berg-
hama
Periander (d. 585 B. C), Tyrant of
Corinth, 625-585 B. C.: conquers
Corcyra, 2, 86; Tyrant of Corinth,
93; ally of King of Lydia, 95
Perichole: see Gallegas, Mariquita
Pericles, an Athenian statesman and
orator: born at Athens about 495
B. C.J studied various arts and
sciences; about 470 B. C, began his
public career as leader of the demo-
cratic party, gained popularity by a
law that the people should enjoy
theatrical amusements at the public
expense; in 461 B. C. he used his
influence to procure the ostracism
of Cimon, the leader of the aristo-
cratic party; displayed courage at
battle of Tanagra in 457 and pro-
posed the decree that Cimon should
be recalled from exile; in 444 B. C.
directed the government with un-
disputed supremacy; commanded in
the Samain war; expended tae pub-
lic money in the erection of tem-
ples and monuments; under his ad-
ministration Athens became an im-
perial state, the Peloponnesian
war took place and during the sec-
ond year of the war a great plague
raged at Athens; the people became
so demoralized that they deprived
Pericles of command and punished
him with a fine; he had recovered
his influence a short time when he
died in the autumn of 429 B. C.
Sketch of, 2, 238; conquers Eu-
boea, 249; bribes the Spartans, 249;
reforms of, 251; power of, 251; his
buildings, 254 his system of cleru-
chies, 258; conquers Samos, 260;
advocates alliance with Corcyra,
267; unpopularity of (432 B. C),
272; his policy in Peloponnesian
War, 279; ravages Megaris, 280;
prosecuted by Cleon, 283; death of,
285
Pericles the Younger (d. 406 B. C.)
Athenian commander: enfranchised,
2, 285; made strategus, 370; ex-
ecuted, 374
Perier, Casimir (1 777-1 832), French
statesman: his relation to the revo-
lution of 1830, 9, 391; ministry of,
398; death of, 401
Perinthus, northern Europe: cap-
tured by the Athenians, 2, 367; be-
sieged by Philip, 473
Perioeci, communities of the non-
Spartan dwellers in the Peloponne-
sus: account of origin, 2, 70
Permanent Settlement, The, a system
of farming the land revenue of Ben-
gal (1789): account of, 5, 195
Pernambuco, a state of Brazil, South
America: taken by the Dutch
(1630), 21, 33; revolution of (1817),
164; resists the creation of the em-
pire of Brazil, 167; rebellion of
(1848), 170; Jesuits expelled from,
178
Peronne, Treaty of, a peace signed
by Louis XI, limiting the sover-
eignty of France in the states of
Burgundy (1468), 9, 123
Perote, Mexico: taken by the Amer-
icans (1847), 22, 327
Perovskaya, Sophia (d. 1881), Russian
female conspirator: execution of,
J 5, 339
Perpenna, Marcus Vento (1st cen-
tury B. C.)> Roman commander:
joins Sertorius in Spain, 8, 21; con-
spires against Sertorius, 21
Perpetual Company of the Indies,
The, an association formed to pro-
mote trade between France and the
East Indies (1719), 5, 170
Perpetual Edict, The, a treaty be-
tween Spain and the Netherlands
(1577). 13, 126
Perpetual League, an alliance of
Swiss towns (1291), 13, 362
Perpetual ^eace, The, a truce between
Austria and the Confederates of
Switzerland (1474), 13, 406
Perpignan, southern France: sieges
of (1473). 8, 267; (1642), 194
Perrers, Alice (14th century), Eng-
lish courtesan: mistress of Edward
III, 11, 171; driven from court, 172;
returns to court, 172; robs Edward
III of his rings, 172
GENERAL INDEX
543
Perrier (19th century), Swiss ultra-
montane leader: leads riot, 13, 563
Perrott, John, English soldier, lord
deputy of Ireland, 1584-1588: men-
tioned, 12, 94
Perry, John (ca. 1670-1733), an Eng-
lish engineer: quoted on Peter the
Great, 15, 26, 33
Perry, Matthew Calbraith, an Amer-
ican naval officer, called Japanese
Perry: born at Newport, R. I., April
10, 1794; was a brother of Commo-
dore Perry; served in the Mexican
war of 1847, and in 1852 com-
manded the expedition to Japan,
which opened the way to inter-
course between the United States
and Japan; died in New York,
March 4, 1858
In the Mexican War, 22, 309;
visits Japan, 7, 155; concludes
treaty with Japan, 157
Perry, Oliver Hazard, an American
naval officer: born at Newport,
Rhode Island, August 23, 1785; en-
tered the navy as midshipman April
7> l 799\ cruised with his father in
the West Indies, 1799-1800; in war
against Tripoli, 1804-1805; became
lieutenant, January 15, 1807; on
September 13, 1813, as commander
of a squadron on Lake Erie he de-
feated the British under Commo-
dore Barclay; for this victory was
made captain and received from
Congress a gold medal; cooperated
with General Harrison at Detroit
and at the battle of the Thames,
October 5, 1813; having been ap-
pointed commander of a squadron
bound for the coast of Colombia he
died of yellow fever at Port Spain,
on the island of Trinidad, August
23, 1819; his remains were removed
to Newport in a ship of war by
order of Congress, and buried in
that city on December 4, 1826
Victory on Lake Erie, 23, 423;
among naval heroes of War of 1812,
433
Perryville, Kentucky: battle of (1862),
24- 773
Persecutions, Political:
B. C.
ca. 500. Of the Pythagoreans in
Italy, 2, 216
487. Massacre of Athenians by
Aeginetans, 2, 173
404. Thirty Tyrants at Athens, 2,
384
121. Of the Gracchan party at
Rome, 3, 184
88. Massacre of Italians by Mith-
radates, 3, 216
87. Of the opponents of Marius, 3,
223
80. Of the opponents of Sulla, 3,
231
43. Under the second triumvirate
at Rome, 4, 15
A. D.
65. Of the philosophers by Nero,
4, 66
70. By Vespasian, 82
750. Factions of the Mohamme-
dans, 1, 341
1 195. By Henry VI in Italy, 18,
!S7.
1560. Of the Amboise adherents in
France, 9, 151
1576. The Spanish Fury, 13, 122
1632. In Turkey, 14, 218
1682. By the Russian strelitz, 15,
27
1792-1793. Reign of Terror in
France, 9, 276, 287, 10, 265
1827. In Portugal under Dom
Miguel, 8, 535
1880. Socialists in Germany, 18,
446
Persecutions, Religious:
A. D.
64. Of the Christians by Nero, 4,
65
95. Of Christians by Domitian, 4,
84
114. Of Christians under Trajan, 4,
9i
165. Of Christians by Marcus Au-
relius, 2, 525, 4, 97
168. Of the Jews, I, 405
200. Of Christians in Gaul, 9, 12
295. Of Christians by Diocletian,
2, 527, 4, 116, 8, 31
544
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Persecutions, Religious, cont.
385. Of Priscillianists, 8, 31
408. Of Jews and heretics, 4, 141
531. Of the Christians by the Per-
sians, 5, 318
590. Of the Catholics by the
Arians, 4, 168
620. Of the Jews, 1, 416
630. By the Mohammedans, 1, 231
ca. 900 A. D. Of Zoroastrians by
Arabs, 5, 3^5
1096. Jews in France, 1, 419
1 189. Jews in England, 1, 419
1208. Crusade against the Albigen-
ses, 9, 78
1213. Of Albigensian heresy, 9, 78
1230. Against heresy in Germany,
18, 162
1244. Jews in France, 1, 419
1264. Jews in England, 1, 420
1282. Christians in Persia, 5, 335
1290. Jews in England, 1, 420
1306. Jews in France, 1, 419
1312. The Templars in France and
England, 9, 88
1320-1321. Jews and lepers in
France, 1, 419, 9, 90
1360. Heretics in Germany, 18, 202
1391. Of the Jews, 1, 418
1405. Christians by the Turks, 14,
51
1419. Of the heterodox by the Cath-
olics, 17, 129
1420. Of Catholics and Adamites,
18, 208
1480. Jews under the Inquisition,
1, 418
ca. 1500. Jews and Mohammed-
ans in Spain, 8, 185, 350, 426
1513. Shiites by the Sunnites, 14,
122
1521. Jews in Spain, 8, 336
1532. Followers of Zwingli, 11, 251
!53S- Friars and Carthusians by
Henry VIII, 11, 255
1535- Protestants by Francis I, 9,
142
1540. Protestants by Charles V, 8,
356
1540. Inquisition in Portugal, 8,
439
1546. Protestants in France, 9, 144
1550. Jews in Italy, 1, 419
1555- Protestants in the Nether-
lands, 13, 59
1556. Protestants by Mary of Eng-
land, 11, 271
1556. Protestants by Philip II of
Spain, 8, 357
1560. Protestants in France, 9, 150
1566. Protestants in the Nether-
lands, 13, 77, 83
1567. Netherlands under Alva, 13,
10S
1568. Christians by the Moors, 8,
367
1572. Massacre of the Protestants
in Paris, 9, 158
1577. Dutch Protestants, 8, 359
1590. Protestants in Switzerland,
13, 458
1602. Of the Bohemian Brothers,
17, 198
1614. Jews in Germany, 1, 423
1637. Christians in Japan, 7, 137
1641. Protestants in Ireland, 13,
ii5
1650. Jews in Poland, 1, 421
1655. The Vaudois by the Duke of
Savoy, II, 370
1660. Quakers and witches, 23, 90
1665. Protestants in Hungary, 17,
229
1666. The Scotch Presbyterians, 12,
347
1675. Hindus in northern India, 5,
124
1680. Protestants in Austria, 18,
303
1700. Catholics in America, 23, 148
1700. Disqualifications of Catholics
under the Penal Code, 12, 160
1757. Hindus by the Turks, 5, 127
l 772>- Suppression of the Jesuits,
13, 495
1790. Catholics in Scotland, 12,370
1819. Jews in Germany, 1, 423
1821. Christians in Constantinople,
2, 543
1840. Christians in China, 6, 247
1852. Babis by the Mohammedans,
5, 363
i860. Christians by Mohammedans
in Asiatic Turkey, 14, 465
1870. Christians in China, 5, 221, 6,
224
GENERAL INDEX
545
1876. Christians by the Moham-
medan Turks in Bulgaria, 14, 476,
15, 335
1891. Christians in China, 6, 261
1895. Christians by Turks in Ar-
menia, 14, 500
1895. Christians in China, 6, 263
1897. Christians in Candia, 14, 503
1900. Boxer outrages in China, 6,
282, 299, 304
Persephone, a Greek goddess: in
Greek mythology, 2, 39
Persepolis, an ancient capital of Per-
sia: burned by Alexander the Great,
1, 169, 2, 498
Perseus (2nd century B. C), King of
Macedonia: succeeds Philip V, 2,
519; war with Rome, 3, 148; forms
alliance with the Illyrians, 17, 11;
death, 3, 150
Persia, a country of western Asia:
empire founded, 2, 120; ethnology
and history, 1, 157; religion and cul-
ture, 170; Shiite tenets in, 14, 122;
rise under Cyrus and Darius, 2,
122; organized by Darius, 129; con-
quered by Alexander, 498; the Sas-
sanian dynasty, 5, 313; wars of
Justinian with, 2, 532; foreign rule,
5. 325; conquered by Saracens, 2,
533; the new Persian Empire, 5,
340; hostility to Turkey, 14, 211;
Turkish wars with, 2, 537, 14, 4,
123, 164, 204, 209, 221, 316; peace
with Turkey, 14, 212, 223; modern
Persia, 5, 351; the government of
to-day, 371
Persigny, Jean Gilbert Victor Fialin,
Duke of (1808-1872), a French poli-
tician: assists schemes of Napoleon
III, 9, 442; attempts to carry the
elections (1863), 453
Persil, Jean Charles (1785-1870), a
French politician and advocate: be-
comes minister of justice, 9, 405
Personal Liberty Laws, a name given
to legislation in the northern Uni-
ted States directed against the Fugi-
tive Slave Law (i860): passed, 24,
602; repeal agitated, 700
Persson, Goran (d. 1561), adviser of
Erik XIV of Sweden: death of, 16,
163
Perth, western Australia: founded, 20,
187
Pertinax, Publius Helvius (126-193 A.
D.), Emperor of Rome, 192-193:
reign of, 4, 99
Peru, a republic of South America:
discovered, 20, 44; early inhabit-
ants of, 21, 17; conquered by Pizar-
ro, 20; work of the Jesuits in, 20,
97; Drake lays waste the coast of,
21, 30; revolt of (1780), 20, 133;
used as a base of resistance by the
Spanish, 21, 57; wins her independ-
ence from Spain, 8, 519; overthrows
Bolivar's government, 21, 82; in-
vaded by Santa Cruz, 186; from
1825 to 1876, 192; financial condi-
tion of (1878), 234; at war with
Chili, 234; from 1876 to 1906, 242
Peru-Colombia Boundary Dispute:
settled (1895), 21, 265
Peruvian Route to the Plain of the
Amazon, a New: description of, 21,
305
Pescaire (Pescara), Ferdinand Fran-
cesco d' Avalos, Marquis of (1490-
1 S 2 S)> an Italian general in the
service of the Emperor, Charles V:
his campaign in Provence, 9, 139
Peschiera, Italy: siege of, 4, 358
Peshawar (Peshawur), British India:
battle of, 5, 92
Pestal, Hayti, West Indies: battle of
(1843), 22, 498
Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich, Swiss
teacher and educational reformer:
born at Zurich, Switzerland, Janu-
ary 12, 1746; received a liberal edu-
cation and became a cultivator of
the soil, but in this occupation was
not successful; in 1798 he opened a
school for orphans at Stanz; driven
from Stanz by the Austrians in
1799, he removed to Burgdorf,
where his school prospered; in 1804
he removed to Yoerdun; he was
distinguished for energy, philan-
thropy, and originality, but was de-
ficient in practical ability to man-
age a large institution; died at
Brugg, February 17, 1827
Sketch of, 13, 496, 522; success
of, 515
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Pestel, Paul (1794-1826), a Russian
revolutionist: in the plot of the
Dekabrists, 15, 273
Pesth, Hungary: taken by the Mon-
gols, 17, 58; popular uprising in
(1848), 368; internal improvements
in, 414; see also Buda
Pet, Arthur (late 16th century), Eng-
lish explorer: explorations of, 16,
301
Petcheneks (Petcheneguens or Pet-
chenegs), The, a nomadic Turkish
people: border warfare of, 15, 6;
invade Hungary, 17, 51
Peter the German, King of Hungary,
1038-1041: reign of, 17, 50
Peter (I) Alexeievitch, surnamed The
Great, Emperor of Russia, 1682-
1725: born at Moscow, June 9,
1672; reigned conjointly with his
brother Ivan, 1682-1696; was under
the regency of his sister Sophia,
1682-1689; captured Azoff from the
Turks, 1696; traveled in Germany,
the Netherlands, England, and Aus-
tria, 1696-1697; suppressed a rebel-
lion of the strelitz, 1698; took part
with Poland and Denmark in a war
against Sweden, 1700-1721; con-
cluded the Treaty of Pruth with the
Turks, 171 1 ; by the Peace of My-
stadt, concluded with Sweden, 1721,
obtained Livonia, Esthonia, Inger-
manland, and part of Karelia;
founded St. Petersburg, 1703;
waged a successful war agaznst
Persia, 1722-1723; died at St.
Petersburg, February 8, 1725
Account of, 14, 265; Sophia guard-
ian for, 15, 24; made tsar under
Sophia's regency, 27; marriage of,
29; plot against, 30; his relations
with Turkey, 14, 273; on his first
journey, 15, 33; subdues the strel-
itz, 37; in the Great Northern War,
15, 38, 16, 214, 219, 18, 317; his re-
lations with Augustus III of Po-
land, 307; receives the title of great
emperor, 15, 68; on his second jour-
ney, 68; forms alliance with Philip
II of Spain, 8, 406; sends a fleet and
army against Persia, 5, 349, 15, 77;
sends out Bering, 16, 305; reforms
of, 15, 70, 82; establishes effit
cient standing army, 14, 378;
growth of Russia under, 10, 133;
death of, 15, 82
Peter (II) Alexeievitch (1715-1730),
Emperor of Russia, 1727-1730: reign
of, 15, 95
Peter (III) Feodorovitch (1728-1762),
Emperor of Russia, 1762: sketch of,
I5 139; accession of, 9, 247; reign
of, 15, 152; withdraws from the
Austrian alliance, 17, 244; his rela-
tions with Frederick the Great, 18,
334. 343J his relations with Den-
mark, 16, 240; abdication of, 15,
157; assassination of, 158; reinter-
ment of, 201
Peter I (nth century), Count of
Savoy: reign of, 4, 272
Peter II (d. 1268), Count of Savoy,
1263-1268: reign of, 4, 274; defends
Switzerland, 13, 360
Peter (early 14th century), Arch-
bishop of Mayence: intrigue of, 18,
185
Peter, Long (early 16th century), a
Dutch pirate: sketch of, 13, 52
Peter de Vinea (13th century), an
Austrian chancellor: writes a pam-
phlet against Frederick the Fighter,
17, 94
Peter des Roches: see Roches, Peter
des
Peter I Island, a small island in the
Antarctic regions: discovered, 16,
333
Peter of Amiens: see Peter the Her-
mit
Peter of Mladenovic (15th century),
a follower of John Huss: tells of
John Huss's death, 17, 125
Peter the Hermit (ca. 1050-1115), one
of the leading preachers of the first
Crusade: leads the Crusaders, 9,70,
11, 87, 18, 138
Peter: see also Pedro
Peterborough, Earl of: see Mordaunt,
Charles
Peters, Hugh (1598-1660), an Anglo-
American Puritan clergyman: early
American writer, 23, 142
Peters, Karl (1856 ), an African
explorer and administrator: leader
GENERAL INDEX
547
in the Society for German Coloni-
zation, 19, 129; sketch of, 129; his
expedition to Africa, 130; his expe-
dition for the relief of Emir Pasha,
186
Petersburg, Virginia: siege of (1864-
1865), 24, 791
Peterwardein (Peterwaradin), Hun-
gary: taken by the Turks (1526),
17, 169; taken from the Turks
(1688), 14, 255; threatened by the
Turks, 263, 287; battle of (1716),
17, 235, 18, 319
Petion, Alexander Sabes (1770-1818),
a Haytian general and politician:
aids South American revolutionists,
21, 65; becomes ruler of Hayti, 22,
495
Petion de Villeneuve, Jerome (1753-
1794), a French revolutionist:
elected member of the States-Gen-
eral, 10, 39; denounces the ban-
quets of the guards, 94; escorts
Louis XVI back to Paris, 138; ad-
dresses the populace, 9, 274; sus-
pended, 10, 184; attacked by Robes-
pierre and Marat, 9, 284, 10, 254;
death of, 9, 280
Petition, Right of, in America: dis-
cussed in Congress, 24, 571
Petition of Right, an act of the Eng-
lish Parliament: passed (1628), ix,
324; effect on New World, 23, 88
Petofi, Sandor (Alexander) (1822-
1849), Hungarian poet: writes on
patriotism, 17, 353; takes part in
the Hungarian Revolution of 1848,
368; death of, 15, 301, 17, 371
Petrarch, Francesco, an Italian poet:
born at Arezzo, in Tuscany, July 20,
1304; his parents were in exile at
time of his birth, but removed to
Avignon in 1313; he studied law at
Montpelier, 1318-1322, then at Bo-
logna, 1323; was in love with
Laura de Sade, wife of Hugh de
Sade and his love for her deeply
affected his whole spiritual life;
about 1335 he visited Rome, also
traveled in France, Germany, and
Spain; founded the library of Saint
Mark at Venice; in 1336 he retired
to Vaucluse where he passed sev-
eral years in solitude; in 1340 he
accepted an invitation from the
Roman senate to come to Rome and
receive the laurel crown of poetry;
was crowned at the capitol in 1341;
exerted his eloquence to induce suc-
cessive Popes to transfer the papal
court from Avignon to Rome; he
became archdeacon of Parma and
canon of several cathedrals; be-
tween 1350 and 1360 he resided at
the court of Visconti retired to
Arqua. for the restoration of his
health, 1370; was found dead in his
library at Arqua, July 19, 1374
Sketch of, 4, 281; relations of
with Charles IV of Germany, 18,
193
Petreius, Marcus (d. 46 B. C), a
Roman general: campaigns of, in
Spain, 8, 22; defeated by Caesar, 3,
340
Petri, Laurentius (Lars Peterson)
(1499-1573), Swedish religious re-
former: Gustavus Vasa supports,
16, 155; death of, 165
Petri, Olaus (1497-1552), Swedish re-
former, brother of the above: Gus-
tavus Vasa supports, 16, 155
Petronilla (12th century), Queen of
Aragon: marries Raymundo V of
Barcelona, 8, 228; reign of, 235
Petronius Maximus, Emperor of
Rome, 455 A. D. : accession of, 18,
43; reign of, 4, 149
Petropavlovski, Kamchatka, Asia: at-
tack on, 15, 310
Pettigrew, James Johnston (1828-
1863), American soldier in Confed-
erate service: at Gettysburg, 24,
782
Petty, William, Marquis of Lans-
downe (Earl of Shelburne) (1737-
1805), English statesman: opens
negotiations for peace with colo-
nies, 23, 286; becomes premier of
England, 286
Peymann, General (early 19th cen-
tury), Danish officer: defends
Copenhagen, 16, 256
Peyronnet, Charles Ignace, Count of
(1778-1854), French politician;
made keeper of the seals, 9, 378
548
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Pezet, Juan Antonio, Peruvian
statesman: becomes president of
Peru, 31, 201
Pfaffikon, Switzerland: siege of
(1798), 13, 514
Pfeil, Count Joachim (late 19th cen-
tury), German statesman: desires
increase of German influence in
Africa, 19, 128; leader in the So-
ciety for German colonization, 129;
his expedition to Africa, 130
Pfenninger, Matthias (1739-1810), a
Swiss designer and engraver: ban-
ished, 13, 505
Pfiihl, General (early 19th century),
Prussian military officer: his cam-
paign against France, 15, 221
Pfyffer, General (early 19th century),
Swiss geographer: makes maps of
Switzerland, 13, 521
Pfyffer, Eduard (early 19th century),
Swiss revolutionist: overthrows the
government in Lucerne, 13, 531;
pleads for better representation,
539; imprisoned, 550
Pfyffer, Kasimir (early 19th century),
Swiss revolutionist: overthrows the
government in Lucerne, 13, 531
Pfyffer, Ludwig (16th century), Swiss
Catholic leader: introduces the
Jesuits into Switzerland, 13, 457;
plans the Golden (Borromean)
League, 458; aids France against
the Huguenots, 460
Phalanx, The Macedonian, a military
formation invented by Philip of
Macedonia: description of, 3, 458
Phalaris (ca. 549 B. C), Tyrant of
Agrigentum: oligarch, 2, 94
Phalerum, Athenian harbor: super-
seded by the Peiraeus, 2, 161
Pharisees, The, a Jewish religious
sect: rise of, 1, 407
Pharnabazus (d. ca. 370 B. C), Per-
sian satrap of Bithynia: asks aid at
Sparta, 2, 351; assists Mindarus,
363; equips the fleet, 366; defeated
by Dercyllidas, 391; pursued by
Agesilaus, 394; at battle of Cnidus,
401
Pharnaces II, King of the Bosporus,
63-47 B. C. : takes possession of
Phanagoris and Little Armenia, 3,
349; war with the Romans, 354
Pharsalus, Greece: battle of (48 B.
C), 3, 348
Phayllus (4th century B. C), Phocian
general: defeated by Philip, 2, 461;
death of, 463
Phayre, Sir Arthur Purves (1812-
1885), English soldier and states-
man: installed as chief commis-
sioner of British Burma, 5, 243
Pheidias (500-432 B. C.) Greek
sculptor: decorates the Parthenon,
3, 255, 256; accused of impiety, 272
Pheidon (8th century B. C), Greek
ruler: King of Argos, 2, 59, 74, 95
Pheles, King of Tyre, 9th century B.
C. : reign of, 1, 123
Phidias: see Pheidias
Phidon: see Pheidon
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, called the
City of Brotherly Love: laid out by
Penn, 23, 111; second legislature
meets at (1683), 11 1; population at
outbreak of the Revolution, 127; in-
fluence of the bar, 138; stage-line
to New York established, 151;
mails with New York established,
153; tea returned to England,
219; first Continental Congress
meets at (1774), 20, 127, 33, 223;
second Continental Congress meets
at (1775), 23, 229; occupied by the
British (i777), ". 5*7, 23, 259;
British evacuate, 23, 262; Washing-
ton's march through, 284; Bank of
North America established, 293;
mutinous soldiers annoy Congress
(!783), 307; Constitutional Conven-
tion meets at (1787), 323; Washing-
ton's triumphal entry, 341; made the
national capital, 350; Bank of the
United States established at, 352,
439; national mint established at,
3545 population in the time of Jack-
son, 479; condemns Jackson's veto
of the bill for renewing the charter
of the United States Bank, 502;
Whig convention at (1848), 24, 556;
American Anti-Slavery Society or-
ganized, 574; abolition riot (1838),
575; mails searched for abolition
GENERAL INDEX
549
pamphlets, 576; anti-slavery mass
meeting, 636; Know-Nothing con-
vention (1856), 652; Lincoln makes
speech at, 706; objective point in
Lee's plan, 764; Lincoln's body-
taken to Independence Hall, 827;
Democratic convention (1866), 845;
national Republican convention
(1872), 892; the Centennial Exposi-
tion (1876), 903
Philae, Egypt: location of, 1, 8
Philibert II (1480-1504), Duke of Sa-
voy, 1497-1504: reign of, 4, 305
Philibert Emmanuel: see Emmanuel
Philibert
Philip I (ca. 1053-1108), King of
France, 1060-1108: reign of, 9, 68
Philip (II) Augustus (1 165-1223),
King of France, 1 180-1223, called
The Magnanimous: crowned, 9, 74;
reign of, 75; persecutes the Jews, 1,
419; in the Third Crusade, 11, no;
18, 155; his dispute with Knud, 16,
84; defeats John of England and
Otto IV of Germany, 18, 160; aids
sons of Henry II of England, 11,
no; supports claims of Arthur to
English throne, 121; prepares to in-
vade England, 124; wins battle of
Bouvines, 11, 126, 13, 29
Philip (III) the Bold (1245-1285),
King of France, 1270-1285, called
The False Coiner: reign of, 9, 84;
at war with Aragon, 4, 258; de-
clares war on Alfonso X of Leon,
8, 154; grants protection to Jeanne
of Navarre, 207
Philip (IV) the Fair (1268-1314),
King of France, 1285-1314: reign of,
9, 86; corresponds with Arghun, 5,
335; his crusade against Pedro III
of Aragon, 8, 246; his alliance with
Albert I of Germany, 18, 183; makes
treaty with Scotland, n, 148; forms
alliance with John Balliol, 12, 273;
concludes a truce with Eduard I of
England, xi, 150; influences Lewis
of Bavaria, 18, 190
Philip V (ca. 1293-1322), King of
France, 1316-1322: reign of, 9, 90;
aspires to Spanish throne, 23, 160
Philip VI (1293-1350), King of
France, 1328-1350: reign of, 9, 92;
his foreign policy, IX, 157; opposes
Lewis of Bavaria, 18, 189; at battle
of Creqy, 11, 161; death of, 164
Philip II, King of Macedonia, 350-336
B. C: born at Pella, 382 B. C; in
his youth he passed several years at
Thebes as a hostage; succeeded his
brother Perdiccas in 359 and mar-
ried Olympias, a daughter of the
King of Epirus; during the Social
War, which began 358 B. C, extend-
ed his dominions by the capture of
Amphipolis, Potidea, and Pydna
from the Athenians; availed himself
of another civil war, called the
Sacred war, to pursue his projects
against the independence of the
Grecian states, and became the ally
of the Thebans against the Phocians
and Athenians; in 349 B. C, be-
sieged Olynthus with success and
made a treaty of peace with Ath-
ens; the continued aggressions of
Philip again involved him in a war
with the Athenians; the decisive bat-
tle of Chaeroneia when Philip, com-
manding in person, defeated the al-
lies, 338 B. C, rendered him master
of Greece; called a congress of
deputies, from the Greek States,
who resolved to unite in an aggres-
sive war against Persia and ap-
pointed Philip commander-in-chief;
he was assassinated in 336 B. C. at
the celebration of a marriage be-
tween his daughter Cleopatra and
the King of Epirus by Pausanias, a
soldier of his own body guard
Taken to Thebes, 2, 444; sketch
of, 457; becomes king, 458; founds
Philippi, 459; takes Amphipolis and
Pydna, 459; invades Thessaly, 461;
checked at Thermopylae, 462; takes
Olynthus, 466; makes peace with
Athens, 467; subdues Phocis, 468;
subdues Epirus, 470; his influence in
Peloponnesus, 470; besieges Perin-
thus and Byzantium, 473; retires in-
to Thrace, 474; invades central
Greece, 476; subdues Thebes and
Athens, 478; wins battle of Chaero-
neia, 478; calls congress at Corinth,
479; his plans, 480; assassinated, 481
550
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Philip V (229-179 B. C), King of
Macedon, 220-179 B. C. : account of,
2, 517; forms alliance with Carthage,
3, 122; war with Rome, 125; char-
acter, 139; campaign against Egypt,
139; at battle of Cynoscephalae, 141;
death, 147
Philip I, II, and III, Kings of Portu-
gal: see Philip II, III, and IV,
Kings of Spain
Philip (I) the Handsome or the Fair
(1478-1506), King of Castile, 1504-
1506: sketch of, 17, 176; France
claims guardianship of, 18, 218; con-
cludes alliance with Henry VII of
England, 11, 228; marries Joanna
of Castile, 18, 227; his rule in the
Netherlands, 13, 51; reign of, 8,
189; death of, 13, 52
Philip II, King of Spain, 1556-1598,
called the Demon of the South: was
the son of the Emperor Charles V
and Isabella of Portugal and was
born at Valladolid, May 21, 1527;
by education and character, as well
as by birth, he was Spanish; was
invested with the Duchy of Milan,
1540; married Maria of Portugal,
1543; succeeded to the kingdoms of
Naples and Sicily, 1554; married
Mary Tudor of England, 1554; suc-
ceeded to the lordship of the Nether-
lands, 1555; became King of Spain
on the abdication of his father, 1556;
concluded the Peace of Cateau-
Cambresis with France, 1559; lost
the Netherlands after a revolt by
the Union of Utrecht, 1579; annexed
Portugal, 1580; joined the Holy Al-
liance against the Huguenots of
France, 1585; sent an unsuccessful
expedition, known as the Invincible
Armada, against England, 1588;
died at the Escorial, Spain, Septem-
ber 13, 1598
Birth of, 8, 350; marries Mary of
England, 8, 351, 11, 271; accession
of, 4, 307, 8, 352, 9, 147, 18, 259, 22,
118; reign of, 8, 354; aids Venice
against Turks, 4, 309; proposes mar-
riage to Elizabeth of England, 11,
277; marries Elizabeth of France,
9, 149; his relations with Maxi-
milian II of Germany, 18, 262; ap-
proves action of Menendez, 23, 47;
his rule in the Netherlands, 8, 351,
I3> 67; establishes the inquisition in
Mexico, 22, 129; aids Sebastian of
Portugal against Moors of Africa,
8, 442; concludes an alliance with
the Swiss Catholics, 13, 458; claims
throne of England, 11, 295; fits out
the Invincible Armada, 23, 54;
claims throne of Portugal, 8, 448;
unites crowns of Spain and Portu-
gal, 5, 152, 8, 366, 451; signs Peace
of Vervins, 9, 171; death of, 13,
165, 22, 142; summary of condition
of Spain under, 8, 424
Philip III (1578-1621), King of Spain,
(1598-1621), accession of, 22, 142;
reign of, 8, 374; his negotiations
with James I of England, 11, 311;
his reign in Portugal, 8, 455; sum-
mary of condition of Spain under,
426
Philip IV (1605-1665), King of Spain,
1621-1665: accession of, 13, 203, 22,
144, 153; reign of, 8, 376; reign of,
in Portugal, 455; concludes treaty
with France, 9, 207; death of, 9, 209,
I 3. 235; summary of condition of
Spain under, 8, 427
Philip V (1683-1746), King of Spain,
1700-1746: accession of, 9, 220, 13,
246, 18, 311; reign of, 4, 327, 8, 386;
concludes treaty with England, 22,
187; aids Jesuits in California,
186; aids the Jesuits of Paraguay,
21, 48; plans abdication, 22, 191;
claims Hungary and Bohemia, 9,
236; summary of condition of Spain
under, 8, 428
Philip (d. 34 A. D.), Tetrarch of Ba-
tansea, Trachonitis, and Auranitis,
4 B. C.-34 A. D.: reign of, 1, 409
Philip the Bold (1342-1404), Duke of
Burgundy, 1361-1404: given Bur-
gundy, 9, 102; at war with Flanders,
9, 106, 13, 34; receives Flanders, 9,
108; made regent of France, 109
Philip the Good (1396-1467), Duke
of Burgundy, 1419-1467: career of,
13, 39; offers the crown of France
to Henry V of England, 9, 113, H,
200; enters into a league with
GENERAL INDEX
551
Charles VII of France, n, 205; be-
comes a European potentate, 205;
aids Louis XI of France, 9, 119;
death of, 13, 43
Philip (early 14th century), Count of
Evreux and King of Navarre: his
claims to the French crown, 9, 92;
at war with John of France, 98
Philip (1504-1567), Landgrave of
Hesse, 1500-1567: befriends Luther,
18, 241; arranges for the conference
at Marburg, 13, 443, 18, 247; fate
of, 18, 256, 258
Philip, Duke of Milan, 1540: given
duchy, 4, 307
Philip (14th century), Marquis of
Montferrat: reign of, 4, 275
Philip I, Count of Savoy, 1268-1285:
reign of, 4, 274
Philip (ca. 1 178-1208), Duke of Sua-
bia: his struggle for the throne, 18,
158; seeks an alliance with Den-
mark, 16, 85
Philip (13th century), Patriarch of
Aquileia: opposes annexation of
Carinthia and Carniola to Bohemia,
17, 74
Philip, King (d. 1676), American In-
dian: leads war, 23, 97; death, 98
Philip of Anjou: see Philip V, King of
France
Philip of Burgundy (early 16th cen-
tury), Bishop of Utrecht: in the
Reformation, 13, 54
Philip of Cleves (late 15th century),
a Flemish military leader: his cam-
paign against Albert of Saxe Meis-
sen, 13, 50
Philip, Arthur, an English governor in
Australia, 1788: his work in Aus-
tralia, 20, 132; commands founding
of penal colony in Australia, 182
Philip Augustus: see Philip II, King
of France
Philip William (d. 1618), Prince of
Orange (Count of Beuren): as a
student at Louvain, 13, 103; sent
as a prisoner to Madrid, 107; ac-
companies Archduke Albert to the
Netherlands, 162
Philiphaugh, place near Selkirk, Scot-
land: battle of (1645), 11, 354, 12,
340
Philippa (1312-1369), Queen of Eng-
land: intercedes for burgesses of
Calais, 11, 162
Philippa (14th century), Queen of
Portugal: marries Joam I, 8, 299
Philippa (15th century), Queen of
Denmark, Norway, and Sweden:
sketch of, 16, 127
Philippe: see Philip
Philippeaux, Pierre (1 759-1 794),
French revolutionist: denounces the
manner in which the Vendean war
had been carried on, 10, 286; death
of, 9, 288, 10, 294
Philippi, Macedonia: founded, 2, 459;
battle of (42 B. C), 4, 18
Philippi, West Virginia: battle of
(1861), 24, 732
Philippics of Demosthenes, a series
of orations of Demosthenes against
Philip of Macedon: account of, 2,
466, 472
Philippides, Greek hero: legends of,
2, 166
Philippine Company, Spanish: failure
of, 20, 102
Philippine Islands, Pacific Ocean: dis-
covered, 20, 51, 23, 37; Spanish and
Chinese settle in, 6, 37; slaughter
of the Chinese in, 38; Spanish
control established, 5, 157; Manila
founded, 22, 120; Treaty of Paris,
23, 198; history of, 20, 311; battle
of Manila Bay, 24, 1028; surrender
of city of Manila, 1029; discussed in
the peace conference, 1031; ceded to
the United States, 1032; under
American rule, 20, 355, 24, 1036;
description of, 24, 1036; provisional
government established, 1042; gov-
ernment established, 1043; naviga-
tion laws extended, 1053
Philippines Civil Government Act, a
bill passed by Congress providing
for census, etc., of the Philippines
(1902), 20, 319
Philippopolis, Bulgaria: founded, 2,
473; taken by Murad (1361), 14, 29;
battle of (1878), 14, 486, 15, 336
Philippus (4th century B. C), Alex-
ander's physician: sketch of, 2, 491
Philippus, Lucius Marcius, Roman
consul, 91 B. C: opposes reforms
552
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
of Drusus, 3, 203; aids reforms of
Sulla, 230
Philippus, Marcus Julius, Roman Em-
peror, 244-249 A. D.: reign of, 4,
109
Philippus, Quintus Marcius, Roman
consul, 169 B. C: delays Perseus,
3, 149
Philippus the Theban (4th century B
C), Grecian polemarch: death of,
2, 423
Philippus: see Philip
Philistines (Pelesheth, Zarephathites,
Askalonians), an ancient people of
Semitic origin, dwelling in Philis-
tia: defeated by Egyptians, I, 28;
sketch of, 379
Phillips, Wendell, an American orator
and anti-slavery leader, called The
Silver-Tongued Orator: born at
Boston, Mass., November 29, 1811;
was educated at Harvard Univer-
sity; admitted to the bar, 1834,
joined the Abolitionists, 1836; was
president of the American Anti-
Slavery Society, 1865-1870; advo-
cated woman suffrage and penal
and labor reform; was candidate of
the labor reformers and prohibition-
ists for governor of Massachusetts,
1870; died at Boston, February 2,
1884
Member of American Anti-Slav-
ery Society, 24, 574; aids slaves to
escape, 617; quoted on right of se-
cession, 714; joins liberal movement,
890
Philocrates (4th century B. C), Athe-
nian orator: peace of, 2, 468; ban-
ishment of, 469
Philogenes, Athenian colonist in Asia:
leader of Greek emigrants to Pho-
caea, 2, 55
Philomelus (d. 353 B. C), Phocian
general: seizes Delphi, 2, 460: slain,
461
Philopoemen (b. ca. 252 B. C), Greek
statesman: sketch of, 2, 518
Philosopher of China, The: see Con-
fucius
Philosopher of Ferney, The: see Vol-
taire
Philosopher of San Souci, The: see
Frederick (II) the Great
Philosophers, The Homer of: see
Plato
Philosophy: Egyptian, 1, 46; Chal-
dean, 99; Persian, 176; Mohamme-
dan, 216, 253; in Asia Minor, 2, 115;
Pythagorean, 214; Epicurean, its in-
fluence on Csesar, 4, 31; Stoic, under
Marcus Aurelius, 98; Stoic, teaches
doctrine of universal brotherhood,
103; Galileo, 320; Brahman, 5, 46;
Hindu, 80, 87; Peripatetic school
opposed to Bacon, Newton, and Des-
cartes, 8, 430; Rousseau, Diderot,
10, 13, 15; Voltaire and Montes-
quieu, 10, 13, 15, 197; Scholastic in
England, 11, 192; Mill, 613; Eras-
mus, 13, 63; French physiocrats, 10,
14, 15, 197; Leibnitz, 18, 308, 320
Philosophy, The Father of Roman:
see Cicero, Marcus Tullius
Philotas (d. 330 B. C), Macedonian
soldier: slain by Alexander, 2, 500
Phipps (18th century), English ex-
plorer: exploration of, 16, 306
Phipps, Sir William (1651-1695), Gov-
ernor of Massachusetts, 1692-1694:
commands fleet, 23, 158
Phocaea, Asia Minor: colonizations
of, 2, 82, 85, 125; destroyed by Per-
sians, 125; founds Alalia, 125
Phocion (ca. 402-317 B. C), Athenian
soldier and statesman: campaign of,
in Euboea, 2, 464; opposes Demos-
thenes, 467; relieves Byzantium, 474;
rebukes Demosthenes, 481; obtains
Macedonian clemency for the Greek
cities, 513
Phocis, ancient state of central
Greece: geography of, 2, 12; invaded
by Xerxes, 195; at war with Sparta.
244; allied to Athens, 245; attacked
by Thebes, 397; aids Lysander, 398;
subdued by Thebans, 438; at strife
with Boeotia, 459; in the sacred war,
460; subdued by Philip, 468
Phoebidas (4th century B. C), Spar-
tan general: seizes the Cadmeia, 2,
421; tried, 422; slain, 429
Phoenicians, inhabitants of Phoenicia,
an ancient country of Syria, Asia
GENERAL INDEX
553
Minor: ethnology and history of,
1, 117; religion and mythology, 127;
arts and general culture, 132; in-
fluence of, 20, 8; colonization of,
15; relation of, to Aegean civiliza-
tion, 2, 26; circumnavigate Africa,
19, 5; influence on Greek religion,
3, 28, 40; decline of, 78; league with
the Etruscans, 3, 28; submit to
Cambyses, 2, 127; fleet of, employed
by Persians, 136, 182, 234, 360;
submit to Alexander, 493; visit
Britain, II, 5; settle in Spain, 8, 6,
12
Phoenix Park Murders, Dublin: ac-
count of, 11, 634, 12, 239
Phormio (5th century B. C), a Greek
naval officer: victories of, 2, 289
Photius (Peter Spasski) (early 19th
century), a Russian ecclesiastic:
sketch of, 15, 265
Phraortes (Khsathrita), King of Me-
dia, 656-634 B. C.: leads revolt in
Media, I, 163
Phrygia, an ancient country in Asia
Minor: destroyed by Cimmerians,
2, 116; becomes an independent
kingdom, 3, 213
Phrynichus (5th century B. C), a
Greek politician: conspires with the
Four Hundred, 2, 358; his coup d'
etat, 360; murdered, 360
Phrynichus (5th century B. C), a
Greek tragic poet: fined, 2, 137
Phung-do Island, an island off the
coast of Korea: battle of, 7, 261
Phyllidas (4th century B. C), a
Theban patriot: sketch of, 2, 423
Physical Geography, The Father of:
see Humboldt, Alexander von
Piacenza, a city in Italy: internal
strife, 4, 211
Piali Pasha (ca. 1520-1571), a Turk-
ish admiral: account of, 14, 165, 170,
199
Piankhi (8th century B. C.), an Ethio-
pian king: triumphs of, 1, 30
Pianori (early 19th century), an Ital-
ian citizen: attempts to assassinate
Napoleon III, 9, 448
Piave, a river of Italy: battle of
(1809), 9, 336
Picard, Louis Joseph Ernest (1821-
1877), a French politician: in the
elections of 1869, 9, 458
Piccinino, Nicolas (1375-1444), an
Italian general: leader of the con-
dottieri, 4, 254
Piccolomini, Prince Octavio (1599-
1656), Austrian general: in the
Thirty Years' War, 18, 286; at the
battle of Breitenfeld, 16, 187
Pichegru, Charles (1761-1804), a
French general: his campaign
against the allied forces, 9, 289, 13,
265, 20, T39; made president of the
council of the five hundred, 9, 303,
10, 386; arrest of, 9, 304, 10, 391;
conspiracy of, 9, 321, 10, 455; death
of, 10, 455
Pickens, Andrew (1739-1817), an
American general: leader in the
Revolution, 23, 273
Pickering, John (early 19th century),
an American lawyer: impeached, 23,
391
Pickering, Timothy (1745-1829), an
American statesman and soldier:
proposes secession of Eastern
states, 23, 401
Pickett, George Edward (1825-1875),
an American Confederate general:
leads charge at Gettysburg, 24, 781
Pico, Andres (early 19th century),
Mexican soldier: defeats Kearny,
22, 299
Pico, Jesus (early 19th century), Mex-
ican soldier: captured by the Amer-
icans, 22, 298; breaks his parole,
298
Picts, a Briton tribe: harass Romans,
11, 15; sketch of, 12, 248
Piedmont, Italy: invasion of Napo-
leon (1796), 4, 342; termination of
war with, 10, 380; united to France,
453; revolution of the Carbonari, 4,
354; intervention of Austria in, 23,
446; arms against Austria (1859), 4,
372
Pieng-an: see Ping-yang
Pierce, Franklin (1804-1869), Presi-
dent of the United States, 1853-
1857: sketch of his early life, 24,
623; in Mexican War, 554; nomi-
554.
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
nated for President, 619; election,
622; inauguration, 623; signs Kan-
sas-Nebraska Bill, 637; receives
Kossuth, 640; message of 1854, 649
Pieri (19th century), an Italian con-
spirator: attempts to assassinate
Napoleon III, 9, 449
Pierola, Nicolas de (1839 ), a Pe-
ruvian politician: recognized as
president of Peru, 21, 236; second
administration of, 242
Pierpoint, Francis H. (1814-1899), an
American political leader: elected
governor of Virginia, 24, 732
Pierre: see Peter
Pierrot (early 19th century), a Hayti-
an soldier: made ruler of Hayti, 22,
499
Pike, Zebulon Montgomery (1779-
1813), an American general: explo-
rations of, 23, 401
Pike State, The: see Missouri
Pike's Peak, Colorado: discovered and
named, 23, 401
Pilate, Pontius (1st century A. D.), a
Roman procurator of Judaea, 1, 410
Pilgrim, Archbishop of Lorch (late
10th century), a Hungarian mission-
ary: his work among the Magyars,
17, 46
Pilgrimage of Grace, an insurrection
in England (1536), n, 257
Pilgrims, the founders of Plymouth
Colony, Mass. (1620): brought from
Leyden in "Speedwell," 23, 84; sail
from Southampton in " Mayflower,"
84; landing at Plymouth, 84; second
arrival of, from Leyden, 84; found
Plymouth Colony, 84
Pillersdorf (early 19th century), Aus-
trian statesman: draws up an elec-
toral law, 17, 363
Pillow, Gideon Johnson (1806-1878),
an American general: in the Mexi-
can War, 22, 326, 24, 554; at siege
of Fort Donelson, 744; escapes from
Fort Donelson, 745; removed from
command, 745
Pilnitz (Pillnitz), Declaration of, a
convention between Emperor Leo-
pold II and Frederick William of
Prussia against the French Revolu-
tion (1791), 9, 270, 10, 143, 17, 276
Piloni (19th century), an Italian sol-
dier in South America: his services
in Argentina, 21, 130
Pilsen, Bohemia: siege of (1434), 17,
}Z7
Pimentelli, Antonio (17th century), a
Spanish statesman: favorite of
Christina, 16, 205
Pimienta, Santiago (d. 1844), a Cuban
insurgent: death of, 22, 452
Pinacotheca (Pinakothek), a chamber
in the Propylaea at Athens, 2, 255
Piiiaredo, Bernal (17th century),
Mexican explorer: his career in
California, 22, 172
Pinchincha, Colombia, South America:
battle of (1822), 21, 73
Pinckney, Charles (1 758-1 824), an
American politician: member of
South Carolina, ratifying conven-
tion, 23, 336; absent from first Con-
gress, 343
Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth (1746-
1825), an American statesman and
Revolutionary soldier: in Constitu-
tional convention, 23, 324; absent
from first Congress, 343; member of
South Carolina ratifying conven-
tion, 336; minister to France, 373;
made major general, 375; Federal
nominee for Vice-President, 381;
Federalist candidate for President,
403
Pinckney, Henry Laurens (1794-1863),
an American politician, journalist,
and writer: introduces resolutions
against abolition petition, 24, 577
Pinckney, Thomas (1750-1828), an
American statesman and Revolu-
tionary soldier: concludes treaty
with Spain, 23, 364; nominated Vice-
President, 370; Federal candidate for
Presidency, 413
Pindar (ca. 522-443 B. C), a Greek
poet: greatest of lyric poets, 2, 13
Pindar, Sir Paul (ca. 1565-1650), a
London merchant: member of Cour-
ten's Association, 5, 158
Pindaris (Pindarries or Pindharies),
a horde of robbers in India: revolt
of (1815), 5, 208
GENERAL INDEX
555
Pine Tree State: see Maine
Ping-yang (Pieng-an), Korea: battle
of, 6, 266, 7, 265
Pinkie Cleugh (Pinkey), a place in
Scotland: battle of (1547), ", 265,
xi, 306; see also Preston Pans
Pinkney, William (1764-1822), an
American lawyer and orator: envoy
to Great Britain, 23, 409; minister
to Great Britain, 416; quoted on
slave labor, 24, 589
Pinodem II, King of Egypt, 10th cen-
tury: reign of, 1, 29
" Pinta," one of the vessels of Co-
lumbus: fitted out, 23, 29
Pinto, Alexandre Alberto da Rocha
Serpa (1846 ), an African ex-
plorer and Portuguese politician:
his mission to the Lake Nyasa re-
gion, 19, 238
Pinto, Francisco Antonio (1785-1858),
a Chilian general and politician;
provisional president of Argentina,
21, 127; president of Chili, 216
Pinzon (19th century), a Spanish ad-
miral: aids in the seizure of the
Chincha Islands (1864), 21, 203
Pinzon (early 19th century), a Mexi-
can general: at the battle of Cerro
Gordo, 22, 325
Pinzon, Francisco Martin (15th cen-
tury), a Spanish navigator: raises
false cry of " Land," 23, 30
Pinzon, Martin Alonzo (1441-1493), a
Spanish navigator: aids Columbus,
23, 30; attempts to discover Hayti,
21, 7; explores the northern coast
of Hayti, 8; explorations of, 15
Pinzon, Vicente Yanez (ca. 1460-
1524), a Spanish navigator: his ex-
plorations in South America, 20, 43;
traces the coasts of Central Ameri-
ca, 21, 16
Pious Fund, The, a diplomatic dispute
between the United States and Mex-
ico: settled (1904), 13, 319 note, 24,
1055
Piper, Karl, Count (d. 1716), Swedish
diplomat: favorite of Charles XIV
of Sweden, 16, 214; urges peace,
216; at the siege of Poltava, 15, 53
Pipin (Pepin) the Short (d. 768),
King of the Franks: reign of, 9,
38, 18, 75; aids Pope, 2, 534, 4, 173;
aids Borut against the Avars, 17, 37
Pipin (Carloman), son of Charle-
magne (777-810 A. D.) : invades Na-
varre, 8, 196; made King of Italy,
4, 177, 18, 81
Pippin (ca. 802-838), King of Aqui-
taine, 817-838: crowned, 18, 90;
reign of, 9, 48, 49; revolt of, 18, 91;
death of, 92
Pippin II (d. 864 A. D.), King of
Aquitaine: revolt of, 8, 221; reign
of, 9, 49
Pippin of Heristal (d. 714), a ruler of
the Franks: power of, 9, 35; career
of, 18, 69; rule of, 69
Pippin of Landen (early 7th century),
the royal steward of Clotar II: edu-
cates Dagobert, 18, 65; rebellion of,
9, 31; made mayor of the palace, 9,
33; career of, 18, 68
Pippin, natural son of Charlemagne:
conspiracy of, 18, 83
Piraeus, Greece: restored to Athens,
2, 512; in modern Greece, 548
Piri Reis (16th century), Turkish ad-
miral: eminence of, 14, 164
Pirminius, Saint (8th century A. D.),
Swiss religious leader: sketch of,
13, 339
Pirot, Servia: battle of (1885), 15,
343
Pisa, Italy: feud with Elis, 2, 74, 75;
receives Charter, 4, 187; history of,
in the Middle Ages, 225; Jews ban-
ished from, 1, 418
Pisa, Council of, summoned to settle
schism in church (1409), 17, 121, 18,
201
Pisagua, South America: bombarded
(1879), 21, 235; taken by the Chili-
ans (1879), 235
Pisani, Vittor (d. 1380), Venetian ad-
miral: defeated by the Genoese, 4,
239; at the siege of Venice, 240
Pisano, Niccolo (d. ca. 1278), Italian
architect and sculptor: father of
Italian sculpture, 4, 284
Piscataqua River, New Hampshire:
boundary between grants of Gorges
and Mason, 23, 95
556
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Pisebkhanu I, King of Egypt, nth
century B. C: reign of, i, 29
Pisistratus (612-527 B. C.) a tyrant
of Athens: account of, 2, 95, 109
Piso, Caius Calpurnius (d. 65 A. D.),
Roman conspirator: conspires
against Nero, 4, 65
Piso, Cnaeus Calpurnius (d. 19 A. D.)>
governor of Syria: career of, 4, 48
Piso, Gnaeus Calpurnius (d. ca. 66 B.
C.) Roman conspirator: leader of
the discontented party, 3, 280; sent
to Spain, 280; death, 281
Piso, Licinianus (d. 69 A. D.), Roman
nobleman: associated in power with
Galba, 4, 69
Piso, Lucius, Roman consul, 58 B. C:
elected consul, 3, 290; recalled from
his province, 318
Piso, Lucius Calpurnius, Roman con-
sul, 148 B. C: campaign in Africa,
3, 164
Pistoja, Italy: rise of the Bianchi and
Neri, 4, 212
Pisuerga, Spain: battle of the (1068),
8, 142
Pitcairn, John (ca. 1740-1775), British
officer: at battle of Lexington and
Concord, 23, 226; killed, 233
Pithom, Egypt: built, 1, 27
Pitt, John, Earl of Chatham (1756-
1835), English soldier: his campaign
against Napoleon, n, 563
Pitt, Thomas, British statesman: gov-
ernor of Madras (1698-1709), 5, 166
Pitt, William, Earl of Chatham, Eng-
lish statesman and orator, called
The British Cicero: born at West-
minster, England, November 15,
1708; studied at Trinity College, Ox-
ford; served in the dragoons; en-
tered Parliament, 1735; became vice-
treasurer of Ireland in Pelham's
administration, 1746; made paymas-
ter-general, 1746; attacked the gov-
ernment, 1755, and was deprived of
office; was secretary of State, 1756-
1757; was the leader of the govern-
ment under the Duke of Newcastle,
1757-1761; was created Viscount
Pitt and Earl of Chatham; was pre-
mier, 1766-1768; on his last appear-
ance in the House of Lords, April 7,
1778, opposed the acknowledgment
of the independence of the Ameri-
can colonies; died at Hayes, Kent,
May n, 1778
Sketch of, II, 483; opposes policy
of Carteret, 486; dismissed from
office, 496; returns to power, 497;
policy of, 5, 180; dismissed from
office, 23, 188; popularity of, 11, 498;
becomes premier, 23, 188; sends
fleet to capture Louisburg, 188;
projects alliance against the Bour-
bons, 14, 322; opposes Spanish
policies, 8, 414; foreign policy of, 9,
246; resigns premiership, 11, 505,
23, 197; estimate of, 20, 118; sup-
ports repeal of Stamp Act, 11, 509;
speech in behalf of rights of colo-
nists, 23, 213; created Earl of
Chatham, 215; forms ministry
(1766), 11, 510; opposes the surren-
der of the colonies, 23, 270; death
of, 11, 518, 23, 270
Pitt, William, English statesman,
called the Bottomless Pitt and The
Great Commoner: born at Hayes,
Kent, May 28, 1759; was the second
son of William Pitt, Earl of
Chatham; entered Cambridge Uni-
versity, 1773; admitted to the bar,
1780; elected a member of Parlia-
ment for Appleby, 1780; made his
first speech in favor of Burke's plan
of economical reform, February 26,
1781; became Chancellor of the
Exchequer, 1782; was Prime Minis-
ter, 1783-1801, 1804-1806; died at
Putney, January 23, 1806
Sketch of, 11, 524; made Prime
Minister, 528; secures the passage of
a new India bill, 5, 194; his Irish
bill, 12, 103; policy toward Russia,
14, 360, 361; forms coalition against
France, 9, 307; plans union between
Great Britain and Ireland, 12, 215;
resigns ministry, 11, 551; recalled to
office, 554; death of, 557
Pittsburg, Pennsylvania: name
changed from Fort Du Quesne, 23,
191; Free Soil Convention (1852),
24, 621; Republican convention
GENERAL INDEX
557
(1856), 653; Lincoln makes speech
at, 706; railroad strikes of 1877, 919
Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee: battle
of (1862), 34, 747
Pius II (.SSneas Sylvius Piccolomini),
(1405-1464), Pope, 1458-1464: quot-
ed on the entry of the Hussites into
Basel, 17, 137; his influence on
Frederick III of Germany, 18, 212;
his estimate of the German cities,
230; quarrels with Sigmund, Duke
of Austria, 13, 403; his policy to-
ward Bohemia, 17, 146; encourages
Hungary to fight Bohemia, 162;
cooperates in the founding of the
University of Basle, 13, 428
Pius IV (Giovanni Angelo de' Medici)
(1499-1565), Pope, 1559-1565: sanc-
tions the use of the cup in Bohemia,
*7> J 97! promises aid to the Swiss
Catholics, 13, 456
Pius V (Michele Ghisleri) (1 504-1 572),
Pope, 1566-1572: aids Venetians
against Turks, 4, 309; excommuni-
cates Elizabeth of England, 11, 283;
forms maritime league, 14, 196
Pius VI (Giovanni Angelo, Count
Braschi) (1717-1799), Pope, 1775-
1799: visits Vienna, 17, 267, 18, 350;
insulted by Napoleon, 4, 343; taken
prisoner by the French, 9, 307
Pius VII (Cardinal Chiaramonti)
(1742-1823), Pope, 1800-1823: re-
stored, 18, 362; signs concordat with
Napoleon, 9, 319; pontificate of, 4,
346; consecrates Napoleon, 9, 322;
refuses dispensation to Jerome Bon-
aparte, 18, 374; his quarrel with Na-
poleon, 9, Z2>7\ reestablishes the
order of the Jesuits, 357
Pius IX (Giovanni Maria Mastai Fer-
retti), Pope, 1846-1878: born at
Sinigaglia, near Ancona, Italy, May
13, 1792; became Archbishop of
Spoleto, 1827; appointed cardinal,
1840; became Pope, 1846; led reform
movement in Rome and granted a
constitution to the Papal States; un-
willing to grant all the demands of
the populace, fled to Gaeta, 1848,
and a republic was proclaimed at
Rome; was restored by the aid of
the French, 1850; Victor Emmanuel
annexed a large portion of his do-
mains, i860; was altogether de-
prived of his temporal power, 1870;
died at Rome, February 7, 1878
Reforms of, 4, 357, 361, 9, 426;
loses his temporal territories, 4,
396; his relations with Germany, 18,
441
Pius X (Cardinal Sarto), Pope, 1903-
: makes overtures to King of
Italy, 4, 405
Pizarro, Francisco, Spanish soldier,
conqueror of Peru: born at Truxillo,
Spain, about 1471; was employed as
a swineherd in his youth and never
learned to read or write; the date
of his emigration to America is not
known, but he took part in the ex-
pedition of Ojeda; afterwards
served under Balboa in the discov-
ery of the Pacific Ocean (1513) and
about 1519 settled at Panama; in
1522 joined with Diego de Almagro
and a priest named De Luque and
started out to explore and conquer
the region lying south of the Isth-
mus of Darien; his first expedition
in 1524 failed; made another expe-
dition in 1526, landing at city of
Tumbez; visited that and other
towns of the Peruvian coast; went
to Spain to get aid from the king;
procured for himself an appoint-
ment as governor and captain-gen-
eral of the region he might conquer
for a distance of two hundred
leagues south of Santiago; in Janu-
ary, 1531, he sailed from Panama,
landing at Tumbez; at Caxamarco
he met, November, 1532, the Inca
Atahualpa, who had come to the
camp for a friendly interview, but
was put to death by order of Pizar-
ro; in November, 1533, Pizarro en-
tered Puzco, the capital, and the
conquest of Peru was virtually ef-
fected; civil war broke out in 1537
between Pizarro and Almagro, who
was defeated and executed in 1538;
to avenge his death a conspiracy
was formed by Almagro the
558
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Younger and Pizarro was assas-
sinated at Lima, Peru, June 26, 1541
His conquest of Peru, 20, 45, 31,
18, 22, 114; plans conquest of Chili,
21, 25; death of, 26
Pizarro, Gonzalo (ca. 1505-1548),
Spanish soldier: explorations of, 21,
25; defeats Nunez Vela, 27; death
of, 27
Placidia (390-450 A. D.), Roman prin-
cess: marries Ataulphus, 4, 145, 8,
36; returned to the Romans, 8,
37; marries Constantius, 4, 146; as-
sumes regency of the Empire of the
West, 147
Placido (d. 1844), Cuban poet and in-
surrectionist: death of, 20, 327, 22,
452
Plagues and Pestilences:
B. C.
430. At Athens, 2, 282, 287
413. At Syracuse, 2, 348
406. In Sicily among the Cartha-
ginians, 2, 410
400. In China, 6, 10
A. D.
165. Brought to Europe from the
East, 4, 96
560. In Japan, 7, 15
1270. In the East, 9, 84
1330. Black Death in Ireland, 12,
63
1347-1348. Black Death in Europe
and Asia, 2, 282, 5, 142, 282, 8,
160, 286, 289, 11, 163, 16, 48, 18,
190
1361. Black Death, 11, 169
1384. In Portugal, 8, 298
1519. In Spain, 8, 344
1546. In Mexico, 22, 113
1574. In Ghent, 13, 117
1576. In Italy, 4, 310
1630. In France and Italy, 4, 319
1665. In London, 2, 282, 5, 282,
11, 386
1694. In Mexico, 22, 182
1714. In Mexico, 22, 187
1730. In China, 6, 82
1750. Smallpox in China, 6, 86
1763. Smallpox in Mexico, 22, 201
1780. Smallpox in Mexico, 22, 211
1820. Yellow fever in Spain, 9,
379
1825. China, 6, 124
1828. Among the Russian troops,
15, 281
1854. Cholera among English and
French troops, 15, 311
1854. Asiatic cholera in Italy, 4,
369
1855. Vine disease in Italy, 4, 369
1867. Cholera in Uruguay, 21, 145
1868. Cholera in Buenos Ayres, 21,
132
1870. At Tientsin, 6, 223
1871. Yellow fever in Buenos
Ayres, 21, 134
1873. Yellow fever in Brazil, 21,
163
1878. Yellow fever in Southern
States, 24, 923
1902. Cholera in the Philippines,
20, 363
1895-1905. Bubonic plague in India
and China, 5, 282
1905. Cholera in Manila, 20, 364
Plains of Abraham: see Abraham,
Plains of
Plaisance, Newfoundland: ceded to
the English, 20, 86
Plancius, Peter (1 552-1622), a Dutch
theologian: promotes expedition of
Barentz, 16, 302
Plancus, Lucius Munatius (late 1st
century B. C.) Roman politician:
commands troops in Farther Gaul,
4, 12; made consul, 15
Planta, Pompey (d. 1621), Swiss
Catholic leader: death of, 13, 463
Planta, Rudolf (early 17th century),
Swiss leader in religious wars: leads
Spanish and Austrian party, 13, 461
Planta, Rudolf (early 17th century),
Swiss leader in religious wars, son
of Pompey Planta: kills George
Jenatsch (1639), 13, 463
Plantagenet, Edmund, Earl of Kent
(d. 1330), English nobleman: exe-
cuted, 11, 156
Plantagenet, Edward, Earl of War-
wick: see Warwick, Edward Plan-
tagenet, Earl of
GENERAL INDEX
559
Plantagenet, Geoffrey (early 12th cen-
tury), Count of Anjou: claims Eng-
lish throne, 9, 72
Plantagenet, Richard (1209-1272),
Earl of Cornwall: leads barons
against Henry III, 11, 134; regent
of England, 136; elected Emperor
of Germany (1257), 8, 153, 11, 137,
17, 72, 18, 171; swears to the Pro-
visions of Oxford, 11, 139; captured
after battle of Lewes, 11, 140
Plantations in Ireland: system of, 12,
91
Plassey, India: battle of (1757), 5,
183, 11, 502, 23, 187
Plata River, Viceroyalty of the, Span-
ish province in South America:
formed, 20, 104
Plataea, Greece: its troops at Mara-
thon, 2, 167; destroyed by Xerxes,
196; battle of (479 B. C), I. 166, 2,
209; taken by Athens, 2, 262; at-
tacked by Thebans (431 B. C), 277;
siege of (427 B. C), 297; restored
by the Spartans, 419; again de-
stroyed by Thebans (376 B. C), 430
Plato (429-347 B. C), Greek philoso-
pher, called The Homer of Philoso-
phers: visits Syracuse, 2, 415; be-
lieves the earth to be a sphere, 23,
22
Platov, Count Matvei Ivanovitch
(1751-1818), Russian general: his
campaign against France, 15, 219;
sketch of, 227
Piatt (nth century), Danish soldier:
challenges the Irish army, 12, 43
Piatt, Thomas Collier (1833 ),
American statesman: joins Conkling
faction, 24, 933
Piatt Amendment, The, an act guaran-
teeing self-government to Cuba un-
der certain conditions (1901), 20,
330, 22, 467
Platter, Thomas (16th century), Swiss
educator: account of, 13, 452
Plattsburg, New York: battle of
(1814), 20, 154, 23, 426
Plautius, Aulus (1st century A. D.),
Roman commander: invades Britain,
4, 59
Plaza, Leonidas, President of Ecua-
dor, 1901-1905: his administration,
21, 244
Plebeians, Roman social and political
party: development of, 3, 7; ad-
mitted to the senate, 34; receive citi-
zenship, 35; admitted to Decemvi-
rate, 44; strife with Patricians, 47
Plebiscite of i860, The, a popular vote
taken in Italy to decide between
annexation to the constitutional
kingdom of Victor Emmanuel or
having a separate government, 4,
376
Plebiscites, popular votes taken in
France to determine the right of
Louis Napoleon to the throne
(1851), 9, 442; (1852), 9, 444
Plebs: see Plebeians
Plehve, Viatscheshav Constantino-
vitch von (d. 1904), Russian minister
of the interior: sketch of, 15, 360
Pleistoanax (5th century B. C), Spar-
tan king: expedition of, against At-
tica, 2, 249; restored from exile, 2,
317
Pleistocene Age, prehistoric period of
the history of the earth, 11, 3
Plektrude (ca. 700 A. D.), wife of
Pippin of Heristal, ruler of France,
687-714: account of, 18, 70
Plelo, Count de (early 18th century),
French commander: commands
French forces in Poland, 15, 119
Plemiannikov (18th century), Rus-
sian general: at the battle of the
Kagul, 15, 177
Pless, Sigfrid von (late 17th century),
Danish minister of finance: hires
out the Danish army, 16, 235
Plesswitz, Armistice of, a truce be-
tween Napoleon and the powers of
Europe (1813): mentioned, 10, 488,
15, 261
Pletschev, Michael (early 16th cen-
tury), Russian ambassador to Tur-
key (1512): account of embassy, 14,
118
Plevua, Bulgaria: siege of (1877), M.
482, 15, 334, 336
Pliny the Younger (Caiiis Plinius
Caecilius Cecundus) (62-113 A. D.),
Roman author and orator: perse-
560
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
cutcs the Christians, 4, 90; quoted
about the Netherlands, 13, 4
Plumer, William (early 19th century),
American senator: votes against
Monroe for reason of sentiment, 23,
459
Pliitschau (early 18th century), Lu-
theran missionary in India: founds
the first Protestant mission (1706),
5, 171
Plymouth, Massachusetts: Plymouth
Company chartered by James I, 23,
56; Plymouth Company makes grant
to Pilgrims, 86; earlier colonies un-
successful, 86; settled (1620), II,
313, 20, 84 note, 23, 84; relations
with Indians, 23, 85; government
of, 86; incorporated with Massachu-
setts, 86; in New England Confed-
eration, 96; battle of (1652), 13,
230; in Colonial Congress, 158; suf-
frage laws, 147
Pnyx, The, Athenian senate-house:
description of, 2, 149
Po, river in Italy: battle of the, 4,
329
Pobiedonostsev, Constantine Petro-
vitch (b. 1827), Russian jurist and
statesman: policy of, 15, 341; op-
poses Sviatopolk-Mirski, 360
Pocahontas (17th century), Indian
girl: rescues Captain Smith, 23, 59
Pocock, Sir George (1706-1792), Eng-
lish admiral: takes Havana, 20, 118
Podestra, chief magistrate of Galian
cities: office and duties of, 4, 210
Podiebrad, George of, King of Bo-
hemia, 1458-1471: becomes leader of
non-Catholic sects in Bohemia, 17,
143; made regent of Bohemia, 144;
elected King of Bohemia, 145; ca-
reer of, 18, 214
Podiebrad, Victorin of (15th century),
Bohemian prince: invades Austria,
17, 146
Podolia, Russia: added to Russia, 15,
192
Poe, Edgar Allan (1809-1849), Ameri-
can author: in American literature,
23, 481
Poetry:
ARABIA: before Mohammed, 1,
199
ASSYRIA and BABYLONIA: ac-
count of, 1, 108
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: Slavic lit-
erature, 17, 36; in the 13th century,
97; Vodnik, 301, 330, 333; the Czech
poets, 341
CHINA: 3rd century B. C, 6, 13;
6th century A. D., 15; 18th century,
72
ENGLAND: Caedmon, 11, 38; Lay-
amon, 142; William Langland, 169;
Chaucer, 176, 188; Gower, 187; Spen-
cer and Shakespeare, 302; Milton,
33i 39i; " Hudibras," 391; Burns,
Byron, Shelley, Scott, Wordsworth,
577; Tennyson, 613
EGYPT: account of, 1, 56
GERMANY: at the Bohemian
court, 17, 84; 13th century, 18, 178;
18th century, 13, 489, 18, 353
GREECE: Homer and Hesiod, 2,
29; in Asia Minor, 115
INDIA: Vedic hymns, 5, 38, 42; the
Brahmans, 49
IRELAND: in early times, 12, 8;
Moore, 222
ISRAEL: David, 1, 387
ITALY: 14th century, 4, 220; the
Renaissance, 280; Tasso and Arios-
to, 319; 18th century, 338; general
treatment, 407
JAPAN: 8th century A. D., 7, 35,
43; 13th century, 79
NETHERLANDS: 15th century,
13, 62; 17th century, 219
PERSIA: during the Seljuk period,
5, 333', Hafiz, 336
PORTUGAL: "The Lusiad "
(1572), 5, 175, 8, 542
ROME: under Greek influence, 2,
524; under Augustus, 4, 35
RUSSIA: Pushkin, 15, 47; Cante-
mir, 86, 150; Frediakovski, 150;
Lomonosov and Sumarokov, 150;
early 19th century, 192, 269
SCANDINAVIA: Elder Edda, 16,
8; 19th century, 264
SCOTLAND: 15th century, 12, 293,
309
SPAIN: 18th century, 8, 429
SWITZERLAND: 15th century, 13,
427; close connection with Germany,
489; popular poetry (1800), 522
GENERAL INDEX
561
TURKEY: 16th century, 14, 188,
205
UNITED STATES: in Jacksonian
epoch, 23, 481; Walt Whitman's
poem on death of Lincoln, 24, 827
Poetry, Father of English: see Chau-
cer, Geoffrey
Pogge, Paul (1838-1884), German
African explorer: explorations of,
19, 90
Poictiers, Battle of: see Tours, Battle
of
Poincy, de (early 17th century),
French statesman: governor of the
West Indies, 20, 71
Pointed Arrow: see Jackson, Andrew
Points, Jean Bernhard Louis Desjean,
Baron de (1645-1707), French naval
officer: captures Carthagena, 9, 219
Poissy, Conference of, a discussion
between the Cardinal of Lorraine
and the Protestant ministers of the
principal points of the two religions
(1561), 9, 152
Poitiers, Battle of: see Tours, Battle
of
Pojarski, Prince (1578-1642), a Rus-
sian general: directs a popular ris-
ing, 15, 20
Pokanokets, American Indians: resist
conversion, 23, 97
Pokotilov (early 20th century), Rus-
sian financier: his attempts to win
Chinese officials, 7, 295
Poland, a country of northeastern
Europe: origin of, 15, 4, 18, 6; con-
dition of the Jews in, 1, 420; inde-
pendent of Germany, 18, 139; in-
vaded by Tartars, 14, 4; under the
rule of the King of Bohemia, 17, 81;
hostility to Turkey, 14, 32, 211;
Othman's campaign in, 212; forms
a union with Lithuania (1509),
15, 11, 16; trouble over the Cos-
sacks, 14, 244; treaty with Turkey,
269; in Peace of the Pruth, 281;
plans to dismember, 332, 333;
occupied by the Russians, 15, 46;
commencement of Russia's interfer-
ence in, 81; declared a Russian
province, 296; its condition after
the second insurrection, 329; un-
der Nicholas II, 348; the effect
of the partitions on, 373; under
the Jagiellos, 377, 379; diet of (1818),
263; diet of (1820), 268; invasion of
(1863), 17, 389; insurrection (1906),
15, 366
Poland, Luke Potter (19th century),
American statesman : investigates
the Credit Mobilier, 24, 896
Poland, Partitions of: (1772), 9, 250,
14, 338, 15, 172, 173, 382, 17, 246, 18,
345; (1793), 15, 189, 385, 17, 281, 18,
358; (1795), 15, 191, 386, 17, 281, 18,
359
Polar Research, History of, 16, 293
Pole, John de la (1487), Earl of Lin-
coln: joins insurrection of Lambert
Simnel, 11, 224; death of, 225
Pole, Michael de la, Earl of Suffolk
(14th century), English politician:
characer, 11, 180; impeached, 181
Pole, Reginald (1500-1558), an English
cardinal and scholar: Papal legate,
11, 271; made Archbishop of Can-
terbury, 272; death of, 273
Pole, William de la, Earl of Suffolk
(d. 1450), English politician: his in-
fluence over Henry VI, 11, 206;
losses in France, 207; impeached and
murdered, 209
Polemarch, a Greek military officer:
office of, created at Athens, 2, 98
Poles, people of Poland: significance
of name, 17, 25; see also Poland
Polignac, Madame de (ca. 1749-1793),
a favorite of Marie Antoinette:
urges dismissal of Brienne, 9, 260
Polignac, Armand Jules Marie Herac-
lius, Duke of (1771-1847), a French
politician: plots against Napoleon's
life, 9, 322
Polignac, Jules Auguste Armand
Marie, Prince of (1780-1847), a
French statesman: made member of
the council, 9, 388; trial of, 397
Polish Insurrections, struggles for in-
dependence in Poland (1830-1831),
15, 293; (1863), 324
Polish Note, The, suggestions made
by England to Russia in regard to
Poland (1863), 15, 384
Polish Question, The, a question of
562
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
the independence of Poland (1830),
17, 327
Polish War, a war to decide the elec-
tion to the throne of Poland (1733-
I738)j ended by Peace of Vienna, by
which Augustus III was acknowl-
edged: account of, 4, 332
Political Campaigns: see Campaigns,
Political
Polk, James Knox, eleventh President
of the United States: born in Meck-
lenburg Co., North Carolina, No-
vember 2, 1795; moved to Tennessee
in 1806 with his father; graduated at
the University of North Carolina,
1816; studied law in Nashville, and
was admitted to the bar, 1830; was
elected a member of Congress from
Tennessee in 1825 and at several
succeeding elections; in 1835 chosen
Speaker of the House of Represent-
atives by the Democrats: was
Speaker of the 25th Congress (1837-
1838); in 1839 was elected Governor
of Tennessee for two years; at elec-
tion of 1841 was defeated by the
Whig candidate for Governor; in
1844 was elected President of the
United States; the annexation of
Texas to the Union (1845) involved
the country in a war with Mexico
which began May, 1846, and after
several victories, the army of the
United States under General Scott
took the city of Mexico in Septem-
ber, 1847; the boundary line of Ore-
gon was settled during his adminis-
tration; retired from office in March,
1849, and died at Nashville, Tennes-
see, June 15, 1849
Nominated for President, 24, 537;
elected, 538; early career, 540;
Northwest Boundary Dispute, 541;
war with Mexico, 544; message to
Congress (1846), 547; party schemes
of, 556; proposition to buy Cuba
rejected, 628; Alaska purchase pro-
posed in administration of, 877
Polk, Leonidas (1 806-1 864), a Con-
federate general: enters Kentucky,
24, 743; at battle of Pittsburg Land-
ing, 747J death, 795
" Polk, Dallas, and the tariff of 1842,"
Democratic motto in the presiden-
tial election of 1844, 24, 538
Polkos, Revolution of the, an insurrec-
tion against the Mexican govern-
ment (1847): account of, 22, 319
Pollentia, Italy: battle of (402 A. D.),
4, 138, 18, 35
Pollio, Caius Asinius (ca. 76 B. C-
6 A. D.), a Roman politician, com-
mander, and author: commands
troops in Spain, 4, 12; aids in mak-
ing a new division of territory
among the triumvirs, 20
Pollock, Sir George (1786-1872), an
English general: his campaigns in
India, 5, 218
Poll-tax, a tax in England that led to
an insurrection of the peasants
(1379-1381): imposed by Parlia-
ment, 11, 174
Polo, Marco, an Italian traveler and
author: born in Venice, 1254; ac-
companied his father and uncle, two
merchants of noble rank, on a land
journey to China, leaving Venice,
1271, and arriving at Shangtu, 1275;
was in the service of the Chinese
emperor, 1275-1292; journeyed from
China to Venice, via Sumatra, India,
and Persia, 1292-1295; was taken
prisoner at the battle of Curzola be-
tween the Venetians and the Geno-
ese (1298) and detained at Genoa
over a year; while a prisoner, dic-
tated in French to a fellow captive
an account of his travels; died at
Venice, 1324
His career, 23, 24; visits the East,
5, 141, 6, 19; detained at Mongol
court, 24; visits Persia, 5, 336; re-
turns to Venice, 6, 25; effect of his
writings on Columbus, 21, 4
Polotsk (Polock), Russia: under the
Varangians, 15, 6; battle of (1812),
10, 485
Polovtsi, a Turkish tribe: border war-
fare of the, 15, 7
Polt (early 19th century), an Austrian
general: in the Hungarian insurrec-
tion, 15, 301
Poltava (Pultowa, Pultawa), Russia:
GENERAL INDEX
563
battle of (1709), 14, 275, 15, Sh l6
220, 18, 317
Poltrot, John, of Mere (d. 1563), a
French fanatic: assassinates Francis
of Guise, 9, 154
Polybius (204-125 B. C.) a Greek his-
torian: exiled, 2, 519
Polycletus (1st century A. D.), a Ro-
man freedman: becomes a power in
Rome, 4, 72
Polycrates (d. 522 B. C), a Greek ty-
rant: tyrant of Samos, 2, 95, 126;
death of, 129
Polygamy: in Mormon religion, 24,
982; first act of Congress respect-
ing, 983
Pombal, Sebastiao Jose de Carvallio e
Mello, Marquis of (1699-1782), a
Portuguese statesman: administra-
tion of, 8, 473; his policy in Brazil,
21, 39; his hostile policy toward the
Jesuits, 20, 97
Pombo (early 19th century), a Co-
lombian patriot: death of, 21, 65
Pomerania, a province of Prussia: an-
nexed to Denmark, 16, 83; passes
from Sweden to Prussia, 15, 63, 372
Pompadour, Jeanne Antoinette Pois-
son, Marquise de (1721-1764), mis-
tress of Louis XV of France: her
influence over Louis XV, 9, 244; her
relations with Maria Theresa, 17,
243, 18, 334
Pompeii, an ancient city of Italy: de-
stroyed by Vesuvius, 2, 524, 4, 83
Pompeius, Quintus (2nd century B.
C), a Roman general and orator:
his struggle with Numantia, 3, 162
Pompeius Magnus, Cneius (Pompey
the Great), a Roman general: born
September 30, 106 B. C; fought un-
der his father in Social War, 89 B.
C, and saved his father from assas-
sination, 87 B. C; raised three le-
gions to fight for Sulla in 83 B. C.
and defeated a hostile force under
Brutus; gained another victory over
the legates of Carbo in 82 B. C;
in 76 B. C. obtained command of
an army sent to Spain against Ser-
torius, who defeated Pompey in two
battles; returned to Italy in 71 B.
C. and was elected consul for the
year 70 B. C. ; remained at Rome
inactive during 69 and 68 B. C; in
67 B. C. he was selected to conduct
a war against the pirates, who in-
fested the Mediterranean in great
numbers; performed this service
with complete success in less than
a year; was also successful in oper-
ations against Mithridates; captured
Jerusalem in 63 B. C; returned to
Italy 62 B. C. ; having divorced
Mucia, his third wife, he married
Julia, daughter of Caesar; defeated
in battle with Caesar in August, 48
B. C; escaped by sea, with his wife,
Cornelia, and sought refuge in
Egypt, but was murdered in the act
of landing, September, 48 B. C.
Sketch of, 3, 254; joins Sulla, 226;
conquers Africa, 228; conquers Si-
cily, 228; aids reforms of Sulla, 230;
rebels against constitution of Sulla,
239; defeats Lepidus, 255; his cam-
paigns in Spain, 3, 256, 8, 21; allies
himself with the democrats, 3, 267;
reforms of, 267; retires from public
affairs, 268; his campaign against
the pirates, 270; given command of
the war in East, 271; his campaigns
in the East, 273; besieges Jerusalem,
1, 407; his triumph, 3, 275; feeling
in Rome towards, 286; returns to
Rome, 287; joins second coalition,
288; marries daughter of Caesar,
290; compared with Caesar, 311;
feud with Clodius, 312; changed re-
lations with Caesar, 312; invested
with superintendence of affairs re-
lating to corn supply, 314; confer-
ence with Caesar and Crassus, 56 B.
C), 315," appointed "consul with
colleague," 320; gives up special
command, 321; breach with Caesar,
325; refuses to obey the senate, 331;
commences war against Caesar, 332;
resources of, 335; compaign in the
East against Caesar, 346; resources
after the battle of Pharsalus, 350;
death, 351; Caesar restores to the
senate-house the statue of, 365;
value of his property, 382
564
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Pompeius Magnus, Cneius (ca. 80-45
B. C), eldest son of Cneius Pom-
peius Magnus (106-48 B. C.) : his
campaign in Spain, 8, 23; at the
Corcyra council of war, 3, 350
Pompeius Magnus, Sextus (75-35 B.
C), a son of Cneius Pompeius Mag-
nus (106-48 B. C.) : his campaigns in
Spain, 8, 23; ability of, 3, 352; be-
comes a pirate, 359; his recall pro-
posed, 4, 8; brings a fleet to the coast
of Gaul, 11; makes a compact with
Antonius, 19; his alliance and rup-
ture with Octavius, 20; defeat of,
21
Pomuk, John of (late 14th century),
an Austrian ecclesiastic: sketch of,
17, 118
Ponce, Porto Rico, West Indies: cap-
tured by American forces (1898),
24, 1030
Ponce de Leon, Juan (ca. 1460-1521),
a Spanish soldier and discoverer:
accompanies Columbus on his sec-
ond voyage, 23, 33; occupies Porto
Rico, 21, 16; discovers Florida, 23,
38
Ponce de Leon, Luis (1528-1591)
Spanish scholar, theologian, and
poet: commissioned to investigate
complaints against Cortez, 22, 70
Pondicherry (Pondicherri), the capita
of French India: obtained by the
French (1668), 9, 214, 20, 114; cap-
tured by the Dutch, 9, 219; besieged
by the English (1748), 5, 179, 20,
115; captured by the English (1761),
5, 170, 9, 246, 20, 1,19; (1778), 9, 256;
returned to France (1802), 20, 144
Poniatowski, Prince Joseph Anton
(1762-1813), a Polish general: re-
tires to Cracow, 15, 256; at the bat-
tle of Leipzig, 18, 385; death of,
15, 261
Poniatowski, Michael (late 18th cen-
tury), brother of Stanislaus Augus-
tus Poniatowski, King of Poland:
treason of, 15, 190
Poniatowski, Stanislaus (1 677-1762),
a Polish statesman: intrigues of,
15, 58; influences the sultan against
Russia, 16, 221
Ponsonby, George (1755-1817), an
Irish lawyer and political leader:
supports free trade movement, 12,
183
Pontarlier, France: taken by the Con-
federates (1475), 13, 407
Pont-de-Ce, France: battle of (1620),
9, 181
Pontiac (d. 1769), a chief of the Ot-
tawa Indians: leads his braves
against Braddock, 23, 200; plans his
conspiracy, 200; concludes peace
with Sir William Johnson, 200;
death, 200
Pontiac, Conspiracy of: see Pontiac
Pontifex Maximus, the highest priest
in the ancient Roman religion: pow-
ers of, 3, 32
Pontius, Gavius (4th century B. C),
a Roman military leader: at battle
of Caudine Pass, 3, 69
Pontius of Telesia (1st century B. C.)
a Samnite general: tries to succor
Rome, 3, 227; death of, 228
Pontius Pilate: see Pilate, Pontius
Pontus, an ancient country in Asia
Minor: annexed to Roman empire,
2, 522
Pool, Gerrit Claesz (late 17th cen-
tury), a Dutch shipwright: gives
Peter a certificate, 15, 33
Poole (early 17th century), an Arctic
explorer: explorations of, 16, 304
Poona (Poonah), Treaty of, a treaty
by which England gained wider con-
trol of the district of Poona in In-
dia (1817), 5, 209
Poor Laws: (1), a law passed in Eng-
land providing for the building of
workhouses for the poor (1834), 11,
592; (2) a law providing for the
poor in Ireland (1838), 596
" Poor Richard's Almanack," an al-
manac published by Benjamin
Franklin, 1732-1757; sketch of, 23,
143
Popayan, Colombia, South America:
insurrection in (1829), 21, 83
Pope, Alexander (1 688-1 744), an Eng-
lish poet: sketch of, 11, 481
Pope, John (1822-1892), an American
general: captures Island Number
GENERAL INDEX
565
Ten, 24, 749; commands Army of
Virginia, 762; Federal losses during
command, 763
Pope, The English: see Adrian IV,
Pope
Pope, The Protestant: see Clement
XIV, Pope
Pope, The Reform: see Calvin, John
Popes, Boy: see John XII and Bene-
dict IX, Popes
Popham, Sir Francis (early 17th cen-
tury), English colonial official: ap-
pointed council, 23, 57
Popham, Sir Home Riggs (1762-1820),
a British naval officer: occupies
Buenos Ayres, 20, 143; captures
Gualior, 5, 193
Poppaea Sabina (d. 65 A. D.), wife of
Salvius Otho: intrigues with Nero,
4, 63; marries Nero, 64
Poppo (early 8th century), Duke of
Friesland: opposes Karl Martel, 18,
74
Poppo (nth century), German bishop:
baptizes Svend, 16, 29
Populares, a faction in Rome (2nd
century B. C.) : rise of, 3, 172
Populist Party (the People's Party),
a political party in the United
States; in election of 1890, 24,
975; absorbed by the Democrats,
ion; convention at St. Louis, 1015;
convention at Springfield, 1067
Populonia, Italy: battle of, 3, 75
Populus, a Roman body of warriors:
origin of name, 3, 14
Port Arthur, a Chinese naval station:
siege of (1894), 7, 268; taken by
Japanese, 6, 268, 309; occupied by
Russians, 6, 296, 7, 277; battle of
(1904), 7, 304; siege of (1904), 306;
surrender of (1905), 15, 363; Rus-
sia cedes lease of, 6, 314
Port Durban, South Africa: founded,
20, 225
Port Famine, a place in Patagonia:
settled, 21, 32
Port Gibson, Mississippi: taken
(1862), 24, 776
Port Hudson, Louisiana, taken by
Banks (1863), 24, 778
Port Mahon, Minorca, Balearic
Islands: battle of (1756), II, 496
Port of Freemantle, Australia: found-
ed, 20, 187
Port Philip, Australia: growth of, 20,
194
Port Royal, Jamaica, West Indies: de-
stroyed by an earthquake, 20, 237
Port Royal, Nova Scotia: see Annap-
olis, Nova Scotia
Port Royal, South Carolina: settled,
23, 47; fate of, 76
Port Victoria, Seychelles Islands: de-
scription of, 20, 263
Portal (early 19th century), a French
statesman: made minister of marine
affairs, 9, 370
Portal, Sir Gerald (late 19th century),
a British official in Africa: his mis-
sion to Uganda, 19, 196
Portales, Diego (1793-1837), a Chilian
politician: member of the Opposi-
tion party in Chili, 21, 216; suggest-
ed as a presidential candidate, 217
Port-au-Prince, Hayti: taken by the
French (1801), 20, 140
Porte, The, the Imperial Ottoman
Government: meaning of term, 14,
9i
Porteous Affair, The, riots at Edin-
burgh (1736), 12, 365
Porter, David Dixon, an American
admiral: born at Chester, Penna.,
June o, 1813; entered the navy as
midshipman in 1829; became a lieu-
tenant, 1841; served against the
Mexicans, 1846-1847; in 1861 was
promoted to commander; command-
ed the mortar boats which bombard-
ed Forts Jackson and Saint Philip,
below New Orleans, 1862; in Oc-
tober, 1862, he commanded a flotilla
of gunboats on the Mississippi
River; cooperated with Grant
against Vicksburg; for his services
at Vicksburg he was made rear-ad-
miral; successful at Fort Fisher,
January 15, 1865; appointed vice-ad-
miral, July 25, 1866, and admiral in
August, 1870; died at Washington,
D. C, February 13, 1891
566
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Commands ironclads at Vicks-
burg, 24, 776, 777; captures Fort
Fisher, 808
Porter, Endymion (1587-1649), an
English merchant adventurer: mem-
ber of Courten's Association, 5, 158
Porter, Fitz-John (1822 ), an
American general: blamed for de-
feat at Groveton, 24, 763
Porter, Peter Buel (1 773-1 844), an
American general: in Congress, 23,
417
Portland, William Henry Cavendish:
see Bentinck, William Henry, Duke
of Portland
Portland Channel, Alaska: in Alaskan
boundary settlement, 24, 1055
Portmore, Ireland: siege of (1597),
12, 96
Porto Bello, Colombia, South Ameri-
ca: taken by Morgan, 20, 69; cap-
tured by the English (1739), 22,
194; made a free port, 21, 85
Porto Novo, Africa: claimed by
France, 19, 49
Porto Novo, India: settled, 5, 171
Porto Rico (Puerto Rico), an island
of the West Indies: discovered, 21,
9; occupied by Ponce de Leon, 16;
early conditions in, 20, 73; history
of, in the 19th century, 323; cam-
paigns in (1898), 22, 462, 24, 1030;
ceded to the United States, 24, 1032;
description of, 1035; government
provided for, 1040
Porto-Alegre (19th century), a Bra-
zilian general: his campaign against
Paraguay, 21, 158
Portocarrero (late 16th century), a
Spanish captain: his campaign
against the French, 13, 164
Portocarrero, Louis de (1629-1709),
Spanish cardinal: appointed regent
of Spain, 8, 385
Ports of the Spanish Main, Three Old,
Cumana, La Guaira, and Maracaibo,
21, 318
Portsmouth, New Hampshire: found-
ed, 23, 95; Russo-Japanese Peace
conference at, 24, 1079
Portsmouth, Louise de Keroualle,
Duchess of (1649-1734): her rela-
tions with Charles II of England,
", 395
Portsmouth Treaty, The, a treaty be-
tween Japan and Russia, which end-
ed the Russo-Japanese War (1905):
account of, 7, 318, 15, 364, 24, 1079
Portugal, a kingdom of Europe, called
Lusitania: establishment of king-
dom, 8, 272; possessions in Africa,
I9 i 5j7 i ; discoveries and conquests
of, 14, 144, 23, 24; last of the an-
cient dynasty, 8, 433; commercial
enterprise of, 6, 32; merchants from,
visit Japan, 7, 104; sends troops to
Peking, 6, 44; House of Braganza,
8, 462; events to the close of the
Peninsular War, 8, 525, 10, 474;
growth of the constitutional mon-
archy, 8, 533; concludes treaty with
Japan, 7, 189; her claims in the
Lake Nyasa region, 19, 236; arbi-
tration treaty with the United
States, 24, 1076; treaty with China,
6, 318; present possessions in Af-
rica, 19, 249
Portugal, Nufio Colon de, Duke of
Veraguas, Viceroy of Mexico, 1673:
made viceroy, 22, 174
Portuguese East Africa: description
of, 20, 298
Portuguese Legion, a body of Portu-
guese soldiers in the Napoleonic
campaigns: organization of, 8, 528
Porus (d. 318 B. C), King of India:
opposes Alexander, 2, 501; defeated
by Alexander, 5, 67
Posada, Antonio (late 18th century), a
Mexican explorer: examines mines
at Talchapa, 22, 209
Poseidon, the Greek god of the sea:
in Greek theology, 2, 39; Isthmian
Games in honor of, 42; sanctuary on
Mount Mycale, 55
Posidonius (2nd century B. C), a
Greek sailor: visits Britain, 11, 5
Posse, Count Arvid (late 19th cen-
tury), a Swedish political leader:
ministry of, 16, 279
Possession Island, an island on the
south coast of Africa: claimed by
the Dutch, 19, 38
Post Office, Department of, in the
GENERAL INDEX
567
United States: scandals of, 24, 895,
1054
Posthumus (Postumus), Marcus Cas-
sianus Latinus (d. 267 A. D.), Ro-
man Emperor: his campaigns in
Spain, 8, 26; accession and death
of, 9, 13
Postumius, Lucius (3rd century B. C.)
a Roman propraetor: death, 3, 121
Postumus: see Posthumus
Potemkin, Prince Gregory (1736-
1791), a Russian politician and gen-
eral: account of, 14, 346, 353, 358;
secures Catherine's favor, 15, 165;
deceptions of, 14, 350 note; power
of, 15, 171; honors accorded to, 174;
serves in the Crimea, 176; made
governor of the Crimea, 183; his re-
ception in St. Petersburg, 185; death
of, 14, 360, 15, 186; treatment of
his remains, 15, 201
Pothinus (ca. 3rd century A. D.),
Bishop of Lyons: martyred, 9, 12
Potidaea, Macedonia: established, 2,
80; revolts from Athens, 269; recap-
tured, 284; taken by Philip of Mace-
don, 459
Potocki (18th century), Polish gen-
eral: intrigues of, 15, 58
Potocki, Count (19th century), Polish
statesman: member of Austrian
cabinet, 17, 402
Potocki, Count Stanislaus (1757-
1821), Polish patriot and states-
man: his interview with Napoleon,
15, 258
Potomac River, United States: Lee
crosses, 24, 779
Potosi, South America: battle of
(1825), 21, 182
Potsdam, Treaty of, an alliance be-
tween the countries of Europe
against Napoleon (1803), 15, 214
Pottawattomi Indians, North Ameri-
ca: belong to Algonquian stock, 23,
8
Potter, Louis de (1786-1859), Belgian
writer and revolutionist: banished,
13, 295; made head of new provi-
sional government, 296
Pottery: found in the mounds of the
Mound Builders, 23, 6
Pottinger, Elred (19th century), An-
glo-Indian official: defends Herat,
5, 217, 361
Pottinger, Sir Henry (1789-1856),
British administrator: appointed
minister, 6, 138; concludes Treaty of
Nanking, 141; sails for England, 143
Poughkeepsie, New York: ratification
convention meets at, 23, 337', Lin-
coln makes speech at, 24, 706
Powhatan (d. 1618), Indian sachem:
his conference with Smith, 23, 58
Poynings, Sir Edward (d. 1512), Eng-
lish deputy in Ireland: sent as dep-
uty to Ireland, n, 227; made lord
deputy of Ireland, 12, 73
Poyning's Law or Statute of Dro-
gheda, act of the Irish Parliament
in 1494, named from Sir Edward
Poynings, II, 227, 12, 74
Poyntz (17th century), English Par-
liamentary general: defeats Charles
I, ", 354
Prado, Manuel (1826-1901), Peruvian
soldier: declares himself dictator in
Peru, 21, 205; made dictator, 206;
in the war with Chili, 235
Pradt, de, Archbishop of Mechlin
(1759-1837), French diplomat and po-
litical writer: his interview with Na-
poleon, 15, 256
Praemunire, Statute of, an English act
passed in 1353, in which an attempt
was made to stop suits being carried
before foreign courts: enacted
(1353), 11, 169; reenacted (1393),
183
Praeneste, Italy: war with Rome, 3,
64; siege of, 227
Praetores, name given to Roman two
year-kings: power of, 3, 30
Praga, Russia: storming of (1794), 15,
191, 18, 358
Pragmatic Sanctions:
1713. That of Emperor Charles VI,
making Maria Theresa his heir,
4, 333, 13, 252, 15, 134, 17, 191,
18, 319
1759. That of Charles II of Spain
ceding the succession of Naples
to his third son and descendants,
8, 414
568
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Prague, Bohemia: founded, 17, 30;
siege of (1400), 118; insurrection in
(1419), 128; siege of (1420), 129;
becomes center of religious contro-
versy, 150; defenestration of, 202;
outbreak in (1618), 18, 268; battle
of (1620), 17, 206; occupied by John
George of Saxony (1632), 18, 282;
taken by Wallenstein (1632), 283;
battle of (1639), 291; taken by Fred-
erick the Great (1744), 330; siege
and battle of (i757), 9, 245, 18, 335;
Czech museum founded, 17, 341;
popular uprising in (1848), 364, 366;
internal improvements in, 414
Prague, Diets of: (1432), 17, 136;
(1433), 137
Prague, Treaties of:
1635. Concluded between Ferdi-
nand II and the Elector of Sax-
ony, 18, 288
1866. Concluded between Prussia
and Austria, 16, 275, 17, 392, 18,
412
Prague, University of: founded, 17,
115, 18, 192; given to the Jesuits, 17,
208
Prairie State, The: see Illinois
Pratt (19th century), United States
consul at Singapore: his negotia-
tions with the Filipinos, 20, 315
Pratt, Charles, Earl of Camden
(1714-1794), English jurist; deci-
sions of, 11, 507; quoted on colonial
rights, 23, 214
Pratt, John Jeffreys, Marquis of Cam-
den (1759-1840), lord-lieutenant of
Ireland: administration of, 12, 204
Pratteln, Switzerland: battles of
(1445), 13, 402; (1833), 13, 541
Pravadi, Bulgaria: surrender of (1389),
14, 34; siege of (1829), 15, 284
Prazak (19th century), Moravian dep-
uty: made minister of justice, 17,
427
Preachers, Friars, religious order:
founded, 11, 133
Precy, Francois Perrin, Count of
(1742-1820), French soldier: ap-
pointed to command the insurrec-
tionists of Lyons, 10, 269
Premonstratensian Order, religious or-
der: in Switzerland, 13, 355
Premysl of Stadice (ca. 8th century
A. D.), ruler of Bohemia: sketch
of, 17, 29
Premysl Otokar I, King of Bohemia,
1 198-1230: reign of, 17, 67
Premysl Otokar (Premislas Ottocar)
II, King of Bohemia, 1253-1278: at
war with Hungary, 17, 59; revolts
against his father, 71; reign of, 71
Prendergast, Sir Harry North Dal-
rymple (1834 ), English soldier:
his campaign in Burma, 5, 266
Prendergast, Maurice (12th century),
Irish adventurer: his career in Ire-
land, 12, 49
Prentiss, Benjamin Mayberry (1819-
1901), American soldier: at battle
of Pittsburg Landing, 24, 747
Prentiss, Seargent Smith (1808-1850),
American orator: makes campaign
speeches (1840), 24, 523
Presburg, Hungary: battle of (907 A.
D.), 17. 43; taken by the Bohemians,
74; siege of (1683), 230; occupied by
the French, 334; taken by Wind-
ischgratz (1848), 371
Presburg, Diets of: (1435), 17, 156;
(1825-1829), 337
Presburg, Treaties of:
1491. Concluded between Frederick
III of Germany and Hungary,
18, 219
1619. Concluded between the
Czechs, Hungarians, and Transyl-
vanians against the House of Aus-
tria, 17, 205
1805. Concluded between France
and Austria, 4, 347, 9, 326, 10.
415, 11, 557, 14, 395, 17, 294, 18,
367
Presbyterians, religious sect: tolerated
in Virginia, 23, 67; attitude of James
I toward, 83; persecuted in Virgi-
nia, 149; divide into Northern and
Southern Wings, 24, 604
Presbytery, The Apostle of: see Knox,
John
Prescott, Richard (1725-1788), British
soldier: exchanged, 23, 263
GENERAL INDEX
569
Prescott, William (1726-1795), Amer-
ican soldier: at battle of Bunker
Hill, 23, 232
"President," American war vessel:
captures the frigate " Little Belt,"
23, 416
President of the American Confed-
eracy: term of office, 24, 695
President of the United States: elec-
tion and powers, 23, 332; election
of first, 340; official title, 346; sal-
ar}% 346; nomination by Congres-
sional caucus abandoned, 460
Presidential Succession Law, a meas-
ure of fixing the order of succession
to the presidency of the United
States (1886), 24, 953
President-Maker: see Weed, Thurlow
Presque Isle (Erie), Pennsylvania:
founded, 23, 170
Press and Printing:
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: censorship
rigid (1815), 17, 320, 329; in the 19th
century, 351, 368
ENGLAND: Caxton's press, 11,231
238; newspapers in 1700, 15, 34
"Christian Year" (1827), 11, 611
FRANCE: Press acts of 1818, 9,
37i> 378, 382; suppression of free-
dom of the press (1826), 9, 385;
(1830), 390, (1834), 404; Act of Sup-
pression (1868), 457
GERMANY: invention by Guten-
berg (1436), 4, 285, 13, 61, 18, 220;
press restricted (1819), 18, 394; in-
terest in Africa, 19, 91
INDIA: Vernacular Press Act
(1878), s, 255
IRELAND: "The Nation" (1842),
12, 226, 230; " The United Irish-
man," 231
MEXICO: Annals (1877), 22, 95;
Letters of Cortez (1770), 209; po-
litical paper printed (1782), 213
RUSSIA: under Peter, 15, 86; news-
papers in the late 18th century, 194
SCOTLAND: in the 16th century,
12, 301
SWITZERLAND: at Basle, 13,
428; political newspapers, 515
UNITED STATES: in the colonies,
23, 143
Pressburg: see Presburg
Prester John or Priest John, mythical
emperor believed in the Middle
Ages to have had dominions in Af-
rica or Asia: Covilhao visits the
court of, 20, 39
Preston, England: battle of (1648),
12, 341
Preston, Colonel (17th century), Irish
commander: joins the Catholic party
in Ireland, 12, 119
Preston Pans, Scotland: battle of (or
battle of Pinkey) (1745), 11, 487,
12, 367
Pretender, The Old (James Francis
Edward Stuart) (1688-1766), son of
James II of England: attempts to
restore, 11, 451, 12, 362, 15, 66
Pretender, The Young (Charles Ed-
ward Louis Philip Casimir) (1720-
1788), pretender to the British
throne: attempts to win the throne,
11, 487, 12, ^66
Pretextatus, Vettius (ca. 6th century
A. D.), Roman senator: leader of
Roman sentiment, 4, 131
Pretor, ancient Roman magistrates:
length of term of office extended, 3,
236
Pretoria, South Africa: named, 20,
227; occupied by the British
(1900), 233
Pretorius, Matthias Wessels (1827-
1901), South African Boer states-
man: his administration, 20, 227
Prevesa, Turkey: battle of (1538), 14,
163
Prevost, Augustine (18th century),
British general: devastates South
Carolina, 23, 272
Prevost, Sir George (1767-1816), Brit-
ish soldier: governor of Canada, 20,
154
Pribylov Islands, Alaska: sealing in-
dustry of, 24, 878; in seal fisheries
dispute, 979
Price, Admiral (19th century), Rus-
sian military officer: suicide of, 15,
310
Price, Sterling (1809-1867), American
soldier: in the Mexican War, 22,
303; in Missouri campaign, 24, 740;
570
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
at battle of Corinth, 774; attacked
by Rosecrans at Iuka, 774
Prideaux, General (18th century),
English general: killed at the bom-
bardment of Fort Niagara, 23, 192
Pride's Purge (1648), II, 360
Priestly, Joseph (1733-1804), English
philosopher, chemist, and theolo-
gian: supports suggestion to exile
Louis XVI to the United States,
10, 235 note
Priests, The Dissentient, in France:
banished, 10, 395; allowed to con-
duct their worship on taking an
oath of obedience, 446
Priests, The Prince of: see Henry V,
King of England
Prieto, Joaquin (19th century), South
American general: leads the Oppo-
sition party in Chili, 31, 216; presi-
dent of Chili, 217; retires from
power, 218
Prigg vs. Pennsylvania, a case brought
before the Supreme Court of the
United States, 24, 581, 600
Prignano, Bartholomew: see Urban
VI
Prim, Juan (1814-1870), Spanish gen-
eral: opposes regency of Espartero,
8, 500; joins revolutionists, 508;
made minister of war in provisional
government, 510
Primogeniture, Law of, a law of in-
heritance: abolished by Jefferson,
23, 383
Primrose, Archibald Philip: see Rose-
bery, Earl of
Primus, Marcus Antonius (1st century
A. D.), Roman general: at battle
of Bedriacum, 4, 72
Prince Edward Island, Canada: ad-
mitted to Canadian union, 20, 168
Prince Florizel: see George IV, King
of England
Prince of Peace, The: see Godoy,
Manuel de
Prince of Priests, The: see Henry V,
King of England
Prince Tite: see George II, King of
England
Princes in the Tower, sons of Edward
v. IV of England: murder of, 11, 221
Princeton, New Jersey: battle of
(1777), 11, s 16, 23, 249
Princeton University, New Jersey:
founded, 23, 141; pillaged by Howe's
army, 249; graduates of, in Consti-
tutional Convention, 323
Principe, Portuguese island off the
west coast of Africa: sketch of, 19,
213; description of, 20, 298
Pring, Martin (1580-1626), English
navigator: explores New England
coast, 23, 54
Prinsep, Sir Henry Thoby (1792-
1878), English orientalist: retires
from office, 5, 273
Printing: see Press and Printing
Priscillianists : heresy of, 8, 31
Pritchard Case, The (1842), 9, 422
Prithwi Raja (12th century), Prince
of Delhi, India: legend of his
daughter's marriage, 5, 94; defeated
by Mohammed of Ghor, 95
Privateers: Davis calls for, 24, 723
Privernum, Italy: siege of (329 B. C),
3, 68
Probouleumata: in Athenian constitu-
tion, 2, 147
Probus, Marius Aurelius (ca. 235-282
A. D.), Roman Emperor: reign of,
2, 525, 4, in; policy of, 18, 29
Procida, John of (ca. 1225-1302), Ital-
ian conspirator: leads conspiracy
against Charles of Anjou, 9, 85
Procles, mythical Grecian colonist:
leads Ionic settlement in Samos, 2,
55
Procopius, Andrew, the Great (d.
1434), Hussite leader: leads Hussite
army, 17, 134; succeeds Ziska, 18,
209; death of, 17, 138, 18, 211
Procopius the Little (15th century),
Hussite leader: leads the Orphans,
18, 209; death of, 211
Procter, Redfield (1831 ), Amer-
ican statesman: reports conditions
existing in Cuba, 24, 1024
Proctor, Henry R. (1765-1859), Brit-
ish general: at the battle of River
Raisin, 23, 424
Programme of the International Con-
ference of American Republics at
Rio de Janeiro (1906), 21, 277
GENERAL INDEX
571
Progress of a Century, 24, 1086
Progressives, a party of the Prussian
legislature: description of, 18, 434
Prohibition Party, American political
division: first organized, 24, 909;
nominates Neal Dow (1880), 930;
nominates J. P. St. John (1884), 945;
in election of 1888, 966; nominates
John Bidwell for president (1892),
991; nominates Rev. Dr. Swallow
(1904), 1067
Property Qualification Act, a bill lim-
iting representation in the House
of Commons (1711): account of, 11,
465
Prophet, The (19th century), Amer-
ican Indian chief: mentioned, 23,
416
Proprietary Colony, the colony in
which supreme authority was vested
in a proprietor or proprietaries, who
received a grant of land from the
king in the nature of a feudatory
principality, 23, 114
Propylaea, entrance halls of the
Acropolis: held by Pericles, 2, 255
Proserpine: see Persephone
Prosorovski (late 17th century), Rus-
sian statesman: sent to England
(1687), 15, 2y
Protection: versus free trade, 23, 456;
where favored, 456; loses hold on
South, 457; recommended by con-
vention of manufacturers at Harris-
burg, 472; in respect to raw mate-
rials, 473; retained in tariff revision
(1883), 24, 939; Democratic faction
favors, 963
Protestant Boys, an Irish Presbyte-
rian association in the 18th cen-
tury, 12, 196
Protestant Pope, The: see Clement
XIV, Pope
Protestant Union, The, a confedera-
tion of the Protestants of southern
Germany: formed, 18, 265
Protestants: origin of, 18, 246; de-
clared eligible for all civil and mili-
tary offices in France, 10, 115 note
Providence Plantations: formation of,
23, 94; see also Rhode Island
Provincial List, The, in French his-
tory, a list of names from which
candidates were to be selected, 10,
433
Provisions, Statute of: enacted (1351),
II, 168; reenacted (1390), 183
Provisions of Oxford: see Oxford,
Provisions of
Prussia, a kingdom of central Eu-
rope: basis of, 18, 145; rise of, 17,
240, 18, 317; growth of, 14, 318; in
agreement of the Dardanelles, 14,
437; campaign against, 10, 470; com-
mercial treaty with United States,
23, 347; joins with Russia, 320, 322;
in the War of the Austrian Succes-
sion, 18, 334; joins Triple Alliance
(1788), 360; in Holy Alliance, 14,
411; concludes treaty with Japan,
7, 189
Pruth, river between Austria-Hungary
and Russia: battle of the (171 1),
15, 59
Pruth, Treaty of the, a peace between
Turkey and Russia (171 1), 14, 280,
15, 61, 16, 221
Prynne, William (1600-1669), English
Puritan politician: opposes Laud, 11,
331; tried before the Star Chamber,
333
Prytames, a division of the Athenian
year: in Athenian constitution, 2,
147
Psammetikhos (Psamtik) I (7th cen-
tury B. C), King of Egypt: reign
of, 1, 31; employs Greek merce-
naries, 2, 87
Psammetikhos II (6th century B. C),
King of Egypt, 594-588 B. C: reign
of, 1, 32; defeated by Cambyses, 2,
127
Psammetikhos III (d. 525 B. C),
King of Egypt: reign of, 1, 32
Pskov, Russia: defended by Shereme-
tiev, 15, 41
Psyttaleia, Island off the coast of
Greece: mentioned, 2, 201
Ptolemaeus Ceraunus (3rd century B.
G), Egyptian prince: seizes Mace-
donian throne, 2, 515
Ptolemaeus Claudius (ca. 105-160 A.
D.), Greek geographer of Egyptian
birth: his theory of the extent of
572
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Asia, 23, 23; his knowledge of Af-
rica, 19, 9
Ptolemaeus I (Sotor or Lagi), Greek
King of Egypt, 323-283 B. C: reign
of, 1, 31; shares Alexander's em-
pire, 2, 512
Ptolemaeus II (Ptolemy Philadelphia)
(309-247 B. C.)> Egyptian King of
Greek blood: orders translation of
historical works into Greek, 1, 10;
reign of, 34
Ptolemaeus III (Euergetes), King of
Egypt, 247-222 B. C.: reign of, X,
34
Ptolemaeus IV (Philopator), King of
Egypt, 222-205 B. C.: reign of, I,
34
Ptolemaeus V (Epiphanes), King of
Egypt, 205-181 B. C: at war with
Antiochus of Syria, 1, 404; war with
Macedon, 3, 139
Ptolemaeus VII (Philometer), King
of Egypt, 181-146 B. C.: reign of,
1, 34
Ptolemaeus XII (Alexander II), King
of Egypt, 81-80 B. C. : reign of, I,
34
Ptolemaeus XIII (Auletes), King of
Egypt, 81-51 B. C. : deposed and
restored, 3, 277
Ptolemaeus XIV (Dionysius) (61-48
B. C.)i consort of Cleopatra and
King of Egypt, 51-48 B. C: reign
of, 1, 34, 3, 351
Ptolemaeus XVI: see Caesarion
Ptolemy: see Ptolemaeus
P'u Chun (b. 1891), Chinese prince:
nominated heir-apparent, 6, 295
Public Debt, United States: payment
f, 23, 348; in Republican platform
(1868), 24, 858; Grant urges sound
money payment of, 861
Public Good, League of the, a union
of the nobles of France against
Louis XI (1465): account of, 9,
122
Public Lands, in the United States:
Foote's resolution affecting sale of,
23, 489; proceeds from sales dis-
tributed among States, 24, 529
Public Office: views of Adams on po-
litical removals from, 23, 475; eligi-
bility restrictions removed, 480; in-
creased number made elective, 480;
clamor for, at Jackson's accession,
481; Jackson's "spoils system," 481;
see also Civil Service Reform
Public Schools: see Schools, Public
and Education
Publilian Law, a law granting an as-
sembly to the Plebs, passed (471 B.
C.) : account of, 3, 43
Publilius, Volero, Roman statesman,
tribune of the people, 472 B. C:
establishes the comitia tributa, 3,
43
Pucelle, La: see Jeanne d'Arc
Puebla, Mexico: siege of (1847), 22,
372; battles of (1862), 384; (1863),
387; (1867), 398
Pueblo Indians, North American
tribe: description, 23, 10; famous
for their jewelry and wood-carving,
14; pottery among, 15; skillful in
textile work, 15
Puente, South America: battle of
(1816), ai, 65
Puerto Cabello, South America: taken
by the revolutionists (1823), 21,
73
Puerto Carrero, Hernandez de (16th
century), Spanish adventurer: joins
Cortez, 22, 10
Puerto Rico: see Porto Rico
Pufendorf, Samuel von (1 632-1 694),
German jurist: his estimate of the
Holy Roman Empire, 18, 297
Puga, Vasco de (16th century), Span-
ish statesman: appointed to the
government of Mexico, 22, 126
Pugatchev, Emelian (1726-1775), a
Cossack rebel and impostor; ac-
count of rebellion, 14, 338, 344, 15,
166; execution of, 15, 170
Pugh, George E. (19th century),
American statesman: resents atti-
tude of Southern Democrats, 24,
679
Puiraveau (19th century), French
statesman: his relation to the revo-
lution of 1830, 9, 391
Puisaye, Joseph Genevieve, Marquis
de (1754-1827), a French royalist
general; joins allied forces, 9, 294;
GENERAL INDEX
573
his conduct in the Vendean War,
10, 350
Pu-lan-tien, Manchuria, China: cap-
tured by the Japanese, 7, 310
Pulaski, Count Casimir (1 747-1 779),
Polish officer: his services to Amer-
ica, 23, 269; death, 272
Pulgar, Venancio (19th century),
South American insurgent: leads
rebellion, 21, 102
Pulicat, India: settled, 5, 154
Pullman Car Strike, in the United
States, 24, 1002
Pullus, Lucius Junius, Roman consul,
249 B. C: commands Roman fleet,
3, 104
Pultava: see Poltava
Pulteney, William, Earl of Bath
(1682-1764), English politician: leads
Parliamentary faction, 11, 478; cre-
ated Earl of Bath, 484
Pultowa: see Poltava
Pultusk, Russian Poland: battle of
(1806), 9, 329
Punic War, the First (264-241 B. C.) :
causes, 3, 99; battle of Mylae (260
B. C.) 101; Regulus invades Africa,
101; battle of Panormus (251 B. C.)
103; Lilybaeum captured (249 B. C),
103; Hamilcar Barca in Sicily, 104;
results, 105
Punic War, The Second (218-201 B.
C.) : causes, 3, 111; Hannibal invades
Italy, 114; battle of Trasimene (217
B. C), 118; battle of Cannae (216
B. C), 120; Syracuse taken by Mar-
cellus (212 B. C), 124; battles of
Metaurus (207 B. C), 128; Zama
(202 B. C), 130; terms of peace, 130
Punic War, The Third (149-146 B. C):
causes, 3, 163; Carthage destroyed
(146 B. C), 165; results, 165
Punitz, Prussia: battle of (1704), 16,
217
Punjab, India: conquest of, by Darius,
1, 165; annexed to British posses-
sions, 5, 226; Land Alienation Act
in the, 5, 282
Punjab Wars: see Sikh Wars
Puno, South America: supports Vi-
vanco, 21, 196
Punta Arenas, South America: growth
of, 21, 242
Purana, The Vishnu, a division of
Hindu sacred literature: description
of, 5, 83
Pure Food Law, National: see Na-
tional Pure Food Law
"Puritan," American war-ship: placed
in commission, 24, 1008
Puritans, English and American re-
ligious sect: founded, II, 301; be-
liefs of, 286; strength of, in Eng-
land, 23, 64; bigotry of, in Maryland,
72; withdraw from Church of Eng-
land, 83; in Portsmouth, 95; end of
absolute dominion of, 101; perse-
cuted in Virginia, 149
Purry, John (early 16th century),
Swiss colonist: sketch of, 20, 112
Purrysburg, between Carolina and
Georgia: founded, 20, 112
Pursley (early 19th century), Amer-
ican traveler: explorations of, 20,
130
Purtsi, Sweden: battle of (1700), 15,
39
Pusey, Edward Bouverie (1800-1882),
English clergyman: teachings of,
11, 611
Pushkin, Alexander Sergeivitch (1799-
1837), Russian poet: his story of
Mazeppa, 15, 47; collecting mate-
rial for his history, 171; his praise
of the Crimea, 183; sketch of, 203,
269; in the plot of the Dekabrists,
272
Putnam, Israel, an American general
of the Revolution: born at Salem,
Massachusetts, January 7, 1718; in
1739 he married and moved to
Pomfret, Connecticut; distinguished
himself in the French war, was cap-
tured by the Indians near Ticon-
deroga, 1758, and was only saved
from being burned alive by a French
officer; served at battle of Bunker
Hill and for his bravery and skill
was made a major-general in 1775;
was appointed commander of the
army of the Highlands in New
York, 1777; superintended the con-
574
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
struction of the fortifications at
West Point; died at Brooklyn,
Conn., May 19, 1790
Serves in expedition against Ti-
conderoga, 23, 189; joins troops at
Boston, 228; appointed major-gen-
eral, 231; in battle of Long Island,
243
Putnam, Rufus (1738-1824), American
general: organizes Ohio Company,
23, 318; plans government for
Northwest Territory, 318
Puttkamer, Robert Victor von (late
19th century), German explorer: his
mission to the Niger, 19, 157
Puy (early 19th century), Spanish sol-
dier: sketch of, 21, 62
Puyredon (early 19th century), South
American statesman: holds supreme
power in the republic of La Plata,
91, 70
Puzur-Ashur (15th century B. C),
King of Assyria: negotiates with
Babylonia, 1, 78
Pydna, Macedon: taken by Philip, 2,
459; battle of, 2, 519, 3, 150
Pygmalion (Pumelion) (9th century
B. C), King of Tyre: reign of, 1,
123
Pylos, Messenia, Greece: bay of, 2,
17; Athenians at, 301; fighting at,
302
Pym, John (1 584-1643), English
statesman: leader of the popular
party, 11, 327, 336; impeached, 343;
death of, 348
Pyramids, Africa: battle of the (1798),
1, 37, 8, 483, 9, 309, 10, 409, 11,
549, 14, 380
Pyrenees, mountains between France
and Spain: battles of (1813), 8, 531
Pyrenees, Peace of the, a treaty be-
tween France and Spain (1659), 8,
379, 465, 9, 207, 13, 232
Pyrgi, Italy: captured by Syracusans,
3, 57
Pyrrhus, King of Epirus, son of King
^Eacides and Phthia: born about 318
B. C; was expelled by the Epirotes
at age of seventeen and then joined
the army of Demetrius; distin-
guished himself in battle of Ipsus,
301 B. C; raised a small army, en-
tered Epirus, and obtained the
throne, 295 B. C; in 291 B. C. waged
war against Demetrius; in 287 be-
came King of Macedonia, but soon
lost it to Lysimachus; defeated the
Romans on the river Siris in 280
B. C, and won at Asculum in 279;
remained two years in Sicily and
gained some victories but failed to
conquer the island; renewed war
against the Romans and was de-
feated; retired from Italy to Epirus
in 274 B. C; invaded Macedonia, of
which he soon became master; en-
gaged in war against the Spartans
but was repulsed; killed in battle in
Argos, in 272 B. C.
Becomes king of Epirus, 2, 515;
becomes king of Sicily, 516; forms
alliance with Tarentum, 3, 76; early
history, 76; lands in Italy, 77; leaves
Italy, 79; success in Sicily, 80; death,
80
Pythagoras (582-500 B. C), Greek
philosopher and mathematician: his
theory of a spherical earth, 23, 22
Pytheas (2nd half of 4th century B.
C), a Greek navigator and astrono-
mer: visits Britain, 11, 5; his ac-
count of the north, 16, 3, 297
Pytheas: finds the Germans on the
Baltic Sea, 18, 3
Pythonicus (5th century B. C), Athe-
nian citizen: accuses Alcibiades, 2,
332
Q
Quadi, a German tribe: location of,
18, 6; settled " Deserta Boiorum,"
17, 12; besiege Aquileia, 18, 26; re-
pulsed by the Romans (356 A. D.),
17, 15
Quadratus (2nd century A. D.), an
early Christian bishop: attempts to
convert Hadrian to Christianity, 4,
92
Quadruple Alliances:
1718. A league against Spain form-
ed by Great Britain, France, Aus-
tria, and the Netherlands, 8, 406,
9, 228, 11, 472, 13, 253, 18, 320
1834. A league formed against the
usurper Don Miguel of Portugal
and Don Carlos of Spain, 8, 497,
9, 403
Quakers, a religious sect: visit Peter
the Great in England, 15, 34; at-
tracted to Maryland, 23, "]2\ perse-
cutions of, in Salem colony, 90; per-
secution of, prohibited, 99; purchase
New Jersey, 109; characteristics of,
no; oppose slavery in Pennsylvania,
130; persecuted in New England,
147; not given suffrage in Massa-
chusetts or Plymouth, 148; not tol-
erated in New York, 148; perse-
cuted in Virginia, 149; petition Con-
gress against slavery, 34, 572
Quarantine Law, National: see Na-
tional Quarantine Law
Quartering Act, a law compelling Mas-
sachusetts towns to furnish quarters
for British troops (1774): passed,
23, 221
Quasdanovitch (late 18th century), an
Austrian soldier: his campaign
against the French, 9, 299
Quatre Bras, Belgium: battle (1815),
8, 487, 532, 9, 362, II, 568, 13, 287,
18, 389
Quebec, Canada, called The Gibraltar
of The New World: founded, 20,
63, 82, 23, 50; slow growth of, 23,
51; plan to capture, 158; in French
claims, 168; taken by the English
(1759), 9, 246, 11, 500, 20, 118, 23,
193; French attempt to recapture,
197; attacked by Montgomery and
Arnold, 235; meeting of the Joint
High Commission, 24, 1021
Quebec, Hero of: see Wolfe, James
Quebec, Province of, a province of
the Dominion of Canada: created,
20, 167; election of 1878, 171; elec-
tion of 1891, 172; election of 1896,
173
Quebec Act, a parliamentary measure
designed to prevent Quebec from
uniting with the other colonies
(1774): passed, 20, 151, 23, 221
Quebec Convention, The, a conven-
tion to consider the union of the
Canadian provinces (1864), 20, 165
Quedlinburg, Prussia: founded, 18,
106
Queen, Nine Days': see Grey, Lady
Jane
Queen, The Merchant: see Venice
Queen, The Ocean's: see England
Queen, The Snow: see Christina,
Queen of Sweden
Queen, The White: see Mary Queen
of Scots
Queen Anne's War, a war in the
United States against the French
and Indians (1702-1713): origin,
23, 160; Indians attack Deerfield,
160; Port Royal taken by English,
161; failure of expedition on Quebec,
162; Treaty of Utrecht and terms,
162
Queen Dick: see Cromwell, Richard
Queen Elizabeth's Forehead, a part
575
576
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
of the coast of North America, dis-
covered by Frobisher in 1576:
named, 16, 301
Queen of Hearts, The: see Elizabeth,
Queen of Bohemia
Queen of Tears, The: see Mary of
Modena, wife of James II of Eng-
land
Queen of the Adriatic, The: see Ven-
ice
Queen of the Antilles, The: see Cuba
Queen of the Eastern Archipelago,
The: see Java
Queen of the Euxine, The: see Sebas-
topol
Queen of the Mediterranean, The: see
Carthage
Queen of the Mississippi Valley, The:
see St. Louis
Queen of the North, The: see Edin-
burgh
Queen of the Northern Seas, The: see
Elizabeth, Queen of England
Queen of the Sea, The: see Tyre
Queensberry, Duke of (early 18th cen-
tury), an English statesman: pro-
motes union of Scotland and Eng-
land, 12, 356
Queensland, a British colony in Aus-
tralia: created, 20, 196; ratifies the
new Constitution (1899), 206
Queenston (Queenstown), Ontario,
Canada: battle of (1812), 20, 154,
23, 421
Queretaro, Mexico: description of, 22,
396
Quesada, Gonzales Ximenes de (ca.
1498-1576), the conqueror of New
Granada: explorations of, 21, 21
Quesnay, Frangois (1 694-1 774), a
French political economist and phy-
sician: sketch of, 10, 14
Quesnoy (early 17th century), a Flem-
ish architect: sketch of, 13, 220
Questors, Roman civil officers: made
state officers, 3, 31
Quetta, Baluchistan, Africa: sold to
the English, 19, 36
Quetzalcoath (Quetzalcohuatl), a
Mexican god, 23, 39
Quetzaltenango, Guatemala, Central
America: battle of (1524), 22, 429
Queue: probable origin of, 6, 45;
abolishment of, proposed, 291
Quia Emptores, a statute of Edward
I forbidding subinfeudation in Eng-
land (1290), 11, 145
Quiberon, France: descent upon, by
the English and the emigrants, 10,
35i
Quiberon Bay, a small arm of the
Bay of Biscay: battle of (1759), II,
501
Quieroz, Eusebio de (19th century),
Brazilian minister: his efforts
against slave trade, 21, 248
Quinctius, Lucius (1st century B. C),
a Roman statesman: supports
measures proposed against the pi-
rates, 3, 270
Quincy, Josiah (I744-I775), an Amer-
ican lawyer and patriot: defends
soldiers accused of Boston Mas-
sacre, 23, 217
Quincy, Josiah (1772-1864), an Amer-
ican statesman: condemns War of
1812, 23, 431; quoted, 459; suggests
secession, 24, 568
Quinette (early 19th century), a
French statesman: member of pro-
visional government, 9, 365
Quinones (d. 1521), a Mexican sol-
dier: sent as ambassador to Spain,
22, 63
Quinsan: see Kunshan
Quintana, Miguel (d. 1906), President
of Argentine Republic, 1904-1906:
his presidency, 21, 257
Quinze-vingts, a faction in the French
Revolution: threaten insurrections
unless the king is dethroned, 10,
189
Quirites, citizens of ancient Rome:
origin of name, 3, 14
Quiroga (d. 1835), Argentine insur-
gent officer: opposes Rivodavia, 21,
121; death of, 124
Quiroga, General (19th century),
Spanish insurgent: mentioned, 8,
492
Quiroga, Vasso de (16th century),
Spanish diplomat: made member of
the audiencia, 22, 107
Quitman, John Anthony (1799-1858),
GENERAL INDEX
577
an American politician and general:
in the Mexican War, 22, 334; favors
secession of the South, 24, 611;
plans invasion of Cuba, 643
Quito, Ecuador: destroyed by the
Spaniards (1533), 31, 21; battle of
(1546), 27; made part of New Gra-
nada, 20, 104; rebels against Spain
(1809), 21, ss; description of, 106;
insurrection in (1864), 114
Quivara, a fictitious country north of
Mexico: search for, 22, 112
Quo Warranto, Writ of, writs issued
by England in order to bring the
American colonies more directly un-
der royal control; used, 23, 115
R
Raab, Austria-Hungary: battle of
(1809), 9, 336, 17, 336; taken by
Windischgratz (1848), 15, 302, 17,
371
Raamses: see Zoan
Rabah (19th century), African soldier:
conquests of, 19, 167
Rabaud-Saint-Etienne (18th century),
French Protestant minister: speaks
in behalf of Louis XVI, 9, 281
Raby, Germany: siege of (1420), 18,
208
Rachis, King of Italy, 8th century
A. D.: reign of, 4, 172
Raco, Turkey: taken by Sigis-
mund, 14, 40
Radagaesus (Radagast) (d. 406 A. D.),
leader of army of Vandals and other
tribes: invades Italy, 4, 138, 18, 38
Radagast: see Radagaesus
Radbod (Ratbod) (d. 179 A. D.), King
of the Frisons: power of, 13, 14
Radbod (Ratbod) King of the Pri-
sons, 697-719 A. D.: power of, 13,
14; his campaign against Karl Mar-
tel, 18, 70
Radcliffe, Charles (18th century),
Scotch rebel under the " Young Pre-
tender": death of, 12, 369
Radetzky, Joseph Wenzel, Count
(1766-1858), Austrian field-marshal:
his campaign in Bohemia, 17, 307;
in Italy, 17, 367, 18, 402
Radhi, Mohammedan caliph, 934-940
A. D.: reign of, 1, 365
Radistchev (d. 1802), Russian official:
account of, 15, 195
Radulf (7th century A. D.), Duke of
Thuringia: defeats the Franks, 18,
66
Radziwill, Prince (19th century), Pol-
ish commander: his campaign
against Russia, 15, 222; in the Pol-
ish insurrection, 293
Rae, John (1813-1893), British trav-
eler: explorations of, 16, 309
Raffles, Thomas Stamford (1781-
1826), English naturalist and admin-
istrator: administers Java, 5, 205;
takes possession of Singapore, 20,
251; English governor of the
Dutch East Indies, 290
Ragatz, Switzerland: battle of (1446),
13, 402
Raghib Pasha (d. 1763), Grand Vizier
of Turkey: account of, 14, 318
Raghuba (18th century), Indian poli-
tician: claims Maratha throne, 5,
136, 192
Raghuji Bhonsla (18th century), In-
dian soldier: invades Bengal, 5, 133
Raghu-vansa, Indian god: description
of, 5, 53
Raginfried (Regenfried) (8th century
A. D.), Mayor of the Palace: acces-
sion of, 9, 36; his campaign against
Karl Martel, 18, 70
Raglan, Fitzroy James Henry Som-
erset, Baron (1788-1855), British
soldier, called The Invisible Com-
mander: in the Crimean War, 9,
447, 11, 615, 14, 452, 15, 311; death
of, 14, 459, 15, 321
Ragnachar (d. 509 A. D.), Chief of
Therouanne: death of, 9, 21
Ragnar Lodbrok: see Regner Lodbrog
Ragusa, Austria-Hungary: siege of
(1813), 17, 309
Ragwald Jarl (10th century A. D.),
Swedish statesman: won to the
cause of peace, 16, 59
Rahn, Johann Heinrich (1646-1708),
Swiss historian: sketch of, 13, 482
Rai Sanyo (19th century), Japanese
writer: influence of, 7, 160
Rail Splitter, The: see Lincoln, Abra-
ham
Railroads (Railways) : opposed by Lit-
578
GENERAL INDEX
579
erati in China, 6, 243; destruction
of, in China, 244; foreign construc-
tion of, in China, 275; attacks on
employees of, in China, 299; the Si-
berian Railroad, 308; in Russo-Jap-
anese Treaty, 314; in Treaty be-
tween Japan and Turkey, 315; con-
cessions sought by foreigners in
China, 318, 319; early construction
in the United States, 23, 480; effect
on settlement of western United
States, 24, 985; Supreme Court de-
cision respecting merger, 972;
Roosevelt discusses abuses of, 1075;
in Switzerland pass into the control
of the government, 13, 576
Railway Rate Regulation Bill, an act
passed by the United States Con-
gress (1906), 24, 1082
Rainucci (16th century), Prince of
Parma: claims throne of Portugal,
8, 448
Rajputs (Kshattrigas), a caste of In-
dia: rise of, 5, 43
Rakoczy, Francis (1676-1735), Prince
of Transylvania: career of, 17, 232
Rakoczy, George (17th century),
Prince of Transylvania: put at the
head of the comitats of the north
of Transylvania, 17, 226; elected,
227; reign of, 227
Rakoczy, Sigismund (17th century),
Prince of Transylvania: elected, 17,
224
Rakos, Diet of (1444), 17, 159
Raleigh, Sir Walter, English navigator,
author, courtier, and commander:
born at Hayes, Devonshire, Eng-
land, in 1552; studied for a short
time at Oriel College, Oxford, and
in 1569 joined a company of volun-
teers and fought in behalf of the
Huguenots in France; served with
distinction against the Irish insur-
gents, 1580; presented himself at
court, 1582, and obtained the favor
of Elizabeth; in 1584 obtained a
royal patent investing him with am-
ple powers to colonize and govern
any territories he might acquire in
the unoccupied parts of North
America; an exploring party in his
service discovered, in 1584, a re-
gion to which the queen gave the
name of Virginia; sent out in 1585
a body of colonists who unsuccess-
fully attempted to settle on or near
Roanoke Island; renewed the enter-
prise in 1587 but this colony did not
prosper; in 1589 transferred his pat-
ent and colonial privileges to a com-
pany of merchants; the introduc-
tion of tobacco and potatoes into
Europe is attributed to him; in 1592,
married Elizabeth Throgmorton,
one of the queen's maids, for which
he was imprisoned for two months
in the Tower of London; forbidden
to be present at court he sailed from
Plymouth, February, 1595, explored
the coasts of Guiana and ascended
the Orinoco River returning to Eng-
land before the end of 1595; was re-
stored to royal favor soon after his
return and served as rear-admiral
at the capture of Cadiz, 1596; ap-
pointed Captain of the Guard and
Governor of Jersey, 1597; accused
of complicity in Lord Cobham's trea-
son, was arrested in July, 1602, and
convicted without sufficient proof;
was reprieved and confined in the
Tower where he remained thirteen
years and wrote his chief work, " His-
tory of the World "; in 1615 obtained
his release by bribery and by an
offer to open a mine of gold in
Guiana; conducted a fleet of thirteen
vessels to Guiana in 1617 and sent
an exploring party up the Orinoco,
where his son was killed at Saint
Thomas in a fight with a body of
Spaniards; was forced to return to
England where he arrived July,i6i8;
was soon after arrested, and im-
prisoned for his conduct in Guiana;
it having been decided by the judges
that the sentence of death passed
in 1603 was still valid he was exe-
cuted at the palace yard, Westmin-
ster, October 29, 1618
Holds a monopoly of wine in
England, 20, 102; receives royal
patent, 52; his attempts at coloniza-
580
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
tion, 23, 53; his expeditions to
America, 20, 84; lives in Ireland,
12, 93; his expedition to South Amer-
ica, 30, 58, 31, 30; at the capture
of Cadiz (1596), 11, 298; accused
of treason, 307; his expedition to
the Wild Coast, 20, 87; death of, II,
312, 21, 31, 23, 54
Ralli (ca. 1890), Greek politician: in
modern politics of Greece, 2, 548
Ralph de Diceto (d. 1283), English
historian: sketch of, 1 1, 116
Ralph Warder (nth century), Earl of
Norfolk: leads revolt of the earls,
11, 78
Ram Mohan Rai, Raja, Indian religious
reformer: teaching of, 5, 87
Ramabai, Pandita (living), a native
missionary in India: her work for
Hindu widows, 5, 272
Ramanand (14th century), religious
teacher of India: teachings of, 5,
84
Ramanuja (12th century), reformer of
India, 5. 83
Ramayana, Indian epic, 5, 26, 52
Rambouillet Decree, a decree issued
by Napoleon against the United
States (1810): issued, 23, 415
Ramessu I: see Ramses I
Ramillies (Ramilies), Belgium: battle
of (1706), 8, 397, 9, 222, 11, 456, 13,
250, 16, 218, 18, 314
Ramirez, Juan (19th century), South
American general: rebellion of, 21,
119
Ramiro I, King of Aragon, 1035-1065:
accession of, 8, 140; invades Na-
varre, 200; reign of, 231
Ramiro (II) the Monk, King of Ara-
gon, 1134-1137: accession of, 8, 202;
reign of, 235
Ramiro I, King of Asturias and Leon,
842-850 A. D.: reign of, 8, 133
Ramiro II (d. 950 A. D.), King of
Asturias and Leon, 930-950 A. D. :
reign of, 8, 136
Ramiro III, King of Asturias and
Leon, 967-983 A. D.: reign of, 8,
137
Ramnes: ancient name of Romans, 3,
9
Ramon, Domingo (18th century), cap-
tain of the Spaniards in Texas, 22,
188
Ramsay, James Andrew Brown, Earl
of Dalhousie: see Dalhousie, James
Andrew Brown, Earl of
Ramses (Ramessu) I, King of Egypt,
ca. 1365-ca. 1355 B. C: reign of,
i, 25
Ramses II (Miamun I) King of
Egypt, ca. 1345-ca. 1285 B. C: reign
of, 1, 26; at war with the Hittites,
142
Ramses (Rhampsinitos) III, King of
Egypt, ca. 1200-1179 B. C: reign of,
1, 28
Ramses IV, King of Egypt, 12th cen-
tury B. C: reign of, 1, 29
Rand (d. 1897), English sanitary com-
missioner in India: murder of, 5,
283
Randall, Samuel Jackson (1828-1890),
American statesman: Speaker of the
House, 24, 914; leader of protective
tariff Democrats, 963
Randolf, Earl of Moray: see Moray,
Randolf, Earl of
Randolph, Edmund (d. 1813), Amer-
ican statesman: his plan proposed
to Constitutional Convention, 23,
325; quoted on the determination
of the members of the Constitu-
tional Convention, 333; refuses to
sign the Constitution, 334; favors
adoption of Constitution, 336; made
Attorney-General, 344
Randolph, Edward (17th century),
English statesman: sent to enforce
Navigation Acts, 23, 99
Randolph, John, of Roanoke, Amer-
ican statesman, born at Cawsons,
Chesterfield Co., Virginia, June 2,
l 773\ studied law at Princeton and
Columbia Colleges; elected to Con-
gress as a Democrat in 1799; re-
elected with the exception of two
terms until 1825; chairman of com-
mittee of ways and means, 1801;
chief manager of the impeachment
of Judge Chase, 1804; prominent as
champion of State-rights and as a
partisan of Jefferson's administra-
GENERAL INDEX
581
tion until 1806; opposed the elec-
tion of Madison and the War of
1812; defeated in election of 1813,
but again elected, 1814; opposed the
Missouri Compromise; visited Eng-
land, 1822 and 1824; in United States
Senate, 1825-1827; had a duel with
Henry Clay, April 8, 1826; supported
Jackson in the election of 1828; ap-
pointed minister to Russia, 1830; but
spent most of his time in London,
returning, 1831; again elected to
Congress, 1832; died in Philadelphia,
June 24, 1833
Quoted on Jefferson's Embargo
Act, 23, 410; quoted on election of
J. Q. Adams as President, 465; on
"tariff of abominations," 473; op-
poses slave trade in District of Co-
lumbia, 24, 570; quoted on South-
ern fear of negro uprisings, 587
Randolph, Peyton (1723-1775), Amer-
ican jurist and statesman: gradu-
ates from College of William and
Mary, 23, 142; delegate to First
Continental Congress, 223; quoted
on slavery in Virginia, 24, 564
Ran jit Singh (Maha Raja) (1780-
1839), East Indian prince: sketch
of, 5, 220
Rantzau, Daniel (d. 1569), Danish gen-
eral: in the Seven Years' War, 16,
162
Rantzau, Count Johan (1492-1565),
German general: defeats Christo-
pher of Oldenburg, 16, 194; his cam-
paign in Ditmarsh, 196
Rantzau, Josias, Count of (1609-
1650), French general: defeated at
battle of Tuttlingen, 9, 199
Rantzau-Ascheberg, Schack Karl,
Count (1717-1792), Danish general:
his relations with Struensee, 16,
241
Ranulf de Glanvile (12th century),
English general: wins battle of Aln-
wick, 11, 108; writes first English
law-book, 115
Raphael Sanstius (Rafaele Sanzio)
(1483-1520), Italian painter: sketch
of, 4, 209
Raphia, Asia Minor: battles of (ca.
205 B. C), 1, 34; (ca. 701 B. C),
84; (217 B. C), 404
Rapidan River, Virginia: in Wilder-
ness campaign, 24, 787
Rapino, northern Europe: battle of
(1701), 15, 42
Rappahannock River, Virginia: cross-
ed by Hooker's army, 24, 771; di-
vision line of Northern and South-
ern armies, 782
Rapperswil, Switzerland: siege of
(1656), 13, 476
Raron, Witschard, Baron von (15th
century), Swiss partisan: invades
Valois, 13, 393
Rastatt (Rastadt), Germany: battle of
(1796), 9, 299
Rastatt, Congress of, held for the pur-
pose of arranging questions at issue
between France and the empire
(1797-1799): account of, 13, 507, 18,
362
Rastatt, Treaty of, peace between
France and Austria (1714), 4, 330,
9, 225, 18, 316
Rastitz (9th century A. D.), King of
the Moravian Slavonians: conspir-
acy of, 18, 96
Rastiz: see Rostislav
Rastopchin: see Rostoptchin
Rastrelli (18th century), Italian ar-
chitect: designs Russian palaces, 15,
149
Ra-talf: see Tat-ef-Ra
Ratbert of Zurich (9th century A. D.),
Swiss historian: sketch of, 13, 343
Ratisbon, Germany: battle of (1809),
9, 335, I7 298; see also Regens-
burg
Ratisbon, Diets of:
1630-1631. A council held by the
Emperor of Germany and the
King of France, 9, 187, 190, 18,
277
1640. A council called by Ferdi-
nand III of Germany, 18, 291
Ratisbon, Truce of, a treaty between
France, Germany, and Holland
(1683): account of, 9, 212
Rauraci, Gallic tribe: join migration
of Helvetii, 3, 301
Rausimond (4th century A. D.), King
582
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
of the Sarmatians: leads his people
to the lower Danube, 17, 15
Rautifeld, Switzerland: battle of
(1352), 13, 376
Ravaillac, Francis (1578-1610), French
fanatic: assassinates Henry IV of
France, 9, 176
Raven Knight, The: see Hunyadi,
John
Ravenna, Italy: siege of (491-493 A.
D.), 2, 532, 4, 156: battle of (1512),
4, 293, 9, 134
Rawdon, Lord: see Hastings, Francis
Rawdon-Hastings, Marquis of
Rawlinson, Sir Henry Creswicke
(1810-1895), English Orientalist:
sketch of, 5, 217
Rayas, Servian leaders: massacre of,
14, 389
Rayevski (early 19th century), Rus-
sian commander: aids Dokhtorov
15, 244
Raymond, Mississippi: battle at
(1863), 24, 776
Raymond IV (Raymond de Saint-
Gilles) (1045-1 105), Count of Tou-
louse: leads Crusade, 9, 70
Raymond VI (1 156-1222), Count of
Toulouse: favors the reformers, 9,
77
Raymond VII (d. 1249), Count of
Toulouse: continues the war against
the Pope, 9, 78
Raymond Roger (d. 1208), Viscount
of Beziers: favors the reformers,
9, 77
Raymundo I (d. 1017), Count of Bar-
celona: reign of, 8, 225
Raymundo II (d. 1077), Count of Bar-
celona: reign of, 8, 226
Raymundo (III) the Hairy (nth cen-
tury), Count of Barcelona: reign
of, 8, 226
Raymundo IV (d. 1131), Count of
Barcelona: reign of, 8, 227
Raymundo (Raymond) V (d. 1162),
Count of Barcelona: concludes
treaty with Alfonso VII of Leon,
8, 145; at war with Navarre, 202,
203; reign of, 228; becomes king of
Aragon, 229, 235
Rayon (early 19th century), Mexican
insurgent: left in command of Sal-
tillo, 22, 240
Razuja, Queen of Delhi, 1236-1240:
reign of, 5, 97
Razumovski, Count Alexis (late 18th
century), Russian politician: plots
for Catherine, 15, 155
Razumovski, Cyril (18th century),
Cossack leader: his quarrel with
Apraxin, 15, 145; plots for Cathe-
rine, 155
Read, George (i733~i798), American
patriot: delegate to first Continental
Congress, 23, 223
Reading, England: siege of (1643), 11,
345
Reading, Pennsylvania: riots at, dur-
ing railroad strikes, 24, 919
Reagan, John Henninger (late 19th
century), American statesman: Con-
federate Postmaster-General, 24,
694: fathers bill for regulating
freight charges, 956
Realm of St. Stephen, The: see Hun-
gary
Reay, Lord Donald James Mackay
(1839 ), Anglo-Indian states-
man: recalled from Bombay, 5, 273
Rebellion of 1641, The, in Ireland: ac-
count of, 12, 114
Rebellion of 1798, The, in Ireland: ac-
count of, 12, 209
Rebellions: see Revolutions
Rebmann (19th century), African ex-
plorer: explorations of, 19, 53;
arouses an interest in Africa, 59
Recared I (d. 601 A. D.), King of the
Goths, 586-601 A. D.: his campaign
in Gaul, 8, 42; reign of, 43
Recared II, King of the Goths, 621 A.
D. : reign of, 8, 44
Receswind, King of the Goths, 653-
672 A. D.: reign of, 8, 44
Rechabites, Jewish religious sect: de-
scription of, 1, 391
Recif, South America: founded, 20,
105
Recio, Lope (late 19th century), Cu-
ban statesman: chosen governor of
Puerto Principe, 22, 468
GENERAL INDEX
583
Recognition, System of, the original
jury system in England: established
by Henry II, n, 103
Reconstruction, in American history,
the re-admitting of the Southern
Confederate States to the Union
after the Civil War: Lincoln's plan,
24, 833; Wade-Davis Bill, 837; de-
bate in Congress, 843; first Act of,
passed (1866), 846; denounced in
Democratic platform (1868), 860;
aftermath in Grant's administration,
863; effects in South, 864; mistakes
of, summarized, 874
Red Cross League, a league by which
the European powers bound them-
selves to improve the condition of
soldiers wounded in battle: formed
(1864), 13, 562
Red King, The: see William (II) Ru-
fus, King of England; also Otto II,
Holy Roman Emperor
Red River, a river of the United
States: as Florida boundary, 23,
445
Red Stockings, The Little Man in:
see Leopold I, Holy Roman Em-
peror
Redcliffe, Lord Stratford de: see Can-
ning, Stratford
Reding, Alois (1755-1818), a Swiss
officer: in the war against France,
. 13, 514
Reding, Ital (early 15th century), a
Swiss statesman: sketch of, 13, 398
Redmond, John (1851 ), an Irish
political leader: assumes leadership
of Home Rule party, 12, 242
Reduction, the right to " draw back "
lands under the royal power:
Charles XIV granted the right of,
16, 212
Reed, Thomas Brackett (1839-1902),
an American politician: enters Con-
gress, 34, 916; chosen Speaker of
House, 969; his war on dilatory mo-
tions in House, 969; candidate for
Presidential nomination (1896), 1012
Reed, Walter (living), United States
army officer: aids in stamping out
yellow-fever in Cuba, 20, 329
Reed, William Brackett (19th century),
American diplomatist: negotiates
treaty between China and the United
States, 24, 919
Referendum, The, a method of legis-
lation by which one town can defeat
an objectionable measure: in Rhode
Island charter, 23, 94; introduced
during the Jacksonian epoch, 481; in
Kansas election, 24, 662
Reform Bill, in English history, bills
for enlarging the number of voters
in elections for members of the
House of Commons (1831), 11, 587;
(1868), 625
Reform Pope, The: see Calvin, John
Reformation, The, a religious move-
ment of the 16th century, which
led to the establishment of Protes-
tantism: in Austria, 17, 177; in Den-
mark, 16, 190, 203; in Germany,
18, 233; in the Netherlands, 8,
356, 13, 54; in Norway, 16, 196;
in Poland, 15, 380; in Scotland, 12,
311; in Sweden, 16, 155; in Switzer-
land, 13, 431
Reformation, The Michael Angelo of
the: see Luther, Martin
Reformation, The Morning Star of:
see Wycliffe, John
Reformed Church: see Calvinists
Regenfried: see Raginfried
Regensburg (Ratisbon), Peace of, a
peace between Austria and the For-
est States (i3S5), 13, 378
Regent, The Good: see Murray, James
Stewart, Earl of
Reggio (Rhegium), Italy: battle of
(i860), 4, 379
Regiment-du-roi, a regiment in the
French Revolution: revolt of, 10,
125
Reglament, regulations of the church,
embodied by Peter the Great: Eng-
lish influence on, 15, 35; composi-
tion of, 72; publication of, 73
Regner Lodbrog (Ragnar Lodbrok),
a legendary King of Denmark, 9th
century A. D.: the legend of, 16,
19
Regnier, Jean Louis Ebenezer (1771-
1814), a French general: commands
the Saxons, 15, 256
584
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Regnier of Anjou (close of 14th cen-
tury), an Italian prince: claims
throne of Naples, 4, 262
Regula, Saint (4th century A. D.), a
Christian martyr in Switzerland:
death of, 13, 334
Regulating Act, a statute of the Eng-
lish Parliament (1773): passed, 5,
190, 11, 526, 23, 220; impossible of
enforcement in Massachusetts, 23,
226
Regulus, Gaius Atilius (d. 225? B. C),
a Roman consul: at battle of Tela-
mon, 3, 109
Regulus, Marcus Atillius, a Roman
general, distinguished in the first
Punic war; consul first time in 267
B. C. and second time in 256
B. C; gained a naval victory over
the Carthaginians; having invaded
Africa, he defeated the enemy and
advanced nearly to Carthage; he
was defeated and taken prisoner in
255; he was sent to Rome to nego-
tiate a peace, on condition that he
should return if the Roman senate
should reject their terms; advised
the Senate not to make peace; re-
turned to Carthage, and died a vic-
tim to the cruelty of his captors
Defeated by Samnites, 3, 72; joins
fleet for invasion of Africa, 101
Rehnskiold, Carl Gustaf, Count of
(1651-1722), a Swedish general: at
the battle of Franstadt, 16, 217; at
Poltava, 15, 54, 16, 220
Rehoboam, King of Judah, 975-858 B.
C: reign of, 1, 389
Reichenbach, Convention of, a conven-
tion which settled the terms of the
peace between Austria and Turkey
(1790), 10, 133, 14, 360, 17, 276
Reichenbach, Treaty of, a treaty of
peace between Austria, Russia, and
Prussia (1813), 17, 307
Reichshofen, Battle of: see Woerth
Reichsrath, The, a governmental body
in Austria (1867): description of
17, 400
Reid, Whitelaw (1837 ), an Ameri-
can journalist and statesman: nomi-
nated for Vice-President (1892), 24,
989; member of Spanish- American
peace commission, 1031
Reigen, Emperor of Japan, 1663-1687:
reign of, 7, 132
Reign of Terror, in France: account
of, 9, 285, 10, 265, 11, 542
Reille, Honore Charles Michel Joseph,
Count (1775-1860), a French mar-
shal: at battle of Waterloo, 9, 363
Reims: see Rheims
Reinar von Hagenau (13th century),
an Austrian minnesinger: sketch of,
17, 97
Reinar von Zweter (13th century), an
Austrian minnesinger: sketch of, 17,
97
Reinhard (early 19th century), a Swiss
military leader: commands Swiss
forces, 13, 524
Reinhard, Martin (early 16th century),
a German preacher: preaches in Co-
penhagen, 16, 190
Reinhart, Anna (16th century), the
wife of Ulrich Zwingli: marries
Zwingli, 13, 435
Reinsdorp (18th century), a Russian
local governor: in the Pugatchev in-
surrection, 15, 168
Reis Effendi, The, an office in the
Turkish government: powers of, 14,
369
Religion:
CHRISTIANITY: growth of, in
Egypt, I, 35; in Arabia (7th cen-
tury), 187, 208, 209; attempts to re-
vive it in Africa, 323; becomes the
Roman state religion, 2, 527, 4, 121;
aided by diffusion of Greek culture,
2, 513; established by Constantine,
2, 524, 526, 4. 121; progress of,
2, 527; barbarians accept, 529;
spread of, 538; modern Greece, 550;
its growing importance in the 2nd
century, 4, 97; Edict of Milan (313
A. D.), 118; the Arian heresy, 4
121, 125, 157; apostacy under Julian,
127, 129; growth of papal power, 4,
131, 171, 198, 9, 69, 11, 77, 18, 133;
moulded by Pagan rites, 4, 143;
relics in the 6th century, 167; Icon-
oclastic movement, 4, 169, 13. 95 '
work of Savonarola, 4, 282; the work
GENERAL INDEX
585
of Luther, 4, 300, 17, 150; Papal
Infallibility (1870), 4, 393; prog-
ress of, in China, 6, 38; attitude
of emperor of China toward, 73,
78, 80, 262; agitation against, in
China, 76; murder of native Chi-
nese Christians, 304; introduced in-
to Japan, 7, 105, 20, 96; in Japan
(ca. 1600), 7, 115, 137; Priscillian
heresy, 8, 31; introduced into Spain,
32; in Spain under the Goths, 56;
" Babylonian Captivity " of the
Church, 9, 88, 18, 198; the prag-
matic sanction (1438), 9, 119; re-
ligious liberty decreed in Germany
(IS55), 147; Edict of Nantes (1598),
giving religious freedom to French
Huguenots, 171; doctrines of the
Gallican church (1682), 213; abolition
of Jesuit Order (1764), 247; mon-
astic system, II, 29, 91; Cluniac
reforms, 77; Orders of Friars, 132;
Wycliffe, 172, 173, 188; the Great
Schism (1378), 11, 173, 17, 122; the
Reformation, 11, 244; Protestantism
in England, 249; separation of the
English from the Roman Church,
252, 262; Zwingli's doctrines, 259;
Calvinism, 276; Counter-Reforma-
tion in the Church, 280; Jesuits
(1540), 281; Puritans, 286, 327; Sep-
aratists in England, 301; Calvinism
in England, 326; Dissenters in
England (1662), 383; Wesley, 493;
Catholic emancipation in England,
585; in Ireland, 12, 199; mon-
astic clergy in Ireland, 32; in Scot-
land, 252; the Reformation in Scot-
land, 311; Gomarists and Armin-
ians, 13, 194; Thirty Years' War
between Protestants and Catholics,
13, 203, 462, 17, 204, 18, 268; intro-
duced into Switzerland, 13, 334;
Arian heresy among the Burgun-
dians, 337; Zwingli in Switzerland,
433; Calvin in Switzerland, 448:
17th century theology in Switzer-
land, 483; protection of Christians
in Turkey, 14, 269, 340, 442, 470;
Latin Catholicism and Greek Or-
thodoxy, 14, 445, 15, 14, 22; mas-
sacre in Syria, 14, 466; revolt of
Christians in Turkey, 474; condi-
tions in Armenia, 497; adopted in
Russia, 15, 8; Greek Church under
Peter of Russia, 73; conversion of
Poles, 18, 120; Reformation in Po-
land, 15, 378; in Scandinavia, 16,
28; its struggles with Paganism in
the north, 56; Church organized in
Scandinavia, 68; Reformation in
Denmark, 195; in early Austro-Hun-
garian territory, 17, 14; affects
Rome's power in Austria-Hungary,
IS; introduced among the Croats
and Servians, 22; progress of, in
Bohemia, 17, 30, 18, 99; progress
of, in Moravia, 17, 30; the Slav
liturgy, 32; adopted by the Croats,
37; among the Magyars, 46; Huss,
17, 119, 18, 202; University of
Prague endorses Huss, 17, 125; the
Hussite Wars, 17, 125; Zika, 17,
127, 18, 207; the Reformation in
Austria-Hungary, 17, 178, 190, 197,
221; suppression of the Jesuits, 260;
Edict of Toleration (1781), in Aus-
tria, 266; Goths accept Arian creed,
18, 32; conversion of Clovis, 47;
of Longobards, 53; of Saxons, 80; si-
mony, 128; influence of the Crusades,
172; religious orders of Knighthood
established, 173; Council of Con-
stance (1414), 204; the Reformation,
in Germany, 233; Zwingli, 246;
growth of Protestantism in Ger-
many, 254; Jesuits banished from
Germany (1773), 351; missions in
Africa, 19, 123, 187, 194; Jesuit mis-
sions in America, 20, 92, 312; intro-
duced in the South Sea Islands,
130; in Madagascar, 279; Jesuits in
Mexico, 22, 203, 23, 39; Christianity
among Spanish Indians, 23, 44;
French attempts to convert Indians,
51; in the American colonies, 67,
71, 139, 145; Pilgrims, 83; religious
freedom granted by Carolina char-
ter, 76; conflict of religions in
Carolina, 78; disputes regarding re-
ligion in Salem colony, 90; freedom
in Rhode Island, 94; conversion of
New England Indians, 97; religious
liberty insured in New York, 105;
as a requirement for civil rights
in Penn's colony, 111
586
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
JUDAISM: in Arabia, I, 203, 204,
208; in Israel, 379, 400
MOHAMMEDANISM: main treat-
ment, 1, 209, 226, 252; relations to
civil law, 14, 89, 99, 135; relations to
other creeds, 104, 105, 471; Sunnites
and Shiites, 122; in Africa, 19, 10, 12
PAGANISM: Egypt, I, 41; As-
syria and Babylonia, 96, 203; Phoeni-
cia, 1, 127, 2, 28; Lydia, 147; Persia,
170, 203, 321; Arabs before Mo-
hammed, 200, 204; Greece, 2, 38,
3, 6; Rome, 3, 6, 240, 394; the Etrus-
cans, 25; Druidism in Britain and
Gaul, 297; Rome under Augustus, 4,
33; cosmopolitan nature at Rome,
104; sun-worship at Emesa, 104;
Rome in the 4th century A. D., 125,
128; its decline at Rome, 133, 138,
142; worship of Odin in Lombardy,
164; primitive races in India, 5, 26,
30, 33; early Aryan beliefs, 37; Rig-
Veda in India, 38; Brahmanism, 43;
Buddhism, 58, 76; Hinduism, 77; na-
ture worship in Hinduism, 79; Siva-
worship in Hinduism, 81; Vishnu-
worship, 83; Zoroastrianism, 2, 121,
122, 5, 316; rise of Babism, 5, 362;
Confucius, 6, 9, 34; Chinese worship
of ancestors, 40; Chinese toleration,
228; Japanese, 7, 3; Buddhism in
Japan, 16, 17, 32, 80; Confucianism
in Japan, 17; the early Celts, 8, 6,
11, 6; in ancient Gaul, 9, 6, 7; of
the Norsemen, 11, 41; in Ireland,
12, 16, 17; in Scandinavia, 16, 5, 9,
36; nature worship of the Slavs, 17,
26; Magyar mythology, 44; German
mythology, 18, 9; Aztec gods, 22,
27, 90; American Indian, 23, 9
Religious Peace, Treaties of, two
treaties between Charles V of Ger-
many and the Protestants (1532),
18, 249, 251; (1555), 259
Rembrandt (Rembrandt Hermanzoon
van Rijn or Ryn) (1 607-1 669), a
Dutch painter: sketch of, 13, 220
Remedios, Mexico: siege of (1817),
22, 250
"Remember the Alamo," the battle
cry of the Texans in the war with
Mexico, 24, 534
Remigius, Saint (5th century) Arch-
bishop of Rheims: baptizes Clovis,
18, 59
Remonstrants (Arminians), Protestant
religious sect: acquire their name,
13, 194
Removals from Office, in United
States government: power granted
to President, 23, 345
Remusat, Count Francois Marie
Charles de (1797-1875), French poli-
tician and writer: opposes the de-
crees of July 25, 1830, 9, 390
Renaissance (Revival of Learning),
name applied to the intellectual and
spiritual movement of the 15th and
1 6th centuries, 2, 538, 4, 279, n,
243, 14, 144, 23, 21
Renaud, Cecile (d. 1794), French revo-
lutionist: her suspicious visit to
Robespierre's house, 10, 300; her
examination and fate, 300
Renault, French partisan: joins con-
spiracy against Venice, 4, 315
Rendon, Senator (19th century),
South American statesman: candi-
date for president of Venezuela, 21,
95
Rene of Anjou (1409-1480), Duke of
Anjou and Lorraine, King of Na-
ples, Jerusalem, and Sicily and Count
of Provence: requests aid from
Charles VII of France, 9, 118; aban-
donment of, by Louis XI of France,
124; defeats Charles the Rash, 9,
124, 13, 48, 409; recovers his land,
18, 218; death of, 9, 125
Rengg, SwitKerland: battle of the
(1802), 13, 518
Rengger, Albrecht (late 18th century),
Swiss patriot: upholds revolutionary
ideas, 13, 503; service of, 514
Renichon, Michael (d. 1594), Belgian
assassin: attempts to assassinate
Maurice of Orange, 13, 161
Reno, Jesse Lee (1825-1862), Ameri-
can general: death of, 24, 765
Reno, Marcus R. (late 19th century),
American general: in expedition
against Sitting Bull, 24, 905
Renselaer, Stephen van: see Van
Renselaer, Stephen
GENERAL INDEX
587
Renunciation, Act of, bill declaring
Ireland's right to be bound only by
the laws made by the king and the
Irish Parliament (1783): account of,
12, 189
Repartimiento, The, an unfair com-
comercial privilege assumed by the
Spanish colonists in South America:
description of, 31, 47; abolition of,
52
Repeal, Act of, bill by which England
renounced authority over Ireland
(1782), 12, 188
Repeal Association, an Irish society
formed with the object of having
the Act of Union repealed (1810),
1 3, 22s
Repnin, Prince Nicholas (1734-1801),
Russian general and statesman: in
Poland, 15, 173; his campaigns in
Turkey, 177, 180, 186
Representation, of the several states of
the United States: settled in Con-
stitutional convention, 23, 328
Representatives, House of: see House
of Representatives
Republican Martyr, The: see Marat,
Jean Paul
Republican Party in America: origin,
33, 356; Jefferson, leader of, 370;
prosecution of, under Sedition Act,
377; rise from old Republican party,
434; division into Democrats and
Whigs, 434; changes ground with
Federalists on bank question, 439;
becomes Federalistic, 459; national
party formed, 24, 519; organized,
644; convention at Pittsburg, 653;
denounces Dred Scott decision, 660;
gains ground in North, 671; national
convention at Chicago (i860), 680;
divided on Emancipation Proclama-
tion, 768; convention at Chicago
(1868), 857; Reconstruction in
South, 865; division of radical and
conservative in South, 873; liberal
Republican movement formed, 889;
convention at Philadelphia (1872),
892; convention at Cincinnati (1876),
906; convention of 1880, 925; loses
vote of South, 932; supports Civil
Service Reform Bill, 937; concern-
ing the tariff question, 939; conven-
tion at Chicago (1884), 942; na-
tional convention of 1888, 965; dem-
onstrations over success, 968; con-
vention at Minneapolis (1892), 989;
convention at St. Louis (1896), 1012;
convention of 1900, 1038; convention
of 1904, 1062
Republican Party in France: first ap-
pearance of, 10, 139; alarm of, at
the increasing power of Bonaparte,
412; proscription put in force
against, 432
Republics, French: first (1789-1804),
9, 278; second (1848-1852), 435;
third (1870 ), 467
Requesens, Luis Zuniga y (16th cen-
tury), Governor of the Netherlands,
IS73-I576: appointed governor, 13,
115; administration of, 116; death
of, 120
Resaca, Georgia: attack at (1864), 24,
794
Resaca de la Palma, Texas: battle of
(1846), 22, 290, 24, 547
Reseby, John (d. 1408), Scotch
scholar: martyrdom of, 12, 290
Resenius (17th century), Norse
scholar: services of, 16, 8
Reshid Pasha (early 19th century),
Grand Vizier of Turkey: in Russo-
Turkish war, 14, 429; quells insur-
rections, 433; services of, 439, 442;
campaign against Russia, 15, 284;
defeated by Ibrahim Pasha, 290
Resht, Russia: Russia takes possession
of (1722), 15, 79
Resht, Treaty of, peace between Per-
sia and Russia (1733), 15, 117
Restitution, Edict of, a decree issued
by Ferdinand II of Germany, order-
ing that all the former territory of
the Catholic Church which had be-
come Protestant should be restored
to Catholic hands (1629): issued,
18, 276; withdrawn, 294
Restoration, Society of, a secret com-
mittee formed in Switzerland
against Napoleon (1813), 13, 524
Restoration, The, return of Charles
588
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
II to the throne of England: ac-
count of, ii, 374; effect on Ireland,
13, 129; effect on Virginia, 23, 64;
accepted by Connecticut, 93; effect
on the Confederation, 97, 99
Restorer of Cities, The: see Sancho I,
King of Portugal
Resumption Act, a resolution of Con-
gress that at the earliest possible
moment the government would re-
sume specie payments (1869), 24,
898
Rethel, France: battle of (1650), 9,
203
Reubel (late 19th century), Alsatian
jurist: urges war against Switzer-
land, 13, 507
Reunion (Bourbon), island off the
African coast: sketch of, 19, 213;
occupied by the French, 5, 170;
French policy concerning, 20, 100;
taken by the English (1810), 143;
history of, 279
Reuterholm, Gustaf Adolf, Baron (late
18th century), Swedish statesman:
promotes a Russian alliance, 16, 250
Reutern (late 19th century), Russian
statesman: becomes minister of fi-
nance, 15, 324
Reuti, Flanders: battle of (1552), 9,
147
Revel, Russia: attack on (1790), 15,
188
Revere, Paul (1735-1818), American
engraver and patriot: rides to Lex-
ington, 23, 226
Revilla-Gigedo, Francisco Guernes y
Horcasitas, viceroy of New Spain,
1746-1755: administration of, 22,
196
Revilla-Gigedo, Count Juan Vicente
Guemes Pacheo, viceroy of New
Mexico, 1789-1794: administration
of, 22, 217
Revolution, Financier of the: see
Morris, Robert
Revolution, The American (1775-
1782): account of, from the English
point of view, II, 513, 20, 127;
causes, 23, 201, 210, 211, 212, 213,
214, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221; first Con-
tinental Congress (1774), 222; Lex-
ington and Concord, 227; Ticondero-
ga and Crown Point, 228; second
Continental Congress, 229; battle of
Bunker Hill, 231; Washington chos-
en to command Continental Army,
230; siege of Boston, 235; Declara-
tion of Independence signed (1776),
241; battle of Long Island, 243; re-
treat across New Jersey, 244; battles
of Trenton, 248; Princeton, 249; Bur-
goyne's invasion, 251; Brandywine,
Germantown, and Valley Forge, 257;
British occupy Philadelphia, 259;
Charles Lee and battle of Mon-
mouth, 262; British evacuate Phila-
delphia, 262; French Alliance, 265;
British success in the South, 271;
campaign in South under Gates, 274;
Arnold's treason, 275; General
Greene in the South, 280; surrender
of Yorktown (1782), 285; Treaty of
Peace signed, 288; naval encounters,
290; compared to war of 1812, 435;
effect on the question of slavery,
24, 562; results, 23, 298
Revolution, The Belgian (1815-1832):
causes, 13, 291; rising at Brussels
(1830), 295; Holland separated from
Belgium (1831), 301
Revolution, The English, struggle for
the crown of England between Wil-
liam of Orange and James II (1688),
9, 217, 11, 431, 12, 132
Revolution, The French, 8, 482, 9, 251,
, 539, 18, 354, 20, 30, 136; effects
Washington's second administra-
tion, 23, 357; see also French Revo-
lution, History of
Revolution, The Swedish (1520-1523):
cause, 16, 150; Gustaf Eriksson Vasa
enters Stockholm (1523), 154; result,
155
Revolution, The Swiss (1798): account
of, 9, 306
Revolution in the Netherlands, The
(1566-1609): causes, 13, 85; surren-
der of Valenciennes (1566), 13, 102;
Alva at Brussels (1567-1573), 104;
Pacification of Ghent (1576), 122;
assassination of William of Orange
(1584), 142; expedition of Robert
Dudley, Earl of Leicester, 150; bat-
GENERAL INDEX
589
tie of Zutphen (1586), 151; death of
Philip II (1598), 164; Truce of Ant-
werp (1609), 186
Revolution of 1820, Portuguese: ac-
count of, 8, 534
Revolution of 1820, Spanish: account
of, 8, 493
Revolution of 1830, The French: ac-
count of, 9, 389; influence in Ger-
many, 18, 395
Revolution of 1854 in Spain: account
of, 8, 503
Revolutionary Movement of 1848, The:
in France, 9, 415; in Austria, 17,
361; in Germany, 18, 398
Revolutions :
1566-1580. Netherlands against
Spain, 13, 85
1640-1660. In England, 11, 340
1688. In England, 9, 217, 11, 420,
12, 132
I775-I783. American, 9, 254, II,
510, 514, 12, 180, 20, 127, 23, 201
1789. French, 4, 342, 9, 253, 10, 3,
11, 539, 20, 136
1810. Argentine Republic, 31, 57
181 1. Paraguay, 21, 69, 147
1816. Peru, 21, 70
1820-1849. Of Italy, 4, 352
1821-1829. Greece from Turkish
rule, 2, 542, 14, 411, 415, 505, 15,
268
1821. Mexico, 22, 253
1822. Brazil, 21, 166
1825. Bolivia, 21, 182
1825. Chili, 21, 215
1830. In France, 9, 389
1830. In Belgium, 13, 295
1830. Uruguay, 21, 137
1831. Ecuador, 21, 108
1848. In France, 9, 432, 13, 306, 14,
444
1848. Hungary, 17, 368
1848. Germany, 18, 399
1858. Venezuela, 21, 96
1865. Peru, 21, 207
1889. Brazil, 21, 251
Rewbell (Reubell), Jean Baptiste
(1746-1807), French republican and
Director: elected a member of the
Directory, 9, 296, 10, 361
Rex, head of Roman republic: power
of, 3, 12
Reyes, Rafael, president of Colombia,
South America, 1904 : election
of, 21, 245, 24, 1059; sent to plead
Colombian cause, 24, 1060
Reynafe, General (early 19th century),
Argentine soldier: death of, 21, 124
Reynier, General: see Regnier, Jean
Louis Ebenezer
Reynolds, John Fulton (1820-1863), an
American soldier: killed at Gettys-
burg, 24, 779
Reynolds, Thomas (late 18th century),
an Irish citizen: betrays plot for
rebellion, 12, 209
Rezin (d. 732 B. C), King of Damas-
cus: defeated by Assyrians, 1, 83
Rhaeti, the inhabitants of Rhaetia:
come in contact with Roman power,
17, 11; conquered by the Romans,
12
Rhaetia, an ancient Roman province
below the Danube: invaded by the
barbarians, 17, 14, 15; recognizes
the authority of Theodosius, 16
Rhampsinitos: see Ramses III
Rhegium, an ancient city of Italy, now
Reggio: Messenians settle in, 2, 73;
founded, 84; tyrants of, 216; at war
with Syracuse, 299; Athenians at,
333', Roman campaign against, 3,
99; see also Reggio
Rheims (Reims), France: convention
of chiefs held at, 18, 24
Rheinberg, Belgium: surrenders to
the States-General, 13, 178
Rheinbund: see Confederation of the
Rhine
Rhenish Cities, Union of, union of
Mayence, Speyer, Worms, Strass-
burg, and Basel, 18, 175
Rhenish Mission, a German mission in
Africa: work of, 19, 94
Rhett, Robert Barnwall (1800-1876),
an American politician: opposes
Slade in Congress, 24, 578
Rhianus (3rd century B. C), a Greek
poet: epic poet of Sparta, 2, 72, 74
Rhigas (18th century), a Greek poet:
national poet of Greece, 14, 413
590
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Rhine, Confederation of the: see Con-
federation of the Rhine
Rhode Island, called Little Rhody:
founded, 23, 94; receives liberal
charter, 94; religious freedom, 94,
147; condition of Jews, I, 425;
snubbed by New England Confed-
eration, 23, 96; favored after Resto-
ration, 99; colonial government, 114;
evades Sugar Act, 135; rum trade
(1750), 135; educational growth, 140;
franchise denied Catholics, 148;
colonial suffrage laws, 148; jealousy
of Connecticut, 164; The Gaspee Af-
fair, 218; opposes amendment to
Articles of Confederation, 313; suf-
fers from paper currency craze, 314;
appoints delegates for Annapolis
convention, 322; refuses to send
delegates to Constitutional Conven-
tion, 323; ratifies the Constitution,
338; attitude toward War of 1812,
431; in Hartford convention, 431; re-
bellion of 1841, 24, 530; meas-
ures toward abolition of slav-
ery adopted, 564; abolition societies
formed, 571; state election of 1855,
646; Presidential election of 1892,
992
Rhodes, an island in the ^Egean Sea:
Greek colonization of, 2, 56; revolts
from Athens, 353; joins naval
league, 429; engages in Social War,
454; conquered by Mausolus, 455;
maritime importance of, 513; De-
metrius repulsed at, 514; the cham-
pion of Greek cities, 3, 138; becomes
subject to Rome, 150; conquered by
the Saracens, 1, 289; occupied by
Order of St. John, 2, 536; siege of
(1480), 14, 85; campaign of Sulei-
man against, 136, 148
Rhodes, Cecil John, South African
statesman and promoter: born at
Bishop-Strotford, England, July 5,
1853; going to Natal for his health
became interested in diamond min-
ing and in time gained a controlling
interest in the Kimberley mines; be-
came a member of the Assembly at
Cape Town and entered the ministry
there in 1884; prime minister of
Cape Colony, 1890-1896, when he re-
signed; secured in 1889 a charter for
the British South Africa Company;
in 1893 conducted the war in
Bechuanaland and in 1896 put down
a formidable rising of the Mata-
beles; his policy was to develop a
federal South African dominion un-
der British control, and to build a
continuous railway from Cairo to
Cape Town; was at Kimberley dur-
ing its siege in 1899 by the Boers;
died in Cape Town, March 26, 1902
Sketch of, 19, 222; refuses to rec-
ognize Boer claims in Bechuanaland,
214; organizes British South Africa
Company, 20, 230; attempts to
create a British protective tariff in
South Africa, 19, 233; crushes Mata-
bele rebellion, 243; responsible for
the Jameson Raid, 20, 231; death of,
19, 283
Rhodes, Colossus of, a statue on the
island of Rhodes, one of the seven
wonders of the world: description
of, 1, 289
Rhodesia, a local name for British
Zambesia: sketch of, 20, 260; de-
velopment of, 19, 243
Rhodia: see Rosas
Rhumberg, Germany: battle of (1760),
9, 246
Rhyming Chronicle, a Scandinavian
historical document: quoted, 16, 109
Riall, Sir Phinehas or Phineas (1775-
1851), an English major-general: in
the War of 1812, 23, 426
Rib-Addi (15th century B. C), an
early Phoenician prince: at war with
Aziru, 1, 122
Ribas, Felix (d. 1814), a Venezuelan
soldier: aids Bolivar, 21, 60; death
of, 63
Ribaut (Ribault), Jean (ca. 1520-1565),
a French navigator; attempts to
plant colony in Carolina, 23, 47
Ribbing, Count Adolf Ludwig (1764-
1843), a Swedish conspirator: plots
the assassination of Gustavus, 16,
249
GENERAL INDEX
591
Ribeaupierre (early 19th century), a
Russian statesman: negotiations of,
15, 274
Ribeiro, Juan (d. 1817), a Brazilian
priest and insurgent: in the rebel-
lion of Pernambuco, 31, 164
Ribera (19th century), a Uruguayan
military leader: expels Oribe from
Uruguay, 31, 125; rebellion of, 139
Riberos (late 19th century), a Chilian
naval officer: given command of
Chilian fleet, 31, 235
Ribeyro (19th century), a Peruvian
statesman: policy of, toward Spain,
3i, 203
Ricci, Matteo (1552-1610), an Italian
Jesuit missionary in China: his la-
bors in China, 6, 34
Rice: introduced into the Carolinas,
30, 78; rice industry in South Caro-
lina, 23, 137
Rice, Spring (early 19th century), an
English government official: Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer, 11, 597
Rich, Edmund (ca. 1 175-1240), Arch-
bishop of Canterbury: leads oppo-
sition against Peter des Roches, 11
132
Rich Mountain, West Virginia, U. S.
A.: battle of (1861), 34, 733
Richard (I) Cceur de Lion, King of
.England, 1189-1199, called Dickon
of the Broom: born at Oxford,
England, September 8, 1157; was in-
vested with the Duchy of Aqui-
taine, 1169; joined his brother
Henry and Louis of France in a re-
volt against his father, 1173; became
heir-apparent on the death of Prince
Henry, 1183; was again in revolt
against his father, 1189; succeeded
to the English throne, the Duchy of
Normandy, and the County of An-
jou, 1 189; joined the Third Crusade,
1190; conquered Cyprus and married
Berengaria, Princess of Navarre, at
Cyprus, 1 191; was at the siege of
Acre, and defeated the Saracens at
Arsuf, 1 191; having concluded a
truce with Saladin for three years,
three months, three weeks, three
days, he sailed homeward, October,
1 192, but was wrecked on the coast
of Istria; attempting to pass
through Germany in disguise, he
was arrested by Leopold of Aus-
tria, confined in a dungeon, and sub-
jected to many insults until Febru-
ary, 1 194, when he obtained his lib-
erty by paying a large ransom; was
mortally wounded by an arrow at
the siege of the castle of one of his
vassals near Limoges, March, 1199;
died, April 6, 1199
Given possession of Aquitaine,
11, 109; accession of, 9, 75; releases
Scottish king from homage, 12, 266;
joins crusaders, 9, 75, 11, no, 18,
155; rebels against Henry II, 11,
no; reign of, 112; persecutes the
Jews, I, 419; marries Berengaria of
Navarre, 8, 203; imprisoned by Leo-
pold V of Austria, 11, 113, 17, 92,
18, 156; death, 11, 115
Richard II (1366-1400), King of Eng-
land, 1377-1399: accession of, 9, 105,
IX > 173; recognized as heir to
throne, 11, 172; reign of, 173; mar-
ries Anne of Bohemia, 11, 180, 17,
117; aids Flemings, 9, 107; condition
of Ireland under, 12, 67; made lord
lieutenant of Ireland, 69; his rela-
tions with Scotland, 286; contempo-
rary of Murad I of Turkey, 14, 33;
statute of, restricting exports, 23,
66; appointment of commissioners
of regency, 11, 181; restored to
power, 182; marries Isabella of
France, 183; foreign policy, 183;
despotism of, 184; visits Ireland,
185; abdicates, 186; imprisoned, 187;
death of, 191; his body transferred
to Westminster, 196
Richard III, King of England, 1483-
1485, son of Richard, Duke of York
and brother of Edward IV, was
known as the Duke of Gloucester
until his accession: was born at
Fotheringay Castle in Northamp-
tonshire, October 2, 1452; took part
in battle of Tewkesbury, 1471; in
1472 married Lady Anne Nevil,
daughter of the Earl of Warwick;
about the end of June, 1483, he
592
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
openly usurped the royal power;
soon after he ordered Edward V
and his brother to be put to death in
the Tower; was slain in the battle
of Bosworth by the Earl of Rich-
mond (afterward Henry VII), Au-
gust 22, I48S
Created Duke of Gloucester, 11,
214; character, 219; acknowledged
Protector, 219; feud with the Wood-
villes, 219; reign of, 220
Richard, Earl of Cornwall: see Plan-
tagenet, Richard
Richard, Duke of Gloucester: see
Richard III, King of England
Richard (I) The Fearless, Duke of
Normandy, 942-996: accession of,
9, 56; Harald Blaatand aids, 16, 30
Richard (II) The Good, Duke of
Normandy, 996-1027: forms alliance
with yEthelred the Unready, 11, 58
Richard the Marshal (d. 1234), Earl
Pembroke: leader of the barons
against Henry III, 11, 131
Richard Strongbow: see Clare, Rich-
ard de
Richardson, Sir John (1787-1865),
English traveler: explorations of,
16, 307
Richardson, William Alexander (19th
century), American statesman:
chairman of Committee on Territo-
ries, 24, 637
Riche, Jean Baptiste (ca. 1780-1847),
President of Hayti: made ruler of
Hayti, 22, 499
Richelieu, Armand Emmanuel du
Plessis, Duke of (1 766-1 822),
French diplomat: first ministry of,
9, 367; second ministry of, 372; helps
to found Odessa, 15, 268
Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis,
Cardinal and Duke of, French
statesman: born at Paris, France,
September, 1585; studied at the Col-
lege of Navarre; in 1607 was conse-
crated at Rome as bishop; appoint-
ed almoner to the queen-regnant,
1614; secretary of state, 1616; acted
as mediator between the king and
his mother and was rewarded with
the cardinal's hat, 1622; reentered
the council of state and soon after
was made prime minister; he founded
and endowed the French Academy,
1635; declared war against Spain and
succeeded in separating Portugal
from Spain, 1640; died in his palace,
December 4, 1642
Enters the governing council, 9,
179; negotiates peace between Marie
de' Medici and Louis XIII, 180;
made cardinal, 182; career of, 183;
his treaty with Sweden, 16, 181; op-
poses Ferdinand II of Germany, 18,
278, 285, 288; treats with Maximilian
of Bavaria, 281 ; his assassination
plotted, 8, 378; death of, 13, 214
Richelieu, Louis Frangois Armand du
Plessis, Duke of (1696-1788), French
soldier: in the Seven Years' War,
9, 244
Richemont, Arthur de Bretagne,
Count of (1393-1458), French states-
man: made constable of France, 9,
114
Richiarius (5th century A. D.), King
of the Suevi: taken prisoner by the
Goths, 8, 38
Richie (d. 1846), American army offi-
cer: death of, 22, 305
Richilan (5th century A. D.), King of
Suevi: reign of, 8, 37
Richilde (nth century), Belgium
countess: given the government of
Flanders, 13, 26
Richmond, Virginia: population in
time of Jackson, 23, 479; made capi-
tal of Confederacy, 24, 718; McClel-
lan's plan of attack on, 757; Lee
takes command at, 761; Grant be-
gins operations against, 791; demon-
strations following Hampton Roads
Conference, 809; fall of (1865), 810;
Lincoln visits, 826
Richmond, Duke of (18th century),
English Parliament member: asks
for manhood suffrage and annual
Parliaments (1780), II, 520
Richmond, Henry Tudor, Earl of: see
Henry VII, King of England
Richu (4th century A. D.), Emperor
of Japan: appoints historigraphers
throughout Japan, 7, 13
GENERAL INDEX
593
Ricimer (Ricimir) (d. 472 A. D.),
Chief of the Suevi: career of, 18, 43;
expels Avitus from Rome, 4, 149;
rules Western Empire, 150
Ridania, plain near Cairo, Egypt: bat-
tle of (1517), 14, 130
Riddarhus, Swedish house of lords:
Gustavus Adolphus inaugurates the,
16, 178; augmentation of the, 205;
charged with the public administra-
tion, 225
Ridgeway, Sir Joseph West (living),
English diplomat: delimits the
boundary between Russian territo-
ries and Afghanistan, 5, 265
Ridley, Nicholas (1500-1555), English
bishop: martyrdom of, ix, 271
Ridolfi Plot, a conspiracy in England
which had for its purpose the de-
thronement of Elizabeth, and the
placing of Mary on the throne, II,
287
Riedi, Thomas (15th century), Swiss
patriot: at battle of Ulrich, 13,
393
Rieger, Franz Ladislaus (1818-1903),
Hungarian statesman: leads Czech
party, 17, 403; attempts to gain
more political rights for Bohemia,
409
Riego y Nunez, Rafael del (1785-
1823), Spanish soldier: leader of
Spanish revolution, 8, 492; death of,
495
RieL Louis (1844-1885), Canadian
rebel leader: leads rebellions of
French half-breeds, 20, 169, 173
Rienzi (Rienzo), Cola di, Italian po-
litical reformer: born in Rome
about 1313; received a liberal educa-
tion; about 1340 anarchy prevailed
in Rome and Rienzi went to Avig-
non in 1342 to persuade the pope to
return to Rome; in 1347, by popular
favor, he obtained power, with the
title of tribune and made some re-
forms; about the end of 1347 he was
driven out of Rome; having passed
seven years in Germany as a fugi-
tive, he was arrested and taken to
Avignon in 1352; in 1354 he was
sent to Rome with the title of sena-
tor, by the Pope, who proposed to
use the talents and influence of
Rienzi for the restoration of order
in that capital; the nobles never
acknowledged his government and
he was killed by a crowd on the
Capitol stairs, October 8, 1354
Leads revolution in Rome, 4, 222;
his relations with Charles IV of
Germany, 18, 193
Riesco, Jerman (1851 ), South
American statesman: elected presi-
dent of Chili (1901), 31, 240
Riffault, Jacques (17th century),
French buccaneer: his attempts at
colonization in Brazil, ai, 32
Riga, Russia: founded, 15, 10; cap-
tured by the Swedes, 16, 179; sieges
of (1700), 16, 215; (1710-1711), 15,
55; battle of (1702), 42
Rigault de Genouilly (1807-1873),
French admiral: made minister for
naval affairs, 9, 459
Right, Petition of, a bill which became
a law of England during the reign
of Charles I (1628): account of, II,
324
Right, The, one of the sections into
which the Continental parliaments
are divided: origin and use of the
term, 10, 82; its principal speakers,
,154
Rightboys, an Irish society: account
of, 12, 196
Rights, Declaration of: see Declara-
tion of Rights
Rights of Man, Society of the: organ-
ized, 9, 404
Rights of Men, Declaration of
(French): its effect in South Ameri-
ca, 21, 52
Rigny, Henry Gauthier, Count of
(1783-1835), French vice-admiral in
the Greek war, 15, 276; at battle of
Navarino, 9, 387; becomes minister
for foreign affairs, 405
Rig-Veda, ancient sacred book of the
Hindus: description of, 5, 38
Rijp, Jan Corneliszoon (16th century),
Dutch navigator: discovers Spitz-
bergen, 13, 167; explorations of, 16,
302
594
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Rikissa (13th century), Queen of
Sweden: marriage of, 16, 103
Rikken Seiyn Kwai: see Constitutional
Political Association
Rileeks, Konrad (19th century), Rus-
sian poet: in the plot of the Deka-
brists, 15, 273
Riley, Bennet (middle 19th century),
American general: in the Mexican
War, 22, 326; governor of Cali-
fornia, 24, 598
Riminants, Belgium: battle of (1578),
13, 130
Rimini, Italy: battle of (1815), 17,
314
Rimnik River, Roumania: battle of
(1789), 14, 356, 15, 185
Rinjifo (19th century), South Ameri-
can financier: financial administra-
tion of, 21, 218
Rink (16th century), Swedish Anabap-
tist: excesses of, 16, 155
Rintimbur, India: siege of (1300), 5,
."
Rinuccini, Baptist (17th century),
Italian prelate: sent as Papal Nuncio
to Ireland, 12, 120
Rio Branco, J. M. da Silva Paranhos,
Viscount of (1810-1880), Brazilian
statesman: his efforts against slav-
ery, 21, 248
Rio Colorado, United States: massa-
cre of (1847), 22, 305
Rio de la Hacha, South' America:
burned by Drake (1596), 21, 30
Rio de la Plata, South America: de-
scription of, 21, 118
Rio de Oro, Africa: under Spanish
rule, 20, 299
Rio de Tabasco, Mexico: battle of the
(1519), 22, 13
Rio Grande, river of North America:
becomes boundary between Mexico
and Texas, 24, 552
Rio Grande, Republic of the, Mexico:
formed, 22, 275
Rio Grande do Norte, South America:
resists the creation of the empire of
Brazil, 21, 167
Rio Grande do Sul, South America:
foreign element in, 21, 251; rises
against Fonseca, 254
Rio Janeiro, South America: increased
importance of, 20, 105; taken by the
French (1711), 20, 106, 21, 34; third
Pan-American Conference at (1906),
31, 255
Rio Muni, Africa: under Spanish rule,
20, 299
Rio Negro, South America: insurrec-
tion in (1829), 21, 83
Rioomantsof (Riumiantzof) : see
Rumiantsov
Rios, Montero (living), a Spanish
politician: administration of, 8, 522
Riot, The Bread, an incident in the
French Revolution, 10, 93
Ripon, Earl and Marquis of: see Rob-
inson
Ripperda, Jan Willem, Duke de (1680-
^tf), a Spanish adventurer and
diplomat: negotiates treaties be-
tween Philip V of Spain and the
Emperor, 8, 409
Risakov, Nicholas Ivanovitch (d.
1881), a Russian conspirator: execu-
tion of, 15, 339
Risbrich, Captain (early 19th century),
a Danish naval officer: at the battle
of Copenhagen, 16, 256
Rissi, Peter (early 15th century), a
Swiss soldier: his campaign in Italy,
13, 395
Rita: see Dalta
Rittenhouse, David (1732-1796), an
American astronomer: orrery of,
destroyed, 23, 249
Rivadavia, Bernardino (1780-1845),
President of Argentine Republic,
1825-1827: made Minister of For-
eign Affairs and of the Interior,
21, 120; made president of Argen-
tine Republic, 121
Rivarola, Cirilo Antonio (19th cen-
tury), President of Paraguay, 1870-
1871: member of provisional gov-
ernment of Paraguay, 21, 159; made
president, 160
Rivas (late 19th century), an Argen-
tine insurgent: joins insurrection of
Mitre, 21, 135
Rivas, Angel de Saavedra, Duke of
(1791-1865), a Spanish diplomatist:
administration of, 8, 504
GENERAL INDEX
595
River Raisin, Michigan: massacre at
(1813), 23, 424
Rivera (late 16th century), a Mexican
priest: quarrels with Almanza, 22,
130
Rivera, Payo Enrique de (1610-1684),
Archbishop of Mexico: made vice-
roy of New Spain, 22, 174
Rivera, Primo de (living), a Spanish
governor in the Philippines: con-
cludes treaty with Filipino insur-
gents, 20, 314
Rivers, Anthony Woodville (Wyde-
ville), Earl of (1442-1483), an Eng-
lish peer: taken prisoner by Glou-
cester, 11, 219; execution of, 220
Rivet- Vitet Law, a law conferring on
Thiers the title, " President of the
French Republic" (1871), 9, 475
Riviere, Charles Frangois de Riffar-
deau, Duke of (1763-1828), a French
Royalist officer: plots against Na-
poleon's life, 9, 322
Rivoli, a town in the province of Tu-
rin, Italy: battle of (1629), 4, 319
Rivoli, a village in the province of
Verona, Italy: battle of (1797), 9,
302, 17, 282
Riza (19th century), Turkish minister:
ministry of, 14, 442
Riza Kuli (early 18th century), a son
.of Nadir Shah of Persia: conquests
of, 5, 352; blinded, 354
Rizal, Jose (late 19th century), a Fili-
pino author and physician: sketch
of, 20, 313; exiled, 314
Rizzio (Riccio), David (d. 1566), a
favorite of Mary Queen of Scots:
his relations with Mary Queen of
Scots, 12, 315; murder of, II, 282
Rjumanzow; see Rumiantsov
" Roanoke," a United States battle-
ship: at the battle between the
" Merrimac " and the " Congress,"
24, 755
Roanoke Island, an island on the east-
ern coast of North Carolina: at-
tempts to colonize, 23, 53
Robe (19th century), a British co-
lonial official: governor of South
Australia (1845), 20, 195
Robert I, King of France, 922-923:
saves Paris, 9, 33; elected king, 54
Robert II (971-1031), King of France,
996-1031: reign of, 9, 66
Robert (I) Bruce, King of Scotland,
1306-1329, called King Hob and The
Joshua of Scotland: born March 21
or July 11, 1274; as Earl of Car-
rick, swore fealty to Edward I of
England, 1296, but soon joined the
Scottish leaders who were fighting
for the independence of Scotland;
made peace with Edward I and be-
came one of the four regents of
Scotland, 1299; quarreled with and
killed the Red Comyn, 1305;
crowned at Scone, March, 1306;
was defeated and escaped to Ire-
land, 1306; defeated the English at
Loudon Hill, 1307; continued the
war against Edward II of England
whom he finally defeated at the bat-
tle of Bannockburn, June 24, 1314;
invaded England, 1318; concluded a
truce with England, 1323; was rec-
ognized as independent King of
Scotland by England in the Treaty
of Northampton, 1328; died June 7,
1329
Reign of, 11, 152; secures inde-
pendence of Scotland, II, 156, 12,
275; invades Ireland, 12, 60; leads
revolt against England, 277; death
of, 157
Robert II (1316-1390), King of Scot-
land, 1370-1390: becomes regent of
Scotland, 12, 285; accession of, 286
Robert (John) III, King of Scotland,
1390-1406: reign of, 12, 287; sends
his son to be educated in France, 11,
194
Robert the Strong (d. 866), Count of
Anjou: intrusted with defense of
the northern frontier, 9, 51
Robert (I) the Frisian, Count of Flan-
ders, 1071-1093: career of, 13, 26; .
forms an alliance with Knud, 16,
72
Robert (early nth century), Count of
Namur: claims duchy of Lower Lor-
raine, 13, 22
596
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Robert, Earl of Gloucester: see Glou-
cester, Earl of
Robert (I), Duke of Normandy, 1028-
1034; accession of, 11, 82; aids
Henry I of France, 9, 67; his poor
government, II, 86; leads crusade,
9, 70, 11, 87; attempts invasion of
England, 11, 88; defeated at Tin-
chebrai, 89
Robert (12th century), Archbishop of
St. Andrews: consecrated, 12, 262
Robert Guiscard (1015-1085), Norman
Duke of Apulia and Calabria: ca-
reer of, 4, 185; ravages Greece, 2,
535; aids Gregory VII against
Henry IV of Germany, 18, 136
Robert of Anjou (1275-1343), King of
Naples, 1309-1343: his aspirations
for Italy, 4, 218; reign of, 260;
struggles of, 18, 186
Robert of Artois (14th century), pre-
tender to the lordship of Artois:
career of, 9, 93
Robert of Belleme (early 12th cen-
tury), a Norman baron: revolts
against Henry I, 11, 89; imprisoned,
89
Robert of Geneva: see Clement VII
Robert of Jumieges, Archbishop of
Canterbury, 1051-1052: deposed by
Earl Godwine, 11, 63
Robert of Mowbray (early 12th cen-
tury), Earl of Northumberland: re-
bels against William Rufus, 11, 86
Roberts, Frederick Sleigh, Earl of
Kandahar, Pretoria, and Water-
ford, an English field-marshal:
born at Cawnpur, India, Sep-
tember 30, 1832; was educated at
Eton, Sandhurst, Addiscombe, and
Oxford; made second lieutenant of
Bengal Artillery, December 12,
1851; lieutenant, June 3, 1857; cap-
tain, November 12, i860; brevet ma-
jor, November 13, i860; brevet lieu-
tenant colonel, August 15, 1868;
brevet colonel, January 30, 1875;
major-general, December 31, 1878;
lieutenant-general, July 26, 1883;
general, November 28, 1890; field-
marshal, May 25, 1895; served in
the Indian Mutiny, 1857; in Abys-
sinian Expedition, 1867-1868; Lu-
shai Expedition, 1871-1872; com-
manded Kuram Field Force, No-
vember, 1878-September, 1879; com-
manded Kabul Field Force, Sep-
tember, 1879-April, 1880; commanded
Kabul-Kandahar Field Force, Au-
gust to September, 1880; com-
manded in southern Afghanistan,
September to October, 1880; com-
mander-in-chief (Madras), Novem-
ber, 1881-August, 1885; commander-
in-chief in India, November, 1885-
April, 1893; commander in Ireland,
1895-1899; commander-in-chief,
South Africa, 1899-1900; relieved
Kimberley, February, 1900; took
commandant Cronje and Western
Army prisoners, February 27, 1900;
received thanks of both Houses of
Parliament, 1902; commander-in-
chief of British army, 1901-1904;
lives, London, England
His campaign against Yakub
Khan, 5, 257; his plans for frontier
defense, 269; reforms of, 272; his
campaign in South Africa, 11, 641,
20, 233
Robertson, Sir George Scott (1852-
), a British political officer in
India: besieged in Chitral, 5, 278
Robertson, William H. (1823-1898),
an American politician: opposed to
Conkling, 24, 933
Roberval, Frangois de la Roque
(Roche), Lord of (16th century), a
French colonist: attempts to make
settlements in America, 20, 81, 23,
46
Robespierre, Augustin Bon Joseph
(1763-1794), a French revolutionist,
younger brother of Maximilien
Robespierre: arrest and death of,
9, 291
Robespierre, Maximilien Marie Isidore
(1758-1794), a French Revolution-
ist, called The Incorruptible, The
King of Terror, and The Cromwell
of France: character of, 10, 219;
elected member of the States-Gen-
eral, 39; rules the Jacobin club, 9,
272; opposes war, io, 165; demands
GENERAL INDEX
597
that the fate of the king be left
with the people, 141; leader of the
Mountain, 9, 278; animosity of the
convention towards, 10, 218; again
accused by Louvet, 222; excuses
himself, 223; leads movement to
crush Girondists, 9, 284, 10, 254;
made member of the committee of
safety, 9, 285; attacks the Hebert-
ists, 10, 284; accused of moderation,
289; his speech regarding legal gov-
ernment, 290; his interview with
Danton, 290; forms triumvirate with
Saint-Just and Couthon, 9, 289; his
power and position, 10, 300; Cecile
Renaud's visit to his house, 300; of-
ficiates at the celebration of the
new religion, 301; appointed presi-
dent of the convention, 301; his
speech demanding a renewal of the
committees, 308; violently attacked
by Billaud-Varennes, 310; his arrest,
9, 291, 10, 314; liberated and taken
in triumph to the Hotel de Ville,
10, 315; death of, 9, 291, 10, 319,
, 543
Robin Bluestring: see Walpole, Sir
Robert
Robinson, Frederick John, Earl of
Ripon (1782-1859), an English
statesman: commercial "reforms of,
11, 576; made Prime Minister, 582;
' member of Peel's ministry, 602
Robinson, George Frederick Samuel,
Marquis of Ripon (1827 ), an
English politician: in Joint High
Commission, 24, 883; his governor-
generalship of India, 5, 258
Robinson, Sir Hercules, Baron Ros-
mead (1824-1895), British colonial
governor: his mission to Bechuana-
land, 19, 86; governor of Cape Col-
ony, 95; concludes treaty with Lo-
bengula, 219
Robinson, John (1 575-1625), an Eng-
lish Independent minister: leads
Presbyterian refugees, 23, 84
Robinson, Sir Thomas (18th century),
an English diplomat: becomes lead-
er of the House of Commons, 11,
495
Robles, Francisco, an Ecuadorian
general and politician: his adminis-
tration as president of Ecuador, 21,
no
Robles, Manuel (19th century), a
Mexican soldier: his report on
Cerro Gordo, 22, 324; in the Re-
form War, 383
Robustelli (early 17th century), a
Swiss insurgent: leads the massacre
of the Valtelline, 13, 462
Roca, Julio A. (1843 ), Argentine
general and politician, President of
Argentina, 1880-1886, 189&-1904: ad-
ministrations of, 21, 256, 257
Roca, Vincente (1 790-1850), Ecuado-
rian politician, President of Ecuador,
1845-1849: administration of, 21, 109
Rccafuerte, Vicente (1783-1847),
Ecuadorian statesman, President of
Ecuador, 1835-1839: leads the Lib-
erals in Ecuador, 21, 107; made
president of Ecuador, 108; obliged
to leave Ecuador, 109; death of,
109
Rochambeau, Marquis (19th century),
French peer: in centennial of Corn-
wallis's surrender, 24, 940
Rochambeau, Jean Baptiste Dona-
tien de Vimeur, Count of (1725-
1807), French marshal: his cam-
paign in America, 9, 255, 23, 284;
his campaign in Belgium, 9, 273; his
opinion respecting the war with
Holland and Belgium, 10, 173
Rochambeau, Marie Joseph de Vimeur,
Vicomte (1750-1830), French gen-
eral: his campaign in Hayti, 20,
140
Roche-Abeille, France: battle of
(1569), 9, 156
Rochechouart, Casimir Louis Victur-
nien, Due of Mortemart (1 787-1 875),
French general and diplomat: helps
to found Odessa, 15, 268
Rochefort, Henri (Victor Henri, Mar-
quis de Rochefort-Lucay) (1830-
), French journalist and poli-
tician: edits "La Lanterne," 9,
457; persecution of, 458; publishes
the " Marseillaise," 460
*9S
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Rochelle, La, France: sieges of
(1572), 9, 158; (1621), 181; (1627-
1628), 9, 185, 11, 322, 13, 209
Rochensalm, northern Europe: battle
of (1789), 15, 188
Roches, Peter des (d. 1238), Bishop
of Winchester, English prelate: fa-
vorite of Henry III, 11, 131; dis-
missed, 132
Rochester, England: siege of (1088),
11,82
Rochester, New York: speech of Sen-
ator Seward at, 24, 671; popular
demonstration for the funeral of
Lincoln, 827
Rochester, Lawrence Hyde, Earl of:
see Hyde, Lawrence, Earl of Roch-
ester
" Rock of Chickamauga ": see Thomas,
George Henry
Rock of Famine, Mexico: description
of, 22, 83
Rockingham, Charles Watson Went-
worth, Marquis of (1730-1782), Eng-
lish statesman: becomes leader of
the Whigs, 11, 507; becomes pre-
mier, 11, 509, 23, 212; favors repeal
of the Stamp Act, 23, 214; second
ministry of, II, 522; death of, 523
Rockingham, The Council of, a meet-
ing of English barons to discuss the
refusal of William II to acknowl-
edge ecclesiastical authority (1095),
",8s
Rockingham County, Virginia: devas-
tated by Sheridan's army, 24, 793
Rocks, City of the: see Nashville,
Tennessee
Rocky Mountains, North America:
dispute of boundary beyond, 23,
443
Rocoux, Belgium: battle of (1746), 9,
240
Rocroi, France: battle of (1643), 9,
199, I3 ; 214
Roda, De (16th century), Spanish of-
ficial: member of governing council
of the Netherlands, 13, 120
Roda Boken, liturgy of Johan of Swe-
den: account of, 16, 165
Roderic, King of the Goths, 710-711:
usurps the throne, 1, 310; reign of, .
8, 46; death of, 1, 313, 18, 50
Rodgers, John (1771-1838), American
admiral: commands squadron, 23,
375
Rodney, Caesar (1728-1784), American
statesman: delegate to the first Con-
tinental Congress, 23, 223
Rodney, George Brydges, Baron,
British admiral: born at Walton-
upon-Thames, Surrey, England,
February 19, 1718; entered the navy
in his twelfth year; governor of
Newfoundland, 1748; reentered
navy, 1752; rear-admiral, 1759; vice-
admiral, 1762; baronet, 1764; master
of Greenwich Hospital, 1765; com-
mander-in-chief in Jamaica, 1771;
admiral and commander-in-chief,
December, 1779, at Barbados; de-
feated a Spanish fleet near Cape
Saint Vincent, 1780; in war against
Holland, captured Dutch Guiana,
1781; gained an important victory
over the French admiral, De Grasse,
in the West Indies, 1782; was raised
to the peerage, as Baron Rodney,
1782; died in London, May 23, 1792
Takes Martinique, 20, 118; bom-
bards Havre, 11, 501; defeats Fran-
co-Spanish fleet, 8, 416; defeats De
Grasse, 9, 256, 11, 522, 20, 128
Rodolph, King of France: see Rudolf,
King of France
Rodriguez, island off the coast of Af-
rica: sketch of, 19, 213
Rodriguez (early 19th century), South
American statesman: made gov-
ernor of Buenos Ayres, 21, 120
Rodriguez, Alejandra (early 20th cen-
tury), Cuban statesman: appointed
chief of the Rural Guard, 22, 468
Rodriguez, Mendo (14th century),
Spanish knight: attempts to save
Pedro the Cruel from Enrique, 8,
170
Rodwald, King of Italy, 7th century
A. D.: reign of, 4, 108
Roe, Pierce (16th century), Earl of
Ormond: made lord deputy of Ire-
land, 12, 77
GENERAL INDEX
599
Roe, Sir Thomas (i 568-1644), English
statesman: sent to the court of Ja-
hangir, 5, 160; quoted, 14, 213, 214
Rcederer, Pierre Louis, Comte (1754-
1835), French politician: sent for
by Marie Antoinette and questioned
as to the safety of the king, 10,
192
Roene, De (late 16th century), Span-
ish officer: at the siege of Calais,
13, 163
Roeskilde, Peace of, treaty between
Denmark and Sweden (1658): ac-
count of, 16, 208
Roger II (1097-1154), King of Sicily
and Naples, 1130-1154: supports the
anti-Pope, 18, 143
Roger, Archbishop of York (12th cen-
tury), English ecclesiastic: crowns
Henry, son of Henry II of England,
11, 105
Roger, Bishop of Salisbury (12th cen-
tury), English statesman: chief
minister of Henry I, 11, 91; quar-
rels with King Stephen, 94
Roger de Nesh (13th century), French
statesman: appointed regent, 9, 84
Roger Guiscard (nth century), Nor-
man commander: conquers Sicily,
4, 185
Roger of Hoveden (late 12th cen-
tury), English historian: account of,
11, 116
Roggendorf (d. 1540), Austrian gen-
eral: death of, 17, 217
Rognvald, Jarl of Maere (d. 920 A.
D.), Danish King of Dublin: sketch
of, 16, 42
"Rogue's Harbor": name given to
Albemarle, 23, 74
Rohan, Henry, Duke of (1579-1638),
French general: leads Huguenot up-
rising, 9, 183; goes into exile, 187;
his campaign in Switzerland, 13,
463
Rohillas, African tribe: defeat of, 5,
191
Rohlfs, Friedrich Gerhard (1831
), German explorer in Africa:
desires increase of German influence
in Africa, 19, 128; appointed consul-
general of Zanzibar, 128
Rojas, Miguel de (16th century),
Moorish statesman: death of, 8,
369
Rojas Paul, Jose Pablo (1845 ),
Venezuelan politician, President of
Venezuela, 1888-1890: Minister of
the Interior, 21, 97; death of, 101
Rokh (early 18th century), Shah of
Persia: reign of, 5, 354
Rokuhara, Japan: destroyed (1333), 7,
86
Roland, a hero celebrated in the ro-
mances of chivalry: was supposed
to have been a nephew of Charle-
magne; killed at the battle of Rou-
cesvalles, in 778 A. D.
Death of, 18, 81
Roland (12th century), nephew of
William the Lion of Scotland: sub-
dues Galloway, 12, 267
Roland, Marie-Jeanne Philipon (Ma-
dame Roland), one of the most no-
ble and highly-gifted women of
France: born in Paris, France,
March 17, 1754; daughter of an en-
graver; was liberally educated, and
sent to a convent for a year; her
mother died and her father's house
being an undesirable residence she
returned to the convent and after
living here five months she mar-
ried M. Roland in 1780, after which
they resided successively at Paris,
Amiens, and Lyons; visited Eng-
land with her husband, 1784, and
Switzerland, 1787; assisted M. Ro-
land in his official duties while he
was minister of the interior, 1792;
composed the important letter ad-
dressed by her husband to Louis
XVI in May, 1792; was arrested in
June, 1793, and was beheaded on
November 9, 1793
Condemned to death, 10, 280
Roland de la Platiere, Jean Marie
(1732-1793), French statesman:
member of Girondist ministry, 9,
273, 10, 169; anecdote of him on
going to court, 10, 170; kills himself
on hearing of the death of his wife,
280
Rolf (Rollo) (ca. 860-ca. 930), Nor-
600
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
wegian viking, Duke of Normandy:
his treaty with Charles the Simple,
16, 15; reign of, 9, 54; sketch of,
16, 42; followers of, become Chris-
tians, 4, 185
Rolf, Krake (d. 522 A. D.), legendary
King of Scandinavia: the legend of,
16, 18
Rolle, Christoph (19th century), Swiss
politician: leads the Democratic
party, 13, 565
Romain, Paul (19th century), Grand
Marshal of Hayti and Prince of
Limbi: death of, 22, 495
Roman Philosophy, The Father of:
see Cicero, Marcus Tullius
Roman Senate, the aristocratic body
of the government in ancient Rome:
origin and character, 3, 15; preroga-
tives increased, 33; influence of, 34,
54; mode of admission changed,
233; increased powers, 234
Roman Walls: built in England, n,
11
Romana, President of Peru, 1889-
1903: administration of, 21, 242
Romana, Marquis de la (19th century),
Spanish commander: in Slesvig-
Holstein, 16, 257
Romano, Alberic da (13th century),
Italian Ghibeline leader: power of,
4, 203
Romano, Eccelin da (1 194-1259), Ital-
ian Ghibeline leader: power of, 4,
203
Romanov: royal house of Russia: es-
tablishment of the, 15, 21
Romanov, Anastasia (17th century),
Russian noble lady: marries Ivan
the Terrible, 15, 21
Romanov, Philarete (17th century),
Patriarch of Russia: sketch of, 15,
21
Romans: invade Scotland, 12, 249
Romanus (7th century A. D.), Gov-
ernor of Bosra: treason of, 1, 269
Romanus, Saint (ca. 500 A. D.),
Christian missionary: sketch of,
13, 338
Romanus, Diogenes, Emperor of
Rome, 1068-1071: defeated by Per-
sians, 5, 330
Romanzof: see Rumiantsov
Rome, City of, called the Seven-Hilled
City and The Eternal City: burned,
4, 64; taken by Alaric (ca. 408 A.
D.)> 18, 36; sack of, by Goths, 4,
140, 18, 36; sacked by Vandals (455
A. D.), 18, 43; sacked by Genseric,
4, 149; pillaged by the barbarians
(472 A. D.), 150; Popes assume
government of, 18, 51; attacked by
the Saracens, 1, 354; siege of (962 A.
D.), 18, 114; taken by Henry IV of
Germany, 136; besieged by Fred-
erick Barbarossa, 4, 194; revolution
of Rienzi, 222; capture and sack by
French under Constable de Bour-
bon, 9, 140, 18, 246; siege of, 4,
304; riots at, 10, 399; changed into
a republic, 4, 366, 10, 399; republic
overthrown, 18, 362; French under
Marshal Oudinot attack (1849), 4,
367, 9, 439; becomes the capital of
Italy, 4, 391
Rome, History of: Italy, 3, 3; Latin
settlements, 7; the Roman consti-
tution and reforms of Servius Tul-
lius, 11; the regal period, 20; estab-
lishment of the republic, 29; the
tribunate of the plebs and the de-
cemvirate, 37; strife of the patri-
cians and plebeians, 47; her conquest
of Austria-Hungary, 10, 17; fall of
Etruscan power and the coming of
the Celts, 3, 56; Greek culture in,
2, 513; advance of Rome to the con-
quest of Italy, 3, 62; war with Pyr-
rhus and union with Italy, 74;
Carthage, 89; the first Punic War,
99; the second Punic War, in; a
review of the West and East, 133;
interferes with Carthaginian rule in
Spain, 8, 14; war with Antiochus
and the final conquest of the East,
3, 143; allies with Aetolian League,
2, 518; the government and the
governed, 3, 153; the subject
countries down to the Gracchan
epoch, 161; the reforms of the
Gracchi, 171; the rule of the res-
toration, 185; Marius as revolu-
tionist and Drusus as reformer,
196; the revolt of all Italy, 205;
GENERAL INDEX
601
the Mithradatic War, 213; the
democratic revolution and its over-
throw by Sulla, 221; the Sullan con-
stitution, 230; economic condition
of the empire during the revolution
period, 242; the rule of the Sullan
restoration, 253; wars with the Ger-
mans, 18, 10; fall of the oligarchy
and the rule of Pompeius, 3, 265;
party struggles in Rome Pom-
peius, Caesar, and Crassus, 278;
Caesar in Gaul, 292; the joint rule
of Pompeius and Caesar, 322; the
Civil War, 334; the old republic
and the new monarchy, 362; Greece
favored by emperors of, 2, 523; lit-
erature of, in time of Augustus,
524; decline of power, 18, 26; mod-
ern civilization's debt to, 20, 7; see
also Italy
Rome, The Sword of: see Marcellus,
Marcus Claudius
Romer, Ole (Olaus) (1644-1710), Dan-
ish astronomer: sketch of, 16, 235
Romero, Matias (1837-1898), Mexican
diplomat: his mission to Washing-
ton, 22, 393; aids President Diaz,
407
Romilly, Sir Samuel (1757-1818), Eng-
lish lawyer and statesman: advo-
cates reform of the criminal law,
", 575
Romme, Gilbert (1750-1795), French
Jacobin: appointed the organ of the
insurrection of Germinal, 10, 337
Romodanovski, General (17th cen-
tury), Russian military officer: his
campaign against the Turks, 15, 25
Romorantin, Edict of, a measure pub-
lished in France, which attributed
to the prelates of the kingdom the
knowledge of the crimes of heresy
(1560), 9, 152
Romulus Augustulus, last Emperor of
the West, 475-476 A. D.: reign of,
4, 151; deposed by Odoacer, 2, 531;
retirement of, 18, 45
Roncaglia, Diet of, 4, 192
Roncesvalles, Spain: battle of (778 A.
D.), 18, 81
Rondeau, General (19th century),
South American soldier and states-
man: made provisional president of
Uruguay, 21, 137
Rondeau, Lady (18th century): at the
Russian court, 15, 77
Rondeau, Claudius (18th century),
English diplomat: at the Russian
court, 15, 98, 109
Rook (Rooke), Sir George (1650-
1709), English admiral: his cam-
paign against the French, 8, 394,
13, 250; at battle of Vigo, 9, 221;
captures Gibraltar, 11, 456
Roon, Count Albrecht Theodor Emil
von (1803-1879), Prussian general
and writer: in the Franco-Prussian
War, 18, 417
Roosbeke, Belgium: battle of (1382),
13, 35
Roosevelt, Theodore, twenty-sixth
President of the United States: born
in New York, October 27, 1858;
prepared for college in private
schools and graduated at Harvard
in 1880; became a member of the
New York Assembly in 1882; he
was nominated for mayor of New
York City in 1886, served as civil
service commissioner, 1889-1895;
president of New York police board,
1895-1897; assistant Secretary of the
Navy, 1897-1898; resigned to take
part in war in Cuba as lieutenant
colonel and colonel of the First
United States Cavalry Volunteers,
usually known as the Rough Riders;
in 1899 he was elected Governor of
New York; in 1900 was elected Vice-
President of the United States; suc-
ceeded as President on the assassi-
nation of President McKinley in
September, 1901; in 1904 he was
unanimously renominated by the
Republican convention and was
elected; is the author of valuable
works on history and biography
In Santiago campaign, 24, 1029;
controversy between Sampson and
Schley, 1035; nominated for Vice-
President (1900), 1037; campaign
tour (1900), 1040; becomes Presi-
602
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
dent, 1050; sketch of, 1068; nom-
inated for President (1904), 1063;
second election, 1067; Intervention
in Russo-Japanese War, 6, 314, 7,
316, 15, 364, 24, 1079; proposes Fed-
eral regulations of life insurance
companies, 24, 1081; favors com-
mercial treaty, 6, 321
Root, Elihu, an American statesman:
born at Clinton, New York, Febru-
ary 15, 1845; studied law; was
United States district attorney for
the southern district of New York,
1883-1885, and succeeded Alger as
Secretary of War in the McKinley
cabinet in 1899; resigned, 1904; mem-
ber Alaskan Boundary Tribunal,
1903; Secretary of State since July
I, 1905
In Roosevelt cabinet, 24, 1052; in
Alaskan boundary commission,
1055; in Republican convention
(1904), 1062; aids in reform of Con-
sular service, 1084; his visit to
South America, 31, 255
Root and Branch Bill, drawn up in
England for total abolition of bish-
ops, deans, and other officers con-
nected with Episcopal constitution
(1641), 11, 341
Rosamund (Rosamunda) (6th cen-
tury), wife of Alboin, King of the
Lombards: poisons Alboin, 4, 164
Rosas (Rhodia), Spain: founded, 8,
12; battle of, 246
Rosas, Juan Manuel Ortiz de (1793-
1877), dictator of Buenos Ayres:
sketch of, 21, 123; made dictator,
124; fall of, 126; aids Oribe of Uru-
guay, 139
Rosch, Ulrich (late 15th century), a
Swiss ecclesiastic, Abbot of St.
Gall: people revolt against, 13, 416
Roscius, Sextus (d. 81 B. C), a Ro-
man citizen: a typical rural gentle-
man, 3, 382
Rose, Hugh Henry, Baron Strath-
nairn (1803-1885), a British gen-
eral: his campaign in central India,
5, 238
Rose, Sir John (late 19th century), an
English diplomat: in Alabama
claims controversy, 24, 883
Rosebek, Belgium: battle of (1382),
9, 107
Rosebery, Archibald Philip Primrose,
Earl of (1847 ), a British Lib-
eral statesman: becomes Prime
Minister, 11, 637; his African pol-
icy, 19, 198
Rosecrans, William Starke (1819-
1898), an American general: with
Grant in North Mississippi, 24, 773;
sketch of, 774; succeeds Buell, 773;
made major-general, 774; operations
in East Tennessee, 782; mistake at
Chickamauga, 784; succeeded by
Thomas, 784
Rosen, Baron, Russian ambassador to
the United States, 1905: appointed
peace commissioner, 7, 318
Rosen, Conrad, Count de (1628-17 15),
a Flemish soldier in the service of
James II of England: at siege^ of
Derry, 12, 137
Rosenberk, Ulrich of (15th century), a
Bohemian soldier: leads Catholic
forces in Bohemia, 17, 143
Roses, Wars of the: see Wars of the
Roses
Roseta (early 19th century), a South
American soldier: defeated by Boli-
var, 21, 63
Rosmead, Baron: see Robinson, Sir
Hercules
Rosmini, Carlo de' (1 758-1 827), an
Italian writer: work of, 4, 409
Rosny, The Iron Calvinist of: see
Sully, Maximilien de Bethune, Duke
of
Ross (early 18th century), a Swedish
soldier: at the siege of Poltava, 15,
52
Ross, Sir James Clark (1800-1862), an
English Arctic navigator: his ex-
plorations in the Arctic, 16, 308; his
explorations in the Antarctic, 333,
334
Ross, Sir John (1777-1856), an Arctic
navigator: explorations of, 16, 308
Ross, Robert (early 19th century), an
English general: in the War of
GENERAL INDEX
1812, 23, 426; killed in attack on
Baltimore, 427
Rossbach (Rosbach), a village in Sax-
ony: battle of (1757), 9, 245,
499, 17, 244, 18, 336
Rossi, Count Pellegrino Luigi Odo-
ardo (1787-1848), an. Italian orator
and statesman: appointed president
of the Papal States, 3, 362; assas-
sination of, 364
Rossini, Gioachino Antonio (1792-
1868), an Italian musician: sketch
of, 4, 415
Rostislav (Rastiz) (9th century),
King of Moravia: accession of, 17,
31
Rostoff: see Rostov
Rostoptchin (Rastopchin), Count Feo-
dar Vassilivitch (1765-1826), a Rus-
sian general: account of, 15, 206;
sets fire to Moscow, 9, 342; aban-
dons Moscow, 15, 228, 234
Rostov (Rostoff), Russia: annexed to
Moscow, 15, 12
Roth (early 19th century), Russian
military officer: his campaign
against Turkey, 15, 284
Roth, Hans (late 14th century), a
Swiss peasant: discovers the plot
to surprise Soleure, 13, 379
Rothesay (Rothsay), David, Duke of
(1378-1402), the eldest son of Rob-
. ert III of Scotland: regent of Scot-
land, 12, 287
Rothschild, Sir Lionel de (19th cen-
tury), an English politician: elected
member of Parliament, 1, 422
Rothschild, Mayer Anselm (1743-
1812), a Jewish banker: rise of, 17,
328
Rotunda Bill, a reform bill in the
Irish Parliament (1783), 12, 192
Rouairie, Count de la (18th century),
Vendean leader: arrest of, for the
insurrection of La Vendee, 10, 248
Roubli, Wilhelm, (16th century), a
Swiss ecclesiastic: marriage of, 13,
435
Rouen, France: sieges of (1419), 11,
199; (1562), 9, 154; (1591), 13, 158
Rouher, Eugene (1814-1884), a French
statesman; becomes minister of state,
9, 454; becomes president of the
senate, 459
Rouille, Pierre, Seigneur de Marbeut
(1657-1712), a French diplomat:
peace envoy to Holland, 9, 223
Roumanians: see Rumanians
Round Top, a small mountain in Penn-
sylvania: in battle of Gettysburg,
24, 780; held by Sickles, 780
Roupinho, Fuaz (12th century), a
Portuguese military leader: his cam-
paign against the Mohammedans, 8,
276
Rous (ca. 5th century), a Slav chief:
leads migration of the Czechs, 17,
18
Rousseau, Jean Jacques (1712-1778), a
Swiss philosopher and author: his
influence on American Constitution,
23, 330
Rousseau, Lovell Harrison (1820-
1869), an American general: organ-
izes Kentucky troops, 24, 722
Roussin, Albin Reine, Baron (1781-
1854), a French admiral: his expe-
dition against Portugal, 9, 399; sent
by France to aid Mahmud II of
Turkey, 14, 434; threats of, 15, 291
Rouville, Hertel de (late 17th cen-
tury), a French soldier in America:
attacks Salmon Falls, 23, 158; in
Queen Anne's War, 160
Rouvroy, Louis de: see Saint-Simon,
Duke of
Roveredo (Rovereto), Austria: battle
of (1796), 9, 300
Rowan, Archibald Hamilton (late
18th century), an Irish religious agi-
tator: his labors in behalf of Cath-
olic emancipation, 12, 201
Rowley, Old: see Charles II, King of
England
Roxalana: see Khurrem
Roxana (d. 311 B. C.) the wife of
Alexander the Great: espoused by
Alexander, 2, 503; causes murder
of Statira, 511
Roxburgh, Scotland: siege of (1460),
12, 296
Roy, Count Antoine (early 19th cen-
tury), a French politician: becomes
minister of finance, 9, 372
604
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Royal African Company, a British
trading company: formed (1672),
19, 31; interests of, in America, 23,
128; British sovereigns members of,
24, 562
Royal Butcher, The: see Henry VIII,
King of England
Royal Colonies, colonies under the di-
rect authority of the Crown: in
America, 23, 114
Royal Council of the Indies, a Span-
ish council for the control of col-
onies in America: established (1511),
20, 45
Royal Geographical Society, a British
society: establishes an African Ex-
ploration Fund, 19, 62
" Royal George," an English man-of-
war: built, 5, 163
Royal Indian Engineering College, an
English college in India: estab-
lishes a course in forestry, 5, 7
Royal Niger Company, a British trad-
ing company in Africa: organized,
19, 156; sketch of, 20, 258
Royal Philippines Company, a Span-
ish trading company: chartered
(1785), 20, 313
Royal Society of Sciences, a society
in Austria: founded (1784), 17, 341
Royal Titles Act, an act proclaiming
Queen Victoria, Empress of India
(1876), 5, 255
Royalist Conspiracy, a conspiracy in
the French Revolution, 10, 379
Royalist Party, The, a party in the
French Revolution: its opposition
to the reelection of two-thirds of
the members of the convention, 10,
355; insurrection of, 356
Royer-Collard, Pierre Paul (1763-
1845), French philosopher and
statesman: leads constitutional
party, 9, 358; leader of the Doc-
trinaires, 371; opposes the Septem-
ber Laws, 408
Royhestvenski, Admiral (ca. 1900),
Russian naval officer: commands
Baltic fleet, 7, 313, i 5 , 363
Rozriadnia Knigi, Russian books of
pedigrees: destruction of the, 15,
25
Rubatino Navigation Company: cedes
its coaling station in the Bay of
Assab to the government, 4, 404
Rubens, Peter Paul (1577-1640), Flem-
ish painter: sketch of, 13, 220
Rubicon, river in Italy: Caesar
crosses, 3, 333
Rubio, General (late 19th century),
Venezuelan general: deserts Paez,
31, 98
Rubruquis (early 13th century), trav-
eler in China: his description of the
Chinese, 6, 18
Rud, Otte (early 16th century), Dan-
ish admiral: defeats the Liibeckers
and Swedes, 16, 140
Rudiger, Count Feodor (early 19th
century) : his campaign against Tur-
key, 15, 285; in the Hungarian in-
surrection, 302; Gorgey surrenders
to, 18, 401
Rudini, Antonio de, Marquis of (1839
), Italian statesman: succeeds
Crispi, 4, 404
Rudio (d. 1858), Italian conspirator:
attempts to assassinate Napoleon
III, 9, 449
Rudolf (I) of Hapsburg (1218-1291),
Holy Roman Emperor, 1273-1291:
career of, 13, 361, 17, 99; reign of,
18, 179; aids Hungary against Bo-
hemia, 17, 59, 75; invades Bohemia,
78
Rudolf II (1552-1612), Holy Roman
Emperor, 1576-1612: educated in
Spain, 18, 262; reign of, 17, 180, 18,
263; protects Gustaf, 16, 164; pat-
ronizes Tycho Brahe, 198; his reign
as King of Bohemia, 17, 198; his
reign as King of Hungary, 222;
offers to mediate between Spain
and the Netherlands, 13, 133
Rudolf I, King of Burgundy, 888-912:
his war with Arnulf, 18, 99; con-
quers Savoy, 4, 272
Rudolf II, King of Burgundy: see Ru-
dolf, King of France
Rudolf III, King of Burgundy, 993-
1032: character of, 13, 345; makes
Henry II his heir, 18, 122; his rela-
tions with Conrad II of Germany,
125
GENERAL INDEX
605
Rudolf (Rodolph), King of France,
923-936, and of Burgundy, 912-936:
reign of, 9, 54; his conquests in
Switzerland, 13, 344
Rudolf of Austria, King of Hungary,
1306-1307: reign of, 17, 113
Rudolf II (d. 1290), Duke of Austria,
1282-1290: receives Austria, 18, 181;
death of, 182
Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, 1358-
1365: reign of, 17, 102
Rudolf (d. 1080), Duke of Suabia
(Alamannia) : career of, 13, 347;
supplants Henry IV of Germany,
18, 136
Rudolf II (d. 1249), Count of Haps-
burg: his struggle with the Swiss
towns, 13, 359
Rudolf III, Count of Hapsburg: see
Rudolf I, Holy Roman Emperor
Rudolf (d. 1899), Crown Prince of
Austria: death of, 17, 456
Rudolf (d. 1309), son of Albert I of
Germany: death of, 18, 184
Rudolf von Balm (early 14th cen-
tury), a Thuringian patriot: plots
against Albert I of Austria, 13, 364
Rudolf von Erlach: see Erlach
Rudolf von Stadek (13th century), a
German minnesinger: sketch of, 17,
98
Rudolf von Wart (d. 1308), a Thurin-
gian patriot: plots against Albert I
of Austria, 13, 364
Rudolf von Werdenberg, Count (15th
century) : aids rebellion of Appen-
zell, 13, 390
Rudolph: see Rudolf
Ruel, Peace of, a truce between the
parties of Anne of Austria and Car-
dinal Mazarin, on one side, and of
Louis XIV on the other (1649): ac-
count of, 9, 202
Ruffin, Edward (19th century), Amer-
ican Confederate volunteer: fires
second shot of Civil War (1861),
24, 7ii
Rufinus (335-395 A. D.), Roman court-
ier of Gallic birth: guardian of Ar-
cadius, 18, 35; proves a traitor to
the interest of Arcadius, 4, 137;
murder of, 18, 35
Rufio (1st century B. C), son f a
Roman freedman: governs Egypt,
3, 371
Rufus, Marcus Caelius (82-48 B. C.)
Roman orator: reforms of, 3, 365
Rufus, Quintus (early 1st century B.
C), Roman general: takes command
of the army of the north of Italy,
3, 212; death of, 212
Rufus Pompeius, Roman statesman,
consul, 88 B. C. : opposes reforms
of Sulpicius, 3, 210
Rufus Publius, Roman statesman, con-
sul, 105 B. C. : his method of drill,
3, 197; charged with maladministra-
tion of his province, 202
Ruhrart, Holland: battle of (1604),
13, 179
Rule of 1756, a regulation of colonial
trade with neutral countries in time
of war: enforcement sought by Eng-
land, 23, 361; debars neutrals from
colonial trade, 406
Rulhiere, Claude Carloman de (1735-
1791), French historian: memoirs of,
15, 154, 156
Rum Trade, in New England, 23, 135;
with the Indians, 175
Rumanians, Latin race of eastern Eu-
rope: contribute to Austro-Hunga-
rian history, 17, 5; location of, 8;
origin of, 19; dissatisfied with the
dual system of government, 430;
rupture of, with Greeks, 2, 549
Rumelia, southeastern Europe: occu-
pied by Turks, 14, 32
Rumiantsov (Rioomantsof, Rjuman-
zow), Alexander (1680-1749), Rus-
sian diplomat: searches for Alexis,
15, 74; confirms treaty with Tur-
key, 80
Rumiantsov (Rioomantsof-Zadoonai-
ski, Rioumiantzof-Zadunaiski), Pe-
ter, Count (1725-1796), Russian gen-
eral: his campaigns against the
Turks, 15, 176, 184; commands Rus-
sian forces, 14, 324, 325; crosses
the Danube, 334
Runeberg, Johan Ludwig (1 804-1 877),
Swedish poet: sketch of, 16, 264
Runes, letters used by the Northmen:
description of, 16, 9
606
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Runich, Dmitri (early 19th century),
Russian statesman: encourages Al-
exander's reactionary views, 15,
265
Runjeet Singh: see Ran jit Singh
Runnimede, England: meeting of John
and the barons at, II, 127
Rupert (1215) (14th century), King
of Germany, 1400-1410: defeats the
Suabian cities, 18, 197; election of,
18, 198, 17, 118; death of, 18, 200
Rupert, Prince (Robert of Bavaria)
(1619-1682), German soldier: at the
battle of Edgehill, 11, 344; in the
war with the Dutch, 13, 234
Rurik, Norse chief, Russian emperor,
862 A. D.: invited to Russia, 15, 5,
16, 39; death of the last of the
Rurikovitches, 15, 19
Rusas (d. ca. 715 B. C), King of
Urartu: defeated by Assyrians, 1,
85
Ruscuk: see Rustchuk
Rush, Benjamin (1745-1813), Ameri-
can physician and philanthropist:
plots against Washington, 23, 261;
Jefferson's letter to, 390
Rush, Richard (1780-1859), American
statesman: minister to England, 23,
447
Russ, Melchior (15th century), Swiss
historian: sketch of, 13, 427
Russell, Edward, Earl of Oxford (1651-
1727), English admiral: at the bat-
tle of La Hogue, 9, 219
Russell, Edward, Earl of Oxford
(1651-1727), an English admiral:
sketch of, 11, 439; First Lord of
the Admiralty, 441; resigns his of-
fice, 447; impeached, 450
Russell, John, 4th Duke of Bed-
ford (1710-1771), an English states-
man: leader of Parliamentary fac-
tion, 11, 507; admitted to office,
508; death of, 514
Russell, John, 1st Earl Russell (1792-
1878), an English statesman, ora-
tor, and author: election reforms of,
11, 583; introduces the first Reform
Bill, 587; member of Grey's Cab-
inet, 588; becomes Home Secretary
in Melbourne's ministry, 595; at-
tempts to form a ministry, 606; first
ministry of, 606; quoted on Polk's
inaugural address, 24, 543; in the
Crimean War, 15, 306; his relations
with Poland, 384; second ministry
of, 11, 623; remonstrances of, 15,
330; refuses arbitration of claims
controversy, 24, 882
Russell, Jonathan (early 19th cen-
tury), an American statesman: ap-
pointed on peace commission, 23,
429
Russell, William, Lord Russell (1639-
1683), an English statesman: im-
plicated in the Rye House Plot, 11,
414
Russellville, Kentucky:, secessionists
hold convention at, 24, 722
Russia: the Varingjar settle in, 16,
39; reduced by Tartars, 14, 4; under
Mongol subjection, 32, 46; appears
in Turkish history, 117; assumes im-
portance in the Eastern Question, 7;
rise of, 192; decline of, 211; sends
embassy to China (1664), 6, 59;
signs Treaty of Nerchinsk, 67; de-
velopment of hostility to Turkey,
14, 244, 247; armistice with Turkey,
269; in relation to Greece, 2, 539,
548; effects thirty years' peace with
Turkey, 14, 274; establishes perma-
nent footing in Peking, 6, 80; es-
tablishes college at Peking, 125;
army of, disciplined by Miinnich,
14, 308; allies against France, 380;
cooperates with Turkey against
France, 384; Servia appeals to, 392;
rivalry with France, 392; in Peace
of Tilsit, 404; aids France against
Austria, 406; at war with France,
10, 484; offers to mediate between
United States and Great Britain,
23, 428; in Holy Alliance, 14, 411;
sides with Greece, 2, 542; attitude
toward Northwest, 23, 447; allusion
to, in Monroe Doctrine, 449; treaties
with the United States (1824 and
1825) 23, 449, 24, 541; her attitude
toward Turkey, 14, 421; joins Eu-
ropean powers in intervention for
Greece, 423; aids Mahmud II
against Mohammed AH, 434; in
GENERAL INDEX
607
agreement of the Dardanelles, 437;
cedes Alaska to the United States,
24, 878; Alaskan purchase ends do-
minion of, in America, 878; friendly
attitude during Civil War, 878; Behr-
ing Sea rights of, 980; concessions
to, 6, 271; in Manchuria, 308; in
Korea and Manchuria, 7, 275; ob-
struction policy of, 6, 272, 286, 306;
in Boxer rebellion, 311; disputes
with, over Behring Sea, 24, 1055
Russia, History of: the period of na-
tional development, 15, 3; the ac-
cession of Peter the Great, 24; the
conflicts with Charles XII of Swe-
den, 38; the epoch of reforms, 63;
the reigns of Catherine I and Peter
II, 93; ascendency of German influ-
ence under Queen Anne, 103; Russia
as a factor in the politics of Europe,
126; the assassination of Peter III,
152; Catherine the Great, 161; the
reign of Paul, 200; Alexander I and
Napoleon, 213; Napoleon's retreat
from Moscow, 242; the reactionary
period, 261; the rule of absolutism
under Nicholas I, 271; the Crimean
War, 304; Alexander II and liberal
progress, 321; the reign of Alexan-
der III, 341; the reign of Nicholas
II, 345
Russia, The Jerusalem of: see Mos-
cow
Russia, The Key of: see Smolensko
Russian-American Company, a com-
pany which controlled Alaska until
1861: charter expires, 24, 877
Russians, Holy Mother of the: see
Moscow
Russkaya Pravda, a Russian code of
laws: description of, 15, 181
Russo-Chinese Bank, a bank estab-
lished in St. Petersburg in 1895:
established, 7, 276
Russo-Japanese Peace Conference
(1905): held at Portsmouth, N. H.,
7, 318, 24, 1079
Russo-Japanese War, a war begun by
Japan to enforce the promised evac-
uation of Manchuria by the Russians
(1904-1905): causes, 6, 308, 15, 359;
Admiral Togo attacks Russian fleet,
7. 304, 308; Admiral Kamimura at-
tacks Vladivostok squadron, 309;
battle of Liao-yang, 309; capture of
the pass by Mo-tien-ling, 310; bat-
tle of Sha River, 311; capture of
Port Arthur, 312; Russians defeated
at Mukden, 312; battle of the Sea
of Japan, 315; President Roosevelt's
part in, 24, 1079; Peace Conference
at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 7,
318; treaty of peace signed, 320; ar-
ticles of the treaty, 320; effect of, on
Norway, 16, 286; new agreement
between England and Japan in, II,
642
Russo-Turkish Wars:
I736-I739- Russia and Austria
against Turkey, ended by Peace
of Belgrade, 16, 227
1877-1878. A war between Russia
and Turkey, brought about by the
misdeeds of Turkish officials,
ended by the Treaty of Berlin,
11, 632
Rustam (early 7th century), a Persian
general: at the battle of Cadesia, 1,
260; death of, 5, 322
Rustchuk (Ruscuk), a city in Bulgaria:
assault on (1810), 14, 406
Rutgers, Elizabeth (late 18th century),
an American woman who took part
in the New York Trespass Act con-
troversy: sues Joshua Waddington,
23, 309
Rutgers College, a college at New
Brunswick, New Jersey: founded,
23, 141
Ruthenians, a race of peasants in Ga-
licia: condition of, 17, 347
Ruthven, Lord (late 16th century), a
Scotch conspirator: concerned in the
murder of Rizzio, 12, 316
Ruthven, Alexander (d. 1600), a
Scotch conspirator: attempts to hold
James VI as a prisoner, 12, 328
Rutledge, Edward (1740-1800), an
American jurist and signer of the
Declaration of Independence: dele-
gate to first Continental Congress,
23, 223; member of South Carolina
ratifying convention, 336
Rutledge, John (1739-1800), an Amer-
608
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
ican jurist and orator: delegate to
first Continental Congress, 23, 223;
in Constitutional Convention, 324;
member of South Carolina ratifying
convention, 336
Rutulians (Rutuli), a legendary peo-
ple of Latium: wars with Rome, 3,
22
Ruysdael: see Rysdael
Ruyter (Ruiter), Michel Adriaanszoon
de (1607-1675), a Dutch admiral: at
battle of Plymouth, 13, 230; in the
war with Sweden, 13, 232, 16, 209;
his struggles against the French
and English, 9, 210; death of, 9,
212, 13, 240, note
Ryder, Charles Henry Dudley (1867-
), an English soldier: visits the
Tashi Lama, 5, 302
Rye (19th century), a Danish general:
in the Slesvig-Holstein War, 16,
271
Rye House Plot, in English history,
a conspiracy to kill Charles II and
the Duke of York (1683), II, 414
Ryhove, Francis de Kethulle, Lord of
(late 16th century), a Flemish poli-
tician: becomes a demagogue, 13,
129; death of, 141
Rypergherste, Giles de (14th century),
a Flemish military officer: in the
English army, 13, 34
Rysdael (Ruysdael), Jakob (1625-
1682), a Dutch landscape painter:
sketch of, 13, 220
Ryswick (Ryswijk), Peace of, a treaty
between France on one side and
England, the Netherlands, and
Spain on the other (1697): 4, 326, 8,
384, 9, 219, ii, 445, 13, 245, 18,
306, 20, 76, 114, 23, 159
Rzad, a secret committee in Russia
(1863) : sketch of, 15, 326
Rzuchowski, Kajetan (early 19th cen-
tury), a Polish insurgent: leads the
Cracow revolutionists, 15, 299
s
Saa, Colonel (19th century), South
American military commander:
crushes insurrection in the province
of San Juan, Argentina, 21, 129
Saa, Duarte de (16th century), Gov-
ernor of the Moluccas: administra-
tion of, 8, 437
Saadat Ali Khan (18th century), Per-
sian Shah: becomes an independent
ruler, 5, 126
Saadia ben Joseph (892-942 A. D.):
Jewish theologian and philosopher:
sketch of, 1, 415
Saarbrucken (Saarbruck), Prussia:
battle of (1870), 9, 463, 18, 421
Saardam, Holland: Peter the Great at,
15, 33
Saatz, Bohemia: siege of (1421), 17,
131
Saavedra (16th century), South
American military officer: his cam-
paign in Chili, 21, 22
Saavedra, Angel de: see Rivas, Duke
of
Saba (Sheba), Arabia: rise and fall
of, 1, 186
Sabako (Shabaka) (8th century B. C),
King of Egypt: reign of, I, 30
Sabbatai, Levi (1626-1676), a Jew of
Smyrna: claims to be the Messiah,
1, 421
Sabbath Day: New England observ-
ance of, 23, 145
Sabeans, an Arabic people: migration
of, 1, 186
Sabine River, Texas: as Florida
boundary, 23, 445
Sabines, ancient people of central
Italy: wars with Rome, 3, 22
Sabinus, Cornelius (ca. 40 A. D.), prae-
torian tribune: assassinates Caligula,
4, 58
Sabinus, Quintus (ca. 55 B. C), lieu-
tenant of Caesar's: his campaign in
Gaul, 9, 9; defeated by Gauls, 3,
305
Sable, Treaty of, a treaty concluded
between France and Brittany
(1488), 9, 128
Sablukov (18th century), Russian
courtier: memoirs of, 15, 200, 209
Sac Indians, North America: in Black
Hawk War, 23, 506
Sacheverell, Henry (ca. 1672-1724),
English churchman and Tory: im-
peached, 11, 459
Sacken (19th century), a general of
the allied forces against Napoleon:
his campaign against Napoleon, 9,
346
Sackville, George, known also as Lord
George Germain (1716-1785), Eng-
lish general: at battle of Minden,
11, 501
Sackville Episode: in political cam-
paign of 1888, 24, 967
Sacra di San Michele, Italy: battle of,
4, 174
Sacramento, California: center of
gold-mines, 24, 596
Sacramento, Mexico: battle of (1846),
22, 304
Sacred Mount Secession, a secession
of the Roman farmers: cause, 3, 40;
result, 41
Sacred Wars, wars waged by mem-
bers of Amphictyonic League in de-
fense of the shrine of Delphi: the
first (ca. 590 B. C), 2, 103; the
second (356-346 B. C), 460; the
third (339-338 B. C), 475; end of,
468
Sacriportus, ancient locality in Italy:
battle of (82 B. C), 3, 227
Sad (Mirza) Ali Mohammed, called
" the Bab " (d. 1850), Persian Mo-
hammedan: founds the Babis, 5,
362
609
610
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Sa'd ibn Walik (7th century A. D.),
Arabian commander: conquers Per-
sia, 5, 322
Sadamori, Taira-no: see Taira-no-
Sadamori
Sadducees, The, political and religious
party in Judaea: rise of, 1, 407;
power of, destroyed, 409
Sa'di (Muskhu-'d-Din) (ca. 1190-
1291), Persian poet: sketch of, 5,
323
Sadoleto, Jacopo (i477-i547)> Italian
writer and cardinal: labors for the
restoration of letters, 4, 299
Sadowa, Bohemia: battle of (1866),
(called also battle of Koniggratz),
4, 390, % 455, 16, 275, 17, 392, 18,
411
Sadyk Pasha: see Czaikowski, Michael
Saemund (ca. 1056-1133), Iceland
scholar and historian: sketch of, 16,
8
Safarik (1795-1861), Hungarian phi-
lologist and antiquary: sketch of,
17, 3435 belongs to the Slovaks,
356
Safawi Dynasty, Persia: reign of, 5,
340
Safdar Jang (18th century), nawab
of Oudh: reign of, 5, 126
Saffah (8th century), Mohammedan
caliph: accession of, 1, 340
Saffarid Dynasty (Soffarides), a Mo-
hammedan dynasty which reigned
in Persia, 872-902 A. D.; rise of, 1,
364; reign of, 5, 3^7
Safi (Sophi) I, Shah of Persia, 1628-
1642: reign of, 5, 346
Safi (Sophi) II, Shah of Persia, 1666-
1694: reign of, 5, 347
Safiye (16th century), Venetian fa-
vorite of Murad III of Turkey: in-
fluence of, 14, 201, 204, 205, 8
Sagamoso, South America: battle of
(1819), 21, 68
Sagas, The, mediaeval chronicles:
main treatment, 16, 7; Ynglingar,
37; Eyrbyggja, 45, 49
Sagasta, Proxedes Mateo (1827-
I 903), Spanish statesman: adminis-
tration of, 8, 516; recalls Weyler,
24, 1023; returns to power, 8, 521;
death of, 521
Sage Hen State, The: see Nevada
Sagrse, southeastern Europe: taken
by Murad, 14, 29
Saguier (19th century), South Ameri-
can statesman: president of Para-
guay (1878-1881), 21, 260
Saguntum, Spain: attacked by Hanni-
bal, 3, 114; siege of, 8, 15; makes
alliances with Rome, 3, 113
Saguta (Saegud), Asia Minor: pos-
sessed by Ertoghrul, 14, 10
Sah Dynasty, The, India: reign of, 5,
74
Sahara, The, Africa: value of, 19,
168
Sahu (18th century), Maratha king:
reign of, 5, 132
Saicho (ca. 8th century), Japanese
priest: teachings of, 7, 41
Said (7th century A. D.), Moham-
medan soldier: captures Persian
capital, 1, 261
Said AH, Sultan of Egypt, 1854-1863:
reign of, 1, 38
Saif ad-Daula (10th century A. D.),
Mohammedan caliph: deserts Alep-
po, 1, 369
Saigo Takamori (19th century), Jap-
anese statesman: joins lord of
Choshii against the shogun, 7, 165;
made Sanyo, 167; negotiates treaty
for surrender of Tokugawa Yoshi-
nobu, 169; rebellion of, 178
Saigo Tsugumichi, Marquis (19th cen-
tury), Japanese statesman: attempts
to negotiate treaties with European
powers, 7, 190; his campaign in For-
mosa, 192; accompanies Count ltd
to China, 196; made minister of the
army, 220
Saigon, Farther India: occupied by
the French, 20, 272
Sailor King, The: see William IV
Sai-ma-tsi, Manchuria: captured by
the Japanese (1894), 7, 208; (1904)
310
Saimei: see Kolsyoku
St Albans, England: battles of (1455),
11, 211; (1461), 212
GENERAL INDEX
611
St. Albans, Assembly of, jury from
all England convened by King John
to assess the damages of the clergy
(1213): account of, II, 125
Saint-Aldegonde, Philippe Maruix de
(1538-1598), Flemish writer: de-
fends Antwerp, 13, 150
Saint Andre, Jacques d'Albon, Marshal
(d. 1562), French commander:
forms league with the Guises, 9, 152;
death of, 154
St. Annunziata (Collar of Savoy), Or-
der of, association of fifteen knights
founded by Amadeus VI of Italy:
account of, 4, 275
Saint-Antoine, France: battle of
(1653), 9, 205
St. Arnaud, Arnaud Jacques Leroy de
(1800-1854), French general: assists
schemes of Napoleon III, 9, 442; in
the Crimean War, 9, 447, 11, 615,
14, 452, 15, 311
Saint Aubin du Cormier, France: bat-
tle of (1488), 9, 128
St. Augustine, Florida: founded, 23,
43, 48; captured by Drake, 22, 135;
bombarded by Oglethorpe, 22, 194,
23, 81
Saint Bartholomew, Massacre of
(1572) : account of, 9, 157, 18, 262,
20, 298
St. Brice, Massacre of (1002 A. D.),
II, 158
St. Charles, Canada: battle of (1837),
20, 156
St. Christopher, one of the West In-
dies: settled, 20, 68; English ex-
pelled, 76
Saint Clair, General Arthur (1734-
1818), American officer: surrenders
Ticonderoga, 23, 252; court-mar-
tialed, 252; governor of Northwest
Territory, 319; defeat of, 365
Saint Cloud, Convention of, a meeting
of commissioners from the French,
English and Prussian forces (1815):
account of, 9, 365
St. Croix, Island of, one of the West
Indies: under Danish government,
20, 297
St. Croix River, North America: dis-
pute as to location, 23, 362, 24, 530
Saint-Cyr, Souvion (1 764-1830),
French statesman: his reforms in
the army, 9, 366; minister of war
in Richelieu ministry, 367
St. Denis, France: battles of (1562),
13, 460; (1567), 9, 155; (1837), 30,
156
Saint-Denis, Mathieu de (13th cen-
tury), French statesman: appointed
regent, 9, 84
Saint Domingo: see Santo Domingo
St. Elmo, Castle of, Naples: fall of
(1565), 14, 173
St. Eustache, Canada: battle of (1837),
20, 156
St. Eustatius, island of the Dutch
West Indies: under Dutch rule, 20,
73
St. George of the Mine, Africa : growth
of, 8, t> 22
Saint-Germain, Claude Louis, Comte
de (1707-1778), French general and
statesman: made minister of war,
9, 253
Saint Germain, Peace of, a treaty be-
tween the French Roman Catholics
and Huguenots (1570): account of,
9, 157
St. Germain, Treaty of, a peace be-
tween France and Brandenburg
(1679): account of, 16, 212
St. Gilles, Council of (1212): men-
tioned, 9, 78
Saint-Gothard, Hungary: battle of
(1664), 9, 208, 14, 238, 241, 17, 228
St. Gotthard Railways: building of
the, 13, 563, 574
St. Helena, island off the coast of Af-
rica: sketch of, 19, 213, 20, 263
Saint Jacques (St Jacob or St. Jakob),
Switzerland: battle of (1444), 9, 118,
13, 400, 18, 213
St. Jakob an der Birs, Hospital of,
Switzerland: battle of (1445), 13,
402
St. Jean d'Acre, Asia Minor: sieges of
(1 194), 9, 75 ; (1799), 9, 309, 10,
409, 14, 381
St. Jean Pied de Port, Spain: siege
of (1516), 8, 340
St John, North American island: dis-
covered, 20, 49
612
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
St. John, Henry, Viscount Boling-
broke (1678-1751), English author,
orator, and politician: holds office
as a moderate Tory, 11, 455; cre-
ated Viscount Bolingbroke, 463; be-
comes Secretary of State to the Pre-
tender, 469; his opposition to Wal-
pole, 478; his influence on Voltaire,
10, 13
St. John, John Pierce (1833 ),
American lawyer and statesman:
nominated for President (1884), 24,
946
Saint John, Knights of: founded, 18,
173; occupy Rhodes, 2, 536; settle
in Malta, 540; in crusade against
Turks, 14, 39; receive Prince Djem,
109; defend Malta, 170
St. John, Oliver (1596-1673), English
jurist and Republican: his mission
to The Hague, 13, 229
St John Lateran, Council of, a coun-
cil of the bishops of the Roman
Catholic Church (1513): account of,
9, 135
St. John's River, North America: dis-
covered, 23, 47; made boundary be-
tween Maine and Canada, 24, 531
St. Jorge da Mina: see El Mina
St. Julien, Peace cf, truce between
the Protestants and Catholics in
Switzerland, 13, 447
Saint Just, Antoine Louis Leon (1767-
1794), French Revolutionist: made
member of the committee of safety,
9, 285; his speech on the king's in-
violability, 10, 230; his threatening
speech in the convention, 291;
recalled from the army, 307; forms
triumvirate with Robespierre and
Couthon, 289; arrested, 314; re-
leased, 315; arrest and death of, 9,
291, 10, 318; his person and char-
acter, 10, 299
St. Knud's Guild, a Scandinavian guild
of the 12th century: 16, 76
"St Lawrence," an American frigate:
in the battle with the " Merrimac,"
24, 755
St. Lawrence, Gulf of, an arm of the
Atlantic, at the mouth of the St.
Lawrence river: fishery privileges
granted to the United States, 24,
959
St. Lawrence River, a river of North
America: as boundary of Nova Sco-
tia, 23, 167; as British boundary,
169
Saint-Leger (late 18th century), a
French revolutionist: conduct and
reception of, at the convention, 10,
338
St. Leger, Sir Anthony (16th century),
Lord Deputy of Ireland: adminis-
tration of, 12, 83; preaches Protes-
tant doctrines in Ireland, 85
St. Leger, Barry (d. 1789), a British
soldier: attempts to capture Fort
Stanwix, 23, 254
St. Leger, Sir William (17th century),
an English official in Ireland: his
campaign against the Irish rebels,
12, 116
St. Louis, Brazil, South America:
founded, 21, 33
St. Louis, Missouri, called The Queen
of the Mississippi Valley: Confed-
erates attempt to gain possession
of arsenal, 24, 721; headquarters of
the Whiskey Ring, 894; Democratic
convention (1876), 908; labor dis-
turbances, 961; Republican conven-
tion (1896), 1012; Populist conven-
tion (1896), 1015; National Silver
Party convention (1896), 1015;
Democratic convention (1904), 1064
St. Lucia (St. Lucie), British West
Indies: French policy concerning,
20, 100; restored to France by
Treaty of Paris, 23, 198; battle of
(1782), 9, 256
St. Lucia Bay, an inlet of the Indian
Ocean in Zululand: annexed to Cape
Colony, 19, 106
St. Marks, Florida: Spanish settlers
aid Seminoles, 23, 444
St. Martin's Church, Canterbury: first
used by Bertha, II, 27
St. Mary's, the first settlement in
Maryland: settled, 23, 70
St. Omer, France: siege of (1677),
13, 241
Saint-Ouen, Declaration of, a declara-
tion made by Louis XVIII in which
GENERAL INDEX
613
he guaranteed to France the liber-
ties promised by the senatorial con-
stitution (1814), 9, 355
St. Paul, Brazil, South America:
founded, 20, 94
St. Paul de Loanda, Angola, South
Africa: founded, 19, 21
St. Paul's School, a boy's school in
London, founded by Colet in 1510:
founded, II, 239
St. Petersburg, Russia: founded, 15,
45; building of, 87; floods at (1824),
266
St. Philip, Minorca, Balearic Islands:
siege of (1756), 9, 244
St. Pierre, a small island near the
coast of Newfoundland: history of,
20, 268; retained by France in
Treaty of Paris, 23, 198; destroyed
(1902), 20, 271
Saint Pierre (18th century), a French
soldier in America: commands Fort
le Boeuf, 23, 171
Saint Pol, General (16th century),
French military officer: his cam-
paign in Italy, 9, 141
Saint Pol, Louis de Luxembourg,
Count of (1418-1475), a French gen-
eral: execution of, 9, 124
St. Quentin, France: battle of (1557),
4, 307, 8, 354, 355, II, 272, 13, 70
St. Ruth (d. 1691), a French general:
his campaign in Ireland, 12, 150
St. Sacrament, a Portuguese settle-
ment near Buenos Ayres, South
America: battles of (1680), 20, 95;
(1705), 95
Saint Sebastian, Spain: taken by the
French (i795), 10, 347; siege of, 8,
53i
Saint-Severin, French ambassador at
Stockholm (1738): negotiations of,
16, 227
Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy, Duke
of (1675-1755), a French writer and
diplomat: made member of the
council of regency, 9, 227
St. Sophia, Church of, the famous
metropolitan church of the Greeks
at Constantinople: Constantine re-
ceives sacrament in, 14, 78; con-
verted into mosque by the Turks,
80
St. Stephen, Order of, an order insti-
tuted by Maria Theresa of Austria
for civil merit (1764): founded, 17,
255
St. Thomas, Island of, an island of the
West Indies: taken by the Danes,
20, yy, history of, 297; failure of
proposed purchase of, by the United
States, 24, 879
Saint Thome, a suburb of Madras,
India: battle of (1746), 5, 179
St. Thome, Island of: see San Thome
St. Vacslav, Convention of, a union of
the citizens of Prague against the
nobles (1517), 17, 149
St. Vincent, an island of the British
West Indies: ceded to England, 20,
120; seized by France (1778), 128
St. Vincent, France: battle of (1793),
10, 249
St Vincent, John Jervis, Earl: see
Jervis, John, Earl St. Vincent
St. Vit, Cathedral of, a cathedral at
Prague: founded, 17, 62
Sainte Marie, a small island east of
Madagascar: reoccupied by the
French, 19, 56, 212, 20, 277
Sainte-Menehould, Treaty of, a treaty
between Marie de' Medici and the
members of the insurrection led by
the Prince of Conde (1614), 9, 178
Saintes, France: battle of (1242), 9,
81
Saintfield, Ireland: battle of (1798),
12, 213
Saints, The Isle of: see Ireland
Saionji, Marquis, a contemporary
Japanese statesman: made president
of the Constitutional Political Asso-
ciation, 7, 238
Saka (Scythian) Era, an era in the
history of India: founded (78 A.
D.), 5, 74
Sakai Tadakiyo (17th century), Jap-
anese statesman: influence of, 7,
140
Sakanoue-no-Tamuramaro (8th cen-
tury), a Japanese soldier: his cam-
paign against the Emishi, 7, 27
614
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Sakhalin, an island in the Sea of
Okhotsk: occupied by Japan, 7, 188,
318, 15, 364; treaty regulations con-
cerning, 7, 319
Sakuma Shozan (late 19th century),
a Japanese politician: assassination
of, 7, 177
Sala ben Sala (early 15th century), a
Moorish governor in Spain: at siege
of Ceuta, 8, 301; at siege of Tan-
gier, 306
Salaberry (19th century), a Peruvian
general: seizes the governing power
in Peru, 31, 195
Saladin (Salah-ed-Din Yusuf ibn-
Ayub), Sultan of Egypt and Syria:
reign of, 1, 36; conquests of, 9, 75;
takes Jerusalem, 11, 10, 18, 155
Saladin Tithe, a tax imposed by Henry
II of England, 11, no
Salado, a river in Spain: battle of,
8, 286
Salaethus (5th century B. C.)> a Greek
soldier: at Mitylene, 2, 292; slain,
294
Salah-ed-Din Yusuf ibn-Ayub: see
Saladin
Salamanca, Spain: battle of (1812),
8, 486, 530, 9, 343, 11, 565
Salamanca, Juan de (16th century), a
Spanish soldier: slays the Aztec
leader, 22, 40
"Salaminia," an Athenian state-galley:
arrives in Sicily, 2, 334
Salamis, an island of ancient Greece:
taken by Megara, 2, 102; battle of,
202, 247; ravaged by Spartans, 290
Salamis, a city in Cyprus: Greek col-
ony of, 2, 57
Salankeman (Slankamen), a town in
Slavonia, Austria-Hungary: battle
of (1691), 14, 260
Salary Grab, The, a name applied to
a law passed in the United States
increasing the salary of members of
Congress (1873), 24, 896
Salas, Mariano (19th century), a Mex-
ican statesman: made president of
Mexico, 22, 310; member of pro-
visional government, 387
Salazar, Pedro Castro Figueroa, Duke
de la Conquista (d. 1742), Viceroy
of New Spain, 1740-1742: his ad-
ministration, 22, 194
Salazar y Baquijano (19th century),
a Peruvian statesman: deposed from
power, 21, 193
Salazar y Mazarredo, Eusebio (19th
century), a Spanish official in South
America: seizes the Chincha
Islands, 21, 203
Salbai, Treaty of, a treaty between the
British and the Marathas (1782), 5,
136, 193
Saldanha Oliveira e Daun, Duke of
(ca. 1791-1876), Portuguese states-
man and marshal: administration of,
8, 537
Saldivar, Vicente (16th century),
Mexican colonist: gathers emi-
grants, 22, 141
Sale, Sir Robert Henry (1 782-1846),
British soldier: defends Jalalabad,
5, 218
Salem, Massachusetts: arrival of set-
tlers under Endicott, 23, 87; re-
moval of Winthrop from, 88; gov-
ernment of colony, 88; religious
dissension in, 89; persecutions for
witchcraft, 89; becomes seat of gov-
ernment of Massachusetts, 220
Sales, Francis de (1567-1622), French
bishop and writer: teachings of, 13,
458
Salgar, E. (19th century), South
American statesman: elected presi-
dent of Colombia (1870), 21, 90
Salic Law, that part of the Salic laws
which forbids the succession of
women to the throne of any Salic
land: first application of, in France,
9, 90; introduced in Spain, 8, 403;
abolished by Ferdinand VII of
Spain, 496
Salim: see Jahangir
Salisbury, Earl of (13th century),
English soldier: defeated at Bou-
vines (1214), 11, 126
Salisbury, Richard, Earl of (15th cen-
tury), English soldier: beheaded,
11, 212
Salisbury, Robert Arthur Talbot Gas-
coyne Cecil, Marquis of, Viscount
Cranborne (1830-1903), English
GENERAL INDEX
615
statesman: resigns from Lord Der-
by's ministry, 1 1, 624; his view of
the Treaty of San Stafano, 14, 487;
first ministry of, II, 635; second
ministry of, 636; agrees to make
annexations in Africa that would
interfere with the German sphere,
I9 138; refuses to recall Lord Sack-
ville, 24, 967; third ministry of, 11,
637; the Venezuelan affair, 24, 1000;
on the Armenian massacres, 14,
500
Salisbury, Robert Cecil, Earl of, Vis-
count Cranborne (ca. 1563-1612),
English statesman: favored by
James I, 11, 307; made Lord Treas-
urer, 309
Salisbury, Thomas.de Montague, Earl
of (1388-1428), English soldier:
summons Welshmen to aid Richard
II (1399), 11, 186
Salisbury Cathedral, England: nave
of, built, 11, 141
Salis-Soglio, General von (19th cen-
tury), Swiss military officer: chosen
general of Conservative forces, 13,
551
Salivahana (1st century A. D.), Indian
king: at war with the Scythians, 5,
74
Salles, Jean Baptiste (d. 1794), French
revolutionist: death of, 10, 279
Salles, Manuel Campos, South Amer-
ican statesman: president of Brazil
(1898-1902), 21, 255
Sallier Papyrus, Egyptian manuscript:
description of, 1, 18
Salm, Club of, France, 10, 388
Salm, Count of (16th century), Ger-
man soldier: at siege of Vienna,
14, 155; death of, 156
Salmeron, Juan de (16th century),
Mexican statesman: made member
of the audiencia, 22, 107
Salmeron, Nicolas (19th century),
Spanish statesman: president of the
republic, 8, 513
Salmon Falls, New Hampshire: attack
on (1690), 23, 158
Salnave, Haytian statesman: elected
president of Hayti (1867), 22, 501
Salomon (9th century A. D.), Count
of Barcelona: reign of, 8, 223
Salomon, Haym (18th century), Amer-
ican financier: aids American revo-
lution, 1, 426
Salomon, Louis fitienne Felicite: Hay-
tian statesman: elected president of
Hayti (1879), 22, 501
Salomons, Sir David, English states-
man: elected member of Parliament
(1851), 1, 422
Salt Lake City, Utah: Mormon em-
pire founded at, 24, 982
Salvador, Central America: history of,
22, 439
Salvandy, Count of (1 795-1856),
French statesman: made minister
of public instruction, 9, 412
Salvatierra, Portugal: sieges of
(1211), 8, 100; (1704), 393
Salvatierra, Father (17th century), Mi-
lanese Jesuit: his work among the
Indians, 22, 180; plans conquest of
the Californias, 183
Salvatierra, Garcia Sarmiento, Conde
de, Viceroy of New Spain, 1642-
1647: administration of, 22, 166
Salverte, Anne Joseph Eusebe Bacan-
niere (1771-1839), French writer
and statesman: his relations to the
revolution of 1830, 9, 391
Salzbach, Germany: battle of (1675),
9, 211
Salzburg, Austria-Hungary: Taurisci
settle in, 17, 11; insurrection of, 11
Salzburgers: as American colonists,
23, 127
Sam, Simon, President of Hayti, 1896-
1902: administration of, 22, 501
Samail (8th century A. D.), Arabian
leader: his campaigns in Spain, 8,
68
Samanid Dynasty, the dynasty ruling
Persia, 874-999: reign of, 5, 328;
bravery of, I, 364
Samar, island of the Philippine group:
visited by Magellan, 23, 37
Samaria, Asia Minor: made capital of
Israel, 1, 390; besieged by the Hada-
dezer of Damascus, 390; siege of
(724-722 B. C), 394
616
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Samarin, Yuri (19th century), Russian
revolutionist: labors of, 15, 324
Samarkand, city in Turkestan: chosen
capital by Timur, 14, 46; captured
by the Moguls (1497), 5, 109
Sama-Veda, collection of Hindu
hymns: rise of, 5, 42
Sambhaji, Maratha king, 1680-1689:
reign of, 5, 132; death of (1689),
122, 132
Samkiv (19th century), Russian ivory
hunter: explorations of, 16, 306
Samnite Wars: First (343-341 B. C),
3, 66; Second (327-304 B. C.) 69;
Third (298-290 B. C), 72
Samnites, an Italian people: descrip-
tion of, 3, 65
Samo the Merchant (7th century A.
DO, leader of Slavs: unites Slavonic
tribes, 18, 65; career of, 17, 20;
death of, 21
Samoan Dispute, The, a diplomatic
complication concerning the Sa-
moan islands, 24, 977
Samoan Islands, South Pacific Ocean:
part of, annexed by Germany, 20,
302; Pago Pago ceded to the United
States, 321
Samoilovich (17th century), Cossack
hetman: accession of, 15, 25
Samory (Samadu) (19th century), Af-
rican lord: sketch of, 19, 148; at
war with the French, 149; captured
by the French, 151
Samos, an island of the Aegean Sea:
Ionic settlement of, 2, 55; coloniza-
tion from, 82; Polycrates tyrant at,
126; fleet of, at Lade, 137; recon-
quered by Persians, 137; revolts
from Persia, 212; revolts from Ath-
ens, 260; in Peloponnesian War, 353;
Athenian fleet at, 355; sedition at,
357; taken by Lysander, 382; taken
by the Athenians, 453
Samoset (17th century), American In-
dian chief: welcomes Englishmen,
23, 85
Sampeyo, Lopo Vaz de (early 16th
century), Spanish statesman: vice-
roy of the Indies, 8, 434
Sampson, William Thomas, an Amer-
ican naval officer: born at Palmyra,
N. Y., February 9, 1840; graduated
at the Naval Academy at Annapolis,
i860; commissioned lieutenant, 1862;
served in the South Atlantic block-
ading squadron, 1865; commissioned
lieutenant-commander, 1866; ordered
on special duty by Congress, 1872;
given a commander's commission,
1874; served in the Asiatic sta-
tion, 1879-1882, and at the Naval
Observatory, 1882-1885; superin-
tendent of the Naval Academy,
1886-1890; delegate to the interna-
tional maritime conference in Wash-
ington, 1889; made Captain, 1889;
became chief of the Bureau of Ord-
nance, 1893; president of the board
of inquiry regarding the cause of
the destruction of the " Maine " in
Havana Harbor, 1898; made acting
rear-admiral in command of the
North Atlantic Squadron at the out-
break of the Spanish-American
War; commissioned commodore,
July 3, 1898, and rear-admiral, Au-
gust 10, 1898; retired, 1902; died in
Washington, D. C, May 6, 1902
Commands the North Atlantic
Squadron, 8, 520, 22, 458, 24, 1028;
controversy with Schley, 24, 1035;
member of Spanish-American Com-
mission, 22, 463
Samrah, Persia: battles of (363 A. D.),
5, 318; (1733), 35 1
Samsoun, Asia Minor: annexed by
Bayezid, 14, 38
Samuel (1 170-1075 B. C), Hebrew
prophet and judge: account of, 1,
381
Samuel ha-Nagid (993-1055), Jewish
statesman: minister of state at Gra-
nada, 1, 417
Samund: see Saemund
Samus (early 19th century), Russian
soldier: his guerrilla warfare, 15,
249
Samvat Era, an Indian system of
reckoning historical dates, begin-
ning 57 B. C. : founded, 5, 73
San Andres, Mexico: founded, 22, 138
GENERAL INDEX
617
San Antonio, Texas: founded, 22, 189;
army stores given to Confederates,
34, 691
San Antonio Abad, Mexico: battle of
(1847), 22, 348
San Cosme, Aqueduct of, Mexico:
built, 22, 152
San Domingo: see Santo Domingo
San Felipe de Linares, Mexico: found-
ed, 22, 187
San Felipe Yztlahuaca, Mexico:
founded, 22, 117
San Fernando, Texas: founded, 22,
191
San Francisco, California, called The
City of the Golden Gate: taken by
the Americans, 22, 297; growth in
1849, 24, 597; destroyed by earth-
quake, 1084
San Francisco de Borja, Mexico:
burned, 22, 167
San Gabrielle, river of California: bat-
tle of the (1847), 22, 300
San Ildefonso, Treaty of, an agree-
ment between France and Spain
(1800): account of, 20, 269, 23,
395
San Jacinto, Texas: battle of (1836),
22, 281, 34, 534
" San Jacinto," American sloop of
war: in the "Trent Affair," 24,
729
San Jacinto, Hero of: see Houston,
Sam
San Juan, Central America: waterway
seized by Central American States,
24, 627; bombardment of (1854),
642
San Juan Hill, Cuba: battle of (1898),
22, 459, 24, 1029; Roosevelt dis-
tinguished at, 24, 1069
San Juan Island, off the African coast:
under Spanish rule, 20, 299
San Leopoldo, Brazil: insurrection in
(1874), 31, 178
San Lucia, Brazil: battle of (1842), 31,
170
San Luis Potosi, Mexico: founded, 33,
138
San Martin, one of the Antilles: dis-
covered, 3i, 9
San Martin, Jose de (early 19th cen-
tury), Chilian patriot: aids revolu-
tionists in Chili, 31, 71; president
of Chili, 215
San Martino, Italy: battle of (1859),
4, 373
San Miguel, Virginia or North Caro-
lina: founded, 23, 38
San Miguel Arcangle de Linares de
Adayes, Presidio de, Spanish for-
tress in Texas: founded, 22, 189
San Miguel el Grande: see Allende
San Miguel Mesqitic, California:
founded, 22, 138
San Paulo, Brazil, South America:
insurrection in (1841), 21, 170; for-
eign element in, 251
San Pedro de Gormaz, Spain: battle
of, 8, 135
San Raphael, California: battle of
(1846), 22, 296
San Roman, Miguel (1802-1863), Pe-
ruvian general, President of Peru,
1862-1863: denounces Lafuente, 21,
196; attempts an insurrection, 199;
made president of Peru, 201
San Salvador, one of the West Indies:
discovered by Columbus, 21, 6, 23,
31; assaulted by the Dutch (1624),
8, 460, 20, 59; growth of, 19, 20
San Sebastian: see Saint Sebastian
San Souci, The Philosopher of: see
Frederick (II) the Great, King of
Prussia
San Stefano, Treaty of, peace between
Russia and Turkey (1878): account
of, 11, 632, 14, 486, 15, 337, 17,
420
San Thome (San Tome or St.
Thome), Island of, an island in the
Gulf of Guinea: sketch of, 19, 213;
burned (1617), 21, 31; under Portu-
guese rule, 20, 298
Sanballat (6th century B. C), Prince
of Samaria: attempts to hinder the
rebuilding of Jerusalem, 1, 402
Sanborn, Benjamin H. (19th century),
American abolitionist: John Brown
aided by, 24, 673
Sancerre, France: siege of (1572), 9,
158
618
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Sanchez (d. 1870), Paraguayan soldier
and statesman: death of, 31, 160
Sanchez, Andres Manuel (d. 1826),
Cuban patriot: death of, 22, 451 ,
Sanchez, Manuel Antonio (19th cen-
tury), Bolivian statesman: member
of Council of State of Bolivia, 21,
188
Sanchez, Pedro (late 16th century),
Spanish Jesuit: founds Jesuit Col-
lege in Mexico, 22, 129
Sancho (I) Ramirez (IV of Navarre),
King of Aragon, 1076-1094; invades
Andalusia, 90; his campaign against
the Moors, 100; accession to throne
of Navarre, 201; reign of, 231
Sancho (I) the Fat, King of Asturias
and Leon, 955-967: revolt of, 8, 136;
reign of, 137
Sancho (II) the Brave, King of Leon
and Castile, 1065-1072: reign of, 8,
142
Sancho III, King of Leon and Castile,
1157-1158: reign of, 8, 146
Sancho IV, King of Leon and Castile,
1284-1295: rebellion of, 8, 155; ac-
cession of, 156
Sancho I (Garces Abaraca), King of
Navarre, 905-925: reign of, 8, 197
Sancho (II) el Mayor, King of Na-
varre, 970-1035: invades Leon, 8,
139; reign of, 199
Sancho III, King of Navarre, 1054-
1076: reign of, 8, 200
Sancho (IV) Ramirez, King of Na-
varre: see Sancho (I) Ramirez, King
of Aragon
Sancho V, King of Navarre, 1150-
1194: reign of, 8, 203
Sancho VI, King of Navarre, 1194-
1234: reign of, 8, 204
Sancho I (1154-1211), King of Portu-
gal, 1185-1211, called The Restorer
of Cities: forms alliance with Al-
fonso IX of Leon, 8, 147; his cam-
paigns against the Moors, 276;
reign of, 277
Sancho II, King of Portugal, 1223-
1248: reign of, 8, 279
Sancho (13th century), Count of Rous-
sillon: regent of Aragon, 8, 239
Sancho Inigo, Count of Bigorre and
King of Navarre, ca. 9th century:
reign of, 8, 195
Sanclamente, M. A., President of Co-
lombia, 1898-1900: election and dep-
osition of, 21, 245
Sand, Karl Ludwig (early 19th cen-
tury), German student: assassinates
Kotzebue, 18, 394
Sandeman, Sir Robert Groves (1838-
1892), British statesman: sketch of,
5, 266
Sanderson's Hope, island in the Arc-
tic Ocean: discovered, 16, 302
Sandi, Don Alvaro de (16th century),
Spanish military officer: captured
by Turks, 14, 166
Sandon: see Herakles
Sandoval, Francisco Tello de (early
16th century), Spanish statesman:
commissioned to enforce the abo-
rigine laws in Mexico, 22, no
Sandoval, Gonzalo de (1496-1528),
Spanish soldier; joins Cortez, 22,
10; at the siege of Mexico, 52; his
conquests in Mexico, 66; death of,
70
Sandwich, Edward Montague, Earl of
(1625-1672), English admiral: death
of, 13, 236
Sandwich Islands, Pacific Ocean: dis-
covered, 20, 124; history of, 307
Sandys, Sir Edwin (1 561-1629), Eng-
lish politician and author: appoint-
ed councilor, 23, 57
Saneha (ca. 20th century B. C),
Egyptian adventurer: account of, 1,
18
Sangala, India: battle of (327 B. C),
5, 68
Sangamon River, Illinois: Lincoln
family settle on, 24, 666
Sangipan (early 5th century A. D.),
King of the Alans: forms alliance
with Aetius, 18, 41
Sanitary Commission, The, in Amer-
ican Civil War: work of, 24, 825
Sanjar (d. 1141), Persian sultan: reign
of, 5, 331
Sanjo Sanetomi (early 19th century),
Japanese courtier: accompanies
Mori Yoshichika to his fief, 7, 163;
restored to his former rank, 167
GENERAL INDEX
619
Sankara Acharya (ca. gth century A.
D.), Hindu religious reformer:
sketch of, 5, 80
Sankolinsin, General (late 19th cen-
tury), Chinese military officer: men-
tioned, 6, 171, 179
Sano Takenosuke (late 19th century),
Japanese assassin: leader of the
murderers of Naosuki, 7, 161
Sanquhar Declaration, the protest of a
sect of Covenanters against the
English government: account of, 12,
348_
San-sin, China: occupied by Russia
(1900), 7, 285
Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez de (1795-
1876), a Mexican general and poli-
tician: leads revolts (1823), 22, 258;
(1828), 268; defeats the Spanish, 270;
leads revolt against Bustamante,
271; elected president of Mexico,
271; attempts to change form of
Mexican government, 24, 532; orders
garrison of the Alamo to be shot,
534; defeated at San Jacinto, 22,275,
24, 534; captured, 24, 534; made
dictator, 22, 277; his return to
power, 310; elected president of
Mexico (1846), 315; defeated at
Buena Vista, 22, 307, 24, 548; at
battle of Cerro Gordo, 24, 549;
leaves Mexico, 22, 377; returns
to Mexico (1853), 381; career of,
400
Santa Catharina, a state in Brazil:
foreign element in, 21, 251
Santa Cruz, a small island in the West
Indies: discovered, 21, 9
Santa Cruz, a seaport of the Canary
Islands: battle of (1657), n, 371
Santa Cruz, Conde de (late 16th cen-
tury), a Portuguese governor in In-
dia: sends expeditions against pi-
rates, 8, 458
Santa Cruz, Andres (1794-1865), a Bo-
livian general and politician: invades
Peru, 21, 186; made president of
Bolivia, 186; arrested, 188; his mis-
sion to Paris, 189; president of the
Supreme Council of Peru, 192; made
protector of Bolivia and Peru, 195;
aids exiled Chilians, 217
Santa Cruz de Rosales, Mexico: bat-
tle of (1848), 22, 378
Santa Fe, New Mexico: founded, 23,
^ 43; siege of (1680), 22, 176; occu-
' pied by Kearny, 24, 549
" Santa Maria," the flagship of Colum-
bus in the voyage of 1492: fitted out
for Columbus, 23, 29; wrecked, 32
Santa Maria (19th century), President
of Chili: presidency of, 21, 238
Santa Maria de la Concepcion, a small
island in the West Indies: discov-
ered and named, 21, 6
Santa Maria la Antigoa, a small island
in the Antilles: discovered, 21, 9
Santa Maria la Redonda, a small
island in the Antilles: discovered,
21, 9
Santa Marta, Colombia, South Amer-
ica: founded, 21, 16; burned by
Drake (1596), 30
Santa Rosa de Carchi, Treaty of, a
treaty between Ecuador and New
Granada (1846), 21, no
Santa Sophia: see St. Sophia
Santals, a tribe in India: description
of, 5, 29
Santander, Francisco de Paula (1792-
1840), a New Granadan general and
politician: honored, 21, 84; elected
president of New Granada, 85
Santangel, Luiz de (late 15th century),
a Spanish courtier: aids Columbus,
21, 4
Santarem, Portugal: battles of (1072),
8, 143; (1 184), 98
Santee, a river in South Carolina:
battle of the (1780), 23, 278
Santerre, Antoine Joseph (1752-1809),
a French revolutionist and general:
leader of the populace, 9, 272
Santiago, Chili: founded, 21, 26; mar-
tial law declared (1858), 218; inter-
national exhibition at (1875), 229
Santiago de Cuba, a seaport of Cuba:
founded, 22, 447; battles of (1537),
449; Virginius' trial at, 24, 887; bat-
tle of (1898), 8, 520, 20, 329, 22,
460, 24, 1030; surrenders to General
Shafter, 1030
Santo Domingo, an island of the West
Indies; main treatment, 22, 491;
620
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
settled, 23, 33', Isabella (San Do-
mingo) built, 31, 10; sacked by-
Drake (1580), 30; conquered by the
English, 20, 71; traces of pirates in,
69; under French colonization, 72;
condition of, at the outbreak of the
French Revolution, 137; revolt of
(1791), 10, 160, 445, 20, 138; failure
of expedition to, 23, 397; trade of,
ruined, 20, 237; Roosevelt urges
treaty with, 24, 1077; see also Do-
minican Republic
Santo Stefano, Hieronimo di (late
15th century), an Italian voyager:
visits India, 5, 141
Santos, Maximo (late 19th century),
Uruguayan statesman, President of
Uruguay, 1886; administration of,
21, 258
Sanuki, Japan: battle of, 7, 62
Sapor: see Shahpur
Sappho (ca. 600 B. C.)> Greek lyric
poetess: sketch of, 2, 115
Saracens, name given by mediaeval
Christians to Arab followers of Mo-
hammed and later to Mohammedans
in general: invade Spain, 8, 46; in-
vade France, 18, 73; foes of Byzan-
tine empire, 2, 533; invade Italy, 4,
179; see also Arabia
Saragossa, Spain: captured by Charle-
magne (778 A. D.), 8, 70, 18, 81;
captured by Christians (1118 A. D.),
8, 92, 233; battle of (1710), 8, 399,
9, 223; besieged by French (1808),
8, 489, 10, 477
Saragossa, Treaty of, agreement con-
cluded between Spain and Portugal
(1529), 5, 146
Sarakos: see Sin-shar-ishkum
Saratoga, New York: battle of (1777),
9, 254, 11, 517, 12, 181, 20, 128, 23,
255
Sarawak, a British protectorate in .the
island of Borneo: sketch of, 20,
255
Sardanapaleus : see Ashur-bani-pal
Sardes (Sardis), capital of Lydia, Asia
Minor: battle of (early 7th century
B. C), 1, 145; captured by Cyrus
(546 B. C.)> 1, 146, 2, 124; Athe-
nians burn, 1, 166, 2, 135; submits
to Alexander, 2, 489
Sardinia, island in the Mediterranean:
Phoenicians colonize, I, 121; added
to the Roman empire, 3, 107; con-
quered for Caesar, 342; revolts
against Aragon, 8, 255; rebels
against Martin I of Sicily, 258
Sardinia, Kingdom of, a former king-
dom of Italy, including the duchy
of Savoy, and the island of Sar-
dinia: founded, 18, 316
Sarduris, King of Armenia, ca. 735 B.
C: defeated by Assyrians, 1, 83
Sargent, John (early 19th century),
American statesman: nominated for
Vice-President (1831), 23, 498
Sargon I (Shargani-shar-ali, Sharru-
kin), King of Agade in Babylonia,
ca, 3800 B. C. : reign of, 1, 75
Sargon II, King of Assyria, 722-705
B. C: captures Carchemish (717 B.
C.) i> !4 2 ; places Dalta on the
throne of the Medes, 158; captures
Samaria, 394; reign of, 840
Sarmatians or Saurometae, Scythian
tribe: settle on the banks of the
lower Danube, 17, 15; repulsed by
the Romans (356 A. D.), 15
Sarmiento, Domingo Faustino (181 1-
1888), Argentinian statesman: sketch
of, 21, 118; made president of the
Argentine Republic, 133
Sarmizegethusa, Transylvania: battle
of (101 A. D.), 17, 13
Sarpi, Paolo (1552-1623), Italian writ-
er and theologian: attempts to bring
about a reformation in Venice, 4,
314
Sarsfield, Patrick, Earl of Lucan (d.
1693), Irish Jacobite general: at
the battle of the Boyne, 12, 143; at
the siege of Limerick, 144; signs
Treaty of Limerick, 153; death of,
154
Sartorius, Count de San Luis (19th
century), Spanish statesman: be-
comes premier, 8, 503
Saskatchewan, Province of, Canada:
created and admitted to the Cana-
dian union, 20, 170
GENERAL INDEX
621
Sass, General (19th century), Austrian
military officer: in the Hungarian
insurrection, 15, 301
Sassanids or Sassanians, dynasty of
Persian kings (218-643 A. D.) : reign
of, 5, 313
Satara, a district in India: escheats
to the British government, 5, 228
Satchar (17th century), Mongol chief-
tain: threatens frontier of China, 6,
64
Satrapies, system of government: in-
stituted by Darius, 2, 130
Saturninus, Claudius Sentius, Roman
governor in Germany, 4-6 A. D.:
his campaign in Gaul, 4, 44
Saturninus, Lucius Antonius (1st cen-
tury A. D.), Roman soldier: rebel-
lion of, 4, 84
Saturninus, Lucius Appuleius (d. 99
B. C), Roman statesman: leader of
the populace, 3, 199; rupture with
Marius, 201; death, 201
Sauchieburn, Scotland: battle of
(1488), 12, 298
Saul ben Kish (nth century B. C),
King of the Israelites, 1055-1033 B.
C: reign of, 1, 381; death of, 384
Saurometae: see Sarmatians
Saussure, Horace Benedict de (1740-
x 799)> Swiss naturalist: sketch of,
. 13, 494
Sauzet, Jean Pierre Paul (1800-1876),
French advocate and politician:
made minister of justice, 9, 409
Savage Station, Virginia: battle of
(1862), 24, 761
Savannah, Georgia: founded by Ogle-
thorpe, 23, 81; only town during
colonial period of Georgia, 81; cap-
tured by British (1778), 271; popu-
lation in time of Jackson, 479; cap-
tured by Sherman (1864), 24, 805
Savenay, France: battle of (1793), 10,
248 note, 276
Savile, George, Marquis of Halifax:
see Halifax, George Savile, Marquis
of
Saviour of the Nation, The: see Crom-
well, Oliver
Savonarola, Girolamo, an Italian po-
litical and religious reformer: born
at Ferrara, Italy, September 21,
1452; became a Dominican monk at
Bologna, 1475; removed to Florence,
1482, and was elected prior of San
Marco, 1491; was one of the chief
instruments in the overthrow of the
Medici and the restoration of the
republic, 1494; summoned to Rome,
1495; was forbidden to preach by
the Vatican; submitted to this com-
mand at first, but declared he was
unable to resist the prophetic spirit,
and was excommunicated, 1497;
death sentence was pronounced on
May 22, 1498, and on the day fol-
lowing he and two fellow monks
were publicly hanged and then
burned, and their ashes were thrown
into the Arno
Sketch of, 4, 282
Savoy, House of, a royal family of
Europe, now the reigning house of
the kingdom of Italy: history of,
during the Middle Ages, 4, 272
Savoy Conference, a conference held
at the Savoy in London for the
purpose of securing ecclesiastical
unity between Episcopalians and
Presbyterians (1661), n, 382
Saxe, Count Maurice de (Maurice of
Saxony) (1696-1750), a French mar-
shal: expelled from Courland, 15,
99; his campaigns in the War of
the Austrian Succession, 9, 237, 13,
2 55, I 8, 331; his campaign in the
Netherlands, 11, 487
Saxe-Coburg, Friedrich Josias, Prince
of: see Coburg, Friedrich Josias,
Prince of
Saxo Grammaticus (13th century), a
Danish historian: his "History of
Denmark," 16, 7, 17, 18, 178
Saxon League, The, a union of the
maritime tribes on the shores of the
German Ocean (250-800), 13, n
Saxons, the people that formerly lived
in the northern part of Germany:
origin of, II, 15; location of, 18, 6;
growth of, 28; struggle of, with the
Franks, 13, n; harass Romans, 11,
15; their conquests in Britain, 18;
their wars with Charlemagne, iS,
622
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
79; accept Christianity, 81; suprem-
acy of the West Saxons, II, 41;
their relations with Henry IV of
Germany, 18, 132; defeated by
Henry V of Germany, 140; settle
in Hungary, 17, 53
Saxony, a kingdom of Germany:
granted to Albert the Bear of Bran-
denburg, 17, 91; division of, 18, 255
note; concludes an alliance with
Maria Theresa, 17, 241
Say, Lord (15th century), an English
lord: beheaded by Jack Cade, 11,
210
Saybrook, Connecticut: established,
33, 92
Saye and Sele, William Fiennes, Vis-
count (1582-1662), an English poli-
tician: proprietor of Connecticut
Colony, 23, 92; secures charter for
Connecticut, 93
Sayle, William (late 17th century), an
early American colonist: brings set-
tlers from Barbadoes, 23, 75
Sayyid Ahmad Khan Bahadur, Sir (d.
1898), Mohammedan reformer:
founds the Mohammedan Anglo-
Oriental College, 5, 256
Sayyid Dynasty, a family ruling in
India, 1414-1451: reign of 5, 104
Sazava, a river in Bohemia: battle of
(1422), 17, 132
Scaepio, Quintus (1st century B. C.)
a Roman politician: opposes reforms
of Drusus, 3, 203
Scaevola, Publius Mucius (2nd cen-
tury B. C.)> a Roman jurist: influ-
ence of, 3, 175
Scaevola, Quintus Mucius (d. 82 B.
C.) a Roman jurist and orator:
character of, 3, 202; Fimbria at-
tempts to kill, 224
Scala, Mastino della (1298-1351),
Prince of Verona: Venice joins
Florence against, 4, 249
"Scalawags," a name applied to ex-
Confederates who became Repub-
licans: meaning of term, 24, 864
Scanderbeg (Skanderbeg) (originally
George Castriota) (1404-1467), an
Eastern warrior: born in Albania:
his successes against Turks, 14, 60,
69, 82; death of, 85
Scandinavia, History of: the primi-
tive north, 16, 3; sagas and eddas
mediaeval chronicles, 7; the emer-
gence of Denmark, 16; Christianity
in the far north, 25; Harald Haar-
fager and Scandinavian expansion,
34; kings and heroes of the Yng-
lingar line in Norway, 51; rise of
the church in Denmark under the
Estridsens, 67; Denmark's age of
glory under the Valdemars, 80; Nor-
way and Sweden before the Union
of Calmar, 97; Denmark and the
Union of Calmar, no; a century of
Danish domination, 126; Gustavus
Vasa and the Swedish revolution,
147; the rise of Sweden into Euro-
pean prominence, 161; Gustavus
Adolphus and the Thirty Years'
War, 175; Denmark in eclipse, 189;
Sweden's advances in acquisitions
and prestige, 204; the Great North-
ern War and the decline of abso-
lute power, 214; benevolent despot-
ism in Denmark, 230; Scandinavia in
the age of political revolution, 247;
Slesvig-Holstein, 265; constitutional
government in the three kingdoms,
267
Scapula, Ostorius, Roman governor
of Britain, 50 A. D.: his campaign
in Britain, 4, 59; rules Britain, 11,
9
Scarlatti, Alexander (ca. 1656-1725),
an Italian composer and musician:
sketch of, 4, 414
Scaurus, Marcus Aemilius (163-89 B.
C), a Roman soldier and statesman:
member of African commission, 3,
188; his campaigns against the Celts,
3, 192, 17, 11; leader of senatorial
party, 3, 201; trial of, 202; aids Dru-
sus in his reforms, 203
Scaurus, Marcus Aemilius, a son of
the preceding: leads expedition
against Aretas, 3, 274
Scaurus, Marcus Aurelius (d. 105 B.
C.)> Roman legate in Gaul: defeated
by Cimbri, 3, 193
GENERAL INDEX
623
Schaal, John Adam (1591-1669), a
German Jesuit missionary in China:
account of, 6, 39, 61; succeeded by
Verbiest, 62
Schafarik (Safarik) Paul Joseph
(1795-1861), a Hungarian philolo-
gist: his work on the Slavonic peo-
ples, 15, 288
Schaffhausen, a canton of Switzer-
land: annexed to Switzerland, 18,
214; insurrection in (1798), 13, 509
Schamyl (1797-1871), a Caucasian
leader: career of, 15, 298, 329
Scharnhorst, Gerhard Johann David
von (1755-1813), a German general:
his efforts to liberate Germany, 18,
375> 379; his mission to Austria, 17,
307; death of, 18, 382
Schassburg, southeastern Europe:
battle of (1849), 15, 301
Schauenburg (late 18th century),
French general: his campaign in
Switzerland, 13, 510
Schauensee, Meyer von (late 18th cen-
tury), Swiss patriot: his speech be-
fore the Helvetic Society, 13, 503
Schaumburg-Lippe, Frederick Wil-
liam, Count of (1724-1777), a German
soldier: takes command of Portu-
guese army, 8, 473
Schehadeddin (15th century), Turkish
commander: his expedition against
Hungary, 17, 157
Schenck, Martin (d. 1590), Dutch sol-
dier: career of, 13, 155
Schenck Robert Cumming (late 19th
century), American statesman: in
Joint High Commission, 24, 883
Schenectady, New York: attack on
(1690), 23, 158
Scheremetjev: see Sheremetriev
Scherer, Barthelemy Louis Joseph
(1747-1804), French soldier: his
campaigns against the allied forces,
9, 293; commands army in Italy, 308
Schering, Captain (late 19th century),
German naval officer: annexes An-
gra Pequena to Germany, 19, 104
Scherr, Thomas (early 19th century),
Swiss educator: directs training
school for teachers, 13, 542
Schertlin, Sebastien (early 16th cen-
tury), German soldier: campaigns
of, 18, 250, 254
Scheuchzer, Johann Jakob (1672-
1733), Swiss scientist: sketch of, 13,
482, 488
Scheveling, Holland: battle of (1653),
13, 230
Schibi, Christian (d. 1653), Swiss rev-
olutionist: leads insurrection, 13.
472; death of, 473
Schiefer, Wolfgang (Severus) (16th
century), Austrian scholar: his influ-
ence on Maximilian II of Austria,
17, 179
Schill, Ferdinand von (1 776-1 809),
Prussian soldier: defends Colberg,
18, 372; revolt of, 376
Schiller, Johann Christ oph Friedrich
von (1759-1805), German poet: at
Weimar, 18, 353, 381
Schilling, Diebold, of Berne (14th cen-
tury), Swiss historian: sketch of,
13, 427
Schilling, Diebold, of Lucerne (14th
century), Swiss historian: sketch of,
13, 427
Schimmelmann, Count (18th century),
Danish statesman: ministry of, 16,
240
Schinner, Matthew, Bishop of Sion
(early 16th century), Swiss ecclesi-
astic and statesman: raises troops
for the Pope, 13, 421
Schism Act, a measure to force con-
formity to the Church of England
(1714): account of, II, 466
Schlegel, Frederick (1772-1829), Ger-
man scholar and critic: in the Aus-
trian service, 17, 320
Schlegel, Johann Heinrich (1724-
1780), German historian: in Den-
mark, 16, 240
Schleppegrell, General (early 19th
century), German general: in the
Slesvig-Holstein War, 16, 271
Schleswig (Slesvig, Slesvick), Ger-
many: Olaf invested with, 16, 72;
incorporated with Denmark, 226,
236; added to the German em-
pire, 18, 107; restored to Den-
mark, 125; controversy between
Denmark and Russia about, 15, 80;
624
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
controversy settled, 117; revolt
of, 18, 399, 404; Austria and Prus-
sia dispute Denmark's possession of,
17, 390, 18, 408
Schley, Winfield Scott, an American
naval officer: born at Frederick,
Maryland, October 9, 1839; gradu-
ated at the Naval Academy in i860;
served in the Gulf Squadron in the
Civil War, and in 1871, as lieuten-
ant-commander took part in the at-
tack on the Salu River forts in
Korea; in 1884, commanded the
Greely relief expedition and rescued
Lieutenant Greely and six compan-
ions at Cape Sabine, Greenland; was
captain of the " Baltimore " at Val-
paraiso, Chili, in 1891; in the same
year, carried Captain Ericsson's
body to Sweden, receiving a gold
medal from the king of that coun-
try; was made commodore, Febru-
ary, 1898, and commanded the Fly-
ing Squadron in Cuban waters dur-
ing the war with Spain; commanded
the blockading fleet at the destruc-
tion of the Spanish fleet off Santi-
ago, July 3, 1898; was promoted
rear admiral in August, 1898
Rescues the Greely party, 16, 320;
commands Flying Squadron, 24,
1028; in battle of Santiago, 1030;
controversy with Sampson, 1035
Schlick, Count of (early 17th century),
Austrian politician: leads conspir-
acy, 17, 201
Schlippenbach, General (early 17th
century), Swedish military officer:
campaigns of, 15, 41
Schliisselburg, Russia: occupied by the
Russians (1702), 15, 44
Schmalkalden League, The, an asso-
ciation of Reformers in Germany:
sketch of, 18, 249
Schmalkalden League, War of, war
between the Catholics and Luther-
ans (1546-1555): account of, 18,
254
Schmerling, Anton von (1805-1893),
Austrian jurist and statesman: made
prime minister, 17, 386; resigns,
389
Schmidt (early 19th century), a lawyer
of Vienna: made president of the
diet of Vienna (1849), 17, 374
Schmied, Konrad (16th century),
Swiss monk and reformer: reforms
of, 13, 436
Schnell, Karl (early 19th century),
Swiss barrister and politician: de-
mands a reform in the constitution,
13, 533
Schnell, Ludwig (early 19th century),
Swiss reformer of German birth:
demands a reform in the constitu-
tion, 13, 533; sketch of, 534
Schoeffer, Peter (15th century), Ger-
man printer: partner of Fust, 18,
221
Schofield, John McAllister (1831 ),
American general and statesman: in
Sherman's march to Atlanta, 24,
794; attacked by Hood, 803; joins
Sherman at Goldsboro, 808; Secre-
tary of War, 855; retires from Cab-
inet, 861; retained in Grant's Cab-
inet, 861
Schomberg, Friedrich von, Duke of
Schomberg (1615-1690), Protestant
soldier of German birth: campaign
of, in Ireland, II, 437, 12, 141; death
of, 12, 142
Schomberg, Henry, Count of (1575-
1632), French marshal: draws up
the Edict of Nantes, 9, 171
Schomburgh, Sir Robert (1804-1865),
German traveler: his mission to
Venezuela, 21, 263
Schonbrunn, Germany: Napoleon at,
18, 367, 377
Schonbrunn, Treaties of:
1805. An offensive and defensive
alliance between France and Prus-
sia, 9, 326
1809. A treaty concluded between
Napoleon I and Francis I of Aus-
tria, 17, 299
Schoolmen, The, mediaeval Scholastic
philosophers: account of, II, 192
Schools, Public: established in Massa-
chusetts, 23, 140; in the South, 24,
589
Schoosshalde, Switzerland: battle of
(1289), 13, 361
GENERAL INDEX
625
Schreiner, William P., Premier of
Cape Colony, 1898-1900: leads Af-
rikander Bund, 20, 232
Schuhmacher, Placidus (d. 1764), Swiss
citizen: leads burgesses of Lucerne,
13, 499
Schulenberg, Johan Matthias, Count
von (1661-1747), Prussian general:
at the battle of Punitz, 16, 217
Schumacher, Peder: see Griffenfeld,
Peder Schumacher, Count
Schurman, Jacob Gould (1854 ),
American educator: member of the
Philippine commission, 20, 316, 24,
1042
Schurz, Carl (1829-1906), American
publicist of German birth: joins lib-
eral movement, 24, 800; Secretary
of the Interior, 916; opposes election
of Blaine (1884), 946
Schuyler, Eugene (1840-1890), an
American diplomat and author: in-
vestigates Bulgarian troubles, 14,
477
Schuyler, Philip (1733-1804), an Amer-
ican general and politician: appoint-
ed major-general, 23, 231; abandons
Fort Edward, 253; censured, 252; re-
lieved from command of army in
New York, 254; in first Congress,
343
Schwaderloo, Switzerland: battle of
(1499), 13, 418
Schwanstadt, Austria: battle of (1800),
9, 317
Schwarz (late 18th century), a Russian
educator: cooperates with Novikov,
15, 194
Schwarz, Martin (late 15th century),
a German soldier: joins insurrec-
tion of Lambert Simnel, 11, 225
Schwarzenberg (Schwartzenberg),
Count (late 16th century), a Ger-
man diplomatist: proclaims the
friendliness of the princes of the
empire toward the Belgians, 13,
86; at the Breda Conference, 119
Schwarzenberg, Felix Ludwig Johann
Friedrich, Prince von (1800-1852),
an Austrian diplomat: made prime-
minister, 17, 377; ministry of, 18,
403
Schwarzenberg, Karl Philipp, Prince
von (1771-1820), an Austrian gen-
eral: his campaign against France,
15, 214; protects the Poles, 256;
commands Austrian troops in Na-
poleon's Russian campaign, 17, 305;
his mission to Paris, 306; given su-
preme command of coalition forces,
17, 307, 18, 383; defeated at Dres-
den, 15, 261, 18, 384; defeated by
Napoleon, 18, 387
Schwatka, Frederick (1849-1892), an
American army officer and ex-
plorer: commands Franklin search
party, 16, 314
Schweidnitz, Prussia: taken by the
Prussians (1578), 18, 338; taken by
Laudon (1761), 342; siege of (1762),
343
Schweinfurth, Georg August (1836-
), an African explorer and bot-
anist: arouses an interest in Africa,
19, 59
Schweizer, Alexander (1 808-1 888), a
German theologian of the Reformed
Church: sketch of, 13, 584
Schweizer, Kaspar (17th century), a
Swiss scholar: sketch of, 13, 482
Schwerin, Count Kurt Christoph
(1684-1757), a German general:
campaigns of, 18, 329, 335
Schwyz, a Swiss canton: secures inde-
pendence, 18, 184
Schwyz, Diets of:
1802. A diet called to receive the
new Swiss constitution, 13, 518
1833. A special diet in which the
Sonderbund was formed, 13, 541
Science :
ANTARCTIC REGIONS: geo-
graphic, 16, 333
ARABIA: Grecian influence, 1, 345;
skilled in medicine, 348; knowledge
of anatomy, botany, and chemistry,
348; astronomy, 348
ARCTIC REGIONS: contributions
to, 16, 295; geographic, 305; Frank-
lin search, 311; Weyprecht's contri-
butions to, 318
BABYLONIA and ASSYRIA: as-
tronomy and astrology, 1, 109;
knowledge of mathematics, no;
626
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
books on astronomy and astrology,
no
BELGIUM: establishment of state
in Congo Valley, 13, 311
BOHEMIA: founding of the Royal
Society of Sciences, 17, 275
CHINA: scientific writings, 6, 34;
advances in, 39
DENMARK: scientific research, 16,
198; encouragement of, 240
EGYPT: mathematical papyrus, 1,
21; early examples of, 51; early
medicine and anatomy, 15, 52
ENGLAND: Francis Bacon, II,
302; Royal Society founded, 392,
419; Victorian era, 612; nautical, 20,
122
EUROPE: growth of astronomy
and geography, 13, 168; eastern in-
fluences, 18, 172
FRANCE: advances in, 9, 490; Ob-
servatory of Astronomical Studies,
10, 363
GERMANY: establishment of Acad-
emy of Science, 18, 320
HUNGARY: founding of the Royal
Society of Sciences, 17, 341
INDIA: of the Brahmans, 5, 47
IRELAND: medical manuscripts,
12, 7
ITALY: progress of Tartaglia, 4,
296; Galileo's additions to, 321;
electricity, 339; Vico's " Scienza
Nuva," 408
JAPAN: instruction in, 7, 4; book
on botany, 142; encouraged, 149
NETHERLANDS: founding of
University of Louvain, 13, 63; Ger-
ard Mercator, navigation, 20, 122;
progress of 17th century, 13, 219
PERSIA: original research, 5, 327;
astronomical observatory, 331
PHOENICIA: influenced by neigh-
bors, I, 133
PORTUGAL: academy of sciences,
8, 476
RUSSIA: Academy of Sciences, 15,
82, 113
SPAIN: encouragement of, 8, 72;
Astronomical Tables, 156; natural
history, 425
SWEDEN: encouraged by Chris-
tina, 16, 204
SWITZERLAND: institutions for
advancement of, 13, 583
TURKEY: books on, 14, 164
Scinde: see Sind
Scione, in ancient Greece: revolts
from Athens, 2, 315; retaken, 318
Scipio, Publius Cornelius (d. 212 B.
C), a Roman general: defeated at
battle of Vercellae, 3, 116; his cam-
paigns in Spain, 3, 122, 8, 16; death,
3, 125
Scipio, Quintus Metellus Pius (d. 46
B. C.)> a Roman politician and sol-
dier: becomes consul (52 B. C.) 3,
321; Pompeius marries daughter of,
326; at the Corcyra council of war,
350; succeeds to command of Pom-
peian army, 355; at battle of Thap-
sus, 358; death, 359
Scipio Aemilianus Africanus Minor,
Publius Cornelius, a Roman gen-
eral: born about 185 B. C; he was
liberally educated and was well
versed in Greek literature and phi-
losophy; in 168 B. C, fought at the
battle of Pydna; formed an inti-
mate friendship with the historian
Polybius; as military tribune he
went to Spain in 151 B. C, and
killed a gigantic Spanish chief; in
the third Punic War, which began
about 149, he displayed great mili-
tary ability in Africa; returned to
Rome in 148; was elected consul
for, 147; became censor with Lucius
Mummius in 142; endeavored to re-
strain the growing love of luxury
of the Romans and to maintain the
simple habits and austere virtues of
their ancestors; but in this he was
not successful; having been elected
consul in 134 B. C, obtained the
chief command in Spain; was an
inflexible supporter of the aristo-
cratic party and approved the execu-
tion of Tiberius Gracchus, but lost
his popularity by his course in this
affair; was found dead in his bed
in 129 B. C; although the public
GENERAL INDEX
627
suspected he was murdered, no per-
son was convicted of the crime
Reduces Numantia, 3, 162, 8, 19;
at the siege of Carthage (149 B. C.)
3, 164; made consul, 164; captures
Carthage, 165; favors suspension of
the land commission, 178; estab-
lishes the pretorian cohort, 198;
death, 179
Scipio Africanus Major, Publius Cor-
nelius, a Roman general: born in
235 or 234 B. C; fought at the bat-
tle of the Ticino, and rescued his
wounded father there, in 218 B. C;
in 216, as military tribune, took part
in the battle of Cannae; was elected
aedile in 212 B. C, and appointed
commander-in-chief of the army in
Spain in 210; was successful in sev-
eral campaigns and became master
of nearly all Spain; having complet-
ed the conquest of Spain, in 206 B.
C, returned to Rome and was elect-
ed consul for 205, although under
the legal age; was refused an army
to carry the war into Africa, so he
raised an army of volunteers, in-
vaded Africa in 204, and was joined
by King Massinissa; was suc-
cessful in several battles; in Octo-
ber, 202, Scipio defeated Hannibal
in the memorable battle of Zama,
which decided the fate of Carthage;
on his return to Rome, in 201, was
received with great enthusiasm and
obtained the surname of Africanus;
the people proposed to make him
dictator for life, but he declined the
honor; he was chosen censor in 199,
and consul in 194 B. C; about 187
B. C. was publicly accused of re-
ceiving bribes from Antiochus; was
prosecuted and made a speech in
his defense, which was partially suc-
cessful, as his enemies and judges
abandoned the case; deeply affected
by the ingratitude of the people he
left Rome and died at Liternum in
183 B. C.
Chosen extraordinary general of
army, 3, 126; his campaigns in
Spain, 8, 18; at battle of Baecula, 3,
127; chosen consul, 129; invades Af-
rica, 2, 518, 3, 129; in the war with
Antiochus, 3, 144; changes the seat-
ing of members of the senate, 154;
death, 146
Scipio Asiaticus, Lucius Cornelius, Ro-
man consul, 190 B. C. : elected con-
sul, 3, 225; his soldiers desert him
for Sulla, 226
Scipio Calvus, Gnaeus Cornelius, Ro-
man consul, 222 B. C. : captures Mi-
lan, 3, 109; his campaigns in Spain,
3, 122, 8, 16; death, 3, 125
Scipio Nasica Corculum, Publius Cor-
nelius, a Roman jurist, consul, 155
B. C. : opposes plan to destroy Car-
thage, 3, 163
Scipio Nasica Serapio, Publius Cor-
nelius, Roman consul, 138 B. C. : be-
gins civil war against the Gracchi,
3, 176
Sciritis, a district in Greece: taken
from Sparta, 2, 479
Sclopis de Salerano, Count Federigo
(1798-1878), an Italian politician and
jurist: in Geneva commission, 24,
885
Scodra, the ancient name of Scutari, a
city in Albania: capture of, 3, 150
Scone, Monastery of, an abbey in
Scotland: founded, 12, 262
Scordisci, a Celtic tribe in Austria: lo-
cation of, 17, 11; defeated by the
Romans, 3, 192; defeat the Boii, 17,
12
Scoresly, William (1789-1857), Eng-
lish physicist and Arctic navigator:
exploration of, in Arctic seas, 16,
315
Scot, Michael (d. ca. 1290), Scottish
writer: sketch of, 12, 269
Scotch, natives of Scotland: included
in Penn's Colony, 23, 113
Scotch-Irish, Scotch Protestant set-
tiers in Ireland: arrive in Virginia,
23, 67; aid settlement of Pennsyl-
vania, 113; in Pennsylvania and
other colonies, 126
Scotland: the Gaelic period, 12, 247;
the English period, 261; invaded by
Hakon, 16, 99; struggle for inde-
pendence, 12, 271; the independent
628
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
kingdoms, 282; the Jameses, 291; the
Reformation, II, 335, 12, 311; the
Union of the crowns, II, 457, 12,
332; discontent with the Union, 12,
360
Scotland, Leper King of: see Robert
Bruce, King of Scotland
Scotland, The Hammer of: see Ed-
ward I, King of England
Scotland, The Joshua of: see Robert
Bruce, King of Scotland
Scotland, The Scourge of: see Ed-
ward I, King of England
Scots, or Scoti, a Gaelic tribe of Ire-
land and Scotland: sketch of, 12,
248; harass Romans, 11, 15
Scott, Dred (19th century), American
negro slave: famous case of, 24,
658
Scott, Robert Falcon (1868 ), Eng-
lish naval officer and explorer: com-
mands British National Antarctic
Expedition, 16, 334
Scott, Sir Walter (1771-1832), English
novelist and poet: sketch of, II,
577
Scott, Winfield, an American general:
was born near Petersburg, Virginia,
June 13, 1786; studied law at Wil-
liam and Mary College and was ad-
mitted to the bar, 1806; in 1807 he
became a volunteer in a troop of
horse, called out under the procla-
mation which President Jefferson
issued; was then appointed a cap-
tain of artillery; in 1809 was or-
dered to New Orleans to join the
army under General Wilkinson;
having indiscreetly censured the
conduct of his general and even in-
timated his complicity with the trea-
son of Burr, Scott was tried by a
court-martial and sentenced to be
suspended for one year; he spent
the year of his suspension in study-
ing and laid the foundation of his
thorough acquaintance with Mili-
tary Science; at the outbreak of the
War of 1812, he was made a lieuten-
ant-colonel and ordered to the Can-
ada frontier; succeeded Colonel Van
Renselaer as chief commander of the
American troops; in 1813, joined
General Dearborn's army as adju-
tant-general; distinguished himself
at Fort George in May, 1813; was
taken prisoner at Queenstown; was
made brigadier-general, 1814; was at
the capture of F"ort Erie, July 3,
1814, and at the battle of Lundy's
Lane, July 25, 1814; for his services
was raised to the rank of major-
general and received a gold medal
from President Monroe; de-
clined the offer of secretary of war;
in 1832, the nullification difficulties
began in South Carolina and Gen-
eral Scott was sent by President Jack-
son to take measures to prevent, or,
if need be to quell the threatened
insurrection and he was successful;
on the death of General Macomb in
June, 1 841, Scott succeeded to posi-
tion of commander-in-chief of the
army of the United States; in the
war with Mexico, Scott was in chief
command of the army in Mexico,
and was successful in all engage-
ments; in 1852, Scott was nominated
by the Whig party as candidate for
Presidency; in 1855 the honorary
rank of lieutenant-general was con-
ferred upon Scott; in 1861, Scott re-
signed his active duties in Washing-
ton and retired to private life; died
at West Point, May 29, 1866
In War of 1812, 23, 421, 424, 433;
victory at Chippewa, 425; sent to
Canadian border, 515; proposed as
nominee for Whig Party, 24, 521;
sent to Mexico, 549; takes command
in Mexico, 22, 301; at battle of
Cerro Gordo, 24, 549; opposes peace
commissioner, 551; candidate for
President, 557; receives Presidential
nomination (1852), 620; in the cam-
paign of 1852, 621; advises the gar-
risoning of Southern forts, 696; pro-
tects Lincoln at inauguration, 707;
approves plan of battle for Bull Run,
734; succeeded by McClellan, 757;
early army comrade of Lee, 760
Scottish Antarctic Expedition (1903),
1 6, 336
GENERAL INDEX
629
Scottish Reformers, The Apostle of
the: see Knox, John
Scott-Moncrieff, Sir Colin Campbell
(1836 ), English colonial officer:
president of the irrigation commis-
sion, 5, 280
Scourge of Europe, The: see Napoleon
(I) Bonaparte, Emperor of the
French
Scourge of God: see Attila
Scourge of Scotland, The: see Edward
(I), King of England
Scourge of the English, The Hammer
and: see Wallace, William
Scranton, Pennsylvania: riots at, dur-
ing railroad strikes, 24, 919
Scribonia, wife of Octavius: marriage,
4, 20
Scrope, Richard (ca. 1350-1405), Arch-
bishop of York: leader of insurrec-
tion, 11, 194
Sculpture: see Art
Scutage, a tax on a knight's fee: origin
of, 11, 100
Scutari: see Scodra
Scylax of Caryanda (ca. 500 B. C)
Greek admiral, 2, 131
Scythian Era: see Saka Era
Scythians, in ancient history the in-
habitants of an undefined region in
the north and eastern part of Eu-
rope and in central and northern
Asia: invade India, 5, 72; territory
of, invaded by Alexander, 2, 500;
territory of, invaded by Darius, I,
165, 2, 131; Greek relations with, 2,
81
Sea, King of the: see Edward III,
King of England
Sea, The Queen of the: see Tyre
Sea of Darkness: see Atlantic Ocean
Sea of Japan: battle of (1905), 7, 316,
15, 364
Seabury, Samuel (1729-1796), Ameri-
can divine: consecrated, 12, 372
Seadeddin (14th century), Oriental
historian, 14, 30, 35 note; quoted, 37;
influence on Mohammed III of Tur-
key, 205, 206, 207
Seal Fisheries: dispute in Behring
Sea, 24, 979
Seankh-ka-ra, King of Egypt, ca. 2000
B. C: reign of, I, 18
Search Warrants, General: issued by
British Government to be used in
colonies, 23, 205
Seas, The Queen of the Northern: see
Elizabeth, Queen of England
Seasons, Society of the, French secret
organization: instigates a riot, 9.
417
Sebasteia: see Sivas
Sebastian (1554-1578), King of Portu-
gal, 1557-1578: birth of, 8, 440;
reign of, 440
Sebastiani, Count Francois Horace
Bastien (1772-1851), French soldier
and diplomat: ambassador to Tur-
key, 9, 330, 14, 396, 398; his rela-
tions to the revolution of 1830, 9,
391; made minister for foreign af-
fairs, 399
Sebastopol (Sevastopol), Russia,
called the Queen of the Euxine:
Russian port founded by Catherine,
14, 350; siege of (1854-1855), 9, 447,
11, 616, 14, 455, 15, 314
Secession in the United States: threats
of disunion in Constitutional Con-
vention, 23, 326; agitated in New
England in War of 1812, 431; threat-
ened by Georgia on account of inter-
ference in land surveys, 471; agitated
on account of protective tariff, 472;
suggested by the opposition to ad-
mission of Louisiana, 24, 568; Cal-
houn's speech of 1850, 604; proposed
by Nashville Convention (1850),
611; advocated in Mississippi, 611;
in campaign of 1856, 655; South
threatens, 678; campaign of i860,
683; of Southern States, 684;
Greeley quoted on right of, 714
" Secretary Dynasty," a name given to
the first four presidencies after
John Adams: growth of opposition
to, 23, 463
Sectional feeling, between portions of
the United States: on land question,
23, 489; increased by Jackson's
methods, 499; exemplified in atti-
tude toward execution of John
630
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Brown, 24, 675; see also Civil War
Sections, The, political divisions of
Paris during the Revolution: reduc-
tion in the meetings of, 10, 323; dis-
perse the insurgents of Germinal,
337
Security, Act of, an act passed by the
Scottish Parliament, providing that
the successor to the Scottish Crown,
after the queen's death, should not
be the same person as the successor
to the crown of England (1703), ix,
457
Sedan, France: battle of (1870), 9, 464,
18, 423
Sedan, The Man of: see Napoleon III,
Emperor of the French
Sedgemoor, tract of land in Somerset-
shire, England: battle of (1685), II,
422
Sedgewick, John (1813-1864), Ameri-
can soldier: retreats before Lee, 24,
771
Sedition Act,' an act passed by the
United States Congress, the object
of which was to destroy freedom of
speech and of the press (1798), 23,
377
Sef ben Sultan (17th century), Imaun
of Oman: his campaign in Africa,
19, 39
Segauli, Treaty of, an agreement con-
cluded between England and Nepal
(1815), 5, 207
Segesta: see Siscia
Segestes (1st century A. D.), Cherus-
can chief: his feud with Hermann,
18, 19; death of, 21
Sego or Segu, Africa: captured by the
French (1890), 19, 151
Segur (17th century), French states-
man: in council of Louis XIV, 9,
207
Seid Bokhari (15th century), Moham-
medan dervish: leads Turkish as-
sault, 14, 59
Seidlitz (Seydlitz), Friedrich Wilhelm
von (1721-1773), Prussian cavalry
leader: in the Seven Years' War,
18, 336, 338
Sei-Shonagon (10th and nth cen-
turies A. D.), Japanese writer:
works of, 7, 43
Seiwa (9th century A. D.), Emperor
of Japan: reign of, 7, 46
Sejanus .ffilius (d. 31 A. D.), favorite
and minister of Emperor Tiberius:
his influence over Tiberius, 4, 50;
death, 52
Sekenen-Ra (Seqenen-Ra) I (ca. 1600
B. C.)> Prince of Thebes: defeats the
Hyksos, 1, 21
Sekigahara, Japan: battle of, 7, 124
Sekunder: see Sikandar
Sekydianos: see Sogdianos
Selectmen, town officials in United
States: election and duties of, 23,
123
Seleucia, Asia Minor: siege of, 3, 322;
destroyed, 4, 89
Seleucus (I) Nicator (ca. 358-280 B.
C), Macedonian general: receives
Bactria and India, 5, 69; death of, 2,
sis
Self-denying Ordinance, The, in Eng-
lish history, a measure intended to
remove inefficient commanders from
the army (1644), II, 351
Self-denying Ordinance, The, in
French history, an act which provid-
ed that no member of the national
assembly might sit in the legisla-
tive assembly (1791), 10, 145 note
Selim I (ca. 1465-1520), Sultan of Tur-
key, 1512-1520: intrigues for sover-
eignty, 14, 115; accession of, 117;
reign of, 119; at war with Persia, 5,
341; conquers Egypt, 1, 36, 20, 42;
death of, 14, 137; compared to Sulei-
man I, 146
Selim II (d. 1574), Sultan of Turkey,
1566-1574; intrigue to secure suc-
cession of, 14, 168; accession of.
178; reign of, 191; concludes a
treaty with Hungary, 17, 220; at
war with Venice, 4, 309; death of,
14, 200
Selim III (1761-1808), Sultan of Tur-
key, 1780-1807: reign of, 14, 355;
forced abdication of, 400; death of,
401; his encouragement of educa-
tion, 412
GENERAL INDEX
631
Selim Ghirai (17th century), Khan of
the Crimea; flight before Sobieski,
14, 250; aids Kiuprili against Aus-
trians, 258, 259
Selim Ghirai (18th century), Khan of
the Crimea: account of, 14, 330
Selinus, Sicily: at war with Segesta,
2, 328; aids Syracuse, 339; destroyed
by Carthaginians, 408
Seljirks, Turkish dynasty, reigning in
central and western Asia in nth,
12th and 13th centuries, founded by
Toghrul or Toghril Bey, grandson
of Seljirk: overrun Asia Minor, 14,
4; rise of, 5, 329; establish empire,
14, 10
Selkirk, Thomas Douglas, Earl of
(1771-1820), Scottish colonizer and
author: receives grant of land from
the Hudson Bay Company, 20, 168
Sellasia, Greece: battle at (221 B. C.)
3, 517
Selous, Frederick (1851 ), English
hunter: his work in South Africa,
19, 228
Selymbria, in ancient geography a
town in Thrace, situated on the
Propontis: taken by Athenians, 2,
3^7
Seminara, Italy: battle of (1503), 9,
133
Seminary Ridge, Pennsylvania: in bat-
tle of Gettysburg, 24, 780; Lee
masses forces on, 780
Seminole Indians, a tribe of North
American Indians: location, 23, 8;
removed to Indian Territory, 488,
515; trouble with, 506; Indian Ter-
ritory acquired from, 24, 985
Seminole Wars:
1817-1818. Account of, 23, 444
1835-1842. Account of, 23, 507; cost
of, 515; Taylor defeats Indians,
24, 592
Semmes, Raphael (1809-1877), a Con-
federate naval commander: com-
mands the " Alabama," 24, 881
Sempach, Switzerland: battle of
(1386), 13, 381, 17, 106, 18, 197
Sempach, Convention of, a military
ordinance formed by the Swiss
states (1393), 13, 383, 387
Sempach, Society of, a patriotic so-
ciety in Switzerland: work of, 13,
530
Sempronius, Tiberius, Roman consul,
218 B. C: at battle of the Trebia,
3, 117
Senate of Rome : see Roman Senate
Senate of the United States, the upper
branch of the legislature: composi-
tion, 23, 332; salary of members,
346
Senators in France: under Napoleon
(1799), 10, 436
Seneca, Lucius Annaeus (ca. 4 B. C-
65 A. D.), a Roman Stoic philoso-
pher: charged with education of
Nero, 4, 62; retires from court, 64;
joins conspiracy against Nero, 65
Senef (Seneffe), Belgium: battle of
(1674), 9, 311, 13, 240
Senegal, a colony in western Africa:
taken by the English, 9, 246; ceded
to England, 23, 198
Senegal Company, French, a company
in Africa: oppose settlement of
Swedes in Africa, 20, 130
Senegambia, a region in western Af-
rica: description of, 20, 281
Senhouse, Sir Fleming (19th century),
an English admiral: in China, 6,
137
Seniofredo (10th century), Count of
Barcelona: reign of, 8, 225
Senlac, a hill in England, near Has-
tings: battle of (1066), 11, 66
Senlis, Treaty of, a treaty in which
Charles VIII of France gave up
some land to Maximilian of Austria
(1495), 9, 129
Sennacherib, King of Assyria, 705-
681 B. C: reign of, I, 87; invades
Judah, 397
Sens, France: battle of (ca. 600 A.
D.), 9, 30
Sentinum, the old name for Sentino,
Italy: battle of (295 B. C), 3, 72
Senufs, a race of Africans: sketch of,
19, 148
Separatists: see Puritans
Sepharvaim: see Sippara
Sephuris: see Snefru
Sepoy Mutiny, The, the revolt against
632
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
British authority in India (1857-
1858), 5, 232
September, Laws of, in French his-
tory, laws restricting the freedom
of the press (1835), 9, 408
September Massacres, a series of mur-
ders during the French Revolution
(1792), 11, S4i
Septennial Act, in English history, an
act which prolonged to seven years
the possible life of Parliament
(1716), II, 470
Septimius, Lucius (1st century B. C),
a Roman politician: assassinates
Pompeius, 3, 351
Sepulveda, Spain: battle of, 8, 144
Seqenen-Ra I: see Sekenen-Ra
Sequani, an ancient people of eastern
Gaul: at war with the Haedui, 3,
300; form alliance with Arverni, 18,
10
Serajevo (Serajewo), the capital of
Bosnia: insurrection in (1878), 17,
423
Serampur (Serampore), Bengal, Brit-
ish India: founded, 5, 171
"Serapis," a British man-of-war: fight
with the " Bonhomme Richard," 23,
290
Serfdom: see also Slavery
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: revolt of
peasants, 17, 168, 173; reform of,
256; abolished in Moravia, Galicia,
and Hungary by Joseph II, 268;
abolished in Polish Galicia by Fran-
cis II, 289
BOHEMIA: oppressive to peasants,
17, 119; after Thirty Years' War,
213
DENMARK: decline of peasantry,
16, 94; steps toward freedom, 190;
reimposed restrictions, 193; under
Frederick III, 233; under Christian
V, 234; efforts to abolish, 238; aboli-
tion of, 255
ENGLAND: serfs, 11, 52; Wyc-
liffe's influence, 171; Wat Tyler's re-
bellion, 174; Jack Cade's rebellion,
209
FRANCE: position of serfs, 9, 23,
65
GERMANY: under Charlemagne,
18, 87; condition of serfs, 177
GREECE: the Helots, 2, 71
IRELAND: condition of peasants,
12, 174
MEXICO: under Spanish conquer-
ors, 22, 104
NETHERLANDS: time of Charle-
magne, 13, 16; nth century, 28
NORWAY: under Danish rule, 16,
233
RUSSIA: condition of peasants un-
der Polish landlords, 15, n; insti-
tuted by Boris Godunov, 19; condi-
tions under Peter the Great, 73;
conditions under Catherine the
Great, 182; efforts for emancipation,
264; emancipation of serfs, 323
SCOTLAND: colliers and salters,
12, 370
SWITZERLAND: 13th century, 13,
351; villainage abolished, 437
TURKEY: position of the Rayas,
14, 99, 186
UNITED STATES: early New
York, 23, 102
Sergeant, John (1779-1852), an Ameri-
can jurist and statesman: as dele-
gate to Panama Congress, 23, 468
Sergent, Antoine Francois (1751-
1847), a French revolutionist: leader
of the commune, 10, 203
Sergius (1857-1905), Grand Duke of
Russia: assassination of, 15, 365
Seringapatam (Srirangapatam), My-
sore, India: siege of (1799), 5, 200,
20, 145
Serpa Pinto: see Pinto, Alexandre Al-
berto da Rocha Serpa
Serpent Mound, a mound in Ohio,
supposed to have been made by a
prehistoric race, 23, 5
Serrano y Dominguez, Francisco,
Duke de la Torre (1810-1885), a
Spanish statesman and general:
joins revolutionists, 8, 508; made
president of provisional government,
510; regent of Spain, 9, 461; presi-
dent of the republic, 8, 513
Serre, Pierre Frangois Hercule, Comte
de (1776-1824), a French orator and
GENERAL INDEX
minister of state: made keeper of
the seals, 9, 370
Serrurier, Jean Mathieu Philibert,
Comte (1742-1819), a French gen-
eral: his campaign against the al-
lied powers, 9, 294; .his campaigns
under the directory, 299
Sertorius, Quintus (d. 72 B. C), a Ro-
man general: member of conspiracy
against Sulla, 3, 221; his campaigns
against Sulla, 8, 20; attempts to
raise new levies in Etruria, 3, 226;
his career in Spain, 256; assassina-
tion of, 3, 257, 8, 21
Servants, Indented, a social class in
the early days of America: status
of, 23, 130
Servet (d. ca. 1543), Spanish heretical
Calvinist: death of, 13, 449
Servia, a kingdom in southeastern
Europe: conquered by the Turks,
17, 155; leads Slav revolt, 14, 32;
independent from Turkey, 63; re-
conquered by Turks, 68; made Turk-
ish province, 82; troubles in, 386;
independent principality formed, 17,
324; reconquered by Turks, 14, 410;
in Treaty of Adrianople, 432; incor-
porated in Hungary, 17, 398; de-
clares war against Turkey (1876),
419; brought into close relationship
with Austria-Hungary, 424
Servian Wall, one of the boundaries
of early Rome: built, 3, 22
Servians, race of southeastern Europe:
emigrate to Russia, 15, 124; revolt
against Turkey, 332
Servilian Rogation, a bill for the
founding of colonies in Italy: di-
rected against Pompeius, 3, 279;
proposed and withdrawn, 281
Servilius, Publius, Roman consul, 490
B. C. : suspends the law of debt, 3,
40
Servilius Geminus, Gnaeus, Roman
consul, 217 B.C.: his army defeated
by Hannibal, 3, 118; death of, 3, 121
Servilius Vatia, Publius (Isauricus),
Roman consul, 79 B. C. : defeats the
pirate fleet, 3, 260
Servius Tullius, legendary King of
Rome: reforms of, 3, 18
Sese, Martin (late 18th century),
Mexican botanist: establishes a bo-
tanical garden, 22, 217
Seskar, Island of, Gulf of Finland:
battle of the (1790), 15, 188
Seslavin (early 19th century), Russian
commander: his guerrilla warfare,
15, 246
Sesostris, The Corsican: see Napoleon
(I) Bonaparte, Emperor of the
French
Sesshn (14th century), Japanese art-
ist: sketch of, 7, 106
Sestos, Thrace, northern Greece: tak-
en by Athenians, 2, 222; Athenian
fleet at, 364
Seta, Japan: battle of, 7, 62
Seti Menephtah I (Sethos) (14th cen-
tury B. C), King of Egypt: reign
of, I, 25
Set-Nekht (12th century B. C), King
of Egypt: reign of, 1, 28
Settlement, Act of, a bill regulating
the occupation of Irish lands (1661),
II, 390, 12, 129
Settlement, Act of, a bill by which the
succession to the English throne
was settled after Anne's death on
Sophia, Electress of Hanover and
her descendants (1701), 11, 448
Seul, Korea: uprising of 1884, 7, 256;
captured by the Japanese, 260
Sevastopol: see Sebastopol
Seven Cities of Cibola, Arizona and
New Mexico: search for, 23, 41
Seven Days' Battles, in the American
Civil War: account of, 24, 761
Seven Days' King, The: see Masa-
niello
Seven Hills, City of the: see Rome,
also Constantinople
Seven Months' War, The: see Franco-
Prussian War
Seven Pines, Virginia: battle of
(1862), 24, 758
Seven Weeks' War (1866), between
Prussia and Austria, 9, 455, 18, 410,
412
Seven Years' War, The, conflict main-
tained by Frederick II of Prussia
against Austria, Russia, and France
(1756-1763): mentioned, 9, 244, 11,
634
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
497, 13, 256, 14, 318, 16, 228; cause,
15, I3i> l8 3345 Frederick invades
Prussia, 18, 335; siege of Prague
(i757)> 3355 Frederick defeated at
Kollin (1757), 335; Frederick routs
the French at Rossbach (1757), 336;
Frederick routs the Austrians at
Leuthen (1757), 337; French driven
from northern Germany (1758), 338;
Frederick defeats the Russians at
Zorndorf (1758), 338; Frederick is
defeated at Kunersdorf (1758), 339;
Berlin surrendered to Austria and
Russia (1760), 341; peace with Rus-
sia and Sweden (1762), 343; peace
at Hubertsburg (1763), 344; effect
of, in India, 5, 179; on England's
colonial possessions, 20, 76
Seven Years' War, The Scandinavian
(1562-1569): account of, 16, 162, 196
Seventh of March Speech, Webster's,
in favor of compromise, 24, 605
Seventy Isles, City of the: see Venice
Severus, Flavius Valerius, Roman Em-
peror, 306-307 A. D.: becomes Cae-
sar for Constantius, 4, 116
Severus, Libius, Roman Emperor, 461-
465 A. D.: reign of, 4, 149
Severus, Lucius Septimus, Roman
Emperor, 193-21 1 A. D.: reign of,
4, 100; visits Britain, II, 11, 12, 249
Severus, Marcus Aurelius Alexander
(Alexander Severus), Roman Em-
peror, 222-235 A. D.: reign of, 4,
105
Sevier, Ambrose H. (early 19th cen-
tury), American statesman: plenipo
tentiary to Mexico, 22, 378
Sevier, John (18th century), American
Revolutionary leader: at the battle
of King's Mountain, 23, 279
Seville, Spain: conquest of (713 A. D.),
I 315, 8, 5i; sieges of (1015), 8,
80; (1247), 106; taken by French
(1810), 9, 337
Seville, Treaty of, a peace between
England, France, and Spain (1729):
account of, 8, 410, 13, 253
Sewall, Arthur (d. 1900), American
politician: nominated for Vice-
President (1896), 23, 1014
Sewall, Samuel (1652-1730), American
jurist of English birth: first anti-
slavery agitator in Massachusetts,
23, 130
Seward, William Henry, an American
statesman: born at Florida, Orange
Co., New York, May 16, 1801; was
educated at Union College, Schenec-
tady, N. Y., which he entered in
1816; taught school in one of the
southern States for six months in
1819 and returned to Union College
'in 1820; was admitted to the bar in
1822; became a resident of Auburn,
N. Y., in 1823; acquired a high repu-
tation as a lawyer and in criminal
trials acted almost exclusively as
counsel for the defendant; in 1828
he was president of the State Con-
vention which favored the reelection
of John Quincy Adams to the Presi-
dential chair; joined the Anti-Ma-
sonic party by which he was elected
to the Senate of New York in 1830,
by a large majority; in 1832 he made
a speech in favor of the United
States Bank, became leader of the
opposition party in his own State
and a supporter of the national party
which afterwards was named Whig;
in 1833 he crossed the Atlantic and
made a tour through Great Britain,
Ireland, Holland, Germany, and
France; published some observa-
tions on those countries in a series
of letters; was nominated as the
Whig candidate for Governor of
New York in 1834, but was defeat-
ed; in 1838 elected Governor of the
State; supported General Harrison
for President in 1840 and at that
time was reelected for Governor for
two years; declined to be a candi-
date in 1842, and resumed the prac-
tice of law; in the Presidential elec-
tion of 1844 he was an active sup-
porter of Henry Clay, and opposed
the annexation of Texas to the
United States; in 1848, advocated
the nomination and election of
Taylor to the Presidency; in
1849 was elected by the State
legislature to the Senate of the
GENERAL INDEX
635
United States; soon became an
intimate friend and favorite coun-
sellor of President Taylor; in March,
1850, made a speech in favor of the
admission of California into the
Union; in 1852 voted for Scott,
Whig candidate for President, and
was one of the chief founders of the
Republican party; reelected a Sena-
tor of the United States in 1855;
visited Europe a second time in
1859; was appointed Secretary of
State in March, 1861; made a tour
around the world, 1870-1871; died at
Auburn, N. Y., October 1, 1872
Opposes nomination of Clay for
Presidency, 24, 520; influence over
Taylor, 594; speech on compromise
measures, 607; aids slaves to escape
from South, 617; proposes repeal of
Missouri Compromise, 633; answers
Douglas's speech (1853), 634; leader
of Republican Party, 653; favors
Douglas's reelection, 664; speech at
Rochester, 671; his principles
blamed for John Brown's raid, 676;
qualifications for presidential can-
didate, 680; quoted on Buchanan's
speech of December 4, i860, 698;
Lincoln's Secretary of State, 708;
denies that the Confederacy is an in-
dependent nation, 709; disavows act
of Captain Wilkes, 729; quoted on
Sherman and Farragut, 801; in
Hampton Roads Conference, 809; at-
tempted assassination of, 826; ad-
vises Johnston as to reconstruction
of the South, 832; prepares veto
message for Tenure of Office Act,
853; and French occupation of
Mexico, 876; acquires Alaska
for the United States, 20, 305,
24, 878; ambitious for American ex-
pansion, 24, 878; alarm over the
"Alabama," 882; negotiates treaty
with China, 919
Sextius, Lucius, a Roman tribune, 377
B. C: reforms of, 3, 49
Seychelles, a group of islands east of
Zanzibar: sketch of, 19, 213; taken
by England, 20, 263
Sey'id Burghash (late 19th century),
Sultan of Zanzibar: his negotiations
with the British, 19, 84
Sey'id Majid (19th century), an
Imaum of Muscat: confirmed in his
possessions, 19, 53
Sey'id Said (early 19th century), an
Imaum of Muscat: sketch of, 19, 53
Seymour, Edward, Duke of Somerset
(1500-1552), an English politician:
his campaigns in Scotland, XI, 262,
12, 305, 306; made Protector, 11,
264; death of, 268
Seymour, Sir Edward Hobart (1840-
), an English admiral: in Boxer
Rebellion, 6, 281, 300, 304, 7, 279
Seymour, Sir George (early 19th cen-
tury), an English admiral: in Cali-
fornia, 22, 297
Seymour, Sir George Hamilton (1797-
1880), a British diplomat: his inter-
views with Nicholas I of Russia,
14, 447, 15, 304
Seymour, Horatio (1810-1886), an
American politician: governor of
New York, 24, 779; in Democratic
convention, 800; nominated Presi-
dent, 859
Seymour, Jane (ca. 1510-1537), the
third queen of Henry VIII: marries
Henry VIII, 11, 256; death of, 258
Seymour, Sir Michael (1802-1887), a
British admiral: takes Canton, 6,
160
Seymour, Thomas, Lord Sudely (ca.
1508-1549), lord high admiral of
England: executed, 11, 266
Seymour, William (early 17th cen-
tury), an English nobleman: his
claims to the throne of England, 11,
304
Seze, Raymond, Count de (1748-1828),
a French advocate and royalist:
counsel for Louis XVI, 9, 280,
10, 234
Sforza, Blanca Maria (late 15th cen-
tury), an Italian noblewoman, niece
of the Duke of Milan: marries
Maximilian I of Germany, 18, 226
Sforza, Francesco (1401-1465), an
Italian soldier: leader of the condot-
tieri, 4, 254
Sforza, Galeazzo Maria (1 444-1476),
636
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Duke of Milan: career of, 4, 265, 289
Sforza, Giacomuzzo Attendolo (ca.
1370-1424), an Italian soldier of
fortune: leader of the condottieri, 4,
253
Sforza, Gian Galeazzo Maria (1468-
1494), Duke of Milan: reign of, 4,
289, 9, 130
Sforza, Ludovico (Louis), surnamed
II Moro (The Moor) (1451-1510),
Duke of Milan: attempts to unite
Italy in one body, 9, 130; usurps
duchy of Milan, 4, 265, 271, 289;
joins league against Charles VIII of
France, 9, 131; defeated by the
French, 13, 420
Sforza, Massimiliano (Maximilian) (d.
1530), Duke of Milan: drives French
out of Lombardy, 4, 293; given the
key of Zurich, 13, 421
Sha River, Manchuria: battle of, 7,
3ii
Shabaka: see Sabako
Shabats, Fortress of, a fortress on the
Save river in Austria: built, 17, 163
Shabatuk (8th century B. C), King
of Egypt: reign of, 1, 30
Shadrach, a Virginia negro: rescued
by Boston mob, 24, 615
Shad-ul-Mulk (15th century), a Per-
sian woman: her relations with
Kulil Sultan, 5, 339
Shatter, William Rufus (1835 ), an
American general: in the Spanish-
American War, 22, 459, 24, 1029;
receives surrender of Santiago, 24,
1030
Shaftesbury, Earls of: see Berkeley
and Cooper
Shah Alam (Schah-Alem) II (d. 1806),
Emperor of India: claims Bengal,
5, 185; at war with the English, 135,
187
Shah Jahan (Shah-Jehan) (d. 1666),
the fifth Mogul Emperor of India:
reign of, 5, 119; captures Hugh
(1629), 150
Shah Rokh (d. 1446), Persian ruler:
reign of, 5, 339
Shahab-ud-din : see Mohammed of
Ghor
Shahin Ghirai (18th century), Khan of
the Crimea: account of, 14, 331, 345
Shahji Bhonsla (17th century), Mara-
tha soldier: rise of, 5, 130
Shahpur (Sapor) I, King of Persia,
ca. 240-ca. 273 A. D.: reign of, 5,
316
Shahpur (II) the Great, King of Per-
sia, 310-ca. 381 A. D.: reign of, 5,
3i8
Shahr Barz (7th century A. D.), Per-
sian general: defeated by Heraclius,
5, 321
Shakban Khan (16th century), leader
of Uzbegs: overthrows the Timurid
dynasty in Turkestan, 5, 341
Shakespeare, William, English poet
and dramatist: was born at Strat-
ford-on-Avon, Warwickshire, Eng-
land, in April (probably on the
23rd), 1564; of his childhood after
his christening, which took place on
April 26, and his early youth we
know absolutely nothing; married in
his nineteenth year Anne Hatha-
way; appears soon after his mar-
riage to have gone to London,
where he followed the profession of
an actor; tradition says he fled
from Warwickshire in consequence
of having been detected in deer-
. stealing; it is not known when he
first began to write plays or which
he wrote first; his first published
play appeared in 1594; passed, it is
said, the last years of his life in
his native Stratford in honor and
affluence; died at Stratford, April
23, 1616
Sketch of, 11, 302
Shakloviti (17th century), Russian
conspirator: death of, 15, 31
Shakovski, Prince (19th century), Rus-
sian commander; occupies Moscow,
15, 242
Shallum ben Jabesh, King of Israel,
770 B. C. : usurps throne, 1, 393
Shalmaneser II, King of Assyria, 860-
824 B. C: reign of, 1, 80; besieges
Damascus (842 B. C), 392
Shalmaneser IV, King of Assyria,
727-722 B. C. : reign of, I, 84; be-
sieges Tyre, 124; compels Tyre to
GENERAL INDEX
637
resume homage, 2, 78; besieges
Samaria, 1, 394
Shamash-shum-ukin (7th century B.
C), Assyrian prince: made viceroy
of Babylon, 1, 90; revolt of, 91
Shamshi-Adad I, King of Assyria,
1830-1810 B. C. : reign of, 1, 78
Shamshi-Adad II, King of Assyria,
ca. 1800 B. C. : reign of, 1, 81
Shang (Yin) Dynasty, The, Chinese
rulers, 1766-1153 B. C, 6, 7
Shanghai, China: evacuation of
(1902), by allied forces, 7, 292; boy-
cott of American goods at, 6, 320
Shangti Hui, a society established in
China by a man named Hung
(1851), 6, 148
"Shannon," British frigate: defeats
" Chesapeake," 23, 423
Shantung, China: province of, 6, 278;
attacks on foreigners in, 299
Shargani-shar-ali: see Sargon I
Sharp, Granville (1734-1813), English
philanthropist: his efforts in behalf
of slaves, 19, 40, 20, 130
Sharp, James (1618-1679), Scottish
prelate: made archbishop, 12, 344;
death of, 347
Sharp, John (1644-1714), English
prelate: James II orders suspension
of, 11, 424
Sharp Knife: see Jackson, Andrew
Sharpay (17th century), English sea
captain: obtains grant of free trade
at Aden, 5, 160
Sharpsburg, Maryland: battle of An-
tietam near (1862), 24, 765
Sharrukin: see Sargon I
Shavirov, Baron (18th century), Rus-
sian diplomat: his negotiations with
Turkey, 15, 60; sketch of, 89; his
negotiations with Persia, 116
Shawnee Indians, North America: be-
long to Algonquian stock, 23, 8;
trouble in Northwest, 416
Shays, Daniel (1747-1825), American
insurgent: leads insurrection, 23, 315
Shays's Rebellion, a popular revolt in
Massachusetts (1786-1787), caused
by economic distress, and precipitat-
ed by heavy taxation, 23, 316, 321
Sheares, Henry (d. 1798), Irish bar-
rister and insurgent: arrest and
death of, 12, 209
Sheares, John (d. 1798), Irish barris-
ter and insurgent: arrest and death
of, 12, 209
Sheba: see Saba
Shechem, ancient city of Palestine:
battle of (nth century B. C), 1,
380
Sheehy, Nicholas (18th century),
Irish priest: trial of, 12, 175
Sheerness, seaport in Kent, England:
captured by the Dutch (1667), 13,
234
Shehaddedin Pasha (15th century),
Turkish general: account of, 14, 61
Sheil, Richard Lalor ( 1793-185 1),
Irish orator and patriot: his efforts
for Catholic emancipation, 12, 220
Shein, Alexei (17th century), Russian
commander: campaign of, 15, 32
Shelburne, William Petty, Earl of
(1737-1805), English statesman:
member of Rockingham's ministry,
11, 522; made Prime Minister, 523
Shelby, Isaac (1750-1826), American
officer: at battle of King's Mountain,
23, 279
Shelley, Percy Bysshe (1792-1822),
English poet: sketch of, 11, 577
Shemarpa (18th century), Chinese
traitor: invites invasion by Gurkhas,
6, 100
" Shenandoah," vessel of American
Confederacy: built in English ship-
yard, 24, 882
Shenandoah Valley, valley in Virginia:
settled by Scotch-Irish, 23, 67; oc-
cupied by General Patterson, 24,
734; campaign in, 759; Jackson's
military genius in, 772; Sheridan's
campaign in, 791; political effect of
devastations in, 801
Shenir, Syria, Asia Minor: battle of
(842 B. C), 1, 81
Shennung (ca. 2000 B. C.) Chinese
leader: reign of, 6, 5
Shepherd, Oliver L. (ca. 1845), Ameri-
can officer: in the Mexican War, 22,
349
Shepherd, The Gentle: see Grenville,
George (1712-1770)
638
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Shepherdstown, West Virginia: Lee
arrives at, 24, 779
Shepley, George Forster (1819-1878),
American soldier and jurist: mili-
tary governor of Louisiana, 24, 833
Shepses-ka-f (Asykhis) (3rd century
B. C.) King of Egypt: reign of, 1,
16
Shepstone, Sir Theophilus (1817-
1893), British soldier and colonial
officer: his mission to South Africa,
20, 229
Sher AH (Shere Ali) (1825-1879)
amir of Afghanistan, 1863-1878: dis-
puted accession of, 5, 247; intrigues
with Russia, 256
Sher Shah (d. 1545), governor of Ben-
gal: defeats Humayun the Mogul,
5, no
Sheremetiev (Sheremetrev, Schere-
metjev), Count Boris Petrovitch
(1652-1719), Russian soldier: his
campaign against Turkey, 15, 32;
travels of, 36; his campaigns against
Sweden, 39; at battle of the Pruth,
14, 279; becomes hostage to Tur-
key, 282
Sheremetiev, Michael (18th century),
Russian commander: at the battle
of Rapino, 15, 42
Sheridan, Philip Henry, an American
general: born at Albany, N. Y.,
March 6, 1831; graduated at West
Point, 1853; served several years in
Oregon; promoted captain at the
outbreak of the Civil War, 1861; ap-
pointed quartermaster of the army
in the southwest, December, 1861,
and was quartermaster under Hal-
leck during the advance on Corinth,
1862; was appointed colonel of cav-
alry, May 22, 1862, and brigadier-
general of volunteers, July 1, 1862;
was division commander at the bat-
tle of Perryville, October 8, 1862,
and at Murfreesboro, December 31,
1862-January 2, 1863; appointed
major-general of volunteers, Decem-
ber 31, 1862; served at Chickamauga
and at Missionary Ridge, 1863; be-
came commander of the cavalry
corps of the Army of the Potomac,
April, 1864; was in the battle of the
Wilderness, May 5-6, 1864; was as-
signed to the command of the Mid-
dle Military Division, August 7,
1864; attacked Early on the 19th
near Winchester, defeated him and
took several thousand prisoners;
was also victorious at Fisher's Hill
on the 20th; soon after this battle
was appointed a brigadier-general in
the regular army; after being suc-
cessful at Cedar Creek and Stras-
burg on October 19, was appointed a
major-general of the regular army,
November, 1864; on February 27,
1865, starting out with 10,000 cav-
alry, destroyed the Virginia Central
Railroad, The James River Canal
and was successful at the battle of
Waynesboro; rejoined Grant before
Petersburg, March 27; commanded
at the battle of Five Forks, March
31-April 1; pursued Lee's army,
which was retreating from Richmond
and Petersburg, attacked it near
Sailor's Creek on April 6 and took
about 6000 prisoners; in 1867 was
appointed commander of the Fifth
Military District, comprising Louisi-
ana and Texas, but incurring the
displeasure of President Johnson,
was removed and ordered to take
command of the Department of the
Missouri; during the Franco-Ger-
man war (1870-1871), visited Eu-
rope and was entertained with dis-
tinguished consideration at the head-
quarters of the German army; in
March, 1869, was raised to the rank
of lieutenant-general; in 1883 suc-
ceeded General Sherman as com-
mander-in-chief; received the rank
of general from Congress, June 1,
1888; died at Nonquitt, Mass., Au-
gust 5, 1888
Sent to attack Lee's flank, 24,
788; in Shenandoah Valley, 791; de-
feats Early at Opequan Creek, 792;
criticised for devastations, 793; at
Five Forks, 810; sent to Texas, 877
Sheriff, the chief civil officer charged
with administering justice within a
GENERAL INDEX
639
county, under direction of the courts
or of the crown or other executive
head of the state: origin and duties
of, II, 53
Sheriffmuir, plateau in Scotland: bat-
tle of (1716), 11, 470, 12, 363
Sheriffs, The Inquisition' of the, an in-
quiry held by Henry II of England
into the conduct of the sheriffs
(1170), 11, 104
Sherman, John (1823-1900), an Ameri-
can statesman and financier: in con-
test for Speaker of the House, 24,
677; Secretary of the Treasury, 916;
prepares for resumption of specie-
payments, 922; Presidential nominee,
926; nominated by Garfield, 928;
loses Presidential nomination to Gar-
field, 929; candidate for Presidential
nomination, 965; prepares Anti-trust
Act, 971; the fur seal controversy,
1020
Sherman, Roger (1721-1793), an
American patriot: delegate to first
Continental Congress, 23, 223; mem-
ber of committee to draft a declara-
tion of independence, 240; in Con-
stitutional Convention, 324; in first
Congress, 342
Sherman, William Tecumseh, an
American general: born at Lancas-
ter, Ohio, February 8, 1820; after the
death of his father, which occurred
in 1829, was adopted as a son by
Thomas Ewing, through whose in-
fluence he was admitted into the
military academy of West Point in
1836; graduated from there, June,
1840, standing sixth in the order of
general merit among a class of for-
ty; immediately after his graduation
was appointed second lieutenant in
the artillery and ordered to Florida;
became first lieutenant, January,
1842, a few months after which his
company was stationed at Fort
Moultrie near Charleston; went with
his company to California by sea
in 1846, returned to the Atlantic
States in 1850, and in May, 1850,
married Ellen Ewing, a daughter of
Thomas Ewing; in 1851 obtained the
rank of captain and in 1853 resigned
his commission in the army and en-
gaged in the business of banker at
San Francisco, in the early part of
i860 he accepted position of superin-
tendent of a new military academy
founded by the State of Louisiana;
resigned his office in January, 1861;
in March he went to Washington
and endeavored in vain to convince
the authorities, who were then un-
able to realize the greatness of the
crisis, of the necessity of preparing
for war on a large scale; received a
commission as colonel of the
thirteenth regiment of infantry in
June, 1861, and commanded a bri-
gade at the battle of Bull Run, July
21; on August 3, was promoted to
the rank of brigadier-general of
volunteers; in March, 1862, obtained
command of the fifth division of
Grant's army of the Tennessee; he
displayed great coolness, energy,
and skill in the battle of Shiloh on
April 6-7, 1862; he received a com-
mission as major-general and his di-
vision took a prominent part in the
siege of Corinth, which the enemy
evacuated on May 29; appointed
commander of the military post of
Memphis, July, 1862; was in the
campaign against Vicksburg; was
appointed commander of the depart-
ment of the Tennessee, October,
1863, and moving his army by rapid
marches, joined the army of Grant
at Chattanooga, about November
15; occupied Missionary Ridge on
the 24th; rendered important serv-
ices at the battle of Chattanooga;
moved his army to the relief of
Burnside at Knoxville; returned to
Chattanooga and thence to Mem-
phis, arriving January, 1864; marched
from Vicksburg, destroying rail-
roads and entered Meridian about
February 14; after destroying depots
and arsenals at Meridian, returned
to Vicksburg; in 1864 was appointed
to the command of the Military Di-
vision of the Mississippi; on May 6
640
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
moved from Chattanooga against
General Joseph E. Johnston in Dal-
ton, Georgia; after several battles in
which Sherman was successful, Gen-
eral Hood, who had succeeded John-
ston, attacked Sherman near Atlan-
ta and was repulsed with great
loss; in August, 1864, Sherman was
appointed a major-general in the
regular army; leaving Atlanta in
ruins, Sherman began his famous
march to the sea, November 14,
with about 65,000 men, and arrived
safe, December 10; he left Savannah
on January 15, 1865, marched north-
ward, and took Columbia on Febru-
ary 17. After being successful in
several smaller battles he entered
Raleigh on the 13th, had an inter-
view with Johnston on the 17th and
agreed with him on a basis of peace,
which was disapproved by the
President and cabinet; on April 26,
Johnston surrendered his army and
the war ended. Sherman was ap-
pointed lieutenant-general in place
of Grant, promoted, 1866; he was
nominated general by brevet in Feb-
ruary, 1868, by President Johnson,
but declined; succeeded Grant
(when Grant became President) in
March, 1869, as general and com-
mander-in-chief of the army, but re-
tired from the command in the fall
of 1883; went to St. Louis, but later
removed to New York, where he
died February 14, 1891
At battle of Pittsburg Landing,
24, 747; in siege of Vicksburg, 775;
at Vicksburg, 777; his Georgia cam-
paign, 786; expels inhabitants of At-
lanta, 797; political effect of his vic-
tories, 801; official report of his
march through Georgia, 806; ap-
proves Lincoln's reconstruction
plans, 836
Sherman Silver Law, an act of Con-
gress (1890): account of, 24, 974;
causes panic of 1893, 994
Sherwood (early 19th century), an
Englishman in Russia: sketch of, 15,
267
Sheshank I (10th century B. C), King
of Egypt: reign of, 1, 29
Sheshbazzar (6th century B. C), a
governor of Jerusalem: appoint-
ment of, 1, 401
Sheshkovski (18th century), a Russian
official: head of the secret police,
15, 153
Shiahs (Shiites), a division of the Mo-
hammedans: rise of, I, 243; aid
Korkud and Ahmed, 14, 115; their
schism with the Sunnites, 122
Shield 1 of Rome, The: see Fabius
Maximus, Quintus
Shigemori, Taira-no-: see Taira-no-
Shigemori
Shih Hwangti (3rd century B. C), a
Chinese ruler: establishes Chinese
Empire, 6, 11
Shih K'ofa (17th century), a Chinese
scholar: champions the Ming cause,
6, 55
Shiites: see Shiahs
Shijonawate, Japan: battle of, 7, 90
Shiloh, an ancient town in Palestine:
the Ark placed in, 1, 377
Shiloh, Battle of: see Pittsburg Land-
ing
Shimabara, Japan: rebellion of, 7, 137
Shimazu Hisamitsu (19th century), a
Japanese Samurai chief: attempts to
restore tranquillity to Japan, 7, 161;
causes a breach between Japan and
England, 162
Shimazu Narishige (19th century), a
Japanese baron: attempts to restore
tranquillity to Japan, 7, 161
Shimonoseki, Treaty of, a treaty
which settled the hostilities between
Japan and the other countries whose
ships had been fired on in the
Strait of Shimonoseki (1895), 7, 165,
15, 350
Shimonoseki Affair, The, the trouble
caused by Japan's firing on foreign
vessels in the Strait of Shimonoseki,
7, 163, 165
Shingon Sect, a Buddhist sect in Ja-
pan: founded, 7, 41
Shinsai, Korea: battle of, 7, 121
Shipka Pass, a pass in the Balkans:
battle of (1877), 14, 481, 15, 334
GENERAL INDEX
641
Shippen, Margaret (late 18th century),
a Philadelphia woman of Tory fam-
ily: engaged to Benedict Arnold, 23,
275
Shiragi, Korea: revolt of, 7, 25
Shirakawa, Emperor of Japan, 1073-
1087: gives influence to Buddhist
priests, 7, 54
Shiraz, Persia: siege of (1790), 5, 356
Shires, the name given to counties in
England: origin and growth of, II,
S3
Shirley, English minister to Russia,
1762: at the Russian court, 15, 155
Shirley, Sir Anthony (1 565-1 630), an
English traveler and navigator: re-
organizes Persian army, 5, 343
Shirley, Robert (ca. 1570-1628), an
English traveler, brother of Sir An-
thony: reorganizes Persian army, 5,
343
Shirley, William (ca. 1705-1771), an
Anglo-American governor: plans
capture of Louisburg, 23, 164; son
killed at Fort Duquesne, 179; plans
attach on Fort Niagara, 182
Shiroyama, Japan: battle of, 7, 182
Shisen, Korea: battle of, 7, 121
Shishkin, a contemporary Russian
statesman: appointed minister of
foreign affairs, 15, 348
Shishkov (Schischkow), Alexander
Semenovitch (1754-1841), a Russian
writer and minister of state: made
minister of public instruction, 15,
265; memoirs of, 201, 204
Shiva- worship : see Siva-worship
Sho Tai (19th century), King of Loo-
choo: his relations with Japanese
government, 7, 193
Shohei-ko, a school in Japan: growth
of, 7, 141
Shokei (Keishoki) (15th century), a
Japanese artist: sketch of, 7, 106
Shoko, Emperor of Japan, 1413-1429:
accession of, 7, 93
Shokoku-ji, a temple in Kyoto, Ja-
pan: built, 7, 93
Shomei, Emperor of Japan, 629-642:
accession of, 7, 20
Shdmu, Emperor of Japan, 131-192:
reign of, 7, 10; aids the spread of
Buddhism, 32; marriage of, 45
Shoni Kagesuke (late 13th century), a
Japanese soldier: his campaign
against the Chinese, 7, 76
Shoovalof: see Shuvalov
Shore, John, Lord Tiegnmouth
(1751-1834), an English statesman
and writer: financial reforms of, 5,
196; made governor-general of In-
dia, 196
Short Parliament, The, in English his-
tory, the Parliament which sat from
April 13 to May 5, 1640: account of,
II, 337
Shotoku (5th century), a Japanese
prince: distinguishes' himself as a
scholar, 7, 14
Shovel, Sir Cloudesley (ca. 1650-1707),
an English admiral: his services for
the Dutch, 13, 250
Shozui (16th century), a Japanese pot-
ter: aids the development of ceram-
ics, 7, 107
Shrewsbury, England: battle of (1403),
, 193
Shrewsbury, Parliament of, a Parlia-
ment called by Richard II (1398):
account of, 11, 184
Shu Shun (d. 1861), a Chinese con-
spirator: account of, 6, 188, 189
Shuban (early 15th century), a Japa-
nese painter: sketch of, 7, 106
Shuiski, Vassili Ivanovitch: see Vas-
sili (IV or V) Shuiski
Shuja (early 19th century), an Afghan
ruler: exiled, 5, 216; attempts to re-
gain his throne, 217
Shuja-ud-daula, governor of Oudh,
1753-1775: reign of, 5, 126; at war
with the English, 187
Shumla (Shumna), Bulgaria: surren-
ders to the Turks (1389), 14, 34;
Russians repulsed at, 427; surren-
ders to the Russians (1829), 430
Shun (ca. 2000 B. C), a Chinese em-
peror: reign of, 6, 6
Shunchih (17th century), a Chinese
emperor: reign of, 6, 57
Shushan: see Susa
Shuvalov (Shoovalof), Count Ivan
642
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Ivanovitch (1727-1798), a Russian
statesman: favorite of Elizabeth, 15,
145; educational work of, 149; com-
missioned by Catherine, 197
Shuvalov (Shoovalof), Count Paul
(1830 ), a Russian general and
diplomat: appointed governor of
Poland, 15, 345
Shuvalov (Shoovalof), Count Peter
(1827-1889), a Russian diplomat: at
Berlin Congress, 14, 487
Siam, kingdom of southeastern Asia:
concludes treaty with France, 20,
273
Siamese Tribute, a tribute paid by
Siam to China, 6, 118
Sian Fu: see Hsian Fu
Siberia, Russian possession in Asia:
sketch of, 16, 317; conquest of, 15,
18
Sibilla (14th century), queen of Pedro
IV of Aragon: treatment of, by Juan
I of Aragon, 8, 257
Siboney (Las Guasimas), Cuba: bat-
tle of (1898), 22, 459
Sibylla (16th century), wife of John
Frederick: defends Wittenberg, 18,
256
Sicambrians, a German tribe: location
of, 18, 6; relation of, to Franks,
28
Sicarius (7th century A. D.), Frankish
envoy: his mission to Samo the
Merchant, 17, 20
Siccius Dentatus, Lucius (5th century
B. C), Roman soldier: murder of,
3, 45
Sicels (Siceleotes or Siculi), native
Sicilian people: aid the Athenians,
2, 337
Sicilian Vespers, name applied to the
massacre of the French in Sicily by
the Sicilians (1282), 4, 257, 9, 85, 18,
170
Sicily, an island in the Mediterranean,
called the Jewel of Europe: Phoeni-
cian colonization in, 1, 121; Greek
colonization in, 2, 83, 84; early his-
tory of, 214; Athenians send rein-
forcements to, 301; invaded by the
Athenians, 328; ravaging in, 408; in-
vaded by Carthaginians, 409; in the
power of Dionysius I, 413; freed by
Timoleon, 417; after death of Timo-
leon, 515; succumbs to Rome, 2,
516, 3, 100; Hasdrubal invades, 3,
102; surrenders to Pompeius, 228;
conquered for Caesar, 342; recovered
by Belisarius, 2, 532; conquered by
the Saracens, 1, 353; united with
Aragon, 4, 263; condition under
Spanish rule, 323; revolts against
the King of Naples, 353; insurrec-
tion in (i860), 377; condition under
the kingdom of Italy, 400
Sickingen, Franz von (1481-1523),
German soldier: power of, 18, 228:
befriends Luther, 239
Sickles, Daniel Edgar (1822 ),
American general: at Gettysburg,
24, 780
Sicyon, city of Peloponnesus, Greece:
revolt from oligarchy in, 2, 76; joins
Laconian League, 77; tryanny in,
94; sends ships to Salamis, 199; at-
tacked by Athenians, 246; taken by
Epaminondas, 443; joins Achaean
League, 516
Siddhartha: see Buddha
Sidi Ali (16th century), Turkish ad-
miral: eminence of, 14, 164
Sidi Okba: see Okbah
Sidler, Landammann (19th century),
Swiss statesman: joins movement
for revision of the Confederation,
13, 539
Sidmouth, Henry Addington, Vis-
count: see Addington, Henry, Vis-
count Sidmouth
Sidney, Algernon (ca. 1622-1683), Eng-
lish politician: trial of, 11, 415
Sidney, Sir Philip (1554-1586), English
general and author: aids the Dutch
Republic, 11, 293; sketch of, 13, 157
Sidon, Phoenicia, called The Fishing
City: location of, 1, 119; supremacy
of, in Phoenicia, 124; destroyed (680
B. C), I, 89, 2, 78; (351 B. C), x,
168; return to commercial power, I,
126; Sigurd Jorsalafari at the cap-
ture of, 16, 97
Sidonia, Spain: battle of, 8, 102
Siebnerkonkordat, an alliance formed
between seven of the Swiss cantons
GENERAL INDEX
643
for the mutual security of their
new constitutions, and for the car-
rying out of Federal reform (1832),
13, 540
Siedlice, Russian Poland: massacre of
(1906), 15, 368
Siegfried (9th century), Norse king:
at the siege of Paris, 16, 23
Siegric, King of Leire, ca. 9th cen-
tury A. D.: driven from his throne,
16, 21
Siegwart-Miiller, Konstantin (19th
century), Swiss chancellor: leads the
Ultramontanists, 13, 547
Siemashko, Joseph (19th century),
leader of the Russian Greco-Uniate
bishops: his petition to the tsar,
15, 297
Siena, Italy: siege and fall of (1554-
1555), 4, 307, 9, 147
Sierakowski (19th century), Russian
insurgent: in the Polish insurrec-
tion, 15, 328
Sierra Leone, Africa: English attempt
to colonize, 19, 37, 20, 130; sketch
of, 20, 257
Sieyes, Count Emmanuel Joseph
(1748-1836), French publicist and
statesman: his pamphlet on the
third estate, 10, 38; elected member
of the States-General, 39; instigates
the formation of a national assem-
bly, 9, 262; at the meeting of the
assembly (1789), 10, 52; directs the
Feuillant Club, 128; demands the re-
call of the proscribed conventional-
ists, 331; elected a member of the
directory, 361; replaced by Carnot,
361; made member of the directory,
9, 309; forms alliance with Napo-
leon, 310; appointed consul, 9, 315,
10, 432; labors to establish legal
reform, 9, 405; attacks the Jacobins,
408; sketch of, 10, 83
Siffin: battles of (ca. 657 A. D.), I,
246
Sigbrit (16th century), mother of Dy-
veke: influence of, 16, 191
Sigebut (8th century A. D.), King of
the Goths: restored to his throne, 1,
319
Sigeric, King of the Goths, ca. 415 A.
D.: reign of, 8, 36
Sighelmus of Sherborne (ca. 883),
English envoy: said to have visited
India, 5, 156
Sigibert (Sigbert) I (d. 575 A. D.),
King of Austrasia: reign of, 9, 26,
18, 61
Sigibert II (ca. 601-613), King of
Austrasia: reign of, 9, 31
Sigibert III (d. 654 A. D.), King of
Austrasia: reign of, 9, 33
Sigibert (d. 509 A. D.), King of the
Ripuarian Franks: assassination of,
9, 21
Sigismund (1361-1437), Holy Roman
Emperor, 1410-1437, called The
Light of the World: receives Bran-
denburg, 18, 194; marries Mary of
Hungary, 17, 153; his accession to
the throne of Hungary, 117; makes
war on the Turks, 14, 37, 38; ap-
pointed vicar of the empire, 18,
198; imprisons Wenzef, 199; elected
emperor, 17, 122; reign of, 18, 201;
sanctions the Council of Constance,
I 3, 396; invades Bohemia, 17, 129;
Erik appeals to, 16, 126; his reign
as king of Hungary, 17, 141, 155
Sigismund, Burgundian King, 516-524
A. D.: conversion of, 13, 337; aids
spread of Christianity, 338; death
of, 9, 24
Sigismund I (1467-1548), King of Po-
land, 1507-1548: reign of, 15, 379
Sigismund (II) Augustus (1520-1572),
King of Poland, 1548-1572: his rela-
tions with the Russians, 15, 17;
reign of, 379
Sigismund (III) Vasa (1556-1632),
King of Poland, 1587-1632, and
Sweden, 1592-1604: elected to the
throne of Poland, 16, 166; reign of,
15, 380; oppresses the Cossacks, 25;
his reign in Sweden, 16, 168; de-
posed from the throne of Sweden,
171; supports pretenders to the Rus-
sian throne, 15, 19, 20; aids Ferdi-
nand II of Germany, 18, 270; at
war with Gustavus Adolphus, 16,
179
644
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Sigismund, Duke of Austria, 1439-
1496: accession of, 17, 107; opposes
Swiss leagues, 13, 403; his relations
with Charles the Bold of Burgundy,
18, 216; acquires part of the Ten
Jurisdictions, 13, 394; death of, 18,
227
Sigismund Korybutovicz (15th cen-
tury), Polish prince: invades Bohe-
mia, 17, 132; accepts regency of Bo-
hemia, 133; leads Bohemian army,
134; driven out of Bohemia, 134
Sigovesius (4th century B. C), a Cel-
tic chief: tradition of, 17, 10
Sigrid (16th century), a Scandinavian
princess, daughter of Erik XIV:
sketch of, 16, 164
Sigsbee, Charles Dwight (1845 ),
an American naval officer: advises
against haste in the Maine Affair,
24, 1024
Sigtrygg (9th century), a Viking chief
in Ireland: establishes his kingdom,
16, 43
Sigurd (late 8th century), King of
Skaania and the Danish Islands:
the legend of, 16, 20
Sigurd (early 10th century), Prince of
Norway, son of Harald Haarfager:
defeated by Erik Blodoxe, 16, 52
Sigurd (late 9th century), a Scandi-
navian chief in the Orkneys: made
earl, 12, 255
Sigurd (late nth century), pretended
son of Magnus Barfod: career of,
16, 98
Sigurd Jarl (10th century), a Scandi-
navian courtier: at the Drontheim
Thing, 16, 53
Sigurd Jorsalafari (Sigurd I) King of
Denmark, 1103-1130: career of, 16,
97
Sigurd Ring, King of Denmark, 736-
750: at the battle of Bravalla, 16,
19
Sihon (15th century B. C), King of
the Amorites: defeated by the He-
brews, 1, 2,76
Sikandar (Sekunder) (16th century),
an Afghan military leader: at bat-
tle of Sirhind, 5, no
Sikh War, a war between the British
and the Sikhs in India (1848 i?
assassination of British officers at
Multan, 5, 225; general rising in
the Punjab, 226; battle of Chilian-
wala, 226; British victory at Gujrat,
226; the Punjab becomes a British
province, 226
Sikhs, the members of a politico-re-
ligious community in India: sketch
of, 5, 220
Siladitya (7th century A. D.), an In-
dian king: reign of, 5, 6s
Silanus, Marcus Junius, Roman consul,
109 B. C: defeated by Cimbri, 3,
193
Silanus, Marcus Junius (d. 196 B. C),
Roman soldier: accompanies Scipio
to Spain, 3, 126
Silanus, Marcus Junius, Roman con-
sul, 19 A. D.: death of, 4, 56
Silchester, England: ruins of old
church found at, 11, 14
Silence, The Man of: see Napoleon
III, Emperor of the French
Silesia, a region of central Europe:
conquered by Bohemia, 17, 64; Ger-
man influence in, 15, 2731 invaded
by the king of Poland, 17, 142; part
of, given to Hungary (1475), 163;
ceded to Frederick II of Prussia, 17,
241, 18, 330; in the struggle against
the French Revolution, 17, 286
Silesian Wars, The, wars waged by
Frederick the Great of Prussia
against Austria for the possession
of Silesia:
(1), a war in which Prussia was
allied with Saxony, Bavaria, and
France, and Austria with Great
Britain (1740-1742): Breslau sur-
renders to Frederick, 18, 329;
Prussian victory at Mollwitz, 329;
Maria Theresa yields Silesia to
Prussia, 17, 241, 18, 330
(2), a war in which Austria was
aided by Saxony (1744-1745):
Frederick invades Bohemia, 18,
330; retreats, 330; Prussian vic-
tories at Hohenfriedberg, Svor,
and Kesselsdorf, 331; peace con-
cluded at Dresden, 331
Silistria, Bulgaria: Russian defeat at
GENERAL INDEX
645
(1773), M> 334; taken by Russians
(1810), 406; siege of (1854), " 615,
14, 453
Silk: production and manufacture of,
introduced into Japan, 7, 18
Silken Lord, The: see Kildare, Thomas
Fitzgerald, Earl of
Sillery, Charles Alexis Brulart, Mar-
quis de, Count de Genlis (1737-
I793)> a French officer: aids Dutch
Protestants, 13, 113; death of, 10,
279
Silliman, Benjamin (1779-1864), an
American scientist: his work, 23,
481
Silly: see Marlborough, John Church-
hill, Duke of
Silly Billy: see William IV, King of
England
Silo, King of Asturias and Leon, 774-
783: reign of, 8, 131
Silva, Lucius Flavius (1st century A.
D.), a Roman military leader: cap-
tures Masada, 1, 412
Silveira, Gonsalvo da (d. 1561), a
Portuguese missionary in Africa:
explorations of, 19, 23
Silvela, Premier of Spain, 1899-1900
and 1902-1903: first ministry of, 8,
520; second ministry of, 521
Simancas, Spain: battle of (939 A. D.),
8, 136
Simba (19th century), a sultan of
Witu, Africa: his relations with Eu-
ropeans, 19, 133
Simeon, Joseph Jerome (1749-1842), a
French minister of state: made min-
ister of the interior, 9, 2>73
Simeon, Tribe of, one of the tribes of
the Israelites: attempts to win Ca-
naan, 1, 277
Simla, a district in the northern part
of British India: sketch of, 5, 207
Simmler, Josias (16th century), a
Swiss historian: sketch of, 13, 454
Simms, William Gilmore (1806- 1870),
an American novelist, historian, and
poet: his work, 23, 76
Simnel, Lambert (ca. 1487-1525), a
pretender to the throne of England:
insurrection of, 11, 224, 12, 72
Simon I (3rd century B. C), high
priest of Jerusalem: reign of, 1,
404
Simon III (2nd century B. C.) high
priest of Jerusalem: becomes high
priest, 1, 407
Simon, Jules (Jules Francois Simon-
Suisse) (19th century), a French
statesman and philosopher: in the
elections of 1869, 9, 458
Simon ben Giora (1st century A. D.),
one of the leaders of the Zealot
party during the Judeo-Roman war:
leader of Jewish revolt (67 A. D.),
1, 411
Simon ben Kochba (2nd century A.
D.), a Jewish leader: leads Jewish
revolt (132 A. D.), 1, 413
Simon de Montfort: see Montfort,
Simon de
Simon-Suisse, Jules Frangois: see Si-
mon, Jules
Simovich, Count (early 19th century),
a Russian envoy to Persia: his influ-
ence in Persia, 5, 360
Simplon Tunnel, a tunnel through the
Simplon Mountain, Switzerland:
built, 13, 578
Simpson, Sir James (1 792-1868), a
British general: in the Crimean
War, 9, 447
Simpson, Thomas (1808-1840), a Brit-
ish explorer: explorations of, 16,
309
Sims, a Georgia negro, arrested in
Boston (1851): case of, 24, 616
Sinclair, Malcolm (18th century), an
English officer in the Swedish serv-
ice: account of, 15, in; murder of,
16, 227
Sind (Sinde, Scinde, or Sindh), a prov-
ince of British India: conquered by
the Moguls (1592), 5, 113
Sineus (9th century), a Scandinavian
leader: settles in Russia, 16, 40
Singapore, an island south of the Ma-
lay Peninsula: growth of, 20, 251
Siniavin (early 19th century), a Rus-
sian admiral: gains victory over
Turkish fleet, 14, 398; surrender of,
15, 218
646
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Sinnott, David (17th century), an
Irish military leader: defends Wex-
ford, 12, 124
Sinope (Sinub), Asia Minor: rise
of, 2, 81; destroyed by Simmerians,
I, 144, 2, 116; taken by Cossacks, 14,
211; battle of (1853), 11, 615, 14,
45i, 15, 307
Sin-shar-ishkun (7th century B. C.)
King of Assyria: reign of, 1, 91
Sinub: see Sinope
Sinuessa, in Italy: established, 3, 73
Sion, Switzerland: battle of (1475), 13,
407
Siouan Indians, a stock of North
American Indians: independent of
other families, 23, 7; early migra-
tions, 8
Sioux Indians, a tribe of North Amer-
ican Indians: war with the United
States, 24, 905
Sippara (Sippar or Sepharoaim), Mes-
opotamia: battle of (539), 1, 401
Siqueira, Diogo Lopes de, Portuguese
governor in India, 1518: administra-
tion of, 8, 331
Siraj-ud-daula (Surajah Dowlah) (d.
1757). nawab of Bengal: at war with
English, 5, 182
Sirensk, Russia: taken by Shereme-
tiev, 15, 42
Sirhind, India: battle of (1556), 5,
no
Siris, in ancient geography, a small
river in southern Italy: battle of, 3,
77 \
Sirmium (Sirmia), an ancient city of
Slavonia: abandoned to Attila, 17,
16; conquered by Bajan (584 A. D.),
. IQ .
Sirmium, Council of, a council held at
Sirmium in which the doctrines of
Arius were condemned (380 A. D.),
17, IS
Sirovotskov (early 19th century), a
Russian Arctic explorer: explora-
tions of, 16, 306
Siscia (Sisca or Segesta), an ancient
town in Austria-Hungary, the mod-
ern Sisek: becomes a Roman mili-
tary post, 17, 12; battle of (389 A.
D.) 4, 135; see also Sisek
Sisebert (d. 621), King of the Goths:
reign of, 8, 44
Sisek, a town in Bosnia, Austria-Hun-
gary, the ancient Siscia: battle of
(1592), 17, 223; see also Siscia
Sistova, a town in Bulgaria: occupied
by the Russians (1877), 15, 333
Sistova, Treaty of, a treaty between
Turkey and Austria (1791), account
of, 14, 357, 386, 17, '276
Sisvan (14th century), King of Bul-
garia: account of, 14, 30, 34
Sisygambis (4th century B. C),
mother of Darius III: captured by
Alexander, 2, 493, 499
Sitabaldi, India: battle of (1817), 5,
209
Shakes (d. 424 B. C), King of
Thrace: reign of, 2, 284
Sitklan Island, a small island on the
coast of Alaska: awarded to United
States, 24, 1055
Sitric of the Silken Beard (nth cen-
tury), King of Dublin: at war with
Brian Boru, 12, 42
Sitting Bull (ca. 1837-1890), an Amer-
ican Indian chief: leader of Indian
war, 24, 905
Sittius, Publius (1st century B. C), a
Roman military officer: aids Cae-
sar, 3, 358
Sitvatorok, Treaty of, a treaty be-
tween Austria and Turkey (1606):
account of, 14, 208, 210, 374
Siu-yen, Manchuria: battle of (1894),
7, 208; captured by Japanese (1904),
310
Sivaji (Sivajee), a Maratha leader: at
war with Aurangzel, 5, 122; career
of, 130; pillages Surat, 165
Sivas, a city in Asiatic Turkey, the an-
cient Sebasteia: annexed by Baye-
zid, 14, 38; assailed by Timur, 47
Siva-worship, the worship of Siva or
Shiva, a Hindu god: description of,
5, 81
Siward (d. 1055), Earl of Northumber-
land: at war with Macbeth of Scot-
land, 12, 257
Six Acts, The, measures passed by
the English Parliament (1819), II,
572
GENERAL INDEX
647
Six Articles, Statute of, in English his-
tory, an act passed 1539, II, 259
Six Nations: see Iroquois Indians
Six Weeks' War, a war between Prus-
sia and Austria (1866): Austrian de-
feat at Sadowa, 16, 275; Prussia
becomes supreme in Germany by
Treaty of Prague, 276
1660, Act of: see Act of 1660
Sixth of George I, The, an act of the
English Parliament (1719), 12, 171
Sixtus IV (Francesco della Rovere),
(1414-1484), Pope, 1471-1484: inter-
venes between Bohemia and Hun-
gary, 17, 147; contention with Lo-
renzo de' Medici, 4, 269; disapproves
the Spanish Inquisition, 13, 83 note
Sixtus V (Felice Peretti) (1521-1590),
Pope, 1585-1590: pontificate of, 4,
313; excommunicates Henry of Na-
varre, 9, 161; concludes an alliance
with the Swiss Catholics, 13, 458;
excommunicates Henry III of
France, 9, 165
Skalitz, Bohemia: battle of (1866), 18,
411
Skanderbeg: see Scanderbeg
Skandersborg, Denmark: battle of
(1841), 16, 114
Skariatin (d. 1849), a Russian general:
death of, 15, 301
Skavronskaya, Martha: see Catherine
I, Empress of Russia
Skeffington, Sir William (d. 1535), a
British statesman, lord deputy of
Ireland: besieges Maynooth, 12, 80
Skiold, a mythical King of Denmark:
the legend of, 16, 17
Skioldungs (Skjoldungs), the descend-
ants and followers of Skiold: found-
ers of the dynasty of, 16, 9
Skjold: see Skiold
Skjoldungs: see Skioldungs
Skobelev (Skobeleff), Mikhail (1845-
1882), a Russian soldier: in Russo-
Turkish War, 14, 482; at siege of
Plevna, 15, 335; storms Geok Tepe,
5, 367
Skoropadski (early 18th century), a
Cossack chief: election of, 15, 51
Skraelingar (Skrellings), the name
given by Leif Ericson to the natives
of Vinland: attacks of the, 16, 49;
description of, 23, 20
Skrzynecki, Jan Boncza (1787-1860),
a Polish general: in the Polish in-
surrection, 15, 294
Skytte (Schroderus), Johan (1577-
1645), a Swedish statesman and
writer: educates Gustavus Adolphus,
16, 175; leads the democrats, 204
Slade, William (early 19th century),
an American statesman: champion
of the abolitionists, 24, 578
Slaghoek, Didrik (early 16th century),
a Swedish officer of state: provokes
the blood bath of Stockholm, 16,
149; regent of Sweden, 152
Slankamen: see Salankeman
Slashes, The Mill-boy of the: see Clay,
Henry
Slatin Bey (19th century), a Turkish
military officer in Egypt: defeat of,
19, 271
Slatius, Henry (early 17th century),
an Armenian preacher: plots against
life of Maurice of Nassau, 13, 205
Slaughter Act, an act passed in Switz-
erland to amend the constitution
(1893), 13, S87
Slavata, William of (early 17th cen-
tury), an Austrian statesman: ac-
cused of inciting the Emperor Ma-
thias against the Protestants, 17,
201
Slave Kings, Dynasty of, a dynasty in
India in the early 13th century:
founded, 5, 97
Slaves, Slavery, and Slave Trade:
AFRICA: main treatment, 19, 35;
colonization of Sierra Leone, 37;
sketch of, 38; colonization of Libe-
ria, 49; Arabian slave trade, 58; com-
bination of powers to suppress, 115,
122, 310; domestic slavery, 183, 279,
310; abolished in the Witu country,
200; in the Lake Nyasa region, 238;
in the Congo Free State, 252; slave-
trade abolished at the Cape, 20,
221; present condition of, 19, 310
ARABIA: purchase of female
slaves, 1, 288; price of slaves, 305
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: traffic for-
bidden in Dalmatia, 17, 39; St.
648
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Stephen, of Hungary improves con-
dition; 49
BELGIUM: plans for the suppres-
sion of, 13, 3i 1
DENMARK: slave trade abolished,
16, 255, 19. 40, 20, 297
EGYPT: the mamelukes, 1, 36, 14,
127
ENGLAND: method of securing
slaves, 11, 20; conversion of free-
men into serfs, 51; Englishmen
transported to West Indies, 423;
successful attempt to abolish slave
trade, 540, 558, 559; slavery abol-
ished in colonies, II, 592, 20, 240;
slave trade in Africa, 19, 30; slave
trade in Africa abolished, 40; influ-
ence on African slave trade, 84
EUROPE: Christians sold into
slavery, 9, 142
FRANCE: slaves, 9, 5; emancipa-
tion in colonies, 20, 134
GERMANY: classes of slaves, 18,
8, 57
GREECE: debtors sold as slaves,
2, 103; slaves freed by Cleisthenes,
146; women and children abducted
by Turks, 544
HOLLAND: slave trade in Africa,
19, 30
INDIA: absence of, 5, 70
MEXICO: abolished, 24, 532
PHOENICIA: inhabitants of Tyre
sold as slaves, 1, 126
PORTUGAL: slave traffic, 8, 322;
freeing of slaves, 473, 526; slave
trade in Africa, 19, 17, 28
ROME: position of slaves, 3, 11;
introduction of slaves, 41; captives
sold into slavery, 151, 303; increased
use of slaves, 160; trade in slaves
becomes a profession, 172; slave in-
surrections, 173, 186; evils of slav-
ery, 261
SCOTLAND: abolition, 12, 370
SOUTH AMERICA: abolished in
Ecuador, 21, 107; abolished in Para-
guay, 155; in Brazil, 163; not recog-
nized by the constitution of the
empire of Brazil, 172; slave-trade
abolished in Peru, 202; abolished in
Chili, 217; abolished in Brazil, 248
SPAIN: slavery decreased, 8, 32;
condition of slaves, 55
TURKEY: origin of Janissaries, 14,
20; position of slaves, 100; sale of
Christians, 152
UNITED STATES: among the In-
dians, 23, 14; introduced into Vir-
ginia, 61; slaves brought to South
Carolina, 75; use of Indians as
slaves, 77; in Georgia, 80, 81; law
against fugitive slaves in New Eng-
land Confederation, 96; slavery prac-
ticed in Penn's colony, 112; statistics
at the outbreak of the Revolution,
126, 128; status at outbreaK of the
Revolution, 128; proposal to pro-
hibit it in the Northwest Territory,
318; prohibited in Northwest Terri-
tory, 319; slave trade compromise
of the Constitution, 328; affects of
the Louisiana purchase, 399; impor-
tation of slaves forbidden, 19, 40,
20, 130, 240; suppression of slave
trade agreed to in Treaty of Ghent,
23, 430; fugitives seek refuge in East
Florida, 444; comparison of condi-
tions in North and South, 450; ef-
fect of cotton gin, 450; slave-holding
territory extended, 451; growth of
sentiment against, 452; Missouri
Compromise, 455; prohibited in
Maine, 455; agreement between Great
Britain and United States for sup-
pression of slave trade, 24, 531; con-
troversy over annexation of Texas,
5355 presidential election of 1848,
559; rise of the controversy, 561;
in the territories, 594, 630, 659, 766;
prohibited in California, 598; Com-
promise of 1850, 601; Calhoun's idea
of slavery, 604; Dred Scott case,
658; constitutionality of exclusion
from territories, 659; citizenship of
the negro under Federal Constitu-
tion, 660; plenary powers of Con-
gress, 660; Lecompton Constitution,
662; feeling in Kansas, 663; Lin-
coln's utterances respecting slavery,
667; John Brown's convictions con-
cerning, 673; Helper's view of the
system, 677; secession of the south-
ern States, 684; slave importation
GENERAL INDEX
649
prohibited by Confederacy, 695; the
Civil War, 19, 58, 24, 7H', abolished
by purchase in District of Colum-
bia, 24, 766; abolished in territories,
766; Confiscation Act (1862), 766;
preliminary Emancipation Procla-
mation, 767; abolished by thirteenth
amendment, II, 623, 20, 240, 24, 841;
negro suffrage question, 24, 858,
932; negro suffrage endorsed by
Chase, 859; negro suffrage in Demo-
cratic platform (1868), 860; influ-
ence of carpet bag rule in South,
864; the Ku-Klux-Klan, 868; rights
of the negro in South, 874; Force
Bill, 970
WEST INDIES: introduction of
negroes into the West Indies, 20,
74; slaves imported from Africa, 19,
38; condition of slaves, 20, 132;
slave-trade in the West Indies, 13,
315, 20, 238; slave-trade and slavery
abolished by Denmark in Danish
West Indies, 16, 255, 20, 297; ef-
fect of Haytian independence, 20,
492; slave revolt in San Domingo,
10, 161, 445, 20, 138; abolishing of,
in Cuba, 20, 327
Slavonia, a region in Austria-Hun-
gary: Scordisci settle in, 17, 11;
comes under Frankish rule, 38; in-
. corporated in Hungary, 398
Slavs or Slavonians, race of eastern
Europe: location of, 15, 4, 9; con-
tribute to Austrian history, 17, 5;
influence of, 8; history of, 18; in-
vade the Roman empire, 17, 15, 2,
533
Sleeman, Sir William Henry (1788-
1856), English officer and writer:
suppresses " thags " in India, 5, 214
Slesvig: see Schleswig
Slesvig, the capital of the province of
Slesvig-Holstein: burned by Harald
Haardrade, 16, 67; battle of (1848),
270
Slesvig-Holstein, a province of Prus-
sia: Knud Hlaford invested with,
16, 76; bestowed on Albert, 85; its
union with Denmark, 135; the his-
tory of, 265; see also Slesvig-Hol-
stein Wars and Schleswig
Slesvig-Holstein Wars: first, 16, 95;
(1412), 124; (1848), 270; (1864), 274
Sleswick: see Schleswig
Slidell, John (1793-1871), American
politician: sent to Mexico, 22, 283,
24, 544; appointed Confederate rep-
resentative at Paris, 24, 728; see also
Mason anc] Slidell Incident
Slivinitza, Bulgaria: battle of (1885),
14, 494, 15, 343
Sloat, John Drake (19th century),
American naval commander: in the
Mexican War, 22, 289; sent to seize
California, 24, 548
Slobasia, Truce of, between Russia
and Turkey (1807), 14, 398, 400,
403
Slocum, Henry Warner (1827-1894),
American soldier and politician:
commands army of the Cumberland,
24, 804; commands Sherman's left,
806
Sloughter, Henry (d. 1691), colonial
governor of New York: appoint-
ment of, 23, 106
Slovenes, a slavic race: origin of, 17,
19; history of, 37
Sluys or Sluis, Netherlands: naval
battle of (1340), 11, 160, 13, 33;
surrenders to the States-General,
13, 178
Smalkalde, League of, league formed
at Smalkalde by several Protestant
princes against Charles V (1531), 9,
142
Small Germans, a political party of
Germany: sketch of, 18, 399, 402
Smendes (Nes-bi-n-dedi) (Se-Amen),
King of Egypt, ca. 1090 B. C. : reign
of, 1, 29
Smerwick, Ireland: battle of (1580),
11, 291, 12, 90
Smirnov, Madame (18th century),
Russian writer: memoirs of, 15, 200
Smith, King: see Louis Philippe, King
of France
Smith, Adam (1723-1790), Scottish
philosopher and political economist:
publishes his " Wealth of Nations,"
18, 345, 23, 201; writings of, 20,
134
Smith, Adamson (18th century),
650
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
American statesman: in first Con-
gress, 23, 342
Smith, Caleb (19th century), American
statesman: Lincoln's Secretary of
the Interior, 24, 708
Smith, Charles Euan (1842 ), Brit-
ish statesman: British consul-gen-
eral in Africa, 19, 140; recommends
expedition to Uganda, 191
Smith, Charles Ferguson (1 806-1 862),
American general: at siege of Fort
Donelson, 24, 744
Smith, Edmund Kirby (1825-1893),
American general: in the Mexican
War, 22, 364; at battle of Bull Run,
2 4> 735J surrenders the forces of
the West, 814
Smith, Gerrit (1797-1874), American
philanthropist: member of American
Anti-Slavery Society, 24, 574; heads
negro rescue at Syracuse, 616; aids
cause of negro abduction, 617; John
Brown aided by, 673; becomes in-
sane, 675
Smith, Green Clay (1832-1895), Amer-
ican general and lawyer: nominated
for President, 24, 909
Smith, Harry (1788-1860), English
general: wins battle of Aliwal, 5,
221
Smith, Hoke (1855 ), American
lawyer: Secretary of the Interior,
2 4> 993 note
Smith, Hyrum (19th century), an
American Mormon: murdered by
mob, 24, 982
Smith, J. M. (19th century), American
military officer: in the Mexican
War, 22, 349
Smith, Jacob Hurd (1840 ), Amer-
ican general: court-martialed, 24,
1043
Smith, John (1579-1631), English ex-
plorer and historian: sketch of, 23,
58; explores coast of New England,
86
Smith, Joseph (1805-1844), American
religious leader: founder of Mor-
monism, 24, 982
Smith, Maxwell J. (living), wireless
telegraph expert: member of the
Wellman Expedition, 16, 341
Smith, Persifor F. (19th century),
American military officer: in the
Mexican War, 22, 345
Smith (Smythe), Sir Thomas (ca.
1558-1625), governor of the English
East India Company: administra-
tion of, 5, 158; appointed councilor,
23, 57
Smith, William (19th century), Eng-
lish whaler: his discoveries in the
Antarctic, 16, 333
Smith, Sir William Sidney, often
called Sir Sidney Smith, an English
admiral: born at Westminster, July
21, 1764; entered the navy at the
age of eleven; won a lieutenancy in
the battle off Cape St. Vincent, Jan-
uary, 1780; advised the King of Swe-
den in his war with Russia, 1788-
1790; joined Lord Hood at Tou-
lon, 1793; was captured by the French
1796, and sent to Paris, but escaped
in 1798; was sent to Constantinople
as plenipotentiary, 1798; went to the
relief of St. Jean d'Acre and com-
pelled Napoleon to raise the siege,
1799; was at the battle of Aboukir,
1799; was member of Parliament
for Rochester, 1802; was sent to
Sicily and Naples on secret service,
1805; joined Sir John Duckworth
against the Turks, 1807, and de-
stroyed the French fleet at Abydos,
February 7, 1807; died at Paris, May
26, 1840
In Franco-Turkish war, 14, 382,
383, 384; defends Saint Jean d' Acre,
9, 309
Smolensk, Russia, called The Key of
Russia: under the Varangians, 15,
5; battle of (1812), 10, 485, 15, 223,
18, 380
Smolka (19th century), Polish states-
man: made vice-president of the
diet of Vienna (1849), 17, 374; elect-
ed president of the diet, 377
Smuggling: in the Spanish- American
colonies, 23, 45; in New England
prior to the Revolution, 205; under
Jefferson's Embargo Act, 410; trou-
bles in East Florida, 444
Smyrna, Asia Minor: sacked by Timur
GENERAL INDEX
651
(1402), 14, 51; taken by Mohammed
I of Turkey, 55; Turkish massacre
at, 2, 543; taken by Ibrahim Pasha,
290
Smythe, Alexander (19th century),
American general: succeeds Van
Rensselaer, 23, 421
Snefru (Sephuris) (ca. 2840 B. C),
King of Egypt: founds the fourth
dynasty, 1, 15
Sneyders (Snyders), Francis (1579-
1657), a Flemish painter: sketch of,
13, 220
Snorre Sturleson (Snorri Sturluson)
(1178-1241), an Icelandic poet and
scholar: sketch of, 16, 8, 99
Snow Queen, The: see Christina,
Queen of Sweden
Snowstorms in Mexico, 22, 187 note
Snyders: see Sneyders
So Yoshitomo (16th century), Japa-
nese statesman; invites the king of
Korea to visit Japan, 7, 116
Soares, Lope (early 16th century), a
Portuguese viceroy in India: his
campaigns in the East, 8, 328; made
viceroy of India, 330
Sobeslav I, King of Bohemia, 1126-
1140: reign of, 17, 66
Sobieski, John: see John (III) So-
bieski
Sobraon, India: battle of (1846), 5,
221
Social Conditions:
AFRICA: of the Boers, 19, 276
ARABIA: freedom of the Arabi-
ans, I, 193; condition of Chris-
tians, 324
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: the Slavs,
17, 23, 26; latter part of 17th cen-
tury, 189; 18th century, 331
BABYLONIA and ASSYRIA:
early civilization, 1, 105, 112
CHINA: 13th century, 6, 19; the
miaotzu, 94; position of foreigners,
142, 145, 278, 282
DENMARK: development of feud-
alism, 16, 94; under Christian II,
189; under Christian VI, 238
EGYPT: as pictured by the papyri,
1, 55; early civilization, 58
ENGLAND: Roman influence, 11,
9, 12; influence of the Angles and
Saxons, 19; morality of the clergy,
48; 10th century, 54; feudal system,
74, 84; persecution of Jews, 112,
145; decay of asceticism, 115; Chau-
cer's England, 177; under Edward
IV, 215; under Elizabeth, 298; un-
der Charles II, 384, 417, 420; under
George III, 535; early Victorian
era, 599; early condition of Jews,
1, 419; naturalization of Jews, 422
EUROPE: after the crusades, 18,
172
FRANCE: the Gauls, 3, 294, 4, 115,
9, 5; feudalism, 9, 63, 65; before
the revolution, 10, 7, 17, 21; rem-
nants of feudalism destroyed, 75;
abolition of titles, 120; of 1815, 9,
368; early condition of Jews, 1,
419; bettered condition of Jews,
422
GERMANY: early civilization, 18,
7: under Maximilian I, 230; end of
16th century, 264; after the Thirty
Years' War, 296; middle of 18th cen-
tury, 325; early condition of Jews,
1/420; later condition of Jews, 422
GREECE: in Homeric state, 2, 35;
in Sparta, 66; Solon's division of
classes, 105; at present time, 550
HUNGARY: 10th century, 17, 45;
European influence, 61; under
Vladislav, 168; 19th century, 430
ICELAND: under Christian VI,
16, 239; from Sagas, 299
INDIA: pursuits of the people, 5,
16; overcrowding of the people, 21;
of various tribes, 27; castes, 43,
77; of the Brahmans, 44, 49; aboli-
tion of inhumane rites, 113; aboli-
tion of widow-burning, 213
IRELAND: early civilization, 12,
9; 5th and 6th centuries, A. D., 33;
after Bruce's invasion, 61; forced
migration of, 1654, 126; position of
Catholics, 163; improved condition
of Catholics, 224; growth of the
temperance cause, 225
ISRAEL: changes in, 1, 378
ITALY: town life in the 12th cen-
tury, 4, 188; town life in the 13th
century, 207; divisions of Floren-
tine society, 226; at present day,
652
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
401; early condition of Jews, 1,
418
JAPAN: primitive civilization, 7,
7; Korean and Chinese influences,
17; establishment of charitable in-
stitutions, 32; degeneration, 44, 45;
feudal system, 78; 18th century,
144; house construction, 148; classes
of society, 150; growth of disso-
lute habits, 153; decline of feudal-
ism, 223
LYDIA: early civilization, 1, 152
MEXICO: the Aztecs, 23, 7; 19th
century, 22, 262
NETHERLANDS: ancient civil-
ization, 13, 4, 7; feudalism, 28;
progress of the common people,
30; after the Reformation, 61; after
victories of Prince of Parma, 146;
early 17th century, 222; asylum for
Jews, 1, 421
PERSIA: early civilization, I,
180; degenerate character, 5, 370
PERU: Spanish influence in Lima,
21, 213
PHCENICIA: commercial spirit
of, 1, 135
POLAND: 16th and 17th centuries,
15, 378; early condition of Jews, 1,
420
PORTUGAL: 18th century, 8, 476
ROME: comparison of Greek and
Roman society, 3, 5; family life,
11; land tenure, 37; changes of 445
B. C, 47; mercantile spirit, 160;
decadence of society, 248; under
Caesar, 378, 382; Nero's persecution
of the Christians, 4, 65; under
Domitian, 84; trouble between
Jews and Christians, 90; persecu-
tion of the Christians by Marcus
Aurelius, 97; provincials made citi-
zens, 4, 103; Christians under
Julian, 129
RUSSIA: Western influence, 15,
14; marriage festivals, 57; in the
18th century, 70, 71; creation of a
middle class, 84, 85; late 18th cen-
tury, 175; middle classes, 182
SCANDINAVIA: 9th century, 16
11; nth century, 63, 64; under Gus-
tavus III of Sweden, 247
SCOTLAND: compared with Eng-
land, 11, 335; influence of England,
12, 269; French influence, 307;
feudal system, 329; after the union
with England, 357; feudalism over-
thrown, 377
SOUTH AMERICA: after the
Spanish conquest, 21, 46; natives
of the Amazon plain, 310
SPAIN: early civilization, 8, 4, 5,
8, 9; classes of society, 54; early
customs, 57; condition of the Jews,
1, 416, 8, 209; reign of Carlos III,
8, 419
SWITZERLAND: lake dwellings,
J3, 3 2 7> Roman influence, 332;
feudalism, 340, 350; 15th century,
429; before the Reformation, 432;
after the Reformation, 450; 17th
century, 484; bigotry of the aristoc-
racy, 497
TURKEY: early condition of
Jews, 1, 421
UNITED STATES: of the In-
dians, 23, 10; women brought to
Virginia, 62; classes of society, 129;
of the negro, 24, 874; condition of
Jews, 1, 424
Social Democrat, a German news-
paper: issued, 18, 446
Social Democratic Party, a political
party in the United States: Debs
nominated President by, 24, 1067
Social Democrats (Socialists), a po-
litical party in Germany; descrip-
tion of, 18, 437
Social War, The, a war in which
Athens was defeated by Byzantium,
Chios, Cos, and Rhodes (ca. 357-
355 B. C): account of, 2, 454
Socialism :
AUSTRALIA: of the state, 20, 215
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: increasing
strength of, 17, 438, 446, 453
BELGIUM: Socialist uprising, 13,
309; rise of, 310
BOHEMIA: newspapers, 17, 429
FRANCE: the commune, 9, 470,
471; growth of, 486
GERMANY: Social Democrats,
18, 437, 446; state's care of the
working classes, 447
GENERAL INDEX
653
ITALY: spread of, 4, 399
NETHERLANDS: dissensions in
Socialist party, 13, 320
NEW ZEALAND: of the state,
20, 215
PORTUGAL: elements of, 8, 539
ROME: teaching of Stoic philoso-
phers, 4, 103
SWEDEN: tendency toward, 16,
280
SWITZERLAND: formation of
communes, 13, 353; state owner-
ship of railroads, 575; growth of,
58i
UNITED STATES: Socialist La-
bor Party, 24, 991, 1067; Social
Democrats, 1067
Socialist Labor Party, a political
party in the United States: nom-
inates Simon Wing for President
(1892), 24, 991; Presidential nom-
ination of 1904, 1067
Society Islands, a group of islands in
the South Pacific Ocean: made a
French protectorate, 20, 276
Society of Jesus: see Jesuits
Socorro, Colombia, South America:
rebellion of, 21, 52
Socctra: see Sokotra
Socrates, a Greek philosopher: born
at Athens about 470 B. C.; at first
followed the profession of his
father, a sculptor, but soon devoted
himself entirely to the pursuit of
philosophy; served as soldier dur-
ing the Peloponnesian War and
was present at Potidaea (431),
Delium (424), and Amphipolis
(422) ; was president of the prytanes,
406, and opposed the Thirty Ty-
rants; was accused of impiety and
of corrupting the Athenian youth,
399; defended himself in a famous
speech, which enraged his judges
and he was condemned; drank the
poisonous hemlock in prison, sur-
rounded by his disciples
Opposes the decrees of Cal-
lixenus, 2, 74; death of, 397
Sodaditas Damebiana, an academic
society in Vienna, Austria; founded
17, 175
Sofala, eastern Africa: factory found-
ed at, 20, 46
Soffarides: see Saffarid Dynasty
Sofia (Sophia), Bulgaria: occupied by
the Russians (1878), 15, 336
Sofia (13th century), Queen of Swe-
den: divorce of, 16, 104
Sofia Amalia, Queen of Denmark and
Norway, 1648-1670: the position of,
16, 230
Soga Dasoku (early 15th century), a
Japanese artist: sketch of, 7, 106
Soga Sukenari (ca. 12th century), a
Japanese soldier; kills father's foe,
7, 152
Soga Tokimune (ca. 12th century), a
Japanese soldier: kills father's foe,
7, 152
Soga-no-Emishi (7th century), a
Japanese prince: influence of, 7, 20
Soga-no-Iname (6th century), a Jap-
anese statesman: counsels the ac-
ceptance of Buddhism, 7, 14
Soga-no-Iruka (7th century), a Japa-
nese prince: influence of, 8, 20
Soga-no-Mako (late 6th century), a
Japanese statesman: works for the
acceptance of Buddhism in Japan,
7, 15
Soga-no-Umako (late 6th century),
a Japanese statesman: builds tem-
ples and pagodas for Buddha, 7, 15;
feud with Monobe Moriya, 19
Sogdianos (Sekydianos) (5th century
B. C.), son of Artaxerxes I, King
of Persia: reign of, 1, 167
Sohr: see Soor
Soissons, France: battles of (486 A.
D.), 18, 46; (720 A. D.) 9, 36
Sokolli (16th century), Grand Vizier
of Turkey: account of, 14, 176;
death of, 201
Sokotra (Socotra), Island of, an is-
land in the Indian Ocean: annexed
by England, 5, 255, 19, 85, 20, 252
Solano (late 18th century), a Spanish
general: his campaigns in America,
22, 212
Solaro, Count (early 18th century),
an Italian soldier: at siege of Turin
(1704), 4. 328
Solebay (Southwold), Suffolk, Eng-
654
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
land: battle of (1672), 9, 210, 13,
236
Solemn. League and Covenant, a
bond between England, Scotland,
and Ireland, for the preservation of
reformed religion, and the extirpa-
tion of papacy (1643), II, 347
Soleure, Massacre of (1382), 13, 379
Soleure, Treaty of, an alliance be-
tween Switzerland and France
(1663), 13, 477
Solferino, Italy: battle of (1859), 4,
373, 9, 45 1, 17, 385, 18, 405
Soliman, Pasha (16th century), a
Turkish admiral: besieges Diu, 8,
435
Soliman: see Solyman or Suleiman
Solis, Juan Diaz, de (ca. 1470-1516), a
Spanish navigator: traces the coasts
of Central America, 31, 16; explores
the bay of Rio de Janeiro, 17
Sollium, Greece: retained by Athens,
2, 317
Solomon, King of Israel, 993-953 B.
C: was a son of King David and
Bathsheba; was born about 1033
B. C. and succeeded his father in
1015; formed an alliance with
Pharaoh, King of Egypt, whose
daughter he married; soon after
his accession, began to build the
magnificent temple which bore his
name: founded the city of Tadmor
or Palmyra; in his reign the Jewish
kingdom rose to its highest pros-
perity and greatest power; he
wrote, or compiled, the collections
of Proverbs which form one of the
canonical books of the Bible; also
the Book of Ecclesiastes, and the
Book of Canticles; died 953 B. C,
after a reign of forty years, and
was succeeded by his son Rehoboam
Anointed and crowned, 1, 386;
reign of, 387; equips fleets for com-
mercial voyages, 19, 6
Solomon, The British: see James I
and also Henry VII, Kings of Eng-
land
Solon, an Athenian legislator, born
in the island of Salamis about 638
B. C. : was a son of Execestides
and a descendant of Codrus; in
his youth he was a merchant and
visited foreign countries; he gained
distinction by his poetical talents
in the early part of his life and
fragments of his poetry are still
extant and highly prized; first re-
corded public service of Solon was
his successful expedition to Sala-
mis, which he recovered from the
Megarians; in 594 B. C. he was
elected archon; he relieved debtors
by a reduction of the rate of in-
terest and cancelled debts and lib-
erated lands from mortgage; he re-
fused to make himself King of
Athens; repealed the laws of Draco,
except those made for the punish-
ment of murder; he established the
council, or court, of the Areopagus,
and he remodelled the political con-
stitution; ordained that new meas-
ures should be first considered in
the senate, and if approved by that
body, be proposed to the popular
assembly, which had power to
adopt or reject them; after finish-
ing his legislative task he obtained
leave of absence for ten years and
visited Egypt and Asia Minor; he
returned to Athens in his old age
and opposed the ambitious designs
of Peisistratus; he began a poem
the subject of which was the fabu-
lous island of Atlantis, but did not
live to finish it; died about 558 B. C.
Consults oracle of Delphi, 2, 44;
life of, 102; legislation of, 104; trav-
els and later life, 108
Solothurn: see Soleure
Solouque (Faustinus I), negro poli-
tician, President of Hayti, 1847-
1852, Emperor of Hayti, 1852-1858:
election of, 22, 499
Soloviov (d. 1879), a Russian con-
spirator: his attempt to assassinate
the tsar, 15, 339
Soltichika, The, the trial and impris-
onment of a Russian noblewoman
for cruelty to her serfs: case of,
15, 182
Soltikov, Count Nicholas Ivanovitch
(1736-1816), a Russian field-mar-
shal, regent of the empire, 1813-
GENERAL INDEX
655
1815): promotes Araktcheiev, 15,
203
Soltikov, Count Peter (ca. 1700-1772),
a Russian field-marshal: made com-
mander, 15, 148; in the Seven
Years' War, 18, 340
Soltyk (18th century), a Polish ec-
clesiastic: imprisonment of, 15, 174
Solway Moss, a district in England:
battle of (1542), 12, 304
Solyman (Suleiman or Soliman) I
(surnamed " The Magnificent ") (ca.
1490-1566), Sultan of Turkey, 1520-
1566; reign of, 14, 143; power of,
5, 101; his sovereignty contested,
120; attempts to conquer India, 5,
150; in Persia, 342; his campaign
against Hungary, 17, 169; aids John
. I of Hungary, 216; conquers Buda,
217; in Germany, 18, 249; besieges
Malta, 8, 355; death of, 14, 176, 17,
220; extent of empire of, 14, 179;
estimate of, 189
Solyman II, Sultan of Turkey, 1687-
1691: reign of, 14, 255; death of,
260
Solyman, King of Cordova, 1012-
1015: reign of, 8, 80
Solyman (8th century), Mohamme-
dan caliph: death of, 1, 331
Solyman ben Abderalman (late 8th
century), a brother of Hixem, ruler
' of Mohammedan Spain: revolts
against Alhakem, 8, 72
Somaliland (Somali Coast Protec-
torate), British, a British protector
ate in eastern Africa: under British
protection, 19, 209; description of,
20, 262
Somaliland, French, a French pro-
tectorate in eastern Africa: gov-
ernment of, 20, 282
Somaliland, Italian, an Italian pro-
tectorate in eastern Africa: de-
scription of, 20, 300
Sombrero, Mexico: siege of (1817),
22, 250
Sombreuil, Charles Virot de (1769-
1795). a French royalist soldier:
pleads with the mob at the Hotel
des Invalides, 10, 63; capture and
death of, 9, 294
Somers, Sir George (d. 1610), an
English colonist: takes possession
of the Bermudas, 20, 249
Somers, John, Baron Somers (1652-
1716), an English statesman and
jurist: Lord Keeper of the Seal, 11,
441; directs the Board of Trade and
Commerce, 20, 89; impeached, 11,
450
Somerset, Dukes of, see Beaufort,
John, and Seymour, Edward
Somerset, Earl of: see Carr, Robert
Somerset, Edmund Beaufort, Duke of
(d. 1455), an English politician: fa-
vorite of Henry VI, 11, 210; death
of, 211
Somerset, Edward, Marquis of Wor-
cester, titular Earl of Glamorgan,
and called Herbert of Raglan ( 1601-
1667), an English peer: concludes
treaty with the Irish, 11, 354
Somerset, Fitzroy James Henry,
Baron Raglan: see Raglan, Fitzroy
James Henry Somerset, Baron
Sommar, Magnus (16th century),
Bishop of Strangnas, a Swedish ec-
clesiastic: at the diet of Vesteraas,
16, 158
Sommerhausen, Germany: battle of
(1647), 9, 200
Somov, Orestes (early 19th century),
a Russian conspirator: in the plot
of the Dekabrists, 15, 273
Sonderhausen, Germany: battle of
(1758), 9, 245
Song-hwan, Korea: battle of, 7, 262
Sonntag, Miss, a contemporary semi-
official Russian diplomat in Korea:
represents Russia at Seul, 7, 296
Sonoma, California: taken by the
Americans, 22, 296
Sons of Liberty, associations formed
in American colonies to resist the
aggressions of the British govern-
ment (1765): of New York, propose
general congresses, 23, 222
Soochow, China: negotiations for sur-
render of, 6, 203; capture of, 204
Soor (Sorr or Sohr), Bohemia: battle
of (1745), 18, 331
Sopatu (3rd century B. C), a Mace-
donian military leader: comes to
the aid of Carthaginians, 3, 129
Sophi: see Safi
656
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Sophia (d. 1877), Queen of Holland,
wife of William II: influence of,
13, 314
Sophia (15th century), a Byzantine
princess: marries Ivan the Great
(1472), 15, 14
Sophia (1630-1714), Electress of Han-
over: made heir of English crown,
11, 448
Sophia (early 15th century), wife of
Wenzel, King of Bohemia: favors
the Hussites, 18, 202, 205
Sophia, a contemporary Prussian
princess: becomes consort of Greek
heir apparent, 2, 548
Sophia: see also Sofia
Sophia of Anhalt-Zerbst: see Cath-
erine (II) the Great, Empress of
Russia
Sophia of Mecklenburg, wife of Fred-
erick II, King of Denmark: sketch
of, 16, 200
Sophia Alexievna (1657-1704), a Rus-
sian princess: guardian of her
brothers, 15, 24; foments an out-
break of the strelitz, 26; regency
of, 27, 29; banished to a convent,
3i
Sophia Dorothea (1666-1726), Elec-
tress of Hanover: mother of Fred-
erick the Great, 18, 326
Sophia Magdalena of Kulmbach-Bay-
reuth, wife of Christian VI, of Den-
mark: sketch of, 16, 238
Sophocles (495-405 B. C.) Greek
tragedian: commands at Samos, 2,
260
Sophronius (7th century), patriarch
of Jerusalem: treats for capitulation
of Jerusalem, 1, 283
Sora, Italy: Romans capture, 3, 65
Sorata, South America: siege of
(1780), 21, 52
Soreas, John de (16th century),
Protestant leader of the Nether-
lands: leads rebellion, 13, 101
Soria, Marquis de (late 18th century)
Spanish soldier: his campaign in
Portugal, 8, 415
Sorr: see Soor
Sosius, Gaius, Roman consul, 32 B.
C: nominee of Antonius, 4, 24
Sota la Marina, Mexico: siege of
(1817), 22, 249
Sotan Ogure (15th century), Japanese
artist: sketch of, 7, 106
So tar 6 Iba (early 20th century),
Japanese politician: assassinates
Toru Hoshi, 7, 229
Sotero, General (late 19th century),
South American statesman: leads
rebellion, 21, 101
Sothel, Seth (17th century): American
colonial statesman: governor of
Carolina, 23, 74
Soto, Hernando (or Fernando) de, a
Spanish explorer: born in Estre-
madura, about 1500; served with
distinction under Pizarro in Peru
and acquired great wealth; re-
turned to Spain in 1536; soon after
he was appointed governor of Cuba
and Florida; he conducted an expe-
dition from Spain to Florida in
IS39> discovered the Mississippi
River, and died in Louisiana in
1542
His expedition to Florida, 22,
447; explorations of, 23, 42; death
of, 43
Sotomayor, General (late 19th cen-
tury), Chilian commander: wins the
battle of Calama, 21, 234
Soubise, Benjamin de Rohan, Seig-
neur de (1585-1642), French noble-
man: revolt of, 9,, 183
Soubise, Charles de Rohan, Prince
(1715-1787), French general: in the
Seven Years' War, 9, 245, 18, 336,
342
Souham, Joseph (1760-1837), French
general: his campaign against the
allied forces, 9, 289
Soule, Pierre (1802-1870), American
jurist: minister to Spain, 24, 625;
Ostend Manifesto, 628; resigns as
minister, 629; demands indemnity
for Black Warrior Affair, 643
Soult, Nicholas Jean de Dieu, Duke
of Dalmatia (1769-1851), French
general, called the Old Fox: made
marshal of the empire, 9, 322; at
battle of Corunna, 8, 529; his cam-
paigns in Spain, 9, 334; made min-
GENERAL INDEX
657
ister of war, 359; made minister of
war in Perier's cabinet, 399; first
ministry of, 402; second ministry of,
417; third ministry of, 420
Sousa, Alfonso de (1500-1564),
Portuguese explorer: viceroy of the
Indies, 8, 435
South, The, a geographical, political
and social division of the United
States: opposes government aid in
internal improvements, 23, 442; ef-
fect of cotton gin on conditions in,
450; attitude towards the question
of a prohibitive tariff, 457, 472;
comparison of present population
with that of the time of Jackson,
479; attitude toward Carolina and
nullification, 495; military govern-
ments withdrawn from, 24, 870; po-
litical disabilities removed, 873; re-
claimed from carpet-bag rule, 873;
becomes Democratic " solid South,"
932; regard for McKinley, 1049;
see also Confederacy, The
South, The Demon of the: see Philip
II, Ring of Spain
South, The Empire State of the: see
Georgia
South Africa: history of, 20, 218;
South African Republic founded,
226; South African wars, II, 640,
20, 22
South Africa Company, British: see
British South Africa Company
South African Wars: first (1880-
1881), 20, 229; second (1899-1902),
II, 640, 20, 232
South America: discovery of, 21, 3,
23, 33; conquest of, 21, 14; col-
onization of, 36; independence
of, 21, 54, 23, 445, 24, 1021;
Holy Alliance interferes with, 23,
446; the United States of Colom-
bia (1824-1876), 21, 77; the United
States of Venezuela (1829-1876),
94; the Republic of Ecuador (1831-
1876), 105; the Argentine Republic
(1820-1876), 118; the Republic of
Uruguay (1828-1876), 137; the Re-
public of Paraguay (1811-1876),
146; the Empire of Brazil (1808-
1876), 162; Bolivar and Bolivia
(1825-1876), 181; Peru (1825-1876),
192; Chili (1825-1876), 215; the
Andine States and Venezuela
(1876-1906), 233; Brazil (1876-
1906), 248; the states of the La Plata
(1876-1906), 256; boundary disputes
(1890-1906), 261; conclusion, 266;
the future, 328; condition of black
race in republics of, 23, 469
South Australia: organized (1829),
20, 190; ratifies the new Constitu-
tion (1899), 206
South Carolina, a state of the United
States, called the Palmetto State:
settlement of Port Royal, 23, 47;
colony planted in, 74; united with
North Carolina, 74; made a royal
province, 75; first permanent set-
tlement, 75; Scotch-Irish settle in,
127; slave code, 129; the cultivation
of rice, 137; the cultivation of in-
digo, 137; colonial newspapers,
144; colonial suffrage laws, 148;
Church of England established,
149; sends supplies to Boston, 222;
refuses to surrender power of reg-
ulating commerce, 311; fails to pay
her share of national government
expenses (1781), 313; chooses dele-
gates for constitutional convention,
323; ratifies the Constitution, 336;
favors financial plans of Hamilton,
350; denounces protective tariff,
458, 472, 493; ordinance of nullifica-
tion passed, 493; test oath for pub-
lic office, 494; not represented in
second Democratic national con-
vention, 509; delegates oppose
slavery cause in Declaration of In-
dependence, 24, 563; abolition lit-
erature taken from the mails at
Charleston, 576; opposition to com-
promise measures (1850), 610, 617;
delegates withdraw from Demo-
cratic convention (i860), 679; se-
cession, 684; Confederates seize
Forts Pinckney, Moultrie, and Sum-
ter, 691; appoints commissioners to
negotiate for delivery of govern-
ment property to State authorities,
703; indignation over Major Ander-
son's occupation of Fort Sumter,
703; takes possession of Fort Moul-
trie, 704; legislature approves ac-
658
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
tion of troops who fired on the
"Star of the West," 705; Sherman's
march through, 806; loss of mili-
tary population, 824; efforts to-
wards Reconstruction in, 864; ne-
groes enfranchised in, 873; Presi-
dential election of 1876 in, 910; col-
lapse of the " negro carpet bag "
governments, 915
South Carolina Exposition, name
given to Calhoun's statement of
nullification, 23, 491
South Church, Old: see Old South
Meeting House
South Dakota, a State of the United
States: part of Northwest Terri-
tory, 23, 631; admitted to the
Union, 24, 985; Presidential elec-
tion of 1892, 993; Presidential elec-
tion of 1900, 1040
South Mountain, Battle of: see
Boonsboro, Battle of
South Sea: see Pacific Ocean
South Sea Company, a company
formed in England to trade with
Spanish America, II, 473, 20, 103
South Sea Company of Sweden, a
company formed by Gustavus
Adolphus (1624): founds settle-
ments in Delaware, 23, 108; aban-
dons settlements on Delaware, 103
Southampton, England: burned by the
French (1340), 11, 160
Southampton County, Virginia: slave
uprising, 24, 575
Southern Gentlemen: see Gentlemen,
Southern
Southern Pacific Railroad: Gadsden
Treaty, 24, 641
Southland, New Zealand: formed, 20
213
Southwark, England: burned by Wil-
liam the Conqueror, 11, 67
Southwold: see Solebay
Souza-Holstein, Pedro de: see Pal-
mella, Duke of
Soyeshima Taneomi (19th century),
Japanese councilor: counsels war
with Korea, 7, 178
Sozopetra, Asia Minor: siege of (ca.
840 A. D.), 1, 357
Spafield's Riot, a disturbance in Lon-
don (1816), 11, 570
Spain, kingdom of Europe: early his-
tory of, 8, 3; in relation to yEgean
civilization, 2, 22; the Romans in
Spain, 3, 127, 136, 8, 16; political
and religious state under the Ro-
mans, 3, 161, 8, 28; submits to Sul-
lan officers, 3, 228; receives the
Latin rights, 4, 81; overrun by bar-
barians, 139; history of the Goths,
8, 35; Goths found kingdom in, 4,
145; condition of the people under
the Goths, 8, 53; Arabs conquer, 1,
314, 14, 4; dominion of the Arabs,
1, 320, 8, 63; the Asturias, Leon
and Castile, 8, 129; Counts of Bar-
celonia, 218; kingdom of Navarre,
194; dominion of the Africans, 85;
kingdom of Aragon, 230; kingdom
of Granada, 104; struggle of Chris-
tians and Moors in, 14, 33; expulsion
of Jews (1492), 1, 418; the house of
Austria, 339; union of kingdoms of,
14, 143; discoveries and conquests,
144; the house of Bourbon, 8, 386;
general condition of the monarchy,
421; events of the critical era to
the close of the first Carlist War,
479; Pinckney's treaty with, 23,
364; cedes Louisiana to France,
395; invasion of, 10, 474; boundary
dispute with the United States, 23,
443; cedes Florida, 444; last years
of Maria Christina and the era of
Queen Isabella II, 8, 499; leads
movement to restore Pius IX to
the Pontifical throne, 4, 367; in
joint intervention against Mexico,
24, 876; the brief reign of Amadeus,
and the Bourbon restoration, 8,
510; Cuban insurrection (1868), 24,
887; concludes treaty with Japan,
7, 189; decline of her power in the
Western Hemisphere, 24, 1021; ar-
bitration treaty with United States,
1076; present African possessions
of, 19, 247
Spalato (Spalatro) Dalmatia: made
metropolis of Croatia, 17, 22
Spalato, Council of, a council held to
combat the Slav liturgy, 17, 38
Spandau, Prussia: occupied by Gus-
tavus Adolphus (1632), 18, 279;
surrender of (1806), 372
GENERAL INDEX
659
Spanden, Prussia: battle of (1807),
9, 33 1
Spanish-American Colonies: extent
23, 43; government, 43; education,
45; commerce and trade, 45
Spanish-American War, a war waged
between Spain and the United
States in 1898: causes, 8, 519, 20,
328, 22, 458, 24, 1022; Congress au-
thorizes President to interfere in
Cuba, 24, 1025; first shot fired, 22,
458, 24, 1026; President calls for
troops, 24, 1026; battle of Manila
Bay (1898), 8, 520, 22, 458, 24, 1028;
surrender of Santiago de Cuba, 20,
329, 22, 460, 24, 1030; conquest of
Porto Rico, 24, 1030; protocol
signed, 20, 329, 22, 462, 24, 1031;
treaty of peace signed, 8, 520, 24,
1032
Spanish Armada: see Armada, Span-
ish
Spanish Blanks, The, blank papers,
signed by English nobles, seized on
the person of George Kerr as he
was leaving the coast of Scotland
(1592), 12, 327
Spanish Era, began 38 B. C, 8, 24
Spanish Fury, The, a name given to
the sack of Antwerp by Spanish
troops (1576), 13, 122
Spanish Main, Three Old Ports of,
21, 318
Spanish Marriages, The (1846), 9,
425
Spanish Succession, War of: see Suc-
cession, War of the Spanish
Sparre, General (17th century),
Swedish general: at the siege of
Copenhagen, 16, 209
Sparre Erik (16th century), Swedish
statesman: the punishment of, 16,
166
Sparta, southern Greece: geography
of, 2, 16, 17; early state of, 61; dis-
cipline of, ascribed to Lycurgus,
66; supremacy of, 70; struggle with
Argos, 74; allied to Croesus, 123;
refuses to aid Ionia, 134; expels
Cleisthenes, 141; at war with Argos,
156; sends troops too late for Mara-
thon, 170; sends Leonidas to Ther-
mopylae, 186; troops of, at Plata. i a,
209; attacked by revolted Helots,
246; subdues Helots, 246; at war
with Athens, 247; makes peace,
249; support the Corinthians
against Athens, 271; resources of,
at the outbreak of the Pelopon-
nesian war, 274; supremacy of, 379;
after battle of Leuctra, 436; at-
tacked by Epaminondas, 448; con-
tinues war with Messene, 451;
makes war on Megalopolis, 453;
aids the Phocians, 462; attacked
by troops of Philip, 470; refuses to
submit to Philip, 479; opposes Alex-
ander, 485, 491, 506; joins Achaean
League, 516; attempts to regain su-
premacy, 517; end of monarchy in,
517; dispute with Aratus, 3, 138
Spartacus (d. 71 B. C), Thracian
gladiator: leader of Gladiators
War, 3, 261; defeated, 262
Spasski, Peter: see Photius
Spauro, Count, Bavarian statesman:
aids Pius IX to escape from Rome,
4, 365
Special legislation: evil of, shown by
Jackson, 23, 489
Speckbacher (early 19th century),
Tyrolese leader: mentioned, 17,
297
Speckled Book, an ancient Irish re-
ligious book: account of, 12, 7
"Speedwell," English vessel: carries
Pilgrims from Leyden, 23, 84
Speke (19th century), African explor-
er; arouses an interest in Africa, 19,
59
Spencer (early 17th century), English
statesman: represents England at
the Hague peace commission
(1607), 13, 186
Spencer, Charles: see Sunderland,
Earl of
Spencer, John Charles, 3rd Earl Spen-
cer, Lord Althorpe (1782-1845),
English statesman: member of
Grey's ministry, II, 586
Spener, Philipp Jakob (17th century),
German religious writer: account
of, 1 8, 308
Spenser, Edmund (1552-1599), Eng-
lish poet: sketch of, 11, 302; lives
in Ireland, 12, 93
660
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Speranski, Count Michael (1772-
1839), Russian statesman: banish-
ment of, 15, 264; draws up procla-
mation, 271
Spey, Scotland: battle of (1690), 12,
353
Speyer (Speier, Spire, Speres), Ba-
. varian town: a member of the
Union of Rhenish Cities, 18, 174;
taken by the French (1792), 356
Speyer (Spires), Diet of, a council
called by Ferdinand of Austria to
take part against the Turks (1529) :
account of, 18, 246
Sphacteria (Pylos), Greece: block-
aded, 2, 303; captured, 307
Sphinx of Gizeh, The, Egypt: mate-
rial of, 1, 8
Sphitridates (4th century), Persian
satrap: mentioned, 2, 489
Sphodrias (4th century B. C.)i Spar-
tan officer: attempts to seize Ath-
ens, 2, 428
Spiaguine (d. 1902), Russian minister
of the interior: assassination bf,
15, 356
Spicheren, Germany: battle of,
(1870), 18, 421
Spinola, Ambrose (1570-1630), Italian
soldier in the service of Spain: ca-
reer of, 13, 177; his campaign in
the palatinate, 13, 203; member of
peace commission, 13, 186
Spinola, Frederick (d. 1603), Italian
scholar: career of, 13, 177
Spires, see Speyer
Spiridov, Admiral (late 18th century),
Russian naval officer: at the battle
of Tchesme, 15, 178
Spitzbergen, Arctic regions: discov-
ered, 13, 167
Splitter, The Rail: see Lincoln, Abra-
ham
Spoils System, in American politics:
introduced by Jefferson, 23, 391;
development of, 24, 937
Spooner Act, authorizing the pur-
chase of the property and fran-
chises of the Panama Company
(1901), 20, 319, 24, 1058
Sports :
DENMARK: knightly accomplish-
ments, 16, 74
ENGLAND: New Forest, n, 78;
tournaments of Edward III, 163;
" Declaration of Sports," 330
EGYPT, pictures of a hunt on walls
of a tomb, 1, 16
GERMANY: tournaments, 18, 107
GREECE: Olympian games, 2, 42
IRELAND: horse races and games,
12, 14
JAPAN: hunting and fishing, 7, 8;
outdoor, 45; encouragement of,
146
NETHERLANDS: archery, 13, 61
PERSIA: early methods of hunt-
ing, 1, 180
ROME: gladiatorial combats, 3,
61, 382
SPAIN: bull-fights, 8, 5
SWEDEN: of Charles XII, 16,
214
SWITZERLAND: shooting match-
es, 13, 429, 530
TURKEY: falconry, 14, 28;
Bayezid's hunting, 49
UNITED STATES: Indian
gams, 23, 16; disapproval of the
congress of 1774, 224
Spot Resolutions, affirming that the
first blood of the Mexican War
was shed not upon American but
upon Mexican soil: introduced by
Lincoln, 24, 666
Spottiswood, John (1565-1639), Bish-
op of Glasgow: consecrated, 12,
332
Spottswood, Alexander (1676-1740),
colonial governor of Virginia, 1710-
1722: account of, 23, 66
Spottsylvania Court House, Virginia:
battle of (1864), 24, 789
Spring Hill, Tennessee: battle of
(1864), 24, 803
Springfield, Illinois: Lincoln removes
to, 24, 666; Populist Party conven-
tion at, 1067
Spurinna (1st century B. C.) Roman
augur; attempts to warn Caesar,
4, 5
Spurs, Battle of the: see Courtray:
Battle of (1302); see also Guine-
gate: Battle of (1513)
Spytihnev I, King of Bohemia, 894-
912: reign of, 17, 62
GENERAL INDEX
661
Spytihnev II (d. 1061), Prince of
Bohemia: reign of, 17, 64
Squanto, New England Indian: in-
structs Pilgrims in agriculture, 23,
85; negotiates treaty with Massa-
soit, 85
Squatter Sovereignty, name derisively
applied to Douglas's doctrine of
" popular sovereignty " by which
the question of slavery in new
States was left to the inhabitants
without congressional interference,
24, 618, 647
Staal, Baron de (late 19th century),
Russian statesman: presides at The
Hague, 15, 35i
Stadek, Rudolf von: see Rudolf von
Stadek
Stadion, Count Franz Seraph (1806-
1853), Austrian statesman: his ad-
ministration as governor of Ga-
licia, 17, 347; his policy during the
revolution of 1848, 366; made min-
ister of internal affairs, 2>7T, be-
comes insane, 380
Stadion, Count Johann Philipp Karl
Joseph von (1763-1824), Austrian
statesman: made minister of fi-
nance, 17, 328; ministry of, 18, 375,
378
Stsdtlohn, Germany: battle of (1623),
18, 273
Stael-Holstein, Anne Louise Ger-
maine Necker, Baronne de
(Madame de Stael) (1766-1817), a
French writer: leads constitutional
party, 9, 358
Staempfli, Jacob (1820-1879), Swiss
politician: in Geneva commission,
24, 885
Staff arde, Italy: battle of (1690), 4
326, 9, 218
Stafford, Henry, Duke of Bucking-
ham: see Buckingham, Henry Staf-
ford, Duke of
Stagnelius, Erik Johan (1793-1823), a
Swedish poet: sketch of, 16, 264
Stahremberg, Count Ernest Rudiger
(1635-1701), an Austrian field-mar-
shal: in siege of Vienna (1683), 14,
248, 17, 184, 18, 303
Stair, John Dalrymple, Earl of (1619-
I 695), a Scottish lawyer and states-
man: negotiates treaty with
France, 9, 228; in the War of the
Austrian Succession, 238
Stakelberg, a contemporary Russian
general: defeated by Oku, 15, 361;
his services in the Russo-Japanese
War, 7, 310
Stalder (early 19th century), a Swiss
clergyman: sketch of, 13, 521
"Stalwarts," The, in United States
history, a faction in the Republican
party: Guiteau, a member of, 24,
935; accession to power, 935
Stambulov (Stambuloff), Stephen
(1853-1895), a Bulgarian liberal
politician: career of, 15, 333; his
anti-Russian policy, 342; a member
of the regency, 344; ministry of,
14, 495
Stamford, England: battle of (1470),
11, 216
Stamford Bridge, Yorkshire, Eng-
land: battle of (1066), 11, 66
Stamp Act, a British measure of tax-
ation imposed on the American
colonies (1765): general treatment,
11, 509, 20, 127; proposed, 23, 207;
passed (1765), 210; opposition to,
in America, 211; opposition to, in
England, 212; repealed, 214
Stampfli, Jakob (1820-1879), a Swiss
liberal politician: at the head of
the government of Berne, 13, 563
Standard, Battle of the, a victory
gained by the English over the
Scots under King David (1138), 11
93, 12, 264
Standard Oil Trust, an industrial com-
bination in the United States: char-
acter of, 24,. 971
Stangebro, Sweden: battle of (1598),
16, 170
Stanhope, James, Earl Stanhope
(1673-1721), an English general and
politician: becomes head of the gov-
ernment, 11, 472; death of, 474
Stanislaus (I) Leczinski (1677-1766),
King of Poland, 1704-1709: acces-
sion of, 15, 46, 16, 217, 18, 317; ca-
reer of, 18, 317, 323; reign of, 15,
381; his relations with Mazeppa, 47,
50; deposed, 55; retires to Deux
Ponts, 62; reelected to the throne,
662
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
118; receives Lorraine, 120; death
of, 119
Stanislaus (II) Augustus (Poniatow-
ski) (1732-1798), King of Poland,
1764-1795: accession of, 14, 321, 18,
345 ; reign of, 15, 173, 382; resists
the partition of Poland, 189; resigns
the crown, 191
Stanley, Edward Geoffrey Smith, 14th
Earl of Derby (1799-1869), an Eng-
lish statesman; his Irish policy, II,
591; abolishes slavery, 592; member
of Peel ministry, 602; becomes head
of Protectionists, 606; first minis-
try of, 609; second ministry of, 621;
third ministry of, 624
Stanley, Edward Henry Smith, 15th
Earl of Derby (1826-1893), an Eng-
lish statesman: opposes settlement
of Alabama claims, 24, 882
Stanley, Henry Morton (originally
John Rowlands) (1841-1904), an Af-
rican explorer: explorations of, 19,
52; influence of his explorations, 59;
goes to the relief of Emin Pasha,
138; his faith in the Cape to Cairo
Railroad, 230
Stanley, Sir William (d. 1495), an
English soldier: death, II, 227
Stanley, William (late 16th century),
an English governor in the Nether-
lands: treachery of, 13, 152
Stans, Covenant of, a covenant among
the Swiss states (1478), 13, 412
Stanton, Edwin McMasters (1814-
1869), an American statesman and
jurist: alarm over victories of " Mer-
rimac," 24, 755; aids governor of
Indiana, 818; announces Lincoln's
death, 827; quarrel with President
Johnson, 850; prepares veto message
for Tenure of Office Act, 853; re-
signs as Secretary of War, 855; ap-
pointed justice of Supreme Court,
855; his removal causes breach be-
tween Johnson and Grant, 861
Stanwix, Fort, New York: British at-
tempt to capture, 23, 254
Stapel, Richard (late 16th century),
an English merchant: sent to Con-
stantinople, 14, 202; promotes the
English East India Company, 5, 158
Stapfer (late 18th century), a Swiss
malcontent: banished, 13, 505
Stapfer, Albrecht (late 18th century),
a Swiss educator and statesman:
service of, 13, 514
Star Chamber, Court of, in English
history, a court of civil and crim-
inal jurisdiction at Westminster, 11,
225
Star of Reformation, The Morning:
see Wy cliff e, John
Star of the North, The: see Gustavus
(II) Adolphus, King of Sweden
"Star of the West," a United States
steamship: sent to Charleston, 24,
704
" Star Route " Frauds, frauds in the
United States postal service: ac-
count of, 24, 936
"Star Spangled Banner," a patriotic
song in the United States: written,
23, 427
Star State, The Lone: see Texas
Starhemberg, Count: see Stahremberg
Stark, John, an American general of
the Revolution: born at London-
derry, New Hampshire, August 28,
1728; he served with distinction in
the war against the French in 1754,
and fought at Bunker Hill, Trenton,
and Princeton; in August, 1777, he
gained a signal victory over the
British at Bennington for which he
was made a brigadier-general and
received the thanks of Congress; he
joined the army of General Gates
in September, 1777, served in Rhode
Island in 1779, and in New Jersey
in 1780; he had the command of
the Northern Department, with his
headquarters at Saratoga, in 1781;
died at Manchester, N. H, May 8,
1822
Serves in expedition against Ti-
conderoga, 23, 189; joins troops at
Boston, 228; estimate of, 234; de-
feats British at Bennington, 253;
made brigadier-general, 253
" Starving-time " at Jamestown, an
event in early American history:
account of, 23, 60
State, Department of, a department
GENERAL INDEX
663
of the United States government:
organized, 23, 344
State Banks, banks in the United
States: government deposits in, un-
der Jackson, 23, 503
States, political divisions of the
United States: powers limited in
Constitution, 23, 33i; power of
Congress to impose conditions on
admission of, 452
States Rights, the rights of the individ-
ual states as opposed to the United
States government: in Washing-
ton's administration, 23, 367; reac-
tion in favor of, 379; agitated in
War of 1812, 432; in decisions of
Supreme Court, 440; sovereignty-
maintained by Georgia, 471; Jack-
son's sympathy with, 488
States-General, the legislative assem-
blies in France before the revolu-
tion of 1789: establishment of, 10,
41; conduct of, on the departure of
the king, 137; commissions Mont-
morin to inform the European pow-
ers of their pacific intentions, 137;
orders arrest of anyone leaving the
kingdom, 138; question of the king's
trial, 140; closed by the king, 146
Statilius, Lucius (1st century B. C), a
Roman conspirator: arrested, 3, 283
Statira, the wife of Alexander the
-Great: death of, 2, 511, 544
Statistical Survey of India: organized,
5, 250
Statutes, Charters, and Codes:
B. C.
ca. 2250. Code of Hammurabi, 1,
112
ca. 625. Lombard Code, 4, 168
621. Code of Draco, 2, 100
451. The Twelve Tables, 3, 44
A. D.
100-500. Code of Manu, 5, 49
438. Theodosian Code, 9, 23
500. Code of Yaj-Navalkya, 5, 49
511. Salic Law, 9, 23, 90
ca. 511. Loi Gombette, 9, 23
ca. 511. Code of the Ripuarian
Franks, 9, 23
529. Justinian Code, 9, 82, 18, 150
701. Taiho Code, 7, 22, 30
928. Icelandic Code, 16, 47
Statutes, Charters, and Codes, cont. :
1166. Assize of Clarendon, II, 118
1181. Assize of Arms, II, 108
1212. Municipal code of the towns
of Enns, 17, 95
1215. Magna Carta, 9, 77, II, 127,
130, 149
1221. Code granted to Vienna, 17,
96
1222. Golden Bull, 17, 56, 116
1241. Jutish code, 16, 89
1258. Provisions of Oxford, II, 138
1271. Norse Code, 16, 299
1278. Charter given to Nicholas
III, 4, 220
1279. Statute De Religiosis (Stat-
ute of Mortmain), n, 145, 183
1290. Statute Quia Emptores, n,
145
1295. Swedish code of laws, 16,
106
1319. Charter of Denmark, 16,
113
1349. Statute of Labours, II, 163
1351. Statute of Provisors, 11, 168,
183
1352. Statute of Treasons, 11, 164
J 3S3- Statute of Praemunire, n,
169, 183
1364. Statute of Kilkenny, 12, 64,
74
1370. " Priests' Charter," 13, 387
1390. Statute prohibiting mainte-
nance, 11, 183
1 397- Calmar Act of Union, 16,
122, 132
1401. Statute Dehaeretico Combur-
endo, 11, 192
1416. " Statuta Subandiaen," 4, 277
1424. Beginning of statute law, 12,
293
1436. Compactata, 17, 144, 146
1453. Charter granted to the
Greeks of Constantinople, 14, 81
1465. Acts passed by Irish Parlia-
ment, 12, 71
1489. Charters of Waldmann, 13,
467
1494. Poyning's Law, 11, 227, 12,
74
ca. 1520. Kanuni Raya, 14, 186
IS3I- " Charter of Kappel," 13, 445
1532. Act of Annates, 11, 250
664
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Statutes, Charters, and Codes, cont.:
1533. Act of Appeals, 11, 250
1534. Act concerning condition of
the clergy, II, 252
1534. Act concerning Peter's pence,
II, 252
1534. Act of Succession, II, 254
1534. Act of Supremacy, II, 254
1534. Act of Treasons, 11, 254
1534. Second Act of Annates,
11, 252
1536. Act of Succession, 11, 256
1539- Statute of Six Articles, 11,
259
1539. Acts of Henry VIII, 11, 260
1544. Act of Succession, 11, 262
1547. Act concerning Chantries, 11,
266
1551. Acts of Parliament to An-
glicize the Irish, 12, 85
1554. Statutes against heretics, 11,
271
1559. Act of Supremacy, 11, 275,
12, 86, 108
T 559- Act of Uniformity, II, 275,
12, 86, 108, 130
1579- " Union of Utrecht," 13, 133
1581. Recusancy laws, 11, 292
1585. Act of Banishment, 11, 293
!593- Act against Separatists, 11,
301
1600. Charter of East India Com-
pany, 5, 158, 11, 501
1606. Charter for the London
and the Plymouth Companies, 23,
56
1618. " Great Charter or Commis-
sions of Privileges, Orders, and
Laws," 23, 61
1621. Dutch West India Company
Charter, 23, 102
1628. Petition of Right, 11, 324
1629. Charter for Massachusetts
Bay Colony, 23, 87
1629. Code of French law, 9, 185
1640. Triennial Act, 11, 337, 385
1641. Acts stripping crown of ex-
traordinary powers, 11, 339
1641. " Body of Liberties," 23, 89
1643. Charters of Rhode Island, 23,
94
1648. Act of Classes, 12, 341
1649. Code of Laws, 15, 71
1649. Toleration Act, 12, 372, 23,
71
1649. Ulozhenie, 15, 181
1651-1696. Act of Navigation, 11,
364, 609, 12, 344, 20, 22, 70, 78,
128, 163, 23, 66, 67, 72, 99, 104,
202, 204, 205
1653. Reform Bill, II, 365
1659. Act Rescissory, 12, 344
1660. Act of Indemnity, 11, 381
1661. Corporation Act, 11, 382, 583
1661. Act of Settlement, 11, 390
1662. Act of Indemnity, 12, 345
1662. Act of Uniformity, 11, 382
1663. Charter of Rhode Island, 23,
94
1663. 1665. Charters of the Caro-
linas, 23, 73
1663-1699. Acts against Irish com-
merce, 12, 165, 167
1664. Conventicle Act, 11, 385
1665. Five Mile Act, 11, 387
1670. Conventicle Act, 11, 394
1673, Act prohibiting colonial ex-
portation, 23, 203
1673. Test Act, 11, 399, 423, 4/2,
583, 12, 181
1679. Habeas Corpus Act, 11, 407
571, 12, 206
1680. Cohabitation Act, 23, 155
1685. Code Noir, 20, 75
1689. Toleration Act, 11, 435
1689. Act of Settlement repealed,
12, 135
1689. Mutiny Act, II, 435, 12, 185
1690. Act of Grace, 11, 438
1694. Triennial Act, 11, 442
1695. Penal Code, 12, 158
1701. Act of Settlement, 11, 448
1703. Act of Security, 11, 457, 12,
356
1704. Act against dissenters, South
Carolina, 23, 78
1711. Occasional Conformity Bill,
11, 463, 472
1713. Pragmatic Sanction, 17, 191,
215, 253, 18, 319
1714. Schism Act, II, 466, 472, 12,
161
ca. 1716. Criminal Code of Japan,
7, 145
GENERAL INDEX
665
Statutes, Charters, and Codes, cont.:
1716. Septennial Act, 11, 470
1719. " The Sixth of George I,"
12, 171
1720. Swedish charter, 16, 243
1731. Swedish East India Com-
pany; 5, 175
1733. British Sugar Act, 23, 135,
203
1765. Stamp Act, ix, 208, 210, 509
1766. Code of Catherine the Great,
15, 181
1766. Declaratory Act, II, 509, 23,
214
1767. Act imposing import duties
on America, II, 510
1767. Octennial Bill, 12, 177
1767. Townshend Acts, 23, 215
ca. 1768. Pacta Conventa, 15, 382
1773- Regulating Act, 11, 526
1774. Boston Port Act, 23, 220
1774- Quartering Act, 23, 221
1774- Quebec Act, 20, 151, 23, 221
1774. Regulating Act, 23, 220, 226
1774. Transportation Act, 23, 221
1775- Charter to Russian nobles,
15, 181
1781 and 1783. East India Com-
pany, charter renewed, 5, 239
1782. Economical Reform Bill, 11,
522
1782. Act of Repeal, 12, 188
1782. Acts for the relief of Cath-
olics in Ireland, 12, 187
1783. Act of Renunciation, 12, 189
1789. Tariff Act, 23, 347
1789. Judiciary Act, 23, 389
I 793- Act against foreigners, II,
542
!793- Convention Act, 12, 201
!793- Fugitive Slave Law, 24, 567
J 793- Gunpowder Act, 12, 201
1793. Law of Maximum, 9, 286, 10,
426
1793- Treasonable Correspondence
Act, 11, 542
1795. Military code of France, 10,
342
1796. Insurrection Act, 12, 207
1798. Naturalization Act, 23, 376,
392
1798. Alien and Sedition Acts, 23,
377, 379
1800. Act of Union, II, 550, 12,225
1801. Act of Union, 12, 217
1801. Civil code of France, 9, 319
1803. Act of Mediation, 9, 320, 13,
519
1803. Penal code of Austria-Hun-
gary, 17, 303
1804. Code of Napoleon, 11, 555,
13, 271
1807. Embargo Act, 23, 410
1809. Of Alexander I, 15, 217
1809. Non-Intercourse Act, 23, 411
1809. Swedish charter, 16, 252
181 1. Civil code of Austria-Hun-
gary, 17, 303
181 1. Code-Henri, 22, 495
1813. East India Company's char-
ter renewed, 5, 239
1814. Constitutional Charter of
France, 9, 356
1815. Act of Union, 16, 261, 281
1815. Additional Act, 9, 361, 368
1815. Corn Law, 11, 600
1816. Act of Independence of the
United Provinces of Rio de la
Plata, 21, 70
1816. National Bank Act, 23, 439
1816. Tariff Act, 23, 437
1817. Electoral Law, 9, 369
1820. Electoral Law, 9, 374, 398,
459
1821. Plan of Iguala, 22, 252
1824. Tariff Act, 23, 456
1825. Acts for giving freedom to
labor, 11, 576
1826. Charter of Portugal, 8, 535,
539
1826. Code Rural, 22, 497
1828. Tariff Act, 23, 473
1829. Emancipation Act, 12, 158,
222
1830. Charter of France, 9, 395,
408
1832. British Reform Act, 11, 589,
12, 377
1832. Tariff Act, 23, 493
1833. Force Act, 23, 496
1834. Poor Law, II, 592
1835. Laws of September, 9, 408
1835. Municipal Corporations Bill,
11, 595
1837. Civil code of Ecuador, 21,
108
666
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Statutes, Charters, and Codes, cont.:
1837. Penal code of Ecuador, 21,
108
1838. Poor Law for Ireland, 11,
596
1838. Tithe Act, 11, 596
1840. Act of Union, 20, 157
1841. Independent Treasury Act,
23, 514
1842-1847. Acts for bettered labor
conditions for women and chil-
dren, 11, 603
1843. Arms Act, II, 604
1846. Tariff Act, 24, 554
1848. Coercion Act, 11, 607
1848. Encumbered Estates Act, 11,
607
1849. Indemnity Law, 20, 159
1850. Australian Government Act,
20, 198
1850. Fugitive Slave Law, 24, 602,
610, 614, 672
1852. Australian Colonies Act, 20,
194
1853. East Indian Company, char-
ter renewed, 5, 240
1854. Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 24,
629, 630
1858. Great Charter, India, 5, 242
1859. Bengal Tenancy Act, 5, 244
i860. Penal Code, 5, 244
1861. Codes of Civil and Criminal
Procedure, 5, 244
1861, 1862. Confiscation Acts, 24,
739, 766
1861. Indian Councils Act, 5, 240
1861. Indian Civil Service Act, 5,
241
1861. Indian High Courts Act, 5,
241
1862. Legal Tender Act, 24, 819
1863. National Bank Law, 24, 820
1864. Law of the Vilayets, 14, 472
1866. Civil Rights Act, 24, 844
1866. Freedman's Bureau Act, 24,
844
1867. British North American Act,
20, 167, 174
1867. Reconstruction Acts, 24, 846
1867. Tenure of Office Act, 24,
850, 863, 951
1868. Oudh Tenancy Act, 5, 245
1868. Civil code of Uruguay, 21,
145
1868. The Second Reform Act of
Great Britain, 11, 624
1870. Education Act, 11, 626
1870. Enforcement Act, 24, 870,
873
1870. Irish Land Act, 11, 625
1870. Ku-Klux Acts, 24, 870, 873
1870. Tariff Act, 24, 939
1871. Civil Service Act, 24, 938
1871. Rivet- Vitet Law, 9, 475
1872. Ballot Act, 11, 627
1872. Indian Evidence Act, 5, 251
1872. Tariff Act, 24, 939
1873. Demonetization Act, 24, 899,
922
1874. " May Laws," 17, 412
1875. Resumption Act, 24, 899
1876. Royal Titles Act, 5, 255
1877. Electoral Commission Act,
24, 912
1877. Factory Act, 13, 570
1877. German criminal code, 18,
434
1878. Bland-Allison Act, 5, 384, 24,
922
1878. Vernacular Press Act, 5, 256
1880. Deccan Agricultural Relief
Act, 5, 256
1881. Land Act, 11, 633, 636
1882. Edmunds Act, 24, 983
1883. Pendleton Civil Service Act,
24, 938, 95i
1883. Tariff Act, 24, 939
1884. Reform Act, 11, 635
1885. Bengal Tenancy Act, 5, 244
1885. Bengal and Oudh Rent Acts,
5, 260
1886. Crimes Act, 1 1, 636
1886. "Home Rule" Bill, 11, '636
1886. Monopoly Act, 13, 579
1886. Presidential Succession Act,
24, 953
1887. Act concerning importation,
13, 579
1887. Edmunds-Tucker Act, 24,
983
1887. United States Electoral
Count Law, 24, 954
1887. Interstate Commerce Act,
24, 956
GENERAL INDEX
667
Statutes, Charters, and Codes, cont:
1888. Act prohibiting immigration
of Chinese laborers, 24, 957
1889. Charter of British South Af-
rica Company, 19, 224
1890. Anti-lottery laws, 24, 973
1890. " Original package " law, 24,
972
1890-1891. Statutes of reorganiza-
tion in Japan, 7, 185
1890. Mckinley Tariff Law, 24,
968
1890. Sherman Anti-Trust Act, 24,
971
1890. Sherman Silver Purchase
Act, 5, 384, 24, 974, 994
1892. Indian Councils Act, 5, 271
1893. Coinage Act, 5, 384
1893. Slaughter Act, 13, 587
1894. Finance Act, II, 637
1894. Wilson Tariff Law, 24, 995
1895. Accounting law, 13, 576
1896. Irish Land Act, 11, 637
1897. Agricultural Employers' and
Workmen's Act, 17, 452
1897. German Commercial Code,
18, 434
1898. Federal Bankruptcy Act, 24,
1020
1900. Australian Constitution Act,
20, 207
1900. Foraker Act, 24, 1040
1900. German civil code, 18, 434
1902. Philippines Civil Government
Act, 20, 319
1902. Spooner Act, 24, 1058
1903. Elkins Law, 24, 1052
1904. Universities Act, 5, 291
1905. Police Reform Act, 5, 292
1906. National Pure Food Law,
24, 1082
1906. National Quarantine Law,
24, 1082
1906. Railway Rate Bill, 24, 1082
1906. National Meat Inspection
Law, 24, 1083
Stavuchani, Russia: battle of (1739),
15, 124
Stcherbatov (18th century), a Rus-
sian general: in the Pugatchev in-
surrection, 15, 169
Steady Habits, Land of: see Connecti-
cut
Steamboat: invention of, 23, 401; on
western waterways, 479
Stearns, George P. (19th century), an
American merchant: John Brown
aided by, 24, 673
Stedinger, a Teutonic people dwelling
along the lower Weser: extermina-
tion of, 18, 162
Steele's Bayou, Mississippi: in Vicks-
burg campaign, 24, 776
Steen, Johannes Wilhelm Christian
(1827 ), a Norwegian states-
man: government of, 16, 285
Steenkirk (Enghien), Belgium: battle
of (1692), 9, 218, 11, 440, 13, 245
Steibrsky, Jaboubek: see Stribro, Ja-
koubek de
Steiger, Von (late 18th century), a
Swiss politician: leads peace party
in Berne, 13, 511
Stein, Heinrich Friedrich Karl, Baron
von (1757-1831), a Prussian states-
man: forms alliance with Russia, 18,
373; reforms of, 374, 381
Steinkirk: see Steenkirk
Steinmetz, Karl Fredrich von (1796-
1877), a Prussian military officer:
in the Franco-Prussian War, 9,
463
Stellaland, an ephemeral Boer repub-
lic founded in 1882: founded, 19,
214
Stenay, France: battle of (1870), 9,
464
Stenbock (17th century), a Swedish
general: at the siege of Copenha-
gen, 16, 209
Stenbock, Count Magnus von (1664-
1717), a Swedish general: campaign
of, 15, 56; defeats the Danes, 16,
221; seeks shelter in Holstein, 15,
80
Stenkil, King of Sweden, 1056-1066;
reign of, 16, 101
Stephanie (19th century), Princess of
Hohenzollern: marries Pedro V of
Portugal (1857), 8, 538
Stephanus (1st century A. D.), a Ro-
man steward: assassinates Domi-
tian, 4, 85
Stephen II, Pope, 752-757: makes
treaty with Astolphus, 4, 172; asks
aid from Pippin I, 9, 40, 18, 76
668
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Stephen IV, Pope, 816-817: visits
Lewis the Pious, 18, 90
Stephen II (d. 1090), King of Dal-
matia and Croatia: reign of, 17,
39; death of, 51
Stephen I (1105-1154), King of Eng-
land, 1135-1154: his struggle for the
crown, 9, 72; accession, 11, 93; reign
of, 93; struggle with David of Scot-
land, 11, 93, 12, 263; civil war of
the barons, 94; quarrels with the
clergy, 94; captured by Matilda, 95;
death, 96
Stephen (I), Saint, King of Hungary,
997-1038: baptism of, 17, 46; reign
of, 47; his war with Albert of Aus-
tria, 18, 126
Stephen II, King of Hungary, 1114-
1131, called The Lightning or The
Thunderbolt: reign of, 17, 53
Stephen III, King of Hungary, 1161-
1173: reign of, 17, 54
Stephen IV (d. 1164), King of Hun-
gary: made King of Styria, 17, 59
Stephen V (or IV), King of Hun-
gary, 1270-1272: opposes annexation
of Carinthia and Carniola to Bo-
hemia, 17, 74
Stephen (I) Dusan, Czar of Servia,
1336-1355: account of, 14, 32
Stephen (1817-1867), Archduke of
Austria: at the head of the Bohe-
mian government, 17, 350; made
palatine, 354! resigns as palatine,
370
Stephen, General (late 18th century),
an American general: at battle of
Germantown, 23, 260
Stephen, The Realm cf St.: see Hun-
gary
Stephen Bathory: see Bathory, Ste-
phen
Stephen Laserovic, King of Servia
(late 14th century), yields as vassal
to Turkey, 14, 37; in battle of Ni-
copolis, 42; at battle of Angora, 50;
does homage to the King of Hun-
gary, 17, 156; death of, 14, 60
Stephens, Alexander Hamilton (1812-
1883), an American statesman: fa-
thers Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 24, 637;
opposes secession of Georgia, 688;
Vice-President of Confederacy, 692;
earlier career, 693; concludes con-
vention with Virginia, 718; in
Hampton Roads Conference, 809
Stephens, James (1824-1901), an Irish
agitator: founds Fenian Brother-
hood, 12, 234
Stephens, Thomas (16th century), an
English traveler: visits India (1579),
5, 156
Stephenson, George, an English engi-
neer and inventor: born at Wylam
in Northumberland, England, June
9, 1781; at the age of fourteen he
became an assistant fireman in a
colliery; learned to read and write
at a night school; promoted to
brakesman, married Fanny Hender-
son about 1802; exercised his me-
chanical skill in mending clocks,
studied mechanics and acquired a
knowledge of steam-engines; in 1812
he became chief engineer of Kil-
lingworth Colliery; his first locomo-
tive engine was completed in July,
1814, and drew eight loaded cars
four miles an hour; he made an-
other with important improvements,
and applied the steam blast-pipe, in
1815, and soon after improved the
construction of the railway; in 1822
he was employed to construct a rail-
way from Stockton to Darlington,
which was opened in 1825 and was
the first railway made for public
use; about 1824 Mr. Stephenson and
Edward Pease, of Darlington, es-
tablished a manufactory of locomo-
tives at Newcastle; he was chief
engineer of the Liverpool and Man-
chester Railway, finished in 1830;
a prize of 500 pounds for the best
locomotive was awarded to the
"Rocket," made by Stephenson and
his son Robert, 1830; this engine is
said to have run 30 miles an hour;
he was employed as engineer of
the Grand Junction Railway, of that
which connects London with Bir-
mingham and of others; his latter
years were spent in the superin-
tendence of extensive coal mines
GENERAL INDEX
669
which he owned; died at Tapton,
August 12, 1848
Invents a locomotive, 11, 590
Sterling, General (late 18th century),
an American Revolutionary soldier:
taken prisoner by English, 23, 243
Sternberg, Adam of (early 17th cen-
tury), an Austrian official: accused
of inciting the Emperor Mathias
against the Protestants, 17, 201
Stettin, Prussia: occupied by Gustavus
Adolphus, 18, 279; taken by the
Great Elector, 301; acquired by
Prussia, 15, 64
Stettin, Peace of, a peace recognizing
the dissolution of the union of Den-
mark and Sweden (1570), 16, 166
Stettler, Michael (17th century), a
Swiss chronicler: sketch of, 13, 482
Steuben, Baron Friedrich Wilhelm
August Heinrich Ferdinand von
(1730-1794), a Prussian-American
general: drills American soldiers,
23, 262; his services to America,
269; in centennial of Cornwallis's
surrender, 24, 940
Stevens, John L., United States min-
ister to Hawaii, 1893: recognizes
the provisional government of Ha-
waii, 24, 998
Stevens, Thaddeus (1793-1868), an
American statesman: aids cause of
negro abduction, 24, 617; opposes
Lincoln, 799; opposed to Lincoln's
reconstruction plans, 836
Stevenson, Adlai Ewing (1835 ),
an American lawyer and politician:
nominated for Vice-President,
(1892), 24, 989; (1900), 1038
Stewart, Alexander Turney (1803-
1876), an American merchant and
capitalist: chosen by Grant for Cab-
inet, 24, 861; declared ineligible, 861
Stewart, Sir Donald Martin (1824-
), an English soldier: his cam-
paigns against the Afghans, 5, 257;
made commander-in-chief of Indian
forces, 261
Stewart, James (late 19th century), a
British engineer: constructs a rail-
road in Africa, 19, 83; establishes
industrial school in Africa, 205
Stewart, Robert, 2nd Marquis of Lon-
donderry (also known as Viscount
Castlereagh) (1769-1822), a British
statesman: aids Pitt to secure union
of Ireland and Great Britain, IX,
550; member of Portland ministry,
559; at the Congress of Vienna, 15,
262; his interview with Metternich,
*7> 325; quoted on Jefferson's Em-
bargo Act, 23, 411; death of, II,
573
Steyer, Armistice of, a truce between
the French and the Austrians
(1800), 10, 442
Sthenelaidas (5th century B. C.)
Spartan ephor: opposes the Athe-
nian supremacy, 2, 270
Stig, Marshal (d. 1293), Danish rebel:
death of, 16, no
Stigand (d. 1072), Archbishop of Can-
terbury: made archbishop, II, 63
Stilicho, Flavius (d. 408 A. D.), Ro-
man general and statesman: career
of, 4, 137, 18, 35; death, 139
Stirling, royal burgh of Scotland: bat-
tles of (1297), 11, 150, 12, 275;
(1314), 12, 279; (1746), 367
Stirling, Earl of: see Alexander, Wil-
liam
Stirum, Count (early 19th century),
leader of the Dutch: leads patriotic
movement, 13, 272
Stith, William, Virginia colonial cler-
gyman: historical writings of, 23,
143
Stockach, Germany: battle of (1799),
9, 308, 10, 403
Stockholm, Sweden: foundation of, 16,
104; battle of (1518), 140; the blood
bath of (1520), 149; taken by Gus-
tavus Vasa, 154; revolutionary up-
risings in (1848), 277
Stockholm, Treaties of:
1719. A treaty between Sweden
and Hanover, 18, 318
1720. A treaty between Sweden
and Prussia, 18, 318
Stockings, The Little Man in Red: see
Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
Stock-raising: in the colonies, 23, 134
Stockton, Robert Field (1 795-1866),
American naval officer and politi-
cian: in the Mexican War, 22, 289,
34, 548
670
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Stockton and Darlington Railways,
England: opened, II, 590
Stoeckel Baron (19th century), Rus-
sian diplomatist: in Alaska purchase,
24, 877
Stoerkodder, King of Denmark: leg-
end of, 16, 18
Stoessel, General (1848 ), Russian
military officer: surrenders Port
Arthur, 7, 312
Stofflet, Nicholas (1751-1796), Ven-
dean general: leads insurrection in
the Vendee, 9, 283; death of, 297
Stoglav or Book of the Hundred Chap-
ters, a book published by the Rus-
sian council of 1551, 15, 115
Stoke, England: battle of (1487). "
225
Stokes, Whitley (1830 ), British
author: sketch of, 5, 262
Stolbova, Peace of, treaty concluded
between Russia and Sweden (1617),
16, 177
Stolypin, Count, Russian statesman:
becomes premier (1906), 15, 366
Stone, William (ca. 1603-1695), Eng-
lish colonial governor: imprisoned
by Puritans, 23, 72
Stone Age, early period in civiliza-
tion of mankind: relics of, in Aus-
tria-Hungary, 17, 10; in America,
23, 6
Stone of Destiny or Stone of Scone,
part of coronation chair of Scotch
kings: carried to England, II, 148,
12, 274
Stone River, Tennessee: winter quar-
ters of Bragg at Murfreesborough
on, 24, 774
Stongarde, Netherlands: battle of
(1013), 13, 23
Stopford, Admiral (19th century),
English naval commander: in
Turko-Egyptian war, 14, 437
Storms, Cape of: see Cape of Good
Hope
Story, Joseph (1779-1845), American
jurist: describes Jackson's inaugu-
ration, 23, 481
Stoss, The, a mountainspur of Switz-
erland: battle of (140S), 13, 390
Stoutenburg, William van (17th cen-
tury), Dutch conspirator: plots
against life of Maurice of Nassau,
13, 205
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, American
authoress: born at Litchfield, Con-
necticut, June 14, 181 1 ; when but
four years old her mother died; at
the age of thirteen she became a
pupil of her sister Catherine, then
principal of the Female Seminary
at Hartford, remaining there sev-
eral years; accompanied her father
to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he was
elected president of Lane Seminary
in 1832; in 1836 she was married to
Prof. Calvin E. Stowe; a sketch en-
titled " Uncle Tim," written in 1834,
and afterward published in " The
Mayflower " first attracted public
attention to her as a writer of rare
promise; in 1850 she accompanied
her husband who had been appoint-
ed to a professorship in Bowdoin
College to Brunswick, Maine; while
here she wrote " Uncle Tom's
Cabin"; in 1853 visited England and
the European continent; in 1864 re-
moved to Hartford, Connecticut,
where she died, July 1, 1896
Aids cause of negro abduction,
24, 617; publishes "Uncle Tom's
Cabin," 638
Stow-on-the-Wold, England: battle of
(1646), II, 3SS
Strabo (40 B. C.-60 A. D.), Greek ge-
ographer: quoted, 2, 15; his ridicule
of Pytheas, 16, 4; believes the earth
to be a sphere, 23, 23
Strabo (d. 87 B. C), Roman com-
mander: assumes command of
troops in Rome, 3, 222; death, 223
Strachan, Sir Richard (19th century),
English admiral: commands fleet
sent against Napoleon, 11, 563
Strachey, John (1825 ), British
statesman: acting governor-general
of India, 5, 253
Strachey, Richard (1817 ), British
officer: sketch of, 5, 246; president
of the famine commission, 255
Straeten, Van (d. 1568), burgomaster
of Antwerp: arrest of, 13, 105;
death of, 108
Strafford, Edward, Duke of Bucking-
GENERAL INDEX
671
ham: see Buckingham, Edward
Strafford, Duke of
Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, Earl
of: see Wentworth, Thomas, Earl
of Strafford
Straits, The City of the: see Detroit,
Michigan
Straits of Magellan, South America:
discovered, 23, 37
Straits Settlements, Malay peninsula:
history of, 20, 251
Stralsund, Prussia: sieges of (1628),
18, 276; (1715), 15, 63, 16, 222;
(1809), 18, 376
Stralsund, Treaty of, a treaty conclud-
ed between Denmark and the Ger-
man Hanse League (1370), 16, 118
Strangi, a ruling body common in the
democratic states of Greece: in Ath-
ens, 2, 148; privileges of, 174
Strasburg (Strassburg), capital of Al-
sace-Lorraine: founded, 18, 15; bat-
tles of (357 A. D.), 9, 14; (496 A.
D.), 18, 47; a member of the Union
of Rhenish Cities, 18, 174; embraces
the Reformation, 243; submits to the
emperor, 255; taken by the French
(1681), 302; siege of (1870), 9, 464,
18, 424
Stratford, John (d. 1348), Archbishop
of Canterbury: quarrels with Ed-
ward III, 11, 162
Stratford de Redcliffe: see Canning,
Stratford
Strathclyde, an ancient kingdom of
Great Britain: formation of, II,
32
Strathnairn, Hugh Henry Rose, Ba-
ron: see Rose, Hugh Henry, Baron
Strathnairn
Stratimirovic (19th century), Servian
military officer: in the Croatian rev-
olution, 17, 369; arrest of, 420
Strauch, Colonel (19th century), Bel-
gian military officer: secretary of
the African Association (1879), 19,
65
Strauss, David (1808-1874), German
theologian and philosopher: given
chair of theology at the University
of Zurich, 13, 545
Straw, Jack (d. 1381), assumed name
of leader of the peasants of Eng-
land in the Wat Tyler rebellion:
leads peasants to London, 11, 174
Strelitz (Strelsi or Strelzi), bodyguard
instituted by Ivan the Terrible:
outbreak of the (1682), 15, 26;
(1698), 36
Strelnikov (d. 1882), Russian procur-
or-general: assassination of, 15,
341
Strelsi: see Strelitz
Stribro (Steibrsky), Jakoubek de (15th
century), Bohemian reformer:
teachings of, 17, 125; summoned
before the Council of Constance,
126
Strickland, Walter (17th century),
English statesman: his mission to
The Hague, 13, 229
Strict Constructionists, advocates of
the giving to the several states of
all the powers not expressly dele-
gated to the Federal Government
by the Constitution: account of, 23,
352
Strindberg, Dr. (late 19th century),
Swedish experimenter: attempts to
find the North Pole, 16, 327
Strode, William (1598-1644), English
divine and poet: impeached, II, 343
Strohbach (early 19th century), Hun-
garian statesman: made vice-presi-
dent of the Diet of Vienna (1849),
17, 374
Stromboli, island off the coast of Si-
cily: battle of (1676), 9, 212
Stromfeldt (early 18th century),
Swedish statesman: represents Swe-
den at Nystad, 15, 68
Strong, Caleb (1745-1819), American
politician: member of Massachu-
setts ratifying convention, 23, 336;
in first Congress, 342
Strong, William (1808-1895), Amer-
ican jurist: member of the Electoral
Commission, 24, 903 note
Strong, William L. (late 19th cen-
tury), mayor of New York City:
mentioned as advocate of reform,
24, 1069
Strongbow, Richard: see Clare, Rich-
ard de
672
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Strossmayer, Joseph Georg (1815-
), Croatian bishop: exiled, 17,
406
Strozzi, Piero (1500-1558), French
general: defends Siena, 4, 307
Struensee, Johan Frederick, Count von
(1737-1772), German statesman: ca-
reer of, 16, 241
Struve, Gustav von (1805-1870), Ger-
man political writer: leads insurrec-
tion, 18, 399
Stryker, Herman (16th century), Ger-
man reformer: sketch of, 13, 92
Stuart, Sir Charles (early 19th cen-
tury), English statesman: influences
John VI of Portugal to acknowl-
edge the independence of Brazil,
21, 167
Stuart, Charles Edward: see Pre-
tender, The Young
Stuart, Esme, Lord of Aubigny (late
16th century), French courtier: fa-
vorite of James VI of Scotland, 12,
325
Stuart, Henry, Lord Darnley: see
Darnley, Henry Stuart, Lord
Stuart, James, Earl of Arran (1713-
1788), English antiquary and archi-
tect: favorite of James VI of Scot-
land, 12, 324
Stuart, James, Earl of Mar, Earl of
Murray (Moray) (i533- T 57o), Re-
gent of Scotland, 1567-1570, called
The Good Regent: opposes the Con-
gregation, 12, 312; created Earl of
Murray, 314; regent for James VI
of Scotland, 318; death of, 321
Stuart, James Ewell Brown, an Amer-
ican general: born in Patrick Co.,
Virginia, February 6, 1833; grad-
uated at West Point in 1854; be-
came a brigadier-general of the in-
surgents in September, 1861, and
obtained command of a body of cav-
alry; in August, 1862, he surprised
General Pope's headquarters at Cat-
lett's Station and captured some of
his private papers; in October, 1862,
he conducted a daring and success-
ful raid to Chambersburg, Penn.;
commanded the cavalry at the bat-
tle of the Wilderness in May, 1864,
and was mortally wounded in a bat-
tle against General Sheridan at Yel-
low Tavern, May 12, 1864
Commands Lee's advance, 24,
764; commands rear guard, 778;
mortally wounded at battle of Yel-
low Tavern, 788
Stuart, James Francis Edward: see
Pretender, The Old
Studer, Bernhard (1 794-1 887), Swiss
savant and author: sketch of, 13,
584
Stuhlweissenburg, Council of, con-
cludes religious peace between
Hussites and Catholics in Bohemia
(1435): account of, 17, 139
Stuhm, Poland: battle of (1629), 16,
180
Stumpf, Johannes (late 16th century),
Swiss historian: sketch of, 13, 454
Stur (early 19th century), Bohemian
statesman: leads Slovaks, 17, 357
Sture, Sten (d. 1503), Swedish states-
man: proclaimed regent of Sweden,
16, 134J defeated by Hans, 138;
death of, 139
Sture, Sten, the Younger, Swedish
statesman and soldier, regent of
Sweden, 1512-1520: succeeds his
father, 16, 140; his war with the
archbishop's party, 148; death of,
141
Sture, Svante, regent of Sweden,
1503-1512: succeeds Sten Sture, 16,
140
Sturleson, Snoore: see Snoore Sturle-
son
Sturm, Jakob (16th century), Swiss
official: quoted on the Swiss Con-
federates, 13, 442
Sturt, Sir Charles (1796-1869), Eng-
lish explorer: his explorations in
Australia, 20, 187
Stiissi, Rudolf (15th century), Swiss
official: opposes Reding, 13, 398
Stuyvesant, Peter (1602-1682), last
Dutch governor of New Amster-
dam, 1645-1664: administration of,
23, 103; surrenders to the Duke of
York, 104; restricts privileges of
the Jews, I, 424
Styger, Paul (late 18th century), Swiss
monk: leads opposition to the new
constitution, 13, 513
GENERAL INDEX
673
Styria, Austrian province: united with
Hungary and Bohemia, 17, 4; Ger-
man element in, 6; Taurisci settle
in, n; under control of Hungary,
59; conquered by the Count of Ty-
rol, 75; surrendered to the empire
(1278), 17, 75, 18, 181; added to Aus-
tria, 17, 91; insurrection of,
177; progress of the Reformation
in, 178; advent of the Jesuits in, 179
Styx, waterfall in Arcadia: description
of, 2, 15
Su, Tartar or Scythian tribe: drive
out the Greek dynasty from the
Bactrian kingdom, 5, 72
Sti, Prince (early 20th century), Chi-
nese noble: native Christians as-
semble in palace of, 6, 301
Suabian League, a union of the Sua-
bian cities and nobles under Fred-
erick III: sketch of, 18, 219
Suabian War, struggle in Switzerland
which established the alliance of the
Grisons with the Confederation
(1498): mentioned, 13, 394
Suan: see Assuan
Subervie, General (late 19th century),
French military officer: member of
the provisional government, 9, 435
Sublime Porte: see Porte, The
Subuktigan (d. 997), Ghaznivide
prince: at war with Jaifall of La-
hore, s, 91
Succession, Act of, bill passed by Par-
liament, declaring Elizabeth and not
Mary to be heir to the crown
(1534): account of, 11, 254
Succession, War of Austrian, war be-
tween England and France, with
nearly all Europe on one side or
the other (1740-1748): mentioned,
14, 318; cause, 4, 333, 9, 236, 11,
485, 17, 239, 18, 329; battle of Det-
tingen (1743), 18, 330; Frederick
the Great invades Bohemia (1774),
17, 241, 18, 330; war extends to the
American Colonies, 20, 107, 23, 163;
French invade Italy (1745), 4, 333,
9, 239; ended by Treaty of Aix-la-
Chapelle (1748), 9, 243, 11, 488, 17,
242, 18, 332; effect of, on India, 5,
179
Succession, War of Spanish, between
France on one side and Germany
and England on the other (1702-
1713) : cause, 9, 220, 13, 247, 18,
311; Queen Anne's War in America
(1702-1714), 23, 160; English and
Dutch attack Cadiz (1702), 8, 390;
battles of Blenheim (1704), 9, 221,
18, 313; Ramillies (1706), 9, 222, 18,
314; Peace of Utrecht (1713), 9, 224,
18, 315; mentioned, 4, 327, 13, 478,
16, 215, 238, 17, 190, 233, 20, 106
Succession, War of the Polish, be-
tween France in conjunction with
Spain and Sardinia, attempting to
reinstate Stanislaus on one hand,
and Russia and Austria, on the oth-
er (1733-1738): cause, 15, 381, 18,
323; Peace of Vienna (1738), 15,
381, 18, 324; England's attitude to-
wards, ii # 480; effect of, in Austria,
17, 192
Succession of Cleves, dispute as to the
succession to the dukedoms of Ju-
lech, Cleves, and Berg and the
countships of Ravensberg and
Mark (1609): account of, 18, 266
Suchet, Louis Gabriel, Duke of Albu-
tera (1770-1826), French marshal:
his campaign in Spain, 9, 337; joins
Napoleon after his return, 10, 501
Sucker State, The: see Illinois
Sucre (Chuquisaca), Bolivia, South
America: description of, 21, 181
Sucre, Antonio Jose de (1793-1830), a
South American patriot and gen-
eral, President of Bolivia, 1825-
1830: wins battle of Pinchincha, 21,
73; elected president of Bolivia,
185; overthrown in Bolivia, 82;
death of, 84
Sudan, Africa: history of, 19, 271; de-
scription of, 20, 262
Sudbury, Simon of, Archbishop of
Canterbury (d. 1381), English prel-
ate: beheaded, 11, 175
Sudder-ud-Din (14th century), Persian
scholar: sketch of, 5, 340
Sudebniks, Russian law-books: de-
scription of, 15, 181
Sudeikin (d. 1882), Russian police of-
ficer: assassination of, 15, 341
674
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Suderrnanland, Duke of (late 18th
century), Swedish naval officer:
commands Swedish fleet, 15, 187
Sudras, conquered non-Aryan tribes
in India: rise of, 5, 43
Suetonius Paullinus (d. ca. 70 A. D.):
Roman general: sent to Britain, 11,
9
Suevi, German tribe: aid the Sequani,
18, 10; defeated by Caesar, 12; at
war with the Celts, 17, 11; invade
Spain, 8, 26; see also Hermunduri
and Chatti
Suez Canal, artificial passage between
the Mediterranean and the Red
Seas: Grand Vizier Sokolli projects
canal (1570), 14, 195; canal con-
structed, 467, 496; opened, 1, 39, 5
138, 19, 56, 20, 224
Sufetula, Africa: conquered by the
Saracens, 1, 302
Suffold, General (early 15th century),
English officer: at siege of Orleans,
9, "5
Suffolk, political division of England:
origin of, 11, 19
Suffolk, Charles Brandon, Duke of
(early 16th century), English noble:
marries Mary Tudor, 11, 237
Suffolk, Henry Grey, Earl of: see
Grey, Henry, Earl of Suffolk
Suffolk, Michael de la Pole, Earl of:
see Pole, Michael de la, Earl of Suf-
folk
Suffolk, William de la Pole, Earl of:
see Pole, William de la, Earl of Suf-
folk
Suffrage:
AUSTRALIA: manhood suffrage
demanded in Victoria, 20, 194; qual-
ifications of electors, 198, 199
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: electoral
law, 17, 363, 368; Schmerling's elec-
toral system, 387, 401, 402; popular,
400; qualifications, 400; electoral
law of 1896, 401; election law of
1871, 410; electoral law of 1873, 412;
demands for universal, 432, 446; bills
for universal, 439, 447, 457
BELGIUM: universal, 13, 310
BOHEMIA: right of burgeoisie,
17, 149; demand for universal, 428;
proposed reform of electoral law,
429
DENMARK: right of, 16, 288
ENGLAND: proposal for manhood
suffrage (1780), 11, 520; procured
by second Reform act, 624
FRANCE: universal, 9, 441, 442,
471; qualifications, 10, 38
GERMANY: universal, 18, 430
IRELAND: changes in, 11, 625;
Catholics disfranchised, 12, 161
ITALY: enlargement of, 4, 398
NETHERLANDS: restricted suf-
frage of Socialist party, 13, 320
PARAGUAY: universal, 21, 160
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: qualifi-
cations, 20, 392, 24, 1044
SCOTLAND: changed in, II, 625
SWEDEN: basis of, 16, 278; re-
forms of Charles XV, 278; univer-
sal, 280, 285
SWITZERLAND: right of, 13, 384;
universal, 513
UNITED STATES: in colony of
Maryland, 23, 72; Roman Catholics
in Rhode Island, 94; New England
qualifications for, 147; disfranchise-
ment of free negroes, 480; general
extension of, 480; extended in Rhode
Island, 24, 530; free negroes, 660,
845, 858, 970; see also Slaves
Suffren, de Saint-Tropez, Pierre An-
dre (1726-1788), French naval com-
mander: his campaigns in India, 5,
194, 9, 257
Sufyan (ca. 7th century A. D.), Turk-
ish general: commands forces be-
sieging Constantinople (668 A. D.),
1, 327
Sugar Act, British: passed (1733), 23,
!35> 203; evaded by colonists, 135
Sugawara-tu-Michizane (9th century,
A. D.), Japanese statesman: influ-
ence of, 7, 47; disgraced, 47; hon-
ored, 48
Suger, Abbot of Saint Denis (12th
century), French prelate: manages
government of France, 9, 73
Sugiyama (d. 1900), a Japanese dip-
lomat: murdered, 6, 300, 301, 7, 280
Suiko, Empress of Japan, 591-629: ac-
cession of, 7, 20
GENERAL INDEX
675
Suinin, Emperor of Japan, 29 B. C-
71 A. D.: condition of the empire
under, 7, 9
Suisei, Emperor of Japan, 581-549 B.
C: accession of, 7, 7
Sujin, Emperor of Japan, 97-29 B. C:
separates shrine and palace, 7, 9;
condition of the empire under, 9
Sulcoit, Ireland: battle of (ca. 975 A.
D.), 12, 40
Suleiman, Shah of Persia: see Safi II
Suleiman Pasha (14th century), son
of Orkhan: account of, 14, 25, 27
Suleiman Pasha (1840-1892), a Turk-
ish general: his campaign against
Russia, 15, 334; besieges Shipka
Pass, 14, 481; his forces defeated
(1879), 19, 167
Suleiman: see also Solyman
Suleimaniye, The, the tomb of the
Sultana Khurrem, wife of Suleiman
I: account of, 14, 167, 179
Sulf AH (early 18th century), a Per-
sian military leader: fall of, 5, 348
Sulla, Lucius Cornelius (ca. 138-78 B.
C), a Roman general and dictator:
captures Jugurtha, 3, 190; his cam-
paign in southern Italy (89 B. C),
208; opposes reforms of Sulpicius,
210; leads an army against Rome,
210; reforms of, 211; embarks for
the East, 212; attempts to arbitrate
affairs in the East, 215; at the bat-
tle of Chaeronea, 218; at battle of
Orchomenus, 218; concludes peace
with Mithradates, 219; returns to
Italy, 220; overthrows the demo-
cratic revolution, 221; returns to It-
aly, 225; constitution of, 230; elected
consul, 240; sketch of his career,
240; death, 241; his constitution
abolished, 267
Sullivan, Timothy Daniel (19th cen-
tury), an Irish patriot: commem-
orates the Manchester Martyrs, 12,
235
Sully, Maximilien de Bethune, Baron
de Rosny, a French statesman, called
The Iron Calvinist of Rosny: born
at Rosny, near Mantes, December
I3 1560; he was a student in Paris
when the Massacre of Saint Bar-
tholomew occurred; in 1575 entered
the service of Henry of Navarre,
whom he accompanied in his escape
from Paris; he gained the friendship
of Henry, who appointed him a
councilor of Navarre in 1580; mar-
ried Anne de Courtenay in 1583; he
directed the artillery at Contras, re-
ceived several wounds at battle of
Ivry, and was severely wounded at
siege of Chatres in 1591; advised
Henry IV to adopt the Roman Cath-
olic religion; appointed councilor
of state and finances in 1596, and
superintendent in 1599; by order
and economy he greatly improved
the financial condition of France
and prosperity of the people; he
turned his attention to other depart-
ments of government and soon be-
came prime minister; he encouraged
agriculture and projected a system
of canals to unite all the large rivers
of France; in 1606 he received the
title of Due de Sully; he resigned
the direction of the finances and re-
tired from court but retained the
position of grand master of artillery
and some other offices; in 1634 he
received the baton of marshal of
France; he employed his latter
years in writing memoirs of his life
and times; died at Villebon, Decem-
ber 22, 164 1
Assists Henry IV to raise army
and money against Spain, 9, 170; ad-
ministration of, 173
Sulpicius Peticus, Gaius, Roman con-
sul, 355 B. C: defeats a Gallic host,
3, 59
Sulpicius Rufus, Publius (124-88 B.
C.)> a Roman orator: reforms of,
3, 209; death, 211
Sultan, the title given to the head of
the Turkish government: power of,
14, 88
Sultan-G2ni, a name given to his prin-
cipality by Sultan Alaeddin (13th
century): origin of name, 14, 11;
description of, 12
676
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Sulu, an archipelago lying northeast
of Borneo: occupied by Americans
(1899), 20, 317
Sulzer, Johann Georg (1 720-1 779), a
Swiss-Prussian philosopher and
writer: sketch of, 13, 494
Sumarokov, Alexander Petrovitch
(1718-1777), a Russian poet: ac-
count of, 15, 150, 192
Sumatah (early 6th century), a Chi-
nese scholar: introduces Buddhism
into Japan, 7, 14
Sumatra, an island of the Malay Ar-
chipelago: settled by the Dutch, 20,
56; history of, 289
Sumner, Charles, an American lawyer
and Senator: born in Boston, Mas-
sachusetts, January 6, 181 1; gradu-
ated at Harvard College in 1830;
was pupil of Judge Story in the law
school of Cambridge; admitted to
bar in 1834; practised law in Bos-
ton, appointed reporter in the cir-
cuit court of the United States;
passed about three years in visits
to various countries of Europe
(1837-1840); pronounced an oration
in Boston on July 4, 1845, which at-
tracted much attention both in
United States and Europe; opposed
the annexation of Texas to the
United States in 1845; separated
from Whig party and joined Free
Soilers; supported Martin Van
Buren for the Presidency in 1848;
elected Senator of the United States
in 1850; opposed the Fugitive Slave
bill and took part in the debate on
the Kansas-Nebraska Bill in 1854;
on May 19-20, 1856, he made in the
Senate an eloquent speech on the
contest in Kansas and on the ag-
gressions of slave power, some pas-
sages of his speech excited the an-
ger of Preston S. Brooks, a South-
ern member of Congress, who on
May 22, 1856, assaulted Mr. Sumner
while he was sitting in the Senate-
chamber and beat him on the head
with a cane until he became insensi-
ble; Mr. Sumner was so severely
injured that he was disabled for
public service for several years and
sailed to Europe in March, 1857,
for the benefit of his health; was
reelected to the Senate, January,
1857, returning home in the autumn
of that year but made another voy-
age to Europe in the spring of 1858;
in i860 advocated election of Abra-
ham Lincoln for President; was ap-
pointed chairman of committee on
foreign relations in March, 1861,
and at the end of 1862 was again
elected Senator for six years, end-
ing March 4, 1869; after the Civil
War he advocated the reconstruc-
tion of the seceded States; during
the rebellion he was the confidential
adviser of President Lincoln; among
his important services was the pro-
duction of the Freedman's Bureau
Bill; chairman of committee on for-
eign affairs from 1861-1870; in
April, 1869, he made an elaborate
speech on the Alabama claims; he
died at Washington, D. C, March
11, 1874
Quoted on the nomination of Van
Buren in 1848, 24, 559; signs ad-
dress against Douglas, 633; replies
to Douglas's speech (1853), 634; as-
saulted by Preston Brooks, 650; op-
posed to Lincoln's reconstruction
plans, 836; opposes annexation of
West Indian Islands, 20, 322; in
Congress (1869), 24, 862; informed
of Alaska purchase, 878; breach
with Grant, 880; supports Alaska
treaty, 880; on Johnson-Clarendon
treaty, 882; his speech on Republic-
anism v. Grantism, 890; joins liberal
movement, 890; Lamar's tribute to,
916
Sumner, Edwin Vose (1797-1863), an
American general: at the siege of
Mexico, 22, 363; saves victory at
Seven Pines, 24, 758
Sumter, Thomas (1734-1832), an
American Revolutionary general:
sketch of, 24, 273; in first congress^
342
HISTORICAL NOVELS
677
Sumu-abi, King of Babylonia, 2450 B.
C: reign of, 1, 76
Sunderland, Charles Spencer, Earl of
(1674-1722), an English statesman:
becomes Secretary of State, 11,
458; leader of Whig party, 472
Sung (early 19th century), a Chinese
statesman: remonstrates with the
emperor, 6, 122
Sung-ching, a contemporary Chinese
general: his campaigns against the
Japanese, 7, 267
Suniario (10th century), Count of Ur-
gel: regent of Barcelona, 8, 225
Sunna, The, the traditional law of
Islam: fixed and consecrated, 1, 212;
defined, 14, 89
Sunnites, art orthodox Mohammedan
sect: rise of, 1, 244; their schism
with the Shiites, 14, 122
Superstition: in religious worship of
New England, 24, 147
Supremacy, Acts of:
1534. An English statute which
proclaimed Henry VIII supreme
head of the English Church, 11,
254
1559- An English statute vesting
spiritual authority in the crown,
to the exclusion of all foreign
jurisdiction, 11, 275
Supreme Court Decisions: decision on
limitation of powers of State, 23,
440; decision on implied powers un-
der Constitution, 440; Jackson com-
bats United States Bank decision,
486; favoring Indians in Georgia
suit, 487; on constitutionality of
United States Bank, 501; the Dred
Scott decision, 24, 658; sustaining
negro disfranchisement in South,
873; respecting social rights of ne-
gro, 873; the Legal Tender Act,
899; against railroad merger, 972;
sustains act of Congress restoring
State Prohibition laws, 972; sustains
legislation against lotteries, 973;
respecting Mormon polygamy, 983;
constitutionality of Foraker Act,
1041; right of colonial subjects to
trial by jury, 1045
Supreme Court of the United States:
provided for, in Constitution, 23,
333', elevated by Marshall, 390; de-
nounced by the Democratic Party,
24, 1014
Surajah Dowlah: see Sirag-ud-daula
Surat, India: obtained by the French
(1668), 20, 114; French establish
factory at, 9, 214; raided by the
Marathas, 5, 131
Surat, Treaty of, an agreement be-
tween the English and Raghuba,
a claimant of the headship of the
Marathas (1775), 5, 192
Surinan, South America: settled by
the English (1634), 20, 37
Surrey, Henry Howard, Earl of
(1517-1541), an English poet: death
of, 11, 262
Surrey, John de Warenne, Earl of
(late 13th century), English states-
man: appointed guardian of Scot-
land, 11, 148
Surrey, Thomas Howard, Earl of: see
Howard, Thomas, Earl of Surrey
and 3rd Duke of Norfolk
Suruga, Japan: battle of (i335) 7>
88
Susa (Sushan), Persia: made center
of the Persian Empire, 1, 164; cap-
ital of Cyrus, 2, 123; Themistocles
at, 231; Pelopidas at, 445; Alex-
ander the Great at, I, 169, 2, 497
Susa, Treaty of, a peace signed by the
Duke of Savoy and securing to the
Duke of Nevers the peaceable pos-
session of Mantua and Montferrat
(1628), 9, 186
"Susan Constant," English ship: car-
ries settlers to Virginia, 23, 57
Sussex, England: origin of the name,
11, 18; pillaged by William the Con-
queror, 67
Suter, Anton Joseph (d. 1784), Swiss
politician: leads popular faction in
Inner Rhodes, 13, 501
Sutherland, Earl of (early 18th cen-
tury), Scotch Whig: his campaign
against the Pretender, 12, 362
Suthul, town in Numidia: siege of, 3,
189
678
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Sutoku (12th century A. D.), Em-
peror of Japan: deposed, 7, 56;
leads rebellion, 56
Sutter, Captain (19th century), Cali-
fornian of 1848: employs the work-
man who discovers gold, 24, 595
Suvarov (Soovorof, Souvorof, Su-
vorov, Souvarof, Suworow or Su-
warrow), Alexander Vasilievitch
Rymnikski (1729-1800), Russian
general: commands Russian force
(1769), 14, 324; defeats the Turkish
forces (1773-1774), 14, 338; in the
Pugatchev insurrection (1774-1775),
15, 170; quells Tartar rising, 14,
345; defends Kilburn (1787), 35IJ
his campaign in the Crimea (1787),
15, 184; at the siege of Ochakov
(1788), 14, 354; sent into Moldavia
(1789), 356; captures Ismail (1790),
359; in Poland (1794), 15, 190, 18.
358; assumes command of the
forces of the second coalition
(i799) I7 285, 18, 362; his cam-
paigns in Italy (i799)> 8, 527, 9,
309, 13, 517; refuses to communi-
cate his plans to the Austrian Coun-
cil of War (1799), 17, 286; offends
Paul, 15, 204; recall of, 205; death
of, 206
Suzdal, Prince of (12th century), Rus-
sian noble: revolt of, 15, 9
Svane, Hans (early 17th century),
Danish statesman: at the diet of
Copenhagen, 16, 231
Svatopluk I (9th century A. D.), Mo-
ravian prince: career of, 17, 32;
reign of, 34; death of, 35
Svatopluk II (early 10th century),
Moravian prince: at war with his
brother, 17, 36
Sveaborg, Sweden: surrender of
(1809), 15, 217
Svend I (late 10th century A. D.),
King of Denmark: baptism of, 16,
29; his detestation of Christianity,
30; reign of, 31; defeats Olaf Tryg-
vasson, 55
Svend (II) Estridsen, King of Den-
mark, 1047-1076; befriended by
Magnus the Good, 16, 33; his rela-
tions with Henry IV of Germany,
18, 132; his ecclesiastical policy, 16,
60, 68; reign of, 67
Svend (III) Erik (late 12th century),
King of Denmark: his struggle for
the throne, 16, 80
Svend (nth century), King of Nor-
way, 1030-1035, son of Knud the
Great: reign of, 16, 32, 57
Svend (10th century), Viking chief-
tain: attacks London, 11, 57; con-
quers England, 58; death of, 59
Svend Aagesen: see Aagesen, Svend
Sverdruj (late 19th century), Nor-
wegian naval officer: explorations
of, 16, 327
Sverdrup, Johan (late 19th century),
Norwegian politician: leads the pa-
triotic Democratic Party, 16, 282
Sverker, Karlsson, King of Sweden,
II35-II55: reign of, 16, 101, 103
Sverre (d. 1202), King of Norway:
career of, 16, 98
Sviatopolk-Mirski, Prince (late 19th
century), Russian statesman: ap-
pointed minister of the interior, 15,
360
Svinimir: see Zvonimir
Svold, Germany: battle of (1000), 16,
56
Swallow, Silas C. (1839 ), Amer-
ican politician: Prohibition nominee
for President, 24, 1067
Swally, India: battle of (1612), 5, 160
Swan River Colony: see Western
Australia
Swartwort (19th century), American
politician: defaulter, 24, 520
Swatopluk: see Zwentebold
Swaziland, South Africa: sketch of,
20, 259
Sweden, northern Europe: legendary
history of, 16, 34; Adam of Brem-
en's description of, 63; before the
Union of Calmar (1693-1397), 97;
her advance on the Baltic coast,
15, 9, 21; at the close of the Middle
Ages, 16, 142; revolts against Erik
(i435)> i 2 7> dissolves the union with
Denmark (1523), 154; rises into
European prominence (1560-1611),
161; claims in Delaware, 23, 107;
colonists from, invited to remain in
GENERAL INDEX
679
Penn's colony, in; colonists in New
Jersey and Delaware, 126; attacked
by Peter the Great (1699), 15, 38;
falls from power (1709), 54; inter-
vention of, in Turkey, 14, 307; re-
lations of, with France, 16, 227; al-
lied with Russia, 14, 322; in the
age of political revolution, 16, 247;
war between Sweden and Russia,
I4> 35 2 > treaty with Catherine II of
Russia, 357; constitutional gov-
ernment in, 16, 277; commercial
treaty with the United States, 23,
347; concludes treaty with Japan,
6, 221, 7, 189; appoints Behring Sea
arbitrator, 24, 980
Sweden, The Lion of: see Banner,
Johan
Swegen (nth century A. D.), son of
Earl Godwine: misdeeds of, II, 60;
death of, 62
Swellendam, South Africa: magistracy
established at, 19, 37
Swen, King of Denmark: see Svend
(III) Estridsen
Sweveghem, de (1577), Dutch states-
man: mission of, to England, 13,
126
Sweyn, King of Denmark: see Svend
Tveskaeg, King of Denmark
Swieten, Gerhard von (18th century),
Dutch professor of medicine: in-
trusted with the improvement of
education in Austria, 17, 260
Swift, Jonathan (1667-1745), English
satirist: sketch of, II, 462; opposes
the Court Party, 12, 171
Swinburne, Algernon Charles (1837-
), English poet: pleads for the
Manchester Martyrs, 12, 235
Swinburne, Sir John (19th century),
English explorer: spreads British
influence in Africa, 19, 83; forms
mining company, 217
Swintila (7th century A. D.), King of
the Goths: reign of, 8, 44
Swiss Brotherhood, a conspiracy
against the centralists and the Hel-
vetic government (1802): account
of, 13, 5 18
Swiss Club, association in Paris to
extend the Revolution to Switzer-
land (1790): sketch of, 13, 504
Swiss Regiment: at the insurrection
of Nancy, 10, 125 note
Switzerland, southern Europe: the
ancient races and their civilization,
*3 327', union under Carlovingian
and German rule, 340; territorial
division, 347; formation of the
leagues, 13, 357, 18, 184; growth of
the Confederation, 13, 372; Switzer-
land at the height of her power,
389; the era of Reformation,
431; religious wars and the aristo-
cratic constitutions, 461; political
disunion of the 18th century, 487;
revolution and attempts at re-
organization, 503; internal reorgan-
ization, 10, 399, 13, 533; consolida-
tion of the Federal States, 13, 556;
centralization and socialism, 569;
concludes treaty with Japan, 7, 189;
arbitration treaty with the United
States, 24, 1076
Switzerland, The Marathon of: see
Morgarten: battle of (1315)
Switzerland, The Wallace of: see
Hofer, Andreas
Sword, Brothers of the, an order es-
tablished for the protection of the
German colonies on the eastern
shore of the Baltic (1199), 18, 173
Sword of Mars, The: see Attila
Sword of Rome, The: see Marcellus,
Marcus Claudius
Swordsman, The Good: see Murat,
Joachim
Swynford, Catherine (late 14th cen-
tury), English courtesan: marries
John of Gaunt, II, 183
Syagrius (4th century A. D.), Roman
general: governs Roman posses-
sions in Gaul, 9, 18, 18, 46; defeated
by the Franks, 9, 19
Sybaris, city of Magna Grsecia in
Italy: founded, 2, 84, 3, 26; wealth
of, 2, 85; destroyed by Croton, 215;
Thurii colonized by, 260
Sybilla of Cleves (early 16th century),
Belgian heroine: excites her people
against the Spaniards, 13, 170
680
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Sybota, Grecian island: sea-fight off,
2, 268
Sydenham, Charles Ponlett Thomp-
son, Lord (early 19th century), Eng-
lish statesman: his administration
as governor of Canada, 20, 158
Sydney, Australia: convict settlement
established at, 20, 132; settled, 182
Sydney, Lord (late 17th century),
Irish statesman: lord lieutenant of
Ireland, 12, 155
Sydney, Sir Henry (16th century),
English statesman: attempts to re-
store peace among the natives of
Ireland, 12, 89
Sydney Conference, The, a conference
of the Australian colonies including
New Zealand (1880), 20, 203
Syene: see Assuan
Sylla: see Sulla
Sylva-Xavier, Joseph de (d. 1789),
South American revolutionist: at-
tempts to lead rebellion in Brazil,
21, 69
Sylvester (15th century), Russian
priest: domostroi of, 15, 70
Sylvester II (Gerbert of Rheims) (d.
1003), Pope, 999-1003: accepts the
homage of Hungary, 17, 47; account
of, 18, 119
Sylvius, iEneas: see Pius II, Pope
Symmachus (ca. 2nd century A. D.),
Roman orator: leader of Roman
sentiment, 4, 131
Syphax (d. 203 B. C.) Numidian
prince: defeated by Scipio, 3, 129
Syr ben Ali Bekir (nth century), Mo-
hammedan general: his campaigns
in Spain, 8, 89
Syracuse, Sicily: founded, 2, 83, 92;
rise of, 3, 57; tyranny at, 2, 94, 217,
219; at war with Catana, 299; de-
stroys Leontini, 328; siege of, 337;
victory of, over Athens, 346; sends
ships to the iEgean, 352; at war
with its neighbors, 408; war with
Carthage, 408; subject to Dionysius
I and II, 415; anarchy at, 416; freed
by Dion, 416; freed by Timoleon,
417; ruled by Agathocles, 515; cap-
tured by Franks (3rd century A.
D.), 18, 30; conquered by the Sara-
cens, I, 354; siege of (1298), 8, 248
Syracuse, New York: rescue of negro
(1851), 24, 616; popular respect to
Lincoln's remains, 827
Syria, Asiatic Turkey: assigned to
Antigonus after the death of Alex-
ander, 2, 512; conquered by Anti-
ochus (275 B. C), 3, 143; made a
Roman province (63 B. C), 275;
surrenders to the Saracens, 1, 287,
2, 533; reduced by the Arabs, 14, 4;
wasted by Timur, 48; conquered by
Selim I of Turkey, 136; massacres
in (i860), 14, 465; conquered by the
Egyptians (1831-1832), 1, 38
Szabolcz, Council of, assembly of
prelates, nobles, and citizens con-
vened by Ladislas (1092), 17, 51
Szapary (19th century), Hungarian
statesman, premier of Hungary
(1890), 17, 431
Szapolyai, George (early 16th cen-
tury), Hungarian commander: at
the battle of Mohacs, 17, 169
Szapolyai, John: see John (I) Szapol-
yai, King of Hungary
Szapolyai, John Sigismund (16th cen-
tury), Vo'ievode of Transylvania:
accession of, 17, 217; death of, 220
Szathmar, Treaty of, a peace between
the Hungarians and the Hapsburgs
(1708), 17, 234
Szechenyi, Stephen, Count (1792-
1860), a Hungarian nobleman: in
the diet of Presburg, 17, 338; favors
moderation (1847), 354J made min-
ister of public works, 368
Szegedin, Peace of, treaty between
Turkey and Hungary (1444): ac-
count of, 14, 63, 65
Szell, Hungarian statesman, premier
of Hungary, 1899-1903: policy of
17, 440; resignation of, 442
Sziget (Szigeth), Hungary: siege of
(1566), 14, 175, 17, 219
Szilagy, Hungarian statesman and
soldier: chosen governor of Hun-
gary, 17, 161
Taaffe, Count Edward von (1833-
1895), Austrian statesman: made
premier, 17, 426
Tabar, Bohemia: battle of (1645), 18,
291
Tabasco, Mexico: captured by the
Americans (1847), 22, 309
Taborites, The, Bohemian sect, the
extreme of the Hussites, 18, 207
Taboureau (18th century), French
financier: made minister of finance,
9, 254
Tache, fitienne Paschal (19th cen-
tury), French statesman: at the
Quebec convention, 20, 165
Tachilana Moroye (8th century A.
D.), Japanese anthologist: collects
Japanese poems, 7, 35
Tacitus, Cornelius (55-117 A. D.),
Roman historian: his account of the
barbarians, 16, 7
Tacitus, Marcus Claudius, Roman
Emperor, 275-276 A. D. : reign of,
4, in
Tacna, town in Peru: battle of (1880),
, 237
Tacna, territory in southern Peru:
given to Chili (1883), 21, 238; taken
by the Congressionalists (1891), 239
Tacuba, Plan of, a Mexican legal
document, 22, 277, 382
Tadaranohama, Japan: battle of, 7,
88
Tadatsune, Taira-no-: see Taira-no-
Tadatsune
Tadmir: see Theodomir
Tadpole State, The: see Mississippi
Tafalla, Spain: siege of (1035), 8, 231
Tafna, Treaty of, a treaty between
Abdul Kadir and the French (1837),
9, 413
Taft, William Howard (1857 ),
American statesman: member of
Philippine Commission, 20, 318, 24,
1043; proclaims United States pro-
tection in Cuba, 22, 490
Taga, Japan: built, 7, 27
Tagesons, Henrik (15th century),
Danish renegade nobleman: in the
Danish revolt, 16, 130
Tagliacozzo, Italy: battle of (1268),
4, 215, 18, 170
Tagliamento, Italy: crossed by Omar
Pasha, 14, 85
Taharka (Tirhakah, Tarakos), King
of Egypt, ca. 693-670 B. C: reign
of, 1, 30; defeated by Esarhaddon,
90
Tahir Pasha (19th century), comman-
der of the Albanians: assumes the
government of Cairo, 1, 37
Tahirites, a dynasty of Persia, 813-
872 A. D.: reign of, 1, 364
Tahmasp: see Tamasp
Taikwa Reform, a period of Japanese
history: account of, 7, 22
Taillebourg, Bridge of, France: battle
of (1242), 9, 81
T'aip'ings, name given to Chinese in-
surgents: establishment of dynasty
of, 6, 151; advance on Peking, 152;
retreat to Nanking, 153; later suc-
cesses, 195
Taira, Clan of, Japanese family prom-
inent in the 10th century: rise of,
7, 5i
Taira-no-Kiyomori (12th century),
Japanese chieftain: supports acces-
sion of Emperor Goshirakawa, 7,
56; crushes rebellion of Nobuyori
and Yoshitomo, 57; influence of,
58
Taira-no-Masakado (10th century A.
D.), Japanese soldier: revolt of, 7,
53
Taira-no-Munemori (12th century),
Japanese chieftain: influence of, 7,
60; death of, 62
681
682
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Taira-no-Sadamori (ioth century A.
D.), Japanese soldier: defeats Tairo-
no-Masakado, 7, 53
Taira-no-Shigemori (12th century),
Japanese soldier: crushes rebellion
of Nobuyori and Yoshitomo, 7, 57
Tairo-no-Tadamasa (12th century),
Japanese statesman: supports plans
of Emperor Sutoku, 7, 56
Taira-no-Tadatsune (nth century),
Japanese statesman: rebellion of, 7,
53
Taira-no-Takamochi (9th century A.
D.), Japanese statesman: vice-gov-
ernor of Kazusa, 7, 52
Taitsung, Emperor of China, 620-649
A. D.: aids Yezdegerd, King of Per-
sia, 1, 265
Taiwon-kun (19th century), Japanese
conservative statesman: anti-foreign
policy of, 7, 195, 255
Taj Mahal, a mausoleum at Agra,
India: built, 5, 119
Tajes, Maximo, President of Uruguay,
1886-1890: his presidency of Uru-
guay, 31, 258
Takahira, Kogoro (1842 ), Japa-
nese diplomat: appointed peace
commissioner, 7, 317
Takakura, Emperor of Japan, 1169-
1180: reign of, 7, 58
Takamochi, Taira-no-: see Taira-no-
Takamochi
Takanaga, Prince (14th century),
Japanese military commander: his
campaign against Ashikaga Takau-
ji, 7, 87
Takasugi Shinsabeu (19th century),
Japanese statesman: leader of anti-
Tokugawa party, 7, 165
Takeuchi Shikibu (19th century),
Japanese ronin: plots against the
Tokugawa, 7, 160
Takezoye (19th century), Japanese
diplomat: minister to Korea, 7, 256
Takhos (Teher), King of Egypt, ca.
360 B. C. reign of, 1, 33
T'aki (ca. 1100 B. C.)> Chinese prin-
cess: concubine of Chow Sin, 6, 7
Takishimimi, Prince (ca. 660 B. C),
Japanese usurper: attempts to usurp
the throne, 7, 7
Taku Forts, fortifications guarding
the approach to Tientsin and Pe-
king: capture of, 6, 165; defeat be-
fore, 170; recapture of, 172; de-
mands of powers respecting, 285,
286; in Boxer Rebellion, 301, 305
Ta-ku-shan, Manchuria: taken by the
Japanese, 7, 268
Talavera, Spain: battles of (918 A.
D.), 8, 135; (1809), 8, 486, 530, 9,
337, ". 563
Talbot, John, Earl of Shrewsbury (ca.
I373-I4S3), English soldier: his
government of Ireland, 12, 69; at
siege of Orleans, 9, 115; defeats the
Burgundians, 11, 205
Talbot, Richard, Earl of Tirconnell
(1630-1691), Irish royalist: made
commander of forces in Ireland, 12,
131
Talca, Chili: seized by the Radicals
(1859), 21, 219
Talcahuano, Chili: declared to be in a
state of blockade (1865), 21, 221
Ta-lien-wan, Manchuria: captured by
the Japanese, 7, 268; leased to Rus-
sia, 277
Talikot, British India: battle of
(1565), 5, 90, 107, 151
Ta-ling Pass, Manchuria: capture of,
15, 361
"Tallahassee," vessel of American
Confederacy: built in English ship-
yard, 24, 882
Tallahatchie River, Mississippi: Grant
attempts passage of, 24, 776
Tallard, Camille de la Baume (1652-
1728), French general: at battle of
Blenheim, 9, 211, 11, 455
Talleyrand-Perigord, Charles Maurice
de, Bishop of Autun, Prince of Ben-
evento (1754-1838), French diplo-
mat: elected member of the States-
General, 10, 39; proposes that the
clergy give up their possessions, 9,
207, 10, 109; takes oath of loyalty to
the nation, 10, 113; at the confeder-
ation of the kingdom, 122; Ameri-
can envoys refused audience with,
3 3, 374; appointed minister of for-
eign affairs, 10, 436; consents to
receive ambassador, 23, 375; ne-
GENERAL INDEX
gotiations of, 18, 364; member of
provisional government, 9, 349;
made minister of foreign affairs, 356;
favors the formation of the king-
dom of Holland, 13, 280; at the
Congress of Berlin, *8, 389, 391;
plans restoration of the Bourbons,
10, 498; made president of Louis
XVIII's ministry, 9, 365
Tallien, Jean Lambert (1767-1820),
French revolutionist: leader of the
commune, 10, 203; resists Robes-
pierre's views, 9, 290, 10, 313; pro-
poses to annul the third, 360; ex-
posed by Thibaudeau, 360
Tallmadge, James W. (1778-1853),
American lawyer: proposes amend-
ment prohibiting slavery in Mis-
souri, 23, 453
Talma, Frangois Joseph (1763-1826),
French tragedian: at Erfurt, 15, 218
Talmadge Amendment, an amendment
proposed to the bill to admit Mis-
souri to the United States (1819):
dispute over, 23, 454
Talmont (18th century), Vendean no-
bleman: supports insurrection in the
Vendee, 9, 283
Tamasese (19th century), Samoan
chief: made king of Samoa by Ger-
many, 24, 977
Tamasp (Tahmasp, Thamasp, Tham-
as) I (d. 1576), Shah of Persia, 1523-
1576: reign of, 5, 342
Tamasp (Tahmasp Thamasp, Tham-
as) II, Shah of Persia, 1730-1732:
aided by Peter, 15, 79; restored to
the throne by Nadir, 5, 350, 15, 115;
dethroned, 5, 351
Tamatave, Madagascar: bombardment
of (1883), 20, 278
Tamayos, The, a South American
tribe: their relations to the Euro-
peans, 21, 30
Tamerlane the Great: see Timur
Tammany Hall, political organization
of New York City: in election of
1888, 24, 968; returns to power in
New York, 1069
Tampico, Mexico: captured by the
Americans (1847), 22, 309; revolt
of (1871), 402
Tamworth Manifesto, profession by
Sir Robert Peel of principles of
moderate but conservative reform
(1834): account of, 11, 594
Tanagra, Greece: battle of, 2, 244
Tancred (1078-1112), King of Sicily:
defeats Henry VI of Germany, 18,
156
Tandy, James Napper (1747-1803),
Irish insurgent: secretary of the
Society of United Irishmen, 12, 198
Taney, Roger Brooke (1777-1864),
American jurist: appointed Secre-
tary of Treasury, 23, 503; in Dred
Scott decision, 24, 658; controversy
with Lincoln, 816
T'ang Dynasty, The, Chinese ruling
family: growth of literature under,
6, 14, 15; persecution of Christians
under, 16; conquests of, 15
Tanganyika, Lake, Africa: discovered,
19, S3
Tangier, Africa: siege of (1437), 8,
306; under English rule, 19, 34
Tangier(s), Treaty of, a peace be-
tween France and the Empire of
Morocco (1844): account of, 9,
423
Tani, Tateki (late 19th century), Jap-
anese major general: attempts to
defend Kumamoto Castle, 7, 180
Tanis: see Zoan
Tanneguy-Duchatel (15th century),
French general provost of Paris:
rescues the dauphin, 9, 112; exile of,
9, 114
Tannenberg, Germany: battle of
(1410), 15, 376, 18, 199
Tanning Industry: started in the
South, 24, 823
Tantia Topi (d. 1859), Indian insur-
gent: career of, 5, 239
Tanut-Amen (7th century B. C), King
of Egypt: at war with Assyria, I,
30
Taokwang (1781-1850), Emperor of
China, 1820-1850: his accession, 6,
123; his martial habits, 124; his
death, 155
Taos, New Mexico: massacre of
(1847), 22, 305
Tapia, Christoval de (early 16th cen-
684
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
tury), Spanish official: commis-
sioned to arrest Cortez, 22, 63
Taping-ling, Manchuria: battle of, 7,
310
Tappan, Lewis (early 19th century),
American abolitionist: secretary of
American Anti-Slavery Society, 24,
574
Tar State, The: see North Carolina
Tara, Ireland: battles of (ca. 450 A.
D.), 12, 38; (979 A. D.), 41
Tarahumares, tribe of Mexican Indi-
ans: rebel against the Spaniards, 22,
167
Tarakos: see Taharka
Taranaki, New Zealand: receives its
name, 20, 214
Tarapaca, South America: battle of
(1879), 21, 236; given to Chili
(1881), 238; taken by the Congres-
sionalists (1891), 239
Tarascos, tribe of Mexican Indians:
account of, 23, 6
Tarentum, southern Italy: settled, 2,
73> 84, 3, 26; trade of, 3, 27; wars
of, with Iapygians, 2, 220; later
wars with Lucanians, 418; forms
alliance with Pyrrhus, 3, 76; sur-
renders to Rome (272 B. C), 80
Target, Jean Baptiste (late 18th cen-
tury), French deputy of the third
estate: elected member of the States-
General, 10, 39
Targowitz, Confederacy of, formed to
resist change in government in Po-
land (1792): account of, 15, 385
Tarichaea, Palestine: siege of (67 A.
D), 1, 411
Tarifa, town in Spain: siege of (1340),
8, 113
Tariff:
AFRICA: Lord Granville promises
moderate tariffs for the Congo Re-
gion, 19, 75; the Mozambique tariff
78; tariff at the Cape hampers Ger-
man trade, 95; in Congo Free State
120, 124, 125; in Zanzibar, 134, 136;
under Royal Niger Company, 157;
Africa (West), agreement between
France and England, 177; Togoland
and Kamerun, 19, 177, 20, 303; free
trade, 19, 246, 247; custom dues in
British East Africa, 205; Zanzibar,
206; in Portuguese East Africa,
232; in the British Central Protect-
orate, 242
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: protective
system, 17, 269, 289; prohibition in
Hungary, 329; protection, 442; treat-
ies, 451
CHINA: Likin tax, 6, 273; Russia
demands that the customs tariff of
Niu-chwang in Manchuria be man-
aged by the Russo-Chinese Bank,
7, 294
CUBA: reduction of, 22, 471, 24,
1046; reciprocity, 22, 485; higher du-
ties, 486
ENGLAND: increase of duties, 11,
144; duty on tobacco, 479; import
duties on America, 510, 514; duty on
imported corn, 600, 606; under Peel,
602, 604; present status, 642
GERMANY: at the beginning of
the empire, 18, 442; need of pro-
tection, 443; advantages of protec-
tion, 444; attempts to pass a pro-
tective tariff, 445; protection gained
(1879), 446; results, 447; new tariff
of 1902, 451
HONDURAS: duty on mahogany,
20, 245
INDIA: under James Wilson, 5,
243; export duties repealed, 253; im-
port duties abolished, 260; under
Lord Elgin, 274
IRELAND: embargo, 12, 180
JAPAN: autonomy, 7, 189, 191; five
per cent, import duty, 243; partial
autonomy, 244
MEXICO: duty on oriental mer-
chandise, 22, 192; duties, 208
NETHERLANDS: duties, 13, 270;
grain free of duty, 283
PORTO RICO: Foraker Act, 24,
1040, 1042
ROME: under the empire, 3, 243
SCOTLAND: free trade introduced,
12, 357
SOUTH AMERICA: Paraguay, 21,
156; Peru, 199; Venezuela, 234
SWEDEN: controversy between
the free-traders and the protection-
ists, 16, 280
GENERAL INDEX
685
SWITZERLAND: duty on import-
ed liquors, 13, 580
TURKEY: under Suleiman the
Great, 14, 187
UNITED STATES: in colony of
Virginia, 23, 57; inter-state, 311; im-
port duty, 313; restrictions, 331; Act
of 1789, 347; protective policy, 354;
demand for protection, 437; pro-
tective character of Act of 1816,
437; Webster opposes for New
England, 438; Calhoun advocates for
South, 438; Clay advocates for
West, 438; Act of 1824, 456; Tariff
of 1824 causes dissatisfaction, 471;
in Calhoun's theory of nullification,
491; new measure in 1832, 23, 493,
24, 1094; reduced by Congress, 23,
495; Force Bill, 496; law of 1842,
24, 530; law of 1846, 530, 554; Whig
. tariff, 538; increased in Civil War,
739. 819; Horace Greeley favors pro-
tection, 892; duties lowered, 899; in
Democratic platform, 930; Act of
1864, 939; Act of 1870, 939; Act of
1872, 939; Act of 1883, 939; revision
demanded by Republicans of the
West, 939; issue in 1888, 963; Cleve-
land's views on, 963; McKinley
Tariff, 968; Republican platform
(1892), 990; Democratic platform
(1892), 990, 991, 993; Wilson Tariff,
995-996; Dingley Tariff, 1019; Phil-
ippine Islands, 20, 313, 360, 375, 376,
24, 1045
Tariff Union (Zollverein), The, union
of all the German states in a cus-
toms union: advantages of, 18, 395
Tarik-ben-Zeyad (early 8th century
A. D.), Arab chief: campaigns in
Spain, 1, 312, 8, 48; fate of, 1, 319
Tarkhan (7th century A. D.), Prince
of Fargaua: entertains Yezdegerd
1, 264
Tarki, Russia: surrenders to Peter
(1722), is, 79
Tarleton, Sir Bannastre (1754-1833),
English officer: at the battle of
Cowpens, 23, 281
Tarqui, Quito, South America: battle
of (1829), 21, 193
Tarquin the Proud, son of Tarquinius
Priscus, and 7th King of Rome:
in 534 B. C, he succeeded Servius
Tullius, whom he had caused to be
assassinated, and whose daughter
Tullia he married; put to death the
senators who had favored the re-
forms of Servius; conquered several
neighboring cities, built the capitol
and other public edifices and estab-
lished colonies at Signia and Circeii;
the outrage committed by his son
Sextus upon Lucretia roused the
people, already exasperated by his
tyranny, to throw off the yoke, and
Tarquin was deposed by an armed
force led by Junius Brutus; after
several attempts to regain his
power, he formed an alliance with
Lars Porsena of Clusium, in con-
junction with whom he fought the
battle of Lake Regillus (496 B. C.) ;
they were totally defeated by the
Romans, and Tarquin escaped to
Cumae, where he died 495 B. C.
Fails to consult with the senate,
3, 29
Tarsus, Asia Minor: conquered by
the Saracens (639-655" A. D.), I,
288; siege of (nth century A. D.),
368
Tartaglia of Brescia (1500-1559), Ital-
ian mathematician: revives the
mathematical sciences, 4, 296
Tartars: see Tatars
Tarwitz, Austria: battle of (1809), 9,
336
Tasco, Mexico: captured by the in-
surgents (1812), 22, 242
Tashi-chiao, Manchuria: battle of, 7,
310
Tashilumbo, Thibet: taken by the
Gurkhas, 6, 101
Tasman, Abel Jansz (17th century),
Dutch navigator: explorations of,
16, 332
Tasmania, island south of Australia:
receives its name, 20, 189; ratifies
the new Constitution (1899), 206;
see also Van Diemen's Land
Tassels (d. 1830), a Cherokee Indian:
condemned for murder in Georgian
court, 23, 487
686
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Tassilo (d. 794), Duke of Bavaria:
espouses the cause of Grifo, 18, 75;
opposes Charlemagne, 83
Tasso, Torquato (1544-1595), an Ital-
ian poet: sketch of, 4, 320
Tast, Hermann (early 16th century),
a Danish priest: preaching of, 16,
193
Tatars or Tartars, Tungusic tribes
whose original home was in Chi-
nese Tatary, and who are now rep-
resented by the Fishshin Tatars in
Manchuria, the Solons and Daurians
in Mongolia, and the Manchus in
China: invasions of, 14, 4, 15, 10;
their power overthrown, 15, 13;
campaigns against, 29, 120; devas-
tate the Ukraine, 61; Turkey ac-
knowledges their independence, 180;
insurrection of, 183; repelled by the
Poles, 376
Tat-ef-Ra (Ra-tatf) (ca. 2800 B. C),
King of Egypt: reign of, 1, 16
Tatistchev, Basil (1686-1750), a Rus-
sian statesman and historian: his
history of Russia, 15, 151, 195
Tat-ka-ra-Assa (ca. 2600 B. C.) King
of Egypt: reign of, 1, 16
Tatsumi, a contemporary Japanese
military officer: his campaigns in
the Chino-Japanese War, 7, 267
Ta-tung-kan, Manchuria: taken by the
Japanese, 7, 268
Tatwil, Switzerland: battle of (1351),
13, 376
Tau Tze-tung (d. 1899), a Chinese
reformer: executed, 6, 294
Taurisci, a Celtic people in ancient
Noricum: location of, 17, 11; defeat-
ed by the Romans, 11
Tauromenium, the Roman name of
Taormina, Sicily: captured by Ro-
mans, 3, 173
Tausen, Hans (16th century), a Dan-
ish priest: preaching of, 16, 193
Tavannes, Gaspard de Saulx de (1509-
I573). a marshal of France: at bat-
tle of Jarnac, 9, 156; gives the or-
ders for the Massacre of Saint Bar-
tholomew, 157
Tavira, Spanish minister to Chili
(1865): recalled from Chili, 21, 220
Tawara-saka, Kinshu, Japan: battle of
7, 180
Taxation:
AFRICA: Oil Rivers, 19, 159; in
Egypt, 267; in the Transvaal, 279
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: in the 17th
century, 17, 188, 189; the right of
voting certain of the indirect taxes
taken from the diets, 258; customs,
262; under Chotek, 262; under Jo-
seph II, 268; under Leopold II,
275; tax on printed matter, 289; tax
on coupons, 402
BOHEMIA: by nobles, 17, 67;
power of the diet, 83, 84; crown rev-
enues formed by captains, 114; Cath-
olic clergy taxed, 138; diet gives
all legislative functions, retaining
only the right of giving its consent
to the taxes, 209
CANADA: inequality of, 20, 153;
direct, 166
CHINA: effect of an overflowing of
the Yellow River, 6, 255
CUBA: condition from 1893 to
1898, 22, 481; internal, 487
DENMARK: toll tax on vessels,
16, 127; Ditmarshers refuse to pay
taxes to Holstein princes, 196
ENGLAND: Danegeld paid, 11, 57,
58; Domesday Book, 79; end of the
Danegeld, 101; Saladin Tithe in
England, no; on movable goods,
113; under Walter Hubert, Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, 114; under
King John, 122; fixed feudal reliefs,
127; right of Great Council, 134;
Edward I increases export duty on
wool, 144; provision of Confirmatio
Cartarum, 150; export duties on
wool under Edward III, 159; tall-
age, 162; Parliament imposes a poll-
tax, 174; impositions of James I,
309; tonnage and poundage, 324,
327; decrees of Parliament, 339; de-
cision of the Rump, 373, 374; on
colonies, 11, 509, 20, 108, 125, 127;
Burke's theory, ix, 510; income tax,
602, 604; on sugar, 20, 244
FRANCE: feudal dues, 9, 63; for
the second crusade, 74; under
Philip IV, 89; la gabelle and an
GENERAL INDEX
687
" aide," 97; arbitrary, 102; taxes abol-
ished, 107; direct permanent tax,
117; effect of the wars of Louis
XII, 135; "Pancarte Tax," 173;
burden of, 193; taille reduced, 200;
only by edict, 200; on colonies, 9,
214, 20, 72; under Colbert, 9, 215;
heavy, 234; raised, 256; under the
councils, 10, 4; clergy, 7, 21; ine-
quality of, 9; new species of, 11;
Quesnay's theory, 14; nobility ex-
empt, 21; under Malesherbes, 26;
reforms by Turgot, 9, 253, 10, 27;
under Necker, 9, 254, 10, 28, 106;
under Calonne, 9, 258, 10, 31; under
Lomenie of Brienne, Archbishop of
Sens, 9, 258, 10, 33; appeal to priv-
ileged orders, 10, 40; decree of na-
tional assembly, 49; sacrifices by
privileged classes, 75; tithes abol-
ished, 109; excise, 423; Cambon's
report, 425; under Napoleon, 448;
annual voting of, 9, 356; associa-
tion concerning, 389; reduced, 398;
reduction promised, 458
GERMANY: under Frederick Wil-
liam II, 18, 354; the navigation of
the Rhine released from taxation,
392; the Zollverein established, 395;
right of Prussia, 430; under the em-
pire, 444
GREECE: modern times, 2, 547
HUNGARY: demands of diet, 17,
253; Magyar comitats refuse to pay,
337; participation by nobles, 368
INDIA: under Akbar, 5, 116; land
tax under Lord Cornwallis, 195;
under Munro, 212; under Lord Wil-
liam Bentinck, 213; under James Wil-
son, 243; under Samuel Laing, 244;
on salt, 250; under Baron North-
brook, 253; taxes revived, 274; under
Lord Curzon, 282; reduction of
taxes under Edward VII, 288; re-
form, 291; connection with famine,
387
IRELAND: Boru tax, 12, 39; on
estates, 135; Commons' right of,
178; Church-rate or Church-cess,
195
JAPAN: new taxes, 7, 23; effect of
usurpation of fertile lands by nobles
and temples, 50; under Yoshimasa,
97; non-payment of taxes, 99; land
regulations, 115; land tax, 145, 222;
regulations, 183; increased, 217; un-
der Matsukata, 218; increased tax
measures, 227; negation of land tax,
235; increased and new taxes, 240
MEXICO: under Montezuma, 22,
15, 48; tribute to Spain, 30, 103;
under Philip II, 139; on the Indians,
196; on metals, 209; for war, 230
NETHERLANDS: provision of
contract at Cortenbergh, 13, 32; to
support mercenaries, 45; on Flan-
ders and Ghent, 58; under Alva, no;
in Flanders, 114; under Requesens,
116; at the close of the 16th cen-
tury, 171; in Holland, 269; on the
Belgians, 294
NORWAY: tribute to Denmark,
16, 29; right of, 261
PERSIA: under Khusru Anushir-
wan, 5, 320; present status of, 372,
373
ROME: on land, 3, 40; under the
monarchy, 376, 389; under Augustus,
4, 37; under Antoninus, 94, 95; un-
der Diocletian, 115
RUSSIA: under the Tartars, 15,
10; on beards, 71; tax on salt re-
mitted, 172; consent of council, 105;
remission of, 128; under Alexander,
217; reforms of Nicholas II, 347,
357
SCOTLAND: on ale, 12, 364
SOUTH AMERICA: Argentine
Republic, 21, 122; Bolivia, 234; Bra-
zil, 255; Chili, 225, 226
SPAIN: revenues, 8, 429
SWEDEN: new taxes, 16, 133;
lightened, 226; right of diet, 247,
252; reduction of land tax, 279; in-
come tax, 280
SWITZERLAND: in Zurich, 13,
386; monasteries assessed, 386; on
Appenzell, 390; in Lucerne, 416; im-
perial, 417; bailiffs, 424; demand of
peasants, 437; by towns, 468; revolts
concerning, 469; war tax, 513; alco-
hol tax, 579
TURKEY: on Christians, 14, 95;
under Suleiman the Great, 184, 186,
688
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
187; under Ibrahim, 227; increased
by Mustapha, 262; coffee tax, 14, 265;
under Ahmed III of Turkey, 293;
military exemption tax of Chris-
tians, 440; reforms in, 442; legislative
consent, 479; under Abdul Hamid,
491
UNITED STATES: in colony of
Massachusetts, 23, 100; equality of,
granted in New York, 104; reserved
to Parliament by Penn's charter,
111; in New England, 123, 124, 125;
in southern colonies, 149; policy of
England, 207, 213; partial repeal of,
216; tea tax, 218; Congress not in-
vested with power of taxing, 293;
power of Congress and States, 304;
apportionment of, 328; tariff act of
I/89, 347; excise tax on whiskey,
366; under Federalists, 392; on cir-
culation of Second United States
Bank, sought by Maryland, 440; for
war, 24, 739, 819; South Carolina,
866; New Orleans, 867; Acts of
1870, 1872 and 1873, 898; tariff ques-
tion in campaign of 1884, 946; Wil-
son Tariff Law, 995; income tax,
996; revenue for Spanish-American
War, 1026; in Porto Rico, 1036; in
Philippine Islands, 20, 376, 379, 382;
war taxes repealed, 24, 1051; on al-
cohol, 1083
WEST INDIES: conditions at be-
ginning of 19th century, 20, 237;
conditions in the Dutch possessions,
287; in Hayti, 22, 497
Taxation Without Representation, the
motto of the American colonists
in the Revolutionary War: opposed
in New Jersey (1686-1702), 23, 109
Tax-farmers, agents who collected the
revenues in Roman provinces: ad-
vent of, 3, 39
Taxfin ben AH, ruler of Spain, 1126-
1145: made governor of Spain, 8,
95; reign of, 96
Taxiles, a general of Mithridates the
Great: at the battle of Chaeronea,
3, 218
Tayef, a fortress in Arabia: siege of
1, 232
Taygetus Mountains, a mountain
range in Greece: description of, 2,
15
Taylor, Hudson (19th century), an
English missionary in China: in
China Inland Mission, 6, 221
Taylor, Reynell George (1822-1886),
an English official in India: his
career in India, 5, 223
Taylor, Richard (1826-1879), a Con-
federate general: surrenders, 24,
814
Taylor, Zachary, an American general
and statesman, President of the
United States, March 4, 1849-July
9, 1850: born in Orange County,
Virginia, September 24, 1784; edu-
cated in Kentucky; entered the army
in 1808, and married Margaret
Smith in 1810; in the War of 1812
he served as captain against the
Indians; obtained the rank of colo-
nel in 1832 and served in Black
Hawk War; defeated the Seminoles
at Okechobee in December, 1837,
and was appointed commander-in-
chief of army in Florida in April,
1838; about 1840 he purchased an
estate near Baton Rouge on which
he settled; he commanded an army
which was sent in the summer of
1845 to Corpus Christi; gained two
other victories and was promoted
to major-general; was successful at
battle at Buena Vista; in June, 1848,
he was nominated as candidate for
the Presidency by the Whig Na-
tional Convention and was elected
in November; was inaugurated,
March 4, 1849; in his message of
December, 1849, the President rec-
ommended the admission of Cali-
fornia, which was opposed by the
Southern members of Congress;
this difficulty was settled by Clay's
Compromise Bill; before the passage
of this compromise bill President
Taylor died, July 9, 1850
Early life, 24, 592; character, 593;
his campaigns in the Mexican War,
22, 288, 24, 545; at battles of Palo
Alto and Resaca de la Palma, 24,
547; at siege of Monterey, 548; occu-
GENERAL INDEX
689
pies Matamoras, 548; candidate for
President, 557; election, 559; inau-
guration, 593; recommends admis-
sion of California, 599; death, 609
Tchekmedji, Bridge of, Turkey: built,
14, 188
Tchenguyz Khan: see Genghis Khan
Tchernaya, a small river in Crimea:
battle of the (1855), 9, 448, 15, 321
Tcherniaiev (Tcherniayef), Mikhail
Grigorievitch (1828-1898), a Russian
general: demonstrations in Prague
in favor of, 17, 420
Tchesme (Chesme), Asia Minor:
Turkish fleet destroyed at (1770),
14, 327, 15, 178
Tchin, a table of ranks in Russia,
which classifies all the free inhabit-
ants in their ecclesiastical, civil, or
military capacity: institution of, 15,
73
Tchitchagov (Tchitschakoff), Paul
Vassilievitch (1765-1849), a Russian
admiral: defeats the Swedes, 15,
188; his campaign against Napo-
leon, 9, 342, 15, 219
Tcholyuskin (early 18th century), a
Russian Arctic explorer: explora-
tions of, 16, 305
Tea: introduced in England, II, 418;
taxed by the Townshend Acts, 23,
215; American colonists refuse to
allow taxed tea to be brought into
America, 219
"Tearless Battle," The, a battle in
Greece (367 B. C), 2, AAA
Tears, The Queen of: see Mary of
Modena, wife of James II of Eng-
land
Tebego, Paraguay: founded, 31, 152
Tecoac, Mexico: battle of (1876), 22,
406
Tecumseh (ca. 1768-1813), an Amer-
ican Indian chief: member of Shaw-
nee tribe, 23, 8; seeks to form In-
dian Confederacy, 416; killed at Bat-
tle of the Thames, 425
"Tecumseh," an iron-clad vessel in
the United States navy during the
Civil War: destroyed in Mobile
Bay, 24, 798
Teeling, Bartholomew (d. 1798), an
Irish insurgent: death of, 12, 214
Tefnekht (Tnephakhthos), Egyptian
king, ca. 75 B. C: defeat of, 1, 30
Tegea, an ancient city in Greece: feud
with Mantinea, 2, 18; submits to
Sparta, 76; troops of, at Plataea,
210; battle at, 237; troops of, at
Mantinea, 325; massacre at, 438;
troubles at, 447
Tegethoff (Tegetthoff), Baron Wil-
helm von (1827-1871), an Austrian
admiral: at battle of Lissa, 17, 392
Tegnapatam (Fort St. David), a
ruined town on the coast of India,
south of Pondicherry: founded, 5,
166
Tegner, Esaias (1782-1846), a Swed-
ish poet: sketch of, 16, 264
Teher: see Takhos
Teheran, Treaty of, a treaty between
England and Persia for mutual mili-
tary aid (1814), 5, 360
Teias (Teja) (d. 553 A. D.), King of
the Ostrogoths, 552-553 A. D.:
elected king, 4, 161; reign of, 18,
50
Teignmouth, Lord: see Shore, Sir
John
Teiling, Frischhans (d. 1487), a Swiss
soldier: sketch of, 13, 414
Teispes (7th century B. C), a Kim-
merian chief: defeated by Esarhad-
don, 1, 89
Tekeli, Count Emeric (1659-1705), a
Hungarian patriot: rebellion of, 14,
269
Telamon, in ancient geography, a
place on the coast of Etruria, Italy:
battle of, 3, 109
Telegraphs, Swiss: pass into the con-
trol of the government, 13, 578
Teleki, Vladislas (19th century), a
Magyar leader: attempts to obtain
foreign aid for the Magyars, 17,
372
Tel-el- Amarna : see Tell-el-Amarna
Tel-el-Kebir: see Tell-el-Kebir
Telemaque, The Northern: see Alex-
ander I, Emperor of Russia
Telford, Thomas (1757-1834), a Scot-
690
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
tish civil engineer: sketch of, 12,
375; improves roads in Scotland and
Wales, 11, 589
Telha (7th century), an Arabian chief:
rebels against Ali Talib, I, 245
Telissu, Manchuria: battle of, 7, 310
Tell, William, a Swiss hero and pa-
triot, called The Mountain Brutus:
born in the Canton of Uri in the
latter part of the 13th century;
in 1307, he entered into a league
with his father-in-law and others
to resist the tyranny of the Aus-
trian governor, Hermann Gess-
ler, who insolently required the
Swiss to make obeisance to his hat,
which was hung up in public; Tell
refused to comply, upon which
Gessler commanded him to shoot
an apple from the head of his son
and if he failed to hit the mark, his
life should be the penalty, but he
struck the apple; he was then taken
prisoner on the governor's vessel,
but during a violent storm while he
was steering the boat he sprang to
the shore; Gessler landing soon
after was shot by Tell; according to
tradition, William Tell was drowned
about 1350 while attempting to save
a child
Legends of, 13, 367
Tell-el-Amarna, a residence of Amen-
ophis IV, in Egypt: made capital
of Egypt, 1, 24
Tell-el-Kebir, Lower Egypt: battle
of (1882), 1, 40, 5, 259, 11, 634, 14,
497, 19, 267
Teller, Henry Moore (1830 ), an
American lawyer and politician:
leader of Free Silver Republicans
(1896), 24, 1012
Tello, Don (14th century), Spanish
prince, brother of Pedro the Cruel:
rebellions of, 8, 164; at battle of
Logroho, 168
Temenus, legendary Dorian hero: ac-
count of, 2, 48
Temes, a river in southern Hungary:
battle of the (ca. 1080), 17, 51
Temesvar, Hungary: battles of (101
A. D.), 17, 13; (1513), 168; siege of
(1716), 14, 289
Temesvar, Banate of: occupied by the
Dacians, 17, 11
Temesvar, Diet of, council to lay the
basis for the representative system
of government in Hungary (1397),
17, 155
Temin ben Yussef (early 12th cen-
tury), brother of the Emperor Ali,
general of the Almoravides: his
campaign against the Christians, 8,
91; his campaign against Moham-
med ben Abdalla, 94; defeated by
Alfonso I of Aragon, 233
Temmu (Prince Kusakabe), Emperor
of Japan, 673-690 A. D.: rebellion
of, 7, 29; reign of, 30; aids the
spreading of Buddhism, 31
Tempe, Vale of, Greece: location of,
2, 8; Xerxes in, 185
Templars, Knights, chivalrous order:
account of, 18, 173; suppression of,
8, 158, 249, 9, 88
Temple, Colonel (16th century), Eng-
lish officer: his campaign in the
Netherlands, 13, 122
Temple, Henry John, Viscount Palm-
erston: see Palmerston, Henry John
Temple, Viscount
Temple, Richard, Baron Temple
(1850 ), English officer: his ca-
reer in India, 5, 223; sketch of, 251;
in charge of the famine relief ad-
ministration, 255
Temple, The, of Jerusalem: built, 1,
388; restored, 402; rebuilt by Herod
the Great, 409
Temple of Music, Buffalo: President
McKinley shot during reception in,
24, 1049
Temuchin, Temuchen, Temudjin, or
Temujin: see Genghis Khan
Ten Thousand, governing body of Ar-
cadia: account of, 2, 440
Ten Thousand, Retreat of the, the re-
turn of the Greek mercenaries who
had served under Cyrus the Young-
er against the Persians (401 B. C.) :
account of, 2, 389
Ten Years' War, name given to the
GENERAL INDEX
691
first Cuban struggle for independ-
ence (1868-1878), 22, 453
Tenchi (Prince Nakano-oye), Emperor
of Japan, 668-672: plots against
Soga-no-Iruka, 7, 20; reign of, 25
Tencteri (Tencteres), German tribe:
migration of, 3, 301; defeated by
Caesar, 18, 12
Tendai, Buddhist sect: founded, 7,
4i
Teneriffe, Mount: see Mount Tene-
riffe
Teniers, David (1582-1649), Flemish
painter: sketch of, 13, 220
Tennessee, one of the United States,
means " the river of the big bend "
and is called Big Bend State:
Scotch-Irish and Germans settle,
23, 126; riflemen at New Orleans,
428; admitted, 451; slave state, 452;
charges of legislature against Adams
and Clay, 465; legislature repudiates
President and renominates Jackson,
474; Jackson's removal to, 477; Polk
elected governor (1839), 24, 540;
separated from North Carolina, 567;
Presidential election of i860, 683;
secedes, 719; military operations in,
742, 773, 783; effort to draw Sher-
man into, 803; agriculture, 831; re-
construction policy of Lincoln, 833;
reconstructed, 834; Ku-Klux-Klan
said to have originated in, 868; Dem-
ocrats regain control, 873; yellow
fever epidemic, 923
"Tennessee," Confederate frigate: de-
scription of, 24, 798
Tennyson, Alfred, Lord (1809-1892),
English poet: sketch of, II, 613
Tenochititlan: see Mexico, City of
Tenure of Office Act, a measure
passed over the veto of President
Johnson to prevent him from re-
moving without the consent of the
Senate all officers whose appoint-
ment required the confirmation of
the Senate: passed, 24, 850; modi-
fied, 863; repealed, 951
Teocalli (House of God), Mexican re-
ligious edifice: description of, 22,
28
Teos, Asia Minor: revolts from Ath-
ens, 2, 352
Teplitz, Treaty of, a treaty of alli-
ance between the monarchs of Rus-
sia, Austria, and Prussia against Na-
poleon (1813): account of, 17, 308
Terburg (Ter Borch), Gerard (1608-
1681), Dutch painter: sketch of, 13,
220
Terentilius Arsa, Gaius, Roman trib-
une of the people, 462 B. C: re-
forms of, 3, 44
Teresa of Portugal (12th century),
daughter of Sancho I: marries Al-
fonso IV of Leon, 8, 277
Tergoes, the Netherlands: siege of
(1572), 13, 114
Ternate, one of the Dutch East In-
dies: taken by the English (1810),
20, 143
Terra Australis, fabulous continent
round the South Pole: Cook search-
es for, 20, 123
Terra Firma, name given by Columbus
to the South American continent:
conquest of, 20, 50; made part of
New Granada, 104
Terray, Joseph Marie, Abbe (1715-
1778), French financier: controleur-
general of finances, 9, 249, 10, 12;
account of, 10, 25 note
Terre Napoleon: see Australia
Terrien de Lacouperie, Professor
(late 19th century), French ethnolo-
gist: his investigations in China,
6, 4
Territorial Expansion: see Expansion,
Territorial
Territories, portions of the United
States which have not yet received
the rights of states: powers of Con-
gress over, 23, 452; exclusion of
slavery from, 24, 659; plenary pow-
ers of Congress respecting slavery
in, 660; Jefferson Davis's resolutions
respecting slavery in, 678
"Terror," English Arctic exploring
vessel: placed in commission, 24,
1008
Terror, Reign of (March, 1793-July,
1794), the period during the first
692
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
French Revolution in which the rul-
ing faction executed all persons who
were considered obnoxious to their
government: account of, 9, 285, 10,
265, 11, 542
Terror, The King of: see Robespierre,
Maximilien Marie Isidore
Terry, Alfred Howe (1 827-1 890),
American general: in expedition
against Sitting Bull, 24, 905
Tertullus (5th century A. D.), leader
of the Pagan party in Rome: made
consul, 4, 141
Teschen, Treaty of, peace between
Austria and Prussia to terminate
the war of the Bavarian Succession
(1719), 17, 250
Tesse, Rene de Froulai, Count of
(early 18th century), French gen-
eral: in the War of the Spanish
Succession, 9, 222
Test Act, an act by which no one was
to hold office who refused to make
a declaration of his disbelief in the
doctrine of Transubstantiation and
to receive the Sacrament according
to the rites of the Church of Eng-
land (1673), 11, 399
Testaments, Old and New: see Bible
Teste (19th century), French peer:
scandal concerning, 9, 428
Testry, France: battle of (687 A. D.),
9, 35, 18, 69
Teta, King of Egypt, ca. 3300 B. C:
reign of, 1, 15
Tetricus, Caius Pivesus (3rd century
A. D.), Roman senator: surrenders
to Aurelian, 9, 13
Tetuan, Morocco: battle of (i860), 8,
507
Tetzel (Tezel, Diez, Deze), Johann
(1455-1519), German Dominican
monk: sketch of, 18, 236
Teucer of Salamis, leader of Achai-
ans: legend of, 2, 57
Teuhtls (16th century), native Mex-
ican governor: receives Cortez, 22,
14
Teutoboch (ca. 100 B. C.)> Prince of
the Teutons: taken prisoner by the
Romans, 18, 5
Teutoburger Forest, Germany: bat-
tles of (9 A. D.), 18, 18; (15 A. D.),
20; (782 A. D.), 82
Teutonic (German) Order of Knights,
a military order founded at Acre
in Palestine in 1190: description of,
18, 173; colonize the Prussians, 15,
375; realm of, 18, 195; army of,
defeated by Poles and Lithuanians,
199; revolt against, 215; Albert of
Brandenburg as Grand Master of,
15, 215
Teutons, a people of central Europe:
characteristics of, 20, 7, 25; naviga-
tion of, 10; invade Roman terri-
tory, 18, 4; see also Germans
Teuts (ca. 3rd century B. C), Queen
of the Ulyrians: pays tribute to
Rome, 17, 11
Tewfik (1852-1892), Khedive of Egypt,
1879-1892: succeeds Ismail Pasha,
14, 496; reign of, 1, 39
Texas, a state of the United States,
was so named from an Indian con-
federation called " Texas," " Tejas,"
or " Friends," and is called the Lone
Star State: settled, 22, 180, 183;
United States gives up claims to,
23, 445, 24, 531; refused annexation,
23, 515; importation of slaves for-
bidden, 24, 532; efforts of United
States to purchase, 532; united with
Coahuila, 532; revolt of, 22, 272, 24,
534; Declaration of Independence
adopted, 24, 534; independence rec-
ognized, 534; annexation of, 22, 282,
24, 535, 539; western boundary dis-
pute, 24, 600; government of the
United States assumes debt of, in
Compromise of 1850, 601; boundary
dispute of, with New Mexico in
Compromise of 1850, 601; state elec-
tions of 1855, 646; delegates with-
draw from Democratic convention
(i860), 679; secession, 689; Confed-
erates seize Fort Brown, 691; com-
plies with Johnson's scheme of re-
construction, 845; under military
rule, 847; readmitted, 848; in Presi-
dential election (1868), 860; read-
mitted to representation, 863; Dem-
ocrats regain control in, 873; end of
carpet-bag rule, 873
GENERAL INDEX
693
Texeira, Gonsalvo de (17th century),
Portuguese diplomat: envoy to Chi-
na, 6, 44
Texel, island in the North Sea: bat-
tle of (1673), 11, 399
Texte du Sacre, the book upon which
the French kings took their oath
of coronation: account of, 15, 86
Thabcr, Mount: see Mount Thabor
Thackeray, William Makepeace (1811-
1863), English novelist and humor-
ist: sketch of, 11, 612
Thags, Indian hereditary assassins:
suppression of, 5, 214
Thalaba ben Salema (8th century A.
D.), Syrian leader: his campaign
in Spain, 8, 65
Thales of Miletus (ca. 640-550 B. C.)
Ionian philosopher, 2, 115
Thamas or Thamasp: see Tamasp
Thames, The, a river in Canada: bat-
tle of (1813), 24, 525
Thaneswar, India: battle of (1191), 5,
94
Thanet, Isle of, an island at the east-
ern extremity of Kent, England:
Jutes land in, II, 17; Northmen
plunder, 42; Louis the Lion lands
on, 128
Thangbrand (9th century A. D.),
Saxon priest: his mission in Nor-
way, 16, 56
Thankmar (10th century A. D.), -Ger-
man conspirator: conspiracy of, 18,
109
Thann, Alsace-Lorraine: battle of
(1809), 9, 335
Thannyras, King of Libya: accession,
1, 33
Thapsus, Africa: battle of (46 B. C),
3, 358
Thasos, an island in the JEgean Sea:
a Phoenician possession, 2, 27; re-
volts from Athens, 235; revolts a
second time and is recovered, 367;
taken by Etonicus, 376
Thauss, central Europe: battle of
(1431), 18, 210
Thayendanegea: see Brant, Joseph
Thayer, Eli (19th century), American
politician: directs organization of
Emigrant-Aid Society, 23, 647
Thebau, Burmese king, 1878-1885: at
war with the British, 5, 266
Thebes (Diospolis, No-Amen), city of
ancient Egypt: location of, 1, 6;
made the capital of Egypt, 18; de-
stroyed by Assyrians, 90
Thebes, city in Bceotia, Greece: pre-
dominence of, 2, 13; rise in Boeo-
tian League, 47; at war with Ath-
ens, 143, 244, 245; joins Xerxes, 196;
troops of, at Plataea, 211; taken by
the Greeks, 211; freed, 248; foments
Peloponnesian war, 262; makes at-
tempt on Plataea, 277; troops of, at
Delium, 311; advocates destruction
of Athens, 377; insults Agesilaus,
393; war of, with Sparta, 397, 428;
suffers the peace of Antalcides, 419;
seized by Phoebidas, 422; freed by
the exiles, 424; supremacy of, in
Greece, 469; strife of, with Phocis,
459; joins Athenian alliance, 476;
troops of, at Chaeroneia, 477; taken
by Philip, 478; destroyed by Alex-
ander, 486
Thelwall (18th century), English sub-
ject: trial of, 11, 543
Themistocles, an Athenian statesman,
orator, and commander of great
celebrity: born about 514 B. C; was
a son of Neocles and a citizen of
Athens; in early life he was ad-
dicted to pleasure, but, having lost
his patrimonial estate he changed
his entire course of life; he spent
his leisure hours and vacation in
composing declamations; his prin-
cipal rival, Aristides, was ostracized
in 483 B. C, after which Themis-
tocles became the foremost states-
man of Athens; he was elected
archon eponymus in 481, and when
Xerxes invaded Greece he was chos-
en commander-in-chief; he induced
the people of Athens to abandon
the city and embark in the fleet; the
Greeks gained a decisive victory at
the great naval battle of Salamis,
480 B. C, due to the sagacity and
conduct of Themistocles; in 471 B.
C. he was banished by ostracism
and retired to Argos; having been
694
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
accused of treason he sought refuge
at the court of Persia in 465, and
was kindly treated by Artaxerxes
over whom he acquired much influ-
ence; died or killed himself in Per-
sia about 449 B. C.
Character of, 2, 160; founds Pei-
raeus, 161; fosters Athenian navy,
175; convokes congress of Corinth,
178; commands in Thessaly, 185;
commands at Artemisium, 189; ad-
vocates evacuation of Athens, 196;
disputes with the admirals, 199; se-
cret dealings of, with Xerxes, 202,
205; his embassy to Sparta, 225; his
exile and death, 230
Theobald: see Thibault
Theodatus, Gothic king, ca. 534-536
A. D.: reign of, 4, 159
Theodebald, Frankish king, 547-554
A. D.: reign of, 9, 25
Theodebald (8th century A. D.),
grandson of Pippin of Heristal:
made mayor of the palace, 9, 36
Theodebert I (504-547 A. D.), Frank-
ish king, King of Austrasia: acces-
sion of, 9, 25
Theodebert II, Frankish King, King
of Austrasia, ca. 596-600 A. D.:
reign of, 9, 30
Theodemir (d. after 713 A. D.), chief
of the Visigoths: concludes treaty
with Saracens, 1, 316; defeated by
the Saracens, 8, 48; reign of, 50
Theodolinda (Theodolind), Queen of
Lombardy, 589-625 A. D. : marries
Autharis, King of Lombardy, 4,
166; persuades her people to become
Christians, 18, 53
Theodora (10th century A. D.), Ro-
man courtesan: her influence on the
Papacy, 4, 182
Theodora (14th century), Greek prin-
cess: married to Orkhan, 14, 25
Theodore of Tarsus, Archbishop of
Canterbury, 669-690 A. D.: conse-
crated, 11, 37; introduces peniten-
tial system, 38; founds school at
Canterbury, 38
Theodored, King of the Visigoths,
419-451 A. D.: reign of, 8, 37
Theodoric I (Theuderic or Thierry),
Frankish king, 511-534: his cam-
paign against Auvergne, 9, 20; reign
of, 9, 24, 18, 60
Theodoric II (d. 613), Frankish king:
reign of, 9, 30; assisted by Clotar
II, 18, 64
Theodoric III (d. 691), Frankish king:
reign of, 9, 34; captured by Pippin
of Heristal, 18, 69
Theodoric IV (d. 737), Frankish king:
reign of, 9, 37
Theodoric the Great (455-526), King
of the Ostrogoths, 475-526: career
of, 18, 45; invasion of, 2, 532, 4,
155; takes possession of Italy, Dal-
matia, Noricum, and Rhaetia, 17,
16; attempts to aid Alaric II against
the Franks, 9, 20; his campaign in
Spain, 8, 39; death of, 4, 157
Theodoric I, King of the Visigoths,
420-451: reign of, 8, 38; forms alli-
ance with Aetius, 18, 41; his cam-
paign against Attila, 9, 17; death of,
18, 42
Theodosius (I) the Great, Emperor of
the East, 379-395 A. D.: was born
in Spain in 346 A. D.: accompanied
his father in his various campaigns
and acquired at an early age great
proficiency in the art of war; in 379
A. D., the Emperor Gratian con-
ferred upon him the title of Augus-
tus, with the command over the
Eastern provinces: received into
Christian Church, he distinguished
himself by his zeal against the
Arians and in 380 appointed
Gregory Nazianzen, Archbishop
of Constantinople; he carried on
a successful war with the Goths;
he reigned at Constantinople and
after the death of Valentinian II in
392, Theodosius was sole emperor
of the Roman world; before his
death he divided his dominions be-
tween his two sons; he died in 395
A. D.
Placed on the throne of Constan-
tinople, 4, 133; makes treaty with
Goths, 18, 34; separates Eastern
GENERAL INDEX
695
and Western Empires, 2, 527; death
of, 17, 16, 18, 35
Theodosius II (401-450), Emperor of
the East, 408-450: pays tribute to
the Huns, 17, 16; recognizes Valen-
tinian III as Emperor of the West,
4, 147
Theodosius (d. 376 A. D.), a Roman
general: his campaign in Britain,
12, 250
Theodosius (9th century), a deacon
of Syracuse: fate of, 1, 354
Theogony of Hesiod, Greek poem: ac-
count of, 2, 39
Theophania (d. 991), Byzantine prin-
cess: marriages of, I, 367, 18, 114;
regent for Otto III, 18, 118
Theophilanthropie, attempt of La Re-
veillere to establish the deistical re-
ligion under that name, 10, 372
Theophilus, Byzantine Emperor, 829-
842 A. D.: wars with the Saracens,
1, 357
Theot, Catherine (late 18th century),
French charletan: made use of by
committees against Robespierre, 10,
305
Theotokis (contemporary), Greek pol-
itician: account of career, 2, 548
Thera, one of the Sporades: island of,
2, 19; colonized by Dorians, 56
Theramenes (d. 404 B. C), Athenian
politician and commander: heads
opposition in faction of the Four
Hundred, 2, 360; accuses the gen-
erals after Arginusae, 373; his em-
bassy to Sparta, 377; joins the
Thirty Tyrants, 383; slain by Crit-
ias, 386
Theresienstadt, Austria: built, 17, 252
Thermidorian Party, the more mod-
erate party in the French revolu-
tion: composition of, 10, 321; re-
places the democratic members in
the committee, 322; attacks the Jac-
obin Club, 327
Thermopylae, a pass in northern
Greece: geography of, 2, 11; Leoni-
das at, 186; battle of (192 B. C.),
2, 190, 3, 144; the Athenians seize,
2, 462; Philip passes, 476; Antiochus
defeated at, 518
Thero, Tyrant of Acragas, 488-472 B.
C.: account of, 2, 218
Therouenne, France: razed to the
ground, 9, 147
Thersites, rebellious and talkative
slave: in Homer's Iliad, 2, 36
Theseus, the national hero of Attica:
was the son of Aegeus, King of
Athens and a cousin of Hercules,
whose exploits he emulated by the
destruction of monsters and rob-
bers; volunteered to go as one of
victims destined to be devoured by
the Minotaur in the Labyrinth;
killed the Minotaur and found his
way out of the Labyrinth by means
of a clue (ball of thread) which Ari-
adne, a daughter of Minos, had
given him; he afterwards became
King of Athens; defeated the Ama-
zons, who invaded Attica, took part
in the Argonautic expedition and
abducted the famous Helen from
Sparta while she was a girl; married
Antiope, Queen of the Amazons and
after her death he married Phoedra,
daughter of Minos; was an intimate
friend of Pirithous, whom he aided,
the legend says, in an audacious
attempt to abduct Proserpine from,
the palace of Pluto; they failed and
Thesus was confined in Tartarus,
but finally released by Hercules;
tradition adds that he was treacher-
ously killed by Lycomedes, King of
Scyros
Skeleton of, discovered in Scyros,
2, 233
Thespiae, Greece: troops of, at Ther-
mopylae, 2, 193; refuses to surren-
der to Xerxes, 196; aids Sparta, 428;
taken by Thebans, 430; destroyed,
437
Thessalonica, Macedonia: captured by
Turks, 14, 60
Thessaly, southeastern Europe: geog-
raphy of, 2, 8; settled, 46; submits
to Xerxes, 185; troops of, desert
Athens at Tanagra, 244; towns of,
allied to Athens, 275; Brasidas in,
313," Agesilaus crosses, 400; subdued
by Jason, 437; Pelopidas in, 444;
696
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Alexander in, 444; joins Thebes
against Phocians, 460; Philip in,
462; becomes subject to Philip, 471;
joins Aetolian League, 2, 516; sub-
mits to Caesar, 3, 348; ceded to
Greece, 2, 546, 14, 492
Thetes, lowest class in Athenian so-
ciety: archonship opened to, 2, 252
Theudebert (Dietbert) (d. 548 A. D.),
King of Austrasia, 534~548 A. D.:
death of, 18, 64
Theuderic: see Theodoric
Theudis, King of the Visigoths in
Spain, 531-548 A. D.: administers
government of Spain, 8, 39; acces-
sion of, 40
Theudisel, King of the Visigoths in
Spain, 548 A. D.: reign of, 8, 40
Theudowald (d. 714 A. D.), Frankish
prince: career of, 18, 70
Thianges, Chevalier de (18th century),
French impostor: impersonates
Stanislaus Leczinski, 15, 118
Thibaudeau, Antoine Claire, Count de
(1765-1854), French revolutionist
and historical writer: exposes plan
for annulling election, 10, 360
Thibault (Thibaut, Thibaud, Theo-
bald) I (1201-1253), Count of Cham-
pagne and King of Navarre: reign
of, 8, 205; accused of poisoning
Louis VIII of France, 9, 80
Thibault II, King of Navarre, 1253-
1270; reign of, 8, 206
Thibaut, Colonel, French commander
of a legion in South America: in
the service of Montevideo, 21, 126,
139
Thibet: see Tibet
Thibron (4th century B. C.) Lacedae-
monian general: employs the rem-
nant of the Ten Thousand, 2, 390
Thierry: see Theodoric
Thiers, Louis Adolphe, French his-
torian and minister of state: born
at Marseilles, April 16, 1797; stud-
ied law at Aix; in 1818, was received
as advocate at the bar at Aix, but
went to Paris in 1821, and became
assistant editor of the " Constitu-
tional"; in 1823 published the first
volume of the " History of the
French Revolution"; used his influ-
ence to raise Louis Philippe to the
throne, and was made councillor of
state in 1830; he was elected a mem-
ber of the Chamber of Deputies;
was under-secretary of state, 1830-
1831, and minister of interior in
October, 1832; admitted into the
French Academy in 1834; he was
president of the council and minis-
ter of foreign affairs from February
to August, 1836, when he resigned;
in March, 1840, he was again ap-
pointed chief minister but resigned
in October, 1840; he voted for Louis
Napoleon as president in December,
1848; in 1863 he was elected to the
legislative body, in which he acted
with the opposition and to which
he was reelected in 1869; in 1867
he made a speech against Napo-
leon's foreign policy; in July, 1870,
he boldly opposed the war against
Prussia; declined to serve as a mem-
ber of the provisional government
formed in September, 1870, but on
the organization of the French Re-
public, he accepted the Presidency,
to which he was elected in Febru-
ary, 1870, and served until his resig-
nation, May 24, 1873; died at St.
Germain, September 3, 1877
Opposes the decrees of July 25,
1830, 9, 390; in Soult's ministry, 402;
becomes minister of the interior,
405; first ministry of, 409; second
ministry of, 418; leads opposition,
424; opposes Guizot's foreign policy,
430; arrest of, 441, elected to the
assembly, 458; canvasses Europe to
obtain aid for France, 467; made
"head of the executive power," 469;
becomes president of the French
Republic, 475
Thietmar (10th century A. D.), Bish-
op of Prague: account of, 17, 63
Thionville, France: battle of (1639),
9, 193
Thirty Tyrants, The, an aristocratic
body which usurped the government
of Athens, 404-403 B. C. : account
of, 2, 383
GENERAL INDEX
697
"Thirty Years' Peace," The, truce
concluded between Athens and
Sparta (445 B. C.) : account of, 2,
250, 251
Thirty Years' War, The, a religious
and political war in central Europe
which involved Germany and vari-
ous countries (1618-1648): cause, 11,
313, 17, 204, 18, 265; king of Bohe-
mia defeated at Prague (1620), 17,
206, 18, 270; Wallenstein defeats
Mansfeld at Dessau (1626), 17, 210,
18, 275; Rochelle taken (1628), 9,
185; Gustavus Adolphus defeats
Tilly at Breitenfeld (1631), 18, 280;
Gustavus Adolphus killed at Liitzen
(1632), 16, 184, 17, 211, 18, 284;
Swedes defeated at Nordlingen
(1634), 16, 186, 18, 289; French take
Arras (1640), 9, 194; Swedes defeat
Austrians at Leipzig (1642), 16, 187,
18, 291; French defeat Spaniards at
Rocroy (1643), 9, 199; Conde victor
at Friedburg (1644), 9, 199; Turenne
defeats the Austrians at Nordlingen
(1644), 9, 199; Holland aids the
Protestant states, 13, 203; Poland's
connection with, 15, 372; principle
of neutrality adopted, 13, 462
This: see Tini
Thistlewood Conspiracy, a conspiracy
formed by a certain Thistlewood to
murder the English cabinet (1820),
11, 573
Thomas I, Prince of Savoy, 1 188-1233:
reign of, 4, 273
Thomas (ca. 7th century A. D.), Bish-
op of Constantinople: at siege of
Damascus, 1, 272
Thomas (17th and 18th centuries),
Jesuit missionary, 6, J7
Thomas a Becket, an English prelate,
Archbishop of Canterbury: born in
London, December 21, 1118; studied
at Oxford and Paris; appointed High
Chancellor of England, 1155; elected
Archbishop of Canterbury, 1 162, and
immediately entered upon a conflict
with the king, Henry II, which end-
ed in the assassination of Becket on
December 29, 1170; he was pro-
claimed a martyr by the people and
canonized by the Pope in 1173; his
bones were deposited in a beautiful
shrine at Canterbury and became
the object of pilgrimages; Henry
VIII destroyed the shrine and scat-
tered Becket's ashes
Made Chancellor, 11, 98; made
Archbishop of Canterbury, 100;
quarrel with Henry II, 101; perse-
cuted, 102; returns to England, 106;
murder of, 9, 74, II, 106
Thomas von Falkenstein (15th cen-
tury), Austrian commander: be-
sieges Brugg, 13, 401
Thomas, Clement (1809-1871), French
soldier: made commander of the
national guard, 9, 437; captured by
the commune, 470
Thomas, George Henry, an American
general: born in Southampton coun-
ty, Virginia, July 31, 1816; entered
the Academy at West Point in 1836,
graduated in 1840; having become
first lieutenant in 1843, served with
distinction in the Mexican war at
Monterey and Buena Vista (1847)
and gained the rank of captain, 1853;
employed in Texas, 1856-1860; in
1861 appointed colonel of the fifth
United States cavalry and in August
became a brigadier-general of vol-
unteers; ordered to Kentucky in
September, obtained command of a
division of the army of Buell and
defeated General Zollikoffer near
Mill Spring, January 18, 1862; in
April, 1862, he was raised to rank
of major-general and in May he ob-
tained command of five divisions,
forming the right wing of Halleck's
army operating against Corinth;
was second in command of the army
of the Ohio, September, 1862; took
part at Battle of Stone River, De-
cember 31, 1862, to January 2, 1863;
Chattanooga, September 9, and bat-
tle of Chickamauga, September 19
and 20; he succeeded Rosecrans as
commander-in-chief of the army of
the Cumberland on October 19,
1863, and was appointed brigadier-
general of the regular army in the
698
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
same month; served under Sherman
in campaign against Atlanta, May,
1864, and took part in the battles
at Dallas and Kenesaw Mountain
and defeated Hood at Nashville, De-
cember 15, 1864; soon after this vic-
tory, was appointed a major-gen-
eral in the regular army; was of-
fered the brevet of lieutenant-gen-
eral and of general in 1868 by Presi-
dent Johnson but declined the com-
pliment; died at San Francisco,
March 28, 1870
In Mexican War, 24, 554; early
army comrade of Lee, 760; at Stone
River, 774; saves Federal victory
at Chickamauga, 784; his general-
ship, 784; in Sherman's march to
Atlanta, 794; sent to oppose Hood,
803; estimate of, 804
Thomas, Jesse B. (1777-1850), Amer-
ican politician: proposes Missouri
Compromise, 23, 455
Thomas, Junker (16th century), com-
mandant of Abo: sketch of, 16, 154
Thomason, James (1804-1853), Brit-
ish statesman: his services in India,
5, 223
Thompson, Sir Augustus Rivers (d.
1890), British statesman: sketch of,
5, 262
Thompson, David (ca. 1600), Ameri-
can colonist: settles New Hamp-
shire, 23, 95
Thompson, George (19th century),
British abolitionist: mobbed in Bos-
ton (1834), 24, 575
Thompson, Jacob (ca. 1600), Ameri-
can statesman: influence over Bu-
chanan, 24, 696; resigns from Cabi-
net, 704
Thomson, Charles (ca. 1730-1824),
American patriot: organizes first
United States Congress, 23, 341
Thomson, Joseph (1857-1895), Scot-
tish explorer: his work in Africa,
19, 155, 239
Thorbecke, Jan Rudolph (1 796-1 872),
Dutch statesman: career of, 13, 314
Thorberg, Peace of, a treaty conclud-
ed between Austria and Switzerland
(1368), 13, 378
Thorgny (10th century A. D.), Swed-
ish layman: compels Olaf Skat-Ko-
nung to yield, 16, 59
Thorismond (Thorismund) (d. 452 A.
D.), King of the Goths: proclaimed
king, 18, 42; reign of, 8, 38
Thorleif the Wise (10th century A.
D.), Norwegian scholar: his knowl-
edge of law, 16, 47
Thorn, Prussia: taken by the Swedes
( l 73)t 16, 216; taken by the Rus-
sians (1758), 15, 148; taken by the
Prussians (1793), 189
Thorn, Treaty of, a treaty concluded
between the Teutonic Knights and
Poland (1466), 15, 376, 18, 216
Thornton, Sir Edward (d. 1817), Eng-
lish diplomat: proposes joint High
Commission for Alabama claims,
24, 883
Thorolf-Mostrar-Skegg (9th century
A. D.), Norwegian outlaw: account
of his settlement of Iceland, 16, 45
" Thorough Scheme," a policy adopted
by the radicals in the Congress of the
United States (1866), 24, 846
Thorstein (10th century A. D.), Earl
of the Orkneys: harasses Scotland,
12, 255
Thorstein Eriksson (nth century A.
D.), Norse explorer: in Vinland, 16,
49
Thorwald Eriksson (nth century A.
D.), Norse explorer: in Vinland, 16,
49
Thorwardr: see Truvor
Thothmes I, King of Egypt, ca. 1535
B. C. : reign of, 1, 22
Thothmes III, King of Egypt, 15th
century B. C. : reign of, I, 23
Thothmes IV, King of Egypt, ca. 1435
B. C. : reign of, I, 23
Thou, Christopher de (1 508-1 582),
French judge: approves the Massa-
cre of Saint Bartholomew, 9, 158
Thou, Frangois Auguste de (1609-
1642), French politician: death of,
9, 195
Thou, Jacques Auguste de (1553-
1617), French historian and states-
man: draws up the Edict of Nantes,
9, I7i
GENERAL INDEX
699
Thouret, Jacques Gillaume (1746-
1794), French legislator and political
writer: dismisses the national as-
sembly, 9, 271; death of, 289
Thrace, country of southeastern Eu-
rope: conquered by the Persians, 1,
166; assigned to Lysimachus, 2,
512; Antiochus invades, 3, 143; be-
comes part of province of Macedo-
nia, 257; occupied by Turks, 14, 32
Thracian Chersonese, peninsula be-
tween the Hellespont and the Gulf
of Melas: Ottomans settle in, 14,
27
Thracians, inhabitants of Thrace, liv-
ing between the Nestus and the
Styrmon: slay Aristagoras, 2, 136;
defeat the Athenians, 236
Thrasybulus (ca. 580 B. C), ruler of
Miletus: sends message to Perian-
der, 2, 93
Thrasybulus (d. ca. 389 B. C), Athe-
nian commander and statesman: at
Samos, 2, 359; at Cyziceis, 364; ex-
iled, 384; leads attack on the tyrants,
386; his victory, 387; death of, 404
Thrasydaeus (5th century B. C), Si-
cilian ruler: tyrant of Acragas, 2,
219
Thranyllus (d. 406 A. D.),- Athenian
commander: general at Samos, 2,
'359; taken Colophon, 367
Three Collections, The, a collection
of Buddha's teachings: description
of, 5, 60
Three Emperors, Battle of the: see
Austerlitz: battle of
Three Emperors, League of the, alli-
ance between Germany, Austria,
and Russia (1872), 14, 474
Three F's Act, the second Irish land
bill proposed by Gladstone (1870),
12, 239 note
Three Henries, War of the, waged in
France between the Catholics and
Calvinists, 9, 161
Three Kingdoms, The, in China, 6, 13
Three Old Ports of the Spanish Main,
21, 318
Three Rocks, Ireland: battle of
(1798), 12, 211
Three Years' War of Reform, The, a
war waged in Mexico (1858-1861),
22, 383
Throgmorton, Francis ' (16th cen-
tury) : reveals Spanish plot to in-
vade England, II, 292
Thucydides (ca. 491-401 B. C), Greek
statesman and historian: on Ho-
meric kingdoms, 2, 34; commands
Athenian squadron, 314
Thucydides (5th century B. C), son
of Melesias, Athenian statesman:
opposes Pericles, 2, 256; exiled, 257
Thugut, Baron Franz Maria von
(i739-i8i8), Austrian diplomat and
politician: interviews the Reis Ef-
fendi, 14, 332; interprets treaty of
Kainardji, 341; career of, 17, 287
Thule, the name given by Pytheas of
Marseilles to a region or icland
north of Great Britain, the position
of which has been for more than
two thousand years the subject uf
investigation and a matter of con-
troversy, 16, 4, 297
Thun, Count Franz Anton (1847 ),
Austrian statesman: made premier
of Austria, 17, 435
Thun, Count Leo (1811-1888), Aus-
trian statesman: summons the diet
of the kingdom, 17, 365
Thunder, The Duke of: see Nelson,
Horatio
Thunderbolt, The: see Stephen II,
King of Hungary
Thuresson, Thure (15th century),
Scandinavian soldier, called the
Peasants' Butcher: cruelties of, 16,
134
Thurii (Thurium), an ancient city of
Italy: founded, 2, 260; aids Athens,
342; at war with the Lucanians,
414; taken from Sparta, 479; at-
tacked by Lucanians, 3, 74
Thiiring von Hallwil (15th century),
Austrian statesman: made governor
of Zurich, 13, 400
Thuringia, a region in central Ger-
many: divided between the Franks
and the Saxons, 18, 60; status of,
66; peasant war in, 243
Thuriot de la Rosiere (d. 1829),
French lawyer and Jacobin: at the
700
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
siege of the Bastile, 10, 63; sketch
of, 66 note; demands the abolition
of the commission of twelve, 258
Thurman, Allen Granbery (1813-
1895), American statesman and ju-
rist: in Democratic Convention, 24,
800; in Congress (1869), 862; mem-
ber of the Electoral Commission,
913 note; nominated for Vice-Presi-
dent, 965
Thurn, Count Heinrich Matthias von
(1580-1640), Bohemian Protestant
leader: leads conspiracy, 17, 20;
leads revolution in Bohemia, 18,
268; defeated by Wallenstein, 286
Thurston, Abbot of Glastonbury (nth
century), Norman monk: orders
English monks to be shot, II, 76
Thusnelda, German princess: marries
Hermann, 18, 17; taken captive by
Romans, 20
Thyra (9th century A. D.), Queen of
Denmark, wife of Gorm the Old:
sketch of, 16, 28
Thyra (d. 1000 A. D.), Queen of
Norway, wife of Olaf Trygvasson:
death of, 16, 56
Thyrea, Greece: given to the Aegine-
tans, 2, 281; taken from Sparta, 479
Ti, King of Egypt, ca. 26th century
B. C. : reign of, 1, 16
Tiberias, Palestine: siege of (67 A.
D.), 1, 411; battle of (1187), 9,
75
Tiberius (I) Claudius Nero Caesar
(42 B. C.-37 A. D.), Emperor of
Rome, 14-37 A. D. : invades Arme-
nia, 4, 39; campaigns of, in Gaul,
42; campaign against the Marco-
manni, 17, 13; campaign of, against
the Germans, 18, 15; invades Arme-
nia, 4, 39; account of ancestry, 41;
disgraced, 43; adopted by Augustus
as his son, 43; celebrates his tri-
umph over the Pannonians, 45;
recalls Germanicus, 18, 21; reign of,
4, 46; death, 54; condition of Spain
under, 8, 25
Tiberius, The French: see Louis XI,
King of France
Tiberius Gemellus (19-37 A. D.), Ro-
man prince: sketch of, 4, 53; death
of, 56
Tibet, central Asia: opening of, 5, 297,
377; disputes between China and
Great Britain concerning, 6, 316
Tibni ben Ginath (ca. 8th century B.
C.)> Hebrew usurper: claims throne
of Israel, 1, 390
Tibur, Italy: war with Rome, 3, 64
Ticino Question, The, the decision
of the line of demarcation between
the functions of the canton and the
confederation in Switzerland, 13,
58i
Ticonderoga, New York: built, 23,
184; English fail to capture (1758),
189; captured by the English
(i759)> 193; captured by the Amer-
icans under Ethan Allen (1775), 11,
515, 23, 228; recaptured by Bur-
goyne (1777), 23, 252
Tie-ling, Manchuria: captured by Jap-
anese, 7, 313
Tien-chwang-tai: destroyed by the
Japanese, 7, 272
Tientsin, China: massacre at, 6, 223;
convention at (1885), 7, 256; at-
tacked by allied forces (1900), 24,
1047; invested by troops (1900), 6,
281, 7, 280; foreigners refuse escort
to, 301; rescue party from, reaches
Peking, 303
Tientsung, Manchu ruler, 1626-1643,
Emperor of China, 1635-1643: ac-
count of, 6, 46
Tiflis, Czar of: see Heraclius of Geor-
gia
Tiglath-Pileser I (12th century B.
C.)> King of Assyria: reign of, 1,
79; subjugates the Kommagenians,
142
Tiglath-Pileser III, King of Assyria,
744-727 B. C: reign of, I, 82; con-
quers Musre, 86; invades Israel,
393; conquests of, in Syria, 393;
captures Aradus, 2, 78
Tigranes I, King of Armenia, 96-55
B. C: unites Armenia, 3, 213; in-
crease of his power, 257; Lucullus
defeats, 258; rupture with Mithra-
dates, 273; war with Pompey, 273
GENERAL INDEX
701
Tihoo, Central America: battle of
(1542), 22, 425
Tik Ho (16th century), Chinese of-
ficer: his campaign against the Jap-
anese, 7, 120
Tilden, Samuel Jones, an American
governor: born at New Lebanon,
New York, February 9, 1814; was
, educated at Yale College and New
York University; became a promi-
nent lawyer and Democratic poli-
tician of New York; he was Gov-
ernor of New York State, 1875-
1876, and Democratic candidate for
President of United States in 1876,
but the result of the election be-
coming a matter of dispute and be-
ing referred to a commission ap-
pointed by Congress the Presidency
was given to Mr. Hayes; died at
Graystone, New York, August 4,
1886
In Democratic convention, 24,
800; elected governor of New York,
897; early career, 908; nominated
for President (1876), 909; election
of 1876 claimed for, 909; declines
Democratic nomination, 930
Tilley, Samuel Leonard (19th cen-
tury), Canadian statesman: at the
Quebec convention, 20, 165
Tilly, Johann Tzerklas, Count von
' (1559-1632), military commander on
the Catholic side in the Thirty
Years' War: account of, 18, 272;
in the Thirty Years' War, 9, 190;
crushes rebellion of the Count of
Mansfeld and Christian of Bruns-
wick (1622), 13, 204; defeated at
Breitenfeld (1631), 181; ravages
Protestant districts of southern
Germany, 201; death of, 18, 282
Tilsit, Peace of, treaty between
France and Russia, concluded
(1807), 8, 485, 9, 331, 10, 471, 11,
559, 14, 403, 15, 215, 16, 251, 18,
374
Tiltoni (contemporary), Italian
statesman: ably manages foreign
relations, 4, 406
Timbuktu, northern Africa: descrip-
tion of, 19, 149; occupied by the
French, 152
Timmerman, Antony (d. 1583), Do-
minican monk: plots death of Wil-
liam of Orange, 13, 138
Timocrates (4th century B. C), Gre-
cian diplomat: aids Persian suprem-
acy in Asia Minor, 2, 395
Timolaus (5th century B. C), a Co-
rinthian: advice of, 2, 399
Timoleon (d. ss7 or 336 B. C),
Corinthian general: liberates Sicily,
2, 417, 418; slays his brother, 453
Timophanes (ca. 360 B. C), Corin-
thian tyrant: death of, 2, 453
Timotheus (4th century B. C.), Athe-
nian commander: at Corcyra, 2,
430; fails at Chios, 454
Timur (Timour or Timur-leng [Timur
the Lame], corrupted to Tamer-
lane) (ca. 1336-1405), Tartar con-
queror, called the Mongolian Bona-
. parte: born at Kesh, in Independ-
ent Tartary in 1336; was of Mongol
extraction and a descendant of Jen-
gis Khan; in 1361 he supported the
cause of Husein, Khan of Northern
Khorassan, against several neigh-
boring tribes and in this war re-
ceived a wound in the thigh: he
afterwards quarreled with Husein,
took Balkh, his capital (1369), and
caused himself to be proclaimed
Khan of Jagatai; he successively
brought into subjection Khorassan,
the principal part of Persia, and Ar-
menia, and in 1387 turned his arms
against Toktamish-Khan in west-
ern Tartary whom he defeated: Ti-
mur's capital was Samarcand; hav-
ing taken Bagdad and Damas-
cus, subdued Georgia and advanced
as far as Moscow, he next invaded
India, where in 1398 he gained a
signal victory near Delhi over the
forces of Mahmud, then Emperor
of Delhi; in 1402 met the famous
Bayezid, Sultan of Turkey, in An-
gora, and after one of the most
sanguinary battles on record took
the sultan prisoner; he was prepar-*
702
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
ing for the invasion of China when
he died on his march in 1405
Attacks Egypt, 1, 36; invades
Persia, 5, 337; invades India, 104;
defeats the Turks, 14, 5; account of,
46; death of, 51
Timur ben Balkin (nth century),
King of Malaga: dethroned, 8, 89
Tinchebrai, France: battle of (1106),
11, 89
Ting, Admiral (d. 1895), Chinese naval
commander: at the battle of the
Yalu River, 6, 268; suicide of, 270
Ting Ju-Chang, Admiral, Chinese
naval commander: at battle of Wei-
hai-Wei (1895), 7, 270
Ting Yuch'wan (17th century), Chi-
nese artist: sketch of, 6, 39
Tinghai or Tinghae, in the island of
Chusan, China: recapture of, 6, 138
Tini (This), Egypt: location of, 1, 6
Tippecanoe, river in Indiana: battle of
the (1811), 24, 416, 525
" Tippecanoe and Tyler too," a cam-
paign song in the Presidential elec-
tion of the United States (1841), 24,
524
Tippermuir, Scotland: battle of (1644),
12, 340
Tippoo Sahib or Tipu Saib (1749-
!799)> Sultan of Mysore: ravages
the Carnatic, 9, 256; concludes peace
with the English, 5, 194; conspires
against the English, 197; death of,
20, 145
Tirah Campaign, a campaign in India
against the Waziris, the Swatis and
the Mohmands (1897), 5, 278
Tirano, Switzerland: battle of (1620),
13, 463
Tirconnell, Richard Talbot, Earl of:
see Talbot, Richard, Earl of Tir-
connell
Tirhakah: see Taharka
Tiribazus (4th century B. C), satrap
of Lydia: accession of, 2, 403; ar-
ranges for peace between Greece
and Persia, 405
Tirnova (Tirnovo), Bulgaria: surren-
der of (1389), 14, 34
Tirol (17th century), Mexican officer:
arrests De la Serna, 22, 156
Tiryns, an ancient city of Greece:
archaeological remains of, 2, 22; im-
portance in prehistoric Greece, 49
Tirzah, Asia Minor: siege of, 1, 390
Tisamenus, leader of the Achaians: in
Dorian legend, 2, 48
Tissaphernes (d. 395 B. C.)> Persian
satrap: aids the Spartans, 2, 352; in-
trigues with Alcibiades, 354; im-
prisons Alcibiades, 364; superseded
by Cyrus, 369; returns to Asia
Minor, 390; besieges Cyme, 391; exe-
cuted, 394
Tissowski (19th century), Russian
revolutionary leader: leads the Cra-
cow revolutionists, 15, 300
Tisza, Count (contemporary) Hun-
garian statesman: son of preceding:
made premier of Hungary, 17, 443;
resigns, 445
Tisza von Borosjeno, Koloman (1830-
1902), Hungarian statesman: directs
affairs in Hungary, 17, 429; resigns,
430
Tite, Prince: see George II, King of
England
Tithe Act, in Ireland (1838), 11, 596
Tithe War, a rising of the Irish
against paying tithes (1830-1838),
12, 224
Tithes in France: abolition of, 10, 109
Tithing-Man, an official of the New
England colonies: duties of, 23, 146
Tithraustes (4th century B. C), Sa-
trap of Asia Minor: accession of, 2,
394
Tities, an ancient Latium people of
Sabellion stock: settle on the Tiber,
3, 9
Titus (Titus Flavius Sabinus Vespa-
sianus) (40-81 A. D.), Roman em-
peror, called the Delight of Man-
kind: appointed consul, 4, 74; be-
sieges Jerusalem, 1, 411, 4, 79; con-
dition of Spain under, 8, 26; reign
of, 4, 82
Tjumen (Tyumen, Tiumen), Siberia:
founded, 16, 317
Tlascalans (Tlaxcalans, Tlaxcaltecs),
a tribe of Mexican Indians: become
hostile to the Spaniards, 22, 19
Tnephakhthos : see Tefnekht
GENERAL INDEX
703
Toba, Japan: battle of, 7, 168
Toba (12th century), Emperor of Ja-
pan: intrigues of, 7, 55; death of, 56
Tobacco: introduced into Turkey, 14,
212; industry in Virginia, 23, 61,
136; made a government monopoly
in New Spain, 22, 202
Tobago, an island of the British West
Indies: ceded to England, 20, 120;
restored to France (1783), 128; an-
nexed to Trinidad, 246
Tobiesen (19th century), Arctic ex-
plorer; explorations of (1863), 16,
315
Tobolsk, Siberia: founded, 16, 317
Todar Mall, Raja (16th century), In-
dian financier: services of, 5, 112,
116
Todleben (Totleben), Franz Eduard
(1818-1884), Russian general and
engineer: in the Crimean War, 11,
616, 15, 312; his campaign against
Turkey, 15, 335
Todleben, Gottlieb Heinrich (1710-
T-772>)> Russian soldier: in the cam-
paign, of 1760, 15, 149
Toekoeli, Emerich (17th century),
Hungarian revolutionist: leads
Hungarian insurrection, 17, 229
Toghrul (Togrul, Togril) (d. ca.
1063), founder of the Seljirk dynasty
in Persia: conquests of, 5, 330; Sel-
jirkian Turks powerful under, 14,
10
Togo, Heihachiro (1857 ), Japa-
nese admiral: in Russo-Japanese
War, 7, 303, 15, 362
Togoland, Africa: condition of, 19,
179, 20, 300; made a German pro-
tectorate, 19, in
Tokoly, Count Emeric: see Tekeli
Tokugawa Hidetada (early 17th cen-
tury), Japanese ruler: concludes
peace with Korea, 7, 121; reign of,
as shogun, 127
Tokugawa Iyeharu, Japanese court-
officer, 1761-1787: reign of, as sho-
gun, 7, 149
Tokugawa Iyemitsu, Japanese court-
officer, 1624-1651: character of, 7,
127
Tokugawa Iyemochi, Japanese court-
officer, 1857-1866: accession of, 7,
158; marriage of, 161; visits Kyoto,
162; death of, 166
Tokugawa Iyenari, Japanese court-of-
ficer, 1787-1837: reign of, as shogun,
7, 149
Tokugawa Iyesada, Japanese court-of-
ficer, 1854-1857: reign of, as shogun,
7, 156
Tokugawa Iyeshige, Japanese court-
officer, 1745-1761: reign of, as sho-
gun, 7, 149
Tokugawa Iyetsuna, Japanese court-
officer: shogunate of, 7, 140
Tokugawa Iyeyasu (Ieyasu) (d. 1616),
Japanese shogun, 1603-1605: rebels
against Hashiba Hideyoshi, 7, 113;
member of council of state, 114;
sketch of, 122; death of, 127; en-
courages literature, 141
Tokugawa Nariakira (Rekko) (mid-
dle of the 19th century), Japanese
statesman: urges a policy of na-
tional seclusion, 7, 156
Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Japanese
court-officer: shogunate of, 7, 140
Tokugawa Yoshimune, Japanese
court-officer, 1716-1745: reign of, as
shogun, 7, 144
Tokugawa Yoshinobu, Japanese court-
officer, 1866-1867: his succession
discussed, 7, 158; his reign, as
shogun, 166
Tokunegi, Korea: captured by the
Japanese (1592), 7, 117
Tolbiac, Gaul: battles of (496 A. D.),
9, 19; (612 A. D.), 31
Toledo, Spain: conquered by the Sara-
cens (713 A. D.), 1, 314, 8, 51; sieges
of (736 A D.), 66; (854-859 A. D.),
74; (1083 A. D.), 143; battle of
(1 176), 98
Toledo, Ohio: Wayne's victory near
(1794), 23, 366; Lincoln makes
speech at, 24, 706
Toledo, Don Sebastian de, Marques
de Mancera, Spanish statesman,
viceroy of New Spain, 1664-1673:
administration of, 22, 172
Tolentino, Italy: battle of (1815), 9,
362, 17, 314
Tolentino, Treaty of, a peace between
704
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
the Pope and the French republic
(1797): account of, 9, 302
Toleration, Edict of, a bill granting
to Lutherans, Calvinists, and non-
Uniate Greeks (1781), 17, 266
Toleration Act, a bill passed in Mary-
land, granting freedom of worship
to all persons professing Christian-
ity (1649), 23, 71
Toleration Act, a bill giving to Dis-
senters in England the legal right
to worship publicly (1689), II, 435
Toll, Baron von (contemporary), Si-
berian explorer: explorations of, 16,
3i8
Tolmides (5th century B. C.) Athe-
nian naval officer: harries Messenia,
2, 246; slain at Coroneia, 248
Tolomi, Mexico: battle of (1832), 22,
271
Tolosa, Las Navas de, Spain: battle
of (1212), 8, 101, 148, 204, 238
Tolstoi, Count Dmitri (late 19th cen-
tury), Russian statesman: policy of,
15, 341
Tolstoi, Count Leo Nikolaivitch
(1828 ), Russian novelist and
social reformer: his description of
the battle of Borodino, 15, 227; at
Tchernya, 321; his relations with
the government, 355
Tolstoi, Count Peter (d. 1728), Rus-
sian statesman: brings Alexis back
to Moscow, 15, 75; accompanies
Peter to Persia, 79; in the supreme
privy council, 95
Tome, South America: declared to be
in a state of blockade (1865), 21,
221
Tommasso (early 16th century), Ital-
ian scholar: mentioned, 4, 299
Tompkins, Daniel D. (1774-1825),
American statesman: nominated for
Vice-President, 23, 434
Tomu-cheng, Manchuria: captured by
the Japanese (1894), 7, 268; battle
of (1904), 7, 3io
Tonchin (17th century), Swiss linguist
and theologian: sketch of, 13, 482
Tone, Matthew (d. 1798), Irish patri-
otic leader, brother of T. W. Tone:
death of, 12, 214
Tone, Theobald Wolfe (1763-1798),
Irish' politician and revolutionist:
founds society of United Irishmen,
11, 545; sketch of, 12, 198; plans
French invasion of Ireland, 207;
death of, 214
Tonga Treaty, agreement by which
British suzerainty was established
in Africa as far as the Portuguese
territory (1887), 19, 81
Tonghak Rebellion, revolt of a secret
faction in Japan: account of, 6, 265,
7, 257
Tongking (Tonkin), Farther India:
war in, 6, 247, 250; under French
rule, 20, 273
Tonningen (Tonning), Slesvig-Hol-
stein: siege of (1700), 16, 214
Tooke, Home (John Home) (1736-
1812), English politician and phi-
lologist: trial of, 11, 543
Toombs, Robert (1810-1885), Ameri-
can politician: opposes slavery pro-
hibition in Territories, 24, 595; Con-
federate Secretary of State, 694;
votes against Crittenden's compro-
mise measures, 701; opposes pro-
ject to attack Fort Sumter, 710
Topal Osman (Osman Pasha) (d.
I733)> Turkish soldier: his campaign
against the Persians, 5, 351; res-
cues Bagdad, 14, 295; death of, 298
Topeka, Kansas: meeting of Free Soil
convention, 24, 649
Toral (19th century), Spanish general:
surrenders Santiago (1898), 22, 460
Tordenskjold (Tordenskiold), Peder
Vessel (18th century), Danish naval
commander: searches for Charles
XII of Sweden, 15, 64, 16, 222;
sketch of, 16, 237
Tordesillas, Treaty of, a treaty be-
tween Spain and Portugal (1494), 5.
146, 20, 43, 23, 33
Torgau, Saxony: battle of (1760), 9,
246, 18, 341
Torgau, Alliance of, a league formed
at Torgau (1526) by Saxony and
Hesse and other Protestant powers
against the Roman Catholic States,
18, 245
Torghud: see Dragut
GENERAL INDEX
705
Tories, members of royalist party in
England and America: origin of the
term, II, 409; in American colonies,
23, 294, 295
Torkel, Knutsson (late 13th century),
Scandinavian soldier: regency of,
16, 106
Tormasov, General (early 19th cen-
tury), Russian military officer: his
campaign against France (1812), 15,
219
Tornory, Paul (16th century), Arch-
bishop of Kalosca: at the battle of
Mohacs, 17, 169
Torone, Macedonia: founded, 2, 79;
revolts from Athens, 314; retaken
by Cleon, 316
Toronto, Ontario, Canada: burned by
Americans (1813), 23, 425; British
retaliate for burning of, 427
Torquatus, Titus Manlius, Roman dic-
tator, 208 B. C: at battle of Tri-
fanum, 3, 67
Torre, Baron della (19th century),
governor of Novara, Italy: reestab-
lishes regal power in Turin, 4, 356
Torre, Martin della (13th century)
Italian chief of Milan: accession of
4, 217
Torrens, Henry Whitelock (1806-
1852), Anglo-Indian statesman: sec
retary to Lord Auckland, 5, 215
Torres (19th century), Colombian pa-
triot: death of, 21, 65
Torres Vedras, lines of fortifications
in Portugal: battle of (1810), 9, 338
Torres y Rueda, Marcos (17th cen-
tury), Bishop of Yucatan: made
viceroy of New Spain, 22, 167
Torrey, Charles (19th century), Amer-
ican abolitionist: aids slaves to es-
cape, 24, 617
Torrices (19th century), South Amer-
ican statesman: aids Bolivar, 21, 60;
death of, 65
Torrico, Juan Crisostomo (19th cen-
tury), South American soldier: pro-
claims himself dictator of Peru
(1842), 21, 196
Torrington, Arthur Herbert, Earl of:
see Herbert, Arthur, Earl of Tor-
rington
Torstensson (Torstenson), Lennart,
Count of Ortala (1603-1651), Swed-
ish soldier: in the Thirty Years'
War, 16, 187, 17, 212, 18, 291; re-
signs the command, 16, 188
Tortona, Italy: surrenders to Fred-
erick Barbarossa (1155), 4, 192, 18,
148; destruction of (1163), 18, 151
Tortosa, Spain: sieges of (804 A. D.),
8, 220; (1147), 236
Torn Hoshi (19th century), Japanese
statesman: influence of, 7, 222;
sketch of his career, 229
Tosa Mitsunobu (15th century), Japa-
nese painter: sketch of, 7, 105
Tosabo Shoshun (12th century), Japa-
nese soldier: sent to destroy Mina-
moto-no-Yoshitsune, 7, 66
Toscanelli, Paolo del Pozza (1397-
1482), Italian astronomer: his cor-
respondence with Columbus, 23, 27
Tostig (d. 1066), Earl of North-hum-
berland: appointed earl, 11, 63; al-
lies himself with Harold Hardrada,
65; killed at Stamford Bridge, 66
Totem Poles, used among American
Indians to denote clans: elaborately
decorated, 23, 14
Totila (Totilas) (d. 552 A. D.), an
East-Gothic King of Italy: reign of,
4, 160, 18, 49
Totonacs, a Mexican tribe: form an
alliance with Cortez, 22, 18
Tott, Baron Francois de (1733-1793),
French officer of Hungarian extrac-
tion: aids Turkey, 15, 180
Toul, France: siege of (1870), 18, 424
Toulon, France: battle of (1744), 9,
238; (1793), 10, 275, 18, 357
Toulouse, France: plundered by Clo-
vis, 18, 47; sieges of (721 A. D.), I,
335; (1216), 9, 78; battle of (1814),
8, 486, 532
Tourgots, Chinese tribe: flight of, 6,
89
Tourgueniev: see Turgeniev
Tournay, Belgium: siege of (1581),
13, 137; (i74S), 9, 239; battle of
(1794), 290
Tournon, Charles Maillard de (early
18th century), Papal legate: ap-
pointed legate from Rome to China,
706
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
6, 75; issues decree against Jesuits,
76; suspicious illness of, 76; death
of, 77
Touroon Shah (d. 1264), Sultan of
Egypt: last of Eyoub dynasty in
Egypt, 14, 128
Tours, France: battles of (507 A. D.),
8, 39, 9, 20; (1356), 9, 98, II, 164
Tours or Poictiers (Poitiers), Battle
of, fought at a place between Tours
and Poictiers (732 A. D.), I, 338, 8,
65, 9, 37, 14, 4, 18, 73
Tours, Truce of, between England
and France (1444), II, 206
Tourville, Anne Hilarion de Contentin,
Count of (1642-1701), French ad-
miral: his expedition against Eng-
land, 9, 219, 11, 438
Toussaint 1' Ouverture, Dominque
Frangois, a negro general and lib-
erator: born near Cap Frangois in
Hayti, in 1743; was descended from
an African prince; his parents were
both slaves and of pure negro
blood; he learned to read and write
and by his good conduct and intel-
ligence gained the confidence of his
master, who appointed him steward
of the implements employed in
making sugar; in August, 1791, be-
gan a general insurrection of the
slaves of Hayti, who massacred
many of the whites; was innocent
of these acts of cruelty and saved
the lives of his master's family;
after they had escaped from the
island he joined the army, which
was fighting for liberty; obtained
chief command of the negroes and
after the French Convention had
decreed the liberation of the slaves
(February, 1794), he fought against
the English and Spaniards and aid-
ed the French general, Laveaux, to
expel those invaders; he gained a
number of victories, and was ap-
pointed commander-in-chief by the
French Commissioner in 1796; re-
stored order and prosperity and un-
der his auspices a liberal constitu-
tion was formed and he was elected
president for life; Bonaparte sent
an army of about 35,000 men under
Leclerc to Hayti about the end of
1801 to subdue Toussaint, but
Toussaint defeated the French and
Leclerc resorted to negotiation and
offered the negroes their liberty;
these conditions were accepted by
Toussaint, who concluded a peace
and retired to his estate; he was
taken by treachery in June, 1802,
and carried to France and confined
in the dungeon in the castle of
Joux, near Besangon, where he died
in April, 1803; according to some
authorities he was starved to death
Leads insurrection in Hayti, 20,
138; made president of Hayti, 139;
death of, 140
Tovar, Manuel Felipe de (19th cen-
tury), Venezuelan statesman: elect-
ed president of Venezuela (i860),
31, 97
Tower of London: see London, Tower
of
Towns (Cities, Communes, Munici-
palities) :
AFRICA: destruction of Moorish
cities, 1, 308
ARABIA: Svrian, 1, 278
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY : staple
towns, 17, 97
DENMARK: origin of, 16, 77, 78
ENGLAND: early government in
the township, 11, 22; growth and
origin of, 52; growth in the 12th
century, 116; growth of London,
117; social conditions in the 13th
century, 133
FRANCE: revolt against feudal sys-
tem, 9, 67; rise of, 173; Huguenot,
196
GERMANY: free cities granted a
representation in the diet, 18, 167;
commercial unions of free cities,
174; the League of Marbach, 199;
influence of the free cities (ca. 1500),
229
GREECE: Cretan, 3, 19; Athens,
152
ITALY: growth of republicanism in
cities, 4, 186; opposition to the em-
pire, 191, 202; status of (ca. 1200),
GENERAL INDEX
707
206; government of, 209; fall under
the yoke of some leading citizen,
216; Florence and Pisa jn the Mid-
dle Ages, 225; Genoa and Venice in
the Middle Ages, 238; Naples and
Florence (1282-1494), 257; Genoa in
the 16th century, 305
NETHERLANDS: maritime towns
in Brabant, 13, 28; development of,
30; military organization of, 31;
Bruges, 32; Ghent, 32; of Flanders,
36, 41; declaration for liberty, 113;
independence of, 222
ROME: Latin, 3, 83; conditions in
the city of Rome (264 B. C), 95
SWITZERLAND: rise of, 13, 353;
[ join the Emperor against the aris-
tocracy, 358; alliance of, 372; strug-
gles in Zurich against the aristoc-
racy, 37s; league of, 411; power of,
413; condition of, 451; increased
privileges of, 468
UNITED STATES: unit of gov-
ernment in New England, 23, 122;
1 town-meetings, 123; in the middle
colonies, 125
Townsend-Esch Bill, a bill proposing
to retain the Interstate Commerce
Commission and to clothe it with
power to regulate rates and sched-
ules (1904), 24, 1075
Townshend, Charles (1 725-1 767), Eng-
lish statesman: attempts to enforce
the Declaratory Act, 23, 215; suc-
ceeded by Lord North, 216; gets
the "bog act" passed, for the bene-
I fit of Irish Catholics, 12, 178; power
of, 11, 510; death of, 511
Townshend, Charles, Viscount Town-
shend (1674-1738), English states-
man: becomes Secretary of State,
11, 468; made Lord Lieutenant of.
Ireland, 472; resigns from office,
478
Townshend Acts, a bill taxing exports
of tea, paper, glass and painters'
colors from the American colonies
to England (1767): enacted, 20,
127, 23, 215; repealed (1770), 23,
216, 269
Towrson, William (16th century),
English trader: his voyages to
Africa, 19, 29
Towton, England: battle of (1461), 11,
213
Toyatomi Hidetsugu (late 16th cen-
tury), Japanese official: regency and
death of, 7, 121
Toyotomi Hideyori (early 16th cen-
tury), Japanese official: accession
of, to his father's position, 7, 121;
regency of, 123; influence of, 125
Toyotomi Hideyoshi (originally Tok-
ichi, then Hashiba, then Kinoshita)
(16th century), Japanese soldier:
guards the shogun, 7, 111; crushes
rebellion of Akechi Mitsuhide, 112;
sketch of, 113
Trade, Board of: see Lords of Trade
and Plantations
Trade and Commerce:
AFRICA: by Venetians, 19, 16;
English ventures, 28, 31, 84; under
the Dutch, 30; under Germany, 31;
under the French, 19, 32, 20, 283;
English monopoly, 19, 33; African
Company, 36, 38; slave-trade, 38, 40,
44, 106, 115, 121, 165; Austrian at-
tempts, 39; of Portugal, 19, 39,
20, 35, 46; value of, 19, 46; by
Arabs, 58, 121; Portugal and Eng-
land, 76; competition in, 78; in Zan-
zibar, 87, 127; by the Germans, 92,
107, 139, 144; by German mission-
aries, 95; Guinea Coast, 106; in
Congo Free State, 124; along the
Niger, 152, 156; under the United
African Company, 154; Royal Niger
Company, 156; with Gambia, 162;
across the Sahara, 169; freedom of,
in West Africa, 177; "Plantation
Company," 179; in Togobnd, 180; in
Tunis, 265; in the south, 19, 309,
20, 225; condition and prospect of,
19. 312
AUSTRALIA: in wool, 20, 186; in
wheat, 195
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY : Vienna
aided by Leopold the Proud, 17, 93;
under Leopold VI, 96; growth of
Triest, 262; under Joseph II, 269;
present status, 450
708
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
BABYLONIA and ASSYRIA: ac-
count of, I, 112
CAPE BRETON ISLAND: fish-
ing, 20, 87; terms of treaty with
England, 141; West River, 168
CHINA: by Portuguese, 6, 32, 20,
46; with England under Queen Eliz-
abeth, 6, 107; with England under
Charles I, 107, 127; treatment of
foreign traders, 109; opium trade,
128, 130; embargo removed, 129;
prohibition of, 129, 130, 136;
policy of England, 273; provision
regarding Manchuria, 314
CUBA: sugar, tobacco, 20, 325;
with United States, 487
DENMARK, growth under Chris-
tian III, 16, 196
EGYPT: during the Old Empire, 1,
58; in Alexandria, 331
ENGLAND: in ancient Britain, 11,
8; growth under Henry I, 91; in-
crease of, 117; under Edward III,
159; under Henry VII, 230; monopo-
lies, 304, 315; disputes with Dutch,
364, 386; East India Company, 501;
Pitt's proposal, 530; treaty with
France, 530; impulse to, 532; effect
of Continental system, 8, 484, 11,
560; revival of, 11, 575; proposition
of free trade, 601; Commercial
Treaty with France, 621; no cotton
from United States, 623; whale fish-
eries, 16, 304; with the East, 20, 59,
62; with West Indies, 78; Hudson
Bay Company, 16, 305, 20, 86, 169;
treatment of colonies, 20, 89; com-
panies, 102; with Pennsylvania, 108;
plan for colonies, 126; in slaves, 238
EUROPE: with India, 20, 11; with
colonies, 22; influence of science,
122
FRANCE: depressed, 9, 97; in-
crease of, 117; monopolies abolished,
200; free circulation of corn pro-
hibited, 252; free-trade in grain, 9,
253. 10, 33; increase of, 10, 424; un-
der Napoleon, 446; treaty with
England, 9, 451; no cotton from
United States, 453; extension of free
trade, 454; in French possessions,
20, 72, 79, 270
GREECE: Aegean peoples, 2, 22;
in age of Greek colonization, 78; ef-
fect of tyranny on, 95; Ionian ac-
tivity in, 114; merchant navy of
modern Greece, 549, 550
GERMANY: special ministry for,
established, 18, 328; treaty with the
United States, 345; under the Em-
pire, 443; new treaties, 451
INDIA: influence of caste, 5, 78; in
ancient times, 138; English East In-
dia Company, 158; General So-
ciety or English Company, 158; the
Assada Merchants, 158; the London
Company, 158; Company of Mer-
chant adventurers, 158; The United
Company of Merchants of England
trading to the East Indies, 159; un-
der the Dutch, 5, 162; 20, 291;
under the English, 5, 162; under
the Company, 163; French East In-
dia Companies, 169, 170; Company
of the West, 170; The Perpetual
Company of the Indies, 170; Danish
East India Company, 171; The Com-
pany of Scotland trading to Africa
and the Indies, 171 Ostend Com-
pany, 171, 173, 175; Austrian Orien-
tal Trading Company, 173; Asiatic
Trading Company, 174; The Ben-
gal Company of Embden, 174, 175;
Swedish Company, 175; Prussian
Company, 175; the open door, 177;
after the Mutiny, 254; increase of,
290; by Italian cities, 23, 22; by
Portuguese, 20, 40, 41, 42, 23, 25;
freedom of, 20, 141
IRELAND: with North America,
12, 180; encouraged, 190; with Eng-
land, 193
ITALY: of Italian cities, 4, 208, 20,
14; Genoa, 4, 241, 5, 141; Venice, 4,
245, 5, 141; increase of, 4, 400.
JAPAN: progress of, 7, 81; with
China, 101; with the Portuguese, 7,
104, 20, 47; with Korea, 7, 134, 296;
under the Dutch, 134, 139; nature of,
135; exclusion of, 139; relations with
United States, 155, 157, 158; East-
ern, 241; increase of, 244, 247; con-
dition of, 248
MEXICO: under Spain, a, 53, 22,
GENERAL INDEX
709
101; increase of, 132; contraband
173; oriental, 184, 191; by Count Re-
villa-Gigedo, 198; under Bucareli,
208; internal, 225; decline of, 230;
development of, 404; rise of, 413
NETHERLANDS: of Flanders, 13,
25; growth of, 30; with England, 33,
51; of Holland, 36; between Flan-
ders and England, 37; in southern
provinces, 53; in wool, 58; expan-
sion of, 166; decline of, 167; Dutch
East India Company, 167, 320; su-
premacy of, 168; monopolies, 221;
reestablished, 252; effect of Con-
tinental System on Holland, 269; in
northern provinces, 294; in Belgium,
294; increase in, 319; modern condi-
tion of, 322; whale fisheries, 16,
304, 305; with East, 20, 55, 61, 73,
79, 113; with Brazil, 59, 70; with
West Indies, 78
NORWAY: treaties, 16, 262
PERSIA: left to the subjects of the
empire, I, 179; with England, 5,
354; contest between Russia and
England for commercial privileges
in, 369
PORTUGAL: under Maria I, 8,
476; in colonies, 541; in slaves, 20,
46,' 48
ROME: in the 1st century B. C,
3, 246
RUSSIA: railways through Man-
churia, 6, 308; cause of policy to-
ward China, 308; encouraged by
Anna Leopoldovna, 15, 128; bureau
OI > 3575 encouraged by Peter the
Great, 20, 102; make settlements in
America for skin trade, 129
SCOTLAND: restrictions removed,
12, 357; Navigation Act, 357; effect
of Union, 12, 357, 377; freedom of,
374
SOUTH AMERICA: Jesuits in
Brazil, 20, 93; status in Colombia
(1873), 21, 91; status in Venezuela
(1862), 99; Buenos Ayres affected
by neighboring provinces, 129; be-
tween Paraguay and Brazil, 150,
161; between Paraguay and France,
England, Sardinia, and the United
States, 155; products of Brazil,
used in international commerce,
179; exploited by the government of
Peru, 199; Chili prefers trade with
Great Britain, 229; Chili exports
minerals, 242; Brazil with Germany,
251; importance of, 269; provisions
of International Conference, 278;
present status of Colombia, 302; fu-
ture possibilities of the Atlantic
coast, 330, 332
SPAIN: under Philip II, 8, 425; un-
der Philip IV, 376; contraband, 414;
impulse to, 428; with colonies, 8,
429, 491, 20, 103, 133
SWEDEN: decline of, 16, 224;
treaties, 260
SWITZERLAND: development of,
I3> 332; in towns, 354; freedom of,
415
TURKEY: opened with western
Europe, 14, 202; protected by Peace
of Pruth, 281
UNITED STATES: Henry VII
places first restriction on, 23, 34;
colonies with Spain, 44, 45; ham-
pered in New France, 51; in Virginia,
20, 24, 23, 61; policy of England to-
ward Virginia colonists, 23, 66;
Navigation Acts, 20, 108, 23, 67;
Carolinas, 23, 75; importance in
Massachusetts and Rhode Island,
101; New York, 107; in slaves, as
colonies, 20, 74, 23, 128; with West
Indies, 20, 77, 23, 134; New Eng-
land, 23, 134; middle colonies, 136;
southern colonies, 136; restriction
of, 202; smuggling, 205; decline of,
212; Boston Port Bill, 220, 222; non-
intercourse act, 224; effect of the
Revolution, 20, 128; power of States,
23, 305; order in council, 310; naviga-
tion act, 311; in slaves as states, 23,
329, 24, 531, 562, 570, 601; treaties
between United States and foreign
powers, 23, 347; increase of, 355;
American carriers benefited by An-
glo-French war, 360; French colo-
nies, 405; destruction of, 406; Jeffer-
son's embargo, 410; Rambouillet
Decree, 415; effect of war of 1812,
430; effect of free trade, 436; con-
sidered by Panama Congress, 468;
710
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
restriction of trade with West In-
dies, 471; reciprocity with England,
507; reciprocity with Canada, 24,
641; interrupted between North and
South, 678; blockade of South, 727;
Interstate Commerce Law, 917;
trusts, 971; liquor laws, 972;
amendment to Interstate Commerce
Act, 1050; department of Commerce
and Labor, 1051; Elkins Law, 1052;
Interstate Commerce Commission,
1075; Hay-Bond Commercial Reci-
procity Treaty, 1077; National Purv.
Food Law, 1082; Chicago packing
houses, 1083; Consular Service,
1084; Philippines, 20, 52, 313; Alas-
ka, 306; Porto Rico, 24, 1036, 1041
WEST INDIES: Barbados in su-
gar, 20, 70; growth of Jamaica's
trade with England and the Ameri-
can colonies, 71; privileges granted
in the English islands, 108; status
at close of 18th century, 242; pres-
ent status, 248
Trade and Plantations, Committee of,
a body of men appointed for gov-
erning English colonies: formed, 20,
89
Trafalgar Bay, near the Straits of Gi-
braltar: battle of (1805), 8, 484, 9,
326, 10, 463, 11, 557, 23, 406
Tragedy, the Greek: religious origin
of, 2, 41
Trajan (Marcus Ulpius Nerva Tra-
janus) (52-117 A. D.), Emperor of
Rome, 98-117 A. D.: adopted by
Nerva, 4, 87; reign of, 87; condition
of Spain under, 8, 26; his campaign
in the Danube valley, 17, 13; treat-
ment of Greece, 2, 523; death of, 4,
89
Tranquebar, Africa: founded, 5, 171
Transoxiana, Persia: conquest of, by
the Arabs, I, 265
Transportation :
AFRICA: caravans in Portuguese
West Africa, 19, 51; Congo rail-
road, 126; railroad from Senegal to
the Niger, 149, 152; Trans-Saharan
Railway, 168, 265; in Mombasa, 186;
Stevenson Road, 236; railroads in
Congo Free State, 251; railroad
along the Nile, 299; along the
Congo, 300; steamers, 300; rail-
roads in French Africa, 20, 282
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: improve-
ment of roads and canals under
Maria Theresa, 17, 262; construc-
tion of roads in Carniola, Croatia,
Bohemia, and Moravia, 289; con-
struction of railroads in Bosnia and
Herzegovina, 424
CANADA: under Lord Elgin, 20,
159; railway, 170; Grand Trunk, In-
tercolonial and Canadian Pacific
Railway, 176
CHINA: first railroad, 6, 243; rail-
road under Li Hung Chang, 244;
railroad from Peking to Canton,
275
CUBA: improvements under Ameri-
can protection, 22, 464
ENGLAND: in Chaucer's time, 11,
177; coaches, 419; canal, 533; first
steamboat, 589; Telford and Maca-
dam roads, 589; railroad between
Liverpool and Manchester, 590
FRANCE: under Napoleon, 10, 446;
railroads, 9, 482, 483
GERMANY: improvements under
Frederick the Great, 18, 333
INDIA: Anatolian Railroad, 5, 139;
Ganges Canal, 223; Lower Ganges
Canal, 223; Great Indian Peninsular
Railways, 223; Peninsular and Ori-
ental Steam Navigation Company,
224; steam communication with
England, 224; under Samuel Laing,
244; under Lord Lawrence, 246;
canals in the Punjab, 289; extension
of railroads, 289; connection with
famine, 387
IRELAND: in olden times, 12, 15
JAPAN: water-ways, 7, 145; rail-
roads, 6, 314, 7, 241
MEXICO: turnpikes of Guadalupe,
and San Cristoval constructed, 22,
144; Mexican Railroad, 403; devel-
opment of railways, 409, 417, 419
NETHERLANDS: roads and rail-
roads in Belgium, 13, 315
NEWFOUNDLAND: railroad, 20,
178
PERSIA: canals, 5, 320; under Ni-
GENERAL INDEX
711
zam-ul-Mulk, 331; first railroad,
364
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: roads,
20, 383; railroads, 384; electric
street railway in Manila, 385
PORTUGAL: colonial railroads, 8,
S4i
PRUSSIA: building of railroads,
18, 438; brought under government
control, 447
RUSSIA: Trans-Caucasian and
Trans-Caspian Railways, 5, 139;
roads, 12, 375
SCOTLAND: Caledonian Canal,
I2 > 375; first railroad, 375
SOUTH AMERICA: in Colombia,
21, 85, 304; in Ecuador, in, 116; in
Argentine Republic, 135; in Brazil,
178, 179; in Chili, 225, 227, 242, 243;
in Brazil, 255; in Uruguay, 259; Pan-
American Railway, 279, 333; Inter-
oceanic Railway, 331; in Bolivia,
333
SPAIN: new roads and canals, 8,
420
SWITZERLAND: roads and rail-
roads, 13, 543, 573. 576; railroad
through St. Gotthard, 574; Simplon
line, 578
TIBET: agreement concerning
railroads, 6, 317
TURKEY: Suez Canal, 5, 138, 14,
468; condition of, 14, 491
UNITED STATES: in colonies, 23,
151; public works as State enter-
prises, 441; steam, 477, 479; Erie
Canal, 479; Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad, 480; railroad across Pan-
ama, 24, 613; railroads, 896; trans-
continental railway, 901, 1096; Pan-
ama Canal, 1055
Transportation Act, a bill providing
for the removal to England for
trial of any royal official in the
American colonies (1774): passed,
23, 221
Trans-Saharan Railway: schemes for,
19, 168; building of, 265
Trans-Siberian Railroad: first sod
turned, 15, 345; completed, 355
Transvaal, South Africa: founded, 19,
51; under British occupation (1877-
1881), 214; annexed by England
(1877), 11, 633, 19, 279; organized
as Transvaal Colony (1900), 19, 283,
20, 233: see also South African Re-
public
Transvaal War: see Boer Wars
Transylvania, a principality of the
Austrian empire, called the Gold
Mine of Europe: Rumanian element
in, 17, 8; occupied by the Dacians,
11, invaded by the Gepidae and Bur-
gundians, 14; occupied by the Visi-
goths and Gepidae, 16; invaded by
the Slavs, 19; granted to a voievode
of the race of Arpad, 47; revolt of
(1467), 163; invaded by Turks
(1479), 164; acquired by Suleiman
the Great (1547), 14, 159; revolt of
( I 593)> 2 3> seeks peace with Tur-
key, 208; conditions in (1848), 17,
357; incorporated with Hungary,
(1867), 398
Trapezus (Trebizond), seaport on the
Black Sea: founded, 2, 81; the "Ten
Thousand " at, 390
Trautenau, Austria: battles of (1866),
18, 411
Trautmansdorff, Count (late 18th cen-
tury), Austrian statesman: policy of,
in Belgium, 13, 260
Travel, Means of: see Transporta-
tion
Travendale, Treaty of, a peace be-
tween Charles XII of Sweden and
Frederick IV of Denmark (1700),
15, 80
Travis, Colonel (d. 1842), American
soldier: at siege of the Alamo, 24,
533
Treasonable Correspondence Act, bill
passed in England to prevent the
giving of assistance to the French
(1793), 11, 542
Treasons, Act of, a bill passed in Eng-
land which made it high treason to
speak with disrespect of the king,
the queen, and their heirs (1534):
account of, 11, 254
Treasons, Statute of, in English his-
tory, a bill by which offenses
amounting to treason were defined
(1352): account of, 11, 164
712
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Treasury, Department of the, branch 1474.
of the United States government: 1482.
organized, 23, 344J Independent 1488.
Treasury Bill passed, 514; the 1492.
"Whiskey Ring," 24, 894 1493-
Treaties, Peaces, and Truces: 1494-
B. C. 33
ca. 753. Truce of God, 3, 9 1495-
415. Sparta, 2, 352 1495-
387. Antalcidas, 1, 168 1499-
256. Asoka, 5, 71 227
A. D. 1500.
843. Verdun, 4, 179, 13, 341 1504.
870. Mersen, 18, 95 1513-
874. Forcheim, 17, 33 15 16.
878. Chippenham, II, 43 1526.
878. Wedmore, 11, 43, 16, 15 1529.
1 153. Wallingford, 11, 96 141,
1 169. Montmirail, 9, 74 1529-
1 174. Falaise, n, 108 1529.
1 183. Constance, 4, 195, 18, 153 1530.
1229. Paris, 9, 79 1531.
1242. Bordeaux, 9, 81 1538.
1258. Corbeil, 9, 83 1543-
1259. Abbeville, 9, 83 1544-
1267. Marat, 13, 361 18,
1295. Anagni, 9, 86 1547-
1312. Cortenbergh, 13, 32 1552.
1328. Northampton, 11, 283 1555.
1330. Hagenaw, 17, 101 1555.
1352. Brandenburg, 13, 377 I 559-
1355- Regensburg, 13, 378 1560.
I3SS- Valognes, 9, 96 1568.
1360. Bretigny, 9, 101, II, 166 1570.
1365. Guerande, 9, 103 1570.
1368. Tharberg, 13, 378 1576.
1370. Stralsund, 16, 118 1577.
1375. Bruges, 9, 105 1578.
1381. Turin, 4, 241 1580.
1407. Underhand, 9, no 1585.
1420. Troyes, 9, 113, 11, 200 1598.
1425. Voszice, 17, 133 176
1435. Arras, 9, 117, 13, 41 1601.
1435- Vordingborg, 16, 127 1606.
1444. Szegedin, 14, 63, 65 1606.
1444. Tours, 11, 206 1608.
1465. Conflans, 9, 122 1613.
1466. Thorn, 15, 378, 18, 216 1614.
1468. Ancenis, 9, 123 1614.
1468. Pironne, 9, 123 1614.
1468. Vilemov, 17, 146 1616.
1468. Waldshut, 13, 404 1617.
Perpetual, 13, 406
Arras, 9, 125
Sabli, 9, 128
Etaples, 9, 129, 11, 226
Barcelona, 9, 129
Tordesillas, 5, 146, 20, 43, 23,
Senlis, 9, 129
Vercelli, 9, 131
Basle, 13, 419, 17, 173, 18,
Grenada, 9, 133
Blois, 9, 133
Orthez, 9, 135
Noyon, 9, 137
Madrid, 4, 303, 9, 140
Cambrai or Ladies' Peace, 9,
13, 56, 18, 246
Kappel, 13, 445
Saragossa, 5, 146
St. Julien, 13, 447
Kappel, 13, 445
Varad, 17, 217
London, 12, 305
Crespy (near Laon), 9, 144,
251
Guines, 9, 144
Passau, 18, 258
Augsburg, 9, 146, 17, 197
Vaucelles, 9, 147
Chateau-Cambresis, 9, 148
Edinburg, 12, 313
Longjumeau, 9, 156
St. Germain, 9, 157
Stettin, 16, 166
Monsieur, 9, 159
Bergerac, 9, 160
Nerac, 9, 160
Fleix, 9, 161
Nemours, 9, 161
Vervins, 9, 171, 13, 164, 17,
Lions, 9, 172
Sitavtorok, 14, 208, 210, 374
Vienna, 17, 224
Libno, 17, 199
Knaerad, 16, 176
Paltry, 9, 178
Sainte-Menehould, 9, 178
Xanten, 13, 191
Loudun, 9, 179
Stolbova, 16, 177
GENERAL INDEX
713
Treaties, Peaces, and Truces:
1619. Defense, 5, 161
1619. Presburg, 17, 205
1620. Nicolsburg, 17, 226
1625. Moncon, 9, 183
1628. Susa, 9, 186
1629. Alais, 9, 187
1629. Altmark, 16, 180
1629. Lubeck, 9, 190, 16, 201
1631. Barwalde, 16, 181
1635. Prague, 18, 288
1638. Berwick, II, 336
1640. London, 12, 339
1645. Bromsebro, 16, 187, 201
1645. Linz, 17, 227
1648. Munster, 13, 217, 20, 114
1648. Newport, ix, 360
1648. Westphalia, 9, 200, 10, 135,
note, 13, 219, 465, 16, 188, 17, 183,
18, 293
1649. Ruel, 9, 202
1653. Murifeld, 13, 473
1656. Baden, 13, 476
1658. Roeskilde, 16, 208
1659. Pyrenees, 8, 379, 465, 9, 207,
13, 232
1660. Copenhagen, 16, 210, 231
1660. Oliva, 16, 210
1661. Kardis, 16, 211
1663. Soleure, 13, 477
1664. Vasvar, 17, 228
1667. Andrusshovo (Andrussovo),
14, 244, 15, 22, 380
1667. Breda, 9, 208, II, 389, 20, 76,
87
1668. Aix-la-Chapelle, 9, 209, II,
393, 13, 478, 18, 300
1668. Triple Alliance, II, 393
1670. Dover, 11, 394
1672. Busacz, 14, 245
1676. Zurawna, 14, 246
1678-1679. Nimeguen, 8, 383, 9, 212,
11, 405, 13, 240, 18, 302, 19, 33,
20, 64, 72
1683. Ratisbon, 9, 212
1689. Nerchinsk, 6, 67, 80
1691. Limerick, 12, 153
1697. Ryswick, 4, 326, 8, 384, 9, 219,
11, 445, 13, 245, 18, 306, 20, 76,
114, 23, 159
1699. Carlowitz, 2, 539, 14, 268,
287, 374, 17, 231, 18, 304
1700. Travendale, 15, 80
1701. Grand Alliance, 11, 451
1703. Methuen Commercial, 8, 525,
11, 454, 20, 106
1706. Altranstadt, 15, 46, 16, 219
1708. Szathmar, 17, 234
1710. Hague, 15, 63
171 1. Pruth, 14, 280, 15, 61, 16, 221
1712. Aaran, 13, 480
1713. Adrianople, 15, 61
1713. Assiento, 11, 464, 22, 187
1713. Utrecht, 8, 401, 9, 224, 11,
463, 13, 251, 479, 18, 315, 20, 85,
107, 23, 77
1713-1714. Rastadt, 4, 330, 9, 225,
18, 316
1715. Barrier, 13, 252
1717. Triple Alliance, 8, 405, 9, 228,
11, 471
1718. Quadruple Alliance, 11, 472
1718. Passarowitz, 14, 6, 290, 374,
17, 235, 18, 320
1719-1720. Stockholm, 18, 318
1721. Nystad, is, 68, 381, 16, 226
1725. Hanover, 9, 234, 13, 253
1726. Treaty of, 15, 121
1729. Seville, 8, 410, 13, 253
1731. Vienna, 13, 253
1733- Resht, 15, 117
1735- Vienna, 8, 410, 17, 192, 18,
324
1738. Vienna, 15, 383
1739. Belgrade, 14, 274, 315, 15,
124, 16, 227, 17, 192, 235
1741. Nymphenberg, 16, 227
1742. Berlin, 17, 241
1742. Breslau, 11, 485
1743. Abo, 15, 152, 16, 228
1743- Worms, 9, 238
1744. Lancaster, 23, 168, 170
1745. Dresden, 17, 242, 18, 332
1745. Fussen, 17, 242
1748. Aix-la-Chapelle, 4, 336, 5,
179, 9, 240, 11, 488, 13, 256, 15,
141, 17, 242, 18, 332, 20, 85, 107,
23, 166, 167
1752. Logtown, 23, 168, 170
1756. Versailles, 15, 144, 17, 243
1761. Family or Compact, 9, 247
1762. Fontainebleau, 18, 343
1762. Hamburg, 16, 228
1763. Hubertsburg, 11, 505, 17, 244
714
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Treaties, Peaces, and Truces.
1763. Paris, 5, 181, 9, 247, II, 505,
20, 76, 120, 23, 197
1767. Copenhagen, 16, 267
1770. Teschen, 17, 250
1774. Kainardji, 14, 339, 342, 374,
17, 249
1775. Surat, 5, 192
1778. Versailles, 23, 267
J 783. Versailles or Paris, 5, 194, 9,
257. " 523, 20, 128, 33, 288, 362
1790. Varela (Verela), 15, 188, 16,
249
1790. Sistova, 14, 357, 386, 17, 276
1791. Pilnitz, 9, 270
1792. Jassy, 10, 134, 14, 362, 374,
15, 187
1795. Algiers, 23, 364, 394
1795. Basel, 8, 482, 9, 293, 10, 347,
18, 357
1795. Greensville, 23, 366
1795- Jay, 23, 372
1795. Paris, 10, 347, 17, 281
1796. Cherasco, 10, 380
1797. Campo-Formio, 10, 395, 11
548, 14, 384, 17, 283, 18, 361
1797. Leoben, 9, 303, 10, 383, 13,
264
1797. Tolentino, 9, 302
1797. Austro-Venetian, 17, 283
1800. Mont Lugon, 10, 441
1801. Paris, 10, 444
1801. Campo-Formio, 9, 303
1801. Florence, 10, 444
1801. Luneville, 8, 483, 9, 317, 10,
442, 17, 285
1801. Madrid, 10, 444
1801. San Ildefonso, 20, 269, 23,
395
1802. Amiens, 5, 197, 8, 483, 9,
318, 10, 444, 11, 552, 13, 164, 23,
396, 405
1802. Bassein, 5, 136, 200
1805. Presburg, 9, 326, 10, 415, II,
557, 14, 395, 17, 294
1805. Schonbrunn, 9, 326
1807. Bartenstein, 16, 251
1807. Fontainebleau, 8, 528, 9, 332
1807. Slobosia, 14, 383, 384, 398
1807. Tilsit, 8, 485, 9, 331, 10, 471,
11, 559, 14, 403, 15, 215, 16, 251,
18, 374
808. Erfurt, 9, 334, 18, 374
809. Fredrikshamn, 15, 217
809. Schonbrunn, 17, 299
809. Vienna, 9, 336, 17, 336, 18,
377
811. Asuncion, 21, 147
812. Bucharest, 14, 398, 407, 15,
219
813. Gulistan, 5, 359
813. Kalisch, 15, 261
813. Pleisswitz, 15, 261
813. Reichenbach, 17, 307
813. Teplitz, 17, 308
813. Valenqay, 9, 344
814. Chaumont, 9, 347, 17, 311
814. Fontainebleau, 15, 262, 17,
3ii
814. Kiel, 16, 254, 258
814. London, 13, 281
814. Paris, 9, 356, 13, 280
814. Teheran, 5, 360
814. Vienna, 16, 254
815. Paris, 8, 532, 17, 314, 20, 221
815. Segauli, 5, 207
815. Vienna, 16, 267
817. Poona, 5, 209
820. El Pilar, 21, 71, 119
820. Trujillo, 21, 72
825. Indian Springs, 23, 470
826. Akerman, 14, 422
826. London, 17, 325
826. Yandabu, 5, 212
827. London, 14, 423, 15, 275
828. Turkmanchai, 5, 359, 15, 283
829. Adrianople, 14, 431, 15, 287,
17, 326
830. London, 15, 288
831. Twenty-four Articles, 9, 400
833. Miinchengratz, 17, 328
833. Unkiar-Skelessi, 9, 403, 15,
291
837. Tafna, 9, 413
840. Waitangi, 20, 211
842. Nanking, 5, 213
842. Pasco, 21, 188
844. Tangiers, 9, 423
848. Guadalupe, 22, 377
848. Malmo, 16, 270
850. Bulwer-Clayton, 24, 613, 1056,
1058
850. Olmiitz, 16, 272
852. London, 16, 273
GENERAL INDEX
715
Treaties, Peaces, and Truces:
1853. Gadsden, 24, 641
1854. Japanese-America, 7, 157
1856. Paris, 14, 460, 470, 15, 322,
17, 384
1858. Austria-Hungary with Japan,
7, 189
1858. Newchwang, 6, 166, 311, 315
1858. Paris, 5, 364
1858. Tien-tsin, 9, 449
1859. Villafranca, 9, 451, 17, 385
1859. Zurich, 4, 374, 17, 385
i860. Anglo-French Commercial,
11, 621
i860. Peking, 9, 451
1863. Pensaqui, 31, 113
1864. Miramar, 22, 389
1864. Vienna, 16, 275, 17, 391
1865. Belgium-Japanese, 7, 189
1865. Callao, 21, 204, 220
1865. Danish-Japanese, 7, 189
1865. Gastein, 17, 391
1865. Hawaii-Japan, 7, 189
1865. Italian-Japanese, 7, 189
1865. Swedish-Japanese, 7, 189
1866. Nicolsburg, 17, 392, 18, 412
1866. Prague, 16, 275, 17, 392, 18,
412
1867. Chino-United States, 6, 221
1867. London, 13, 317
1871. Chino-Japanese, 7, 192
1871. Frankfort, 9, 469, 18, 426
1871. Washington, 24, 959
1873. La Paz, 21, 227
1878. Berlin, 5, 256, 11, 632, 14,
488, 491, 15, 338, 17, 421
1878. San Stefano, 11, 632, 14, 486,
15, 337, 17, 420
1878. Zanjon, 20, 328
1879. Gandamak, 5, 257
1879. United States-Japan, 7, 190
1884. Ancon, 21, 238, 264
1884. Congo, 19, 76
1887. Tonga, 19, 81
1887. Bayard-Chamberlain, 24, 961
1895. Shimonoseki, 15, 350
1897. Biacnabate, 20, 314
1898. Anglo-Chinese, 7, 277
1898. German-China, 7, 277
1898. Paris, 22, 468, 24, 1032
1900. Anglo-German, 7, 285
1901. Anglo-Chinese, 7, 286
1901. Hay-Pauncefote, 29, 331, 34,
1058
1902. Anglo-Japanese, 7, 231, 289
1903. Hay-Herran, 20, 332
1903. Hay-Varilla, 24, 1060
1905. Portsmouth, 7, 318, 15, 364,
24, 1080
Treaty, City of the Violated: see Lim-
erick
Treaty of 1726, a compact between
Russia and Austria: mentioned, 15,
121
Treaty of 1783, peace between the
United States and Great Britain:
account of, 11, 523; defects of,
mended by Jay Treaty, 23, 362; fish-
ery purchase under, 429; Great Brit-
ain determined to enforce, 443
Treaty of 1819, compact between
Spain and the United States: 24,
531, 541
Treaty of 1854, treaty between the
United States and Great Britain:
24, 641
Treaty Ports, harbors on the coast of
China thrown open to European
trade: account of, 6, 273
Trebbia, Italy: battle of (1799), 9,
309, 10, 403
Trebellius, Lucius (1st century B. C.)
Roman statesman: opposes meas-
ures proposed against the pirates,
3, 270
Trebia, river in Italy: battle of the,
3, "7
Trebizond: Greek empire in, 2, 536;
see also Trapezus
Trebonius, Gaius (d. 43 B. C), Roman
soldier: besieges Massilia, 3, 341;
succeeds to command in Spain, 356;
plots against Caesar, 4, 4
Trediakovski, Vassili Kirelovitch
(1703-1769), Russian man of letters:
Volinski's treatment of, 15, no;
sketch of, 150
Tregua, Pacta de, truce between Bo-
livia and Chili (1884): account of,
21, 265
Treilhard (Trelliard), Jean Baptiste
(1742-1810), French statesman:
716
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
made member of the directory, 9,
305; deposed, 10, 404
Tremecen, Spain: battle of (1142), 8,
96
Trencsin, Hungary: battle of (1708),
17, 233
Trent, Council of, the 18th general
council of the Roman Catholic
Church (1545-1563), 4, 285, 9, 155,
13, 456, 17, 178, 18, 251, 260
Trent Affair, The: account of, 24, 728
Trenton, New Jersey: battle c 1-
(1776), 11, 516, 23, 248; erects tri-
umphal arch for Washington, 341;
Lincoln makes speech at, 24, 706
Trepov, General (d. 1906), Russian
military dictator: regime of, 15,
366; dies, 368
Tresilian, Chief Justice (d. 1388), Eng-
lish statesman: hanged, II, 181
Trevelyan, Charles Edward (1807-
1886), Anglo-Indian financier:
sketch of, 5, 247
Trevett v. Weeden, a case by which
the forced acceptance of paper
money was declared unconstitu-
tional (1787): account of, 23, 315
Treviri, Gallic tribes: defeated by Ce-
realis, 18, 24
Trevisa (Trevise, Treviso), Edouard
Adolphe Casimir Joseph, Duke of
(1768-1835), French soldier: minis-
try of, 9, 407
Triad Society, secret society in China
(ca. 1851): account of, 6, 148, 280
Trial by jury: introduced in New
York, 23, 104; denied slaves, 24,
615
Triana, Rodrigo de (ca. 1492), seaman
with Columbus: sights land, 21, 6
Trianon Decree, an edict issued by
Napoleon I (1810), placing an im-
port duty of 50 per cent, on colonial
products, 10, 473
Tribbles, T. H., American politician:
Populist nominee for Vice-Presi-
dent (1904), 24, 1067
Tribunate of the Plebs: organized, 3,
41
Tribunes, in French history: nomina-
tion of, ic, 436
Tribunes, in Roman history, the of-
ficial representatives of the people:
declared inviolable, 3, 41; powers,
42; number increased (471 B. C),
43; (457 B. C), 44
Trichinopoly, India: siege of (1750),
9, 242
Tricoupi (Trikupis), Spyridon (1791-
I 873), Greek historian and diplo-
mat: expects Russian aid, 15, 266
Triennial Act, in English history, a
statute directing (1) that no Parlia-
ment should last longer than three
years and (2) that a Parliament
must be summoned within three
years from the dissolution of the
last parliament: passed (1641), II,
337'> repealed, 385; passed (1694),
442
Trientbach, Switzerland: battle of
(1844), 13, 549
Triesen, Switzerland: battle of (1499),
13, 418
Triest, a crownland belonging to the
Cisleithan division of Austria-Hun-
gary: condition of peasants relieved
by Maria Theresa, 17, 259
Triest, seaport of Austria-Hungary:
founded, 17, 11; seeks the protection
of Leopold of Austria, 106; made a
free port, 193
Trifanum, a town in Italy: battle of,
3, 67
Trihkala (Trikala), Greece: in mod-
ern Greece, 2, 549
Trimumpara (ca. 1500), governor of
Cochin: forms alliance with Manuel
of Portugal (1501), 8, 326
Trinidad, British West Indies: dis-
covered, 21, 11, 23, 23', early condi-
tions in, 20, 73; growth of, 237; his-
tory of, 246
Trinidad, Cuba: founded, 22, 447
Trinobantes, a pre-Roman nation in
Britain: state of, formed, n, 6; seek
protection of Caesar, 7
Triphylia, Greece: disputed by Eleians
and Arcadians, 2, 444
Triple Alliance, Treaty of, a treaty
concluded between Brazil and Eng-
land (1865), 21, 176
GENERAL INDEX
717
Triple Alliances:
1596. An alliance between England,
France, and the Netherlands
against Spain, 13, 162 note
1668. An alliance between England,
Holland, and Sweden to check the
conquests of Louis XIV, 9, 209,
11, 393, 13, 235
1717. An alliance between England,
France, and the Netherlands,
against Spain (became the Quad-
ruple Alliance on the accession
to it of Austria, 1718), 8, 405, 9,
228, II, 471
1882. An alliance between Ger-
many, Austria-Hungary, and It-
aly, sometimes called Dreibund,
t 17, 426, 449, 18, 442
Tripoli, capital of Tripoli, Africa:
siege of, 1, 301; Italian claims in,
19, 249; war with the United States,
23, 393
Tripoli, Asiatic Turkey: captured by
Saracens, 1, 286
Tripolitza, Greece: battle of (1770),
14, 327
Trist, Nicholas P. (19th century),
United States diplomat: his mission
to Mexico (1847), 22, 330, 24, 551;
signs treaty with Mexico, 22, 377,
24, 552
Tristam, Nuno (15th century), Portu-
guese explorer: explorations of, 19,
\7
Tristan DAsunba, a group of islands
in the South Atlantic: occupied by
Great Britain, 19, 213, 20, 263
Triumvirate, The Democratic, a com-
mittee in France during the revolu-
tion, composed of Robespierre,
Saint-Just, and Couthon: formed,
10, 209; general attack upon, 311;
arrest of, 314; released, 315; death
of, 318
Triumvirate, The Second, in Roman
history a term applied to division
of government between Octavian
(Augustus), Anthony, and Lepidus
(43 B. C.), 4, 10
Trivulzio, Giovanni (early 16th cen-
tury), Milanese soldier in the serv-
ice of France: leads French forces
into Italy, 4, 293
Troad, The, the region at the north-
western extremity of Asia Minor,
included between the iEgean, the
Hellespont, the Sea of Marmora,
Mount Ida, and the Gulf of Adra-
myttium: Greek civilization in the,
2, 53
Trochu, Louis Jules (1815-1896),
French soldier: defends Paris, 9,
415; in the Franco-Prussian War,
18, 421; assumes presidency of pro-
visional government, 9, 466
Troezen, ancient Greece: receives ex-
iled Athenians, 2, 97; allied to Ath-
ens, 247; aids Sparta, 274
Trojan Cycle: see Cyclic poems
Trolle, Gustaf (d. 1535), Archbishop
of Upsala: supports Christian II of
Denmark, 16, 148; supports Didrik
Slaghoek, 152
Tromp, Cornells (Cornelius) (1629-
1691), Dutch admiral: commands
fleet against the English, 11, 365
Tromp, Marten Harpertzoon van
(1597-1653), Dutch admiral: gains
the Battle of the Downs, 13, 213;
at the battle of Dover, 229; in the
war with the English, 230
Tronchet, Francois Denis (1726-1806),
French jurist: counsel for Louis
XVI, 9, 280
Tropau (Troppau), Congress of, a
congress of European monarchs,
assembled at Tropau, to consider
revolutionary disturbances in Italy
(1820), 15, 266
Tropenkoller (Tropic -madness) : de-
scription of, 19, 259
Trot of Turriff, the name given to the
battle between the Cavaliers and
the Covenanters which opened the
Civil War in Scotland (1639), 12,
337
Troubles, Council of (1567), tribunal
in the Netherlands for punishing
those hostile to Spanish rule and
Roman Catholicism: established, 13,
105
Troublous Times, The, in Russian his-
718
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
tory, a period of anarchy in the early
17th century: account of, 15, 21
Trouin, Duguay (17th century),
French soldier: commands expedi-
tion against Brazil, 21, 34
Troup, George Mcintosh (1780-1856),
American politician: resents United
States interference in Indian trou-
ble in Georgia, 23, 470; condemns
Tassels, the Cherokee, 487
Troxler (19th century), Swiss au-
thor: deprived of his appointment
(1821), 13, 529
Troy, Asia Minor: archaeological re-
mains of, 2, 22; story of, 29
Troyes, de (17th century), French
colonist: his campaign against the
Hudson Bay Company, 20, 86
Troyes, Treaty of, a treaty concluded
between Henry V of England and
Charles VI of France (1420), 9, 113,
11, 200
Truber, Primus (16th century), Sla-
vonic scholar: aids the Reformation
in Carinola, 17, 178
Truce of God, name applied at differ-
ent times in middle ages to a sus-
pension of private quarrels in Ger-
many, France, England and else-
where, 9, 68, 18, 128
" True-blooded Yankee," American
privateer: in the War of 1812, 23,
424
Trujillo, Colombian military officer:
his administration as president of
Colombia (1878-1880), 21, 244
Trujillo (Truxillo), Peru: rising of the
garrison in, 21, 209
Trujillo (Truxillo), Armistice of, be-
tween the Spanish and Colombian
generals, 21, 72
Trumbull, Jonathan (1740-1809),
American statesman: in first Con-
gress, 23, 342
Trumbull, Lyman (19th century),
American statesman: joins liberal
movement, 24, 890; candidate for
Presidential nomination (1872), 891
Trusts: legislation respecting, 24, 971;
recommendations in Roosevelt's
message concerning, 1050; "pub-
licity bureau " created for, 1052; leg-
islation against, 1052
Truvor (Thorwardr), Varingian
prince: settles in Russia, 16, 40
Truxton (Truxtun), Thomas (1755-
1822), American naval officer: com-
mands " Constellation," 23, 375
Tryon, William (ca. 1725-1788), co-
lonial governor of New York: de-
feated at battle of Alamance, 23,
218
Tsang-chi, Tartar general: concludes
treaty with Admiral Alexiev (1900),
7, 286
Tsaritsin, Russia: battle of (1774), I5>
170
Tschendereli, Kara Khalil (14th cen-
tury), Turkish statesman: his plan
for organizing the Janissaries, 14,
20
Tschudi, Giles (1505-1572), Swiss his-
torian and Roman Catholic theo-
logian: sketch of, 13, 454
Tschudin, Valentine (16th century),
Swiss clergyman: reforms of, 13,
439
Tseng, Marquis (19th century), Chi-
nese diplomat: advises against war,
6, 302
Tseng Kwofan (19th century), Chi-
nese soldier: opposes T'aip'ings
(1852), 6, 149; captures Nanking,
205; at Tientsin, 224
Tshuli Ali (early 18th century), Grand
Vizier of Turkey: account of, 14,
275
Tsimandroho (19th century), King of
the Sakalaves: concludes treaty with
the French (1840), 20, 277
Tsinliang (17th century), Chinese
chieftain: heroism of, 6, 46
Tso Chungt'ang (19th century), Chi-
nese soldier: in Mohammedan Re-
bellions, 6, 218
Tso Shingnor (16th century), Chinese
soldier: sent to aid the Koreans, 7,
118
T'sungcheng (17th century), Chinese
Emperor: reign of, 6, 47
Tsungli Yamen, Chinese Board of
Foreign Office: establishment of, p,
GENERAL INDEX
719
220; in Boxer Rebellion, 284, 299,
301, 303; powers demand abolish-
ment of, 286; superseded, 305
Tsushima, islands belonging to Japan,
in the channel of Korea: battle of
(1419), 7, 103
Tsushima Straits, between Korea and
Japan: strategic value of, 6, 310
Tu (19th century), Mohammedan
rebel, 6, 211
Tu Fu, Chinese poet: sketch of, 6,
15
Tuamotu (Paumota or Paumotu)
Islands or Low Archipelago, a group
of islands of the South Pacific: un-
der French rule, 20, 276
Tuan, Prince, Chinese official: in
Boxer Rebellion, 6, 279, 302; sen-
tenced (1900), 285, 305
Tuan Fang (ca. 1900), Chinese states-
man: aids foreigners in Boxer Re-
bellion, 6, 304
Tuaregs, African tribe: resist the
French, 19, 152
Tubaal: see Ethbaal
Tubman, Harriet, American abolition-
ist: aids slaves to escape from
South, 24, 617
Tubuai Islands, a group of islands in
Polynesia: under French rule, 20,
276
Tubulus, Gaius Hostilius (3rd century
B. C), Roman general: at battle of
Grumentum, 3, 128
Tucker, Henry St. George (1771-
1851), Anglo-Indian statesman:
secretary for Wellesley, 5, 202
Tuckey (early 19th century), African
explorer: explorations of, 19, 47
Tudela, Spain: battle of (1808), 9,
334
Tudor, Henry, Earl of Richmond: see
Henry VII, King of England
Tugendbung: see Victory, League of
Tughlak Dynasty, line of rulers of
India: founded, 5, 101
Tuileries, Palace of the, a royal resi-
dence, formerly existing in Paris:
deserted by the king, 10, 195; at-
tack of, on the 10th of August, 196;
blockade of, 260; burned, 9, 472
Tuillibardine, Marquis of (early 18th
century), Spanish military officer:
his campaign in Scotland, 12, 365
Tukulti-Ninib, King of Assyria, 13th
century B. C: conquers Babylonia,
1, 78
Tulga, King of the Goths, 640-642 A.
D.: reign of, 8, 44
Tulliot, Henri (living), French engi-
neer: associated with the Wellman
Expedition, 16, 340
Tuman Beg or Bey (d. 1517), Sultan
of Egypt: succeeds Kansu, 14, 130;
reign of, 1, 36; his capture and
death, 14, 133
Tunebos, South America: Indians de-
stroy themselves at, 21, 50
Tung Chow, China: Boxer troubles
at, 6, 300
Tung Fuhsiang (ca. 1900), Chinese
commander: in Boxer Rebellion, 6,
279; sentenced to banishment, 285
T'ungcheh (d. 1875), Emperor of
China: name of, selected, 6, 190;
marriage of, 229; assumes control
of the empire, 230; death of, 236
Tunis, province of North Africa:
United States purchases immunity
from, 23, 394; occupied by the
French, 19, 80; under French pro-
tection, 19, 262, 20, 280; Italian
claims in, 19, 249
Tunis, city in Africa: captured by
Barbarossa, 14, 162; taken and plun-
dered by Christians, 163; retaken by
Turks, 200
Tunja, a province in South America:
rebels against Spanish authority, 21,
56; taken by the revolutionists
(1819), 68
Tupac Amaru (1742-1781), Peruvian
Inca: leads revolt in Peru, 20, 133
Tupper, Sir Charles (1821 ), Cana-
dian statesman: leads movement in
Nova Scotia for union with Canada,
20, 164; at the Quebec convention,
165
Tur, village in Hungary: battle of
(1849), 15, 302
Turcoin, France: battle of (1794), 9,
290
Turenne, Henri de La Tour d'Au-
vergne, Viscount of (1611-1675),
720
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
French soldier: German campaign
of, 18, 292; joins the Fronde, 9,
202; joins queen's party, 204; his
campaigns against Conde, 206; his
campaigns against the Dutch, 9, 210,
*3, 235, 18, 300; death of, 9, 211
Turgeniev (Turgenieff, Tourgieniev,
or Tourguenev), Ivan Sergeivitch
(1818-1883), Russian novelist: ac-
count of, 15, 199, 332
Turgesius (Turges) (9th century A.
D.), a viking: leads invasion of
Danes into Ireland, 12, 39
Turgot (12th century), Archbishop of
St. Andrews: consecrated, 12, 262
Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, Baron
de (1727-1781), French statesman,
political economist, and financier:
made comptroller-general of fi-
nances, 9, 253; disgraced, 254; sketch
of, 10, 14, 26
Turin, Italy: battle of (312 A. D.), 4,
118; siege of (1640), 323; taken by
Prince Eugene (1706), 4, 330, 9,
222, 16, 218; revolution of the Car-
bonari, 4, 354
Turin, Peace of, a treaty concluded
between the Venetians and the Gen-
oese (1381), 4, 241
Turin Papyrus, The, an Egyptian man-
uscript: value of, 1, 13
Turk, J. C. (late 19th century), Amer-
ican engineer: builds the Gokteik
viaduct, 5, 290
Turkestan, western Asia: reduced by
Arabs, 14, 4
Turkey, absolute monarchy of west-
ern Asia and of eastern Europe:
the Eastern Question, 14, 3; the
rise of the Ottomans, 9; the Otto-
mans enter Europe, 19; conquests
of the Ottomans, in Europe and
Asia, 29; the struggle for the Bal-
kan, 52; Mohammed II and the Con-
quest of Constantinople, 71; poli-
tical institutions and government
under Mohammed II, 88; Bayezid
II and Prince Djem, 107; Selim I
and the conquest of Egypt and
Syria, 119; first years of the epoch
of Suleiman the Great, 143; last
years of the epoch of Suleiman the
Great, 158; Selim II and the begin-
nings of decline, 191; de^ay of the
empire, 201; revival of te empire
under Murad IV, 215; the age of
the great viziers, 225; Kara Musta-
pha and the siege of Vienna, 247;
the war of the Holy Alliance, 255-,
Peter the Great and Turkey, 273;
Mahmud I and wars with Russia,
Austria, and Persia, 295; Catherine
II of Russia and loss of the Crimea,
320; renewal of the struggle with
Russia, 342; the Ottoman empire in
the 18th century, 364; Turkey
in the age of revolution, 377; Mah-
mud II and the birth of modern
Turkey, 408; Abdul Medjid and the
Crimean War, 439; Sultan Abdul
Aziz and Turkish efforts at reform,
462; Abdul Hamid and the empire
to-day, 489; condition of the Jews
in, 1, 421
Turkey, The Granary of: see Egypt
Turkheim, Germany: battle of (1674),
9, 211
Turkmantchai, Treaty of, a peace be-
tween Russia and Persia (1828), 5,
359, 15, 283
Turks: capture Constantinople, 23, 20:
invade Carinthia and Carniola, ij,
109; see also Ottoman Turks
Turner, George (1850 ), American
jurist and statesman: in Alaskan
boundary commission, 24, 1055
Turner, Sir James (17th century), Eng-
lish soldier: his campaign against
Scottish conventicles, 13, 346
Turner, Nat, negro insurrectionist:
heads slave uprising, 24, 575
Turnhout, the Netherlands: battles of
(1597), 13, 164; (1789), 261
Turpentine State, The: see North
Carolina
Turpin, Bishop (9th century), scholar
and writer of chronicles: at court
of Charlemagne, 18, 86
Turretin (Turretini), Francois (1623-
1687), Swiss theologian: sketch of,
13, 482
Turriff, Trot of: see Trot of Turriff
Tuscany, Italy: republic declared, 4,
366
GENERAL INDEX
721
Tuscarora Indians, tribe of American
Indians: have survived surrounding
tribes, 23, 117; massacre settlers in
North Carolina, 74
Tusculum, Italy: war with Rome, 3,
64
Tusmula, South America: battle of
(1825), 31, 182
Tusum AH (early 19th century), Egyp-
tian officer: given command of
Egyptian army, 1, 38
Tutilo (d. 896), Swiss monk: sketch
of, 13, 343
Tuttlingen, Germany: battle of (1643),
9, 199
Tutuila, island in the Pacific: ceded to
the United States, 20, 322, 34, 978,
1034
Tuxetapec, Plan of, manifesto of Gen-
eral Diaz (1776): account of, 22,
406
Tuyl, Baron (early 19th century), Rus-
sian statesman: Russian minister,
23, 447
Tver, Russia: annexed to Moscow, 15,
12 ! . ! J
Tweed Ring, American political union:
account of, 24, 897
Twelve, The Commission of, French
committee of safety in the first rev-
olution (1793): appointment of, 10
256; insurrection against, 256
Twelve Tables, The, Roman legal
code: established, 3, 44
Twenty-First Rule, in American his-
tory, a rule of the House against
the consideration of the petitions of
the Abolitionists (1840), 24, 579
Twenty-Four Articles, Treaty of the,
treaty regulating the separation of
Holland and Belgium (1831), 9, 400
Twenty-Four Parganas, district in In-
dia: transferred to the Company, 5,
184
Twiggs, David Emanuel (1790-1862),
American general: in the Mexican
War, 22, 326; surrenders army
stores to Confederates, 24, 691
"Two-ninety," name given to the
" Alabama," 24, 882
Two-Penny Act, bill passed by the
Virginia legislature, providing that
all debts payable in tobacco might
at the option of the debtor be dis-
charged in money, 23, 151
Tyler, John (1790-1845), President of
the United States, 1841-1844: nom-
inated for Vice-President, 24, 521;
becomes President, 526; early ca-
reer, 526; on the question of na-
tional banks, 526; alienated from
Whig Party, 528; settles dispute in
Rhode Island, 530; annexation of
Texas, 535, 538; renominated for
President, 537; president of the
Compromise Convention (1861),
702; his disapproval of treaty with
Nicaragua, 1056
Tyler, Wat (d. 1381), English rebel:
leads Peasants' Revolt, II, 174;
death, 175
Tyng, Captain (early 18th century),
English colonial sea-captain: given
charge of Pepperell's fleet, 23, 165
Type Quarrel, The, a discussion of
questions of precedence between
Frederick IV of Sweden and Duke
Charles Frederick of Holstein-Got-
torp (1721), 16, 236
Tyranny, in Greek history, the rule of
one who usurped absolute power:
succeeds oligarchy at Corinth and
Sicyon, 2, 76; age of, 90; in Greek
political cycle, 91
Tyrawly (early 18th century), Eng-
lish statesman: at the Russian court,
15, 140
Tyrconnel, Richard Talbot, Earl of
(d. 1691), Irish royalist of Norman
descent: sent to Ireland, II, 425
Tyre, Asia Minor, called The Queen
of the Sea: location of, I, 119; sieges
of (701 B. C), 1, 124, 2, 78; (670
B. C), I, 9o; (598-585 B. C), 125;
stormed by Alexander (332 B. C.)
1, 125, 168, 2, 494; conquered by the
Saracens, 1, 286, 11, no; see also
Phoenicians
Tyrisval, Sweden: battle of (983 A.
D.), 16, 58
Tyrol, country of Austria-Hungary:
part of, united with Hungary and
722
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Bohemia, 17, 4; German element in,
6; Italian element in, 8; united to
Austria, 104; insurrection of, 177;
progress of the Reformation in,
178; advent of the Jesuits in, 179;
condition of peasants relieved by
Maria Theresa, 259; in the struggle
against the French Revolution, 286;
insurrection of (1809), 17, 296, 18,
375. 377', dismembered, 17, 300
Tyrrheni: see Etruscans
Tyrtaeus (d. 685 B. C), Greek poet:
sketch of, 2, 72, 74
Tzympe, Castle of, southeastern Eu-
rope: taken by Suleiman Pasha, 14,
26
u
Uah-ab-ra: see Apries
Uberti, Farinata degl' (13th century),
Florentine leader: saves Florence
from destruction, 4, 212
Ubii, Germanic tribe: location of, 18,
6; submit to Caesar, 13
Uchh (Alexandria), India: founded, 5,
69
Uchida (living), Japanese diplomatist:
protests against Russian demands
(1903), 7, 294
Ucles, Spain: battle of, 8, 91
Uda, Emperor of Japan, 893-898 A.
D.: reign of, 7, 47
Udhunala, India: battle of (1763), 5,
187
Uganda, a region in Africa: English
attempt to gain a foothold in, 19,
190; made over in perpetuity to
British protection, 195; description
of, 20, 261
Ugolino, Count of the Gherardesca
(d. 1289), Pisan leader: treachery
and fate of, 4, 236
Uhlefeld: see Ulfeld
Ujejski (19th century), Polish poet:
sketch of, 15, 299, 17, 348
Ukita Hideiye (16th century), Jap-
anese statesman: member of coun-
cil of state, 7, 114; his campaign
against Korea, 116; at battle of Se-
kigahara, 123
Ulefeld: see Ulfeld
Ulema, The, a Turkish order of men
learned in law: account of, 14, 98,
369
Ulfeld (Uhlefeld, Ulefeld), Eleanor
Kristine, sister of King Frederick
III of Denmark: sketch of, 16, 202,
230
Ulfeld (Uhlefeld, Ulefeld), Korfitz (d.
1664), Danish courtier: influence of,
16, 202; at the Swedish court, 207;
flees from Denmark, 230
Ulfilas (Ulphilas, Wulfila) (311-381 A.
D.), Gothic bishop: missionary to
the Goths, 4, 136; his Gothic gos-
pels, 16, 9; career of, 18, 32
Ulfliot (Ulfljot), Constitution of, a
code of laws drawn up for the gov-
ernment of Iceland (930 A. D.), 16,
299
Ulfljot (Ulfliot) (10th century), Ice-
landic legislator: studies the laws of
Norway, 16, 46
Ullerup, Germany: battle of (1849),
16, 271
Ulloa, Francisco de (d. ca. 1540),
Spanish captain: explores the coast
of California, 22, 73
Ulloa, Lope de (16th century), Mex-
ican diplomat: in the New Mexico
expedition, 22, 141
Ulm, Germany: submits to the em-
peror (1547), 18, 255; seized by the
French (1702), 312
Ulm, Capitulation of, the surrender
of Austrian army to Napoleon
(1805), 4, 347, 10, 464, 11, 557, 17,
293, 18, 367
Ulozhenie, Russian code of laws pub-
lished by Alexis (1649): description
of, 15, 71, 181
Ulphilas: see Ulfilas
Ulric (13th century), Count of Wiir-
temberg: revolt of, 18, 180
Ulric (d. 1269), Duke of Carinthia and
Carniola: death of, 17, 74
Ulric (Ulrich) (1487-1550), Duke of
Wiirtemberg: oppressions of, 18,
229; reinstated, 250; submits to the
emperor, 255
Ulrica (Ulrika) Eleanora (1688-1744),
Queen of Sweden: accession of, 16,
723
724
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
225; continues the Northern War,
IS, 67
Ulrica Eleanora of Denmark (1656-
1692), Queen of Sweden: marriage
of, 16, 212
Ulrich, Switzerland: battle of (1419),
13, 393
Ulrich of Rosenberk: see Rosenberk,
Ulrich of
Ulrika: see Ulrica
Uludj Ali (Kilidj Ali), Turkish ad-
miral (16th century) : at siege of
Malta, 24, 638
Ulysses (Odysseus), legendary Greek
hero: home of, 2, 10; in Homeric
poems, 29, 33, 82
Uncle Tom's Cabin, novel by Harriet
Beecher Stowe, directed against
slavery: its effect, 24, 638
Uncrowned Monarch, The: see O'-
Connell, Daniel
Underground Railroad, a method of
transveying fugitive slaves of Amer-
ica to Canada: account of, 24, 616
Underhand Peace, The: see Chatres,
Treaty of
Unfortunate Peace, The: see Cateau
Cambresis, Treaty of
Uniate Church, composed of members
of the Greek Church who had sub
mitted to the authority of the Pope
description of, 15, 297, 381
Uniformity Acts:
1559- An act passed by the Eng-
lish Parliament forbidding the use
of any form of public prayer
other than that of the new Prayer
Book, 11, 275
1662. An act passed by the Eng-
lish Parliament establishing the
Episcopal religion, 11, 382
Union, Acts of:
1707. A statute uniting the king-
doms of England and Scotland,
11, 457, 12, 356
1801. A statute uniting the king-
doms of Great Britain and Ire-
land, 11, 545, 12, 215
1815. A statute uniting Norway
and Sweden, 16, 261
1840. A statute uniting the French
and English in Canada, 20, 157
Union, Edicts of:
1588. An act proclaimed at Blois,
by which Henry III was declared
chief of the league of Catholics
in France against the Huguenots,
9, 163
1648. An act passed by the French
government declaring that all
crown courts should be treated
alike, 9, 200
Union of Bohemian Brothers: see Bo-
hemian Brothers
Union of Rhenish Cities, formed by
Mayence, Speyer, Worms, Strass-
burg, and Basel (1254), 18, 175
Union Pacific Railroad, United States:
built, 24, 902
Unitarians, a religious sect: denied
rights of " Toleration Act," 23, 72
United African Company, English
trading company: formed, 19, 78;
assumes all the British interests on
the Niger River, 154
United Company of Merchants of
England trading to the East Indies,
The, English trading company: or-
ganized, 5, 159; founded, 20, 63; end
of, 141
United Concessions Company, British
trading company: organized, 19, 224
United Irishmen, Irish reform society
founded by Wolfe Tone in 1791:
founded, II, 545, 12, 198
United States, History of: aboriginal
America, 23, 3; discoveries and ex-
plorations, 19; the planting of the
southern colonies, 56; the planting
of the northern colonies, 83; colo-
nial governments, 114; colonial life
and institutions, 126; inter-colonial
wars, 157; the French and Indian
War, 167; the rupture with the
mother country, 201; revolution and
independence, 229; the war in the
middle colonies, 242; the war in the
southern colonies, 271; transition
from colonies to states, 298; estab-
lishment of the republic, 321; the
first eight years of the constitution,
340; the federalist supremacy, 370;
Jeffersonian republicanism, 383; the
second war with Great Britain, 413;
GENERAL INDEX
725
the era of good feeling and indus-
trial development, 434; rise of the
democratic party, 459; the Jackson-
ian epoch, 477; the Whig ascend-
ency, 24, 519; Polk's administration
and the war with Mexico, 540; rise
of the slavery controversy, 561; Tay-
lor and Fillmore administration,
592; Pierce's administration and the
renewal of the slavery controversy,
623; administration of Buchanan,
657; secession of the southern
states, 684; the outbreak of the Civil
War, 714; the war in the west, 738;
operations in the east, 754; Vicks-
burg and Gettysburg, Tjy. last year
of the war, 786; general observa-
tions on the war, 815; Andrew
Johnson and reconstruction, 830;
treaty with China, 6, 221; the ad-
ministration of President Grant, and
the results of reconstruction, 24,
857; Grant's second term, 889;
Hayes and the end of the southern
question, 906; Garfield and Arthur,
925; the administration of Grover
Cleveland, 942; the administration of
Benjamin Harrison, 963; Cleveland's
second term, 988; William McKin-
ley the war with Spain, ion; pro-
tests against action of Russia, 6,
311; administration of Roosevelt, 24,
1049; treaty with China revised, 6,
318; Chinese in, 320; concludes
treaty with Japan, 7, 190; progress
of a century, 24, 1086
"United States," American frigate:
built, 23, 375; captures "Mace-
donian," 422
United States Bank: founded, 23, 352;
re-chartered, 438; proposed, 439;
Jackson opposed to re-charter, 485;
account of Jackson's war on, 500;
Democratic Party opposes the re-
newal of its charter, 24, 522; re-
establishment question raised, 527
Universities and Colleges:
ARABIA: college at Bagdad, 1, 346
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: Zwingli at
Vienna, 13, 433; Fiinfkirchen, 17,
154; Academia Corviniana, 166;
Prague founded (1348), 18, 192; Jes-
uit Colleges (17th century), 17, 182;
Innsbruck and Breslau (ca. 1700),
189; Vienna, managed by the gov-
ernment, 260; Oriental Academy
(1754), 262; Lemberg (1783), 268;
Czech language taught at Prague,
341; Wiclif's teachings condemned
by Prague, 120; Prague closed, 126,
200, 274; Prague divided into Ger-
man and Czech (1882), 427; Huss at
Prague, 18, 202; Prague reorgan-
ized, 205; Cracow, 17, 115; academy
at Cracow (1871), 417; Academy of
Sciences (1847), 357; Agram (1874),
417; Czernowitz (1876), 417; acad-
emy at Agram, 417; Pesth, 417
CHINA: at Peking (1866), 6, 260;
Imperial College, 2^, 291; Saigon
(1874), 20, 274
DENMARK: Copenhagen (1479),
16, 136, 197: military and naval col-
leges, 200; academy at Soro reor-
ganized, 240
ENGLAND: East India College
near London, 5, 202; Oxford (12th
century), 11, 116; Merton founded,
142; King's College, Cambridge,
231; reformers at Oxford, 239; Ips-
wich (1524), 244; Wolsey's College
at Oxford refounded as Christ-
church, 247; Oxford confers degree
on Schwarzenberg, 17, 311
FRANCE: University of Paris sup-
ports Philip IV against the Pope,
9, 88; College" Louis-le-Grand at
Paris, 10, 218; established under the
Convention (i795), 363, 364; Uni-
versity of France (College de
France and the Sorbonne), 10, 448,
II, 116; Paris reorganized, 9, 490;
political power of Paris (1410), 18,
203
GERMANY: Leipsic (1409), 17, 121,
18, 202; Luther at Erfurt, 18, 234;
Wittenberg (1505), 234; library at
Heidelberg, 272; Halle (1694), 320;
Academy of Science in Berlin
(171 1), 320; liberal movement
(1819), 394; Strasburg, 436
GREECE: at Athens (1836), 2, 550
INDIA: Xavier's college at Goa
(1600), 20, 97; medical college un-
726
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
der British government, 5, 48; in
the 14th century, 104; college at
Fort William, 202; Universities Act
(1904), 291; Mohammedan Anglo-
Oriental College (1877), 5, 256
IRELAND: before 700 A. D., 13,
34, 35
ITALY: Galileo at Pisa, 4, 320; Tu-
rin founded (1559), 308; reestablish-
ment of university in Turin, 331;
Piacenza (1750), 338; low standard
of, 402; Bologna, II, 116, 18, 176;
Padua, 18, 176; Salerno, 18, 176
JAPAN: Kyoto (750 A. D.), 7, 34
MEXICO: antiquities at, 22, 94;
(iS53), 22, 117, 170; Jesuit college
founded (1572), 129, 204
NETHERLANDS: Louvain (1425),
13, 63; Leyden (1574). 169; at Douay
(1562), 169
PERSIA: at Susa (570 A. D.), 5,
320; in the 12th century, 331
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Manila
(1603), 20, 312
POLAND: Warsaw, 15, 329
PORTUGAL: royal academy of his-
tory, 8, 471; academy of sciences,
476
RUSSIA: St. Athanasius, 15, 72;
Academy of Sciences (1735), 113,
195; Moscow (1755), 149; Dorpat,
331
SCOTLAND: St. Andrews (1410),
12, 290; Aberdeen (1513), 301; Glas-
gow, 296
SOUTH AMERICA: in Argentine
Republic, 21, 120, 135; in Bolivia,
243; in Brazil, 20, 92, 21, 178; in
Chili, 21, 228, 241; in Colombia, 92,
301; in Ecuador, 106; in Paraguay,
260; in Peru, 214; in Uruguay, 259
SPAIN: Jesuits expelled from, 8,
419; Cordova, 18, 176; Salamanca
founded (1415), 8, 430
SWEDEN: Upsala (17th century),
16, 179
SWITZERLAND: St. Gall the cen-
ter of learning, 13, 345; Basle
(1500), 428, 439; Lausanne (1536),
448, 452; Zurich (1832), 543; Berne
(1833), 543; since 1870, 583
TURKEY: under Mohammed (15th
century), 14, 98
UNITED STATES: Harvard, 23,
91, 140; William and Mary College
(1692), 137, 141; Yale (1701), 140;
Brown, 140; Dartmouth, 140; King's
College (Columbia) (1754), 140;
Princeton (1746), 141, 249; Rutgers
(1765), 141; Pennsylvania (1749),
141; Williams, 183; in the South,
24, 589; Oberlin College and the
Fugitive Slave Law, 672; for the ne-
groes in the South, 874; Leland
Stanford, 1084
Universities Act, an act passed to
harmonize and unify the work of
the colleges and universities of In-
dia (1904), 5, 291
Unkian-Skelessi, Treaty of, a treaty
concluded between Russia and
Turkey (1833), 9, 403, 14, 435, 443,
15, 291
Unni (10th century A. D.), Arch-
bishop of Bremen: mission of, 16,
28
Unstrut, Germany: battle of (1075),
17, 90
Unterwalden, a canton of Switzer-
land: secures independence, 18, 184
Upingtonia, name given to an intend-
ed republic in Africa: attempts to
establish, 19, 173
Upper Austria: united with Hungary
and Bohemia, 17, 3; relics of the
stone age found in, 10; settled by the
Vandals, 14; surrendered to the Em-
pire, 75
Upper Burgundy, Kingdom of: estab-
lishment of, 18, 98
Upper Peru: see Bolivia
Upsala Burning, The, the burning of
six minor kings of Sweden by the
king, Ingjald Illraada, 16, 36
Upsala Mota, the form of religion
adopted by the Swedes, 16, 168
Uraga (19th century), Mexican gen-
eral: at the battle of Cerro Gordo
(1847), 22, 325
Uranienborg, a castle on the island of
Hven, Sweden: description of, 16,
198
GENERAL INDEX
727
Urban II (d. 1099), Pope, 1088-1099:
appointed by the Normans and the
French, 18, 136; preaches the first
crusade, 9, 70, 11, 87; his relations
with Eric Ejegod, 16, 74
Urban III (Uberto Crivelli), Pope,
1185-1187: opposes Frederick Bar-
barossa, 18, 155
Urban IV (Jacques Pantaleon), Pope,
1261-1264: pontificate of, 18, 169
Urban V (Guillaume de Grimoard)
(d. 1370), Pope, 1362-1370: preaches
crusade against the Turks, 4, 276,
14, 30; his relations with Charles
IV of Germany, 18, 194; sanctions
the establishment of the University
of Fiinfkirchen, 17, 154
Urban VI (Bartholomew Prignano),
Pope, 1378-1389: election of, 9, 105;
sanctions dethronement of Joanna
of Naples, 4, 261; opposes Juan I of
Portugal, 8, 173
Urban VIII (Maffeo Barberini), Pope,
1633-1644; favors the natives of
Brazil, 31, 38
Urban (19th century), Slovak patriot:
leads his people (1843), 17, 357
Ur-Bau (ca. 3200 B. C.)> King of Bab-
ylonia: reign of, I, 76
Urbicus, Lollius (2nd centuty A. D.),
legate of Antonius Pius: his cam-
paign against the Picts, 12, 249
Urbina, Jose Maria, radical leader in
Ecuador: made dictator of Ecuador
(1851), 21, no; invades Ecuador,
114
Urbino, Duke of (16th century), Ital-
ian soldier: raises an army for the
defense of Italy, 9, 140
Ureta (19th century), Peruvian states-
man: candidate for the presidency
(1872), 31, 210
Urgel, Spain: siege of (1691), 8, 384
Urgel, Count de (15th century), Span-
ish nobleman: claims the throne of
Aragon, 8, 260
Ur-Gur of Ur (3rd century B. C),
King of Sumer and Accad: reign
of, 1, 76
Uri, Swiss canton: secures independ-
ence, 18, 184
Uri, Landammann of (17th century),
Swiss statesman: at the Miinster
Conference, 13, 465
Uribe, Paraguayan statesman: his
presidency of Paraguay (1875-1878),
21, 260
Uriburn, Jose (19th century), Argen-
tine statesman: his presidency of
Argentina (1895-1898), 21, 257
Uriqua, South America: battle of
(1814), 21, 63
Urosan, Korea: siege of, 7, 120
Urquiza, Justo Jose de (1800-1871),
Argentine general and politician:
joins insurrection against Rosas, 21,
126; wins battle of Cepeda, 129; his
power in Entre Rios, 131
Urraca (d. 1126), Queen of Leon and
Castile: reign of, 8, 143; marries Al-
fonso I of Aragon, 233
Urseolus (10th century A. D.), Doge
of Venice: marriage of, 17, 46
Ursua, Pedro de, Spanish soldier: ex-
plorations of, 21, 28
Ursus, Saint (4th century A. D.):
martyred, 13, 334
Uruguay, republic in South America:
from 1828 to 1876, 21, 137; from
1876 to 1906, 258
Uryn (ca. 1900), Japanese Rear Ad-
miral: his services in the Russo-
Japanese War (1904-1905), 7, 303
Uscocchi, a band of Italian assassins:
attack Venice, 4, 314
Usertesen I, King of Egypt, ca. 1980
B. C: reign of, 1, 18
Usertesen II, King of Egypt, ca. 1905
B. C. : reign of, I, 19
Usertesen III, King of Egypt, ca. 1875
B. C. : reign of, 1, 19
Usipetes (Usipites), German tribe: mi-
gration of, 3, 301; defeated by
Csesar, 18, 12
Usman, Khalif (7th century A. D.),
Mohammedan ruler: sends expedi-
tion to Bombay coast, 5, 88
Usselinx, William, Swedish trader:
founds the South Company of Swe-
den (1624), 16, 179
Uster, Assembly of, a Swiss assembly
held at Uster (1830), the purpose of
which was to remodel the constitu-
tion, 13, 533
728
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Uster, Memorial of, the wishes of the
people as embodied in a new form
by the Swiss assembly, 13, 535
Usteri, Martin (1763-1827), Swiss poet:
sketch of, 13, 522
Usteri, Paul (1768-1831), Swiss states-
man: upholds revolutionary ideas,
I3 S03; leads the Centralists, 518;
influence of, 531
Ustrialov, N., Russian historian:
quoted, 15, 51, 73
Utah, United States: ceded to United
States, 24, 552; meeting of the Cen-
tral and Union Pacific Railroads
near Ogden, 902; admitted, 984;
Presidential election of 1900, 1040
Utica, Africa: made capital of prov-
ince of Africa, 3, 165; siege of (49
B. G), 342; battle of (699 A. D.), I,
307
Utica, New York: Barnburners' con-
vention, 24, 559
Utrecht, Netherlands: taken by the
French, 18, 300
Utrecht, Congress of (1690), gather-
ing of delegates to oppose Louis
XIV, 13, 244
Utrecht, Peace of, compact concluded
between European powers after
War of Spanish Succession (1713):
provisions of, 8, 401, 9, 224, 11, 463,
13, 251, 18, 315, 20, 85, 107, 23,
162; transfer of Neuchatel to Prus-
sia ratified by 13, 497; disregarded
by Spanish settlers, 23, 77; defects
of, 163; boundary dispute arising
from, 167; British claims and, 168
Utrecht, Union of (1579), compact to
secure Dutch independence, 13, 133
Utsunomiya, Japan: battle of, 7, 170
Uvakhshatara : see Kyaxares
Uxelles (1652-1730), French general:
president of the colonial council of
foreign affairs, 9, 227
Uxellodunum, Gaul: siege of, 3, 308
Uyesugi Kagekatsu (16th century),
Japanese statesman: member of
council of state, 7, 114; at battle of
Sekigahara, 123
Uyesugi Norizam (15th century), Jap-
anese kwanryo: crushes revolt of
Ashikaga Mochiuji, 7, 95
Uyttenbogaert (17th century), Neth-
erlander clergyman : his attempts
for peace in religious quarrels, 13,
198; arrest of, 201
Uzziah, King of Judah, 810-758 B.
C: reign of, 1, 395
Vaca, Cabeza de (Alvarez Nunez) (d.
1564), Spanish explorer: his gov-
ernment of the La Plata provinces,
21, 41; wanderings of, 23, 41
Vacslav (Wenceslaus or Wenzel)
(1361-1419), Holy Roman Emperor,
1376-1419, (King of Germany, 1378-
1400, VI, King of Bohemia, 1363-
1419): account of, 14, 33; crowned
king of Bohemia, 17, 117, 18, 194;
reign of, 18, 196; creates duchy of
Milan, 4, 219; imprisoned by Sigis-
mund, 18, 199; death of, 206
Vacslav (Wenceslas, Wenzel), Saint
(907-935), Prince of Bohemia: sketch
of, 17, 62
Vacslav (Wenceslas) IV, King of Bo-
hemia, 1278-1305 (I, King of Hun-
gary, 1301-1305): reigns of, 17, 77,
151; marries daughter of Rudolf of
. Hapsburg, 18, 181; supports Albert
I of Germany, 183
Vacslav (Wenceslas) V, King of Bo-
hemia, 1305-1306: reign of, 17, 81
Vacslav VI, King of Bohemia: see
Vacslav, Holy Roman emperor
Vacslav: see also Wenceslaus
Vadian, Joachim: see Watt, Joachim
von
Vadier, Marc Guillaume (1736-1828),
French revolutionist: arrest and
trial of, 10, 333
Vadimonian, Lake: battle of, 3, 71
Vadstena, Diet of, a Swedish council
convened by Gustavus Vasa (1526),
16, 155
Vaga, Numidia, Africa: revolts
against Roman rule, 3, 189
Vaidyas, Indian medical caste (600-
1000 A. D.) : rise of, 5, 48
Vaillant, Frangois le (1753-1824), Af-
rican traveler and naturalist: his
work in Africa, 20, 130
Val de Junquera, Spain: battle of (921
A. D.), 8, 135, 198
Val de Presle, Switzerland: battle of
the (1635), 9, 192
Valaze, Charles Dufriche (d. 1793),
French revolutionist: death of, 10,
279
Valdemar (I) the Great, King of Den-
mark, 1157-1182: his struggle for
the throne, 16, 80; reign of, 81; his
relations with Slesvig, 266
Valdemar (Waldemar) (II) Sejr the
Victorious, King of Denmark, 1202-
1241: subdues the Slesvig revolt, 16,
84; reign of, 85; aids Svesker Karls-
son, 103; taken prisoner by Henry
of Schwerin, 18, 162; his relations
to Slesvig, 16, 266; death of, 90
Valdemar (III) Atterdag, King of
Denmark, 1340-1375: his relations
with Magnus Smek, 16, 108; reign
of, 114; defeated by Hanseatic
League, 18, 195
Valdemar, King of Sweden, 1250-
1275: reign of, 16, 103; forced to
renounce the crown, 105
Valdemar (1208-1231), Prince of Den-
mark: taken captive by Henry of
Schwerin, 16, 87; death of, 91
Valdemar (d. 1257), Prince of Den-
mark, Duke of Slesvig: retains his
duchy, 16, 95, 266
Valdemar (d. 1318), Prince of Swe-
den: plots of, 16, 106
Valdemar (late 12th century), Bishop
of Slesvig: revolt of, 16, 84
Valdemar: see also Waldemar
Valdenama (late 16th century), Span-
ish official: made visitador of New
Spain, 22, 119
Valdez (16th century), Spanish com-
mander in the Netherlands: his
campaign, 13, 118
729
730
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Valdez, Manuel (late 18th century),
Mexican journalist: publishes the
" Gazette," 23, 213
Valdivia, Pedro de (1500-1554), Span-
ish soldier: his work in Chili, 31,
25
Valdonne, Chevalier de (late 19th cen-
tury), French statesman: made min-
ister for the interior, 9, 459
Valencay, Treaty of, agreement be-
tween Napoleon, Emperor of the
French, and King Ferdinand of
Spain (1813), 9, 344
Valencia, South America: occupied by
the revolutionists (1821), 21, 73
Valencia, Spain: siege of (1238), 8,
242; rises against the nobles and
clergy, 344
Valencia, General (19th century),
Mexican soldier: at the siege of
Mexico, 22, 344
Valencia, Padre (16th century), Span-
ish missionary: preaches in Mexico,
22, 67
Valenciennes, France: sieges of
(1567), 13, 100; (1677), 240; taken
by the allied powers (1793), 10, 271
Valens (328-378 A. D.), Roman and
Byzantine Emperor: 1 reign of, 4,
130; assists the Goths, 18, 33; re-
ceives the eastern part of the em-
pire, 17, 15; death of, 4, 133, 18,
34
Valens, Fabius (d. 69 A. D.), Roman
soldier: supports claims of Vitel-
lius, 4, 71
Valentine (early 17th century), Eng-
lish statesman: takes part in House
disturbance, 11, 327; fined and im-
prisoned, 329
Valentinian I (Flavius Valentinianus)
(321-375 A. D.), Roman Emperor:
reign of, 4, 130; his relations with
the barbarians, 17, 15
Valentinian II, Roman Emperor, 375-
392 A. D.: associated with Gratian
in the Empire, 4, 133; reign of, 18,
34
Valentinian III (Flavius Placidius
Valentinianus), Roman Emperor,
425-455 A. D.: birth of, 4, 146; ac-
cession of, 147; reign of, 9, 16
Valenzuela, Pedro Jacinto (late 18th
century), Mexican official: sketch
of, 22, 223
Valerian (Publius Aurelius Licinius
Valerianus) (d. ca. 269 A. D.), Ro-
man Emperor, 253-260 A. D.: reign
of, 4, no; captured by the Persians,
5, 317
Valerian Law, Roman law regulating
appeals (509 B. C.) : passed, 3, 31
Valerio-Horatian Laws, a compromise
between the Patricians and the Ple-
beians in Rome (449 B. C.) : account
of, 3, 45
Valerius, Manius (5th century B. C),
Roman soldier: dictator, 3, 40
Valerius, Marcus (late 2nd century B.
C.)> Roman praetor: at battle of
Nola, 3, 123
Valerius, Quintus (1st century B. C.)
Roman military commander: cap-
tures Sardinia, 3, 342
Valerius Maximus, Marcus (3rd cen-
tury B. C.) Roman military com-
mander: defeats the forces of Car-
thage and of Syracuse, 3, 100
Valero, Texas: founded (1718), 22,
189
Val-es-dunes, Normandy: battle of
(1047), 11, 62
Valian (2nd- century A. D.), Persian
advocate of Christianity: leads re-
ligious revolt, s, 318
Vallablea-Swami (early 16th century),
religious teacher of the Hindus: ac-
count of, s, 86
Vallandigham, Clement Laird (1822-
1871), American politician: in Dem-
ocratic Convention, 24, 800; arrested
and banished, 816; defeated for gov-
ernor of Ohio, 817
Valle, Marques del (16th century), son
of Hernando Cortez: alleged con-
spiracy of, 22, 120
Vallette, John de la: see La Vallette,
John de
Valley Forge, Pennsylvania: head-
quarters for American army, 23,
260
Valmy, France: battle of (1792), 9,
277, 10, 210, 18, 356
Valnyev, Count (19th century), Rus-
GENERAL INDEX
731
sian statesman: becomes minister of
the interior, 15, 324
Valognes, Treaty of, a treaty con-
cluded between John of France and
Charles of Navarre (1355), 9, 96
Valor, Spain: battle of (1569), 8, 370
Valparaiso, Chili: battle of (1835), 21,
217; martial law declared (1858),
218; blockaded by Spanish fleet
(1865), 221; bombarded (1866), 207,
222; battle of (1891), 239; incident
of the "Baltimore" (1891), 21, 240,
34, 978
Valtelline, Massacre of (1620), 13, 462
Valverde, Vincent de (16th century),
Spanish priest: accompanies Pizar-
ro, ax, 18; death of, 27
Varna, Bulgaria: battle of (1444), 17,
158
Van Artavelde: see Artavelde, van
Van Borselen, Vrank: see Borselen,
Vrank van
Van Buren, Martin (1782-1862), Amer-
ican statesman, President of the
United States, 1837-1841: opposes
internal improvements, 33, 467; aids
Jackson, 475; in Jackson's Cabinet,
485; Jackson demands his nomina-
.tion for President, 498; Jackson's
satisfaction over nomination of, 509;
elected, 510; sketch of, 511; inaug-
urated, 511; views on government
deposits, 513; foreign relations, 514;
secures independent treasury, 514;
characterized, 516; renominated for
Presidency, 522; refuses to annex
Texas, 535; proposed as candidate
for President (1844), 536; nomi-
nated for President (1848), 558; in-
terest in Panama Canal during ad-
ministration of, 1055
Van Cortlandt, Colonel (19th cen-
tury), officer of Rinjit Singh: trains
the Sikh army, 5, 221
Vancouver, George (ca. 1755-1798),
English navigator: voyages of, 20,
129, 24, 541
Vancouver Island, British Columbia:
joined to British Columbia, 20, 170
Vandals, a powerful branch of the
Germanic race: location of, 18, 6;
settle in the Danube country, 17,
14; sketch of, 18, 31; settle in north-
ern Africa, 39; sack Rome, 3, 530,
18, 43; destruction of, 18, 49
Vandamme, Dominique Josephe (1770-
1830), French general: in the Na-
poleonic wars, 18, 383
Vandenburg, Adrien (16th century),
Netherlander boat master: aids plot
to capture Breda, 13, 156
Van den Kolk, Admiral: see Kolk,
Admiral van den
Vanderbilt, Cornelius (1794-1877),
American navigator: stockholder in
Accessory Transit Company, 34,
626; Nicaragua Canal, 1056
Van der Does, Admiral: see Does,
Admiral van der
Van der Duye, John: see Dousa
Van der Mersch, Francis (1734-1792),
Belgian soldier: commands patriot
army in Belgium, 13, 261
Van der Noot, Hendrik Nikolaas
(1750-1827), Belgian revolutionist:
leads malcontents in Belgium, 13,
260
Vanderwerf (16th century), Dutch
burgomaster: at the siege of Ley-
den, 13, 118
Van de Weyer, Sylvanus (1 802-1 874),
Belgian diplomat and lawyer: mem-
ber of Belgian provisional govern-
ment, 13, 297
Van Diemen's Land, island and Brit-
ish colony in Australasia: settlement
of, 20, 132; history of, 188; see also
Tasmania
Van Dorn, Earl (1820-1863), Ameri-
can soldier in Confederate service:
at battle of Corinth, 24, 774; attacks
Holly Springs, 775
Vandyke, Sir Anthony (1599-1641),
Flemish painter: sketch of, 13, 220
Vane, Sir Henry (or Harry) (1612-
1662), English statesman: governor
of Salem Colony, 23, 90; produces
evidence against the Earl of Straf-
ford, 11, 338; negotiates treaty be-
tween England and Scotland, 347;
introduces a reform bill, 365
Van Eyck, John: see John of Bruges
Van Hasselaar, Catherine: see Has-
selaar, Catherine van
732
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Van Ness, William P. (ca. 1800),
American attorney: preceptor of
Martin Van Buren, 23, 511
Van Rensselaer, Stephen (1 764-1 839),
American statesman and soldier:
riots on estate of, 23, 103; estate
of, 132; defeated at Queenston, 421
Vansittart, Henry (1 732-1 770), Eng-
lish agent in Bengal: attempts to
compromise with Mir Kasim, 5, 187
Van Straelen: see Straelen, van
Van Twiller, Wouter (or Walter) (ca.
1580-ca. 1646), American colonial
officer: governor of New York, 23,
103
Van Wert, Isaac (18th century),
American patriot: aids in capture
of Andre, 23, 277
Varad, Hungary: taken by the Mon-
gols, 17, 58
Varad, Treaty of, a treaty between
Hungary, Austria, and the Empire
(1538), 17, 217 ^
Varangians (Varingjar or Varings),
Norse warriors: settle in Russia, 15,
4, 16, 40
Varas, Count of (16th century), Span-
ish soldier: death of, 13, 164
Varberg, Sweden: siege of (1569), 16,
162
Varela, Pedro (19th century), Uru-
guayan statesman: his administra-
tion as president of Uruguay (1875-
1876), 21, 146
Varela, Treaty of, treaty concluded
between Sweden and Russia (1790),
15, 188
Varennes: see Billaud
Vargas (16th century), Spanish states-
man: made vice-president of the
Council of Troubles, 13, 105
Vargas, Jose (19th century), Venezue-
lan statesman: made president of
Venezuela (1835), 21, 95
Varings or Varingjars: see Varan-
gians
Varinius, Roman pretor, 73 B. C:
campaign against the gladiators, 3,
261
Varius (Q. Varius Hydrida), Roman
tribune, 90 B. C. : proposes a com-
mission to investigate Italian con-
spiracy, 3, 207
Varna (Warna), Bulgaria: siege of
(1444), 14, 65; Russians repulsed at
(1773), 336; siege of (1828), 14, 427,
15, 280
Varro, Marcus Terentius, Roman con-
sul, 216 B. C: elected consul, 3, 120
Varro, Marcus Terentius (116-28 B.
C), Roman antiquary, grammarian,
and philosopher: defeated by Cae-
sar. 3, 34i> 8, 23; flees to Mace-
donia, 3, 343
Vartan (6th century A. D.), Persian
patriot: leads religious revolt, 5,
3i8
Varthema, Ludovico di (16th cen-
tury), Italian explorer: visits In-
dia, 5, 142
Varus, Publius Atius (d. 45 B. C),
Roman soldier: defeated (49 B. C),
3, 342
Varus, Publius Quintilius: see Varus,
Quintilius
Varus Quintilius or Quinctillius (d. 9
A. D.), Roman soldier: policy of,
18, 16; defeat of, 4, 44, 18, 18
Vasa, Erik Johansson (d. 1520), father
of Gustavus I of Sweden: execution
of, 16, 149
Vasa, Gustaf Eriksson: see Gustavus
(I) Vasa
Vasco da Gama: see Gama, Vasco da
Vascones, Gallic tribe: description of,
8, 8
Vasilchikov, Prince (d. 1847), Russian
statesman: his relations with the
tsar, 15, 267
Vasili: see Vassili
Vasog, southeastern Europe: battle
of, 14, 61
Vassili (Vasili) III (IV) (Vasili Ivan-
ovitch), Grand Prince of Moscow,
ISOS-I533: reign of, 15, 15; contem-
porary of Suleiman the Great, 14,
145; frees Moscow from Tartars,
192
Vassili (Vasili) IV (V) (Shuiski)
(1552-1612), Emperor of Russia: his
struggles for supremacy, 15, 18; as-
sumes the throne, 20
GENERAL INDEX
733
Vassy, France: massacre of (1562), 9,
153
Vassy, The Butcher of: see Guise,
Frangois, Duke of
Vasvar, Peace of, treaty between Hun-
gary and Turkey (1664), 17, 228
Vasvary (19th century), Hungarian
orator: takes part in the revolution
of 1848 in Hungary, 17, 368
Vatinius, Publius (d. ca. 43 B. C.)i Ro-
man politician and soldier: pro-
poses to give the governorship of
Cisalpine Gaul to Caesar, 3, 289;
trial of, 319: defeats Octavius (47
B. C), 355
Vauban, Sebastien Le Prestre of
(1633-1707), French soldier and mili-
tary engineer: his campaign in Ger-
many, 9, 217
Vaublanc, Vincent Marie Vienot,
Count of (1756-1845), French politi-
cian:, leads deputation to the king,
10, 162; made minister of the in-
terior, 9, 367
Vaubois, Henri Belgrand, Count of
(1748-1839), French soldier: his
campaigns under the directory, 9
301
Vaucelles, Treaty of, treaty concluded
between Spain and England (1555),
9, 147
Vauchamps, France: battle of (1814)
9, 346, xo, 491
Vaudreiul-Cavagnal, Pierre Frangois
de Riguad, Marquis de (1698-1765),
French colonial governor: in the
French and Indian war, 23, 176
Vazquez (19th century), Mexican gen-
eral: at the battle of Cerro Gordo
(1847), 22, 325
Veda, collective term for the ancient
sacred literature of the Hindus:
composed, 5, 25
Vedel, Anders Sorenson (16th cen-
tury), Scandinavian historian:
sketch of, 16, 198
Vega, la (19th century), Mexican gen-
eral: at the battle of Cerro Gordo
(1847), 23, 325
Vehm, The Holy, an institution of
northern Germany in the 15th
century, 18, 230
Veii, city of ancient Italy: wars with
Rome, 3, 58
Veintemila (d. 1869), South American
military officer: attempted rebellion
of, 31, 116
Veintemilla (19th century), South
American military general: holds
the power in Ecuador (1876-1882),
21, 244
Vela, Nunez (16th century), Spanish
statesman: made viceroy of Peru,
21, 27
Velasco, Jose Antonio Manso de (ca.
1695-ca. 1762), Spanish soldier and
administrator: administrations of
22, 118
Velasco, Jose Miguel de (1795-1859),
Bolivian general and politician:
seizes the dictatorship in Bolivia,
21, 186; made provisional president
of Bolivia, 187; arrested, 187; recov-
ers his power, 188
Velasco, Luis de, Count of Santiago
(ca. 1500-1564), viceroy of Mexico:
first administration of, 22, 116; ca-
reer of, 137; second administration
of, 145
Velasquez, Diego (ca. 1465-ca. 1523),
Spanish soldier and administrator:
explorations of, 22, 3; plots against
Cortez, 63; colonizes Cuba, 447;
death of, 66
Velasquez, Rodrigo (late 10th cen-
tury), Spanish rebel: encourages
Mohammedans to invade Leon, 8,
138
Velasquez de Leon, Juan: see Leon,
Juan Velasquez de
Veli Pasha (18th century), Turkish
soldier: campaign of, 15, 124
Velia (Hyeli), a locality in ancient
Rome: founded by Phocaeans, 2,
125, 3, 28
Velitrae (Vellitri), Italy: conquered
by Rome, 3, 67
Velleda (Veleda) (1st century A. D.),
German prophetess: prophesies vic-
tory of Germans, 18, 23
Vellitri: see Velitrae
Vellore, Mutiny of, uprising of the
Sepoys at Vellore (1806), 5, 204
Venables (17th century), English mill'
734
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
tary officer: his campaign in Ire-
land, 12, 125; his expedition to the
West Indies, II, 370, 20, 71
Venceslas: see Vacslav
Vendee, La, department of France:
insurrection of, 10, 248; pacification
of, 374
Vendome, Francois de, Due de Beau-
fort (1616-1669), French politician
and admiral: conspires against
Richelieu, 9, 184; commands troops
of Conde against Anne of Austria,
204; his campaign against the pi-
rates, 208
Vendome, Louis Joseph, Duke of,
Duke of Penthievre (1654-1712),
French general: his campaign in the
War of the Spanish Succession, 9,
220, 11, 458
Venegas, Don Francisco (early 19th
century), viceroy of Mexico: his ad-
ministration, 22, 235
Venelin (early 19th century), Malo-
Russian scholar: his work, 15, 288
Venero (16th century), Spanish clerk:
plots death of William of Orange,
13, 138
Veneti, Gallic tribe of the first century
B. C. : revolt of, 9, 9; Publius Cras-
sus defeats, 3, 303; sold into slavery,
303
Venetia, Italy: its relation to Austria,
17, 4
Venetians, Italian tribe: invade
Greece, 2, 536, 538; Morea relin-
quished to, 539; severity of, towards
Greeks, 540
Venezuela, South America: declared
to be a republic (181 1), 21, 57; re-
covered by the royalists, 60; liberat-
ed, 61; declared a republic (1816),
66; united with New Granada, 69;
separated from Colombia, 84;
formation of, 84; from 1829 to 1876,
94; from 1876 to 1906, 245
Venezuelan Boundary Dispute, dis-
pute between Venezuela and Great
Britain over the boundary between
Venezuela and British Guiana
(1840-1809): account of, 11, 639, 20,
248, 21, 263, 24, 1000
"Vengeance," French frigate: cap-
tured, 23, 375
Venice, Italy, called the City of St.
Mark, The City of the Seventy
Isles, The Merchant Queen and The
Queen of the Adriatic: founded, 4,
148, 18, 42; sketch of, 4, 177; his-
tory in the Middle Ages, 4, 238;
condition of the Jews, 1, 418; at war
with Genoa, 14, 25; makes treaty
with Mohammed I of Turkey, 54; at
war with the Turks, 56, 60, 84, 113;
Selim II breaks treaty with, 195;
acquisition of territory, 4, 292; at-
tempted reformation of Sarpi, 314;
struggles of (1508-1511), 18, 227;
joins the Holy League (1511), 11,
236; concludes alliance with the
Swiss Protestants (1531), 13, 444!
the colonial system of, 20, 40; at
war with Turkey (1570), 8, 355;
peace of 1573 negotiated, 14, 199;
leader in commerce with the East,
23, 22; her commerce ruined, 25; de-
cline of, 14, 211; treaty with Tur-
key, 269; weakness of, 285; cedes
the Morea to Turkey (1718), 4, 330,
14, 291; concludes treaty with Aus-
tria (1797), 17, 282; overthrown
(1797), 18, 360; siege of (i797), 17,
283; surrender to Napoleon, 4, 344;
part of Italian kingdom, 390; popu-
lar uprising in (1848), 17, 367; siege
of (1849), 18, 402
Venice, League of, union of Italian
princes to drive the French out of
Italy (1495): account of, 4, 290
Veniero (Venerio), Sebastiano (d.
!578), Venetian admiral: leader of
expedition against Turks, 4, 310, 311
Venlo, the Netherlands: siege of
(1646), 13, 217
Ventidius Bassus, Publius (1st cen-
tury B. C), Roman general: cam-
paign against the Parthians, 4, 19
Ventura, General (early 19th century),
Italian general in the service of In-
dia: trains Sikh army, 5, 221
Venusia, Italy: established, 3, 73
Vera Cruz, Mexico: taken by Drake
(i573) 21, 30; taken by pirates
GENERAL INDEX
735
(1683), 20, 68, 22, 178; blockaded
by the French, 22, 274; the cam-
paign against (1846), 302; siege
of (1847), 22, 322, 23, 549; taken by
patriots (1867), 22, 398; arrival of
European vessels to sequestrate
revenues at, 24, 876
Verazua, Duke of (late 19th cen-
tury), Italian nobleman: at the
opening of the World's Fair, 24,
1010
Verazzano (Verrazano), Giovanni da
(early 16th century), Italian explor-
er in the service of England: his
voyage to America, 20, 49, 81
Verbiest, Pere (17th century), Dutch
missionary in China: secures the
favor of the emperor, 6, 62
Verboczy, Stephen (15th century),
Hungarian patriot and lawyer:
sketch of, 17, 167, 168; leads Hun-
garian patriots, 216; refuses to rec-
ognize Ferdinand of Austria as
King of Hungary, 217
Vercellae, Italy: battles of (218 B. C),
3, 116; (101 B. C)i 3, 195, 17, lit
18, 5
Vercelli, Treaty of, a peace between
Charles VIII of France and Louis
the Moor (1495): account of, 9, 131
Vercingetorix (d. ca. 45 B. C), Gallic
chief: made King of the Gauls, 3,
306; sketch of, 307; leads rebellion
against Rome, 9, 10; taken prisoner
by Romans, 18, 12; death of, 3, 307
Verden, Germany: massacre at, 18, 82
Verdun, France: sieges of (985 A. D.),
9, 59; (1792), 9, 276, 10, 205, 18, 356
Verdun, Treaty of, a peace between
Lothaire, King of Italy, and his
brothers (843 A. D.) : account of, 4,
179, 9, 50, 13, 341, 18, 93
Vere, Sir Francis (1554-1608), English
military officer: at the battle of
Nieuport, 13, 174; at the siege of
Ostend, 177
Vere, Sir Horace, Baron Vere of Til-
bury (1565-1635), English general:
at the battle of Nieuport (1600), 13,
174; his campaign in the Nether-
lands, 13, 179; his campaign in the
Palatinate, 11, 313, 13, 203
Vere, Robert de, Earl of Oxford (late
14th century), favorite of Richard
II: character of, II, 180; condemned
to death, 181
Verela, Treaty of, peace between
Sweden and Russia (1790): account
of, 16, 249
Veremundo: see Bermudo
Vereshchagin, Vassili Vassilivitch
(1842-1904), Russian painter: sketch
of, 15, 227, 251; death of, 7, 307, 15,
361
Vergennes, Charles Gravier, Count of
(1717-1787), French statesman and
diplomat: made minister for foreign
affairs, 9, 253; in Stockholm, 16,
229, 247; promises aid to Americans,
23, 265; suspicious conduct of, 287
Verginius, Lucius (5th century B. C),
Roman centurion: slays his daugh-
ter, 3, 45
Vergniaud, Pierre Victurnien (1759-
1793), French orator and Girondist:
his picture of the peril in which
the country stood in the middle of
1792, 10, 182; leads Girondist party,
9, 272; attacked by Robespierre and
Marat, 10, 254; accuses the Girond-
ists of conspiring with Dumouriez,
260; death of, 279
Verhaeren, Emile (1855 ), Belgian
poet: sketch of, 13, 312
Verhoef, Captain (early 17th century),
Dutch naval commander at the bat-
tle of the Bay of Gibraltar, 13, 183
Vermont, one of the United States,
means " Green Mountain," called
Green Mountain State: origin, 23,
95; quarrel between New York and
New Hampshire over, 312; paper-
currency riots, 316; disorders in col-
ony, 321; admitted to the Union, 23,
257, 24, 567; experiments with a sin-
gle legislative house, 10, 88 note;
attitude toward War of 1812,23,431;
in Hartford Convention, 431; free
state, 452; presidential election
of 1848, 24, 559; abolition of slav-
ery, 563; election of 1854, 645; elec-
tion of 1896, 1018; election of 1904,
1072
Vernacular Press Act, a bill passed by
736
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
the British government in India to
restrict criticism by the native jour-
nals: passed (1878), 5, 256; repealed
(1882), 260
Verneuil, France: battle of (1424). 9>
114, 11, 202, 12, 289
Verneuil, Henrietta d' Eutragues,
Marquise of (early 17th century),
French courtisan: her intrigues
with Henry IV of France, 9, 172;
her arrest, 174
Vernon, Edward (1684-1757), English
admiral, called Old Grog: captures
Porto Bello and Cartagena, 22, 194
Verona, Italy: founded, 3, 58; battles
of (249 A. D.), 4, 109; (312 A. D.),
118; (403 A. D.), 138; (489 A. D.),
156; conquered by Venice (1404),
250; battle of (1799), 10, 403
Verona, Congress of, a council of Eu-
ropean sovereigns (1822): account
of, 9, 379, 15, 266, 17, 323
Verona, Diet of, a council of the Aus-
trian Empire (1245): account of, 17,
94
Verrazano, Giovanni (1486-1527), Ital-
ian navigator: searches ior the
Northwest Passage, 23, 46
Verres, Gaius (112-42 B: C), Roman
governor: indicted by Cicero, 3,
266; governor of Sicily, -389
Verrua, Italy: siege of, 4, 327
Versailles, Peace of, treaty between
Great Britain and the United States
(1783): account of, 5, 194, 9, 257, 20,
128, 23, 286
Versailles, Treaties of, secret alliances
between France and Austria (1756
and 1757), 15, 144, 17, 243
Versailles, Treaty of, compact be-
tween France and the United States
(1778): account of, 23, 267
Verseghy (late 18th century)-, Hun-
garian poet: account of literary
work of, 17, 333; arouses the Hun-
garian nation, 334
Verus, Caius Commodus (d. 138 A.
D.), Emperor of Rome, ca. 135-138
A. D.: associated with the Emperor
Hadrian, 4, 93
Verus Caesar, Lucius Aelius, Roman
Emperor, 161-169 A. D. : adopted by
Antoninus, 4, 93; raised to the pur-
ple, 96; death, 97
Vervins, Peace of, a truce between
Philip II of Spain and Henry IV of
France (1598): account of, 9, 171,
13, 164, 17, 176
Vespasian (Titus Flavius Sabinus
Vespasianus) (9-79 A. D.), Roman
Emperor, 69-79 A. D., called the
Darling of Mankind: his campaigns
in the East, 1, 410, 4, 78; his cam-
paign in Britain, 4, 59; proclaimed
imperator, 72; reign of, 81; strength-
ens the Roman forces in Austro-
Hungarian territory, 17, 12; condi-
tion of Germany under, 18, 23; con-
dition of Spain under, 8, 26, 28;
death of, 4, 82
Vespucci, Amerigo, an Italian navi-
gator, who gave his name to the
New World: was born at Florence,
March 9, 1451; educated by his un-
cle, Giorgio Antonio Vespucci, an
eminent scholar, and applied himself
especially to astronomy and cos-
mography; in his early life was en-
gaged in mercantile pursuits; in
1490 removed to Spain, where, it is
said, he became acquainted with
Columbus in 1492; Vespucci was
employed as a merchant at Seville
for several years; accompanied an
expedition which Ojeda conducted
to America in 1499; according to a
letter written by Vespucci he took
part in an expedition sent by the
King of Spain in 1497 and discov-
ered new islands and lands; made
four voyages to the New World,
but he had not chief command of
any one of these expeditions; the
part of the country he discovered
was near the equator; entered the
service of the King of Portugal and
sailed in 1501 on an exploring expe-
dition to Brazil; on his return, Sep-
tember, 1502, he was received with
great honor and rejoicing at Lisbon;
about 1505 he returned to Spain;
died at Seville, February 22, 1512
Accompanies Ojeda, 21, 15; gives
his name to the New World, 16;
GENERAL INDEX
737
first to call America a new world,
23, 35
Vessel, Peder: see Tordenskiold, Pe-
der Vessel
Vesteraas, Sweden: battle of (1521),
16, 153
Vesteraas, Diet of (1527), 16, 155
Vesteraas Recess, Swedish statute
(1527), 16, 158
Vesuvius, mountain in Italy: eruptions
of (79 A. D.), 3, 524, 4, 83; (1906),
4, 406
Veszprim (Veszprem), Hungary: bat-
tle of (ca. 1000 A. D.), 17, 47
Veto, Madame: see Marie Antoinette,
Queen of France
Veto, Monsieur: see Louis XVI, King
of France
Veto Act, an act of the General As-
sembly of Scotland providing that
no minister should be placed in any
parish against the will of the con-
gregation (1834), 12, 373
Vetranio (4th century A. D.), Roman
officer: proclaimed emperor, 4, 124
Vetsera, Marie, Austrian baroness:
death of (1899), 17, 456
Vettius, Titus (2nd century B. C.)
Roman knight: leads slave revolt
(104 B. C.)f 3, 186
Viazemski, Prince Alexander (1727-
1796), Russian soldier: Catherine's
advice to, 15, 182
Viazma, Russia: battle of (1812), 15,
246
Viborg, Denmark: battle of (1157),
16, 80
Viborg Manifesto, The, issued by the
outlawed duma, at Viborg, Finland
(1906), 15, 367
Vicalvaro, Spain: battle of (1854), 8,
504
Vice-President of the Confederacy:
term of office, 24, 695
Vice-President of the United States:
election and powers, 23, 333; salary,
346; succeeds to office of President,
24, 526
Vicksburg, Warren County, Missis-
sippi: campaign against, 24, 775;
siege of (1863), 777; turning point in
Civil War, 783; election battle of
1874, 872 note; yellow fever epi-
demic, 923
Victor II, Pope, 1055-1057: appointed
by Henry III of Germany, 18, 130
Victor IV, anti-Pope, 1159: recognized
by Frederick Barbarossa, 18, 151
Victor, Saint (d. 303 A. D.), early
Swiss Christian: martyred, 13, 334
Victor, Claude Perrin, Duke of Bel-
luno (1766-1841), a French marshal:
his campaign against Russia, 15,
249
Victor Amadeus I (1666-1732), King
of Sardinia (II, Duke of Savoy) :
reign of, 4, 326; at war with the
French, 9, 218; forms alliance with
French, 219; forms an alliance with
Germany, 18, 312; joins the allies
against Spain, 8, 407
Victor Amadeus II (1726-1796), King
of Sardinia (III, Duke of Savoy):
concludes peace with Napoleon, 9,
298
Victor Amadeus I (1617-1636), Duke
of Savoy, 1630-1636: reign of, 4,319;
at war with France, 9, 187
Victor Amadeus II and III, Dukes of
Savoy: see Victor Amadeus I and
II, Kings of Sardinia
Victor Asmodeus: see Victor Ama-
deus
Victor Emanuel I, King of Italy: see
Victor Emmanuel II, King of Sar-
dinia
Victor Emanuel III (1869 ), King
of Italy, 1900 : reign of, 4, 397,
405
Victor Emmanuel I (1759-1824), King
of Sardinia, 1802-1821: abdicates, 4,
355
Victor Emmanuel II (1820-1878),
King of Sardinia (I, King of Italy) :
accession to Sardinian throne, 4, 359,
17, 373, 18, 402; accession to Ital-
ian throne, 4, 376; accession to
throne of the Two Sicilies, 384;
unites all Italy, 18, 405; joins allies
against Russia, 11, 617
Victoria, Africa: founded, 19, 50;
placed under British protection,
in; ceded to Germany, 177; battle
of (1893), 233
738
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Victoria, Australia: named, 20, 189;
ratifies the new Constitution (1899),
206
Victoria, Hong-Kong: founded, 20,
255
"Victoria," one of Magellan's vessels:
completes the circumnavigation of
the world, 23, 37
Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria),
Queen of Great Britain and Ireland,
1837-1901, and Empress of India,
1877-1901, called The Mirror of Jus-
tice: born at Kensington Palace,
May 24, 1819; was the only child
of Edward, Duke of Kent (son of
George III) and Marie Louisa Vic-
toria of Saxe-Coburg, who was a
sister of Leopold I of Belgium; her
education was directed by the Duch-
ess of Northumberland; she re-
ceived instructions in political af-
fairs and principles from Lord Mel-
bourne; on the death of her uncle,
William IV, succeeded to the
throne, June 20, 1837, and was
crowned June 28, 1838; on February
10, 1840, she was married to Prince
Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha; be-
tween 1840 and 1843 three attempts
were made to assassinate her; visited
Louis Philippe in France in 1843,
and traveled with Prince Albert in
Germany in 1845; after the death of
Prince Albert, December 14, 1861,
she lived a life of comparative re-
tirement; some important events of
succeeding years of her reign were:
the passage of Disraeli's Reform
Bill of 1867, the Gladstone minis-
try's great measures, including the
disestablishment of the Irish church
(1868-1874), the passage of the Irish
Land Acts, the Ballot Act, the Ele-
mentary Education Act, and the
abolition of purchase in the army,
the ministry of Beaconsfield (1874-
1880), during which the Queen was
proclaimed Empress of India (Janu-
ary 1, 1877) and the Home Rule
movement in Ireland, during the
premiership of Mr. Gladstone; in
the more recent years of her reign
occurred several minor foreign wars,
as in Ashantee, Afghanistan, Zulu-
land, the Transvaal, and Egypt, and
the important war of 1900-1901 with
the Boer Republics in South Africa;
this war and the considerable loss
of life among the British troops af-
fected the queen seriously and her
health began to fail; her weakness
increased rapidly in the early days
of 1901, and she died January 22,
1901
Reign of (1837-1901), 11, 595; is-
sues proclamation of neutrality to-
ward American belligerents, 24, 723;
visits Napoleon III, 9, 448; pro-
claimed Empress of India, 5, 254;
death of, 5, 287, 11, 641
Victoria, Guadalupe (1789-1843),
Mexican soldier and politician: hero-
ism of, 22, 244; in hiding, 248; joins
revolt of Santa Anna, 258; made
member of triumvirate, 258; declared
president of Mexico, 264
Victoria Land, a land in the Antarctic
regions: discovered, 16, 333
Victoria Nyanza, a lake in Africa: dis-
covered, 19, 53
Victorinus, Marcus Piavvonius (d.
268 A. D.), Roman general: con-
version of, 4, 128
Victory, The City of: see Cairo,
Egypt
Victory, The Favored Child of: see
Massena, Andre
Victualing (Vitalen) Brotherhood,
The, society of Freebooters, 16, 122
Vicuna, Claudio, Chilian statesman:
elected president of Chili by the
Balmacedists (1891), 21, 239
Vidal (17th century), Brazilian pa-
triot: leads rebellion against foreign
rule in Brazil (1654), 21, 33
Vidal (19th century), South American
general: proclaims himself supreme
head of Peru, 21, 196
Vidal, Francisco A. (19th century),
Uruguayan statesman: made acting
president of Uruguay, 21, 144; made
president of Uruguay, 258
GENERAL INDEX
739
Vidaure (19th century), Peruvian
statesman: opposes plans of Bolivar
(1826), 21, 80
Vieilleville, de, French marshal; op-
poses persecution of Protestants by
Parlement (i559)> 9, *49
Vieira, Fernandez (17th century),
Brazilian patriot: leads rebellion
against foreign rule in Brazil (1654),
M, 33
Vienna (Vindobona), Austria-Hun-
gary: as a fortified town of the Ro-
man empire, 17, 12; restored by
Henry II of Austria, 91; under Leo-
pold the Proud, 93; made a free city,
18, 164; taken by Rudolf of Haps-
burg (1276), 17, 75, 18, 180; revolt
of (1286), 17, 100; placed under the
ban of the empire, 108; besieged by
the Magyars (1485), 164; surrender
of, demanded (1490), 18, 219; be-
sieged by the Turks (1529), 14, 152
17, 179, 18, 250; (1682), 14, 6, 248,
15, 382, 17, 184, 230, 18, 303; advent
of the Jesuits in, 17, 179; Count
Thurns encamps before (1619), 18,
269; occupied by the French (1805),
10, 464, 17, 293, 18, 367; (1809), 17,
298, 18, 377; popular uprising in
(1848), 17, 370, 18, 398; siege of
(1848), 18, 401; revolution in (1849),
374; taken by the Prussians (1866),
18, 412; internal improvements in,
17, 414, 415
Vienna, Concordat of (1448), 18, 213
Vienna, Congress of (1814-1815), re-
constructing Europe after the Na-
poleonic wars: account of, 4, 350, 9,
359, 11, 567, 15, 262, 386, 16, 258, 17,
312, 18, 388; Turkey excluded from,
14, 410
Vienna, Council of (1312): abolishes
the Knights Templars, 8, 249
Vienna, Treaties and Peaces of:
1606. Concluded between the
Transylvanians and the Magyars
of Upper Hungary on one side
and the imperialists of Hungary
on the other, 17, 224
1731. An alliance concluded be-
tween the Emperor, Great Britain,
and Holland, to guarantee the
Pragmatic Sanction, 13, 253
1735- A preliminary treaty between
France and Germany, 8, 410, 17,
192, 18, 324
1738. Concluded between Charles
VI of Germany and Louis XV of
France, 15, 383
1809. Concluded between Napoleon
I of France and Francis II of
Germany, 9, 336, 10, 396, 17, 336,
18, 377
1814. A treaty by which the condi-
tions of the Treaty of Abo were
carried out, 16, 254
1815. Concluded between Denmark
and Prussia, 16, 267
1864. Concluded between Den-
mark, Prussia, and Austria, 275
Vienna, University of: founded, 17,
104
Vienna Note, a scheme to prevent
war between Russia and Turkey
(1853), 11, 614, 14, 450, 15, 305
Vieyra, John Ferdinand de (17th cen-
tury), Brazilian merchant and revo-
lutionist: leads Brazilian revolt, 20,
61
Vieyra, Martin (15th century), Portu-
guese chaplain: treason of (1437), 8,
307
Vigee (d. 1793), Girondist deputy in
the French Revolution: death of, 10,
279
Vigier, Wilhelm, Swiss popular states-
man: work of, 13, 564
Vigilance Committees, in United
States history, associations for the
protection of the community in
times of danger: agreed upon by
first Continental Congress, 23, 224;
recommended by the Nashville Con-
vention, 611; compared in the South
to the Ku-Klux-Klan, 871; mails
searched by, in the South, 24, 576;
instituted in California, 597
Vigilius van Zwychen van Ayta
(1507-1577), Dutch jurist and states-
man: sketch of, 13, 76; becomes
Primate of the Lowlands, 8i; op-
poses Alva's taxation, no
740
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Vigo, Spain: battle of (1703), 9, 221
Vijayanagar (Uarsingha), Kingdom
of, India: account of, 5, 105
Vikings, Scandinavian tribe: age of,
16, 12; in Northumbria, 16, 20; in
Russia, 22; lay siege to Paris, 23;
in Ireland, 43; settle Iceland, 44;
see also Northmen
Vikramaditya Sakari, King of Ojjain
in Malwa in India: reign of, 5, 73
Vilas, William Freeman (1840 ),
American statesman: Postmaster-
General, 24, 950 note
Vilemov, Truce of, a peace between
Mathias Corvinus, on the part of
the Pope, and the Polish nation
(1468): account of, 17, 146
Vilhelm, Bishop of Roeskilde (nth
century), Danish ecclesiastic: his
relations with Svend Estridsen, 16,
68
Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz, Mexico:
founded, 22, 18
Villadarias, Francisco de Castilla,
Marquis of (early 18th century),
Spanish military commander: at-
tempts to defend Cadiz, 8, 391
Villafafia, Antonio (early 16th cen-
tury), Spanish soldier in Mexico:
conspires against Cortez, 22, 50
Villafranca, Italy: battles of (1515),
4, 294; (1866), 390
Villafranca, Armistice of, peace be-
tween France and Austria (1859):
concluded, 4, 374, 9, 451, 17, 385
Village, The Little: see London, Eng-
land
Villagos, southeastern Europe: Gorgei
surrenders at, 15, 302
Villalba (19th century), president of
Uruguay, 1865: election of, 21, 144
Villalobos, Pedro de (late 16th cen-
tury), Spanish statesman: member
of governing audiencia, 22, 120
Villalobos, Ruy Lopez de (16th cen-
tury), Spanish explorer: explora-
tions of, 22, 109
Villanueva (late 16th century), Span-
ish statesman: appointed to the gov-
ernment of Mexico, 22, 126
Villaragut, Dona Carraza (14th cen-
tury), Spanish court-lady: promotes
the follies of the Aragonese court,
8, 258
Villaret-Joyeuse, Louis Thomas,
Count (1750-1812), French naval
officer: at battle of Belle-Isle, 9,
294
Villars, Admiral de (late 16th cen-
tury), French naval officer: his cam-
paign against the French, 13, 162
Villars, Claude Louis Hector, Duke of
(1653-1734), French marshal: his
campaigns in the War of the Span-
ish Succession, 9, 221, 18, 313, 323;
president of the council of war, 9,
227; member of the king's council,
234; his campaign in Italy, 235
Villars, Pierre de (16th century),
Protestant minister: believed to
have written the " Apology " of
William of Orange, 13, 136
Villaverdi (contemporary), Spanish
statesman: ministries of, 8, 521
Villaviciosa, Portugal: battles of
(1657), 8, 466; (1664), 3795 (1710),
9, 224, 13, 251
Ville, Ambrose (16th century), French
Calvinist: preaches Protestantism,
13, 92
Villegagnon, island off the coast of
Brazil: settled, 21, 29
Villegagnon, Nicolas Darand, Cheva-
lier (1510-1571), French admiral:
attempts to make a settlement in
Brazil, 20, 82
Villekens, Admiral (early 17th cen-
tury), Dutch naval officer: his ex-
pedition against Brazil, 21, 33
Villele, Count Jean Baptiste Seraphin
Joseph de (1773-1854), French
statesman: admitted to the council,
9, 375; made minister of finance,
378
Villemain, Abel Francois (1790-1870),
French critic, orator, and minister
of state: his relations to the resolu-
tion of 1830, 9, 391; opposes the
September Laws, 408
Villemoes, Captain (early 19th cen-
tury), Danish naval commander: at
the battle of Copenhagen, 16, 256
Villeneuve, France: battle of (1814),
9, 346
GENERAL INDEX
741
Villeneuve, Nicholas, Marquis of (early
18th century), French statesman:
negotiations of, 15, 123
Villeneuve, Pierre Charles Jean Bap-
tiste Silvestre . de (1 763-1 806),
French admiral: commands Toulon
fleet, 9, 325
Villeroi, Frangois de Neufville, Duke
of (1644-1730), marshal of France:
defeated at Ramillies, 16, 218; taken
prisoner by Eugene of Savoy, 9,
220; policy of, 228
Villeta, South America: battle of
(1868), 31, 159
Villiers (late 18th century), French
commander in America: succeeds
Jumonville, 23, 172
Villiers, Charles (b. 1802), English
politician: presents bill for repeal of
Corn Law, II, 600; introduces a reso-
lution concerning the repeal of the
Corn Law, 610
Villiers, George, Marquis of Bucking-
ham: see Buckingham, George Vil-
liers, Marquis of
Villiers de Lisle, Adam Philippe de
(1464-1534), Grand Master of the
Order of St. John of Jerusalem:
surrenders to Suleiman, 14, 148
Vilmanstrand, Finland: battle of
(1741), 16, 228
Vilmanstrand: see Wilmanstrand
Vilmergen, Switzerland: battles of
(1656), 13, 476; (1712), 480
Vilna: see Wilna
Vimeiro (Vimiera), Portugal: battle
of (1808), 8, 486, 9, 333, 11, 562
Vine, France: battle of (717 A. D.),
9, 36
Vincennes, Indiana: in French claims,
23, 168
Vincennes, Chateau of, France: at-
tacked by mob, 10, 129
Vindelici, inhabitants of Vindelicia:
conquered by the Romans, 17, 12
Vindex, Caius Julius (d. 68 A. D.),
Roman general: conspires against
Nero, 4, 67
Vindex, Macrinus (2nd century A.
D.), Roman legate: defeated by the
barbarians (170 A. D.), 17, 14
Vindobona: see Vienna
Vinea, Peter de (ca. 1 190-1249), Ital-
ian jurist and statesman: treachery
of, 18, 166
Vinegar Hill, Ireland: battle of
(1798), 12, 212
Vinland (Vinland the Good), sup-
posed to be a portion of America:
the discovery of, 16, 49
Viol, Hans (early 15th century),
Swiss poet: sketch of, 13, 427
Violante, queen of Juan I of Aragon,
1387-1395: conduct of, 8, 258
Violated Treaty, City of the: see
Limerick, Ireland
Violet, Corporal: see Napoleon. (I)
Bonaparte, Emperor of the French
Violet, Father: see Napoleon (I)
Bonaparte, Emperor of the French
Violet Crown, City of the: see Athens,
Greece
Vionville, France: battle of (1870), 9,
464
Virasoro (d. 1868), South American
statesman: assassinated, 21, 129
Viret, Peter (1511-1571), Swiss re-
former: teaches in the University of
Lausanne, 13, 448
" Virgen de Covadonga," Spanish gun-
boat: captured by the " Esmeralda,"
21, 221
Virgil (Publius Virgilius Maro) (70-
19 B. C), Roman poet: anachron-
isms of, 2, 31; his description of Car-
thage, 20, 21
Virgin, The, mother of Christ: mi-
raculous appearance to Mexicans,
24, 552
Virginia, colony and state of the
United States, called the Old Do-
minion State and the Mother of
States: colony planted (1607), 23,
56; liberties insured by the first
charter, 56; growth of, II, 313; con-
dition of Jews in, 1, 426; named, 23,
53; colonial government of, 56, 115;
slave uprising (1687), 129; status of
indented servants, 131; tobacco in-
dustry, 136; educational methods as
a colony, 141; population at begin-
ning of the Revolution, 126; print-
ing press introduced (1729), 143;
colonial newspapers, 144; franchise
742
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
denied Catholics, 148; colonial suf-
frage laws, 148; Church of England
established, 149; religious persecu-
tions, 149; clergy made subject to
laws, 150; salary of clergy paid with
tobacco, 150; postal system estab-
lished, 153; Cohabitation Act, 155;
territory of, granted to colonization
companies, 170; opposition to
Stamp Act, 21 1; opposes the Town-
shend law, 216; appointment of a
committee of correspondence, 218;
proposes first Continental Congress,
222; adopts a constitution, 238; pro-
poses a declaration of independence,
239; cedes to United States her
claims to western lands, 302; gives
up claims to Northwest Territory,
317; commissioners appointed to
decide Potomac commercial policy,
321; chooses delegates for Constitu-
tional Convention, 322; ratification
of the national Constitution, 337;
opposes financial schemes of Hamil-
ton, 349; rank as to population, 479;
opposes R. M. Johnson's nomina-
tion, 510; Declaration of Rights, 24,
564; slavery regarded with disfavor,
564; slavery conditions in, 20, 75;
abolition societies formed, 24, 571;
slave uprising in Southampton
County, 575; John Brown plans
raids from, 673; Presidential election
of i860, 683; Confederates seize
Norfolk navy yard, 692; calls a com-
promise convention, 702; gathering
of Confederate troops, 716; secedes,
717; Arlington Heights and Alex-
andria taken by Federals, 731;
Grant's plan for campaign in, 787;
sword presented to Lee by legisla-
ture of, 812; Booth shot, 826; re-
construction policy of Lincoln, 833;
under military rule, 847; readmitted,
848; in Presidential election (1868),
860; readmitted to representation,
863; Democrats regain control in,
873; negro franchise, 873
Virginia, University of: founded by
Jefferson, 383
Virginia Dynasty, name popularly
given to the earlier presidents of
the United States, 23, 434
Virginia Gazette, the first newspaper
printed in the United States (1736):
founded, 23, 144
Virginia Military Institute, school at
Lexington, Virginia: Jackson re-
signs from faculty of, 24, 772
Virginia Plan, the outline of a consti-
tution proposed by Governor Ran-
dolph of Virginia, 23, 325
Virginius (1st century A. D.), Roman
officer: conspires against Nero, 4,
67
" Virginius," American merchant ves-
sel: captured by the Spanish, 24,
887
Viriathus (2nd century A. D.), Span-
ish hero: leads revolt, 3, 161, 8, 19;
death, 3, 162
Virieu, Frangois Henri, Count de
(1754-1793), French officer: pleads
for the constitution, 10, 59; pro-
poses abolition of law protecting
doves and pigeons, 74; given com-
mand of the insurrectionists at Ly-
ons, 269
Virtue, League of (Tugenbund), a pa-
triotic association in Germany
(1809): description of, 18, 376, 379
Visby: see Wisby
Viscaino, Sebastian (late 16th cen-
tury), Spanish military commander:
explorations of, 22, 140
Vischer, Colonel (early 19th century),
Swiss military officer: at the battle
of Pratteln, 13, 541
Visconti, House of, Ghibelline family
in Italy: power of, 4, 217, 218
Visconti, Galleazzo (1277-1328): Duke
of Milan: assisted by Lewis of
Bavaria, 18, 187
Visconti the Great, Matteo (1250-
1322), Italian statesman: becomes
chief of Milan, 4, 217
Viseu, Portugal: sieges of (1027), 8,
139, 272; (1057), 142, 272
Vishnu-worship, an East Indian cult:
description of, 5, 82
Visigoths, the westerly division of the
Goths: location of, 17, 14; attacked
GENERAL INDEX
743
by the Huns, 15; drive back Huns,
16; their relations with Clovis, 18,
47; see also Goths
Visin (Vizin, Wisin, Von-Vezin),
Denis Ivanovitch (1745-1792), Rus-
sian dramatist: account of, 15, 193
Visp, Switzerland: battle of (1388),
13, 392
Vitelli, Ciapino (d. 1576), Italian gen-
eral: at the siege of Mons, 13, 113
Vitellius, Aulus (1569 A. D.), Roman
soldier, Emperor of Rome, 69 A. D.:
accession of, 4, 71; death of, 74
Vitiges, King of the Ostrogoths, 536-
540 A. D.: reign of, 4, 159, 9, 25, 18,
49
Vitimer (4th century A. D.), King of
the Ostrogoths: defeated by the
Huns, 18, 33
Vitold, Prince (early 15th century),
Grand Duke of Lithuania: offered
the crown of Poland, 17, 131
Vitovt, Alexander (late 14th century),
Grand Duke of Lithuania: his rule
in Lithuania, 15, 379
Vittoria, Spain: battle of (1813), 8,
486, 488, 9, 344
Vivanco, Colonel (early 19th century),
South American patriot: rebellion
of, 21, 196; supports the claims of
Vidal, 196; sketch of, 197; made
president of Peru, 197; defeated by
Castille, 199; his negotiations with
Spain, 205
Vizarron y Eguiarreta, Juan Antonio
de, Archbishop of Mexico, viceroy
of New Spain, 1734-1740: his admin-
istration, 22, 194
Vladimir (I) the Great or Saint,
(late 10th century), Grand Prince
of Russia: promotes Christianity,
15, 8
Vladimir (II) Monomachus, Grand
Prince of Russia, 1113-1125: reign
of, 15, 8
Vladimiresco (d. 1821), Prince of Wal-
lacia: pretensions of, 15, 266
Vladislav (I) Jagiello, King of Po-
land, 1354-1433: marries Hedwiga,
x 5, 375; accession of, 376; supports
Witold of Lithuania, 18, 208
Vladislav VI, King of Poland, 1434-
1444, King of Hungary, 1440-1444:
account of, 14, 61, 62; reign of, 15,
379; resists breaking of treaty, 14,
65; slain at Varna, 14, 67, 17, 158
Vladislav (Ladislaus) VII, King of
Poland, 1632-1648: on the Muscovite
throne, 15, 81; reign of, 380
Vladislav Jagellon (15th century), son
of Vladislav II, King of Poland:
promised the crown of Bohemia, 17,
136; death of, 139
Vladislav or Vladislaus: see also Lad-
islaus
Vladivostok, Manchuria: Russian
stronghold, 6, 310
Vladivoz (10th century), Polish
prince, ruler of Bohemia: reign of,
17, 64
Voadicea: see Boadicea
Vocel (early 19th century), Slav pa-
triotic poet: sketch of, 17, 343
Vodnik (early 19th century), Illyrian
poet: praises Napoleon, 17, 301
Voelkersam, Admiral (contemporary),
Russian naval officer: his services
in the Russo-Japanese War, 7, 314
Vogelinseck, Switzerland: battle of
(1403), 13, 390
Vbgg, legendary Norse hero: avenges
death of Rolf Krake, 16, 18
Vohsen, Herr (late 19th century),
German official: in German East
Africa, 19, 140
Voinarovski, Cossack leader: influ-
ences Mazeppa, 15, 47
Vojtech: see Adalbert, St.
Volaterrae, Italy: siege of (ca. 82-80
B. C), 3, 228
Volhynia, Russia: added to Russia,
15, 192
Volinski, Artemii (d. 1733), Russian
statesman: in the war with Persia,
15, 78; his library, 86; death of, no
Volkov, Theodore (1729-1763), Rus-
sian dramatist: opens a theater, 15,
149
Volney, Constantin Frangois, Count
(1757-1820), French philosopher,
author and traveler: his prediction
for Turkey, 14, 373
744
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Volscians (Volsci), Italian tribe: wars
with Rome, 3, 22; conquered by the
Romans, 63
Volso, Lucius Manlius (3rd century
B. G), Roman consul, 256 B. C:
joins invasion of Africa, 3, 101
Volta of Como> Alessandro (1745-
1827), Italian electrician: sketch of,
4, 339
Voltaire (Frangois Marie Arouet),
French philosopher and scholar,
called The Dictator of Letters, The
Patriarch or Philosopher of Ferney,
The Apostle of Infidelity and The
Great Pan: born in Paris, Febru-
ary 20, 1694, or November 21, 1694;
his education was received at the
Jesuit college, Louis-le-Grand; at
the age of sixteen he left college
and at his father's wish began the
study of law, though he had no taste
for it; his wit and facility in turn-
ing verses made him a favorite in
the houses of great lords, but also
brought him into trouble with the
authorities; some scandalous lines
on the regent led to his banishment
from Paris in May, 1716, and just a
year later, for a satire that really
was not his, was sent to the Bastile;
during his eleven months' confine-
ment he laid the foundations of his
poetic fame; the relations he culti-
vated with the nobility exposed him
to a rude insult from the Chevalier
de Rohan, who had him beaten and
thrown into the Bastile when he
showed himself revengeful; he was
set free only on condition that he
retire to England (1726); the three
years spent there and the acquaint-
ance they gave him with English
literature, institutions, philosophy,
and life were of the utmost impor-
tance for the development of his
ideas and criticisms; he returned to
France, 1729, and after three years
of almost continual movement, but
great productivity, he settled down
to a quiet and industrious life at
Cirey with Mme. du Chatelet, where
he remained until her death in 1749;
in these years he was interested in
the study of the natural sciences; he
had already established relations by
correspondence with Frederick II
of Prussia and in 1750 accepted his
invitation to live at his court, but
rivalries and jealousies, his own du-
plicity and petulance and the King's
steady mastery filled his stay in
Berlin with irritations and quarrels;
he fled in anger in 1753; after some
years of wandering he purchased an
estate at Ferney, near Geneva,
where the rest of his life centered;
in these years Ferney became the
resort of literary men from all part's
of Europe and the " patriarch of
Ferney " was the foremost man-of-
letters of the world; died in Paris,
May 30, 1778; the Revolution gave
him the honor of public burial in the
Pantheon
Anticipates the French Revolu-
tion, 16, 112; his relations with Fred-
erick the Great, 18, 328, 345; sketch
of, 10, 13; in Switzerland, 13, 489;
incites Swiss reforms, 500; his
account of Charles XII of Sweden,
15, 66; Catherine's correspondence
with, 197; his account of Peter Ill's
death, 198; his estimate of Charles
XII of Sweden, 16, 224; his esti-
mate of the Holy Roman Empire,
18, 297; quoted, 23, 172
Volunteer Movement, name given to
the forming of military companies
among the Irish Protestants (1778):
account of, 12, 182
Vonck, Francis (1735-1792), a Flem-
ish jurist: leads republican move-
ment in Brussels, 13, 261
Vondel, Joost van den (1587-1679),
Dutch poet: sketch of, 13, 220
Vop River, Russia: battle of the
(1812), 15, 248
Vordingborg, Peace of, a truce be-
tween Erik of Denmark and Adolf
of Holstein (1435): account of, 16,
127
Vorontsov, Count Michael Ilariono-
vitch (1710-1767), Russian states-
man in the conspiracy to place Eliz-
GENERAL INDEX
745
abeth on the throne, 15, 133; made
minister, 136; Frederick's gifts to,
141; made chancellor, 148; plots for
Catherine, 156
Vorontsov, Prince Michael Semeno-
vitch (1782-1856), Russian general
and statesman: made governor of
the Caucasus, 15, 299
Vorstius, Conrad (early 17th century),
religious leader in Holland: leads
Remonstrants, 13, 194
Vortigern (5th century A. D.), British
chieftain: invites Jutes to Britain,
11, 17; defeated by Jutes, 18
Voszice, Treaty of, an agreement
among the Catholic and Protestant
states of Austria-Hungary (1425),
17, 133
Vougle, France: battle of (507 A. D.),
9, 20
Voznitsin (late 17th century), Russian
statesman: ambassador to western
Europe, 15, 33
Vratislav II, King of Bohemia, 1061-
1092: reign of, 17, 64
Vysocki (19th century), Hungarian
officer: in the Hungarian insurrec-
tion, 15, 302
w
Wachtendenck, Netherlands: taken by-
Prince Maurice, 13, 172
Wadai, a Mohammedan kingdom of
the eastern Sudan, Africa: descrip-
tion of, 19, 164; recognized as with-
in the French sphere of influence,
19, 167, 20, 280
Waddington, Joshua (late 18th cen-
tury), a Tory merchant: sued by
Elizabeth Rutgers, 23, 309
Waddington, William Henry (1826-
1894), a French statesman and arch-
aeologist: at Berlin Congress, 14, 487
Wade (18th century), an English gen-
eral: his campaign in Scotland, 12,
365
Wade, Benjamin Franklin (1800-1878),
an American lawyer and statesman:
signs address against Douglas, 24,
633; opposed to Lincoln, 838; popu-
larity of, 855; in San Domingo com-
mission, 880
Wade, James F. (1843 ), an Ameri-
can general: member of Spanish-
American Commission, 22, 463
Wade, Sir Thomas (19th century), an
English diplomat: sent to negotiate
preliminary convention, 6, 177; on
the Tientsin massacre, 224; ar-
ranges difficulty between China and
Japan, 235; on the murder of Mar-
gary, 240; hauls down his flag, 241
Wade-Davis Bilk a measure for the
reconstruction of the Southern
States (1864): passed, 24, 837
Wadenswil, Switzerland: insurrection
of (1646), 13, 469
Wadenswil, Steffan von (19th cen-
tury), a Swiss patriot: at the As-
sembly of Uster, 13, 535
Wadstrom (Wadstroem), Carl Berns
(1746-1799), a Swedish philan-
thropist: leads settlement of Swedes
in Africa, 20, 130
Wadsworth, Captain (late 17th cen-
tury), an American soldier: story of
rebuff of Fletcher, 23, 93
Wafangao Pass: see Feng-Shui Pass
Wagner, Sebastian (16th century), a
Swiss reformer: reforms of, 13, 439
Wagram, Austria: battle of (1809), 9,
336, 10, 480, 17, 299, 18, 377
Wahab, Abdul (1691-1787), Arabian
religious leader: founds the sect of
the Wahabites, 14, 317
Wahabites (Wahabees or Wahabis),
the followers of Abdul Wahab, a
Mohammedan reformer: rise of, 14,
317; ascendency in Arabia, 365, 385;
conquered by Mohammed AH, 1, 38,
14, 408
Waiblinger: see Ghibbeline
Waifar (ca. 725-768), Duke of Aqui-
taine: reign of, 9, 41
Waitangi, Treaty of, a treaty by
which New Zealand recognized
British sovereignty (1840), 20, 211
Waite, Morrison Remick (1816-1888),
an American jurist: counsel in Ge-
neva Commission, 24, 885
Waizen, Austria-Hungary: taken by
the Mongols (1235), 17, 58
Wajid Ali (Wajeed Alee) (d. 1887),
King of Oudh, 1842-1856: deposed,
5, 230
Wakefield, Yorkshire, England: bat-
tle of, 11, 212
Wakefield, Edward Gibbon (1796-
1862), an English political econo-
mist: colony system of, 20, 190
Wake-no-Kyomaro (8th century), a
Japanese courtier: opposes influence
of Dokyo, 7, 36
Wala-jah: see Mohammed Ali
Waldeck, Georg Friedrich, Prince of
(1620-1692), a German field-marshal:
his campaign against the French, 9,
217
746
GENERAL INDEX
747
Waldemar, The False (14th century),
a pretender to margravate of Bran-
denburg: pretensions of, 18, 192
Waldemar: see also Valdemar
Waldenses (Waldensians), a body of
Christian reformers, followers of
Peter Waldo: persecutions of, 4,
317, 9, 144
Waldhauser, Conrad (d. ca. 1368), a
German reformer: teachings of, 17,
119
Waldmann, Hans (Johann) (ca. 1426-
1490), a Swiss magistrate: at the
siege of Nancy, 13, 409; at the bat-
tle of Morat, 409; sketch of, 413;
death of, 415
Waldseemiiller (Waltzeemuller), Mar-
tin (1470-ca. 1513), a German geog-
rapher: first calls the New World
America, 23, 35
Waldshut, Baden, Germany: siege of
(1468), 13, 404;
Waldshut, Peace of, a treaty between
Austria and the Swiss Confederacy
(1468), 13, 404
Waldstein: see Wallenstein
Wales, a titular principality of Great
Britain, now a part of the United
.Kingdom: Harold reduces, 11, 64;
revolt of, 192
Wales, Albert Victor, Prince of: see
Albert Victor, Prince of Wales
Wales, George Frederick, Prince of:
see George Frederick Ernest Al-
bert, Prince of Wales
Wales, Statute of, laws enacted for
Wales by Edward II (1284), 11, 144
Walewski, Count Alexandre Florian
Joseph Colonna (1810-1868), a
French politician, diplomat, and au-
thor: at the Congress of Paris
(1856), 17, 384
Walfish Bay, an inlet of the Atlantic
Ocean on the coast of Africa:
sketch of, 20, 259; claimed by the
Dutch, 19, 38; annexed to the Cape,
82, 106; value of, 94
Walid, Mohammedan caliph, 705-715:
reign of, 1, 329; death, 318
Walker, George (1618-1690), an Irish
clergyman: leader of the defense of
Derry, 12, 135
Walker, Sir Hovenden (ca. 1656-1728),
an English naval officer: sent to
conquer Canada, 23, 161
Walker, John Grimes (1835 ), an
American naval officer: member of
Panama Commission, 20, 333, 24,
1057
Walker, Leroy Pope (d. 1884),
American statesman: Confederate
Secretary of War, 24, 694
Walker, Obadiah (1616-1692), an Eng-
lish author and teacher: professes
Catholicism, 11, 424
Walker, Robert James (1801-1869), an
American statesman and financier:
Secretary of the Treasury, 24, 554;
governor of Kansas, 662; denounces
Lecompton constitution, 662; re-
signs, 663
Walker, William (1 824-1 860), an
American filibuster: his filibustering
attempts in Nicaragua, 22, 439, 24,
626; president of Nicaragua, 627;
second attempt to establish repub-
lic, 627; third attempt, 627
Wall, Edward C. (1843 ), an
American politician: in Democratic
Presidential nomination, 24, 1065
Wallace, Lew (1 827-1905), an Ameri-
can general, diplomat, and author:
at siege of Fort Donelson, 24, 744;
at battle of Pittsburg Landing, 747;
defeated by Early, 792
Wallace, William, a Scottish patriot
and national hero, called the Ham-
mer and Scourge of the English:
born about 1270; son of Sir Malcolm
Wallace of Ellerslie, in Renfrew-
shire; while attending school at
Dundee, he killed the son of the
English governor of Dundee Castle
in revenge for an insult received
and was compelled to take refuge
among the mountains; having gath-
ered around him a band of devoted
followers he carried on for several
years a successful partisan warfare
against the English forces; after
the capture of the garrisons of Aber-
deen, Forfar, and other towns, he
was engaged in the siege of Dun-
dee; gained a signal victory at Stir-
748
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
ling Bridge (1297) and, entering
England, ravaged the northern part
of the country; was soon after de-
feated with great loss near Falkirk
by the English, led by Edward I in
person, 1298; the office of guardian
of the kingdom which he had held
for a short time was now taken
from him and after several years
spent in border warfare he was be-
trayed into the hands of the Eng-
lish, condemned a traitor, and exe-
cuted, August 23, 1305
Revolts against England, II, 150,
275; defeated at Falkirk, 150; death
of, ia, 276
Wallace of Switzerland, The: see
Hofer, Andreas
Wallachia, a division of Roumania:
occupied by the Dacians, 17, 11; in-
vaded by the Slavs, 19; menaced by
Murad, 14, 30; conquered by the
Turks, 14, 37, 17, 155; under the
rule of the Turks, 17, 162; given to
Hungary, 14, 63; revolts under
Murad of Turkey, 204; seeks peace
with Turkey, 208; relation to Tur-
key, 365
Wallenstein (Waldstein), Albrecht
Wenzel Eusebius von, Count of and
Duke of Mecklenburg, Friedland,
and Sagan, a German general: born
at the castle of Hermanic, in Bo-
hemia, September 24, 1583; was a
son of Wilhelm, Baron von Wald-
stein; after the death of his par-
ents, who were Protestants, he was
sent to the Jesuit College at Olmutz
and was converted into a Roman
Catholic; also studied several sci-
ences and languages; about 1606 he
fought against the Turks at the
siege of Geau; he married a rich
widow in 1610, and at her death in
1614, inherited a large estate; raised
a troop of horse in 1617; fought
with distinction for the Austrian
archduke, Ferdinand, against the Ve-
netians; in 1619, at the beginning of
the Thirty Years' War, he joined
the Imperial Army and was appoint-
ed quartermaster-general; he de-
feated Bethlen Gabor, in Hungary,
in 1621, and was created Duke of
Friedland and a prince of the Holy
Empire in 1624; in 1625 he raised,
at his own expense, a large army,
which he resolved to support by pil-
lage and exactions from the enemy;
he defeated Count Mansfeld in
1626 and invaded Denmark; for his
services the emperor gave Wallen-
stein the duchy of Mecklenburg in
1628, and added the title of admiral;
was dismissed from command, 1630,
at the same time that Gustavus
Adolphus entered Germany to fight
for the Protestant cause; Ferdinand
implored the aid of Wallenstein as
the only man who was able to save
the empire; consented to serve him
again and displayed great skill in
defense of the lines near Nurem-
berg in 1632; in November, 1632, he
was defeated by Gustavus Adol-
phus at the great battle of Lutzen;
afterwards gained victories in Si-
lesia, but refused to march to the
relief of Bavaria; in January, 1634,
was deprived of his command and
secret orders were given to arrest
or assassinate him; attempted to se-
cure himself by negotiations with
the Swedes, but his overtures were
rejected and he retired to the castle
of Eger or Egra, where he was
assassinated, February 25, 1634
Sketch of, 17, 210, 18, 274, 278,
282; his campaigns in the Thirty
Years' War, 9, 190, 16, 180, 201; as-
sassinated, 17, 211, 18, 287
Wallia, King of the Visigoths, 415-
419 A. D.: rules the Gothic king-
dom, 4, 146, 8, 36; his campaign
against the Vandals, 18, 39
Wallingford, Treaty of, a treaty be-
tween Stephen and Prince Henry
of England (1153), n, 96
Wallo (early 9th century), a Scandina-
vian abbot: introduces Anscarius to
the emperor, 16, 26
Walloons, a people found in Belgium
and the neighboring parts of France:
description of, 13, 3
GENERAL INDEX
749
Walloons, Huguenot settlers in
America from Artois, France: settle
along the Delaware, and the Con-
necticut and on Long Island, 23,
102
Walpole, Horace (1717-1797), an Eng-
lish author: quoted on Washing-
ton's military capacity, 23, 250
Walpole, Sir Robert (1676-1745), Earl
of Oxford, an English statesman,
called the Grand Corrupter and
Bluestring Robin: opposes George
I of England, 11, 471; career of,
474; ministry of, 16, 226
Walsham, Sir John (19th century),
English diplomat: minister in
China (1891), 6, 262
Walter, Hubert (d. 1205), archbishop
of Canterbury: his administration
as Justiciar, IX, 114; his death, 11,
122
Walter, John (d. 1492), an Irish pa-
triot: death of, 12, 73
Walter de Brienne (d. 1356), titular
Duke of Athens: given military
command in Florence, 4, 229
Walter the Penniless (d. 1097), a
French knight: leads the Crusaders,
9, 70
Walter von der Vogelweide (ca. 1170-
ca. 1230), a German minnesinger:
sketch of, 17, 97, 18, 178
Walter von Eschenbach (early 14th
century) : plots against Albert I of
Austria, 13, 364
Waltheof (d. 1076), Earl of Northum-
bria: beheaded, 11, 78
Waltzeemiiller: see Waldseemuller
Wamba (7th century), King of the
Goths: reign of, 8, 45
Wampum Belts, belts made by the
American Indians: used to record
treaties, 23, 12
Wanborough (Wodnesbeorh), an
English town: battle of (ca. 585 A.
D.), ii, 25
Wandewash, a town in southern
India: battle of (1760), 5, 180, 11,
502, 20, 119
Wang Chao (late 19th century), a
Chinese social reformer: proposes
radical reforms, 6, 291
Wang Wen Shao, a contemporary
Chinese statesman: in Boxer move-
ment, 6, 302
Wani (3rd century), a Chinese
scholar: introduces Chinese learn-
ing into Japan, 7, 13
Wanli (Wan-Lee), Emperor of China,
1572-1619: reign of, 6, 38, 42
Wapenaer (early 18th century), a
Dutch admiral: in the war with
France, 13, 250
War, Department of, a department of
the United States government: or-
ganized, 23, 344
War of Clubs (Klubbekriget), a rebel-
lion of the Finnish peasantry
(1594), 16, 170
War of 1812, a war between the
United States and Great Britain:
causes, 11, 566, 23, 414; "Little
Belt " captured by the " President,"
23, 416; hostilities declared, 417;
failure of land operations, 420; naval
victories, 422; success of land opera-
tions, 424; capture of Washington,
426; defense of New Orleans, 429;
Treaty of Ghent, 429; cost of war,
430; political results, 433; military
results, 433; compared to the Revo-
lution, 435; economic results, 435
War of 1643-1645, a war between
Sweden and Denmark: cause, 16,
201; naval battle of Femern, 202
note; treaty of Bromsebro, 201
War of Spanish Succession: see Suc-
cession, War of Spanish
War of the Palatinate (King William's
War), a war between England and
France (1689-1697): cause, 23, 157;
spreads to colonies, 157; Indian
Massacres, 158; attack on Quebec,
158; Treaty of Ryswick, 159
War of the Three Henries, a civil
war in France (1584-1593): cause, 9,
161; battle of Courtras, 162; Edict of
Union, 163; assassination of Duke
of Guise, 164; death of Henry III,
165; battle of Ivry, 167; battle of
Aumale, 168; battle of Fontaine-
Franqaise, 170; Edict of Nantes, 171
Waratho (7th century), Prankish rul-
er: reign of, 9, 35
750
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Warbeck, Perkin (d. 1499), a pretender
to the English crown: insurrection
of, II, 227, 12, 73, 298; execution
of, 11, 229
Ward, Artemas (1 727-1 800), an
American general and politician:
appointed major-general, 23, 231;
at siege of Boston, 231
Ward, Frederick Townsend (1831-
1862), an American adventurer:
enters the service of China, 6, 195;
commands ever victorious army,
196; death of, 198
Wardlaw, Henry (early 15th century),
a Scottish bishop: founds university
at St. Andrews, 12, 290
Warenne or Warrenne, John de, Earl
of Surrey: see Surrey, John de War-
renne, Earl of
Warfare and Military Methods:
ARABIA: after Mohammed, I, 260
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: among the
early Slavs, 17, 26, 42; plan of de-
fense (16th century), 14, 155
CHINA: artillery first used (1634),
6, 49; plan of defense, 173; in 1900,
283
EGYPT: the Mamelukes (1200), 1,
36, 14, 128, 409
ENGLAND: the early Britons, II,
20, 54; Norman vs. English methods,
II, 66, 12, 47; new methods (1300),
II, 150; plan of attack, 12, 146, 151;
at Cre<jy, II, 161; naval tactics of
the 16th century, 296; in the 17th
century, 353
FRANCE: cannon first used at
Creqy (1346), 9, 94, 161; Na-
poleon's tactics, 10, 383, 470, 495
GAUL: before it became a Roman
province, 3, 298
GERMANY: in early times, 18, 4;
in the 16th century, 229; army un-
der Frederick William, 321; present
military system, 428
GREECE: Athenian naval tactics,
2, 274; Spartan plan of siege, 288;
Athenian peltasts, 402; Theban tac-
tics, 433; Alexander's forces, 496;
use of Greek fire, 1, 332, 14, 76; the
Klephts (1800), 14, 412; modern
navy, 2, 550
HOLLAND: "fire-ships" intro-
duced, 13, 148
IRELAND: in pagan times, 12, 20;
(ca. 1000 A. D.), 47, 48
ITALY: method of attack in the
Middle Ages, 4, 208; in the 14th
century, 251; introduction of gun-
powder, 255; siege of Antwerp, 13,
147
JAPAN: reorganization, 7, 51, 147;
fire-arms introduced (1545), 104;
present system, 176, 306
MEXICO: armed allies of Cortez,
22, 44, 45, 51
PARTHIAN EMPIRE: in the 1st
century B. C, 3, 323
PERSIA: forces of Xerxes, 2, 181
ROME: 300 B. C, 3, 78; the re-
forms of Marius, 196; Caesar's
troops, 334, 374
RUSSIA: the strelitz (1682), 15,
26; the army of the 18th century,
"3
SCANDINAVIA: reforms of 1901,
16, 281
SCOTLAND: under Wallace, 12,
276
SICILY: Syracusan plan of defense,
2, 336
SPAIN: under the Goths, 8, 55;
naval tactics of the 16th century,
11, 296
TURKEY: standing army (1326),
14, 19, 22, 94; the Janissaries
(1326), 20, 93, 239, 371, 417; plan of
attack (15th century), 59, 73, 79,
176; in the 18th century, 342, 371,
379; modern methods adopted, 440
UNITED STATES: among the
Indians, 23, 15; naval attack in
colonial days, 195; naval tactics
O783), 290; gun-boat system under
Jefferson, 409; in the Mexican War,
22, 349, 363; Union and Confeder-
ate resources, 24, 724; introduction
of the iron-clad (1862), 754; Grant's
plan of siege, 791; the new navy,
1008
Warner, Thomas (early 17th century),
an English colonist in the West
Indies: makes settlement on St.
Christopher, 20, 68
GENERAL INDEX
751
Warren, Sir Charles (1840 ), a Brit-
ish military officer: his conquests
in South Africa, 19, 82; success
of his mission to Bechuanaland,
21S
Warren, Sir John Borlase (1754-1822),
a British naval commander: at bat-
tle of Lough Swilly, 12, 214
Warren, Joseph, an American general
and patriot: born at Roxbury, Mas-
sachusetts, June 11, 1741; graduated
at Harvard College, 1759; studied
medicine and began to practice at
Boston, 1762; delivered in 1772, and
again in 1775, the civic oration on
the anniversary of the Boston
Massacre, was a member of the
provincial committee of correspond-
ence in 1772, chairman of the con-
mittee of public safety, 1774, and in
1775. president of the provincial
congress; was efficient in organiz-
ing the volunteers after the battle
of Lexington; was chosen a major-
general by the provincial congress,
June 14, 1775, and took an active
part as a volunteer, declining the
command at the battle of Bunker
Hill, at which he was killed, June
I7> 1775. falling near the spot where
Bunker Hill monument now stands
Appointed to wait on governor of
Massachusetts, 23, 225; head of
committee of safety, 225; death, 233
Warren, Sir Peter (1703-1752), an
J Irish admiral: in Louisburg expedi-
'' tion, 23, 165
Warrior of Freedom, The: see Gari-
baldi, Giuseppe
Wars:
( B. C.
, ca. 1580. Expulsion of the Hykos
from Egypt, 1, 21
ca. 1400. Religious War in Egypt,
1, 24, 25
ca. 1400. Wars of Israel, 1, 373
ca. 1320. Egyptian War in Nubia,
I, 25
1300. Egyptian War with Hittites,
1, 26
ca. 1230. Egyptian War with Li-
byans, 1, 27
1193-1184. Trojan, 2, 31
1055-1015. Philistine wars, 1, 377
753- Volscians with Rome, 3, 22
753. Sabines with Rome, 3, 22
753-509. Aequi with Rome, 3, 22
743-669. Messenian, 2, 71, 237, 470
ca. 700. Lelantine war, 2, 115
670-525. Egyptians with Assyrians,
I, 30
ca. 666-525. Greco-Egyptian, 1, 32
ca. 645. Second Messinian, 2, 74
ca. 600. Athens with Megara, 2,
102
588. Egypt with Tyre and Sidon,
1, 399
549. Media-Babylon, 2, 123
525. Egyptian-Persian, 1, 32, 33
510-508. Athens with Cleomenes,
2, 141
508. Thebes with Athens, 2, 143
508. Boeotia with Athenians, 2, 143
ca. 505. Sparta with Argos, 2, 156
500-264. Rome with Carthage, 3,
89
495-382. Latin wars with neighbor-
ing tribes, 3, 63
492. Chalcis with Athens, 2, 163
490. Persian-Athenian, 1, 166
490. Corinth with Athens, 2, 173
ca. 487. Athens with Aegineta, 2,
173
478-465. Tarentum with Iapygians,
2, 220
458. Epidaurus with Athens, 2, 240
458. Corinth with Athens, 2, 240
458. Athens with Boeotia, 2, 243
457. Thebes with Athens, 2, 244
457. Phocis with Sparta, 2, 244
454. Thebes with Athens, 2, 245
454. Sparta with Athens, 2, 247
447. Athens with Sparta, 2, 248
435-433- Corinth with Corcyra, 2,
265, 269
433. Epidamnus civil war, 2, 264
431-404. Peloponnesian wars, 2, 274
427. Syracuse with Catana, 2, 299
427-424. Naxos in Sicily with Syra-
cuse, 2, 299
426-406. Veii with Rome, 3, 58
426. Ambracia with Athens, 2, 300
425. Athens with Sicily, 2, 301, 408
420. Athens with Sparta, 2, 321
752
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Wars, cont.
410. Syracuse with Carthage, 2,
408
405. Carthaginian War with Dio-
nysius, 2, 412
399. Orchomenian-Theban, 2, 397
399. Locrian-Phocian, 2, 397
397. Eleian-Arcadian, 2, 446
395. Corinth with Sparta, 2, 398
384-358. Tusculum with Rome, 3,
64
383. Lanuvium with Rome, 3, 64
382-380. Praeneste with Rome, 3,
64
381. Tusculum with Rome, 3, 64
370. Elis with Sparta, 2, 440
365-357. Athenian Social, 2, 454
362. Sparta with Messene, 2, 451
361-353. Sparta with Megalopolis
2, 453*
352-350. Euboean wars, 2, 464, 474
344. Macedonian Civil, 2, 470
338. Greco-Macedonian, 2, 475
338-336. Tarentum-Lucanian, 2, 418
328-321. Samnite War, 3, 69
299-290. Samnite War, 3, 72.
289. Carthage with Syracuse, 2, 515
280-268. Roman war with Pyrrhus,
3, 74
264-241. First Punic War, 3, 99
241. Rome with Falerii, 3, 109
218-202. Second Punic war, 3, 111
217-205. First Macedonian war, 3,
125
200-197. Second Macedonian war,
3, 140
192-190. War with Antiochus, 3,
144
192-168. Roman War in the East,
3, 143
185-179. Third Macedonian War,
3, 147
172-168. Fourth Macedonian war,
3, 149
155-110. Roman War with Celts, 3,
192
152-87. Roman war with the Cim-
bri, 3, 194
149. Carthage with Rome, 3, 164
146. Greco-Roman, 2, 521
146. Achaean League declares war
against Sparta, 3, 166
146. Mithridates with Rome, 2, 521
139. Numantia with Rome, 3, 162
134-133. Roman civil war against
the Gracchi, 3, 176
1 12-104. Jugurthine, 3, 187
90. Roman Social, 3, 208, 215
88-84. Mithradatic, 3, 213
73-67. Gladiatorial war, 3, 261
71-61. Sequani-Haedui, 3, 300
70-63. Civil war between Aristobu-
lus II, King of Judaea, and his
brother, 3, 274
67-66. Roman in East, 3, 271
66-63. Pompeius and Mithradates,
3, 273
58-51. Caesar in Gaul, 3, 292, 332
49-46. Roman Civil, 3, 334
32-31. Egyptian-Roman, 4, 24
A. D.
67-135. Jewish-Roman, 1, 410, 413,
3, 524
476-529. Justinian with Persia, 2,
532
710-1492. Saracen-Moslem, 1, 292-
370
933-1005. Arabian-Persian, 1, 365
960. Greek wars, 1, 367
977-1001. Hindu-Mohammedan, 5,
91
1073. Investitures, 9, 69
1095-1099. First Crusade, 9, 70, 11,
87, 16, 75, 18, 138
1 1 19. Wars with Pisa, 4, 236
1147-1149. Second Crusade, 18, 145
1189-1192. Third Crusade, 18, 155
1202-1204. Fourth Crusade, 2, 535,
16, 85
1205-1461. Turkish wars with Per-
sia, 2, 537
1208-1215. Albigenses, 9, 77
1224. Kildare, 12, 57
1228-1229. Fifth Crusade, 18, 161
1281-1282. Mongol, 7, 76
1282-1305. French War with James
of Aragon, 4, 258
1337-1453- Hundred Years, 9, 92,
ix, 157
1352-1379. Italian wars, 4, 253
1409-1492. Civil in Naples and
Florence, 4, 269
1412. Slesvig-Holstein, 16, 124
1419-1436. Hussite, 18, 201
GENERAL INDEX
753
Wars, cont.
I43S-I4SO. Neapolitan war, 4, 263
1455-1485. The Roses, 9, 123, 11,
211, 12, 70
1498. Suabian, 13, 394
1500-1506. Guelders, 13, 52
1514-1524. India with Persia, 5,
341
1559- France with Spain, 4, 307
1560. War with Venice, 4, 309
1562-1569. Scandinavian Seven
Years', 16, 162, 196
1570-1572. Venetian-Turkish, 8, 355
i577-i58o. Lovers, 9, 160
1580-1601. French War with
Charles Emmanuel, 4, 317
1585-1589. Three Henries, 9, 161
1594. Farthings, 13, 469
1598. Of Clubs, 16, 170
1611. Calmar, 16, 174
1618-1648. Thirty Years', 9, 183,
11, 313, 13, 203, 462, 15, 382, 17,
101, 204, 18, 265
1637-1639. First Bishop's, II, 336
1640. Second Bishop's, 11, 337
1675. King Philip's, 23, 97
1680-1707. Mogul in India, 5, 122
1687-1688. The English Revolu-
tion, 12, 132
1689-1697. Palatinate or King Wil-
liam's, 33, 157
1700-1721. Northern, 15, 383, 16,
214
1702-1746. Spanish Succession or
Queen Anne's, 4, 327, 8, 390, 9,
220, 17, 190, 233, 18, 311, 20, 106,
23, 160
1711-1856. Russo-Turkish, II, 632
1733-1738. Polish Succession, 4,
332, 11, 480, 15, 381, 17, 192, 18,
319
1736-1739. Russo-Turkish, 16, 227
1740-1742. First Silesian, 18, 330
1740-1748. Austrian Succession, 4,
333, 5, 179, 9, 238, 14, 318, 18,
331, 20, 107, 23, 163
1743-1748. Hindu War with Eng-
lish, 5, 187
1744-1745. Second Silesian, 18, 331
1744-1748. King George's, 23, 163,
166
1756-1763. Seven Years' or French
and Indian, 5, 179, 9, 244, II, 497,
13, 256, 14, 318, 15, 131, 16, 228,
18, 335, 20, 76, 23, 167
1768-1771. Burmese, 6, 93
I 775 _I 783. American Revolution,
9, 254, 11, 513, 12, 180, 13, 257,
20, 127, 23, 229
1779-1781. First Maratha War, 5,
136, 193
1783. Aroostook, 24, 530
1789-1798. Mysore Wars, 5, 196
1793-1815. Napoleonic, 10, 344, 501
1798-1807. Mameluke-European, 1,
37
1801-1805. Tripoli and the United
States, 23, 393
1802-1805. Second Maratha War,
5, 136, 201
1811-1828. Turkish-Mameluke, 1,
38
1812. England and the United
States, 11, 566, 23, 417, 435
1813. Liberation, 16, 268
1814. Gurkhas War, 5, 207
1815. Holy Alliance, 15, 265
1817-1829. Third Maratha War, 5,
208
1817-1818. First Seminole, 23, 444
1820-1849. Italy with Austria, 4,
352
1821-1828. Greek Independence, 2,
539, 542, 14, 411, 15, 268, 274
1823-1824. First Burmese War, 5,
210
1828-1829. Russo-Turkish, I, 38
1830-1838. Tithe, 12, 224
1833. Black Hawk, 23, 506
1835-1842. Second Seminole, 23,
507
1837-1843. England with Persia, 5,
361, 363
1840-1842. Opium, 5, 213, 6, 130
1845-1846. Sikh or Punjab, 5, 225
1846-1848. Mexican, 22, 278, 24,
547
1848-1849. Sikh or Punjab, 5, 226
1848-1850. Schleswig-Holstein, 16,
126, 270
1850-1858. Second foreign (China),
6, 155
1852-1856. Second Burmese War,
5, 226
754.
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Wars, cont.
1853-1856. Crimean, 9, 446, 14,
45i, 15, 304, 16, 264, 286, 17, 383
1858-1861. Three Years' Reform,
22, 383
1859-1860. Anglo-French War, 6,
169
1860-1861. Italy against Pope, 4,
38i
1861-1865. American Civil War,
11, 621, 24, 684
1864. Slesvig-Holstein, 16, 274
1866. Austro-Prussian or Seven
Weeks', 9, 455, 16, 275, 18, 410,
412
1868-1878. Ten Years' (Cuba), 22,
453
1870-1871. Franco-P russian or
Seven Months', 13, 309, M 473,
15, 387, 17, 408, 18, 415
1870-1884. Tongking, 6, 247
1876. Sioux, 34, 905
1876. Turkish, 17, 419
1880-1881. Hindu with British, 5,
258
1880-1903. Abyssinia with Italy, 4
404
1880-1881. Boer, 13, 318, 20, 229
1884-1887. Afghan-British, 5, 265
1894-1895. Chino-Japanese, 6, 265,
275, 7, 252
1895-1898. Afghans with British,
5, 278
1897. Greco-Turkish, 14, 504
1898-1899. Spanish-American, 8,
520, 20, 329, 22, 458, 24, 1026
1899-1902. Transvaal or South Af-
rican, 11, 640, 20, 232
1904-1905. Russo-Japanese, 6, 308,
7, 303, 11, 642, 15, 359, 16, 286, 24,
1079
Wars of the Roses (1455-1485), be-
tween House of York and House of
Lancaster: mentioned, 9, 123, 12, 70;
cause, 11, 211; battle of St. Albans,
211; York named Protector, 211;
compelled to resign, 211; the king
captured by Yorkists at Nor-
thampton, 211; York promised the
succession, 212; battle of Wakefield,
212; battle of Mortimer's Cross,
212; second battle of St. Alban's
212; battle of Towton, 213; Edward
IV crowned, 213
Warsaw, the capital of Russian Po-
land: battle of (1656), 16, 207, 18,
300; occupied by the Swedes, 15, 41,
16, 216; sieges of (1793), 15, 189;
(1794), 15, 191, 18, 358; (1831), 15,
295; taken by the Austrians (1809),
17, 298
Warsaw, Grand Duchy of, a duchy
created by Napoleon (1807):
formed, 15, 215, 18, 374
Wart, Rudolf von: see Rudolf von
Wart
Wartenburg, Cenek of: see Cenek of
Wartenburg
Warwick, an early settlement in
Rhode Island: united to Providence
Plantations, 23, 94
Warwick, Edward Plantagenet, Earl
of (1475-1499), a claimant of the
English throne: execution of, 11,
229
Warwick, John Dudley, Earl of: see
Northumberland, John Dudley,
Duke of
Warwick, Richard Nevill, Earl of
(ca. 1428-1471), an English politi-
cian and commander, called the
King-Maker, and The Last of the
Barons: rupture with Edward IV,
11, 216; reconciled to Lancastrian
party, 217; death of, 217
Warwick, Thomas de Beauchamp,
Earl of (d. 1401), an English baron:
takes up arms against Richard II,
11, 181; banished to Isle of Man,
184
Waser (d. 1780), a Swiss patriot:
draws up a charter, 13, 475; trial
and death of, 499
Washburne, Elihu Benjamin (1816-
1887), an American statesman and
diplomatist: in Grant's cabinet, 24,
861; minister to France, 862; de-
feated for Vice-President, 929
Washington, one of the United
States: admitted to the Union, 24,
986; Presidential election of 1900,
1040
Washington, the capital of the United
States, situated in the District of
GENERAL INDEX
755
Columbia, called The City of Mag-
nificent Distances: planned, 23, 350;
condition of, when made seat of
government, 380; tak6n by British,
426; garrisoned, 24, 730; defended
from Confederate attack, 758;
threatened by Early, 792; Union
armies reviewed at, 814; Grange
movement organized, 917
Washington, Booker Taliaferro (ca.
1859 ), an American negro edu-
cator: makes speech at opening of
the Atlanta Exposition, 24, 1010
Washington, Bushrod (1 762-1 829),
American jurist, a nephew of
George Washington: president of
American Colonization Society, 24,
571
Washington, George, an American
general, statesman, and patriot,
President of the United States,
1789-1797, called The Father of his
Country: was born in Westmoreland
County, Virginia, February 22, 1732;
received a common-school educa-
tion; was engaged in surveying,
1748-1751; was appointed adjutant
of Virginia troops, 1751; inherited
Mount Vernon, 1752; made com-
mander of a military division of
Virginia, 1753, was sent on a mis-
sion to the French beyond the Alle-
gheny River, 1753-1754; made lieu-
tenant-colonel, 1754; defeated the
French, 1754, but was afterward
obliged to surrender Fort Necessity
to them; served as a volunteer aide-
de-camp to Braddock in his expedi-
tion against Fort Du Quesne, 1755;
served on the frontier, 1755 1757;
married Mrs. Martha Curtis, Janu-
ary 9> !759> an d settled as a planter
at Mount Vernon; was a delegate to
the Continental Congresses of 1774
and 1775; was made commander-in-
chief of the Continental forces, June
l 5> 1775; was successful in his siege
of Boston, 1776; was defeated at the
battles of Long Island, August 27,
1776, and of White Plains, October
28, 1776; retreated across New Jer-
sey; surprised the Hessians at Tren-
ton, December 26, 1776, and cap-
tured nearly 1000 prisoners; won a
victory at Princeton, January 3,
1777; lost the battles of Brandy wine
and Germantown, 1777; spent the
winter of 1777-1778 at Valley Forge;
was present at the battle of Mon-
mouth, 1780; began the siege of
Yorktown, September 28, 1781, and
Cornwallis surrendered, October 19;
resigned his commission as com-
mander-in-chief at Annapolis, De-
cember 23, 1783, and retired to
Mount Vernon; was president of
the Constitutional Convention, 1787;
was unanimously elected President
of the United States, February,
1789, and inaugurated at New York
City, April 30, 1789; was unanimous-
ly reelected, 1793; issued his fare-
well address to the people, Septem-
ber, 1796; at the termination of his
second term, March 4, 1797, retired
to Mount Vernon; was appointed
lieutenant-general and commander-
in-chief of the army in anticipation
of a war with France, 1798; died at
Mount Vernon, December 14, 1799,
and was buried there
Member of Ohio Company, 23,
170; in the French and Indian Wars,
9, 243, 23, 171; in expedition against
Fort Du Quesne, 23, 190; delegate
to first Continental Congress, 223;
delegate to second Continental Con-
gress, 229; given command of
American forces, II, 516, 23, 230;
takes command of army, 23, 233;
besieges Boston, 235; opposed to
independence of colonies, 237;
abandons Long Island, 243; refuses
to receive Howe's message, 242; at
battle of White Plains, 244; re-
treats across New Jersey, 246; re-
crosses the Delaware, 247; escapes
from Cornwallis at Trenton, 249;
goes into winter-quarters at Mor-
ristown, 250; at battle of Brandy-
wine, 259; his campaign in New
Jersey against Howe (1777), 259;
at battle of Germantown, 260; estab-
lishes headquarters at Valley Forge,
756
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
260; Conway Cabal attempts to se-
cure removal of, 261; orders arrest
of Lee, 263; reprimands Arnold,
276; sends Greene to succeed Gates,
279; goes to Yorktown, 284; plot to
make him king, 306; in Constitu-
tional Convention, 323; president of
Constitutional Convention, 324;
elected first President of the United
States, 340; inauguration, 341; in-
augural address, 343; signs bill for
a National Bank, 352; annoyed with
the "National Gazette," 356; reelec-
tion, 357; character of second ad-
ministration, 357; criticism of se-
verity, 365, 373; refuses third term,
368; farewell address of, 368; state-
ly manner of, 371; death of, 380;
Stuart portrait of, rescued by
Mrs. Madison, 427; his principles
reflected in Monroe Doctrine, 449;
only president to receive unanimous
vote, 459; quoted on slavery in Vir-
ginia, 24, 564; precedent regarding
third terms, 926
Washington, William (1752-1810), an
American Revolutionary officer: at
battle of Guilford Court House, 23,
281
Washington, Treaty of, a treaty be-
tween Great Britain and the United
States (1871), 24, 959
Washington Colonization Society, an
American society for colonizing free
negroes, founded, 1817: work of, 19,
49
"Wasp," an American war vessel:
captures the " Frolic," 23, 422
Watanabe, a contemporary Japanese
statesman: causes downfall of Ito
cabinet, 7, 228
Watanabe Kazuma (ca. 12th century),
a Japanese nobleman: slays Kawai,
7, 152
Waterford, Ireland: siege of (1170),
12, 50
Waterloo, a village in Belgium: bat-
tle of (1815), 4, 350, 8, 487, 532, 9,
362, 10, 501, 11, 568, 13, 288, 17,
314, 18, 390, 23, 405
Watling Island, a small island of the
Bahama group, West Indies: dis-
covered by Columbus, 23, 31
Watson, Charles (1714-1757), an Eng-
lish admiral: at the capture of Cal-
cutta, 5, 182
Watson, Thomas E. (1856 ), an
American lawyer and politician:
nominated for Vice-President (1896),
24, 1015; Populist nominee for
President (1904), 1067
Watt, James, a British engineer, phi-
losopher, and inventor: born at
Greenock, Scotland, January 19,
1736; educated mostly at home;
having adopted the trade of maker
of mathematical instruments he
went to London in 1755 and served
for one year with John Morgan; in
1756 he returned to Scotland with
the intention of settling at Glasgow;
was appointed instrument-maker to
the university at Glasgow; in 1764,
married his cousin, Miss Miller, and
then opened a shop in Glasgow;
ceased to make mathematical instru-
ments in 1768 and pursued the busi-
ness of land-surveyor and civil en-
gineer; was employed as surveyor
or engineer in the construction of
several canals, bridges, and other
works in Scotland during the period,
1769-1773; in 1782 he took out a
patent for the invention of the
double acting engine; he made an
important chemical discovery, the
composition of water; he was elect-
ed a fellow of the Royal Society of
London in 1785; retired from busi-
ness in 1800; was elected one of the
eight foreign associates of the
French Institute in 1814; died at
Heathfield, near Birmingham, Eng-
land, August 25, 1819
Invents a steam-engine, 11, 534
Watt (Vadian), Joachim von (1484-
JSSi). a Swiss scholar: reforms of,
13, 439
Wattenwil, von (early 19th century),
a Swiss general: refuses to fight
the Allies, 13, 524
Wattignies, France: battle of, 10, 277
GENERAL INDEX
757
Waymouth (early 17th century), an
English captain: explorations of, 16,
303
Wayne, Anthony, American general
called Mad Anthony Wayne: born
in Chester County, Pennsylvania,
January 1, 1745; educated at the
Philadelphia Academy; became a
surveyor; married Miss Penrose of
Philadelphia and settled on a farm
in Chester county; was elected a
member of the General Assembly in
1774, and was a member of the com-
mittee of public safety in 1775;
raised a regiment and entered the
army as colonel; served at battle of
Three Rivers, Canada, June, 1776;
took command of Fort Ticonderoga
and was appointed a brigadier-gen-
eral; about May, 1777, he joined the
army of Washington in New Jer-
sey; commanded a division at battle
of Brandywine, and also in battle
of Germantown, October, 1777; was
in battle of Monmouth, June, 1778;
his most brilliant achievement was
the capture of Stony Point, on the
Hudson River, July 15, 1779; he was
wounded in the head in this battle;
served in the battle of Green
Springs, Virginia, in July, 1780, and
took part in the capture of the Brit-
ish army at Yorktown, October 19,
1781; was a member of the conven-
tion which ratified the Constitution
of the United States in December,
1787; was raised to rank of major-
general and in 1792 was appointed
commander of the army sent
against the Indians; in August, 1794,
he gained a complete victory over
the Miamis in western Ohio; died
at Presque Isle, on Lake Erie, De-
cember 15, 1796
At battle of Brandywine, 23, 259;
succeeds St. Clair, 365; victory in
Northwest aids immigration, 442
Weaver, James B. (1833 ), an
American soldier and politician:
Greenback Party nominee (1880),
2 4, 930; nominated for President
(1892), 991
Webb, James Watson (1802-1884), an
American journalist: favors Taylor
for Presidency, 24, 557
Weber, Ernest von (19th century), a
German colonial pioneer in Africa:
influences German colonization ef-
forts, 19, 92 note; desires increase
of German influence in Africa, 127
Weber, Johannes (late 18th century),
a Swiss soldier: at battle of Neue-
neck, 13, 51 1
Weber, Veit (late 15th century), a
German poet: sketch of, 13, 427
Webster, Daniel, American statesman,
jurist and orator: born at Salisbury,
New Hampshire, January 18, 1782;
on account of feeble health he was
educated at home but spent nine
months at the Phillips Academy,
Exeter; in 1797 he entered Dart-
mouth College; graduated in Au-
gust, 1801, and began to study law;
took charge of an academy at Frye-
burg, in Maine; he remained here
for eight months then returned to
the study of law, and later entered
the office of Christopher Gore, an
eminent lawyer and statesman, and
was admitted to the bar in March,
1805; practiced nearly two years at
Boscawen and in 1897 removed to
Portsmouth, New Hampshire; in
November, 1812, he was elected as
a Federalist to the House of Repre-
sentatives and took his seat, 1813;
opposed war against Great Britain;
reelected to the fourteenth Con-
gress, which met in December, 1815;
retired from public life, 1816, and
moved from Portsmouth to Boston;
soon became the foremost lawyer in
New England; was a member of
the Convention which met in 1820
to revise the Constitution of Massa-
chusetts; in 1822 was elected a mem-
ber of the Congress which met in
December, 1823, reelected, 1824, and
supported John Q. Adams for presi-
dent; served in House of Repre-
sentatives until 1828, when he was
transferred to the Senate; supported
Clay for President in the election
758
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
of 1832; opposed Clay's Compro-
mise Bill in 1833; visited England,
Scotland, and France in 1839; re-
elected to the Senate, January, 1839;
in 1841 he was appointed secretary
of state by President Harrison; re-
signed in May, 1843; again elected
a Senator in the winter of 1844-
1845; in 1850, President Fillmore
appointed Webster secretary of
state; made several famous speeches
in the Senate; died at Marshfield,
Mass., October 24, 1852
Quoted on government of North-
west Territory, 23, 318; opposes tar-
iff for New England, 439; defends
Monroe Doctrine, 449; opposes pro-
tective tariff, 457; describes Jack-
son's inauguration, 481; on question
of Jackson's appointments, 482; re-
plies to Hayne, 489; favors United
States Bank, 502; offered nomination
for Vice-President, 24, 521; makes
campaign speeches (1840), 523;
member of Harrison's Cabinet, 525;
recognizes the independence of the
Hawaiian Islands, 20, 308; negoti-
ates settlement of Northeast Bound-
ary Dispute, 24, 529, 530; attempts
to settle Northwest 'Boundary Dis-
pute, 542; opposes Mexican War,
554; candidate for President, 557;
refuses nomination for Vice-Presi-
dent (1848), 558; opposes election
of Taylor, 593; opposes Calhoun's
resolutions, 595; summary of his ca-
reer, 605; his Seventh of March
speech, 605; candidate for Presi-
dential nomination (1852), 620;
death, 620; his communication to
Austrian diplomat, 639
Webster, Noah (1758-1843), an Amer-
ican lexicographer and author: in
American literature, 23, 481
Webster-Hayne Debate, a debate be-
tween Daniel Webster and Senator
Hayne of South Carolina (1830):
account of, 23, 489
Weddell (17th century), an English
captain: takes the Pogue Forts, 6,
107
Weddell (early 19th century), an Ant-
arctic explorer: explorations of, 16,
333
Wedderburn, Sir William (1838 ),
an English statesman: supports the
Indian National Congress, 5, 270
Wedel, Karl Heinrich (1712-1782), a
Prussian general: in the Seven
Years' War, 18, 339
Wedmore, Peace of, a peace between
Guthrun, King of the Danes, and
Alfred the Great (878 A. D.), n f
43, 16, 15
Weed, Thurlow (1797-1882), an Amer-
ican journalist and politician: op-
poses nomination of Clay for Presi-
dency, 24, 520; quoted on nomina-
tion of Tyler, 521; decides to nom-
inate Taylor for Presidency, 557;
opposes Lincoln, 799
Weehawken, New Jersey: duel ground
of Hamilton and Burr, 23, 402
Wehrli (early 19th century), a Swiss
educator: directs training school for
teachers, 13, 542
Wei-hai-Wei, a port in China: surren-
der of, 6, 269, 7, 270; naval battle
of, 7, 270; lease of, 6, 273, 7, 278
Weinsberg, Wurtemberg: battle of
(1140), 17, 91, 18, 144
Weissenburg, Alsace-Lorraine: battles
of (1795), 10, 345; (1870), 18, 421
Weitzel, Godfrey (1835-1884), an
American general and military en-
gineer: enters Richmond, 24, 811
Wekerle, Alexander (1844 ), a
Hungarian statesman: made pre-
mier of Hungary, 17, 431; second
premiership of, 447
Welch, John (ca. 1570-1622), a Scot-
tish minister: sketch of, 12, 358
Welf (Guelf) II, Duke of Bavaria,
1101-1120: his relations with Henry
V of Germany, 18, 141
Welf VI (1115-1191), Duke of Ba-
varia: wars of, 18, 144, 145
Welf (Guelf or Guelph), Italian papal
and popular party of the middle
ages: rise of, 4, 199; sketch of, 18,
144
Welhaven, Johan Sebastian Cammer-
meyer (1807-1873), a Norwegian
lyric poet: sketch of, 16, 264
GENERAL INDEX
759
Wellesley, Sir Arthur: see Wellington,
Arthur Wellesley, Duke of
Wellesley, Richard Cowley or Welles-
ley, Marquis of (1760-1842), older
brother of the Duke of Wellington:
made governor-general of India, 5,
196
Wellington, New Zealand: settled, 20,
211
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, Duke
of, an English general and states-
man, called The Great Duke, The
Iron Duke, Nosey, and The Hero
of the Peninsula: born at Daugan
Castle, County Meath, Ireland, May
1, 1769; educated at Eton College
and at the military academy of Au-
gers, France; received in March,
1787, a commission as ensign in the
seventy-third regiment of foot; be-
came a lieutenant in December,
1787; raised to rank of major in
April, 1793; then lieutenant-colonel
of the thirty-third regiment in Sep-
tember, 1793; in 1794, served under
the Duke of York; promoted to
rank of colonel in 1796; obtained the
rank of major-general in April,
1802, and gained a decisive victory
over the Mahrattas at Assaye in
September of 1803; returned to Eng-
land, 1805; in November he was
sent to Holland but returned with-
out having encountered the enemy;
appointed chief secretary for Ire-
land, 1807; served in the expedition
against Copenhagen in 1807; made
lieutenant-general and commander
of the forces in the Peninsula, 1808;
gained the victory of Vimiero, Aug-
ust 21, 1808; returned to England
after the Convention of Cintra; was
again Irish secretary in 1809, and
again commander-in-chief in the
Peninsula, April, 1809; gained the
victory of Talavera in 1809, and was
made Viscount Wellington the same
year; fortified the lines of Torres
Vedras; repulsed the French at Bu-
saco in 1810; gained the victory of
Fuentes d'Onoro in 1811; stormed
Ciudad, Rodrigo and Badajoz in
1812; gained the victory of Sala-
manca in 1812; made Earl and Mar-
quis of Wellington, 1812; occupied
Madrid; besieged Burgos unsuccess-
fully in 1812; gained the victory of
Vittoria in 1813; won various bat-
tles in the Pyrenees; captured San
Sebastian and Pamplona in 1813; in-
vaded France and won the victories
of Orthez and Toulouse in 1814; in
1814, was made Duke of Welling-
ton; was ambassador at Paris, 1814-
1815, and plenipotentiary at the Con-
gress of Vienna, 1815; gained the
victory of Quatre-Bras, June 16,
1815; commanded with Blucher at
Waterloo, June 18, 1815; negotiated
in the restoration of the Bourbons
and in the Peace of Paris in 1815;
was commander-in-chief of the army
of occupation in France, 1815-1818;
attended the Congresses of Aix-la-
Chapelle in 1818 and of Verona
in 1822; became master-general of
the ordinance in 1819, and member
of the cabinet; was made ambassa-
dor to Russia in 1826; became com-
mander-in-chief of the army in
1827; and was prime minister, 1828-
1830; Catholic emancipation was
carried in his administration, but
he opposed parliamentary reform;
was foreign secretary, 1834-1835,
and a member of the cabinet, 1841-
1846; died at Walmer Castle, Sep-
tember 14, 1852
His campaign in Spanish penin-
sula, 8, 486, 528, 9, 333, 10, 477, n,
562; his campaigns against Napo-
leon, 9, 362, 13, 287, 17, 314, 18,
375 389; at the battle of Waterloo,
10, 501; at the Congress of Verona,
9 3795 becomes Prime Minister, 11,
582; opposes Belgian independence,
13, 298; favors Catholic emancipa-
tion, 12, 222; protects London
against Chartists, 11, 608; death of,
610
Wellman, Walter (1858 ), an
American Arctic explorer: explora-
tions of, 16, 339
Wellman Airship Expedition, a pros-
760
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
pective attempt to reach the North
Pole in an airship, 16, 339
Wells, David Ames (1828-1898), an
American politician: joins liberal
movement, 24, 890
Wells, Gideon (1802-1878), an Ameri-
can politician: Lincoln's Secretary
of the Navy, 24, 708
Wels, Austria: battle of (ca. 912 A.
D.), 17, 43
Welsh, the people of Wales: sketch
of, 12, 248
Wenceslaus (III) the One-eyed, King
of Bohemia, 1230-1253: aids Hun-
gary against the Mongols, 17, 58;
reign of, 69
Wenceslaus or Wenceslas: see also
Vacslav
Wends, a branch of the Slavic race:
description of the, 16, 39; ravages
of the, 67; disloyal to the empire,
18, 139; invade Slesvig, 16, 76; con-
version of the, 81
Weng T'ungho (19th century), a
Chinese social reformer: sponsor for
K'ang, 6, 276
Wengi, Nicholas (early 16th century),
a Swiss patriot: crushes the at-
tempt at civil war in Soleure, 13,
446
Wentworth, Charles Watson, Marquis
of Rockingham: see Rockingham
Charles Watson Wentworth, Mar-
quis of
Wentworth, Thomas (1593-1641)
Earl of Strafford: leader of third
Parliament of Charles I, II, 323;
joins Charles I, 328; made chief
advisor of Charles I, 336; made
lord lieutenant of Ireland, 12, 11 1;
impeached and imprisoned, II, 337;
death of, 11, 339, 12, 113
Wenzel: see Vacslav or Wenceslaus
Werdan (7th century), a Byzantine
general: commands army for con-
quest of Saracens, 1, 270
Werden, Karl von, a Swedish sailor:
enters Peter's service, 15, 91
Werdenberg, Rudolf von: see Rudolf
von Werdenberg
Werder, Count August Karl Friedrich
Wilhelm Leopold von (1808-1887),
a Prussian general: in the Franco-
Prussian War, 18, 425
Werdmiiller, Conrad (17th century),
a Swiss general: leads peasant re-
volt, 13, 473
Werdmiiller, Rudolf (17th century), a
Swiss general: in the Religious
Wars, 13, 476; trial of, 483
Werenfels, Samuel (1657-1740), a
Swiss scholar and theologian: at-
tacks abuses of aristocracy, 13, 475
Wergeland, Henrik Arnold Thaulow
(1808-1845), a Norwegian poet:
leads the patriotic party, 16, 262,
264
Wergild, money or goods paid for in-
juries inflicted, a Viking custom: de-
scription of the, 16, 12, 41 note, 71
Werner (early nth century), Count of
Kyburg: sketch of, 18, 126
Werner (early nth century), Bishop
of Strasburg: builds the castle of
Hapsburg, 17, 99
Werner von Attinghausen (early 14th
century), a Swiss knight: leads
Swiss patriots, 13, 364
Werner von Homberg (early 14th cen-
tury), a Swiss knight: appointed
bailiff of Switzerland, 13, 364
Wernier (18th century), a Swiss con-
spirator: leader of uprising in Berne,
13, 498
Wernsfeld, Holland: battle of (1586),
13, iSi
Wertingen, Bavaria: battle of (1805),
9, 326, 10, 464
Wesen, Massacre of, a massacre of the
Swiss by the Austrians (1388), 13,
382
Wesley, Charles, English clergyman
and poet: born at Epworth, Decem-
ber 18, 1708; in 1716 he was sent to
Westminster School under his elder
brother, Samuel Wesley; then en-
tered Christ Church, Oxford, in 1726,
when his strictness in religion pro-
cured for him the name of Metho-
dist; sailed for Georgia with his
brother John in 1735; served as sec-
retary to Oglethorpe; returned to
England about the end of 1736;
Charles became an able preacher
GENERAL INDEX
761
and cooperated with John in many
of his religious enterprises; married
Sarah Gwynne in 1749, after which
he preached in London, Bristol and
other places, and propagated the
Methodist doctrines; also gained
great distinction as a writer of
hymns and composed many of those
used in the Methodist Church; died
in London, March 29, 1788
Work of, 23, 81
Wesley, John, English religious re-
former, founder of The Society of
Methodists: born at Epworth, Lin-
colnshire, England, June 17, 1703;
at an early age he was sent to the
Charter-House; in 1720 was sent to
Christ Church, Oxford; was or-
dained deacon in 1725; graduated as
M.A. in 1726; obtained a fellowship
in Lincoln College, Oxford, March
17, 1726; during that year assisted
his father at Epworth; was made
Greek lecturer and moderator of
the classes; employed as curate of
his father at Wroote, but it being
necessary for him to reside at Ox-
ford he resigned the curacy and re-
turned to Oxford, November, 1729;
became the head of the society, at
Oxford, composed of his brother
Charles and others, called Metho-
dists; in October, 1735, John and
Charles accepted an invitation to go
to Georgia to preach to the Indians
and the settlers of a colony founded
by Oglethorpe; arrived there in Feb-
ruary, 1736, but was not popular
with the settlers at Savannah and in
December, 1737, sailed for England,
arriving February, 1738; preached in
the open air at Bristol, where the
foundations of the society of Metho-
dists as an independent sect were
laid; continued to profess the doc-
trines of the Church of England
after he ceased to conform to its
discipline; usually traveled on horse-
back and often preached several ser-
mons a day; published many reli-
gious tracts, wrote hymns and also
was the author of books; died in
London, March 2, 1791
Sketch of, 11, 493, 23, 81
Wesley, Samuel (ca. 1664-1735), an
English clergyman: preaches against
James II's Declaration of Indul-
gence, 11, 427
Wessenberg, Ignaz Heinrich Karl,
Baron von (1774-1860), a German
Catholic theologian: persecuted, 13,
529
Wessex, one of the Saxon kingdoms
in England: conquered by Mercians
(779 A. D.), 11, 39
West, Benjamin (1738-1820), an
American-English painter: celebrat-
ed painting of, 23, 112
West, Garden of the: see Kansas
West, The Pennsylvania of the: see
Missouri
West Florida: see Florida
West India Company, Dutch, a com-
mercial association formed in the
Netherlands in 1621 : chartered, 20,
59; powers of, under charter, 23,
102; sketch of, 20, yy, loses its last
possession in Brazil, 13, 231 note
West India Company, French, a com-
mercial company founded 1664:
founded, 9, 214, 20, 68, 88
West Indies, Danish: history of, 20,
297; slave trade declared illegal in,
16, 255
West Indies, Dutch: description of, 20,
285
West Indies, English: condition of
(1776), 20, no; effect of the Ameri-
can Revolution on, 131
West Indies, History of: description
of, 20, 66; exploration and settle-
ment, 11,445; French possessions in,
threatened, 23, 357; British restric-
tions on trade with, 362; England
closes ports to American commerce,
471; conspiracies and revolutions in
Cuba, 22, 451; the American inter-
vention in Cuba, 456; military gov-
ernment in Cuba, 464; the republic
of Cuba to-day, 474; reciprocity be-
tween Cuba and the United States,
482; Hayti and San Domingo, 491
762
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
West Indies, The Gibraltar of the: see
Bermudas, The
West Point, a village in New York:
command of, given to Arnold, 23,
276
West Virginia, a state of the United
States, called the Panhandle State:
colonized by Ohio Company, 23,
170; refuses to secede, 24, 731; ad-
mitted to the Union, 733; railroad
strikes (1877), 919; Blaine's cam-
paign speeches (1884), 947; Presi-
dential elections (1896), 1018;
(1904), 1072
Westermann, Frangois Joseph (d.
1794), a French revolutionist and
general: death of, 9, 288
Western Australia, a British colony in
Australia: founded, 20, 187; govern-
ment of, 199; ratifies the new Consti-
tution (1900), 207
Western Reserve, a name for a part
of Ohio on Lake Erie, reserved by
Connecticut: created, 23, 318; agi-
tation over Fugitive Slave Law, 24,
672
Westland, New Zealand: formed, 20,
213
Westland, James, a British official in
India, 1893-1899: finance member of
the governor-general's council, 5,
274
Westminster Abbey, a church in Lon-
don: built by Eadward the Confes-
sor, 11, 64; rebuilt by Henry III,
142
Weston, Thomas (ca. 1575-1624), an
English adventurer: founds com-
mercial settlement on Massachusetts
Bay, 23, 85
Westphalia, a province of Prussia:
early inhabitants of, 18, 6; invaded
by Caesar, 12; peasant war in, 243;
given to Jerome Bonaparte, 10, 471
Westphalia, Peace of, the treaties
which ended the Thirty Years' War
(1648), 9, 200, 10, 135 note, 13, 219,
465, 16, 188, 17, 183, 18, 293
Wettstein (Wetstein) John Rudolf
(1594-1666), a Swiss diplomat: at
the Miinster Conference, 13, 465
Wexford, Ireland: sieges of (1169), 12,
49; (1649), 11, 363, 12, 124
Weyler, Valeriano y Nicolau (1836-
), a Spanish soldier: his ad-
ministration in Cuba, 8, 519, 20, 328,
22, 455, 24, 1022; recalled, 1023
Weymouth, George (early 17th cen-
tury), an English navigator: ex-
plores New England coast, 23, 54
Weyprecht, Charles (1838-1881), a Ger-
man Arctic explorer: aids scientific
polar research, 16, 318
Wharton, Thomas, Marquis of Whar-
ton (ca. 1640-1715), an English
Whig politician: Comptroller of the
Household, 11, 441
Wheat: raised in the Middle Colonies,
23, 136
Wheaton, Henry (1785-1848), an
American diplomat and jurist:
sketch of, 23, 481
Wheeler, Joseph (1836 ), an
American general: commands Con-
federate cavalry, 24, 805; appointed
major-general, 1028; in Santiago
campaign, 1029
Wheeler, William A. (18 19-1887), an
American statesman: nominated for
Vice-President (1876), 24, 907;
elected Vice-President (1876), 913
Wheeling, West Virginia: loyalist con-
vention at, 24, 731; State Constitu-
tional convention, 732
Wheelright, John (1592-1679), a New
England clergyman: in Salem col-
ony, 23, 90
Whiggamore's Raid, a dash on Edin-
burgh made by the Presbyterians
in 1648, 12, 341
Whigs, an American political party:
organized, 24, 520; convention at
Harrisburg, 520; alienated from
Tyler, 528; convention at Baltimore
(1844), 536; convention meets at
Philadelphia (1848), 556; dissolution,
637; convention at Baltimore (1852),
620; remnant in Constitutional
Union Party, 680
Whigs, an English political party:
origin, 23, 434; origin of the term,
11, 409, 23, 510
GENERAL INDEX
763
Whiskey Rebellion, a rebellion in
Pennsylvania against a duty on
spirits distilled in the United States
(1794): account of, 23, 367
Whiskey Ring, The, a conspiracy of
distillers and United States govern-
ment officials, to defraud the gov-
ernment of the excise duties (1872-
1875) : account of, 24, 894
Whiskey Tax, an excise duty on
spirits distilled within the United
States (1791): imposed, 23, 348; re-
pealed, 348
White, Andrew Dickson (1832 ),
an American educator, historian,
and politician: in San Domingo
Commission, 24, 880
White, Sir George Stuart (1835 ),
an English soldier: sketch of, 5, 278
White, Horace (1834 ), an Ameri-
can journalist: joins liberal move-
ment, 24, 890
White, Hugh Lawson (1 773-1840), an
American statesman: nominated for
Presidency, 23, 510
White, John (late 16th century), Eng-
lish colony founder: leaves a colony
in Virginia, 23, 53
White, John Claude, a contemporary
English official in India: member of
the Tibetan mission, 5, 297
White City: see Columbian Exposi-
tion, World's; also Belgrade
White Company, a band of assassins
organized in Toulouse in the 13th
century: in Italian wars, 4, 253
White Hill: see White Mountain
White House, The, the residence of
the Presidents of the United States
in Washington, D. C.: burned by
British, 23, 427
White Lily Sect, The, a Chinese sect,
6, 116, 144
White Mountain, a hill near Prague:
battle of (1620), 9, 189, 11, 313, 17,
206, 226, 18, 270
White Pass, The, a pass in Alaska:
awarded to the United States in
Alaskan boundary dispute, 24, 1054
White Plains, a village in New York:
battle of (1776), 23, 244
White Queen, The: see Mary Queen
of Scots
Whiteboys, an illegal agrarian asso-
ciation in Ireland (1761): sketch of,
13, 175
Whitefield, George, English preacher:
born at Gloucester, England, De-
cember 16, 1714; was sent to a
grammar school and in 1733 entered
Pembroke College, Oxford; at col-
lege he became an intimate friend of
John and Charles Wesley; was or-
dained a deacon in 1736 and began
soon after to preach; in 1737
preached in London; went to Geor-
gia, 1738; instituted an orphan-
house at Savannah and returned to
England in September, 1738; in the
autumn of 1739 he again crossed the
Atlantic to America preaching in
Philadelphia, New York, and other
places, and in 1741 he returned to
England; revisited the American
colonies in 1744; sailed from Eng-
land in 1769 on his seventh visit to
America and died at Newburyport,
Massachusetts, September 30, 1770
Sketch of, 11, 493, 23, 81
Whitelocke, Bulstrode (1605-1676), an
English statesman: at the court of
Christina, 16, 205
Whitgift, John (i530?-i6o4), Arch-
bishop of Canterbury: appointed, XX,
300
Whitman, Marcus (19th century), an
American missionary: saves Oregon
for the United States, 24, 542
Whitman, Walt or Walter (1819-1892),
an American poet: his poem on the
death of Lincoln, 24, 827
Whitney, Eli, the American inventor
of the cotton gin: born at Westboro,
Massachusetts, December 8, 1765;
graduated at Yale in 1792, went to
Georgia to teach school; about the
end of 1792, he invented the cotton-
gin for separating the cotton from
the seed; before he had obtained a
patent his premises were broken
open by night and the model stolen;
engaged in the manufacture of fire-
764
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
arms near New Haven in 1798 and
acquired an independent fortune in
that business; died at New Haven,
January 8, 1825
Increases value of slavery to the
South, 23, 128; invents cotton gin,
450
Whitney, William Collins (1841-1904),
an American lawyer and politician:
Secretary of the Navy, 24, 950 note
Whittier, John Greenleaf (1 807-1 892),
an American poet: in American lit-
erature, 24, 481; secretary of Ameri-
can Anti-Slavery Society, 24, 574;
joins liberal movement, 890; his
Centennial Hymn sung, 903
Whitworth, Sir Charles, Earl Whit-
worth ( 1 754-1825), an English dip-
lomat: quits St. Petersburg, 15, 207
Wickes, Lambert (late 18th century),
an American naval commander:
naval exploits of, 23, 290
Wickliffe: see Wycliffe
Wickmand (ca. 9th century), an early
ruler in Flanders: gains a footing in
the Netherlands, 13, 20
Wiclif: see Wycliffe
Widdin (Widin), Bulgaria: surren-
ders to Sigismund, 14, 40
Widow-burning, a custom in India:
abolished, 5, 213
Wieland, Christopher Martin (1733-
1813), a German poet: at Weimar,
18, 353
Wielopolski, Marquis (19th century),
a Polish statesman: becomes direc-
tor of public instruction in Poland,
15, 325
Wiener-Neustadt, Lower Austria :
diet of (1502), 17, 174
Wifredo (Hunfrido), I, Count of
Barcelona, 858 A. D.: reign of, 8,
222
Wifredo II (d. 912), Count of Barce-
lona: reign of, 8, 224
Wight, Isle of, an island off the south
coast of England: Jutes form settle-
ments in, 11, 18
Wilberforce, William, English philan-
thropist and statesman: born at
Hull, England, August 24, 1759; was
sent to grammar school at Hull, and
in 1776 entered St. John's College,
Cambridge; while at Cambridge,
formed an acquaintance with Wil-
liam Pitt; was elected a member
of Parliament in 1780; in 1783 he
visited France in company with Mr.
Pitt, and as a supporter of Pitt was
elected a member for Yorkshire; he
passed part of the years 1784 and
1785 in a continental tour; in 1787 he
began a series of efforts for the ref-
ormation of manners and especially
for abolishing the African slave
trade; he opened the debate against
the traffic on May 12, 1789, and was
supported by Burke, Pitt, and Fox;
although defeated he renewed the
effort and finally, in 1807, after a
struggle of nearly twenty years, the
bill was passed making it illegal for
a British citizen to carry on the
slave traffic; in 1825 Wilberforce re-
tired from Parliament and went to
live upon a small estate at High-
wood, near London; died in Cado-
gan Place, London, July 29, 1883
His crusade against slave-trade,
11, 541, 19, 40, 20, 238
Wilbrod: see Willebrod
Wilderness, Battle of the, a battle
fought in Virginia, United States,
during the Civil War (1864): ac-
count of, 24, 787; political effects
of, 801
Wildhans von Breitenlandenberg (15th
century), a Swiss soldier: defends
Greifenses, 13, 401
Wildman, Edwin (1867 ), an
American journalist and author: his
negotiations with the Filipinos, 20,
315
Wilfrid, Saint (ca. 634-708 A. D.), an
English prelate, Archbishop of
York: makes English church con-
form with church of Rome, 11, 2>7
Wilhelm (9th century), Count of
Barcelona: attempts to gain his
fief, 8, 222
Wilhelm: see also William
Wilhelmina (Wilhelmina Helena
GENERAL INDEX
765
Paulina Maria) (1880 ), Queen
of Holland, 1890 : birth of, 13,
318: reign of, 318
Wilhelmine, Friederike Sophie (1709-
1758), Margravine of Bayreuth:
marriage of, 18, 327
Wilkes, Charles (1801-1877), an
American naval officer and explorer:
explorations of, 16, 334; in the
Trent Affair, 24, 729
Wilkes, John (1727-1797), an English
politician and agitator: arrested, 11,
507; trials of, 508: reflections of, 511
Wilkinson, James (1757-1825), an
American soldier: betrays Burr, 23,
403
Willamette River, a river in Oregon,
United States: settlements made on,
24, 542
Willard, Samuel (1640-1707), a New
England divine, 23, 139
Willebrod (Willibrod), Saint (ca. 657-
ca. 738), an English missionary,
later, Bishop of Utrecht: his efforts
among the Frisons, 13, 15; the mis-
sion of, 16, 25
Willekens, Jacob (early 17th century),
a Dutch admiral: conquers San Sal-
vador, 8, 460, 20, 59
Willi (d. 1804), a Swiss insurgent:
leads insurrection, 13, 520
William (I) the Conqueror, King of
England, 1066-1087: born at Falaise,
Normandy, in 1025; was educated at
the court of King Henry I of
France, succeeded his father in 1035,
as William II of Normandy; Wil-
liam resolved to invade England, he
landed at Pevensey, in Sussex, about
September 28 and defeated the Eng-
lish under Harold, King of England,
near Hastings, on October 14, 1066;
was crowned King of England at
Westminster Abbey on December
25; confiscated the estates of those
partisans of Harold who had been
killed at Hastings and took care to
place all real power in the hands of
the Normans; while he was absent
on a visit to Normandy, in 1067,
conspiracies were formed against
him; he returned about the end of
1067 and ordered his army to lay
waste by fire the country between
the Humber and the Tees; in 1068
the curfew bell was introduced; be-
sides the establishment and consoli-
dation of his power in England Wil-
liam carried on a series of wars on
the continent with his son, with
Brittany, and with the King of
France; in the campaign against
France he was injured by a fall
from his horse at Mantes-sur-Seine,
was brought to Rouen, and died
there, September 9, 1087
Visits England, 11, 62; named as
successor of Eadward the Confes-
sor, 62; wins battle of Val-es-dunes,
62; claims the English crown, 64; in-
vades England, 65; conquers Eng-
land, 9, 68, 12, 257; receives assist-
ance from Flanders, 13, 25; corona-
tion, 11, 68; conquest of the west
and north, 72; invades Scotland, 73;
refuses obedience to Pope Gregory,
77; orders the compilation of the
Domesday Book, 79; Svend Estrid-
sen demands tribute of, 16, 68;
erects Palatinate of Durham, 23, 68;
protects the Jews, 1, 419; death, 11,
81
William (II) Rufus (1056-1100), King
of England, 1087-1100: character
and reign of, 11, 82; refuses to
acknowledge papal supremacy, 85;
at war with his brother Henry, 86;
his relations with Scotland, 12, 258;
death of, 11, 87
William (III) of Orange, King of
England, 1689-1702: born at The
Hague, November 4th or 14th, 1650;
in 1672, when France and England
attacked The Netherlands, William
was made stadtholder and comman-
der-in-chief and by his military and
diplomatic talents he freed the coun-
try from the grasp of Louis XIV;
in 1677, he married Mary, a daughter
of James, Duke of York, afterwards
James II of England; in 1688, he
was invited by a large number of
the most prominent men in England
to come with an army for the de-
766
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
fense of liberty and the Protestant
religion in England; in November,
1688, he landed at Torbay, with an
army of about 14,000 men; he was
joined by numerous peers, and was
favored by a general defection in
the army of King James, who threw
the great seal into the Thames and
absconded on December 11, 1688;
the revolution was thus accom-
plished without much bloodshed; he
called a convention, composed of
peers, and the surviving members of
the former House of Commons,
which, in February, 1689, voted
that James had abdicated and that
William and Mary should be de-
clared King and Queen of England;
in May, 1689, he declared war
against the King of France; on July
I, 1690, he gained a decisive victory
over the French and Irish at the fa-
mous battle of the Boyne, and de-
feated the French at La Hogue;
was defeated at Steenkerke, August,
1692; England had just determined
and publicly announced that it
would take part in the Spanish war
of succession when William died at
Kensington, March 8, 1702, in conse-
quence of a fall from his horse
Birth of, 13, 228; placed at the
head of affairs in the Dutch Repub-
lic, 236; his connection with the
death of the De Witts, 238 note; his
relations with Louis XIV of France,
242; his campaigns against the
French, 9, 210; marries Mary,
daughter of James, 11, 404, 13, 241;
invited to England, II, 428; be-
comes leader of the League of
Augsburg, 9, 217; accession of,
to English throne, 11, 431, 12,
132, 350, 13, 244, 23, 72, 157;
reign of, II, 435; his campaign in
Ireland, 12, 141; proclaimed in New
York, 23, 105; unfavorable to Lord
Baltimore, 72; condition of the
colonies under, 20, 89, 23, 93, 101;
his relations with Peter the Great,
15, 33, 35, 73; aids Sweden, 16, 215;
death of, 11, 451, 13, 247
William IV (1765-1837), King or
Great Britain, 1830-1837, called The
Sailor King: reign of, 11, 585; death
of, 595
William I, King of Prussia, 1861-1888,
and Emperor of Germany, 1871-
1888: born March 22, 1807, in Ber-
lin, son of Frederick William III of
Prussia; married, in 1829, Maria
Louisa Augusta, daughter of the
Duke of Saxe-Weimar; in 1848 he
was compelled to leave the country
and go to England; commanded the
army which suppressed the insur-
rection in Baden in 1849; ascended
the Prussian throne on the death of
his brother Frederick William IV,
January, 1861; in 1864 King William
united with the Emperor of Austria
in an aggressive war against Den-
mark and in 1866 victories were won
over Austria and her German allies;
placed himself at the head of the
newly formed North German Union;
the greatest glory was gained by the
king in the war with France (1870-
1871); the alliance of the German
States in this war led to the per-
manent union known as the Empire
of Germany, with William as the
first emperor; he was proclaimed
Emperor from the palace of the
French kings at Versailles, January
18, 1871; the remainder of his reign
was peaceful; he died at Berlin,
March 9, 1888
Regency of, 18, 404; reign of, 405;
German policy of, 17, 390; at the
battle of Sadowa, 392; condition of
Jews under, 1, 423
William II (1859 ), Emperor of
Germany, 1888 : accession of,
18, 437; reign of, 449; visits Japan,
7, 191; his policy in the Eastern
Question, 14, 508
William (I) Frederick (1 772-1 843),
King of Holland, 1815-1840: pro-
claimed, 13, 272; reign of, 279; ab-
dication of, 313
William II (1792-1849), King of Hol-
land, 1840-1849: in the Waterloo
campaign, 13, 287, 289; in the
GENERAL INDEX
767
Belgian Revolution, 296; reign of,
313
William III (1817-1890), King of Hol-
land, 1849-1890: reign of, 13, 314
William (I) the Silent, Prince of
Orange, and Nassau, called The
High-born Demosthenes: born at
Dillenburg, in Nassau, April 14,
1533; i n J544 ne inherited from his
cousin the principality of Orange in
Provence, whence he derived the
title of Prince of Orange; he was
educated as a Protestant by his par-
ents, but about the age of fifteen he
became a page of the Emperor
Charles V, who quickly discerned
his excellent qualities and admitted
him into his secret councils; Charles
appointed him general-in-chief of
the army in 1554 and leaned on his
shoulder at the ceremony of his
own abdication in I5SS; William was
one of the hostages given by Philip
II of Spain to Henry II of France,
in 1559 for the execution of the
Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis; Henry
II, in conversation with his
hostage (whom he supposed to be a
Catholic and to be privy to the se-
crets of the Spanish court) impru-
dently revealed to him a plot which
those two kings had formed to mas-
sacre all their Protestant subjects;
he received the surname of " The
Silent " from the manner in which
he received these communications
from Henry without revealing by
look or word the enormous blunder
which had been committed; as gov-
ernor of Holland and Zealand he re-
fused in 1564 to allow the establish-
ment of the Spanish Inquisition in
these provinces; a mutual but dis-
sembled enmity existed between him
and Philip II; in 1566 a great insur-
rection was provoked by the attempt
of Philip to establish the Inquisition
in all its rigor in The Netherlands;
William refused to take a new oath
of unlimited obedience and offered
to resign all his offices in 1567;
when Philip II sent the Duke of
Alva as governor-general to The
Netherlands, with a large Spanish
army, William resigned and retired
with his family to Germany; in Feb-
ruary, 1568, a sentence of the In-
quisition condemned to death as
heretics all the inhabitants of the
Netherlands, with a few exceptions;
in 1568 William entered Brabant
with a large army and offered battle
to Alva, who declined to fight; he
founded a famous republic by the
union of the seven Protestant prov-
inces of Holland, Zealand, Utrecht,
Friesland, Groningen, Overyssel,
and Guelderland, in 1579, and was
chosen Stadtholder; was assassinat-
ed at Delft, Netherlands, July 10,
1584
Sketch of, 13, 79; pays his re-
spects to Philip II of Spain, 73; per-
mits no persecutions in his prov-
inces, J7; opposes policy of Philip
II of Spain, 78; attempts to gain
the regency of the Low Countries,
8, 357; joins confederates, 13, 89;
sent to Antwerp, 92; exiles himself,
102; summoned before the Council
of Blood, 107; heads rebellion, 108;
campaigns of, 8, 359; made governor
of the Low Countries, 360; attempt-
ed assassination of, 13, 135; death
of, 8, 361, n, 293, 13, 142
William (II) of Nassau, Prince of
Orange, 1626-1650: betrothed to
Mary II of England, 13, 213; be-
comes Prince of Orange, 217; sketch
of, 225; death of, 228
William (III) of Nassau, Prince of
Orange: see William (III) of
Orange, King of England
William (IV) Charles Henry Friso
(1711-1751), Prince of Orange:
marries Princess Anne of England,
13, 254; made stadtholder of all the
provinces, 255; death of, 256
William V (1748-1806), Prince of
Orange: accession of, 13, 256; his
campaign against France, 9, 286; re-
signs his powers, 13, 265
William the Lion (d. 1214), King of
Scotland, 1165-1214: reign of, 12,
768
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
266; aids the revolt of the English
barons, 11, 108; released from doing
homage to English king, 112
William (I) the Bad, King of Sicily,
1154-1166: reign of, 4, 196
William (II) the Good, King of Sicily,
1166-1189: reign of, 4, 196
William X (d. 1137), Duke of Aqui-
taine and Count of Poitou: supports
claims of Geoffrey Plantagenet, 9,
72
William I, Duke of Austria, 1395-1411:
reign of, 17, 105, 106
William (17th century), Landgrave of
Hesse-Cassel: unites with Gustavus
Adolphus, 18, 280; defeats the im-
perialists, 285
William IV (d. 1345), Count of Hol-
land and Hainault, 1337-1345: aids
John the Pitiless, 13, 38
William (late 13th century), Marquise
of Montferrat: war with Amadeus
V of Savoy, 4, 274
William (17th century), Count of
Nassau, nephew of William of
Orange: his expedition against
Cadiz, 13, 163; his campaign
against the Spanish, 210
William (1783-1851), Prince of Prus-
sia: his campaign against Napoleon,
9, 346
William IV (d. 1127), Count of Upper
Burgundy: death of, 13, 348
William (13th century), Bishop of
Valence: his influence over Henry
III of England, 11, 134
William, The People's: see Gladstone,
William Ewart
William Longsword, Duke of Nor-
mandy, 927-943: invites Louis IV to
come to France, 9, 55; death of, 9,
56
William Longsword (12th century), an
English crusader: at siege of Lis-
bon, 8, 275
William of Holland (ca. 1227-1256),
titular King of Germany: his strug-
gles for the throne, 18, 167, 168
William of Lobkovitz: see Lobkovitz,
William of
William of Longchamps (late 12th
century), Bishop of Ely: appointed
Justiciar, 11, 112; driven from Eng-
land, 113
William of Malmesbury (ca. 1095-
1142), an English historian and
monk: work of, n, 92
William of Nassau, Prince of Orange:
see William (I) the Silent
William of Newburgh (b. 1136), an
English chronicler: English his-
torian, 11, 116
William of Slavata: see Slavata, Wil-
liam of
William of Wykeham, Bishop of Win-
chester: see Wykeham, William of
William Shortnose (late 8th century),
Duke of Toulouse: appointed guard-
ian of Louis the Pious, 9, 43
William the Marshal (d. 1219), Earl of
Pembroke: appointed guardian of
Henry III of England, 11, 130; de-
feats Louis at Lincoln, 130
William and Mary College, Williams-
burg, Virginia: founded, 23, 141;
graduates of, in Constitutional Con-
vention, 323
William Frederick (17th century),
Count of Nassau: becomes stadt-
holder of Friesland (1640), 13, 213;
attempts to seize Amsterdam, 227
William Henry, Fort, an English fort
on Lake George, New York: cap-
tured by the French, 23, 186
William von Hochberg (15th century),
an Austrian governor of Zurich:
made governor, 13, 400
Williams, Captain (late 16th century),
an Irish soldier: defends Portmore,
12, 96
Williams, Mrs. (d. 1704), the wife of
John Williams, a New England
clergyman: captivity among Indians,
23, 160
Williams, Sir Charles Hanbury (1709-
I 7S9)> an English writer and diplo-
mat: negotiates a convention with
Russia, 15, 142; intrigues of, 144; re-
called, 147
Williams, David (1754-1831), an
American Revolutionary soldier:
aids in capture of Andre, 23, 277
GENERAL INDEX
769
Williams, Ephraim (1715-1755), an
American military officer: in the
French and Indian Wars, 23, 183
Williams, George Henry (1823 ),
an American jurist and politician:
in Joint High Commission, 24, 883
Williams, James (1740- 1780), an
American Revolutionary soldier:
killed at battle of King's Mountain,
23, 279
Williams, John (1582-1650), Arch-
bishop of York: impeached, XI, 343
Williams, John Sharp (1854 ), an
American lawyer and politician: in
Democratic convention (1904), 24,
1064
Williams, Roger, founder of the State
of Rhode Island: born in London,
England, in 1607 (or 1599); studied
at Sutton's Hospital (later the Char-
ter-House School) and graduated at
Pembroke College, Cambridge, Jan-
uary, 1626; became master of several
ancient languages and was ordained
a minister of the Church of Eng-
land; in 1631 he emigrated to Mas-
sachusetts in search of religious lib-
erty and preached for a short time
at' Salem; but was banished from
the colony in 1635 on account of his
doctrines; was censured by the
court because he taught that magis-
trates should not punish the breach
of the Sabbath or dictate on the sub-
ject of worship; founded the city of
Providence, 1636, and there opened
an asylum in which men of all
creeds might enjoy full religious lib-
erty; it is stated he became a Bap-
tist in 1639, but that he soon began
to doubt the validity of baptism;
made a voyage to England, 1643;
obtained a charter for the new col-
ony, and returned in 1644; after a
second voyage to England, he was
elected President of Rhode Island,
in 1654; lived in peace and amity
with the Indians, over whom he ac-
quired much influence; in 1657,
ceased to be president of the col-
ony; died at Providence, March or
April, 1684
Sketch of, 23, 89; founds Provi-
dence, 94; early colonial author, 142
Williams, Sir William Fenwick (1800-
1883), an English military offi-
cer: his defense of Kars, 15, 314,
322
Williams College, an institution of
learning at Williamstown, Massa-
chusetts: founded, 23, 183
Williamsburg, Virginia: reached by
Washington on return from Fort
le Boeuf, 23, 171; battle of (1862),
24, 758
Willibrod: see Willebrod
Willigis (975-101 1), Archbishop of
Mayence: aids Theophania, 18, 118
Willis (late 18th century), an English
physician: attends George III, 11,
531
Willis, Albert L. (19th century),
United States minister to Hawaii
(1893): appointed, 24, 998
Willis, Nathaniel Parker (1 806-1 867),
an American poet and author: in
American literature, 23, 481
Willis Creek, a small river in western
Pennsylvania, United States: Wash-
ington withdraws to, 23, 173
Willisen, Wilhelm (1 790-1 879), a Prus-
sian general and military writer: in
the Slesvig-Holstein War, 16, 272
Willoughby, Sir Hugh (d. 1554),
searches for the Northeast Passage,
5, 156, 16, 300
Wilmanstrand (Wilmanstand), Rus-
sia: battle of (1741), 15, 131
Wilmington, a city in North Carolina:
taken, 24, 809
Wilmington, Earl of: see Compton,
Spencer
Wilmot, David (1814-1868), an Ameri-
can legislator: proposes the Wilmot
Proviso, 24, 551
Wilmot Proviso, in United States his-
tory, a proviso added to the bill for
the purchase of Mexican territory
(1846): proposed, 24, 551; effect on
South, 594; Lincoln votes for, 666
Wilna (Vilna), Russia: battle of
(1389), 18, 199
Wilson, Henry (1812-1875), an Ameri-
can statesman: member of Buffalo
770
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
convention (1848), 24, 558; nominat-
ed for Vice-President (1872), 891
Wilson, James (1742-1798), an Ameri-
can patriot and jurist: in Constitu-
tional Convention, 23, 324; wins
ratification of Constitution in Penn-
sylvania, 335; absent from first Con-
gress, 343
Wilson, James (1805-1860), a British
economist: financial member of the
Indian council, 5, 243
Wilson, Sir Robert Thomas (1777-
1849), an English soldier and au-
thor: with the Russian army, 15,
235, 246, 259
Wilson, T. F. (d. 1886), an English
official in India: becomes military
member of the governor-general's
council, 5, 261
Wilson, William L. (1843 ), an
American statesman: Postmaster-
General, 24, 993 note; introduces
a bill to change McKinley Tariff,
995
Wilson Scandal, The, the discovery of
the sale of state offices in France
(1887), 9, 484
Wilson Tariff Law, a tariff bill passed
by the United States Congress
(1894): passed, 24, 995
Wilson's Creek, a small river in Mis-
souri: battle of (1861), 24, 739
Wilton, Lord Arthur Grey of: see
Grey of Wilton, Lord Arthur
Wimpfen, Germany: battle of (1622),
18, 272
Wimpfen, Baron Felix de (1744-1814),
a French soldier: leads army of in-
surrectionists, 9, 285
Wimpffen, Emmanuel Felix de (181 1-
1884), a French soldier: in the Fran-
co-Prussian War, 9, 465, 18, 423
Winceby, England: battle of (1643),
11, 348
Winchelsey (late 13th century), Arch-
bishop of Canterbury: refuses to al-
low taxation of clergy, 11, 149
Winchester, England : founding of first
great public school in England at,
11, 170
Winchester, Virginia: occupied by
Johnston, 24, 734; battle of (1864),
760; Sheridan's ride from, 793; po-
litical effect of victory at, 801
Winchester, James (1752-1826), an
American general: defeated at River
Raisin, 23, 424
Winder, William H. (1775-1824), an
American lawyer and general: fails
to defend Washington, 23, 426
Windham, Thomas (16th century), an
English voyager: his voyages to
Africa, 19, 28
Windischgratz, Count, a contemporary
Austrian statesman: his administra-
tion as premier of Austria, 17, 432
Windischgratz, Alfred Candidus Fer-
dinand, Prince of (1787-1862), an
Austrian field-marshal: campaigns
of, 18, 401; in the Hungarian insur-
rection, 15, 300; enters Vienna, 17,
370; enters Presburg, 371; his cam-
paign against Vienna, 376
Windom, William (1827-1891), an
American politician and financier: in
Garfield's cabinet, 24, 932 note; in-
vestigates charges against the rail-
ways, 956
Windsor, Connecticut: founded, 23,
92
Windthorst, Ludwig (1812-1891), a
German statesman and lawyer: leads
the Clericals, 18, 439
Windward Islands, a group of islands
in the West Indies: government of,
20, 246
Winfield, a battlefield in Germany:
battle of (9 A. D.), 18, 19
Wing, Simon (19th century), Ameri-
can politician: nominated for Presi-
dent (1892), 24, 991
Winifred: see Boniface
Winkelried, Arnold of (d. 1386), a
Swiss patriot: legend of, 13, 381; at
the battle of Sempach, 18, 197
"Winning of the West," a book by
Theodore Roosevelt: published, 24,
1069
Winnington Bridge, England: battle
of (1659), , 374
Winslow, Josiah (1629-1680), an
American colonial governor: expels
Acadians, 23, 180
Winter, Sir James Spearman (1845-
GENERAL INDEX
771
), a Canadian statesman: fall of
his ministry, 20, 178
Winter, Jan Willem de (1761-1812), a
Dutch admiral and diplomat: com-
mands expedition for invasion of
Ireland, 12, 208; at the battle of
Camperdown, 13, 266
Winter King, The: see Frederick V,
Count Palatine and King of Bo-
hemia
Winterfeldt, Baron de (18th century),
a Prussian diplomat: mission of, 15,
135
Winterthur, Switzerland: battles of
(919 A. D.), 13, 344; (1292), 3&3
Winthrop, John (1588-1649), an
American colonial governor: re-
moves colony to Boston Harbor,
23, 88; disputes over rights of colo-
nists, 88; sent to England, 93; early
colonial author, 142
Winthrop, John (1 606-1676), an
American colonial governor, a son
of the preceding: founds Saybrook,
23, 92
Winthrop, Robert Charles (1 809-1 894),
an American statesman and orator:
opposed for Speaker of House, 24,
598; at centennial of Cornwallis's
surrender, 940
Winton, Sir Francis de (19th century),
an Anglo-African statesman: suc-
ceeds Stanley in Africa, 70; gov-
ernor of the International Congo
Association, 116
Wintzenrode (Wintzingerode), Count
Ferdinand (1770-18 18), a German
officer: campaigns of, 15, 214
Winwaed, a river in England: battle of
the (655 A. D.), 11, 35
Winwood, Sir Ralph (ca. 1564-1617),
an English diplomat and statesman:
represents England at the Hague
peace commission (1607), 13, 186
Wirt, William (1 772-1834), American
lawyer and author: nominated for
President, 23, 498; quoted on Jack-
son's popularity, 499
Wisby (Visby), Sweden: captured by
Valdemar IV (1361), 16, 115
Wischart: see Wishart
Wisconsin, a state of the United
States, means " a wild, rushing
river," called The Badger State:
mounds of the Mound Builders in,
23, 5; part of Massachusetts, 317;
Presidential election of 1892, 24,
992
Wise, Henry Alexander (1806-1876),
an American politician: opposes
Slade in Congress, 24, 578
Wishart (Wischart), George (d. 1546),
a Scottish Protestant reformer: mar-
tyrdom of, 12, 307
Wisniowiecki, Michael (18th century),
a Lithuanian statesman: supports
Augustus III of Poland, 15, 118
Wissmann, Hermann von (1853 ),
a German explorer and East Af-
rican governor: explorations of, 19,
90; appointed Imperial Commission-
er in East Africa, 141
Witchcraft: made capital offense by
"Body of Liberties"; persecutions
at Salem, 23, 91
Witekind: see Witikind
Witenagemot, in English history, an
assembly of bishops and warriors:
consulted by yElfred the Great, II,
44; powers of, 54; changes in, under
William the Conqueror, 80
Witepsk, Russia: battle of (1812), 10,
48S
Witeric (7th century), King of the
Goths: reign of, 8, 43
Witherspoon, John (1722-1794), an
American divine: British soldiers
pillage house of, 23, 250
Witikind (Witekind), a Saxon histo-
rian and monk: sketch of, 13, 15
Witiza, King of the Goths, ca. 701-
708: reign of, 8, 46
Witold (Witwald) (d. 1430), Prince of
Lithuania: seeks alliance with the
Hussites, 18, 208
Witt, John de (1625-1672), a Dutch
statesman: grand pensionary of
Holland, 13, 231; leader of the
Triple Alliance, 9, 209; advocates
colonial enterprise, 20, 65; death of,
13, 238
Witte, Cornelius de (d. 1672), a Dutch
772
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
naval officer and statesman: relieves
Copenhagen, 16, 209; arrest of, 13,
226; death of, 238
Witte, Count Sergei Yulievitch (1840-
), a Russian statesman: organ-
izes the exposition of all the Rus-
sias, 15, 347; his plans for indus-
trial improvements, 352; completes
the Trans-Siberian railroad, 355;
promotion of, 358; at the Ports-
mouth Conference, 7, 317, 15, 364;
appointed premier, 365
Wittekind (Witikind) (d. 807 A. D.),
chief of the Saxons: his campaigns
against Charlemagne, 18, 80
Wittenbach, Thomas (15th century), a
Swiss scholar: sketch of, 13, 428;
attacks existing institutions, 432
Wittenberg, Prussia: defended by-
Sibylla, 18, 256
Wittenberg, The Monk of: see Luther,
Martin
Wittenberg, University of, a univer-
sity at Wittenberg, Prussia: found-
ed, 18, 234
Wittenhorst, van (early 17th century),
a Dutch diplomat: negotiates treaty
with the estates of the Netherlands,
13, 184
Wittgenstein, Ludwig Adolf Peter,
Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Lud-
wigsburg (1769-1843), a German
military commander: his campaign
against Napoleon, 9, 342, 15, 219;
his campaign against Turkey, 15,
278
Witthoeft, contemporary Russian rear-
admiral: his services in the Russo-
Japanese War, 7, 308
Wittstock, Prussia: battle of (1636),
16, 186
Witwald: see Witold
Witwatersrand, South Africa: discov-
ery of gold at, 19, 275
Wodnesbeorh: see Wanborough
Woerth: see Worth
Wogastiburg, Bohemia: battle of
(630 A. D.), 17, 20
Wohlegemuth (late 19th century), a
German police officer: his mission
to Switzerland, 13, 590
Wohlenswil (Wohlenschwyl), Switz-
erland: battle of (1653), 13, 473
Wolf II (8th century), King of the
Basques: at war with Charlemagne,
9. 42
Wolf (Wolff), Karl Hermann (1862-
), an Austrian politician: his
duel with Badeni, 17, 435
Wolf of America, The: see Montgom-
ery, Richard
Wolfe, James, English military offi-
cer: born at Wester ham, Kent,
England, January 15, 1726; entered
the army as second lieutenant at an
early age; served with great dis-
tinction in Germany in the early
campaigns of the Seven Years' War;
commanded a regiment in the High-
lands of Scotland, 1749-1754; quar-
termaster-general in the expedition
against Rochefort, 1757; and briga-
dier-general in the expedition
against Louisburg, 1758; major-gen-
eral and placed in command of an
expedition for the conquest of Can-
ada, 1759; arrived with 8,000 men in
the St. Lawrence in June; was re-
pulsed by Montcalm in a first at-
tack July 31 and fell in the moment
of victory in the battle on the Plains
of Abraham, September 13, 1759
At siege of Louisburg, 23, 188;
at the battle of Quebec, II, 500, 20,
118, 23, 194; death, 23, 196
Wolfenbuttel, Germany: battle of
(1641), 9, 194
Wolfe's Cove, an inlet of the St. Law-
rence River: origin of name, 23, 195
Wolfgang, William (early 17th cen-
tury), Count Palatine of Neuburg:
in the Succession of Cleves dispute,
18, 266
Wolfram of Eschenbach (early 13th
century), a German minnesinger:
sketch of, 18, 178
Wolgast, Prussia: taken by the Danes,
18, 276
Wollaston (17th century), a New
England colonist: founds commer-
cial settlement, 23, 85
Wollaston Land, a region in the arc-
GENERAL INDEX
773
tic lands of North America: discov-
ered, 16, 310
Wolleb, Heinrich (d. 1499), a Swiss
soldier: at the battle of Frastenz,
13, 418
Wolleran, Switzerland: siege of
(1798), 13, 514
Wolmar, Livonia, Russia: battle of
(1219), 16, 86
Wolseley, Garnet Joseph, 1st Viscount
Wolseley (1833 ), a British gen-
eral: his Egyptian campaign, I, 40,
ii, 634
Wolsey, Thomas, an English courtier
and cardinal, called the Boy Bache-
lor and the Butcher's Dog: born
at Ipswich, Suffolk, England,
March, 1471; educated at Mag-
dalene College, Oxford, where
he obtained the degree of B.A.
at the early age of fifteen; was
ordained a priest, and appointed a
chaplain to Henry VII; went on a
mission to the Emperor Maximilian
and to Scotland, 1508; the next year
went on a similar errand and for
his success was rewarded with the
deanery of Lincoln; Henry VIII
made him his almoner in 1509; he
became Canon of Windsor, 151 1,
Dean of York and Bishop of Tour-
nay, 1513, Bishop of Lincoln in
March, 1514, Archbishop of York,
1514, Cardinal, 1515, and Lord Chan-
cellor of England, 1515; built Hamp-
ton Court, founded Christ Church
College and seven lectureships at
Oxford; aspired to the papacy and
was a candidate for it at the death
of Leo X, 1522, but was defeated;
in 1523 he was appointed legate of
the Pope for life; fortified the
king's scruples in relation to his
marriage with Queen Catherine, but
lost the favor of Henry, probably
because he failed to gain the Pope's
consent to the divorce of Cather-
ine; on October 29, 1529, the great
seal was taken from him and he
was dismissed in disgrace; on No-
vember 4, 1530, he was arrested at
Cawood on a charge of high trea-
son; was conducted to London but
on the way fell ill and died at Lei-
cester Abbey, November 29, 1530
Plans military operations against
France, 11, 236; made Archbishop
of York, 237; his peace policy, 237;
contest with parliament, 241;
schemes for the papal tiara, 241;
asked for an Amicable Loan, 242;
negotiates treaty with France, 242;
papal legate, 243; seduced by Fran-
cis I of France, 9, 138; aids Em-
peror Charles V against Francis I
of France, 13, 56; sketch of, II,
244; decides to aid Henry VIII to
obtain divorce from Catherine, 246;
attempts to crush French influence
in Scotland, 12, 302; fall of, 11, 247
Wolverines, State of: see Michigan
Woman, The Dreadful: see Caroline,
wife of George IV of England
Women, Status of:
AMERICA: status of, among Az-
tecs, 23, 7; heard by proxy in In-
dian councils, 13; first arrival in
American colony, 62; excluded from
colonial colleges, 142
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: marriage
made a civil contract, 17, 267, 450
BABYLONIA: under the laws, 1,
112
CHINA: condition of nobility, 6,
229; great power of the empress,
280, 292, 300
EGYPT: in early times, I, 59
ENGLAND: in the 10th century,
11, 55; lack of education in 17th cen-
tury, 420; labor laws (1842-1847),
603
FRANCE: ancient Gaul, 9, 5; Salic
Law enforced (1317), 90
GERMANY: in early times, 18, 4, 8
GREECE: in Homeric times, 2, 35,
36; in Sparta under the Lycurgan
constitution, 67
INDIA: as shown in the Rig-Veda,
5, 38; in the primitive tribes, 27, 29,
30, 32, 75; under Buddhist religion,
66; under the Vishnuite doctrines,
85; suppression of widow-burning,
213; reform of social evils (1893),
271
774
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
IRELAND: in the 12th century, 12,
10, 14
ITALY: right of succession, 4, 196
JAPAN: in Hei-an Epoch, 7, 8, 45
LYDIA: the Amazons, 1, 148
MEXICO: under Montezuma, 22,
88
PERU: in Lima, 21, 214
PHILIPPINES: education of, 20,
369
ROME: in ancient times, 3, II ; in
the 1st century B. C, 248, 384;
greater emancipation, 384
RUSSIA: western idea introduced
by Peter, 15, 70; 18th century, 162
SPAIN: in early times, 8, 5; under
the Goths, 57
SWEDEN: laws of Erik, 16, 102
SWITZERLAND: marriage and di-
vorce laws (1874), 13, 570
Wonderful Parliament, The, the name
applied to the English Parliament
of 1388, ix, 181
Wood (early 18th century), an Eng-
lish explorer: explorations of, 21, 34
Wood, Charles, Viscount Halifax,
(1800-1885), an English statesman:
president of the board of control, 5,
225; his estimate of the Circassians,
15, 331
Wood, Leonard (i860 ), an Amer-
ican soldier: in Santiago campaign,
24, 1029; his administration in
Cuba, 20, 329, 22, 464; transfers
government of Cuba to Cuban au-
thorities, 24, 1046; made military
commander of Sulu, 20, 318
Wooden Nutmeg State, The: see Con-
necticut
Woodford, Stewart Lyndon (1835-
), an American diplomat: leaves
Madrid, 22, 458, 24, 1025
Woodruff, Wilford, a contemporary
Mormon leader in the United
States: issues manifesto respecting
Mormon polygamy, 24, 984
Wood's Half-pence, copper coins
made by Wood in Ireland: account
of, 11, 477, 12, 172
Woodville (Wydeville), Anthony: see
Rivers, Earl of
Woodville, Elizabeth (d. 1488), wife
of Edward IV of England: marries
Edward IV, 11, 215
Wool, John Ellis (1789-1869), an
American general: colonel in War
of 1812, 23, 421; in the Mexican
War, 22, 289, 294, 24, 548, 549
Woolman, John (1720-1772), an Amer-
ican Quaker preacher and philan-
thropist: arouses Quakers against
slavery, 23, 130
Worcester, England: battle of (1651),
11, 364, 12, 343
Worcester, Marquis of: see Somerset,
Edward
Worcester, Dean Conant (1866 ),
an American scientist: member of
the Philippine commission, 24, 1042
Worcester, Thomas Percy, Earl of:
see Percy, Thomas, Earl of Wor-
cester
Worden, John Lorimer (1818-1897), an
American naval commander: com-
mands the " Monitor," 24, 756
Wordsworth, William (1770-1850), an
English poet: sketch of, 11, 577
World, The Light of the: see Sigis-
mund, Holy Roman Emperor
World's Columbian Exposition: see
Columbian Exposition, World's
Worms, Germany: a member of the
Union of Rhenish Cities, 18, 174;
battle of (1388), 197; Jews expelled
from, 1, 423; taken by the French
(1792), 18, 356
Worms, Concordat of, the agreement
settling the dispute between the
Emperor and the Pope about the
right of investiture of the bishops
(1122), 18, 141
Worms, Diets of: (1495), 18, 226;
(1521), 13, 55, 18, 240, 241
Worms, Treaty of, a treaty concluded
by Maria Theresa of Austria with
England and Sardinia (1743), 9, 238
Worth, Alsace: battle of (1870), 9,
464, 18, 421
Worth, William Jenkins (1794-1849),
an American general: at the siege
of Mexico, 22, 363
Wrangel (18th century), a Swedish
general: defeated at Wilmanstrand,
15, 131
GENERAL INDEX
775
Wrangel, Count Friedrich Heinrich
Ernst (1784-1877), a Prussian sol-
dier: in the Slesvig-Holstein con-
troversy, 16, 270
Wrangel, Herman (1587-1635), a
Swedish general: in the war with
the Dutch, 13, 232
Wrangel, Count Karl Gustaf (1613-
1676), a Swedish soldier: in the
Thirty Years' War, 16, 188, 18, 292
Wrangell, Baron Ferdinand Petrovich
von (1796-1870), a Russian vice-ad-
miral and explorer: explorations of,
16, 317
Wreckers, a Protestant secret society
in Ireland, 12, 196
Wrede, Prince Karl Philipp (1767-
1838), a Bavarian soldier: at the
battle of Hanau, 18, 385
Wren (18th century), an English cap-
tain: restores the English in St.
Christopher, 20, 76
Wren, Sir Christopher (1632-1723), an
English architect: rebuilds St.
Paul's, 11, 419
Wright, Silas (1795-1847), an Amer-
ican politician: defeated for govern-
orship of New York, 24, 555
Writing:
AMERICA: Indian pictures, 23, 12
ASSYRIA: a Sumerian invention,
I, 105
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: among the
early Slavs, 17, 26
CHINA: designed by Fuhsi, 6, 5, 19
EGYPT: cuneiform on tablets of
clay, 1, 24; the demotic form, 31;
system of survivals, 56
FRANCE: Greek alphabet intro-
duced, 9, 4
GERMANY: improved under Char-
lemagne, 18, 86
GREECE: in earliest times, 2, 22;
alphabet introduced by the Phoeni-
cians, 27; Cretan script, 27; Cypriot
syllabary, 27, 56
HITTITES: hieroglyphic form, I,
143- 151
INDIA: two systems (250 B. C), 5,
47
IRELAND: early manuscripts, 12,
6
JAPAN: from the Chinese, 7, 16,
18; reform in syllabaries, 42
MEXICO: Aztec pictures, 22, 15,
75, 88, 23, 7
PHOENICIA: introduction of the
alphabet, 1, 120, 2, 27
RUSSIA: reforms of Peter, 15, 86
SCANDINAVIA: runic characters,
16, 9
SWITZERLAND: cultivated as an
art at St. Gall, 13, 343
Wu, Empress of China, 684-710: reign
of, 6, 15
Wu Sankwei (d. 1678), a Chinese gen-
eral: account of, 6, 49; in command
at Ningyuan, 51; avenges his slave
girl, 52; defeats the rebel Li, 53;
pursues Kwei Wang into Burma,
58; resists summons to Peking, 63;
death of, 65
Wu Ting Fang, a contempory Chinese
statesman: minister to United
States, 6, 284
Wuilleret (19th century), a Swiss agi-
tator: leads riot, 13, 563
Wulfhere (d. 675), King of Mercia:
leads revolt of Mercians, 11, 36
Wulfila: see Ulfilas
Wulfoald (7th century), an early
French courtier: made mayor of the
palace, 9, 34
Wulfstan (9th century), a Scandina-
vian voyager: his conversations
with Alfred, 16, 7, 40; voyages of,
299
Wurmser, Dagobert Siegmund, Count
of (1724-1797), an Austrian soldier:
his campaigns against the French,
9, 287, 299, 17, 282
Wurtemberg, a state of the German
Empire: peasant war in, 18, 243;
becomes a member of the League,
250; erected into a kingdom, 10, 466
Wurzburg, Bavaria: taken by Tilly
(1631), 18, 281; battle of (1796), 9,
300
Wyatt, Sir Thomas (1 520-1 554), an
English soldier: rebellion of, II, 270
Wych, Sir Cyril (18th century), an
English diplomat: at the Russian
court, 15, 138
Wycliffe (Wickliffe or Wiclif), John
776
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
(ca. 1324-1384), an English religious
reformer, called The Morning Star
of the Reformation: born at Spres-
wel (now Hipswell) near Richmond,
Yorkshire, England, about 1324; was
educated at Baliol College, Oxford;
began to write against the mendi-
cant monks in 1360; became master
or warden of Balliol College, Ox-
ford, 1361, and rector of Fylingham,
in Lincolnshire, 1361; in 136s ap-
pointed master of Canterbury Hall,
from which he was ejected in 1366;
exchanged the rectory of Fyling-
ham for that of Ludgershall in
1368; took his degree of D.D. in
1372; appointed chaplain to Edward
III; about this time he began to
censure openly the doctrines and
corruptions of the Roman Church
and to advocate religious liberty;
Wycliffe was a member of a lega-
tion sent by Edward III to Pope
Gregory XI in 1374; soon after his
return to England he denounced the
Pope as " Antichrist, the proud
worldly priest of Rome"; was pros-
ecuted for heresy before the Bishop
of London, 1377, but was protected
by his friend John of Gaunt, Duke
of Lancaster, whose favor he had
gained; was accused of heresy by
Pope Gregory VI and May, 1377, he
appeared before a synod assembled
at Lambeth; was saved from active
persecution by the intervention in
his behalf of the Princess of Wales;
was allowed to depart with an ad-
monition to refrain from preaching
the obnoxious doctrines; was sup-
ported by the chancellor and many
of the officers of Oxford Univer-
sity; he sent out many disciples who
under the name of poor priests
preached his doctrines in all parts
of the Kingdom, and further he pre-
pared, with the assistance of his
pupils, a version of the entire Bible
into English (1382); he opposed
episcopacy, or at least did not con-
sider the episcopal order essential to
the legitimate constitution of the
Church; died at Lutterworth, De-
cember 31, 1384
Belief and teaching of, 11, 171;
summoned before an ecclesiastical
court, 172; translates the Bible into
English, 173, 188; his teachings, 173;
his influence in Germany, 18, 202;
last years of, 11,' 175
Wykeham, William of (1324-1404),
Bishop of Winchester: founds first
great public school in England, 11,
170; member of the Council, 172
Wyndham, George (1863 ), an
Irish statesman: introduces a bill
creating a commission to buy Irish
estates, 12, 242
Wynecken (19th century), a German
general: in the Slesvig-Holstein
War, 16, 271
Wyntoun (Winton), Andrew (early
15th century), a Scottish chronicler:
sketch of, 12, 290
Wyoming, a state of the United
States: affected by Missouri Com-
promise, 23, 456; Northwest Terri-
tory includes part of, 24, 631; ad-
mitted to the Union, 986; Presiden-
tial elections of 1892, 993; 1900, 1040
Wyoming Valley, Pennsylvania, Uni-
ted States: massacre of (1778), 23,
296; quarrel between Pennsylvania
and Connecticut over, 312
Wyse (18th century), an Irish Cath-
olic leader: assumes leadership of
Catholic movement, 12, 173
Wyss, Johann Rudolf (1781-1830), a
Swiss author: sketch of, 13, 530
Wysshart: see Wishart
Wythe, George (1726-1806), an Amer-
ican statesman and jurist: elevates
the legal profession, 23, 138; pre-
ceptor to Jefferson, 383
X
"X. Y. Z. Dispatches," dispatches
from French agents who tried to
bribe the American embassy (1797):
in French imbroglio, 23, 374
Xaltocan, Mexico: taken by Cortez,
22, 46
Xamarillo, Juan (16th century), a
Spanish adventurer: marries Mar-
iana, 22, 432
Xanten, Treaty of, a treaty between
the Elector of Brandenburg and the
Duke of Neuburg (1614), 13, 191
Xanthippus (3rd century B. C), a
Lacedaemonian soldier: joins Car-
thaginian army, 3, 102
Xanthippus (5th century B. C.) an
Athenian soldier: accuses Miltiades,
2, 171; commander at Mycale, 212
Xativa, Spain: battle of (1347), 8, 252
* Xavier, Saint Francis: see Francis
Xavier, Saint
Xenil, a river in Spain: battle of the,
8, 37
Xenophon (ca. 430-357 B. C), a Greek
historian and soldier: his expedition
with the " Ten Thousand," 1, 167,
2, 389
Xeres de la Frontera, a city in Spain:
battle of, 1, 312, 8, 49
Xerifs, founders of a Mohammedan
sect: rise of, 8, 333
Xerxes, King of Persia, 485-465 B.
C. : born about 519 B. C; succeeded
to the throne on the death of his
father in 485 B. C. and began to
raise an army for the invasion of
Greece; several years were ex-
pended in cutting a canal through
the isthmus of Mount Athos and in
building a bridge of boats or ships
across the Hellespont, over which
Xerxes and his army passed in the
spring of 480 B. C; marched
through Thrace and Thessaly; the
Greeks attempted to defend the
pass of Thermopylae but the Per-
sians captured Athens; an indecisive
naval action was fought by the two
fleets at Artemisium, where the Per-
sian fleet was much damaged by a
storm; Xerxes mustered a fleet of
twelve hundred vessels which in the
autumn of 480 B. C. was defeated at
the decisive battle of Salamis;
Xerxes in a lofty position on the ad-
jacent shore, witnessed this disas-
trous defeat of his vainglorious
project; he retreated hastily by land
to the Hellespont, and crossed over
to Asia, leaving an army under
Mardonius, who was defeated at
Plataea in 479 B. C; Xerxes was
murdered in 465 B. C. by Artabanus,
an officer of his court
Comes to the throne, 2, 172; his
character, 177; reign of, 1, 166;
crushes Egyptian rebellion, 32; in-
vades Greece, 2, 181; returns to
Asia, 206; assassinated, 231
Xerxes II, King of Persia, 424 B. C:
reign of, I, 167
Xicotencatl (early 16th century), a
Mexican soldier: at the siege of
Mexico, 22, 52
Ximines de Quesada, Gonsalo: see
Quesada, Gonzales Ximines de
Xisuthros (Xisuthrus), a mythical
King of Babylonia: reign of, 1, 73
Xochimilco, Mexico: battle of (1521),
22, 48
Xuares, Catalina (early 16th century),
a Cuban woman: her relations with
Cortez, 22, 8
Xuares, Lorenzo, Conde de la Coruna
(d. 1582), Viceroy of Mexico: ad-
ministration of, 22, 131
Xucar, a river in Spain: battle of the,
8, 21
777
Yacoub (late 14th century), an Otto-
man soldier: account of, 14, 36
Yacub ben Yussef, surnamed Alman-
sor (d. 1 199), a Mohammedan ruler:
reign of, 8, 99
Yagushinski, Paul (18th century),
Russian diplomat: estimate of, 15,
89; appointed procurer-general of
the senate, 107; supports Anne, 105
Yahia Alkadia (nth century), King of
Toledo: reign of, 8, 87
Yahia ben Anasir (13th century), a
Moorish prince: attempts to usurp
Moorish throne, 8, 102
Yahia ben Edris (10th century), sov-
ereign of Fez: besieged by Obei-
dala, 8, 76; made caliph of Cordova,
82
Yahia ben Tafut (16th century), a
Portuguese soldier: his campaigns
against the Xerifs, 8, 334; death of,
335
Yahya: see Yahia
Yajnavalkya, Code of, collection of
laws of the Brahmans: account of,
5, 49
Yajur-Veda, Hindu sacred literature:
rise of, 5, 42
Yakoob Khan (1849 ), Ameer of
Afghanistan: reign of, 5, 257, 6, 217
Yakshibey (14th century), Turkish
soldier: lieutenant of Ali Pasha, 14,
34
Yakub (19th century), ruler of east-
ern Turkestan: seeks recognition
from Indian government, 5, 249
Yakubovo, Russia: battle of (1812),
15, 250
Yale, Elihu (1648-1721), an English
official in India: governor of Mad-
ras, 5, 166; makes bequests to Yale
College, 23, 140
Yale University, an institution of
learning at New Haven, Connecti-
cut: founded, 23, 140
Yalu River, Korea: battles of (1894),
6, 268, 7, 266; (1904), 7, 309
Yamada Nagamasa (or Nizayemon),
Japanese military adventurer: ca-
reer of, 7, 136
Yamagata Aritomo, Count (1840 ),
a Japanese statesman: attempts to
crush rebellion of Saigo, 7, 179; be-
comes minister president, 190; made
premier, 221; in Chino-Japanese
War, 6, 268, 7, 267
Yamagata-Lobanov Protocol, agree-
ment between Russia and Japan
concerning Korea (1896), 7, 296
Yamaji, Baron Motoharu (ca. 1840-
), a Japanese soldier: his cam-
paign in Chino-Japanese War, 7,
268
Yamana Mochitoyo (15th century),
Japanese soldier: crushes revolt of
Akamatsu Mitsusuke, 7, 96
Yamana Sozen (15th century), Japan-
ese noble and statesman: rebellion
of, 7, 97
Yamana Ujikiyo (14th century), Jap-
anese noble and soldier: rebellion
of, 7, 94
Yamanouchi Soyonobu, Lord of Tosa
(19th century), Japanese statesman:
attempts to restore tranquillity to
Japan, 7, 161
Yamassees (Yamasi), a tribe of North
American Indians: attack on colo-
nists, 33, 77; expense of war with,
78
Yamato-dake, Prince (1st century B.
C.) Japanese soldier: his campaign
against the Kumaso, 7, 9; his cam-
paign against the Emishi, 10; death,
10
Yamazaki, Japan: battle of, 7, 112
778
GENERAL INDEX
779
Yamburg, Russia: occupied by the
Russians, 15, 44
Yanagiwara Sakimitsu (19th century),
Japanese statesman: warns the
Shimazu against joining rebellions,
7, 180; sent as ambassador to
China, 192
Yanagizawa Yoshiyasu (17th century),
Japanese courtier: rise of, 7, 142
Yancey, William Lowndes (1814-
1863), an American politician and
lawyer: denounces Northern Demo-
crats, 24, 679
Yandabu, Treaty of, a treaty between
the King of Ava and the English
(1826), 5, 212
Yarlez (early 19th century), Venezue-
lan insurgent: defeated by Bolivar,
M, 63
Yafiez, Colonel (d. 1862), Bolivian in-
surgent: leads insurrection in La
Paz, 31, 188; death of, 189
Yangchow, China: taken by the Man-
chus, 6, 55; riot at, 221
Yangti (Yang-Tee), Emperor of
China, 605-617 A. D.: constructs ca-
nals, 6, 14
Yang-tse Agreement, The: see Anglo-
German Agreement
Yang-tsu-ling, Manchuria: captured
by the Japanese (1904), 7, 310
Yao, Emperor of Japan, ca. 2300 B.
C. : reign of, 6, 5
Yaroslav (Yaroslaff), a government of
Russia: annexed to Moscow, 15, 12
Yaroslav the Great (d. 1054), Grand
Prince of Russia, 1016-1054: reign
of, IS, 8
Yates, Richard (1818-1873), an Ameri-
can politician: war governor of Illi-
nois, 24, 818
Yatung, China: opened for trade, 6,
316
Ya'ubidi: see Ilubidi
Yavorski, Stephen (early 18th cen-
tury), Russian ecclesiastic: career
of, 15,73
Yazoo River, Mississippi: Sherman as-
cends the, 24, 776
Yeamans, Sir John (ca. 1605-1676), an
English colonial governor: leads
company of settlers from Barba-
dos, 23, 73; brings slaves to South
Carolina, 75
Yeardley, Sir George (ca. 1580-1627),
an English colonial governor: gov-
ernor of Virginia, 23, 63
Yegen Mohammed Pasha (early 18th
century), Grand Vizier of Turkey:
account of, 14, 311
Yegros, Fulgencio (early 19th cen-
tury), South American statesman:
made president of Paraguay, 21,
147; death of, 153
Yeh (middle of 19th century), Chinese
official: governor of Canton, 6, 146;
refuses to receive Parkes, 157; exile
and death of, 163
"Yellow Book of Lecan," book of
Irish learning: mention of, 12, 7
Yellow Fever Epidemic: in southern
United States in 1878, 24, 923
Yellow Ford (Bellanaboy), Ireland:
battle of (1598), 12, 96
Yellow Sea (Hwang-hai), an arm of
the Pacific Ocean, between China
and Korea: battle of, 7, 309
Yellow Tavern, Virginia: battle of
(1864), 24, 788
Yelverton, Barry (late 18th century),
Irish statesman: proposes repeal of
Poynings' Act, 12, 186; opposes the
Rotunda Bill, 192
Yeni Tscheri: see Janissaries
Yenta (16th century), Mongol leader:
submits to China, 6, 36
Yerger, Judge (middle of 19th cen-
tury), American jurist: quoted on
slave labor, 24, 588
Yermak (Iermak) (d. 1583), a Cos-
sack chief: conquers Siberia, 15, 18
Yermo, Gabriel (early 19th century),
Mexican proprietor of Spanish
birth: leads France partisans in
Mexico, 22, 231
Yermolov, General (early 19th cen-
tury), Russian soldier: at the Bere-
sina, 15, 253; sent to Piedmont, 266
Yermuk, Asia Minor: battle of, 1, 281
Yezdigerd (Yesdigerd) III, King of
Persia, ca. 632-651 A. D.: reign of, 1,
259, 5, 321; defeated by Arabs, 1, 263
780
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Yezid (7th century A. D.), Mohamme-
dan caliph: accession of, 1, 248; at
the siege of Constantinople, 327
Yguain, General (early 19th cen-
tury), Peruvian military comman-
der: aids Castilla, 21, 199
Yin (Shang) Dynasty, Chinese royal
house: reign of, 6, 7
Ying Kai (16th century), Chinese sol-
dier: commands army against Ja-
pan, 7, 120
Ying-kau, Manchuria: captured by the
Japanese, 7, 272
Ylo Pacocha, South America: occu-
pied by the Chilians (1880), 21, 236
Ynglingar, ancient kings of Sweden
and Norway: founder of, 16, 35;
kings and heroes of, 51
Yoglan Beg (14th century), Turkish
commander: defends Nicopolis, 14,
40
Yokoi Heishiro (late 19th century),
Japanese statesman: assassination
of, 7, 177
Yoland of Hungaria (13th century),
wife of Jayme I of Aragon: marriage
of, 8, 243
Yorck, Count Hans David Ludwig
(1759-1830), a Prussian general: his
campaign against Napoleon, 9, 346
York, the former name of Toronto,
Canada: taken by the Americans,
20, 154
York, Maine: attacked by French and
Indians, 23, 159
York, Pennsylvania: meetings of con-
gress at, 23, 262
York, Archbishop of: see NevilL
George
York, Frederick Augustus, Duke of
(1763-1827), the second son of
George III: at siege of Dunkirk, 9,
286; his campaign against France,
11, 541, 13, 264; disembarks in Hol-
land with an Anglo-Russian army,
10, 403; his campaign in the Neth-
erlands, 18, 363; commands the
Prussian contingent, 381; his treaty
with Diebitsch, 15, 256
York, James, Duke of: see James II,
King of England
York, Richard, Duke of (1411-1460),
an English statesman: succeeds
Bedford in France, 11, 205; sent to
Ireland, 207; returns to England,
210; admitted to the Council, 210;
first protectorate of, 210; wins bat-
tle of St. Alban's, 211; marries
Cicely Nevill, 211; second protecto-
rate of, 211; claims the throne, 212;
receives aid from Ireland, 224;
death of, 212
York, Richard, Duke of (1474-1483),
the second son of Edward IV: in
the power of Gloucester, 11, 220;
murdered, 221
York, Roland (16th century), English
soldier: treachery of, 13, 152
Yorke, Charles, Lord Morden (1722-
1770), an English jurist: accepts the
Chancellorship, 11, 512
Yorkinos, The, Mexican political so-
ciety: sketch of, 22, 265
Yorktown, Virginia: Cornwallis sur-
renders (1781), 9, 256, 12, 186, 20,
128, 23, 285; in Bull Run campaign,
24, 734; McClellan's siege of (1862),
758; centennial of Cornwallis's sur-
render celebrated, 940
Yoruba, African district: made a Brit-
ish protectorate, 19, 159
Yoshiaki, Prince (early 19th century),
Japanese noble: made gijo, 7, 167;
sent to crush rebellion of Eto Shim-
pei, 177
Yoshino, Japan: battle of, 7, 85
Youkinna (7th century), Greek sol-
dier: becomes a proselyte to the
Mohammedan faith, 1, 285
Young, Brigham (1801-1877), Ameri-
can religious leader: succeeds Smith
in Mormon church, 24, 982
Young, Samuel Baldwin Marks (1840-
), American soldier: in Santiago
campaign, 24, 1029
Young Czechs, the radical party of
Slavs in Bohemia: work of, 17, 428
Young Ireland Movement, The, an
Irish patriotic association: account
of, 12, 228
Young Ireland Party, Irish patriotic
association: founded, 12, 226
Younghusband, Sir Francis Edward
(1863 ), British military com-
GENERAL INDEX
781
mander: in charge of the Tibetan
mission, 5, 297; in India, 6, 316
Yozei (9th century A. D.), Emperor
of Japan: reign of, 7, 46
Ypres, France: sieges of (1789), 13,
261; (1794), 9, 290
Ypsilanti (Ipysilante), Alexander
(1792-1828), Greek patriot: rebellion
of, 2, 541, 542, 14, 416, 15, 266, 17,
324; defeat of, 2, 543
Yrujo (late 18th and early 19th cen-
turies), Spanish minister to the
United States: Burr's correspond-
ence with, 23, 404
Yser, river in Belgium: battle of the
(1793), 9, 286
Yii (20th century B. C.) Chinese Em-
peror: founds Hsia Dynasty, 6, 6
Yii Hsien (d. 1900), Chinese states-
man: governor of Shansi, 6, 282;
sentence of, 285; appointed gov-
ernor of Shantung, 297; massacres
missionaries, 304; beheaded, 305
Yuan (d. 1900), Chinese statesman:
beheaded, 6, 282
Yuan Ch'ang (d. 1900), Chinese states-
man: in Boxer movement, 6, 302
Yuan Shih-kai (late 19th and early
20th centuries), Chinese statesman:
minister to Korea, 7, 256; betrays
order to behead Yunglu, 6, 293; de-
graded, 297; appointed governor of
Shantung province, 298
Yuan-ming-yuan, China: occupied by
Prince Kung, 6, 182; described, 183;
burned, 185
Yucatan, Central America: discovered,
22, 4; revolt in (1848), 378; history
of, 423
Yuino Shosetsu (17th century), Japa-
nese soldier: attempts to revolt, 7,
140
Yukon, Province of, division of the
Dominion of Canada: organized,
20, 170
Yule, Sir Henry (1820-1889), British
geographer: mentioned, 6, 18
Yuman Indians: found in Mexico, 23,
6
Yung Ch'ing Hsien, China: mission-
aries murdered at, 6, 300
Yungcheng (early 18th century), Em-
peror of China: accession of, 6, 72;
his edict against Roman Catholics,
73; deports missionaries, 78; ad-
dresses the Jesuits, 80; disasters in
reign of, 82; death of, 82
Yunglo (Yen) (early 15th century),
Emperor of China: forces abdica-
tion of Chieniven, 6, 30; reign of,
30; his Encyclopaedia, 31
Yunglu (late 19th century), Chinese
military commander: generalissimo
of Peking forces, 6, 278; in siege
of legations, 282; opposes reforms,
290; plot to behead, 293; in Boxer
movement, 302; made plenipoten-
tiary, 303
Yunnan, Province of, district of
China: account of opium crop, 6,
128, 278
Yuriev: see Dorpat
Yu-shu-lin-tsu, Manchuria: captured
by the Japanese, 7, 310
Yussef (I) Abul Hegiag ben Ismail,
King of Granada, 1333-1354: reign
of, 8, 113
Yussef (II) Abu Abdalla ben Mo-
hammed, King of Granada, 1391-
1408: reign of, 8, 117
Yussef (III) ben Mohammed, King
of Granada, 1408-1423: reign of, 8,
117
Yussef Abu Yacub (12th century),
sovereign of Mohammedan Spain:
campaigns of, in Andalusia, 8, 98;
reign of, 98, 101; invasion of Por-
tugal, 277
Yussef ben Taxfin (nth century),
Moorish soldier: his campaigns in
Spain, 8, 88
Yussef ben Zeragh (15th century),
Moorish statesman, Hagib of Gran-
ada: wisdom of, 8, 118
Yussuf (8th century A. D.), Moorish
statesman and general: refuses to
acknowledge Abderahman as caliph,
8, 67; leads rebellion, 69
Yussuf ben Amru (9th century A. D.),
Persian official: tyranny of, in To-
ledo, 8, 73
Yussuf (Yussef) Pasha (19th cen-
tury), Turkish military commander:
treachery of, 14, 427
782 THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Yusuf (Yussuf) (late 18th century), Yusuf (Yussef) Pasha (early 18th cen-
Grand Vizier of Turkey: jealousy tury), Turkish statesman: made
of, towards Gazi Hassan, 14, 350 vizier, 15, 61
Yusuf (Yussuf) ben Leis (d. 878 A. Yvri (Ivry-la-Bataille), a village in
D.), Persian conqueror: founds Saf- the department of Eure, France:
farid dynasty, 5, 327 battle of (1590), 13, 156
z
Zab, Asia Minor: battle of the, I, 340
Zacarias de Goes e Vasconcellos
(middle 19th century), Brazilian
statesman: first and second minis-
tries of, 31, 176; third ministry of,
176
Zachariah (8th century B. C.) King
of Israel: reign of, 1, 393
Zacharias, Pope, 741-752 A. D.: re-
proves Rachis, 4, 172; at war with
the Lombards, 9, 40; his relations
with Pippin the Short, 18, 76
Zacynthus, island off the coast of
Greece: ravaged by Corinthians, 2,
283; allied to Athens, 300; ravaged
by Iphicrates, 431
Zafar Khan (14th century A. D.),
Afghan general: becomes sovereign
of the Deccan, 5, 105
Zajaczek, Joseph (late 18th century),
Polish general: commands Polish
forces, 15, 191; appointed viceroy of
Poland, 264
Zaku Sadik (late 18th century), Shah
of Persia: reign of, 5, 355
Zalaca, Spain: battle of, 8, 88
Zaldo, Carlos de (late 19th and early
20th centuries), Cuban statesman:
chosen Secretary of State, 22, 468
Zama, Africa: tattle of (202 B. C),
3, 130
Zama (8th century A. D.), Arabian
soldier: death of, 1, 335
Zamojski, Prince Andrew (19th cen-
tury), Russian reformer: sketch of,
15, 325
Zamora, Spain: battle of, 8, 134
Zanardelli, Giuseppi, Italian jurist,
Premier of Italy, 1900-1903: minis-
try of, 4, 405
Zannekin, Nicholas (nth century),
Flemish soldier: at the battle of
Cassel, 13, 32
Zante (Zacynthus), island off the
coast of Greece: in modern Greece,
2, 549
Zanyon, Peace of, treaty between the
Spanish government and the Cuban
insurgents (1878), 20, 328
Zanzan, Persia: siege of (1848), 5,
362
Zanzibar, Africa: conditions in, 19,
206; secured by the Portuguese, 30,
46
Zanzibar Protectorate: description of,
20, 262
Zapolski, John Sigismund: see Szapol-
yai, John Sigismund
Zapolya, John: see John (I) Szapolya,
King of Hungary
Zapotecs, tribe of Mexican Indians:
account of, 23, 6
Zara, sea-port of Dalmatia: taken by
the Venetians, 17, 54
Zaragoza, General (middle of 19th
century), Mexican soldier: in the
Reform War, 22, 383; at the battle
of Puebla, 384
Zarephathites : see Philistines
Zassulitch (early 20th century), Rus-
sian general: his services in the
Russo-Japanese War, 7, 309
Zavadovski, Count Peter Vassilivitch
(1738-1812), Russian statesman: fa-
vorite of Catherine, 15, 174; labors
of, 195; his quarrel with Radistchev,
196
Zavala, Lorenzo de (early 19th cen-
tury), Mexican revolutionist: leads
rebellion, 22, 268
Zavisa of Falkenstein (ca. 13th cen-
tury), Polish nobleman: career of,
17, 79
Zayd Aben Kesadi (early 8th cen-
tury A. D.), Moorish general: be-
sieges Malaga, 8, 50
Zazan, Persia: battle of (521 B. C),
1, 95, 163
783
784
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Zbyriek (early 15th century), Arch-
bishop of Prague: his relations with
John Huss, 17, 120
Zealots, a Jewish political party: rise
of, 1, 410
Zehra, Spain: constructed, 1, 344
Zeid (7th century A. D.), Arabian
servant of Mohammed: accepts the
doctrines of Mohammed, 1, 218;
commands Mohammedan forces, 234
Zeid ben Cassim (9th century A. D.),
Arabian soldier: assassination of, 8,
74
Zeila, Africa: held by England, 19, 85
Zeinos, Francisco de (16th century),
Spanish statesman: member of gov-
erning audiencia, 22, 119
Zeitoun (Lysimachia), southeastern
Europe: surrendered to the Turks
(1424), 14, 60
Zeman, (19th century), Amir of Af-
ghanistan: reign of, 5, 216
Zemstvas, Russian provincial assem-
blies: created, 15, 324; Alexander's
attitude toward the, 346; their agi-
tation for more power, 356, 359
Zen Sect, religion introduced from
China into Japan: teachings of, 7,
80
Zend Dynasty, reigning family of
modern Persia: reign of, 5, 355
Zend-Avesta, religious book of Per-
sia: compiled, 5, 316
Zenger, Peter (18th century), Ameri-
can journalist: contends for freedom
of the press, 23, 190
Zeno, Emperor of the East, 474-491
A. D.: as Byzantine Emperor, 2,
532; gives Theodoric permission to
conquer Italy, 4, 155, 18, 45
Zeno, Carlo (14th century), Venetian
admiral: comes to the relief of Ven-
ice, 4, 241
Zenobia, a famous and ambitious
Queen of Palmyra: was a daughter
of Amroo, an Arab chief; was re-
nowned for her beauty, learning, and
martial and political abilities; was
mistress of the Greek, Latin, Syriac,
and Egyptian languages; her hus-
band, Odenathus, King of Palmyra,
died about 266 A. D. and she then
assumed the title of Queen of the
East; Aurelian conducted in person
an army against her and defeated
her forces in two battles near An-
tioch and Emesa; he then besieged
Palmyra, which she defended for a
long time with heroic courage but
it was taken in 272 or 273 and she
was carried to Rome fettered with
golden chains, and walked before
Aurelian's chariot on his triumphal
entry into Rome in 273; he gave
her a villa at Tibur, where she pass-
ed the rest of her life with her chil-
dren; died, 273 A. D.
Invades Egypt, 1, 35; captured by
Aurelian, 2, 525, 4, 111
Zenta, Hungary: battle of (1697), 13,
246, 14, 263, 17, 231, 18, 304
Zeriksee, Netherlands: battle of
(1303), 9, 87
Zerotin, Charles of (17th century),
Moravian religious leader: leads
Bohemian Brothers, 17, 198; re-
mains loyal after the defenestration
of Prague, 204; emigrates from Mo-
ravia, 210
Zeugites, member of the second low-
est class of Athenian society: ar-
chonship opened to, 2, 252
Zeus, Greek god: oracle of, at Do-
dona, 2, 8; in Greek theology, 39;
and Olympian Games, 42; Lycurgus
enjoins worship of, 63; temple of,
commenced by Peisistratus, 2, in;
temple of, finished by Hadrian, 2,
523
Zevin, Turkey: battle of (1877), 15,
335
Zeyad (8th century A. D.), Evali of
Barcelona: career of, 8, 219
Zhelabovski, A. J. (d. 1881), Russian
conspirator: execution of, 15, 339
Zhelnikov (d. 1881), Russian conspira-
tor: assassinates the tsar, 15, 339
Zhukovski, Vassili Andreivitch (1783-
1816), Russian poet: sketch of, 15,
243, 269
Zichy (late 19th century), Hungarian
artist: sketch of, 17, 416; in Dr.
Wekerle's ministry, 447
Ziegenbalg (early 18th century), Dan-
GENERAL INDEX
785
ish evangelist: missionary efforts
of, 5, I7li 16, 237
Ziegler, William (1843-1895), Ameri-
can capitalist: supports polar expe-
dition, 16, 328
Ziela, Asia Minor: founded, 3, 275;
battle of (48 B. C), 354
Zieten, Hans Joachim von (1699-
1786), Prussian general: campaigns
of, 18, 335, 337, 341
Ziklag, Judaea: under David's rule, I,
383
Zimisces, John I: see John (I)
Zimisces
Zimmermann, General (late 19th cen
tury), Russian soldier: his cam-
paign against Turkey, 15, 3^3
Zimri (d. 929 B. G), King of Israel:
usurps throne, I, 389
Zimrida (ca. 13th century B. C), King
of Sidon: besieges Tyre, I, 122
Zingg, Michael (late 17th century)
Swiss ecclesiastic and mathemati-
cian: persecution of, 13, 483
Zintgraff (late 19th century), African
explorer of German birth: his ex
pedition in Africa, 19, 178
Zinzendorf, Count (late 18th century),
Austrian statesman: aids Joseph II
in his commercial enterprises, 15,
143, 17, 269
Zip, Netherlands: battle of the (1799),
10, 403
Zisca or Ziska: see Zizka, John
Zizan, southwestern Asia: battle of
(1827), 5, 359
Zizka (Zisca, Ziska), John (ca. 1360-
1424), Hussite and Bohemian sol-
dier: instructs the Bohemians in the
art of war, 4, 256; becomes a leader
of the people, 17, 127; sketch of,
18, 206; death of, 17, 133
Zoan (Tanis or Raamses), Egypt: cap
ital of Egypt, 1, 21; built, 27
Zobeir (7th century A. D.), Arabian
chief: rebels against Ali Tahib, I
245; at the battle of Tripoli, 302
Zofingen, Association of, Swiss scien-
tific and patriotic association: work
of, 13, 530
Zoller, Matthias (ca. 15th century),
Swiss poet: sketch of, 13, 427
Zollverein: see Tariff Union, The
Zoltan (10th century A. D.), Magyar
chieftain: rule of, 17, 43
Zoraya (15th century), wife of Abul
Hassan, Moorish ruler: leads re-
bellion, 8, 121
Zorilla, Manuel Ruiz (1834 ),
Spanish politician: made minister of
commerce in provisional govern-
ment, 8, 510; prime minister under
Amadeus, 512
Zorich (late 18th century), Russian
courtier: favorite of Catherine, 15,
175
Zorndorf, a village in Brandenburg,
Prussia: battle of (1758), 9, 245, 15,
148, 18, 338
Zoser (ca. 30th century B. C), King
of Egypt: reign of, I, 15
Zoutman, Admiral (late 18th century),
Dutch naval officer: at battle of
Dogger Bank, 13, 258
Zringi (d. 1671), Hungarian conspira-
tor: leads conspiracy, 17, 229
Zrinyi (Zrinski or Zriny), Helen (17th
century), Hungarian popular her-
oine: heroism of, 17, 230
Zrinyi (Zriny, Zrinski), Nicholas
(1518-1566), Ban of Croatia: resists
Turkish invasion, 14, 175, 17, 219
Zrinyi, Nicholas (1616-1664), Ban of
Croatia: his campaign against the
Turks, 17, 228
Zschokke, Johann Heinrich Daniel
(1771-1848), German popular writer:
sketch of, 13, 531
Zubov, Count Plato (late 17th cen-
tury), Russian soldier: his cam-
paign against Persia, 5, 358; im-
plicated in the assassination of Paul,
15, 208
Zug, canton of Switzerland: a member
of the Swiss republic, 18, 196; up-
risings in, 13, 501; siege of (1847),
13, 552
Zuheir (7th century A. D.), governor
of Egypt: rule of, 1, 305
Zul-fikar Khan (d. ca. 1712), Indian
general: controls the Mogul em-
perors, 5, 125
Zuloaga, General (early 19th century),
Mexican military commander: re-
786
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
forms of, 22, 382; in the Reform
War, 383
Zumalacarregui (1788-1835), Spanish
soldier: successes of, 8, 497
Zumarraga, Juan de (early 15th cen-
tury), Archbishop of Mexico: sketch
of, 22, 75
Zuniga, Alvaro Enrique de, Marques
de Villa Manrique, Spanish states-
man, viceroy of Mexico, 1585-1589:
administration of, 22, 134
Zuniga, Dona Juana (born ca. 1510),
Spanish lady: marries Cortez, 22,
71
Zuniga Acebedo, Gaspar de, Count of
Monterey, Viceroy of New Spain,
1595-1603: his administration as
viceroy of Mexico, 22, 140; made
viceroy of Peru, 143
Zurawua, Peace of, treaty between
Poles and Turks (1676), 14, 246
Zurich, Switzerland: a member of the
Swiss confederation, 13, 376, 18,
196; sieges of (1351). 13, 376; (1352),
377; (1354), 378; (1444), 401; insur-
rection of (1489), 415; battles of
(June 4, 1799), 516; (September 26,
1799), 9, 3io, 10, 407; 13, 516, 18,
362; siege of (1802), 13, 518
Zurich, Compromise of, a union made
between the Calvinistic and Zwin-
glian churches (i549) *3, 450
Zurich, League of, Swiss confedera-
tion, 13, 385
Zurich, Peace of, treaty between Aus-
tria and France (1859), 4, 374, 17,
385
Zuriczee, Netherlands: siege of (1575),
13, 120
Zutphen, Netherlands: battle of
(1586), 13, 151
Zuyder Zee, bay indenting the coast
of Holland: battles of (1573), 13,
114; (1666), 11, 387
Zvonimir (Svinimir) (nth century A.
D.), King of Dalmatia: sketch of,
17, 38
Zwentebold (9th century A. D.), King
of Bohemia: his war vith Ludwig
the German, 18, 96; his war with
Arnulf, 97
Zwier, General (17th century), Swiss
soldier: at the battle of the Bridge
of Gislikon, 13, 473
Zwingli, Ulrich or Huldreich (1484-
I53 1 ), Swiss religious reformer:
sketch of, 18, 246; founds the Swiss
Reformation, 13, 433; death of, 444
WORLD CHRONOLOGY
WORLD CHRONOLOGY
B. C.
5867. Menes unites Upper and Lower Egypt
2300. Elamites invade Babylonia
2250. Code of Hamurabi, King of Babylonia, compiled
ca. 1921. Call of Abraham
ca.1706-1491. Sojourn of the Israelites in Egypt
ca.1095-1055. Saul, King of the Jews
ca. 1048. Jerusalem made capital of Judaea by David
ca.1048-1015. David, King of all Israel
ca.1015-975. Solomon, King of all Israel
ca. 1012. Temple of Jerusalem built by Solomon
975-721. Kingdom of Israel
971-587. Kingdom of Judah
743-668. Messenian Wars
594. Solon gives laws to Athens
586-519. Babylonish captivity of the Jews
546. Sardis taken by Cyrus
544. Poems of Theognis of Megara
538. Babylon taken by Cyrus
560-527. Peisistratus, Tyrant of Athens
515. Temple of Jerusalem restored
510. Hippias driven out of Athens
510. The Tarquinii driven out of Rome
490. Battle of Marathon
480. Battles of Thermopylae and Salamis
479. Battles of Plataea and Mycale
477. Greek Confederacy under Athens
472-388. Early Greek dramatic poets
444-429. Leadership of Pericles at Athens
431. Beginning of the Peloponnesian War
ca.431-411. Thucydides
415. Athenian expedition against Syracuse
413. Battle of Syracuse
ca.410-362. Xenophon
406-367. Dionysius I, Tyrant of Syracuse
405. Battle of Aegospotami
404. Government of the Thirty at Athens
403. Deliverance of Athens by Thrasybulus
399-394. Spartan campaigns in Asia Minor
396. Veii taken by Camillus
390. Battle of the Allia; Rome taken by the Gauls
394. Corinthian War
387. Peace of Antalcidas
382. Cadmeia of Thebes taken by the Spartans
379. The Spartans driven out of Thebes; leadership of Pelopidas
and Epaminondas
379. Olynthian confederacy suppressed by Sparta
371. Battle of Leuctra
369. The Arcadian League; foundation of Megalopolis
789
790 THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
B. C.
369. Restoration of Messene
367-356. Dionysius II, Tyrant of Syracuse
366. Lucius Sextius, first Plebeian Consul
362. Battle of Mantinea; death of Epaminondas
359. Philip, King of Macedonia
ca.356-322. Demosthenes
347. Olynthus taken by Philip
343. First Samnite War
340. Latin War
338. Battle of Chaeroneia
336. Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia
335. Thebes destroyed by Alexander
334. Battle of the Granicus
333. Battle of Issus
332. Foundation of Alexandria
331. Battle of Arbela
326. Second Samnite War
323. Death of Alexander
323. The Lamian War
322. Submission of Athens to Antipater
ca. 310-286. Agathocles, Tyrant of Syracuse
301. Battle of Ipsus
298-290. Third Samnite War
295. Pyrrhus, King of Epirus
294. Demetrius Poliarcetes
281. War between Pyrrhus and the Romans
280. Gaulish Invasion of Greece and Macedonia
280, Revival of the Achaean League
280. Beginning of Kingdom of Pergamus
279. Gaulish Settlement in Asia
275. Battle of Beneventum
272. Death of Pyrrhus at Argos
270-216. Hiero II, King of Syracuse
264-241. First Punic War
251. Sicyon joins the Achaean League
250. Rise of the Parthian Dynasty
247. Aratus, General of the Achaean League
236. Cleomenes, King of Sparta
229. War between Rome and Illyria
227. War between Sparta and the Achaean League
223. Corinth given up to Antigonus Doson
221. Battle of Sellasia
221. Death of Cleomenes
220-217. The Confederate War
218. Second Punic War
218-206. The Scipios in Spain
217. Battle of Lake Trasimene
216. Battle of Cannae
213-205. First Macedonian War
207. Battle of Metaurus
206-201. Publius Cornelius Scipio in Africa
202. Battle of Zama
200. Second Macedonian War
197. Battle of Cynoscephalae
191. Defeat of Antiochus the Great at Thermopylae
191. Roman Conquest of Cisalpine Gaul
191. Defeat of Antiochus at Magnesia
WORLD CHRONOLOGY 791
B. C.
189. Roman Conquest of ^Etolia
ca. 182-146. Polybius
171. Third Macedonian War
168. The Lycian League
168. Battle of Pydna
149. Third Punic War
149. Fourth Macedonian War
148. Macedonia becomes a Roman Province
146. Carthage taken by the Romans
146. War between Rome and Achaea; destruction of Corinth
133. Attalus bequeaths Pergamus to the Romans
133. Roman Conquest of Numantia
133. Tribunate of Tiberius Gracchus
125. First Roman Province in Transalpine Gaul
123. Tribunate of Caius Gracchus
III-106. Jugurthine War
109. Invasion of Gaul by Cimbri and Teutons
107. Caius Marius, Roman Consul
102. Defeat of the Teutons at Aquae Sextise
101. Defeat of the Cimbri at Vercellae
90. The Social War
88-82. Civil War between Marius and Sulla
88. First Mithridatic War
87. Battles of Chaeroneia and Orchomenus
82. Dictatorship of Sulla in Rome
74-64. Second Mithridatic War
64. Roman Conquest of Syria
63. Jerusalem taken by Pompeius
58-51. Conquests of Caesar in Gaul
55-54. Caesar's Invasions of Britain
54-53. Parthian Expedition and Death of Crassus
49. Civil War of Pompeius and Caesar in Rome
48. Defeat of Pompeius at Pharsalus
45. Perpetual Dictatorship of Caesar
44. Death of Caesar
43. Second Civil War in Rome
42. Battle of Philippi
32. War between Octavius and Antonius
31. Battle of Actium
27. Title of Augustus taken by Octavius
27. Beginning of the Roman Empire
1 1-9. Campaigns of Drusus and Tiberius in Germany
ca. 4. Jesus Christ born.
A. D.
9. Defeat of Varus by Arminius
13. Germanicus leads the Romans into Germany
14. Tiberius, Emperor of Rome
15-16. Campaigns of Germanicus
33. Crucifixion and Resurrection of Christ
37-41. Caligula, Emperor of Rome
41-54. Claudius, Emperor of Rome
42-66. St. Peter, first Bishop of Rome
43. Claudius in Britain
54-68. Nero, Emperor of Rome
66-78. St. Linus, Bishop of Rome
68-69. Galba, Otho, Vitellius, Emperors of Rome
69-70. Revolt of Civilis
792
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
A. D.
70-79. Vespasian, Emperor of Rome
70. Destruction of Jerusalem
78-91. St. Cletus, Pope of Rome
79-81. Domitian, Emperor of Rome
81-96. Titus, Emperor of Rome
84. Final Conquest of Britain by Agricola
86. Dacian War
91-100. St. Clement II, Pope of Rome
96-98. Nerva, Emperor of Rome
98-117. Trajan, Emperor of Rome
100-109. St. Evaristus, Pope of Rome
109-119. St. Alexander, Pope of Rome
1 17-138. Hadrian
1 19-127. St. Sixtus I, Pope of Rome
127-139. St. Telesphorus, Pope of Rome
138-161. Antoninus Pius
139-142. St. Hyginus, Pope of Rome
142-157. St. Pius, Pope of Rome
157-168. St. Anicetus, Pope of Rome
161-180. Marcus Aurelius, Emperor of Rome
168-177. St. Loterus, Pope of Rome
177-193. St. Eleutherius, Pope of Rome
180-193. Commodus, Emperor of Rome
193-211. Septimius Severus, Emperor of Rome
193-202. St. Victor I, Pope of Rome
202-219. St. Zephyrinus, Pope of Rome
211-217. Antoninus Caracalla, Emperor of Rome
219-222. St. Calixtus, Pope of Rome
222-235. Alexander Severus, Emperor of Rome
223-230. St. Urban I, Pope of Rome
226. Sassanid Dynasty in Persia
230-235. St. Pontianus, Pope of Rome
235-236. St. Anterus, Pope of Rome
236-250. St. Fabian, Pope of Rome
251. St. Cornelius, Pope of Rome
252. St. Lucius, Pope of Rome
253-260. Valerian, Emperor of Rome
253-257. St. Stephen I, Pope of Rome
257-258. St. Sixtus II, Pope of Rome
259-269. St. Dionysius, Pope of Rome
260-268. Gallienus, Emperor of Rome
261. Kingdom of Palmyra formed
268-270. Claudius II, Emperor of Rome
269-270. Defeats of the Goths by Claudius
269-275. St. Felix I, Pope of Rome
270-275. Aurelian, Emperor of Rome
273. Overthrow of the Kingdom of Palmyra
275-283. St. Eutychianus, Pope of Rome
283-296. St. Caius, Pope of Rome
284-305. Diocletian, Emperor of Rome
286-305. Maximian, joint Emperor of Rome with Diocletian
296-304. St. Marcellinus, Pope of Rome
308-310. St. Marcellus, Pope of Rome
311-314. St. Miltiades, Pope of Rome
314. Commencement of temporal power of the Popes
314-336. St. Silvester, Pope of Rome
323-337. Constantine the Great, sole Emperor of Rome
WORLD CHRONOLOGY
793
A. D.
324. Foundation of Constantinople
325. Council of Nicaea
336-337- St. Marcus, Pope of Rome
337-352. St. Julius I, Pope of Rome
350. Constantius becomes sole Emperor of Rome
352-355. Liberius, Pope of Rome
355-358. Felix II, Pope of Rome
356-360. Campaigns of Julian in Gaul
359-365. Liberius again Pope of Rome
360-363. Julian, Emperor of Rome
366-367. St. Damascus becomes Pope; opposes the Arians; St. Jerome,
his secretary, corrects Latin Bible
367-384. Ursinus, Pope of Rome
376. The Goths cross the Danube
376. Russia invaded by the Huns
378. Battle of Hadrianople
384-398. Siricius, Pope of Rome
393. Theodosius the Great becomes sole Emperor of Rome
395. Roman Empire divided
398-402. St. Anastasius, Pope of Rome
402. Alaric in Italy
402-417. St. Innocent I, Pope of Rome
403. Stilicho defeats Alaric
410. Rome taken by Alaric
410. The Roman Legions leave Britain
414. Beginning of the Gothic Kingdom in Spain and Gaul
417-418. St. Zozimus, Pope of Rome
418-422. St. Boniface I, Pope of Rome
422-432. St. Celestine I, Pope of Rome
429. Settlement of the Vandals in Africa
432-440. Sixtus III, Pope of Rome
440-461. St. Leo (I) the Great, Pope of Rome
445. Attila founds the city of Buda
449-547. Anglo-Saxon Conquest of Britain
451. Defeat of Attila at Chalons
457-461. Majorian, Emperor of the West
461-468. St. Hilary, Pope of Rome
468-483. St. Simplicus, Pope of Rome
476. Reunion of the Roman Empires under Zeno
476. Odoacer extinguishes the Roman Empire
483-492. St. Felix III, Pope of Rome
492-496. St. Gelasius, Pope of Rome; fixes canon of Scriptures
493-526. Reign of Theodoric in Italy
496-498. St. Anastasius II, Pope of Rome
498-514. Symmachus, Pope of Rome
514-523. Hounisdas, Pope of Rome
523-526. John I, Pope of Rome
526-530. Felix IV, Pope of Rome
527-565. Justinian, Emperor of the East
530-533. Boniface II, Pope of Rome
531-579- Chosroes (Khusru) or Anushirwan, King of Persia
533-535- John (II) Mercurius, Pope of Rome
534. Campaigns of Belisarius in Africa
535-536. Agapetus, Pope of Rome
536-554. Italy recovered by Belisarius and Narses
536-537. St. Silverius, Pope of Rome
537-555- Vigilius, Pope of Rome
794
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
A. D.
555-560. Pelagius I, Pope of Rome
560-573. John III, Pope of Rome
568. Lombard Settlements in Italy
569. Birth of Mohammed
574-578. Benedict (I) Bonosus, Pope of Rome
578-590. Pelagius II, Pope of Rome
582-602. Maurice, Emperor of the East
590-628. Chosroes (Khusru) Parviz, King of Persia
590-604. St. Gregory the Great, Pope of Rome
597-681. Conversion of the English
602-610. Phokas, Emperor of the East
604-606. Sabinianus, Pope of Rome
606. Boniface III, Pope of Rome
607-614. Boniface IV, Pope of Rome
609. Beginning of Mohammed's Mission
610-641. Heraclius, Emperor of the East
611-615. Campaigns of Chosroes
614-617. St. Deusdedit, Pope of Rome
617-625. Boniface V, Pope of Rome
623-628. Heraclius overthrows the Persian power
625-639. Honorius I, Pope of Rome
632. Death of Mohammed; Abu-Bekr Caliph
632-639. Saracen Conquest of Syria
632-651. Saracen Conquest of Persia
638. Saracen Conquest of Egypt
640. Library at Alexandria burned
640. Severinus, Pope of Rome
640-642. John IV, Pope of Rome
642-649. St. Theodorus I, Pope of Rome
647-709. Saracen Conquest of Africa
649-654. Martin I, Pope of Rome
654-657. Eugenius I, Pope of Rome
657-672. Vitalianus, Pope of Rome
672-676. Adeodatus, Pope of Rome
673. First Siege of Constantinople
676-678. Domnus I, Pope of Rome
678-682. St. Agathon, Pope of Rome
682-683. St. Leo II, Pope of Rome
684-685. Benedict II, Pope of Rome
685-686. John V, Pope of Rome
686-687. Conon, Pope of Rome
687-701. Sergius, Pope of Rome
698. Carthage taken by the Saracens
701-705. John VI, Pope of Rome
705-708. John VII, Pope of Rome
708. Sisinnius, Pope of Rome
708-715. Constantine, Pope of Rome
710-713. Saracen Conquest of Spain
711. Roderic, King of Spain
7 T S-73 T - St. Gregory II, Pope of Rome
716. Second Siege of Constantinople
718-741. Leo the Isaurian, Emperor of the East
728. Iconoclast Controversy in Italy
731-741. Gregory III, Pope of Rome
732. Battle of Tours; defeat of the Saracens by Charles Martel
741-752. St. Zacharias, Pope of Rome
741-775- Constantine Copronymus, Emperor of the East
WORLD CHRONOLOGY
795
A. D.
750. End of the Ommiad Dynasty at Damascus
752. Stephen II, Pope of Rome
752-768. Pepin the Short, King of France
752-757. Stephen II, Pope of Rome
753. Pepin, King of the Franks
755. Abd-al-rahman founds the Ommiad Dynasty in Spain
755. The Saracens driven out of Gaul
757-767. Paul I, Pope of Rome
767-768. Constantine Theophylactus
768-772. Stephen IV, Pope of Rome
768-814. Charles the Great (Charlemagne), King of France
772-795. Adrian I, Pope of Rome
774. Charles the Great overthrows the Lombard Kingdom
795-816. Leo III, Pope of Rome
800. Charles the Great, Emperor of the West
802-837. Ecgberht, King of West-Saxons
814-840. Louis (I) le Debonnaire, King of France
816-817. Stephen V, Pope of Rome
817-824. Pascal I, Pope of Rome
823. Saracen Conquest of Crete
824-827. Eugenius II, Pope of Rome
827. Valentinius, Pope of Rome
827-837. Egbert, King of England
827-844. Gregory IV, Pope of Rome
827-878. Saracen Conquest of Sicily
837-857. Ethelwolf, King of England
840-855. Lothaire I, King of France
840-877. Charles the Bald, King of France
843. Treaty of Verdun
844-847. Sergius II, Pope of Rome
847-855. Leo IV, Pope of Rome
855-858. Benedict III, Pope of Rome
855-875. Louis II, King of France
857. Ethelbald, King of England
858-867. Nicholas I, Pope of Rome
860-866. Ethelbert, King of England
862. Rurik the Norman arrives at Novgorod
867-872. Adrian II, Pope of Rome
867-1028. The Macedonian Emperors in the East
871-901. Alfred the Great, King of England
872-882. John VIII, Pope of Rome
875. Charles the Bald of France made Holy Roman Emperor
881-887. Arnulf, King of Germany
882-884. Martin II, Pope of Rome
884-885. Adrian III, Pope of Rome
885. Paris besieged by the Northmen
885-891. Stephen VI, Pope of Rome
887. Division of the Carolingian Empire
889. Turks or Magyars colonize Hungary
891-896. Formosus, Pope of Rome
894. The Danes ravage Mercia
896. Arnulf, King of Germany, crowned Emperor of Rome
896-897. Boniface VI, Pope of Rome
897. Stephen VII, Pope of Rome
897-898. Romanus, Pope of Rome
898. Theodorus II, Pope of Rome
898-900. John IX, Pope of Rome
796
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
A. D.
899. Louis (III) the Blind, Emperor of Germany
899-911. Louis (IV) the Child, King of Germany
900-903. Benedict IV, Pope of Rome
901-925. Edward the Elder, King of England
903. Leo V, Pope of Rome
903. Christopher, Pope of Rome
904-911. Sergius III, Pope of Rome
911-913. Anastasius III, Pope of Rome
911-918. Conrad I, King of Germany
913. Settlement of Rolf in Gaul
913-914. Landonius, Pope of Rome
914-928. John X, Pope of Rome
918-936. Henry (I) the Fowler, King of Germany
922-923. Robert, King of France
924. Edward the Elder, Lord of all Britain
925-940. Athelstan, King of England
928-929. Leo VI, Pope of Rome
929-931. Stephen VIII, Pope of Rome
931-936. John XI, Pope of Rome
936-939. Leo VII, Pope of Rome
936-973. Otho (I) the Great, King of Germany
939-942. Stephen IX, Pope of Rome
940-946. Edmund I, King of England
942-946. Martin III, Pope of Rome
946-955. Eadred, King of England
946-956. Agapetus II, Pope of Rome
955-958. Edgar the Peaceable, King of England
956-963. John XII, Pope of Rome
962. Otho I, King of Germany, crowned the Holy Roman Em-
peror
963-964. Leo VIII, Pope of Rome
964-965. Benedict V, Pope of Rome
965-972. John XIII, Pope of Rome
972. Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor
972-974. Benedict VI, Pope of Rome
974-975. Domnus II, Pope of Rome
975-979- Edward the Martyr, King of England
975-984. Benedict VII, Pope of Rome
977-995- Hakon Jarl, King of Norway
979-1013. Sweyn, King of England
983. Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor
984. John XIV, Pope of Rome
984. John XV, Pope of Rome
985-996. John XVI, Pope of Rome
986. Louis (V) the Indolent, King of France
987-996. Hugh Capet the Great, King of France
995-1000. Olaf (I) Trygvaeson, King of Norway
996-999. Gregory V, Pope of Rome
996-1031. Robert (II) the Sage, King of France
999-1003. Sylvester II, Pope of Rome
1000. Leif Ericson winters in Vinland
1001-1026. Mohammedan Invasion of India
1003. John XVII, Pope of Rome
1003-1009. John XVIII, Pope of Rome
1009-1012. Sergius IV, Pope of Rome
1012-1024. Benedict VIII, Pope of Rome
1013-1016. Danish Conquest of England
WORLD CHRONOLOGY
797
A. D.
1014-1035. Canute, King of England
1024-1033. John XIX, Pope of Rome
1024-1039. Conrad (II) the Salique, King of Germany
1027. Conrad (II), Holy Roman Emperor
1031. End of the Ommiad Dynasty in Spain
1031-1060. Henry I, King of France
1032. Union of Burgundy with the Empire
1033-1044. Benedict IX, Pope of Rome
1035. Rise of the Seljuk Turks
1035-1040. Harold I, King of England
1039-1056. Henry (III) the Black, King of Germany
1040-1042. Edward the Confessor, King of England
1042-1066. Harold II, King of England
1044. Sylvester III, Pope of Rome
1044-1046. Gregory VI, Pope of Rome
1046. Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor
1046-1047. Clement II, Pope of Rome
1047-1048. Benedict IX, Pope of Rome
1048. Damasus II, Pope of Rome
1048-1054. St. Leo IX, Pope of Rome
1055. Togrel Beg helps the Caliph Al Kayem against the Dilemites
1055-1057. Victor II, Pope of Rome
1056. Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
1057-1058. Stephen X, Pope of Rome
1058. Benedict IX, Pope of Rome
1058-1061. Nicholas II, Pope of Rome
1060-1090. Norman Conquest of Sicily
1060-1108. Philip (I) the Fair, King of France
1061-1073. Alexander II, Pope of Rome
1066. Battle of Senlac (Hastings); Norman Conquest of England
1066-1087. William the Conqueror, King of England
1071. Battle of Manzikert
1073. Revolt of the Saxons against Henry IV
I 073-io8o. St Gregory VII, Pope of Rome
1077. Henry IV at Canossa
1080-1085. Clement III, Pope of Rome
1084. Alfonso of Leon takes Toledo
1087. Dynasty of the Almoravides in Spain
1086-1088. Victor III, Pope of Rome
1087-1100. William (II) Rufus, King of England
1088-1099. Urban II, Pope of Rome
1092. Division of the Seljuk Empire
1095. Council of Clermont
1095. Portugal taken from the Saracens by Henry of Besangon
1096. The First Crusade
1099-1118. Pascal II, Pope of Rome
1099. Jerusalem taken by the Crusaders
1100-1135. Henry (I) Beauclerc, King of England
1106-1125. Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor
1108-1137. Louis (VI) the Lusty, King of France
1 1 18. Alfonso of Aragon takes Saragossa
1118-1119. Gelasius II, Pope of Rome
1118-1143. John Comnenus, Eastern Emperor
1119-1124. Calixtus II, Pope of Rome
1 122. The Concordat of Worms
1124-1130. Honorius II, Pope of Rome
1125-1138. Lothar of Saxony, Emperor
798
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
A.
1130-
"35-
1138-
"38-
"38-
"43-
"43-
"44-
"45-
1150-
"52-
"53-
"54-
"54-
"59-
i\77-
1180-
1181-
1185-
1187-
1189-
1190-
1191-
"94-
1198-
1198-
"99-
1213-
1215-
1216-
1216-
121 7-
D.
130. Norman Kingdom of Sicily
138. Innocent II, Pope of Rome
154. Stephen, King of England
180. Louis (VII) the Young, King of France
257. House of Hohenstaufen or Suabia rules in Germany
152. Conrad III, Holy Roman Emperor
143. Victor IV, Pope of Rome
180. Manuel Comenus, Eastern Emperor
144. Celestine II, Pope of Rome
145. Lucius II, Pope of Rome
153. Eugenius III, Pope of Rome
146. The Dynasty of the Almohades in Spain
147. The Second Crusade
177. Henry II, Duke of Austria
190. Frederick (I) Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor
154. Anastasius IV, Pope of Rome
189. Henry (II) Plantagenet, King of England
159. Adrian IV, Pope of Rome
156. Austria became a duchy
181. Alexander III, Pope of Rome
167. The Lombard League
171. English Conquest of Ireland
171. Saladin overthrows the Fatimite Dynasty
176. Manuel, Eastern Emperor, defeated by the Turks
194. Leopold V, Duke of Austria
223. Philip (II) Augustus, King of France
185. Lucius III, Pope of Rome
183. Peace of Constance
187. Urban III, Pope of Rome
187. Saladin takes Jerusalem
187. Gregory VIII, Pope of Rome
191. Clement III, Pope of Rome
199. Richad (I) Cceur de Lion, King of England
198. Henry (VI) Asper, King of Germany
198. Celestine III, Pope of Rome
194. Conquest of Sicily by Henry VI
198. Frederic (I) the Catholic, Duke of Austria
195. Battle of Alarcon
216. Innocent III, Pope of Rome
230. Leopold (VI) the Glorious, Duke of Austria
216. John, King of England
201. Alliance between the Crusaders and Venetians
203. First Latin Siege
204. Constantinople taken by Venetians and Crusaders
206. Invasion of the Mongols under Jenghiz Khan
208. Crusade against the Albigenses
212. Battle of Tolosa
276. James the Conqueror, King of Aragon
214. Battle of Bouvines
215. Magna Carta granted by John
246. Frederick 11, King of Germany
227. Honorius III, Pope of Rome
272. Henry III, King of England
252. Ferdinand III, King of Castile
222. Mongol Invasion of Persia
222. Andrew II signs the Golden Bull securing the liberty of Aus-
tria
WORLD CHRONOLOGY
799
A. D.
ca. 1223. Tartar conquests in Russia
1223-1226. Louis (VIII) Coeur de Lion, King of France
1226-1270. Louis IX (Saint Louis), King of France
1227-1241. Gregory IX, Pope of Rome
1228. Frederick II crowned King of Jerusalem
1229. The Country of Toulouse joined to France
1230. Ferdinand III permanently unites Castile and Leon
1230-1246. Frederic (II) the Warlike, Duke of Austria
1232. Gregory IX appoints inquisitors in Spain
1237. Kingdom of Granada founded
1240. Rise of the Ottoman Turks
1241. Battle of Liegnitz
1241. Celestine IV, Pope of Rome
1243-1254. Innocent IV, Pope of Rome
1246-1276. Interregnum in Austria
1248. First Crusade of St. Louis of France
1250-1256. Conrad IV, Holy Roman Emperor
1254-1261. Alexander IV, Pope of Rome
1256-1273. The Interregnum in Germany
1258. Manfred, King of Sicily
1258. End of the Bagdad Caliphate
1259-1282. Michael Palaeologus, Eastern Emperor
1261. Recovery of Constantinople from the Latins
1261-1265. Urban IV, Pope of Rome
1265. Battle of Evesham
1265. Dante born
1265-1268. Clement IV, Pope of Rome
1266. Conquest of Sicily by Charles of Anjou
1270-1285. Philip (III) the Hardy, King of France
1271-1276. Gregory X, Pope of Rome
1272-1307. Edward I, King of England
1273. Rudolph, son of Albert IV, founds the Hapsburg Line
1276. Vicedominus, Pope of Rome
1276. Adrian V, Pope of Rome
1276. Innocent V, Pope of Rome
1276-1277. Nicholas III, Pope of Rome
1276-1282. Rudolph I, Duke of Austria
1277-1280. Nicholas III, Pope of Rome
1281-1285. Martin IV, Pope of Rome
1282. The Sicilian Vespers
1282. Wales united to England
1282-1308. Albert I and Rudolph II, Dukes of Austria
1284. Genoese defeat the Pisans off Meloria
1285-1288. Honorius IV, Pope of Rome
1285-1314. Philip (IV) the Fair, King of France
1288-1292. Nicholas IV, Pope of Rome
1291. Acre taken by the Mohammedans
1291. The Swiss cantons form a league for protection and coopera-
tion
1292-1298. Adolphus, King of Germany
1294. St. Celestine V, Pope of Rome
1294-1303. Boniface XI, Pope of Rome
1298-1308. Albert I, King of Germany
1299-1326. Othman, Emir of Turkey
1300. Moscow made the capital of Russia
1302. Battle of Courtray
1305-1314- Clement V, Pope of Rome
800
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
A. D.
1307-1327. Edward II, King of England
1308-1312. Henry VII, Emperor of Germany
1308-1326. Frederic I and Leopold I, Dukes of Austria
1309. Robert, King of Naples
1309. The Papal Seat removed from Rome to Avignon
1313. Interregnum in Germany
1314. Lewis of Bavaria, King of Germany
1314. Philip the Fair annexes Lyons to France
1314-1316. Louis (X) Huntin, King of France
1314-1330. Louis IV of Bavaria and Frederick III of Austria, rival Ger-
man Emperors
1315. Battle of Morgarten
1316. John I, King of France
1316-1322. Philip (V) the Long, King of France
1316-1334. John XXII, Pope of Rome
1322-1328. Charles (IV) the Handsome, King of France; last of the
House of Capet
1326-1330. Frederic I, Duke of Austria (alone)
1326-1360. Orchan, Sultan of Turkey
1327-1377. Edward III, King of England
1328. Lewis of Bavaria, Emperor of Germany
1328. Independence of Scotland
1328-1350. Philip (VI) de Valois, the Fortunate, King of France
1330-1339. Albert II and Otho, Dukes of Austria
1330-1349. Louis IV of Bavaria, German Emperor
1334-1342. Benedict XII, Pope of Rome
1337- English invasion of France, begins Hundred Years' War
1339-1358. Albert II, Duke of Austria
1341-1347. First Passage of the Turks into Europe
1342. Louis, King of Hungary
1342-1352. Clement VI, Pope of Rome
1343- Joanna I, Queen of Naples
1346. Battle of Creqy
1347. Rienzi at Rome
1347-1378. Charles (IV) of Luxemburg, German Emperor
1348. Persecution of the Jews begun at Chillon
1350-1364. John (II) the Good, King of France
1352-1362. Innocent VI, Pope of Rome
1356. Golden Bull, fundamental law of the German Empire
1356. The Battle of Poitiers
1358-1365. Rudolph IV, Duke of Austria
1360. Peace of Bretigny
1360-1389. Amurath I, Sultan of Turkey
1361. Philip of Valois, Duke of Burgundy
1361. Hadrianople taken by the Turks
1361. King Waldemar wars against the Hanseatic League
1362-1370. Urban V, Pope of Rome
1364-1380. Charles (V) the Wise, King of France
1365-1395. Albert III and Leopold II or III, Dukes of Austria
1366. Battle of Najara
1370. Rise of Timour
I37-I378. Gregory XI, Pope of Rome
1376. Return of the Popes to Rome
I377-I399. Richard II, King of England
1378-1400. Wenceslas, King of Bohemia
1378. Urban VI, Pope of Rome
1378-1389. Clement VII, Pope of Rome
WORLD CHRONOLOGY
801
A. D.
1378. Beginning of the Great Schism
1378. Beginning of the War of Chioggia
1380. Tartar war in Russia
1380-1393. Timur conquers Persia
1383. Moscow burned
1385. John the Great, King of Portugal
1386. Battle of Sempach
1386. Union of Poland and Lithuania
1389-1397. Margaret, Queen of Sweden, Norway, and Denmark
1380-1394. Boniface IX, Pope of Rome
1389-1403. Bajazet (I) Ilderim, Sultan of Turkey
1394-1404. Benedict XIII, Pope at Avignon
1395- Gian Galeazzo Visconti, Duke of Milan
I395-I4II- William I and his brothers and their cousin Albert IV, Dukes
of Austria
1396. Victory of Bajazet at Nicopolis
1397- The Union of Calmar
1399-1413. Henry IV, King of England
1402. Bajazet defeated by Timur at Angora
1403-1410. Solieman, Sultan of Turkey
1404. John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy
1404-1406. Innocent VII, Pope of Rome
1405. Death of Timur
1406. Pisa becomes subject to Florence
1406-1409. Gregory XII, Pope of Rome
1409. Sicily united to Aragon
1409. Council of Pisa
1409-1410. Alexander V, Pope of Rome
1410-1438. Sigismund, King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor
1410-1413. Musa-Chelebi, Sultan of Turkey
1410-1417. John XXIII, anti-Pope
1411-1439. Albert V, Duke of Austria
1412-1431. Joan of Arc
1413-1421. Mohammed I, Sultan of Turkey
1413-1422. Henry V, King of England
1415. Council of Constance
1415. John Huss burned
1415. Battle of Agincourt
1416. Alfonso V, King of Aragon
1417-1424. Martin V, Pope of Rome
1419. Henry V takes Rome
1419. Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy
1419. Jane II, Queen of Naples
1420. Treaty of Troyes
1421-1451. Amurath II, Sultan of Turkey
1422. Siege of Constantinople
1422-1461. Henry VI, King of England
1422-1461. Louis XI, King of France
1424-1429. Clement VIII, Pope of Rome
1429. Battle of Orleans
1431. Council of Basle
1431-1439. Eugenius IV, Pope of Rome
1435. Treaty of Arras
1438. Imperial House of Austria begins to rule in Germany with
Albert II as Emperor
1439. Council of Florence
1439-1449. Felix V, Pope of Rome
802
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
A. D.
1439-1457. Ladislaus, Duke of Austria
1440-1493. Frederick (IV) the Pacific, Emperor of Germany
1444. Battle of Varna
1444. Battle of St. Jacob near Basle
1447. Death of Filippo Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan
1447-1455. Nicholas V, Pope of Rome
1448. Christian I, King of Denmark
1448-1453. Constantine Palaeologus, Emperor of the East
1450. Francesco Sforza, Duke of Milan
1451-1481. Mohammed II, Sultan of Turkey
1452. End of the Hundred Years' War
1453. The Turks take Constantinople
1455-1458. Calixtus III, Pope of Rome
1455-1485. Wars of York and Lancaster
1456. John Hunyady drives back the. Turks from Belgrade
1457-1493. Emperor Frederic III and Albert VI, Dukes of Austria
1458-1490. Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary
1458-1464. Pius II, Pope of Rome
1461. Mohammed II conquers the Empire of Trebizond
1461-1483. Edward IV, King of England
1461-1483. Louis XI, King of France
1462. Spaniards capture Gibraltar
1464-1471. Paul II, Pope of Rome
1466. Casimir IV, King of Poland, wins West Prussia from the Teu-
tonic Knights
1471. Union of Castile and Aragon
1471-1484. Sixtus IV, Pope of Rome
1477. Ivan Vasilovitch frees Russia from the Moguls
1480. The Inquisition is established in Spain
1481-1512. Bajazet II, Sultan of Turkey
1483. Luther born
1483-1485. Edward V, King of England
1483-1498. Charles (VIII) the Affable, King of France
1484-1492. Innocent VIII, Pope of Rome
1485-1509. Henry VII, King of England
i486; Discovery of the Cape of Good Hope
1492. Granada taken by Ferdinand II
1492. Christopher Columbus discovers America
1492-1503. Alexander VI, Pope of Rome
1493-1519. Maximilian I, Emperor of Germany
1493-1804. Austria merged in Germany
1494. Charles VIII of France enters Italy
1494. Florence gets rid of the Medici
1494. Pisa regains her liberty
1498. Sebastian Cabot sails along the North American coast from
Maine to Cape Hatteras
1498-1515. Louis XII, King of France
1499. Swiss Independence is established
1500. Louis XII of France conquers the Duchy of Milan
1501. Shah Ismail, first Sopli of Persia
1503. Pius III, Pope of Rome
1503-1513. Julius II, Pope of Rome
1504. Ferdinand of Spain and Sicily conquers Naples
1507. Luther consecrated as a priest
1508. Luther becomes professor in the University of Wittenberg
1508. League of Cambray
1508. Maximilian I takes the title of Emperor-elect
WORLD CHRONOLOGY
803
A. D.
1509. Accession of Henry VIII, King of England
151 1. Pope Julius II forms the Holy League
1512. Ferdinand conquers Navarre
1512. Battle of Ravenna
1512. The Medici return to Florence
1512. Germany divided into Circles
1512. Luther returns from an embassy to Rome disgusted with the
frivolity of the clergy
1512-1516. Ferdinand V, King of all Spain
1512-1520. Selim (I) the Inflexible, Sultan of Turkey
1513. James IV of Scotland defeated by the English at Flodden
Field
1513-1522. Leo X, Pope of Rome
1513-1523. Christian II, King of Denmark and Norway
1515. Battle of Marignano
I SI5 -I 547 Francis I, King of France; ideas of the Renaissance intro-
duced
1516-1556. Charles I, King of Spain
1517. Luther, opposing the sale of indulgences, issues his ninety-
five propositions
1519. Charles I of Spain elected Emperor as Charles V
1519. In consequence of the Leipzig controversy, Luther excom-
municated
. 1519. Magellan sails in the expedition that first circumnavigates
the globe
1519. Ulrich Zwingli preaches at Zurich
1519-1521. Mexico conquered by Hernando Cortez
1520. Christian II of Denmark becomes King of Norway
1520. Christian II, King of Denmark and Norway conquers Sweden
1520-1566. Suleiman (I or II) the Magnificent, Emperor of Turkey
1521. Suleiman takes Belgrade
1521. War between Charles V and Francis I
1521. Luther before the Diet of Worms
1522. Knights of St. John driven out of Rhodes
1522-1523. Adrian VI, Pope of Rome
1523-1534. Paul III (Alexander Farnese), Pope of Rome
1523. Frederick I, King of Denmark and Norway
1523-1560. Gustavus (I) Vasa, King of Sweden
1525. Bourbon sacks Rome
1525. Battle of Pavia
1525. Foundation of the Duchy of Prussia
1526. Lewis II of Hungary killed at the Battle of Mohacs
1527. Sack of Rome by the Imperialists
1527. The Medici driven out of Florence
1529. Peace of Cambray
1529. Diet of Speyer
1529. Sultan Suleiman besieges Vienna
1530. Henry VIII assumes the title of Supreme Head of the Church
of England
1530. Confession of Augsburg
1530. Fall of Florence
1530. Charles V crowned Emperor
1531. Diet of Ratisbon
1531. Union of Germany
1531. The League of Schmalkalden
1531. Death of Zwingli
1531. The Portuguese colonize Brazil
804
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
A. D.
I53I-I537- Alexander I, Duke of Tuscany
1532-1536. Peru conquered by Francisco Pizarro
1533. Cramner in opposition to the Pope declares the marriage of
Henry VIII with Catherine of Aragon to be void
1533-1584. Ivan (IV) the Terrible, Emperor of Russia
1534. Authority of the Pope in England transferred to the Crown
1534. Duke Charles of Savoy besieges Geneva
1536. Calvin makes Geneva his home
I537-I569- Cosmo de' Medici, Duke of Tuscany
1538. Truce of Nice
1538. Unfortunate German expedition to Algiers
1540. The Society of Jesus founded by Ignatius Loyola
1541. De Soto discovers the Mississippi
1542. Birth and accession of Mary Queen of Scots
1543. Nissa besieged by the Turks
1544. Peace of Crespy-
1545- Council of Trent
1546. Death of Luther
1547. Battle of Miihlberg
1547. Edward VI succeeds Henry VIII as King of England
1547-1559. Henry II, King of France; civil wars in France
I550-I555- Jules III, Pope of Rome
1552. Treaty of Passau
1553. Arctic Expedition under Sir Hugh Willoughby and Richard
Chancellor
1553- Calais taken by the English
1553- Death of Edward VI of England
1553- Lady Jane Grey claims the English crown
1553-1558. Mary, Queen of England; persecution of English Protestants
1555. Peace of Augsburg
1555- The Fall of Sienna
1555. Abdication of Charles V
1555. Marcellus II, Pope of Rome
1555-1559- Paul IV, Pope of Rome
1555-1564. Ferdinand I, Emperor of Germany
1556. Arctic Expedition under Stephens Burrough
1556-1598. Philip II, King of Spain
1556. Akbar, Emperor of Hindustan
1557- Cosmo de' Medici, Duke of Florence, gets possession of Sienna
I 557- Battles of St. Quentin and Gravelines
1558. Death of Charles V
1558. The French take Calais
1558-1603. Elizabeth, Queen of England; Protestantism restored in Eng-
land
1559. Peace of Cateau-Cambresis
1559. Frederick II of Denmark and Norway
1559-1560. Francis II, King of France
1560. Death of Gustavus Vasa
1560-1574. Charles IX, King of France
1562. Religious Wars in France begin
1562. First French Settlement of Carolina
1564. Shakespeare born
1564-1576. Maximilian II, Emperor of Germany
1565. St. Augustine founded
1566. The Netherlands revolt against Philip II of Spain
1566-1572. St. Pius V, Pope of Rome
1566-1574. Selim II, Sultan of Turkey
WORLD CHRONOLOGY
805
A. D.
1568-1586. Mary Queen of Scots claims the English crown
1569-1574. Cosmo de' Medici, Grand-Duke of Tuscany
T 57i. Cyprus taken by the Turks
1571. Battle of Lepanto; Turkish naval power destroyed by the Holy
League
1572. Massacre of St. Bartholomew
1572-1585. Gregory XII, Pope of Rome
1 573- The Polish Crown becomes purely elective
1574-1587. Francis I, Grand-Duke of Tuscany
I574-IS89. Henry III, King of France; last of the House of Valois
1574-1595- Amurath III, Sultan of Turkey
1576. Frobisher's attempt to discover a Northwest Passage
1576-1612. Rudolf II, Emperor of Germany
1580. Charles Emmanuel, Duke of Savoy
1580. Philip II annexes Portugal to Spain
1581. Union of the Seven Provinces
1584. Death of William the Silent
1584-1598. Feodor or Theodor I, Emperor of Russia
1585. Davis passes up Davis Strait to latitude 72 41' N
1585. Sir Walter Raleigh founds the Colony of Virginia
1585-1590. Sixtus V, Pope of Rome
1587. Mary Queen of Scots beheaded
1587-1608. Ferdinand I, Grand-Duke of Tuscany
1588. Philip II sends the Armada to England
1588-1648. Christian IV of Denmark and Norway
1589. End of the Dynasty of Rurik in Russia
1589-1610. Henry (IV) the Great of Bourbon, King of France and Na-
varre
1590-1591. Gregory XIV, Pope of Rome
1591. Innocent IX, Pope of Rome
1592-1605. Clement VIII, Pope of Rome
1594. William Barents traces the course of Nova Zembla to latitude
77 N.
1595-1603. Mohammed III, Sultan of Turkey
1598. Edict of Nantes
1598-1605. Boris-Godonof, Emperor of Russia
1598-1621. Philip III, King of Spain
1601. Treaty of Lyons
1603. King James version of the Bible made
1603-1604. Lady Arabella Stuart claims the English crown
1603-1617. Achmet I, Sultan of Turkey
1603-1625. James I, King of England
1605. Jehangir, Emperor of Hindustan
1605-1606. Feodor II, Emperor of Russia
1605-1621. Paul V (Camille Borghese), Pope of Rome
1606-1610. Vasali-Chouiski or Zouinski, Emperor of Russia
1607. Jamestown founded
1608-1621. Cosmo II, Grand-Duke of Tuscany
1609. Henry Hudson explores and names the Hudson River
1610. Expulsion of the Moriscos from Spain
1610. Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay
1610-1613. Ladislaus of Poland, Emperor of Russia
1610-1643. Louis XIII, King of France; rule of Marie de' Medici and
Richelieu
1611. Union of Prussia and Brandenburg
1611-1632. Gustavus (II) Adolphus the Great, King of Sweden
1612. Evangelical Union and Catholic League; Revolt in Bohemia
806
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
A. D.
1613-1645. Michael-Feodorovitch of the house of Romanov, Emperor of
Russia, begins the Romanov dynasty
1614. The Dutch settle New York
1617. Finland ceded to Sweden by Russia
1617-1618. Mustapha I, Sultan of Turkey
1618-1622. Osman II, Sultan of Turkey
1618. Beginning of the Thirty Years' War
1619. Negro slaves introduced into Virginia
1619. Accession of Ferdinand II, who was resolved to suppress re-
bellion and to restore Catholicism
1620. Frederick, Elector Palatine, King of Bohemia, defeated in the
Battle of Prague
1620. Pilgrims land at Plymouth
1621-1623. Gregory XV, Pope of Rome
1621-1665. Philip IV, King of Spain
1621-1670. Ferdinand II, Grand-Duke of Tuscany
1622-1623. Mustapha I, Sultan of Turkey
1623. Massacre of Amboyna
1623-1640. Amurath IV, Sultan of Turkey
1623-1644. Urban VIII, Pope of Rome
1625. Christian IV of Denmark, Head of the Protestant League
1625. Accession of Charles I to the throne of England; struggles
with people for royal prerogative
1626. Peter Minuit founds New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island
1627. Shah Jehan, Emperor of Hindustan
1630. Gustavus Adolphus, Head of the Protestant League
1630. Boston founded by Puritans
1631-1700. John Dryden
1631. Battle of Breitenfeld (Leipzig)
1632. Gustavus Adolphus killed
1632. Battle of Lutzen
1632. Christina, Queen of Sweden
1634. First settlement in Maryland
1634. Wallenstein disgraced and murdered
1637-1658. Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
1638. Harvard College establised at Cambridge, Massachusetts
1638. Colonies of Rhode Island and New Haven in Connecticut
founded by settlers from Massachusetts
1639. Beginning of the Dynasty of Braganza in Portugal
1639. Free constitution of Connecticut
1640. The Long Parliament meets
1640. English Settlement at Madras
1640-1648. Ibrahim, Sultan of Turkey
1643. Louis XIV of France
1643-1661. Anne of Austria and Mazarin rule France
1643-1715. Louis (XIV) the Great, King of France
1644-1655. Innocent X, Pope of Rome
1645. Charles I defeated by the English Commons at Naseby
1645. War of Candia
1645-1676. Alexis, Emperor of Russia
1648. Peace of Westphalia secures religious toleration throughout
Germany and limits the power of the Emperor
1648-1687. Mohammed IV, Sultan of Turkey
1649. Religious toleration proclaimed in Maryland
1649. Charles I of England beheaded
1649-1658. Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England
1650-1651. Charles II claims the English crown
WORLD CHRONOLOGY
807
A. D.
1655-1667. Alexander VII, Pope of Rome
1657. Prussia independent of Poland
1657-1705. Leopold I, Emperor of Germany
1658. Death of Oliver Cromwell
1658. Aurangzeb, Emperor of Hindustan
1659. Peace of the Pyrenees
1660. Denmark becomes an absolute Monarchy
1660. Treaties of Olivia and Copenhagen
1660-1685. Restoration of the Stuart Line in England with the reign of
Charles II; change in national character
1663. Charles II sells Dunkirk to Louis XIV
1664. New York taken by the English
1664-1667. War between England and the United Provinces
1665. The Plague of London
1665-1700. Charles II, King of Spain
1667-1670. Clement IX, Pope of Rome
1668. The Triple Alliance against Louis XIV
1669. The Turks take Candia
1670-1723. Cosmo III, Grand-Duke of Tuscany
1670-1676. Clement X, Pope of Rome
1672. William (III) of Orange becomes Stadtholder of the Nether-
lands
1674-1696. John Sobieski, King of Poland
1676-1682. Feodor or Theodor II, Emperor of Russia
1676-1689. Innocent XI, Pope of Rome
1678-1679. Peace of Nymwegen
1681. Louis XIV seizes Strassburg
1682. La Salle explores the Mississippi
1682. Philadelphia founded by William Penn
1682. The Turks besiege Vienna
1682. Sweden becomes an absolute Monarchy
1682-1689. Ivan V and Peter I, Emperors of Russia
1685. Argyle and Monmouth claim the English throne
1685. Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
1685-1689. James II, King of England; attempts to restore Catholicism
in England
1686. The League of Augsburg
1687. Louis XIV conquers Franche Comte and part of Flanders
1687-1691. Suleiman (II or III), Sultan of Turkey
1687. The Hungarian Crown becomes hereditary
1688. Invasion of England by William of Orange
1688. Louis XIV seizes Avignon
1689. Tyranny of Andros in New England
1689. William and Mary, King and Queen of England
1689-1691. Alexander VIII, Pope of Rome
1689-1725. Peter (I) the Great, sole Emperor of Russia
1691-1695. Ahmed II, Sultan of Turkey
1691-1700. Innocent XII, Pope of Rome
1695-1703. Mustapha II, Sultan of Turkey
1696. Russian Conquest of Azof
1697. Peace of Ryswick
1697. Augustus the Strong, King of Poland
1697-1718. Charles XII, King of Sweden
1698. English Settlement at Calcutta
1699. Peace of Carlowitz
1700. Peter the Great defeated by Charles XII at Narva
1700-1721. Clement XI, Pope of Rome
808
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
A. D.
1700-1724. Philip V, King of Spain
1701. Yale College, Connecticut, founded
1701. Frederick I crowned first King of Prussia
1701-1713. War of the Spanish Succession
1702-1714. Anne, Queen of England
1703. St. Petersburg founded by Peter the Great as new capital of
Russia
1703-1730. Ahmed III, Sultan of Turkey
1704. Stanislaus, King of Poland
1704. Gibraltar taken by the English
1704. Battle of Blenheim
1705-1711. Joseph I, Emperor of Germany
1707. Union of England and Scotland
1708. Beginning of the East India Company
1709. Charles XII defeated by Peter at Poltowa
1711-1740. Charles VI, Emperor of Germany
1713. Pragmatic Sanction
1713. Treaty of Utrecht
1713. Victor Amadeus II of Savoy, made King of Sicily
1713-1740. Frederick William I, King of Prussia
1714-1727. George I, King of England
1715. War between Austria and Turkey
1715. The Turks win back Peloponnesus from Venice
I 7 I 5- Jacobite Rebellion in England
1715-1774. Louis (XV) the Well-beloved, King of France
1718. Quadruple Alliance against Spain
1718. Death of Charles XII of Sweden
1718. Peace of Passarowitz
1718. Jesuits expelled from Russia
1720. Victor Amadeus II cedes Sicily to Austria and becomes King
of Sardinia
1721-1724. Innocent XIII, Pope of Rome
1723-1737. John Gaston, Grand-Duke of Tuscany
1724. Klopstock born
1724-1730. Benedict XIII, Pope of Rome
1 724-1 746. Philip V, King of Spain
1725-1727. Catherine I, Empress of Russia
1727-1730. Peter II, Emperor of Russia
1727-1760. George II, King of England
1730-1740. Anne, Empress of Russia
1730-1740. Clement XII, Pope of Rome
1730-1754. Mahmud I (or Mohammed V), Sultan of Turkey
l 733- James Oglethorpe establishes colony at Savannah in Georgia
1733- War of the Polish Succession
1737-1765. Francis II, Grand-Duke of Tuscany
1738. Princeton College founded at Princeton, New Jersey
1739. Peace of Belgrade
1740. Frederick the Great conquers Silesia
1740. Accession of Maria Theresa, Queen of Hungary and Archduch-
ess of Austria
1740-1741. Ivan VI, Emperor of Russia
1740-1748. War of the Austrian Succession
1740-1758. Benedict XIV, Pope of Rome
1741-1762. Elizabeth, Empress of Russia
1743. Tcholyuskin reaches the most northern point of Siberia at
latitude 77 41' N
1745. Second Jacobite Rebellion
WORLD CHRONOLOGY
809
A. D.
I745-I76S- Francis I, Emperor of Austria (co-regent with Maria Theresa)
1746. Battle of Culloden
1746-1759. Ferdinand VI, King of Spain
1749. Goethe born
1754-1757- Osman III, Sultan of Turkey
1755- Braddock's expedition against Fort Duquesne defeated by the
French and Indians
1756. Suraj-ad-dowla takes Calcutta
1756-1763. Seven Years' War
1757. Battle of Plassey
1757-1774. Mustapha III, Sultan of Turkey
1758. Fort Duquesne captured by the English
1758-1769. Clement XIII, Pope of Rome
1759- Schiller born
1759. English Conquest of Canada
1759-1788. Charles III, King of Spain
1760-1820. George III, King of England
1761. The Family Compact
1762-1796. Catherine II, Empress of Russia
1763. Florida ceded to Great Britain by Spain
1763. Conspiracy of Pontiac to unite the Indian tribes in an en-
deavor to exterminate the white settlers in North America
1763. Peace of Paris
1765. England passes the Stamp Act
1765-1790. Joseph II, co-regent with Maria Theresa in the Austrian
Monarchy
1765-1790. Leopold I, Grand-Duke of Tuscany
1766. England repeals the Stamp Act
1766. Annexation of Lorraine to France
1768. Annexation of Corsica to France
1769. Napoleon born
1769-1775. Clement XIV, Pope of Rome
1769-1784. Successful invasion of the Crimea by Russia
1770. The Boston Massacre
1771-1792. Gustavus (III) Adolphus, King of Sweden
1772-1795. Dismemberment of Poland
1 773- Abolition of the Society of Jesus
1774. Russia by the treaty of Kutschouc Kainardji grants the inde-
pendence of the Crimea and the freedom of the Black Sea
1774. The first Continental Congress in North America
1774-1775. Rebellion of the Cossacks
1774-1789. Abdul-Ahmed, Sultan of Turkey
1774-1793. Louis XVI, King of France
1775. Battles of Lexington and Concord
1775- The second Continental Congress
1775-1783. American colonies win their independence from England by the
American Revolutionary War
1775-1800. Pius VI, Pope of Rome
1776. American Declaration of Independence
1777. Battle of Saratoga
1778. Captain Cook discovers Cape Prince of Wales
1779. John Paul Jones wins the first victory of the American navy
1780. Death of Maria Theresa
1781. Great Britain cedes Florida to Spain
1782. Independence of Ireland
1786-1797. Frederick William II, King of Prussia
1788-1808. Charles IV, King of Spain
810
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
A. D.
1789. Constitution of the United States
1789. Convocation of States-General in France
1789-1797. George Washington, President of the United States
1789-1807. Selim III, Sultan of Turkey
1790. The Quakers of Pennsylvania ask Congress to abolish slavery
1790-1792. Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
1790-1800. Ferdinand III, Duke of Tuscany
1792. National Convention in France
1792. Francis II succeeds Leopold II as Emperor of Germany
1792. Treaty of Jassy
1792. Battle of Valmy
1792. An order issued that the slave-trade should cease in all Danish
possessions from the end of 1802
1792-1795. National Convention rules in France
1792-1809. Gustavus (IV) Adolphus, King of Sweden
1793. Eli Whitney invents the cotton-gin
1793-1795. Louis XVII, King of France
1793-1815. Wars of the French Revolution
1793. Second Partition of Poland
1793. Execution of Louis XVI
1793-1815. War between England and France; Nelson establishes Eng-
land's naval supremacy
I795- Third Partition of Poland
1795. Batavian Republic
1795-1799. Directory reigns in France
1796-1801. Paul, Emperor of Russia
1797. Frederick William III, King of Prussia
1797-1801. John Adams, President of the United States
1798. Russian treaty with Austria and England
1798. French Fleet defeated at Aboukir
1798. Switzerland invaded by the French
1798. Helvetic Republic
1799. Napoleon abandons siege of Saint Jean d'Acre
1799-1804. Consulate rules in France
1800. Union of Great Britain and Ireland
1800. The American Congress meets at Washington for the first
time
1800-1823. Pius VII, Pope of Rome
1801. Peace of Luneville
1801. Rise of the Democratic party in the United States
1801-1809. Thomas Jefferson, President of the United States
1802. Napoleon makes a Concordat between the French nation and
Rome
1802. Peace of Amiens
1803. Napoleon gives Switzerland a new constitution
1804-1814, 1814-1815. Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French
1804-1835. Frances I, Emperor of Austria
1805. Battle of Austerlitz
1805. Battle of Trafalgar
1805. Peace of Pressburg
1805. Russia joins the coalition against France
1806. Great Britain acquires Cape Colony
1806. Francis I, Emperor of Germany, assumed the title of Francis
II, Emperor of Austria
1806. Battle of Jena
1807. Peace of Tilsit
1807. Mahmud II, Sultan
WORLD CHRONOLOGY
811
A. D.
1807-1808.
1808.
1808.
1808-1813.
1808-1839-
1809.
1809.
1809.
1809-1817.
1809-1818.
1810.
1810.
1810-1825.
1812.
1812-1814.
1812-1815.
1813.
1813-1833.
1814.
1814.
1814.
1814.
1814-1824.
1815.
1815.
1815.
1815.
1816.
1817-1821.
1818-1844.
1820.
1 820-1 829.
1821.
1821.
1821.
1822.
1823.
1823.
1823-1829.
1824.
1 824-1 830.
1825-1829.
1825-1855.
1826.
1827.
1828.
1829.
1829-183 1.
1829-1837.
1 829- 1 837.
1830.
1830.
1830.
1 830-1 848.
Mustapha IV, Sultan of Turkey-
Ferdinand VII, King of Spain, forced to abdicate by Napoleon
The Peninsular War begun
Joseph Bonaparte, King of Spain
Mahmud II (or Mohammed VI), Sultan of Turkey
Napoleon marries Marie Louise
Battles of Aspern and Wagram
Pope excommunicates Napoleon
James Madison, President of the United States
Charles XIII, King of Sweden
The Papal States added to France
Revolt of the Spanish Colonies in America
Alexander I, Emperor of Russia
Louisiana admitted to the United States
War between Russia and France
War between the United States and England
Battle of Leipzig
Ferdinand VII, King of Spain
First Peace of Paris
Napoleon retires to Elba
Norway falls under the sovereignty of Sweden
The British take Washington
Louis XVIII, King of France; House of Bourbon restored
The Congress of Vienna makes of Germany a confederation
of independent states under the hegemony of Austria
Corn Laws passed in Great Britain
Second Peace of Paris
Return of Bonaparte; Battle of Waterloo
Frederick William III of Prussia concludes the Holy Alliance
with the sovereigns of Russia and Austria
James Monroe, President of the United States
Charles XIV (John Bernadotte), King of Sweden
Passage of the Missouri Compromise
George IV, King of England
Florida acquired from Spain by the United States
Greek War of Independence
Nobility abolished in Norway
Separation of Brazil from Portugal
Reform of Criminal law in England
President Monroe formulates the Monroe Doctrine
Leo XII, Pope of Rome
Death of Byron in Greece
Charles X, King of France; last of the House of Bourbon on
the French throne
John Quincy Adams, President of the United States
Nicholas I, Emperor of Russia
Franklin reaches the mouth of the Mackenzie River
Turkish naval power destroyed at Navarino
War between Russia and Turkey
Catholic Relief Bill passed in England
Pius VIII, Pope of Rome
Andrew Jackson, President of the United States
William IV, King of England
French Revolution of July
Separation of Belgium from the Netherlands
War for the independence of Poland against Russia
Louis Philippe, King of France
812
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
A. D.
1831. Insurrection in central Italy
1831. Polish Revolution
1831-1846. Gregory XVI, Pope of Rome
1832. Reform Bill passed in England
1832. Parry discovered the channel leading from the head of Hudson
Bay
1832. South Carolina attempts nullification
1832. Poland united with Russia
1833. Act for the Emancipation of Slaves passed in England
1833. Oxford Movement begun in England
1833. Civil War in Spain
1833-1870. Isabella, Queen of Spain
1834. System of national education begun in England
1835-1848. Ferdinand, Emperor of Austria
1836. South Australia first colonized
1837-1841. Martin Van Buren, President of the United States
1837-1901. Victoria, Queen of England and Empress of India
1838. Daguerre invents photography
1838. Samuel F. B. Morse invents the telegraph
1839-1848. Christian VIII, King of Denmark
1839-1861. Abdul-Medjid, Sultan of Turkey
1840. Frederick William IV, King of Prussia
1841. Independence of Egypt
1841-1845. William Henry Harrison, President of the United States
1844-1859. Oscar I, King of Sweden
1845-1847. Sir John Franklin practically accomplishes the Northwest
Passage
1845-1849. James Knox Polk, President of the United States
1846. California acquired by the United States
1846. The Corn Laws repealed in England
1846-1848. War between the United States and Mexico
1846-1878. Pius IX, Pope of Rome
1847. War of the Sonderbund in Switzerland
1848. Discovery of gold in California
1848. On the abdication of Ferdinand I, Francis Joseph becomes
Emperor of Austria
1848. War beween Schleswig and Holstein
1848. First War of Independence in Italy
1848. Frederick William IV grants a Prussian constitution
1848. Switzerland adopts a new constitution
1848-1852. Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, President of the Second
French Republic
1848-1863. Frederick VII, King of Denmark
1849. Battle of Novara
1849. Fall of Rome and Venice
1849-1853. Zachary Taylor, President of the United States
1850. Fugitive Slave Law passed in the United States
1851-1878. Victor Emmanuel II, King of Italy
1852-1871. Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of France
1853-1857. Franklin Pierce, President of the United States
1854. Perry's mission to Japan induces that government to open its
ports to commerce
1854. The Missouri Compromise abolished
1854-1856. The Crimean War
1855. Siege of Sebastopol
1855. Concordat between Austria and Rome giving the Roman
clergy control over public instruction
WORLD CHRONOLOGY
813
A. D.
1855-1881.
1856.
1857.
1857.
1857-1861.
1858.
1859.
1859-
1859-1872.
i860.
i860.
i860.
1861.
1861.
1861.
1861.
1861-1865.
1861-1865.
1 861-1876.
1862.
1863.
1863.
1 863- 1 906.
1864.
1864.
1865.
1865.
1865.
1865.
1865-1869.
1866.
1866.
1866.
1866.
1866.
1867.
1867.
1868.
1869.
1869-1877.
1870.
1870.
1870.
1870-1871.
1870.
1870-1873.
1870-1875.
1871.
1871.
1871.
1871.
Alexander II, Emperor of Russia
Peace of Paris
The Dred Scott decision in the United States
Indian Mutiny
James Buchanan, President of the United States
Jewish Relief Bill passed in England
Austria gives up Lombardy
Charles Darwin publishes his " Origin of Species "
Charles XV, King of Sweden
Emperor of Russia protests against the recognition of the
sovereignty of peoples
Dr. Hayes reaches a latitude of 8i 35' N
Garibaldi frees Sicily and Naples
Confederate States of America organized at Montgomery, Ala-
bama
Jefferson Davis elected President of the Confederate States of
America
Decree for the total emancipation of slaves in Poland
Russian nobles sign a petition for a political constitution
Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States
Civil War in the United States
Abdul-Aziz, Sultan of Turkey
Bismarck becomes first minister in Prussia
Emancipation Proclamation issued by President Lincoln
Insurrection in Poland
Christian IX, King of Denmark
Provincial institutions established throughout Russia
In war with Prussia, Denmark loses Schleswig and Holstein
Lee's surrender at Appomattox
Assassination of Lincoln
Thirteenth amendment to the American Constitution adopted
Russian emperor refuses request of nobles for two houses of
representatives
Andrew Johnson, President of the United States
Trial by jury introduced into Russia
War between Prussia and Austria
Battle of Konigsgratz
Schleswig and Holstein joined to Prussia
Austria cedes Venetia to Italy
Amnesty in favor of the Poles on the part of Russia
Austria and Hungary united as a dual monarchy
Polish language interdicted in public places in Poland
Opening of the Suez Canal
Ulysses S. Grant, President of the United States
Loss of the temporal power of the Pope
Rome made the Capital of Italy
Hall reaches 82 11' N
War between France and Prussia
Battle of Sedan
Amadeo I, King of Spain
Reconstruction troubles in the southern States of the United
States
The Commune in Paris
Siege and capture of Paris
Peace of Frankfort
William I, King of Prussia, proclaimed German Emperor and
the House of Hohenzollern begins to rule in Germany
814
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
A. D.
1871-1873. Louis Adolphe Thiers, President of the French Republic
1872. Accession of Oscar II, King of Sweden
1873. Commercial crisis in the United States
1873-1874. Republic in Spain
1873-1880. Marshal M. E. Patrice MacMahon, President of the French
Republic
1874. Payer reaches 82 5' N
1874. The Swiss constitution again changed
1874-1886. Alfonso XII, King of Spain
1876. Amurath V, Sultan of Turkey
1876. Accession of Abdul-Hamid II, Sultan of Turkey
1877. Queen of England proclaimed Empress of India
1877. Trial of Nihilists for Revolutionary Propagandism in Russia
1877-1878. War between Russia and Turkey
1877-1881. Rutherford B. Hayes, President of the United States
1878. The Berlin Congress gives Bosnia and Herzegovnia to Austria
1878-1879. Nordenskiold accomplishes the Northwest Passage
1878-1900. Humbert, King of Italy
1878-1903. Leo XIII, Pope of Rome
1880. Revolt of the Boers of Transvaal
1880-1887. Frangois Paul Jules Grevy, President of the French Republic
1881. Assassination of the Russian Emperor, Alexander II
1881. James A. Garfield, President of the United States
1881-1885. Chester A. Arthur, President of the United States
1881-1890. Germany consolidated
1881-1894. Alexander III, Emperor of Russia
1882. Circumpolar station, Fort Conger, established by the United
States at latitude 8i 24' N
1882. Greely reaches 83 24' N
1882. Compulsory Education Act in force in France
1884. Trades-unions legalized in France
1885. Surrender of Khartum to the Mahdi and death of General Gor-
don
1885-1889. Grover Cleveland, President of the United States
1886. Birth and accession of Alphonso XIII, King of Spain
1887. Plot against the Emperor of Russia; universities closed; 200
students arrested
1887-1894. Marie Frangois Sadi Carnot, President of the French Republic
1889. Fridjof Nansen journeys across Greenland
1889-1893. Benjamin Harrison, President of the United States
1889. Accession of Carlos I, King of Portugal
1890. Bismarck resigns the Chancellorship of the German Empire
1891. The Triple Alliance renewed
1891-1906. Arctic explorations of Lieutenant Robert E. Peary
1892. Bill passed in France for regulating the labor of women and
children in factories
1893. Columbian Exposition in Chicago
1893. Commercial panic in the United States
1893. Repeal of the anti-Jesuit law in Germany
1893-1897. Grover Cleveland, President of the United States
1894. Emperor of Russia reestablishes the imperial committee of
control
1894. Trial and sentence of Captain Dreyfus
1894. Wilson Tariff passed
1894-1895. Casimir Perier, President of the French Republic
1894. Accession of Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia
1895. Nansen reaches 86 14' N
WORLD CHRONOLOGY 815
A. D.
1895. Emperor of Russia declares his intention to maintain the prin-
ciple of autocracy
1895-1899. Felix Faure, President of the French Republic
1897. Failure of a Swedish expedition to reach the North Pole by
balloon
1897. Railway from Moscow to Archangel completed
1897. Turkey at war with Greece
1897-1901. William McKinley, President of the United States
1898. Battleship " Maine " blown up in Havana Harbor
1898. War between the United States and Spain
1898. By the Treaty of Paris, Spain cedes the Spanish West Indies,
Guam and the Philippines to the United States
1898. The Hawaiian Islands annexed by the United States
1898. Empress Elizabeth of Austria assassinated
1898. The United States establishes military government in Cuba
1899. Insurrection in the Philippines
1899-1902. War between Great Britain and the two Dutch Republics in
South Africa
1899. Emile Loubet becomes President of the French Republic
1900. Cagni, member of an Italian Arctic expedition, reaches 86
33' 49" N _
1900. Paris Exhibition
1900. Russian ukase largely abolishing banishment to Siberia
1900. Accession of Victor Emmanuel, King of Italy
1901. Passage of Religious Associations Bill in France
1901. Accession of Edward VII to the throne of England
1901. Famine in Russia
1901. Civil government established in the Philippines
1901-1908. Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States
1902. Peary reaches 84 , 17' N.
1902. Republic of Cuba established
1902. Reciprocity treaty between the United States and Cuba
1902. The Triple Alliance renewed
1903. Kishineff riots against the Jews
1903-1904. Arctic expedition under Anthony Fiala, supported financially
by William Ziegler
1903. Pius X becomes Pope of Rome
1904. Religious orders prohibited from teaching in France
1904. Petition of the Zemstvoists presented to the Russian Emperor
1904. Roland Amundsen in the "Gjoa" accomplishes the Northwest
Passage
1904-1905. Russo-Japanese War
1905. Rioting among the peasants throughout Russia
1905. New agreement between England and Japan
1905. Liberal proclamation issued by the Emperor of Russia
1906. Earthquake in San Francisco
1906. Marriage of Alphonso XIII, King of Spain to the English
Princess of Battenberg
1906. Eruption of Mount Vesuvius
1906. Son born to the Crown-prince of Germany
1906. Vindication and release of Dreyfus
1906. Peary reaches 87 6' N.
1906. Accession of Frederick VIII, King of Denmark
1907. Son, Prince of Asturias, born to the King of Spain
1907. Death of Oscar II, King of Sweden, and Accession of Gus-
tavus V
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF HISTORICAL
NOVELS
INTRODUCTION
WILLIAM MAKEPEACE THACKERAY says " Novels
are sweets. All people with healthy literary appetites
love them; almost all women; a vast number of clever
hard-headed men. Judges, bishops, chancellors, mathematicians,
are notorious novel readers, as well as young boys and girls, and
their kind tender mothers." No class of fiction is more enjoyed
and certainly none is more profitable than that known as
the Historical Novel. The background of fact has an attraction
that no purely imaginary tale can ever hope to equal and though
the chronology may be inaccurate and the statements biased, a
good story will succeed in making a period live in our imaginations
when text books are mere skeletons. This thought has been
clearly expressed by Charles Reade in " The Cloister and the
Hearth " : " Epitomes are not narratives, as skeletons are not
human figures. Thus records of prime truths remain a dead letter
to plain folks ; the writers have left so much to the imagination, and
imagination is so rare a gift. Here then, the writer of fiction may
be of use to the public as an interpreter."
In the pages following we have classified the books in chrono-
logical order under the name of the country in which their scenes
are laid. The names of countries are arranged in the same sequence
in which they are treated in volumes one to twenty-four of " The
History of Nations." A star (*) indicates which books are con-
sidered as especially good; while those for children and the young
are marked "(juv.)" but because a book is designated as being
suited to the younger people, it does not follow that their elders will
not also find it interesting reading.
At the close of this Bibliography of Historical Novels will be
found an Index of Authors and Titles which will prove very useful
to the reader who wishes to find any particular novel of which he
does not know the subject-matter.
819
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF HISTORICAL
NOVELS
ARRANGED CHRONOLOGICALLY
EGYPT
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
Rameses II (Thebes, Syria, etc.)
TJarda
Georg Ebers (trans.)
Rameses II (Israelites)
*The King's Treasure House
Wilhelm Walloth
Rameses XIII (struggle between
the Secular and Ecclesiastical
forces, nth century B.C.)
*The Pharaoh and the Priest
(Faraon)
A. Glovatski (trans.)
Amasis and Cambyses (6th cen-
tury B.C.)
*An Egyptian Princess
Georg Ebers (trans.)
Ptolemy Philometer and Euergetes
(2nd century B.C.)
The Sisters
Georg Ebers (trans.)
Latter years of Cleopatra
Cleopatra
Georg Ebers (trans.)
Alexandria in its early growth un-
der the Ptolemies (3rd century
B.C.)
Tychiades
Alfred Dickeson
Alexandria in time of Emperor Car-
acalla
Per Aspera
Georg Ebers (trans.)
Worship of Isis
The Epicurean
Thomas Moore
Alexandria, 391 a.d. (Time of Theo-
dosius I)
Serapis
Georg Ebers (trans.)
Alexandria, early 5th century
*Hypatia
Charles Kingsley
643 A.D.
The Bride of the Nile
Georg Ebers (trans.)
Napoleon (1799 1800)
The Companions of Jehu
Dumas (trans.)
BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA
A tale of the priests of Baal
Cyrus. Cambyses and the prophet
Daniel play a part in this story
The Fall of Babylon
'Sarchedon
Istar of Babylon: a Phantasy
Belshazzar
G. J. White Melville
Margaret Horton Potter
William Stearns Davis
821
822
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
PERSIA
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
Times of Darius, Daniel, and Bel-
shazzar
Zoroaster
F. Marion Crawford
Nestorians
Julamerk
Mrs. J. B. Webb
Omar Khayyam
Omar the Tentmaker
N. H. Dole
Life in early 19th century
*The Adventures of Hajji
of Ispahan
Baba
James Justinian Morier
ARABIA
Zenobia and Longinus
Chrysostom (late 4th-early 5th cen-
tury)
Haroun al Raschid (ca. 786809)
The story of a Saxon, who was
carried into Asia by Turkish
marauders and afterwards became
the favorite officer of Ali Bey
Mehemet Ali's conquest of Syria
The Syrian coast, Druses' massacre
of Christians, and merchant life
in Damascus
Oriental life
"The Last Days and Fall of
Palmyra (Zenobia)
Gathering Clouds
Tales of the Caliph
* Hermann Agha: an Eastern
Narrative
The Honour of Henri de
Valois
'Said the Fisherman
The Arabian Nights' Enter-
tainments (Alif. Laila)
W. Ware
Dean Farrar
H. N. Crellin
W. Gifford Palgrave
David M. Beddoe
Marmaduke Pickthall
Anonymous
ISRAEL
Early history
Joseph the Dreamer
Robert Bird
Israel in Bondage
The Pillar of Fire (juv.)
J. H. Ingraham
The exodus of Israel from Egypt,
the wanderings in the desert and
the death of Moses
Pilgrimage of the Ben Beriah
(juv.)
Charlotte M. Yonge
The Exodus
Joshua, a tale of Biblical
Times
Georg M. Ebers
Ahab and Jezebel
Jezebel
Miss L. McLaws
Death of Elijah, career of
Ahab and Jezebel, and
Elisha,
the in-
By the Ramparts of Jezreel
Arnold Davenport
vasion of the Syrians
Maccabxan Times
The Hammer
A. J. Church and R.
Seeley
Maccabaean Times
Deborah
J. M. Ludlow
First century B.C.
The Glory of the House of
Israel
F. A. Strauss
The Jews in the century
Christ
before
Helen's Pilgrimage to Jeru-
salem
F. A. Strauss.
HISTORICAL NOVELS
823
ISRAEL continued.
The story of Christ and life in the
Holy Land; Herod, Pilate, etc.
Scenes in the life of Christ
The Christ
A study of the life of Christ and
his relations with his disciples
Judas Iscariot and the man of Nain
whom Christ raised from the dead
The betrayal and crucifixion of
Christ
The feast at Bethany, the death
and restoration of Lazarus and
the tragedy of Passion Week
The dawn of Christianity from the
old Hebraic point of view
Memoirs of a disciple of the Lord
The days of the Messiah
Saint Stephen
Saint Paul
Saint Paul
Memoirs of a disciple of St. Paul
Early Christianity (54 a. d.)
Early Christianity
Wandering Jew
Fall of Jerusalem (1st century
A.D.)
Fall of Jerusalem (1st century
A.D.)
The last days of Jerusalem (67-70
A.D.)
The Crusades
Third Crusade (1 188 1 199)
A tale of the Crusades (1189)
Crusades and Mongol conquest
St. Louis; Seventh Crusade (1248)
The Jews in Europe
Jews in Prague (early 17th cent.)
Julian; or, Scenes in Judaea
The Prince of the House of
David (juv.)
Jesus, the Carpenter of Naza-
reth
Emmanuel, the Story of the
Messiah
A Son of Issachar
Barabbas: a Dream of the
World's Tragedy
The Life of Saint Mary Mag-
dalen
The Cross Triumphant
"Philochristus
Ben Hur
Stephen, a Soldier of the
Cross
Paul, a Herald of the Cross
Paul of Tarsus
"Onesimus, Christ's Freedman
As Others Saw Him
Titus (juv.)
Salathiel, the Immortal or
Tarry Thou Till I Come
"The Gladiators
Pearl Maiden
Naomi (juv.)
The Brethren
Winning his Spurs (juv.)
Lady Sybil's Choice (juv.)
The Blue Banner (juv.)
The Boy Crusaders (juv.)
'Dreamers of the Ghetto
Gabriel
William Ware
J. H. Ingraham
Robert Bird
William Forbes Cooley
Elbridge S. Brooks
Marie Corelli
Anonymous
Florence Morse Kings-
ley
Edwin A. Abbott
Lew Wallace
Florence Morse Kings-
ley
Florence Morse Kings-
ley
Robert Bird
Edwin A. Abbott
Anonymous
Florence Morse Kings-
ley
George Croly
G. J. Whyte Melville
H. Rider Haggard
Mrs. J. B. Webb
H. Rider Haggard
G. A. Henty
Emily S. Holt
Leon Cahun (trans.)
J. G. Edgar
Israel Zangwill
S. Kohn
824
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
ISRAEL continued.
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
The Jews in Europe
Poet and Merchant
Berthold Auerbach
(trans.)
Israel Zangwill
1 8th century beggars
"The King of Schnorrers
A scheme for repossessing the Holy
Land
Daniel Deronda
George Eliot
Partly Sweden, partly Jerusalem
"Jerusalem
Selma Lagerlof
Marriage of a Jew with a Christian
The Zionists
Winifred Graham
GREECE
Mythical period
Mythical period
Mythical period
The Life of Ulysses
Ulysses
The son of Ulysses in the quest for
his father
Mythical period
Ancient Hellas (551 B.C.)
The private life of the ancient
Greeks (551 B.C.)
The philosophy of Plato
Abdera and its inhabitants at the
time when the " laughing philoso-
pher " Democritus was a citizen
and Euripides and Hippocrates
were visiting the metropolis
470 B.C.
The intellectual and social life of
Athens in the golden age
Athens (469 b.c.)
Great Athenian War (420-404 B.C.)
Peloponnesian War, Socrates and
Alcibiades
Philip of Macedon and Alexander
the Great
Alexander the Great
The later developments of Socratic
thought, the Platonic, Cynic and
Cyrenaic philosophies
Wonder Book (juv.)
Tanglewood Tales (juv.)
The Heroes (juv.)
The Story of the Odyssey
The Boy's Odyssey (juv.)
The Adventures of Telema-
chus
The World's Desire
Aphrodite
Charicles
The History of Agathon
The Republic of Fools: being
the History of the State and
People of Abdera in Thrace
Pausanias, the Spartan
'Pericles and Aspasia
Pericles
Alkibiades
Gorgo
Iskander
A Young Macedonian
Aristippus
poraries
and
his
Contem
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Charles Kingsley
A. J. Church
Walter Copland Perry
F. de S. Fenelon
H. R. Haggard and A.
Lang
Ernst Eckstein (trans.)
Wilhelm Adolf Becker
Christoph Martin Wie-
land
Christoph Martin Wie-
land
Lord Lytton
Walter Savage Landor
Anonymous
Charles Hamilton
Bromby
Charles K. Gaines
M. M. Kirkman
A. J. Church
Christoph Martin
Wieland
HISTORICAL NOVELS
825
GREECE continued
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
A Lucianic dialogue
Peregrinus Proteus
Christoph Martin
Wieland
Christians at Athens, Alexandria,
Rome, etc. (ca. 160 a.d.)
Narcissus
W. Boyd Carpenter
In the days of the French Dukes
of Athens
The Dryad
Justin Huntly McCar-
thy
The Siege of Rhodes
A Kni?ht of the White Cross
(juv.)
G. A. Henty
Greek and Turkish life (late 18th
century)
*Anastasius; or Memoirs of a
Greek
Thomas Hope
War of Independence
Loukis Laras
Demetrios Bikelas
War of Independence
A Daughter of the Klephts
Mrs. John R. Mayo
War of Independence
The Black Pilgrim
Michael Czajkowski
War of Independence
Tales from the Isles of Greece
Argyris Ephtaliotis
War of Independence
The Vintage Capsina
E. F. Benson
War of Independence
In Greek Waters (juv.)
G. A. Henty
Disorders of Modern Greece (ca.
i860)
*The King of the Mountains
Edmond About
Gneco-Turkish War (1897)
Active Service
Stephen Crane
ROME, ROMAN EMPIRE, and ITALY
Second Punic War
The Second Punic War
Hannibal; Battle of Cannae
Fall of Carthage and Corinth
The Slave Revolt under Sparta-
cus
Spartacus and Mithridates (73~7i
B.C.)
Roman Life (73 B.C.)
Pompey and Caesar (s-47 B.C.)
Caesar and the Gallic War
Manners and customs in the time
of Augustus (ca. 31 B.c-14 a.d.)
Rome under Tiberius (26 a.d.)
Rome in the time of Christ
The banishment of the Jews, St.
Paul's preaching, The Isthmian
games and the exploits of a Greek
athlete (ca. 41-48 a.d.)
Anercestes the Gaul
Kallistratus
The Lion's Brood
Lords of the World
*Prusias
Two Thousand Years Ago
(juv.)
Woe to the Conquered
*A Friend of Caesar
Marcus, the Young Centurion
(juv.)
Gallus
Neaera
*Ben Hur
The Crown of Pine (juv.)
E. M. Smith
A. H. Gilkes
Duffield Osborne
A. J. Church
Ernst Eckstein (trans.)
A. J. Church
Alfred Clark
William Stearns Davis
G. Manville Fenn
Wilhelm Adolf Becker
(trans.)
John W. Graham
Lew Wallace
A. J. Church
826
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
ROME, ROMAN EMPIRE, and ITALY continued
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
Persecutions under Nero
Darkness and Dawn
F. W. Farrar
Rome in the time of Nero (ca. 54-
68 A.D.)
*Nero
Ernst Eckstein (trans.)
Christianity in Rome and Britain
Pomponia (juv.)
Mrs. J. B. Webb
Rome in the time of Nero (64-70
A.D.)
The Burning of Rome
A. J. Church
Rome in the time of Nero (64-70
A.D.)
*Empress Octavia
Wilhelm Walloth
Paganism vs. Christianity (64-70
A.D.)
Quo Vadis?
H. Sienkiewicz (trans.)
Rome in the time of Nero (64-70
A.D.)
Acte
Hugh Westbury
The Reign of Terror under Do-
mitian (67-96 a.d.)
Domitia
S. Baring-Gould
Rome and Judaea (6970 a.d.)
The Gladiators
G. J. Whyte-Melville
Time of Vespasian (79 a.d.)
*The Last Days of Pompeii
Lytton
A Story of the Coliseum
Gaudentius (juv.)
G. S. Davies
Time of Domitian (67-96 a.d.)
Masters of The World
Mary A. M. Hoppus
Christians at Carthage
Lapsed, but not Lost (juv.)
Elizabeth Charles
Early Christians
The Victory of the Van-
quished (juv.)
Elizabeth Charles
Time of Domitian (ca. 81-96 a.d.)
Quintus Claudius
Ernst Eckstein (trans.)
95-105 A.D.
Amor Victor: a Novel of
Ephesus and Rome (juv.)
0. Kenyon
Persecution of Christians in time
of Trajan (no a.d.)
Valerius
John Gibson Lockhart
Christians and the Younger Pliny
To The Lions (juv.)
A. J. Church
Time of Hadrian (1 17-130 a.d.)
*Antinous
George Taylor (trans.)
Marcus Aurelius (161-180 a.d.)
The Emperor
Georg M. Ehers (trans.)
Life and manners during the time
of Marcus Aurelius (161 180
A.D.)
Marius The Epicurean
Walter Pater
The Decian and Valerian persecu-
tions (early 3rd century)
^Emilius (juv.)
A. D. Crake
The Fall of Palmyra (ca. 225-270
A.D.)
The Last Days and Fall of
Palmyra (Zenobia)
William Ware
Persecutions of Christians under
Aurelian (3rd century a.d.)
Aurelian
William Ware
An adventure in Rome in the
reign of Diocletian (ca. 284-305
A.D.)
The Chaldean Magician
Ernst Eckstein (trans.)
The Church in the Catacombs (4th
century)
Fabiola
N. Wiseman
HISTORICAL NOVELS
827
ROME, ROMAN EMPIRE, AND ITALY continued
SUBJECT
Tenth Persecution under Dio-
cletian (303-313 A.D.)
Constantine the Great (early 4th
century)
362 A.D.
The Emperor Julian
The Early Church and St. Augus-
tine (late 4th century)
The Romans and the Alemanni
(Germans), near Lake Con-
stance; the poet Ansonius (378
A.D.)
Roman Society and the Christian
Church in time of Jerome (362-
403 A.D.)
Early days of Papal Rome
St. Chrysostom (387-438 a.d.)
Invasion of Alaric (408410 a.d.)
Jerome and St. Augustine (early
5th century)
The Invasion of the Huns (mid-
dle 5th century a.d.)
The German Migrations (476 a.d.)
Overthrow of the Vandal King
Gelimar by Belisarius (533~534
a.d.)
The Ostrogoths and Belisarius
(533-534 a.d.)
The Gothic invasion under Tobi-
las (544-546 A.D.)
Sicily in the Middle Ages
Period of Emperor Frederick II
The career of Eccelin da Romano,
Lord of Verona (1 194-1259)
In the days of the great houses in
Florence
Conradin of Swabia and the bat-
tle of Tagliacozzo (1267-1268)
Siena in the wars of Guelfs and
Ghibellines (1268 1269)
The death of St. Francis of Assisi
(1290)
Cola di Rienzi, the Tribune, and
his fight for Italian freedom and
unity (1313-1354)
The Egyptian Wanderers
Evanus (juv.)
Julian's Dream
The Death of the Gods
Alypius of Tagaste
*A Captive of the Roman
Eagles
Sancta Paula
Jovinian (juv.)
Gathering Clouds
Antonina
Conquering and to Conquer
(juv.)
Attila; or the Huns
*Felicitas
*The Scarlet Banner
*A Struggle for Rome
Veranilda
The Proud Prince
La Battaglia di Benevento
The Lord of the Dark Red
Star
Buondelmonte's Saga
Cristina: a Romance of Italy
in the Olden Days
Provenzano the Proud
The Story of Antonio
*Rienzi, The Last of Tribunes
J. M. Neale
A. D. Crake
G. S. Davies
Dmitri Merejkowski
(trans.)
Mrs. G. B. Webb
Felix Dahn (trans.)
W. Copland Perry
W. H. G. Kingston
F. W. Farrar
Wilkie Collins
Elizabeth Charles
G. P. R. James
Felix Dahn
Felix Dahn
Felix Dahn (trans.)
George Gissing
Justin Huntly McCarthy
F. D. Guerrazzi
Eugene Lee Hamilton
Maurice Hewlett
Emily Underdown
Evelyn Gifford
Madame James Darmes-
teter
Lytton
828
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
ROME, ROMAN EMPIRE, and ITALY continued
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
Castruccio Castracani, Duke of
Lucca (Guelphs and Ghibellines,
14th century)
Valperga
Mary Shelley
Milan about 1340
Margherita Pusterla
Cesare Cantu
Guelphs and Ghibellines in Milan
and Lake Como District (early
14th century)
Marco Visconti
T. Grossi (trans.)
A romance of Siena in the 14th
century
Felicita
Christopher Hare
Venice, late 14th century
*The Lion of St. Mark (juv.)
G. A. Henty
Milan (ca. 1390-1402)
*A Man-at-Arms
Clinton Scollard
Lippi the Painter (1412-1469)
*Fra Lippo Lippi
Margaret Vere Farring-
ton
Sforza Period (ca. 1470)
*The Love Chase
Maurice Hewlett
The Medici (15th century
Isabella Orsini
F. D. Guerrazzi (trans.)
Venice, 1470
Marietta
F. Marion Crawford
Life of the Middle Ages in
Netherlands, Germany, France,
and Italy
*The Cloister and the Hearth
Charles Reade
Genoa, Italy, and America (1485-
1506)
Westward with Columbus
(juv.)
W. Gordon Stables
14th century life
'Little Novels of Italy
Maurice Hewlett
Savonarola's crusade and death (ca.
1492-1498)
Agnes of Sorrento
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Charles VIII's invasion of Italy,
Caesar Borgia, and Leonardo da
Leonora d'Orco; or, _ The
Times of Cssar Borgia
G. P. R. James
Vinci (1494-149 5)
Character and career of Leonardo
da Vinci (1494-1519)
*The Forerunner
Dmitri Merejkowski
The Rome of the Borgias (1495)
Don Tarquinio : a Kataleptic
Romance
Fr. Rolfe
Gonsalvo di Cordova (ca. 1496)
*The Challenge of Barletta
M. D'Azeglio (trans.)
Florence Savonarola (1492-1509)
Romola
George Eliot
The Borgias and Machiavelli (ca.
1500-1504)
The Honour of Savelli
Sidney Kilner Levett
Yeats
Early 16th century
The Girlhood of Catherine de'
Medici
T. Adolphus Trollope
Adventures in Renaissance times
The Cloistering of Ursula
Clinton Scollard
The Borgias
Valentino
William Waldorf Astor
ca. 1 500
Caesar Borgia
Emma Robinson
Florence Savonarola (1509)
Desiderio
Edmund G. Gardner
Florence, 1 529-1 530
The Maid of Florence (Nic-
colo de' Lapi)
M. D'Azeglio (trans.)
HISTORICAL NOVELS
829
ROME, ROMAN EMPIRE, and ITALY continued
SUBJECT
Benevenuto Cellini (1540)
Milan (16th century)
Tasso and Leonora d'Este (ca.
1565-1571)
Venice in time of Tintoretto
Venice and Florence in the later
days of the Renaissance (1578)
Late 1 6th century
Republic v. Church in Venice
(1565-1607)
Venice, time of Fra Paolo Sarpi
(ca. 1600)
The Plague in Milan, 1630
1622-1685
The ten days' revolt in Naples
against the Spanish domination
(1647)
1686
17th century
Rosicrucians (late 17th century)
War of Spanish Succession
Prince Eugene in Italy (1702)
1721-1741
Venice, Bohemia, Vienna, and
Berlin (1 740-1 786)
Italian society at the time of the
French Revolution (1774-1795)
Campaigns of Napoleon in Italy
(ca. 1800)
1705-18151
1794-ca. 1800
A French privateer and Nelson
(1798-1799)
Battle of Maida (1806)
Private life and manners at Rome
(early 18th century)
Ascanio
Sforza; a Story of Milan
Commentaries of Ser Panta-
leone
*The Master Mosaic Workers
The Cardinal's Pawn
Beatrice Cenci
The Golden Book of Venice
Signors of the Night
The Betrothed
John Inglesant
The Company of Death
The Key to the Riddle (juv.)
Paul (V), the Pope, and Paul
the Friar
Zanoni
Lally of the Brigade
The Fool Errant, being the
Memoirs of Francis Strelley,
Esq., Citizen of Lucca
Consuelo I
The Countess of Rudolstadt )
The Valley of Decision
Beatrice of Venice
The Key of Paradise
His Eminence: a Story of the
Last Century
Wing-and-Wing; or Le Fen-
follet
The Aide-de-Camp
Tolla the Courtesan
Alexandre Dumas
(trans.)
W. W. Astor
Anne Manning
George Sand (traps.)
K. L. Montgomery
F. D. Guerrazzi (trans.)
Mrs. Lawrence Turnbull
Max Pemberton
Alessandro Manzoni
(trans.)
J. H. Shorthouse
Albert Louis Cotton
Margaret S. Comrie
T. Adolphus Trollope
Lord Lytton
L. McManus
Maurice Hewlett
George Sand (trans.)
Edith Wharton
Max Pemberton
Sidney Pickering
Lady Helen Forbes
J. Fenimore Cooper
James Grant
E. Rodocanachi
830
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
ROME, ROMAN EMPIRE, and ITALY continued
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
Apulia in the time of Franco-
Austrian struggle
The Silver Skull
S. R. Crockett
Young Italy before the Revolu-
tion (1833-1846)
*The Gadfly
E. L. Voynich
The fortunes of a legitimate son
of the young Pretender
Gerald Fitzgerald the Cheva-
lier
Charles Lever
Life in 1835
Improvisatore; or, Life in
Italy
Hans Christian Ander-
sen
England and Italy (1835)
Clara Hopgood
W. Hale White [Mark
Rutherford]
The agricultural, domestic, and re-
ligious life of the peasants of
Romagna
Beppo the Conscript
Thomas Adolphus Trol-
lope
Conspiracies and revolution (1831)
Lorenzo Benoni
Giovanni Domenico Ruf-
fini
Italian Revolution (1848)
*Dr. Antonio
Giovanni Domenico
Ruffini
1848-1859
Allegra
Mary West
1848-1864
The Rule of the Monk
Giuseppe Garibaldi
The battlefields of Montebello and
Palestro (1859)
Silcote of Silcotes
Henry Kingsley
Life of Rome (1848)
*Manasseh
M. Jokai (trans.)
Revolution (1848)
*Vittoria
George Meredith
Revolution (1848)
Mademoiselle Mori
Margaret Roberts
Revolution (1848)
A Soldier for a Day
E. Spender
Venice in the Revolution (1848-
1849)
Adria
Alexander Nelson Hood
Problems of modern Italy
Tolla
Edmond About
War of Liberation (1859)
Out With Garibaldi (juv.)
G. A. Henty
War of Liberation (1859)
*For Freedom
Tighe Hopkins
Annals of a princely house (1865-
ca. 1900)
C*Saracinesca "j
Sant 'Ilario (sequel)
< Don Orsino (sequel) >
Corleone: a Sicilian Story
I (sequel) J
F. Marion Crawford
The tradespeople and lazzaroni of
Naples (1872-1878)
* Stories of Naples and the
Camorra
Charles Grant
Bread Riots of 1898 and assassina-
tion of King Humbert
The Torchbearers
Mary Bradford Whiting
The Riots at Milan
Frederic Uvedale
Edward Hutton
INDIA
Queen Chand Beebee (16th cen-
tury)
A Noble Queen
Meadows Taylor
HISTORICAL NOVELS
831
INDIA continued
Rise of the Mahrattas (1657)
East India Company, 1697
Beginnings of English rule (1751-
1757)
Black Hole of Calcutta and attend-
ent incidences (i755-i757>
Battle of Plassey (1757)
Fifeshire and India (1780)
Native life and character (18th
century)
Warren Hastings (1779-1785)
The Nawab and The Begum of
Bengal (late 18th century)
Wars in India (1 788-1 789)
Hindustan (ca. 1795-1804)
Tippoo and the siege of Seringapa-
tam ( 1 798-1 799)
Mysore War (1799)
Mogul empire; fights under Lord
Lake (ca. 1800)
Battle of Assaye
Early 19th century
Anarchy among the Mahrattas be-
fore British occupation (early
19th century)
Ochterlony's victorious campaign
against the Gurkhas (18 14-18 15)
ca. 1820-1830
The First Burmese War (1824-
1826)
First Afghan War
The Sikh War (1846)
Second Sikh War and battle of
Chillianwallah (ca. 1849)
Anglo-Indian life before the Mu-
tiny (ca. 1845)
The period just before the Mutiny
Frontier life
The Mutiny in an up-country sta-
tion (1857)
Tara
*In Furthest Ind
With Clive in India (juv.)
*Like Another Helen
Ralph Darnell
The Surgeon's Daughter
Confessions of a Thug
The Great Proconsul
Chandra Shekhar
Tippoo Sultaun
A Free Lance in a Far Land
The Duke's Own (juv.)
The Tiger of Mysore (juv.)
Before the British Raj
At the Point of the Bayonet
(juv.)
The Old Missionary
Pandurang Hari
The Prisoner of the Gurkhas
(juv.)
The Young Zemindar
On the Irrawaddy (juv.)
To Herat and Cabul (juv.)
Through the Sikh War (juv.)
Oakfield
The Wetherbys
The Advanced Guard
The Warden of the Marches
The Dilemma
Meadows Taylor
Sydney C. Grier
G. A. Henty
Sydney C. Grier
Meadows Taylor
Scott
Meadows Taylor
Sydney C. Grier
Rai Bahadoor Bankim
Chandra Chatterjei
Meadows Taylor
Herbert E. Compton
J. Percy Groves
G. A. Henty
Arthur Griffiths
G. A. Henty
Sir William Wilson
Hunter
Anonymous
Frederick P.. Gibbon
Horace Bickerstaff
Rowney
G. A. Henty
G. A. Henty
G. A. Henty
W. Delafield Arnold
John Lang
Sydney C. Grier
Sydney C. Grier
Sir G. T. Chesney
832
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
INDIA continued.
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
The eight days of the escape from
Delhi (1857)
* Eight Days
R. E. Forrest
An English officer escaping from
among the revolted Sepoys (1857)
The Sword of Azrael
R. E. Forrest
Cawnpore, Delhi, Lucknow (1857)
A Hero of Lucknow (juv.)
F. Brereton
The Mutiny (1857)
For the Old Flag
Clive Robert Fenn
The Mutiny (1857)
Terrible Times (juv.)
G. P. Raines
The Mutiny (1857)
Stretton
Henry Kingsley
The Mutiny
In Times of Peril (juv.)
G. A. Henty
Siege of Delhi and Massacre at
Meerut (1857)
*On the Face of the Waters
Mrs. F. A. Steel
The Mutiny (1857)
Seeta
Meadows Taylor
Siege of Delhi (1857)
Flotsam
H. Seton Merriman
Siege of Delhi (1857)
Jenetha's Venture
A. F. P. Harcourt
The march to Cawnpore and the
relief of Lucknow (1857)
The Peril of the Sword
A. F. P. Harcourt
The Mutiny, siege of Delhi; por-
traits of Nicholson Edwardes and
the Lawrences (1857)
The Disputed V. C. (juv.)
Frederick P. Gibbon
Annexation of Oudh and the siege
and relief of Lucknow (1850
i860)
With Sword and Pen
H. C. Irwin
The Mutiny in a small district
Brenda's Experiment
H. M. Greenhow
Anglo-Indian life at Simla (1869-
1872)
A True Reformer
Sir George Tomkyns
Chesney
Through Afghan Passes (1877-
1878)
For Name and Fame (juv.)
G. A. Henty
The Second Afghan War (1878-
1879)
Helen Treveryan
Sir Henry Mortimer Du-
rand
Second Afghan War (1 878-1 880)
The Duke of Albany's High-
landers
James Grant
Afghan Life
*A Vizier's Daughter: a Tale
of the Hazara War
Lillias Hamilton
The Burmese War
A Galahad of the Creeks; and
other Stories
S. K. Levett Yeats
The wars in Chitral, Tirah, and
Kumassi
Through Three Campaigns
(juv.)
G. A. Henty
JAPAN
Feudal Age (early 17th century)
Hojo times
For his People: being the
True Story of Sogoro's Sac-
rifice
The Stolen Emperor
Viscount Hayashi
Mrs. Hugh Fraser
HISTORICAL NOVELS
833
JAPAN continued
SUBJECT
In the fifties
Japan at the outbreak of the Rus-
sian war
Russo-Japanese War
Mito Yashiki
The Breath of the Gods
*Brown of Mukden
A. C. Maclay
Sydney McCall
Herbert Strang
SPAIN AND PORTUGAL
St. Eucratida, one of the Martyrs
of Saragossa (304 a.d.)
Pedro the Cruel (1361)
Period of Edward III of England
(ca. 1363)
Columbus and the Discovery of
America (1469-1493)
Conquest of Granada (1491 1492)
Jewish Persecution in Spain (ca.
1492)
Conquest of Granada (ca. 1492)
Conquest of Granada (ca. 1492)
Legends and fairy tales of the Al-
hambra
Battle of Pavia (1525)
Flemish Struggle with Spain (1566)
Seville; The Inquisition (1559)
Moors and Christians in time of
Philip II
Time of Philip II
Spain and Portugal: Charles I and
Buckingham in Spain (1643)
Life of the people (ca. 1600)
In the days of the Inquisition
(1687-1688)
Campaign of the Earl of Peter-
borough (1705)
Brazil, and Portugal, and the earth-
quake of Lisbon (1755)
Cartagena and Quiberon (1758)
The siege of Saragossa (1808-1809)
Charles IV and Napoleon
In Holiest Troth
Agenor de Mauleon
God, the King, my Brother
(juv.)
Mercedes of Castile
Leila
'The Vale of Cedars
The Black Disc
Chronicles of the Conquest of
Granada
The Alhambra
St. Leon
L'Annee des Merveilles (In't
Wonderjaer)
The Spanish Brothers (juv.)
In Fair Granada (juv.)
*In the Palace of the King
The Spanish Match
*Don Quixote de la M'ancha
A Flame of Fire
The Bravest of the Brave; or,
With Peterborough in Spain
Torn from the Foundations
(juv.)
Fortune's My Foe
*Saragossa
Rafael
Sister Mary Fidelis
Alexandre Dumas
Mary F. N. Roulet
J. Fenimore Cooper
Lytton
Grace Aguilar
Albert Lee
Washington Irving
Washington Irving
William Godwin
Hendrick Conscience
Deborah Alcock
E. Everett Green
F. Marion Crawford
W. Harrison Ainsworth
Miguel de Cervantes
Saavedra
Joseph Hocking
G. A. Henty
David Ker
J. Bloundelle Burton
B. Perez Galdos
Ernest Daudet (trans,
by Mrs. Cashel Hoey)
834
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
SPAIN AND PORTUGAL continued
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
Peninsular War (Vittoria)
The Story of a Scout
J. Finnemore
A village in Andalusia
1812)
(1804-
The Three-cornered Hat
Don Pedro de Alarcon
(trans. by Lady
Goodenough)
Queen Cristina and the
(ca. 1829 1840)
Carlists
The Firebrand
S. R. Crockett
The Carlist insurrection
1840)
(1829-
Viva Christina (juv.)
Edith E. Cowper
The Carlist wars (1836)
With the British Legion (juv.)
G. A. Henty
The Carlists
In Kedar's Tents
H. S. Merriman
Carlist Insurrection (1868)
The School for Saints
Mrs. Craigie (John Oli-
ver Hobbes)
The Carlists (1870)
*The Velvet Glove
H. S. Merriman
FRANCE
Persecution of Christians at Nimes
(beginning of 3rd century a.d.)
Perpetua
S. Baring-Gould
Time of Clovis (465-511 a.d.)
Ierne of Armorica
J. C. Bateman
The tale of Roncesvalles, and other
episodes (8th century)
Stories of Charlemagne and
the Twelve Peers of France
(juv.)
A, J. Church
Exploits of a Norse hero on sea
and land (8th century)
For the White Christ (juv
.)
Robert Ames Bennet
Franks and Saxons in the Ar-
dennes District (9th century
A.D.)
*Passe Rose
A. S. Hardy
Normandy Richard the Fearless
(943-988 A.D.)
*The Little Duke
Charlotte M. Yonge
The Waldenses Lyons in time
of Pierre Waldo (ca. 11 79)
*In His Name
Edward Everett Hale
Times of Richard Cceur-de-Lion
(1188-1199)
Richard Yea and Nay
Maurice Hewlett
Feudal France (ca. 1200)
The Heart's Key
Maurice Hewlett
Struggle with John of England (ca.
1200-1214)
Philip Augustus
G. P. R. James
Persecution of the Albigenses
The Most Famous Loba
Nellie K. Blisset
(1207-1218)
The young St. Louis (ca. 1230)
Falaise of the Blessed Vo
ice
William Stearns Davis
The Vaudois (middle 13th century)
Julio (juv.)
Mrs. J. B. Webb
Troubadours
The King's Fool
Michael Barrington
Obscure episodes in the history of
the Middle Ages (1290-1595)
A Mediaeval Garland
Madame J. Darmesteter
(A. Mary F. Robin-
son)
HISTORICAL NOVELS
835
FRANCE continued
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
Gaston Phoebus, Count de Foix
De Foix (juv.)
Mrs. Bray
(I343-I39I)
Cressy and Poictiers, Manny and
Chandos (1347-1365)
*Brakespeare; or, The Fortunes
of a Free Lance
G. A. Lawrence
The Hundred Years' War and
Jacquerie (1358)
The Jacquerie
G. P. R. James
The Hundred Years' _ War, the
events of the Jacquerie, and old
French family life, manners and
customs (14th century)
The Cross of Pearls (juv.)
Mrs. Bearne
Women under feudalism (1380)
The Castle of Twilight
Margaret H. Potter
The Duke of Lancaster in France
(1385)
*The White Company
Sir A. Conan Doyle
Time of Charles VI (ca. 1400)
A Lord of the Soil
Hamilton Drummond
Life of southern France (1424-
1483)
By Weeping Cross
Lady Laura Ridding
Joan of Arc (ca. 1412-1431)
*Days of Jeanne d'Arc
Mary H. Catherwood
Joan of Arc (ca. 1412-1431)
Joan the Maid
Elizabeth Charles
Cherbourg at the time of Joan of
Arc's rising (1429)
Philip the Leal
Madame James Darmes-
teter
Joan of Arc (1429 1431)
*A Monk of Fife
Andrew Lang
Joan of Arc (1410-1431)
Personal Recollections of Joan
of Arc, by the Sieur Louis
de Conte
Mark Twain
Joan of Arc
A Noble Purpose Nobly Won
Anne Manning
In Joan of Arc's days (ca. 1430)
The White Standard (juv.)
E. F. Pollard
Joan of Arc (1429-1431)
The Flower of France
Justin Huntly McCar-
thy
Agnes Sorel, mistress of Charles
VII (1431-1450)
Our Lady of Beauty
Lucas Cleeve
The Dauphin Margaret, daughter
of James I of Scotland (1446)
The Ballads of the Dauphine
Madame James Darmes-
teter
Guienne Time of Charles VII
Noemi
S. Baring-Gould
Mediaeval Paris (15th century)
Perronelle
Valentine Hawtrey
Feudalism (1464)
The Countess of Dammartin
Madame James Darmes-
teter
France and Flanders Louis XI
(1468)
*Quentin Durward
Scott
Charles the Bold, Margaret of An-
jou (1474)
*Anne of Geierstein
Scott
Life of the Middle Ages (ca. 1470)
*The Cloister and the Hearth
Charles Reade
Paris (late 15th century)
Notre Dame
Victor Hugo (trans.)
Chevalier de Bayard, Battle of
Ravenna (1512)
Under Bayard's Banner
Henry Frith
836
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
FRANCE continued
Reign of Francis I (ca. 1515-1547)
Reign of Francis I (1518)
Period of Francis I (1520)
Battle of Pavia, sack of Rome,
Bayard (1 523-1 527)
Exploration of Canada
Benvenuto Cellini (1540)
Court life and adventure (ca. 1550)
Jeanne, daughter of Marguerite d'
Angouleme, sister of Francis I
Francis I and Henri II of France
(1521-1574)
Francis I and Henri II of France
(1521-1574)
Geneva in the days of Calvin (ca.
1550-1560)
Diana of Poictiers and Henry II
of France (1558-1559)
The Huguenot conspiracy of Am-
boise (1560)
Charles IX and the eve of St.
Bartholomew (1550-1574)
Catherine de' Medici and her Pol-
icy (ca. 1570)
The Guises and the French Re-
ligious Wars ( 1 562-1 564)
Coligny and the Huguenots (1564-
1568)
St. Bartholomew (1 564-1 574)
Period of 1567-1573
Religious Wars (1558 et seq.)
The third religious war and St.
Bartholomew (1569 1572)
Massacre of St. Bartholomew
(1572)
Massacre of St. Bartholomew
(1572)
Massacre of St. Bartholomew
(1572)
Massacre of St. Bartholomew
(1572)
A Ward of the King
The True Story of White
Rose and the Fair Sibyl
John of Strathbourne
The Constable de Bourbon
Marguerite de Roberval
Ascanio
Under the Rose
The Gage of Red and White
The Two Dianas
The Page of the Duke of Sa-
voy
Under Calvin's Spell
*The Brigand; or, Corse de
Leon
The Traitor's Way
*A Chronicle of the Reign of
Charles IX
*About Catherine de' Medici
A Cardinal and His Con-
science
I *For the Religion )
< *A Man of His Age J
Gaston de Latour
St. Bartholomew's Eve (juv.)
*The Princess of Cleves
The Man at Arms; or, Henri
de Cerons
The House of the Wolf
*Count Hannibal
The Chaplet of Pearls
Marguerite de Valois
Katherine S. Macquoid
Madame J. Darmesteter
R. D. Chetwode
W. Harrison Ainsworth
T. G. Marquis
Dumas (trans.)
Frederic S. Isham
Graham Hope
Dumas (trans.)
Dumas (trans.)
Deborah Alcock
G. P. R. James
S. K. Levett Yeats
Prosper Merimee
(trans.)
Balzac (trans.)
Graham Hope
Hamilton Drummond
Walter Pater
G. A. Henty
Marie de La Fayette
G. P. R. James
Stanley Weyman
Stanley Weyman
Charlotte M. Yonge
Dumas (trans.)
HISTORICAL NOVELS
837
FRANCE continued
SUBJECT
Court of Henry III (1578)
Court of Henry III (1585)
'The Admirable Crichton " (1560-
1585)
France and Poland (1570-1626)
Henry of Guise (1578-1589)
Period of the League (1588-1589)
Life at a ducal court (16th cen-
tury)
Henry of Navarre
Henry of Navarre (1584)
The Three Henries (ca. 1588)
Henry of Navarre
Assassination of 2nd Duke of
Guise and the battle of Ivry
(1589-1590)
Battle of Ivry (1590)
Henry of Navarre
Henry of Navarre
Early pioneers in Florida
Struggles of the League and the
Huguenots (late 16th century)
Religious wars (late 16th century)
Richelieu (1602-1617)
Strolling players (1610-1643)
Richelieu and Anne of Austria
(1625-1628)
Scottish Guard (1634-1637)
Time of Richelieu (ca. 1635)
Time of Richelieu (1637)
Time of Richelieu Conspiracy of
Cinq Mars (1642)
Conspiracy against Richelieu (1642)
Time of Mazarin, Anne of Austria,
and Conde
Mazarin and Madame de Chevreuse
*La Dame de Monsoreau
The Forty-Five
*Crichton
The Lord of Lowedale (juv.)
An Enemy to the King
*A Gentleman of France
The Secret of Narcisse
The King's Henchman )
Under the Spell of the >
Fleur de Lis )
A King's Pawn
Henry of Guise; or, the States
of Blois
Chevalier D'Auriac
One in a Thousand
Rose d'Albret
The Helmet of Navarre
From the Memoirs of a Min-
ister of France
Dominique's Vengeance
In Kings' Byways: Short
Stories
The Abbess of Vlaye
His Heart's Desire
*Captain Fracasse
The Three Musketeers
Arthur Blane; or the Hundred
Cuirassiers
Under the Red Robe
The Man in Black
Richelieu
*Cinq Mars
Marie de Mancini
The Silver Cross
Dumas (trans.)
Dumas (trans.)
Harrison Ainsworth
R. D. Chetwode
Robert N. Stephens
Stanley Weyman
Edmund Gosse
W. H. Johnson
Hamilton Drummond
G. P. R. James
S. Levett Yeats
G. P. R. James
G. P. R. James
Bertha Runkle
Stanley Weyman
E. Everett Green
Stanley J. Weyman
Stanley J. Weyman
Katharine S. Macquoid
Theophile Gautier
Dumas
James Grant
Stanley Weyman
Stanley Weyman
G. P. R. James
A. de Vigny (trans.)
Madame Sophie Gay
(trans.)
S. R. Keightley
838
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
FRANCE continued
SUBJECT
Paris in Mazarin's time and Can-
ada
Plots and Battles of the New
Fronde (ca. 1 642-1 648)
Mazarin and Anne of Austria .(ca.
1642-1655)
Early Louis XIV period
War of the Fronde. Sequel to
"The Chaplet of Pearls" (1648-
1653)
Court intrigues in the days of
Louis XIV (1648)
Regency of Anne of Austria (1648-
1649)
Imprisonment of the Prince de
Conde (1650)
Time of Mazarin
Port Royal (ca. 1650)
Louis XIV and Mazarin's minis-
try (1660-1671)
Turkish Wars (1 663-1 664)
Marquis de Brinvilliers, the poi-
soner (1665 1676)
Protestant religious story of the
reign of Louis XVI (1675)
Louis XIV Old and New World
Louis XIV Old and New World
(ca. 1680)
Old and New Worlds (ca. 1680)
Madame de Maintenon Hugue-
not family
Wars of Turenne
Old Anjou
Towards end of the Louvois Min-
istry (1687)
The Dragonnades (1 683-1 687)
Poitou at time of the Dragonnades
and the Revocation of the Edict
of Nantes (1685)
Last days of the Dragonnades
Henri de Tonti
The Grey Cloak
John Marston Hall
Sister Louise; or the Story of
a Woman's Repentance
Captain Satan
Stray Pearls (juv.)
His Indolence of Arras
Twenty Years After
The War of Women
The Lovers of Yvonne
The Friends of Pascal (juv.)
*The Vicomte de Bragelonne
The Golden Fleece
The Marchioness of Brinvil-
liers
The Preacher and the King
The Refugees
The Black Wolf's Breed
Margot, the Court Shoemak-
er's Child
The King's Signet (juv.)
The Clash of Arms
The Heiress of the Forest
(juv.)
*In the Day of Adversity
Asylum Christi (juv.)
The Huguenot
Jacques Bonneval
A Rose of Normandy
Harold MacGrath
G. P. R. James
G. J. Whyte Melville
Louis Gallet (trans.)
Charlotte M. Yonge
W. J. Eccott
Alexandre Dumas
(trans.)
Alexandre Dumas
Rafael Sabatine
D. Alcock
Alexandre Dumas
Amedee Achard (trans.)
Albert Smith
L. F. Bungener
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
H. Dickson
Millicent E. Mann
Eliza Pollard
J. Bloundelle Burton
Eleanor C. Price
J. Bloundelle Burton
E. Gilliat
G. P. R. James
Anne Manning
William R. A.Wilson
HISTORICAL NOVELS
839
FRANCE continued
SUBJECT
Ireland, Brittany, Paris and Mar-
tinique The slave-market
(i697-699)
Persecution of the Huguenots, and
Jean Cavalier's rising in the
Cevennes (i 702-1 704) .
The Camisards and their leader,
Jean Cavalier (1 702-1 704)
The close of Louis XVI's reign
(1708-1716)
Protestants in the Cevennes at time
of Jean Cavalier and the Cami-
sards Louisiana under Iber-
ville, Crozat, and Cadillac (ca.
1710-1720)
Louis XIV's last days and the
Regency of Orleans
Conspiracy of Cellamare (1718)
Final stages of the conspiracy of
Cellamare (1719)
The Regency (ca. 1720)
The Orleans Regency; the plague
at Marseilles (1 715-1723)
John. Law (1716-1720)
Mississippi scheme (1 705-1 729)
Reign of Louis XV
Time of Mme. de Pompadour
The Court of Versailles, the Peace
of Utrecht, and the Jacobites
(1712-1722)
Maurice Saxe, Adrienne Lecouv-
reur, and Voltaire
Cardinal Fleury the Jesuits
(1727-1729)
Rebellion in Corsica (1735)
Court of Louis XV and the camps
and battlefields of the Low
Countries (1740-17 50)
Versailles, Paris, and Maryland
(1741-1748)
Fontainebleau
Madame de Pompadour (Irish Bri-
gade stories)
Adventure in time of Louis XV
The Singer of Marly
The Scourge of God
Flower o' the Corn
Sylvandire
The Siege of Lady Resolute
Cerise
*Le Chevalier d'Harmenthal
*The Regent's Daughter
From Behind the Arras
Servants of Sin
*The Mississippi Bubble
John Law, the Projector
A Broken Rosary
The Hand of Leonare
SA Kent Squire ?
Gwynett of Thornhaugh J
Francezka
*01ympe de Cleves
King for a Summer
" No. 101 "
The House of Demailly
The Little Huguenot (juv.)
The Last Recruit of Clare's
(juv.)
The Favor of Princes
I. Hooper
J. Bloundelle Burton
S. R. Crockett
Alexandre Dumas
Harris Dickson
G. J. Whyte Melville
Alexandre Dumas
(trans.)
Alexandre Dumas
(trans.)
Mrs. Philip C. de Cres-
pigny
J. Bloundelle Burton
Emerson Hough
W. Harrison Ainsworth
Edward Peple
H. Noel Williams
F. W. Hayes
Molly Elliot Seawell
Dumas (trans.)
E. Pickering
Wymond Carey
Margaret Horton Potter
Max Pemberton
S. R. Keightley
Mark Lee Luther
840
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
FRANCE continued
SUBJECT
The reigns of Madame de Pompa-
dour and Madame de Barry
(1770-1774)
Court life at the close of Louis
XV's reign (1774)
The Diamond Necklace Affair
(1784-1785)
Early Revolutionary forces in
Provincial France
Church and State (1 788-1 789)
Revolutionary period (1789-1815)
Storming of the Bastile (1789)
Hocke, Danton, and Robespierre
(1789-1793)
Valley of the Rhone (1789)
The Marseilles Battalion; the Ter-
ror; and the Royalists in the
South (1792-1815)
The flight, the arrest, and the
death of the King and Queen
(1789-1794)
The Republic before the advent of
Napoleon (1 792-1 793)
Reign of Terror (1 789-1 794)
Reign of Terror (1793)
Aristocrats in captivity (1793)
The Chouans (1 790-1 793)
The American Embassy at Paris
during the Revolution
La Vendee (1793)
Execution of Marie Antoinette
(i793)
The Reign of Terror (1793)
The Rising in La Vendee (1791-
1796)
Guerrilla fighting in La Vendee
(1 791-1796)
Caroline of Denmark and Marie
Antoinette (1772-1793)
Royalists in Paris (1793)
Camille Desmoulins
Memoirs of a Physician
Monsieur de Chauvelin's Will
The Queen's Necklace
*A Romance of Dijon
In Exitu Israel
The Story of a Peasant
Ange Pitou
Robert Tournay
*The Red Cockade
( *The Reds of the Midi )
< *The Terror >
( *The White Terror )
*La Comtesse de Charny
Madame Therese (juv.)
*A Tale of Two Cities
The Woman with the Velvet
Necklace
A Girl of the Multitude
(Eglee)
The Little Saint of God
Calvert of Strathore
*Ninety-three
Chevalier de Maison Rouge
The Year One
No Surrender (juv.)
Foes of the Red Cockade
(juv.)
Two Queens
An Episode of the Terror
Crowned with the Immortals
Dumas (trans.)
Dumas (trans.)
Dumas (trans.)
M. Betham Edwards
S. Baring-Gould
E. Erckmann and A.
Chatrian
Dumas (trans.)
William Sage
Stanley J. Weyman
Felix Gras (trans.)
Dumas (trans.)
Erckmann and Chatrian
Dickens
Dumas (trans.)
W. H. Trowbridge
Lady Fairlie Cunning-
ham
Carter Goodloe
Victor Hugo
Dumas (trans.)
J. Bloundelle Burton
G. A. Henty
F. S. Brereton
J. G. L. Hesekiel
H. de Balzac
Mrs. Hylton Dale
HISTORICAL NOVELS
841
FRANCE continued
SUBJECT
The Terror
Adventures of a Westminster boy
The Reign of Terror (1793)
Art student in the Terror (1793)
Cascony (1793)
Paris, Charlotte Corday, and the
Luxembourg (1792-1793)
Battle of Jersey and the French
Revolution (1781-1815)
Marat, Robespierre and Camille
Desmouhns
Paris during the Terror (1777-
1793)
Normandy time of Charlotte Cor-
day
Danton's career
The Terror
England, Bury St. Edmunds, and
France
The Terror Batz conspiracy
Robespierre (1794)
Son of Louis XVI (1795-1815)
The Dauphin (Louis XVII)
The Dauphin (Louis XVII)
Rise of Napoleon (1 793-1799)
Royalist Conspiracy under the Con-
sulate
Royalist struggle in Brittany
(1799-1800)
Royalist insurrection in Vendee and
Brittany (1799-1800)
Napoleon and Josephine
Georges Cadoudal and the Breton
peasantry's conspiracy against
Napoleon (1 803-1 804)
Napoleon and a Parisian actress
(1804)
Napoleonic schemes for Invasion
of England
Nicole
In the Reign of Terror (juv.)
In the Lion's Mouth (juv.)
*The Atelier du Lys
On the Edge of the Storm
Citoyenne Jacqueline
The Battle of the Strong
Mademoiselle Mathilde
The Adventures of Francois
Founder
The Dream Charlotte
A Storm-Rent Sky
The Adventures of the Comte
la Muette
Our Lady of Darkness
The Red Shirts
*At the Sign of the Guillotine
*Lazarre
The Shadow of a Throne
A Castle in Spain
The Whites and the Blues
The Adventures of a Gold-
smith
*The Chouans
The Companions of Jehu
Romance of the First Consul
General George
The Fortunes of Fifi
Uncle Bemac
Owen Johnson
G. A. Henty
Eleanor C. Price
Margaret Roberts
Margaret Roberts
Sarah Tytler
Gilbert Parker
Henry Kingsley
S. Weir Mitchell
M. Betham Edwards
M. Betham Edwards
Bernard Capes
Bernard Capes
Paul Gaulot (trans.)
Harold Spender
Mary Hartwell Cather-
wood
F. W. Hayes
Bernard Capes
Alexandre Dumas
(trans.)
M. H. Bourchier
Balzac (trans.)
Alexandre Dumas
(trans.)
Mathilda Mailing
(trans.)
Moreton Hall
M. E. Seawell
Sir A. Conan Doyle
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
FRANCE continued
SUBJECT
Fouche, etc. (1806-
Napoleon,
1815)
Westphalia under Jerome Bona-
parte (1807-1813)
French Wars, Consulate and Em-
pire (1783-1812)
Napoleonic Wars, the French at-
tempt in Ireland (1 793-1809)
Time of Napoleon
Time of Napoleon
Places and manners in Auvergne
(1804)
The Chouans and Georges Cadou--
dal (1804-1814)
Invasion of Tyrol (1809)
Russian campaign (1 805-1 820)
Madame Walewska's self-abandon-
ment to Napoleon for her coun-
try's sake (1806-1812)
Joseph Bonaparte's usurpation of
the throne of Spain (1808-1813)
Peninsular War (1808-18 10)
Anjou and contemporary politics
(1811)
Napoleon's Russian campaign
Napoleon's Russian campaign
Napoleon and his time
Napoleonic Wars
Napoleon's Russian campaign
Jean Lafitte and Napoleon
Napoleon's Russian campaign (181 2)
Mecklenburg during French occu-
pation (1813)
Napoleon and his time
Invasion of France by the Allies
Napoleon at Elba
A Boy of the First Empire
(juv.)
Love and Honour
Tom Burke of " Ours "
Maurice Tiernay, the Soldier
of Fortune
A Prisoner of War (juv.)
The Island of the English
Madeleine; a Tale of
Auvergne
The House of the Combrays
( With the Red Eagle )
I A Red Bridal (sequel) J
*War and Peace
Napoleon's Love Story
The King's Revoke
Dona Ysabel
Angelot
Kenneth (juv.)
Through Russian Snows (juv.)
Face to Face With Napo- )
leon (juv.) I
In the Year of Water- f
loo (juv.) )
I!
Exploits of Brigadier
Gerard
The Adventures of Gerard
Barlasch of the Guard
Lafitte of Louisiana
Moscow
In the Year '13
The Conscript
The Blockade
Vengeance is Mine
AUTHOR
Elbridge S. Brooks
M. E. Carr
Charles Lever
Charles Lever
G. Norway
Frank Cowper
Julia Kavanagh
G. Le Notre
William Westall
Count L. Tolstoy
(trans.)
Waclaw Gasiorowski
Margaret L Woods
Mathilda Mailing
(trans.)
Eleanor C. Price
Charlotte M. Yonge
G. A. Henty
O. V. Caine
Sir A. Conan Doyle
Henry Seton Merriman
Mary Devereu
Fred Whishaw
Frit* Reuter
Erckmann and Chatrian
(trans.)
Erckmann and Chatrian
(trans.)
Andrew Balfour
HISTORICAL NOVELS
843
FRANCE continued
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
Napoleon at Elba
Grantley Fenton
M. M. Blake
The Hundred Days (1815)
*The Shadow of the Sword
R. Buchanan
Battle of Waterloo (1815)
Waterloo
Erckmann and Chatrian
(trans.)
Waterloo
*The Great Shadow
Sir A. Conan Doyle
Waterloo (1815)
*Les Miserables
Victor Hugo (trans.)
Napoleon's return (1815)
The Hundred Days
Max Pemberton
Duchesse de Berri (1 831-1832)
The She Wolves of Machecoul
Alexandre Dumas
(trans.)
Duchesse de Berri ( 183 1 1832)
The Fiery Dawn
M. E. Coleridge
Society under Louis Philippe
Madelon
Edmond About
Revolution of 1848
Journeyman Love
Maud Stepney Rawson
Louis Philippe and Napoleon III
(1848-1868)
Ishmael
M. E. Braddon
Revolution of 1848
A Man of the People (juv.)
Erckmann and Chatrian
The court life of Louis Philippe
and the sanguinary events of the
Third Revolution (1848)
A Romance of the Tuileries
Francis Grible
The Coup d' Etat (1848)
The Mysteries of Marseilles
Emile Zola
The Dauphin, Louis XVII (1849-
1850)
*The Last Hope
H. Seton Merriman
Effect of the Revolution of 1848 on
The Fortunes of the Rougons
Emile Zola
the provinces
After the Coup d'etat of 1848
*The Conquest of Plassans
Emile Zola
Eugene Rouher
*His Excellency
Emile Zola
Contrasts the old-fashioned noblesse
with the bourgeois
Mile, de la Seigliere
Jules Saudean
Manners and morals in mid-ioth
century Paris
The Sentimental Education
Gustave Flaubert
War with Algiers (1871)
A Campaign in Kabylia
Erckmann and Chatrian
Napoleon III
The Member for Paris
E. C. Grenville Murray
Corsica (1 858-1870)
The Isle of Unrest
H. S. Merriman
Franco-German War from the
standpoint of the ceded Prov-
inces (1870-1871)
Story of the Plebiscite (juv.)
Erckmann and Chatrian
(trans.)
The Commune (1870-1871)
The Dayspring
W. Barry
The Commune
The Parisians
Lytton
The Franco-German War and The
Commune (1870-1871)
The Maids of Paradise
Robert W. Chambers
Franco-German War
Lorraine
Robert W. Chambers
844
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
FRANCE continued
SUBJECT
Franco-German War Worth
and Strassburg
Siege of Strassburg (1871)
Wissembourg and Worth
Mars la Tour, Gravelotte, and other
battlefields in the Franco-German
War
Franco-Prussian War
Franco-German War Sedan and
Paris
Sedan
Metz and Sedan
Crown Prince of Germany-
Paris Escape of the Empress
The Commune
Siege of Paris
Franco-German War
Franco-Prussian War (1 870-1 871)
Paris life during the Siege
Franco-German War and the siege
of Paris
Life in the provinces during Fran-
co-Prussian War
Brittany and the Franco-Prussian
War
A tale of two sieges of Paris
Paris Commune
Algerian war (1871)
The Garden of Swords
Max Kromer (juv.)
The Castle of the White Flag
(juv.)
John of Gerisau
The Young Franc-Tireurs
(juv.)
"The Downfall
Valentin
"The Disaster
The Crimson Wing
Ashes of Empire
'The Commune
Robert Helmont
The Attack on the Mill; and
other Sketches of War
Under the War Clouds (juv.)
Workman and Soldier (juv.)
Under the Iron Flail
Iseulte
The White Month
A Woman of the Commune
(juv.)
The Red Republic
A Modern Legionary
Max Pemberton
Hesba Stretton
Evelyn Everett Green
John Oxenham
G. A. Henty
Emile Zola
Henry Kingsley
Paul and Victor Mar-
gueritte
H. C. Chatfield Taylor
Robert W. Chambers
Paul and Victor Mar-
gueritte
Alphonse Daudet
Emile Zola
Eliza F. Pollard
J. Cobb
John Oxenham
C. L. H. Dempster
Frances M. Peard
G. A. Henty
Robert W. Chambers
John Patrick Le Poer
ENGLAND
Beowulf; Arthur and the Round
Table; Treasure of the Nibelungs
(Legendary)
Roman invasion; Boadicea; Burning
of Rome (ca. 60-70 a.d.)
Druids and Romans (middle 2nd
century)
Heroes of Chivalry and Ro-
mance (juv.)
Beric, the Briton (juv.)
One Traveller Returns
A. J. Church
G. A. Henty
David Christie Murray
and Henry Herman
HISTORICAL NOVELS
845
ENGLAND continued
SUBJECT
Early Christianity in Britain (2nd
century)
Early Christianity in Britain
3rd century
A tale of the tenth persecution in
Britain (3rd century)
A tale of the Roman British Church
(3rd century)
Rome and Britain (3rd century)
Roman occupation of Britain (4th
century)
Evacuation of Britain by the Ro-
mans (306451 A.D.)
King Arthur's father and mother
(ca. 490 A.D.)
Arthurian legends
Briton and Angle in the days of
the Saxon conquest of Deira
(Yorkshire) (ca. 547)
Mission of St. Augustine (597 A.D.)
Old Grimsby and Lincoln (6th cen-
tury)
The conversion of the Surrey Bor-
der in the time of Ethelbert
Edwin of Northumbria (the Bret-
walda), the introduction of Chris-
tianity into Deira, the coming of
Augustine (ca. 600-630 a.d.)
Early 7th century
Conversion of the early Saxons
The conversion of Northumbria (7th
century)
The times of St. Aidan (636-651
a.d.)
The Saxons in the Isle of Wight
Days of the Heptarchy (ca. 792
A.D.)
Viking raids (middle 9th century)
The Vikings (middle 9th century)
Edmund the Martyr (9th century)
Alfred's boyhood
Daybreak in Britain (juv.)
Edol the Druid (juv.)
The Romans in Britain (juv.)
The Camp on the Severn
The Villa of Claudi
No. XIII; or, The Story of
the Lost Vestal
A Duke of Britain
The Count of the Saxon
Shore (juv.)
Uther and Igraine
The Story of King Arthur
and his Knights (juv.)
Builders of the Waste
Imogene (juv.)
Havelock, the Dane (juv.)
The Shaven Crown (juv.)
The Paladins of Edwin the
Great (juv.)
Sketches of Christian Life in
England in the Olden
Time
St. Cedd's Cross (juv.)
The Son of ylla (juv.)
A Scholar of Lindisfarne
(juv.)
Caed walla (juv.)
A King's Comrade (juv.)
A Thane of Wessex (juv.)
The Thrall of Leif the Lucky
The Wooing of Osyth (juv.)
The King's Sons (juv.)
O. E.
W. H. G. Kingston
Mrs. Jerome Mercier
A. D. Crake
E. L. Cutts
Emma Marshall
Sir H. Maxwell
A. J. Church and
R. Putnam
Warwick. Deeping
Howard Pyle
Thorpe Forre
Emily S. Holt
C. W. Whistler
M. Bramston
Sir Clements R. Mark-
ham
Elizabeth Charles
E. L. Cutts
Gertrude Hollis
Gertrude Hollis
Frank Cowper
C. W. Whistler
C. W. Whistler
Ottilie A. Liljencrantz
Kate T. Sizer
G. Manville Fenn
846
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
ENGLAND continued
Alfred's boyhood, St. Boniface, etc.
A Story of Saga the Dane (871-
878 A.D.)
Alfred's fights with the Danes in
Wessex and elsewhere
Edward Atheling, Siege of Roches-
ter, and the refounding of London
(885 A.D.)
Saxon and Dane (871901)
First English Fleet
Winchester, the Danes, etc.
Alfred and his times (ca. 871896
A.D.)
Early British Christians
King Alfred's times
The Danes
The Northmen (913-945 a.d.)
Dunstan (955-958 a.d.)
The times of Dunstan
Saxon slavery in Sherwood Forest
(late 10th century)
Her brave defence of Corfe Castle
Last struggle of British against
Danes (early nth century)
Danes in East Anglia
Danes in Wessex; Canute (ca.
1016)
Edmund Ironside and Canute
Edward the Confessor (middle Ilth
century)
The Norman Conquest (ca. 1066)
The Norman Conquest (ca. 1066)
The Norman Conquest (ca. 1066)
The Norman Conquest (ca. 1066)
The Norman Conquest (1070)
The Norman Conquest (1066 1099)
Annals of an Anglo-Saxon
Family (juv.)
In Alfred's Days (juv.)
Hastings the Pirate (juv.)
*God Save King Alfred
The Dragon and the Raven
(juv.)
King Alfred's Viking (juv.)
A Hero King
A Lion of Wessex
Glastonbury (juv.)
Twixt Daydawn and Light
(juv.)
The Black Danes (juv.)
*Thorstein of the Mere: a Saga
of the Northmen in Lake-
land
Edwy the Fair
The Sins of a Saint (juv.)
The Wages of Battle
Brave Dame Mary (juv.)
King Olaf's Kinsman
Wulfric the Weapon Thane
*Alfgar the Dane
The Ward of King Canute
Edward the Exile
Hereward the Wake
Harold; or the last of the
Saxon Kings
William the Conqueror
Wulf the Saxon
The Camp of Refuge
The Rival Heirs
Elizabeth Charles
Paul Creswick
Paul Creswick
E. Gilliat
G. A. Henty
C. W. Whistler
Eliza F. Pollard
Tom Bevan
Mrs. A. Payne
Gordon Stables
Anonymous
W. G. Collingwood
A. D. Crake
J. R. Aitken
W. H. Herbert
Anonymous
C. W. Whistler
C. W. Whistler
A. D. Crake
Ottilie A. Liljencrantz
Mary M. Davidson
Charles Kingsley
Lytton
Sir Charles Napier
G. A. Henty
Charles Macfarlane
A. D. Crake
HISTORICAL NOVELS
847
ENGLAND continued
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
The last struggle against the Con-
queror (1073 1096)
The Siege of Norwich Castle
(juv.)
M. M. Blake
1087-1100
Rufus; or the Red King
J. Gregor Grant
Reign of William Rufus (ca. 1100)
In the Days of St. Anselm
Gertrude Hollis
The England of William Rufus (ca.
1 1 00)
Count Robert of Paris
Sir Walter Scott
End of reign of William Rufus
(1100)
The Red King's Burial (juv.)
H. Cadwallader Adams
The Norman Kings (1 100 1 135)
Pabo, the Priest
S. Baring Gould
Social conditions in the time of
Stephen (1136)
The Serf
C. Ranger Gull
Wars of Stephen and Matilda;
excellent description of the anti-
Jewish outbreak at Norwich
(1137-1146)
For King or Empress (juv.)
C. W. Whistler
Period of Stephen
The Knight of the Golden
Chain (juv.)
R. D. Chetwode
Wars of Stephen and Matilda
(1137-1158)
A Legend of Reading Abbey
Charles Macfarlane
Wallingford Castle (middle 12th
century)
Brian Fitzcourt
A. D. Crake
Convent life (middle 12th century)
Westminster Cloisters
M. Bidder
Plantagenet Period
Court Life under the Plan-
tagenets
Hubert Hall
Henry II, Hugh of Lincoln, Robin
Hood, and Clym of the Clough
(1 1861200)
Forest Outlaws (juv.)
E. Gilliat
Henry II Wales (1187)
The Betrothed
Sir Walter Scott
Thomas a Becket
*Der Heilige
C. F. Meyer
Henry II, Richard I, and Robin
Hood
*Maid Marian
Thomas Love Peacock
Richard as Prince and King
Europe and the East (1188-1199)
*The Life and Death of
Richard Yea-and-Nay
Maurice Hewlett
Richard I Yorkshire and Leices-
tershire (1194)
*Ivanhoe
Scott
Crusades
With Richard the Fearless:
a tale of the Red Crusade
(juv.)
Paul Creswick
The Third Crusade
Lady Sybil's Choice (juv.)
Emily S. Holt
Rosamond and Becket (late 12th
century)
The Lady and the Priest
Mrs. Maberley
The Third Crusade
Brothers in Arms (juv.)
F. B. Harrison
The Third Crusade
Sir Geoffrey de Skeffington
Bryan W. Ward
Reign of Henry II (late 12th cen-
tury)
Fair Rosamond
Thomas Miller
848
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
ENGLAND continued
Londoners against their Norman
oppressors (1192-1196)
Richard I Robin Hood (1192)
Time of John Robin Hood
Manners, customs, dress, life, and
ideas of the 12th and 13th cen-
turies
Time of John Papal Interdict
(1208 1212)
Monastic life in the time of King
John
Time of John the Charter (1215-
1218)
The Great Charter
Sherwood Forest (ca. 1200)
Sherwood Forest
Robin Hood days
Robin Hood
Robin Hood
Robin Hood
Robin Hood
Period of Henry III (1224 1227)
Period of Henry III Hampshire
and France
The days of Roger Bacon (middle
1 2th century)
Prince Edward Simon de Montfort;
the Barons' Wars, and the Welsh
marches (1262)
The Barons' Wars (1264 1265)
The Barons' Wars (1264-1265)
The Barons' Wars (12641265)
Oxford, Kenilworth, Battle of
Lewes (1264)
Kenilworth in the time of the Ba-
rons' Wars
Longbeard; or, the Revolt of
the Saxons
In Lincoln Green (juv.)
Wolf's Head (juv.)
*The Forest Lovers
Royston Gower
Uncanonized
Runnymede and Lincoln Fair
Spurs and Bride (juv.)
Robin Hood, Romance of the
English Forest
Robin Hood; or, The Merry
Men of Sherwood Forest
The Boy Foresters (juv.)
The Romantic History of
Robin Hood
The Life and Adventures of
Robin Hood
Merry Adventures of Robin
Hood (juv.)
Robin Hood and his Adven-
tures (juv.)
The Robber Baron of Bedford
Castle
A Stout English Bowman
(juv.)
John o' London
The Forest Prince
The Adventures of Humfrey
Chatteris (juv.)
The House of Walderne
(juv.)
How I Won My Spurs
*A Clerk of Oxford
Princess Adelaide (juv.)
Charles Mackay
E. Gilliat
E. Gilliat
Maurice Hewlett
Thomas Miller
Margaret H. Potter
J. G. Edgar
Gertrude Hollis
A. Alexander
Pierce Egan the
Younger
Anne Bowman
Barry Pain
John B. Marsh
Howard Pyle
Paul Creswick
A. J. Foster and E. E.
Cuthell
E. A. Pickering
S. Gibney
Bryan W. Ward
Sheila E. Braine
A. D. Crake
J. G. Edgar
E. Everett Green
Emily S. Holt
HISTORICAL NOVELS
84.9
ENGLAND continued
Henry III, De Montfort, Robin
Hood (1265)
Henry III and the 8th Crusade
Hubert de Burgh
Reign of Edward I (1273)
Welsh Wars (1275)
Welsh wars
Edward I's children
Edward II Edward III
Period of Edward III Welsh
border warfare
Crecy, Poictiers, and Calais
Cregy and Poictiers
Invasion of France and Battle of
Cregy (1346)
The Black Prince
Black Prince, Van Artevelde, and
Manny (1347)
Edward Ill's time Black Death
(ca. 1348-1350)
Black Prince in Spain (middle 14th
century)
Black Prince in Spain
Time of Edward III
Edward III Winchelsea and Rye
(ca. 1377)
Sir John Chandos and other knights
in England, France, and Spain
Philippa de Rouet, Chaucer's wife,
and her sister, the wife of John
of Gaunt (ca. 1360-1396)
Peasant Revolt (1379-1385)
Peasant Revolt Kent, Wat Tyler,
and Chaucer (1380)
The Black Death and the Peasants'
Revolt (1381)
Peasant Revolt in Herts and Essex
(1381)
Richard II, Will Langland, Chaucer,
Wat Tyler, and the Peasant Re-
volt leaders (1381)
Forest Days
"The Prince and the Page
(juv.)
The Constable's Tower
The Merchant and the Friar
*The King's Reeve (juv.)
The Lord of Dyneover (juv.)
My Lady Joanna (juv.)
In the Shadow of the Crown
The Countess Alys (in " New
Canterbury Tales ")
In the Days of Chivalry (juv.)
St. George for England (juv.)
With the Black Prince
Cregy and Poictiers
Hugh the Messenger
The Gathering of Brother
Hilarius
The Lances of Lynwood
Agenor De Mauleon
God, the King, my Brother
(juv.)
God Save England I
Eric the Archer (juv.)
In Chaucer's Maytime
Robert Annys, Poor Prit
John Standish
Red Dickon the Outlaw (juv.)
The Banner of St. George
Long Will
G. P. R. James
Charlotte M. Yonge
Charlotte M. Yonge
Sir Thomas T. Palgrave
E. Gilliat
E. Everett Green
E. Everett Green
M. Bidder
Maurice Hewlett
E. Everett Green
G. A. Henty
W. O. Stoddard
J. G. Edgar
Gertrude Hollis
Michael Fairless
Charlotte M. Yonge
Dumas (trans.)
Mary F. Nixon Roulet
F. Breton
Maurice H. Hervey
Emily Richings
Annie Nathan Meyer
E. Gilliat
Tom Bevan
M. Bramston
Florence Converse
850
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
ENGLAND continued
SUBJECT
Peasants' Revolt (1381)
Peasants' Revolt (1381)
Black Prince, Du Guesclin, and
Chandos (1385)
Peasant Revolt and Flanders
Battle of Otterbourne (1388)
Struggles on the Welsh and Scotch
Borders (14001425)
Welsh rebellion against Henry IV:
Hotspur, Glendower, and Morti-
mer (1400)
The days of Prince Hal
Henry IV to Henry V Lyndhurst
District and Winchester
Sir John Oldcastle
Falstaff and Agincourt (1413-1415)
Henry V (1413-1415)
The White Hoods of Paris (1415)
Henry V and the Princess Cath-
erine of France (1417)
Bohemia, Prague, Burgstein, and
England (1422-1432)
Sisters of James II of Scotland
Wars of the Roses (1422-1435)
A Canterbury pilgrimage in the
time of Jack Cade's rebellion
(1450)
Wars of the Roses The King-
maker, Charles the Bold, etc.
(1467)
Wars of the Roses Richard of
Gloucester (ca. 1471)
Struggle of Lancaster and York
Wars of the Roses Richard of
Gloucester
Wars of the Roses - Tewkesbury
Prince Edward, son of Henry VI
(1459-1485)
Edward IV and Warwick the King-
maker and the battle of Barnet
(1467-1471)
The Mediation of Ralph Har-
delot
The Dream of John Ball
*The White Company
A March on London (juv.)
Otterbourne
Both Sides of the Border
Cambria's Chieftain (juv.)
*Every Inch a King
In the Days of Prince Hal
A Champion of the Faith
Coronation
Agincourt
At Agincourt (juv.)
When Spurs were Gold (juv.)
The Cardinal's Page
Two Penniless Princesses
(juv.)
The Old English Baron
*Brazenhead the Great
Grisly Grissell
The Black Arrow (juv.)
The Wars of the Roses (juv.)
How Dickon Came by His
Name (in " The Deserter
and other Stories ")
Where Avon Into Severn
Flows (in " The Deserter
and other Stories ")
In the Wars of the Roses
The Last of the Barons
William Minto
William Morris
Sir A. Conan Doyle
G. A. Henty
Edward Duros
G. A. Henty
Evelyn Everett Green
Josephine C. Sawyer
H. Erlington
J. M, Callwell
Bernard Hamilton
G. P. R. James
G. A. Henty
Russell M. Gamier
James Baker
Charlotte M. Yonge
Clara Reeve
Maurice Hewlett
Charlotte M. Yonge
Robert Louis Stevenson
J. G. Edgar
Harold Frederic
Harold Frederic
Eveleyn Everett Green
Lytton
HISTORICAL NOVELS
851
ENGLAND continued
SUBJECT
Wars of the Roses
Wars of the Roses
Margaret of Anjou
Margaret of Anjou
Wars of the Roses
Wars of the Roses
Wars of the Roses
Battle of Tewkesbury (1471-1485)
London, Wales, Brecknock Castle
Battle of Bosworth (1483-1485)
Richard III Henry VII
Time of Henry VII Carisbrooke
Castle (1488)
Time of Henry VII Shrewsbury
Last years of Henry VII; with
Henry VIII as Prince of Wales
The rising of Perkin Warbeck
.(1492-1499)
Northumberland and the Border in
reigns of Henry VII-VIII (1497-
1513)
Time of Wolsey Field of the
Cloth of Gold (1519)
Early years of reign of Henry VIII
up to Fall of Wolsey
Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk
and Mary Tudor
Mary Tudor and Charles Brandon,
Duke of Suffolk
Wolsey, Cranmer, etc. (1527)
More and Erasmus (1522-1535)
The dawn of Protestantism; Can-
terbury
Anne Boleyn
Wolsey, Anne Boleyn, and Jane
Seymour (1 529-1 536)
Anne Boleyn and Wolsey (1529-
1543)
In Steel and Leather
White Wyvill and Red Ruth-
ven (juv.)
A Stormy Life
For the Red Rose (juv.)
The Chantrey Priest of
Barnet (juv.)
Red and White (juv.)
The Queen's Man (juv.)
Malvern Chase
Red Rose and White
The Woodman
Perkin Warbeck
The Captain of the Wight
Wild Humphry Kynaston
*The Heir of Hascombe Hall
(juv.)
A Trusty Rebel (juv.)
The Arrow of the North
"Darnley
The Armourer's Prentices
(juv.)
"When Knighthood Was in
Flower
The White Oueen
Westminster Abbey
The Household of Sir Thomas
More
Tonford Manor: a pre-Refor-
mation Story
My Friend Anne (juv.)
Windsor Castle
Defender of the Faith
R. H. Forster
Eveleyn Everett Green
Lady Georgiana Fuller-
ton
Eliza F. Pollard
A. J. Church
Emily S. Holt
Eleanor C. Price
W. S. Symonds
Alfred Armitage
G. P. R. James
Mary Shelley
Frank Cowper
H. Hudson
Eveleyn Everett Green
Mrs. H. Clarke
R. H. Forster
G. P. R. James
Charlotte M. Yonge
Charles Major
Russell M. Gamier
Emma Robinson
Anne Manning
Sardius Hancock
Jessie Armstrong
W. Harrison Ainsworth
Frank Mathew
852
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
ENGLAND continued
SUBJECT
Tyndal, Cardinal de la Pole, early
years of the Reformation
Destruction of the Monasteries
dS36)
More, Fisher, and Cromwell (ca.
IS35-I539)
Thomas Cromwell
Wolsey (1535)
Pilgrimage of Grace in Lincolnshire
(1536)
Destruction of the Monasteries
(1539)
The Marriage of Anne of Cleves
(i539)
Cornwall in the reign of Henry
VIII, Edward VI, and Mary
O539-1558)
1 543-1 547
1546
1546-1547
Edward VI as prince and king
Ket's Rebellion (1549)
Fall of the Protector Somerset
(1549-1552)
Edward VI and Mary
Edward VI and Mary
Lady Jane Grey (i537-554)
Prelude to Mary's reign (1553)
Lady Jane Grey
Wyatt's Attack on London
Persecutions under Mary (1553-
IS58)
Persecutions under Mary (1553-
1559)
The marriage of Philip of Spain
and Mary (1554)
Times of Mary (1555-1558)
The wife of Cranmer
Robert Aske (juv.)
Like a Rasen Fiddler
The King's Achievement
The House of the Wizard
(juv.)
The Last Foray
Dorothy Dymoke (juv.)
The Last Abbot of Glaston-
bury
The Fifth Queen
Pendower
Henry VIII and His Court;
or, Catherine Parr
Passages in the Life of the
Faire Gospeller, Anne As-
kew (juv.)
Lettice Eden; Tale of Last
Days of Henry VIII (juv.)
*The Prince and the Pauper
The Maid of London Bridge
The Constable of the Tower
Seething Days (juv.)
The Colloquies of Edward
Osborne
The Tower of London
The Royal Sisters
A Queen of Nine Days (juv.)
I Crown Thee King
The Protestant
Lest We Forget
Cardinal Pole
The Story of Francis Cludde
A Noble Wife
Eliza F. Pollard
Mary E. Shipley
Robert Hugh Benson
M. Imlay Taylor
R. H. Forster
E. Gilliat
A. D. Crake
Ford Madox Hueffer
Marianne Filleul
Louise Muhlbach
(trans.)
Anne Manning
Emily S. Holt
Mark Twain
S. Gibney
W. Harrison Ainsworth
Caroline C. Holroyd
Anne Manning
Harrison Ainsworth
Frank Mathew
Edith C. Kenyon
Max Pemberton
Anna Eliza Bray
Joseph Hocking
W. Harrison Ainsworth
Stanley Weyman
John Saunders
HISTORICAL NOVELS
853
ENGLAND continued
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
Reigns of Mary and Elizabeth
England's Elizabeth: Mem-
ories of Matthew Bedale
E. A. Parry
The girlhood of Elizabeth
Tower or Throne (juv.)
Harriet T. Comstock
End of Mary's reign and beginning
of Elizabeth's
*The Mischief of a Glove
Mrs. Philip Champion
de Crespigny
Old Liverpool and the siege of
Havre (1562)
Willoughby Manor
George Norway
Elizabeth and Leicester (iS7S)
*Kenilworth
Sir Walter Scott
Reign of Elizabeth
Sweet Dol of Haddon Hall
J. E. Muddock
Time of Elizabeth
Dorothy Vernon of Haddon
Hall
Charles Major
Religious intrigues in early part of
reign of Elizabeth
The Black Familiars
L. B. Walford
Drake's early voyages to the West
Indies, action at Nombre de Dios,
burning of Porto Bello and first
sight of the Pacific (i557-i573)
At Sea under Drake (juv.)
C. H. Eden
Drake's third voyage to Darien, and
the attack on Nombre de Dios
(IS72-I573)
Hurrah for the Spanish Main!
(juv.)
Robert Leighton
The Spanish Main and Eldorado
The Splendid Knight (juv.)
H. A. Hinkson
Sir Francis Drake (1572-1586)
Under Drake's Flag (juv.)
G. A. Henty
Sir Francis Drake (ca. 1 572-1 588)
Drake and his Yeomen
James Barnes
Cambridge and West Indies
Drake
For God and Gold
Julian Corbett
Reign of Elizabeth (1571-1606)
The Knight of the Needle
Rock and his Days
Mary J. Wilson
England and Holland (1574)
Sons of Adversity
L. Cope Cornford
A Huguenot in Jersey and at the
English Court
A Ladder of Swords: a tale
of Love, Laughter and
Tears
Gilbert Parker
The Armada and the Spanish Main
(1575-1588)
Westward Ho!
Charles Kingsley
The Devonshire Tinneries
Guavas the Tinner
S. Baring-Gould
Sir Philip Sidney (1581-1590)
Penshurst Castle (juv.)
Emma Marshall
Time of Sir Philip Sidney
A Gentleman of England
(juv.)
Eliza F. Pollard
Sir Philip Sidney's sister, the
Countes of Pembroke, and her
family
His Most Dear Ladye (juv.)
Beatrice Marshall
The Spanish Main (1 583-1 585)
Sir Mortimer
Mary Johnston
Mary Queen of Scots
One Queen Triumphant
Frank Mathew
Mary Queen of Scot's captivity in
England (1 568-1 597)
Unknown to History
Charlotte M. Yonge
854
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
ENGLAND continued
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
The Freeing of the Netherlands
(1585-1604)
By England's Aid (juv.)
G. A. Henty
War with Spain and the Civil War
(i574- 1658)
Stories of the Wars (juv.)
J. Tillotson
England and Ireland and the Ar-
mada
*Sir Ludar (juv.)
Talbot Baines Reed
The Spanish Armada (1588)
Clare Avery (juv.)
Emily S. Holt
Sir Richard Grenville and Raleigh
(1590
The Golden Galleon
R. Leighton
Elizabethan London
*Captain Ravenshaw
Robert N. Stephens
Shakespeare Warwickshire and
London (1596)
Master Skylark
John Bennett
England and Scotland (1596)
Court Cards: chiefly the
Knave of Hearts
Austin Clare
Warwickshire at the close of the
Elizabethan Age
The Spanish Poniard
T. A. Pinkerton
Shakespeare (1601)
A Gentleman Player
Robert N. Stephens
London and neighborhood (1604)
*The Fortunes of Nigel
Sir Walter Scott
Witchcraft at Lancaster (161 2)
*The Lancashire Witches
W. Harrison Ainsworth
Trial of Sir James Mompesson
(1621)
The Star Chamber
W. Harrison Ainsworlh
Peak of Derbyshire
The Black Tor (juv.)
G. Manville Fenn
Princess Elizabeth and Prince
Henry (1602-1613)
The Young Queen of Hearts
(juv.)
Emma Marshall
Time of James I (1603-1615)
*In The Days of King James
S. H. Burchell
Arabella Stuart (1578-1615)
Romance of the Lady Arbell
Mrs. F. T. Marryat
Arabella Stuart and William Sey-
mour (1603-1615)
Arabella Stuart
G. P. R. James
The Gunpowder Plot (1605)
Guy Fawkes
W. Harrison Ainsworth
The Gunpowder Plot
Father Darcy (juv.)
Anne Marsh
The Gunpowder Plot
The Lost Treasure of Trevlyn
(juv.)
Evelyn Everett Green
Stratford-on-Avon (ca. 1612)
Judith Shakespeare
William Black
The Duke of Buckingham (1624-
1628)
*The Duke's Servants
S. H. Burchell
George Herbert (1613-1633)
"Under Salisbury Spire (juv.)
Emma Marshall
Earlier years of Charles I
Whitehall
Emma Robinson
Draining of the Fens by Cornelius
Vermuyden (1627)
The MS. in the Red Box
John Arthur Hamilton
Earlier years of Charles I
In High Places
May E. Braddon
Bishop Hall of Exeter and Nor-
wich (1637-1656)
Winifrede's Journal
Emma Marshall
HISTORICAL NOVELS
855
ENGLAND continued
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
Lord Strafford (1639)
Anthony Everton (juv.)
J. S. Fletcher
Van Dyck (1620-1642)
Old Blackfriars
Beatrice Marshall
The Civil War Naseby and the
Storming of Bristol (1636-1645)
The Dogs of War (juv.)
Edgar Pickering
Strafford (1640-1645)
The Love of Comrades
Frank Mathew
Earlier stages of the Civil War
With the King at Oxford
A. J. Church
England and Ireland in Charles I-
Cromwell period Earl of Or-
mond ( 1 633-1 649)
Dauntless
Ewan Martin
Thomas, Lord Fairfax (1641-1644)
The Siege of York (juv.)
Beatrice Marshall
Charles I, Cromwell, and William
Armstrong (1641-1645)
Over the Border
Robert Barr
In the service of the Charleses (ca.
1641-1660)
Silk and Steel
H. A. Hinkson
Parliamentarian Cambridge (1642)
The Lady of Loyalty House
Justin Huntly Mc-
Carthy
Early stages of the Civil War
(1642)
Arrah Neil
G. P. R. James
Two sieges of Hull the Protec-
torate and Charles II (1 640-1 678)
Andrew Marvel and his
Friends (juv.)
Marie Hall
Battle of Edgehill (1642)
*Hugh Gwyeth
Beulah Marie Dix
The Civil War the campaign in
Cornwall (1642-1643)
*The Splendid Spur
A. T. Quiller Couch
The Civil War (1 642-1 644)
Mistress Spitfire
J. S. Fletcher
Civil War: Cavaliers, Parliamenta-
rians, and the battle of Lans-
down ( 1 596-1 643)
Sir Bevill
Arthur Christopher
Thynne
Cornwall (1643)
Captain Fortune
H. B. Marriott Watson
John Hampden
To Right the Wrong
Edna Lyall
Civil War to the battle of Marston
Moor ( 1 640-1 644)
Cromwell's Own
A. Paterson
Falkland, Laud, etc. (1640-1645)
In Spite of All
Edna Lyall
Civil War to the battle of Marston
Moor (1640-1645)
Follow the Gleam
Joseph Hocking
Civil War Period between Mars-
ton Moor and Fall of Bristol
( 1 644-1 645)
Cornet Strong of Ireton's
Horse
Dora Greenwell Mc-
Chesney
Marston Moor and siege of Pon-
tefract (1632-1649)
When Charles the First was
King (juv.)
J. S. Fletcher
Civil War From Edgehill to
Naseby and Death of Charles I
Miriam Cromwell, Royalist
Dora Greenwell McChes-
ney
Civil War Raglan Castle and
Newbury (ca. 1645)
St. George and St. Michael
George Macdonald
Civil War Naseby
Stanhope (juv.)
E. L. Haverfield
856
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
ENGLAND continued
SUBJECT
Montrose and the cavaliers in strife
with the Presbyterians (1629-
1645)
Montrose, Argyle, and the battle
of Inverlochy (1642-1645)
Civil War in Wales, Siege of Con-
way Castle, battle of Naseby
(1641-1649)
Newbury, Naseby, and Charles' cap-
tivity and death (1 644-1 649)
Cromwell and Charles Caris-
brooke (1644- 1649)
Civil War near Lymington
(1647)
Cromwell from the Naseby period
to his death (ca. 1646-1658)
John Milton Oxfordshire and
London (1 643-1 646)
The Vale of Belvoir (1 642-1 648)
Manners and atmosphere of the
Great Civil War
Nicholas Ferrar and the Quietists
Nicholas Ferrar and the Quietists
(1622-1685)
Civil War, the Commonwealth, and
the Restoration (1637-1650)
The war in Lancashire; siege of
Manchester; Earl of Derby's ex-
ploits (1642-1651)
Royalist and Parliamentarian
(1 642-1 653)
The atmosphere of Puritanism
The Great Civil War
Plot for placing Prince Rupert on
the English throne
Royalists and Roundheads (ca.
1645-1651)
Dutch Settlers in Bedford Level
Assassination of Buckingham; death
of Charles I (1629-1649)
Cromwell's Invasion of Ireland
Bristol ( 1 636-1 720)
A Northumberland and Scots Bor-
der story (1649-1650)
The Angel of the Covenant
*John Splendid
Battlement and Tower
*Holmby House
*The Cavaliers
The Children of the New
Forest (juv.)
King " By the Grace of
God " (Von Gottes Gnaden)
"The Maiden and Married Life
of Mary Powell
A Cavalier Stronghold
The Fair Maid of Gray-
stones
A Haunt of Ancient Peace
(juv.)
*John Inglesant
The Draytons and the Da-
nants
On Both Sides of the Sea
(sequel)
The Leaguer of Lathom
Friends, though Divided
(juv.)
Dagonet the Jester
Cavaliers and Roundheads
(juv.)
Rupert, by the Grace of God
Henry Masterton
The Settlers at Home (juv.)
Twenty Years After
In the King's Service (juv.)
In Colston's Days (juv.)
Magnus Sinclair
J. MacLaren Cobban
Neil Munro
Owen Rhoscomyl
G. J. Whyte Melville
S. R. Keightley
F. Marryat
J. Rodenberg (trans.)
Anne Manning
Mrs. Chaworth Musters
Beulah Marie Dix
Emma Marshall
J. H. Shorthouse
Elizabeth Charles
W. Harrison Ainsworth
G. A. Henty
Malcolm MacMillan
J. G. Edgar
Dora Greenwell Mc-
Chesney
G. P. R. James
Harriet Martineau
Alexandre Dumas
F. S. Brereton
Emma Marshall
Howard Pease
HISTORICAL NOVELS
857
ENGLAND continued
SUBJECT
Wanderings of Charles II after
Battle of Worcester (1650-1651)
The King's flight after Worcester
(1651)
Wanderings of Charles II after
Battle of Worcester (1651)
Prince Charles's escape after Wor-
cester (1651)
Wanderinsrs of Charles II after Bat-
tle of Worcester
Blake's pursuit of the Royalist fleet
into the West Indies after death
of Charles I (1651-1652)
Cromwell and Charles II before the
Restoration (1652)
The Commonwealth (1653)
Salisbury and Holland (1655)
Holland and England
Holland, England, and America
Cromwell, Rupert, and Elizabeth of
Bohemia
Oliver Cromwell's later years
Death of Oliver Cromwell (1658)
George Fox, the Quaker
Quakers at the Restoration (ca.
1650-1660)
George Fox and William Penn
The siege of Skipton Castle,
Charles I and II, Falkland,
Prince Rupert, Elizabeth of Bo-
hemia and General Lambert
(1642-1660)
Cavaliers and Roundheads
The Princess Elizabeth Caris-
brooke (ca. 1649)
Commonwealth Charles II
James de la Cloche, Charles IPs
oldest natural son
Period of Charles II William III
Plaeue, Lady Castlemaine (1649-
1678)
Time of Charles II Highwayman
Time of Charles II London and
Holland
After Worcester
Wanderer and King (juv.)
Patricia at the Inn
Boscobel, or the Royal Oak
Ovingdean Grange
Prince Rupert the Buccaneer
Woodstock, or The Cavalier
John Gilbert, Yeoman
"Captain Jacobus (juv.)
*A Little Captive Lad (juv.)
*Penruddock of the White
Lambs (juv.)
The Red Men of the Dusk
The Lord Protector
*The Lion's Whelp
*Friend Olivia
The Shadow of a Crime
A Gallant Quaker
The Last of the Cliffords
(juv.)
Brambletye House
The White King's Daughter
(juv.)
God Save the King
Yesterday's To-morrow
A Reputed Changeling
London Pride
I Lived as I Listed
Silas Verney
E. Everett Green
O. V. Caine
J. C. Snaith
W. Harrison Ainsworth
W. Harrison Ainsworth
C. J. Cutcliffe Hyne
Sir Walter Scott
R. G. Soans
L. Cope Corn ford
Beulah Marie Dix
S. H. Church
John Finnemore
S. Levett Yeats
Amelia E. Barr
Amelia E. Barr
Hall Caine
Margaret H. Roberton
Eliza F. Pollard
Horace Smith
Emma Marshall
Ronald Macdonald
Dora Greenwell Mc-
Chesney
Charlotte M. Yonge
Mary E. Braddon
Arthur L. Maitland
Edgar Pickering
858
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
ENGLAND continued
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
London, Somerset, and Devon
(1664-1665)
*His Grace 0' the Gunne
I. Hooper
Plague and Fire (1665-1666)
Cherry and Violet
Anne Manning
Lady Castlemaine, the Plague
O665)
Daniel Herrick
S. H. Burchell
The Plague (1665)
The Brave Men of Eyam
(juv.)
E. N. Hoare
Italy and Plague at Eyam (1665)
The Dagger and the Cross
Joseph Hatton
The Plague (1665)
A Set of Rogues
Frank Barrett
The Plague (1665)
The Puritan's Wife
Max Pemberton
Plague and Fire (1 665-1 666)
Old St. Paul's
W. Harrison Ainsworth
London Fire (1665)
When London Burned (juv.)
G. A. Henty
Time of Charles II Court Life
(ca. 1662-1665)
Sir Ralph Esher
Leigh Hunt
Milton and his daughters (1665)
'Deborah's Diary
Anne Manning
Great Fire and after (1666-1683)
*Whitefriars, or The Court of
Charles II
Emma Robinson
De Ruyter and the Peace of Buda
(1667)
The Dutch in the Medway
Charles Macfarlane
Time of Charles II court life
Nell Gwynn, Comedian
Frankfort Moore
Charles II and his sister Henrietta
(1669-1670)
The Silver Key
Nellie K. Blissett
Early Restoration Days in London
and Chelsea Isaac Newton (ca.
1678)
*My Lord Winchenden
Graham Hope
Time of Charles II Derbyshire,
Isle of Man, and London (1678)
*Peveril of the Peak
Sir Walter Scott
Time of Charles II Nell Gwynne
(1680)
Simon Dale
Anthony Hope
Algernon Sidney's home-life at
Knowle Park (ca. 1682)
In the Golden Days
Edna Lyall
Rye House Plot (1683)
Traitor or Patriot?
Mary C. Rowsell
Political intrigue in James IPs
reign (ca. 1680-1690)
Beaujeu
H. C. Bailey
Rye House Plot (1683)
In the Service of Rachel,
Lady Russell (juv.)
Emma Marshall
Purcell the Composer (1658-1695)
In Westminster Choir (juv.)
Emma Marshall
Grinling Gibbons
The Carved Cartoon
Austin Clare
Rising at Taunton (1684)
The Rebel
H. B. Marriott Watson
\Vars of Turenne John Churchill
.(1671-1702)
His Counterpart
Russell M. Gamier
puke of Monmouth (1 674-1 686)
The Baton Sinister
George Gilbert
HISTORICAL NOVELS 859
ENGLAND continued
SUBJECT
TITLE.
AUTHOR
Bishop Ken (1637-1711)
Winchester Meads (juv.)
Kmma Marshall
Monmouth's Rebellion (ca. 1673-
1687)
*Lorna Doone
R. D. Blackmore
Monmouth's Rebellion Barbados
(1662-1688)
*For Faith and Freedom
Sir Walter Besant
Monmouth* Rebellion (1678-1685)
*Urith
S. Baring-Gould
Monmouth's Rebellion
The Blue Flag
Max Hillary
Monmouth's Rebellion
In Taunton Town
Evelyn Everett Green
Monmouth's Rebellion (1685)
*Micah Clarke
Sir A. Conan Doyle
Dorsetshire in time of Monmouth's
Rebellion
Deb Clavel
Mary E. Palgrave
Monmouth's Rebellion
Duke of Monmouth
Gerald Griffin
The Duke of Monmouth, Lady
Wentworth Judge Jeffreys and
William of Orange
Fortune's Castaway
W. J. Eccott
The Bloody Assizes (1685)
Barbara Winslow, Rebel
Beth Ellis
Battle of Sedgemoor (1685)
Duke's Winton; a Chronicle
of Sedgemoor
J. R. Henslowe
Monmouth's Rebellion and the
Tyrol (1685-1687)
*The Courtship of Morrice
Buckler
Arthur Edward Wood-
ley Mason
Monmouth's Rebellion and Judge
Jeffreys (1685-1689)
By Dulvercombe Water
Harold Vallings
Hampshire in the days following
Monmouth's Rebellion (1685-
1688)
*The Lover Fugitives
John Finnemore
William of Orange and James II
of England (1 678-1 688)
*The Sword of the King
Ronald Macdonald
Accession of William of Orange,
Jacobite conspiracies, and the
IJoyne campaign (1688-1690)
The Lifeguardsman
H. J. Schimmel (trans.)
Devonshire from landing of Wil-
liam of Orange to the burning
of Teignmouth
In Jacobite Days (juv.)
Mrs. Henry Clarke
Judge Jeffreys, Marlborough, and
accession of William of Orange
(1685-1688)
Mistress Dorothy Marvin
John Collis Snaith
Marriage of Mary to William
My Mistress the Queen (juv.)
Mary Anna Paull
Jacobite plots (ca. 1689)
Hope the Hermit
Edna Lyall
William III Hardwich, France,
and The Hague (1673-1691)
*The Blue Pavilions
A. T. Quiller Couch
Seizure of the Bass Rock (1691-
1694)
My Lady of the Bass
S. H. Burchell
Marlborough and the forger
Young's plot against William III
(1692)
The King's Agent
Arthur Paterson
860
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
ENGLAND continued
SUBJECT
Cromwell's Granddaughter (1694-
1729)
Mary Stuart (1696)
Conspiracy of 1696 against Willianr.
Conspiracy of 1696 against William
III
Robert Ferguson, the Plotter
Sir John Fenwick's Jacobite plot
(1688-1713)
Conspiracy of 1696 against William
III (1696-1697)
Jacobite Plots
Social life (ca. 1690-ca. 1720)
Social life (ca. 1690-ca. 1720)
English buccaneers in the West In-
dies (ca. 1 672-1 700)
English buccaneers in the West In-
dies (1683)
Welsh piracy; Sir Henry Morgan
the Buccaneer (ca. 1 670-1 680)
Darien Scheme (1698)
William Paterson and the Darien
Scheme
Windsor William III Anne
A Christian slave in Morocco
Reign of Queen Anne (1691-1714)
Court of Queen Anne (1707-1714)
London and country life in reign
of Anne
Highwaymen in time of Anne
Wars with French and Spaniards
( 1 702-1 704)
Battle of Ramillies
Peterborough in Spain
Duke of Marlborough (1 702-1 709)
Marlborough's campaigns (ca. 1704)
By the North Sea (juv.)
Kensington Palace
A Woman's Courier
The Jacobite
For Liberty's Sake
"Shrewsbury
The King's Highway
*Snarleyyow, or The Dog
Fiend
A Lady of Quality
His Grace of Osmonde
Leonard Lindsay; or, The
Story of a Buccaneer
The Hispaniola Plate
The Jewel of Ynys Galon
A Gentleman Adventurer
Darien, or, The Merchant
Prince
*In King's Houses
The Fortunes of Farthings
*Henry Esmond
St. James's
The Baronet in Corduroy
< Tom Tufton's Travels
I Tom Tufton's Toll
Across the Salt Seas
Fallen Fortunes (juv.)
The Bravest of the Brave
(juv.)
The Cornet of Horse (juv.)
The Adventures of Harry
Rochester (juv.)
Emma Marshall
Emma Marshall
W. J. Yeoman
Harry Lindsay
J. B. Marsh
Stanley J. Weyman
G. P. R. James
F. Marryat
Frances Hodgson Bur-
nett
Frances Hodgson Bur-
nett
A. B. Reach
J. B. Bloundelle Bur-
ton
Owen Rhoscomyl
J. Bloundelle Burton
B. E. G. Warburton
Julia C. R. Dorr
A. J. Dawson
William Makepeace
Thackeray
W. Harrison Ainsworth
Albert Lee
Evelyn Everett Green
J. Bloundelle Burtor
Evelyn Everett Green
G. A. Henty
G. A. Henty
Herbert Strang
HISTORICAL NOVELS
861
ENGLAND continued
SUBJECT
)uke of Marlborough
? oreign Wars under Marlborough
Sent and Spanish America (1709-
1713)
sir Christopher Wren (1709-1723)
Swift and " Vanessa," Addison,
Steele, Pope, and Bolingbroke
(1712-1723)
'acobites and Marlborough (ca.
1712-1722)
Somersetshire in reign of Queen
Anne
Bolingbroke, Pope, Swift, Fielding,
Steele, and Addison (ca. 17 15)
The Stuarts in exile, St. Germains
(1708-1712)
Jacobite plots
Battle of Sheriffmuir (1715)
Battle of Sheriffmuir (1715)
Cornish Jacobites
Jacobite rebellion of 1715
Jacobite rebellion of 1715
Lord Derwentwater and the Nor-
thumbrian rising (171 5)
Jacobite rising (1715)
Mar's Rebellion
Jacobite intrigues just before battles
of Sheriffmuir and Preston
(1715)
Jacobite atmosphere (1715-1719)
Traditions of Rob Roy (ca. 1715)
Period of Jacobite Rebellion
Devon and Cornwall (1715)
Jacobites in Northumberland
The Swedish War (1699-17 19)
The English and Continental Jaco-
bites (1716-1719)
Stuarts in exile (17 19)
The Old Pretender and Princess
Gementina Sobieski (1720)
A Lady's Honour
In the Irish Brigade Guv.)
The Queen's Serf
Under the Dome of St
Paul's (juv.)
Esther Vanhomrigh
j A Kent Squire )
l Gwynett of Thornhaugh J
No Soul Above Money
Devereux
A Fair Jacobite (juv.)
The Heritage of Langdale
Balmoral
To Arms!
Duance Pendray
Preston Fight
Lucy Arden
'Dorothy Forster
In the Fifteen (juv.)
A Loyal Little Maid
Rob Roy
Parson Kelly
Adventures of Rob Roy
A Deal with the King
Hartland Forest
Strained Allegiance
Monsieur Martin
For the White Rose
Madamscourt; Adventures of
a fugitive Princess (juv.)
'Clementina
Bass Blake
G. A. Henty
Elsa d'Esterre Keeling
Emma Marshall
Margaret L. Woods
F. W. Hayes
Walter Raymond
Lytton
H. May Poynter
Mrs. Alexander
A. Allardyce
Andrew Balfour
G. Norway
W. Harrison Ainsworth
James Grant
Sir Walter Besant
H. C. Adams
Sarah Tyler
Sir Walter Scott
A. E. W. Mason and
A. Lang
James Grant
J. F. Findlay
Anna E. Bray
R. H. Foster
Wymond Carey
Wymond Carey
H. May Poynter
A. E. W. Mason
862
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
ENGLAND continued
Jane Stuart, natural daughter of
James (II) Duke of York (1657-
1745)
Jacobite outbreaks of 17 19 and the
South Sea Bubble (1719-1720)
Somerset at the time of the South
Sea Bubble (1720)
London in time of George I and II
Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough,
Sir Robert Walpole, Pope, Car-
oline of Anspach, and Prince
George II (1720)
Dissenting life in the provinces
(early 18th century)
London in days of Bolingbroke and
Walpole ( 1 709-1 727)
Social life (1732)
Deptford (ca. 1 740-1 760)
Spanish Main
Battle of Fontenoy (1745)
Bath, middle of 18th century
The Jacobites Yorkshire Moors
(I74S)
The Jacobites of England and
France (1746)
London and Epsom (middle 18th
century)
Pirates (ca. 1750)
Smugglers in Kent (middle 18th
century)
The Gypsies (ca. 1750)
The Young Pretender's visit to
London (1 744-1 750)
Life (ca. 1750)
Social and political condition (ca.
1750)
The sister of the Wesleys (1723-
1803)
Methodist Revival (ca. 1750)
The Wesleys in a northern village
Whitefield and the Wesleys (1745-
i7So)
The Royal Quaker
The Rose-Spinner
Jacob and John
French Nan
In Clarissa's Day (juv.)
The Courtship of Sarah (juv.)
Mohawks
*The House Divided
The World Went Very Well
Then
Ned Leger (juv.)
Treasure Trove
( *The Bath Comedy ?
t Incomparable Bellairs J
*Ricroft of Withens
Denounced
The Chaplain of the Fleet
Treasure Island (juv.)
The Smuggler
Smalilou
High Treason: a Romance of
The Days of George II
The Lady of Lynn
Bernicia
Hetty Wesley
The Infidel
The Coming of the Preachers
Diary of Mrs. Kitty Trevelyan
Mrs. Bertram Tanqueray
Mary Deane
Walter Raymond
Agnes and Egerton
Castle
Sarah Tytler
Sarah Tytler
Mary E. Braddon
H. B. Marriott Watson
Sir Walter Besant
G. Manville Fenn
S. Lover
Agnes and Egerton
Castle
Halliwell Sutcliffe
J. Bloundelle Burton
Sir Walter Besant and
J. Rice
Robert Louis Stevenson
G. P. R. James
James Henry Yoxall
Anonymous
Sir Walter Besant
Amelia E. Barr
A. T. Quiller Couch
Mary E. Braddon
John Ackworth
Elizabeth Charles
HISTORICAL NOVELS
863
ENGLAND continued
Cornish people in Wesley's times
(ca. 1750)
Wesley in Cornwall (ca. 1758)
Smugglers in Dorsetshire (1757-
1758)
Methodism (1758)
The Scots Greys in the Seven
Years' War (1758-1759)
Eugene Aram (ca. 1759)
George III and Hannah Lightfoot
(1760)
Newgate (ca. 1760)
Society (ca. 1 746-181 1)
Exmoor gypsies (1763)
Last days of Chatham (1767)
Life at Olney Cowper and John
Newton (ca. 1 767-1 787)
R. B. Sheridan and Johnson (1771-
1773)
Goldsmith, Garrick, Johnson, and
Burke (1774)
Life in the Isle of Man (ca. 1775)
Liverpool (1776)
The Attempt to fire Portsmouth
Dockyard (1776-1777)
Old Rye and its smugglers (1763-
1779)
Washington, Johnson, Fielding, and
Richardson (1756-1783)
Siege of Gibraltar (1 779-1 783)
The Siege of Gibraltar
Gordon Riots (1780)
Art Reynolds and Angelica
Kauffman (ca. 1 780-1 781)
Society (18th century)
Sir Joshua Reynolds and Miss Bur-
ney (1780)
Slavery emancipation (1791)
English Jacobin clubs (1793)
Smuggling and life on the coast
near Flamborough (177 7- 180 5)
The Strange Adventures of
Israel Pendray
The Birthright
*Moonfleet
The Eveshams
Second to None
Eugene Aram
A Fountain Sealed
*The Orange Girl
Memoirs of Barry Lyndon
*Katerfelto
*The Castle Inn
On the Banks of the Ouse
(juv.)
A Nest of Linnets
*The Jessamy Bride
The Deemster
Cap'n Nat's Treasure
The King's Yard: a Story of
Old Portsmouth
Denis Duval
The Virginians
The Rock of the Lion (juv.)
Held Fast for England (juv.)
Barnaby Rudge
*Miss Angel
The Fatal Gift
L'Eleve de Garrick
* God's Providence House
St. Katherine's by the Tower
Mary Anerley
S. K. Hocking
Joseph Hocking
J. Meade Falkner
James Blythe Patton
James Grant
Lord Lytton
Sir Walter Besant
Sir Walter Besant
William Makepeace
Thackeray
G. J. Whyte Melville
Stanley J. Weyman
Emma Marshall
F. Frankfort Moore
F. Frankfort Moore
Hall Caine
Robert Leighton
Walter Jeffery
William Makepeace
Thackeray
William Makepeace
Thackeray
M. E. Seawell
G. A. Henty
Charles Dickens
Miss Thackeray
F. Frankfort Moore
Augustin Filon
Isabella Varley Banks
Sir Walter Besant
R. D. Blackmore
864
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
ENGLAND continued
SUBJECT
North Devon (1793)
Capture of Guadeloupe (1794)
Reign of Terror at Paris, and
Revolution of Naples (1 793-1798)
Society life in George Ill's days
(1796)
Mutiny at the Nore (1797)
Sussex Smugglers and French Con-
spirators
Gretna Green and Botany Bay
(1799)
Hannah More
William Crotch and Old Crome
Iceland and the Isle of Man in the
Napoleonic period (1800)
Life (1800)
Life (1800)
Lychgate Hall
Yorkshire moors (ca. 1800)
Battles of St. Vincent and Aboukir
Cape St. Vincent and Nelson in the
Mediterranean
Nelson and Napoleon the battle
of the Nile
Battle of the Nile
Wars with France (1 798-1 801)
Lead miners near Cheddar (early
19th century)
Wreckers and Smugglers in Corn-
wall
Social Life (early 19th century)
Nelson and the Baltic campaign
(1803-1805)
Nelson's campaigns (1803-1805)
Nelson, Napoleon, and the French
attempt to invade England
Hannah More and William Wilber-
force (early 19th century)
George III and family at Wey-
mouth
The riots caused by introduction of
steam machinery (1 780-1834)
* Ropes of Sand
Oliver Ellis; or The Fusiliers
(juv.)
The Extraordinary Confes-
sions of Diana Please
The Orangery: a Comedy of
Tears
The King's Own
A Business in Great Waters
(juv.)
The Inimitable Mrs. Mas-
singham
Bristol Diamonds (juv.)
Castle Meadow (juv.)
The Bondman
*Adam Bede
* Silas Marner; the Weaver of
Raveloe
Lychgate Hall
The Luck of Barerakes
Chris Cunningham (juv.)
The Commander of the Hiron-
delle (juv.)
The Two Captains
In Press-Gang Days (juv.)
At Aboukir and Acre
*Two Men o' Mendip
When George III was King
Rodney Stone
*A Friend of Nelson
Diana's Crescent
*Springhaven
Under Cheddar Cliffs, a Hun-
dred Years Ago (juv.)
The Trumpet-Major
John Halifax, Gentleman
R. E. Francillon
James Grant
Bernard Capes
Mabel Dearmer
Marryat
Julian Corbett
Herbert Compton
Emma Marshall
Emma Marshall
Hall Caine
George Eliot
George Eliot
M. E. Francis
Caroline Marriage
Gordon Stables
W. H. Fitchett
Cyrus Townsend
Brady
E. Pickering
G. A. Henty
Walter Raymond
Amyot Sagon
Sir A. Conan Doyle
Horace G. Hutchinson
Anne Manning
R. D. Blackmore
Edith Seeley
Thomas Hardy
Dinah Mulock Craik
HISTORICAL NOVELS
865
ENGLAND continued
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
Spanish War of Independence
Trafalgar
B. Perez Galdos
(trans.)
Trafalgar
Afloat with Nelson (juv.)
C. H. Eden
Nelson and British naval victories
(1797-1805)
By Conduct and Courage
(juv.)
G. A. Henty
Life of Nelson
The Admiral
Douglas Sladen
Battle of Trafalgar (1805)
'Twas in Trafalgar's Bay
Besant and Rice
Battle of Maida (1806)
The Adventures of an Aide-
de-Camp
James Grant
Impressment during the French
wars
'Sylvia's Lovers
Mrs. Gaskell
Peninsular War and Waterloo
(1795-1815)
The Follies of Captain Daly
F. Norreys Connell
Exmoor, the Peninsular War and
Corunna (1 808-1809)
The Drummer's Coat (juv.)
John W. Fortescue
Battle of Corunna and siege of
Saragossa (1808-1809)
Boys of the Light Brigade
(juv.)
Herbert Strang
Peninsular War
'Charles O'Malley
Charles Lever
Peninsular War and Napoleon
(1783-1812)
Tom Burke of " Ours "
Charles Lever
Peninsular War and Waterloo cam-
paign (1808-1815)
*The Romance of War
James Grant
Peninsular War
f With Moore at Corunna "")
J (juv.) 1
J Under Wellington s Com- |
l mand (juv.) J
G. A. Henty
Peninsular War Sir John Moore
(1808-1809)
*Sons of the Sword
Margaret L. Woods
Peninsular War
The Young Buglers (juv.)
G. A. Henty
Peninsular War, from Siege of
Burgos to Vittoria (1812-1813)
The Story of a Scout (juv.)
John Finnemore
Peninsular War Vittoria and Bad-
ajos
The Bivouac
W. H. Maxwell
Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo
The Adventures of Harry
Revel
A. T. Quiller Couch
The war prison at Prince Town
(1814)
The American Prisoner
Eden Phillpotts
Caroline of Brunswick and the
Prince Regent (1810)
The Palace of Spies: an
Episode
Herbert Compton
Smuggling (181 1)
The Longshoremen
George Bartram
Luddite agitation (1811-1813)
*Bond Slaves
Mrs. G. L. Banks
The Orders in Council; Luddite
agitation (ca. 1807-18 12)
Shirley
Charlotte Bronte
Luddite riots
Forest Folk
James Prior
Luddite riots
Through the Fray (juv.)
G. A. Henty
866
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
ENGLAND continued
SUBJECT
Napoleonic Wars (1811-1814)
Privateering in 181 2
French invasion
Napoleonic Wars (1804-1815)
French prisoner in England (1813-
1814)
Wars in India and the Peninsula
(1795-1815)
Napoleon at Elba (1814-1815)
Waterloo
Napoleonic Wars (181 5)
Smugglers and preventives in the
Essex fens (1815)
Waterloo (18 15)
The Hundred Days
French and English on Sussex coast
(1815)
The Fen Riots (1815)
The Regency of George IV (181 1-
1820)
George IV, Mrs. Fitzherbert, and
Beau Brummell
Time of George II Dartmoor
Last Years of the Regency
Queen Caroline last few years of
her life (1818-1821)
The Peterloo Massacre and the Cato
Street Conspiracy (1819)
Admiral Cochrane, Earl of Dundon-
ald (1818-1825)
Smugglers in Kent, and pirates in
the West Indies (ca. 1825)
Brunei's Folly (ca. 1820)
Peterloo riots
Manchester (1820)
Manchester and
( 1 799-1831)
Queen Caroline, Princess Charlotte,
and Brougham (1796-1821)
Plot to rescue Napoleon (1821)
Recollections of Althea Allingham
(1785-1842)
Alice Lorraine
An Ocean Free Lance
The French Prisoner
One of the 28th (juv.)
*St. Ives
A Royal Rascal
Grantley Fenton
The Great Shadow
From Powder-Monkey to
Admiral (juv.)
Brown: a story of Waterloo
Year (juv.)
* Stories of Waterloo
The Light of Scarthey
*The Bonnet Conspirators
Cheap Jack Zita
Twisted Eglantine
*Yeoman Fleetwood
Royal Georgie
Mis'ess Joy
*A Lady of the Regency
Starvecrow Farm
With Cochrane the Dauntless
(juv.)
Romance
Kitty Alone; a story of Three
Fires
Mervyn Clitheroe
"The Manchester Man
*The Queen can do No
Wrong
Taken from the Enemy
In Four Reigns (juv.)
R. D. Blackmore
Clark Russell
Thomas A. Pinkerton
G. A. Henty
Robert Louis Stevenson
Arthur Griffiths
M. M. Blake
Sir A. Conan Doyle
W. H. G. Kingston
Dorothea Moore
W. H. Maxwell
Egerton Castle
Violet A. Simpson
S. Baring-Gould
H. B. Marriott Watson
M. E. Francis (Mrs.
Blundell)
S. Baring-Gould
John Le Breton
Mrs. Stepney Rawson
Stanley J. Weyman
G. A. Henty
Joseph Conrad and
Ford Madox Hueffer
S. Baring-Gould
W. Harrison Ainsnrorth
Isabella Varley Banks
Herbert Compton
Henry Newbolt
Emma Marshall
HISTORICAL NOVELS
867
ENGLAND continued
Eastern Devon just before the Re-
form Bill of 1832
Rural life in Suffolk before the re-
peal of the Corn Laws
Yorkshire woolcombers and the cot-
ton industry in the days before
machinery (1830)
Somerset rustics in the days before
railways
Bristol Riots (1831)
Reform Bill agitation (1831-1832)
The aftermath of the Reform Bill
(1832)
Yorkshire (1837)
London life (1833-1834)
Farmer class in Devon and Corn-
wall (ca. 1840)
Seafaring life (ca. 1840)
The miners of the Land's End
peninsula (ca. 1840)
The struggle for life in the west
country before the repeal of the
Corn Laws (ca. 1850)
Portsmouth and the Crimea (1854-
1855)
Crimean War (1854-1855)
Sebastopol and Balaclava (1854-
1855)
Crimean War (1854-1855)
Crimean War (1854-1855)
Crimean War (1854-185 5)
Crimean War (1854-1855)
Crimean War (1854-1855)
Crimean War (1854-1855)
The Lancashire cotton famine of
1863
The politics of Palmerston's period
British in China
Perlycross
The Lord of the Harvest
Mistress Barbara Cunliffe
'Good Souls of Cider Land
Under the Mendips
I, Thou and the Other One
(Felix Holt, the Radical
The Plunder Pit
Clement Lorimer; or The
Book with the Iron Clasps
*Red Spider
*The Nigger of the Narcissus
Esther Pentreath
Driven
By Celia's Arbour
Sevastopol
A Gallant Grenadier (juv.)
In the Trenches (juv.)
The Interpreter
{Lady Wedderburn's Wish "^
Laura Everingham
The Lord Hermitage (
One of the Six Hundred
Under the Red Dragon J
The Thin Red Line
Jack Archer (juv.)
True unto Death (juv.)
Probation
The Mantle of Elijah
With the Allies to Pekin
(juv.)
R. D. Blackmore
M. Betham Edwards
Halliwell Sutcliffe
Walter Raymond
Emma Marshall
Amelia E. Barr
George Eliot
Keighley Snowden
Angus Bethune Reach
S. Baring-Gould
Joseph Conrad
J. H. Pearce
Margaret Watson
Sir Walter Besant
Tolstoy (trans.)
F. S. Brereton
John Finnemore
G. J. Whyte Melville
James Grant
A. Griffiths
G. A. Henty
Eliza F. Pollard
Jessie Fothergill
Israel Zangwill
G. A. Henty
868
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
WALES
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
Legendary
The Misfortunes of Elphin
T. L. Peacock
Time of Henry I
Pabo the Priest
S. Baring-Gould
Border feud (1187)
The Betrothed
Sir Walter Scott
The Welsh marches, the Cymry, the
last of the Druids, battles of
Lewes and Evesham (1262-1265)
The Forest Prince
Bryan W. Ward
Time of Edward II (ca. 1325)
The Whistling Maid
Ernest Rhys
Rebellion against Henry IV Glen-
dower, Hotspur, and Mortimer
Cambria's Chieftain (juv.)
Evelyn Everett Green
(1400-1415)
Owen Glendower
Hearts of Wales
Allen Raine
Tudor Epoch
The Shrouded Face (juv.)
Owen Rhoscomyl
Civil War and Battle of Naseby
(1641-1649)
Battlement and Tower
Owen Rhoscomyl
The Civil War
The Wonderful Story of
Agnes and the White Dove:
a Tradition of Wales
Z. Mather
Piracy and Sir Henry Morgan (ca.
1 670-1 680)
The Jewel of Ynys Galon
Owen Rhoscomyl
Jacobite Rebellion (1745)
*For the White Rose of Arno
(juv.)
Owen Rhoscomyl
Smugglers, pirates and detectives of
Lundy and the Severn (1745)
The Man at Odds
Ernest Rhys
Reform Bill (ca. 1832)
Trewern
R. M. Thomas
Pembrokeshire and the Rebecca
riots ( 1 843-1 844)
In Dewisland
S. Baring-Gould
The Rebecca Riots (1833- 1834)
*The Sheep Stealers
Violet Jacob
The Singing Revival (1 904-1 905)
A Prophet of Wales
Max Baring
IRELAND
Heroic legends
The Sons o' Cormac; an'
Tales of other Men's Sons
(juv.)
Aldis Dunbar
Heroic Age
The Coming of Cuculain
Standish O'Grady
Ireland and Northern Europe in sec-
ond half of the 8th century
The Invasion
Gerald Griffin
Anglo-Irish History (1 534-1 537)
The Weird of Silken Thomas
R. Manifold Craig
Time of the Armada
Sir Ludar (juv.)
Talbot Baines Reed
The struggle between English and
Irish
Grace O'Malley
Robert Machray
Elizabethan Ireland
The Spanish Wine
Frank Mathew
Desmond's rebellion and the sack of
Youghal ( 1 574-1 580)
Ralph Wynward (juv.)
H. Erlington
HISTORICAL NOVELS
869
IRELAND continued
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
Irish Rebellion (1579)
*Maelcho
Emily Lawless
Connaught (1588)
A Queen of Men
William O'Brien
Social and political conditions under
Elizabeth (1588-1591)
Red Hugh's Captivity
Standish O'Grady
The rebellion in Tyrone (1599)
*With Essex in Ireland
Emily Lawless
Philip Ill's Armada, battle of Kin-
sale and the clan feuds (1602)
Ulrick the Ready
Standish O'Grady
1637-1641
Kathleen Clare
Dora G. McChesney
The Civil War (ca. 1641)
Silk and Steel
H. A. Hinkson
The Civil War (1640-1645)
The Love of Comrades
Frank Mathew
An Irish episode of the Great Civil
War (1641)
Dauntless
Ewan Martin
Drogheda Massacre and battle of
Clonmel (1649)
*Castle Omeragh
Frank Frankfort Moore
Cromwellian wars
John Marmaduke
S. H. Church
Cromwellian wars
In the King's Service (juv.)
F. S. Brereton
Cromwellian wars
*Ethne
Mrs. E. M. Field
Tht Cromwellian settlement (1654)
Nessa
L. MacManus
Protestants and Catholics in Ulster
and siege of Londonderry (1689)
*A Man's Foes
Euphans H. Strain
Siege of Londonderry (1689)
*The Crimson Sign
S. R. Keightley
Siege of Londonderry (1689)
True to the Watchword
Edgar Pickering
The Boyne and Limerick (1689-
1691)
Orange and Green (juv.)
G. A. Henty
Battle of the Boyne (1690)
The Boyne Water
John Banim
Battle of the Boyne (1690)
The MacMahon
Owen Blayney
Siege of Limerick (1690)
The Wager
L. MacManus
Battle of Aughrim (1691)
Redmond, Count O'Hanlon,
the Irish Rapparee
William Carleton
Siege of Londenderry (1691-1700)
In the Wake of King James
Standish O'Grady
The broken-down gentry of the
early 18th century
Castle Rackrent
Maria Edgeworth
Persecution of the priests (1745-
1752)
Willie Reilly and his Dear
Colleen Bawn
William Carleton
Dublin Society (ca. 1750)
A Left-handed Swordsman
George Newcomen
Gentry of the 18th century
The Point of Honour
H. A. Hinkson
Goldsmith, Burke, Garrick, and
Johnson
In the Days of Goldsmith
M. McD. Bodkin
The '98 Rebellion
Two Chiefs of Dunboy
James Anthony Froude
Dublin in time of Grattan
The King's Deputy
H. A. Hinkson
870
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
IRELAND continued
SUBJECT
Protestant landowners and dispos-
sessed Catholics in the north of
Ireland (1761-1779)
Political conditions (1 780-1 797)
The Rebellion of '98
Curran
The French attempt on Ireland
(1793-1809)
Irish soldiers in the Napoleonic
Wars (1783-1812)
Lord Edward Fitzgerald (1798)
Lord Edward Fitzgerald
Rebellion of '98
Rebellion of '98
Wolfe Tone and the Rebellion of
'98
Lord Edward Fitzgerald and the
Rebellion of '98
Rebellion of '98
Rebellion of '98
The O'Hara Family
Rebellion of '98
United Irishmen (1798)
French Expedition
Rebellion of '98 in Wexford
Ireland at the Union (1 800-1 801)
Robert Emmet (1 797-1 808)
Peninsular War
Legislative Union (1808-1824)
Politics in Connell's time
A legendary daughter of Napoleon
(1832)
The Famine and Smith O'Brien agi-
tation (1846-1847)
The Irish Famine
'48 and '49
Catholic society in Dublin (ca. 1850)
Fenians
*John Maxwell's Marriage
*The Lost Land
The O'Donoghue
*Jack Hinton
Maurice Tiernay
Tom Burke of " Ours "
A King's Woman (juv.)
Kilgorman (juv.)
Lord Edward Fitzgerald
*Rory O'More
Kathleen Mavourneen
The Rebels
Up for the Green
Corrageen
The Croppy
Croppies Lie Down: a Tale
of 1798
The Pikemen (juv.)
The Round Tower
The Wood of the Brambles
My Lords of Strogue
The Island of Sorrow
Charles O'Malley
The Knight of Gwynne
A Lad of the O'Friels'
Vive l'Empereur
Castle Daly
Castle Richmond
The D'Altons of Crag
Hagan, M. P.
A Fair Saxon
Stephen Gwynn
Julia M. Crottie
Charles Lever
Charles Lever
Charles Lever
Charles Lever
H. A. Hinkson
Talbot Baines Reed
Matthias McDonnell
Bodkin
Samuel Lover
Randal McDonnell
Matthias McDonnell
Bodkin
H. A. Hinkson
Mrs. Orpen
John and Michael
Banim
William Buckley
S. R. Keightley
Florence Scott and
Alma Hodge
Frank Mathew
Lewis Wingfield
George Gilbert
Charles Lever
Charles Lever
Seumas MacManus
Mary R. S. Andrews
Annie Maria Keary
T. Anthony Trollope
Dean O'Brien
Mrs. Hartley
Justin McCarthy
HISTORICAL NOVELS
871
IRELAND continued
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
Secular rivalry-
Christie Carew
Justin McCarthy
Fenians and Nationalist agitation
When We Were Boys
William O'Brien
The Land League
Norah Moriarty or, _ Revela-
tions of Modern Irish Life
Amos Reade
SCOTLAND
Picts and Romans (4th century)
Michael Scott, or Scot the famous
scholar and magician (ca. 1175-
1234)
Norse Invasion (1263)
Norse Invasion (1 262-1 263)
Wallace and Bruce (1290-1315)
Wallace and Bruce and the war of
Scottish independence (1296-
I3H)
War of Independence (1298-1314)
Scotch Wars Ayrshire and Lan-
arkshire ( 1 306-1 307)
War of Independence Bannock-
burn (13 14)
Aberdeen and Braemar district (end
of 14th century)
Speyside region and Morayshire
(1388-1390)
Perthshire, in the reign of Robert
III (1402)
James I of Scotland and England
(ca. 1407-1422)
Times of James I (15th century)
William, 6th Earl of Douglas Gal-
loway, Stirling, Edinburgh, and
Brittany (1439-1440)
The Hebrides (Barra) and Stirling;
times of James I and II (1448)
The Debatable Land
House of Douglas (1444-1455)
Close of the reign of James III
(1488)
James V
Flodden Field (1503-1513)
A Duke of Britain
Sir Michael Scot
Sir Valdemar the Ganger
(juv.)
The Thirsty Sword
In Freedom's Cause (juv.)
The Scottish Chiefs
The Days of Bruce
Castle Dangerous
*The Chevalier of the Splendid
Crest
Kate Cameron of Brux
The Wolfe of Badenoch
The Fair Maid of Perth
The Caged Lion (juv.)
Catharine Douglas
Black Douglas
St. Clair of the Isles (juv.)
The Mawkin of the Flow
The Captain of the Guard
The Yellow Frigate
A Prince of Good Fellows
For Stark Love and Kindness
Sir Herbert Eustace
Maxwell
Allan Cunningham
Josephine Fothering-
hame
Robert Leighton
G. A. Henty
Jane Porter
Grace Aguilar
Sir Walter Scott
Sir Herbert Maxwell
J. E. Muddock
Sir Thomas Dick
Lauder
Sir Walter Scott
Charlotte M. Yonge
Rachel Willard
S. R. Crockett
Elizabeth Helme
Lord Ernest William
Hamilton
James Grant
James Grant
Robert Barr
Allan Macdonald
872
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
SCOTLAND continued
SUBJECT
Flodden Field (1513)
Flodden Field (1513)
James V's disasters (1537)
Dundee (1544)
Battle of Pinkie (1547)
Melrose and District (1550)
Mary Queen of Scots (1 567-1 568)
John Knox (1547-1560)
Mary Queen of Scots (1558-1565)
Mary Queen of Scots (1 561-1567)
Mary Queen of Scots
The _ attempt of Earl Gilbert to
seize the properties of Crossrag-
nel Abbey (1 564-1 571)
Career of Bothwell (1566-1577)
Mary Queen of Scots Holyrood
and Arabella Stuart
Captivity of Mary in England
(1568-1597)
Mary Queen of Scots Moray,
Darnley, and Mary Hamilton
The Babington Plot and execution
of Mary Queen of Scots (1586)
Captivity of Mary Queen of Scots
Fife, Devon, and West Indies
Drake (ca. 1585)
Border fighting in Elizabethan times
Liddesdale and Border district
(1587)
The western Highlands
Lisbon, the Azores, and the Shet-
land Isles
The Gowrie Conspiracy (1 599-1600)
Galloway just after the Reformation
(1601-1611)
Montrose and the Covenant (1629-
1645)
Solemn League and Covenant,
Coronation of Charles II at
Scone and other events of the
Civil War (1 632-1 651)
The Braes of Yarrow
In The King's Favor
Jane Seton
No Cross, no Crown (juv.)
Mary of Loriaine
*The Monastery
*The Abbot
Magdalen Hepburn
Basile the Jester (juv.)
"The Queen's Quair
Queen Mary's Holdfast
The Dule Tree of Cassillis
Bothwell; or the Days of
Queen Mary
The Queen's Maries
Unknown to History (juv.)
Mary Hamilton
One Queen Triumphant
The Master of Gray
By Stroke of Sword (juv.)
Rosslyn's Raid; and other
Tales
The Outlaws of the Marches
The Lost Pibroch, and other
Shieling Stories
The Treasure of Don Andres
Gowrie
The Grey Man
The Angel of the Covenant
Harry Ogilvie; or The Black
Dragoons
Charles Gibbon
J. E. Muddock
James Grant
Deborah Alcock
James Grant
Sir Walter Scott
Sir Walter Scott
Margaret O. Oliphant
J. E. Muddock
Maurice Hewlett
Sir John Skelton
William Robertson
James Grant
G. J. Whyte Melville
Charlotte M. Yonge
Lord Ernest Hamilton
Frank Mathew
H. C. Bailey
Andrew Balfour
Beatrice Helen
Barmby
Lord Ernest Hamilton
Neil Munro
J. Haldane Burgess
G. P. R. James
S. R. Crockett
J. Maclaren Cobban
James Grant
HISTORICAL NOVELS
873
SCOTLAND continued
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
Montrose and the Covenant
*John Splendid
Neil Munro
Montrose's campaigns from Tipper-
muir to Phihphaugh (1644-1645)
The Red Reaper
John A. Stewart
Montrose and the Covenant (1645-
1646)
*The Legend of Montrose
Sir Walter Scott
Montrose and the Covenant
Journal of the Lady Beatrix
Graham
Mrs. Fowler Smith
Traditionary tales
The New Border Tales
Sir George Brisbane
Scott Douglas
Kirk and Covenant Cameronian
rebellion of 1679 (1 638-1 680)
Adam Hepburn's Vow (juv.)
Annie S. Swan
The famous Warlock (1 660-1 670)
Major Weir
K. L. Montgomery
Montrose and the Covenant
The Cherry Ribband
S. R. Crockett
Bothwell Bridge (1679)
*01d Mortality
Sir Walter Scott
Bothwell Bridge
*Bible and Sword
P. Hay Hunter
Bothwell Bridge (1679)
*The Men of the Moss Hags
S. R. Crockett
The Covenanters (ca. 1678-1683
John Burnet of Barns
John Buchan
Persecutions of the Covenanters
(1680)
For Crown and Covenant
(juv.)
Cyril Grey
Witchcraft (late 17th century)
The Witch-Wife
Sarah Tytler
Persecutions of the Covenanters (ca.
1685-1690)
The Standard Beai
S. R. Crockett
Battle of Killiecrankie (1688)
*Lochinvar
S. R. Crockett
The Covenanters, Grahame of
Claverhouse, and Battle of Killie-
crankie
Ronald Lindsay (juv.)
May Wynne
Battle of Killiecrankie (ca. 1688-
1689)
*Ringan Gilhaize
John Gait
Battle of Killiecrankie (1689)
*The Scottish Cavalier
James Grant
East Lothian (1695)
The Bride of Lammermoor
Sir Walter Scott
Shetland and Orkney (ca. 1700)
The Pirate
Sir Walter Scott
Border country, Jacobite intrigues
(1706)
The Black Dwarf
Sir Walter Scott
Jacobite intrigues (1715)
*Rob Roy
Sir Walter Scott
Rob Roy (ca. 171 5)
The Adventures of Rob Roy
James Grant
Jacobites in London and Highlands
(171s)
Balmoral
A. Allardyce
The Jacobites, Edinburgh, and Bat-
tle of Sheriffmuir (1715)
To Arms!
A. Balfour
Jacobite rebellion (171 5)
Lucy Arden
James Grant
Mar's Rebellion
A Loyal Little Maid (juv.)
Sarah Tytler
874
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
SCOTLAND continued
Politics (1715-174S)
Solway Moss and the Border (ca.
1720-1730)
Gentlefolk in Fife (ca. 1 710-1740)
Porteous Riots (1736)
Fontenoy and Culloden (1 728-1 746)
Time of the '45 Rebellion (174s)
The Jacobites Highlands and
Edinburgh
The Jacobites Stirling, Edin-
burgh, London, and Preston-pans
Jacobite Intrigues in London (1745)
Welsh connection with the Derby
March (1745)
The Jacobites Highland plots and
campaign (1745-1746)
The march to Derby and the battle
of Culloden
Culloden (1745)
Jacobite rebellion in Yorkshire
(i74S)
Flora Macdonald (1746)
The Jacobites The year after the
'45
The Jacobites Culloden (1745-
1746)
The Jacobite rebellion and the Ap-
pin murder (1 746-1 750
The Jacobites Mission from
Abroad to Charles Edward after
Culloden (1 744-1 746)
The abduction of Lady Grange,
kinswoman of the Earl of Mar,
and the search for her among the
Hebrides (1 745-1 746)
The Jacobites in the years after the
'45 ( 1 745-1 764)
A Jacobite refugee at Capetown
(1746-1748)
Jacobites and the Young Pretender
(i7S5) .,
Jacobite exiles in Par'
Jacobite plots (1763)
By Allan Water
( *The Raiders )
( *The Dark o' the Moon )
A Daughter of Strife
The Heart of Midlothian
Bonnie Prince Charlie (juv.)
Thyra Varrick (juv.)
A Lost Lady of Old Years
Waverley
Sir Hector; the Story of a
Scots Gentleman
For the White Rose of Arno
'Poor Sons of a Day
The Fortunes of Claude
(juv.)
The Stone of Dunalter
J Ricroft of Withens ?
{ Willowdene Will J
The Macdonald Lass
Sir Sergeant
A Hero of the Highlands
(juv.)
David Balfour )
Kidnapped >
Catriona )
Spanish John
The Lady of Hirta
*The Master of Ballantrae
*An Exiled Scot
The Shoes of Fortune
Favours from France
Redgauntlet
Catherine Steuart
S. R. Crockett
Jane H. Findlater
Sir Walter Scott
G. A. Henty
Amelia E. Barr
John Buchan
Sir Walter Scott
Robert Machray
Owen Rhoscomyl
Allan McAulay
Edgar Pickering
William Robertson
Halliwell Sutcliffe
Sarah Tytler
W. L. Watson
Evelyn Everett Green
Robert Louis Steven-
son
William McLennan
W. C. Mackenzie
Robert Louis Steven-
son
H. A. Bryden
Neil Munro
Sarah Tytler
Sir Walter Scott
HISTORICAL NOVELS
875
SCOTLAND continued
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
Edinburgh, Robert Burns, and Wil-
liam Pitt (1768-ca. 1795)
Nancy Stair
Elinor Macartney Lane
Fifeshire, Isle of Wight, India;
Hyder Ali, Tippoo Sahib (1780)
The Surgeon's Daughter
Sir Walter Scott
Fifeshire (late 18th century)
The Green Graves of Bal-
gowrie
Jane H. Findlater
Life and manners (close of 18th
century)
*The Antiquary
Sir Walter Scott
Robert Burns (1781-1796)
*The Rhymer
Allan McAulay
Manners and society in Edinburgh
(late 1 8th century)
Lady Jean's Son
Sarah Tytler
Perthshire (ca. 1800)
Black Mary
Allan McAulay
Life in the Hebrides (ca. 1800)
Children of Tempest
Neil Munro
Life and manners on the east coast
(1801-1802)
*The Interloper
Violet Jacob
Lord Braxfield (1813-1814)
*Weir of Hermiston
Robert Louis Stevenson
Adventure in Scotland and in
France during the Hundred Days
(1815)
Vengeance is Mine
Andrew Balfour
Highland village life just after
Waterloo (1815-1816)
Gilian the Dreamer
Neil Munro
The Irvingite Church, and the
passing of the Reform Bill (ca.
1830-1833)
Because of the Angels
Matilda Hope
The. Disruption of the Kirk (1843)
Chronicles of Glenbuckie
Henry Johnston
The Disruption of the Kirk (1843)
Inchbracken
Robert Cleland
The Disruption of the Kirk (1843)
The Banner of Blue
S. R. Crockett
The Disruption of the Kirk (1843)
The Heritage of the Free;
or, More than Conquerors
David Lyall
Struggle of the ministers after the
great Disruption (1843 et seq.)
A Daughter of the Manse
Sarah Tytler
THE NETHERLANDS
Bruges and the Battle of Courtrai
( 1 298-1 302)
Ghent in the days of Philip von
Artevelde, and his defeat and
death at the battle of Roosebeke
(1380-1382)
Revolt of the citizens of Ghent
Philip von Artevelde
Rebellion in Flanders against Philip
the Good of Burgundy (ca. 1450-
1460)
The Revolt of Ghent (1456-1477)
"The Lion of Flanders
A Turbulent Town (juv.)
The White Hoods (juv.)
Old Margaret
Mary of Burgundy
H. Conscience (trans.)
E. N. Hoare
Mrs. Bray
Henry Kingsley
G. P. R. James
876
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
THE NETHERLANDS continued
SUBJECT
Eve of the Reformation (ca. 1470)
Flemish Life (late 16th century)
Abdication of Charles V; growth of
the Reformation (1528-1580)
Flemish revolt against Philip II
Days of Philip II
Spanish reign of terror in the low
countries 0559-1573)
The persecution of the Lutherans
(156S)
Flemish rebellion against Spain
(1576)
The Revolt and the Inquisition
( 1 568-1 570)
Antwerp and the Spanish occupa-
tion
The Revolt and Inquisition
Confederacy of the Gueux (1568-
1572)
The struggle with Spain; the
Gueux; the terrible siege of Haar-
lem (1572-1573)
Alva and the revolt of the Gueux
(1567-1575)
The Revolt and Inquisition (1567-
1575)
Prince of Orange and Alva
The Siege of Leyden (1754)
The Siege of Leyden (1754)
Margaret of Parma, Alva, and the
Prmce of Orange (1574 et seq.)
Siege of Haarlem, Leyden, and
Antwerp (1 572-1 585)
Later years of the Prince of Or-
ange ( 1 576-1 584)
Siege of Antwerp (1585)
Overthrow of Spain Surprise of
Breda (1585-1604)
The capture of Breda (1590)
William of Orange and the broth-
ers De Witt (1672-1675)
Spinoza the Philosopher (1632-
1677)
The Cloister and the Hearth
Quentin Matsys
The Page of the Duke of
Savoy
*Lysbeth
The Merchant of Haarlem
(juv.)
Jan van Elselo
A Woman and a Creed
The Year of Miracles (juv.)
The Master Beggars
Monsieur le Capitaine Douay
The Scarlet Judges
The Beggars
Beggars of the Sea (juv.)
Ludovic and Gertrude
True to the Prince
My Lady of Orange
Wind and Wave
The Burgomaster's Wife
In Troubled Times
By Pike and Dyke (juv.)
For Faith and Fatherland
(juv.)
Shut In
By England's Aid (juv.)
Walter's Escape
The Black Tulip
*Spinoza
Charles Reade
Caroline Pichler
Dumas
H. Rider Haggard
W. H. G. Kingston
Gilbert and Marion
Coleridge
H. Garton Sargent
Hendrik Conscience
L. Cope Cornford
Seth Cook Comstock
Eliza F. Pollard
Jacob B. de Liefde
Tom Bevan
Hendrik Conscience
Gertrude Bell
H. C. Bailey
H. E. Burch
Georg Ebers (trans.)
A. S. C. Wallis
(trans. )
G. A. Henty
M. Bramston
E. Everett Green
G. A. Henty
Jacob B. de Liefde
Dumas (trans.)
Berthold Auerbach
(trans.)
HISTORICAL NOVELS
877
THE NETHERLANDS continued
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
Spinoza
*The Maker of Lenses
Israel Zangwill
Siege of Liege and Marlborough
(1702)
The Sword of Gideon
J. Bloundelle Burton
Invasion of Belgium by the French
(ca. 1793)
Veva; or the War of the
Peasants
Hendrik Conscience
The French Revolution (1794)
The Fisherman's Daughter
(juv.)
Hendrik Conscience
Life and manner (ca. 1800)
Kitwyk
Mrs. John Lane
SWITZERLAND
Prehistoric
Realmah
Sir Arthur Helps
Charles the Bold and the Switzers,
Margaret of Anjou (1474)
*Anne of Geierstein
Sir Walter Scott
Reformation Time
*True Heart
Frederick Breton
The Reformation in Savoy
The Mountain Patriots
Mrs. Alexander S. Orr
Reformation
The City and the Castle
Annie Lucas
Geneva in Calvin's time
Under Calvin's Spell
D. Alcock
Defence of Geneva against
Savoyards (1602)
the
*The Long Night
Stanley J. Weyman
Thirty Years War the Grisons
district
*Jurg Jenatsch
C. F. Meyer
Franco- Austrian war (late 18th
tury)
cen-
The Rose of Disentis
J. H. D. Zschokke
RUSSIA
Zaporogian Cossacks (16th century)
Taras Bulba
Nikolai Vasilievitch
Gogol
Ivan IV
A Boyar of the Terrible
Fred Whishaw
Ivan IV
The Terrible Czar
Count A. K. Tolstoy
(trans.)
Ivan IV
The Tiger of Muscovy
Fred Whishaw
The false Dmitri (1603-1605)
A Splendid Imposter
Fred Whishaw
The false Demetrius (1602-1603)
Dmitri
F. W. Bain
Peter the Great
*On the Red Staircase
M. Imlay Taylor
Peter the Great
The Lion Cub
Fred Whishaw
The Princess Sophia, the wars of
the Naryshkins and the strelitz
( 1 698-1 704)
The Rebellion of the Princess
M. Imlay Taylor
Life in early 18th century
Peter and Alexis
Dmitri Merejkowski
Mazeppa and the Cossacks; Battle
of Pultowa ( 1 687-1 709)
Mazeppa
Fred Whishaw
878
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
RUSSIA continued
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
Peter the Great
*An Imperial Lover
M. Imlay Taylor
Peter the Great and Alexis (1718)
She That Hesitates
Harris Dickson
Peter the Great and Alexis (1718)
*Near the Tsar, near Death
Fred Whishaw
Peter the Great
*The Triumph of Count
Ostermann
Graham Hope
Middle 18th century
Ivan de Biron
Sir Arthur Helps
Court of Catherine the Great
Many Ways of Love
Fred Whishaw
Court of Catherine the Great
A Forbidden Name
Fred Whishaw
Court of Catherine the Great
The Turkish Automaton
Sheila . Braine
Napoleon's Russian campaign
chiefly Dantzic
Barlasch of the Guards
H. Seton Merriman
The French invasion (1812)
Moscow
Fred Whishaw
Austerlitz, Borodino, and Moscow
(1805-1820)
War and Peace
Tolstoy (trans.)
French invasion (1812)
The Shalonski Family
Eugenia Tur
Napoleon's Retreat from Moscow
(1812)
Kenneth
Charlotte M. Yonge
Napoleon's Retreat
Through Russian Snows (juv.)
G. A. Henty
Nihilist conspiracy under Alex-
ander I of Russia
*The Green Book
Maurus Jokai (trans.)
Conspiracy of Redemski
Piincess Jarakanova: a Dark
Chapter of Russian History
G. P. Danilevski
Persecution of the Jews (ca. i8ss)
By Order of the Czar
Joseph Hatton
Nihilists
On Peter's Island
A. R. and M. E. Ropes
Nihilist movement (1873-1875)
In Two Moods
V. Korolenko
Russo-Turkish campaign (1877)
*Stories
V. M. Garshin
Siberian fugitives
Sons of Freedom (juv.)
Fred Whishaw
Late 19th century
A Tsar's Gratitude
Fred Whishaw
Contemporary history
The White Terror and the
Red
A. Cahan
POLAND
The Teutonic Knights (14th cen-
tury)
Knights of the
Cross
H. Sienkiewicz
(trans.)
France and Poland (1570-1626)
The Lord of Lowedale
(juv.)
R. D. Chetwode
Revolt of the Ukraine Cossacks
With Fire and
Sword
H. Sienkiewicz
(trans.)
Invasion of the Swedes (1654-1655)
The Deluge
H. Sienkiewicz
(trans.)
War with the Tartars
Pan Michael
H. Sienkiewicz
(trans.)
HISTORICAL NOVELS
879
POLAND continued
SUBJECT
In the Carpathians, John Sobieski,
and the Turks
the Strong
The fugitive Stuarts (1719)
Court of Augustus
(1706-1727)
Princess Clementina Sobieski and
the old Pretender to English
throne (1720)
Wars with Catharine II of Russia
(i775)
Madame Walewska's self-abandon-
ment to Napoleon for her coun-
try's sake (1806-1812)
Count Thaddeus Sobieski (ca. 1830)
Insurrection of 1831
Insurrection of i860
Russian Nihilists and insurgent
Poles
The Wizard King (juv.)
The Countess Cosel
Madamscourt: Adventures of
a Fugitive Princess (ju v -)
Clementina
The Captain's Daughter
Napoleon's Love Story
Thaddeus of Warsaw
The Maid of Warsaw
*The Jew
The Vultures
David Ker
Joseph Ignatius
Kraszewski
H. May Poynter
A. E. W. Mason
A. S. Pushkin
Waclaw Gasiorowski
Jane Porter
Ernest Jones
Joseph Ignatius
Kraszewski
H. Seton Merriman
TURKEY
First Crusade Constantinople
(1098)
Fall .of Constantinople (1443-1456)
Fall of Constantinople (i4S3)
Fall of Constantinople (1453)
Fall of Constantinople (14S3)
Siege of Rhodes (1480)
Siege of Rhodes (1480)
Louis XIV the Turkish Wars
(1663-1664)
Life in Constantinople (17th cen-
tury)
Stambul (1730)
The struggle for religion and free-
dom in the Balkan peninsula
Ali Pasha of Janina (1819-1822)
Bulgarian revolt (1875-1876)
The Russo-Turkish War (1877)
Count Robert of Paris
*Captain of the Janizaries
"Theodora Phranza
The Fall of Constantinople
(juv.)
The Prince of India
The Constable of St. Nicho-
las (juv.)
A Knight of the White
Cross (juv.)
The Golden Fleece
Romances of the Old Seraglio
Halil the Pedlar
The Black Pilgrim
*The Lion of Janina
Under the Yoke
The War Correspondent
Sir Walter Scott
James Meeker Ludlow
J. M. Neal
A. Wall
Lew Wallace
E. Lester Arnold
G. A. Henty
Amedee Achard
H. N. Crellin
Maurus Jokal (trans.)
Michael Czajkowski
Maurus Jokai (trans.)
Ivan Vazoff
V. Vereshchagin
880
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
TURKEY continued
SUBJECT
Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878)
Greco-Turkish campaign (1897)
In the Track of the Troops
Active Service
R. M. Ballantyne
Stephen Crane
SCANDINAVIA
The Viking Age (3rd~4th century)
The days of trolls and giants
Times of Alfred the Great of Eng-
land
An old Norse tale
The Vikings (early 10th century)
The Vikings (last quarter of 10th
century)
Career of Olaf Tryggvason
Olaf Trygvasson (ca. 995-1000)
Pre-Columban Discovery of Amer-
ica (ca. 986-1006)
Life in the 10th century
Introduction of Christianity into
Norway (ca. 1000-1030)
Harold Haardraada; Battle of
Stamford Bridge (1030-1066)
Denmark (1204)
The Black Death (ca. 1340)
Reign of Gustavus Vasa (1523-
1560)
Goran Perrson (ca. 1560)
Life of Gustat Ericson Vasa (1568-
1606)
Dawn of the Gustavian period
Charles X and Charles XI (1654-
1697)
Charles XII (1697-1700)
Charles XII (ca. 1697-1719)
Charles XII; Battle of Pultowa
(1697-1718)
The Great Swedish War (1699-
1718)
Ivar the Viking
The Saga of Jarl the Neat-
herd (juv.)
Kormak the Viking (juv.)
A Man's Fear
*Erling the Bold
The Vikings of the Baltic
Olaf the Glorious (juv.)
*The Thrall of Leif the Lucky
The Norsemen in the West
(juv.)
Grettir the Outlaw (juv.)
*The Fall of Asgard
Harold the Norseman (juv.)
Waldemar
"Singoalla:
Legend
Karine
a Mediaeval
* Royal Favour
Not for Crown or Sceptre
(juv.)
The Times of Alchemy
Times of Battle and Rest
A Jacobite Exile (juv.)
Times of Charles XII
"A King and His Campaigners
Monsieur Martin
Paul Du Chaillu
H. Escott Inman
J. F. Hodgetts
H. Drummond
R. M. Ballantyne
Sir G. W. Dasent
Robert Leighton
Ottilie A. Liljencrantz
R. M. Ballantyne
S. Baring-Gould
Julian Corbett
Fred Whishaw
B. S. Ingemann
(trans.)
Viktor Rydberg
Wilhelm Jensen
(trans.)
A. S. C. Wallis
(trans.)
D. Alcock
Zachris Topelius
Zachris Topelius
G. A. Henty
Zachris Topelius
Verner von Heidenstam
(trans.)
Wymond Carey
HISTORICAL NOVELS
881
SCANDINAVIA continued
Life in the 18th century
The period succeeding: the reign of
Charles XII (1741 et seq.)
Progress of Industrialism (18th cen-
tury)
Caroline Matilda and Marie An-
toinette (1772-1792)
Events that led to the assassination
of Gustavus III of Sweden (1789-
1792)
The Isle of Man in the days of the
Napoleonic Wars
Struggle of the peasants against re-
action
The Snow Man
The Times of Frederick I
The Barque Future; Life in
the Far North
Two Queens
"The King with Two Faces
The Bondman
(Emanuel; or, Children of
] the Soil
f The Promised Land (sequel)
George Sand (trans.)
Zachris Topelius
J. L. I. Lie
J. G. L. Heselriel
M. E. Coleridge
Hall Caine
Henrik Pontoppidan
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
Hungary the Tartar Invasion
(13th century)
The Hussites wars in Bohemia
(early 15 th century)
Bohemia, Prague, Burgstein, and
England (1422-1432)
Of Old Styria (1493)
Jews in Prague
Elizabeth of Bohemia and offer of
Crown to Charles
Hungary (middle 17th century)
The Carpathian District John
Sobieski and the Turks
Transylvania and the struggle with
the Turks (1666)
The Turks in Hungary (1674-1690)
The Tyrol (1685-1688)
Late 17th century life
Maria Theresa, Haydn, Metastasio,
and Frederick the Great (1740-
1786)
Moravia (1 771-1773)
Vienna in the last decade of the
1 8th century
The Alpine forests (ca. 1800;
"Neath the Hoof of the Tar-
tar; or, The Scourge of God
"The Gleaming Dawn
The Cardinal's Page
The God Seeker
Gabriel
The Last of the Cliffords
Pretty Michal
The Wizard King
'Midst the Wild Carpathians
The Slaves of the Padishah
The Courtship of Morrice
Buckler
Told by the Death's Head: a
Romantic Tale
f *Consuelo
j *The Countess of Rudol
' stadt (sequel)
The Pride of Jennico
i
The Hungarian Brothers
The Forest Schoolmaster
Baron Nicolas Josika
(trans.)
James Baker
James Baker
Peter K. Rosegger
S. Kohn
Eliza F. Pollard
Maurus Jokai (trans.)
David Ker
Maurus Jokai (trans.)
Maurus Jokai (trans.)
Arthur Edward Wood-
ley Mason
Maurus J6kai (trans.)
George Sand (trans.)
Agnes and Egerton
Castle
Anna Maria Porter
Peter Rosegger
882
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY continued
SDBTECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
Hungary in Napoleonic period
(1804-1809)
*The Nameless Castle
Maurus Jokai
(trans.)
Hungarian life (early 19th cen-
tury)
The Day of Wrath
Maurus Jokai
(trans.)
Bavaria in Napoleon's time, and
Hofer's insunection in Tyrol
At Odds
Baroness Tautpheus
The Tyrolese struggle under Hofer
(1809)
( "With the Red Eagle
I *A Red Bridal (sequel) )
William Westall
The insurrection in the Tyrol (1809-
1810)
Andreas Hofer
Louise Muhlbach (Mrs
C. M. Mundt)
Life in Hungary (ca. 1822)
*An Hungarian Nabob
Maurus Jokai
(trans.)
Carpathian district (1835)
For the Right
Karl Emil Franzos
(trans.)
Hungarian Revolution (1848)
The Baron's Sons
Maurus Jokai
(trans.)
Transylvania (1848-1859)
*Manasseh
Maurus Jokai (trans.)
Political movements in Hungary
(19th century)
*Eyes Like the Sea
Maurus Jokai (trans.)
Hungarian Revolution (1848)
Debts of Honour
Maurus Jokai (trans.)
The Revolution in Vienna (1848)
The Storm Bird
Axel Lundegard
Hungarian Revolution (1848-1859)
*The New Landlord
Maurus Jokai (trans.)
The Crimean War period (1854-
1855)
The Interpreter
G. J. Whyte Melville
GERMANY
From the great migration to the
time of Charlemagne
Heidelberg under the Romans (4th
century)
The German migrations (476 a.d.)
Charlemagne (ca. 800)
The Huns (10th century)
Black Forest Frederick (I) Bar-
barossa (12th century)
Cologne and Robber Barons of
the Rhine (12th century)
Robber Knights (beginning of 13th
century)
The Vehmgericht of Westphalia
Thuringia and the suppression of
the robber knights by Rudolf I
(13th century)
*Our Forefathers (Die Ahnen)
Jetta
*Felicitas
Passe Rose
*Ekkehard
Hohenzollern (juv.)
Farina
The Castle of Ehrenstein
The Strong Arm
The Saint of Dragon's Dale:
a Fantastic Tale
Gustav Freytag
(trans.)
George Taylor (trans.)
Felix Dahn
A. S. Hardy
Johann Victor von
Scheffel (trans.)
Cyrus T. Brady
George Meredith
G. P. R. James
Robert Barr
William Stearns Davis
HISTORICAL NOVELS
883
GERMANY continued
SUBJECT
Nurcmburg (early 15th century)
Bohemia (middle of 15th century)
The father of Erasmus (ca. 1470)
Robber barons (1472-1531)
Charles the Bold, the Switzers, and
Margaret of Anjou
The Renaissance period
Berlin (late 15th century)
Reformation times in Switzerland
(1514-1525)
Nuremberg, prior to the Reforma-
tion (i57)
Wurtemburg (1519)
Luther and His Family
The Peasants' War
Manners in Pomerania (early 10th
century)
Duke Maurice of Saxony, Charles
V, and Luther (i539-i5S3)
Charles V and the Protestants
(1546-1576)
Erastus; Lutherans, Calvinists, and
Catholics
Frederick V, Elector Palatine
(1619-1622)
Thirty Years* War; Tilly and
Richelieu (1619-1648)
Thirty Years' War Scotch sol-
dier of fortune (1626-1629)
Pomerania in times of Gustavus
Adolphus (late 17th century)
Gustavus Adolphus
The Finns and the Croats in the
Thirty Years' War
Wallenstein and the siege of
Stralsund (1628)
Scotsmen in Army of Gustavus
Adolphus
Thuringia in the Thirty Years' War
(1632)
Gustavus Adolphus in Germany
(1632-1648)
Margery, a Tale of Old
Nuremberg
The Cardinal's Page
*The Cloister and the Hearth
'The Dove in the Eagle's Nest
Anne of Geierstein; or, The
Maiden of the Mist
Joan of the Sword Hand
The Burgomaster of Berlin
True Heart
In the Blue Pike
Marie of Lichtenstein
Chronicles of the Schonberg
Cotta Family
In the Olden Time
Sklonia the Sorceress
The Duke's Page; or, In the
Days of Luther
Barbara Blomberg
Klytia
Heidelberg
Baron and Squire
Philip Rollo
The Amber Witch
The King's Ring
A Trooper of the Finns
(juv.)
A Brave Resolve
The Lion of the North (juv.)
My Lady Rotha
Memoirs of a Cavalier
Georg M. Ebers
(trans,)
James Baker
Charles Reade
Charlotte M. Yonge
Sir Walter Scott
S. R. Crockett
Wilibald Alexis
(trans.)
Frederick Breton
Georg M. Ebers (trans.)
Wilhelm Hauff
Elizabeth Charles
Margaret Roberts
J. Wilhelm Meinhold
Sarah M. S. Clarke
Georg M. Ebers (trans.)
George Taylor (trans.)
G. P. R. James
Wilhelm Noeldechen
James Grant
J. Wilhelm Meinhold
Zachris Topelius
(trans.)
Tom Bevan
Jacob B. de Liefde
G. A. Henty
Stanley J. Weyman
Defoe
884
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
GERMANY continued
SUBJECT
Thirty Years' War Villingen
( i 633-1 634)
Thirty Years' War just prior to
the battle of Nordhngen (1633-
1634)
Gustavus Adolphus and Wallen-
stein
Thirty Years' War the Dukes of
Wolfmark
Thirty Years' War Turenne and
Mazarin
Augustus the Strong, Elector of
Saxony, and King of Poland
( 1 706-1 727)
Protestantism
Frederick William I of Prussia and
his Giant Grenadiers
Frederick William I of Prussia and
the Giant Grenadiers (1730)
Early life of Frederick the Great;
the execution of Katte (1712-
1730)
Maria Theresa; the Seven Years'
War (1756-1763)
The Seven Years' War (1756-1763)
The Seven Years' War (1756-1763)
Frederick the Great and the battles
of the Seven Years' War (1756-
1763)
The Seven Years' War (1 756-1 763)
Moses Mendelssohn (ca. 1 729-1 786)
Frederick the Great and his Friends
Saxony during the Napoleonic Wars
Bavaria in the Napoleonic Wars
( 1 800-1 809)
Westphalia in time of Jerome Bona-
parte (1807-1813)
Napoleonic Wars (1812-1813)
French occupation of Mecklenburg
French in Prussia (1814-1815)
Foreign wars (1 864-1870)
Austro-Prussian and Franco-German
Wars (1866-1870)
Beleaguered
Klosterheim
The Fortune-Hunter
Red Axe
Won by the Sword (juv.)
The Countess Cosel
Claude the Colporteur (juv.)
The King's " Blue Boys "
(juv.)
The Red Cravat
The Little Marquis of Brand-
enburg
The Lively Adventures of
Gavin Hamilton
Under which King?
With Frederick the Great
(juv.)
A Gendarme of the King
*A Fallen Star
Poet and Merchant
Berlin and Sans Souci
The Fiddler of Lugau
At Odds
Love and Honour
Face to Face with Napoleon
(juv.)
In the Year '13
*Regina
Lay Down Your Arms
John of Gerisau
AUTHOR
Herman T. Koerner
Thomas De Quincey
Harold Molander
S. R. Crockett
G. A. Henty
J. I. Kraszewski
Anne Manning
Sheila E. Braine
Alfred Tresidder Shep-
pard
W. R. H. Trowbridge
Molly E. Seawell
Hubert Rendel
G. A. Henty
Philip L. Stevenson
C. Lowe
Berthold Auerbach
Louise Muhlbach
Margaret Roberts
Baroness J. von Taut-
pheus
M. E. Carr
O. V. Caine
Fritz Reuter (trans.)
Hermann Sudermann
Baroness von Suttner
(trans.)
John Oxenham
HISTORICAL NOVELS
885
GERMANY continued
SUBJECT
Austro-Prussian War (1866)
The Austrian War
Life in Mecklenburg (1 870-1 871)
Social life in Germany (ca. 1873)
"For Scepter and Crown
Maid, Wife, or Widow?
*Seed Time and Harvest
*The Breaking of the Storm
G. Samarow (trans.)
Mrs. Alexander
Fritz Reuter
F. Spielhagen
AFRICA
Central Africa (ca. 1700)
The Golden Kingdom (juv.)
Andrew Balfour
A Jacobite refugee in the neighbor-
hood of Capetown (1746-1748)
*An Exiled Scot: Passages in
the Life of Ranald Cam-
eron
H. A. Bryden
The Great Trek (1836)
Swallow
H. Rider Haggard
British South Africa in the
Forties
The War of the Axe (juv.)
J. Percy Groves
Kaffir wars (1834-1851)
Sword and Assegai
Anna Howarth
Zulu Wars; Dingaan and
kasi (1836-1840)
Umzili-
The Induna's Wife
Bertram Mitford
The jjreat epidemic of small-pox
(1859)
Katrina: a Tale of the
Karao
Anna Howarth
Zulu and Boer Wars (1873
-1879)
The Young Colonists (juv.)
G. A. Henty
The Ashanti War (1877)
By Sheer Pluck (juv.)
G. A. Henty
Kaffir Wars
'Tween Snow and Fire
Bertram Mitford
Zulus' (1877-1878)
A Romance of the Cape
Frontier
Bertram Mitford
Zululand (1 870-1 879)
The Gun-Runner
Bertram Mitford
Zululand
The Luck of Gerald Ridgeley
Bertram Mitford
Zulu War
The Word of the Sorceress
Bertram Mitford
Zulus
Haviland's Chum
Bertram Mitford
Zulu War, Isandhlwana,
Drift and Ulundi
Rorke's
The Yellow Shield (juv.)
William Johnston
Boer War (1881)
Cease Fire
J. Mac Laren Cobban
Matabeleland (ca. 1890-1893)
The Sign of the Spider
Bertram Mitford
Matabeleland (1893)
The King's Assegai
Bertram Mitford
Matabeleland
The White Witch of the
Matabele (juv.)
Fred Whishaw
Rhodesianism
Atbara and Omdurman
Trooper Peter Halket of
Mashonaland
With Kitchener in the Sou-
dan (juv.)
Olive Schreiner
G. A. Henty
Battle off Omdurman
The Four Feathers
Arthur Edward Wood-
ley Mason
886
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
AFRICA continued
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
Cecil Rhodes (1853-1902)
The Colossus
Morley Roberts
Transvaal
Prinsloo of Prinsloosdorf
Douglas Blackburn
Life of Dutch and English in the
Transvaal
Nora Lester
Anna Howarth
Transvaal
A Daughter of the Transvaal
Alys Lowth
Transvaal
Under the Sjambok
George Hansby Russell
Boer invasion
Aletta
Bertram Mitford
Boer War
(1900)
From the Front: Stories from
the Seat of War
Anonymous
Magersfont
ein (1900-1901)
The Eternal Quest
J. A. Steuart
Boer War
(1900-1902)
For the Queen in South
Africa
C. D. Haskins
Boer War
(1900)
Three Scouts (juv.)
Fred Wishaw
Boer War
( 1 900-1 901)
*Derwent's Horse
Victor Rousseau
Boer War
( 1 900-1 901)
Taken by Assault
Morley Roberts
Boer War
(1900-1901)
One of the Fighting Scouts:
a Tale of Guerrilla Warfare
in South Africa (juv.)
F. S. Brereton
Boer War
( 1 900-1 901)
*Max Thornton (juv.)
Ernest Glanville
Boer War
(1900-1901)
Driscoll, King of Scouts
A. G. Hales
Australians in the Boer War
(1900-1902)
Plain and Veldt
J. H. M. Abbott
Boer War
(1900-1902)
Abraham's Sacrifice
Gustaf Janson (trans.)
CANADA
Early Canada
Jacques Cartier (ca. 1542)
The struggle between the Estab-
lished Church and Puritanism in
Bermuda (time of James I of
England)
Quebec, New England and Acadia
(1637-1647)
Acadia (1645)
Mme. Hutchinson and the Indians
French in Canada (1660)
Old Indian wars
Canadians of Old
Marguerite de Roberval
Mary Paget
The Plowshare and the
Sword: a Tale of Empire
(juv.)
*The Lady of Fort St. John
(juv.)
The Golden Arrow
*The Romance of Dollard
The White Islander
S. A. de Gaspe
T. G. Marquis
Minna Caroline Smith
Ernest George Henham
Mary Hartwell Ca'her-
wood
Ruth Hall
Mary Hartwell Cather-
wood
Mary Hartwell Cather-
wood
HISTORICAL NOVELS
887
CANADA continued
SUBJECT
French wars
France and Acadia
The French and Indian Wars
French in Canada
LaSalle (1678-1687)
LaSalle and Henri de Tonty
French Occupation of Canada
(1687)
French Occupation of Canada (ca.
1690-1700)
Quebec, in the days of Louis XV
(1697)
The capture of Louisburg (174s)
The capture of Louisburg
The capture of Louisburg
Acadia in the French and English
wars ( 1 746-1 747)
Louisburg and Quebec (1746-1759)
Penrith, Westerham, and Canada;
Wolfe
The Expulsion of the Acadians
(i755)
Capture of Ticonderoga Battle of
Quebec; Montcalm and Wolfe
(1758-1760)
Wolfe's campaign (i7S5 -I 759)
Ticonderoga and Quebec (1758-
I77S)
Capture of Quebec (ca. 1 759-1763)
Capture of Quebec
Life in the northwest (early 19th
century)
French Refugees on the shores of
Lake Ontario (early 19th cen-
tury)
The Hudson Bay Company
Great fur-trading companies
Papineau's insurrection (1837)
Canadian Rebellion (1837-1838)
The Chase of Saint Castin
A Daughter of France (juv.)
The Prisoner of Mademoiselle
A Daughter of New France
*The Story of Tonty (juv.)
A Rose of Normandy
The Road to Frontenac
The Trail of the Sword
*The Golden Dog (Le Chien d'
Or)
Boys of 1745
Fife and Drum at Louisbourg
Englishman's Haven (juv.)
The Forge in the Forest
The Span o' Life
Amyot Brough (juv.)
A Sister to Evangeline
A Soldier of Manhattan
With Wolfe in Canada (juv.)
Fort Amity
The Quiberon Touch
The Seats of the Mighty
Old Kaskaskia (juv.)
The Trail of the Grand
Seigneur
Conjurer's House
Lords of the North
The Pomp of the Lavilettes
The Old Judge; or Life in
a Colony
Mary Hartwell Cather-
wood
Eliza F. Pollard
Charles George Douglas
Roberts
Mary C. Crowley
Mary Hartwell Cather-
wood
William R. A. Wilson
Samuel Merwin
Sir Gilbert Parker
William Kirby
James Otis
J. Macdonald Oxley
W. J. Gordon
Charles George Doug'
las Roberts
William McLennan and
Jean N. Mcllwraith
E. Vincent Briton
Charles George Douglas
Roberts
Joseph A. Altsheler
G. A. Henty
A. T. Quiller Couch
Cyrus T. Brady
Sir Gilbert Parker
Mary Hartwell Cather-
wood
Olin L. Lyman
Stewart Edward White
Agnes C. Laut
Sir Gilbert Parker
Thomas Chandler Hal-
iburton
888
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
CANADA continued
SUBJECT
Fenian movement
Hudson Bay Company (i 867-1 869)
Louis Riel Rebellion (1869-1870)
Red River Expedition (1871)
Lome Administration in New-
foundland (1878-1883)
Riel's rebellion (1885)
TITLE
In the Midst of Alarms
The Silent Places
Menotah (juv.)
The Red Man's Revenge
(juv.)
Under the Great Seal
The Prodigal's Brother
Robert Barr
Stewart Edward White
Ernest G. Henham
R. M. Ballantyne
Joseph Hatton
John Mackie
AUSTRALIA and NEW ZEALAND
The Maoris (1777)
Founding of New South Wales
(1764-1793)
The Mutiny of the " Bounty "
( 1 789-1 790)
Botany Bay
Botany Bay (early 19th century)
Tasmania (ca. 1830)
Norfolk Island
Norfolk Island
Early New South Wales
Ballarat gold-fields, Inkerman, and
England (1853)
Life of immigrants in Melbourne
and at the Goldfields (ca. 1850)
Victoria (ca. 1850)
Australia in the Sixties
Maori War in New Zealand (the
sixties)
The New Zealand War (the six-
ties)
Outside and Overseas (juv.)
*A First Fleet Family
The Mutineer
Helen Adair
This Man's Wife
For the Term of His Natural
Life
Tales of Early Australian
Days
Tales of the Isle of Death
The Rogue's March
Denis Dent
Stephen Kyrle; an Australian
Story
The Wisdom of Esau
Euancondit
War to the Knife; or, Tau-
gata Maori
Maori and Settler (juv.)
George Makgill
G. Louis Becke and
Walter Jeffery
G. Louis Becke and
Walter Jeffery
G. Louis Becke
G. Manville Fenn
Marcus A. H. Clarke
Price Waning
Price Warung
E. W. Hornung
E. W. Hornung
Mrs. T. R. Andrews
R. L. Outhwaite and C.
H. Chomley
Henry Goldsmith
Rolf Boldrewood
G. A. Henty
SOUTH AMERICA
Antiquarian discoveries
Conquest of Peru (ca. 1 524-1 533)
The Aztec Treasure-House:
a Romance of Contempo-
raneous Antiquity
The Inca's Ransom
Thomas A. Janvier
Albert Lee
HISTORICAL NOVELS
889
SOUTH AMERICA continued
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
The conquest of Peru (ca. 1524-
1533)
The Virgin of the Sun
George Griffith
Peru after the conquest by the
Spaniards (ca. 1561-1588)
Under the Southern Cross
(juv.)
Deborah Alcock
The Peruvian struggle for Inde-
pendence (1821-1824)
*At the Point of the Sword
(juv.)
Herbert Hayens
The Pampas (1879)
*E1 Ombii
W. H. Hudson
MEXICO and CENTRAL AMERICA
Conquest of Mexico
By Right of Conquest (juv.)
G. A. Henty
Conquest of Mexico
The Fair God
Lew Wallace
Conquest of Mexico
Montezuma's Daughh
H. Rider Haggard
Cortez and his defeat of Monte-
zuma (1519-1521)
The White Conquerors of
Mexico (juv.)
Kirk Munroe
Spain and Mexico; the daughter
of Montezuma
The Spoils of Empire
Francis N. Thorpe
Yucatan (16th century)
Maya; a Story of Yucatan
William Dudley Foulke
The project for seizing Panama
from the Spaniards (1698)
A Gentleman Adventurer
J. Bloundelle Burton
Maximilian's empire (1865-1867)
Roderick Taliaferro
George Oram Cook
WEST INDIES
Buccaneers (1672-ca. 1700)
Leonard Lindsay
A. B. Reach
Loss of the Hispaniola plate off
San Domingo (1683)
The Hispaniola Plate
J. Bloundelle Burton
Martinique; the girlhood of Jose-
phine, Empress of the French
Mamzelle Fifine
Eleanor Atkinson
Toussaint L'Ouverture; Hayti and
France (1791-1803)
*The Hour and the Man
Harriet Martineau
Rebellion against the whites in
Hayti
*Bug-Jargal
Victor Hugo
The Black Insurrection of Hayti
( 1 791-1804)
Martinique (1848)
A Roving Commission (juv.)
Youma
G. A. Henty
Lafcadio Hearn
Cuba
Conspiracy
A. Badeau
Cuba (ca. 1858)
A Cuban Expedition
J. H. Bloomfield
Cuban Rebellion (ca. 1870)
Caoba, the Guerrilla Chief
P. H. Emerson
890
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
DISCOVERY OF AMERICA
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
Pre-Columban Discovery of Amer-
ica (986-1006)
The Norsemen in the West
(juv.)
R. M. Ballantyne
Viking settlers
The Vinland Champions
(juv.)
Ottilie A. Liljencrantz
Columbus's voyage (1460-1493)
Mercedes of Castile (juv.)
J. Fenimore Cooper
Christopher Columbus (1492)
Westward With Columbus
Gordon Stables
Columbus
Out of the Sunset Sea
Alboin W. Tourgee
Columbus
Columbia (juv.)
John R. Musick
THE UNITED STATES
Florida; Hernando de Soto (ca.
1519-1542)
The Huguenots in Florida (ca.
1564-1567)
Struggle between French and
Spaniards for possession of Flor-
ida (1565)
The Lost Colony (late 16th cen-
tury)
Dutch in New York
Pilgrim Fathers (ca. 1620)
The Pilgrims
Colonial times
Miles Standish
Pilgrim Fathers
Pilgrim Fathers; Indians
Old Virginia (1622)
Old Virginia (1622)
Plymouth Colony
Maryland (1636)
Connecticut Valley (1638)
Massachusetts and Rhode Island
( 1 640-1 650)
Maryland (1644)
Dutch Colonists in Hudson River
Districts (1 640-1 650)
Quaker persecutions (ca. 1652)
Vasconcelos (juv.)
The Flamingo Feather (juv.)
The Sword of Justice
John Vytal
Knickerbocker's History of
New York
'Standish of Standish (juv.)
Betty Alden
David Alden's Daughter
Soldier Rigdale
The Little Chief (juv.)
Longfeather the Peacemaker
(juv.)
( *By Order of the Company )
I To have and to Hold J
The Head of a Hundred
Merry-Mount
Mistress Brent
The Bay Path
A New England Cactus
Sir Christopher
Antonia
The Making of Christopher
Ferringham
W. Gilmore Simms
Kirk Munroe
Sheppard Stevens
William F. Payson
Washington Irving
J. G. Austin
J. G. Austin
J. G. Austin
Beulah Marie Dix
Eliza F. Pollard
Kirk Munroe
Mary Johnston
Maud W. Goodwin
J. L. Motley
Lucy M. Thruston
Josiah Gilbert Holland
Frank Pope Humphiey
Maud Wilder Goodwin
Jessie Van Zile Belden
Beulah Marie Dix
HISTORICAL NOVELS
891
THE UNIITED STATES continued
Indian warfare and conflicts be-
tween French and English on the
frontier
New Amsterdam and Long Island
(middle 17th century)
Puritans in Massachusetts (1650)
Virginia under the Restoration
Founding of New York and Mary-
land (1664)
Devon settlers in old Virginia and
Massachusetts Bay
La Salle (ca. 1669)
La Salle
King Philip's War (ca. 1675-1676)
King Philip's War (1675-1676)
Caseo Bay, Maine; Indian raids
(1676)
Bacon's rebellion in Virginia
(1676)
Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia
(1676)
Plymouth Colony (ca. 1675)
La Salle
Frontier life in Louisiana (ca.
1680)
Tobacco riots in Virginia (1682)
South Carolina (1684)
The Florida border (ca. 1685)
Sir William Phips; witchcraft per-
secutions (1686)
Lincolnshire and America (1687-
1697)
Jacob Leisler and the militia in-
surrection (1688-1691)
Jacob Leisler and the militia in-
surrection (1689-1690)
Witchcraft trials at Salem and
Boston ( 1 691-1692)
Connecticut valley
The Block House on the
Prairie
Maid of Montauks
The Scarlet Letter
*The Old Dominion (Pris-
oners of Hope)
Barnaby Lee (juv.)
*King Noanett
The Young Pioneers (juv.)
With Sword and Crucifix
The Wept of the Wish-Ton-
Wish (juv.)
Uncrowning a King
An Island Refuge (juv.)
White Aprons
Vivian of Virginia
A Nameless Nobleman )
Dr. Le Baron and his >
Daughters (sequel) )
Robert Cavalier
The Black Wolf's Breed
The Heart's Highway
The Cassique of Kiawah
(juv.)
When the Land Was Young
The Coast of Freedom
Children of Wrath
In Leisler's Times (juv.)
The Begum's Daughter
The Black Shilling (juv.)
Steadfast
Friedrich Spielhagen
Forest Monroe
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Mary Johnston
John Bennett
F. J. Stimson
Evelyn Everett Green
E. S. Van Zile
J. Fenimore Cooper
E. S. Ellis
James Otis [J. O. Kaleu-]
Maud W. Goodwin
Hulbert Fuller
J. G. Austin
William Dana Orcutt
Harris Dickson
Mary E. Wilkins
W. Gilmore Simms
Lafayette McLaws
Adele Marie Shaw
J. Provand Webster
Elbridge S. Brooks
Edwin L. Bynner
Amelia E. Barr
Rose Terry Cooke
892
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
THE UNIITED STATES continued
SUBJECT
South Carolina, the Indian Con-
spiracy (171 5)
Colonial New York (18th century)
John Law (ca. 1704-1729)
Mississippi scheme
Boston (middle of 18th century)
Boston (i75S)
Valley of the Shenandoah (1748-
1781)
The early days of Washington
(1755)
Dutch society in New York (1757)
Dutch in New York (1756)
Washington and Braddock's defeat
(1754-1773)
Frontier and Indian life (1756-
1760)
Struggles of French and English in
the Mississippi Valley (1762)
Siege of Detroit by Pontiac (ca.
1763-1765)
Pontiac's War (1763-1765)
Early career of Washington (1756-
1783)
The Pennsylvania woods and Bun-
ker Hill ( 1 760-1 780)
French War (1758)
Roger's Rangers (1758-1759)
New England life (18th century)
Indian war
Indian wars
Pontiac (1763)
Life in Virginia (1 763-1 765)
Colonial Period
New York before and during the
Revolution
The Yemassee
Free to Serve
The Mississippi Bubble
John Law
Agnes Surriage
Free Soil, Free Soul
Fairfax
With Washington in the
West
The Domine's Garden
The Bow of Orange Ribbon
A Soldier of Virginia
The Leatherstocking Ro-
mances
A Spectre of Power
At War with Pontiac (juv.)
The Heroine of the Strait
The Virginians
The Road to Paris: a Story
of Adventure
The Story of Old Fort Lon-
don
Ben Comee (juv.)
Twicetold Tales
Mosses from an Old Manse
Silence; and other Stories
A Sword of the Old Frontier
The Virginia Comedians
Bonnybel Vane
Leather Stocking and Silk
Maurice Mystery
My Lady Pokahontas
Stories of the Old Dominion
Surry of Eagle's Nest
. Virginia Bohemians
Cardigan )
The Maid at Arms 5
W. Gilmore Simms
E. Rayner
Emerson Hough
W. Harrison Ainsworth
Edwin L. Bynner
Lucas Cleeve
John Esten Cooke
Edward Stratemeyer
Imogen Clark
Amelia E. Barr
Burton Egbert Steven-
son
J. Fenimore Cooper
C. E. Craddock
Kirk Munroe
Mary C. Crowley
William Makepeace
Thackeray
Robert Neilson Ste-
phens
C. E. Craddock
Michael Joseph Canavan
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Mary E. Wilkins
Randall Parrish
John Esten Cooke
John Esten Cooke
Robert W. Chambers
HISTORICAL NOVELS
893
THE UNIITED STATES continued
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
Georgia and the Savannahs in the
i 8th century
Return
Grace MacGowan and
Alice MacGowan
Cooke
Outbreak of the Revolution, the
state of public feeling, Boston
Massacre, Tea Party, and battle
of Lexington (i 767-1 776)
Daughters of the Revolution
and their Times
Charles C. Coffin
Undergraduate life at Yale before
the war, and adventures with the
American Army
Brinton Eliot; from Yale to
Yorktown
James Farmer
New England in the early days of
the Revolution
From Kingdom to Colony
Mary Devereux
The Boston Tea-Party and the seige
of Boston (1772-1776)
The Colonials
Allen French
Boston; Washington and Warren
(1773-1776)
Old Boston (juv.)
A. de Grasse Stevens
Frontier fighting at the outbreak
of the Revolution
Won in Warfare (juv.)
Charles Kenyon
Shenandoah (1 774-1775)
Henry St. John
John Esten Cooke
The Revolution
True to the Old Flag (juv.)
G. A. Henty
Boston; battle of Bunker Hill
(i77S)
Lionel Lincoln
J. Fenimore Cooper
Benedict Arnold and Montgomery's
failure before Quebec (177s)
At the Siege of Quebec
James Otis
[J. O. Kaler]
The siege of Boston (1775)
My Lady Laughter
Dwight Tilton
The siege of Boston (177s)
Under Colonial Colours
(juv.)
E. T. Tomlinson
Ticonderoga and Burgoyne's inva-
sion (I77S-I777)
The Green Mountain Boys
(juv.)
Daniel Pierce Thompson
The New Jersey Campaign (1776-
1777)
Washington's Young Aids
(juv.)
E. T. Tomlinson
South Carolina (ca. 1776)
Doris Kingsley
Emma Rayner
South Carolina (1757-1780)
*Horse Shoe Robinson
J. P. Kennedy
North Carolina during the Revo-
lution
Joscelyn Cheshire
Sara Beaumont
Kennedy
The South in the Revolution
( The Partisan )
< Mellichampe
( Katherine Walton )
William Gilmore Simms
The South in the Revolution
( The Foragers )
( Eutaw )
William Gilmore Simms
Aaron Burr and Theodosia Prevost;
Pennsylvania and New York
(i777)
The Stirrup Cup
J. Audrey Tyson
The New Jersey campaign (1777)
In the Camp of Cornwallis
(juv.)
E. T. Tomlintoa
George Rogers Clarke (1779)
The Rangers
N. P. Thompson
894
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
THE UNITED STATES
continued
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
Washington's campaigns from the
battle of Brandywine to Valley
Forge ( i 777-1 778)
A Lieutenant under Wash-
ington (juv.)
E. T. Tomlinson
Washington, Hamilton, Paul Re-
vere, Nathan Hale
Guert Ten Eyck (juv.)
W. O. Stoddard
Capitulation of Burgoyne (1777)
*The Sun of Saratoga
Joseph A. Altsheler
Life among the Dutch of the Hud-
son Valley (1757-1780)
In the Valley
Harold Frederic
Maryland and Connecticut (1760-
1778)
Barbara Ladd
Charles George Doug-
las Roberts
Battle of Yorktown and St. Clair's
Expedition (1 776-1 781)
The Heritage
Burton Egbert Steven-
son
John Paul Jones (1 778-1 779)
*The Pilot (juv.)
J. Fenimore Cooper
Siege of New York (1779)
A Song of a Single Note
(juv.)
Amelia E. Barr
John Paul Jones
The Tory Lover
Sarah Orne Jewett
Washington and other heroes of
the Revolution (1780)
The Spy (juv.)
J. Fenimore Cooper
Fort Vincennes; Clark's conquest
(1780)
Alice of Old Vincennes
Maurice Thompson
Benedict Arnold and Major Andre
(1780)
*A Great Treason
Mary A. M. Hoppus
West Point; time of Arnold's
treachery (1780)
Cadet Days (juv.)
Charles King
Washington, Lafayette, and Bene-
dict Arnold (ca. 1780)
In Blue and White (juv.)
Elbridge S. Brooks
Washington New Jersey and New
York
Janice Meredith
Paul Leicester Ford
Maryland and London
Richard Carvel
Winston Churchill
George Washington Philadelphia
Hugh Wynne
S. Weir Mitchell
New York and London (1 763-1 786)
Philip Winwood
R. N. Stephens
New York and South Carolina
Scouting for Washington
(juv.)
J. P. True
Greene and Morgan; Tarleton and
Cornwallis (1780)
Morgan's Men
J. P. True
Greene's retreat through the Caro-
linas (1781)
On Guard Against Tory and
Tarleton
J. P. True
Lafayette's campaign and the sur-
render of Cornwallis (1 773-1 781)
The Scarlet Coat (juv.)
Clinton Ross
Oneidas and Washington (1781)
The Reckoning
Robert W. Chambers
Massachusetts ; Shays's Rebellion
(1786-1787)
The Duke of Stockbridge
Edward Bellamy
George Rogers Clark
The Crossing
Winston Churchill
HISTORICAL NOVELS
895
THE UNITED STATES continued
New York (1791)
New England settlers in Ohio (late
1 8th century)
Campaign against the Indians in
Ohio (1792)
Virginia, England, and Continental
Europe; the Prince Regent, Sher-
idan, Napoleon, and Goethe (ca.
I79S)
Kentucky (179s)
Alexander Hamilton (1757-1804)
American quarrel with France
' (1798-1800)
The American quarrel with France
(i799)
New York (ca. 1800)
America and Paris prior to the
Louisiana purchase (1803)
The Louisiana purchase (1803)
Aaron Burr
Aaron Burr
Indian warfare in Kentucky
The western expedition of Aaron
Burr (1804)
Social life in a Massachusetts vil-
lage (ca. 1800)
Creole life in New Orleans
Newport (ca. 1800)
The Dauphin Louis XVII (ca.
(1803)
Puritan life and character (ca.
1803)
Kentucky; the battle of Tippe-
canoe
Indiana; Tippecanoe campaign
(1811)
Pirates of the Gulf of Mexico
and the defense of Orleans
Jean Lafitte and Napoleon; France
and New Orleans
Attack on Washington and the bat-
tle of New Orleans (1811-1815)
War of 1812
The Maid of Maiden Lane
East and West; a story of
New Ohio
On the Frontier with St.
Clair (juv.)
"The Mills of God
The Choir Invisible
*The Conqueror
Little Jarvis
The _ Cruise of the " Enter-
prise "
Trinity Bells
In the Eagle's Talon
Philip Nolan's Friends
Blennerhassett
A Son of the Revolution
Nick o' the Woods; or, The
Jibbenainosay
Zachary Phips
( Oldtown Folks
< Sam Lawson's Oldtown
( Fireside Stories
The Grandissimes
The Minister's Wooing
Lazarre
The Beau's Comedy
Round Anvil Rock
Roxy
Out of the Cypress Swamp
Lafitte of Louisiana
*A Herald of the West
Boy Soldiers of 1812 (juv.)
Amelia E. Barr
Edward Everett Hale
Charles Wood
Elinor Macartney Lane
J. Lane Allen
Gertrude Atherton
Molly E. Seawell
James Otis [J. O. Kaler]
Amelia E. Barr
Sheppard Stevens
Evelyn Everett Hale
C. F. Pidgin
Elbridge S. Brooks
Robert Montgomery
Bird
Edwin Lassetter Bynner
Harriet Beecher Stowe
George W. Cable
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Mary Hartwell Cather-
wood
Marie Beulah Dix and
Carrie A. Harper
Nancy H. Banks
Edward Eggleston
Edith Rickert
Mary Devereux
Joseph A. Altsheler
E. T. Tomlinson
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
THE UNITED STATES continued
SUBJECT
War of 1812
Duel between the " Constitution "
and the " Guerriere "
Battle of Lake Champlain (1812)
Fighting with Indians during War
of 1812
The Last Cruise of the " Essex "
(1814)
Tecumseh and Tippecanoe (1812)
Massacre of Fort Dearborn (1812)
War of 1812
Farragut and Porter (181 2-18 14)
British attack on Baltimore
General Jackson; Mobile and New
Orleans (18 14)
Naval engagements (1811-1815)
War-period of 1812-1813
Dutch in New York (181 2-1 8 14)
War with Tripoli (1815)
California war of independence
(ca. 1 830-1 840)
Southampton massacre (1831)
Far west in the thirties; Lincoln
and Jefferson Davis
Texas Rebellion against the
Mexicans (1835-1836)
Florida Second War with the
Seminoles (1835-1842)
Texas revolution (1836)
Catholic missions in California
(early 19th century)
California under the Spaniards
Creoles in New Orleans
Joseph Smith (1823-1844)
John Brown at Harper's Ferry
Illinois; Lincoln as a young man
Mexican War (1845-1846)
The Mexican War (1846- 1847)
A Loyal Traitor (juv.)
For the Freedom of the Sea
(juv.)
Midshipman Paulding (juv.)
The Big Brother
Midshipman Stuart (juv.)
The Sign of the Prophet
The Shadow of Victory: a
Romance of Fort Dear-
born
Will o' the Wasp
Midshipman Farragut
Jack and his Island
The Errand Boy of Andrew
Jackson (juv.)
Smith Brunt
Within the Capes
The Belle of Bowling Green
Decatur and Somers (juv.)
John Charity
The Old Dominion
The Romance of Gilbert
Holmes
With Crockett and Bowie
Through Swamp and Glade
Remember the Alamo
Isidro
The Valiant Runaways
Old Creole Days
The Mormon Prophet
Time and Chance
Spanish Peggy
A Dream of a Throne
In the War with Mexico
(juv.)
James Barnes
C. T. Brady
Molly E. Seawell
G. C. Eggleston
Kirk Munroe
James Ball Naylor
Myrtle Reed
Robert C. Rogers
James Barnes
Lucy M. Thruston
W. O. Stoddard
Waldron R. Post
Howard Pyle
Amelia E. Barr
Molly E. Seawell
Gertrude Atherton
G. P. R. James
M. M. Kirkman
Kirk Munroe
Kirk Munroe
Amelia E. Barr
Mary Austin
Gertrude F. Atherton
G. W. Cable
Lily Dougall
Elbert Hubbard
Mary Hartwell Cather-
wood
Charles Fleming Embru
Cyrus Townsend Brady
HISTORICAL NOVELS
897
THE UNITED STATES
continued
SUBJECT
Pioneer life in Indiana (ca. 1850)
Illinois pioneers; Abraham Lincoln
(ca. 1850)
South Carolina; slave sentiment
California in the early fifties
Slavery (ca. 1850-1851)
People and manners in Kentucky
(ca. 1850)
Illinois in the pioneer days
The Quakers on the Ohio
Life on the James River (ca.
1850)
Richmond before the war
Life in Georgia
Life and manners in a country
town in Kentucky
Adirondack's : Horace Greeley and
Abraham Lincoln
John Brown and the Abolitionists
(1856)
Country life in Tennessee (1861)
St. Louis; Lincoln, Sherman, and
Grant; causes of the Civil War
(1860-1865)
Causes of the Civil War
Georgian life before and after the
Civil War
New Orleans before the war
Life in Kentucky mountains; Gen-
eral Morgan
The Negro Question
The Civil War
Virginia in the early days of the
Civil War
Bull Run to Gettysburg
Civil War after Gettysburg (1863-
1865)
Life in Cincinnati before and dur-
ing the Civil War (1861-1862)
*The Hoosier Schoolmaster
*The Graysons
Kate Beaumont
Gabriel Conway
Uncle Tom's Cabin
5 A Kentucky Cardinal ?
( Aftermath (sequel) >
( Zury, the Meanest Man in
I Spring Country
( The M'Veys; an Episode
Down the O-hi-'o
Homoselle
Suzette
East Angels
Oldfield
Eben Hoi den: a Tale of the
North Country
Diane
In Connection with the De
Willoughby Claim
The Crisis
Pine and Palm
Free Joe
Dr. Sevier
*The Little Shepherd of
Kingdom Come
Pactolus Prime
Aladdin O'Brien
The Master of Warlock
Who Goes There?
*A Friend with the Counter-
sign
They that Took the Sword
AUTHOR
Edward Eggleston
Edward Eggleston
J. W. DeForest
Bret Harte
Harriet Beecher Stowe
James Lane Allen
Joseph Kirkland
C. H. Roberts
Mary Spear Nicholas
Tiernan
Mary Spear Nicholas
Tiernan
Constance Fenimore
Woolson
Nancy H. Banks
Irving Bacheller
Katharine Holland
Brown
Frances E. Hodgson
Burnett
Winston Churchill
Moncure D. Conway
J. Chandler Harris
G. W. Cable
John Fox
Albion W. Tourgee
Gouverneur Morris
George Cary Eggleston
B. K. Benson
B. K. Benson
Nathaniel Stephenson
898
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
THE UNITED STATES continued
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
Stuart and Stonewall Jackson
(1862)
Bayard's Courier
B. K. Benson
Burnside's expedition to North
Carolina (1862)
The Drummer Boy (juv.)
J. T. Trowbridge
Gettysburg
Stonewall's Scout
Reginald Horsley
Stonewall Jackson (1861-1863)
Surry of Eagle's Nest
John Esten Cooke
The Army of the Potomac; Lincoln
and Grant
The Iron Brigade (juv.)
Charles King
The Army of the Potomac
*The Captain
Churchill Williams
Confederate camp stories
Southern Soldier Stories
George Cary Eggleston
Civil War in Mississippi
The Cavalier
George W. Cable
Battle of Chancellorsville (1863)
"The Red Badge of Courage
Stephen Crane
The Gettysburg campaign (1863-
1864)
Old Squire: the Romance of
a Black Virginian
B. K. Benson
The Civil War (1863)
With Lee in Virginia (juv.)
G. A. Henty
Grant; Vicksburg and Richmond
(1863-1865)
The Claybornes
William Sage
Charleston in the Civil War
A Little Traitor to the South
(juv.)
Cyrus T. Brady
Blockade of Charleston
The Blockade Runners
Jules Verne
Blockade of Charleston (1863)
*Bale marked Circle X
George Cary Eggleston
New York State in the Civil War
period
The Copperhead and other
Tales
Harold Frederic
New York State in the Civil War
period
Marsena and other Stories
Harold Frederic
Adirondacks in the Civil War
period
The Deserter, and A Day in
the Wilderness (In " The
Deserter and other Sto-
ries ")
Harold Frederic
Virginia, before and during Civil
War
The Battle Ground
Ellen Glasgow
Civil War period
On the Wing of Occasions
Joel Chandler Harris
Camps and battles of the Civil War
Roland Blake
S. Weir Mitchell
Southern guerrilla warfare
The Man from Texas
Henry Oldham
Tennessee in the Civil War period
The Three Scouts (juv.)
J. T. Trowbridge
Home life in Virginia during the
war
Two Little Confederates
(juv.)
Thomas Nelson Page
Children in the South during the
war
Among the Camps (juv.)
Thomas Nelson Page
Lincoln and Judge Williams
The Vagabond
Frederick Palmer
Politics in Washington (1864)
The Washingtonians
P. B. Mackie
HISTORICAL NOVELS
899
THE UNITED STATES
continued
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
Campaign of General Nathan Bed-
ford Forrest (1864)
*A Little Union Scout (juv.)
Joel Chandler Harris
Shenandoah (1864)
Hilt to Hilt
John Esten Cooke
Shenandoah (1864)
My Lady of the North
Randall Parrish
Mobile in the war-time (1864-
1865)
The Southerners
Cyrus T. Brady
Richmond (1863)
Jack Horner
Mary S. Tiernan
Grant's advance upon Richmond,
and the surrender of Lee (1865)
Before the Dawn
Joseph A. Altsheler
Last days of Lee
Mohun
John Esten Cooke
Virginia during and after War
(1861-1866)
*Henry Bourland
Albert Elmer Hancock
Time of War and Reconstruction
Clarence
Bret Harte
Reconstruction period in Southern
States
Red Rock
Thomas Nelson Page
Reconstruction period (ca. 1865-
1880)
Sketches from Old Virginia
A. G. Bradley
Reconstruction period
John March, Southerner
George W. Cable
Virginia in the Reconstruction
period
The Voice of the People
Ellen Glasgow
Mexican War of Independence
An Emperor's Doom (juv.)
Herbert Hayens
The Ku Klux Klan
The Clansman
Thomas Dixon, Jr.
The carpet-baggers (1865-1880)
*A Fool's Errand
Albion W. Tourgee
Social conditions in the South, re-
sulting from slavery-
Bricks without Straw
Albion W. Tourgee
Reconstruction period in Georgia,
Florida, North and South Caro-
lina
Rodman the Keeper
Constance Fenimore
Woolson
Reconstruction period in Virginia
Throckmorton
Molly Elliot Seawell
Arkansas at close of the war
Expiation
Octave Thanet
Development of the West
The Girl at the Halfway
House
E. Hough
The Santa Fe Trail in the seven-
ties
Son of the Plains
Arthur Henry Paterson
Government policy toward the In-
dians
*Ramona
Helen M. Jackson
The Indian Question
*The Heritage of Unrest
Gwendolen Overton
Frontier wars with the Sioux
The Westerners
Stewart E. White
The defeat and massacre of Gen.
Custer by the Sioux (1876)
Master of the Strong Hearts
(juv.)
Elbridge S. Brooks
The Cuban War
Crittenden
John Fox
900
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
THE UNITED STATES continued
SUBJECT
TITLE
AUTHOR
Spanish-American War (1898)
Spanish-American War (1898)
Spanish- American War (1898)
The Spirit of the Service
Under the Spangled Banner
Wounds in the Rain
Edith Elmer Woods
F. S. Brereton
Stephen Crane
INDEX OF AUTHORS AND TITLES
QUOTED IN THE BIBLIOGRAPHIES
OF VOLUMES ONE TO TWENTY-FIVE
INDEX OF AUTHORS AND TITLES
A. L. O. E.:
Daybreak in Britain, 25, 845
Abbess of Vlaye, The, 25, 837
Abbot, The, 25, 872
Abbott, Edwin A.:
Onesimus, Christ's Freedman, 25,
823
Philochristus, 25, 823
Abbott, Evelyn:
History of Greece, 2, 555
Pericles and the Golden Age of
Athens, 2, 556
Abbott, F. F.:
Roman Political Institutions, 3, 401
Abbott, J. H. M.:
Plain and Veldt, 25, 886
Abolition de 1' esclavage au Bresil,
21, 360
Aboriginal America, 21, 357
Aboriginal Races of North America,
The, 24, 1 107
About, Edmond:
King of the Mountains, The, 25,
825
Madelon, 25, 843
Tolla, 25, 830
About Catherine de' Medici, 25, 836
Abraham's Sacrifice, 25, 886
Acadia, 24, 1 107
Account of English Settlements in
America, 24, 1108
Account of Ireland, An, 12, 382
Account of the Abipones, an Eques-
trian People of Paraguay, 20, 401
Account of the Gypsies of Spain, An,
8, 550
Account of the Life and Times of
Francis Bacon, An, 11, 649
Account of the Manners and Customs
of the Modern Egyptians, An, 1,
433
Account of the War in India between
the English and the French on the
coast of Coromandel, 1750-1760, 5,
396
Achard, Amedee:
Golden Fleece, The, 25, 838, 879
Ackworth, John:
Coming of the Preachers, The, 25,
862
Acland, A. H. D.:
Handbook of English Political His-
tory, 11, 645
Across Africa, 19, 325
Across India at the Dawn of the
Twentieth Century, 5, 395
Across the Salt Seas, 25, 860
Acte, 25, 826
Active Service, 25, 824, 880
Acts of Parliaments of Scotland, 12,
382
Adair, James:
History of the American Indians,
24, 1 107
Adam Bede, 25, 864
Adam Hepburn's Vow, 25, 873
Adamnan (Adamannus or Adomnan),
Bishop :
Life of St. Columba, 12, 381
Adams, Charles Francis, 24, 11 14
Adams, Charles Francis, Jr.:
Antinomianism in the Colony of
Massachusetts Bay, 24, 1109
Charles Francis Adams, 24, 1114
John Adams, 24, mi
Three Episodes of Massachusetts
History, 24, 1108
Adams, Charles Kendall:
Christopher Columbus, 24, 1107
Adams, F. O.:
History of Japan to 1871, 7, 332
Swiss Confederation, The, 13, 599
Adams, G. B.:
Growth of the French Nation,
9, 496
903
904
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Adams, H. Cadwallader:
In the Fifteen, 25, 861
Red King's Burial, The, 35, 847
Adams, Henry:
History of the United States, 24,
1 105
Life of Albert Gallatin, 34, 11 12
Life of John Randolph, 24, 11 12
Travels in France during the
Years 1787, 1788, 1789, 10, 508
Adams, John, 34, 11 11
Adams, John:
Voyage to South America, 20, 402
Adams, Samuel,. 24, mi
Administration of Dependencies, The,
20, 411
Administration of the American Rev-
olutionary Army, 24, 11 10
Admiral, The, 25, 865
Adria, 25, 830
Advanced Guard, The, 25, 831
Adventures of a Goldsmith, The, 25,
841
Adventures of an Aide-de-camp, The,
25, 829, 865
Adventures of Francois Founder,
The, 35, 841
Adventures of Gerard, 25, 842
Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispa-
han, The, 25, 822
Adventures of Harry Revel, 25, 865
Adventures of Harry Rochester, The,
35, 860
Adventures of Humphrey Chatteris,
The, 35, 848
Adventures of Rob Roy, 35, 861, 873
Adventures of Telemachus, The, 35,
824
Adventures of the Comte de la
Muette, 25, 841
Aegypten, 1, 431
Aegypten einst und jetzt, 1, 432
Aegyptens, Geographie des alten, I,
432
Aegyptische Chronologie, I, 433
jEmilius, 25, 826
Afghan War of 1879-1880, 5, 397
Afloat on the Ohio, 24, 11 12
Afloat with Nelson, 25, 865
Africa, 19, 322
Africa in the Nineteenth Century, 19,
323
Africa; its Partition and Future, 19,
324
African Exploration from Herodotus
to Livingstone, 19, 322
Africana: or the Heart of Africa, 19,
326
Africanders, The, a Century of
Dutch-English Feud in South Af-
rica, 19, 322
Afrika. Eine Allgemeine Landes-
kunde, 19, 324
After Worcester, 25, 857
Aftermath, 25, 897
Age of Discovery, The, 21, 358
Age of Pericles, The, 2, 557
Agenor de Mauleon, 25, 833, 849
Agincourt, 25, 850
Agnes of Sorrento, 25, 828
Agnes Surriage, 25, 892
Aguilar, Grace:
Days of Bruce, The, 25, 871
Vale of Cedars, The, 25, 833
Aide-de-Camp, The, Adventures of,
25, 829, 865
Ainsworth, William Harrison:
Boscobel; or The Royal Oak, 25,
857
Cardinal Pole, 25, 852
Constable de Bourbon, The, 25,
836
Constable of the Tower, The, 25,
852
Crichton, 25, 837
Guy Fawkes, 35, 854
John Law, the Projector, 25, 839,
892
Lancashire Witches, The, 25, 854
Leaguer of Lathom, The, 25, 856
Melvyn Clitheoe, 25, 866
Old St. Paul's, 25, 858
Ovingdean Grange, 25, 857
Preston Fight, 25, 861
St. James's, 25, 860
Spanish Match, The, 25, 833
Star Chamber, The, 25, 854
Tower of London, The, 25, 852
Windsor Castle, 25, 851
Aitchison, Sir Charles U.:
Collection of Treaties, Engage-
ments, Sunnuds . . . relating
to India and Neighboring Coun-
tries, 5, 394
AUTHORS AND TITLES
905
Aitken, J. R.:
Sins of a Saint, 25, 846
Akers, Charles Edward:
History of South America, 1854-
1904, 21, 360
Akten des Wiener Kongresses, 17,
467
Aladdin O'Brien, 25, 897
Alarcon, Don Pedro de:
Three Cornered Hat, The, 25, 834
Alaska, Its History and Resources,
24, 1 1 14
Alberg, A.:
Gustavus Vasa and his Stirring
Times, 16, 345
Albert N'yanza and Exploration of
the Nile Sources, The, 19, 324
Albuquerque, 5, 400
Alcock, Deborah:
Friends of Pascal, The, 25, 838
No Cross, no Crown, 25, 872
Not for Crown or Sceptre, 25, 880
Spanish Brothers, The, 25, 833
Under Calvin's Spell, 25, 836, 877
Under, the Southern Cross, 25, 889
Aletta, 25, 886
Alexander, Mrs.:
Heritage of Langdale, The, 25, 861
Maid, Wife, or Widow?, 25, 885
Alexander, A.:
Robin Hood, Romance of the Eng-
lish Forest, 25, 848
Alexander the Great (" Heroes of the
Nations " series), 2, 557, 5, 400
Alexander I of Russia, Life and
Times, 15, 389
Alexander III of Russia, 15, 389
Alexander's Empire, 2, 557
Alexis, Wilibald:
Burgomaster of Berlin, The, 25,
883
Alfgar the Dane, 25, 846
Alfonso X:
Chronica General, 8, 546
Algue, P. Jose:
Atlas de Filipinos, Colleccion de 30
Mapas Trabajados por delinean-
tes Filipinos Bajo la Direccion
del P. Jose Algue, S. J., Director
del Observatorio de Manila, 20,
410
Alhambra, The, 25, 833
Alice Lorraine, 25, 866
Alice of Old Vincennes, 25, 894
Alkibiades, 25, 824
All the Russias, 15, 389
Allan, William:
Army of Northern Virginia in 1862,
The, 24, 1 1 14
History of the Campaign of Gen-
eral T. J. Jackson in the Shenan-
doah Valley of Virginia, Nov. 4,
1861-June 17, 1862, 24, 1 1 14
Allardyce, A.:
Balmaral, 25, 861, 873
Allcroft, A. H.:
History of Rome, 3, 400
Allegra, 25, 830
Allen, C. F.:
Haandbog i Faedrelaudets Historie,
16, 345
Allen, Ethan, 24, 1111
Allen, James Lane:
Aftermath, 25, 897
Choir Invisible, The, 25, 895
Kentucky Cardinal, A, 25, 897
Alps, The, 13, 560
Alps from End to End, The, 13, 599
Altsheler, Joseph A.:
Before the Dawn, 25, 899
Herald of the West, A, 25, 895
Soldier of Manhattan, A, 25, 887
Sun of Saratoga, The, 25, 894
Alypius of Tagaste, 25, 827
Amber Witch, The, 25, 883
Amicis, Edmond d':
Holland, 13, 597
Spain and the Spaniards, 8, 550
America, 20, 402
America before Columbus, 21, 357
America, Historical, Statistical and
Descriptive, 24, 1112
America Not Discovered by Colum-
bus, 24, 1 108
American Administration in the
Philippine Islands, 20, 411
American Colonies in the Seventeenth
Century, The, 24, 1108
American Commonwealth, 24, 1104
American Conflict, The, 24, 1112, 1113
American Diplomacy, A Century of,
24, 1 105
American Diplomacy in the Orient,
6, 326, 24, 1 105
American Economic Association:
Essays in Colonial Finance, 19, 321
906
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
American Engineer in China, An, 6,
329
American Girl in Mexico, 22, 516
American History Told by Contem-
poraries, 24, 1 104
American Indian, The, 24, 1107
American Indians, 24, 1107
American Nation, The, 20, 401, 24,
1 103
American Navy, The, 24, 11 14
American Prisoner, The, 25, 865
American Race, The, 24, 1107
American Revolution, The, 24, mo
American Statesman Series, 24, 1104
Among Swamps and Giants in Equa-
torial Africa, 19, 324
Among the Camps, 25, 898
Among the Spanish People, 8, 550
Among the Wild Ngoni, 19, 325
Amor Victor: a Novel of Ephesus
and Rome, 25, 826
Amory, Thomas C:
Life of James Sullivan, 24, 11 13
Anastasius; or, Memoirs of a Greek,
25, 824
Ancient Athens, 2, 557
Ancient Cities of the New World,
22, 516
Ancient City, The, 3, 400
Ancient Classical Drama, The, 2, 558
Ancient Fragments of Phoenician,
Chaldean, Egyptian and other
Writers, 1, 431
Ancient India, 2000 B. C.-800 A. D.,
5, 393
Ancient India as described by Kte-
sias the Knidian, 5, 398
Ancient India as described by Me-
gasthenes and Arrian, 5, 398
Ancient India as described by Ptol-
emy, 5, 398
Ancient Mycene, 2, 559
Ancient Records of Egypt; Historical
Documents from the Earliest
Times to the Persian Conquest, I,
431, 432
Ancient Regime, The, 10, 508
Ancient Rome in the Light of Re-
cent Discoveries, 3, 402
Ancient Society, 24, 1107
Andersen, Hans Christian:
Improvisatore, 25, 830
Anderson, B. R.:
America Not Discovered by Colum-
bus, 24, 1 108
Anderson, F. M.:
Constitutions and Other Docu-
ments Illustrative of the History
of France, 9, 500
Anderson, James Stuart Murray:
History of the Church of England
in the Colonies, 24, 1109
Anderson, Rasmus B jorn :
History of the Literature of the
Scandinavian North, 16, 348
Norse Mythology, 16, 347
Anderson, T. S.:
My Wanderings in Persia, 5, 401
Andre, John, 24, mi
Andreas Hofer, 25, 882
Andrew Marvel and his Friends, 25,
855
Andrews, CM.:
River Towns of Connecticut, 24,
1 108
Andrews, E. B.:
History of the United States in
Our own Time, 24, 1105, 11 13
United States During the Last
Quarter of a Century, 24, 11 13
Andrews, Mary R. S.:
Vive 1' Empereur, 25, 870
Andrews, Mrs. T. R.:
Stephen Kyrle; an Australian
Story, 25, 888
Anercestes the Gaul, 25, 825
Ange Pitou, 25, 840
Angel of the Covenant, The, 25, 856,
872
Anglican Episcopate and the Ameri-
can Colonies, The, 24, 1109
Anglo-Boer Conflict, The, Its His-
tory and Causes, 19, 322
Anglo-Indian Codes, 5, 394
Annalen der deutschen Geschichte in
Mittelalter, 18, 458
Annali d' Italia, 4, 420
Annals, 12, 381
Annals, 1591-1659, 14, 514
Annals and Antiquities of Rajast'han,
or The Central and Western Raj-
poot States of India, 5, 400
Annals of an Anglo-Saxon Family,
25, 846
AUTHORS AND TITLES
907
Annals of Indian Administration,
1856-1875, s, 393
Annals of Rural Bengal, 5, 398
Annals of the Artists of Spain, 8,
549
Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland,
12, 381
Annals of the Reformation, 11, 649
Annals of Witchcraft in New Eng-
land, 24, 1 108
Anne of Geierstein, 25, 835, 877, 883
Annotated Constitution of the Aus-
tralian Commonwealth, The, 20,
406
Annual Register, 17, 468
Ansprung und Beginn der Revolu-
tionskriege, 1791-1792, 18, 458
Anthony Everton, 25, 855
Antinomianism in the Colony of
Massachusetts Bay, 24, 1109
Antinous, the Roman, 25, 826
Antiquary, The, 25, 875
Antiquities, 22, 515
Antologia Portugueza, 8, 549
Antonia, 25, 890
Antonina, 25, 827
Aphrodite, 25, 824
Appleton's Guide to Mexico, 22, 516
Arab Conquest of Egypt and the
Last Thirty Years of Roman Do-
minion, The, 19, 321
Arabella Stuart, 25, 854
Arabia, in Encyclopaedia Britannica,
I, 439
Arabian Nights' Entertainments, The,
(Alif. Laila), 25, 822
Arabian Society in the Middle Ages,
I, 438
Arabien von dem Islam, 1, 439
Arber, Edward:
Works of Captain John Smith, 24,
1 109
Archir fur Kunde der Geschichtsquel-
len Oesterreichs, 17, 466
Aristippus and his Contemporaries,
25, 824
Armenia and the Campaign of 1877,
14, 514
Armenia, Travels and Sketches, 14,
514
Armitage, Alfred:
Red Rose and White, 25, 851
Armitage, John:
History of Brazil from the Ar-
rival of the Braganza Family in
1808 to the Abdication of Don
Pedro I in 1831, 20, 400
Armourer's Prentices, The, 25, 851
Armstrong, Edward:
The Emperor Charles V, 18, 456
Armstrong, F.:
Lorenzo de' Medici, 4, 420
Armstrong, Jessie:
My Friend Anne, 25, 851
Army of Northern Virginia in 1862,
The, 24, 1 1 14
Arneth, Alfred von:
Correspondance de Marie Therese
avec le Comte de Merci-Argen-
teau, 17, 467
Geschichte Maria Theresias, 17, 466
Memories du Cardinal Bernis, 17,
467
Arnold, Benedict, 24, nil
Arnold, Edwin Lester:
Constable of St. Nicholas, 25, 879
Arnold, Isaac Newton:
Benedict Arnold, 24, nil
History of the State of Rhode
Island and Providence Planta-
tion, 24, 1 108
Arnold, Thomas:
Second Punic War being Chap-
ters in the History of Rome, The,
3, 400
Arnold, W. T.:
Roman System of Provincial Ad-
ministration to the Accession of
Constantine, 3, 401
Arnold, William Delafield:
Oakfield, 25, 831
Arnold's March from Cambridge to
Quebec, 24, 1110
Arrah Niel, 25, 855
Arrest of the Five Members, The,
11, 646
Arrivabene, C:
Italy under Victor Emmanuel, 4,
422
Arrow of the North, The, 25, 851
Art of War in the Middle Ages, The,
11, 648
Arthur Blane; or, The Hundred Cui-
rassiers, 25, 837
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
As Others Saw Him, 25, 823
As the Chinese See Us, 6, 329
Asakawa, K.:
Institutional Life of Japan, 7, 332
Russo-Japanese Conflict: Its Causes
and Issues, 7, 332
Asbjornsen, Peter Christen and Moe,
Jorgen:
Norse Folke-og Huldre-enentyr og
Folkesagn, 16, 347
Ascanio, 25, 829, 836
Ashes of Empire, 25, 844
Ashley, E.:
Life of Viscount Palmerston, II,
645
Ashley, W. J.:
Introduction to English Economic
History and Theory, An, II, 645
Ashton, John:
Historical Essays, 10, 508
Asiatic Studies, Religious and Social,
5, 395
Assyria: its Princes, Priests, and
People, 1, 435
Assyria and Babylonian Literature,
I, 434
Assyrien und Babylonien nach den
neuesten Entdeckungen, 1, 434
Aston, W. G.:
History of Japanese Literature, 7,
333
Astor, William Waldorf:
Sforza: a Story of Milan, 25, 829
Valentino, 25, 828
Astoria, 24, 11 12
Asylum Christi, 25, 838
At Aboukir and Acre, 25, 864
At Agincourt, 25, 850
At Odds, 25, 882, 884
At Sea Under Drake, 25, 853
At the Point of the Bayonet, 25, 831
At the Point of the Sword, 25, 889
At the Siege of Quebec, 25, 893
At the Sign of the Guillotine, 25, 841
At War with Pontiac, 25, 892
Atelier du Lys, The, 25, 841
Athenian Empire, The, 2, 556
Atherton, Gertrude Franklin:
Conqueror, The, 25, 895
John Charity, 25, 896
Valiant Runaways, The, 25, 896
Atkinson, Eleanor:
Mamzelle Fifine, 25, 889
Atlas de Filipinos, Coleccion de 30
Mapas Trabajados por delineantes
Filipinos Baja la Direccion del P.
Jose Algue, S. J., Director del Ob-
servatorio de Manila, 20, 410
Atlas of Ancient Egypt, An, 1, 432
Atlas of India, 5, 395
Attack on the Mill, The; and Other
Sketches of War, 25, 844
Atterbury, A. P.:
Islam in Africa, 19, 324
Attila; or, The Huns, 25, 827
Atwater, E. E.:
History of the Colony of New
Haven to Its Absorption into
Connecticut, 24, 1108
Auerbach :
Les Races et les Nationalites en
Autricke-Hongrie, 17, 466
Auerbach, Berthold:
Christian Gellert, 25, 884
Poet and Merchant, 25, 824, 884
Spinoza, 25, 876
Stepmother, The, 25, 884
Auf alten Wegen in Mexiko und
Guatemala, 22, 517
Augelot, 25, 842
Aulard, Prof.:
La Diplomatic du premier Comite
de Salut public, 10, 507
Le Cult de la Raison et de 1' Etre
supreme, 10, 507
L'filoquence parlementaire pendant
la Revolution, 10, 507
Aurelian, 25, 826
Aus der Zeit Friedrich des Grossen
und Friedrich Wilhelms III: Ab-
handlungen zur preussischen Ge-
schichte, 18, 456
Aus Mexico, Reiseskizzen aus den
Jahren 1874-1875, 22, 517
Austin, H. H.:
Among Swamps and Giants in
Equatorial Africa, 19, 324
With Macdonald in Uganda, 19,
324
Austin, James Trecothic:
Life of Elbridge Gerry, 24, 1113
Austin, Jane Goodwin:
Betty Alden, 25, 890
David Alden's Daughter, 25, 890
Dr. Le Baron and his Daughters,
35, 891
AUTHORS AND TITLES
909
Nameless Nobleman, A, 25, 891
Standish of Standish, 25, 890
Austin, Mary:
Isidro, 25, 896
Australian in China, An, 6, 329
Austria, 17, 465
Austro-Hungarian Empire, The, 17,
467
Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, 17, 465
Autobiografia, 21, 360
Autobiography of Seventy Years, 24,
1 1 14
Autour d'un Trone Catherine II de
Russie, 15, 389
Awakening of a Nation, The, 22, 516
Awakening of the East, 6, 328
Azevedo, Morera:
Historia do Brazil, 21, 360
Aztec Treasure-House: a Romance of
Contemporaneous Antiquity, The,
25, 888
Aztecs, Their History, Manners and
Customs, The, 24, 1107
Babel und Bibel, I, 434
Babylonians and Assyrians: Life and
Customs, 1, 435
Babylonisch-Assyrische Geschichte, I,
435
Bacheller, Irving:
Eben Holden: a Tale of the North
Country, 25, 897
Back, S.:
Geschichte des judischen Volkes, I,
439
Backus, Isaac:
History of New England with
Particular Reference to the Bap-
tists, 24, 1 109
Bacon, Alice M.:
In the Land of the Gods, 7, 332
Japanese Girls and Women, 7, 332
Japanese Interior, A, 7, 332
Bacon, R. H.:
Benin, the City of Blood, 19, 321
Bibliotheque Coloniale Internation-
ale, 19, 321
Badeau, Adam:
Conspiracy, 25, 889
Life of U. S. Grant, 24, 11 14
Baden-Powell, B. H.:
Land Systems of British India, 5,
394
Baedeker, Karl:
Aegypten, 1, 431
Spain and Portugal, 8, 550
Bagwell:
Ireland under the Tudors, 12, 381
Bailey, H. C:
Beaujeu, 25, 858
Master of Gray, The, 25, 872
My Lady of Orange, 25, 876
Bain, F. W.:
Calendar of Documents, 12, 382
Christina, Queen of Sweden, 16,
345
Dmitri, 25, 877
Bain, Robert Nisbet:
Charles XII and the Collapse of
the Swedish Empire, 16, 345
Daughter of Peter the Great, The,
15, 389
First Romanovs, The, 15, 389
Gustavus III and his Contempo-
raries, 16, 345
Peter III, 15, 389
Pupils of Peter the Great, The, 15,
389.
Scandinavia, 16, 345
Baird, Henry Martyn:
History of the Rise of the Hugue-
nots of France, 9, 496
Baker, C. A.:
True Stories of New England
Captives Carried to Canada Dur-
ing the Old French and Indian
War, 24, 1 108
Baker, Grenfell:
Model Republic, The, 13, 599
Baker, James:
Cardinal's Page, The, 25, 850, 881,
883
Gleaming Dawn, The, 25, 881
Baker, Samuel White:
Abert N'yanza and Exploration of
the Nile Sources, The, 19, 324
Balaguer, Victor:
Historia de lostrovadores, 8, 549
Bale marked Circle X, 25, 898
Balfour, Andrew:
By Stroke of Sword, 25, 872
Golden Kingdom, The, 25, 885
910
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
To Arms!, 25, 861, 873
Vengeance is Mine, 25, 842, 875
Balkans, The (Story of the Na-
tions), 14, 513
Ball:
Legislative Systems from Henry
II to the Union, 12, 381
Ball, J. Dyer:
Things Chinese, 6, 327
Ballads of the Dauphine, The, 25,
835
Ballaert, William:
Wars of Succession in Portugal
and Spain from 1826 to 1840:
with a Resume of the Political
History of Portugal and Spain
to the Present Time, 8, 546
Ballantyne, R. M.:
Erling the Bold, 25, 880
In the Track of the Troops, 25, 880
Norsemen in the West, The, 25,
880, 890
Red Man's Revenge, The, 25, 888
Balmoral, 25, 861, 873
Balzac, Honore de:
About Catherine de' Medici, 25,
836
Chouans, The, 25, 841
Episode of the Terror, An, 25, 840
Bancroft, F.:
Life of Seward, 24, 11 12
Bancroft, George:
History of the Constitution, 24,
nil
History of the United States, 24,
1 104
Bancroft, Hubert Howe:
Antiquities, 22, 515
California Pastoral, 1769-1848, 20,
401
Civilized Nations, 22, 515
History of Central America, 20,
400, 24, 1 107
History of Mexico, 15 16-1887, 20,
400
Myths and Languages, 22, 515
Native Races of the Pacific States
of North America, The, 22, 515,
24, 1 107
Popular History of the Mexican
People, A, 22, 515
Primitive History, 22, 515
Resources and Development of
Mexico, 22, 515
Wild Tribes, The, 22, 515
Bandelier, Adolph Francis:
Contributions to the History of the
Southwestern Portion of the
United States, 24, 1107
On the Social Organization and
Mode of Government of the An-
cient Mexicans, 22, 515
Banim, John:
Boyne Water, The, 25, 869
Croppy, The, 25, 870
Banks, Mrs. George Linnaeus:
Bond Slaves, 25, 865
God's Providence House, 25, 863
Manchester Man, The, 25, 866
Banks, Nancy Houston:
Oldfield, 25, 897
Round Anvil Rock, 25, 895
Banner of Blue, The, 25, 875
Banner of St. George, The, 25, 849
Barabbas: a Dream of the World's
Tragedy, 25, 823
Barbara Blomberg, 25, 883
Barbara Ladd, 25, 894
Barbara Winslow, Rebel, 25, 859
Barbary Corsairs, The (Story of the
Nations), 14, 514
Barbier de Meynard, C. A.:
Dictionnaire geographique, histori-
que et litteraire de la Perse et des
Contrees adjacentes, 1, 437
Barbour, John:
Bruce, 12, 383
Baring, Max:
Prophet of Wales, A, 25, 868
Baring-Gould, Sabine :
Germany, Past and Present, 18, 459
Iceland, its Scenes and Sagas, 16,
347
Barlasch of the Guard, 25, 840, 878
Barmby, Beatrice Helen:
Rosslyn's Raid; and other Tales,
25, 872
Barnaby Lee, 25, 891
Barnaby Rudge, 25, 863
Barnes, James:
Drake and his Yeoman, 25, 853
Loyal Traitor, A, 25, 896
Midshipman Farragut, 25, 896
Baron and Squire, 25, 883
AUTHORS AND TITLES
911
Baron de Worms:
Austro-Hungarian Empire, The, a
Political Sketch of Men and
Events, 17, 467
Baronet in Corduroy, The, 25, 860
Baron's Sons, The, 25, 882
Barque Future, The; Life in the Far
North, 25, 881
Barr, Amelia E.:
Belle of Bowling Green, 25, 896
Bernicia, 25, 862
Black Shilling, The, 25, 891
Bow of Orange Ribbon, The, 25,
892
Friend Olivia, 25, 857
I, Thou, and the Other One, 25,
867
Lion's Whelp, The, 25, 857
Maid of Maiden Lane, The, 25,
895
Remember the Alamo, 25, 896
Song of a Single Note, A, 25, 894
Thyra Varrick, 25, 874
Trinity Bells, 25, 895
Barr, Robert:
In the Midst of Alarms, 25, 888
Over the Border, 25, 855
Prince of Good Fellows, A, 25, 871
Strong Arm, The, 25, 882
Barras, Paul Francois Jean Nicolas,
Comte de:
Memoirs, 10, 508
Barrett, Frank:
Set of Rogues, A, 25, 858
Barrett, Jay Amos:
Evolution of the Ordinance of 1787,
24, nil
Barrett, Joseph Hartwell:
Life of Abraham Lincoln, 24, n 14
Barrington, Michael:
King's Fool, The, 25, 834
Barros, Araua D.:
Historia general de Chili, 21, 360
Barrows, William:
Oregon, the Struggle for Posses-
sion, 4, 1 1 12
Barry, William:
Dayspring, The, 25, 843
Barry Lyndon, Memoirs of, 25, 863
Bartels:
Geschichte der deutschen Litera-
tur, 18, 460
Bartholomew, J. G.:
Hand Atlas of India, 5, 395
Bartram, George :
Longshoremen, The, 25, 865
Basile the Jester, 25, 872
Basis of American History, 1500-1900,
21, 357, 24, 1 107
Basse tt, James:
Persia, the Land of the Imaums, 5,
401
Bateman, J. C:
Ierne of Armorica, 25, 834
Bates, Katherine Lee:
Spanish Highways and Byways, 8,
550
Bate son, Mary:
French in America, The, 1608-1744,
20, 408
Bath Comedy, The, 25, 862
Baton Sinister, The, 25, 858
Battle Ground, The, 25, 898
Battle of the Strong, The, 25, 841
Battlement and Tower, 25, 856, 868
Battles and Leaders, 24, 1105, 1113
Battles of the American Revolution,
24, 1 1 10
Baudissin, W. W. F. von:
Studien zur semitischen Religions-
geschichte, 1, 436
Baumgarten, Hermann:
Geschichte Spaniens von Ausbruch
des franzosischen Revolution bis
auf unsere Tage, 8, 546
Bax, Ernest Belfort:
German Society at the Close of the
Middle Ages, 18, 459
Baxter, J. P.:
Pioneers of France in New Eng-
land, 24, 1 107
Baxter, S.:
Spanish-Colonial Architecture in
Mexico, 22, 515
Bay Path, The, 25, 890
Bayard's Courier, 25, 898
Beach, H. P.:
India and Christian Opportunity, 5,
394
Beamish, N. L.:
Discovery of America by the
Northmen, 24, 1108
Beard, Charles:
Martin Luther, 18, 456
912
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Bearne, Mrs.:
Cross of Pearls, The, 25, 835
Beath, R. B.:
History of the Grand Army of the
Republic, 24, 11 14
Beatrice Cenci, 25, 829
Beatrice of Venice, 25, 829
Beatson, A.:
View of the Origin and Conduct
of the War against Tippoo Sul-
taun, 5, 395
Beaujeu, 25, 858
Beautes de l'histoire de la domination
des Arabes et de Maures en Es-
pagne et en Portugal, 8, 547
Beau's Comedy, The, 25, 895
Beazley, Charles Raymond:
John and Sebastian Cabot, 24, mo
Prince Henry the Navigator, 20,
400, 24, 1 106
Because of the Angels, 25, 875
Becke, G. Louis:
First Fleet Family, A, 25, 888
Helen Adair, 25, 888
Mutineer, The, 25, 888
Becker, Wilhelm Adolf:
Charicles, 25, 824
Gallus, 25, 825
Beddoe, David M.:
Honour of Henri de Valois, The,
25, 822
Beebe, C. W.:
Two Bird-Lovers in Mexico, 22,
SIS
Beer, George Louis:
Commercial Policy of England to-
ward the Colonies, 20, 403, 24,
1110
Beesley:
Robespierre, 10, 507
Beesly, A. H.:
Gracchi, Marius and Sulla, The, 3,
401
Beesly, Edward Spencer:
Catiline, Clodius, and Tiberius, 3,
401
Before the British Raj, 25, 831
Before the Dawn, 25, 899
Beggars, The, 25, 876
Beggars of the Sea, 25, 876
Beginners of a Nation, 24, 1108
Beginnings of Maryland, 24, 1109
Beginnings of New England, The,
24, 1 108
Begum's Daughter, The, 25, 891
Belden, Jessie Van Zile:
Antonia, 25, 890
Beleaguered, 25, 884
Belknap, Jeremy:
History of New Hampshire, 24,
1 108
Bell, C. N.:
Tangweera, 22, 515
Bell, Gertrude:
True to the Prince, 25, 876
Bellamy, Edward:
Duke of Stockbridge, The, 25, 894
Belle of Bowling Green, The, 25, 896
Belloc, Hilaire:
Danton, 9, 496, 10, 507
Robespierre, 9, 496
Beloch, Julius:
Greichische Geschichte, 2, 555
Belshazzar: a Tale of the Fall of
Babylon, 25, 821
Belt, T.:
Naturalist in Nicaragua, The, 22,
515
Ben Comee, 25, 892
Ben Hur, 25, 823, 825
Benin, the City of Blood, 19, 321
Benjamin, Samuel Green Wheeler:
Persia and the Persians, 1, 437, 5,
401
Story of Persia, The, 1, 437, 5, 401
Bennet, Robert Ames:
For the White Christ, 25, 834
Bennett, John:
Barnaby Lee, 25, 891
Master Skylark, 25, 854
Benson, Blackwood Ketcham:
Bayard's Courier, 25, 898
Friend with the Countersign, A, 25,
897
Old Squire: the Romance of a
Black Virginian, 25, 898
Who Goes There, 25, 897
Benson, E. F.:
Vintage Capsina, The, 25, 825
Benson, Robert Hugh:
King's Achievement, The, 25, 852
Bent, James Theodore:
Ruined Cities of Mashonaland, The,
19, 324
AUTHORS AND TITLES
913
Benton, Thomas Hart:
Thirty Years' View, 24, 11 12
Benzinger, J.:
Hebraische Archaologie, 1, 439
Beppo the Conscript, 25, 830
Berard, V.:
La Turquie et l'Hellenisme con-
temporaine, 2, 556
Beresford, Lord Charles:
Break-up of China, The, 6, 327
Beric, the Briton, 25, 844
Berkeley :
Tracts, 12, 382 .
Berlin and Sans Souci, 25, 884
Bermudez, Juan Augustin Cean:
Sumario de las Antiguedades Ro-
manas en Espaha, 8, 549
Bernard, F.:
La Hollande, Geographique, Eth-
nologique, etc., 13, 597
Bernicia, 25, 862
Bernier, Frangois:
Travels, 5, 395
Bertha, A. de:
La HoUgrie Moderne, 17, 468
Besant, Sir Walter:
By Celia's Arbour, 25, 867
Chaplain of the Fleet, The, 25, 862
Dorothy Forster, 25, 861
For Faith and Freedom, 25, 859
Fountain Sealed, A, 25, 863
Lady of Lynn, The, 25, 862
Orange Girl, The, 25, 863
St. Katherine's by the Tower, 25,
863
'Twas in Trafalgar's Bay, 25, 865
World went very well Then, The,
25, 862
Betrothed, The (Manzoni), 25, 829
Betrothed, The (Scott), 25, 847, 868
Betty Alden, 25, 890
Between the Andes and the Ocean,
21, 361
Bevan, Tom:
Beggars of the Sea, 25, 876
Lion of Wessex, A, 25, 846
Red Dickon, the Outlaw, 25, 849
Trooper of the Finns, A, 25, 883
Beveridge, H.:
Comprehensive History of India,
Civil, Military and Social, 5, 393
Beverly, Robert:
History of Virginia, 24, 1 109
Biart, Lucien:
Aztecs, The, 24, 1107
Bible and Sword, 25, 873
Bible in Spain, The, 8, 550
Bibliographic de l'histoire de France,
9, 495
Bibliographic japonaise depuis le
XVe siecle jusqu'a 1859, 7, 331
Bibliography of the Japanese Em-
pire, 7, 331
Bibliotheca de autores espafioles, 8,
549
Bibliotheca Sinica, 7, 331
Bibliotheque Coloniale Internation-
iale, 19, 321, 20, 398
Bickford-Smith, R. A. H.:
Greece under King George, 2, 556
Bidder, M.:
In the Shadow of the Crown, 25,
849
Westminster Cloisters, 25, 847
Biddle, A. J. D.:
Land of the Wine, The, 8, 550
Big Brother, The, 25, 896
Bigelow, John:
France and the Confederate Navy,
24, 1114
Memoirs of the Life of John
Charles Fremont, 24, 11 13
Samuel J. Tilden, 24, 1114
Bigelow, Poultney:
History of the German Struggle
for Liberty, 18, 456
Biggar, H. P.:
Early Trading Companies of New
France, 24, 1108
Bikelas, Demetrius:
La Grece Byzantine et moderne, 2,
556
Loukis Laras, 25, 825
Bilder aus der deutschen Vergangen-
heit, 18, 457
Billerbeck, A.:
Eine Studie zur alten Geschichte
Westasiens, 1, 436
Bingham, D. A.:
Letters and Dispatches of the First
Napoleon, 9, 500, 10, 509
Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiser-
thums Oesterreich, 17, 466
Biography of the Signers of the
Declaration of Independence, 24,
mi
914
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Birch, Samuel:
Records of the Past; being English
Translations of the Assyrian and
Egyptian Monuments, i, 431
Bird, Robert:
Jesus, the Carpenter of Nazareth,
25, 823
Joseph the Dreamer, 25, 822
Paul of Tarsus, 25, 823
Bird, Robert Montgomery:
Nick of the Woods; or, The Jib-
benainosay, 25, 895
Bird's-eye View of Picturesque In-
dia, 5, 395
Bird's-eye View of the Civil War,
24, 1 105, 11 13
Bire, Edmond:
La Legende des Girondins, 10, 507
Birney, W.:
Life of J. G. Birney, 24, 11 12
Birthright, The, 25, 863
Bishop, J. L.:
History of American Manufactures,
24, 1 105
Bismarck, Otto Eduard Leopold,
Prince von:
Bismarck, The Man and the States-
man; Reflections, etc., by Him-
self, 18, 456
Letters, 18, 456
Bismarck and German Unity, 18, 459
Bismarck and State Socialism, 18, 460
Bismarck in the Franco-German
War, 9, 501
Bismarck: Some Secret Pages of his
History, 18, 456
Bismarck, The Man and the States-
man, Reflections, etc., by Himself,
18, 456
Bivouac, The, 25, 865
Black, J. Sutherland:
Encyclopaedia Biblica, I, 439
Black, John:
Political Essay on the Kingdom of
New Spain, 20, 402
Black, William:
Judith Shakespeare, 25, 854
Black Arrow, The, 25, 850
Black Danes, The, 25, 846
Black Disc, The, 25, 833
Black Douglas, 25, 871
Black Dwarf, The, 25, 873
Black Familiars, The, 25, 853
Black Mary, 25, 875
Black Pilgrim, The, 25, 824, 879
Black Shilling, The, 25, 891
Black Tor, The, 25, 854
Black Tulip, The, 25, 876
Black Wolf's Breed, The, 25, 838, 891
Blackburn, Douglas:
Memoirs of the Operations of the
British Army in India during the
Maratha War, 5, 395
Prinsloo of Prinsloosdorp, 25, 886
Blackman, William Tremont:
Making of Hawaii, The: A Study
in Evolution, 20, 411
Blackmar, Frank W.:
Spanish Colonial Policy, 20, 397
Blackmore, Richard Doddridge:
Alice Lorraine, 25, 866
Lorna Doone, 25, 859
Mary Anerley, 25, 863
Perlycross, 25, 867
Springhaven, 25, 864
Blaikie, William Garden:
Personal Life of David Living-
stone, 19, 324
Blaine, James Gillespie:
Twenty Years of Congress, 24,
1 1 12, 1 1 13
Blair, Emma. Helen:
Philippine Islands, 1493-1898, 2,
401
Blake, Bass:
Lady's Honour, A, 25, 861
Blake, M. M.:
Grantley Fenton, 25, 843, 866
Siege of Norwich Castle, The, 25,
847
Blayney, Owen:
MacMahon, The, 25, 869
Blennerhassett, 25, 895
Blisset, Nellie K.:
Most Famous Loba, The, 25, 834
Silver Key, The, 25, 858
Block House on the Prairie, The, 25,
891
Blockade, The, 25, 842
Blockade Runners, The, 25, 898
Blok, P. J.:
History of the People of the
Netherlands, 13, 597, 24, 1106
Blond, Mrs. A. de:
Cities and the Sights of Spain, 8,
550
AUTHORS AND TITLES
915
Bloomfield, J. H.:
Cuban Expedition, A, 25, 889
Blue Banner, The, 25, 823
Blue Flag, The, 25, 859
Blue Pavilions, The, 25, 859
Blunt, Mrs. John E.:
People of Turkey, 14, 515
Bodkin, Matthias M'Donnell:
In the Days of Goldsmith, 25, 869
Lord Edward Fitzgerald, 25, 870
Rebels, The, 25, 870
Bodley, John Edward Courtenay:
France, 9, 496
Boeckh, Augustus:
Public Economy of the Athenians,
3, 556
Boer States, Land and People, The,
19, 325
Bohemia, an Historical Sketch, 17,
466
Bohemia from the Earliest Times to
1620, 17, 466
Bohn, W. G.:
Commentaries on the Gallic and
Civil Wars, 3, 399
Boissier, G. :
Cicero and his Friends, 3, 401
Boiteau:
La France en 1789, 10, 507
Boldrewood, Rolf:
War to the Knife; or, Tangata
Maori, 25, 888
Bolingbroke, 11, 647
Bolivia, 21, 359
Bolivie et Peron, 21, 359
Bolles, A. S.:
Financial History of the United
States, 24, 1 105
Bolton, Charles Knowlton:
Private Soldier under Washington,
The, 24, 1110
Bonaparte, Joseph de:
Memoirs, 10, 509
Bonaparte, Louis:
Historical Documents and Reflec-
tions in the Government of Hol-
land, 13, 597
Bonaparte, Prince Roland:
Le Mexique au Debut XX e Siecle,
22. 515
Bond Slaves: the Story of a Strug-
gle, 25, 865
Bondman, The, 25, 864, 881
Bonnet Conspirators, The, 25, 866
Bonnie Prince Charlie, 25, 874
Bonnybel Vane, 25, 892
Book of Ser Marco Polo, the Vene-
tian, concerning the Kingdoms and
Marvels of the East, The, 5, 401,
6, 330
Book of the Dead, The, 1, 432
Border Wars of New England, 24,
1 108
Bordoni:
Montevideo e la republica del
Uraguay, 21, 36b
Borrow, George:
Bible in Spain, The, 8, 550
Zincali, The: An Account of the
Gypsies of Spain, 8, 550
Boscobel; or, The Royal Oak, 25, 857
Boshart, A.:
Zehn Jahre africanischen Lebens,
19, 32i
Bosquejo historico de Venezuela, 21,
360
Both Sides the Border, 25, 850
Bothwell; or, The Days of Queen
Mary, 25, 872
Botsford, G. W.:
History of Rome, 4, 419
Botta, Paul Emil:
Monuments de Ninive, 1, 434
Boulger, Demetrius Charles:
History of Belgium, 13, 597
History of China, 6, 325
India in the Nineteenth Century,
5, 393
Bourchier, G.:
Eight Months' Campaign against
the Bengal Sepoy Army during
the Mutiny of 1857, 5, 396
Bourchier, M. H.:
Adventures of a Goldsmith, The,
25, 841
Bourienne, Louis:
Memoirs de Napoleon Bonaparte,
9, 500
Bourinot, Sir John George:
Canada under British Rule, 1760-
1900, 20, 407
Historical and Descriptive Account
of Cape Breton, 24, 1107
Story of Canada, The, 20, 407
916
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Bourne, Edward Gaylord:
Essays in Historical Criticism, 19,
321, 20, 400
Narrative of Hernando de Soto,
24, 1 107
Spain in America, 1450-1580, 20,
401, ai, 357, 358
Bourne, H. E.:
French Colonial Experiment in the
Far East, A, 30, 408
Bourne, H. R. F.:
English Seamen Under the Tudors,
24, 1 108
Boutwell, George S.:
Reminisciences of Sixty Years, 34,
1114
Bow of Orange Ribbon, The, 25, 892
Bowditch, C. P.:
Mexican and Central American An-
tiquities, 32, 515
Bowman, Anne:
Boy Foresters, The, 25, 848
Bowman, H. M.:
Preliminary Stages of the Peace of
Amiens, 10, 508
Bowring, L. W.:
Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan, and
the Struggle with the Mussulman
Powers of the South, 5, 396
Boy Crusaders, The, 25, 823
Boy Foresters, The, 25, 848
Boy of the First Empire, A, 25, 842
Boy Soldiers of 1812, 25, 895
Boyce, George:
Remarkable History of the Hud-
son's Bay Company, including
that of the French Traders of
Northwestern Canada and of the
Northwest, X. Y., and Astor Fur
Companies, 20, 407
Short History of the Canadian
People, A, 20, 407
Boyer of the Terrible, A, 25, 877
Boyesen, Hjalmar Hjorth:
Essays on Scandinavian Literature,
16, 348
Story of Norway, 16, 345
Boyne Water, 25, 869
Boynton, Charles Brandon:
History of the Navy During the
Rebellion, 24, 11 14
Boy's Odyssey, The, 25, 824
Boys, Henry Scott:
Some Notes on Java and its Ad-
ministration by the Dutch, 20,
409
Boys of 1745, 35, 887
Boys of '61, 24, 1114
Boys of '76, 24, 11 n
Boys of the Light Brigade, 25, 865
Bozman, John Leeds:
History of Maryland, 24, 1109
Brackett, J. R.:
Negro in Maryland, 24, 11 12
Braddon, Mary E.:
In High Places, 35, 854
Infidel, The, 35, 862
Ishmael, 35, 843
London Pride, 25, 857
Mohawks, 25, 862
Bradford, William:
History of Plymouth Plantation,
24, 1 108
Bradley, Arthur Granville:
Conquest of Canada 1744-1761, 20,
408
Fight with France for North
America, 20, 408, 24, 1107
Sketches from Old Virginia, 25, 899
Bradshaw, John:
Norway, Its Fjords, Fjelds and
Fasses, 16, 348
Sir Thomas Munro and the British
Settlement of the Madras Presi-
dency, 5, 396
Brady, Cyrus Townsend:
For the Freedom of the Sea, 25,
896
Hohenzollern, 25, 882
In the War with Mexico, 25, 896
Little Traitor to the South, A, 25,
898
Quiberon Touch, The, 25, 887
Southerners, The, 25, 899
Two Captains, The, 25, 864
Braes of Yarrow, The, 25, 872
Braine, Sheila E.:
Adventures of Humfrey Chatteris,
The, 25, 848
King's " Blue Boys," The, 25, 884
Turkish Automaton, The, 25, 878
Brakespeare; or, The Fortunes of a
Free-Lance, 25, 834
Brambletye House, 25, 857
AUTHORS AND TITLES
917
Bramston, M.:
Banner of St. George, The, 25, 849
For Faith and Fatherland, 25, 876
Shaven Crown, The, 25, 845
Brandt, Max von:
History of the World: A Survey
of Man's Record, 7, 332
Brave Dame Mary, 25, 846
Brave Little Holland, 13, 598
Brave Men of Eyam, The, 25, 858
Brave Resolve, A, 25, 893
Bravest of the Brave, The, 25, 833,
860
Bray, Anna Eliza:
De Foix, 25, 835
Hartland Forest, 25, 861
Protestant, The, 25, 852
White Hoods, The, 25, 875
Brazenhead the Great, 25, 850
Breaking of the Storm, The, 25, 885
Break-up of China, The, 6, 327
Breasted, James Henry:
History of Egypt from the Earliest
Times to the Persian Conquest,
1, 431, 432
Breath of the Gods, The, 25, 833
Brenda's Experiment, 25, 832
Brereton, F. S.:
Foes of the Red Cockade, 25, 840
Gallant Grenadier, A, 25, 867
Hero of Lucknow, A, 25, 832
In the King's Service, 25, 856, 869
One of the Fighting Scouts: a Tale
of Guerilla Warfare in South
Africa, 25, 886
Under the Spangled Banner, 25,
900
Brethren, The, 25, 823
Breton, Frederick:
God save England!, 25, 849
True Heart, 25, 877, 883
Brewer, John Sherren:
Reign of Henry VIII from his
Accession to the Death of
Wolsey, 11, 645, 24, 1 106
Brian Fitz-Court, 25, 847
Bricks Without Straw, 25, 899
Bride of Lammermoor, The, 25, 873
Bride of the Nile, The, 25, 821
Brigand, The, 25, 836
Briggs, J.:
History of the Rise of the Moham-
medan Power in India, 5, 397
Brigham, T.:
Guatemala, the Land of the Quet-
zal, 22, 515
Bright, J. Franck:
History of England, II, 645
Brine, Lindesay:
The Taeping Rebellion, 6, 325
Brinkley, Frank:
China: Its History, Arts and
Literature, 6, 325
Japan, 7, 331
Oriental Series, 7, 331
Brinton, Daniel Garrison:
American Race, The, 24, 1107
Brinton Eliot: from Yale to York-
town, 25, 893
Bristol Diamonds, 25, 864
British Colonies, Their History, Ex-
tent, Conditions, and Resources, 5,
395
British Empire, The, 19, 321
British Empire in America, 24, 1108
British Empire Series, 20, 403
British Honduras, 22, 516
British India, 5, 393
British India and its Problems, 5, 395
British Rule and Jurisdiction Be-
yond the Seas, 20, 404
British West Africa, its Rise and
Progress, 19, 326
Briton, E. Vincent:
Amyot Brough, 25, 887
Brocklehurst, T. W.:
Mexico To-day, 22, 515
Brodbeck, A.:
Zoroaster, ein Beitrag zur verglei-
chenden Geschichte der Religion-
en und philosophischen Systeme
des Morgen- und Abendlandes, I,
437
Brodhead, John Romeyn:
History of New York, 24, 1109
Broehner, Jessie H.:
Danish Life in Town and Country,
16, 348
Broglie, Duke of:
King's Secret, The; Being the Se-
cret Correspondence of Louis XV
with his Diplomatic Agents from
1752 to 1774, 9, 501
Broken Rosary, A, 25, 839
Bromby, Charles Hamilton:
Alkibiades, 25, 824
918
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Bronte, Charlotte:
Shirley, 25, 865
Brooks, Elbridge S.:
Boy of the First Empire, A, 25, 842
In Blue and White, 25, 894
In Leisler's Times, 25, 891
Master of the Strong Hearts, 25,
899
Son of Issachar, A, 25, 823
Son of the Revolution, A, 25, 895
Broome, A.:
History of the Rise and Progress
of the Bengal Army, 5, 394
Brothers in Arms, 25, 847
Brown, A. S.:
Madeira and the Canary Islands,
8, 550
Brown, Alexander:
First Republic in America, 24, 1109
Genesis of the United States of
America, 24, 1109
Brown, J. C:
People of Finland in Archaic
Times, 16, 348
Brown, J. M.:
Historical Review of the Revolu-
tions of Portugal, 8, 546
Political Beginnings of Kentucky,
The, 24, mi
Brown, John:
Pilgrim Fathers of New England,
The, 24, 1 108
Brown, Katharine Holland:
Diane, 25, 897
Brown, P. Hume:
Early Travellers in Scotland, 12,
382
Scotland before 1700 from Con-
temporary Documents, 12, 382
Brown, Robert:
Story of Africa and its Explorers,
19, 321
Brown, W. G.:
Lower South, The, 24, n 12
Brown: a Story of Waterloo Year,
25, 866
Brown of Mukden: a Story of the
Russo-Japanese War, 25, 833
Browne, M.:
Chaucer's England, 11, 645
Browne, William Hand:
George and Cecilius Calvert, 24,
IIIO
History of Maryland, 24, 1109
Life of Alexander H. Stephens, 24,
1 1 14
Browning, Oscar:
England and Napoleon in 1803, 10,
509
Peter the Great, 15, 389
Bruce, H.:
Life of Oglethorpe, 24, n 10
Bruce, P. A.:
Economic History of Virginia in
the Seventeenth Century, 24,
1 109
Bruce, W. M.:
Alaska, Its History and Resources,
24, 1 1 14
Bruce (Barbour), 12, 383
Bruce (Maxwell), 12, 383
Brugsch, Heinrich Carl:
History of Egypt under the Pha-
raohs, 1, 432
Brun-Renaud, C. G. N.:
La Perse politique et Militaire au
XIX. siecle, 1, 437
Brunialti, A.:
Le Colonie degli Italiani, 19, 321
Brunnow, Rudolf E.:
Die Charidschiten unter den ersten
Omayyaden, 1, 438
B run ton:
Wallace, 12, 383
Bruyn, Theophilo:
Antologia Portugueza, 8, 549
Cancioneiro Portuguez, 8, 549
Bryant and Gay:
Popular History of the United
States, 24, 1103
Bryce, James:
Constitution of the Commonwealth
of Australia, The, 20, 406
Holy Roman Empire, 18, 455
Impression of South Africa, 19,
321, 20, 405
Two South African Constitutions,
20, 405
Bryden, H. A.:
Exiled Scot, An, 25, 874, 885
Buch, W. T. and Chapman, A.:
Wild Spain, 8, 550
Buchan, John:
John Burnet of Barns, 25, 873
Lost Lady of Old Years, A, 25,
874
AUTHORS AND TITLES
919
Buchanan, George:
Rerum Scoticarum Historia, 12, 382
Buchanan, Robert:
Shadow of the Sword, The, 25, 843
Buckingham, James Silk:
America, Historical, Statistical and
Descriptive, 24, 11 12
Slave States of America, 24, 11 12
Buckland, C. E.:
Dictionary of Indian Biography, 5,
394
Buckle, E.:
Memoir of the Services of the
Bengal Artillery, 5, 394
Buckle, Henry Thomas:
History of Civilization, 10, 507
Buckley, William:
Croppies Lie Down: a Tale of 1798,
25, 870
Budde, Karl:
Die Religion des Volkes Israel bis
zur Verbannung, I, 439
Buddhism, being a Sketch of the Life
and Teachings of Guatama, the
Buddha, 5, 399, 400
Buddhism, its History and Litera-
ture, 5, 400
Buddhist India, 5, 399
Budge, Ernest A. Wallis:
Book of the Dead, The, 1, 432
Egypt from the End of the Neo-
lithic Period to the Death of
Cleopatra VII, 30 B. C, 1, 432
Egypt in the Neolithic and Archaic
Period, I, 432
Mummy, The: Chapters on Egyp-
tian Funeral Archaeology, 1, 432
Buell, A. C:
Life of Sir William Johnson, 24,
1110
Buenos Ayres, la Pampa et la Pata-
gonie, 21, 359
Bug-Jargal, 25, 889
Buhler, J. G. and Kielhorn, F.:
Grundriss der indo-arischen philolo-
gie und altertumskunde, 5, 396
Builders of Great Britain, 20, 405
Builders of the Waste, 25, 845
Bulgarian Horrors and the Question
of the Orient, 14, 514
Bulle, C:
Geschichte der Neuesten Zeit, 17,
467
Bullock, C. J.:
Essays on the Monetary History
of the United States, 24, 1109
Financial History of the Revolu-
tion, 24, 1 1 10
Secret Service of the Confederate
States in Europe, 24, 1114
Bulwer, Sir Henry Lytton and Ash-
ley, E.:
Life of Viscount Palmerston, 11,
645
Bungener, Louis Felix:
Preacher and the King, The, 25,
838
Bunsen, Baron Christian Karl Josias
von:
Egypt's Place in Universal His-
tory, I, 432
Buondelmonte's Saga, 25, 827
Burch, H. E.:
Wind and Wave, 25, 876
Burchell, S. H.:
Daniel Herrick, 25, 858
Duke's Servants, The, 25, 854
In the Days of King James, 25,
854
My Lady of the Bass, 25, 859
Burckhardt, Johann:
Die Kultur der Renaissance in
Italien, 4, 420
Burgess, J. Haldane:
Treasure of Don Andres, The, 25,
872
Burgess, J. W.:
Battles and Leaders, 24, 1105, 11 13
Century War Book, The, 24, 1105,
1113
Civil War and the Constitution,
The, 24, 1 105, 1 1 13
Middle Period, The, 24, 11 12
Burgomaster of Berlin, The, 25, 883
Burgomaster's Wife, The, 25, 876
Burke, Edmund:
Account of English Settlements in
America, 24, 1108
Burke, Edmund, 24, nil
Burke, John Doly:
History of Virginia, 24, 1109
Burke, Ulick Ralph:
History of Spain to the Death of
Ferdinand, 8, 545
Life of Benito Juarez, 22, 515
Burke: An Historical Study, II, 648
920
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Burman, his Life and Notions, The,
5, 400
Burnaby, Andrew:
Travels through the Middle Set-
tlements of North America, 1759-
1760, 24, 1 109
Burnett, Frances Hodgson:
His Grace of Osmonde, 25, 860
In Connection with the De Wil-
loughby Claim, 25, 897
Lady of Quality, A, 25, 860
Burning of Rome, The, 25, 826
Burnside, Ambrose Everett, Life and
Public Services of, 24, 11 14
Burr, Aaron, Conspiracy, The, 24,
1 106
Burton, J. Bloundelle:
Across the Salt Seas, 25, 860
Clash of Arms, The, 25, 838
Denounced, 25, 862
Fortune's My Foe, 25, 833
Gentleman-Adventurer, A, 25, 860,
889
Hispaniola Plate, The, 25, 860, 889
In the Day of Adversity, 25, 838
Scourge of God, The, 25, 839
Servants of Sin, 25, 839
Sword of Gideon, The, 25, 877
Year One, The, 25, 840
Burton, John Hill:
History of Scotland, from the In-
vasion of Agricola to the Union,
12, 382
Burton, Richard:
Personal narrative of a pilgrimage
to El Medinah and Meccah, 1, 438
Burton, Richard Francis:
Across the Rocky Mountains to
California, 24, 11 12
City of Saints, The, 24, 11 12
Bury, John B.:
History of Greece, 2, 555
Busch, Moritz:
Bismarck in the Franco-German
War, 9, 501
Bismarck: Some Secret Pages of
his History, 18, 456
Busch, W.:
England Under the Tudors, 24,
1 106
Bushido, 7, 332
Business in Great Waters, A, 25,
864
Busolt, Georg:
Griechische Geschichte bis zur
Schlacht bei Chaeroneia, 2, 555
Busteed, H. E.:
Echoes from Old Calcutta, 5, 396
Butler, General, in New Orleans, 24,
1114
Butler, A. J.:
Arab Conquest of Egypt and the
last Thirty Years of the Roman
Dominion, 19, 321
Butler, Charles:
Life of Hugo Grotius, 13, 597
Butler, William:
Mexico in Transition, 22, 515
Butterfield, Consul Wiltshire:
History of Brule's Discoveries and
Explorations, 1610-1636, 24, 1108
By Allan Water, 25, 874
By Celia's Arbour, 25, 867
By Conduct and Courage, 25, 865
By Dulvercombe Water, 25, 859
By England's Aid, 25, 854, 876
By Order of the Company, 25, 890
By Order of the Czar, 25, 878
By Pike and Dyke, 25, 876
By Right of Conquest, 25, 889
By Sheer Pluck, 25, 885
By Stroke of Sword, 25, 872
By the North Sea, 25, 860
By the Ramparts of Jezreel, 25, 822
By Weeping Cross, 25, 835
Bynner, Edwin Lassetter:
Agnes Surriage, 25, 892
Begum's Daughter, The, 25, 891
Zachary Phips, 25, 895
Byrdsall, F.:
History of the Loco-foco, or Equal
Rights Party, 24, 11 12
Cable, George Washington:
Cavalier, The, 25, 898
Creoles of Louisiana, 24, 1112
Dr. Sevier, 25, 897
Grandissimes, The, 25, 895
John March, Southerner, 25, 899
Old Creole Days, 25, 896
Cabot, John and Sebastian, 24, 1110
Caddick, Helen:
White Woman in Central Africa,
A, 19, 324
AUTHORS AND TITLES
921
Cadet Days, 25, 894
Csedwalla, 25, 845
Caesar, Caius Julius:
Commentaries on the Gallic and
Civil Wars, 3, 399
Caesar, 3, 401
Caesar: a Sketch, 3, 401
Caesar Borgia, 25, 828
Caesar's Conquest of Gaul, 3, 400
Caged Lion, The, 25, 871
Cahan, A.:
White Terror and the Red, The,
25, 878
Cahun, Leon:
Blue Banner, The, 25, 823
Caine, Hall:
Bondman, The, 25, 864, 881
Deemster, The, 25, 863
Shadow of a Crime, The, 25, 857
Caine, O. V.:
Face to Face with Napoleon, 25,
842, 884
In the Year of Waterloo, 25, 842
Wanderer and King, 25, 857
Calendar of Documents, 12, 382
Calendar of State Papers relating to
Scotland, 12, 382
California and Oregon Trail, The,
24, 1112
California Pastoral, 1769-1848, 20,
401
Caliphate, its Rise, Decline, and Fall,
The, 1, 438
Callahan, J. M.:
Diplomatic History of the South-
ern Confederacy, 24, 1106
Callaway, H.:
Nursery Tales, Traditions and His-
tories of Zulus, 19, 325
Religious System of the Amazulu,
19, 325
Callwell, J. M.:
Champion of the Faith, A, 25, 850
Calvert, George and Cecilius, 24,
mo
Calvert of Strathore, 25, 840
Cambria's Chieftain, 25, 850, 868
Cambridge Modern History, 21, 358,
24, 1 103
Cambridge, Richard Owen:
Account of the War in India be-
tween the English and the
French on . the coast of Coro-
mandel, 1750-1760, 5, 396
Cameron, Verney Lovett:
Across Africa, 19, 325
Camoens, Luiz de:
Os Lusiadas, 5, 396
Camp of Refuge, The, 25, 846
Camp on the Severn, The, 25, 845
Campaign in Kabylia, A, 25, 843
Campaign of Burgoyne and the Ex-
pedition of St. Leger, The, 24, 11 10
Campaign of 1815, The, 10, 509
Campaign of Marengo, The, 10, 510
Campaign of Waterloo, The, 10, 509
Campaigning in South Africa and
Egypt, 19, 326
Campaigns of the Civil War, 24, 11 14
Campbell:
Mediaeval Scotland, 1093-1513, 12,
383
Campbell, Charles:
History of the Colony and Ancient
Dominion of Virginia, 24, 1109
Puritan in England, Holland and
America, The, 24, 1106
Campbell, Rean:
Complete Guide and Descriptive
Book of Mexico, 22, 515
Canada under British Rule, 1760-1900,
20, 407
Canadians of Old, 25, 886
Canavan, Michael Joseph:
Ben Comee, 25, 892
Cancioneiro Portuguez, 8, 549
Canini, I. E.:
Four Centuries of Spanish Rule in
Cuba, 22, 517
Cantemir, Paul Demetrius:
History of the Growth and Decay
of the Othman Empire, 14, 513
Cantu, Cesare:
Delia Indipendenza Italiana, 4, 421
Histoire des Italiens, 4, 419
Margherita Pusteria, 25, 828
Caoba, the Guerilla Chief, 25, 889
Capes, Bernard:
Adventures of the Comte de la
Muette, 25, 841
Castle in Spain, A, 25, 841
Extraordinary Confessions of Di-
ana Please, The, 25, 864
Our Lady of Darkness, 25, 841
922
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Cap'n Nat's Treasure, 25, 863
Captain, The, 25, 898
Captain Fortune, 25, 855
Captain Fracasse, 25, 837
Captain Jacobus, 25, 857
Captain of the Guard, The, 25, 871
Captain of the Janizaries, 25, 879
Captain of the Wight, The, 25, 851
Captain Ravenshaw, 25, 854
Captain Satan, 25, 838
Captain Sir Richard Burton: His
Early, Private and Public Life, 19,
325
Captain's Daughter, The, 25, 879
Captive of the Roman Eagles, A, 25,
827
Caracter de la conquista Espahola en
America y en Mexico segun los
textos de los historiadores primi-
tivos, 21, 358
Cardigan, 25, 892
Cardinal and his Conscience, A, 25,
836
Cardinal Pole, 25, 852
Cardinal's Page, The, 25, 850, 881,
883
Cardinal's Pawn, The, 25, 829
Carew Papers, 12, 381
Carey, Wymond:
For the White Rose, 25, 861
Monsieur Martin, 25, 861, 880
"No. 101," 25, 839
Carleton, William:
Redmond, Count O'Hanlon, the
Irish Rapparee, 25, 869
Willie Reilly and his Dear Colleen
Bawn, 25, 869
Carlson, Frederick Ferdinand and
Geijer, E. J.:
Geschichte Schwedens, 16, 346
Carlyle, Thomas:
French Revolution, The, 9, 496, 10,
507
History of Friedrich II, called
Frederick the Great, 18, 456
Carpenter, Frank G.:
South America: Social, Industrial,
and Political, 21, 360
Carpenter, W. Boyd:
Narcissus, 25, 825
Carr, M. E.:
Love and Honour, 25, 842, 884
Carrington, H. B.:
Battles of the American Revolution,
24, 1 1 10
Carson, H. L.:
History of the Supreme Court of
the United States, 24, 1105
Carte:
History of the Dukes of Ormond,
12, 381
Carthage and the Carthagenians, 3,
401
Cartier to Frontenac, 24, 1108
Carved Cartoon, The, 25, 858
Cary, E.:
George William Curtis, 24, 11 14
Case of Ireland, 12, 382
Casket Letters (Gardiner), 12, 383
Casket Letters (Henderson), 12, 383
Cassique of Kiawah, The, 25, 891
Cassius Dio's Roman History, 3,
399
Castilian Days, 8, 550
Castle, Agnes and Egerton:
Bath Comedy, The, 25, 862
French Nan, 25, 862
Incomparable Bellairs, 25, 862
Pride of Jennico, The, 25, 881
Castle, Egerton:
Light of Scarthey, The, 25, 866
Castle Daly, 25, 870
Castle Dangerous, 25, 871
Castle in Spain, A, 25, 841
Castle Inn, The, 25, 863
Castle Meadow, 25, 863
Castle of Ehrenstein, The, 25, 882
Castle of the White Flag, The, 25,
844
Castle of Twilight, The, 25, 835
Castle Omeragh, 25, 869
Castle Rackrent, 23, 869
Castle Richmond, 25, 870
Castlereagh, Lord:
Correspondence, 10, 509
Catherine de' Medici, The Girlhood
of, 25, 828
Catherine Douglas, 25, 871
Catherwood, Mary Hartwell:
Chase of St. Castin, The, 25, 887
Days of Jeanne d'Arc, 25, 835
Lady of Fort St. John, The, 25.
886
Lazarre, 25, 841, 895
AUTHORS AND TITLES
923
Old Kaskaskia, 25, 887
Romance of Dollard, The, 25, 886
Spanish Peggy, 25, 896
Story of Tonty, The, 25, 887
White Islander, The, 25, 886
Catiline, Clodius and Tiberius, 3, 401
Catlin, George:
Manners, Customs, etc., of the
American Indians, 25, 1107
Catriona, 25, 874
Catterall, R. H. C:
United States Bank, The, 24, 1106
Causes of the Revolution, 24, 1110
Cavalcaselle, Giovanni Battista and
Crowe, Joseph Archer:
New History of Painting in Italy,
A, 4, 421
Cavalier, The, 25, 898
Cavalier Stronghold, A, 25, 856
Cavaliers, The, 25, 856
Cavaliers and Roundheads, 25, 856
Cavallius, H., and Stephens, George:
Old Norse Fairy Tales, gathered
from the Swedish Folk, 16, 349
Cavour, Count Camillo Benso:
Lettere Edite ed Inedite, Raccolte
ed Illustrate da S. Chiala, 4, 421
Cawnpore, 5, 400
Ce que l'lnde doit a la Grece, 5, 397
Cease Fire, 25, 885
Celtic Britain, 11, 648
Celtic Scotland, 12, 382
Central and South America and West
Indies, 22, 516
Century of American Diplomacy, A,
24, 1 105
Century War Book, The, 24, 1105,
1113
Cerise, 25, 839
Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de:
Don Quixote de la Mancha, 25,
833
Cesnola, Louis Palmadi:
Cyprus, Its Ancient Cities, Tombs,
and Temples, 1, 436
Cevallos :
Resumen de la historia del Ecua-
dor, 21, 360
Chadsey, C. D.:
Struggle Between President John-
son and Congress over Recon-
struction, 24, 1 1 14
Chadwick, E. M.:
People of the Long House, The,
24, 1 107
Chailley, Bert P.:
La Tanisie et la Colonisation Fran-
caise, 19, 321
Chaldean Magic: Origin and Devel-
opment, 1, 434
Chaldean Magician, The, 25, 826
Challenge of Barletta, The, 25, 828
Chalmers, George:
History of the Revolt of the Ameri-
can Colonies, 24, 11O8
Opinions of Eminent Lawyers on
Various Points of English Juris-
prudence, Chiefly Concerning the
Colonies, Fisheries and Com-
merce of Great Britain, 20, 404
Political Annals of the Present
United Colonies, 24, 1108
Chamberlain, B. H.:
Hand-book of Colloquial Japanese,
7, 333
Moji-no-Shirube, a Practical Intro-
duction to the Study of the
Japanese Writing, 7, S33
Simplified Grammar of the Japa-
nese Language, A, 7, 333
Things Japanese, 7, 331
Chamberlain, N. A.:
Samuel Sewall and the World He
Lived In, 24, 1110
Chambers, Robert W.:
Ashes of Empire, 25, 844
Cardigan, 25, 892
Lorraine, 25, 843
Maid-at-Arms, The, 25, 892
Maids of Paradise, The, 25, 843
Reckoning, The, 25, 894
Red Republic, The: a Romance of
the Commune, 25, 844
Chamounix and the Range of Mount
Blanc, 13, 600
Champion of the Faith, A, 25, 850
Champollion, Jean Frangois:
Description de l'Egypte, 1, 432
Monuments de l'Egypte et de la
Nubie, 1, 432
Chandra Shekhar, 25, 831
Channing and Hart:
Guide to American History, 24,
1 103
924
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Channing, Edward:
Navigation Laws, 24, mo
Student's History of the United
States, 24, 1 104, 1 108
Chantry Priest of Barnet, The, 25,
8Si *
Chaplain of the Fleet, The, 25, 862
Chaplet of Pearls, The, 25, 836
Chapman, Abel:
Wild Norway, 16, 348
Wild Spain, 8, 550
Chapman, B.:
Gustavus Adolphus and the Thirty
Years War, 16, 345
Chapman, T. J.:
French in the Allegheny Valley,
The, 24, 1 108
Chapters from the Religious History
of Spain, 24, 1106
Chapters on the Law Relating to the
Colonies, 20, 405
Charicles, 25, 824
Charles, Elizabeth:
Annals of an Anglo-Saxon Fam-
ily, 25, 846
Chronicles of the Schonberg-Cotta
Family, 25, 883
Conquering and To Conquer, 25,
827
Diary of Mrs. Kitty Trevelyan, 25,
862
Draytons and the Davenants, The,
25, 856
Joan the Maid, 25, 835
Lapsed, but Not Lost, 25, 826
On Both Sides of the Sea, 25,
856
Sketches of Christian Life in Eng-
land in the Olden Time, 25, 845
Victory of the Vanquished, The,
25, 826
Charles O'Malley, 25, 865, 870
Charles the Great, 9, 497
Charles XII and the Collapse of the
Swedish Empire, 16, 345
Charme, P. de:
Campagnies et Societes Coloniales
Allemandes, 19, 321
Der deutsche Export nach den
Tropen, 19, 321
Char nay, Desire:
Ancient Cities of the New World,
22, 516
Chase, B. G.:
Lowndes of South Carolina, 24,
1113
Chase, L. B.:
History of the Polk Administration,
24, 1112
Chase of Saint Castin, The, 25, 887
Chase, Samuel Portland, 24, 11 14
Chatrian, A., and Erckmann, E.:
Blockade, The, 25, 842
Campaign in Kabylia, A, 25, 843
Conscript, The, 25, 842
Madame Therese; or, The Volun-
teers of '92, 25, 840
Man of the People, A, 25, 843
Story of a Peasant, The, 25, 840
Story of the Plebiscite, The, 25,
843
Waterloo, 25, 843
Year One, 25, 840
Chatterjee, Rai Bahadoor Bankim
Chandra:
Chandra Shekhar, 25, 831
Chaucer's England, 11, 645
Cheap-Jack Zita, 25, 866
Cherry and Violet, 25, 858
Cherry Ribband, The, 25, 873
Cheseny, C:
Waterloo Lectures, 10, 509
Chesney, Francis Rawdon:
Russo-Turkish Campaigns, 1828-
1829, The, 14, 5 13
Chesney, Sir George:
Indian Polity, a View of the Sys-
tem of Administration in India,
5, 394
Chesney, Sir George Tomkyns:
Dilemma, The, 25, 831
True Reformer, A, 25, 832
Chetwode, R. D.:
John of Strathbourne, 25, 836
Knight of the Golden Chain, The,
25, 847
Lord of Lowedale, The, 25, 837,
878
Chevalier, Michel:
Le Mexique ancien et moderne, 22,
5i6
Chevalier d'Auriac, The, 25, 837
Chevalier de Maison-Rouge, 25, 840
Chevalier d'Harmental, Le, 25, 839
Chevalier of the Splendid Crest, The,
25, 871
AUTHORS AND TITLES
925
Cheyne, Thomas K.:
Encyclopaedia Biblica, I, 439
Cheyney, Edward Potts:
European Background of American
History, 1300-1600, 5, 396
Childers, Robert Caesar:
Dictionary of Pali Language, 5, 396
Children of Tempest, 25, 875
Children of the New Forest, The,
25, 856
Children of Wrath, 25, 891
Chili et Chiliens, 21, 360
China, 6, 328
China: Her History, Diplomacy and
Commerce, 6, 325
China in Convulsion, 6, 326
China in Decay, 6, 326
China in Law and Commerce, 6, 328
China in Transformation, 6, 328
China: Its History, Arts and Liter-
ature, 6, 325
China: Its State and Prospects, 6, 329
China Past and Present, 6, 325
China, the Long-Lived Empire, 6,
329
China: Travels and Investigations in
the Middle Kingdom, 6, 329
China under the Search Light, 6, 326
Chinaman, John, 6, 329
China-Japan War of 1894-1895, 6, 325
China's Open Door, 6, 326
China's Relations with the West, 20,
411
Chinese and Their Rebellions, The,
6, 326
Chinese Boy and Girl, The, 6, 327
Chinese Characteristics, 6, 329
Chinese Heroes, 6, 326
Chinese Mother Goose Rhymes, 6,
327
Chinese Porcelain, 6, 328
Chinese, The: Their Education, Phi-
losophy, and Letters, 6, 327
Chipiez, Charles, and Perrot, Georges :
History of Art in Ancient Egypt,
I. 433
History of Art in Chaldsea and
Assyria, 1, 435
History of Art in Persia, 1, 438
History of Art in Phoenicia and
its Dependencies, 1, 436
History of Art in Phrygia, Lydia,
Caria, and Lycia, 1, 437
Choir Invisible, The, 25, 895
Choiseul-Gouffier, Comtesse de:
Historical Memoirs of the Em-
peror Alexander I, 15, 389
Chomley, C. H., and Outhwaite, R. L.:
Wisdom of Esau, The, 25, 888
Chouans, The, 25, 841
Choublier, M.:
La Question d' Orient, 14, 514
Chris Cunningham, 25, 864
Christian Recovery of Spain, The, 8,
548
Christie Carew, 25, 871
Christina, Queen of Sweden, 16, 345
Christopher Columbus (Adams), 24,
1 107
Christopher Columbus (Harrisse), 24,
1 107
Christopher Columbus (Thatcher),
24, 1 107
Chronica General, 8, 546
Chronica gentis Scotorum, 12, 382
Chronicle of Picts and Scots, 12, 382
Chronicle of the Cid, 8, 548
Chronicle of the Reign of Charles IX,
25, 836
Chronicles (Froissart), 9, 501
Chronicles (Holinshead), 12, 381
Chronicles of Glenbuckie, 5, 875
Chronicles of the Conquest of Gra-
nada, 25, 833
Chronicles of the Crusades, 9, 501
Chronicles of the Schonberg-Cotta
Family, 25, 883
Chuquet, A.:
Les guerres de la Revolution, 10,
508
Church, Alfred John:
Burning of Rome, The, 25, 826
Chantry Priest of Barnet, The, 25,
851
Count of the Saxon Shore, The,
25, 84S
Crown of Pine, The, 25, 825
Hammer, The, 25, 822
Heroes of Chivalry and Romance,
25, 844
Lords of the World, 25, 825
Roman Life in the Days of Cicero:
Sketches drawn from his Letters
and Speeches, 3, 402
Stories of Charlemagne and the
Twelve Peers of France, 25, 834
926
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Story of Carthage, 3, 400
Story of the Odyssey, The, 25, 824
To the Lions, 25, 826
Two Thousand Years Ago, 25, 825
With the King at Oxford, 25, 855
Young Macedonian, A, 25, 824
Church, S. H.:
John Marmaduke, 25, 869
Penruddock of the White Lambs,
35, 857
Church and State in New England,
24, 1 109
Church in Spain, The, 8, 548
Churchill, Lord Randolph Spencer:
Men, Mines and Animals in South
Africa, 19, 325
Churchill, Winston Spencer:
Crisis, The, 25, 897
Crossing, The, 25, 894
Richard Carvel, 25, 894
River War, The, 19, 321
Cicero, Marcus Tullius:
Letters of Cicero, 3, 399
Select Orations of Cicero, 3, 399
Cicero and his Friends, 3, 401
Cicero and the Fall of the Roman
Republic, 3, 401
Cinq-Mars, 25, 837
Cinquante Annees de 1' Histoire
Federate de 1' Allemagne. fitude
historique et politique, 18, 456
Cities and Bishoprics in Phrygia,
The, 1, 437
Cities and Sights of Spain, 8, 550
Cities of India, 5, 395
Citizen of India, 5, 394
Citoyenne Jacqueline, 25, 841
City and the Castle, The, 25, 877
City of Saints, The, 24, 11 12
City-State of the Greeks and Ro-
mans, The, 3, 400
Civil and Political History of New
Jersey, A, 24, 1109
Civil History of the Government of
the Confederate States with Some
Personal Reminiscences, 24, 1114
Civil Law in Spain and Spanish
America, The, 20, 403, 21, 361
Civil War, The, 24, 11 13
Civil War and Reconstructien in Ala-
bama, 24, 1 1 14
Civil War and the Constitution, The,
34, 1 1 13
Civil Wars and Monarchy in France,
9, 498
Civilization in Congoland, 19, 325
Civilization of Sweden in Heathen
Times, 16, 346
Civilized Nations, 22, 515
Clansman, The, 25, 899
Clara Hopgood, 25, 830
Clare, Austin:
Carved Cartoon, The, 25, 858
Court Cards: chiefly the Knave of
Hearts, 25, 854
Clare Avery, 25, 854
Clarence, 25, 899
Clark, Alfred:
Woe to the Conquered, 25, 825
Clark, Imogen:
Dominie's Garden, The, 25, 892
Clark, William J.:
Commercial Cuba, 22, 517
Clarke, Sir George .Sydenham:
China-Japan War of 1894-1895, 6,
325
Russian Sea Power, 15, 389
Clarke, H. Butler:
Spanish Literature: An Elementary
Handbook, 8, 549
Clarke, Mrs. Henry:
In Jacobite Days, 25, 859
Trusty Rebel, A, 25, 851
Clarke, James Freeman:
Confucius and the Chinese Classics,
6, 327
Ten Great Religions, 6, 327
Clarke, Marcus A. H.:
For the Term of His Natural Life,
25, 888
Clarke, Mrs, S. M. S.:
Duke's Page, The, 25, 883
Clarke, W. J.:
History of Rome and the Roman
People, 3, 399
Clarkson, Thomas:
Memoir of William Penn, 24, 1110
Clash of Arms, The, 25, 838
Classic Myths, 2, 558
Claude the Colporteur, 25, 884
Claybornes, The, 25, 898
Cleeve, Lucas:
Free Soil, Free Soul, 25, 892
Our Lady of Beauty, 25, 835
Cleland, Robert:
Inchbracken, 25, 875
AUTHORS AND TITLES
927
Clement, E. W.:
Hand-book of Modern Japan, 7, 331
Clement Lorimer; or, The Book with
the Iron Clasps, 25, 867
Clementina, 25, 861, 879
Cleopatra, 25, 821
Clerk of Oxford, A, 25, 848
Cliff Dwellers of the Mesa Verde,
Southwest Colorado, The, 24, 1107
Cloister and the Hearth, The, 25,
828, 835, 876, 883
Cloister Life of the Emperor Charles
V, The, 18, 459
Cloistering of Ursula, The, 25, 828
Club of the Jacobines, The, 9, 496
Coast of Freedom, The, 25, 891
Cobb, J.:
Workman and Soldier, 25, 844
Cobb, S. H.:
Rise of Religious Liberty in Amer-
ica, 24, 1 106, 1 109
Cobban, James MacLaren:
Angel of the Covenant, The, 25,
856, 872
Cease Fire, 25, 885
Code of Hammurabi, King of Baby-
lon, about 2250 B. C, The, 1, 434
Coffin, Charles Carleton:
Boys of '61, 24, 1 1 14
Boys of '76, 24, 11 1 1
Daughters of the Revolution and
their Times, 25, 893
Drum Beat of the Nation, 24, 1114
Old Times in the Colonies, 24,
1 109
Coffin, Victor:
Quebec Act, The, 24, 11 10
Coleccion de libros y documentos
referentes a la historia de Ameri-
ca, 21, 358
Coleccion nueva de documentos para
la historia de Mejico, 22, 516
Collection of Treaties, Engagements,
Sunnuds . . . relating to India
and Neighboring Countries, 5, 394
Coleman, Ann Mary:
Life of John J. Crittenden, 24, 1113
Coleridge, Gilbert and Marion:
Jan van El'selo, 25, 876
Coleridge, M. E.:
Fiery Dawn, The, 25, 843
King with Two Faces, The, 25,
881
Collado, M. Danvila:
El Poder Civil en Espafia, 546
Collignon, Maxime:
Histoire de la sculpture grecque, 2,
557
Collingwood, W. G.:
Thorstein of the Mere: a Saga of
the Northmen in Lakeland, 25,
846
Collins, Wilkie:
Antonina, 25, 827
Colloquies of Edward Osborne, 25,
852
Colonial Civil Service: The Selection
and Training of Colonial Officials
in Holland, England and France,
20, 398
Colonial Era, The, 24, 1108, 1109
Colonial France, 20, 408
Colonial Government: An introduc-
tion to the Study of Colonial In-
stitutions, 20, 399
Colonial King of Spain; The War of
Independence in the South, 20,
402
Colonial Life in New Hampshire, 24,
1 109
Colonial Office List, 20, 404
Colonials, The, 25, 893
Colonies, The, 24, 1108
Colonization of Africa, The, 8, 547
Colossus, The, 25, 886
Colquhoun, Archibald Ross:
China in Transformation, 6, 328
Key of the Pacific the Nicaragua
Canal, The, 22, 516
Matabeleland: the War and our
Position in South Africa, 19, 321
Overland to China, 6, 328
Colquhoun, J. A. S.:
With the Kurram Field Force,
1878-1879, 5, 396
Columbia, 25, 890
Colvin, Sir Auckland:
John Russell Colvin, the last Lieu-
tenant-Governor of the North-
west under the Company, 5, 396
Coming of Cuculain, The: a Romance
of Ireland, 25, 868
Coming of the Friars and other His-
toric Essays, 11, 647
Coming of the Preachers, The, 25,
862
928
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Commander of the Hirondelle, The,
25, 864
Commentaries of Sir Pantaleone, 25,
829
Commentaries on the Constitution of
the Empire of Japan, 7, 333
Commerce and Navigation of the
Erythrean Sea, The, 5, 398
Commercial Cuba, 22, 517
Commercial Policy of England To-
ward the American Colonies, The,
20, 403, 24, 1 1 10
Commercial Relations between Eng-
land and Ireland, 12, 381
Commercial Relations of the United
States with the Far East, 20, 411
Commercial Restraints, 12, 382
Commines, Philippe de:
Memoirs, 9, 501
Commonwealth of Australia Parlia-
ment, Acts . . . passed . . .
in the . . . first and second
sessions of the first parliament,
20, 406
Commune, The, 25, 844
Compagnies et Societes Coloniales
Allemandes, 19, 321
Companions of Jehu, The, 25, 821,
841
Company of Death, The, 25, 829
Compendium of Geography and
Travel, 19, 322
Complete Guide and Descriptive
Book of Mexico, 22, 515
Complete History of Connecticut, 24,
1 108
Comprehensive History of India,
Civil, Military, and Social, 5, 393
Comptes rendues de la session 1895,
20, 398
Compton, H.:
Indian Life in Town and Country,
5, 395
Compton, Herbert E.:
Free Lance in a Far Land, A, 25,
831
Inimitable Mrs. Massingham, The,
25, 864
Palace of Spies, The: an Episode,
25, 865
Queen can do no Wrong, The, 25,
866
Comrie, Margaret S.:
Key to the Riddle, The, 25, 829
Comstock, Harriet T.:
Tower or Throne, 25, 853
Comstock, Seth Cook:
Monsieur le Capitaine Douay, 25,
876
Comyn, Sir Robert:
History of the Western Empire,
18, 456
Confederation, The, 24, mi
Confessions of a Thug, 25, 831
Confucius and the Chinese Classics,
6, 327
Congo, The, 19, 321
Congo and the Founding of the Free
State, The, 19, 324
Conjurer's House, 25, 887
Conkling, A. R.:
Appleton's Guide to Mexico, 22,
5i6
Conkling, Howard:
Coronado's Letter to Mendoza,
1540, 22, 516
Cortes's Account of the City of
Mexico, 22, 516
Mexico and the Mexicans, 22, 516
Connecticut, 24, 1108
Connell, F. Norreys:
Follies of Captain Daly, The, 25,
865
Connelly, W. E.:
Provisional Government of Nebras-
ka Territory, 24, 11 12
Conquering and To Conquer, 25, 827
Conqueror, The, 25, 895
Conquest of Britain, The, II, 647
Conquest of Canada, 1744-1761, The,
20, 408, 24, 1 107
Conquest of Granada, The, 8, 547
Conquest of New Mexico and Cali-
fornia, 24, 1 1 12
Conquest of Plassans, The, 25, 843
Conrad, Joseph:
Nigger of the Narcissus, The, 25.
867
Romance, 25, 866
Conscience, Hendrik:
Fisherman's Daughter, The, 25,
877
L'Annee des Merveilles, 25, 833,
876
AUTHORS AND TITLES
929
Lion of Flanders, The, 25, 875
Ludovic and Gertrude, 25, 876
Veva; or, The War of the Peasants,
35, 877
Year of Miracles, The, 25, 833, 876
Conscript, The, 25, 842
Conspiracy, 25, 889
Conspiracy of Pontiac, The, 20, 408,
24, 1 107
Constable de Bourbon, The, 25, 836
Constable of St. Nicholas, The, 25,
879
Constable of the Tower, The, 25, 852
Constable's Tower, The, 25, 849
Constantinople, 14, 514
Constitution and Reconstruction,
The, 24, 1 105
Constitution and the Civil War, The,
24, 1 105
Constitution of the Commonwealth of
Australia, The, 20, 406
Constitution of the United States,
The, 24, 1111
Constitution Suedoise et le Parlemen-
tarisme Moderne, 16, 346
Constitutional Aspect of the Govern-
ment of Dependencies, 20, 411
Constitutional Development of Japan,
7, 333 _
Constitutional History of England,
11, 647, 12, 381, 24, 1 106
Constitutional History of England in
its Origin and Development, 11,
649
Constitutional History of England
since the Accession of George III,
11, 648
Constitutional History of the Ameri-
can People, 24, 1 105, mi
Constitutional History of the House
of Lords, 24, 1 106
Constitutional History of the United
States (Curtis), 24, 1105, nil
Constitutional History of the United
States (Landon), 24, 1106
Constitutional History of the United
States (Thorpe), 24, 1105, 1113
Constitutional History of the United
States (Von Hoist), 24, 1104
Constitutions and Other Documents
Illustrative of the History of
France, 9, 500
Consuelo, 25, 829, 881
Contemporary American Opinion of
the French Revolution, 9, 497
Contemporary France, 9, 497
Contemporary Spain as Shown by
Her Novelists, 8, 549
Continuation of the History of the
Province of Massachusetts Bay,
1748-1765, 24, 1 108
Contributions to the History of the
Southwestern Portion of the Unit-
ed States, 24, 1 107
Conty, Dr.:
Le Bresil en 1884, 21, 360
L'esclavage au Bresil, 21, 360
Conversations with M. Thiers, M.
Guizot, and Other Distinguished
Persons During the Second Em-
pire, 9, 502
Converse, Florence :
Long Will, 25, 849
Conversion of India from Pantaenus
to the Present Time, A. D. 193-
i893, 5, 394
Conway, Maurice Daniel:
Life of Thomas Paine, 24, mi
Omitted Chapters of History Dis-
closed in the Life and Papers of
Edmund Randolph, 24, 1113
Pine and Palm, 25, 897
Conway, Sir William Martin:
Alps from End to End, The, 13,
599
Cook, George Oram:
Roderick Taliaferro, 25, 889
Cooke, Alice MacGowan, and Grace
MacGowan:
Return, 25, 893
Cooke, John Esten:
Bonnybel Vane, 25, 892
Fairfax, 25, 892
Henry St. John, 25, 893
Hilt to Hilt, 25, 899
Leather Stocking and Silk, 25, 892
Maurice Mystery, 25, 892
Mohun, 25, 899
My Lady Pokahontas, 25, 892
Stories of the Old Dominion, 25,
892
Surry of Eagle's Nest, 25, 892, 898
Virginia Bohemians, 25, 892
Virginia Comedians, The, 25, 892
930
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Cooke, Philip St. George:
Conquest of New Mexico and Cali-
fornia, 24, 1 1 12
Cooke, Rose Terry:
Steadfast, 25, 891
Cooley, William Forbes:
Emmanuel: the Story of the Mes-
siah, 25, 823
Cooper, Frank: see Simms, William
Gilmore
Cooper, James Fenimore:
Leatherstocking Romances, The,
25, 892
Lionel Lincoln, 25, 893
Mercedes of Castile, 25, 833, 890
Pilot, The, 25, 894
Spy, The, 25, 894
Wept of the Wish-Ton-Wish, The,
25, 891
Wing-and-Wing; or, Le Feu-follet,
25, 829
Coppee, Henry:
General Thomas, 24, 11 14
History of the Conquest of Spain
by the Arab-Moors, with a
Sketch of the Civilization They
Achieved and Imparted to Eu-
rope, 8, 546
Copperhead, The: and other Stories
of the North, 25, 898
Corbett, Julian Strafford:
Business in Great Waters, A, 25,
864
Drake and the Tudor Navy, 24,
1110
Fall of Asgard, The, 25, 880
For God and Gold, 25, 853
Cordier, Henri:
Bibliotheca Sinica, 7, 331
Barabbas: a Dream of the World's
Tragedy, 25, 823
Corleone: a Sicilian Story, 25, 830
Cornaby, A. :
China under the Search Light, 6,
326
Crisis in China, The, 6, 326
Cornaby, W. Arthur:
String of Chinese Peach Stones, A,
6, 327
Cornell, W. M.:
Life and Public Career of Horace
Greeley, 24, 11 14
Cornet of Horse, The, 25, 860
Cornet Strong of Ireton's Horse, 25,
855
Cornford, L. Cope:
Captain Jacobus, 25, 857
Last Buccaneer, The; or, The Trus-
tees of Mrs. A., 25, 889
Master Beggars, The, 25, 876
Sons of Adversity, 25, 853
Cornill, Carl Heinrich:
Einleitung in das alte Testament,
I, 439
Coronado Expedition, 1540-1542, The,
24, 1 107
Coronado's Letter to Mendoza, 1540,
22, 516
Coronation, 25, 850
Corrageen, 25, 870
Correspondance de Guillaume d'
Orange, 13, 597
Correspondance de Marguerite d'
Autricte et Philippe II, 13, 597
Correspondance de Marie Therese
avec le Comte Merci-Argenteau, 17,
466
Correspondence (Castlereagh), 10,
509
Correspondence (Frederick the
Great), 18, 457
Correspondence (Motley), 13, 598
Cortes, Hernando, Conqueror of
Mexico, 22, 517
Cortes, Manuel Jose:
Ensayo sobre la historia de Bolivia,
31, 359
Cortes's Account of the City of Mex-
ico, 22, 516
Corwithen, James:
History of the Church of England,
24, 1 109
Cory, Isaac Preston:
Ancient Fragments of Phoenician,
Chaldean, Egyptian and other
Writers, I, 431
Costa, B. F. de:
Pre-Columbian Discovery of Amer-
ica by the Northmen, 24, 1108
Cotton, Albert Louis:
Company of Death, The, 25, 829
Cotton Mather and Salem Witch-
craft, 24, 1 1 10
Cotton States in 1875, The, 24, 1114
AUTHORS AND TITLES
931
Couch, A. T. Quiller:
Adventures of Harry Revel, The,
35, 865
Blue Pavilions, The, 25, 859
Fort Amity, 25, 887
Hetty Wesley, 25, 862
Spendid Spur, The, 25, 855
Count Beust, 17, 468
Count Frontenac and New France
Under Louis XIV, 24, 1107
Count Hannibal, 25, 836
Count of the Saxon Shore, The, 25,
845
Count Robert of Paris, 25, 847, 879
Countess Cosel, The, 25, 879, 884
Countess of Dammartin, The, 25,
835
Countess of Rudolstadt, The, 25,
829, 881
Court Cards: Chiefly the Knave of
Hearts, 25, 854
Court Life under the Plantagenets,
25, 847
Courtship of Morrice Buckler, The,
25, 859, 881
Courtship of Sarah, The, 25, 862
Cowper, Edith E.:
Viva Christina, 25, 834
Cowper, Frank:
Caedwalla, 25, 845
Captain of the Wight, The, 25, 851
Island of the English, The, 25,
842
Cox, Sir George:
Greeks and the Persians, The, 2,
556
General History of Greece to the
Death of Alexander, 2, 556
Cox, Samuel Sullivan:
Three Decades, 24, 11 13
Coxe, William:
History of the House of Austria,
17, 465, 18, 456
Memoirs of the Kings of Spain of
the House of Bourbon from the
Accession of Philip V to the
Death of Charles III (1700-1788),
8, 546
Craddock, Charles Egbert:
Spectre of Power, A, 25, 892
Story of Old Fort London, The,
25, 892
Cradle of the Confederacy, 24, n 12
Craig, R. Manifold:
Weird of Silken Thomas, The, 25,
868
Craigie, Mrs.:
School for Saints, The, 25, 834
Craik, Dinah Maria:
John Halifax, Gentleman, 25, 864
Crake, A. D.:
^Emilius, 25, 826
Alfgar the Dane, 25, 846
Brian Fitz-Court, 25, 847
Camp on the Severn, The, 25, 845
Edwy the Fair, 25, 846
Evanus, 25, 827
House of Wallderne, The, 25, 848
Last Abbot of Glastonbury, The,
25, 852
Rival Heirs, The, 25, 846
Crane, Stephen:
Active Service, 25, 825, 880
Red Badge of Courage, The, 25,
898
Wounds in the Rain, 25, 900
Crawford, Francis Marion:
Corleone: a Sicilian Story, 25, 830
Don Orsino, 25, 830
In the Palace of the King, 25, 833
Marietta: a Maid of Venice, 25,
828
Sant 'Ilario, 25, 830
Saracinesca, 25, 830
Zoroaster, 25, 822
Crawford, Samuel Wylie:
Story of Fort Sumter, 24, 1113
Crawfurd, Oswald:
Portugal, Old and New, 8, 546
Round the Calendar in Portugal, 8,
550
Crawson and Keane:
Early English Chartered Com-
panies, 24, 1 106
Cregy and Poictiers, 25, 849
Creeds and Platforms of Congrega-
tionalism, 24, 1 109
Creighton, John N.:
Narrative of the Siege and Cap-
ture of Bhurtfore, 5, 396
Crellin, H. N.:
Romances of Seraglio, 25, 879
Tales of the Caliph, 25, 822
Creoles of Louisina, 24, 11 12
932
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Crespigny, Mrs. Philip Champion
de:
Mischief of a Glove, The, 25, 853
Creswick, Paul:
Hastings the Pirate, 25, 846
In Alfred's Days, 25, 846
Robin Hood and his Adventures,
25, 848
With Richard the Fearless: A Tale
of the Red Crusade, 25, 847
Crichton, 25, 837
Crimson Sign, The, 25, 869
Crimson Wing, The, 25, 844
Crisis, The, 25, 897
Crisis in China, The, 6, 326
Cristina: a Romance of Italy in the
Olden Days, 25, 827
Critical Period of American History,
The, 24, mi
Critical Study of Nullification, 24,
1106, 1112
Critical Study of the Various Dates
Assigned to the Birth of Christo-
pher Columbus, 21, 358
Crittenden, 25, 899
Crockett, Samuel Rutherford:
Banner of Blue, The, 25, 875
Black Douglas, 25, 871
Cherry Ribband, The, 25, 873
Dark o' the Moon, The, 25, 874
Firebrand, The, 25, 834
Flower o' the Corn, 25, 839
Grey Man, The, 25, 872
Joan of the Sword-Hand, 25, 883
Lochinvar, 25, 873
Men of the Moss-Hags, The, 25,
873
Raiders, The, 25, 874
Red Axe, The, 25, 884
Silver Skull, The, 25, 830
Standard Bearer, The, 25, 873
Croffut, W. A.:
Folks Next Door, 22, 516
Croly, George:
Salathiel, the Immortal: a History,
25, 823
Cromwell, 11, 648
Cromwell and the Rule of the Puri-
tans in England, 11, 646
Cromwellian Settlement of Ireland,
13, 382, 24, 1 106
Cromwell's Own, 25, 855
Crooke, W.:
Things Indian, being Discursive
Notes on Various Subjects Con-
nected with India, 5, 395
Croppies Lie Down: a Tale of 1798,
25, 870
Croppy, The, 25, 870
Cross, A. L.:
Anglican Episcopate and the Amer-
ican Colonies, The, 24, 1109
Cross of Pearls, The, 25, 835
Cross River Natives, 19, 326
Cross Triumphant, The, 25, 823
Crossing, The, 25, 894
Crottie, Julia M.:
Lost Land, The, 25, 870
Crowe, Eyre Evans:
History of France, 9, 495
Crowe, Joseph Archer, and Cavalca-
selle, Giovianni Battista:
New History of Painting in Italy,
A, 4, 421
Crowley, Mary C:
Daughter of New France, A, 25,
887
Heroine of the Strait, The, 25, 892
Crown of Pine, The, 25, 825
Crowned with the Immortals, 25,
840
Cruise of the " Enterprise," The, 25,
895
Crusade of St. Louis, 9, 501
Cuba and Porto Rico with the other
Islands of the West Indies, 22, 518
Cuba, Past and Present, 22, 518
Cuban and Porto Rican Campaigns,
The, 22, 518
Cuban Expedition, A, 25, 889
Cubas:
Mexico: Its Trade, Industries, and
Resources, 22, 516
Cuinet, Victor:
La Turquie d' Asie, 14, 515
Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western
Asia, The, 1, 435
Cunningham, Allan :
Sir Michael Scot, 25, 871
Cunningham, C. D., and Adams, Sir
F. O.:
Swiss Confederation, The, 13, 599
Cunningham, William:
Growth of English Industry and
AUTHORS AND TITLES
933
Commerce during the Early and
Middle Ages, II, 646, 20, 404
Western Civilization in its Eco-
nomic Aspects, 3, 402
Cunningham, Lady Fairlie:
Little Saint of God, The, 25, 840
Currency and Banking in Massa-
chusetts Bay, 24, 1 109
Curry, Jabez Lamar Monroe:
History of the Government of the
Confederate States, 24, 1106, 11 14
Southern States of the American
Union, The, 24, 1106
Curtis, George Ticknor:
Constitutional History of the
United States, 24, 1105, 1111
Life of Buchanan, 24, 11 12
Life of Daniel Webster, 24, n 13
Curtis, George William, 24, 11 14
Curtis, William Elroy:
Between the Andes and the Ocean,
21, 361
Denmark, Norway and Sweden, 16,
348
Curtius, Can. A. M.:
Macedonian Empire, The, 2, 557
Curtius, Ernst:
History of Greece, 2, 555
Curzon, George Nathaniel:
Persia and the Persian Question,
. 5, 401
Problems of the Far East, 6, 326
Cusack:
Student's Manual of Irish History,
12, 381
Life of St. Patrick, 12, 381
Cushing, Caleb:
Treaty of Washington, 24, 1106
Customs and Lore of Modern Greece,
The, 2, 558
Customs of New England, 24, 1109
Cuthell, E. C, and Foster, A. J.:
Robber Baron of Bedford Castle,
The, 25, 848
Cutts, E. L.:
St. Cedd's Cross, 25, 845
Villa of Claudius, The, 25, 845
Cycle of Cathay, A, 6, 328
Cypress, Its Ancient Cities, Tombs
and Temples; a Narrative of Re-
searches and Excavations, 1, 436
Czajkowski, Michael:
Black Pilgrim, The, 25, 825, 879
D
Dabney, R. L.:
Stonewall Jackson, Life of, 24, 11 14
Dacraux, En.:
Buenos Ayres, la Pampa et la
Patagonie, 21, 359
Dagger and the Cross, The, 25, 858
Dagonet, the Jester, 25, 856
Dahlinger, C. W.:
German Revolution of 1849, 18, 456
Dahlman, Friedrich Christoph :
Geschichte von Danemark bis zur
Reformation, mit Inbegriff von
Norwegen und Island, 16, 345
Dahlmann-Waitz :
Quellenkunde der deutschen Ge-
schichte, 17, 465
Dahn, Felix:
Captive of the Roman Eagles, A,
25, 827
Felicitas, 25, 827, 882
Scarlet Banner, The, 25, 827
Struggle for Rome, A, 25, 827
Dai Nippon, A Study in National
Evolution, 7, 332
Dale, Mrs. Hylton:
Crowned with the Immortals, 25,
840
Dall, William Healey:
Tribes of the Extreme Northwest,
24, 1 107
D'Altons of Crag, The, 25, 870
Daly, Charles Patrick:
Settlement of Jews in North
America, 1, 439
Dana, Charles Anderson:
Recollections of the Civil War, 24,
1114
Dandy, Richard :
Sultan and His Subjects, The, 14,
515
Danes and Northmen in England,
Scotland and Ireland, The, 16, 347
Daniel Deronda, 25, 824
Daniel Herrick, 25, 858
Daniell and Forster:
Life and Letters of Ogier de Bus-
becq, 14, 514
Danilevski, G. P.:
Princess Jarakanova: a Dark Chap-
ter of Russian History, 25, 878
Danish Greenland, Its People and Its
Products, 16, 349
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Danish Life in Town and Country,
1 6, 348
Danton, 9, 496
Danton emigre, 10, 508
Danton et les massacres de Septem-
bre, 10, 508
Danvers, F. C:
History of the Portuguese in In-
dia, 5, 396, 8, 546
Report to the Secretary of State
for India in Council on the
Portuguese Records relating to
the East Indies at Lisbon and
Evora, 5, 396
Darien; or, The Merchant Prince,
25, 860
Dark o' the Moon, The, 25, 874
Darkness and Dawn, 25, 826
Darmesteter, James:
Essais orientaux, 1, 437
Etudes iraniennes, 1, 437
Haurvatat et Ameretot, essai stir
la mythologie de TAvesta, 1, 437
Ormuzd et Ahrman, 1, 437
Zend Avesta, in Sacred Books of
the East, 1, 437
Darmesteter, Madame James:
Ballads of the Dauphine, The, 25,
835
Countess of Dammartin, The, 25,
835
Mediaeval Garland, A, 25, 834
Philip the Leal, 25, 835
Story of Antonio, The, 25, 827
True Story of White-Rose and the
Fair Sibyl, The, 25, 836
Darnley, 25, 851
Das Leben des Feldmarschalls Gra-
fen York von Wartenburg, 18, 456
Das Leben Muhammeds, 1, 439
Das Nordliche Mittel-Amerika, 22,
517
Das Stattsrecht des Konigreichs Por-
tugal, 8, 548
Das Zeitalter der Revolution, des
Kaiserreichs und der Befreiungs-
Kriege, 17, 467
Dasent, Sir George Webbe:
Vikings of the Baltic, The, 25, 880
Daudet, Alphonse:
Robert Helmont, 25, 844
Daudet, Ernest:
Rafael, 25, 834
Daughter of France, A, 25, 887
Daughter of New France, A, 25,
887
Daughter of Peter the Great, The,
15, 389
Daughter of Strife, A, 25, 874
Daughter of the Klephts, A, 25, 824
Daughter of the Manse, A, 25, 875
Daughter of the Transvaal, A, 25,
886
Daughters of the Revolution and
Their Times, 25, 893
Dauntless, 25, 855, 869
Davenport, Arnold:
By the Ramparts of Jezreel, 25, 822
Davey, R.:
Cuba, Past and Present, 22, 518
David Alden's Daughter, 25, 890
David Balfour, 25, 874
Davidson, Mary M.:
Edward the Exile, 25, 846
Davidson, Thomas:
Education of the Greek People, 2,
558
Davies, C. M.:
History of Holland and the Dutch
Nation, 15, 597, 24, 1106
Davies, G. S.:
Gaudentius, 25, 826
Julian's Dream, 25, 827
Davies, Sir John:
Discoverie, 12, 381
Davis, A. McF.:
Currency and Banking in Massa-
chusetts Bay, 24, 1 109
Davis, Jefferson:
Rise and Fall of the Confederate
Government, 24, 1 113
Davis, Richard Harding:
Cuban and Porto Rican Campaigns,
The, 22, 518
Davis, William Stearns:
Belshazzar: a Tale of the Fall of
Babylon, 25, 821
Falaise of the Blessed Voice, 25,
834
Friend of Caesar, A, 25, 825
Saint of Dragon's Dale, The: a
Fantastic Tale, 25, 882
Dawkins, William Boyd:
Early Man in Britain, II, 646
Dawn of Italian Independence, The,
4, 422
AUTHORS AND TITLES
935
Dawson, A. J.:
Fortunes of Farthings, The, 25,
860
Dawson, Thomas Cleland:
South American Republics, 21, 360
Dawson, W. H.:
Bismarck and State Socialism, 18,
459
Germany and the Germans, 18, 460
Dawson, W. S.:
Social Switzerland, 13, 599
Day, Clive:
Dutch Colonial fiscal system, 20,
397
Policy and Administration of the
Dutch in Java, 5, 396, 20, 409
Day of Wrath, The, 25, 882
Daybreak in Britain, 25, 845
Days of Bruce, The, 25, 871
Days of Jeanne d'Arc, 25, 835
Dayspring, The, 25, 843
Dayton, A. C:
Last Days of Knickerbocker Life
in New York, 24, 1109
D'Azeglio, M.:
Challenge of Barletta, The, 25, 828
Maid of Florence, The, 25, 826
Scritti Politice Letterarie, preceduti
da uno studio sull'autore, di M.
Tabarrini, 4, 421
Deal with the King, A, 25, 861
Deane, Mary:
Rose-Spinner, The, 25, 862
Dearmer, Mabel:
Orangery, The: A Comedy of
Tears, 25, 864
Death of the Gods, The, 25, 827
Deb Clavel, 25, 859
Debidour:
Histoire diplomatique de l'Europe,
1814-1878, 18, 456
Deborah, 25, 822
Deborah's Diary, 25, 858
Debts of Honour, 25, 882
Decatur and Somers, 25, 896
Decisive Battles of India, 5, 399
Declaration of Independence, The,
24, 1110
Decle, Lionel:
Three Years in Savage Africa, 19,
325
Decline and Fall of Napoleon, The,
10, 510
Decline and Fall of the Roman Re-
public, 3, 400
Decouvertes en Chaldee, 1, 435
Deemster, The, 25, 863
Deeping, Warwick:
Uther and Igraine, 25, 845
Defence de Sebastapol, 14, 514
Defence of the Revolutionary History
of North Carolina, 24, 11 10
Defender of the Faith, 25, 851
Defense of Plevna, The, 14, 514
Defoe, Daniel:
Memoirs of a Cavalier, 25, 883
De Foix, 25, 835
DeForest, J. W.:
Kate Beaumont, 25, 897
Deguignes, Joseph:
Histoire general des Huns, des
Tures, des Mongols, et des antres
Tartars occidentaux, 6, 325
De la Colonisation chez les Peuples
Modernes, 19, 323, 20, 398, 21, 359
Delitzsch, Friedrich:
Babel and Bibel, 1, 434
Geschichte Babyloniens und Assyr-
iens, 1, 435
Handel, Recht, und Sitte im alten
Babylonien, 1, 434
Delia Indipendenza Italiana, 4, 421
Dellenbaugh, Frederick S.:
North Americans of Yesterday, 21,
357, 24, 1 107
Deluge, The, 25, 878
Demmler, Franz:
Memoirs of the Court Aristocracy
and Diplomacy of Austria, 18,
459
Democracy in America, 24, 1105
Dempster, Charlotte L. H.:
Iseulte, 25, 844
Deniche, H.:
Von der deutschen Hansa: eine
Historische Skizze, 18, 456
Denis:
Huss et la Guerre des Hussites, 17,
466
Denis Dent, 25, 888
Denis Duval, 25, 863
Denk wiirdig keiten des Staatskan-
zlers Fiirsten von Hardenberg, 18,
458
Denkmaler aus Aegypten und Aethi-
opien, 1, 433
936
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Denmark, 16, 347
Denmark and Germany Since 1815,
16, 346
Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, 16,
348
Denmark, Past and Present, 16, 347
Dennison, C. G.:
Fight to a Finish, A, 19, 321
Denounced, 25, 862
Dent, C. T.:
Mountaineering, 13, 599
De Opkomst van het Nederlandsch
Gezag in Oost-Indie, 5, 398
De Quincey, Thomas:
Klosterheim, 25, 884
Der Aufenthalt Israels in Aegypten
im Lichte der aegyptischen Monu-
mente, 1, 433
Der babylonische Ursprung der
aegyptische Kultur, 1, 434
Der deutsche Export nach den Tro-
pen, 19, 321
Der deutsche-franzosiche Krieg, 1870
und 1871, 18, 457
Der deutsche Kapital-markt, 18, 456
Der Heilige, 25, 847
Der Islam in Morgen- und Abend-
land, 1, 438, 5, 393
Der Sturm des Kaiserthrons im Bra-
silien, ax, 360
Derwent's Horse, 25, 886
Description de l'Egypte, 1, 432
Description Geographique, etc., de la
Chine, 6, 328
Deserter, and other Stories, The, 25,
850, 898
Desidero, 25, 828
De Soto and His Men, 24, 1107
Destruction and Reconstruction, 24,
1113
Destruction of Greek Empire and the
Capture of Constantinople by the
Turks, The, 14, 514, 24, 1106
Det Norske Folks Historie, 16, 346
Deutsche Geschichte im neunzehnten
Jahrhundert, 18, 459
Deutsche Geschichte vom Tode
Friedrichs des Grossen bis zur
Grundung des deutschen Bundes,
18. 457
Deutsche Kolonialzeitung. Organ der
deutschen Kolonialgesellschaft, Re-
dacteur, Gustav Meinecke, 20, 410
Deutsches Kolonial-Handbuch nach
amtlichen Quellen bear-beitet, 19,
322, 20, 410
Deutschlands Kolonien, 19, 324, 20,
410
Deventer, M. L. van:
Cinquante Annees de l'Historie
Federale de l'Allemagne. fitude
historique et politique, 18, 456
Devereux, Mary:
From Kingdom to Colony, 25, 893
Lafitte of Louisiana, 25, 842, 895
Devereux, 25, 861
Dewey, D. R.:
Financial History of the United
States, 24, 1 105
Dewitt, D. M.:
Impeachment and Trial of Andrew
Johnson, 24, 11 14
Dexter, E. G.:
History of Education in the United
States, 24, 1 105
Diana's Crescent, 25, 864
Diane, 25, 897
Diary of a Cavalry Officer in the
Peninsular and Waterloo Cam-
paigns, 10, 510
Diary of an Idle Woman in Spain,
8, 550
Diary of Mrs. Kitty Trevelyan, 25,
862
Dicey, A. V.:
Privy Council, The, 24, 1106
Dickens, Charles:
Barnaby Rudge, 25, 863
Tale of Two Cities, A, 25, 840
Dickeson, Alfred:
Tychiades, 25, 821
Dickinson, G. Lowes:
Letters from a Chinese Official, 6,
328
Dickson, Harris:
Black Wolf's Breed, The, 25, 838,
891
She That Hesitates, 25, 878
Siege of Lady Resolute, The, 25,
839
Dickson, W. P.:
History of Rome, 3, 399
Provinces of the Roman Empire, 3,
402
Dictionary of English History, 11,
645
AUTHORS AND TITLES
937
Dictionary of Indian Biography, 5,
394
Dictionary of the Bible, A, 1, 440,
441
Dictionary of the Pali Language, 5,
396
Dictionnaire geographique, historique
et litteraire de la Perse et des cou-
trees adjacentes, 1, 437
Diderot and the Encyclopaedists, 9,
498
Die Aegyptische Religion, 1, 432
Die Altertiimer des Volkes Israel, 1,
439
Die argentinische Republik als Ziel
der europaischen Auswanderung,
21, 359
Die argentinische Republik Buenos-
Ayres, 31, 359
Die Charidschiten unter den ersten
Omayyaden, 1, 438
Die deutschen Kolonien in Wort und
Bild, 19, 323, 20, 410
Die Entstehung der Judenthums, 1,
440
Die Entstehung des Volkes Israel, 1,
441
Die Euphratlander und das Mittel-
meer, 1, 435
Die europaischen Kolonien, 20, 399,
400, 403, 405, 409
Die gottesdienstlichen Vortrage der
Juden, 1, 441
Die Hittiter, 1, 436
Die Insel Haiti, 22, 518
Die Keilinschriften und das alte Tes-
tament, 1, 435
Die Kolonialpolitik der Niederlander,
20, 409
Die Kolonialpolitik Frankreichs, 20,
409
Die Kolonialpolitik Grossbritanniens,
19, 324, 20, 405
Die Kolonialpolitik Portugals und
Spaniens, 8, 549, 20, 400, 403, 21,
358
Die Kultur der Renaissance in Ital-
ien, 4, 420
Die La Plata Lander, 21, 359
Die Oesterreich-Ungarische Mon-
archic in Wort und Bild, 17, 466,
468
Die Phonizier, 1, 436
Die punischen Texte im Penules des
Plautaus kritisch gewurdigt und
erklart, 1, 436
Die Rechsverhaltnisse der deutschen
Schutzgebiete, 19, 324
Die Religion des Volkes Israel bis
zur Verbannung, 1, 439
Die Romer in Deutschland, 18, 457
Die Schweiz, 13, 599
Die Volker Vorderasiens, 1, 437
Diego Velasquez and His Times, 8,
549
Diehl, Charles:
Excursions archiologiques in Grece,
2, 558
Dieulafoy, J.:
L'acropole de Suse, d'apres les
fouilles de 1884-1886, 1, 437
La Perse, la Chaldee et la Susiane,
1, 437
L'art antique de la Perse, 1, 437
Digby, W.:
Prosperous British India, 5, 395
Dilemma, The, 25, 831
Dilke, Sir Charles Wentworth:
British Empire, The, 19, 321
Problems of Greater Britain, 5, 395,
20, 404
Dinwiddie, William:
Porto Rico, Its Conditions and Pos-
sibilities, 22, 518
Dio, Cassius:
Roman History, 3, 399
Diplomacy of the Revolution, 24,
1 1 10
Diplomatic and Other Correspond-
ence, 1794-1807, 10, 509
Diplomatic History of the Southern
Confederacy, 24, 1106
Diplomatic Relations of the United
States and Spanish America, 21,
359
Dirom, A.:
Narrative of the Campaign in In-
dia which terminated the War
with Tippoo Sultan in 1792, 5,
397
Disaster, The, 25, 844
Discourses and Sayings of Confucius..
The, 6, 327
Discoverie, 12, 381
938
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Discovery of America, 24, 1107
Discovery of America by the North-
men, 24, 1108
Discovery of the Nineteenth Cen-
tury, 19, 323
Dispatches of Colonel T. Graham on
the Italian Campaign of 1796-1797,
10, 509
Dispatches of Wellington, 17, 467
Disputed V. C, The, 25, 832
Division and Reunion, 24, 11 12
Dix, Beulah Marie:
Beau's Comedy, The, 25, 895
Fair Maid of Graystones, The, 25,
856
Hugh Gwyeth, 25, 855
Little Captive Lad, A, 25, 857
Making of Christopher Ferring-
ham, The, 25, 890
Soldier Rigdale, 25, 890
Dixon, R. W.:
History of the Church of England
from the Abolition of the Roman
Jurisdiction, 11, 646
Dixon, Thomas, Jr.:
Clansman, The, 25, 899
Dmitri, 25, 877
Dobrizhoffer, Martin:
Account of the Abipones, an
Equestrian People of Paraguay,
20, 401
Dr. Antonio, 25, 830
Dr. Le Baron and his Daughters, 25,
891
Dr. Sevier, 25, 897
Documentos para la historia de Mej-
ico, 22, 516
Dodge, L., and Preston, H. W.:
Private Life of the Romans, 3, 402
Dodge, R. I.:
Our Wild Indians, 24, 1107
Dodge, Theodore Ayrault:
Bird's-eye View of the Civil War,
24, 1 105, 1 1 13
Caesar, 3, 401
Gustavus Adolphus, 16, 345
Hannibal, 3, 401
Dogs of War, The, 25, 855
Dole, Nathan Haskell:
Omar the Tentmaker, 25, 822
Dom Pedro II, 21, 360
Dominie's Garden, The, 25, 892
Dominique's Vengeance, 25, 837
Domitia, 25, 826
Don John of Austria, 13, 598, 14,
514, 18, 459
Don Orsino, 25, 830
Don Quixote de la Mancha, 25, 833
Don Tarquinio: a Kataleptic Ro-
mance, 25, 828
Dona Ysabel, 25, 842
Doniol, H.:
La Revolution et la Feodalite, 10,
508
Doolittle, Justus:
Social Life of the Chinese, 6, 328
Doris Kingsley, 25, 893
Dorothy Dymoke, 25, 852
Dorothy Forster, 25, 861
Dorothy Vernon of Haddon Hall,
25, 853
Dorr, Julia C. R-:
In King's Houses, 25, 860
Dougall, Lily:
Mormon Prophet, The, 25, 896
Doughty, A. G.:
Siege of Quebec and Battle of the
Plains of Abraham, 24, 1108
Douglas, G.:
Eastern Questions from the Treaty
of Paris, 1856, to the Treaty of
Berlin, 1878, and to the Second
Afghan War, 5, 397
Douglas, Sir George Brisbane Scott:
New Border Tales, The, 25, 873
Douglas, Robert Kenneway:
Europe and the Far East, 6, 326
Society in China, 6, 328
Douglass, Frederic:
Life and Times of Frederic Doug-
lass, 24, 1 1 12
Dove in the Eagle's Nest, The, 25,
883
Down the O-hi-o, 25, 897
Downfall, The, 25, 844
Downfall of Spain, The: Naval His-
tory of the Spanish-American War,
8, 548
Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan:
Adventures of Gerard, 25, 842
Exploits of Brigadier Gerard, 25,
842
Great Shadow, The, 25, 843, 866
Micah Clarke, 25, 859
Refugees, The, 25, 838
Rodney Stone, 25, 864
AUTHORS AND TITLES
939
Uncle Bernac, 25, 841
War in South Africa, The, Its
Cause and Conduct, 19, 322
White Company, The, 25, 835, 850
Doyle, J. A.:
English in America, The, 24, 1108
Dragon and the Raven, The, 25, 846
Drake, Benjamin:
Life of Tecumseh and of His
Brother the Prophet, 24, 11 13
Drake, Francis Samuel:
General Knox, 24, nil
Drake, Samuel Adams:
Border Wars of New England, 24,
1 108
Making of New England, 24, 1108
Drake, Samuel Gardner:
Annals of Witchcraft in New Eng-
land, 24, 1108
Aboriginal Races of North Amer-
ica, 24, 1 107
Drake and his Yeomen, 25, 853
Drake and the Tudor Navy, 24, 11 10
Draper, John William:
History of the Civil War, 24, 11 13
Draytons and the Davenants, The,
25, 856
Dream Charlotte, The, 25, 841
Dream of a Throne, A, 25, 896
Dream of John Ball, The, 25, 850
Dreamers of the Ghetto, 25, 823
Driscoll, King of Scouts, 25, 886
Driven, 25, 867
Driver, Samuel R.:
Introduction to the Literature of
the Old Testament, An, 1, 439
Droysen, Gustav:
Gustav Adolph, 18, 456
Droysen, Johann Gustav:
Das Leben des Feldmarschalls
Grafen York von Wartenburg,
18, 456
Droz, Thomas:
Histoire du regne de Louis XVII,
10, 508
Drum Beat of the Nation, 24, 11 14
Drummer Boy, The, 25, 898
Drummer's Coat, The, 25, 865
Drummond, Hamilton:
For the Religion, 25, 836
King's Pawn, A, 25, 837
Lord of the Soil, A, 25, 835
Man of His Age, A, 25, 836
Man's Fear, A, 25, 880
Dryad, The, 25, 824
Duance Pendray, 25, 861
Dubois, Jean Antoine:
Hindu Manners, Customs, and Cer-
emonies, 5, 397
Du Bose, J. W.:
Life of Yancey, 24, 11 12
Dubost, Antonin:
Danton et les massacres de Sep-
tembre, 10, 508
Du Chaillu, Paul:
Ivar the Viking, 25, 880
Land of the Long Night, The, 16,
348
Land of the Midnight Sun, The, 16,
348
Viking Age, The, 16, 345
Duff, J. G.:
History of the Marathas, 5, 397
Duffy, Charles Gavan :
Young Ireland, 12, 382
Duke of Albany's Highlanders, The,
25, 832
Duke of Britain, A, 25, 845, 871
Duke of Monmouth, 25, 859
Duke of Stockbridge, The, 25, 894
Duke's Own, The, 25, 831
Duke's Page, The, 25, 883
Duke's Servants, The, 25, 854
Duke's Winton, 25, 859
Dule Tree of Cassillis, The, 25, 872
Diimichen, Johannes:
Geographie des alten Aegyptens, I,
432
Dumas, Alexandre:
Agenor de Mauleon, 25, 833, 849
Ange Pitou, 25, 840
Ascanio, 25, 829, 836
Black Tulip, The, 25, 876
Chevalier d'Harmental, Le, 25, 839
Chevalier de Maison Rouge, 25,
840
Companions of Jehu, The, 25, 821
Forty-Five, The, 25, 837
La Comtesse de Charny, 25, 840
La Dame de Monsoreau, 25, 837
Marguerite de Valois, 25, 836
Memoirs of a Physician, 25, 840
Monsieur de Chauvelin's Will, 25,
840
940
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Olympe de Cleves, 25, 839
Page of the Duke of Savoy, The,
25, 836, 876
Queen's Necklace, The, 25, 840
Regent's Daughter, The, 25, 839
She-Wolves of Machecoul, The, 25,
,843
Sylvandire, 25, 839
Three Musketeers, The, 25, 837
Twenty Years After, 25, 838, 856
Two Dianas, The, 25, 836
Vicomte de Bragelonne, The, 25,
838
War of Women, The, 25, 838
Whites and the Blues, The, 25, 841
Woman with the Velvet Necklace,
The, 25, 840
Dunbar, Aldis:
Sons o' Cormac, The; an' Tales of
other Men's Sons, 25, 868
Duncker, Max:
Aus der Zeit Friedrich des Gros-
sen und Friedrich Wilhelms III:
Abhandlungen zur preussischen
Geschichte, 18, 456
History of Antiquity, I, 431
History of Greece to End of the
Persian War, 2, 555
Dunham, S. Astley:
History of the Germanic Empire,
18, 455
History of Poland, 15, 390
History of Denmark, Sweden and
Norway, 16, 345
Dunlap, John:
Memoirs of Spain during the
Reigns of Philip IV and Charles
II (1621-1700), 8, 546
Dunning, W. A.:
Essays on the Civil War and Re-
construction, 24, 1 105, 1 1 13
Durand, Sir H. M.:
Helen Trevevyan, 25, 832
Life of Major General Sir Henry
Marion Durand, 5, 397
Duros, Edward:
Otterbourne, 25, 850
Duruy, George:
Histoire de France, 10, 508
Duruy, Victor:
History of France, 9, 496
History of Rome and the Roman
People, 3, 399
Dutch and Quaker Colonies in Amer-
ica, 24, 1 108
Dutch in the Medway, The, 25, 858
Dutch Life in Town and Country,
13, 598
Dutt, R. C:
Economic History of British In-
dia, 1757-1837, 5, 393
History of Civilization in Ancient
India based on Sanskrit Litera-
ture, 5, 393
Dwight, Theodore:
Hartford Convention, The, 24, 1106
Dyer, Henry:
Dai Nippon, a Study in National
Evolution, 7, 332
Dysing, John:
Kongeriget Norge, 16, 345
E
Eager, W. H.:
History of Pennsylvania, 24, 1109
Earle, Alice Morse:
Home Life in Colonial Days, 24,
1 109
Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana,
and Babylonia, 1, 431
Early Age of Greece, The, 2, 557
Early English Chartered Companies,
The, 24, 1 106
Early History of Charles James Fox,
The, 11, 649
Early History of India from 600 B.
C. to the Mohammedan Conquest,
including the Invasion of Alexan-
der the Great, 5, 393
Early Institutional Life of Japan, 7,
332
Early Man in Britain, 11, 646
Early Plantagenets, The, 11, 649
Early Rome, 3, 400
Early Trading Companies of New
France, 24, 1108
Early Travellers in Scotland, 12, 382
Earth and its Inhabitants, The, 5,
399
East and West: a Story of New
Ohio, 25, 895
East Angels, 25, 897
Eastern Question from the Treaty
of Paris, 1856, to the Treaty of
Berlin, 1878, and to the Second
Afghan War, 5, 397
AUTHORS AND TITLES
941
Eben Holden: a Tale of the North
Country, 25, 897
Ebers, Georg:
Barbara Blomberg, 25, 883
Bride of the Nile, The, 25, 821
Burgomaster's Wife, The, 25, 876
Cleopatra, 25, 821
Egyptian Princess, An, 25, 821
Emperor, The, 25, 826
In the Blue Pike, 25, 883
Joshua: a Tale of Biblical Times,
25, 822
Margery: a Tale of Old Nurem-
berg, 25, 883
Per Aspera, 25, 821
Serapis, 25, 821
Sisters, The, 25, 821
Uarda, 25, 821
Ecclesiastical History of New Eng-
land, 24, 1 109
Eccott, W. J.:
Fortune's Castaway, 25, 859
His Indolence of Arras, 25, 838
Echoes from Old Calcutta, 5, 396
Eckstein, Ernst:
Aphrodite, 25, 824
Chaldean Magician, The, 25, 826
Nero, 25, 826
Prusias, 25, 825
Quintus Claudius, 25, 826
Economic and Social History of New
England, 24, 1109
Economic History of British India,
1758-1837, 5, 393
Economic History of Virginia in the
Seventeenth Century, 24, 1109
Eden, Charles Henry:
Afloat with Nelson, 25, 865
At Sea under Drake, 25, 853
West Indies, The, 20, 407
Eden, Nils:
Sweden for Peace; the Programme
of Sweden in the Union Crisis,
16, 346
Edersheim, A.:
History of the Jewish Nation after
the Destruction of Jerusalem un-
der Titus, 1, 439
Edgar, J. G.:
Boy Crusaders, The, 25, 823
Cavaliers and Roundheads, 25, 856
Creqy and Poictiers, 25, 849
How I won my Spurs, 25, 848
Runnymede and Lincoln Fair, 25,
848
Wars of the Roses, The, 25, 850
Edgeworth, Maria:
Castle Rackrent, 25, 869
Edkins, J.:
Revenue and Taxation of the Chi-
nese Empire, 6, 328
Edol the Druid, 25, 845
Education of the Greek People, 2,
558
Educational Conquest of the Far
East, The, 6, 328
Edward the Exile, 25, 846
Edwards, Amelia B.:
Thousand Miles up the Nile, A, 1,
432, 19, 325
Edwards, B. Betham:
Dream Charlotte, The, 25, 841
Lord of the Harvest, The, 25, 867
Romance of Dijon, A, 25, 840
Storm Rent Sky, A, 25, 841
Edwards, Bryan:
History, Civil and Commercial, of
the British Colonies in the West
Indies, 20, 407
Edwards, Edward:
Life of Sir Walter Raleigh, 11,
646, 24, 1 1 10
Edwy the Fair, 25, 846
Egan, Pierce, the Younger:
Robin Hood, or The Merry Men of
Sherwood Forest, 25, 848
Egerton, Hugh Edward:
Origin and Growth of English Co-
lonial Policy, 11, 646, 20, 404
Short History of British Colonial
Policy, 19, 322, 20, 404, 24, 1 106,
1 108
Eggleston, Edward:
Beginners of a Nation, 24, 1108
Graysons, The, 20, 897
Hoosier Schoolmaster, The, 25,
897
Roxy, 25, 895
Eggleston, George Cary:
Bale marked Circle X, 25, 898
Big Brother, The, 25, 896
Master of Warlock, The, 25, 897
Southern Soldier Stories, 25, 898
Eginhard:
Life of Charlemagne, 9, 501
Egypt and the Hinterland, 19, 325
942
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Egypt Exploration Fund :
Atlas of Ancient Egypt, An, I, 432
Publications, I, 432
Egypt in 1898, 19, 324
Egypt in the Neolithic and Archaic
Period, 1, 432
Egyptian Princess, An, 25, 821
Egyptian Wanderers, The, 25, 827
Egypt's Place in Universal History,
I, 432
Eight Days, 25, 832
Eight Months' Campaign against the
Bengal Sepoy Army during the Mu-
tiny of 1857, 5, 396
Eight Months in an Ox-Wagon, 19,
326
Eighteen Years in the Khyber, 1879-
1898, 5, 400
Eine Studie zur alten Geschichte
Westasiens, 1, 436
Einleitung in das alte Testament, 1,
439
Ekkehard, 25, 882
El archipelago Filipino, Coleccion de
Datos Geographicos, Estadisticos,
Cronologicos, y Cientificos, Rela-
tivos al mismo, Entresacados de
Anteriores Obras u Obtenidos con
la Propria Observacion y Estudio
por Algunos Padres de la Mision
de la Companion de Jesus en Estas
Islas, 20, 411
El Ombu, 25, 889
El Poder Civil en Espana, 8, 546
Elberstadt:
Der deutsche Kapital-markt, 18,
456
Eliot, George:
Adam Bede, 25, 864
Daniel Deronda, 25, 824
Felix Holt, the Radical, 25, 867
Romola, 25, 828
Silas Marner; the Weaver of Rave-
loe, 25, 864
Elliot, Frances Minto:
Diary of an Idle Woman in Spain,
8, 550
Old Court Life in Spain, 8, 546
Elliot, Sir Henry Miers:
History of India as told by its own
Historians, the Mohammedan Pe-
riod, 5, 397
Elliott, H. W.:
Our Arctic Province, 24, 11 14
Ellis, A. B.:
Ewe-speaking Peoples of the Slave
Coast of West Africa, 19, 325
History of the Gold Coast, 19, 322
Yoruba-speaking Peoples of the
Slave Coast of West Africa, 19,
325
Ellis, Beth:
Barbara Winslow, Rebel, 25, 859
Ellis, E. S.:
Life and Times of Colonel Daniel
Boone, 24, 1113
Uncrowning a King, 25, 891
Ellis, George Edward:
Puritan Age and Rule in the Col-
ony of Massachusetts Bay, 24,
1 108
Red Man and White Man, 24, 1106
Elmslie, W. A.:
Among the Wild Ngoni, 19, 325
Elphinstone, Mountstuart :
History of India, the Hindoo and
Mohammedan Periods, 5, 397
Elrington, Henry:
In the Days of Prince Hal, 25,
850
Ralph Wynward, 25, 868
Elson, H. W.:
History of the United States, 24,
1 104
Elton, C. I.:
Origin of English History, 11, 646
Elton, Romeo:
Life of Roger Williams, 24, 11 10
Eltzbacher, O.:
Modern Germany, 18, 457
Embree, Charles Fleming:
Dream of a Throne, A, 25, 896
Emerson, P. H.:
Caoba, the Guerilla Chief, 25, 889
Emigration and Immigration: A
Study in Social Science, 20, 399
Emin Pasha:
Letters and Journals, 19, 325
Emin Pasha, his life and work, 19,
325
Emmanuel; or, Children of the Soil,
25, 881
Emmanuel: the Story of the Messiah,
25, 823
AUTHORS AND TITLES
943
Emmett, T. A.:
Ireland under English Rule, 12,
381
Emperor, The, 25, 826
Emperor Charles V, The, 18, 456
Emperor William and his reign, 18,
459
Emperor's Doom, An, 25, 899
Empire of the Hittites, The, 1, 437
Empress Octavia, 25, 826
Encyclopaedia Biblica, I, 439
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 7, 331, 21,
359
End of an Era, 24, 11 14
Enemy to the King, An, 25, 837
Engelhardt, E.:
La Turquie et le Tangirnat, 14,
5H
England, 12, 381
England and Napoleon in 1803, 10,
509
England and Russia Face to Face in
Asia, Travels with the Afghan
Boundary Commission, 5, 401
England of Elizabeth, The, 24, 1106
England in Egypt, 11, 648, 19, 323
England in Ireland, 12, 382
England in the Eighteenth Century,
12, 381
England Under Protector Somerset,
24, 1 106
England Under the Tudors, 24, 1106
England's Elizabeth: Memories of
Matthew Bedale, 25, 853
English Caricature and Satire on Na-
poleon I, 10, 508
English Church During the Reforma-
tion, The, 24, 1 106
English Colonies in America, The,
24, 1 108
English Democratic Ideas of the
Seventeenth Century, 24, 1106
English in America, The, 24, 1108
English in the West Indies, The, 22,
5i8
English-Japanese Etymology, 7, 333
English Seamen under the Tudors,
24, 1 108
Englishman's Haven, 25, 887
Enriquez, R. de Zayas:
Las Estados Unidas Mejicanos,
1877-1897, 22, 516
Ensayo sobre la historia de Bolivia,
21, 359
Ephtaliotis, Argyris:
Tales from the Isles of Greece, 25,
825
Epicurean, The, 25, 821
Episode of the Terror, An, 25, 840
Epistolary Literature of the Assyr-
ians and Babylonians, The, 1, 434
Epocas del Peru, 21, 360
Epochs of Modern History, 9, 497,
10, 507
Erasmus, Sarel: see Blackburn, Doug-
las
Erckmann, E., and Chatrian, A.:
Blockade, The, 25, 842
Campaign in Kabylia, A, 25, 843
Conscript, The, 25, 842
Madame Therese; or, The Volun-
teers of '92, 25, 840
Man of the People, A, 25, 843
Story of a Peasant. The, 25, 840
Story of the Plebiscite, The, 25,
843
Waterloo, 25, 843
Year One, 25, 840
Eric the Archer, 25, 849
Erling the Bold, 25, 880
Erman, Adolf:
Die Aegyptische Religion, 1, 432
Life in Ancient Egypt, 1, 432
Errand Boy of Andrew Jackson, The,
25, 896
Erskine, W.:
History of India under the two
first Sovereigns of the House of
Taimur, 5, 397
Espaha Sagrada, 8, 545
Essais orientaux, 1, 437
Essay on Ancient Inhabitants of Scot-
land, 12, 382
Essays in Colonial Finance, 19, 321,
20, 397
Essays in Colonization, 19, 323, 20,
410
Essays in Constitutional History of
the United States, 24, 11 11
Essays in Historical Criticism, 19,
321, 20, 400
Essays Introductory to the Study of
English Constitutional History, 11,
650
944
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Essays on French History, 9, 496
Essays on Scandinavian Literature,
16, 348
Essays on the Administration of
Great Britain, 1783-1830, II, 647
Essays on the Civil War and Recon-
struction, 24, 1 105, 1 1 13
Essays on the Monetary History of
the United States, 24, 1109
Establishment of Spanish Rule in
America, The, 20, 402, 24, 1107
Esther Pentreath, 25, 867
Esther Vanhomrigh, 25, 861
EtCrnal Quest, The, 25, 886
Ethne, 25, 869
fitudes Critiques sur la die de Golomb
avant ses decouvertes, 21, 358
fitudes iraniennes, 1, 437
Euancondit, 25, 888
Eugene Aram, 25, 863
Eugene, Prince of Savoy:
Memoirs, 18, 457
Europaischer Geschichts Kalendar,
17, 468
Europe and the Far East, 6, 326
Europe in Africa in the Nineteenth
Century, 19, 323
European Background of American
History, 1300-1600, 5, 396
European Concert in the Eastern
Question, The, 14, 514
Eutaw, 25, 893
Evanus, 25, 827
Eve of the French Revolution, The,
9, 498, 10, 588
Every Inch a King, 25, 850
Eveshams, The, 25, 863
Evolution of the Japanese, Social and
Psychic, 7, 333
Evolution of the Ordinance of 1787,
24, mi
Evrie, J. H. van:
Negroes and Negro Slavery, 24,
1112
Ewald, Georg Heinrich August:
Die Altertiimer des Volkes Israel,
I, 439
Geschichte des Volkes Israel, 1, 439
Ewe-speaking Peoples of the Slave
Coast of West Africa, The, 19,
325
Examen de quelques points de l'his-
toire du Bresil, 21, 360
Excavations and Discoveries in As-
syria, 1, 43s
Excursions archiologiques in Grece,
2, 558
Execution of the Due d'Enghien, The,
10, 509
Exiled Scot, An, 25, 874, 885
Exotics and Retrospectives, 7, 332
Expansion of Egypt under the An-
glo-Egyptian Condominium, 19, 324
Expansion of England, 11, 649, 20,
405, 24, 1 1 06
Expansion of Russia, 15, 390
Expansion of the American People,
24, 1112
Expiation, 25, 899
Exploits of Brigadier Gerard, 25, 842
Extraordinary Confessions of Diana
Please, The, 25, 864
Eyes like the Sea, 25, 882
F
Fabiola, 25, 826
Face to Face with Napoleon, 25, 842,
884
Face to Face with the Mexicans, 22,
5i6
Fahlbeck, P.:
Constitution Suedoise et le Parle-
mentarisme Moderne, 16, 346
Fair God, The, 25, 889
Fair Jacobite, A, 25, 861
Fair Maid of Graystones, The, 25,
856
Fair Maid of Perth, The, 25, 871
Fair Rosamond, 25, 847
Fair Saxon, A, 25, 870
Fairfax, 25, 892
Fairless, Michael:
Gathering of Brother Hilarius, The,
25, 849
Falaise of the Blessed Voice, 25, 834
Falkner, J. Meade:
Moonfleet, 25, 863
Falkner, Roland P.:
Finances of British possessions in
South Africa, 20, 397
Fall of Asgard, The, 25, 880
Fall of Constantinople, The, 25, 879
Fall of the Congo Arabs, The, 19,
322
AUTHORS AND TITLES
945
FaJl of the Roman Republic, The, 3,
400
Fallen Fortunes, 25, 860
Fallen Star, A, 25, 884
Fallot, E.:
L'Avenir Colonial de la France, 19,
322
Fang, Wu Ting:
China's Relations with the West,
20, 411
Farina, 25, 882
Farmer, J. E.:
Essays on French History, 9, 496
Farmer, James:
Brinton Eliot: from Yale to
Yorktown, 25, 893
Farmer, Silas:
History of Detroit and Michigan,
24, 1 108
Farnam, C. H.:
Life of Francis Parkman, 24, 1108
Farragut, Loyall:
Life of David Glasgow Farragut,
24, 1 1 14
Farrand, Livingston:
Basis of American History, 1500-
1900, 21, 357, 24, 1 107
Farrar, Frederic William:
Darkness and Dawn, 25, 826
Gathering Clouds, 25, 822, 827
Farrington, Margaret Vere :
Fra Lippo Lippi, 25, 828
Fassett, J. H.:
Colonial Life in New Hampshire,
24, 1 109
Fatal Gift, The, 25, 863
Father Darcy, 25, 854
Favour of Princes, The, 25, 839
Favours from France, 25, 874
Fay, S. B.:
Execution of the Due d'Enghein,
10, 509
Federal Constitution of Switzerland,
The, 13, 599
Federalist, The, 24, 1105
Felicita, 25, 828
Felicitas, 25, 827, 882
Felix Holt, the Radical, 25, 867
Felt, Joseph Barlow:
Customs of New England, 24, 1109
Ecclesiastical History of New
England, 24, 1109
Felton, Cornelius Conway:
Greece, Ancient and Modern, 2, 558
Fenelon, Francois de Salignac de la
Mother
Adventures of Telemachus, The,
25, 824
Fenn, Clive Robert:
For the Old Flag, 25, 832
Fenn, G. Manville:
Black Tor, The, 25, 854
King's Sons, The, 25, 845
Marcus, the Young Centurion, 25,
825
Ned Leger, 25, 862
This Man's Wife, 25, 888
Fergusson, James:
History of Architecture, 1, 432, 5,
397
Ferishta, Mohammed-Kasim:
History of the Rise of the Moham-
medan Power in India, 5, 397
Fernald, James C:
Spaniard in History, The, 8, 547
Fertig, J. W.:
Secession and Reconstruction of
Tennessee, 24, 11 14
Fiddler of Lugau, The, 25, 884
Fidelis, Sister Mary:
In Holiest Troth, 25, 833
Field, Mrs. E. M.:
Ethne, 25, 869
Fiery Dawn, The, 25, 843
Fife and Drum at Louisbourg, 25,
887
Fifth Queen, The, 25, 852
Fifty Years in the Making of Aus-
tralian History, 20, 406
Fifty Years of Concessions to Ire-
land, 12, 382
Fight for Canada, The, 24, 1107
Fight to a Finish, A, 19, 321
Fight with France for North Amer-
ica, The, 20, 408, 24, 1 107
Fighting Veres, The, 13, 598
Filleul, Marianne:
Pendower, 25, 852
Filon, Augustin:
L'Eleve de Garrick, 25, 863
Final French Struggles in India and
the Indian Seas, 5, 399
Financial History of the Confederacy,
24, 1113
946
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Financial History of the Revolution,
24, 1 1 10
Financial History of the United
States (Bolles), 24, 1105
Financial History of the United
States (Dewey), 24, 1105
Financier and the Finances of the
American Revolution, The, 24, 11 11
Finch, Harry T.:
Spain and Morocco, 8, 550
Finding of Wineland the Good, The,
24, 1 108
Findlater, Jane Helen:
Daughter of Strife, A, 25, 874
Green Graves of Balgowrie, The,
25, 875
Findlay, J. T.:
Deal with the King, A, 25, 861
Findlay, George:
History of Greece from the con-
quest by the Romans to the Pres-
ent Time, 2, 557
Finnemore, John:
In the Trenches, 25, 867
Lover Fugitives, The, 25, 859
Red Men of the Dusk, The, 25,
857
Story of a Scout, The, 25, 833,
865
Firebrand, The, 25, 834
First Blows of the Civil War, 24,
1113
First Fleet Family, A, 25, 888
First Napoleon, The, 9, 499, 10, 509
First Nine Books of the Danish His-
tory, 16, 347
First Republic in America, 24, 1109
First Romanovs, The, 15, 389
First Steps in Human Progress, 24,
1 107
Firth, C. H.:
Cromwell and the Rule of the Puri-
tans in England, 11, 646
Fischer and Kounv:
Norway, 16, 348
Fisher, George Park:
Colonial Era, The, 24, 1108, 1109
Fisher, Herbert A. L.:
Studies in Napoleonic Statesman-
ship, 10, 509, 18, 457
Fisher, Sidney George:
Making of Pennsylvania, 24, 1109
Men, Women, and Manners in Co-
lonial Times, 24, 1109
Trial of the Constitution, 24, 11 13
True History of the Revolution,
24, ino
Fisher, W. E. G.:
Transvaal and the Boers, The. A
Short History of the South Af-
rican Republic with a Chapter
on the Orange Free State, 19,
322
Fisherman's Daughter, The, 25, 877
Fiske, Amos Kidder:
History of the Islands of the West
Indian Archipelago, 22, 518
Fiske, John:
American Revolution, The, 24, 11 10
Beginnings of New England, 24,
1 108
Critical Period of American His-
tory, 24, in 1
Discovery of America, 24, 1107
Dutch and Quaker Colonies in
America, 24, 1108
Old Virginia and Her Neighbors,
24, 1 109
Fitchett, W. H.:
Commander of the Hirondelle, The,
25, 864
Fitzner, Rudolf:
Deutsches Kolonial-handbuch, 19,
322, 20, 410
Fitzpatrick, T. P.:
Transvaal from Within, The, 19,
322
Five Great Monarchies of the An-
cient World, The, I, 431
Five Years in the War Department
Following the War with Spain,
1899-1903, as Shown in the Annual
Reports of the Secretary of War,
20, 412
Five Years' Residence at Nepaul,
1841-1845, 5, 400
Flack, H. E.:
Spanish American Diplomatic Re-
lations Preceding the War of
1898, 22, 518
Flame of Fire, A, 25, 833
Flamingo Feather, The, 25, 890
Flandrin, E., and Botta, Paul Emil:
Monuments de Ninive, 1, 434
AUTHORS AND TITLES
947
Flaubert, Gustave:
Sentimental Education, The, 25,
843
Fleming, Walter Lynwood:
Civil War and Reconstruction in
Alabama, 24, 11 14
Fletcher, J. S.:
Anthony Everton, 25, 855
Mistress Spitfire, 25, 855
When Charles the First was King,
25, 855
Fletcher, S.:
History of Poland from the Earli-
est Period, 15, 390
Flick, A. C:
Loyalism in New York, 24, 11 10
Flint, H. M.:
Mexico under Maximilian, 22, 516
Flitcher, C. R. L.:
Gustavus Adolphus and the Strug-
gle of Protestantism for Exist-
ence, 16, 346
Flood, Fell and Forest, 16, 348
Florence, The Maid of, 25, 828
Flotsam, 25, 832
Flower o' the Corn, 25, 839
Flower of France, The, 25, 835
Fliigel, Gustav:
Geschichte der Araber bis auf den
Sturz des Chalifats von Bagdad,
If 438
Foes- of the Red Cockade, 25, 840
Folks Next Door, 22, 516
Follies of Captain Daly, The, 25, 865
Follow the Gleam, 25, 855
Fontes rerum Austriacarum, 17, 466
Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, 17, 466
Fool Errant, The, 25, 829
Fool's Errand, A, 25, 899
Foote, Andrew H., Life of, 24, 11 14
Foote, Henry Samuel:
Texas and the Texans, 24, 11 12
For Crown and Covenant, 25, 873
For Faith and Fatherland, 25, 876
For Faith and Freedom, 25, 859
For Freedom, 25, 830
For God and Gold, 25, 853
For his People; being the True Story
of Sogoro's Sacrifice, 25, 832
For King or Empress, 25, 847
For Liberty's Sake, 25, 860
For Name and Fame, 25, 832
For Sceptre and Crown, 25, 885
For Stark Love and Kindness, 25,
871
For the Freedom of the Sea, 25, 896
For the Old Flag, 25, 832
For the Queen in South Africa, 25,
886
For the Red Rose, 25, 851
For the Religion, 25, 836
For the Right, 25, 882
For the Term of His Natural Life,
25, 888
For the White Christ, 25, 834
For the White Rose, 25, 861
For the White Rose of Arno, 25,
868, 874
Foragers, The, 25, 893
Forbes, Archibald :
Franco-German War, 18, 458
Forbes, Lady Helen:
His Eminence: a Story of the Last
Century, 25, 829
Forbes, James D.:
Norway and its Glaciers, 16, 348
Travels through the Alps, 13, 599
Forbes-Lindsay, S. H.:
India, Past and Present, 5, 395
Forbidden Name, A, 25, 878
Ford, G. S.:
Hanover and Prussia, 10, 509
Ford, John, and Ford, Worthington
C:
Commercial Relations of the Uni-
ted States with the Far East, 20,
411
Ford, Paul Leicester:
Benjamin Franklin, 24, nil
Janice Meredith, 25, 894
Washington, 24, mi
Foreign Commerce of the United
States during the Confederation,
The, 24, mi
Foreign Policy of the United States,
Political and Commercial, The, 20,
411
Foreman, John:
Philippine Islands, 20, 401
Forerunner, The, 25, 828
Forest Cantons of Switzerland, 13,
560
Forest Days, 25, 849
Forest Folk, 25, 865
Forest Lovers, The, 25, 848
Forest Outlaws, 25, 847
948
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Forest Prince, The, 25, 848, 868
Forest Schoolmaster, The, 20, 881
Forester, John:
Chronicles of James I, 8, 547
Forests of the West Indies, The, 22,
5i8
Forge in the Forest, The, 25, 887
Formation of the Union, 24, 11 11
Forrest, G. W.:
Cities of India, 5, 395
Forrest, General N. B., Life of, 24,
1114
Forrest, R. E.:
Eight Days, 25, 832
Sword of Azrael, The, 25, 832
Forrest, Thorpe:
Builders of the Waste, 25, 845
Forster :
Life of Deak, 17, 468
Forster and Daniell:
Life and Letters of Ogier de Bus-
becq, 14, 514
Forster, John:
Arrest of the Five Members, 11,
646
Grand Remonstrance, The, 11, 646
Life of Sir John Eliot, II, 646
Statesmen of the Commonwealth of
England, The, 11, 646
Forster, R. H.:
Arrow of the North, The, 25, 851
In Steel and Leather, 25, 851
Last Foray, The, 25, 852
Strained Allegiance, 25, 861
Forsyth, William:
Life of Marcus Tullius Cicero, 3,
401
Fort Amity, 25, 887
Fortescue, John W.:
Drummer's Coat, The, 25, 865
Fortune of the Rougons, The, 25,
843
Fortune-Hunter, The, 25, 884
Fortune's Castaway, 25, 859
Fortune's My Foe, 25, 833
Fortunes of Claude, The, 25, 874
Fortunes of Farthings, The, 25, 860
Fortunes of Fifi, The, 25, 841
Fortunes of Nigel, The, 25, 854
Forty Years in Zululand, 19, 327
Forty Years of American Life, 24,
1112
Forty-Five, The, 25, 837
Forty-Five, or Rebellion in Scotland
of 1745, The, 12, 383
Foster, A. J., and Cuthell, E. C.J
Robber Baron of Bedford Castle,
The, 25, 848
Foster, H. B.:
Cassius Dio's Roman History, 3,
399
Foster, John Watson:
American Diplomacy in the Orient,
6, 326, 24, 1 105
Century of American Diplomacy,
A, 24, 1 105
Fothergill, Jessie:
Probation, 25, 867
Fotheringhame, Josephine:
Sir Valdemar the Ganger, 25, 871
Foulke, William Dudley:
Life of O. P. Morton, 24, 11 14
Maya: a Story of Yucatan, 25, 889
Foundation of the German Empire,
The, 1817-1871, 18, 457
Foundations of American Foreign
Policy, 20, 411
Foundations of England, The, 11,
648
Founders of Maryland, 24, 1109
Founding of the German Empire,
The, 18, 459
Fountain Sealed, A, 25, 863
Four Books of the Chinese Classics,
The, 6, 327
Four Centuries of Spanish Rule in
Cuba, 22, 517
Four Feathers, The, 25, 885
Four Years of Irish History, 12, 382
Fournier, August:
Napoleon the First, 9, 497, 10, 509
Fowler, W. W.:
City-State of the Greeks and Ro-
mans, The, 3, 400
Julius Caesar and the Foundation
of the Roman Imperial System,
3, 40i
Fox, John, Jr.:
Crittenden, 25, 899
Little Shephered of Kingdom
Come, The, 25, 897
Fox-Bourne, H. R.:
Civilisation in Congoland, 19, 3 2 5
Fra Lippo Lippi, 25, 828
AUTHORS AND TITLES
949
France, 9, 496
France and the Confederate Navy,
24, 1 1 14
France Before the Revolution of
1789, 9, 500, 10, 508
France Under Louis XV, 9, 498
France Under Mazarin, 9, 498
France Under the Regency, 9, 498
Francezka, 25, 839
Francillon, R. E.:
Ropes of Sand, 25, 864
Francis, M. E.:
Lycngate Hall, 25, 864
Yeoman Fleetwood, 25, 866
Francke, Kuno:
History of German Literature, 18,
460
Franco-German War of 1870-1871,
The, 9, 501, 18, 458
Franklin, Benjamin, 24, 1111
Franklin in France, 24, 11 10
Franzos, Karl Emil:
For the Right, 25, 882
Fraser, Mrs. Hugh:
Stolen Emperor, The, 25, 832
Fraser, J. B.:
Historical and Descriptive Account
of Persia, 5, 401
Frazer, R. W.:
British India, 5, 393
Literary History of India, 5, 394
Frederic, Harold:
Copperhead and other Stories, The,
25, 898
Deserter and other Stories, The,
25, 850, 898
In the alley, 25, 894
Marsena; and other Stories, 25,
898
Frederic Uvedale, 25, 830
Frederick the Great:
Works, 18, 457
Free Joe, 25, 897
Free Lance in a Far Land, A, 25,
831
Free Soil, Free Soul, 25, 892
Free to Serve, 25, 892
Freeman, Edward Augustus:
Greater Greece and Greater Brit-
ian, 2, 558
History and Conquests of the Sar-
acens, 14, 513
History of Federal Government in
Greece, 2, 557
History of the Norman Conquest,
11, 646
Ottoman Power in Europe, 14, 513
Sketches of Travel in Greece and
Italy, 2, 558
Freiderich, Karl:
Die La Plata Lander, 21, 359
French, Allen:
Colonials, The, 25, 893
French Colonial Experiment in the
Far East, A, 20, 408
French in America, 1608-1744, The,
20, 408
French in the Allegheny Valley, The,
24, 1 108
French Monarchy, The, 9, 497, 24,
1 106
French Nan, 25, 862
French People, The, 9, 496
French Prisoner, The, 25, 866
French Revolution, The, 9, 496, 497,
498, 10, 507
French Revolution and Religious Re-
form, The, 9, 499
French Revolution and the First Em-
pire, The, 10, 507
French Revolution Tested by Mira-
beau's Career, The, 9, 497
French War and the Revolution,
The, 24, 1110
Fresh Light from the Ancient Monu-
ments, 1, 435
Freytag, Gustav:
Bilder aus der deutschen Vergan-
genheit, 18, 457
Neue Bilder aus dem Leben des
deutschen Volkes, 18, 457
Our Forefathers, 25, 882
Friedenwald, H.:
Declaration of Independence, The,
24, 1110
Friedrich der Grosse als Kronprinz,
18, 457
Friend of Caesar, A, 25, 825
Friend of Nelson, A, 25, 864
Friend Olivia, 25, 857
Friend with the Countersign, A, 25,
897
Friends of Pascal, The, 25, 838
Friends though Divided, 25, 856
950
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Frith, Henry:
Under Bayard's Banner, 25, 835
Froissart, Jean:
Chronicles, 9, 501
From Empire to Republic, 22, 516
From Kingdom to Colony, 25, 893
From Manassas to Appomattox, 24,
1114
From Powder-Monkey to Admiral,
25, 866
From the Front: Stories from the
Seat of War, 25, 886
From the Memoirs of a Minister of
France, 25, 837
Frontenac, 20, 408
Frontiersmen of New York, 24, 1108
Frothingham, A. L.:
Rise of the Republic, 24, 11 10
Frothingham, Octavius B.:
Theodore Parker, 24, 11 13
Frothingham, Richard:
History of the Siege of Boston, 24,
1 1 10
Joseph Warren, 24, 11 n
Froude, James Anthony:
Caesar: a Sketch, 3, 401
England, 12, 381
England in Ireland, 12, 382
English in the West Indies, The,
22, 518
History of England from the Fall
of Wolsey to the Defeat of the
Spanish Armada, II, 646, 24,
1 106
Two Chiefs of Dunboy, 25, 869
Frown of Majesty, The, 25, 838
Fryxell, Anders:
History of Sweden, The, 16, 346
Fuller, F. W.:
Egypt and the Hinterland, 19, 325
Fuller, Hulbert:
Vivian of Virginia, 25, 891
Fullerton, Lady Georgiana:
Stormy Life, A, 25, 851
Furtwangler, Adolph:
Masterpieces of Greek Sculpture,
2, 558
Fustel de Coulanges:
Ancient City, The, 3, 400
Fyffe, Charles Allen:
History of Greece, 2, 556
History of Modern Europe, 10, 507
Gabriel, 25, 823, 887
Gabriel Conway, 25, 897
Gachard, Louis Prosper:
Correspondance de Guillaume
Orange, 13, 597
Correspondance de Margurite d'
Autriche et Philippe II, 13, 597
Gadfly, The, 25, 830
Gaffarel, Paul Louis Jacques:
Les Colonies Francaises, 20, 408
Gage of Red and White, The, 25,
836
Gaines, Charles K.:
Gorgo, 25, 824
Gairdner, James:
Henry the Seventh, 11, 646
Houses of Lancaster and York, 11,
646
Richard III, 11, 646
Galahad of the Creeks, A; and other
Stories, 25, 832
Galdos, B. Perez:
Saragossa, 25, 833
Trafalgar, 25, 865
Galland, W. G.:
Chinese Porcelain, 6, 328
Gallant Grenadier, A, 25, 867
Gallant Quaker, A, 25, 857
Gallenga, Antonio:
Invasion otf Denmark in 1864, The,
16, 346
Gallet, Louis:
Captain Satan, 25, 838
Gallus, 25, 825
Gait, John:
Ringan Gilhaize; or, The Covenan-
ters, 25, 873
Garcia, Francisco Blanco:
Literatura Espanola en el Siglo
XIX, 8, 549
Garcia, Genaro:
Caracter de la conquista Espanola
en America y en Mexico segun
los textos de los historiadores
primitivos, 21, 358
Garcin de Tassy, Joseph Heliodore
Sagesse Vertu:
Les auteurs hindoustainis et leurs
ouvrages, 5, 397
Garden of India, or Chapters on
AUTHORS AND TITLES
951
Oudh History and Affairs, The, 5,
398
Garden of Swords, The, 25, 844
Gardiner :
Casket Letters, 12, 383
Gardiner, Bertha M.:
French Revolution, The, 9, 497, 10,
507
Gardiner, Samuel Rawson:
History of England from 1603 to
1642, 11, 646, 24, 1 106
History of the Commonwealth and
Protectorate, 1649-1656, 11, 646,
24, 1 106
History of the Great Civil War,
1642-1649, 11, 646, 24, 1 106
Thirty Years' War, The, 18, 457
Volumes on English History from
James I to the Restoration, 12,
381
Gardner, Edmund G.:
Desiderio, 25, 828
Gardner, Ernest Arthur:
Ancient Athens, 2, 557
Hand Book of Greek Sculpture, 2,
558
Gardner, Percy:
New Chapters in Greek History, 2,
558
Garibaldi, Giuseppe:
I Mille, 4, 421
Rule of the Monk, The, 25, 830
Garner, James Wilford:
Reconstruction in Mississippi, 24,
1114
Gamier, Russell M.:
His Counterpart, 25, 858
When Spurs were Gold, 25, 850
White Queen, The, 25, 851
Garrau, Robert Randolph, and Quick,
John:
Annotated Constitution of the Aus-
tralian Commonwealth, The, 20,
406
Garrison, William Lloyd:
Life of W. L. Garrison, 24, 1112
Garshin, V. M.:
Stories, 25, 878
Gasiorowski, Waclaw:
Napoleon's Love Story, 25, 842,
879
Gaskell, Mrs.:
Sylvia's Lovers, 25, 865
Gaspe, S. A. de:
Canadians of Old, 25, 886
Gaston de Latour, 25, 836
Gathering Clouds, 25, 822, 827
Gathering of Brother Hilarius, The,
25, 849
Gaudentius, 25, 826
Gaulot, Paul:
Red Shirts, The, 25, 841
Gautier, Theophile:
Captain Fracasse, 25, 837
Un Voyage en Russie, 15, 389
Gay and Bryant:
Popular History of the United
States, 24, 1 103
Gay, Madame Sophie:
Marie de Mancini, 25, 837
Gayarre, Charles Etienne Arthur:
History of Louisiana, 24, mi
Gayley, Charles M.:
Classic Myths, 2, 558
Geiger, W.:
Ostiranische Cultur in Alterthum,
1,438
Geijer, Erik Gustaf, and Carlson, F.
F.:
Geschichte Schwedens, 16, 346
Gendarme of the King, A, 25, 884
General George, 25, 841
General History of Greece to the
Death of Alexander, 2, 556
General History of New England to
1680, 24, 1 108
General History of Rome, A, 4, 420
General History of the Turks, The,
14, 513
Genesis of the United States of
America, 24, 1109
Gentleman Adventurer, A, 25, 860,
889
Gentleman of England, A, 25, 853
Gentleman of France, A, 25, 837
Gentleman Player, A, 25, 854
Geografia de Centro America, 22, 516
Geographical and Statistical Notes on
Mexico, 22, 517
Geographie des alten Aegyptens, 1,
432
Geography of Africa South of the
Zambesi, 19, 325
George, H. B.:
Napoleon's Invasion of Russia, 10,
509
952
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
George III, 24, 1106
Gerald Fitzgerald the Chevalier, 25,
830
Gerlache, fitienne Constantin de:
Histoire du royaume des Pays Bas,
1814-1839, 13, 597
German Element in the War of
American Independence, 24, 11 10
German Political Leaders, 18, 459
German Revolution of 1849, The, 18,
456
German Society at the Close of the
Middle Ages, 18, 459
Germany, 18, 459
Germany and England: Their Rela-
tions in the Great Crises of Euro-
pean History, 1500-1900, 18, 458
Germany and the Germans, 18, 460
Germany, Past and Present, 18, 459
Gerrare, W.:
Great Russia, 15, 389
Geschichte Babyloniens und Assyr-
iens, 1, 434, 435
Geschichte der Araber bis auf den
Sturz des Chalifats von Bagdad, 1,
438
Geschichte der Chalifen, 1, 439
Geschichte der deutschen Kaiserzeit,
18, 457
Geschichte der deutschen Litteratur,
18, 460
Geschichte der Hebraer, 1, 440
Geschichte der Hebraischen Zeit-
alters, I, 440
Geschichte der Hohenstaufen und
ihrer Zeit, 18, 458
Geschichte der islamitischen Volker
von Mohammed bis zur Zeit des
Sultan Selim ubersichtlich darges-
tellt, 1, 439
Geschichte der jiidischen Volkes in
Zeitalter Jesu Christi, 1, 440
Geschichte der Karthage, 1, 436
Geschichte der Konige von Lydien,
I, 437
Geschichte der Neuesten Zeit, 17, 467
Geschichte der Neuzeit Oesterreichs
vom 18. Jahrh. bis auf die Gegen-
wart, 17, 467
Geschichte der Niederlande, 13, 509
Geschichte der Perser und Araber
zur Zeit der Sassaniden, 1, 438
Geschichte der Revolutionszeit von
1 789-1 800, 17, 466
Geschichte der Rhonezier, 1, 436
Geschichte der Stadt Babylon, 1, 435
Geschichte des Abbasidenchalifats in
Aegypten, 1, 439
Geschichte des alten Aegyptens, 1,
433
Geschichte des alten Indiens, 5, 393
Geschichte des Alterthums, 1, 431
Geschichte des deutschen Reiches
vom Ende des vierzehnten Jahr-
hunderts bis zur Reformation, 18,
455
Geschichte des griechischen Plastik,
2, 558
Geschichte des jiidischen Volkes, I,
439
Geschichte des Levantshandels im
Mittelalter, 4, 420
Geschichte des Osmanischen Reichs
in Europa, 14, 513
Geschichte des siebenjahrigen Krieg,
18, 458
Geschichte des Volkes Israel, I,
439, 440, 441
Geschichte Deutschlands seit dem
Tode Friederichs des Grossen bis
zur Griindung des Deutschen
Bunds, 17, 466
Geschichte Irans von Alexander den
Grossen bis zum Untergang der
Arsakiden, I, 438
Geschichte Israels in Eingeldarstel-
lungen, 1, 441
Geschichte Italiens von Griindung
der regierenden Dynastien bis auf
die Gegenwart, 4, 422
Geschichte Maria Theresias, 17, 466
Geschichte Oesterreichs, 17, 465
Geschichte Oesterreichs seit dem
Wiener Frieden, 1809, 17, 467
Geschichte Schwedens, 16, 346
Geschichte Spaniens vom Ausbruch
des franzosischen Revolution bis
auf unsere Tage, 8, 546
Geschichte von Alt-Aegypten, 1, 433
Geschichte von Bohmen, 17, 466
Geschichte von Danemark bis zur
Reformation, mit Inbegriff von
Norwegen und Island, 16, 345
Geschichte von Italien, 4, 419
AUTHORS AND TITLES
953
Geschichte von Spanien, 8, 545
Geschichtlicher Ueberblick der Ad-
ministrativen, rechtlichen und fian-
ziellen Entwicklung der Nieder-
landisch-Oostindischen Compagnie,
5, 398
Geschiedenis van de Nederlandsche
Oost-Indische Bezittingen, 5, 399
Gibbon, Charles:
Braes of Yarrow, The, 25, 872
Gibbon, Edward:
History of the Decline and Fall of
the Roman Empire, 4, 420
Gibbon, Frederick P.:
Disputed V. C, The, 25, 832
Prisoner of the Gurkhas, The, 25,
831
Gibbs, J. R.:
British Honduras, 22, 516
Face to Face with the Mexicans,
22, 516
Gibney, S.:
John o' London, 25, 848
Maid of London Bridge, The, 25,
852
Giesebreckt, Wilhelm von:
Geschichte der deutschen Kaiser-
zeit, 18, 457
Gifford, Evelyne:
Provenzano the Proud, 25, 827
Gilbert, George:
Baton Sinister, The, 25, 858
Island of Sorrow, The, 25, 870
Giles, Herbert A.:
Glossary of Reference on Subjects
connected with the Far East, 6,
328
Gilian the Dreamer, 25, 875
Gilkes, A. H.:
Kallistratus, 25, 825
Gilliat, E.:
Asylum Christi, 25, 838
Dorothy Dymoke, 25, 852
Forest Outlaws, 25, 847
God Save King Alfred, 25, 846
In Lincoln Green, 25, 848
John Standish, 25, 849
King's Reeve, The, 25, 849
Wolf's Head, 25, 848
Gilman, Arthur, and Lane-Poole, S.:
Story of the Moors in Spain, 8,
547
Gilman, Daniel Coit:
Life of Monroe, 24, 1112
Gindely, Anton:
History of the Thirty Years' War,
18, 457
Girl at the Halfway House, 25, 899
Girl of the Multitude, A, 25, 840
Girlhood of Catherine de' Medici,
The, 25, 828
Girondists, The, 9, 497
Gissing, George:
Veranilda, 25, 827
Gladiators, The, 25, 823, 826
Gladstone, William E.:
Bulgarian Horrors and the Ques-
tion of the Orient, 14, 514
Studies in Homer and the Homeric
Age, 2, 558
Glanville, Ernest:
Max Thornton, 25, 886
Glaser, Eduard:
Skizze der Geschichte und Geog-
raphic Arabiens von den altesten
Zeiten bis zum Propheten Mu-
hammad, 1, 438
Glasgow, Ellen:
Battle Ground, The, 25, 898
Voice of the People, The, 25, 899
Glastonbury, 25, 846
Gleaming Dawn, The, 25, 881
Gleanings in Buddha-fields, 7, 332
Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan, 7, 332
Glories of Spain, 8, 550
Glory of the House of Israel, The,
25, 822
Glossary of Indian Terms relating to
Religion, Customs, Government,
Land and Other Terms and Words
in Common Use, 5, 394
Glossary of Judicial and Revenue
Terms and of Useful Words occur-
ring in Official Documents relating
to the Administration of the Gov-
ernment of British India, 5, 394
Glossary of Reference on Subjects
Connected with the Far East, A, 6,
328
Glovatski, A.:
Pharaoh and the Priest, The, 25,
821
Goblet d'Alviella, Albert Joseph:
Ce que l'lnde doit a la Grece, 5, 397
954
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
God Save England!, 25, 849
God Save King Alfred, 25, 846
God Save the King, 25, 857
God Seeker, The, 25, 881
God, the King, my Brother, 25, 833,
849
God's Providence House, 25, 863
Godwin, Parke:
History of France, 9, 497
Godwin, William:
St. Leon, 25, 833
Gogol, Nikolai Vasilievitch:
Taras Bulba, 25, 877
Golden Arrow, The, 25, 886
Golden Book of Venice, The, 25,
829
Golden Dog, The, 25, 887
Golden Fleece, The, 25, 838, 879
Golden Galleon, The, 25, 854
Golden Kingdom, The, 25, 885
Goldsmith, Henry:
Euancondit, 25, 888
Goll, H.:
Kulturbilder aus Hellas und Rome,
2, 558
Gonzales, D.:
Geografia de Centro America, 22,
5i6
Gooch, G. P.:
English Democratic Ideas of the
Seventeenth Century, 24, 1106
Good Souls of Cider Land, 25, 869
Goodell, W.:
Slavery and Anti-Slavery, 24, 11 12
Goodloe, Carter:
Calvert of Strathore, 25, 840
Goodwin, J. A.:
Pilgrim Republic, The, 24, 1108
Goodwin, Maud Wilder:
Head of a Hundred, The, 25, 890
Sir Christopher, 25, 890
White Aprons, 25, 891
Gordon:
History of Ireland, 12, 381
History of the Rebellion of 1798,
12, 382
Gordon, W. J.:
Englishman's Haven, 25, 887
Gordon, William:
Rise, Progress, and Establishment
of the Independence of the United
States of America, 24, 11 10
Gordy, J. P.:
History of Political Parties, 24,
1 106
Gorgo, 25, 824
Gorham, George C:
Life of E. M. Stanton, 24, 11 14
Gorst, Harold Edward:
China, 6, 328
Gosch, Charles A.:
Denmark and Germany since 1815,
16, 346
Goss, E. H.:
Life of Colonel Paul Revere, 24,
mi
Gosse, Edmund:
Secret of Narcisse, The, 25, 837
Gottesdienst von Israel, 1, 440
Gould, S. Baring:
Cheap-Jack Zita, 25, 866
Domitia, 25, 826
Germany, Past and Present, 18, 459
Grettir the Outlaw, 25, 880
Guavas, the Tinner, 25, 853
Iceland, Its Scenes and Sagas, 16,
347
In Dewisland, 25, 868
In Exitu Israel, 25, 840
Kitty Alone; a story of Three Fires,
25, 866
Noemi: a Story of Rock-Dwellers,
25, 835
Pabo, the Priest, 25, 847, 868
Perpetua, 25, 834
Red Spider, 25, 867
Royal Georgie, 25, 866
Urith, 25, 859
Government of Dependencies, The,
20, 411
Government of India, 5, 394
Government of M. Thiers, from the
8th of February, 1871, to the 24th
of May, 1873, The, 9, 502
Government of Tropical Colonies,
The, 20, 411
Governments and Parties in Co.iti-
nental Europe, 9, 498
Gowrie, 25, 872
Gracchi, Marius and Sulla, The, 3,
401
Grace O'Malley, 25, 868
Grady, Henry Woodfin:
New South, The, 24, n 13
AUTHORS AND TITLES
955
Graeme, Alastor:
Romance of the Lady Arbell, 25,
854
Graetz, Heinrich:
History of the Jews, 1, 440
Graham, John W.:
Neaera, 25, 825
Graham, R. B. Cunningham:
Vanished Arcadia, A, 30, 401, 21,
358
Graham, Winifred:
Zionists, The, 25, 824
Grand Remonstrance, The, 11, 646
Grande Encyclopedic, 21, 359
Grandissimes, The, 25, 895
Grant, A. J.:
French Monarchy, The, 9, 497, 24,
1 106
Grant, Charles:
Stories of Naples and the Camorra,
25, 830
Grant, J. Gregor:
Rufus: or, The Red King, 25, 847
Grant, James:
Adventures of an Aide-de-Camp,
The, 25, 829, 865
Adventures of Rob Roy, 25, 861,
873
Arthur Blane; or, The Hundred
Cuirassiers, 25, 837
Bothwell; or, The Days of Queen
Mary, 25, 872
Captain of the Guard, The, 25, 871
Duke of Albany's Highlanders,
The, 25, 832
Harry Ogilvie; or, The Black Dra-
goons, 25, 872
Jane Seton, 25, 872
Lady Wedderburn's Wish, 25, 867
Laura Everingham, 25, 867
Lord Hermitage, 25, 867
Lucy Arden, 25, 861, 873
Mary of Lorraine, 25, 872
Oliver Ellis; or, The Fusiliers, 25,
864
One of the Six Hundred, 25, 867
Philip Rollo, 25, 883
Romance of War, The, 25, 865
Scottish Cavalier, The, 25, 873
Second to None, 25, 863
Under the Red Dragon, 25, 867
Yellow Frigate, The, 25, 871
Grant, Ulysses S.:
Memoirs, 24, 11 14
Grant, Ulysses, 24, 11 14
Grantley Fenton, 25, 843, 866
Gras, Felix:
Reds of the Midi, The, 25, 840
Terror, The, 25, 840
White Terror, The, 25, 840
Graysons, The, 25, 897
Great African Island, The, 19, 327
Great African Travellers, from Mun-
go Park to Stanley, 19, 323
Great Britain Board of Trade:
Statistical Abstract for the Several
Colonial and other Possessions of
the United Kingdom, 20, 404
Great Company (The Hudson Bay
Company), The, 20, 407, 24, 1107,
1 108
Great Conspiracy, The, 24, n 14
Great French Writers, The, 9, 499
Great India Epics, the Stories of the
Ramayana and the Mahabharata, 5,
399
Great Proconsul, The, 25, 831
Great Shadow, The, 25, 843, 866
Great Treason, A, 25, 894
Greater Greece and Greater Britain,
3, 558
Greater Russia, 15, 389
Greece, Ancient and Modern, 2, 558
Greece from the Earliest Times to
the Present, 2, 556
Greece in the Nineteenth Century, 2,
557
Greece: Pictorial, Descriptive and
Historical, 2, 559
Greece: Present Condition and Re-
cent Progress, 2, 557
Greece under King George, 2, 556
Greek Life and Thought, 2, 558
Greek Studies, 2, 558
Greek World Under Roman Sway,
The, 2, 557
Greeks and the Persians, The, 2, 556
Greeley, Horace:
American Conflict, The, 24, 11 12,
1113
Green Book, The, 25, 878
Green, Evelyn Everett:
After Worcester, 25, 857
Cambria's Chieftain, 25, 850, 868
956
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Castle of the White Flag, The, 35,
844
Clerk of Oxford, A, 25, 848
Dominique's Vengeance, 25, 837
Fallen Fortunes, 25, 860
Heir of Hascombe Hall, The, 25,
851
Hero of the Highlands, A, 25, 874
In Fair Granada, 25, 833
In Taunton Town, 25, 859
In the Days of Chivalry, 25, 849
In the Wars of the Roses, 25, 850
Lord of Dyneover, The, 25, 849
Lost Treasure of Trevlyn, The, 25,
854
My Lady Joanna, 25, 849
Shut In, 25, 876
Tom Tufton's Toll, 25, 860
Tom Tufton's Travels, 25, 860
White Wyvill and Red Ruthven,
25, 851
Young Pioneers, The, 25, 891
Green Graves of Balgowrie, The, 25,
875
Green, H.:
Scotch-Irish in America, 24, 1106
Green, J. M.:
Spanish Conspiracy, The, 24, nil
Green, John Richard:
Conquest of Britain, 11, 647
History of the English People, II,
645
Making of England, 11, 647
Green, Kate Norgate:
Henry II, 11, 647
Green Mountain Boys, The, 25, 893
Greene, E. B.:
Provincial Governor, The, 24, 1108
Greene, Francis Vinton:
General Nathanael Greene, 24, nil
Russian Army and its campaigns
in Turkey, The, 14, 514
Greene, General Nathanael, 24, nil
Greene, George Washington:
General Nathanael Greene, 24, 1111
German Element in the War of
American Independence, 24, 11 10
Historical View of the Revolution,
24, 1 1 10
Greenhow, H. M.:
Brenda's Experiment, 25, 832
Greenidge, A. H. J.:
History of Rome during the later
Republic and Early Principate to
Vespasian, 3, 400
Roman Public Life, 3, 402
Greswell, William Henry Parr:
Geography of Africa south of the
Zambesi, 19, 325
Grettir the Outlaw, 25, 880
Greville, Charles Cavendish Fulke:
Memoirs, 11, 647
Grey Cloak, The, 25, 838
Grey, Cyril:
For Crown and Covenant, 25, 873
Grey Man, The, 25, 872
Gribble, Francis:
Romance of the Tuileries, A, 25,
843
Lake Geneva and its Literary Land-
marks, 13, 599
Griechische Geschichte, 2, 555
Griechische Geschichte bis zur
Schlacht bei Chaeroneia, 2, 555
Grier, Sidney C.:
Advanced Guard, The, 25, 831
Great Proconsul, The, 25, 831
In Furthest Ind., 25, 831
Like Another Helen, 25, 831
Warden of the Marches, The, 25,
831
Griffin, A. P. C.:
List of Books with reference to
Periodicals Relating to the
Theory of Colonization, Govern-
ment of Dependencies, 19, 322
Griffin, Gerald:
Duke of Monmouth, 25, 859
Invasion, The, 25, 868
Griffis, William Elliot:
Brave Little Holland, 13, 598
Life of M. C. Perry, 7, 332
Life of Townsend Harris, 7, 332
Mikado's Empire, 7, 331
Pilgrims in Their Three Homes,
England, Holland and America,
24, 1 108
Griffith, George:
Virgin of the Sun, The, 25, 889
Griffiths, Arthur:
Before the British Raj, 25, 831
Royal Rascal, A, 25, 866
Thin Red Line, The, 25, 867
Grinnell, George Bird:
Story of the Indian, 24, 1107
Grisly Grisell, 25, 850
AUTHORS AND TITLES
957
Grober:
Grundriss des romanischen Phi-
lologie, 8, 549
Grossi, T.:
Marco Visconti, 25, 828
Grosvenor, Edwin A.:
Constantinople, 14, 515
Grote, George:
History of Greece, 2, 555
Groves, J. Percy:
Duke's Own, The, 25, 831
War of the Axe, The, 25, 885
Growth and Influence of Classical
Greek Poetry, The, 2, 558
Growth of British Policy, 11, 649
Growth of English Industry and
Commerce, during the Early and
Middle Ages, The, 11, 646, 20, 404
Growth of the American Nation, The,
24, 1 1 10
Growth of the Constitution, 24, 1106
Growth of the French Nation, The,
9, 496
Grundriss der indo-arischen philologie
und altertums-kunde, 5, 396
Grundriss der Oesterreichischen Ge-
schichte, 17, 465
Grundriss des romanischen Philologie,
8, 549
Guatemala, the Land of the Quetzal,
23, 515
Guavas, the Tinner, 25, 853
Guerazzi, F. D.:
Beatrice Cenci, 25, 829
Isabella Orsini, 25, 828
La Battaglia di Benevento, 25, 829
Guerber, Helene Adeline:
Myths of Greece and Rome, 2, 558
Guerra do Paraguay, 21, 360
Guerre de la Prusse et de l'ltalie con-
tre l'Autriche et la Confederation
Germanique en 1866, 18, 457
Guert Ten Eyck, 25, 894
Guide to American History, 24, 1103
Guide to the Archives of the United
States, 24, 1 103
Guillemard, F. H. H.:
Life of Ferdinand Magellan and the
First Circumnavigation of the
Globe, 24, 1 107
Guinness, L. E.:
Across India at the Dawn of the
Twentieth Century, 5, 395
Guiterrez:
La Constituciones politicas que ha
tenido la republica Boliviana 1826-
1868, 21, 359
Guizot, Francois Pierre Gillaume:
Popular History of France, 9, 496
Gulicks, S. L.:
Evolution of the Japanese, Social
and Psychic, 7, 333
Gull, C. Ranger:
Serf, The, 25, 847
Gun Runner, The, 25, 885
Gustav Adolph, 18, 456
Gustavus III and his Contemporaries,
16, 345
Gustavus Adolphus, 16, 345
Gustavus Adolphus and the Struggle
of Protestantism for Existence, 16,
346
Gustavus Adolphus and the Thirty
Years' War, 16, 345
Gustavus Adolphus in Germany, 16,
347
Gustavus Vasa and his Stirring Times,
16, 345
Guthe, Hermann:
Geschichte des Volkes Israel, 1,
440
Gutschmid, Alfred von:
Geschichte Irans von Alexander
den Grossen bis zum untergang
der arsakiden, 1, 438
Kleine Schriften. 1, 436
Phoenicia, in the Encyclopaedia
Britannica, x, 436
Guy Fawkes, 25, 854
Gwynett of Thornhaugh, 25, 839, 861
Gwynn, Stephen:
John Maxwell's Marriage, 25, 870
H
Haandbog i Faedrelaudets Historie,
16, 345
Hadley, J.:
Introduction to Roman Law, 3, 402
Haetler, Konrad:
Colonial Kingdom of Spain; The
War of Independence in the
South, 20, 402
Hagan, M. P., 25, 870
Haggard, H. Rider:
Brethren, The, 25, 823
958
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Lysbeth, 25, 876
Montezuma's Daughter, 25, 889
Pearl Maiden, 25, 823
Swallow, 25, 885
Haggard H. R., and Lang, A.:
World's Desire, The, 25, 824
Haidar AH and Tipu Sultan, and the
Struggle with the Mussulman Pow-
ers of the South, 5, 396
Halde, Jean Baptiste du:
Description Geographique, etc.. de
la Chine, 6, 328
Hale, Edward Everett
East and West: a Story of New
Ohio, 25, 895
Franklin in France, 24, 11 10
In His Name, 25, 834
Philip Nolan's Friends, 25, 895
Seven Spanish Cities, 8, 550
Story of Mexico, 22, 516
Hale, Edward Everett, and Hale,
Susan:
Spain, 8, 545
Hales, A. G.:
Driscoll, King of Scouts, 25, 886
Half Century of Conflict, A, 20, 408,
24, 1 104
Haliburton, Thomas Chandler:
Old Judge, The, 25, 887
Halil the Pedlar, 25, 879
Hall, Basil H.:
History of Eastern Vermont to
the close of the Eighteenth Cen-
tury, 24, i 108
Hall, H. F.:
Napoleon's Letters to Josephine,
10, 508
Hall, H. R.:
Oldest Civilization of Greece, The,
2, 558
Hall, Henry:
Ethan Allen, 24, mi
Hall, Hubert:
Court Life under the Plantagenet
Kings, 25, 847
Hall, Marie:
Andrew Marvel and his Friends,
25, 855
Hall, Moreton:
General George, 25, 841
Hall, Ruth:
Golden Arrow, The, 25, 886
Hallam, Henry Fitzmaurice:
Constitutional History of England.
11, 647, 12, 381, 24, 1 106
Hallo well, R. P.:
Quaker Invasion of Massachusetts,
24, 1 109
Hamel, Ernest:
Histoire de Robespierre, 10, 508
Hamilton, Alexander:
New Account of the East Indies, 5,
397
Hamilton, Alexander, 24, 11 11
Hamilton, Alexander; Jay, John; and
Madison, James:
Federalist, The, 24, 1105
Hamilton, Bernard:
Coronation, 25, 850
Hamilton, Lord Ernest William:
Mary Hamilton, 25, 872
Mawkin of the Flow, The, 25, 871
Outlaws of the Marches, The, 25,
872
Hamilton, Eugene Lee:
Lord of the Dark Red Star, The,
25, 827
Hamilton, John Arthur:
MS. in the Red Box, The, 25, 854
Hamilton, John C:
Alexander Hamilton, 24, mi
Hamilton, Lillias:
Vizier's Daughter, A: A Tale of
the Hazara War, 25, 832
Hamm, M. A.:
Porto Rico and the West Indies,
22, 518
Hammer, The, 25, 822
Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph, Baron
von:
Histoire de l'Empire Ottoman, 14,
513
Hancock, General, 24, 11 14
Hancock, Albert Elmer:
Henry Bourland, 25, 899
Hancock, Sardius:
Tonford Manor: a Pre-Reforma-
tion Story, 25, 851
Hand Atlas of India, 5, 395
Hand of Leonore, The, 25, 839
Handbok e Sveriges Geograph, 16,
348
Hand-book for Travelers in Japan,
7, 331
AUTHORS AND TITLES
959
Hand-book of Colloquial Japanese, 7,
333
Handbook of English Political His-
tory, 11, 645
Hand Book of Greek Sculpture, 2,
558
Handbook of Jamaica, The, 22, 518
Hand-book of Modern Japan, A, 7,
33i
Handbuch der spanischen Litteratur,
8, 549
Handel, Recht, und Sitte im alten
Babylonien, 1, 434
Hannibal, 3, 401
Hannibal and the Great War be-
tween Rome and Carthage, 3, 401
Hanotaux, Gabriel:
Contemporary France, 9, 497
Hanover and Prussia, 1795-1803, 10,
509
Hansa Towns, The, 18, 459
Harcourt, A. F. P.:
Jenetha's Venture, 25, 832
Peril of the Sword, The, 25, 832
Hardy, Arthur Sherburne:
Passe Rose, 25, 834, 882
Hardy, Thomas:
Trumpet-Major, The, 25, 864
Hare, Augustus John Cuthbert:
Sketches in Holland and Scandina-
via, 13, 598
Wanderings in Spain, 8, 550
Hare, Christopher:
Felicita, 25, 828
Hare, Julius Charles:
History of Rome, 3, 399
Harold, 25, 846
Harold the Norseman, 25, 880
Harper, Carrie A., and Dix, Marie
Beulah:
Beau's Comedy, The, 25, 895
Harper, Robert Francis:
Assyrian and Babylonian Litera-
ture, 1, 434
Code of Hammurabi, King of Baby-
lon, about 2250 B. C, 1, 434
Harris, Joel Chandler:
Free Joe, 25, 897
Little Union Scout, A, 25, 899
On the Wing of Occasions, 25, 898
Harrison, F. B.:
Brothers in Arms, 25, 847
Harrison, Frederick:
William the Silent, 13, 598
Harrison, James Albert:
Story of Greece, 2, 556
Harrisse, H.:
Christopher Columbus, 24, 1107
Harrop, R.:
Bolingbroke, II, 647
Harry, Blind:
Wallace, 12, 383
Harry Ogilvie; or, The Black Dra-
goons, 25, 872
Hart and Channing:
Guide to American History, 24,
1 103
Hart, Albert Bushnell:
American History Told by Contem-
poraries, 24, 1 104
American Nation, The, 24, 1103
Formation of the Union, 24, 1111
Foundations of American Foreign
Policy, 20, 411
Life of S. P. Chase, 24, 11 14
Hart, Sir Robert:
These from the Land of Sinim, 6,
326
Harte, Bret:
Clarence, 25, 899
Gabriel Conway, 25, 897
Hartford Convention, The, 24, 1106
Hartland Forest, 25, 861
Hartley, May:
Hagan, M. P., 25, 870
Harvard, H.:
In the Heart of Holland, 13, 598
Haskins, C. D.:
For the Queen in South Africa, 25,
886
Hassall, Arthur Hill:
Essays Introductory to the Study
of English Constitutional His-
tory, 11, 650
French People, The, 9, 496
Louis XIV, 9, 497
Hastings, James:
Dictionary of the Bible, 1, 440
Hastings the Pirate, 25, 846
Hatch, L. C:
Administration of the American
Revolutionary Army, 24, mo
Hatton, Joseph:
By Order of the Czar, 25, 878
960
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Dagger and the Cross, The, 25,
858
Under the Great Seal, 25, 888
Hauff, Wilhelm:
Marie of Lichtenstein, 25, 883
Haunt of Ancient Peace, A, 25, 856
Haurvatat et Ameretot, essai sur la
mythologie de l'Avesta, 1, 437
Hausrath, Prof.:
Jetta, 25, 882
Klytia, 25, 883
Hausser, Ludwig:
Geschichte Deutschlands seit dem
Tode Friedrichs des Grossen bis
zur Griindlung des deutschen
Bundes, 17, 467, 18, 457
Havelock, the Dane, 25, 845
Haverfield, E. L.:
Stanhope, 25, 855
Haviland's Chum, 25, 885
Hawkins, John, 24, 11 10
Hawks, Francis Lister:
History of North Carolina, 24,
1 109
Hawley, Sir Edward:
War in the Crimea, The, 14, 514
Hawthorne, Nathaniel:
Mosses from an Old Manse, 25,
892,
Scarlet Letter, The, 25, 891
Tanglewood Tales, 25, 824
Twicetold Tales, 25, 892
Wonder Book, 25, 824
Hawtrey, Valentina:
Perronelle, 25, 835
Hay, John:
Castilian Days, 8, 550
Life of Lincoln, 24, 11 12, 11 14
Hayashi, Viscount:
For his People: being the True
Story of Sogoro's Sacrifice, 25,
832
Hayens, Herbert:
At the Point of the Sword, 25, 889
Emperor's Doom, An, 25, 899
Hayes, F. W.:
Gwynett of Thornhaugh, 25, 839,
861
Kent Squire, A, 25, 839, 861
Shadow of a Throne, The, 25, 841
Hayti, 22, 518
Hazen, C. D.:
Contemporary American Opinion of
the French Revolution, 9, 497
Hazzledine, G. D.:
White Man in Nigeria, The, 19,
325
Head of a Hundred, The, 25, 890
Headlam, J. W.:
Foundation of the German Empire,
1817-1871, The, 18, 457
Headland, Isaac Taylor:
Chinese Boy and Girl, The, 6, 327
Chinese Heroes, 6, 326
Chinese Mother Goose Rhymes, 6,
327
Second War with England, 24,
1112
Hearn, Lafcadio:
Exotics and Retrospectives, 7, 332
Gleanings in Buddha-fields, 7, 332
Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan, 7,
332
In Ghostly Japan, 7, 332
Japan: An Interpretation, 7, 332
Japanese Miscellany, A, 7, 332
Kokoro: Hints and Echoes of Jap-
anese Inner Life, 7, 332
Kwaidan, 7, 332
Out of the East, 7, 332
Romance of Milky Way, 7, 332
Shadowings, 7, 332
Youma, 25, 889
Heart of Africa, The, 19, 326
Heart of Midlothian, The, 25, 874
Heart's Highway, The, 25, 891
Heart's Key, The, 25, 834
Hearts of Wales, 25, 868
Hebbard, S. S.:
Wisconsin Under French Domin-
ion, 24, 1 108
Hebraische Archaologie, I, 439
Heckewelder, John:
History of the Indian Nations Who
Once Inhabited Pennsylvania and
the Neighboring States, 24, 1107
Heeren, Arnold Hermann Ludwig:
Historical Researches into the Pol-
itics, Intercourse, and Trade of
the Carthaginians, Ethiopians,
and Egyptians, I, 431
Heidelberg, 25, 883
AUTHORS AND TITLES
961
Heidenstam, O. G. von:
Swedish Life in Town and Coun-
try, 1 6, 348
Heidenstam, Verner von:
King and His Campaigners, A, 25,
880
Heimskringla: or, The Sagas of the
Norse Kings, 16, 346, 349
Heinrich, L.:
Geschichte von Italien, 4, 419
Heir, J. C:
Die Schweiz, 13, 599
Heir of Hascombe Hall, The, 25,
851
Heiress of the Forest, The, 25, 838
Held Fast for England, 25, 863
Helen Adair, 25, 888
Helen Treveryan, 25, 832
Helen's Pilgrimage to Jerusalem, 25,
822
Helme, Elizabeth:
St. Clair of the Isles, 25, 871
Helmet of Navarre, The, 25, 837
Helmott, Hans Ferdinand:
History of the World: a Survey of
Man's Record, 21, 357
Helper, Hinton Rowman:
Impending Crisis, The, 24, 1112
Lord of Gold, 24, 11 12
Helps, Sir Arthur:
Ivan de Biron, 25, 878
Realmah, 25, 877
Spanish Conquest in America, The,
20, 402, 24, 1 107
Spanish Conquest in Mexico, 22,
5i6
Henderson:
Casket Letters, 12, 383
Henderson, E. F.:
History of Germany in the Mid-
dle Ages, 18, 457
Short History of Germany, 18, 455
Henderson, G. F. R.:
Stonewall Jackson and the Amer-
ican Civil War, 24, 11 14
Henham, Ernest George:
Menotah, 25, 888
Plowshare and the Sword, The: a
Tale of Empire, 25, 886
Henne, Alexander:
Histoire du regne de Charles V en
Belgique, 13, 598
Henry, Patrick, 24, nil, 11 13
Henry, W. W.:
Patrick Henry, 24, nil, 1113
Henry Bourland, 25, 899
Henry VIII and his Court: or, Cath-
erine Parr, 25, 852
Henry Esmond, 25, 860
Henry Masterton, 25, 856
Henry of Guise; or, The States of
Blois, 25, 837
Henry of Navarre, 9, 500
Henry St. John, 25, 893
Henry the Seventh, 11, 646
Henry II, 11, 647
Henslowe, J. R.:
Duke's Winton: a Chronicle of
Sedgemoor, 25, 859
Hensman, H.:
Afghan War of 1879-1880, 5, 397
History of Rhodesia, 19, 322
Henty, George Alfred:
At Aboukir and Acre, 25, 864
At Agincourt, 25, 850
At the Point of the Bayonet, 25,
831
Beric, the Briton, 25, 844
Bonnie Prince Charlie, 25, 874
Both Sides the Border, 25, 850
Bravest of the Brave, The; or,
With Peterborough in Spain, 25,
833, 860
By Conduct and Courage, 25, 865
By England's Aid, 25, 854, 876
By Pike and Dyke, 25, 876
By Right of Conquest, 25, 889
By Sheer Pluck, 25, 885
Cornet of Horse, The, 25, 860
Dragon and the Raven, The, 25,
846
For Name and Fame, 25, 832
Friends Though Divided, 25, 856
Held Fast for England, 25, 863
In Freedom's Cause, 25, 871
In Greek Waters, 25, 825
In the Irish Brigade, 25, 861
In the Reign of Terror, 25, 841
In Times of Peril, 25, 832
Jack Archer, 25, 867
Jacobite Exile, A, 25, 880
Knight of the White Cross, A, 25,
825, 879
Lion of St. Mark, The, 25, 828,
883
Maori and Settler, 25, 888
962
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
March on London, A, 25, 850
No Surrender, 25, 840
On the Irrawaddy, 25, 831
One of the 28th, 25, 866
Orange and Green, 25, 869
Out with Garibaldi, 25, 830
Roving Commission, A, 25, 889
St. Bartholomew's Eve, 25, 836
St. George for England, 25, 849
Through Russian Snows, 25, 878
Through the Fray, 25, 865
Through the Sikh War, 25, 831
Through Three Campaigns, 25, 832
Tiger of Mysore, The, 25, 831
To Herat and Cabul, 25, 831
True to the Old Flag, 25, 893
Under Drake's Flag, 25, 853
Under Wellington's Command, 25,
865
When London Burned, 25, 858
Winning His Spurs, 25, 823
With Clive in India, 25, 831
With Cochrane the Dauntless, 25,
866
With Frederick the Great, 25, 884
With Kitchener in the Soudan, 25,
885
With Lee in Virginia, 25, 898
With Moore at Corunna, 25, 865
With the Allies to Pekin, 25, 867
With the British Legion, 25, 834
With Wolfe in Canada, 25, 887
Woman of the Commune, A, 25,
844
Won by the Sword, 25, 884
Wulf the Saxon, 25, 846
Young Buglers, The, 25, 865
Young Colonists, The, 25, 885
Young Franc-Tireurs, The, 25, 844
Herald of the West, A, 25, 895
Herbert, Hilary Abner:
Why the Solid South, 24, 1113
Herbert, W. H.:
Wages of Battle, The, 25, 846
Herbert, W. V.:
Defense of Plevna, 14, 514
Herculano, Alexandria:
Historia de Portugal, 8, 545
Herder, Johann Gottfried von:
Outlines of the Philosophy of the
History of Man, 1, 431
Hereward the Wake, 25, 846
Heritage, The, 25, 894
Heritage of Longdale, The, 25, 861
Heritage of the Free, The: or, More
than Conquerors, 25, 875
Heritage of Unrest, The, 25, 899
Herman, Henry, and Murray, David
Christie :
One Traveller Returns, 25, 844
Hermann, Binger:
Louisiana Purchase and Our Title
West of the Rocky Mountains,
The, 24, 1 1 12
Hermann Agha: an Eastern Narra-
tive, 25, 822
Hero King, A, 25, 846
Hero of Lucknow, A, 25, 832
Heroes, The, 25, 824
Heroes of Chivalry and Romance,
25, 844
Heroes of the Nations, 20, 400
Heroic Japan, 7, 332
Heroine of the Strait: a Romance of
Detroit in the Time of Pontiac,
The, 25, 892
Hertslet, Sir E.:
Map of Africa by Treaty, The, 19,
322
Hervey, Maurice H.:
Eric, the Archer, 25, 849
Herstfeld, L.:
Geschichte des Volkes Israel, I,
440
Jewish Encyclopaedia, The, 1, 440
Hesekiel, J. G. L.:
Two Queens, 25, 840, 881
Hessians in the Revolution, The, 24,
1110
Hetty Wesley, 25, 862
Hewlett, Maurice:
Brazenhead the Great, 25, 850
Buondelmonte's Saga, 25, 829
Fool Errant, The, 25, 829
Forest Lovers, The, 25, 848
Heart's Key, The, 25, 834
Life and Death of Richard Yea-
and-Nay, The, 25, 847
Little Novels of Italy, 25, 828
Love Chase, The, 25, 828
New Canterbury Tales, 25, 849
Queen's Quair, The, 25, 872
Richard Yea and Nay, 25, 834
Heyd, W. von:
Geschichte des Levantshandels im
Mittelbalther (Histoire du com-
AUTHORS AND TITLES
963
merce du Levant au moyen age),
4, 420, 5, 397
Higgins, J.:
Spanish Life in Town and Coun-
try, 8, 550
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth:
Larger History of the United
States, 24, 1 103
Hildreth, Richard:
History of the United States, 24,
1 104
Japan as it was and is, 7, 332
Hildreth, Samuel Prescott:
Pioneer History, 24, 11 12
Hill, Robert T.:
Commercial Relations of the United
States with the Far East, 20, 411
Cuba and Porto Rico with the other
Islands of the West Indies, 22,
518
Hillary, Max:
Blue Flag, The, 25, 859
Hilprecht, Hermann:
Recent Researches in the Bible
Lands, I, 434
Hilt to Hilt, 25, 899
Himly:
Histoire de la formation territoriale
des Etats de l'Europe centrale,
17, 466
Hinde, Sidney Langford:
Fall of the Congo Arabs, The, 19,
322
Hinds, A. B.:
England of Elizabeth, The, 24, 1106
Hindu Manners, Customs, and Cere-
monies, 5, 397
Hindu Tribes and Castes, 5, 400
Hinkson, H. A.:
King's Deputy, The, 25, 869
King's Woman, A, 25, 870
Point of Honour, The, 25, 869
Silk and Steel, 25, 855, 869
Splendid Knight, The, 25, 853
Up for the Green, 25, 870
Hinsdale, Burke Aaron:
Old Northwest, The, 24, 1105
Hirobumi, Count Ito:
Commentaries on the Constitution
of the Empire of Japan, 7, 333
His Counterpart, 25, 858
His Eminence, 25, 829
His Excellency, 25, 843
His Grace o' the Gunne, 25, 858
His Grace of Osmonde, 25, 860
His Heart's Desire, 25, 837
His Indolence of Arras, 25, 838
His Most Dear Ladye, 25, 853
Hispaniola Plate, The, 25, 860, 889
Histoire de Belgique, 13, 598
Histoire de France, 9, 495, 10, 508
Histoire de France depuis les origines
jusq' a la revolution, 9, 496
Histoire de la formation territoriale
des Etats de l'Europe centrale, 17,
465
Histoire de la guerre du Mexique, 22,
516
Histoire de la litterature hindouie et
hindoustanie, 5, 397
Histoire de l'Art, 2, 558
Histoire de la Russie, 15, 389
Histoire de la sculpture grecque, 2,
557
Histoire de la Suisse, 13, 599
Histoire de la Terreur, d'apres Docu-
ments authentiques et inedits, 10,
508
Histoire de TAutriche Hongrie, 17,
465
Histoire de l'Empire Ottoman, 14,
513
Histoire de Napoleon Ier, 10, 509
Histoire de Robespierre, 10, 508
Histoire des Hongrois et de leur lit-
terature politique de 1790 a 1815,
}7, 467
Histoire des Italiens, 4, 419
Histoire des Republiques Italiennes,
4, 420
Histoire diplomatique de l'Europe,
18 14-1878, 18, 456
Histoire du commerce du Levant au
moyen age, 5, 397
Histoire du peuple d' Israel, 1, 440
Histoire du regne de Charles V en
Belgique, 13, 598
Histoire du regne de Louis XVII,
10, 508
Histoire du royaume des Pays Bas,
1814-1839, 15, 597
Histoire generale, 15, 390, 19, 323,
21, 359
Histoire generale de la Chine, 6, 325
964
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Histoire generale des Hongrois, 17,
466
Histoire generale des Huns des Tures
des Mongols et des autres Tartars
occidentaux, 6, 325
Histoire philosophique et politique
des etablissements et du commerce
des Europeens dans les deux Indes,
5, 399
Histoire Politique de l'Espagne Mod-
erne, suivie d' un Apenju sur les
Finances, 8, 548
Histoire Resumee d'ltalie, 4, 419
Historia antigua y de la conquista,
22, 517
Historia de la dominacion espafiola
en Mexico desde 1521 a 1808, 22,
517
Historia de la Revolucion de Mexico
contra la dictadura del General
Santa Anna, 22, 517
Historia de las Ideas Esteticas en
Espana, 8, 549
Historia de los trovadores, 8, 549
Historia de Portugal, 8, 545
Historia del Uruguay, 21, 360
Historia do Brazil, 21, 360
Historia do Brazil de 1831-1840, 21,
360
Historia general de Chili, 21, 360
Historia general de Espana, 8, 545,
548
Historiae Hungaricae fontes domes-
tici, 17, 466
Historians of Scotland, 12, 382
Historic Highways of North Amer-
ica, 24, 1 107
Historic Studies in Vaud, Berne and
Savoy, 13, 599
Historical Account of the Black Em-
pire of Hayti, Comprising a View
of the Principal Transactions in the
Revolution of St. Domingo with its
Ancient and Modern State, 22, 518
Historical and Descriptive Account of
Cape Breton, 24, 1107
Historical and Descriptive Account of
Persia, 5, 401
Historical Documents and Reflections
in the Government of Holland, 13,
597
Historical Essays, 10, 508
Historical Geography of the British
Colonies, A, 20, 405
Historical Geography of the Holy-
Land, The, 1, 441
Historical Geography of the United
States, 24, 1 105
Historical Introduction to the Pri-
vate Law of Rome, 3, 402
Historical Memoirs of the Emperor
Alexander I, 15, 389
Historical, Military, and Picturesque
Observations on Portugal, 8, 547
Historical Record of the Madras Eu-
ropean Regiment, 5, 394
Historical Researches into the Poli-
tics, Intercourse, and Trade of the
Carthaginians, Ethiopians, and
Egyptians, 1, 431
Historical Review of the Revolutions
of Portugal since the Close of the
Peninsular War, 8, 546
Historical Review of the State of
Ireland from Henry II to the Un-
ion, 12, 381
Historical Sketch of the Second War
between the United States and
Great Britain, 24, 11 12
Historical Sketches of the South of
India in an attempt to trace the
History of Mysore, 5, 400
Historical View of the Revolution,
24, 1 1 10
Historien der Nederlanden, 13, 599
Histories of Polybius, The, 3, 399
Historisch geographischer Atlas des
Oesterreichischen Staats, 17, 466
History and Conquests of the Sara-
cens, The, 14, 513
History and Digest of the Interna-
tional Arbitrations to Which the
United States Has Been a Party,
24, 1 105
History, Civil and Commercial, of
the British Colonies in the West
Indies, 20, 407
History of Agathon, The, 25, 824
History of Agriculture and Prices in
England, 11, 648
History of Alabama, 24, 11 12
History of America, 20, 403, 24, 1108
History of American Manufactures,
24, 1 105
AUTHORS AND TITLES
965
History of American Political The-
ories, 24, 1110
History of Ancient Egypt, A, 1, 433
History of Ancient Sanskrit Litera-
ture, 5, 399
History of Antiquity, 1, 431
History of Architecture, 1, 432, 5,
397
History of Art in Ancient Egypt, 1,
433
History of Art in Chaldsea and As-
syria, I, 435
History of Art in Persia, 1, 438
History of Art in Phoenicia and its
Dependencies, 1, 436
History of Art in Phrygia, Lydia,
Caria and Lycia, 1, 437
History of Babylonia and Assyria, A,
1, 435
History of Belgium, The, 13, 597
History of Bengal from the first Mo-
hammedan Invasion until the Vir-
tual Conquest of that Country by
the English, A. D. 1757, 5, 400
History of Brazil, 20, 400
History of British India, 5, 393
History of Brule's Discoveries and
Explorations, 1610-1636, 24, 1108
History of California, 24, 11 12
History of Canada, 24, 407, 24, 1107,
1 1 10
History of Canada Under French
Regime, 24, 1107
History of Central America, 20, 400
History of Central America and of
Mexico, 24, 1 107
History of Charles the Bold, 9, 497
History of China, 6, 325
History of Christianity in India from
the Commencement of the Chris-
tian Era, 5, 394
History of Civilization, 10, 507
History of Civilization in Ancient In-
dia based on Sanskrit Literature, 5,
393
History of Civilization in Scotland,
12, 382
History of Classical Greek Litera-
ture, 2, 558
History of Colonization from the
Earliest Times to the Present Day,
20, 399
History of Denmark, Sweden and
Norway, 16, 345
History of Detroit and Michigan, 24,
1 108
History of Eastern Vermont to the
Close of the Eighteenth Century,
24, 1 108
History of Education in the United
States, 24, 1 105
History of Egypt, I, 433
History of Egypt from the Earliest
Times to the Persian Conquest, 1,
432
History of Egypt from the Earliest
Times to the XXXth Dynasty, A,
I, 433
History of Egypt from the End of
the Neolithic Period to the Death
of Cleopatra VII, B. C. 30, A, 1,
432
History of Egypt in the Middle Ages,
A, 1, 433
History of Egypt under Roman Rule,
A, 1, 433
History of Egypt under the Pha-
raohs, 1, 432
History of Egypt under the Ptole-
maic Dynasty, A, 1, 433
History of England, 11, 645
History of England, 1701-1713, 24,
1 106
History of England, 1713-1783, 24,
1 106
History of England, comprising the
Reign of Anne until the Peace of
Utrecht, 11, 649
History of England during the Reign
of George III, A, 11, 648, 24, 1106
History of England during the Thirty
Years' Peace, A, 11, 647
History of England from 1603-1642,
II, 646, 24, 1 106
History of England from 1815, 24,
1 106
History of England from the Acces-
sion of James II, 11, 647, 24, 1106
History of England from the begin-
ning of the XIX. Century to the
Crimean War, 24, 1106
History of England from the Con-
clusion of the Great War in 1815,
A, 11, 650
966
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
History of England from the Fall of
Wolsey to the Defeat of the Span-
ish Armada, II, 646, 24, 1106
History of England from the Peace
of Utrecht to the Peace of Ver-
sailles, 11, 649
History of England from the Year
1830-1874, 11, 648
History of England in the Sixteenth
and Seventeenth Century, 11, 648
History of England in the Eighteenth
Century, 11, 647, 24, 1106, 11 10
History of England Principally in the
Seventeenth Century, 24, 1106
History of Federal Government in
Greece, 3, 557
History of Florence; the Prince, 4,
421
History of France, The, 9, 495, 496
History of Friedrich II, called Fred-
erick the Great, 18, 456
History of Georgia (Jones), 24, 1109
History of Georgia (Stevens), 24,
1 109
History of German Literature as De-
termined by Social Forces, 18, 460
History of Germany, 18, 456
History of Germany from the Earli-
est Period to the Present Time,
The, 18, 455
History of Germany from the Earli-
est Times, A, 18, 455
History of Germany in the Middle
Ages, 18, 457
History of Greece, 2, 555, 556
History of Greece from the Com-
mencement to the Close of the In-
dependence of the Greek Nation, 2,
556
History of Greece from the Con-
quest by the Romans to the Present
Time, 2, 557
History of Greece to the End of the
Persian War, 2, 555
History of Greek Art, 2, 559
History of Gustavus Adolphus and
his Time, 16, 347
History of Harvard University, 24,
1 1 10
History of Herodotus, 1, 433
History of Holland and the Dutch
Nation, 13, 597, 24, 1106
History of India as told by its own
Historians, the Mohammedan Pe-
riod, 5, 397
History of India from the Earliest
Ages, 5, 393
History of India from the Earliest
Period to the Close of Lord Dal-
housie's Administration, 5, 393
History of India from the Earliest
Times to the Present Day, 5, 393
History of India, the Hindoo and
Mohammedan Periods, 5, 397
History of India under Queen Vic-
toria from 1836 to 1880, 5, 393
History of India under the two first
Sovereigns of the House of Tai-
mur, Baber and Humayun, 5, 397
History of Ireland, 12, 381
History of Italian Unity, The, 4, 422
History of Italy, 4, 419
History of Japan during the Century
of Early Foreign Intercourse
( 1542-165 1), 7, 332
History of Japan to 1871, 7, 332
History of Japanese Literature, 7,
333
History of Java, The, 20, 409
History of Julius Caesar, 3, 401
History of Louisiana, 24, 11 11
History of Maine, 24, 1108
History of Mankind, The, 19, 323
History of Maryland (Bozman), 24,
1 109
History of Maryland (Browne), 24,
1 109
History of Massachusetts, 24, 1108
History of Mexico, 1516-1887, 20,
400
History of Modern Europe, 10, 507
History of My Own Times, 18, 457
History of My Time, A, 9, 501
History of New England, 24, 1108
History of New England with Par-
ticular Reference to the Baptists,
24, 1 109
History of New Hampshire, 24, 1108
History of New Jersey, 24, 1109
History of New York, 24, 1109
History of New York in the Revolu-
tion, 24, 11 10
History of Newfoundland, from the
English, Colonial and Foreign Rec-
ords, A, 20, 407
History of North Carolina, 24, 1109
AUTHORS AND TITLES
967
History of Our Navy, 1775-1797, 24,
nil
History of Our Own Times, 1837-
1897, 11, 647, 12, 381, 24, 1 1 13
History of Pennsylvania, 24, 1109
History of Persia, 5, 401
History of Philip II, King of Spain,
14, 515
History of Plymouth Plantation, 24,
1 108
History of Poland, The, 15, 390
History of Poland from the Earliest
Period to the Present Time, 15,
390
History of Political Parties, 24, 1106
History of Portugal, 8, 547
History of Proprietary Government
in Pennsylvania, 24, 1108, 1109
History of Prussia to the Accession
of Frederick the Great, 1 134-1740,
18, 459
History of Prussia under Frederick
the Great, 1740-1756, 18, 459
History of Quaker Government in
Pennsylvania, A, 24, 1109
History of Reconstruction, 24, 11 14
History of Rhodesia, A, 19, 322
History of Roman Literature, 3, 402
History of Rome, 3, 399, 400, 4, 419,
420
History of Rome and the Roman
People, 3, 399
History of Rome by Titus Livius,
The, 3, 399
History of Rome during the Later
Republic and Early Principate to
Vespasian, A, 3, 400
History of Rome to the Battle of
Actium, A, 3, 400
History of Rome to the Death of
Caesar, A, 3, 399
History of Sanskrit Literature, 5, 398
History of Scotland, 12, 382
History of Scotland (1542-1603), 12,
383
History of Scotland, from the Inva-
sion of Agricola to the Union, 12,
382
History of South Africa, 1486-1691;
1691-1795, 19, 324
History of South Africa; History of
the Boers or Emigrant Farmers,
19, 324
History of South America, 1854-1904,
31, 361
History of South Carolina under the
Proprietary Government, 24, 1109
History of South Carolina under the
Royal Government, 24, 1107
History of Spain to the Death of
Ferdinand, 8, 545
History of Spanish Literature, 8, 549
History of Sweden, The, 16, 346
History of the American Episcopal
Church, 24, 1 109
History of the American Indians, 24,
1 107
History of the American People, 24,
1 103
History of the Australasian Colonies
from Their Foundation to the Year
1903, A, 20, 406
History of the Bengal European Regi-
ment, now the Royal Munster Fu-
siliers, 5, 394
History of the British Empire in In-
dia, 5, 393
History of the Campaign of General
T. J. Jackson in the Shenandoah
Valley of Virginia, Nov. 4, 1861-
June 17, 1862, 24, 1 1 14
History of the Church and State in
Norway, 16, 347
History of the Church of England,
24, 1 109
History of the Church of England
from the Abolition of the Roman
Jurisdiction, II, 646
History of the Church of England in
the Colonies, 24, 1109
History of the City of New York,
24, 1 109
History of the Civil War, 24, 1113
History of the Colonization of Af-
rica by Alien Races, 19, 322
History of the Colony and Ancient
Dominion of Virginia, 24, 1109
History of the Colony of New Ha-
ven to its Absorption into Con-
necticut, 24, 1 108
History of the Colony of New Jer-
sey, 24, 1 109
History of the Commonwealth and
Protectorate, 11, 646, 24, 1106
History of the Confederate States
Navy, 24, 1 1 14
968
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
History of the Conquest of Mexico,
22, 517
History of the Conquest of Spain by
the Arab Moors, with a Sketch of
the Civilization They Achieved and
Imparted to Europe, 8, 546
History of the Constitution, 24, 1111
History of the Consulate and the
Empire of France Under Napo-
leon, 9, 500
History of the Decline and Fall of
the Roman Empire, The, 4, 420
History of the Dukes of Ormond, 12,
381
History of the Egyptian Revolution
from the Period of the Mamelukes
to the Death of Mehemet Ali, 1,
433
History of the English Church, A,
11, 649
History of the English People, 11,
645
History of the French in India from
the founding of Pondicherry in 1674
to the capture of that place in 1761,
5, 399
History of the French Revolution, 9,
498, 499. Soo, 10, 507
History of the French Revolution, the
Consulate, and the Empire, 10, 507
History of the German People, 18,
455
History of the German Struggle for
Liberty, 18, 456
History of the Germanic Empire, A,
18, 455
History of the Gold Coast, A, 19,
322
History of the Government of the
Confederate States, 24, 1106
History of the Grand Army of the
Republic, 24, 11 14
History of the Great Civil War, II,
646, 24, 1 106
History of the Greek Revolution, 2,
557
History of the Growth and Decay of
the Othman Empire, 14, 513
History of the Hebrew People, A, 1,
440
History of the House of Austria, 18,
456
History of the House of Austria from
Rudolph of Hapsburg to the Death
of Leopold II, 17, 465
History of the Huguenots of the Dis-
persion at the Recall of the Edict
of Nantes, A, 9, 498
History of the Indian Mutiny, 5, 398
History of the Indian Mutiny, 1857-
1858, 5, 399
History of the Indian Nations Who
Once Inhabited Pennsylvania and
the Neighboring States, 24, 1107
History of the Indian Navy, 1613-
1863, 5, 394
History of the Indian Tribes of Hud-
son's, 24, 1 107
History of the Indian Wars in New
England, 24, 1108
History of the Insurrection in Mas-
sachusetts in the Year of 1786, and
the Rebellion Consequent Thereon,
24, mi
History of the Islands of the West
Indian Archipelago, 22, 518
History of the Jewish Nation after
the Destruction of Jerusalem under
Titus, 1, 439
History of the Jewish People during
the Babylonian, Persian and Greek
Periods, A, 1, 440
History of the Jews, 1, 440
History of the Jews from the Earli-
est Period to the Present Time,
The, 1, 440
History of the Jews of Spain and
Portugal, 1, 440
History of the Kingdom of Bohemia,
17, 466
History of the Literature of the Scan-
dinavian North, 16, 348
History of the Loco-foco, or Equal
Rights Party, 24, 1112
History of the Low Country Warres,
The, 13, 599
History of the Madras Army, 5, 394
History of the Marathas, 5, 397. 400
History of the Military Transactions
of the British Nation in Indostan
from the year 1745. 5, 399
History of the Mogul Emperors of
Hindustan illustrated by their
Coins, 5, 398
AUTHORS AND TITLES
969
History of the Mongols from the
Ninth to the Nineteenth Century,
6, 325
History of the Moorish Empire in
Europe, 8, 548
History of the Navy During the Re-
bellion, 24, 1114
History of the Negro Race in Amer-
ica, 24, 1 106, 1 1 12
History of the Netherlands, 13, 599
History of the Norman Conquest, II,
646
History of the Northmen, or Danes
and Normans, from the Earliest
Times to the Conquest of William
of Normandy, 16, 347
History of the Pacific States, 20,
401
History of the Peninsular War, 10,
509
History of the People of the Nether-
lands, 13, 597, 24, 1 106
History of the People of the United
States, 24, 1 104
History of the Polk Administration,
24, 1112
History of the Portuguese in India,
5, 396
History of the Presidency, 24, 1105
History of the Protestant Episcopal
Church in America, 24, 1109
History of the Puritans, 24, 1109
History of the Rebellion of 1798, 12,
382
History of the Reformation in Ger-
many, 18, 458
History of the Reformation in Scot-
land, 12, 382
History of the Reign of Emperor
Charles V, 18, 458
History of the Reign of Ferdinand
and Isabella, 8, 548
History of the Reign of Philip II,
8, 548
History of the Renaissance in Italy,
A, 4, 421
History of the Revolt of the Amer-
ican Colonies, 24, 1108
History of the Revolution in South
Carolina, 24, 1110
History of the Revolutionary Period,
9, 499
History of the Rise and Progress of
the Bengal Army, 5, 394
History of the Rise of the Huguenots
of France, 9, 496
History of the Rise of the Moham-
medan Power in India, 5, 397
History of the Rise, Progress and
Establishment of the Independence
of the United States of America,
24, 1 1 10
History of the Rise, Progress and
Termination of the American War,
24, 1 1 10
History of the Romans under the
Empire, 3, 400
History of the Saracens, 1, 439
History of the Second Army Corps
in the Army of the Potomac, 24,
1114
History of the Second Pan-Amer-
ican Congress, 22, 516
History of the Sepoy War in India,
1857-1858, 5, 398, 399
History of the Siege of Boston, 24,
mo
History of the State of Rhode
Island and Providence Plantation,
24, 1 108
History of the Supreme Court of the
United States, 24, 1105
History of the Thirty Years' War,
18, 457
History of the United Netherlands,
13, 598
History of the United States
(Adams), 24, 1105
History of the United States
(Bancroft), 24, 1104
History of the United States
(Channing), 24, 1108
History of the United States
(Elson), 24, 1104
History of the United States
(Hildreth), 24, 1104
History of the United States
(Schouler), 24, 1105
History of the United States
(Smith), 24, 1 104
History of the United States in Our
Own Time, 24, 1105
History of the United States Navy,
24, 1 105
970
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
History of the United States Sani-
tary Commission, 24, 11 14
History of the United States Since
the Compromise of 1850, 24, 1105
History of the Virginia Company of
London, 24, 1109
History of the War in the Peninsula
and the South of France, 8, 548
History of the Western Empire, 18,
456
History of the Whig Party, 24, 1106
History of the World: A Survey of
Man's Record, 7, 332, 20, 402
History of Virginia (Beverly), 24,
1 109
History of Virginia (Burk), 24,
1 109
History of Virginia (Stith), 24,
1 109
History of Wyoming [Valley], 24,
1 109
Hitchman, Francis:
Captain Sir Richard Burton, His
Early, Private and Public Life,
19, 325
Hittiter und Armenien, 1, 436
Hoar, George F.:
Autobiography of Seventy Years,
24, 1 1 14
Hoare, E. N.:
Brave Men of Eyam, The, 25, 858
Turbulent Town, A, 25, 875
Hobbes, John Oliver:
Imperial India, Letters from the
East, 5, 395
School for Saints, The, 25, 834
Hobhouse, John Cam:
Journey through Albania, A, 14,
SIS
Hobson, John Atkinson:
War in South Africa, The, Its
Cause and Effects, 19, 322
Hocking, Joseph:
Birthright, The, 25, 863
Flame of Fire, A, 25, 833
Follow the Gleam, 25, 855
Lest We Forget, 25, 852
Hocking, Silas Kitto:
Strange Adventures of Israel Pen-
dray, The, 25, 863
Hodge, Alma, and Scott, Florence:
Round Tower, The, 25, 870
Hodgetts, J. F.:
Kormak the Viking, 25, 880
Hodgkin, Thomas:
Charles the Great, 9, 497
Italy and Her Invaders, 4, 420
Hodgson, Joseph:
Cradle of the Confederacy, 24, 11 12
Hogarth, David George:
Mycenaean Civilization, 2, 558
Hohenzollern, 25, 882
Holcombe, Chester:
Real Chinese Question, The, 6, 328
Holcroft, Thomas:
Works, 18, 457
Holden, Edward Singleton:
Mogul Emperors of Hindustan, 5,
397
Holdich, Sir Thomas H.:
India, 5, 395, 398
Holinshead:
Carew Papers, 12, 381
Chronicles, 12, 381
Irish Statutes, 12, 381
Holland, Josiah Gilbert:
Bay Path, The, 25, 890
Holland, Thomas E.:
European Concert in the Eastern
Question, 14, 514
Holland, 13, 597, 598
Hollis, Gertrude:
Hugh the Messenger, 25, 849
In the days of St. Anselm, 25, 847
Scholar of Lindisfarne, A, 25, 845
Son of yElla, The, 25, 845
Spurs and Bride, 25, 848
Hollis, Porter:
Reconstruction in South Carolina,
24, 1114
Hollister, O. J.:
Life of Schuyler Colfax, 24, 11 14
Holm, Adolf:
History of Greece from the com-
mencement to the close of the
Independence of the Greek Na-
tion, 2, 556
Holmby House, 25, 856
Holmes, T. R.:
Caesar's Conquest of Gaul, 3, 400
History of the Indian Mutiny, 5,
398
Holroyd, Caroline C:
Seething Days, 25, 852
AUTHORS AND TITLES
971
Hoist, Hermann von:
French Revolution Tested by Mira-
beau's Career, 9, 497
Life of Calhoun, 24, 1112
Holt, Emily S.:
Clare Avery, 25, 854
Imogene, 25, 845
Lady Sybil's Choice, 25, 823, 847
Lettice Eden: Tale of Last Days
of Henry VIII, 25, 852
Princess Adelaide, 25, 848
Red and White, 25, 851
Holwell, John Z.:
Indian Tracts, 5, 398
Holy Roman Empire, 18, 455
Home Life in Colonial Days, 24, 1109
Hommel, Fritz:
Der babylonische Ursprung der
aegyptische Kultur, 1, 434
Geschichte Babyloniens und Assyr-
iens, 1, 434
Semitsche Volker und Sprachen, 1,
434
Homoselle, 25, 897
Honour of Henri de Valois, The,
25, 822
Honour of Savelli, The, 25, 828
Hood, Alexander Nelson:
Adria, 25, 830
Hoogt, C. W. van der:
Story of the Boers, Narrated by
Their Own Leaders, 19, 322
Hooker, L. Roy:
Africanders, a Century of Dutch-
English Feud in South Africa,
19, 322
Hooker, Thomas, 24, 1110
Hooper:
Forests of the West Indies, 22,
5i8
Hooper, I.:
His Grace o' the Gunne, 25, 858
Singer of Marly, The, 25, 839
Hoosier Schoolmaster, 25, 897
Hope, Anthony:
Simon Dale, 25, 858
Hope, Graham:
Cardinal and his Conscience, A, 25,
836
Gage of Red and White, The, 25,
836
My Lord Winchenden, 25, 858
Triumph of Count Ostermann, The,
25, 878
Hope, Matilda:
Because of the Angels, 25, 875
Hope the Hermit, 25, 859
Hope, Thomas:
Anastasius; or, Memoirs of a
Greek, 25, 825
Hopkins, E. W.:
India, Old and New, 5, 395
Hopkins, J. M.:
Life of Andrew H. Foote, 24, 11 14
Hopkins, Samuel:
Puritans and Queen Elizabeth, The,
24, 1 106
Hopkins, Samuel, 24, 1106
Hopkins, Tighe:
For Freedom, 25, 830
Hoppus, Mary A. M.:
Great Treason, A, 25, 894
Masters of the World, 25, 826
Horn, F. W.:
History of the Literature of the
Scandinavian North, 16, 348
Home, Charles T.:
Story of Germany, The, 18, 455
Hornung, Ernest W.:
Denis Dent, 25, 888
Rogues' March, The, 25, 888
Horse Shoe Robinson, 25, 893
Horsley, Reginald:
Stonewall's Scout, 25, 898
Hosack:
Mary Queen of Scots and Her Ac-
cusers, 12, 383
Hosie, Alexander:
Manchuria: Its People, Resources,
and Recent History, 6, 326
Three Years in Western China, 6,
328
Hosmer, J. K.:
Life of Sir Harry Vane, 24, 11 10
Life of Thomas Hutchinson, Royal
Governor, 24, 11 n
Samuel Adams, 24, nn
Hough, Emerson:
Girl at the Half-way House, The,
25, 899
Mississippi Bubble, The, 25, 839,
892
Hough, J.:
History of Christianity in India
972
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
from the Commencement of the
Christian Era, 5, 394
Hough, P. M.:
Dutch Life in Town and Country,
13, 598
Hour and the Man, The, 25, 889
Housard:
Parliamentary Debates, 12, 382
House Divided, The, 25, 862
House of DeMailly, The, 25, 839
House of the Combrays, The, 25,
842
House of the Wizard, The, 25, 852
House of the Wolf, The, 25, 836
House of Walderne, The, 25, 848
Household of Sir Thomas More, The,
25, 851
Houses of Lancaster and York, 11,
646
Houston, D. W.:
Critical Study of Nullification, 24,
1 106, 1 1 12
Houston, Sam, and the War of Inde-
pendence in Texas, 24, 11 13
How, W. W.:
Hannibal and the Great War be-
tween Rome and Carthage, 3, 401
History of Rome to the Death of
Caesar, 3, 399
How I crossed Africa, from the At-
lantic to the Indian Ocean, etc.,
19, 326
How I Found Livingstone, 19, 327
How I Won my Spurs, 25, 848
How Marcus Whitman Saved Ore-
gon, 24, 1 1 12
Howard, George E.:
Introduction to the Local Consti-
tutional History of the United
States, 24, 1 105
Howard, Oliver Otis:
General Taylor, 24, 11 13
Howarth, Anna:
Katrina: a Tale of the Karoo, 25,
885
Nora Lester, 25, 886
Sword and Assegai, 25, 885
Howell:
Mexico: Its Progress and Commer-
cial Possibilities, 22, 516
Howorth, Henry Hoyle:
History of the Mongols from the
Ninth to the Nineteenth Century,
6, 325
Hoyer:
Konungariket Sverige, 16, 346
Hozier, H. M.:
Seven Weeks' War, The, 18, 457
Hubbard, Elbert:
Time and Chance, 25, 896
Hubbard, William:
General History of New England
to 1680, 24, 1 108
History of the Indian Wars in New
England, 24, 1108
Huber, A.:
Geschichte Oesterreichs, 17, 465
Hudson, H.:
Wild Humphrey Kynaston, 25, 851
Hudson, W. H.:
El Ombti, 25, 889
Hueffer, Ford Madox:
Fifth Queen, The, 25, 852
Romance, 25, 866
Huffcutt, E. W.:
Constitutional Aspect of the Gov-
ernment of Dependencies, 20, 411
Hug, L., and Stead, R.:
Switzerland, 13, 600
Hugh Gwyeth, 25, 855
Hugh the Messenger, 25, 849
Hugh Wynne, 25, 894
Hugo, Victor:
Bug-Jargal, 25, 889
Les Miserables, 25, 843
Ninety-Three, 25, 840
Notre-Dame de Paris, 25, 835
Huguenot, The, 25, 838
Hull, Charles W.:
Finances in the British West In-
dies, 20, 397
Humboldt, Friedrich Heinrich Alex-
ander von:
Island of Cuba, The, 20, 402
Personal Narrative of Travels, 20,
402
Political Essay on the Kingdom of
New Spain, 20, 402
Hume, Martin Andrew S.:
Modern Spain, 1 788-1898, 8, 547
Spain, its Greatness and Decay,
1479-1788, 8, 547
Spanish People, Their Origin,
Growth and Influence, 8, 545
AUTHORS AND TITLES
973
Year after the Armada, The, and
Other Historical Studies, 8, 547
Humphrey, Frank Pope:
New England Cactus, A, 25, 890
Humphrey, George:
Land of the Amazons, 21, 360
Hundred Days, The, 25, 843
Hungarian Brothers, The, 25, 881
Hungarian Nabob, An, 25, 882
Hungary, 17, 466
Hunt, C. H.:
Life of Edward Livingston, 24, 11 13
Hunt, Gaillard:
Life of James Madison, 24, n 13
Hunt, W.:
History of Italy, 4, 419
Hunt, William, and Stephens, Wil-
liam Richard Wood:
History of the English Church, 11,
649
Hunter, P. Hay:
Bible and Sword, 25, 873
Hunter, Sir William Wilson:
Annals of Rural Bengal, 5, 398
History of British India, 5, 393
Imperial Gazetteer of India, 5, 395
India of the Queen and Other Es-
says, 5, 395
Indian Empire, its People, History
and Products, 5, 395
Old Missionary, The, 25, 831
Orissa, 5, 398
Statistical Survey of British India,
5, 395
Hurlburt, A. B.:
Historic Highways of North
America, 24, 1107
Hurrah for the Spanish Main!, 25,
853
Huss et la Guerre des Hussites, 17,
466
Hutchinson, Horace G.:
Friend of Nelson, A, 25, 864
Hutchinson, Thomas:
Commercial Restraints, 12, 382
History of Massachusetts, 24, 1108
Hutton, Edward:
Frederic Uvedale, 25, 830
Hylten-Cavallius, G. O.:
Warend och Windarne, 16, 348
Hyne, Charles John Cutcliffe:
Through Arctic Lapland, 16, 348
Prince Rupert the Buccaneer, 25,
857
Hypatia, 25, 821
I Crown Thee King, 25, 852
I Lived as I Listed, 25, 857
I Mille, 4, 421
I, Thou, and the Other One, 25, 867
Icazbalceta:
Coleccion nueva de documentos
para la historia de Mejico, 22,
5i6
Iceland, Its Scenes and Sagas, 16,
347
Ienaga, T.:
Constitutional Development of
Japan, 7, 333
Ierne of Armorica, 25, 834
Ihne, W.:
Early Rome, 3, 400
History of Rome, 3, 399, 4, 420
Ilbert, Sir Courtenay:
Government of India, 5, 394
Ilios, 2, 559
Illinois and Louisiana Under French
Rule, 24, 1 108
Illustreret Norges Historie, 16, 346
Imbries, W.:
English-Japanese Etymology, 7,
333
Imogene, 25, 845
Impending Crisis, The, 24, 11 12
Imperial Gazetteer of India, 5, 395
Imperial India, Letters from the East,
5, 395
Imperial Lover, An, 25, 878
Imperial Rule in India, being an Ex-
amination of the Principles Proper
to the Government of Dependen-
cies, 5, 394
Imperial Russian Navy, The, 15, 389
Impressions of South Africa, 19, 321,
20, 405
Improvisatore; or, Life in Italy, 25,
830
In Alfred's Days, 25, 846
In Blue and White, 25, 894
In Chaucer's Maytime, 25, 849
In Clarissa's Day, 25, 862
In Colston's Days, 25, 856
974
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
In Connection with the De Wil-
loughby Claim, 25, 897
In Darkest Africa, 19, 324
In Dewisland, 25, 868
In Exitu Israel, 25, 840
In Fair Granada, 25, 833
In Four Reigns, 25, 866
In Freedom's Cause, 25, 871
In Furthest Ind, 25, 831
In Ghostly Japan, 7, 332
In Greek Waters, 25, 824
In High Places, 25, 854
In His Name, 25, 834
In Holiest Troth, 25, 833
In Jacobite Days, 25, 859
In Kedar's Tents, 25, 834
In King's Byways, 25, 837
In King's Houses, 25, 860
In Leisler's Times, 25, 891
In Lincoln Green, 25, 848
In Press-Gang Days, 25, 864
In South Africa with Buller, 19, 323
In Spite of All, 25, 855
In Steel and Leather, 25, 851
In Taunton Town, 25, 859
In the Blue Pike, 25, 883
In the Camp of Cornwallis, 25, 893
In the Day of Adversity, 25, 838
In the Days of Chivalry, 25, 849
In the Days of Goldsmith, 25, 869
In the Days of King James, 25, 854
In the Days of Prince Hal, 25, 850
In the Days of St. Anselm, 25, 847
In the Eagle's Talon, 25, 895
In the Fifteen, 25, 861
In the Golden Days, 25, 858
In the Heart of Holland, 13, 598
In the Irish Brigade, 25, 861
In the King's Favour, 25, 872
In the King's Service, 25, 856, 869
In the Land of the Gods, 7, 332
In the Lion's Mouth, 25, 841
In the Midst of Alarms, 25, 888
In the Olden Time, 25, 883
In the Palace of the King, 25, 833
In the Reign of Terror, 25, 841
In the Service of Rachel, Lady Rus-
sell, 25, 858
In the Shadow of the Crown, 25,
849
In the Track of the Troops, 25, 880
In the Trenches, 25, 867
In the Valley, 25, 894
In the Wake of King James, 25, 869
In the War with Mexico, 25, 896
In the Wars of the Roses, 25, 850
In the Year of Waterloo, 25, 842
In the Year '13, 25, 842, 884
In Times of Peril, 25, 832
In Troubled Times, 25, 876
In Two Moods, 25, 878
In Westminster Choir, 25, 858
Inca Civilization in Peru, The, 21,
357
Inca's Ransom, The, 25, 888
Inchbracken, 25, 875
Incomparable Bellairs, 25, 862
Independence of the South Ameri-
can Republics: a Study in Recog-
nition and Foreign Policy, 21, 359
India, 5, 395, 398
India and Christian Opportunity, 5,
394
India in the Nineteenth Century, 5,
393
India in the Victorian Age, Economic
History of the People, 5, 394
India, its Administration and Prog-
ress, 5, 394
India of the Queen and Other Es-
says, 5, 395
India, Old and New, 5, 395
India, Past and Present, 5, 395
India Portuguesa, A, 8, 548
Indian Caste, 5, 401
Indian Coinage and Currency, 5, 394
Indian Empire, 5, 395
Indian Empire, its Peoples, History,
and Products, 5, 395
Indian Frontier Warfare, 5, 400
Indian Life in Town and Country, 5,
395
Indian Policy of Spain, The, 20, 402
Indian Polity, a View of the System
of Administration in India, 5, 394
Indian Tracts, 5, 398
Indian Village Community, 5, 394
Induna's Wife, The, 25, 885
Industrial Cuba, 22, 518
Industrial History of the United
States, 24, 1 1 10
Industries of Japan, Together with
an Account of Its Agriculture, For-
estry and Commerce, 7, 331
rnfidel, The, 25, 862
Influence of Sea Power Upon the
AUTHORS AND TITLES
975
French Revolution and Empire,
The, 9, 498, 10, 509
Influence of Sea Power upon History,
1660-1783, 5, 398, 11, 647
Influence of the Breton Deputation
and the Breton Club in the French
Revolution, 9, 497
Ingemann, B. S.:
Waldemar, 25, 880
Ingraham, J. H.:
Pillar of Fire, The, 25, 822
(Prince of the House of David, The,
35, 823
Ingram, J. F.:
Natalia, 19, 322
Ingwall, C. J.:
Historical Sketch of the Second
War between the United States
and Great Britain, 24, 11 12
Inhabitants of the Philippines, The,
20, 411
Inimitable Mrs. Massingham, The,
25, 864
Inman, H. Escott:
Saga of Jarl the Neatherd, The,
25, 880
Innes, Cosmo:
Essay on Ancient Inhabitants of
Scotland, 12, 382
Scotland in the Middle Ages, 12,
.382
Inness, P. R.:
History of the Bengal European
Regiment, now the Royal Mun-
ster Fusiliers, 5, 394
Inouye, Jukicki:
Japan-China War, 6, 326
Institutes: a Text-Book of the His-
tory and System of Roman Private
Law, The, 3, 402
Intercourse between the United
States and Japan, 7, 332
Interloper, The, 25, 875
Interpreter, The, 25, 867, 882
Introduction to English Economic
History and Theory, An, 11, 645
Introduction to Roman Law, 3, 402
Introduction to the Literature of the
Old Testament, An, 1, 439
Introduction to the Local Constitu-
tional History of the United
States, 24, 1 105
Introduction to the Study of Mortu-
ary Customs among the North
American Indians, 24, 1107
Invasion, The, 25, 868
Invasion of Canada in 1775, 24, 11 10
Invasion of Denmark in 1864, 16,
346
Invasion of India by Alexander the
Great as described by Arrian, Q.
Curtius, Diodorus, Plutarch and
Justin, The, 5, 398
Invasion of the Crimea, The, 14, 514
Inwadi Yami, 19, 326
Ireland, Alleyne:
American Administration in the
Philippine Islands, 20, 411
Anglo-Boer Conflict, Its History
and Causes, 19, 322
Tropical Colonization: An Intro-
duction to the Study of the Sub-
ject, 20, 398
Ireland, 12, 381
Ireland, 1498-1868, 12, 381
Ireland and Her Story, 12, 381
Ireland and the Celtic Church, 12,
38i
Ireland under English Rule, 12, 381
Ireland under the Tudors, 12, 381
Irish History and Irish Character,
12, 381
Irish Land Law, 12, 382
Irish Statutes, 12, 381
Irish Tracts, 12, 382
Irish-Presbyterian Church, 12, 381
Iron Brigade, The, 25, 898
Irving, Washington:
Alhambra, The, 25, 833
Astoria, 24, 11 12
Chronicles of the Conquest of
Granada, 8, 547, 25, 833
Knickerbocker's History of New
York, 25, 890
Life and Voyages of Columbus, 24,
1 107
Washington, 24, 11 11
Irwin, H. C:
Garden of India, or Chapters on
Oudh History and Affairs, 5, 398
With Sword and Pen, 25, 832
Isabella Orsini, 25, 828
Iseulte, 25, 844
Isham, Frederic S.:
Under the Rose, 25, 836
Ishmael, 25, 843
976
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Isidro, 25, 896
Iskander, 25, 824
Islam in Africa, 19, 324
Island of Cuba, The, 20, 402
Island of Sorrow, The, 25, 870
Island of the English, The, 25, 842
Island Refuge, An, 25, 891
Island von seiner ersten Entdeckung
bis zum Untergange des Frei-
staates, 16, 346
Islandische Volkasagen des Gegen-
wart gesammelt und verdentscht,
16, 348
Isle of Unrest, The, 25, 843
Istar of Babylon: a Phantasy, 25,
821
Italian Expansion and Colonies, 20,
410
Italy and Her Invaders, 4, 420
Italy under Victor Emmanuel, 4, 422
Italy's Experience with Colonies, 20,
410
Ivan de Biron, 25, 878
Ivan the Terrible, 15, 389
Ivanhoe, 25, 847
Ivar the Viking, 25, 880
Jaccaci, August F.:
On the Trail of Don Quixote, 8,
550
Jack and his Island, 25, 896
Jack Archer, 25, 867
Jack Hinton, 25, 870
Jack Horner, 25, 899
Jackson, Helen:
Ramona, 25, 899
Jackson, "Stonewall," 24, 11 14
Jackson, Stonewall, and the American
Civil War, 24, 11 14
Jacob, Violet:
Interloper, The, 25, 875
Sheep Stealers, The, 25, 868
Jacob and John, 25, 862
Jacobite, The, 25, 860
Jacobite Exile, A, 25, 880
Jacobs, Joseph:
As Others Saw Him, 25, 823
Jacquerie, The, 25, 835
Jacques Bonneval, 25, 838
James, Edmund James:
Federal Constitution of Switzer-
land, 13, 599
James, George Payne Rainsford:
Agincourt, 25, 850
Arabella Stuart, 25, 854
Arrah Neil, 25, 855
Attila; or, The Huns, 25, 827
Brigand, The, 25, 836
Castle of Ehrenstein, The, 25, 882
Darnley, 25, 851
Forest Days, 25, 849
Gowrie, 25, 872
Heidelberg, 25, 883
Henry Masterton, 25, 856
Henry of Guise; or, The States of
Blois, 25, 837
Huguenot, The, 25, 838
Jacquerie, The, 25, 835
John Marston Hall; or, The Little
Ball of Fire, 25, 838
King's Highway, The, 25, 860
Leonora d' Oreo; or, The Times
of Caesar Borgia, 25, 828
Man-at-Arms, The, 25, 836
Mary of Burgundy, 25, 875
Old Dominion, The, 25, 896
One in a Thousand, 25, 837
Philip Augustus; or, The Brothers
in Arms, 25, 834
Richelieu, 25, 837
Rose d' Albret, 25, 837
Smuggler, The, 25, 862
Woodman, The, 25, 851
James I, King of Aragon:
Chronicles of James I, 8, 547
Jameson, J. A.:
Constitutional Convention, The, 24,
1 105
Jameson, J. F.:
Essays in Constitutional History
of the United States, 24, mi
Jan van Elselo, 25, 876
Jane, Frederick T.:
Imperial Russian Navy, 15, 389
Jane Seton, 25, 872
Janice Meredith, 25, 894
Janson, Gustaf:
Abraham's Sacrifice, 25, 886
Janssen, Johannes:
History of the German People, 18,
455
AUTHORS AND TITLES
977
Janvier, Thomas A.:
Aztec Treasure-House: a Romance
of Contemporaneous Antiquity,
The, 25, 888
Japan, 7, 332
Japan: An Interpretation, 7, 332
Japan and Its Trade, 7, 333
Japan as It Was and Is, 7, 332
Japan by the Japanese: A Survey by
the Highest Authorities, 7, 332
Japan in the Beginning of the Twen-
tieth Century, 7, 333
Japan: Its History, Art and Litera-
ture, 7, 331
Japan: Travels and Researches Un-
dertaken at the Cost of the Prus-
sian Government, 7, 331
Japan-China War, The, 6, 326
Japanese Girls and Women, 7, 332
Japanese Interior, A, 7, 332
Japanese Life in Town and Country,
7, 332
Japanese Miscellany, A, 7, 332
Jastrow, Morris, Jr.:
Religion of Babylonia and Assyria,
1, 434
Java; or, How to Manage a Colony:
Showing a Practical Solution of the
Questions Now Affecting British
India, 20, 409
Jay, John; Hamilton, Alexander; and
Madison, James:
Federalist, The, 24, 1105
Jay, William:
Life of John Jay, 24, 1112
Review of the Causes and Conse-'
quences of the Mexican War, 24,
1 1 12
Jebb, Richard Claverhouse :
Growth and Influence of Classical
Greek Poetry, 2, 558
Modern Greece, 2, 557
Jefferson, Thomas, 24, 11 11
Jeffery, Walter:
First Fleet Family, A, 25, 888
King's Yard, The, 25, 863
Mutineer, The, 25, 888
Jemmapes et la conquete de la Bel-
gique.. 10, 508
Jenetha's Venture, 25, 832
Jenkins, John S.:
Life of Silas Wright, 24, 1113
Jenks, Edward:
History of the Australasian Col-
onies from Their Foundation to
the Year 1903, 20, 406
Jenks, Jeremiah Whipple:
English Colonial Fiscal System in
the Far East, 20, 397
Report on Certain Economic Ques-
tions in the English and Dutch
Colonies of the Orient, 20, 404,
409
Jenkyns, Sir Henry:
British Rule and Jurisdiction Be-
yond the Seas; with a Preface
by Sir Courtenay Ilbert, 20, 404
Jensen, Peter:
Hittiter und Armenien, 1, 436
Jensen, Wilhelm:
Karine, 25, 880
Jeremias, J.:
Tyrus bis zur Zeit Nebukadnezars,
I. 436
Jernigan, Thomas R.:
China in Law and Commerce, 6,
328
Jerrold, Blanchard:
Life of Napoleon III, 9, 497
Jerusalem, 25, 824
Jervis, W. H.:
History of France, 9, 496
Jessamy Bride, The, 25, 863
Jessett, Montague George:
Key to South Africa: Delagoa Bay,
8, 547, 19, 325
Jessopp, A.:
Coming of the Friars and Other
Historic Essays, II, 647
Jesuit Fathers, 20, 410
Jesuit Relations and Allied Docu-
ments, 24, 1 108
Jesuits in North America, The, 20,
408, 24, 1 107
Jesus, the Carpenter of Nazareth, 25,
823
Jetta, 25, 882
Jew, The, 25, 879
Jewel of Ynys Galon, The, 25, 860,
868
Jewett, Sara Orne:
Tory Lover, The, 25, 894
Jewish Encyclopaedia, The, I, 440
Jezebel, 25, 822
978
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Joan of Arc, 9, 498
Joan of the Sword-Hand, 25, 883
Joan the Maid, 25, 835
John Burnet of Barns, 25, 873
John Charity, 25, 896
John Gilbert, Yeoman, 25, 857
John Halifax, Gentleman, 25, 864
John Inglesant, 25, 829, 856
John Law, the Projector, 25, 839,
892
John March, Southerner, 25, 899
John Marmaduke, 25, 869
John Marston Hall, 25, 838
John Maxwell's Marriage, 25, 870
John o' London, 25, 848
John of Fordun:
Chronica gentis Scotorum, 12, 382
John of Gerisau, 25, 844, 884
John of Strathbourne, 25, 836
John Splendid, 25, 856, 873
John Standish, 25, 849
John Vytal, 25, 890
Johns Hopkins University Studies in
History and Political Science, 7,
332
Johnson, Andrew, Impeachment and
Trial of, 24, 11 14
Johnson, E. R.:
Commercial Relations of the United
States with the Far East, 20,
411
Johnson, Owen:
Nicole, 25, 841
Johnson, Rossiter:
Civil War, The, 24, 11 13
Johnson, William Henry:
King's Henchman, The, 25, 837
Johnston, Alexander:
Connecticut, 24, 1108
Johnston, Christopher:
Epistolary Literature of the Assyr-
ians and Babylonians, 1, 434
Johnston, H. P.:
Yorktown Campaign and the Sur-
render of Cornwallis, 1781, 24,
1 1 10
Johnston, H. W.:
Private Life of the Romans, 3,
402
Johnston, Sir Harry:
Colonization of Africa, 8, 547, 19,
322
Johnston, Henry:
Chronicles of Glenbuckie, 25, 875
Johnston, Sir Henry Hamilton:
Kilima Njaro Expedition, 19, 325
River Congo, 19, 325
Johnston, Mary:
By Order of the Company, 25,
890
Old Dominion, The, 25, 891
Sir Mortimer, 25, 853
To Have and To Hold, 25, 890
Johnston, R. M., and W. H. Brown:
Life of Alexander H. Stephens, 24,
1 1 14
Johnston, William:
Yellow Shield, The, 25, 885
Joinville, John de:
Crusade of St. Louis, 9, 501
Jokai, Maurus:
Baron's Sons, The, 25, 882
Day of Wrath, The, 25. 882
Debts of Honour, 25, 882
Eyes like the Sea, 25, 882
Green Book, The, 25, 878
Halil the Pedlar, 25, 879
Hungarian Nabob, An, 25, 882
Lion of Janina, The, 25, 879
Manasseh, 25, 830, 882
'Midst the Wild Carpathians, 25,
881
Nameless Castle, The, 25, 882
New Landlord, The, 25, 882
Pretty Michal, 25, 881
Slaves of the Padishah, The, 25,
881
Told by the Death's Head: a Ro-
mantic Tale, 25, 881
Joncquiere, A. de la:
Histoire de l'Empire Ottoman, 14,
513
Jones, C. H.:
African Exploration from Herod-
otus to Livingstone, 19, 322
Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr.:
History of Georgia, 24, 1109
Jones, Ernest:
Maid of Warsaw, The, 25, 879
Jones, J.:
Rebel War Clerk's Diary, 24, 1113
Jones, J. S.:
Defence of the Revolutionary His-
tory of North Carolina, 24, 1110
AUTHORS AND TITLES
979
Jones, Thomas:
History of New York in the Revo-
lution, 24, 1 1 10
Jonge, J. K. J. de:
De Opkomst van het Nederlandsch
Gezag in Oost-Indie, 5, 398
Joscelyn Cheshire, 25, 893
Joseph the Dreamer, 25, 822
Joshua: a Tale of Biblical Times, 25,
822
Josika, Baron Miklos (or Nicholas):
'Neath the Hoof of the Tartar, 25,
881
Jourdain:
Guerra do Paraguay, 21, 360
Journal of the Lady Beatrix Graham,
25, 873
Journals Kept in France and Italy
from 1848 to 1852, 9, 502
Journey in the Seaboard Slave States,
24, 1 1 12
Journey through Albania, A, 14, 514
Journey through the Kingdom of
Oudh in 1849 and 1855, 5, 400
Journeymen Love, 25, 843
Journeys in North China, 6, 329
Jovinian, 25, 827
Joyce, Patrick:
Social History of Ancient Ireland,
12, 381
Joyneville, C:
Alexander I, Life and Times, 15,
389
Judith Shakespeare, 25, 854
Judson, Harry Pratt:
Growth of the American Nation,
24, 1110
Julamerk, 25, 822
Julian; or, Scenes in Judaea, 25, 823
Julian's Dream, 25, 827
Julio, 25, 834
Julius Caesar and the Foundation of
the Roman Imperial System, 3,
401
Junck, Karl:
Der deutsche-franzosische Krieg
1870 und 1871, 18, 457
Jungman, B.:
Norway, 16, 348
Jurg Jenatsch, 25, 877
Juste, Theodore:
Leopold I et Leopold II, 13, 598
Justi, Carl:
Diego Velasquez and his Times,
8, 549
Kaffir Folklore, 19, 327
Kaler, J. O.: see Otis, James
Kallistratus, 25, 825
Kantsch, E.:
Outline of the History of the Lit-
erature of the Old Testament, 1,
440
Karine, 25, 880
Kate Beaumont, 25, 897
Kate Cameron of Brux, 25, 871
Katerfelto, 25, 863
Katherine Walton, 25, 893
Kathleen Clare, 25, 869
Kathleen Mavourneen, 25, 870
Katrina: a Tale of the Karoo, 25,
885
Kaulen, Frank:
Assyrien und Babylonien nach den
neuesten Entdeckungen, 1, 434
Kavanagh, Julia:
Madeleine: a Tale of Auvergne, 25,
842
Kawakami, K.:
Political Ideas of Modern Japan, 7,
333
Kaye, Sir John William:
History of the Sepoy War in India,
1857-1858, 5, 398
Lives of Indian Officers, Illustra-
tive of the Civil and Military
Services of India, 5, 394
Kayser, Friedrich:
Aegypten einst und jetzt, 1, 432
Keane and Crawson:
Early English Chartered Com-
panies, 24, 1 106
Keane, A. H.:
Africa, 19, 322
Boer States, Land and People,
The, 19, 325
Central and South America and
West Indies, 22, 516
Compendium of Geography and
Travel, 19, 322
Keary, Annie Maria:
Castle Daly, 25, 870
980
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Keary, Charles F.:
Vikings of Western Christendom,
1 6, 346
Keasby, Lindley Miller:
Nicaragua Canal and the Monroe
Doctrine, 24, 1106
Political Relations of the United
States with the European Pow-
ers in the Far East, 20, 411
Keeling, Elsa d'Esterre:
Queen's Serf, The, 25, 861
Keene, H. G.:
History of India from the Earliest
Times, 5, 393
Keightley, S. R.:
Cavaliers, The, 25, 856
Crimson Sign, The, 25, 869
Last Recruit of Clare's, The, 25,
839
Pikemen, The, 25, 870
Silver Cross, The, 25, 837
Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek, 1, 435
Keller, Albert Galloway:
Essays in Colonization, 19, 323, 20,
410
Italian Expansion and Colonies, 20,
410
Italy's Experience with Colonies,
20, 397, 410
Kelly, James Fitzmaurice:
History of Spanish Literature, 8,
549
Kemmerer, E. W.:
Fiscal System of Egypt, 20, 397
Kenilworth, 25, 853
Kennedy, Bart:
Tramp in Spain from Andalusia to
Andova, 8, 550
Kennedy, E. B.:
Thirty Seasons in Scandinavia, 16,
348
Kennedy, John Pendleton:
Horseshoe Robinson, 25, 893
Kennedy, Sara Beaumont:
Joscelyn Cheshire, 25, 893
Kenneth, 25, 842, 878
Kenrick, J.:
Phoenicia, I, 436
Kensington Palace, 25, 860
Kent, C. F.:
History of the Hebrew People, I,
440
History of the Jewish People dur-
ing the Babylonian, Persian and
Greek Periods, x, 440
Kent Squire, A, 25, 839, 861
Kentucky Cardinal, A, 25, 897
Kenyon, Charles :
Won in Warfare, 25, 893
Kenycn, Edith C:
Queen of Nine Days, A, 25, 852
Kenyon, O.:
Amor Victor: a Novel of Ephesus
and Rome, 25, 826
Ker, David:
Torn from the Foundations, 25,
833
Wizard King, The, 25, 879, 881
Key of Paradise, The, 25, 829
Key of the Pacific, The the Nica-
ragua Canal, 22, 516
Key to South Africa: Delagoa Bay,
The, 8, 547, 19, 325
Key to the Riddle, The, 25, 829
Kidnapped, 25, 874
Kielhorn, F., and Buhler, J. G.:
Grundriss der indo-arischen phi-
lologie und altertums-kunde, 5,
396
Kilgorman, 25, 870
Kilima Njaro Expedition, 19, 325
King, B.:
History of Italian Unity, 4, 422
King, C. R.:
Life and Correspondence of Rufus
King, 24, 1 1 13
King, Charles :
Cadet Days, 25, 894
Iron Brigade, The, 25, 898
King, Grace:
De Soto and His Men, 24, 1107
King, Horatio:
Turning on the Light, 24, 11 12
King Alfred's Viking, 25, 846
King and His Campaigners, A, 25,
880
King Arthur and his Knights, The
Story of, 25, 845
King by the Grace of God, 25, 856
King for a Summer, 25, 839
King Leopold's Rule in Africa, 19,
326
King Noanett, 25, 891
King of Schnorrers, The, 25, 824
AUTHORS AND TITLES
981
King of the Mountains, The, 25, 824
King Olaf's Kinsman, 25, 846
King with Two Faces, The, 25, 881
Kingdom of Ireland, The, 24, 1106
Kinglake, Alexander William:
Invasion of the Crimea, 14, 514
King's Achievement, The, 25, 852
King's Agent, The, 25, 859
King's Assegai, The, 25, 885
King's Comrade, A, 25, 845
King's Deputy, The, 25, 869
King's Fool, The, 25, 834
King's Henchman, The, 25, 837
King's Highway, 25, 860
King's Own, The, 25, 864
King's Pawn, A, 25, 837
King's Reeve, The, 25, 849
King's Revoke, The, 25, 842
King's Ring, The, 25, 893
King's Secret; Being the Secret Cor-
respondence of Louis XV with his
Diplomatic Agents from 1752 to
1774, The, 9, 501
King's Signet, The, 25, 838
King's Sons, The, 25, 845
King's Treasure House, The, 25, 821
King's Woman, A, 25, 870
King's Yard, The: a Story of Old
Portsmouth, 25, 863
Kingsford, William:
History of Canada, 20, 407, 24,
1 107, 1 1 10
Kingsley, Charles:
Hereward the Wake; Last of the
English, 25, 846
Heroes, The, 25, 824
Hypatia, 25, 821
Westward Ho!, 25, 853
Kingsley, Florence Morse:
Cross Triumphant, The, 25, 823
Paul, a Herald of the Cross, 25,
823
Stephen, a Soldier of the Cross, 25,
823
Titus, 25, 823
Kingsley, Henry:
Mademoiselle Mathilde, 25, 841
Old Margaret, 25, 875
Silcote of Silcotes, 25, 830
Stretton, 25, 832
Valentin, 25, 844
Kingsley, M. H.:
Story of West Africa, 19, 323
Travels in West Africa, Congo,
Francais, Corisco, Cameroons,
*9, 325
West African Studies, 19, 326
Kingsley, W. L.:
Yale College, 24, 1110
Kingston, William Henry Giles:
Edol the Druid, 25, 845
From Powder-Monkey to Admiral,
25, 866
Great African Travellers, from
Mungo Park to Stanley, 19, 323
Jovinian, 25, 827
Merchant of Haarlem, The, 25, 876
Kinos, Y.:
Past and Present of Japanese Com-
merce, 7, 333
Kinship and Marriage in Early Ara-
bia, x, 439
Kirby, William:
Golden Dog, The, 25, 887
Kirk, John Foster:
History of Charles the Bold, 9,
497
Kirkland, Joseph:
M'Veys, The; an Episode, 25, 897
Zury, the Meanest Man in Spring
County, 25, 897
Kirkman, M. M. :
Iskander, 25, 824
Romance of Gilbert Holmes, The,
25, 896
Kitchin, George William:
History of France, 9, 495
Kittel, R.:
Geschichte der Hebraer, 1, 440
Kitty Alone; a Story of Three Fires,
25, 866
Kitwyk, 25, 877
Kleine Schriften, I, 436
Klerk de Reus, G. C.:
Geschichtlicher Ueberblick der
Administrativen, rechtlichen und
finanziellen Entwicklung der
Niederlandisch - Oostindischen
Campagnie, 5, 398
Klose, H.:
Togo unter deutscher Flagge, 19,
323
Klosterheim, 25, 884
Kluber, Johann Ludwig:
Atken des Wiener Kongresses, 17,
467
982
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Klytia, 25, 883
Knapp, Frederick:
Life of John Kalt, Major General
in the Revolutionary Army, 24,
mi
Knickerbocker's History of New
York, 25, 890
Knight of Gwynne, The, 25, 870
Knight of the Golden Chain, The,
25, 847
Knight of the Golden Cross, A, 25,
879
Knight of the Needle Rock and his
Days, The, 25, 853
Knight of the White Cross, A, 25,
824
Knights of the Cross, The, 25, 878
Knolles, Richard, and Rycaut:
General History of the Turks, 14,
513
Knowles, James Davis:
Memoir of Roger Williams, 24,
mo
Knox, G. W.:
Japanese Life in Town and Coun-
try, 7, 332
Knox, John:
History of the Reformation in
Scotland, 12, 382
Knox, General, 24, mi
Koepp, Friedrich:
Die Romer in Deutschland, 18, 457
Koerner, Herman T.:
Beleaguered, 25, 884
Kohn, S.:
Gabriel, 25, 823, 881
Kokoro: Hints and Echoes of Japa-
nese Inner Life, 7, 332
Kolonien, 20, 403
Kolonien, Kolonialpolitik und aus-
wanderung, 20, 399, 21, 359
Kongeriget Norge, 16, 345
Konung Oskar II och Sveriges Folk,
16, 346
Konungariket Sverige, 16, 346
Koran, translated into English from
the Original Arabic, The, 1, 439
Kormak the Viking, 25, 880
Korolenko, V.:
In Two Moods, 25, 878
Koser Reinhold:
Friedrich der Grosse als Kronprinz,
18, 457
Kounv and Fischer:
Norway, 16, 348
Kovalevsky, M.:
Russian Political Institutions, 15,
389
Kozhevar, E.:
Report on the Republic of Mexico,
22, 516
Kraszewski, Joseph Ignatius:
Countess Cosel, The, 25, 879, 884
Jew, The, 25, 879
Krausse, Alexis:
China in Decay, 6, 326
Krones, A.:
Geschichte der Neuzeit Oester-
reichs vom 18 Jahrh. bis auf die
Gegenwart, 17, 467
Krones, M.:
Grundriss der Oesterreichischen
Geschichte, 17, 465
Kruger, Johannes Stephanus Paulus:
Memoirs of Paul Kruger, Four
Times President of the South
African Republic, 19, 323
Ku Hung-Ming:
Discourses and Sayings of Confu-
cius, 6, 327
Papers from a Viceroy's Yamen, 6,
328
Kuehnen, A.:
Gottesdienst von Israel, 1, 440
Skizzen ous der Geschichte Israels,
1, 440
Kulturbilder aus Hellas und Rome,
2, 558
Kwaidan, 7, 332
Kypros, die Bibel und Homer, 1, 437
La Battaglia di Benevento, 25, 827
La Bedolliere, Emile G. de:
Histoire de la guerre du Mexique,
22, 516
La Bible et les decouvertes modernes,
1, 43i
La Chine: sa religion, ses moeurs,
ses missions, 6, 329
La Cienca Espaiiola, 8, 549
Lacombe, Paul:
Short History of the French Peo-
ple, 9, 496
La Comtesse de Charny, 25, 840
AUTHORS AND TITLES
983
La conquete de la Pampa, 21, 359
La constituciones politicas que ha te-
nido la republica Boliviana (1826-
1868), 21, 359
Lacroix, Paul:
Beautes de l'histoire de la domina-
tion des Arabes et de Maures en
Espagne et en Portugal, 8, 547
L'acropole de Suse, d'apres les fouil-
les ae 1884-1886, 1, 437
Lad of the O'Friels', A, 35, 870
La Dame de Monsoreau, 25, 837
Ladder of Swords: A tale of Love,
Laughter and Tears, 25, 853
La Diplomatic du premier Comite de
Salut public, 10, 507
Lady and the Priest, The, 35, 847
Lady Jean's Son, 35, 875
Lady of Fort St. John, The, 35, 886
Lady of Hirta, The, 35, 874
Lady of Loyalty House, The, 35, 855
Lady of Lynn, The, 35, 862
Lady of Quality, A, 25, 860
Lady of the Regency, A, 35, 866
Lady Sybil's Choice, 35, 823, 847
Lady Wedderburn's Wish, 35, 867
Lady's Honour, A, 35, 861
La Espaha del Siglo XIX, 8, 547
La Fayette, Madame Marie de:
Princess of Cleves, The, 35, 836
Lafayette, 34, mi
Lafitte of Louisiana, 35, 842, 895
La France Coloniale: Histoire, Geog-
raphic, Commerce. Ouvrage publie
saus la direction de M. Alfred
Rambaud, 30, 409
La France en 1789, 10, 507
Lafuente, Modesta, and Valera, Juan:
Historia general de Espana, 8, 545
Lagerlof, Selma:
Jerusalem, 35, 824
La Grande Encyclopedic, 15, 390
La Grece Byzantine et moderne, 3,
556
La guerre de independencia, 23, 517
La Hollande, Geographique, Ethno-
logique, etc., 13, 597
La Hongrie Moderne, 1849-1901, 17,
468
Laing, Samuel:
Heimskungla or Chronicles of the
Kings of Norway, 16, 346
Lair:
L'Imperialisme Allemand, 18, 460
Lake Geneva and its Literary Land-
marks, 13, 599
La Legende des Girondins, 10, 507
Lally of the Brigade, 25, 829
La Lydie et le monde grec au temps
des Mermnades, 1, 437
La main d'oeuvre aux colonies, 20,
398
Lamar, L. Q. C, 24, 11 14
Lamartine, Alphonse de:
Girondists, The, 9, 497
Lamb, W. J.:
History of the City of New York,
24, 1 109
Lancashire Witches, The, 25, 854
Lancaster and York, 11, 648
Lances of Lynwood, The, 25, 849
Lanciani, R. :
Ancient Rome in the Light of Re-
cent Discoveries, 3, 402
Ruins and Excavations of Ancient
Rome, 3, 402
Land of the Dons, The, 8, 550
Land of the Midnight Sun, The, 16,
348
Land of the Wine, The, 8, 550
Land Revenue of Bombay, a History
of its Administration, Rise and
Progress, 5, 394
Land Systems of British India, 5,
394
Landmann, George:
Historical, Military, and Picturesque
Observation on Portugal, 8, 547
Landon, Judson:
Constitutional History of the Uni-
ted States, 24, 1 106
Landor, Walter Savage:
Pericles and Aspasia, 25, 824
Lane, Edward William:
Account of the Manners and Cus-
toms of the Modern Egyptians,
I, 433
Arabian Society in the Middle
Ages, 1, 438
Thousand and One Nights, The, 1,
438
Lane, Elinor Macartney:
Mills of God, The, 25, 895
Nancy Stair, 25, 875
984
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Lane, Mrs. John:
Kitwyk, 25, 877
Lane-Poole, Stanley:
Barbary Corsairs, The, 14, 514
History of Egypt, 1, 433
History of the Mogul Emperors of
Hindustan illustrated by their
Coins, 5, 398
Life of Stratford Canning, Vis-
count Stratford de Redcliffe, 14,
514
Mohammedan Dynasties; Chrono-
logical and Genaeological Tables,
with Historical Introductions, x,
438
Story of the Moors in Spain, 8,
547
Story of Turkey, 14, 513
Lanfrey, Pierre:
Histoire de Napoleon Ier, 10, 509
Lang, Andrew:
History of Scotland, 12, 382
Monk of Fife, A, 25, 835
Parson Kelly, 25, 861
World's Desire, The, 25, 824
Lang, John:
Wetherbys, The, 25, 831
L'Angleterre et Immigration, 10, 508
Lanin, E. B.:
Russian characteristics, 15, 389
L'Annee des Merveilles, 25, 833
L'Annee Politique, 17, 468
La Paix de Bale, 10, 508
La Perse, la Chaldee et la Susiane,
I, 437
La Perse politique et militaire au
XIX siecle, 1, 437
Lapsed, but not Lost, 25, 826
La Question d'Orient, 14, 514
La retraite de Brunswick, 10, 508
La Revolution et la Feodalite, 10,
508
Larger History of the United States,
24, 1 103
Larned :
Spanish and Portuguese America
and the West Indies, 21, 357
Larned, J. N.:
Literature of American History, a
Bibliographical Guide, 21, 357
Literature of American History,
European Discovery and Early
Exploration, 21, 358
L'art antique de la Perse, I, 437
La Salle and the Discovery of the
Great West, 20, 408, 24, 1107
Las Estados Unidos Mejicanos, 1877-
1897, 22, 516
Last Abbot of Glastonbury, The, 25,
852
Last Days and Fall of Palmyra, The
(Zenobia), 25, 822, 826
Last Days of Knickerbocker Life in
New York, 24, 1109
Last Days of Pompeii, The, 25, 826
Last Foray, The, 25, 852
Last Hope, The, 25, 843
Last Journals in Central Africa, 19,
326
Last of the Barons, The, 25, 850
Last of the Cliffords, The, 25, 857,
881
Last Recruit of Clare's, The, 25, 839
Latane, John H.:
Diplomatic Relations of the United
States and Spanish America, 21,
359
La Tanisie et la Colonisation Fran-
chise, 19, 321
Later History of British, Spanish,
and Portuguese-America, The, 21,
358
Latham:
States of the River Plate, The,
21, 359
Lathrop, George Parsons:
Spanish Vistas, 8, 550
Latimer, Elizabeth Wormley:
Europe in Africa in the Nineteenth
Century, 19, 323
Spain in the Nineteenth Century,
8, 547
Latin Literature, 3, 402
La Turquie d'Asie, 14, 514
La Turquie et le Tangirnat, 14, 514
La Turquie et l'Hellenisme contem-
poraine, 2, 556
Latzina, Francisco :
Die argentinische Republik rds
Ziel der Europaischen Auswan-
derung, 21, 359
Lauder, Sir Thomas Dick:
Wolfe of Badenoch, The, 25, 871
Lauer, P. E.:
Church and State in New England,
24, 1 109
AUTHORS AND TITLES
985
Laugh ton, J. K.:
Life of Nelson, 10, 509
Laura Everingham, 25, 867
Laurie, W. F. B.:
Our Burmese Wars and Relations
with Burma, being an Abstract
of Military and Political Opera-
tions, 1824-1826, and 1852-1853, 5,
398
Laut, Agnes C:
Lords of the North, 25, 887
L'Autriche et le Comite de Salut
public, 10, 508
L'Avenir Colonial de la France, 19,
322
Lavisse and Rambaud, Alfred Nico-
las:
Histoire Generale, 15, 390, 19, 323
Lavisse, E.:
Histoire de France depuis les orig-
ines jusq' a la revolution, 9, 496
Lawless, Emily:
Maelcho, 25, 869
Story of the Irish Nation, 12, 381
With Essex in Ireland, 25, 869
Lawrence, G. A.:
Brakespeare; or, The Fortunes of a
Free-Lance, 25, 835
Laws of the Indies, 21, 359
Lay Down Your Arms, 25, 884
Layard, Sir Austin Henry:
Early Adventures in Persia, Susi-
ana, and Babylonia, 1, 431
Monuments of Nineveh, 1, 434
Nineveh and Babylon, 1, 434
Nineveh and its Remains, 1, 434
Lazarre, 25, 841, 895
Lea, Henry C:
Chapters from the Religious His-
tory of Spain, 24, 1106
Indian Policy of Spain, The, 20,
402
Leaders of Public Opinion in Ireland,
12, 382
Leaguer of Lathom, The, 25, 856
Leather Stocking and Silk, 25, 892
Leather Stocking Romances, The,
25, 892
Lebon, Andre:
L'Angleterre et Immigration, 10,
508.
Le Bresil en 1884, 21, 360
Le Breton, John:
Mis'ess Joy, 25, 866
Le Chien d'Or, 25, 887
Lecky, William Edward Hartpole:
American Revolution, The, 24, 11 10
History of England, 11, 647, 12,
381, 24, 1 106
Leaders of Public Opinion in Ire-
land, 12, 382
Le Colonie degli Italiani, 19, 321
Lecomte, Ferdinand:
Guerre de la Prusse et de l'ltalie
contre l'Autriche et la Confedera-
tion Germanique en 1866, 18, 457
Le Comte de Cavour, etude de poli-
tique nationale et parlementaire, 4,
421
Lecture on the Origin and Growth of
Religion, as illustrated by the Re-
ligion of India, 5, 399
Lectures on Colonization, 20, 398
Lectures on the History of Ireland,
12, 381
Lectures on the History of the Jew-
ish Church, 1, 441
Lectures on the Origin and Growth
of Religion as Illustrated by the
Religion of the Ancient Hebrews,
1, 440
Le Culte de la Raison et de l'Etre
supreme, 10, 507
Le Danemark, 16, 349
Le Directoire, 10, 508
Ledlie, J. C:
Institutes, The: a Text Book of the
History and System of Roman
Private Law, 3, 402
Lee, Albert:
Baronet in Corduroy, The, 25, 860
Black Disc, The, 25, 833
Frown of Majesty, The, 25, 838
Inca's Ransom, The, 25, 888
Lee, J. A.:
Peaks and Pines, 16, 348
Lee, R. H.:
Life of Arthur Lee, 24, mi
Lee, Robert E., Life of, 24, 11 14
Lee, Robert E., Jr.:
Life of R. E. Lee, 24, 11 14
Lee- Warner, Sir W.:
Citizens of India, 5, 394
Protected Princes of India, 5, 394
986
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Lefmann, S.:
Geschichte des alten Indiens, 5, 393
Left-handed Swordsman, A, 25, 869
Legend of Montrose, The, 35, 873
Legend of Reading Abbey, A, 25,
847
Leger, Louis:
Histoire de l'Autriche-Hongrie, 17,
465
La Grande Encyclopedic, 15, 390
Legislative Systems from Henry II
to the Union, 12, 381
Lehrbuch der hebraischen Archaolo-
gie, 1, 440
Leigh, H. D., and How, W. W.:
History of Rome to the Death of
Caesar, 3, 399
Leigh ton, Robert:
Cap'n Nat's Treasure, 25, 863
Golden Galleon, The, 25, 854
Hurrah for the Spanish Main!, 25,
853
Olaf the Glorious, 25, 880
Thirsty Sword, The, 25, 871
Leila, 25, 833
Leland:
History of Ireland, 12, 381
Leland and Van Tyne:
Guide to the Archives of the Uni-
ted States, 24, 1 103
L'Eleve de Garrick, 25, 863
Lelewell, J.:
Histoire de Pologne, 15, 390
L'Eloquence parlementaire pendant
la Revolution, 10, 507
Lembke and Schafer:
Geschichte von Spanien, 8, 545
Lemcke, E.:
Handbuch der spanischen Littera-
tur, 8, 549
Le Mexique ancien et Moderne, 22,
516
Le Mexique au Debut XXe Siecle,
22, 515
Le Mexique de nos Jour, 22, 517
L'Empire de Tsars et les Russes, 15,
389
Lenormant, Francois:
Chaldean Magic: Origin and De-
velopment, 1, 434
Les dieux de Babylone et l'Assyrie,
1, 434
Le Notre, G.:
House of the Combrays, 25, 842
Leonard Lindsay, 25, 860
Leonora d'Orco; or, The Times of
Csesar Borgia, 25, 828
Leopold I et Leopold II, 13, 598
Le pays des Amazone, l'El Dorado,
les terres a caoutchouc, 21, 360
Le Poer, John Patrick:
Modern Legionary, A, 25, 844
Lepsius, Karl Richard:
Denkmaler aus Aegypten und
Aethiopien, 1, 433
Le regime des protectorats, 20, 398
Le regime foncier aux colonies, 20,
398
Le Roman d'une Imperatrice, 15, 389
Leroy-Beaulieu, Pierre Paul:
Awakening of the East, The, 6,
328
De la Colonisation chez les Peuples
Moderenes, 19, 323, 20, 398, 21,
359
L'Empire de Tsars et les Russes,
15, 389
Les Nouvelles Societes Anglo-
Saxonnes, Australie, Nouvelle-Ze-
land, Afrique, Australe, Nouvelle
edition entierement refondue, 20,
406
Les auteurs hindoustainis et leurs
ouvrages, 5, 397
Les chemin de fers aux colonies et
dans les pays neufs, 20, 398
L'esclavage au Bresil, 21, 360
Les Colonies Franchises, 20, 408
Les dieux de Babylone et l'Assyrie,
1, 434
Les Etats Scandinaves de 1815 a
1847; de 1848 a 1870; de 1870 a nas
jours, 16, 347
Les functionnaires coloniaux, 20, 398
Les guerres de la Revolution, 10, 508
Les langues perdues de la Perse et
de l'Assyrie, 1, 435
Les marines de guerre de l'antiquite
et du moyen age, 1, 436
Les Miserables, 25, 843
Les Nouvelles Societes Anglo-Saxon-
nes, Australie, Nouvelle-Zeland, Af-
rique, Australe, Nouvelle edition
entierement refondue, 20, 406
AUTHORS AND TITLES
987
Les origines de la France contempo-
raine, 'La regime moderne, 10, 510
L'Espagne Moderne, 8, 548
Les Races et les Nationalites en
Autriche Hongrie, 17, 466
Les Representants en Mission, 10,
508
Lest We Forget, 25, 852
L'Etat Independent du Congo a
l'Exposition de Bruxelles-Tervne-
ren en 1897, 19, 323
Letteratura Assira, 1, 435
Lettere Edite ed Inedite, Raccolte
ed Illustrate da S. Chiala, 4, 421
Letters and Dispatches of the First
Napoleon, 10, 509
Letters and Journals, 19, 325
Letters of Cicero, The, 3, 399
Letters and Times of the Tylers, 24,
1113
Letters from a Chinese Official, 6,
328
Letters from Majorca, 8, 550
Letters on Turkey, 14, 514
Lettice Eden: Tale of Last Days of
Henry VIII, 25, 852
L'Europe et le Directoire, 10, 508
L'Europe et la Revolution franchise,
10, 508, 17, 467
Levasseur :
Abolition de l'esclavage au Bresil,
21, 360
Lever, Charles:
Charles O'Malley, 25, 865, 870
Gerald Fitzgerald the Chevalier,
25, 830
Jack Hinton, 25, 870
Knight of Gwynn, The, 25, 870
Maurice Tiernay, the Soldier of
Fortune, 25, 842, 870
O'Donoghue, The, 25, 870
Tom Burke of "Ours," 25, 842, 865,
870
Levermore, G. H.:
Republic of New Haven, 24, 1108
Lewes, G. H.:
Life of Maximilian Robespierre, 10,
508
Lewis, Charlton T.:
History of Germany from the
Earliest Times, 18, 455
Lewis, Sir George Cornwall:
Essays on the Administrations of
Great Britain, 11, 647
Lewis, Robert E.:
Educational Conquest of the Far
East, 6, 328
L'Expedition de Custine, 10, 508
Lie, J. L. I.:
Barque Future; Life in the Far
North, The, 25, 881
Liefde, Jacob B. de:
Beggars, The, 25, 876
Brave Resolve, A, 25, 883
Walter's Escape, 25, 876
Lieutenant under Washington, A, 25,
894
Life and Adventures of Robin Hood,
The, 25, 848
Life and Correspondence of James
Iredell, 24, 1111
Life and Correspondence of Rufus
King, 24, 1 1 13
Life and Death of Richard Yea-and-
Nay, The, 25, 847
Life and Letters, 11, 649
Life and Letters of John Brown, 24,
1113
Life and Letters of John Winthrop,
24, 1 1 10
Life and Letters of Ogier de Bus-
becq, 14, 514
Life and Public Career of Horace
Greeley, 24, 11 14
Life and Teachings of Abbas Effendi
[Babism], 5, 401
Life and Times of Aaron Burr, 24,
1113
Life and Times of Colonel Daniel
Boone, 24, 1113
Life and Times of Cotton Mather,
24, 1 1 10
Life and Times of Frederic Douglass,
24, 1 1 12
Life and Times of James Madison,
24, 1113
Life and Times of John Dickinson,
1732-1808, 24, 1 1 13
Life and Times of Joseph Story, 24,
1113
Life and Times of Martin Van Buren,
34> 1113
Life and Times of Philip Schuyler,
24, mi
Life and Times of S. S. Prentiss, 24,
1113
Life and Times of Sa-go-ye-u-at-ha,
or Red Jacket, 24, 1113
988
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Life and Times of Sir George Grey,
20, 406
Life and Times of Stein, 10, 510,
18, 458
Life and Times of Wendell Phillips,
24, 1 1 13
Life and Times of William Brewster,
24, 1 1 10
Life and Treason of Benedict Arnold,
24, 1111
Life and Voyages of Columbus, 24,
1 107
Life and Writings of Mazzini, 4, 422
Life in Ancient Egypt, 1, 432
Life of Abraham Lincoln, 24, 11 14
Life of Albert Gallatin, 24, n 12
Life of Arthur Lee, 24, nil
Life of Benito Juarez, 22, 515
Life of Benjamin Wade, 24, 1113
Life of Benton, 24, 11 12
Life of Buchanan, 24, 11 12
Life of C. L. Vallandigham, 24, 1114
Life of Calhoun, 24, 11 12
Life of Cass, 24, 1112
Life of Charlemagne, 9, 501
Life of Charles Sumner, 24, 1112, 1114
Life of Christopher Columbus, 24, ,
1 107
Life of Cicero, 3, 401
Life of Clay, 24, 11 12
Life of Colonel Paul Revere, 24, 11 11
Life of Daniel Webster, 24, 11 13
Life of Danton, 10, 507
Life of David Glasgow Farragut, 24,
1 1 14
Life of Deak, 17, 468
Life of Edward Livingston, 24, 1 113
Life of Edward Preble, 24, 11 13
Life of Elbridge Gerry, 24, 11 13
Life of Ferdinand Magellan and the
First Circumnavigation of the
Globe, 24, 1 107
Life of Francis Marion, 24, 11 11
Life of Francis Parkman, 24, 1108
Life of General George G. Meade, 24,
1 1 14
Life of General Thomas Pinckney,
34. 1 1 13
Life of General Winfield Scott, 24,
1113
Life of George Mason, 24, 11 13
Life of Gouverneur Morris, 24, n 13
Life of Henry A. Wise of Virginia,
24, 1 1 13
Life of Hugo Grotius, 13, 597
Life of Israel Putnam, 24, 11 11
Life of J. G. Birney, 24, 11 12
Life of Jackson, 24, 11 12
Life of James Madison, 24, 1113
Life of James Sullivan, 24, 11 13
Life of Jefferson Davis, 24, 11 12, 1114
Life of John J. Crittenden, 24, 11 13
Life of John Jay, 24, 11 12
Life of John Kalb, Major General in
the Revolutionary Army, 24, 11 11
Life of John Milton, and History of
His Time, 11, 648
Life of John of Barneveld, 13, 508
Life of John Quincy Adams, 24, 11 12
Life of John Randolph, 24, 11 12
Life of Joseph Brant, 24, 1111
Life of Joshua R. Giddings, 24, 11 13
Life of Lincoln, 24, 11 12
Life of Mahomet and History of
Islam, The, 1, 438
Life of Major General James Wolfe,
24, 1 1 10
Life of Major General John Muhlen-
berg, 24, mi
Life of Major General Sir Henry
Marion Durand, 5, 397
Life of Marcus Tullius Cicero, 3, 401
Life of Marshall, 24, 11 12
Life of Maximilian Robespierre, 10,
508
Life of Midhat Pasha, 13, 514
Life of Monroe, 24, 11 12
Life of Napoleon Bonaparte, 9, 499,
10, 510
Life of Napoleon I, 10, 509
Life of Napoleon III, The, 9, 497
Life of Nelson, 10, 509, 11, 647
Life of Nelson, the Embodiment of
the Sea Power of Great Britain, 10,
509
Life of O. P. Morton, 24, 11 14
Life of Oglethorpe, 24, 1110
Life of Paul Jones, 24, mi
Life of Prince Henry of Portugal,
surnamed the Navigator, 20, 400
Life of Robert Lord Clive, 5, 399
Life of Roger Williams, 24, 11 10
Life of St. Columba, 12, 381, 382
Life of St. Patrick, 12, 381
AUTHORS AND TITLES
989
Life of Saint Mary Magdalen, The,
25, 823
Life of Schuyler Colfax, 24, 11 14
Life of Seward, 24, 11 12
Life of Silas Wright, 24, 11 13
Life of Sir John Eliot, II, 646
Life of Sir Walter Raleigh, The, II,
646, 24, 1 1 10
Life of Sir William Johnson, 24, 11 10
Life of Stephen A. Douglas, 24, 11 12
Life of Stephen Decatur, 24, 11 13
Life of Stratford Canning, Viscount
Stratford de Redcliffe, 14, 514
Life of Tecumseh and of His Brother
the Prophet, 24, 11 13
Life of Thomas Hutchinson, Royal
Governor of the Province of Mas-
sachusetts Bay, 24, mi
Life of Thomas Paine, 24, mi
Life of Timothy Pickering, 24, n 13
Life of Van Buren, 24, n 12
Life of Viscount Palmerston, 11, 645
Life of W. E. Forster, 11, 648
Life of W. E. Gladstone, 11, 648, 24,
1 106
Life of W. L. Garrison, 24, 1112
Life of Webster, 24, n 12
Life of Wellington, 10, 509
Life of William III, 13, 599
Life of William Pitt, 11, 649
Life of Yancey, 24, n 12
Life of Young Sir Harry Vane, 24,
nio
Lifeguardsman, The, 25, 859
Light of Scarthey, The, 25, 866
Like a Rasen Fiddler, 25, 852
Like Another Helen, 25, 831
Liljencrantz, Ottilie A.:
Thrall of Leif the Lucky, The, 25,
845, 880
Vinland Champions, The, 25, 890
Ward of King Canute, The, 25,
846
Lilly, W. S.:
British India and its Problem, 5,
395
L'imperialisme Allemand, 18, 460
Lincoln's Plan of Reconstruction, 24,
1 106
Linder, Theodore:
Geschichte de deutschen Reiches
vom Ende des vierzehnten Jahr-
hunderts bis zur Reformation, 18,
455
Lindo, E. H.:
History of the Jews of Spain and
Portugal, 1, 440
Lindsay, Harry:
Jacobite, The, 25, 860
Lingard, John:
History of England, 11, 645
Lion Cub, The, 25, 877
Lion of Flanders, The, 25, 875
Lion of Janina, The, 25, 879
Lion of St. Mark, The, 25, 828
Lion of the North, The, 25, 893
Lion of Wessex, A, 25, 846
Lionel Lincoln, 25, 893
Lion's Brood, The, 25, 825
Lion's Whelp, The, 25, 857
List of Books with References to
Periodicals Relating to the Theory
of Colonization, Government of
Dependencies, etc., 19, 322
L'ltalia durante il domino austriaco,
4, 422
Literary History of America, 24, 1105
Literary History of India, 5, 394
Literary History of the American
Revolution, 24, 1105
Literatura Espanola en el Siglo
XIX, 8, 549
Literature of American History, 24,
1 103
Literature of American History, a
Bibliographical Guide, 21, 357
Literature of American History, Eu-
ropean Discovery and Early Explo-
ration, 21, 358
Literature of Southern Europe, 8, 549
Little, W. J. Knox:
Sketches and Studies in South
Africa, 19, 326
Little Captive Lad, A, 25, 857
Little Chief, The, 25, 890
Little Duke, The, 25, 834
Little Huguenot, The, 25, 839
Little Jarvis, 25, 895
Little Marquis of Brandenburg, The,
25, 884
Little Novels of Italy, 25, 828
Little Saint of God, The, 25, 840
Little Shepherd of Kingdom Come,
The, 25, 897
990
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Little Traitor to the South, A, 25,
898
Little Union Scout, A, 25, 899
Lively Adventures of Gavin Hamil-
ton, The, 25, 884
Livermore, F. L.:
Numbers and Losses, 24, 1113
Lives of Indian Officers, Illustrative
of the Civil and Military Services
of India, 5, 394
Livingstone, David:
Last Journals in Central Africa, 19,
326
Missionary Travels and Researches
in South Africa, 19, 326
Narrative of an Expedition to the
Zambezi and its Tributaries, 19,
326
Livy, Titus:
History of Rome, 3, 399
Lloyd, Henry Demarest:
Newest England: Notes of a Dem-
ocratic Traveller in New Zealand,
with Some Australian Compari-
sons, 20, 406
Lloyd, W. Watkiss:
Age of Pericles, The, 2, 557
Lochinvar, 25, 873
Lockhart, John Gibson:
Valerius, 25, 826
Lodge, Henry Cabot:
Alexander Hamilton, 24, nil
English Colonies in America, The,
24, 1 108
Life of Webster, 24, 11 12
Story of the Revolution, 24, 11 10
Washington, 24, mi
Loeb, Isidore:
German Colonial Fiscal System, 20,
397
Logan, J. A.:
Great Conspiracy, The, 24, 11 14
Logan, W.:
Malabar, 5, 398
London Pride, 25, 857
Long, G.:
Decline and Fall of the Roman Re-
public, 3, 400
Plutarch's Lives of Famous Greeks
and Romans, 3, 399
Long, J. D.:
American Navy, The, 24, 11 14
Long Night, The, 25, 877
Long Will, 25, 849
Longbeard; or, The Revolt of the
Saxons, 25, 848
Longfeather the Peacemaker, 25, 890
Longshoremen, The, 25, 865
Longstreet, J.:
From Manassas to Appomattox,
24, 1114
Lopez's Expeditions to Cuba, 1850,
1851, 22, 518
Lord Cromer, a Biography, 19, 324
Lord Edward Fitzgerald, 25, 870
Lord Hermitage, The, 25, 867
Lord of Dyneover, The, 25, 849
Lord of Gold, 24, 11 12
Lord of Lowedale, The, 25, 837, 878
Lord of the Dark Red Star, The, 25,
827
Lord of the Harvest, The, 25, 867
Lord of the Soil, A, 25, 835
Lord Protector, The, 25, 857
Lords of the North, 25, 887
Lords of the World, 25, 825
Lore of Cathay, 6, 327
Lorenzo Benoni, 25, 830
Lorenzo de' Medici, 4, 420
Loring, C. W.:
Nullification and Secession, 24, 1106
Lorna Doone, 25, 859
Lorraine, 25, 843
Los partidos en Colombia, 21, 360
Lossing, Benson John:
Life and Times of Philip Schuyler,
24, 1 1 11
Pictorial Field Book of the Revo-
lution, 24, IIIO
Pictorial Field Book of the War of
1812, 24, 1 1 12
Lost Cause, The, 24, 1113
Lost Lady of Old Years, A, 25, 874
Lost Land, The, 25, 870
Lost Pibroch, The, and other Shiel-
ing Stories, 25, 872
Lost Treasure of Trevlyn, The, 25.
854
Lothrop, T. K.:
William Henry Seward, 24, 1113
Lotz:
Virkehrsentwicklung in Deutsch-
land, 1800-1900, 18, 460
Louis XIV, 9, 497
AUTHORS AND TITLES
991
Louisiana Purchase and Our Title
West of the Rocky Mountains,
The, 24, 1 1 12
Loukis Laras, 25, 824
Love and Honour, 25, 842, 884
Love Chase, The, 25, 828
Love of Comrades, 25, 855, 869
Lover, Samuel:
Rory O'More, 25, 870
Treasure Trove, 25, 862
Lover Fugitive, The, 25, 859
Lovers of Yvonne, The, 25, 838
Low, C. R.:
History of the Indian Navy, 1613-
1863, 5, 394
Low, S. J. M., and Puling, F. S.:
Dictionary of English History, II,
645
Lowe, C:
Alexander III of Russia, 15, 389
Lowe, Charles :
Fallen Star, A, 25, 884
Prince Bismarck: an Historical
Biography, 18, 457
Lowell, A. G.:
Life and Times of Wendell Phillips,
24, 1 1 13
Lowell, A. Lawrence:
Colonial Civil Service: The Selec-
tion and Training of Colonial
Officials in Holland, England
and France, 20, 398
Government of Dependencies, 20,
411
Governments and Parties in Con-
tinental Europe, 9, 498
Lowell, Edward J.:
Eve of the French Revolution, 9,
498, 10, 508
Hessians in the Revolution, 24,
mo
Lowell, F. C:
Joan of Arc, 9, 498
Lower South, The, 24, 11 12
Lowery, Woodbury:
Spanish Settlements within the
Present Limits of the United
States, 1513-1561, 20, 402
Lowndes of South Carolina, 24, 1113
Lowth, Alys:
Daughter of the Transvaal, A, 25,
886
Loyal Little Maid, A, 25, 861, 873
Loyal Traitor, A, 25, 896
Loyalism in New York, 24, n 10
Loyalists in the Revolution, 24, 1110
Loyalists of America and Their
Times, 24, 11 10
Loyd, Lady Mary:
Ivan the Terrible, 15, 389
New Letters of Napoleon I, 9, 501
Peter the Great, 15, 389
Lubke, Wilhelm:
Outlines of the History of Art, 2,
558
Lucas, Annie:
City and the Castle, The, 25, 877
Lucas, Charles Prestwood:
Historical Geography of the British
Colonies, 20, 405
Luck of Barerakes, The, 25, 864
Luck of Gerald Ridgeley, The, 25,
885
Lucy Arden, 25, 861, 873
Ludlow, James Meeker:
Captain of the Janizaries, 25, 879
Deborah, 25, 822
Ludovic and Gertrude, 25, 876
Lugard, F. D.:
Rise of our East African Empire,
19, 323
Lumholtz, C:
Unknown Mexico, 22, 516
Lummis, Charles Fletcher:
Awakening of a Nation, The, 22, 516
Lundegard, Axel:
Storm Bird, The, 25, 882
Lusignan, Princess Annie de:
Twelve Years' Reign of Abdul
Hamid II, The, 14, 514
Luther, Mark Lee:
Favour of Princes, The, 25, 839
Luther, Martin, 18, 456
Liitzow, Count:
Bohemia, an Historical Sketch, 17,
466
Lyall, Sir Alfred Comyns:
Asiatic Studies, Religious and So-
cial, 5, 395
Rise of the British Dominion in
India, 5, 393
Lyall, David:
Heritage of the Free, The; or,
More than Conquerors, 25, 875
Lyall, Edna:
Hope the Hermit, 25, 859
992
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
In Spite of All, 25, 855
In the Golden Days, 25, 858
To Right the Wrong, 35, 855
Lychgate Hall, 25, 864
Lyman, Olim L.:
Trail of the Grand Seigneur, The,
35, 887
Lynch, George:
War of the Civilization, 6, 326
Lynch, H. F. B.:
Armenia, Travels and Sketches, 14,
515
Lysbeth, 25, 876
Lytton, Edward Bulwer, Earl:
Devereux, 25, 861
Eugene Aram, 25, 863
Harold; or, The Last of the Saxon
Kings, 25, 846
Last Days of Pompeii, The, 25,
826
Last of the Barons, The, 25, 850
Leila, 25, 833
Parisians, The, 25, 843
Pausanias, the Spartan, 25, 824
Rienzi, the Last of the Tribunes,
25, 827
Zanoni, 25, 829
M
Macaulay, Thomas Babington, Baron
Macaulay:
History of England from the Ac-
cession of James II, II, 647, 12,
381, 24, 1 106
M'Aulay, Allan:
Black Mary, 25, 875
Poor Sons of a Day, 25, 874
Rhymer, The, 25, 875
McCaleb, W. F.:
Aaron Burr Conspiracy, 24, 1106
McCall, S. W.:
Life of Thaddeus Stevens, 24, 1114
McCall, Sidney:
Breath of the Gods, The, 25, 833
McCarthy, Charles H.:
Lincoln's Plan of Reconstruction,
24, 1 106
McCarthy, Justin:
Christie Carew, 25, 871
Fair Saxon, A, 25, 870
History of Our Own Times, 1837-
1897, 11, 647, 12, 381
Ireland and Her Story, 12, 381
McCarthy, Justin Huntly:
Dryad, The, 25, 825
Flower of France, The, 25, 835
Lady of Loyalty House, The, 25,
855
Proud Prince, The, 25, 827
McChesney, Dora Greenwell:
Cornet Strong of Ireton's Horse,
25, 855
Kathleen Clare, 25, 869
Miriam Cromwell, Royalist, 25,
855
Rupert by the Grace of God, 25,
856
Yesterday's Tomorrow, 25, 857
McClellan, G. B.:
My Own Story, 24, 11 14
MacCoun, T.:
Historical Geography of the United
States, 24, 1 105
MacCrachan, W. D.:
Rise of the Swiss Republic, 13, 599
McCrady, Edward:
History of South Carolina under
the Proprietary Government, 24,
1 109
History of South Carolina under
the Royal Government, 24, 1109
South Carolina in the Revolution,
24, 1 1 10
M'Crindle, J. W.:
Invasion of India by Alexander the
Great as described by Arrian, Q.
Curtius, Diodorus, Plutarch and
Justin, 5, 398
McCulloch, H.:
Men and Measures of Half a Cen-
tury, 24, 1 1 13
McDerrte, W. A., and Bohn, W. G.:
Commentaries on the Gallic and
Civil Wars, 3, 399
Macdonald, Allan:
For Stark Love and Kindness, 35,
871
Macdonald, Duff:
Africana, 19, 326
Macdonald, George:
St. George and St. Michael, 25.
855
AUTHORS AND TITLES
993
Macdonald, James:
Myth and Religion, 19, 326
MacDonald, Ronald:
God Save the King, 25, 857
Sword of the King, The, 25, 859
Macdonald Lass, The, 25, 874
Macdonnell, A. A.:
History of Sanskrit Literature, 5,
398
McDonnell, R. W.:
Kathleen Mavourneen, 25, 870
Macfarlane, Charles:
Camp of Refuge, The, 25, 846
Dutch in the Medway, The, 25,
858 4
Legend of Reading Abbey, A, 25,
847
MacGahan, and Schuyler:
Turkish Atrocities in Bulgaria, 14,
515
McGary, E.:
American Girl in Mexico, 22, 516
McGee:
Popular History of Ireland, 12, 381
Macgowan, James:
History of China, 6, 325
MacGrath, Harold:
Grey Cloak, The, 25, 838
Machray, Robert:
Grace O'Malley, 25, 868
Sir Hector: the Story of a Scots
Gentleman, 25, 874
MTlwraith, Jean N., and M'Lennan,
William:
Span o' Life, The, 25, 887
Mackail, J. W.:
Latin Literature, 3, 402
Mackay, Charles:
Longbeard; or, the Revolt of the
Saxons, 25, 848
McKenzie, A. S.:
Life of Paul Jones, 24, mi
Life of Stephen Decatur, 24, 1113
Mackenzie, J.:
Scotland, 12, 382
Mackenzie, R.:
Sketch of the War with Tippoo
Sultaun, 5, 398
Mackenzie, W. C.:
Lady of Hirta, The, 25, 874
Mackenzie, W. L.:
Life and Times of Martin Van
Buren, 24, 11 13
Mackie, John:
Prodigal's Brother, The, 25, 888
Mackie, Mrs. P. B.:
Washingtonians, The, 25, 898
Mackinnon:
Union, 12, 383
Mackintosh :
History of Civilization in Scotland,
12, 382
McLaughlin, A. C:
Confederation, The, 24, nil
Life of Cass, 24, n 12
McLaws, Lafayette:
Jezebel, 25, 822
When the Land was Young, 25,
891
Maclay, A. C:
Mito Yashiki, 25, 833
Maclay, E. S.:
History of the United States Navy,
24, 1 105
M'Lennan, William:
Span o' Life, The, 25, 887
Spanish John, 25, 874
MacMahon, The, 25, 869
McManus, L.:
Lally of the Brigade, 25, 829
Nessa, 25, 869
Wager, The, 25, 869
MacManus, Seumas:
Lad of the O'Friels', A, 25, 870
McMaster, John Bach:
Benjamin Franklin, 24, nil
History of the People of the United
States, 24, 1 104
Macfnillan, Malcolm:
Dagonet the Jester, 25, 856
MacMurdo, M. M., and Monteiro, M.:
History of Portugal, 8, 547
McPherson, E.:
History of Reconstruction, 24, 11 14
Political History of the United
States During the Rebellion, 24,
1113
Macquaid, Katharine S.:
His Heart's Desire, 25, 837
Ward of the King, A, 25, 836
McRee, G. J.:
Life and Correspondence of James
Iredell, 24, 1111
M'Veys, The, 25, 897
Maberley, Mrs.:
Lady and the Priest, The, 25, 847
994
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Macedonian Empire, The, 2, 557
Machiavelli, N.:
History of Florence, the Prince, 4,
421
Madagascar and Its People, 19, 327
Madame Roland, 9, 500
Madame Therese, 25, 840
Madamscourt: Adventures of a Fugi-
tive Princess, 25, 861, 879
Made in Germany, 18, 460
Madeira and the Canary Islands, 8,
550
Madeiros, Tavares de:
Das Staatsrecht des Konigreichs
Portugal, 8, 548
Madeleine: a Tale of Auvergne, 25,
842
Madelon, 25, 843
Mademoiselle Mathilde, 25, 841
Mademoiselle Mori, 25, 830
Madison, James; Hamilton, Alex-
ander; and Jay, John:
Federalist, The, 24, 1105
Maelcho, 25, 869
Magdalen Hepburn, 25, 872
Magnus Sinclair, 25, 856
Magruder, A. B.:
Life of Marshall, 24, 11 12
Magyars, The, 17, 468
Mahaffy, John Pentland:
Alexander's Empire, 2, 557
Greek Life and Thought, 2, 558
Greek World Under the Roman
Sway, The, 2, 557
History of Classical Greek Litera-
ture, 2, 558
History of Egypt under the Ptole-
maic Dynasty, 1, 433
Old Greek Education, 2, 558
Old Greek Life, 2, 558
Social Life in Greece, 2, 558
Survey of Greek Civilization, 2,
558
Mahan, Alfred Thayer:
Influence of Sea Power upon His-
tory, 1660-1783, 5, 398, 9, 498, 10,
509, II, 647
Life of Nelson, the Embodiment of
the Sea Power of Great Britain,
10, 509, 11, 647
Mahon, Lord:
History of England, 1713-1783, 24,
1 106
Maid at Arms, The, 25, 892
Maid Marian, 25, 847
Maid of Florence, The, 25, 828
Maid of London Bridge, The, 25,
852
Maid of Maiden Lane, The, 25, 895
Maid of Montauks, 25, 891
Maid of Warsaw, The, 25, 879
Maid, Wife, or Widow?, 25, 885
Maiden and Married Life of Mary
Powell, The, 25, 856
Maids of Paradise, The, 25, 843
Mailla, J. A. M. de M. de:
Histoire generale de la Chine, 6,
325
Maitland, Alfred L.:
I Lived as I Listed, 25, 857
Major, Charles:
Dorothy Vernon of Haddon Hall,
25, 853
When Knighthood was in Flower,
25, 851
Major, Richard Henry:
Prince Henry the Navigator, 8, 547,
20, 400
Major Weir, 25, 873
Maker of Lenses, The, 25, 877
Makers of Modern Italy, The, 4, 422
Makgill, George:
Outside and Overseas, 25, 888
Making of Christopher Ferringham,
The, 25, 890
Making of England, The, 11, 646
Making of Hawaii: A Study in Evo-
lution, The, 20, 411
Making of New England, 24, 1108
Making of Pennsylvania, The, 24,
1 109
Malabar, 5, 398
Malcolm, Sir John:
History of Persia, 5, 401
Life of Robert, Lord Clive, 5, 399
Mallen, B.:
Mexico Yesterday and To-day,
1876-1904, 22, 516
Malleson, George Bruce:
Decisive Battles of India, 5, 399
Final French Struggles in India,
and the Indian Seas, 5, 399
History of the French in India,
from the founding of Pondicherry
in 1674 to the capture of that
place in 1761, 5, 399
AUTHORS AND TITLES
995
History of the Indian Mutiny,
1857-1858, 5, 399
Refounding of the German Empire,
1848-1871, 18, 458
Mallet, Charles E.:
French Revolution, The, 10, 507
Mailing, Mathilda:
Doha Ysabel, 25, 842
Romance of the First Consul, A,
25, 841
Malvern Chase, 25, 851
Mamzelle Fifine, 25, 889
Man at Odds, The, 25, 868
Man from Texas: a Western Ro-
mance, The, 25, 898
Man in Black, The, 25, 837
Man of His Age, A, 25, 836
Man of the People, A, 25, 843
Manasseh, 25, 830, 882
Man-at-Arms, A, 25, 828
Man-at-Arms, The, 25, 836
Manatt, J. Irving, and Tsountas,
Chrestas:
Mycenean Age, 2, 559
Manchester Man, The, 25, 866
Manchuria: Its People, Resources and
Recent History, 6, 326
Mann, J. S., and Traill, H. D.:
Social England, II, 649
Mann, Millicent E.:
Margot, the Court Shoemaker's
Child, 25, 838
Manners and Customs of Ancient Ire-
land, 12, 381
Manners and Customs of the Ancient
Egyptians, The, 1, 434
.Manners, Customs, etc., of the Amer-
ican Indians, 24, 1107
Manning, Anne:
Cherry and Violet, 25, 858
Claude the Colporteur, 25, 884
Colloquies of Edward Osborne,
The, 25, 851
Commentaries of Ser Pantaleone,
25, 829
Deborah's Diary, 25, 858
Diana's Crescent, 25, 864
Household of Sir Thomas More,
The, 25, 851
Jacques Bonneval, 25, 838
Maiden and Married Life of Mary
Powell, The, 25, 856
Noble Purpose Nobly Won, A, 25,
835
Passages in the Life of the Faire
Gospeller, Anne Askew, 25, 852
Man's Fear, A, 25, 880
Man's Foes, A, 25, 869
Mansfield, C. D.:
General Winfield Scott, 24, 11 13
Mantle of Elijah, The, 25, 867
Manual of Egyptian Archaeology, 1,
433
Manual of Roman Antiquities, 3, 402
Many Ways of Love, 25, 878
Manzoni, Alessandro:
Betrothed, The, 25, 829
Maori and Settler, 25, 888
Map of Africa by Treaty, The, 19,
322
Maps, Illustrating Early Discovery
and Exploration in America, 1502-
1530, 21, 358
March on London, A, 25, 850
Marchioness of Brinvilliers, The, 25,
838
Marcks, E.:
Germany and England: Their Re-
lations in the Great Crises of
European History, 1500-1900, 18,
458
Marco Visconti, 25, 828
Marcus, the Young Centurion, 25, 825
Margery, a Tale of Old Nuremberg,
25, 883
Margherita Pusterla, 25, 828
Margot, the Court Shoemaker's Child,
25, 838
Marguerite de Roberval, 25, 836, 886
Marguerite de Valois, 25, 836
Margueritte, Paul and Victor:
Commune, The, 25, 844
Disaster, The, 25, 844
Maria, de:
Bosquejo historico de Venezuela,
21, 360
Mariana, J. de:
Historia General de Espaha, 8, 548
Marie de Mancini, 25, 837
Marie of Lichtenstein, 25, 883
Marietta, 25, 828
Marius the Epicurean, 25, 826
Markham, Sir Clement Robert:
Fighting Veres, The, 13, 598
996
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
History of Persia, 5, 401
Life of Christopher Columbus, 24,
1 107
Paladins of Edwin the Great, 25,
845
Marlani, M. de:
Histoire Politique de l'Espagne
Moderne, suivie d'un Aper<;u sur
les Finances, 8, 548
Marquis, T. G.:
Marquerite de Roberval, 25, 836,
886
Marriage, Caroline:
Luck of Barerakes, The, 25, 864
Marriott, J. A. R.:
Makers of Modern Italy, 4, 422
Marryat, Mrs. F. T.:
Romance of the Lady Arbell, 25,
854
Marryat, Frederick:
Children of the New Forest, The,
25, 856
King's Own, The, 25, 864
Snarleyyow; or, The Dog Fiend,
25, 860
Marsena and other Stories, 25, 898
Marsh, Anne:
Father Darcy, 25, 854
Marsh, John B.:
For Liberty's Sake, 25, 860
Life and Adventures of Robin
Hood, The, 25, 848
Marshall, Beatrice:
His Most Dear Ladye, 25, 853
Old Blackfriars, 25, 855
Siege of York, The, 25, 855
Marshall, Emma:
Bristol Diamonds, 25, 864
By the North Sea, 25, 860
Castle Meadow, 25, 864
Haunt of Ancient Peace, A, 25, 856
In Colston's Days: a Story of Old
Bristol, 25, 856
In Four Reigns, 25, 866
In the Service of Rachael, Lady
Russell, 25, 858
In Westminster Choir, 25, 858
Kensington Palace, 25, 860
No. XIII; or, The Story of the
Lost Vestal, 25, 845
On the Banks of the Ouse, 25,
863
Penshurst Castle, 25, 853
Under Salisbury Spire, 25, 854
Under the Dome of St. Paul's, 25,
861
Under the Mendips, 25, 867
White King's Daughter, The, 25,
857
Winchester Meads, 25, 859
Winifrede's Journal, 25, 854
Young Queen of Hearts, The, 25,
854
Marshman, J. C:
History of India from the Earliest
Period to the Close of Lord Dal-
housie's Administration, 5, 393
Martin, Ewan:
Dauntless, 25, 855, 869
Martin, R. M.:
British Colonies, their History, Ex-
tent, Conditions and Resources,
5, 395
Indian Empire, 5, 395
Martin, William Alexander Parsons:
Chinese, The: Their Education,
Philosophy, and Letters, 6, 327
Cycle of Cathay, 6, 328
Lore of Cathay, The, 6, 327
Report of the System of Public
Instruction in China, 6, 328
Siege of Peking, 6, 326
Martineau, Harriet:
History of England during the
Thirty Years' Peace, A, 11, 647
History of England from the Be-
ginning of the XIX. Century to
the Crimean War, 24, 1106
Hour and the Man, The, 25, 889
Settlers at Home, The, 25, 856
Society in America, 24, 11 12
Marvin, A. P.:
Life and Times of Cotton Mather,
24, 1 1 10
Mary Hamilton, 25, 872
Mary of Burgundy, 25, 875
Mary of Lorraine, 25, 872
Mary Paget, 25, 886
Mary Queen of Scots and Her Ac-
cusers, 12, 383
Maryland as a Proprietary Province,
24, 1 109
Masni, Theodore:
L'Etat Independent du Congo a
L'Exposition de Bruxelles-Terv-
neren, en 1897, *9> 3 2 3
AUTHORS AND TITLES
997
Mason, Arthur Edward Woodley:
Clementina, 25, 861, 879
Courtship of Morrice Buckler, The,
25, 859, 881
Four Feathers, The, 25, 885
Parson Kelly, 25, 861
Mason, W. B.:
Hand-book for Travelers in Japan,
7. 331
Maspero, Gaston Camille Charles:
Manual of Egyptian Archaeology,
if 433
Passing of the Empires, 850-330 B.
C, 1, 431
Massacre of St. Bartholomew, The,
9, 500
Massey, William Nathaniel:
History of England during the
Reign of George III, xi, 648, 24,
1 106
Masson, Davis:
Life of John Milton, and History
of His Time, ix, 648
Master Beggars, The, 25, 876
Master Mosaic Workers, The, 25,
829
Master of Ballantrae, The, 25, 874
Master of Gray, The, 25, 872
Master of the Strong Hearts, 25,
899
Master of Warlock, The, 25, 897
Master Skylark, 25, 854
Masterpieces of Greek Sculpture, 2,
558
Masters of the World, 25, 826
Matabeleland: the War and our Po-
sition in South Africa, 19, 321
Mather, Z.
Wonderful Story of Agnes and the
White Dove, The: a Tradition of
Wales, 25, 868
Mathers, E. P.:
Zambesia: England's El-Dorado in
Africa, 19, 326
Mathew, Frank:
Defender of the Faith, 25, 851
Love of Comrades, The, 25, 855,
869
One Queen Triumphant, 25, 853, 872
Royal Sisters, The, 25, 852
Spanish Wine, The, 25, 868
Wood of the Brambles, The, 25,
870
Mathews, Shailer:
French Revolution, The, 9, 498, 10,
507
Matthews, Franklin:
New-Born Cuba, The, 22, 518
Matthews, J. W.:
Inwadi Yami, 19, 326
Mauer, Konrad:
Island von seiner ersten Entdeck-
ung bis zum Untergange des
Freistaates, 16, 346
Maurer, S. O.:
Nordische Altertumskunde, 16, 348
Maurice, C. E.:
Bohemia from the Earliest Times
to 1620, X7, 466
Maurice Mystery, 25, 892
Maurice Tiernay, the Soldier of For-
tune, 25, 842, 870
Mawkin of the Flow, The, 25, 871
Max Kromer, 25, 844
Max Thornton, 25, 886
Maximilian in Mexico, 22, 517
Maxwell, Sir Herbert Eustace:
Bruce, 12, 383
Chevalier of the Splendid Crest,
The, 25, 871
Duke of Britain, A, 25, 845, 871
Maxwell, W. H.:
Bivouac, 25, 865
Life of Wellington, 19, 509
Stories of Waterloo, 25, 866
Maxwell, Sir William Stirling:
Don John of Austria, 13, 598, 14,
514
May, Sir Thomas Erskine:
Constitutional History of England
since the Accession of George
III, 11, 648
Maya: a Story of Yucatan, 25, 889
Mayer:
Geschichte Oesterreichs, 17, 465
Oesterreichische Geschichte fur das
Volk, 17, 465
Mayers, William Frederick:
Treaties Between the Empire of
China and Foreign Powers, 6,
326
Mayes, Edward:
J. Q. C. Lamar, 24, n 14
Mayo, Isabella Fyvie:
Daughter of the Klephts, A, 25,
825
998
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Mazade, Charles de:
L'Espagne Moderne, 8, 548
Mazeppa, 25, 877
Mazzini, Giuseppi:
Life and Writings, 4, 422
Mead, William:
Old Churches, Ministers, and Fam-
ilies of Virginia, 24, 1 109
Meade, B. R.:
Life of General George G. Meade,
24, 1 1 14
Medhurst, Walter Henry:
China: Its State and Prospects, 6,
329
Mediaeval Garland, A, 25, 834
Mediaeval Scotland (1093-1513), 12,
383
Mediation of Ralph Hardelot, The,
25, 850
Meigs, W. M.:
Growth of the Constitution, 24,
1 106
Meinecke, Gustav:
Die deutschen Kolonien in Wort
und Bild, 19, 323, 20, 410
Meinhold, Wilhelm:
Amber Witch, The, 25, 883
Sidonia the Sorceress, 25, 883
Meinsma, J. J.:
Geschiedenis van de Nederlandsche
Post-Indische Bezittingen, 5, 399
Mellichampe, 25, 893
Meltzer, O.:
Geschichte der Karthage, I, 436
Melville, G. J. Whyte:
Cerise, 25, 839
Gladiators, The, 25, 823, 826
Holmby House, 25, 856
Interpreter, The, 25, 867, 882
Katerfelto, 25, 863
Queen's Maries, The, 25, 872
Sarchedon: a Tale of the Great
Queen, 25, 821
Sister Louise, 25, 838
Member for Paris, The, 25, 843
Memoir (Talleyrand-Perigord), 9,
502, 10, 510
Memoir of General James Ogle-
thorpe, 24, 1 1 10
Memoir of Roger Williams, 24, 11 10
Memoir of the Life of John Charles
Fremont, 24, n 13
Memoir of the Life of Richard Henry
Lee, 24, mi
Memoir of the Services of the Ben-
gal Artillery, 5, 394
Memoir of William Penn, 24, 1110
Memoire Autobiografiche, 4, 421
Memoires, 17, 467
Memoires sur la vie privee de Dan-
ton, 10, 508
Memoirs (Barras), 10, 508
Memoirs (Bonaparte), 10, 509
Memoirs (Eugene), 18, 457
Memoirs (Grant), 24, 11 14
Memoirs (Greville), 11, 647
Memoirs (Remusat), 9, 501
Memoirs (Sheridan), 24, 1114
Memoirs (Sully), 9, 502
Memoirs, 1773-1815, 18, 458
Memoirs de Napoleon Bonaparte, 9,
Soo
Memoirs of a Cavalier, 25, 893
Memoirs of a Physician, 25, 840
Memoirs of Paul Kruger, Four Times
President of the South African Re-
public, 19, 323
Memoirs of Spain during the Reigns
of Philip IV and Charles II (1621-
1700), 8, 546
Memoirs of the American Revolution
so Far as It Related to North and
South Carolina and Virginia, 24,
1110
Memoirs of the Court, Aristocracy
and Diplomacy of Austria, 18, 459
Memoirs of the House of Branden-
burg and History of Prussia dur-
ing Seventeenth and Eighteenth
Centuries, 18, 458
Memoirs of the Kings of Spain of
the House of Bourbon from the
Accession of Philip V to the Death
of Charles III (1700-1788), 8, 546
Memoirs of the Operations of the
British Army in India during the
Maratha War, 1817-1819, 5, 395
Memoirs of the Reign of Louis XIV
and the Regency, The, 9, 502
Memorials and Correspondence of
Charles J. Fox, 10, 509
Memories du Cardinal Bernis, 17, 467
Men and Measures of Half a Cen-
tury, 24, 1 1 13
AUTHORS AND TITLES
999
Men, Mines and Animals in South
Africa, 19, 325
Men of the Moss-Hags, The, 25, 873
Men, Women, and Manners in Co-
lonial Times, 24, 1109
Menant, Joachim:
Les langues perdues de la Perse et
de l'Assyrie, 1, 435
Mendes, A. Lopes:
India Portuguesa, A, 8, 548
Menendezy, Pelayo:
Historia de las Ideas Esteticas en
Espana, 8, 549
La Cienca Espahola, 8, 549
Meneval, Baron:
Napoleon et Marie Louise, 10, 509
Menotah, 25, 888
Menzies, Sutherland:
Turkey, Old and New, 14, 513
Mercedes of Castile, 25, 833, 890
Merchant and the Friar, The, 25, 849
Merchant of Haarlem, The, 25, 876
Mercier, Mrs. Jerome:
Romans in Britain, The, 25, 845
Meredith, George:
Farina, 25, 882
Vittoria, 25, 830
Merejkowski, Dmitri:
Death of the Gods, The, 25, 827
Forerunner, The, 25, 828
Peter and Alexis, 25, 877
Mereness, N. D.:
Maryland as a Proprietary Prov-
ince, 24, 1 109
Merimee, Prosper:
Chronicle of the Reign of Charles
IX, 25, 836
Merivale, Charles:
Fall of the Roman Republic, The,
3, 400
General History of Rome, 4, 420
History of Romans under the Em-
pire, 3, 400
Roman Triumvirates, The, 3, 400
Merivale, Herman:
Lectures on Colonization Deliv-
ered before the University of Ox-
ford in 1839, 1840 and 1841, 20,
398
Merriam, C. E.:
History of American Political The-
ories, 24, 1 1 10
Merriman, Henry Seton:
Barlasch of the Guard, 25, 842, 878
Flotsam, 25, 832
In Kedar's Tents, 25, 834
Isle of Unrest, The, 25, 843
Last Hope, The, 25, 843
Velvet Glove, The, 25, 834
Vultures, The, 25, 879
Merry Adventures of Robin Hood,
25, 848
Merry-Mount, 25, 890
Mervyn Clitheroe, 25, 866
Merwin, Samuel:
Road to Frontenac, The, 25, 887
Messerschmidt, L.:
Die Hittiter, I, 436
Mets, J. A.:
Naval Heroes of Holland, 13, 598
Metternich, Prince:
Memoirs, 1773-1815, 18, 458
Nachgelassene Papiere, 10, 509
Oesterreichs Theilnahme an den
Befreiungskriegen, 17, 467
Mexican and Central American An-
tiquities, 22, 515
Mexican Civilization, 21, 357
Mexican Resources, 22, 517
Mexico al traves de los siglos, 22,
517
Mexico and the Mexicans, 22, 516
Mexico and the United States, 22,
517
Mexico as I Saw It, 22, 517
Mexico in Transition, 22, 515
Mexico independiente, 1821-1855, 22,
517
Mexico: Its Progress and Commer-
cial Possibilities, 22, 516
Mexico: Its Social Evolution, 22, 517
Mexico: Its Trade, Industries, and
Resources, 22, 516
Mexico To-day, 22, 515
Mexico under Maximilian, 22, 516
Mexico Yesterday and To-day, 1876-
1904, 22, 516
Meyer, Annie Nathan:
Robert Annys, Poor Priest, 25, 849
Meyer, C. F.:
Der Heilige, 25, 847
Jurg Jenatsch, 25, 877
Meyer, Edward:
Aegyptische Chronologie, I, 433
1000
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Die Entstehung der Judenthums, I,
440
Geschichte des alten Aegyptens,
I. 433
Geschichte des Alterthums, i, 431
Meyrick, F.:
Church in Spain, The, 8, 548
Micah Clarke, 25, 859
Michelet, Jules:
History of the French Revolution,
9, 498
Middendorf, E. W.:
Peru, Beobachtungen und Studien
liber das Land und seine Be-
wohner, 31, 360
Middle Kingdom, 6, 325
Middle Period, The, 24, 1 112
Middleton, J. H.:
Remains of Ancient Rome, The, 3,
402
Midhat, Ali Haydar:
Life of Midhat Pasha, 14, 514
Midshipman Farragut, 25, 896
Midshipman Paulding, 25, 896
Midshipman Stuart, 25, 896
'Midst the Wild Carpathians, 25, 881
Mignet, F. A.:
French Revolution, The, 9, 498
Mikado's Empire, 7, 331
Miles, H. H.:
History of Canada Under French
Regime, 24, 1107
Militarism and Democracy, 20, 411
Military History of the Civil War,
24, 1 1 13
Military History of the Madras En-
gineers and Pioneers from 1743 up
to the Present Time, 5, 394
Military Operations of General Beau-
regard, 24, 1 1 14
Mill, J.:
History of British India, 5, 393
Miller, Thomas:
Fair Rosamond, 25, 847
Royston Gower; or, The Days of
King John, 25, 848
Miller, William:
Balkans, The, 14, 513
Mills, L. H., and Darmesteter, James:
Zend Avesta, The, in Sacred Books
of the East, 1, 437
Mills of God, The, 25, 895
Milman, H. H.:
History of the Jews from the Earli-
est Period to the Present Time,
1, 440
Milne, J. Grafton:
History of Egypt under Roman
Rule, 1, 433
Milner, Sir Alfred:
England in Egypt, 11, 648, 19, 323
Milyoukov, Paul:
Russia and its Crisis, 15, 390
Miner, Charles:
History of Wyoming, 24, 1109
Miner, Luella:
Two Heroes of Cathay, 6, 326
Mines of Mexico, The, 22, 517
Minister's Wooing, The, 25, 895
Minot, G. R.:
Continuation of the History of the
Province of Massachusetts Bay,
1748-1765, 24, 1 108
History of the Insurrection in
Massachusetts in the Year of
1786, and the Rebellion Conse-
quent Thereon, 24, mi
Minto, William:
Mediation of Ralph Hardelot, The,
35, 850
Mirabeau, 9, 500
Miriam Cromwell, Royalist, 25, 855
Mischief of a Glove, The, 25, 853
Mis'ess Joy, 25, 866
Misfortunes of Elphin, The, 25, 868
Miss Angel, 25, 863
Mission Methods in Manchuria, 6,
329
Missionary Travels and Researches
in South Africa, 19, 326
Mississippi Basin, The, 24, 11 12
Mississippi Bubble, The, 25, 839, 892
Mistress Barbara Cunliffe, 25, 867
Mistress Brent, 25, 890
Mistress Dorothy Marvin, 25, 859
Mistress Spitfire, 25, 855
Mitchell, Silas Weir:
Adventures of Francois, The, 25,
841
Hugh Wynne, Free Quaker, 25,
894
Roland Blake, 25, 898
Mitford, Bertram:
Aletta, 25, 886
AUTHORS AND TITLES
1001
Gun Runner, The, 25, 885
Haviland's Chum, 25, 885
Induna's Wife, The, 25, 885
King's Assegai, The, 25, 885
Luck of Gerald Ridgeley, The, 25,
885
Romance of the Cape Frontier, A,
25, 885
Sign of the Spider, The, 25, 885
'Tween Snow and Fire, 25, 885
Word of the Sorceress, The, 25,
885
Mitford, William:
History of Greece, 2, 556
Mito Yashiki, 25, 833
Mittelamerikanische Reisen und Stu-
dien aus den Jahren 1888 bis 1900,
22, SI7
Mile, de la Seighiere, 25, 843
Model Republic, The, 13, 599
Modern Germany, 18, 457
Modern Greece, 2, 557
Modern Italy, 4, 422
Modern Legionary, A, 25, 844
Modern Spain, 1788-1898, 8, 547
Moe, J., and Asbjornsen, P. C:
Norse Folke-og Huldre-eventyr og
Folkesagn, 16, 347
Moekler-Ferryman, A. F.:
British West Africa, its Rise and
Progress, 19, 326
Mogul Emperors of Hindustan, 5,
397
Mohammedan Dynasties; Chronolog-
ical and Genaeological Tables, with
Historical Introductions, The, 1,
438, 8, 545
Mohawks, 25, 862
Mohun, 25, 899
Moji-no-Shirube; a Practical Intro-
duction to the Study of the Jap-
anese Writing, 7, 333
Molander, Harold:
Fortune-Hunter, The, 25, 884
Molesworth, William Nassau:
History of England from the Year
1830 to 1874, 11, 648
Moltke, Helmuth von:
Franco-German War of 1870-1871,
9, 501, 18, 458
Molyneux :
Case of Ireland, 12, 382
Molyneux, W. C. F.:
Campaigning in South Africa and
Egypt, 19, 326
Mommsen, Theodor:
History of Rome, 3, 399, 4, 420
Provinces of the Roman Empire, 3,
402, 8, 548
Romisches Staatsrecht, 3, 402
Monastery, The, 25, 872
Money, J. W. B.:
Java; or How to Manage a Col-
ony: Showing a Practical Solu-
tion of the Questions Now Af-
fecting British India, 20, 409
Monk of Fife, A, 25, 835
Monnard, Muller, and Vulliemin:
Histoire de la Suisse, 13, 599
Monroe, Forest:
Maid of Montauks, 25, 891
Monsier Martin, 25, 861, 880
Monsieur de Chauvelin's Will, 25,
840
Monsieur le Capitaine Douay, 25, 876
Monstrelet:
Chronicles, 9, 501
Montcalm and Wolfe, 20, 408, 24,
1 104
Montefiore, C. G.:
Lectures on the Origin and Growth
of Religion as Illustrated by the
Religion of the Ancient Hebrews,
1, 440
Monteiro, M., and MacMurdo, M. M.:
History of Portugal, 8, 547
Montelius, Oscar:
Civilization of Sweden in Heathen
Times, 16, 346
Montelius, P.:
Sveriges Historia fram aldsta Yid
till vara Dagar, 16, 346-
Montesquieu, 9, 499
Montevideo e la republica del Uru-
guay, 21, 360
Montezuma's Daughter, 25, 889
Montgomery, K. L.:
Cardinal's Pawn, The, 25, 829
Major Weir, 25, 873
Monuments de l'Egypte et de la Nu-
bie, 1, 432
Monuments de Ninive, 1, 434
Monuments of Nineveh, 1, 434
Moonfleet, 25, 863
1002
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Moore, C. H.:
Treason of Charles Lee, 24, 11 11
Moore, Dorothea:
Brown: a Story of Waterloo Year,
25, 866
Moore, Frank:
Rebellion Record, The, 24, 11 13
Songs and Ballads of the Ameri-
can Revolution, 24, mi
Moore, Frank Frankfort:
Castle Omeragh, 25, 869
Fatal Gift, The, 25, 863
Jessamy Bride, The, 25, 863
Nell Gwyn, Comedian, 25, 858
Nest of Linnets, A, 25, 863
Moore, J. E. S.:
Tanganyika Problem, The, 19, 326
Moore, John Bassett:
History and Digest of the Interna-
tional Arbitrations to which the
United States has been a Party,
24, 1 105
Political Relations of the United
States with the Far East, 20, 411
Moore, Thomas:
Epicurean, The, 25, 821
Morel, Edmund D.:
King Leopold's Rule in Africa, 19,
326
Morey, William C:
Outlines of Greek History, 2, 556
Outlines of Roman Law, compris-
ing its History, Growth and Gen-
eral Principles, 3, 402
Morfill, W. R.:
Story of the Nations, 15, 390
Morgan, L. H.:
Ancient Society, 24, 1107
Morgan's Men, 25, 894
Morier, James Justinian:
Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispa-
han, 25, 822
Morison, T.:
Imperial Rule in India, being an
Examination of the Principles
Proper to the Government of De-
pendencies, 5, 394
Morley, John:
Burke, 11, 648, 24, 11
Cromwell, 11, 648
Diderot and the Encyclopaedists,
9, 498
Life of W. E. Gladstone, 11, 648,
24, 1 106
Rousseau, 9, 498, 10, 508
Voltaire, 9, 498, 10, 508
Walpole, 11, 648
Mormon Prophet, The, 25, 896
Morris, Gouverneur:
Aladdin O'Brien, 25, 897
Diary and Letters, 9, 501, 10, 508
Morris, Henry C:
History of Colonization from the
Earliest Times to the Present
Day, 20, 399
Morris, J.:
Japan and its Trade, 7, 333
Morris, Robert, 24, nil, 1113
Morris, W. O'Connor:
Campaign of 1815, The, 10, 509
French Revolution and the First
Empire, The, 10, 507
Hannibal, 3, 401
Ireland, 1498-1868, 12, 381
Napoleon, 10, 509
Morris, William:
Dream of John Ball, The, 25, 850
Morrison, G. E.:
Austrian in China, An, 6, 329
Morse, John T.:
Benjamin Franklin, 24, mi
Life of Abraham Lincoln, 24, 1114
Life of John Quincy Adams, 24,
1112
Thomas Jefferson, 24, mi
Morse-Stephens, H.:
Portugal, 8, 545
Moscow, 25, 840, 878
Moses, Bernard:
Establishment of Spanish Rule in
America, 20, 401, 24, 1107
Mosquera:
Los partidos en Colombia, 21, 360
Mossbach:
Bolivia, 21, 359
Mosse:
Dom Pedro II, 21, 360
Mosses from an Old Manse, 25, 89.2
Most Famous Loba, The, 25, 834
Motley, John Lothrop:
Correspondence, 13, 598
History of the United Netherlands,
13, 598
Life of John of Barneveld, 13, 598
AUTHORS AND TITLES
1003
Merry-Mount, 25, 890
Rise of the Dutch Republic, 13, 598
Moule, Arthur Evans:
New China and Old, 6, 329
Moulton, Richard Green:
Ancient Classical Drama, 2, 558
Moultrie, William:
Memoirs of the American Revolu-
tion so Far as it Related to
North and South Carolina, and
Virginia, 24, 11 10
Mountain Patriots, The, 25, 877
Mountaineering, 13, 599
Movers, Franz Karl:
Die Phonizier, 1, 436
Die punischen Texte im Pcenules
des Plautaus kritisch gewiirdigt
und erklart, I, 436
Phonizien, in Allg. Encyclop. von
Ersch und Gruber, 1, 436
Phonizische Texte erklart, 1, 436
Mowry, William Augustus:
Territorial Growth of the United
States, 20, 411
MS. in the Red Box, The, 25, 854
Muddock, J. E.:
Basile the Jester, 25, 872
In the King's Favor, 25, 872
Kate Cameron of Brux, 25, 871
Sweet Dol of Haddon Hall, 25,
853
Mueller, Wilhelm:
Political History of Recent Times
(1816-1875), with Special Refer-
ence to Germany, 18, 458
Miihlbach, Louise:
Andreas Hofer, 25, 882
Berlin and Sans Souci, 25, 884
Henry VIII and his Court: or,
Catherine Parr, 25, 852
Miihlbrecht:
Wegweiser durch die neuere Liter-
atur der Rechts- und Staatswis-
sens Chaften, 17, 465
Muhlenberg, H. A.:
Life of Major General John Muhl-
enberg, 24, mi
Muir, John:
Original Sanskrit Texts on the
Origin and History of the Peo-
ple of India, their Religion and
Institutions, 5, 399
Muir, Sir William:
Caliphate, its Rise, Decline, and
Fall, The, 1, 438
Life of Mahomet and History of
Islam, 1, 438
Muir head, J.:
Historical Introduction to the Pri-
vate Law of Rome, 3, 402
Mulford, I. A.:
Civil and Political History of New
Jersey, A, 24, 1109
Muller, August:
Der Islam in Morgen- und Abend-
land, 1, 438, 5, 393
Muller, F. Max:
History of Ancient Sanskrit Lit-
erature, 5, 399
Lecture on the Origin and Growth
of Religion as illustrated by the
Religion of India, 5, 399
Muller, Monnard, and Vulliemin:
Histoire de la Suisse, 13, 599
Muller, S. O.:
Norges Land og Folk, 16, 348
Mullins, J. W.:
Wonderful Story of Uganda, 19,
323
Mummy: Chapters on Egyptian Fu-
neral Archaeology, The, 1, 432
Munch, P. A.:
Det Norske Folks Historie, 16,
346
Mundt, Mrs. C. M.: see Miihlbach,
Louise
Munro, Neil:
Children of Tempest, 25, 875
Gilian the Dreamer, 25, 875
John Splendid, 25, 856, 873
Lost Pibroch, The, and other
Shieling Stories, 25, 872
Shoes of Fortune, The, 25, 874
Munroe, Kirk:
At War with Pontiac, 25, 892
Flamingo Feather, The, 25, 890
Longfeather the Peacemaker, 25,
890
Midshipman Stuart, 25, 896
Through Swamp and Glade, 25,
896
White Conquerors of Mexico, The,
25, 889
With Crockett and Bowie, 25, 896
1004
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Muratori, L. A.:
Annali d'ltalia, 4, 420
Murdock, Harold:
Reconstruction of Europe, The, 18,
458
Murdock, James, and Yamagata, Isoh:
History of Japan during the Cen-
tury of Early Foreign Inter-
course, 7, 332
Miirdter, F., and Delitzsch, Fried-
rich:
Geschichte Babyloniens und Assyr-
iens, 1, 435
Murray, A. .:
Commercial Relations between
England and Ireland, 12, 381
Murray, David:
Japan, 7, 332
Murray, David Christie, and Henry
Herman:
One Traveller Returns, 25, 844
Murray, E. C. Grenville:
Member for Paris, The, 25, 843
Murray, R. W.:
South Africa from Arab Domina-
tion to British Rule, 19, 323
Musgrave, George Clarke:
In South Africa with Buller, 19,
323
Musick, John R.:
Columbia, 25, 890
Musson, G. P., and Roxburgh, T. L.:
Hand-Book of Jamaica, 22, 518
Musters, Mrs. Chaworth:
Cavalier Stronghold, A, 25, 856
Mutineer, The, 25, 888
My Dark Companions and their
Strange Stories, 19, 327
My Friend Anne, 25, 851
My Lady Joanna, 25, 849
My Lady Laughter, 25, 893
My Lady of Orange, 25, 876
My Lady of the Bass, 25, 859
My Lady of the North, 25, 899
My Lady Pokahontas, 25, 892
My Lady Rotha, 25, 893
My Lord Winchenden, 25, 858
My Lords of Strogue, 25, 870
My Mistress the Queen, 25, 859
My Own Story, 24, 11 14
My Wanderings in Persia, 5, 401
Mycenaean Civilization, 2, 558
Mycenean Age, The, 2, 559
Mysteries of Marseilles, The, 25, 843
Myth and Religion, 19, 326
Myths and Languages, 22, 515
Myths of Greece and Rome, 2, 558
N
Nachgelassene Papiere, 10, 509
Nama, Mustapha:
Annals, 1591-1659, 14, 514
Nameless Castle, The, 25, 882
Nameless Nobleman, A, 25, 891
Nancy Stair, 25, 875
Nansen, Fridtjof:
Norway and the Union with Swe-
den, 16, 346
Naomi, 25, 823
Napier, Mrs. Alexander:
Memoirs, 1773-1815, 18, 458
Napier, Sir Charles:
William the Conqueror, 25, 846
Napier, Sir William Francis Patrick:
History of War in the Peninsula
and the South of France, 8, 548,
10, 509
Napoleon (Morris), 10, 509
Napoleon (Rose), 9, 499
Napoleon and English Commerce, 10,
509
Napoleon at St. Domingo, 10, 508
Napoleon Bonaparte's First Cam-
paign, 10, 510
Napoleon et Marie Louise, 10, 509
Napoleon the First, 9, 497, 10, 509
Napoleon, tne First Phase, 10, 510
Napoleon, the Last Phase, 9, 499
Napoleon III, Emperor of the
French :
History of Julius Caesar, 3, 401
Napoleon's Addresses, 9, 502
Napoleon's Invasion of Russia, 10,
509
Napoleon's letters to Josephine, 10,
508
Napoleon's Love Story, 25, 842, 879
Napoleon's Plans for a Colonial Sys-
tem, 10, 510
Napp:
Die argentinische Republik Buenos-
Ayres, 31, 359
Narcissus, 25, 824
Narration of the Campaign in India
AUTHORS AND TITLES
1005
which terminated the War with
Tippoo Sultan in 1792, 5, 397
Narrative and Critical History of
America, 31, 358, 24, 1103, 1105
Narrative of an Expedition to the
Zambesi and its Tributaries, 19,
326
Narrative of Further Excavations at
Zimbabje, 19, 327
Narrative of Hernando de Soto, 24,
1 107
Narrative of the Siege and Capture
of Bhurtfore, 5, 396
Narrative of the Transactions in Ben-
gal from 1760-1764, 5, 400
Natalia, 19, 322
Native Races of the Pacific States of
North America, The, 22, 515, 24,
1 107
Naturalist in Nicaragua, The, 22, 515
Nature and Man in America, 24, 1107
Naval Heroes of Holland, 13, 598
Naval War of 1812, The, 24, 11 12
Navigation Laws, 24, I no
Naylor, James Ball:
Sign of the Prophet, The, 25, 896
Neaera, 25, 825
Neal, Daniel:
History of the Puritans, 24, 1109
Neale, J. M.:
Egyptian Wanderers, The, 25, 827
Theodora Phranza, 25, 879
Near the Tsar, near Death, 25, 878
'Neath the Hoof of the Tartar, 25,
881
Ned Leger, 25, 862
Needham, J. G.:
War on the Rhine Frontier, The,
18, 458
Negotiations of Sir Thomas Roe, 14,
515
Negotiations Preceding the Peace of
Luneville, The, 10, 509
Negro in Maryland, The, 24, n 12
Negroes and Negro Slavery, 24, n 12
Neill, Edward Duffield:
Founders of Maryland, 24, 1 109
History of the Virginia Company,
of London, 24, 1109
Neill, James George Smith:
Historical Record of the Madras
European Regiment, 5, 394
Neilsen, Yngvar:
Norges Histoire efter 1814, 16, 346
Nell Gwyn, Comedian, 25, 858
Nelson, J. H.:
View of the Hindu Law as admin-
istered by the High Court of
Judicature at Madras, 5, 399
Nero, 25, 826
Nessa, 25, 869
Nest of Linnets, A, 25, 863
Neue Bilder aus dem Leben des
deutschen Volkes, 18, 457
New Account of the East Indies, 5,
397
New Border Tales, The, 25, 873
New-Born Cuba, The, 22, 518
New Brazil: Its Resources and At-
tractions, Historical, Descriptive,
and Industrial, The, 21, 360
New Canterbury Tales, 25, 849
New Chapters in Greek History, 2,
558
New China and Old, 6, 329
New England Cactus, A, 25, 890
New Era in Old Mexico, 22, 516
New History of Painting in Italy,
from the Second to the Sixteenth
Centuries, A, 4, 421
New Landlord, The, 25, 882
New Letters of Napoleon I, 9, 501
New Light on Dark Africa, 19, 323
New South, The, 24, 1113, 1114
New World, The, 21, 358
New York (Roberts), 24, 1109
New York (Roosevelt), 24, 1109
Newbolt, Henry:
Taken from the Enemy, 25, 866
Newcomen, George:
Left-handed Swordsman, A, 25, 869
Newest England: Notes of a Demo-
cratic Traveller in New Zealand,
with Some Australian Comparisons,
20, 406
Nicaragua Canal and the Monroe Doc-
trine, The, 24, 1 106
Nicholas I, Life and Reign, 15, 389
Nichols, Francis H.:
Through Hidden Shensi, 6, 329
Nichols, T. L.:
Forty Years of American Life, 24,
1112
Nick o' the Woods, 25, 895
1006
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Nicolay, John George, and Hay, John:
Life of Lincoln, 24, 11 12, 11 14
Nicole, 25, 841
Niebuhr, Barthold George:
History of Rome, 3, 399
Niebuhr, Carstens:
Geschichte der Hebraischen Zeital-
ters, 1, 440
Nigger of the Narcissus, The, 25,
867
Nights, Signors of the, 25, 829
Ninety-Three, 25, 840
Nineveh and Babylon, 1, 434
Nineveh and its Remains, 1, 434
Nippur, or Explorations and Adven-
tures, 1, 43s
Nitobe, I.:
Bushido, 7, 332
Intercourse between the United
States and Japan, 7, 332
Nixon, O. W.:
How Marcus Whitman Saved Ore-
gon, 24, 1 1 12
No Cross, No Crown, 25, 872
"No. 101," 25, 839
No Soul Above Money, 25, 861
No Surrender, 25, 840
No. XIII; or The Story of the Lost
Vestal, 25, 845
Noble, F. P.:
Redemption of Africa, 19, 326
Noble Purpose Nobly Won, A, 25,
835
Noble Queen, A, 25, 830
Noble Wife, A, 25, 852
Noel, J. V.:
History of the Second Pan-Amer-
ican Congress, 22, 516
Noeldechen, Wilhelm:
Baron and Squire, 25, 883
Noemi, 25, 835
No Id eke, Theodor:
Das Leben Muhammeds, 1, 439
Geschichte der Perser und Araber
zur der Sassaniden, 1, 438
Persia, in Encyclopaedia Britan-
nica, 1, 438
Noll, A. H.:
From Empire to Republic, 22, 516
Short History of Mexico, 22, 516
Nora Lester, 25, 886
Norah Moriaty; or Revelations of
Modern Irish Life, 25, 871
Nordenskjold, N. O. G.:
Cliff Dwellers of the Mesa Verde,
Southwest Colorado, 24, 1107
Nordische Altertumskunde, 16, 348
Nordhoff, Charles:
Cotton States in 1875, The, 24, 11 14
Nordlund, Karl:
Swedish Norwegian Union Crisis,
a History with Documents, 16,
346
Norges Historie efter 1814, 16, 346
Norges Kongesagaer, 16, 349
Norges Land og Folk, 16, 348
Norman, Charles Boswell:
Armenia and the Campaign of 1877,
M, 514
Colonial France, 20, 408
Norman, H.:
All the Russians, 15, 389
Normanby, Marquis of:
Year of Revolution from a Jour-
nal Kept in Paris in 1848, A, 9,
SOI
Norse Folke-og Huldre-eventyr og
Folkesagn, 16, 347
Norse Mythology, 16, 347
Norsemen in the West, The, 25, 88o,
890
North Americans of Antiquity, The,
22, 517
North Americans of Yesterday, 21,
357, 24, 1 107
North Carolina, 24, 1109
Northern Mythology, comprising the
Principal Popular Traditions and
Superstitions of Scandinavia, North
Germany and the Netherlands, 16,
349
Northern Runic Monuments, 16, 349
Norway, George:
Duance Pendray, 25, 861
Prisoner of War, A, 25, 842
Willoughby Manor, 25, 853
Norway, 16, 348
Norway and Its Glaciers, 16, 348
Norway and the Union with Swe-
den, 16, 346
Norway: Its Fjords, Fjelds and
Fasses, 16, 348
Norway: Official publication in Eng-
lish, for the Paris Exposition, 16,
348
Norwegian Byways, 16, 349
AUTHORS AND TITLES
1007
Norwegian Ramble, 16, 349
Not for Crown or Sceptre, 25, 880
Noticias secretas de America, 20, 402
Notre-Dame, 25, 835
Nouvelle geograpie Universelle, 17,
466
Nowack, Wilhelm:
Lehrbuch der hebraischen Archaol-
cgic, I, 440
Nullification and Secession, 24, 1106
Numbers and Losses, 24, 11 13
Nursery Tales, Traditions and His-
tories of Zulus, 19, 325
Nystrom, J. Francis:
Handbok i Sveriges Geografi, 16,
348
Norway, 16, 348
O'Brien, Barry:
Ireland, 12, 381
Fifty Years of Concessions to Ire-
land, 12, 382
O'Brien, Dean:
D'Altons of Crag, The, 25, 870
O'Brien, William:
Queen of Men, A, 25, 869
When We were Boys, 25, 871
O 'Curry, Eugene:
Manners and Customs of Ancient
Ireland, 12, 381
O'Donoghue, The, 25, 870
O 'Donovan, John:
Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland,
12, 381
O 'Grady, Standish:
Coming of Cuculain, 25, 868
In the Wake of King James, 25,
869
Ulrick the Ready, 25, 869
Red Hugh's Captivity, 25, 869
O Brasil e as colonias portuguezas,
8, 548
Oakfield, 25, 831
Ober, Frederick Albion:
Hernando Cortes, Conqueror of
Mexico, 22, 517
Mexican Resources, 22, 517
Travels in Mexico, 22, 517
Oberholtzer, E. P.:
Robert Morris, 24, I ill, 11 13
Obras Completas, 22, 517
Ocean Free-Lance, An, 25, 866
Ockley, Simon:
History of the Saracens, 1, 439
Odysseus:
Turkey in Europe, 14, 515
Oesterreich unter Maria Theresa, Jo-
seph II, und Leopold II, 17, 466
Oesterreich von Vilagos bis zur Ge-
genwart, 17, 467
Oesterreichische Geschichte fur das
Volk, 17, 465
Oesterreichs Theilnahme en den Be-
freiungskriegen, 17, 467
Ogg, F. A.:
Opening of the Mississippi, 24,
1112
Ohnefalsch-Richter, Max:
Kypros, die Bibel und Homer, 1,
437
Okakura, K.:
Soul of the East, 7, 332
Olaf the Glorious, 25, 880
Olasgoaca, Manuel:
La Conquete de la Pampa, 21, 359
Old Blackfriars, 25, 855
Old Boston, 25, 893
Old Churches, Ministers and Fam-
ilies of Virginia, 24, 1109
Old Court Life in Spain, 8, 546
Old Creole Days, 25, 896
Old Dominion, The, 25, 891, 896
Old English Baron, The, 25, 850
Old Greek Education, 2, 558
Old Greek Life, 2, 558
Old Judge, The, 25, 887
Old Kaskaskia, 25, 887
Old Margaret, 25, 875
Old Missionary, The, 25, 831
Old Mortality, 25, 873
Old Norse Fairy Tales, gathered
from the Swedish Folk, 16, 349
Old Northwest, The, 24, 1105
Old Regime in Canada, The, 20, 408,
24, 1 107
Old St. Paul's, 25, 858
Old Squire: the Romance of a Black
Virginian, 25, 898
Old South, The, 24, 11 12
Old Testament in the Jewish Church,
The, 1, 441
Old Times in the Colonies, 24, 1109
Old Trails on the Niagara Frontier,
24, 1 109
1008
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Old Virginia and Her Neighbors, 24,
1 109
Oldest Civilization of Greece, The,
2, 558
Oldfield, 25, 897
Oldham, Henry:
Man 'from Texas, The, 25, 898
Oldmixon, John:
British Empire in America, 24, 1108
Oldtown Folks, 25, 895
Oliphant, Margaret O.:
Magdalen Hepburn, 25, 872
Oliver Ellis; or, The Fusiliers, 25,
864
Oliveria-Martins, J. P.:
Historia de Portugal, 8, 545
O Brasil e as colonias portuguezas,
8,548
Portugal Contemporanes, 8, 548
Portugal em Africa, 8, 548
Olmsted, Frederick Law:
Journey in the Seaboard Slave
States, 24, 1 1 12
Olympe de Cleves, 25, 839
Oman, Charles William Chadwick:
Art of War in the Middle Ages, 11,
648
History of the Peninsular War, 10,
509
Seven Roman Statesmen of the
Later Republic, 3, 401
Oman, E. K.:
Industrial History of the United
States, 24, 1 1 10
Oman, J. C:
Great India Epics, the Stories of
Ramayana and the Mahabharata,
5, 399
Omar the Tentmaker, 25, 822
Omitted Chapters of History Dis-
closed in the Life and Papers of
Edmund Randolph, 24, 11 13
On Both Sides of the Sea, 25, 856
On Guard Against Tory and Tarle-
ton, 25, 894
On Peter's Island, 25, 878
On the Banks of the Ouse, 25, 863
On the Edge of the Storm, 25, 841
On the Face of the Waters, 25, 832
On the Frontier with St. Clair, 25,
895
On the Irrawaddy, 25, 831
On the Red Staircase, 25, 877
On the Social Organization and
Mode of Government of the An-
cient Mexicans, 22, 515
On the Trail of Don Quixote, 8, 550
On the Wing of Occasions, 25, 898
One in a Thousand, 25, 837
One of the Fighting Scouts: a Tale
of Guerilla Warfare in South Af-
rica, 25, 886
One of the Six Hundred, 25, 867
One of the 28th, 25, 866
One Queen Triumphant, 25, 853, 872
One Traveller Returns, 25, 844
Onesimus, Christ's Freedman, 25,
823
Opening of the Mississippi, 24, 1112
Opinions of Eminent Lawyers on
Various Points of English Juris-
prudence, Chiefly Concerning the
Colonies, Fisheries and Commerce
of Great Britain, 20, 404
Oporto, Old and New, 8, 550
Opzoomer, Miss:
In Troubled Times, 25, 876
Orange and Green, 25, 869
Orange Girl, The, 25, 863
Orangery, The: a Comedy of Tears,
25, 864
Orcutt, William Dana:
Robert Cavalier, 25, 891
Oregon, the Struggle for Possession,
24, 1112
Oregon Trail, The, 20, 408
Oriental Series, 7, 333
Origin and Growth of English Co-
lonial Policy, 11, 646
Origin and Growth of the English
Colonies and of their System of
Government, 20, 404
Origin of English History, 11, 646
Original Sanskrit Texts on the
Origin and History of the People
of India, their Religion and Insti-
tutions, 5, 399
Orissa, 5, 398
Orme, Robert:
History of the Military Transac-
tions of the British Nation in
Indostan from the year 1745, 5.
399
Ormsby, R. M.:
History of the Whig Party, 24,
1 106
AUTHORS AND TITLES
1009
Ormuzd et Ahriman, i, 437
Orpen, Mrs.:
Corrageen, 25, 870
Orr, Mrs. Alexander Sutherland:
Mountain Patriots, The, 25, 877
Orsi, P.:
Modern Italy, 4, 422
Os Lusiadas, 5, 396
Osborne, Duffield:
Lion's Brood, The, 25, 825
Osgood, Herbert:
American Colonies in the Seven-
teenth Century, 24, 1108
Ostiranische Culture in Alterthum, I,
438
Other Man's Country, The: An Ap-
peal to Conscience, 20, 412
Otis, James:
At the Siege of Quebec, 25, 893
Boys of 1745, 25, 887
Cruise of the Enterprise, The, 25,
895
Island Refuge, An, 25, 891
Otis, James, 24, 1111
Otterbourne, 25, 850
Ottoman Power in Europe, The, 14,
513
Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indien, 5, 400
Our Artie Province, 24, n 14
Our Burmese Wars and Relations
with Burma, being an Abstract of
Military and Political Operations,
1824-1826 and 1852-1853, 5, 398
Our Forefathers, 25, 882
Our Indian Protectorate, 5, 395
Our Lady of Beauty, 25, 835
Our Lady of Darkness, 25, 841
Our Wild Indians, 24, 1107
Out of the Cypress Swamp, 25, 895
Out of the East, 7, 332
Out of the Sunset Sea, 25, 890
Out with Garibaldi, 25, 830
Outhwaite, R. L., and Chomley, C. H.:
Wisdom of Esau, The, 25, 888
Outlaws of the Marches, The, 25,
872
Outline of the History of the Litera-
ture of the Old Testament, An, 1,
440
Outlines of Greek History, 2, 556
Outlines of Greek Philosophy, 2, 559
Outlines of Roman History, 3, 400
Outlines of Roman Law: Compris-
ing its History, Growth and Gen-
eral Principles, 3, 402
Outlines of the History of Art, 2, 558
Outlines of the Philosophy of the
History of Man, 1, 431
Outside and Overseas, 25, 888
Over the Border, 25, 855
Overbeck, Johannes Adolf:
Geschichte des griechischen Plas-
tik, 2, 558
Overland, O. A.:
Illustreret Norges Historie, 16, 346
Overland to China, 6, 328
Overton, Gwendolen:
Heritage of Unrest, The, 25, 899
Oxcken, W.:
Das Zeitalter der Revolution, des
Kaiserreichs und der Befreiungs-
Kriege, 17, 466
Oxenham, John:
John of Gerisau, 25, 844, 884
Under the Iron Flail, 25, 844
Oxley, J. Macdonald:
Fife and Drum at Louisbourg, 25,
887
Pabo, the Priest, 25, 847, 868
Pactolus Prime, 897
Paez:
Autobiografia, 27, 360
Page, Thomas Nelson:
Among the Camps, 25, 898
Old South, The, 24, 11 12
Red Rock, 25, 899
Two Little Confederates, 25, 898
Page of the Duke of Savoy, The, 25,
836, 876
Pages, Leon:
Bibliographic japanaise, depuis le
XVe siecle jusqua 1859, 7, 331
Paget, Sir Arthur:
Diplomatic and Other Correspond-
ence, 10, 509
Pain, Barry:
Romantic History of Robin Hood,
The, 25, 848
Palace of Spies, The, 25, 865
Palacio, Vincente Riva:
Mexico al traves de los siglos, 22,
517
Palacky, Francis:
Geschichte von Bohmen, 17, 466
1010
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Paladins of Edwin the Great, The, 25,
845
Palfrey, John Gosham:
History of New England, 24, 1108
Palgrave, Sir Francis T.:
Merchant and the Friar, The, 25,
849
Palgrave, Mary E.:
Deb Clavel, 25, 859
Palgrave, William Gifford:
Arabia, in Encyclopaedia Britanni-
ca, 1, 439
Herman Agha, 25, 822
Palmer, Edward Henry:
Tur'an, The, 1, 439
Palmer, F. H. E.:
Russian Life in Town and Country,
15, 389
Palmer, Frederick:
Vagabond, The, 25, 898
Pan Michael, 25, 878
Pandurang Hari, 25, 831
Papers from a Viceroy's Yamen, 6,
328
Paradise, The Key of, 25, 829
Paris, Louis Philippe, Comte de:
Military History of the Civil War,
24, 1113
Parisians, The, 25, 843
Parker, Edward Harper:
China: Her History, Diplomacy
and Commerce, 6, 325
China Past and Present, 6, 325
John Chinaman, 6, 329
Parker, Sir Gilbert:
Battle of the Strong, The, 25, 841
Ladder of Swords, A: a tale of
Love, Laughter and Tears, 25,
853
Pomp of the Lavilettes, The, 25,
887
Seats of the Mighty, 25, 887
Trail of the Sword, The, 25, 887
Parker, Theodore, 24, 11 13
Parkes, Sir Henry:
Fifty Years in the Making of Aus-
tralian History, 20, 406
Parkman, Francis:
California and Oregon Trail, The,
20, 408, 24, 1 1 12
Conspiracy of Pontiac, 20, 408, 24,
1 107
Count Frontenac and New France
Under Louis XIV, 24, 1107
Frontenac, 20, 408
Half Century of Conflict, A, 20,
408, 24, 1 104
Jesuits in North America, 20, 408,
24, 1107
La Salle and the Discovery of the
Great West, 20, 408, 24, 1107
Montcalm and Wolfe, 20, 408, 24,
1 104
Old Regime in Canada, The, 20,
408, 24, 1 107
Pioneers of France in the New
World, 20, 408, 24, 1 104
Struggle for a Continent, The, 20,
409
Parliamentary Debates, 12, 382
Parliamentary Government in the
British Colonies, 20, 405
Parmele, Mary Piatt:
Short History of Spain, 8, 546
Parrish, Randall:
My Lady of the North, 25, 899
Sword of the Old Frontier, A, 25,
892
Parry, E. A.:
England's Elizabeth Memories of
Matthew Bedale, 25, 853
Parson Kelly, 25, 861
Parsons, William Barclay:
American Engineer in China, An,
6, 329
Partisan, The, 25, 893
Parton, James:
General Butler in New Orleans,
24, 1 1 14
Life and Times of Aaron Burr, 24,
1113
Thomas Jefferson, 24, 1111
Partridge, C.
Cross River Natives, 19, 326
Pasquier fitienne Denis:
History of My Time, 1789-1815, 9,
501
Passages in the Life of the Fa<re
Gospeller, Anne Askew, 25, 852
Passe Rose, 25, 834, 882
Passing of the Empires, 850-330 B. C,
The, 1, 431
Past and Present of Japanese Com-
merce, 7, 333
AUTHORS AND TITLES
1011
Pater, Walter:
Gaston de Latour, 25, 836
Greek Studies, 2, 558
Marius the Epicurean, 25, 826
Paterson, Arthur:
Cromwell's Own, 25, 855
King's Agent, The, 25, 859
Paterson, Arthur Henry:
Son of the Plains, 25, 899
Paton, Andrew Archibald:
History of the Egyptian Revolution
from the Period of the Mame-
lukes to the Death of Mehemet
AH, 1, 433
Patterson, A. J.:
Magyars, The; their Country and
its Institutions, 17, 468
Patterson, Mary B.:
Historical Memoirs of the Em-
peror Alexander I, 15, 389
Patricia at the Inn, 25, 857
Patton, James Blythe:
Eveshams, The, 25, 863
Paul, a Herald of the Cross, 25, 823
Paul (V) the Pope, and Paul the
Friar, 25, 829
Paul of Tarsus, 25, 823
Paull, Mary Anna:
My Mistress the Queen, 25, 859
Pausanias, the Spartan, 25, 824
Paxon. Frederic Logan:
Independence of the South Ameri-
can Republics: a Study in Recog-
nition and Foreign Policy, 21
359
Payne, A.:
Glastonbury, 25, 846
Payne, E. J.:
History of America, 24, 1108
Payson, William F.:
John Vytal: a Tale of the Lost
Colony, 25, 890
Peacock, Thomas Love:
Maid Marian, 25, 847
Misfortunes of Elphin, The, 25, 868
Peaks and Pines, 16, 348
Pearce, J. H.:
Esther Pentreath, 25, 867
Peard, Frances M.:
White Month, The, 25, 844
Pearl Maiden, 25, 823
Pears, Edwin:
Destruction of Greek Empire and
the Capture of Constantinople by
the Turks, 14, 514, 24, 1106
Pease, Howard:
Magnus Sinclair, 25, 856
Peel, 11, 649
Pelham, Henry Francis:
Outlines of Roman History, 3, 400
Pember, A.:
Ivan the Terrible, 15, 389
Pemberton, Max:
Beatrice of Venice, 25, 829
Garden of Swords, The, 25, 844
Hundred Days, The, 25, 843
I Crown Thee King, 25, 852
Little Huguenot, The, 25, 839
Puritan's Wife, The, 25, 858
Signors of the Night, 25, 829
Pendower, 25, 852
Pennsylvania Line in the Continental
Army, The, 24, 1111
Penruddock of the White Lambs, 25,
857
Penshurst Castle, 25, 853
People of Finland in Archaic Times,
16, 348
People of the Long House, The, 24,
1 107
People of Turkey, The, 14, 514
Peple, Edward:
Broken Rosary, A, 25, 839
Per Aspera, 25, 821
Peregrinus Proteus, 25, 824
Pereira, Miss:
Duke's Page, The, 25, 883
Pericles, 25, 824
Pericles and Aspasia, 25, 824
Pericles and the Golden Age of
Athens, 2, 556
Peril of the Sword, The, 25, 832
Perkin Warbeck, 25, 851
Perkins, James Breck:
France Under Louis XV, 9, 498
France Under Mazarin, 9, 498
France Under the Regency, 9, 498
Richelieu and the Growth of
French Power, 9, 498
Perley, B. P.:
Reminiscences, 24, 1112
Perlycross, 25, 867
Perpetua, 25, 834
Perronelle, 25, 835
Perrott, George, and Chipiez, Charles:
Histoire de l'Art, 2, 558
1012
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
History of Art in Ancient Egypt,
I. 433
History of Art in Chaldaea and As-
syria, I, 435
History of Art in Persia, i, 438
History of Art in Phoenicia and its
Dependencies, i, 436
History of Art in Phrygia, Lydia,
Caria, and Lycia, 1, 437
Perry, M. C, 7, 332
Perry, Walter Copland:
Boy's Odyssey, The, 25, 824
Sancta Paula, 25, 827
Perry, William Stevens:
History of the American Episcopal
Church, 24, 1 109
Persia and the Persian Question, 5,
401
Persia and the Persians, 1, 437, 5, 401
Persia, in Encyclopaedia Britannica,
1, 438
Persia, the Land of the Imaums, 5,
401
Persian Problem, The, 5, 402
Personal Life of David Livingstone,
19, 324
Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to
El Medinah and Meccah, 1, 438
Personal Narrative of Travels, 20,
402
Personal Recollections of Joan of
Arc, 25, 835
Peru, Beobachtungen und Studien
iiber das Land und seine Bewohner,
21, 360
Peruvian Civilization, 21, 357
Peter and Alexis, 25, 877
Peter the Great, 15, 389
Peter III, 15, 389
Peters, Carl:
New Light on Dark Africa, 19,
323
Peters, John Punnett:
Nippur, or Explorations and Ad-
ventures, 1, 435
Political History of Recent Times
(1816-1875), with Special Refer-
ence to Germany, 18, 458
Petrie, W. H. Flinders:
History of Egypt from the Earliest
Times to the XXXth Dynasty, 1,
. 433
Petty, Sir William:
Political Anatomy of Ireland, 12.
381
Peveril of the Peak, 25, 858
Pharaoh and the Priest, The, 25, 821
Phelps, M. H.:
Life and Teachings of Abbas Ef-
fendi [Babism], 5, 401
Philip Augustus, 25, 834
Philip Nolan's Friends, 25, 895
Philip Rollo, 25, 883
Philip the Leal, 25, 835
Philip Winwood, 25, 894
Philippine Islands, The, 1493-1898,
20, 401
Philippine Islands, The, A Political,
Geographical, Ethnographical, So-
cial and Commercial History of the
Philippine Archipelago and its Po-
litical Dependencies, Embracing
the Whole Period of Spanish Rule,
20, 401
Philippine Islands and their People,
The, 20, 403
Phillpotts, Eden:
American Prisoner, The, 25, 865
Philochristus, 25, 823
Phisterer, F.:
Statistical Record of the Armies of
the United States, 24, 1113
Phoenicia, 1, 436
Phoenicia in the Encyclopaedia Bri-
tannica, 1, 436
Phonizien in Allg. Encyclop. von
Ersch und Gruber, 1, 436
Phonizische Texte erklart, 1, 436
Physical Characters of the Indians of
Southern Mexico, 22, 517
Pichler, Caroline:
Quentin Matsys, 25, 876
Pickering, Edgar:
Dogs of War, The, 25, 855
Fortunes of Claude, The, 25, 874
In Pressgang Days, 25, 864
King for a Summer, 25, 839
Silas Verney, 25, 857
Stout English Bowman, A, 25, 848
True to the Watchword, 25, 869
Pickering, Octavius:
Life of Timothy Pickering, 24, 1113
Pickering, Sidney:
Key of Paradise, The, 25, 829
AUTHORS AND TITLES
1013
Pickett, A. J.:
History of Alabama, 24, 1112
Pickthall, Marmaduke:
Said the Fisherman, 25, 822
Pictorial Field Book of the War of
1812, 24, 1 1 12
Pictorial Field Book of the Revolu-
tion, 24, mo
Picturesque Mexico, 22, 517
Pidgin, C. F.:
Blennerhassett, 25, 895
Pie IX, et Victor Emmanuel, 4, 422
Pietschmann, R.:
Geschichte der Phonezier, 1, 436
Pike, J. S.:
First Blows of the Civil War, 24,
III3
Prostrate State, The, or South
Carolina Under Negro Govern-
ment, 24, 1 1 14
Pike, L. S.:
House of Lords, The, 24, 1106
Pikeman, The, 25, 870
Pilgrim Fathers of New England,
The, 24, 1 108
Pilgrim Republic, The, 24, 1108
Pilgrimage of the Ben Beriah, 25,
822
Pilgrims in Their Three Homes, Eng-
land, Holland and America, 24, 1108
Pillar of Fire, The, 25, 822
Pilot, The, 25, 894
Pimentel, F.:
Obras Completas, 22, 517
Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth:
Life of General Thomas Pinckney,
24, 1 1 13
Pine and Palm, 25, 897
Pinkerton, T. A.:
French Prisoner, The, 25, 866
Spanish Poniard, The, 25, 854
Pioneer History, 24, 11 12
Pioneers of France in New England,
24, 1 107
Pioneers of France in the New
World, 20, 408
Pioneers of New France, 24, 1104
Pirate, The, 25, 873
Pirenne, Henri:
Histoire de Belgique, 13, 598
Pitkin, Timothy:
Political and Civil History of the
United States, 24, 1111
Piton, Charles:
La Chine: sa religion, ses moeurs,
ses missions, 6, 329
Pitt, II, 649
Plain and Veldt, 25, 886
Playground of Europe, The, 13, 560
Plowden, Francis:
Historical Review of the State of
Ireland from Henry II to the
Union, 12, 381
Plowshare and the Sword, The: a
Tale of Empire, 25, 886
Plummer, Mary Wright:
Contemporary Spain as Shown by
her Novelists, 8, 549
Plunder Pit, The, 25, 867
Plutarch:
Lives of Famous Greeks and Ro-
mans, 3, 399
Poet and Merchant, 25, 824, 884
Point of Honour, The, 25, 869
Policy and Administration of the
Dutch in Java (Day), 5, 396, 20,
409
Policy and Administration of the
Dutch in Java, The (Hart), 20, 409
Political Anatomy of Ireland, 12, 381
Political and Civil History of the
United States, 24, 1111
Political Annals of the Present Uni-
ted Colonies, 24, 1108
Political Beginnings of Kentucky,
The, 24, mi
Political Essay on New Spain, 20,
402
Political Essay on the Island of
Cuba, 20, 402
Political Essay on the Kingdom of
New Spain, 20, 402
Political History of Contemporary
Europe, 8, 548, 16, 347
Political History of Europe, 13, 599
Political History of Europe since
1814, A, 9, 499, 18, 459
Political History of Recent Times
(1816-1875), with Special Refer-
ence to Germany, 18, 458
Political History of the United
States During the Rebellion, 24,
1113
Political Ideas of Modern Japan, 7,
333
Political Relations of the United
1014
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
States with the European Powers
in the Far East, 20, 411
Political Relations of the United
States with the Far East, 20, 411
Pollard, A. F.:
England Under Protector Somer-
set, 24, 1 106
Pollard, A. W.:
Sallust's Conspiracy of Catiline and
the Jugurthine War, 3, 399
Pollard, E. A.:
Life of Jefferson Davis, 24, 11 12,
1 1 14
Lost Cause, The, 24, 11 13
Pollard, Eliza F.:
Daughter of France, A, 25, 887
For the Red Rose, 25, 851 *
Gentleman of England, A, 25, 853
Hero King, A, 25, 846
King's Signet, The, 25, 838
Last of the Cliffords, The, 25, 857,
881
Little Chief, The, 25, 890
Robert Aske, 25, 852
Scarlet Judges, The, 25, 876
Under the War Clouds, 25, 844
White Standard, The, 25, 835
Polybius :
Histories of Polybius, The, 3, 399
Pomp of the Lavilettes, The, 25, 887
Pomponia, 25, 826
Pons, Frangois-Raimond Joseph de:
Voyage to the Eastern Part of
Terra Firma or the Spanish Main
in South America, 20, 402
Pontalis, Antonin:
John de Witte, 13, 598
Pontoppidan, Henrik:
Promised Land, The, 25, 881
Emanuel; or, Children of the Soil,
25, 881
Poole, Reginald Lane:
History of the Huguenots of the
Dispersion at the Recall of the
Edict of Nantes, 9, 498
Poole, William Frederick:
Cotton Mather and Salem Witch-
craft, 24, 1 1 10
Poor Sons of a Day, 25, 874
Poore, Benjamin Perley:
Life and Public Services of A. E.
Burnside, 24, 11 14
Popular History of France, A, 9, 496
Popular History of Ireland, 12, 381
Popular History of the Mexican
People, A, 22, 515
Popular History of the United States,
24, 1 103
Porfirio Diaz, 22, 517
Porter, Anna Maria:
Hungarian Brothers, The, 25, 881
Porter, Jane:
Scottish Chiefs, The, 25, 871
Thaddeus of Warsaw, 25, 879
Porter, Robert P.:
Industrial Cuba, 22, 518
Porto Rico and the West Indies, 22,
5i8
Porto Rico, Its Conditions and Pos-
sibilities, 22, 518
Portraitures of Julius Caesar, 3, 401
Portugal, 8, 545
Portugal Contemporanes, 8, 548
Portugal em Africa, 8, 548
Portugal, Old and New, 8, 546
Portuguese in India, The, 8, 546
Post, Waldron Kentzing:
Smith Brunt, 20, 896
Post-Bellum Finance, 7, 333
Potter, Margaret Horton:
Castle of Twilight, The, 25, 835
House of De Mailly, The, 25, 839
Istar of Babylon: a Phantasy, 25,
821
Uncanonized, 25, 848
Pottinger, Henry:
Flood, Fell and Forest, 16, 348
Poynter, H. May:
Fair Jacobite, A, 25, 861
Madamscourt: Adventures of a
Fugitive Princess, 25, 861, 879
Preacher and the King, The, 25, 838
Precis de l'histoire des Revolutions
du Bresil, 21, 360
Pre-Columbian Discovery of America
by the Northmen, 24, 1108
Pre-Columbian Visits, 21, 357
Preliminary Stages of the Peace of
Amiens, The, 10, 508
Premiere invasion prussienne, 10,
508
Prendergast, J. P.:
Cromwellian Settlement of Ireland,
12, 382, 24, 1 106
AUTHORS AND TITLES
1015
Prescott, William Hickling:
History of the Conquest of Mex-
ico, 22, 517
History of the Reign of Ferdinand
and Isabella, 8, 548
History of the Reign of Philip II,
8, 548, 14, 515
Pressig, E.:
Short Outline of the History of
Austria-Hungary, 17, 468
Preston, Harriet W., and Dodge, L.:
Private life of the Romans, 3, 402
Pretty Michal, 25, 881
Preston Fight, 25, 861
Price, Eleanor C:
Angelot, 25, 842
Heiress of the Forest, The, 25, 838
In the Lion's Mouth, 25, 841
Queen's Man, The, 25, 851
Pride of Jennico, The, 25, 881
Primitive Culture, 24, 1107
Primitive History, 22, 515
Prince and the Page, The, 25J 849
Prince and the Pauper, The, 25, 852
Prince Bismarck: an Historical Biog-
raphy, 18, 457
Prince Henry the Navigator, 8, 547,
20, 400, 24, 1 106
Prince of Good Fellows, A, 25, 871
Prince of India, The, 25, 879
Prince of the House of David, The,
25, 823
Prince Rupert the Buccaneer, 25, 857
Princess Adelaide, 25, 848
Princess Jarakanova, 25, 878
Princess of Cleves, The, 25, 836
Prinsloo of Prinsloosdorp, 25, 886
Prior, [Kirk] James:
Forest Folk, 25, 865
Prisoner of Mademoiselle, The, 25,
887
Prisoner of the Gurkhas, The, 25,
831
Prisoner of War, A, 25, 842
Prisoners of Hope, 25, 891
Pritchard, Hesketh:
Where Black Rules White: A Jour-
ney Across and About Hayti, 22,
5i8
Private Life of the Romans, The, 3,
402
Private Soldier under Washington,
The, 24, 1 1 10
Privy Council, The, 24, 1106
Probation, 25, 867
Problems of Greater Britain, 5, 395,
20, 404
Problems of the Far East, 6, 326
Probyn, L. C:
Indian Coinage and Currency, 5,
394
Proces des Dantonistes, 10, 508
Prodigal's Brother, The, 25, 888
Progress of India, Japan and China
in the Nineteenth Century, The, 6,
326
Progress of Opinion Respecting the
Antiquity of Man in America, The,
21, 357
Promised Land, The, 25, 881
Prophet of Wales, A, 25, 868
Prosperous British India, 5, 395
Prostrate State, or South Carolina
Under Negro Government, The,
24, 1 1 14
Protected Princes of India, 5, 394
Protestant, The, 25, 852
Protestant Reformation, The, 18,
459
Proud, Robert:
History of Pennsylvania, 24, 1109
Proud Prince, The, 25, 827
Provenzano the Proud, 25, 827
Proverbs and Common Sayings from
the Chinese, 6, 327
Provinces of the Roman Empire,
The, 3, 402, 8, 548
Provincial Governor, The, 24, 1108
Provisional Government of Nebraska
Territory, 24, 11 12
Prowse, D. W.:
History of Newfoundland, from
the English, Colonial and For-
eign Records, 20, 407
Prusias, 25, 825
Psychologie de la Colonisation Fran-
caise dans ses rapports avec les
societes indigenes, 19, 324
Public Economy of the Athenians,
The, 2, 556
Pulano :
Der Sturm des Kaiserthrons im
Brasilien, 21, 360
Puling, F. S., and Low, S. J. M.:
Dictionary of English History, 11,
645
1016
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Pupils of Peter the Great 4 The, 15,
389
Pure Democracy and Pastoral Life
in Inner-Rhoden, 13, 560
Puritan Age and Rule in the Colony
of Massachusetts Bay, 24, 1108
Puritan in England, Holland and
America, The, 24, 1106
Puritans and Queen Elizabeth, The,
24, 1 106
Puritan's Wife, A, 25, 858
Pushkin, A. S.:
Captain's Daughter, The, 25, 879
Putman, J. Bishop:
Norwegian Ramble, 16, 349
Putnam, Ruth:
Count of the Saxon Shore, The, 25,
845
William the Silent, Prince of
Orange, 13, 598
Pyle, Howard:
Merry Adventures of Robin Hood,
25, 848
Story of King Arthur and his
Knights, The, 25, 845
Within the Capes, 25, 896
Quaker Invasion of Massachusetts,
24, 1 109
Quebec Act, The, 24, 11 10
Queen Can Do No Wrong, The, 25,
866
Queen Mary's Holdfast, 25, 872
Queen of Men, A, 25, 869
Queen of Nine Days, A, 25, 852
Queen's Man, The, 25, 851
Queen's Maries, The, 25, 872
Queen's Necklace, The, 25, 840
Queen's Quair, The, 25, 872
Queen's Serf, The, 25, 861
Quellenkunde der Deutschen Ge-
schichte, 17, 465
Quentin Durward, 25, 835
Quentin Matsys, 25, 876
Quer durch Mexico, 22, 517
Quiberon Touch, The, 25, 887
Quick, John, and Garran, Robert Ran-
dolph:
Annotated Constitution of the Aus-
tralian Commonwealth, The, 20,
406
Quincy, Josiah:
History of Harvard University, 24,
1110
Quintus Claudius, 25, 826
Quisenberry, A. C.:
Lopez's Expeditions to Cuba, 1850-
1851, 22, 518
Quo Vadis, 25, 826
Qur'an, The, 1, 439
R
Races of the Old Testament, The, 1,
435
Radet, George:
La Lydie et le monde grec au
temps des Mermnades, 1, 437
Rafael, 25, 834
Raffles, Sir Thomas Stamford:
History of Java, 20, 409
Ragozin, Me Zenaide Alexeievna:
Vedic India, 5, 399
Raiders, The, 25, 874
Raine, Allen:
Hearts of Wales, 25, 868
Raines, G. P.:
Terrible Times, 25, 832
Rainsford, Marcus:
Historical Account of the Black
Empire of Hayti, Comprising a
View of the Principal Transac-
tions in the Revolution of St.
Domingo, 22, 518
Report of the West India Royal
Commission, 1897, 22, 518
Rajah Brooke, the Englishman, as
Ruler of an Eastern State, 20, 405
Ralph Darnell, 25, 831
Ralph Wynward, 25, 868
Rambaud, Alfred:
(Expansion of Russia, 15, 390
Historie de la Russie, 15, 389
La France Coloniale: Histoire Ge-
ographic, Commerce. Ouvraje
publie sans la direction de M.
Alfred Rambaud, 20, 409
Rambaud, Alfred Nicolas, and La-
visse, Ernest:
Historie Generale, 15, 390, 19, 323
Ramona, 25, 899
Ramsay, David:
History of the Revolution in South
Carolina, 24, mo
AUTHORS AND TITLES
1017
Ramsay, Sir James Henry:
Foundations of England, n, 648
Lancaster and York, n, 648
Ramsay, William:
Manual of Roman Antiquities, 3,
402
Ramsay, William Mitchell:
Cities and Bishoprics in Phrygia,
The, 1, 437
Randall, H. S.:
Thomas Jefferson, 24, nil
Rangers, The, 25, 893
Ranke, Leopold von:
Ansprung und Beginn der Revo-
lutionskriege, 1791-1792, 18, 458
Civil Wars and Monarchy in
France, 9, 498
Denk wiirdig Keiten des Staats
Kanzlers Fiirsten von Harden-
berg, 18, 458
History of England in the Six-
teenth and Seventeenth Centuries,
11, 648, 24, 1 106
History of the Reformation in Ger-
many, 18, 458
Memoirs of the House of Bran-
denburg and History of Prussia
during the Seventeenth and
Eighteenth Centuries, 18, 458
Zur deutsche Geschichte vom Re-
ligions-frieden bis zum dreissig-
jahrigen Krieg, 18, 458
Ransome, C, and Acland, A. H. D.:
Handbook of English Political His-
tory, 11, 645
Raper, C. L.:
North Carolina, 24, 1109
Rassam, Hormuzd:
Excavations and Discoveries in As-
syria, 1, 435
Ratzel, Friedrich:
Aus Mexico Reiseskizzen aus den
Jahren 1874-1875, 22, 517
History of Mankind, 19, 323
Raum, J. O.:
History of New Jersey, 24, 1109
Raumer, Friedrich von:
Geschichte der Hohenstaufen und
ihrer Zeit, 18, 458
Rawlinson, George :
Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western
Asia, 1, 435
Five Great Monarchies of the An-
cient World, The, 1, 431
History of Ancient Egypt, 1, 433
History of Herodotus; a new Eng-
lish Version, with Copious Notes
and Appendices, 1, 433
Russia and England in the East,
5, 401
Seventh Great Oriental Monarchy,
The, or the Geography, History,
and Antiquities of the Sassanian
or New Persian Empire, 1, 438,
5, 402
Sixth Great Oriental Monarchy,
The, or the Geography, History,
and Antiquities of Parthia, I,
438, 5, 402
Rawson, Maud Stepney:
Journeyman Love, 25, 843
Lady of the Regency, A, 25, 866
Raymond, Walter:
Good Souls of Cider Land, 25, 867
Jacob and John, 25, 862
No Soul Above Money, 25, 861
Two Men o' Mendip, 25, 864
Raynal, Guillaume Thomas Frangois:
Histoire philosophique et politique
des etablissements et du com-
merce des Europeens dans les
deux Indes, 5, 399
Rayner, Emma:
Doris Kingsley, 25, 893
Free to Serve, 25, 892
Reach, Angus Bethune:
Clement Lorimer; or, The Book
with the Iron Clasps, 25, 867
Leonard Lindsay; or, The Story of
a Buccaneer, 25, 860, 889
Read, Meredith:
Historic Studies in Vaud, Berne
and Savoy, 13, 599
Reade, Amos:
Norah Moriarity; or, Revelations of
Modern Irish Life, 25, 871
Reade, Charles:
Cloister and the Hearth, The, 25,
828, 835, 876, 883
Readings from Modern Mexican
Authors, 22, 517
Real Chinese Question, The, 6, 328
Real Menace of Russian Aggression,
The, 20, 411
1018
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Reallexikon der indo-germanischen
altertumskunde; grundziige einer
kultur und volkergeschichte Alteu-
ropas, 5, 400
Realm of the Hapsburgs, The, 17,
465
Realmah, 25, 877
Rebel, The, 25, 858
Rebel War Clerk's Diary, 24, 11 13
Rebellion and Civil War, 12, 381
Rebellion of the Princess, The, 25,
877
Rebellion Record, The, 24, 11 13
Rebels, The, 25, 870
Recent Researches in the Bible
Lands, 1, 434
Reckoning, The, 25, 894
Reclus, filie:
Nouvelle Geographie Universelle,
17, 466
Reclus, Jean Jacques Elisee:
Earth and its Inhabitants, The, 5,
399
Recollections of a Minister to
France, 9, 502
Recollections of Forty Years in the
House, Senate and Cabinet, 24,
1 1 14
Recollections of the Civil War, 24,
1113
Reconstruction During the Civil War
in the United States, 24, 11 13
Reconstruction in Georgia, 24, 11 14
Reconstruction in Mississippi, 24,
1 1 14
Reconstruction in South Carolina, 24,
1114
Reconstruction of Europe, The, 18,
458
Records of the Past; being English
Translations of the Assyrian and
Egyptian Monuments, 1, 433
Red and White, 25, 851
Red Axe, The, 25, 884
Red Badge of Courage, The, 25, 898
Red Bridal, A, 25, 842, 882
Red Cockade, The, 25, 840
Red Cravat, The, 25, 884
Red Dickon the Outlaw, 25, 849
Red Hugh's Captivity, 25, 869
Red King's Burial, The, 25, 847
Red Man and White Man, The, 24,
1 107
Red Man's Revenge, The, 25, 888
Red Men of the Dusk, The, 25, 857
Red Reaper, The, 25, 873
Red Republic, The, 25, 844
Red Rock, 25, 899
Red Rose and White, 25, 851
Red Shirts, The, 25, 841
Red Spider, The, 25, 867
Redemption of Africa, The, 19, 326
Red-gauntlet, 25, 874
Redmond, Count O'Hanlon, the Irish
Rapparee, 25, 869
Reds of the Midi, 25, 840
Reed, Myrtle:
Shadow of Victory, The: a Ro-
mance of Fort Dearborn, 25, 896
Reed, Talbot Baines:
Kilgorman, 25, 870
Sir Ludar, 25, 854, 868
Rees, William Lee:
Life and Times of Sir George Grey,
20, 406
Reeve, Clara:
Old English Baron, The, 25, 850
Reeve, H.:
Democracy in America, 24, 1105
Reeves, A. M.:
Finding of Wineland the Good,
The, 24, 1 108
Refounding of the German Empire,
The, 1848-1871, 18, 458
Refugees, The, 25, 838
Regent's Daughter, The, 25, 839
Regina, 25, 884
Register of Privy Council, 12, 382
Reid:
Irish-Presbyterian Church, 12, 381
Reid, T. Wemyss:
Life of W. E. Forster, 11, 648
Reign of Henry VIII from his Ac-
cession to the Death of Wolsey,
The, 11, 645, 24, 1 106
Reign of Louis the Eleventh, The,
9, 500
Rein, Johannes Justus:
Industries of Japan, Together with
an Account of its Agriculture,
Forestry and Commerce, 7, 331
Japan: Travels and Researches Un-
dertaken at the Cost of the Prus-
sian Government, 7, 331
Reinsch, Paul Samuel:
Colonial Government: An Intro-
AUTHORS AND TITLES
1019
duction to the Study of Colonial
Institutions, 20, 399
Relations Between Ancient Russia
and Scandinavia, The, 16, 347
Religion of Babylonia and Assyria,
The, 1, 434
Religion of the Ancient Egyptians, 1,
434
Religious System of the Amazulu, 19,
325
Remains of Ancient Rome, The, 3,
402
Remarkable History of the Hudson's
Bay Company, Including that of
the French Traders of Northwest-
ern Canada and of the Northwest,
X, Y, and Astor Fur Companies,
The, 20, 407
Remember the Alamo, 25, 896
Reminiscences, 24, 11 12
Reminiscences of Sixty Years, 3-4,
1114
Remusat, Madame de:
Memoirs, 9, 501
Remusat, Paul de:
Thiers, 9, 499
Renaissance, The, 21, 358
Renan, Joseph Ernest:
Histoire du peuple d'Israel, 1, 440
Repertoire methodique de l'histoire
moderne et contemporaine de la
France, 9, 495
Report of the System of Public In-
struction in China, 6, 328
Report of the West India Royal
Commission, 1897, 22, 518
Report on Certain Economic Ques-
tions in the English and Dutch Col-
onies, 20, 404, 405, 409
Report on the Adoption of the Gold
Standard, 7, 333
Report on the Republic of Mexico,
22, 516
Report to the Secretary of State for
India in Council on the Portuguese
Records relating to the East In-
dies at Lisbon and Evora, 5, 396
Republic of Fools: being the History
of the State and People of Abdera
in Thrace, The, 25, 824
Republic of Mexico, 22, 517
Republic of New Haven, 24, 1108
Republics and Native Territories,
1854-1872, 19, 324
Reputed Changeling, A, 25, 857
Rerum Scoticarum Historia, 12, 382
Resources and Development of Mex-
ico, 23, 515
Resumen de la historia del Ecuador,
21, 360
Return, 25, 893
Reuchlin, H.:
Geschichte Italiens von Grundung
der regierenden Dynastien bis auf
die Gegenwart, 4, 422
Reudel, Hubert:
Under which King, 25, 884
Reuter, Fritz:
In the Year '13, 25, 842, 884
Seed Time and Harvest, 25, 885
Revenue and Taxation of the Chinese
Empire, The, 6, 328
Review of the Causes and Conse-
quences of the Mexican War, 24,
1112
Revolt of the Netherlands, The, 13,
599
Revolution, The, 9, 500
Revolution and Europe, The, 10, 507
Revolutionary and Napoleonic Era,
The, 10, 507
Revolutionary Diplomatic Corre-
spondence of the United States, 24,
nil
Revolutionary Europe, 9, 499
Rex Christus, 6, 325
Rhode Island, Its Making and Mean-
ing, 34, 1 108
Rhodes, James Ford:
History of the United States Since
the Compromise of 1850, 34, 1105
Rhodesia and its Government, 19,
324
Rhoscomyl, Owen:
Battlement and Tower, 25, 856, 868
For the White Rose of Arno, 25,
868, 874
Jewel of Ynys Galon, The, 25, 860,
868
Shrouded Face, The, 25, 868
Rhymer, The, 25, 875
Rhys, Ernest:
Whistling Maid, The, 25, 868
Man at Odds, The, 25, 868
1020
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Rhys-Davids, T. W.:
Buddhist India, 5, 399
Rhys, John:
Celtic Britain, II, 648
Rice, James, and Besant, Sir Walter:
Chaplain of the Fleet, The, 25, 862
Richard, Edouard:
Acadia, 24, 1107
Richard Carvel, 25, 894
Richard III, II, 646
Richard Yea and Nay, 25, 834
Richelieu, 25, 837
Richelieu and the Growth of French
Power, 9, 498
Richey :
Irish Land Law, 12, 382
Lectures on the History of Ireland,
12, 381
Richings, Emily:
In Chaucer's Maytime, 25, 849
Richman, E. B.:
Rhode Island, Its Making and
Meaning, 24, 1108
Richman, I. B.:
Pure Democracy and Pastoral Life
in Inner-Rhoden, 13, 600
Richter :
Annalen der deutschen Geschichte
in Mittelalter, 18, 458
Rickert, Edith:
Out of the Cypress Swamp, 25, 895
Ricroft of Withens, 25, 862, 874
Ridding, Lady Laura:
By Weeping Cross, 25, 835
Riddle, A. G.:
Life of Benjamin Wade, 24, 1113
Ridgeway, William:
Early Age of Greece, 2, 557
Ridpath, John Clark:
Popular History of the United
States, 24, 1 103
Rienzi, the Last of the Tribunes, 25,
827
Rigby, Edward:
Dr. Rigby's Letters from France,
etc., in 1789, 9, 501
Ringan Gilhaize, 25, 873
Rink, Henry:
Danish Greenland, Its People and
Its Products, 16, 349
Rise and Fall of the Confederate Gov-
ernment, 24, 1 1 13
Rise and Fall of the Slave Power,
24, 1112, 1113
Rise of our East African Empire,
The, 19, 323
Rise of Religious Liberty in Amer-
ica, 24, 1 106, 1 109
Rise of the British Dominion in In-
dia, 5, 393
Rise of the Dutch Republic, 13, 598
Rise of the Portuguese Power in In-
dia, 8, 548
Rise of the Reformation in France,
The, 9, 496
Rise of the Republic, 24, 1110
Rise of the Swiss Republic, The, 13,
599
Rivadeneyra:
Biblioteca de autores espanoles, 8,
549
Rival Heirs, The, 25, 846
River Congo, The, 19, 325
River of Norway, 16, 349
River Towns of Connecticut, 24, 1108
River War, The, 19, 321
Rivers, W. I.:
Sketch of the History of South
Carolina, 24, 1109
Rives, William C:
Life and Times of James Madison,
24, 1113
Road to Frontenac, The, 25, 887
Road to Paris, The, 25, 892
Rob Roy, 25, 861, 873
Robber Baron of Bedford Castle,
The, 25, 848
Robert, L. M.:
Negotiations Preceding the Peace
of Luneville, The, 10, 509
Robert Annys, Poor Priest, 25, 849
Robert Aske, 25, 852
Robert Cavalier, 25, 891
Robert Helmont, 25, 844
Robert Tournay, 25, 840
Roberton, Margaret H.:
Gallant Quaker, A, 25, 857
Roberts, C. H.:
Down the O-hi-o, 25, 897
Roberts, Charles George Douglas:
Barbara Ladd, 25, 894
Forge in the Forest, The, 25, 887
Prisoner of Mademoiselle, The, 25,
887
AUTHORS AND TITLES
1021
Sister to Evangeline, A, 25, 887
Roberts, Ellis Henry:
New York, 24, 1109
Roberts, G. H.:
Foreign Commerce of the United
States During the Confederation,
24, IIII
Roberts, Margaret:
Atelier du Lys, The, 25, 841
Fiddler of Lugau, The, 25, 884
In the Olden Time, 25, 883
Mademoiselle Mori, 25, 830
On the Edge of the Storm, 25, 841
Roberts, Morley:
Colossus, The, 25, 886
Taken by Assault, 25, 886
Robertson, E. W.:
History of Scotland, 1542-1603, 12,
383
Scotland under Her Early Kings,
12, 382
Robertson, James Alexander, and
Blair, Emma Helen:
Philippine Islands, The, 1493-1898,
20, 401
Robertson, William:
Dule Tree of Cassillis, The, 25, 872
History of America, 20, 403
History of the Reign of Emperor
Charles V, 18, 458
Stone of Dunalter, The, 25, 874
Robespierre, 9, 496, 10, 507
Robin Hood and his Adventures, 25,
848
Robin Hood; or, The Merry Men of
Sherwood Forest, 25, 848
Robin Hood, Romance of the Eng-
lish Forest, 25, 848
Robinet, J. E.:
Danton emigre, 10, 508
Memoires sur la vie privee de Dan-
ton, 10, 508
Proces des Dantonistes, 10, 508
Robinson, A. Mary F.:
Mediaeval Garland, A, 25, 834
Robinson, Emma:
Caesar Borgia, 25, 828
Westminster Abbey, 25, 851
Whitefriars; or, The Court of
Charles II, 25, 858
Whitehall, 25, 854
Rock of the Lion, The, 25, 863
Rocquain, F.:
Spirit of the Revolution, The, 9,
499
Rodd, J. Rennell:
Customs and Lore of Modern
Greece, 2, 558
Rodenberg, Julius:
King by the Grace of God, 25,
856
Roderick Taliaferro, 25, 889
Rodman the Keeper, 25, 899
Rodney Stone, 25, 864
Rodocanachi, E.:
Tolla the Courtesan, 25, 829
Roe, Sir Thomas:
Negotiations of Sir Thomas Roe,
14, 515
Rogers, A.:
Land Revenue of Bombay, a His-
tory of its Administration, Rise
and Progress, 5, 394
Rogers, James Edwin Thorold:
History of Agriculture and Prices
in England, 11, 648
Holland, 13, 598
Six Centuries of Work and Wages,
11, 648
Rogers, Robert C:
Will o' the Wasp, 25, 896
Rogers, Robert William:
History of Babylonia and Assyria,
1, 435
Rogge, W.:
Oesterreich von Vilagos bis zur Ge-
genwart, 17, 467
Rogue's March, The, 25, 888
Roland Blake, 25, 898
Rolfe, Francis:
Don Tarquinio: a Kataleptic Ro-
mance, 25, 828
Roman, A.:
Military Operations of General
Beauregard, 24, 1114
Roman History of Appian of Alex-
andria, The, 3, 399
Roman Life in the Days of Cicero,
3, 402
Roman Political Institutions, 3, 401
Roman Public Life, 3, 402
Roman System of Provincial Admin-
istration to the Accession of Con-
stantine, 3, 401
1022
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Roman Triumvirates, The, 3, 400
Romance, 25, 866
Romance and Teutonic Switzerland,
13, 599
Romance of Dijon, A, 25, 840
Romance of Dollard, The, 25, 886
Romance of Gilbert Holmes, The, 25,
896
Romance of Spain, The, 8, 550
Romance of the Cape Frontier, A, 25,
885
Romance of the First Consul, A, 25,
841
Romance of the Lady Arbell, 25, 854
Romance of the Milky Way, 7, 332
Romance of the Tuileries, A, 25, 843
Romance of War, The, 25, 865
Romances of the Old Seraglio, 25,
879
Romans in Britain, The, 25, 845
Romantic History of Robin Hood,
The, 25, 848
Rome and Carthage: The Punic
Wars, 3, 400
Romero, Matias:
Geographical and Statistical Notes
on Mexico, 22, 517
Mexico and the United States, 22,
517
Romisches Staatsrecht, 3, 402
Romola, 25, 828
Ronald Lindsay, 25, 873
Roosevelt, Theodore:
Life of Benton, 24, 1112
Naval War of 1812, The, 24, 1112
New York, 24, 1109
Winning of the West, The, 24, 1106
Ropes, John Codman:
Campaign of Waterloo, The, 10,
509
First Napoleon, The, 9, 499, 10,
509
Story of the Civil War, 24, 1105,
1113
Ropes, Mary E., and Arthur R.:
On Peter's Island, 25, 878
Ropes of Sand, 25, 864
Rory O'More, 25, 870
Roscher, Willhelm:
Kolonien, Kolonialpolitik und Aus-
wanderung, 20, 399
Spanish Colonial System, The, 20,
403, at, 359
Rose, Hugh James:
Among the Spanish People, 8, 550
Untrodden Spain, 8, 550
Rose, J. H.:
Dispatches of Colonel T. Graham
on the Italian Campaign of 1796-
1797, 10, 509
Napoleon, 9, 499, 10, 509
Napoleon and English Commerce,
10, 509
Revolutionary and Napoleonic Era,
10, 507
Rose d'Albret, 25, 837
Rose of Disentis, The, 25, 877
Rose of Normandy, A, 25, 838, 887
Rosebery, Lord Archibald Philip
Primrose:
Napoleon, the Last Phase, 9, 499
Pitt, 11, 649
Rosegger, Peter:
Forest Schoolmaster, The, 25, 881
God Seeker, The, 25, 881
Rose-Spinner, The, 25, 862
Ross, Clinton:
Scarlet Coat, The, 25, 894
Ross, John:
Mission Methods in Manchuria, 6,
329
Ross, Thomasina:
Personal Narrative of Travels, 20,
402
Rossher, W.:
Spanish Colonial System, The, 24,
1 107 .
Rosslyn's Raid; and other Tales, 25,
872
Roulet, Mary F. N.:
God, the King, My Brother, 25,
833, 849
Round Anvil Rock, 25, 895
Round the Calendar in Portugal, 8,
550
Round Tower, The, 25, 870
Rousseau, Victor:
Derwent's Horse, 25, 886
Rousseau, 9, 498, 10, 508
Routier, G.:
Le Mexique de nos Jour, 22, 517
Roving Commission, A, 25, 889
Rowe, L. S.; Ireland, W. Alleyne;
and Williams, Talcott:
Government of Tropical Colonies,
The, 20, 411
AUTHORS AND TITLES
1023
Rowland, Kate M.:
Life of George Mason, 24, 11 13
Rowney, Horace Bicker stafl :
Young Zemindar, The, 25, 831
Rowsell, Mary C:
Traitor or Patriot?, 25, 858
Roxburgh, T. L., and Musson, G. P.:
Hand-book of Jamaica, 22, 518
Roxy, 25, 895
Royal Favour, 25, 880
Royal Georgie, 25, 866
Royal Quaker, The, 25, 862
Royal Rascal, A, 25, 866
Royal Sisters, The, 25, 852
Royston Gower, 25, 848
Ruffini, Giovanni Domenico:
Dr. Antonio, 25, 830
Lorenzo Benoni, 25, 830
Rufus; or, the Red King, 25, 847
Ruined Cities of Mashonaland, The,
19, 324
Ruins and Excavations of Ancient
Rome, 3, 402
Rule of the Monk, The, 25, 830
Rulers of India, 5, 394
Runkle, Bertha:
Helmet of Navarre, The, 25, 837
Runnymede and Lincoln Fair, 25,
848
Rupert by the Grace of God, 25,
856
Russell, George Hansby:
Under the Sjambok, 25, 886
Russell, Lord John:
Memorials and Correspondence of
Charles J. Fox, 10, 509
Russell, W. Clark:
Ocean Free-Lance, An, 25, 866
Russell, William Howard:
War in the Crimea, The, 14, 515
Russia, 15, 389
Russia and England in the East, 5,
401
Russia and its Crisis, 15, 390
Russia on the Pacific and the Trans-
Siberian Railway, 15, 390
Russian Anthology, A, 15, 389
Russian Army and Its Campaigns in
Turkey, The, 14, 514
Russian Characteristics, 15, 389
Russian Political Institutions, 15, 389
Russian Life in Town and Country,
15, 389
Russian Peasantry, The, 15, 389
Russia's Sea Power, 15, 389
Russo-Japanese Conflict: Its Causes
and Issues, 7, 332
Russo-Turkish Campaigns, 1828-1829,
The, 14, 513
Riistow, R.:
War on the Rhine Frontier, The,
18, 458
Rutherford, Mark:
Clara Hopgood, 25, 830
Ruttenber, E. M.:
History of the Indian Tribes of
Hudson's River, 24, 1107
Rycaut and Knolles:
General History of the Turks, 14,
513
Rydberg, Viktor:
Singoalla: a Mediaeval Legend, 25,
880
Rydfors, A.:
Konung Oskar II och Svereges
Folk, 16, 346
Ryerson, A. E.:
Royalists of America and Their
Times, 24, n 10
Sabatini, Rafael:
Lovers of Yvonne, The, 25, 838
Sabine, Lorenzo:
Life of Edward Preble, 24, 11 13
Sacred Books of China, The, 6, 327
Saga of Jarl the Neatherd, The, 25,
880
Saga Time, 16, 349
Sage, William:
Claybornes, The, 25, 898
Robert Tournay, 25, 840
Sagon, Amyot:
When George III Was King, 25,
864
Said the Fisherman, 25, 822
St. Bartholomew's Eve, 25, 836
St. Cedd's Cross, 25, 845
St. Clair of the Isles, 25, 871
St. George and St. Michael, 25, 855
St. George for England, 25, 849
Saint-Hilaire, Auguste de:
Precis de l'histoire des Revolutions
du Bresil, 21, 360
St. Ives, 25, 866
1024
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
St. James's, 25, 860
St. John, Sir Spenser:
Hayti, 22, 518
Rajah Brooke, the Englishman, as
Ruler of an Eastern State, 20,
405
St. Katherine's by the Tower, 25,
863
St. Leger, S. E.:
War Sketches in Color, 19, 326
St. Leon, 25, 833
Saint of Dragon's Dale, The, 25, 882
Saint-Simon, Duke of:
Memoirs of the Reign of Louis
XIV and the Regency, 9, 502
Sajous:
Histoire des Hongrois et de leur
litterature politique de 1790 a
18 is, 17, 467
Histoire Generale des Hongrois,
17, 466
Salais, Eugenia Tur, Countess:
Shalonski Family, The, 25, 878
Salathiel, the Immortal: a History,
25, 823
Sale, George:
Koran, The, Translated into Eng-
lish, 1, 439
Salem Witchcraft, 24, 1108, 1109
Sallust (Caius Sallustius Crispus):
Conspiracy of Catiline and the
Jugurthine War, 3, 399
Sam Lawson's Oldtown Fireside
Stories, 25, 895
Samarow, G.:
For Sceptre and Crown, 25, 885
Samuelson, James:
Greece: Present Condition and Re-
cent Progress, 2, 557
Sanborn, S. B.:
Life and Letters of John Brown,
24, 1113
Sancta Paula, 25, 827
Sand, George:
Consuelo, 25, 829, 881
Countess of Rudolstadt, The, 25,
829, 881
Master Mosaic Workers, The, 25,
829
Snow Man, The, 25, 881
Sandeau, Jules:
Mile, de la Seigliere, 25, 843
Sandeman, E. F.:
Eight Months in an Ox Wagon,
19, 326
Sanderson, Edgar:
Africa in the Nineteenth Century,
19, 323
Sanderson, John:
Biography of the Signers of the
Declaration of Independence, 24,
mi
Sankey, C:
Spartan and Theban Supremacy,
The, 2, 557
Sant Tlario, 25, 830
Santa- Anna-Mery, Baron J. de:
Le pays des Amazone, l'El Dorado,
les terres a caoutchouc, 21, 360
Santacilia, Juan y:
Voyage to South America, 20, 402
Sapper, C:
Das Nordliche Mittel-Amerika, 22,
517
Mittelamerikanische Reisen und
Studien aus den Jahren 1888 bis
1900, 22, 517
Saracinesca, 25, 830
Saragossa, 25, 833
Sarchedon: a Tale of the Great
Queen, 25, 821
Sargent, H. Garton:
Woman and a Creed, A, 25, 876
Sargent, H. H.:
Campaign of Marengo, The, 10, 510
Napoleon Bonaparte's First Cam-
paign, 10, 510
Sargent, Winthrop:
John Andre, 24, mi
Sars, J. E.:
Udsigt over den Norske Historie,
16, 347
Sarzec, Gustave Charles Ernest Choc-
quin de:
Decouvertes en Chaldee, 1, 435
Saunders, John:
Noble Wife, A, 25, 852
Saussure, L. de:
Psychologie de la colonisation
Francaise dans ses rapports avec
les societes indigenes, 19, 324
Sawyer, Frederick H.:
Inhabitants of the Philippines, The,
20, 411
AUTHORS AND TITLES
1025
Sawyer, Josephine C:
Every Inch a King, 25, 850
Saxo-Grammaticus :
First Nine Books of the Danish
History, 16, 347
Say, Leon:
Turgot, 9, 409
Sayce, Archibald .Henry:
Assyria: its Princes, Priests, and
People, 1, 435
Babylonians and Assyrians: Life
and Customs, I, 435
Fresh Light from the Ancient Mon-
uments, 1, 43s
Races of the Old Testament, I,
435
Records of the Past; being Eng-
lish Translations of the Assyrian
and Egyptian Monuments, 1, 433
Social Life among the Assyrians,
I, 435
Scandinavia, 16, 345
Scarlet Banner, The, 25, 827
Scarlet Coat, The, 25, 894
Scarlet Judges, The, 25, 876
Scarlet Letter, The, 25, 891
Schafer, Arnold:
Geschichte des siebenjahrigen
Krieg, 18, 458
Scharf, J. F.:
History of Maryland, 24, 1 109
History of the Confederate States
Navy, 24, 1 1 14
Schefer, Charles:
Les Etats Scandinaves de 1815 a
1847; de 1848 a 1870; de 1870 a
nos jours, 16, 347
Scheffel, Johann Victor von:
Ekkehard, 25, 882
Schiess, W.:
Quer durch Mexico, 22, 517
Schiller, Johann Christoph Friedrich
von:
Revolt of the Netherlands, 13, 599
Schimmel, Hendrik Jan:
Lifeguardsman, The, 25, 859
Schimmer, Karl:
Two Sieges of Vienna, The, 14, 515
Schleimann's Excavations, 2, 559
Schlumann, Heinrich:
Ancient Mycene, 2, 559
Ilios, 2, 559
Troja, 2, 559
Schmidt, Rochus:
Deutschlands Kolonien, 19, 324, 20,
410
Schmitz, Leonard:
History of Rome, 3, 399
Scholar of Lindisfarne, A, 25, 845
School for Saints, The, 25, 834
Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe:
American Indians, 24, 1107
Schouler, James:
History of the United States, 24,
1 105
Thomas Jefferson, 24, nil
Schrader, Eberhard:
Die Keilinschriften und das alte
Testament, 1, 435
Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek, 1, 435
Schrader, O.:
Reallexikon der indo-germanischen
altertumskunde, grundzuge einer
Kultur und volkergeschichte Al-
teuropas, 5, 400
Schreiner, Olive:
Trooper Peter Halket of Mashona-
land, 25, 885
Schroeder, O.:
Republic of Mexico, 22, 517
Schubert, R.:
Geschichte der Kdnige von Lydien,
1, 437
Schuchhardt, Carl:
Schuchhardt, Carl, 2, 559
Schurer, Emil:
Geschichte der jiidischen Volkes in
Zeitalter Jesu Christi, 1, 440
Schurz, Carl:
Life of Clay, 24, n 12
Militarism and Democracy, 25, 411
Schuyler and MacGahan:
Turkish Atrocities in Bulgaria, 14,
515
Schuyler, Eugene:
Peter the Great, 15, 389
Schwab, J. C:
Financial History of the Confed-
eracy, 24, 1 1 13
Schweinfurth, Georg August:
Heart of Africa, 19, 326
Scidmore, Eliza Ruhamah:
China, The Long-Lived Empire, 6,
329
Sciout, L.:
Le Directoire, 10, 508
1026
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Scollard, Clinton:
Cloistering of Ursula, The, 25, 828
Man-at-Arms, A, 25, 828
Scotch-Irish in America, The, 34,
1 106
Scotland (Mackenzie), 12, 382
Scotland (Tyler), 12, 382
Scotland before 1700 from Contem-
porary Documents, 12, 382
Scotland in the Middle Ages, 12, 382
Scotland under Her Early Kings, 12,
382
Scott, E. G.:
Reconstruction During the Civil
War in the United States, 24,
1113
Scott, E. J.:
Portraitures of Julius Caesar, 3, 401
Scott, Florence, and Hodge, Alma:
Round Tower, The, 25, 870
Scott, J. C:
Burman, The, his Life and Notions,
5, 400
Scott, S. P.:
History of the Moorish Empire in
Europe, 8, 548
Scott, Sir Walter:
Abbot, The, 25, 872
Anne of Geierstein, 25, 835, 877,
883
Antiquary, The, 25, 875
Betrothed, The, 25, 847, 868
Black Dwarf, The, 25, 873
Bride of Lammermoor, The, 25,
873
Castle Dangerous, 25, 871
Count Robert of Paris, 25, 847, 879
Fair Maid of Perth, The, 25, 871
Fortunes of Nigel, The, 25, 854
Heart of Midlothian, The, 25, 874
Ivanhoe, 25, 847
Kenilworth, 25, 853
Legend of Montrose, The, 25, 873
Monastery, The, 25, 872
Old Mortality, 25, 873
Peveril of the Peak, 25, 858
Pirate, The, 25, 873
Quentin Durward, 25, 835
Redgauntlet, 25, 874
Rob Roy, 25, 861, 873
Surgeon's Daughter, The, 25, 831,
875
Waverly, 25, 874
Woodstock; or, The Cavalier, 25,
857
Scottish Cavalier, The, 25, 873
Scottish Chiefs, The, 25, 871
Scourge of God, The, 25, 839
Scouting for Washington, 25, 894
Scrambles amongst the Alps, 1860-
1869, 13, 560
Scritti Politici e Letterarie, preceduti
da uno studio sull'autore di M. Ta-
barrini, 4, 421
Scudder, Horace Elisha:
American Commonwealth, 24, 1104
Seats of the Mighty, The, 25, 887
Seawell, Molly Elliot:
Decatur and Somers, 25, 896
Fortunes of Fifi, The, 25, 841
Francezka, 25, 839
Little Jarvis, 25, 895
Lively Adventures of Gavin Ham-
ilton, The, 25, 884
Midshipman Paulding, 25, 896
Rock of the Lion, The, 25, 863
Throckmorton, 25, 899
Secession and Reconstruction of Ten-
nessee, The, 24, 1 1 14
Second Punic War: being Chapters
in the History of Rome, The, 3, 400
Second to None, 25, 863
Second War with England, 24, 11 12
Secret of Narcisse, The, 25, 837
Secret Service of the Confederate
States in Europe, or How the Con-
federate Cruisers Were Equipped,
24, 1 1 14
Seed Time and Harvest, 25, 885
Seeley, Edith:
Under Cheddar Cliffs, a Hundred
Years Ago, 25, 864
Seeley, Sir John Robert:
Expansion of England, 11, 649, 20,
405, 24, 1 106
Growth of British Policy, 11, 649
Life and Times of Stein; or Ger-
many and Prussia in the Napo-
leonic Age, 18, 458
Short History of Napoleon the
First, A, 9, 499
Seeley, R.:
Hammer, The, 25, 822
Seere, P.:
Les Marines de guerre de l'an-
tiquite et du moyen age, I, 436
AUTHORS AND TITLES
1027
Seeta, 25, 832
Seething Days, 25, 852
Seignobos, Charles:
Political History of Europe since
1814, 9, 499, 13, 599, 18, 459
Political History of Contemporary
Europe, 8, 548, 16, 347
Selby, Thomas G.:
As the Chinese See Us, 6, 329
Select Orations of Cicero, 3, 399
Selection from the Letters and Dis-
patches of the First Napoleon, A,
9, 500
Seler, E.:
Auf alten wegen in Mexico und
Guatemala, 22, 517
Seligman, Edwin R. :
French Colonial Fiscal System, 20,
397
Sellers, Coleman:
Oporto, Old and New, 8, 550
Selous, Frederick Courtenay:
Travels and Adventures in South
East Africa, 19, 327
Semitische Volker und Sprachen, 1,
434
Senior, Nassau William:
Conversations with M. Thiers, M.
Guizot, and other Distinguished
Persons, 9, 502
Journals Kept in France and Italy
from 1848 to 1852, 9, 502
Sentimental Education, The, 25, 843
Serapis, 25, 821
Serf, The, 25, 847
Sergent, L.:
Greece in the Nineteenth Century,
2, 557
Serpa-Pinto, Alexander Albert da
Rocha:
How I Crossed Africa, from the
Atlantic to the Indian Ocean, 19,
326
Servants of Sin, 25, 839
Set of Rogues, A, 25, 858
Settlement of the Jews in North
America, I, 439
Settlers at Home, The, 25, 856
Sevastopol, 25, 867
Seven Decades of the Union, 24, 1112
Seven Roman Statesmen of the Later
Republic, 3, 401
Seven Spanish Cities and the Way to
Them, 8, 550
Seven Weeks' War, The, 18, 457
Seventh Great Oriental Monarchy;
or, the Geography, History, and
Antiquities of the Sassanian or
New Persian Empire, The, 1, 438,
5, 402
Severance, F. H.:
Old Trails on the Niagara Frontier,
24, 1 109
Sewall, Samuel, and the World He
Lived In, 24, 11 10
Sewall, Samuel E., a Memoir, 24,
1110
Seward, William Henry, 24, n 13
Sforza, 25, 829
Shadow of a Crime, The, 25, 857
Shadow of a Throne, The, 25, 841
Shadow of the Sword, The, 25, 843
Shadow of Victory, The, 25, 896
Shadowings, 7, 332
Shaler, Nathaniel Southgate:
Nature and Man in America, 24,
1 107
Shalonski Family, The, 25, 878
Sharpless, Isaac:
History of Quaker Government in
Pennsylvania, 24, 1109
Shaven Crown, The, 25, 845
Shaw, Adele Marie:
Coast of Freedom, The, 25, 891
Shaw, W. A.:
English Church during the Refor-
mation, The, 24, 1 106
She That Hesitates, 25, 878
Sheahan, J. W.:
Life of Stephen A. Douglas, 24,
1112
Sheep Stealers, The, 25, 868
Shelley, Mary:
Perkin Warbeck, 25, 851
Valperga, 25, 828
Shepard, E. M.:
Life of Van Buren, 24, 1112
Shepherd, W. R.:
History of Proprietary Government
in Pennsylvania, 24, 1108
Sheppard, Alfred Tresidder:
Red Cravat, The, 25, 884
Sheridan, Philip Henry:
Memoirs, 24, 11 14
1028
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Sherman, John:
Recollections of Forty Years in the
House, Senate and Cabinet, 24,
1 1 14
Sherman, W. T.:
Memoirs, 24, 1114
Sherring, M. A.:
Hindu Tribes and Castes, 5, 400
She-Wolves of Machecoul, The, 35,
843
Shields, J. D.:
Life and Times of S. S. Prentiss,
24, "13
Shipley, Mary E.:
Like a Rasen Fiddler, 25, 852
Shirley, 25, 865
Shoes of Fortune, The, 25, 874
Short, John T.:
North Americans of Antiquity,
The, Their Original Migrations
and Type of Civilization Consid-
ered, 22, 517
Short Account of the Land Revenue
and its Administration in British
India, 5, 394
Short History of British Colonial
Policy, A, 19, 322, 20, 404, 24, 1 106,
1 108
Short History of Germany, A, 18,
455
Short History of Ireland, 12, 381
Short History of Mexico, 22, 516
Short History of Napoleon the First,
A, 9, 499, 10, 510
Short History of Spain, A, 8, 546
Short History of the Canadian Peo-
ple, A, 20, 407
Short History of the Expansion of
the British Empire, A, 1500-1870,
19, 324, 20, 405
Short History of the French People,
A, 9, 496
Short Life of Napoleon, A, 9, 500
Short Outline of the History of Aus-
tria-Hungary, 17, 468
Short Stories of India, 5, 393
Shorthouse, Joseph Henry:
John Inglesant, 25, 829, 856
Shrewsbury, 25, 860
Shrouded Face, The, 25, 868
Shuckburgh, E. S.:
Histories of Polybius, The, 3, 399
History of Rome to the Battle of
Actium, 3, 400
Letters of Cicero, 3, 399
Shuckers, J. W., and Hart, A. B.:
Life of S. P. Chase, 24, 11 14
Shut In, 25, 876
Sibree, James:
Great African Island, The, 19, 327
Madagascar and Its People, 19, 327
Sidgwick, Charles:
Story of Norway, 16, 347
Sidonia the Sorceress, 25, 883
Siebert, W. R.:
Underground Railroad from Slav-
ery to Freedom, The, 24, 1106,
1 1 12
Siege in Peking, The, 6, 326
Siege of Lady Resolute, The, 25, 839
Siege of Norwich Castle, 25, 847
Siege of Quebec and the Battle of
the Plains of Abraham, The, 24,
1 108
Siege of York, The, 25, 855
Sienkiewicz, Henryk:
Deluge, The, 25, 878
Knights of the Cross, The, 25, 878
Pan Michael, 25, 878
Quo Vadis? 25, 826
With Fire and Sword, 25, 878
Sievers, Hahn W.:
Afrika, Eine Allgemeine Landes-
kunde, 19, 324
Sign of the Prophet, The, 25, 896
Sign of the Spider, The, 25, 885
Signors of the Night, 25, 829
Silas Marner, 25, 864
Silas Verney, 25, 857
Silcote of Silcotes, 25, 830
Silence; and other Stories, 25, 892
Silent Places, The, 25, 888
Silk and Steel, 25, 855, 869
Silva, Pevina de:
Historia do Brazil de 1831-1840,
21, 360
Silver Cross, The, 25, 837
Silver Key, The, 25, 858
Silver Skull, The, 25, 830
Sime, James:
History of Germany, 18, 456
Simms, J. R.:
Frontiersmen of New York, 24,
1 108
AUTHORS AND TITLES
1029
Simms, William Gilmore:
Cassique of Kiawah, The, 25, 891
Eutaw, 25, 893
Foragers, The, 25, 893
Katherine Walton, 25, 893
Life of Francis Marion, 24, 11 11
Mellichampe, 25, 893
Partisan, The, 25, 893
Vasconcelos, 25, 890
Yemassee, The, 25, 892
Simon Dale, 25, 858
Simon, .:
Emperor William and his Reign,
18, 459
Simon, Jules:
Government of M. Thiers from the
8th of February, 1871, to the 24th
of May, 1873, 9, 502
Simplified Grammar of the Japanese
Language, A, 7, 333
Simpson, Violet A.:
Bonnet Conspirators, The, 25, 866
Singer of Marly, The, 25, 839
Singoalla: a Mediaeval Legend, 25,
880
Sins of a Saint, The, 25, 846
Sir Bevill, 25, 855.
Sir Christopher, 25, 890
Sir Geoffrey de Skeffington, 25, 847
Sir Hector; the Story of a Scots
Gentleman, 25, 874
Sir Ludar, 25, 854, 868
Sir Michael Scot, 25, 871
Sir Mortimer, 25, 853
Sir Ralph Esher, 25, 858
Sir Thomas Munro and the British
Settlement of the Madras Presi-
dency, 5, 396
Sir Valdemar the Ganger, 25, 871
Sismondi, Jean Charles Leonard Si-
monde le:
Histoire des Republiques Italien-
nes, 4, 420
Literature of Southern Europe, 8,
549
Sister Louise; or, The Story of a
Woman's Repentance, 25, 838
Sister to Evangeline, A, 25, 887
Sisters, The, 25, 821
Six Centuries of Work and Wages,
xi, 648
Sixth Great Oriental Monarchy, The;
or, the Geography, History and An-
tiquities of Parthia, 1, 438, 5, 402
Sizer, Kate T.:
Wooing of Osyth, The, 25, 845
Skelton, Sir John:
Queen Mary's Holdfast, 25, 872
Skene, William Forbes:
Celtic Scotland, 12, 382
Chronicle of Picts and Scots, 12,
382
Sketch of the History of Israel and
Judah, 1, 441
Sketch of the History of South Caro-
lina, 24, 1 109
Sketch of the War with Tippoo Sul-
taun, 5, 398
Sketches and Studies in South Af-
rica, 19, 326
Sketches from Old Virginia, 25, 899
Sketches in Holland and Scandinavia,
13, 598
Sketches of Christian Life in England
in the Olden Time, 25, 845
Sketches of Travel in Greece and
Italy, 2, 558
Skizze der Geschichte und Geog-
raphic Arabiens von den altesten
Zeiten bis zum Propheten Muham-
mad, 1, 438
Skizzen aus der Geschichte Israels, I,
440
Sladen, Douglas:
Admiral, The, 25, 865
Slafter, C. F.:
Voyages of the Northmen to North
America, 24, 1108
Slave States of America, 24, 11 12
Slavery and Anti-Slavery, 24, n 12
Slaves of the Padishah, The, 25, 881
Sleeman, Sir William Henry:
Journey through the Kingdom of
Oudh in 1849 and 1850, 5, 400
Sloane, William Milligan:
French Revolution and Religious
Reform, The, 9, 499
French War and the Revolution,
The, 24, 1110
Life of Napoleon Bonaparte, 9, 499,
10, 510
Smalilou, 25, 862
Smalls, W.:
Ancient City, The, 3, 400
1030
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Smith, A. D.:
Historia de la Revolucion de Mex-
ico contra la dictadura del Gen-
eral Santa Anna, 22, 517
Smith, Albert:
Marchioness of Brinvilliers, The,
25, 838
Smith, Arthur Henderson:
China in Convulsion, 6, 326
Chinese Characteristics, 6, 329
Proverbs and Common Sayings
from the Chinese, 6, 327
Rex Christus, 6, 326
Village Life in China, 6, 329
Smith, E. M.:
Aneroestes the Gaul, 25, 825
Smith, Mrs. Fowler:
Journal of the Lady Beatrix Gra-
ham, 25, 873
Smith, Francis Hopkinson:
Well Worn Roads of Spain, Hol-
land and Italy, 8, 550
Smith, G.:
Annals of Indian Administration, 5,
393
Conversion of India, 5, 394
Twelve Indian Statesmen, 5, 394
Smith, George Adam:
Historical Geography of the Holy
Land, 1, 441
Smith, Goldwin:
History of the United States, 24,
1 104
Irish History and Irish Character,
12, 381
United Kingdom, The, A Political
History, ix, 649
Smith, Horace:
Brambletye House, 25, 857
Smith, J. H.:
Arnold's March from Cambridge to
Quebec, 24, 1110
Smith, Kirby Flower:
Tale of Gyges and the King of
Lydia, 1, 437
Smith, Minna Caroline:
Mary Paget, 25, 886
Smith, Munroe:
Bismarck and German Unity, 18,
459
Smith, R. B.:
Carthage and the Carthagenians, 3,
401
Rome and Carthage: The Punic
Wars, 3, 400
Smith, Richmond Mays:
Emigration and Immigration, a
Study in Social Science, 20, 399
Statesman's Year Book: Statistical
and historical annual of the
states of the world for the years
1864-1906, 20, 399
Smith, Samuel:
History of the Colony of New Jer-
sey, 24, 1 109
Smith, T.:
Five Years' Residence at Nepaul,
1841-1845, 5, 400
Smith, V. A.:
Early History of India from 600 B.
C. to the Mohammedan Con-
quest, including the Invasion of
Alexander the Great, 5, 393
Smith, W.:
History of Rome, 3, 399
Smith, W. Anderson:
Temperate Chile: a Progressive
Spain, ax, 360
Smith, William:
Dictionary of the Bible, I, 441
History of New York, 24, 1109
Smith, William Robertson:
Kinship and Marriage in Early Ara-
bia, 1, 439
Old Testament in the Jewish
Church, The, I, 441
South Carolina as a Royal Prov-
ince, 24, 1 109
Smith Brunt, 25, 896
Smucker, S. M.:
Nicholas I, Life and Reign, 15,
389
Smuggler, The, 25, 862
Snaith, John Collis:
Mistress Dorothy Marvin, 25, 859
Patricia at the Inn, 25, 857
Snarleyyow; or, The Dog Fiend, 25,
860
Snorri, Sturlasson:
Heims Kringla: or the Sagas of the
Norse Kings, 16, 349
Norges Kongesagaer, 16, 349
Snow, Alpheus H.:
Administration of Dependencies,
The, 20, 411
Snow Man, The, 25, 881
AUTHORS AND TITLES
1031
Snowden, Keighley:
Plunder Pit, The, 25, 867
Soans, R. G.:
John Gilbert, Yeoman, 25, 857
Social England, II, 649
Social History of Ancient Ireland,
12, 381
Social Life among the Assyrians, 1,
435
Social Life in Greece, 2, 558
Social Life of the Chinese, 6, 328
Social Switzerland, 13, 599
Society in America, 24, 11 12
Society in China, 6, 328
Socin, A., and Gutschmid, A. von:
Phoenicia, 1, 436
Sohm, R.:
Institutes, The: a Text-Book of the
History and System of Roman
Private law, 3, 402
Soldier for a Day, A, 25, 830
Soldier of Manhattan, A, 25, 877
Soldier of Virginia, A, 25, 892
Soldier. Rigdale, 25, 890
Some Account of Amyot Brough, 25,
877
Some Notes on Java and its Admin-
istration by the Dutch, 20, 409
Son of ;Ella, The, 25, 845
Son of Issachar, A, 25, 823
San of the Plains, 25, 899
Son of the Revolution, A, 25, 895
Song of a Single Note, A, 25, 894
Songs and Ballads of the American
Revolution, 24, nil
Sons o' Cormac, The, an' Tales of
Other Men's Sons, 25, 868
Sons of Adversity, 25, 853
Sons of Freedom, 25, 878
Sons of the Sword: a Romance of the
Peninsular War, 25, 865
Sorel, Albert:
La Paix de Bale, 10, 508
L'Autriche et le comite de Salut
public, 10, 508
L'Europe et le Directoire, 10, 508
L'Europe et la Revolution fran-
chise, 10, 508, 17, 467
Montesquieu, 9, 499
Soul of the East, 7, 332
Source Book of the German Renais-
sance, 18, 459
Sources of the Constitution, 24,
1 106, nil
South Africa, 19, 327
South Africa from Arab Domination
to British Rule, 19, 323
South America: Social, Industrial,
and Polititcal, 21, 361
South American Republics, 21, 361
South Carolina as a Royal Province,
24, 1 109
South Carolina in the Revolution, 24,
mo
Southern Quakers and Slavery, 24,
1112
Southern Soldier Stories, 25, 898
Southern States of the American
Union, The, 24, 1106
Southerners, The, 25, 899
Southey, Robert:
Chronicle of the Cid, 8, 548
History of Brazil, 20, 400
John Hawkins, 24, n 10
Southworth, J. R.:
Mines of Mexico, The, 22, 517
Sowerby, James:
Forest Cantons of Switzerland,
The, 13, 600
Spain, 8, 545
Spain and Morocco: Studies in Local
Color, 8, 550
Spain and Portugal, 8, 550
Spain and the Spaniards, 8, 550
Spain, Her Institutions, Politics, and
Public Men, 8, 548
Spain in America, 1450-1580, 20, 401,
21, 357, 358
Spain in the Nineteenth Century, 8,
547
Spain, its Greatness and Decay (1479-
1788), 8, 547
Span o' Life, The, 25, 887
Spaniards in History, The, 8, 547
Spanish-American Diplomatic Rela-
tions Preceding the War of 1898,
22, 518
Spanish and Portuguese America
and the West Indies, 21, 357
Spanish and Portuguese America
During the Colonial Period, 20, 403
Spanish Brothers, The, 25, 833
Spanish Cities, with Glimpses of Gi-
braltar and Tangier, 8, 550
1032
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Spanish-Colonial Architecture in
Mexico, 22, 515
Spanish Colonial System, The, 20,
403, 21, 359, 24, 1107
Spanish Conquest in America, The,
20, 402, 24, 1 107
Spanish Conquest in Mexico, 22, 516
Spanish Conspiracy, The, 24, 1111
Spanish Exploration and Settlements,
, 358
Spanish Highways and Byways, 8,
550
Spanish John, 25, 874
Spanish Life in Town and Country,
8, 550
Spanish Literature: An Elementary
Hand-book, 8, 549
Spanish Match, The, 25, 833
Spanish Peggy, 25, 896
Spanish People, Their Origin, Growth
and Influence, The, 8, 545
Spanish Poniard, The, 25, 854
Spanish Revolution, 1868-1875, The,
8, 548
Spanish Settlements within the Pres-
ent Limits of the United States,
1513-1561, The, 20, 402
Spanish Vistas, 8, 550
Spanish Wine, The, 25, 868
Sparks, E. E.:
Expansion of the American People,
24, 1 1 12
Sparks, Jared:
Life and Treason of Benedict Ar-
nold, 24, mi
Life of Gouverneur Morris, 24,
1113
Spartan and Theban Supremacy, The,
3, 557
Spears, John R.:
History of Our Navy, 1775-1797,
24, mi
Spectre of Power, A, 25, 892
Spedding, James:
Account of the Life and Times of
Francis Bacon, II, 649
Spender, A. E.:
Two Winters in Norway, 16, 349
Spender, E.:
Soldier for a Day, A, 25, 830
Spender, Harold:
At the Sign of the Guillotine, 25,
841
Spenser:
View, 12, 381
Spiegelberg, W.:
Der aufenthalt Israels in Aegypten
im Lichte der aegyptischen Monu-
mente, 1, 433
Spielhagen, Friedrich:
Block House on the Prairie, The,
25, 891
Breaking of the Storm, The, 25,
885
Spillan, D.:
History of Rome, 3, 399
Spinoza, 25, 876
Spirit of the Nation, The, 12, 382
Spirit of the Revolution, The, 9, 499
Spirit of the Service, The, 25, 900
Splendid Impostor, 25, 877
Spendid Knight, The, 25, 853
Splendid Spur, The, 25, 855
Spoils of Empire, The, 25, 889
Springer, A.:
Geschichte Oesterreichs seit dem
Wiener Frieden, 1809, 17, 467
Springhaven, 25, 864
Spruner, Karl von:
Historisch-geographischer Atlas
des Oesterreichischen Staats, 17,
466
Spurs and Bride, 25, 848
Spy, The, 25, 894
Staatengeschichte der Neusten Zeit,
17. 467
Stables, W. Gordon:
Chris Cunningham, 25, 864
'Twixt Daydawn and Light, 25, 846
Westward with Columbus, 25, 828,
890
Stade, Bernhard:
Die Entstehung des Volkes Israel,
1, 441
Geschichte des Volkes Israel, 1, 441
Stael, Madame de:
Germany, 18, 459
Standard Bearer, The, 25, 873
Standish of Standish, 25, 890
Stanford, C. T.:
Rivers of Norway, 16, 349
Stanhope, Philip Henry, Earl:
Forty-Five, The, or Rebellion in
Scotland of 1745, 12, 383
History of England, 1701-1713, 24,
1 106
AUTHORS AND TITLES
1033
History of England, comprising the
Reign of Anne until the Peace
of Utrecht, II, 649
History of England from the Peace
of Utrecht to the Peace of Ver-
sailles, 11, 649
Life of William Pitt, II, 649
Stanhope, 25, 855
Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn:
Lectures on the History of the Jew-
ish Church, 1, 441
Stanley, Henry M.:
Africa; its Partition and Future, 19,
324
Congo, The, and the Founding of
the Free State, 19, 324
How I found Livingstone, 19, 327
In Darkest Africa, 19, 324
My Dark Companions and their
Strange Stories, 19, 327
Thro' the Dark Continent, 19, 327
Stanton, E. M., 24, 11 14
Stanwood, Edward:
History of the Presidency, 24,
1 ios
Star Chamber, The, 25, 854
Starr, Frederick:
American Indian, The, 24, 1107
First Steps in Human Progress, 24,
1107
Physical Characters of the Indians
' of Southern Mexico, 22, 517
Readings from Modern Mexican
Authors, 22, 517
Starvecrow Farm, 25, 866
States of the River Plate, The, 21,
359
Statesman's Year Book, 17, 468, 20,
399
Statesmen of the Commonwealth of
England, The, II, 646
Statistical Abstract for the Several
Colonial and Other Possessions of
the United Kingdom, 20, 404
Statistical Record of the Armies of
the United States, 24, 1113
Statistical Survey of British India, 5,
395
Stead, Alfred:
Japan by the Japanese: A Survey
by the Highest Authorities, 7,
332
Stead, R., and Hug, L.:
Switzerland, 13, 600
Steadfast, 25, 891
Stedman, Charles:
History of the Rise, Progress and
Termination of the American
War, 24, 1 1 10
Steel, Flora Anna:
On the Face of the Waters, 25, 832
Steele:
Life and Times of William Brew-
ster, 24, 1 1 10
Steele, A.:
Summary of the Law and Customs
of Hindoo Castes, within the
Dekhun Provinces, 5, 400
Steevens, George C. Warrington:
Egypt in 1898, 19, 324
With Kitchener to Khartum, 19,
324
Steiner, B. C:
Western Maryland in the Revolu-
tion, 24, 1 1 10
Steiner, Bernard:
Beginnings of Maryland, 24, 1109
Stengel, K. Freiherr von:
Die Rechsverhaltnisse der deutsch-
en Schutzgebiete, 19, 324
Stephen, Leslie:
Playground of Europe, The, 13,
600
Stephen, a Soldier of the Cross, 25,
823
Stephen Kyrle, 25, 888
Stephens, Alexander H.:
War Between the States, 24, 11 13
Stephens, Alexander H., Life of, 24,
1 1 14
Stephens, George:
Northern Runic Monuments, 16,
349
Stephens, H. Morse:
Albuquerque, 5, 400
History of the French Revolution,
9, 499, 10, 507
Revolution and Europe, The, 10,
507
Revolutionary Europe, 9, 499
Old Norse Fairy Tales gathered
from the Swedish Folk, 16, 349
Stephens, Robert Neilson:
Captain Ravenshaw, 25, 854
1034
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Enemy to the King, An, 25, 837
Gentleman Player, A, 25, 854
Philip Winwood, 25, 894
Road to Paris, The, 25, 892
Stephens, William Richard Wood:
History of the English Church, II,
649
Stephenson, Nathaniel:
They that Took the Sword, 25, 897
Stepniak:
Russian Peasantry, 15, 389
Underground Russia, 15, 389
Steuart, Catherine:
By Allan Water, 25, 874
Steuart, John A.:
Eternal Quest, The, 25, 886
Red Reaper, The, 25, 873
Stevens, A. de Grasse:
Old Boston, 25, 893
Stevens, C. E.:
Sources of the Constitution, 24,
1106, IIII
Stevens, J. L.:
History of Gustavus Adolphus and
his Time, 16, 347
Stevens, Sheppard:
In the Eagle's Talon, 25, 895
Sword of Justice, The, 25, 890
Stevens, Thaddeus, 24, 11 14
Stevens, William Bacon:
History of Georgia, 24, 1109
Stevenson, Burton Egbert:
Heritage, The, 25, 894
Soldier of Virginia, A, 25, 892
Stevenson, Edward Luther:
Maps, Illustrating Early Discovery
and Exploration in America,
1502-1530, 21, 358
Stevenson, Philip L.:
Gendarme of the King, A, 25, 884
Stevenson, Robert Louis:
Black Arrow, The, 25, 850
Catriona, 25, 874
David Balfour, 25, 874
Kidnapped, 25, 874
Master of Ballantrae, 25, 874
St. Ives, 25, 866
Treasure Island, 25, 862
Weir of Hermiston, 25, 875
Stevenson, Sarah Yorke:
Maximilian in Mexico, 22, 517
Stewart, C:
History of Bengal from the first
Mohammedan Invasion until the
virtual Conquest of that Country
by the English, 5, 400
Stille, Charles Janeway:
History of the United States Sani-
tary Commission, 24, n 14
Life and Times of John Dickinson,
1732-1808, 24, 1 1 13
Major General Anthony Wayne,
24, mi
Pennsylvania Line in the Continen-
tal Army, The, 24, n n
Stillman, W. J.:
Union of Italy, 4, 422
Stimson, F. J.:
King Noanett, 25, 891
Stirling-Maxwell, Sir William:
Annals of the Artists of Spain, 8,
549
Cloister Life of the Emperor
Charles V, 18, 459
Don John of Austria, 18, 459
Stirrup Cup, The, 25, 893
Stith, William:
History of Virginia, 24, 1109
Stoddard, Charles Augustus:
Spanish Cities, with Glimpses of
Gibraltar and Tangier, 8, 550
Stoddard, W. O.:
Errand Boy of Andrew Jackson,
The, 25, 896
Guert Ten Eyck, 25, 894
With the Black Prince, 25, 849
Stokes, G. F.:
Ireland and the Celtic Church, 12,
38i
Stokes, Whitley:
Anglo-Indian Codes, 5, 394
Stolen Emperor, The, 25, 832
Stone, F. D.:
Invasion of Canada in 1775, 24, n 10
Stone, William Lecti:
Campaign of Burgoyne and the Ex-
pedition of St. Leger, 24, n 10
Life and Times of Sa-go-ye-u-at-ha,
or Red Jacket, 24, n 13
Life of Joseph Brant, 24, nil
Stone of Dunalter, The, 25, 874
Stonewall's Scout, 25, 898
AUTHORS AND TITLES
10S5
Storey, M o orfield :
Life of Charles Sumner, 24, 11 12,
1 1 14
Storia Politica d' Italia, 4, 419
Stories, 25, 878
Stories of Charlemagne and the
Twelve Peers of France, 25, 834
Stories of Naples and the Camorra,
25, 830
Stories of the Old Dominion, 25, 892
Stories of the Wars, 25, 854
Stories of Waterloo, 25, 866
Storm Bird, The, 25, 882
Storm Rent Sky, A, 25, 841
Stormy Life, A, 25, 851
Story, A. T.:
Swiss Life in Town and Country,
13, 600
Story, William Wetmore:
Life and Times of Joseph Story,
24, 1113
Story of a Peasant, The, 25, 840
Story of a Scout, The, 25, 833, 865
Story of Africa and its Explorers,
The, 19, 321
Story of Antonio, The, 25, 827
Story of Canada, The, 30, 407
Story of Carthage, The, 3, 400
Story of Cawnpore, 5, 400
Story of Fort Sumter, The, 24, 11 13
Story of Francis Cludde, The, 25, 852
Story of Germany, The, 18, 455
Story of Greece, The, 2, 556
Story of Mexico, The, 22, 516
Story of Norway, The, ib, 345, 347
Story of Old Fort London, The, 25,
892
Story of Persia, The, 1, 437, 5, 401
Story of the Boers, The, 19, 322
Story of the Christians and Moors in
Spain, The, 8, 548
Story of the Civil War, 24, 1105, 11 13
Story of the Congo Free State, The,
19, 324
Story of the Indian, 24, 1107
Story of the Irish Nation, 12, 381
Story of the Moors in Spain, 8, 547
Story of the Nations, 15, 390, 20, 407
Story of the Odyssey, The, 25, 824
Story of the Plebiscite, 25, 843
Story of the Revolution, The, 24,
1110
Story of Tonty, The, 35, 887
Story of Turkey, The, 14, 513
Story of West Africa, The, 19, 323
Stout English Bowman, A, 25, 848
Stovall, P. A.:
Robert Toombs, Statesman, Speak-
er, Soldier, Sage, 24, 11 14
Stowe, Harriet Beecher:
Agnes of Sorrento, 25, 828
Minister's Wooing, The, 25, 895
Oldtown Folks, 25, 895
Sam Lawson's Oldtown Fireside
Stories, 25, 895
Uncle Tom's Cabin, 25, 897
Strachan-Davidson, J. L. :
Cicero and the Fall of the Roman
Republic, 3, 401
Strachey, Sir J.:
India, its Administration and Prog-
ress, 5, 394
Strada, Famian:
History of the Low Country
Warres, 13, 599
Strain, Euphans H.:
Man's Foes, A, 25, 869
Strained Allegiance, 25, 861
Strang, Herbert:
Adventures of Harry Rochester,
The, 25, 860
Boys of the Light Brigade, 25, 865
Brown of Mukden: a Story of the
Russo-Japanese War, 25, 833
Strange Adventures of Israel Pen-
dray, The, 25, 863
Stratemey er, Edward :
With Washington in the West, 25,
892
Strauss, F. A.:
Glory of the House of Israel, The,
25, 822
Helen's Pilgrimage to Jerusalem,
25, 822
Stray Pearls, 25, 838
Stretton, Hesba:
Max Kromer, 25, 844
Stretton, 25, 832
String of Chinese Peach-stones, A,
6, 327
Strobel, Edward Henry:
Spanish Revolution, 1868-1875, 8,
548
Strong Arm, The, 25, 882
1036
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Struggle between President Johnson
and Congress over Reconstruction,
The, 24, 1 1 14
Struggle for a Continent, The, 20,
409
Struggle for Persia, The, 5, 402
Struggle for Rome, A, 25, 827
Strype, John:
Annals of the Reformation, 11, 649
Stuart, Donald:
Struggle for Persia, 5, 402
Stubbes, William:
Constitutional History of England
in its Origin and Development,
11, 649
Early Plantagenets, 1 1, 649
Student's History of the United
States, 24, 1 104
Student's Manual of Irish History,
12, 381
Studien zur semitischen Religions-
geschichte, 1, 436
Studies and Sketches in Italy and
Greece, 2, 559
Studies in History and Jurisprudence,
20, 405
Studies in Homer and the Homeric
Age, 2, 558
Studies in Napoleoaic Statesmanship,
10, 509, 18, 457
Study of Mexico, A, 22, 517
Sturlunga Saga, 16, 349
Sudermann, Hermann:
Regina, 25, 884
Sully, Duke of:
Memoirs, 9, 502
Table Talk and Opinions of Na-
poleon Bonaparte, 9, 502
Sultan and His Subjects, The, 14,
514
Sumario de las Antigiiedades Ro-
manas en Espafia, 8, 549
Summary of the Law and Custom of
Hindoo Castes within the Dekhun
Provinces, 5, 400
Sumner, William Graham:
Financier and the Finances of the
American Revolution, The, 24,
mi
Life of Jackson, 24, 11 12
Robert Morris, 24, n n
Sun of Saratoga, The, 25, 894
Supplementary Dispatches and Mem-
oranda, 17, 467
Surgeon's Daughter, The, 25, 831,
875
Surra, J.:
Mexico: Its Social Evolution, 22,
517
Surry of Eagle's Nest, 25, 892, 898
Survey of Greek Civilization, 2, 558
Sutcliffe, Halliwell:
Mistress Barbara Cunliffe, 25, 867
Ricroft of Withens, 25, 862, 874
Willowdene Will, 25, 874
Suttner, Baroness von:
Lay Down Your Arms, 25, 884
Suzette, 25, 897
Sveriges Historia fran aldsta yid till
vara Dagar, 16, 346
Swallow, 25, 885
Swan, Annie S.:
Adam Hepburn's Vow, 25, 873
Sweden and the Swedes, 16, 349
Sweden for Peace; the Programme
of Sweden in the Union Crisis, 16,
346
Swedish Life in Town and Country,
16, 348
Swedish Norwegian Union Crisis,
The, 16, 346
Swedish Revolution under Gustavus
Vasa, The, 16, 347
Sweet Dol of Haddon Hall, 25, 853
Swift, Jonathan:
Irish Tracts, 12, 382
Swiss Confederation, The, 13, 599
Swiss Life in Town and Country, 13,
560
Swiss Republic, The, 13, 560
Switzerland, 13, 560
Sword and Assegai, 25, 885
Sword of Azrael, The, 25, 832
Sword of Gideon, The, 25, 877
Sword of Justice, The, 25, 890
Sword of the King, The, 25, 859
Sword of the Old Frontier, A, 25, 892
Sybel, Heinrich von:
Founding of the German Empire,
18, 459
Geschichte der Revolutionszeit von
1 789- 1 800, 17, 467
History of the French Revolution,
9, 499, 10, 507
AUTHORS AND TITLES
1037
Sylvandire, 25, 839
Sylvia's Lovers, 25, 865
Symonds, John Addington:
History of Renaissance in Italy, 4,
421
Studies and Sketches in Italy and
Greece, 2, 559
Symonds, W. S.:
Malvern Chase, 25, 851
Table Talk and Opinions of Napoleon
Bonaparte, 9, 502
Taeping Rebellion, The, 6, 325
Taine, Hippolyte Adolphe:
Ancient Regime, The, 10, 508
French Revolution, The, 9, 500, 10,
507
Les origines de la France contem-
poraine, 'La regime moderne', 10,
5 10
Taken by Assault, 25, 886
Taken from the Enemy, 25, 866
Tale of Gyges and the King of Lydia,
The, 1, 437
Tale of Two Cities, A, 25, 840
Tales from the Isles of Greece, 25,
824
Tales of Early Australian Days, 25,
888
Tales of the Caliph, 25, 822
Tales of the Isle of Death, 25, 888
Talleyrand- Perigord, Charles Maurice
de:
Memoir, 9, 502, 10, 510
Tanganyika Problem, The, 19, 326
Tanglewood Tales, 25, 824
Tangueray, Bertram:
Royal Quaker, The, 25, 862
Tangweera, 22, 515
Tara, 25, 831
Taras Bulba, 25, 877
Tarbell, Frank Bigelow:
History of Greek Art, 2, 559
Tarbell, Ida M.:
Life of Abraham Lincoln, 24, 1114
Madame Roland, 9, 500
Napoleon's Addresses, 9, 502
Short Life of Napoleon, 9, 500
Tarbox, I. N.:
Life of Israel Putnam, 24, 11 11
Tariff History of the United States,
24, 1 105
Tarring, Charles James:
Chapters on the Law Relating to
the Colonies, 20, 405
Taussig, Francis William:
Tariff History of the United States,
24, 1 105
Tautphceus, Baroness:
At Odds, 25, 882, 884
Taylor, General, 24, 11 13
Taylor, George:
Antinous, 25, 826
Jetta, 25, 882
Taylor, H. C. Chatfield:
Crimson Wing, The, 25, 844
Taylor, Mary Imlay:
House of the Wizard, The, 25, 852
Imperial Lover, An, 25, 878
On the Red Staircase, 25, 877
Rebellion of the Princess, The, 25,
877
Taylor, Meadows:
Chinese and Their Rebellions, The,
6, 326
Confessions of a Thug, 25, 831
Noble Queen, A, 25, 830
Ralph Darnell, 25, 831
Seeta, 25, 832
Tara, 25, 831
Tippoo Sultaun, 25, 831
Taylor, Richard:
Destruction and Reconstruction,
24, 11 13
Teit, J. A.:
Thompson River Indians, The, 24,
1 107
Teloni, B.:
Letteratura Assira, 1, 435
Temperate Chile: a Progressive
Spain, 21, 360
Temple, G.:
Glossary of Indian Terms relat-
ing to Religion, Customs, Gov-
ernment, Land, and Other Terms
and Words in Common Use, 5,
394
Temple, Sir Richard:
Bird's-Eye View of Picturesque
India, 5, 395
Progress of India, Japan, and China
in the Nineteenth Century, 6, 326
1038
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Temple, Sir William:
Letters, 13, 599
Ten-Brook, Andrew:
History of the Thirty Years' War,
18, 457
Ten Great Religions: An Essay in
Comparative Theology, 6, 327
Terneaux, Mortimer:
Histoire de la Terreur, d'apres
Documents authentiques et ine-
dits, 10, 508
Terrible Czar, The, 25, 877
Terrible Times, 25, 832
Territorial Growth of the United
States, 20, 411
Terror, The, 25, 840
Teuffel, Wilhelm Sigismund:
History of Roman Literature, 3,
402
Texas and the Texans, 24, 11 12
Thackeray, Anne:
Miss Angel, 25, 863
Thackeray, William Makepeace :
Denis Duval, 25, 863
Henry Esmond, 25, 860
Memoirs of Barry Lyndon, 25, 863
Virginians, The, 25, 863, 892
Thaddeus of Warsaw, 25, 879
Thane of Wessex, A, 25, 845
Thanet, Octave:
Expiation, 25, 899
Thatcher, J. B.:
Christopher Columbus, 24, 1107
Thayer, William Roscoe:
Dawn of Italian Independence, 4,
422
Theal, G. McC:
Kaffir Folklore, 19, 327
Theodora Phranza, 25, 879
These from the Land of Sinim, 6, 326
They that Took the Sword, 25, 897
Thiers, Adolphe:
History of the Consulate and the
Empire of France Under Na-
poleon, 9, 500, 10, 507
History of the French Revolution
9, 500, 10, 507
Thiers, 9, 499
Thin Red Line, The, 25, 867
Things Chinese, 6, 327
Things Indian, being Discursive
Notes on Various Subjects Con-
nected with India, 5, 395
Things Japanese, 7, 331
Thirlwall, Connop:
History of Greece, 2, 555
History of Rome, 3, 399
Thirsty Sword, The, 25, 871
Thirty Seasons in Scandinavia, 16,
348
Thirty Years' View, 24, 11 12
Thirty Years' War, The, 18, 457
This Man's Wife, 25, 888
Thomas, General, 24, 11 14
Thomas, Margaret:
Denmark Past and Present, 16, 347
Thomas, R. M.:
Trewern, 25, 868
Thomas, W.:
Sweden and the Swedes, 16, 349
Thomesen, Vilhelm:
Relation Between Ancient Russia
and Scandinavia, 16, 347
Thompson, Daniel Pierce:
Green Mountain Boys, The, 25, 893
Thompson, Maurice:
Alice of Old Vincennes, 25, 894
Thompson, N. P.:
Rangers, The, 25, 893
Thompson River Indians, 24, 1107
Thomson, H. C:
Rhodesia and its Government, 19,
324
Thomson, Joseph:
Through Masai Land, 19, 327
To the Central African Lakes and
Back, 19, 327
Thomson, Mowbray:
Story of Cawnpore, 5, 400
Thornton, E. P.:
History of the British Empire in
India, 5, 393
Thorpe, Benjamin:
Acts of Parliaments of Scotland,
12, 382
Calendar of State Papers relating
to Scotland, 12, 382
Northern Mythology, comprising
the Principal Popular Traditions
and Superstitions of Scandinavia,
North Germany and the Nether-
lands, 16, 349
Register of Privy Council, 12, 382
Thorpe, Francis Newton:
Constitutional History of the
American People, 24, 1105, nil
AUTHORS AND TITLES
1039
Constitutional History of the Uni-
ted States, 24, 1 105, 1 1 13
Spoils of Empire, The, 25, 889
Thorstein of the Mere: a Saga of the
Northmen in Lakeland, 25, 846
Thousand and One Nights, commonly
called in England The Arabian
Nights' Entertainment, The, I, 438
Thousand Miles up the Nile, A, 1,
432, 19, 325
Thral, G. McCall:
History of South Africa; History
of the Boers or Emigrant Farm-
ers, 19, 324
Thrall of Leif the Lucky, The, 25,
84S, 880
Thrasher, J. S.:
Island of Cuba, 20, 402
Three Decades, 24, 1113
Three Episodes of Massachusetts
History, 24, 1108
Three Musketeers, The, 25, 837
Three Scouts, 25, 886
Three Scouts, The, 25, 898
Three Years in Savage Africa, 19,
325
Three Years in Western China, 6, 328
Three Years' War, 19, 324
Three-cornered Hat, The, 25, 834
Thro' the Da/k Continent, 19, 327
Throckmorton, 25, 899
Through Arctic Lapland, 16, 348
Through Hidden Shinsi, 6, 329
Through Masai Land, 19, 327
Through Russian Snows, 25, 842, 878
Through Swamp and Glade, 25, 896
Through the Fray, 25, 865
Through the Sikh War, 25, 831
Through Three Campaigns, 25, 832
Thruston, Lucy M.:
Mistress Brent, 25, 800
Jack and his Island, 25, 896
Thursfield, J. R.:
Peel, 11, 649
Thwaites, R. G.:
Afloat on the Ohio, 24, 11 12
Jesuit Relations and Allied Docu-
ments, 24, 1 108
Colonies, The, 24, 1108
Thynne, Arthur Christopher:
Sir Bevill, 25, 855
Thyra Varrick, 25, 874
Ticknor, George:
History of Spanish Literature, 8,
549
Tiele, Cornelius Petrus:
Babylonisch-Assyrische Geschichte,
I, 435
Tiernan, Mary Spear Nicholas:
Homoselle, 25, 897
Jack Horner, 25, 899
Suzette, 25, 897
Tiffany, C. C:
History of the Protestant Episco-
pal Church in America, 24, 1109
Tiffany, N. M.:
Samuel E. Sewall, a Memoir, 24,
1110
Tiger of Muscovy, The, 25, 877
Tiger of Mysore, The, 25, 831
Tilden, Samuel J., 24, 11 14
Tillotson, J.:
Stories of the Wars, 25, 854
Tilton, D wight:
My Lady Laughter, 25, 893
Timayenis, T. T.:
Greece from the Earliest Times to
the Present, 2, 556
Time and Chance, 25, 896
"Times " History of the War in South
Africa, The, 1899-1902, 19, 324
Times of Alchemy, The, 25, 880
Times of Battle and Rest, 25, 880
Times of Charles XII, 25, 880
Times of Frederick I, The, 25, 881
Tippenhauer, L. G.:
Die Insel Haiti, 22, 518
Tippoo Sultaun, 25, 831
Titus, 25, 823
Tivaroni, C:
L'ltalia durante il domino austriaco,
4, 422
To Arms!, 25, 861, 873
To Have and To Hold, 25, 890
To Herat and Cabul, 25, 831
To Right the Wrong, 25, 855
To the Central African Lakes and
Back, 19, 327
To the Lions, 25, 826
Tocqueville, Alexis Charles Henri
Clerel de:
Democracy in America, 24, 1105
France Before the Revolution of
1789, 9, 500, 10, 508
1040
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Tod, James:
Annals and Antiquities of Rajast'-
han, or the central and western
Rajpoot States of India, 5, 400
Todd:
War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill,
12, 381
Todd, Alpheus:
Parliamentary Government in the
British Colonies, 20, 405
Todleben, General von:
Defense de Sebastopol, 14, 515
Togo unter deutscher Flagge, 19, 323
Told by the Death's Head, 25, 881
Tolla, 25, 830
Tolla the Courtesan, 25, 829
Tolstoy, Count Alexei Konstantino-
vich:
Terrible Czar, The, 25, 877
Tolstoy, Count Lyoff Nikolaievich:
Sevastopol, 25, 867
War and Peace, 25, 842, 878
Tom Burke of "Ours," 25, 842, 865,
870
Tom Tufton's Toll, 25, 860
Tom Tufton's Travels, 25, 860
Tomek, Waclaw Wladiwoj:
History of the Kingdom of Bo-
hemia, 17, 466
Tomlinson, Everett Titsworth:
Boy Soldiers of 1812, 25, 895
In the Camp of Cornwallis, 25, 893
Lieutenant under Washington, A,
25, 894
Under Colonial Colours, 25, 893
Washington's Young Aids, 25, 893
Tompkins, W.:
Diary of a Cavalry Officer in the
Peninsular and Waterloo Cam-
paigns, 10, 510
Tonford Manor: a Pre-Reformation
Story, 25, 851
Tooke, C. W.:
Danish Colonial Fiscal System in
the West Indies, 20, 397
Toombs, Robert, Statesman, Speak-
er, Soldier, Sage, 24, 11 14
Topelius, Zachris:
King's Ring, The, 25, 883
Times of Alchemy, The, 25, 880
Times of Battle and Rest, 25, 880
Times of Charles XII, 25, 880
Times of Frederick I, The, 25, 881
Torchbearers, The, 25, 830
Torn from the Foundations, 25, 833
Tory Lover, The, 25, 894
Toscanelli and Columbus, 21, 358, 24,
1 107
Tour in Ireland, 1776-1778, 12, 382
Tourgee, Albion W.:
Bricks Without Straw, 25, 899
Fool's Errand, A, 25, 899
Out of the Sunset Sea, 25, 890
Pactolus Prime, 25, 897
Tower, Charlemagne:
Lafayette, 24, 1111
Tower of London, The, 25, 852
Tower or Throne, 25, 853
Townsend, Harris, 7, 332
Townsend, M., and Smith, G.:
Annals and Indian Administration,
5, 393
Tracts, 12, 382
Trafalgar, 25, 865
Trail of the Grand Seigneur, The, 25,
887
Trail of the Sword, The, 25, 887
Traill, Henry Duff:
Lord Cromer, a Biography, 19, 324
Social England, 11, 649
William III, 11, 649, 13, 599
Traitor or Patriot?, 25, 858
Traitor's Way, The, 25, 836
Tramp in Spain from Andalusia to
Andova, A, 8, 550
Transactions of the Asiatic Society
of Japan, 7, 333
Transvaal and the Boers, The, 19,
322
Transvaal from Within, The, 19, 322
Travels, 5, 395, 400
Travels and Adventures in South East
Africa, 19, 327
Travels in France During the Years
1787, 1788, 1789, 9, 502, 10, 508
Travels in Mexico, 22, 517
Travels in West Africa, Congo, Fran-
cois, Corisco, Cameroons, 19, 325
Travels through the Alps, 13, 599
Travels through the Middle Settle-
ments of North America, 1759-1760,
24, 1 109
Travernier, Jean Baptiste :
Travels, 5, 400
Treason of Charles Lee, 24, nil
Treasure Island, 25, 862
AUTHORS AND TITLES
1041
Treasure of Don Andres, The, 25, 872
Treasure Trove, 25, 862
Treaties Between the Empire of
China and Foreign Powers, 6, 326
Treaty of Washington, The, 24, 1106
Treitschke, Heinrich von:
Deutsche Geschichte im Neunzehn-
ten Jahrhundert, 18, 459
Zehn Jahre deutscher Kamffe, 1865-
1874, 18, 459
Trench, Richard Chenevix:
Gustavus Adolphus in Germany, 16,
347
Trescot, W. H.:
Diplomacy of the Revolution, 24,
mo
Trevelyan, Sir George Otto:
American Revolution, The, 24, 11 10
Cawnpore, 5, 400
Early History of Charles James
Fox, 11, 649
Trevor, Arthur:
Life of William III, 13, 599
Trewern, 25, 868
Trial of the Constitution, 24, 11 13
Tribes of the Extreme Northwest, 24,
1 107
Tricoupis, Spiridion:
History of the Greek Revolution, 2,
557
Trinity Bells, 25, 895
Triumph of Count Ostermann, The,
25, 878
Troja, 2, 559
Trollope, Thomas Adolphus:
Beppo the Conscript, 25, 830
Castle Richmond, 25, 870
Girlhood of Catherine de' Medici,
The, 25, 828
Life of Cicero, 3, 401
Paul (V), the Pope, and Paul the
Friar, 25, 829
South Africa, 19, 327
Trooper of the Finns, A, 25, 893
Trooper Peter Halket of Mashona-
land, 25, 885
Tropical Colonization; An introduc-
tion to the study of the subject, 20,
398
Trotter, L. J.:
History of India from the Earliest
Time to the Present Day, 5, 393
History of India under Queen Vic-
toria from 1836 to 1880, 5, 393
Trowbridge, J. T.:
Drummer Boy, The, 25, 898
Three Scouts, The, 25, 898
Trowbridge, W. R. H.:
Little Marquis of Brandenburg, The,
25, 884
True, J. P.:
Morgan's Men, 25, 894
On Guard Against Tory and Tarle-
ton, 25, 894
Scouting for Washington, 25, 894
True Heart, 25, 877, 883
True History of the Revolution, The,
24, 1110
True Reformer, A, 25, 832
True Stories of New England Cap-
tives Carried to Canada During the
Old French and Indian War, 24,
1 108
True Story of White-Rose and the
Fair Sibyl, The, 25, 836
True to the Old Flag, 25, 893
True to the Prince, 25, 876
True to the Watchword, 25, 869
True unto Death, 25, 867
Trumbull, Benjamin:
Complete History of Connecticut,
24, 1 108
Trumpet Major, The, 25, 864
Trusty Rebel, A, 25, 851
Tsar's Gratitude, A, 25, 878
Tsountas, Chrestas:
Mycenean Age, The, 2, 559
Tucker, J. R.:
Constitution of the United States,
24, mi
Tudor, William:
James Otis, 24, nil
Tupper, C. L.:
Our Indian Protectorate, 5, 395
Tur, Eugenia, Countess Salais:
Shalonski Family, The, 25, 878
Turbulent Town, A, 25, 875
Turgot, 9, 499
Turkey, Old and New, 14, 513
Turkish Atrocities in Bulgaria, The,
14, 514
Turkish Automaton, The, 25, 878
Turnbull, Mrs. Lawrence:
Golden Book of Venice, 25, 829
1042
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Turning on the Light, 24, 11 12
Tuthill, Franklin:
History of California, 24, 11 12
Tuttle, Herbert:
German Political Leaders, 18, 459
History of Prussia to the Accession
of Frederick the Great, 1 134-1740,
18, 459
History of Prussia under Frederick
the Great, 1740-1756, 18, 459
Twain, Mark:
Personal Recollections of Joan of
Arc, 25, 835
Prince and the Pauper, The, 25, 852
'Twas in Trafalgar's Bay, 25, 865
Tweedie, Mrs. A.:
Mexico as I Saw It, 22, 517
Porfirio Diaz, 22, 517
'Tween Snow and Fire, 25, 885
Twelve Indian Statesmen, 5, 394
Twelve Years' Reign of Abdul Hamid
II, The, 14, 514
Twenty Years After, 25, 838, 856
Twenty Years of Congress, 24, 11 12,
1113
Twicetold Tales, 25, 892
Twichell, J. H.:
John Winthrop, First Governor of
Massachusetts Colony, 24, 11 10
Twisted Eglantine, 25, 866
'Twixt Daydawn and Light, 25, 846
Two Bird-Lovers in Mexico, 22, 515
Two Captains, The, 25, 864
Two Chiefs of Dunboy, 25, 869
Two Dianas, The, 25, 836
Two Heroes of Cathay, 6, 326
Two Little Confederates, 25, 898
Two Men o' Mendip, 25, 864
Two Penniless Princesses, 25, 850
Two Queens, 25, 840, 881
Two Sieges of Vienna, The, 14, 515
Two South African Constitutions, 20,
405
Two Thousand Years Ago, 25, 825
Two Winters in Norway, 16, 349
Tychiades, 25, 821
Tyler:
Scotland, 12, 382
Tyler, J.:
Forty Years in Zululand, 19, 327
Tyler, L. G.:
Letters and Times of the Tylers,
34, 1 1 13
Tyler, M. C.:
Literary History of the American
Revolution, 24, 1105
Patrick Henry, 24, mi
Tylor, Edward Burnett:
Primitive Culture, 24, 1107
Tyrus bis zur Zeit Nebukadnezars, I,
436
Tyson, J. Audrey:
Stirrup Cup, The, 25, 893
Tytler, Sarah:
Citayenne Jacqueline, 25, 841
Courtship of Sarah, The, 25, 862
Daughter of the Manse, A, 25, 875
Favours from France, 25, 874
In Clarissa's Day, 25, 862
Lady Jean's Son, 25, 875
Loyal Little Maid, A, 25, 861, 873
Macdonald Lass, The, 25, 874
Witch-Wife, The, 25, 873
U
Uarda, 25, 821
Ubicini, M. A.:
Letters on Turkey, 14, 515
Udsigt over den Norske Historie, 16,
347
Ulloa, Jorge:
Voyage to South America, 25, 402
Ulrick the Ready, 25, 869
Umlauft, F.:
Alps, The, 13, 600
Die Oesterreich-Ungarische Mon-
archic, 17, 468
Un Voyage en Russie, 15, 389
Uncahonized, 25, 848
Uncle Brnac, 25, 841
Uncle Tom's Cabin, 25, 897
Uncrowning a King, 25, 891
Under Bayard's Banner, 25, 835
Under Calvin's Spell, 25, 836, 877
Under Cheddar Cliffs, a Hundred
Years Ago, 25, 864
Under Colonial Colours, 25, 893
Under Drake's Flag, 25, 853
Under Salisbury Spire, 25, 854
Under the Dome of St. Paul's, 25,
861
Under the Great Seal, 25, 888
Under the Iron Flail, 25, 844
Under the Mendips, 25, 867
Under the Red Dragon, 25, 867
AUTHORS AND TITLES
1043
Under the Red Robe, 25, 837
Under the Rose, 25, 835
Under the Sjambok, 25, 886
Under the Southern Cross, 25, 890
Under the Spangled Banner, 25, 900
Under the Spell of the Fleur-de-Lis,
25, 837
Under the War Clouds, 25, 844
Under the Yoke, 25, 879
Under Wellington's Command, 25,
865
Under which King?, 25, 884
Underdown, Emily:
Cristina, 25, 827
Underground Railroad from Slavery
to Freedom, The, 24, 1106, 11 12
Underground Russia, 15, 389
Union, 12, 383
Union of Italy, The, 4, 422
United Kingdom, The, a Political
History, 1 1, 649
United States Bank, The, 24, 1106
United States During the Last Quar-
ter of a Century, The, 24, 11 13
Unknown Mexico, 22, 516
Unknown to History, 25, 853, 872
Untrodden Spain and Her Black
Country, 8, 550
Up for the Green, 25, 870
Upham, Charles Wentworth:
Salem Witchcraft, 24, 1108, 1109
Life of Timothy Pickering, 24,
1113
Urith, 25, 859
Urrutia:
Epocas del Peru, 21, 360
Ursula, The Cloistering of, 25, '828
Uther and Igraine, 25, 845
V
Vagabond, The, 25, 898
Vale of Cedars, The, 25, 833
Valentin, 25, 844
Valentino, 25, 828
Valentyn, F.:
Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indien, 5, 400
Valerius, 25, 826
Valiant Runaways, The, 25, 896
Vallandigham, J. T.:
Life of C. L. Vallandigham, 24,
1114
Valley of Decision, The, 25, 829
Vallings, Harold:
By Dulvercombe Water, 25, 859
Valmy, 10, 508
Valperga, 25, 828
Vambery :
Hungary, 17, 466
Vanished Arcadia, A, 20, 401, 21, 358
Van Meteren, Emanuel:
Historien der Nederlanden, 13, 599
Vansittart, Henry:
Narrative of the Transactions in
Bengal from 1 760-1 764, 5, 400
Van Tyne, C. H.:
American Revolution, 24, 11 10
Loyalists in the Revolution, 24,
1 1 10
Van Tyne and Leland:
Guide to the Archives of the Uni-
ted States, 24, 1 103
Van Zile, E. S.:
With Sword and Crucifix, 25, 891
Varnhagen, F. A. de:
Examen de quelques points de l'his-
toire du Bresil, 21, 360
Vasconcelos, 25, 890
Vazoff, Ivan:
Under the Yoke, 25, 879
Vedic India, 5, 399
Vehse, E.:
Memoirs of the Court, Aristocracy
and Diplomacy of Austria, 18,
459
Velvet Glove, The, 25, 834
Vengeance is Mine, 25, 842, 875
Venice, Beatrice of, 25, 829
Venice, The Golden Book of, 25, 829
Veranilda, 25, 827
Vereshchagin, V.:
War Correspondent, The, 25, 879
Verne, Jules:
Blockade Runners, The, 25, 898
Veva; or, The War of the Peasants,
25, 877
Vibart, H. M.:
Military History of the Madras En-
gineers and Pioneers from 1743
up to the Present Time, 5, 394
Vicary, J. Fulford:
Saga Time, 16, 349
Vicomte de Bragelonne; or, Ten
Years Later, The, 25, 838
1044
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Victory of the Vanquished, The, 25,
826
View, 12, 381
View of the Hindu Law as Admin-
istered by the High Court of Judi-
cature at Madras, 5, 399
View of the Origin and Conduct of
the War against Tippoo Sultaun, 5,
395
Vigfusson, Gudbrand:
Sturlunga Saga, 16, 349
Vignaud, Henry:
Critical Study of the Various Dates
Assigned to the Birth of Chris-
topher Columbus, 21, 358
Toscanelli and Columbus, 21, 358,
24, 1 107
Vigny, Alfred Victor, Comte de:
Cinq-Mars, 25, 837
Vigouroux, F.:
La Bible et les decouvertes mod-
ernes, 1, 431
Viking Age, The, 16, 345
Vikings of the Baltic, The, 25, 880
Vikings of Western Christendon,
The, 16, 346
Villa of Claudius, The, 25, 845
Village Life in China, 6, 329
Villari, Pasquale:
Storia Politica dTtalia, 4, 419
Vinland Champions, The, 25, 890
Vintage Capsina, The, 25, 825
Virgin of the Sun, The, 25, 890
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions,
24, 1 106
Virginia Bohemians, 25, 892
Virginia Comedians, The, 25, 892
Virginians, The, 25, 863, 892
Virkehrsentwicklung in Deutschland,
1800-1900, 18, 460
Vittoria, 25, 830
Viva Christina, 25, 834
Vive l'Empereur, 25, 870
Vivian of Virginia, 25, 891
Vizier's Daughter, A, 25, 832
Vladmir:
Chino-Japanese War, 7, 332
Russia on the Pacific and the
Trans-Siberian Railway, 15, 390
Voice of the People, The, 25, 899
Voltaire, 9, 498, 10, 508
Volumes on English History from
James I to the Restoration, 12, 381
Von der deutschen Hansa: eine His-
torische Skizze, 18, 456
Von Hoist, Hermann:
Constitutional History of the Uni-
ted States, 24, 1 104
Voyage aux Regions Equinoxiales
du Nouveau Continent, 20, 402
Voyage to South America, 20, 402
Voyage to the Eastern Part of Terra
Firma or the Spanish Main in
South America, 1801-1804, 20, 402,
403
Voyages of the Northmen to North
America, 24, 1108
Voynich, E. L.:
Gadfly, The, 25, 830
Vulliemin, Louis:
Histoire de la Suisse, 13, 599
Vultures, The, 25, 879
W
Wack, Henry W.:
Story of the Congo Free State: So-
cial, Political, and Economic
Aspects of the Belgian System of
Government in Central Africa,
19, 324
Wager, The, 25, 869
Wages of Battle, The, 25, 846
Wakefield:
Account of Ireland, 12, 382
Wakeman, H. O., and Hassall, A.:
Essays Introductory to the Study
of English Constitutional His-
tory, 11, 650
Waldemar, 25, 880
Walford, L. B.:
Black Familiars, The, 25, 853
Waliszewski, K.:
Autour d' un Trone Catherine II de
Russie, 15, 389
Ivan the Terrible, 15, 389
Le Roman d'une Imperatrice, 15,
389
Peter the Great, 15, 389
Walker, F. A.:
General Hancock, 24, 11 14
History of the Second Army Corps
in the Army of the Potomac, 24,
1114
Protestant Reformation, The, 18,
459
AUTHORS AND TITLES
1045
Walker, G. L.:
Thomas Hooker, 24, 11 10
Walker, H. de R.:
West Indies and the Empire: Study
and Travel in the Winter of
1900-1901, 20, 407
Walker, Williston:
Creeds and Platforms of Congre-
gationalism, 24, 1 109
Wall, A.:
Fall of Constantinople, The, 25,
879
Wallace, Donald Mackenzie:
Russia, 15, 389
Wallace, Joseph:
Illinois and Louisiana Under
French Rule, 24, 1108
Wallace, Lew:
Ben Hur, 25, 823, 825
Fair God, The, 25, 889
Prince of India, The, 25, 879
Wallace (Blind Harry), 12, 383
Wallace (Brunton), 12, 383
Walks, A. S. C.:
In Troubled Times, 25, 876
Royal Favour, 25, 880
Wallis, S. T.:
Spain, Her Institutions, Politics
and Public Men, 8, 548
Wallon, A. H.:
Les Representants en Mission, 10,
508
Walloth, Wilhelm:
Empress Octavia, 25, 826
King's Treasure House, The, 25,
821
Walpole, C. G.:
Kingdom of Ireland, The, 24, 1106
Walpole, Horace:
George III, 24, 1106
Walpole, Sir Robert, II, 648
Walpole, Spencer:
History of England from the
Conclusion of the Great War in
1815, 11, 650, 24, 1106
Walter's Escape, 25, 876
Walton, Clifford Stevens:
Civil Law in Spain and Spanish
America, 20, 403, 31, 360
Wanderer and King, 25, 857
Wanderings in Spain, 8, 550
War and Peace, 25, 842, 878
War Between the States, 24, n 13
War Correspondent, The, 25, 879
War in Bulgaria, The, 14, 514
War in South Africa, The, Its Cause
and Conduct, 19, 322
War in South Africa, The, Its Causes
and Effects, 19, 322
War in the Crimea, The, 14, 514, 515
War of the Axe, The, 25, 885
War of the Civilizations, 6, 326
War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill,
12, 381
War of Women, The, 25, 838
War on the Rhine Frontier, The, 18,
458
War Powers of the Constitution, 24,
1113
War Sketches in Color, 19, 326
War to the Knife; or, Tangata Maori,
25, 888
Warburton, B. E. G.:
Darien; or, The Merchant Prince,
25, 860
Warburton, G. D.:
Conquest of Canada, 24, 1107
Warburton, Sir R.:
Eighteen Years in the Khyber,
1 879- 1 898, 5, 400
Ward, Bryan W.:
Forest Prince, The, 25, 848, 868
Sir Geoffrey de Skeffington, 25, 847
Ward of King Canute, The, 25, 846
Ward of the King, A, 25, 836
Warden of the Marches, The, 25, 831
Ware:
Annals, 12, 381
Ware, William:
Aurelian, 25, 826
Julian; or, Scenes in Judaea, 25, 823
Last Days and Fall of Palmyra,
The (Zenobia), 25, 822, 826
Warend och Windarne, 16, 348
Warfield, E. D.:
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions,
24, 1 106
Waring, E. S.:
History of the Marathas, 5, 400
Warner:
Rebellion and Civil War, 12, 381
Warr, G. C. W.:
History of Roman Literature, 3,
402
1046
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Warren, Joseph, 24, mi
Wars of Succession in Portugal and
Spain from 1826 to 1840, 8, 546
Wars of the Roses, The, 25, 850
Waning, Price:
Tales of Early Australian Days, 25,
888
Tales of the Isle of Death, 25, 888
Washburne, E. B.:
Recollections of a Minister to
France, 9, 502
Washington, J. G.:
Joshua R. Giddings, 24, 11 13
Washington, George, 24, mi
Washingtonians, The, 25, 898
Washington's Young Aids, 25, 893
Waterloo, 25, 843
Waterloo Lectures, 10, 509
Watson, H. B. Marriott:
Captain Fortune, 25, 855
House Divided, The, 25, 862
Rebel, The, 25, 858
Twisted Eglantine, 25, 866
Watson, Margaret:
Driven, 25, 867
Watson, Paul B.:
Swedish Revolution under Gus-
tavus Vasa, 16, 347
Watson, Robert Grant:
Spanish and Portuguese South
America during the Colonial
Period, 20, 400, 21, 403
Watson, W. L.:
Sir Sergeant, 25, 874
Watts, H. E.:
Christian Recovery of Spain, 8, 548
Waverly, 25, 874
Wayne, Major General Anthony, 24,
mi
Webb, Mrs. J. B.:
Alypius of Tagaste, 25, 827
Julamerk, 25, 822
Julio, 25, 834
Naomi, 25, 823
Pomponia, 25, 826
Weber, Otto:
Arabien von dem Islam, 1, 439
Webster, J. Provand:
Children of Wrath, 25, 891
Weeks, S. B.:
Southern Quakers and Slavery, 24,
ilia
Welden, W. B.:
Economic and Social History of
New England, 24, 1109
Wegweiser durch die neuere Litera-
tur der Rechts- und Staatswissens-
chaften, 17, 465
Weil, Gustav:
Geschichte der Chalifen, 1, 439
Geschichte der islamitischen Volker
von Mohammed bis zur Zeit des
Sultan Selim iibersichtlich darge-
stellt, I, 439
Geschichte des Abbasidenchalifats
in Aegypten, 1, 439
Weir of Hermiston, 25, 875
Weird of Silken Thomas, The, 25, 868
Weitemeyer, H.:
Denmark, 16, 347
Well Worn Roads of Spain, Holland,
and Italy, 8, 550
Wellhausen, Julius:
Sketch of the History of Israel
and Judah, 1, 441
Wells, D. A.:
Study of Mexico, A, 22, 517
Welsh, Herbert:
Other Man's Country, The: An Ap-
peal to Conscience, 20, 412
Welt politisches: Beitrage und Stu-
dien zur neueren Kolonialbewe-
gung, 20, 399
Wenckstern, Franz von:
Bibliography of the Japanese Em-
pire, 7, 331
Wendel, F. C. H.:
History of Egypt, 1, 433
Wendell, B.:
Literary History of America, 24,
1 105
Wenzel, Wolfgang:
History of Germany from the Earl-
iest Period to the Present Time,
18, 455
Wenzelhuger, K. T.:
Geschichte der Niederlande, 13, 599
Wept of the Wish-Ton-Wish, The,
25, 891
West, Mary:
Allegra, 25, 830
West African Studies, 19, 326
West Indies, The, 20, 407
West Indies and the Empire: Study
AUTHORS AND TITLES
1047
and Travel in the Winter of 1900-
190 1, The, 20, 407
Westall, William:
Red Bridal, A, 25, 842, 882
With the Red Eagle, 25, 842, 882
Westbury, Hugh:
Acte, 25, 826
Western Civilization in its Economic
Aspects. Part I, Ancient Times, 3,
402
Western Maryland in the Revolution,
24, 1 1 10
Westerners, The, 25, 899
Westminster Abbey, 25, 851
Westminster Cloisters, 25, 847
Westward Ho!, 25, 853
Westward with Columbus, 25, 828,
890
Wet, C. R. de:
Three Years' War, 19, 324
Wetherbys, The, 25, 831
Weyman, Stanley John:
Abbess of Vlaye, The, 25, 837
Castle Inn, The, 25, 863
Count Hannibal: a Romance of the
Court of France, 25, 836
From the Memoirs of a Minister of
France, 25, 837
Gentleman of France, A, 25, 837
House of the Wolf, The, 25, 836
In Kings' Byways: Short Stories,
25, 837
Long Night, The, 25, 877
Man in Black, The, 25, 837
My Lady Rotha, 25, 883
Red Cockade, The, 25, 840
Shrewsbury, 25, 860
Starvecrow Farm, 25, 866
Story of Francis Cludde, The, 25,
852
Under the Red Robe, 25, 837
Wharton, Edith:
Valley of Decision, The, 25, 829
Wharton, Francis:
Revolutionary Diplomatic Corre-
spondence of the United States,
24, mi
Wheaton, Henry:
History of the Northmen, or Danes
and Normans from the earliest
Times to the Conquest of William
of Normandy, 16, 347
Wheeler, B. I.:
Alexander the Great, 2, 557, 5, 400
Wheeler, J. T.:
History of India from the Earliest
Ages, 5, 393
Short Stories of India, 5, 393
When Charles the First was King, 25,
855
When George III was King, 25, 864
When Knighthood was in Flower, 25,
851
When London Burned, 25, 858
When Spurs were Gold, 25, 850
When We Were Boys, 25, 871
Where Black Rules White: A Jour-
ney Across and About Hayti, 22,
5i8
Whigham, H. J.:
Persian Problem, The, 5, 402
Whishaw, Fred:
Boyar of the Terrible, A, 25, 877
Forbidden Name, A, 25, 878
Harold the Norseman, 25, 880
Lion Cub, The, 25, 877
Many Ways of Love, 25, 878
Mazeppa, 25, 877
Moscow, 25, 842, 878
Near the Tsar, near Death, 25, 878
Sons of Freedom, 25, 878
Splendid Impostor, A, 25, 877
Three Scouts, 25, 886
Tiger of Muscovy, The, 25, 877
Tsar's Gratitude, A, 25, 878
White Witch of the Matabele, The,
25, 885
Whistler, C. W.:
For King or Empress, 25, 847
Havelock, the Dane, 25, 845
King Alfred's Viking, 25, 846
King Olaf's Kinsman, 25, 846
King's Comrade, A, 25, 845
Thane of Wessex, A, 25, 845
Wulfric, the Weapon Thane, 25,
846
Whistling Maid, The, 25, 868
Whitcomb, Merrick:
Source Book of the German Renais-
sance, 18, 459
White, A. S.:
Expansion of Egypt, under the
Anglo-Egyptian Condominium,
19, 324
1048
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
White, Edmund:
Eveshams, The, 25, 863
White, Henry:
Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 9,
500
White, Stewart Edward:
Conjurer's House, 25, 887
Silent Places, The, 25, 888
Westerners, The, 25, 899
White, W. Hale:
Clara Hopgood, 25, 830
White Aprons, 25, 891
White Company, The, 25, 835, 850
White Conquerors of Mexico, The,
25, 889
White Hoods, The, 25, 875
White Islander, The, 25, 886
White King's Daughter, The, 25, 857
White Man in Nigeria, The, 19, 325
White Month, The, 25, 844
White Queen, The, 25, 851
White Standard, The, 25, 835
White Terror, The, 25, 840
White Terror and the Red, The, 25,
878
White Witch of the Matabele, The,
25, 885
White Woman in Central Africa, A,
19, 324
White Wyvill and Red Ruthven, 25,
851
Whitefriars; or, the Court of Charles
II, 25, 858
Whitehall, 25, 854
Whites and the Blues, The, 25, 841
Whiteway, R. S.:
Rise of the Portuguese Power in
India, 8, 548
Whiting, E. M.:
War Powers of the Constitution,
24, 1113
Whiting, Mary Bradford:
Torchbearers, The, 25, 830
Whitman, S.:
Austria, 17, 465
Realm of the Hapsburgs, The, 17,
465
Who Goes There?, 25, 897
Why the Solid South, 24, 1113
Whymper, Edward:
Chamounix and the Range of
Mount Blanc, 13, 600
Scrambles amongst the Alps, 13,
600
Zermatt and the Matterhorn, 13,
600
Wiedeman, Alfred:
Geschichte von Alt-Aegypten, 1,
433
Religion of the Ancient Egyptians,
1, 434
Wieland, Christoph Martin:
Aristippus and his Contemporaries,
25, 824
History of Agathon, The, 25, 824
Peregrinus Proteus, 25, 825
Republic of Fools: being the His-
tory of the State and People of
Abdera in Thrace, The, 25, 824
Wiener:
Bolivie et Perou, 21, 359
Chili et Chilians, 21, 360
Wiener, Leo P.:
Russian Anthology, A, 15, 389
Wild Humphrey Kynaston, 25, 851
Wild Norway, 16, 348
Wild Spain, 8, 550
Wild Tribes, The, 22, 515
Wildman, Rounsevelle:
China's Open Door, 6, 326
Wilkins, Mary E.:
Hart's Highway, The, 25, 891
Silence; and other Stories, 25, 892
Wilkinson, Sir J. Gardner:
Manners and Customs of the An-
cient Egyptians, I, 434
Wilkinson, Spenser:
Napoleon, the First Phase, 10, 510
Wilks, M.:
Historical Sketches of the South of
India in an attempt to trace the
History of Mysore, 5, 400
Will o' the Wasp, 25, 896
Willard, Rachael:
Catherine Douglas, 25, 871
Willert, P. F.:
Henry of Navarre, 9, 500
Mirabeau, 9, 500
Reign of Louis the Eleventh, 9,
500
William the Conqueror, 25, 846
William the Silent, 13, 598
William the Silent, Prince of Orange,
13, 598
AUTHORS AND TITLES
1049
William III, n, 649, 13, 599
Williams, Churchill:
Captain, The, 25, 898
Williams, E. E.:
Made in Germany, 18/460
Williams, Frederick Wells:
Real Menace of Russian Aggres-
sion, The, 20, 411
Williams, George W.:
History of the Negro Race in
America, 24, 1106, 11 12
Williams, H. Neel:
Hand of Leonore, The, 25, 839
Williams, Helen Maria:
Personal Narrative of Travels, 20,
402
Williams, L.:
Land of the Dons, The, 8, 550
Williams, Samuel Wells:
History of China, 6, 325
Middle Kingdom, 6, 325
Williams, Talcott:
Government of Tropical Colonies,
The, 20, 411
Williamson, Alexander:
Journeys in North China, 6, 329
Williamson, W. D.:
History of Maine, 24, 1108
Willie Reilly and his Dear Colleen
Bawn, 25, 869
Willoughby, Sir John C:
Narrative of Further Excavations
at Zimbabje, 19, 327
Willoughby Manor, 25, 853
Willowdene Will, 25, 874
Willson, Beckles:
Great Company, 1667-1871, The,
20, 407, 24, 1 107
Wilson, A. M.:
Sam Houston and the War of In-
dependence in Texas, 24, 11 13
Wilson, H. Hi:
Glossary of Judicial and Revenue
Terms and of Useful Words oc-
curring in Official Documents re-
lating to the Administration of
the Government of British India,
5, 394
Wilson, H. W.:
Downfall of Spain: Naval History
of the Spanish-American War, 8,
548
Wilson, Henry:
Rise and Fall of the Slave Power,
24, 1112, 1113
Wilson, J.:
Indian Caste, 5, 401
Wilson, James Harrison:
China, 6, 329
Wilson, Mary J.:
Knight of the Needle Rock and his
Days, The, 25, 853
Wilson, T. B.:
History of the Church and State
in Norway, 16, 347
Wilson, W.:
Division and Reunion, 24, 11 12
Wilson, W. J.:
History of the Madras Army, 5,
394
Wilson, W. P.:
Commercial Relations of the Uni-
ted States with the Far East, 20,
411
Wilson, William R. A.:
Rose of Normandy, A, 25, 838, 887
Wilson, Woodrow:
History of the American People,
24, 1 103
Winchester :
Swiss Republic, The, 13, 600
Winchester Meads, 25, 859
Winckler, Hugo:
Die Euphratlander und das Mit-
telmeer, 1, 435
Die Volker Vorderasiens, 1, 437
Geschichte Babyloniens und As-
syriens, 1, 435
Geschichte der Stadt Babylon, 1,
435 _
Geschichte Israels in Eingeldarstel-
lungen, 1, 441
Wind and Wave, 25, 876
Windsor Castle, 25, 851
Wing-and-Wing; or, Le Fen-follet,
25, 829
Wingfield, Lewis Strange:
My Lords of Strogue, 25, 870
Winifrede's Journal, 25, 854
Winning His Spurs, 25, 823
Winning of the West, The, 24, 1106
Winship, G. P.:
Coronado Expedition, 1 540-1542, 24,
1 107
1050
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Winsor, Justin:
Aboriginal America, 21, 357
Cartier to Frontenac, 34, 1108
Later History of British, Spanish,
and Portuguese America, 31, 358
Mississippi Basin, 34, 11 12
Narrative and Critical History of
America, 31, 358, 34, 1103, 1105
Spanish Explorations and Settle-
ments, 31, 358
Winthrop, John:
History of New England, 34, 1108
Winthrop, John, First Governor of
Massachusetts Colony, 34, 11 10
Winthrop, R. C:
Life and Letters of John Winthrop,
34, 1110
Winton, G. B.:
New Era in Old Mexico, 33, 517
Wisconsin Under French Dominion,
34, 1 108
Wisdom of Esau, The, 35, 888
Wise, B. H.:
Life of Henry A. Wise of Virginia,
24, 1 1 13
Wise, H. A.:
Seven Decades of the Union, 34,
1112
Wise, J. S.:
End of an Era, 34, 1114
Wiseman, N.:
Fabiola, 35, 826
Witch-Wife, The, 35, 873
With Give in India, 35, 831
With Cochrane the Dauntless, 35, 866
With Crockett and Bowie, 35, 896
With Essex in Ireland, 35, 869
With Fire and Sword, 35, 878
With Frederick the Great, 35, 884
With Kitchener in the Soudan, 35,
885
With Kitchener to Khartum, 19, 324
With Lee in Virginia, 25, 898
With Macdonald in Uganda, 19, 324
With Moore at Corunna, 25, 865
With Richard the Fearless: a tale of
the Red Crusade, 35, 847
With Sword and Crucifix, 35, 891
With Sword and Pen, 35, 832
With the Allies to Pekin, 25, 867
With the Black Prince, 25, 849
With the British Legion, 25, 834
With the King at Oxford, 25, 855
With the Kurram Field Force, 1878-
1879, 5, 396
With the Red Eagle, 35, 842, 882
With Washington in the West, 25,
892
With Wolfe in Canada, 25, 887
Within the Capes, 35, 896
Witte, John de, 13, 598
Wizard King, The, 25, 879, 881
Woe to the Conquered, 35, 825
Wolf, A.:
Oesterreich unter Maria Theresia,
Joseph II, und Leopold II, 17,
466
Wolfe of Badenoch, The, 35, 871
Wolf's Head, 35, 848
Wolseley, Garnet Joseph, Lord:
Decline and Fall of Napoleon, 10,
5io
Woman and a Creed, A, 35, 876
Woman of the Commune, A, 35, 844
Woman with the Velvet Necklace,
The, 35, 840
Woman's Courier, A, 35, 860
Won by the Sword, 35, 884
Won in Warfare, 35, 893
Wonder Book for Girls and Boys, A,
35, 824
Wonderful Story of Agnes and the
White Dove, The, 25, 868
Wonderful Story of Uganda, The, 19,
323
Wood, C. W.:
Glories of Spain, 8, 550
Letters from Majorca, 8, 550
Norwegian Byways, 16, 349
Romance of Spain, 8, 550
Wood, Charles:
On the Frontier with St. Clair, 35,
895
Wood, W. H. C:
Fight for Canada, The, 34, 1107
Wood of the Brambles, The, 35, 870
Woodburn, J. A.:
Causes of the Revolution, 34, mo
Woodman, The, 35, 851
Woods, Edith Elmer:
Spirit of the Service, The, 35, 900
Woods, Margaret L.:
Esther Vanhomrigh, 35, 861
King's Revoke, The, 35, 842
Sons of the Sword, 25, 865
Woodstock; or, The Cavalier, 25, 857
AUTHORS AND TITLES
1051
Woodward, W. H.:
Short History of the Expansion of
the British Empire, 1500-1890, 19,
324, 30, 405
Wooing of Osyth, The,' 25, 845
Wooley, E. C:
Reconstruction in Georgia, 24, 1114
Woolsey, Theodore S.:
Government of Dependencies, 20,
411
Woolson, Constance Fenimore:
East Angels, 25, 897
Rodman the Keeper, 25, 899
Worcester, Dean Conant:
Philippine Islands and Their Peo-
ple, 20, 403
Word of the Sorceress, The, 25, 885
Wordsworth, C:
Greece, Pictorial, Descriptive and
Historical, 2, 559
Workman and Soldier, 25, 844
Works of Captain John Smith, 24,
1 109
World Went Very Well Then, The,
25, 862
World's Desire, The, 25, 824
Worms, De:
Count Beust, 17, 468
Worsaae, Jens Jacob Asmussen:
Danes and Northmen in England,
Scotland and Ireland, 16, 347
Wounds in the Rain, 25, 900
Wright, Marie Robinson:
New Brazil: Its Resources and At-
tractions, Historical, Descriptive,
and Industrial, 31, 360
Picturesque Mexico, 22, 517
Wright, Robert:
Life of Major General James
Wolfe, 24, 1 1 10
Memoir of General James Ogle-
thorpe, 24, 1 1 10
Wright, William:
Empire of the Hittites, I, 437
Wulf the Saxon, 25, 846
Wulfric, the Weapon Thane, 25, 846
Wurzbach, C:
Archiv fur Kunde der Geschichts-
quellen Oesterreichs, 17, 466
Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiser-
thums Oesterreich, 17, 466
Die Oesterreich-Ungarische Mon-
archic in Wort und Bild, 17, 466
Wyeth, J. A.:
Life of General N. B. Forrest, 24,
1114
Wynne, May:
Ronald Lindsay, 25, 873
X, Y
Yale College, 24, 11 10
Yale Review, 20, 402
Yamagata Isoh:
History of Japan during the Cen-
tury of Early Foreign Inter-
course, 7, 332
Yarrow, H. C:
Introduction to the Study of Mortu-
ary Customs among the North
American Indians, 24, 1107
Yate, A. C:
England and Russia Face to Face
in Asia, Travels with the Afghan
Boundary Commission, 5, 401
Year after the Armada and other His-
torical Studies, The, 8, 547
Year of Miracles, The, 25, 876
Year of Revolution, from a Journal
Kept in Paris in 1848, A, 9, 501
Year One, The, 25, 840
Yeats, Sidney Kilner Levett:
Chevalier d'Auriac, The, 25, 837
Galahad of the Creeks, A, and other
Stories, 25, 832
Honour of Savelli, The, 25, 828
Lord Protector, The, 25, 857
Traitor's Way, The, 25, 836
Yellow Frigate, The, 25, 871
Yellow Shield, The, 25, 885
Yemassee, The, 25, 892
Yeoman, W. J.:
Woman's Courier, A, 25, 860
Yeoman Fleetwood, 25, 866
Yesterday's To-morrow, 25, 857
Yonge, C. D.:
Select Orations of Cicero, 3, 399
Yonge, Charlotte Mary:
Armourer's Prentices, The, 25, 851
Caged Lion, The, 25, 871
Chaplet of Pearls, The; or, The
White and the Black Ribaumont.
25, 836
Constable's Tower, The, 25, 849
Dove in the Eagle's Nest, The, 25,
883
1052
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Grisly Grisell, 25, 850
Kenneth, 25, 842, 878
Lances of Lynwood, The, 25, 849
Little Duke, The, 25, 834
Pilgrimage of the Ben Beriah, 25,
822
Prince and the Page, The, 25, 849
Reputed Changeling, A, 25, 857
Story of the Christians and Moors
in Spain, 8, 548
Stray Pearls, 25, 838
Two Penniless Princesses, 25, 850
Unknown to History, 25, 853, 872
Yorktown Campaign and the Surren-
der of Cornwallis, 1781, The, 24,
1110
Yoruba-speaking Peoples of the Slave
Coast of West Africa, The, 19, 325
Youma, 25, 889
Young, Alexander:
History of the Netherlands, 13, 599
Young, Arthur:
Tour in Ireland, 1776-1778, 12, 382
Travels in France During the Years
1787, 1788, 1789, 9, 502, 10, 508
Young Buglers, The, 25, 865
Young Colonists, The, 25, 885
Young Franc-Tireurs, The, 25, 844
Young Ireland, 12, 382
Young Macedonian, A, 25, 824
Young Pioneers, The, 25, 891
Young Queen of Hearts, The, 25, 854
Young Zemindar, The, 25, 831
Younghusband, G. J.:
Indian Frontier Warfare, 5, 401
Yoxall, James Henry:
Smalilou, 25, 862
Yule, Sir Henry:
Book of Ser Marco Polo the Vene-
tian, concerning the Kingdoms
and Marvels of the East, 5, 401,
6, 330
Zachary Phips, 25, 895
Zambesia: England's El-Dorado in
Africa, 19, 326
Zangwill, Israel:
Dreamers of the Ghetto, 25, 823
King of Schnorrers, The, 25, 824
Mantle of Elijah, The, 25, 867
Maker of Lenses, The, 25, 877
Zanoni, 25, 829
Zehn Jahre africanischen Lebens, 19,
321
Zehn Jahre deutscher Kamffe, 1865-
1874, 18, 459
Zeller, Edward:
Outlines of Greek Philosophy, 2,
SS9
Zeller, J.:
Histoire Resumee dTtalie, 4, 419
Pie IX, et Victor Emmanuel, 4, 422
Zend Avesta in Sacred Books of the
East, The, 1, 437
Zenobia, 25, 822, 826
Zermatt and Matterhorn, 13, 560
Zimmerman, Alfred:
Die europaischen Kolonien Schil-
derung ihrer Entstehung, Ent-
wickelung, Erfolge und Aussich-
ten, 20, 399
Die Kolonialpolitik der Nieder-
lander, 20, 409
Die Kolonialpolitik Frankiecs, 20,
409
Die Kolonialpolitik Grossbritan-
niens, 19, 324, 20, 405
Die Kolonialpolitik Portugals und
Spaniens, 8, 549, 20, 400, 403, 21,
358
Welt politisches: Beitrage und
Studien zur neueren Kolonialbe-
wegung, 20, 399
Zimmern, Helen:
Hansa Towns, The, 18, 459
Zinkeisen, Johann Wilhelm:
Geschichte des Osmanischen
Reiches in Europa, 14, 513
Zionists, The, 25, 824
Zola, Emile:
Attack on the Mill; and other
Sketches of War, The, 25, 844
Conquest of Plassans, The, 25, 843
Downfall, The, 25, 844
Fortune of the Rougons, The, 25,
843
His Excellency, 25, 843
Mysteries of Marseilles, The, 25,
843
Zoroaster, 25, 822
Zoroaster, ein Beitrag zur vergleichen-
den Geschichte der Religionen und
philosophischen Systeme des Mor-
gen- und Abendlandes, 1, 437
AUTHORS AND TITLES 1053
Zschokke, Johann Heinrich Daniel: Zur deutsche Geschichte vom Re-
Rose of Disentis, The, 25, 877 ligions-frieden bis zum dreissig-
Zung, L.: jahrigen Krieg, 18, 458
Die gottesdienstlichen. Vortrage der Zury, the Meanest Man in Spring
Juden, 1, 441 County, 25, 897
Anonymous
Arabian Nights' Entertainments, Girl of the Multitude, A, 25, 840
The, 25, 822 High Treason, 25, 862
Black Danes, The, 25, 846 Life of Saint Mary Magdalen, The,
Brave Dame Mary, 25, 846 25, 823
From the Front: Stories from the Pandurang Hari, 25, 831
Seat of War, 25, 886 Pericles, 25, 824
INDEX TO ARTISTS,
ILLUSTRATIONS, AND MAPS
ARTISTS, ILLUSTRATIONS,
AND MAPS
Abbot, L. F.:
Lord Horatio Nelson, n, 546
Abduction of Goshirakawa, 7, 56
Acadians, Embarkation of, 20, 160
Acquisition of territory by the United
States (map), 24, 986
Adam, Victor:
The Court of Napoleon I, 9, 324
Adamo, Max:
Last Interview Between William
of Orange and Count Egmont,
13, 102
Ademollo, C:
The First Meeting between King
Victor Emmanuel and Garibaldi,
4, 384
Africa: see also List of Illustrations,
vol. 19
Africa according to Herodotus (map),
19, 8
Africa after the Berlin Conference,
(map), 18, 118
Africa, British (map), 20, 257
Africa, British Central and South
(map), 19, 230
Africa, Darkest, In the Heart of, 19,
Frontispiece
Africa, East (map), 19, 187
Africa, French (map), 20, 277
Africa, Railroads and Water High-
ways (map), 19, 299
Africa, South (map), 20, 219
Africa, 1815 (map), 19, 43
African Campaign, Scene of Caesar's
(map), 3, 361
African Coast, Discoveries and Voy-
ages along (map), 19, 19
Ainos Worshipping, 7, 26
Ak-Kapana, The Gate of, 21, 214
"Alabama," Sinking of, 24, 882
Alaric the Goth Enters Rome, 4, 140
Albazin, The Surrender of, 6, Fron-
tispiece
Alexander the Great, 2, 500
Alexander, Death of, 2, 504
Alexander Tames Bucephalus, 2, 482
Alexander III and Frederick Barba-
rossa, Meeting of, 18, 152
Alexander's Empire in the East
(map), 5, 68
Alfonso VIII on the Battlefield of
Tolosa, 8, 100
Alhambra, The Lions' Court in, 8,
no
Aljubarota, Joam I of Portugal Gains
the Victory at, 8, 498
Alps, Hasdrubal Crosses the, 3, 128
Alva, Duke of, 13, no
America, Central (map), 22, 440
America, Spanish (map), 20, 44
Amerigo y Aparici, F. J.:
The Sack of Rome by the Troops
of Charles V, 4, 304
Ancestors, Worship of, 6, 40
Ancient Empires: see List of Illus-
trations, vol. 1
Andalusia, 8, 122
Andersen, Hans Christian, 16, 4
Anglo-India, 1760 (map), 5, 185
Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII Wooes,
11, 246
Anno 1793, 10, 286
Antartic Regions (map), 16, 333
Antoninus Pius, 4, 94
Apis, Procession of the Sacred Bull,
1, 42
1057
1058
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Apollo, Priestess of, 2, 12
Appius Claudius is Led into the Ro-
man Senate, 3, 78
Arabian Empire under the Last of the
Omayyads, The (map), I, 326
Aragon (map), 8, 229
Archimedes, Death of, 3, 124
Argentine-Republic: see List of Illus-
trations, vol. 21
Ariosto, 4, 318
Aristotle, 2, 484
Armada, Spanish, Destruction of, 23,
54
Arrival of a Semitic Horde, 1, 18
Art, Early Babylonian, 1, 76
Ashur-bani-pal's Battle against Teum-
man of Elam, 1, 90
Asia, 600 B. C. (map), 2, 121
Asia, ca. 1400 A. D. (map), 5, 338
Asia, Assyrian Ascendency in, ca.
660 B. C. (map), 1, 86
Asia, The Russian Advance in Central
(map), 5, 367
Aspasia and Pericles, 2, 254
Assaye, Battle of, 5, 13*
Assyria: see List of Illustrations, vol.
I
Assyrian Ascendency in Asia, ca. 660
B. C. (map), I, 86
Assyrian Empire, Dismemberment of,
ca. 585 B. C. (map), 1, 159
Atahualpa is Garrotted at the Stake,
21, 20
Athenian Empire, The, ca. 445 B. C.
(map), 2, 259
Athens, An Audience in, 2, 152
Augustus, Statue of, 4, 36
Austria after Peace of Passarowitz
(map), 14, 291
Austria after the Treaties of Utrecht
and Rastadt, 1713-1714 (map), 17,
190
Austria at beginning of 17th century
(map), 17, 205
Austria, 1815 (map), 17, 322
Austria-Hungary, Races of (map), 17,
8
Austria-Hungary: see also List of Il-
lustrations, vol. 17
Austrian Empire, 1848 (map), 17, 362
Autochthons of New Zealand, 20, 210
B
Baal-Moloch, Driving the Living Vic-
tims into the Furnace of, 1, 126
Babylonia: see also List of Illustra-
tions, vol. 1
Babylonia and Assyria, 1250 B. C.
(map), 1, 65
Babylonian Art, Early, 1, 76
Babylonian Cylinders, The Oldest, 1,
66
Bacon, Sir Francis, 11, 310
Balaca, R.:
An Attack by Basque Carlists in
the War of 1872-1876, 8, 512
Baldwin VI Grants Flandrian Con-
stitution, 13, 24
Baltic, Russia's Acquisition on the
(map), 16, 253
Baltic Lands, The, ca. 1000 A. D.
(map), 15, 5
Baltic Lands, The, early 12th century
(map), 16, 84
Baltic Lands, The, 17th century
(map), 16, 177
Baltic Lands, The, ca. 1701 (map),
15, 116
Baltic Lands, The, ca. 1795 (map),
15, 205
Bannockburn, Battle of, 12, 280
Bannockburn, Battle of (map), 12,
279
Barbarians, Invasion of the, 3, 302
Barbassan, M.:
Pedro III of Aragon Hastening to
the Succor of Messina, 8, 244
Barrias, F. J.:
Camille Desmoulins in the Gar-
den of the Palais Royal, 10, 56
Barricade during the Revolution of
1830, A, 9, 390
Bastile, In the Lowest Dungeon of
the, 10, 66
Bathory, Stephen, Russian Embassy
Begs, for Peace, 15, 80
Baur, A.:
Emperor Otto I Views the Body of
Thankmar, 18, 108
Beck, David:
Christina, Queen of Sweden, 16,
204
ARTISTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
1059
Beckman, W.:
The Hussite Wars, 17, 136
Behaim, Martin, Map of the World
by (map), 20, 36
Belgium: see also List of Illustra-
tions, vol. 13
Belgium and Holland (map), 13, 302
Benburb, Battle of (map), 12, 121
Benczur, Gyula:
Entry of the Victorious Austrian
Troops into the Fortress of Buda,
17, 230
The arrest of Francis Rakoczi II,
17, 232
Berkeley, Stanley:
Charge of the Scots Greys at the
Battle of Waterloo, 9, Frontis-
I piece
For God and For King, 11, Fron-
tispiece
Judge Lynch, 24, 596
Berlin, The Plenipotentiaries at,
1878, 14, 486
Berlin Conference, Africa after
(map), 18, 118
Bibal, the Black Abyssinian, Chants
the Adzan from the top of a
Minaret, 14, Frontispiece
Bida, A.:
Massacre of the Mamelukes, 1, 38
Biow:
Friedrich Heinrich Alexander,
Baron von Humboldt, 22, 228
Bismarck, 18, 420
Bodyguard of a Persian King, The,
5, 318
Bohemia, Campaign in, 1866 (map),
18, 411
Bohrdt, Hans:
Admiral Drake's Squadron Inter-
cepting the Mexican Galleon, 22
134
Bolivar, Statue of, 21, 84
Boomers Entering Oklahoma Terri-
tory, 24, 986
Bosphorus, The, and Constantinople
(map), 14, 87
Boston and Environs (map), 23, 232
Boston Massacre, The, 23, 216
Boyne, Battle of the (map), 12, 142
Bravi Receiving Reward from Council
of Three, 4, 248
Brazil: see also List of Illustrations,
vol. 21
Brazil (map), 21, 173
Bridgman, Frederick A.:
Procession of the Sacred Bull Apis,
1, 42
The Diversions of a Persian King
1,178
Brierly, O. W.:
Caribbean Sea Pirates Attacking
Spanish Galleons, 22, 414
Destruction of the Spanish Armada,
23, 54
British Africa (map), 20, 257
British Central Africa (map), 19, 230
British Colonies in the South Seas
(map), 20, 181
British Isles during the Great Re-
bellion (map), 11, 350
British Isles in the 8th Century
(map), 12, 251
British Possessions, 1903 (map), 11,
631
British Possessions in Farther India
(map), 5, 211
British South Africa (map), 19, 230
Brompton, Richard:
William Pitt, First Earl of Chat-
ham, 11, 500
Brozik, Vaclav:
A Hussite Priest Administers the
Holy Communion, 17, Frontis-
piece
The Engagement of the Grandchil-
dren of Maximilian I, 17, 174
The Imperial Deputies Are Thrown
out of the Window of the Council
Chamber, 18, Frontispiece
Bruening, E.:
Assassination of Gustavus III, 16,
248
Brussels, Mary of Burgundy Swears
to Respect the Rights of, 13, 50
Bucephalus, Alexander Tames, 2, 482
Buda, Entry of Austrian Troops into,
17, 230
Buddha and his Disciples, 5, 56
Bull, Procession of the Sacred, 1, 42
Burbage, R.:
William Shakespeare, 11, 302
Burgundy and France, Border Lands
of (map), 9, 122
1060
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Burgundy's Dominions under Charles
the Rash (map), 13, 49
Burnand, E.:
The Flight of Charles the Bold Af-
ter the Battle of Nancy, 13, 408
Burr, Aaron, and Alexander Hamil-
ton, Duel between, 23, 402
Caesar, Gaius Julius, 3, 362
Caesar, Assassination of, 4, Frontis-
piece
Caesar's African Campaign, Scene of
(map), 3, 361
Cain, G.:
A Barricade During the Revolu-
tion of 1830, 9, 390
Calhoun, John C, 23, 472
Camoens, 8, 540
Camphausen, William von:
Maria Theresa, Empress of Aus-
tria, 17, 252
Canaan, Route of Israelites from
Egypt to (map), 1, 375
Canossa, Henry IV at, 18, 134
Capitol, The, Washington, D. C, 24,
826
Capitoline Geese, The, 3, 58
Caracalla, 4, 102
Caracas, Statue of Bolivar in, 31, 84
Caravan of Pilgrims on the Road to
Mecca, 1, 340
Caribbean Sea Pirates Attack Spanish
Galleons, 22, 414
Carlists, An Attack by Basque, 8,
512
Carlos I, 8, 340
Carpentier, E.:
The Revolution in the Vendee, 1795,
10, 350
Carthage and her Maritime and Co-
lonial Dominion (map), 3, 92
Carthage and Rome at End of First
and Second Punic Wars (map), 3,
no
Carthage, Storming the Byrsa of, 3,
164
Cassowary, Gauchos Following the,
21, 118
Castres, E.:
In a Japanese Artist's Studio, 7,
106
Catharine de' Medici, 9, 142
Catherine the Great, 15, 164
Catilina, Cicero Denounces, 3, 282
Caucasian Provinces, The (map), 14,
363
Cavour, 4, 372
Caxton Exhibits his Press to Edward
IV, 11, 230
Cecil, William, Lord Burghley, 11,
274
Cederstrom, G. von:
The Body of Charles XII Carried
from Frederikshald, 15, 66
Celline, Benevenuto, 4, 254
Central America (map), 22, 440
Cervera, Defeat of, at Santiago, 24,
1030
Champagne, Phillippe de:
Cardinal Richelieu, 9, 184
Champlain, Samuel de, Route of
(map), 23, 49
Champlain Surrenders Quebec to Ad-
miral Kirke, 20, 82
Chappel, A.:
The Inca Atahualpa is Garrotted
at the Stake, 21, 20
Chapultepec, Storming of, 24, 550
Chapultepec, The Castle of, 22, 366
Charge of the Scots Greys, 9, Fron-
tispiece
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor,
Death of, 8, 352
Charles I of England, 11, 321
Charles I of England, Death Warrant
of, 11, 360
Charles II of England, 11, 398
Charles XII of Sweden, Body of, car-
ried from Frederikshald, 15, 66
Charles XII of Sweden, Campaigns
of (map), is, 45
Charles XII of Sweden, during the
Battle of Poltava, 16, 220
Charles the Bold, 18, 216
Charles the Bold, The Flight of, 13.
408
Charles the Rash, Burgundy's Do*
minions under (map), 13, 49
Charleston Harbor (map), 24, 712
ARTISTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
1061
Charter Grants, English, in America,
33, 98
Chartran, T.:
Ambroise Pare Performs the First
Ligature Operation upon an Ar-
tery, 9, 146
Chase, Hispano-Americans Following
the, 20, 24
Checa, Ulpiano:
The Destruction of Pompeii and
Herculaneum, 4, 82
Childeric III Dethroned, 9, 38
Chili: see also List of Illustrations,
vol. 21
Chili, Threshing out Grain in Modern,
21, 230
China: see also List of Illustrations,
vol. 6
China and Manchura, Foreign Spheres
of Influence in (map), 7, 278
China, Districts Ravaged by Insur-
rection (map), 6, 216
China, Northern (map), 6, 45
China Proper (map), 6, 31
China, The Dowager Empress of, 6,
278
China, The Southern Provinces
(map), 6, 84
China, Treaty Ports (map), 6, 166
Chinese Eastern Coast (map), 6, 139
Chinese History, Heroes and Hero-
ines from Early, 6, 26
Chinese Justice, Administration of,
6, 180
Chino-Japanese War (map), 6, 267
Chino-Japanese War, First Engage-
ments of (map), 7, 261
Christian of Brunswick Sacking a
Cloister, 18, 270
Christina, Queen of Sweden, 16, 204
Cicero Denounces Catilina, 3, 282
Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 3, 316
Cimbric Fury, The, 3, 192
Circumpolar Stations, The (map),
16, 319
Clairin, G.:
The Conquerors of Damascus, 1, 278
Clay, Henry, 23, 452
Clay, Henry, Addresses the Senate,
24, 602
Clovis Receives Baptism, 9, 18
Code of Hammurabi, 1, 112
Coello, Alonso Sanchez:
Don John of Austria, 14, 196
Cogen, Felix:
Peter the Great at Zaardam, 15, 32
Colombia: see also List of Illustra-
tions, vol. 21
Colombia (map), 21, 89
Colonies of the World: see List of
Illustrations, vol. 20
Columbus, Isabella Pledges her Jew-
els to, 8, 186
Commercial Centers, Chief South
American (map), 21, 268
Commercial Towns of the Middle
Ages, 13, 60
Commune in Paris, The Reign of
the, 9, 47o
Communion, The, a Hussite Priest
Administers, 17, Frontispiece
Congo Region (map), 19, 73
" Congress," " Merrimac " Sinks the,
24, 754
Conquerors of Damascus Laying the
Spoils of their Victory at Abyla
before the Invincible Khalid, 1,
278
Conrader, G.:
Storming the Byrsa of Carthage,
3, 164
Conradin Hears his Death Warrant
Read, 18, 170
Constant, Benjamin:
The Emperor Justinian Orders the
Compilation of the Laws of the
Empire into a Code, 2, 532
Entry of Mohammed II into Con-
stantinople, 14, 80
Constantinople and the Bosphorus
(map), 14, 87
Constantinople, Entry of Mohammed
II into, 14, 80
Cooper, Samuel:
Charles II, II, 398
Corday, Charlotte, Assassinates
Marat, 10, 268
Cormon, F.:
The Victors of the Battle of Sala-
mis Singing Pseans to Neptune
and the God of War, 2, 204
Cortez, Hernando, 22, 74
Cortez in the Battle of Otumba, 22,
40
1062
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Cortez, March of, to Mexico (map),
22, 53
Cotando, V. Nicolau:
The Expulsion of the Moriscos
from Granada, 8, 370
Courbet, Admiral, Storming of Hue
by, 20, 273
Court of Solomon, 1, 388
Cranach, Lucas:
Martin Luther, 18, 244
Cressy, The Battle of, 9, 94
Crimea, The Peninsula of the (map),
14, 456
Crimean War, The (map), 15, 314
Cromwell, Oliver, 11, 321
Crusade, Preaching the First, 18, 138
Cylinders, The Oldest Babylonian, 1,
66
Cyrus the Great, Tomyris Laves the
Head of, in Blood, 1, 162
Danes, Conversion of the, to Chris-
tianity, 16, 30
Dante, 4, 278
Danube Canal, The New (map), 17,
416
Darkest Africa, In the Heart of, 19,
Frontispiece
Darwin, Charles Robert, II, 612
David, Jacques Louis:
Socrates Drinks the Hemlock, 2,
Frontispiece
Leonidas at the Pass of Ther-
mopylae, 2, 192
The Sabine Women, 3, 20
Davidson, J. O.:
The "Merrimac" sinks the "Con-
gress," 24, 754
The Sinking of the " Alabama " by
the " Kearsarge," 24, 882
Degrain, Munoz:
Queen Isabella Pledges her Jewels,
8, 186
Delaroche, Paul:
Napoleon Crossing the Saint Ber-
nard, 10, 438
Lord Strafford on the Road to
Execution, 11, 338
Delhi, At the Court of the Mogul at,
5, Frontispiece
Delort, C:
Expedition Against Louisburg, 23,
164
Delphi, Priestess of Apollo on the
Tripod at, 2, 12
Demosthenes, 2, 464
Denmark: see also List of Illustra-
tions, vol. 16
Denmark in the Age of Vikings
(map), 16, 17
Deputies, The Imperial, Are Thrown
out of the Window of the Council
Chamber, 18, Frontispiece
Descartes, Rene, 13, 482
Desmoulins, Camille, in the Garden
of the Palais Royal, 10, 56
Desnoyers, Baron:
Thomas Jefferson, 23, 386
Destruction of Roman Legions in the
Teutoburg Forest, 4, 44
Detaille, E.:
General Negrier Attacking Lang-
son, 6, 250
Diaz, 22, Frontispiece
Dicksee, Frank:
The Forcible Embarkation and Ex-
patriation of the Acadians by the
English in 1755, 20, 160
Dietz, Fedor:
The Destruction of Heidelberg, 18,
304
Dinant, The Massacre at, 13, 42
Discoveries and Voyages along the
African Coast (map), 19, 19
Discovery, Progress of Portuguese
(map), 20, 34
Discovery, Voyages of (map), II,
232, 21, 9
Disraeli, Benjamin, Earl of Beacons-
field, 11, 624
Diversions of a Persian King, 1, 178
Djem in Rome, 14, 112
Dominions and Dependencies of
Alexander, ca. 323 B. C. (map), 2,
506
Dowager Empress of China, The, 6,
278
Doyle, Richard:
Daniel O'Connell, 12, 226
Dragon, The Procession of the, 6,
162
Drake's Squadron Intercepting the
Mexican Galleon, 22, 134
ARTISTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
1063
Dresden Maya Manuscript, 22, 82
Duel between Aaron Burr and Alex-
ander Hamilton, 23, 402
Dumas, Alexander, 9, 490
Dumenil:
Louis XVI, 10, 24
Duplessis, Joseph Silfrede:
Benjamin Franklin, 23, 236
Dupray, N.:
Death of General Wolfe, 20, 118
Durand, G.:
Lobengula Warriors Assegaing an
English Trooper, 19, 220
E
East, Alexander's Empire in the
(map), 5, 68
East in the Time of Mithradates and
Tigranes, The (map), 3, 214
East Indies, 1906 (map), 20, 287
East Indies, Portuguese, 16th cen-
tury (map), 20, 47
Eastern Hemisphere, German Terri-
tory in (map), 20, 301
Ecuador: see also List of Illustra-
tions, vol. 21
Ecuador (map), 21, 89
Edo Government, Downfall of
(map), 7, 168
Edward I Presents the First Prince
of Wales, 11, 144
Edward IV, Caxton Exhibits his
Press to, 11, 230
Edward J.V, Murder of the Children
of, 10, 220
Edward VI, 11, 264
Egger-Lienz, Albin:
The Call to Arms of the Tyrolean
Peasants, 17, 296
Egmont, Count, and William of
Orange, 13, 102
Egmont, Guards paying Homage to
Body of, 13, Frontispiece
Egypt: see also List of Illustrations,
vol. 1
Egypt, Ancient (map), 1, 7
Egypt to Canaan, Route of Israelites
from (map), 1, 375
" 1807," 10, Frontispiece
1812, War of (map), 23, 421
Elizabeth, 11, 274
Elizabeth, Coronation of, 17, 398
Empress of China, The Dowager, 6,
278
England: see also List of Illustra-
tions, vol. 11
England, Christian Missions (map),
11, 26
England, Northern, and Scotland,
I7I5-I745 (map), 12, 361
England, Saxon (map), 11, 49
England, South of, 1 685-1689 (map),
11, 432
English Charter Grants in America
(map), 23, 98
English, Hongkong ceded to the, 6,
134
English Possessions in France (map),
ii, 129
English Settlements in India, Early
(map), 5, 164
Entry of Godfrey de Bouillon into
Jerusalem, 9, 70
Erasmus, Desiderius, 13, 62
Eumenes II Appealing to the Roman
Senate, 3, 148
Europe, 1815 (map), 9, 373, 10, 500,
18, 397
Europe, end of 7th century (map),
17, 24
Europe, Central, ca. 980 A. D. (map),
18, 117
Europe, Central, 10th century (map),
17, 177
Europe, Central, 10th and 12th cen-
turies (map), 13, 348
Europe, Central, 1180 (map), 18, 154
Europe, Central, in the Early 16th
century (map), 4, 294
Europe, Central, 1810 (map), 18, 378
Europe, Northeastern, 1700 (map),
18, 318
Europe, Southeastern, at the Time of
the Entrance of the Ottomans
(map), 14, 26
Europe, Southeastern, ca. 910 A. D.
(map), 17, 43
Europe, Southeastern, during the
Crusades, 1095-1270 (map), 17, 92
Europe, Southeastern, 1906 (map),
17, 425
Expulsion of the Moriscos, The, 8,
370
1064.
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Farthest North (map), 16, 323
Feast of Nabonidus, The, I, 400
Five Maratha Houses, The (map), 5,
134
Flameng, Frangois:
The Last Supper of the Girondists,
10, 264
Marie Antoinette on the way to her
Execution, 10, 278
Florence, Campanile and Dome at,
4, 284
Florence, Savonarola Preaches in, 4,
282
Formosa, Pescadores, and Wei-hai-
Wei (map), 7, 270
Forrestier, A.:
The Sultan of Morocco, 19, 246
Fort Ki-kwan, Assault against, 7, 312
France: see also Lists of Illustra-
tions, vols. 9 and 10
France after the Expulsion of the
English (map), 9, 118
France, Ancient Provinces of (map),
10, 6
France and Burgundy, Border Lands
of (map), 9, 122
France at the Height of Napoleon's
Power (map), 10, 468
France, Campaigns of 1813-1815
(map), 10, 489
France, English Possessions in
(map), 11, 129
France, Historic Places of the Revo-
lutionary Epoch (map), 10, 211
France, The Barrier Towns (map),
9, 225
France, The Three Bishoprics and
Lorraine (map), 9, 146
France, The Vendean Insurrection
(map), 10, 344
France under Hugh Capet (map), 9,
64
Francis Joseph, Coronation of, 17,
398
Francis Rakoczi II, The Arrest of,
17. 232
Franklin, Benjamin, 23, 236
Frederick Barbarossa and Alexander
III, Meeting of, 18, 152
Frederick the Great at the Bier of
General Schwerin, 18, 334
Frederick the Great before the Battle
of Leuthen, 17, 244
Frederick William, the Great Elec-
tor, Receives French Emigres, 18,
300
Frederick the Handsome, Capture of,
17, 100
Frederick III, Ambassador of, and
the Grand Vizier Raghib Pasha, 14,
3i8
French Africa (map), 20, 277
French Emigres, Frederick the Great
Elector Receives, 18, 300
French Knights at the Battle of
Cressy, The, 9, 94
Frenzeny, F.:
The Worship of Ancestors, 6, 40
Friedland, Napoleon at, 10, Frontis-
piece
Friedrich, O.:
Henry IV at Canossa, 18, 134
Fritsche, O.:
The Cimbric Fury, 3, 192
Fiigel, Gebhard:
St. Ambrose, Bishop of Milan, Re-
fuses the Emperor Theodosius
Admission into his Church, 2, 528
Galileo, John Milton Visits the Aged,
4, 322
Galloit, Louis:
The Civic-Guards of Brussels Pay-
ing Their Last Homage to the
Bodies of Counts Egmont and
Horn, 13, Frontispiece
Garfield, President, Inauguration of,
24, 932
Garibaldi, 4, 372
Garibaldi and Victor Emmanuel, 4.
384
Garibaldi's Campaign in the Two Si-
cilies, i860 (map), 4, 385
Gasca, Pedro de la, 21, 26
Gattic, A.:
Lafayette's First Meeting with
Washington, 23, 268
Gauchos Following the Cassowary,
21, 118
Gaul in the Time of Caesar (map), 3
293
ARTISTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
1065
Gaupp, G.:
Christian of Brunswick Sacking a
Cloister, 18, 270
Geese, The Capitoline, 3, 58
Geets, W.:
The Attempt to Restore Reason
to Joanna of Spain, 13, 52
George III, II, 570
Gerard, F.:
Louis de Camoens, 8, 540
Josephine, Empress of the French,
10, 480
German Territory in the Eastern
Hemisphere (map), 20, 301
Germania Magna (map), 18, 14
Germany: see also List of Illustra-
tions, vol. 18
Germany, 1648 (map), 18, 294
Germany, Territories of, 1903 (map),
18, 450
Gerome, Jean Leon:
Police Verso, 3, 382
Persian Carpet Bazaar, 5, 368
Bilal Chants the Adzan, 14, Frontis-
piece
Gheerards, Marc:
William Cecil, Lord Burghley, 11,
274
Ghent, Entry of Maximilian into, 18,
218
Giaradet, P. J.:
Reign of the Commune in Paris, 9,
470
Gilbert, Sir John:
The Salon of Madame de Mainte-
non, 9, 216
Richard II Resigns the Crown to
Henry of Lancaster, 11, 186
Giotto:
Dante Alighieri, 4, 278
Girondists, The Last Supper of, 10,
264
Gisbert, A.:
Landing of the Pilgrim Fathers at
Plymouth, 23, 84
Godfrey de Bouillon, Entry of, into
Jerusalem, 9, 170
Goethe, 18, 352
Gordon, Murder of, 19, 84
Goshirakawa, Abduction of, 7, 56
Graeff:
Schiller, 18, 352
Grain, Threshing out, in Modern
Chili, 21, 230
Granada, Surrender of, 8, Frontis-
piece
Granada, The Lion's court in the Al-
hambra at, 8, no
Grand Army, Return of, from Russia,
9, 342
Gravelotte, Battle of, 9, 464
Greece: see also List of Illustrations,
vol. 2
Greece, ca. 550 B. C. (map), 2, 19
Greece at the Outbreak of the Pepo-
ponnesian War, 431 B. C. (map), 2,
273
Greece during the Invasion of Xerxes
(map), 2, 213
Greece, Homeric Map of (map), 2,
37
Greek Colonies in Sicily and Italy
(map), 2, 221
Grey, Lady Jane, 11, 270
Griepankerl, Christopher:
Eumenes II appealing to the Ro-
man Senate, 3, 148
Grotemeyer, Franz:
Commissioners arranging the Peace
of Westphalia, 13, 216
Guards paying Homage to the Bodies
of Counts Egmont and Horn, 13,
Frontispiece
Guesnet, Louis:
Roland in the Battle of Ronces-
valles, 9, 42
Guillonet, O. D. V.:
The Invasion of the Barbarians, 3,
302
Guinea, Gulf of (map), 19, 108
Gustavus (I) Vasa, Abdication of, 16,
158
Gustavus (II) Adolphus, Body of,
Carried to Sweden, 16, 184
Gustavus III, Assassination of, 16,
248
H
Hadrianus, 4, 90
Hals, Franz:
Michel de Ruyter, 13, 232
Rene Descartes, 13, 482
Hamilton, Alexander, 23, 322
1066
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Hamilton, Alexander, and Aaron
Burr, Duel between, 23, 402
Hammurabi, Code of, I, 112
Hannibal, 3, 146
Hannibal Crosses the Rhone, 3, 130
Hasdrubal Crosses the Alps, 3, 128
Hastings, Warren, 5, 188
Hauschild, Wilhelm:
Charles XII During the Battle of
Poltava, 16, 220
Healey, G. P.:
Daniel Webster Delivers his Great
Speech Against the Doctrine of
Nullification, 33, 490
Heere, Lucas de:
Lady Jane Grey, II, 270
Heidelberg, Destruction of, 18, 304
Hellquist, C. G.:
Valdemar IV of Denmark Sacks
Wisby, 16, 114
The Body of Gustavus Adolphus
Conveyed from the Harbor of
Wolgast, 16, 184
John Huss is led to the Funeral
Pyre, 17, 124
Hennebicq, A.:
Baldwin VI Grants the First Flan-
drian Constitution, 13, 24
Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor,
at Canossa, 18, 134
Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor,
Henry the Lion Before, 18, 156
Henry VIII of England, 11, 236
Henry VIII of England Woos Anne
Boleyn, 11, 246
Henry III of France and his Pet
Dogs, 9, 164
Henry the Lion before Henry VI, 18,
156
Herculaneum and Pompeii, Destruc-
tion of, 4, 82
Herodotus, Africa According to
(map), 19, 8
Herodotus Reads his History at
Olympia, 2, 260
Heroes and Heroines from Early
Chinese History, 6, 26
Hersent, Louis:
Abdication of Gustavus Vasa, 16,
158
Hildebrandt, E.:
Pericles and Aspasia, 2, 254
Hindu Temple, The Interior of, 5,
84
Hispaniola, Naval Expedition against,
22, 180
Hispano-Americans Following the
Chase, 20, 24
Holbein, Hans:
Henry VIII, 11, 236
Desiderius Erasmus, 13, 62
Holland: see also List of Illustra-
tions, vol. 13
Holland and Belgium (map), 13, 302
Holstein and Slesvig (map), 16, 271
Holy Alliance Compact, The, 23, 446
Holy Roman Empire, The (map), 4,
189
Holyrood Castle, Murder of Rizzio
at, 12, 316
Homer, 2, 38
Hongkong ceded to the English, 6,
134
Hongkong, The Procession of the
Dragon in, 6, 162
Horn, Guards paying Homage to
Body of, 13, Frontispiece
House of Parliament, Dublin, 12,
Frontispiece
Hudson, Lower, Loss of (map), 23,
245
Hudson, Upper, Struggle for (map),
23, 256
Hue, Storming of, 20, 273
Hugo, Victor, 9, 490
Hulm, K. F.:
Massacre of St. Bartholomew,
Paris, 1572, 9, 158
Humboldt, Alexander von, 22, 228
Huntington, Daniel:
A Reception at Martha Washing-
ton's House, 23, 372
Huss, John, is led to the Funeral
Pyre, 17, 124
Hussite Priest Administers the Com-
munion, A, 17, Frontispiece
Hussite Wars, The, 17, 136
Imperial Deputies Are Thrown out
of the Window of the Council
Chamber, 18, Frontispiece
ARTISTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
1067
Inca and Coya Attended by their
Ccumillu, 21, Frontispiece
India: see also List of Illustrations,
vol. 5
India (map), II, 503
India, 1800 (map), 20, 144
India, Early English Settlements in
(map), 5, 164
India, Farther, British Possessions
in (map), 5, 211
India, Physical Features (map), 5, 14
India, Railroads of (map), 5, 224
Indian Empire, The, 1886 (map), 5,
268
Indulgence, Letter of, 18, 234
Invasion of the Barbarians, The, 3,
302
Ireland: see also List of Illustrations,
vol. 13
Ireland, 1550 (map), 12, 81
Ireland, Five Provinces of (map), 12,
22
Irish Manuscript, Facsimile of an, 12,
32
Isabella Pledges her Jewels to Co-
lumbus, 8, 186
Isabey, Jean Baptiste:
The Congress of Vienna, 17, 312
Israel and Judah, Kingdoms of
(map), 1, 396
Israel, Tribes of (map), 1, 396
Issus, Battle of, 2, 492
Isurikoff, U. J.:
The Conquest of Siberia, 15, 18
Italian Cities, Trade Routes of
(map), 4, 237
Italian Sphere in Africa (map), 19,
211
Italy: see also List of Illustrations,
vol. 4
Italy after the Congress of Vienna
(map), 4, 350
Italy, Campaigns in, 1794-1800 (map),
10, 382
Italy, Greek Colonies in (map), 2,
221
Italy in the 15th century (map), 4,
266
Italy, Rome as Mistress of (map), 3,
86
Italy, The Peoples of Early (map), 3,
60
Ivan the Terrible, Death of, 15, 14
Ivanovics, P.:
The Destruction of the Roman Le-
gions under Varus, 4, 44
Jacquerie, The, 9, 100
Jain Temple, The Interior of a, 5, 64
James I, II, 310
James II hears News of the Landing
of the Prince of Orange, 11, 428
Jameson, Dr., Raid of, 19, 278
Jamin, P.:
In the Lowest Dungeon of the
Bastile, 10, 66
Janet:
Mary Queen of Scots, 12, 326
Janssen, P.:
Prayer of the Swiss Before the
Battle of Sempach, 13, 380
Henry the Lion Before the Em-
peror Henry VI, 18, 156
Japan: see also List of Illustrations,
vol. 7
Japan, before the 5th century (map),
7, 10
Japan, 12th century (map), 7, 61
Japan, Central (map), 7, 124
Japan, Island Possessions of (map),
7, 193
Japan, Northern (map), 7, 85
Japan, Sea of, Battle of (map), 7, 315
Japan, Southern (map), 7, 99
Japanese Advance to Liao-yang
(map), 7, 309
Japanese Artist's Studio, In a, 7, 106
Japanese Fishing with Cormorants,
7,8
Japanese Lady being Ferried across a
River, 7, 150
Japanese Nobleman, Home of a, 7,
44
Japanese Ports Opened to Foreign
Trade (map), 7, 159
Japanese Torpedo Boats nearing Port
Arthur, 7, 306
Jefferson, Thomas, 23, 386
Jerusalem, 70 A. D. (map), 4, 80
Jerusalem, Entry of Godfrey de
Bouillon into, 9, 170
1068
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Jews, Pharaoh's Hosts Pursuing the
Fleeing, I, 374
Joam I of Portugal Gains the Victory
at Aljubarota, 8, 298
Joan of Arc on Trial, 9, 116
Joanna of Spain, Attempt to Restore
Reason to, 13, 52
John of Austria, Don, 14, 196
John of England Confirming the
Great Charter, 11, 126
John II of France, Capture of, at
Poictiers, 9, 98
John Sobieski Raises the Siege of
Vienna, 14, 250
Josephine, Empress of the French,
10, 480
Joy, W. G.:
The Murder of General Gordon, 19,
84
Juarez, 22, Frontispiece
Judah and Israel, Kingdom of (map),
1, 396
"Judge Lynch," 24, 596
Julian de' Medici, Assassination of,
4, 268
Justice, Administration of Chinese, 6,
180
Justice, The Sword of, 1, 350
Justinian Orders Compilation of the
Laws into a Code, 2, 532
K
Kiushti, Insurrection in (map), 7, 181
Klein, E.:
Tilly Enters the Burning Magde-
burg, 18, 280
Kmille, Otto:
Foot Races at Olympia, 2, 44
The School of Plato at Syracuse, 1,
414
Knackfuss, H.:
Capture of Frederick the Hand-
some, 17, 100
Knapp, G.:
The Court of the King of Zion, 18,
250
Kneller, Sir Godfrey:
John Locke, 11, 418
Sir Isaac Newton, 11, 418
Koberstein, B.:
Anno 1793, 10, 286
Koekkoek, H. W.:
The Japanese and Russian Com-
manders of the Late War, 7,
Frontispiece
Korea (map), 7, 117
Korea and Manchuria (map), 7, 268
Kossak, Wojciech:
"All is quiet at Warsaw," 15, 324
Krike, Admiral, Champlain Surren-
ders Quebec to, 20, 82
Kuehnert, William:
In the Heart of the Dark Conti-
nent, 19, Frontispiece
Kaempfer, E.:
The Death of Nero, 4, 68
Kampf, Arthur:
The Return of the Grand Army
from Russia, 9, 342
Conversion of the Danes, 16, 30
Frederick the Great before the Bat-
tle of Leuthen, 17, 244
Kaulbach, Hermann:
Louis XI of France in Prison at
Peronne, 9, 122
Entertainment afforded Djem in
Rome, 14, 112
King of Zion, The Court of the, 18,
250
Kirchbach, F.:
Joam I of Portugal Gains the Vic-
tory at Aljubarota, 8, 298
Lafayette's First Meeting with Wash-
ington, 23, 268
Land, Cession of, to the United
States, 1784-1802 (map), 23, 316
Langenmantel, Ludwig von:
Savonarola Preaches in Florence,
1494, 4, 282
Langlois, Charles:
The Last Charge at Missolonghi,
14, 416
Langson, Negrier Attacking, 6, 250
Last Call to Arms, The, 17, 296
Latium, Ancient (map), 3, 8
Laurens, Jean Paul:
Maximilian Going to Execution,
24, 876
ARTISTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
1069
Le Brun, Madame Vigee:
Marie Antoinette, 10, 24
Legions, Destruction of Roman, 4,
44
Leif Ericson and his Adventurous
Crew, 23, 20
Leire, Rolf Krake holds Court at, 16,
Frontispiece
Lely, Sir Peter:
Charles I, II, 320
Lenbach, Franz von:
Moltke, 18, 420
Bismarck, 18, 420
Lenoir, Paul:
The Persian Army Capturing Pe-
lusium, 1, 32
A Japanese Lady being Ferried
across a River, 7, 150
Leon, Charles Hermann:
Henry III, the last of the Valois,
and his Pet Dogs, 9, 164
Leonidas and his Three Hundred
Spartans, 2, 192
Lepage, Bastian:
Victor Hugo, 9, 490
Lessi, T.:
John Milton Visits Galileo at, 4, 322
Letter of Indulgence, 18, 234
Leuctra, Battle of (map), 2, 434
Leuthen, Battle of, 16, 244
Li Hung Chang, 6, 204
Liao-yang, Japanese Advance to
(map), 7, 309
Limerick, Battle of (map), 12, 147
Lincoln, Abraham, 24, 680
Lindenschmit, Wilhelm:
Alaric the Goth Enters Rome, 4,
140
Lindner, F.:
Japanese Torpedo Boats Nearing
Port Arthur, 7, 306
Linne, Karl von, 16, 4
Lions' Court in the Alhambra at
Granada, 8, no
Lissa, Admiral Tegethof at, 18, 408
Livingstone, David, 19, 52
Lizcano, A.:
Pizarro Dares his Discouraged
Companions to Follow Him, 21,
18
Llaneros of the Apure Plain in Ven-
ezuela, 21, 62
Lobengula Warriors Assegaing an
English Trooper, 19, 220
Locke, John, II, 418
Lorraine and the Three Bishoprics
(map), 9, 146
Louis XI of France, 9, 126
Louis XI of France in Prison, 9, 122
Louis XIV at the Salon of Madame
de Maintenon, 9, 216
Louis XVI, 10, 24
Louis XVI, during the Storming of
the Tuileries, 10, 194
Louis XVI, Mob Escorting back to
Paris, 10, 96
Louis XVI and Family, Last Inter-
view of, 10, 236
Louisburg, Expedition against, 23,
164
Louisburg, Siege of (map), 23, 185
Lublin, The Union of, 15, 376
Lucas, C:
William the Conqueror and his
wife Mathilda, 11, 66
Lucas, Seymour:
The Captain of "Mother of God,"
Surrenders to the English Ad-
miral, 20, Frontispiece
Luminais, E. V.:
Childeric III Receives the Tonsure
and is Encloistered, 9, 38
Viking Marauders, 16, 12
Luther, Martin, 18, 244
Luther at the Diet of Worms, 18, 240
Lycurgus, 2, 60
Lydia in 560 B. C. (map), I, 145
" Lynch, Judge," 24, 596
M
Maccari, C:
Appius Claudius is Led into the
Roman Senate, 3, 78
Cicero Denounces Catilina, 3, 282
Macdonalds, The, at the Battle of
Bannockburn, 12, 280
Machiavelli, 4, 254
Maclise, Daniel:
Caxton Exhibits his Press to King
Edward IV, II, 230
Magdeburg, Tilly Enters, 18, 280
Maintenon, Madame de, 9, 226
1070
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Maintenon, Madame de, Salon of, 9,
216
Majuba Hill, Battle of, 20, 230
Makowsky, K.:
Pilgrims on the Road to Mecca,
I. 340
The Death of Ivan the Terrible, 15,
14
Malmstrom, August:
Rolf Krake Holds Court at Leire,
16, Frontispiece
Mamelukes, Massacre of the, 1, 38
Manchuria (map), 6, 45
Manchuria and Korea (map), 7, 268
Manchuria, Foreign Spheres of Influ-
ence in (map), 7, 278
Mann, Harrington:
The Macdonalds at the Battle of
Bannockburn, 12, 280
Maratha Houses, The Five (map), 5,
134
Marathon, Battle of (map), 2, 167
Marco Polo, Routes of (map), 6, 20
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, 4, 98
Maria Theresa, 17, 252
Marie Antoinette, 10, 24
Marie Antoinette during the Storm-
ing of the Tuileries, 10, 194
Marie Antoinette, Mob Escorting
back to Paris, 10, 96
Marie Antoinette on the Way to her
Execution, 10, 278
Marius, Gaius, 3, 222
Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke
of, 11, 454
Marston Moor, Battle of, 11, Frontis-
piece
Mary I of England, 11, 270
Mary of Burgundy Swears to Respect
the Rights of Brussels, 13, 50
Mary Queen of Scots, 12, 326
Massacre at Dinant, The, 13, 42
Massacre of St. Bartholomew, The, 9,
158
Massacre of the Mamelukes, 1, 38
Massacre, The Boston, 23, 216
Mateijko, B. Alois:
The Russian Embassy Begs Ste-
phen Bathory for Peace, 15, 80
Mateijko, John:
The Union of Lublin, 15, 376
Maximilian I, 18, 226
Maximilian I, Engagement of the
Children of, 17, 174
Maximilian I, Entry of, into Ghent,
18, 218
Maximilian Going to Execution, 24,
876
Maya Manuscript, 22, 82
Mecca, Caravan of Pilgrims on the
Road to, 1, 340
Mecca, Mohammed Enters, 1, 230
Media, N.:
The Defense of Saragossa, 8, 488
Medici, Julian de', ' Assassination of,
4, 268
Mediterranean, Showing Phoenicia,
Eastern (map), 1, 118
Meissonier, E.:
" 1807," 10, Frontispiece
Melingue, M. Lucien:
Robespierre in the Hall of the Con-
vention, 10, 318
Menshikov in Exile in Siberia, 15,
Frontispiece
Merrill, F. T.:
The Boston Massacre, 23, 216
" Merrimac " Sinks the " Congress,"
24, 754
Merte, H.:
The Murder of the Emperor Paul
I, 15, 208
Messina, The Besieged City of, 8,
244
Metz, Siege of, 9, 146
Mexican War, The (map), 22, 304,
24. 553
Mexico: see also List of Illustrations,
vol. 22
Mexico, Cathedral of, 22, 94
Mexico, Valley of (map), 22, 341
Miaotzu Family, A, 6, 94
Michael Angelo, 4, 296
Mierevelt, M. J.:
William the Silent, 13, 140
Mignard, Pierre:
Madame de Maintenon, 9, 226
Milan, Cathedral of, 4, 146
Mill, John Stuart, 11, 612
Milton, John, 11, 352
Milton, John, Visits the Aged Galileo,
A, 322
Missolonghi, The Last Charge at, 14,
416
ARTISTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
1071
Mob Escorting Louis XVI and Marie
Antoinette back to Paris, 10, 96
Mogul at Delhi, At the Court of the,
5, Frontispiece
Mohammed Enters Mecca, 1, 230
Mohammed II, Entry of, into Con-
stantinople, 14, 80
Moltke, 18, 420
Mongolia (map), 6, 45
Moore, Humphrey:
The Home of a Japanese Noble-
man, 7, 44
Moore, Thomas, 12, 222
Morgarten, Battle of, 13, 364
Morghen, Raffael:
Torquato Tasso, 4, 318
Moriscos, The Expulsion of the, 8,
370
Moro, Antonio:
Philip II of Spain, 8, 424
Mary I, 11, 270
Marguerite, Duchess of Parma, 13,
72
Duke of Alva, 13, no
Morocco, Sultan of, on his way to the
Kutubia Mosque, 19, 246
Morris, Peter:
Edward I, Presents the First
Prince of Wales, 11, 144
" Mother of God," Captain of, Sur-
renders to the English Admiral,
20, Frontispiece
Motte, Henry:
Driving the Living Victims into
the Fiery Furnace of Baal-Mo-
loch, 1, 126
The Priestess of Apollo on the
Tripod of Delphi, 2, 12
The Capitoline Geese, 3, 58
Hannibal Crosses the Rhone, 3, 130
Mucha, Alfred:
John Sobieski Raises the Siege of
Vienna, 14, 250
The Ambassador of Frederick II on
the Road to the " Sublime Porte,"
14, 3i8
Miiller, Adam:
Mohammed Enters Mecca, 1, 230
Miiller, Charles Louis:
Calling the Roll of the Victims of
the Reign of Terror, 10, 298
Mummy and Statue of Ramses II, 1,
26
Mund, F.:
Duel Between Aaron Burr and
Alexander Hamilton, 23, 402
Murder of the Children of Edward
IV, 11, 220
Murray, The Regent, 12, 320
Mutiny, The (map), 5, 236
N
Nabonidus, The Feast of, 1, 400
Napier, The Amir of Suid Surrenders
to, 5, 218
Napoleon at Friedland, 10, Frontis-
piece
Napoleon, Court of, 9, 324
Napoleon Crossing the Saint Ber-
nard, 10, 438
Napoleon on Board the " Bellero-
phon," 9, 364
Napoleon's Power, France at the
Height of (map), 10, 468
Napoleon's Russian Campaign (map),
15, 255
Neal, David:
Watt Watching the Action of
Steam, 11, 534
Negrier Attacking Langson, 6, 250
Nelson, Lord, 11, 546
Nelson, Lord, Death of, 11, 556
Nero Caesar, Tiberius Claudius, 4, 50
Nero, Death of, 4, 68
Nero, Golden House of (map), 4, 67
Netherlands, The: see also List of Il-
lustrations, vol. 13
Netherlands, The, 1759 (map), 13, 132
Netherlands, The, Showing Height of
Land (map), 13, 8
Netherlands, The Austrian (map), 13,
190
Neuville, Alphonse de:
Battle of Gravelotte, 9, 464
New England (map), 20, 83
New France (map), 20, 83
New Spain (map), 22, 9
New Zealand, Autochthons of, 20, 210
Newton, G. S.:
Thomas Moore, 12, 222
Newton, Sir Isaac, 11, 418
Niger Region (map), 9, 148
Normand, E.:
King John Confirming the Great
Charter, 11, 126
1072
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
North, Farthest (map), 16, 323
Norway: see List of Illustrations,
vol. 16
Numantia, Capture of, 3, 162
O'Connell, Daniel, 12, 226
Oklahoma Territory, Boomers Enter-
ing, 24, 086
Olympian Games, 2, 44
Omdurman, Battle off, 19, 206
Ooms, K.:
The Spanish Fury, 13, 122
Oscar II, King of Sweden, 16, 278
Otokar, Body of, Rudolf von Haps-
burg Views, 17, 76
Otto, C:
The Feast of Nabonidus, 1, 400
Otto I Views the Body of Thank-
mar, 18, 108
Ottoman Dominions at Time of
Greatest Extent (map), 14, 160
Otumba, Battle of, 22, 40
Overend, W. H.:
The Mexican Expedition Against
Hispaniola, 22, 180
Battle off Omdurman, 19, 206
Palais Royal, Camille Desmoulins in
the Gardens of the, 10, 56
Panama Canal (map), 24, 1061
Paraguay: see List of Illustrations
vol. 21
Pare, Ambroise, during the siege of
Metz, 9, 146
Paris (map), 10, 103
Parliament, House of, Dublin, 12,
Frontispiece
Parma, Duke of, 13, 158
Parma, Marguerite, Duchess of, 13,
72
Parnell, Charles Stewart, 12, 236
Partition of Verdun (map), 18, 94
Partitions of Poland (map), 17, 281
Patagonian Savages, 21, 242
Paul I, Murder of, 15, 208
Peace, Treaty of (1871), Facsimile of,
18, 424
Pedro II, 20, 172
Pedro III in Sight of the Besieged
City of Messina, 8, 244
Peloponnesian War, Outbreak of
(map), 2, 273
Peloponnesus, Spartan Supremacy in,
ca. 560 B. C. (map), 2, 77
Pelusium, Persian Army Capturing,
I. 32
Penn's Second Visit to his Colony,
23, no
Pericles, 2, 284
Pericles and Aspasia, 2, 254
Persia: see Lists of Illustrations,
vols. I and 5
Persia, Modern (map), 5, 345
Persian Army Capturing Pelusium, 1,
32
Persian Carpet Bazaar, In a, 5, 368
Persian Empire, Greatest Extent of
the (map), 5, 317
Persian King, Bodyguard of, 5, 318
Persian King, Diversions of, 1, 178
Peru: see also List of Illustrations,
vol. 21
Peru (map), 21, 193
Pescadores, Formosa, and Wei-hai-
Wei (map), 7, 270
Pestalozzi, Johann Heindrich, 13, 496
Pesth, Coronation of Francis Jo-
seph and Elizabeth at, 17, 398
Peter the Great, 15, 50
Peter the Great, At the Court of, 15,
92
Peter the Great at Zaardam, 15, 33
Peter the Great, Campaigns of
(map), 15, 45
Petrarca, 4, 278
Pharaoh Kheops and his Wife Visit-
ing the Architect of the Great Pyra-
mid at Memphis, 1, Frontispiece
Pharaoh Ramses II, The Unwrapped
Mummy and Statue of the, 1, 26
Pharaoh's Hosts Pursuing the Flee-
ing Jews, 1, 374
Philadelphia, The Advance on, 1777
(map), 23, 258
Philip II, 8, 424
Philippine Islands (map), 20, 315, 24,
1039
Phoenicia: see also List of Illustra-
tions, vol. 1
Phoenicia, Eastern Mediterranean,
Showing (map), 1, 118
ARTISTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
1073
Pilgrim Fathers, Landing of, at Ply-
mouth, 23, 84
Piloty, Carl von:
Death of Alexander the Great, 2,
504
The Assassination of Julius Caesar,
4, Frontispiece
Three Bravi Receiving their Re-
ward, 4, 248
Entry of Godfrey de Bouillon into
Jerusalem, 9, 70
Henry VIII wooes Anne Boleyn,
II, 246
Assassination of Wallenstein, 18,
286
Ping-yang, The Capture of, 7, 266
Piombo, Sebastiano del:
Raphael, 4, 334
Pirates, Caribbean Sea, Attack Span-
ish Galleons, 22, 414
Pitt, William, 11, 500
Pizarro, 21, 26
Pizarro Dares his Discouraged Com-
panions to follow Him, 21, 18
Plague Districts, The, in India, 1896-
1906 (map), 5, 284
Plataea, Battle of (map), 2, 210
Plato, School of, 2, 414
Plymouth, Landing of Pilgrim
Fathers at, 23, 84
Poictiers, Battle of, 9, 98
Poilleux-Saint-Ange, G. :
Suppliant Praying before the Statue
of Zeus, 2, 332
Poland: see also List of Illustrations,
vol. 15
Poland, Partitions of (map), 17, 281
Polar Regions: see List of Illustra-
tions, vol. 16
" Police Verso," 3, 382
Polo, Routes of Marco (map), 6, 20
Poltava, Battle of, 16, 220
Pompadour, Madame de, 9, 244
Pompeii and Herculaneum, Destruc-
tion of, 4, 82
Pompeius the Great, 3, 266
Port Arthur, Japanese Torpedo Boats
nearing, 7, 306
Portugal: see also List of Illustra-
tions, vol. 8
Portugal, Colonial Empire of, early
16th century (map), 8, 336
Portugal, Political Divisions of, ca.
910 A. D. (map), 8, 77
Portugal under the House of Bra-
ganza, 1640 (map), 8, 475
Portuguese Discovery, Progress of
(map), 20, 34
Portuguese East Indies, 16th century
(map), 20, 47
Portuguese Empire, 16th century
(map), 22, 120
Possessions of the United States,
1906 (map), 24, 1047
Poynter, Edward J.:
At the Court of Solomon, 1, 388
Pradilla, F.:
Boabdil Surrenders the Keys of the
Alhambra to Ferdinand and Isa-
bella, 8, Frontispiece
Prayer of the Swiss before the Battle
of Sempach, 13, 380
Predis, Ambrogio de:
Maximilian I, 18, 226
Preliminary Treaty, Signing the, 1782,
23, 288
Pretender, The Young, Entry of, into
Edinburgh, 12, 366
Prince of Wales in India, The, 5, 308
Procession of the Dragon in the
Streets of Hong-Kong, 6, 162
Procession of the Sacred Bull Apis,
1, 42
Pugatchev, Insurrection of (map), 15,
169
Punishment of the Rebellious Sepoys,
The, 5, 238
Pyle, Howard:
Penn's Second Visit to his Colony,
23, no
Q, R
Quaker Trial, 23, 148
Quebec, Battle of, 23, 194
Quebec, Champlain Surrenders, to
Admiral Kirk, 20, 82
Quebec, Siege of (map), 23, 194
Raghib Pasha and the Ambassadors
of Frederick III, 14, 318
Railroads and Water Highways of
Africa (map), 19, 299
Railroads of India (map), 5, 224
1074
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Raleigh, Sir Walter, and his Son, n,
298
Ramirez, M.:
Cortez in the Battle of Otumba,
23, 40
Ramses II, 1, 26
Ramses III, Trial of Son of, 1, 54
Raphael, 4, 334
Regamey, F.:
Administration of Chinese Justice,
6, 180
Regnault, H.:
The " Sword of Justice," 1, 350
Reiff, Franz:
Conradin Hears his Death Warrant
Read to Him, 18, 170
Reign of Terror, The, 10, 298
Reign of the Commune in Paris, The,
9, 470
Reinhardt, A. C:
Quaker Trial, 23, 148
Religious Status, 700 A. D. (map),
5, 327
Return of the Grand Army from Rus-
sia, 9, 342
Revolution in the Vendee, The, 10,
350
Revolution of 1830, A Barricade dur-
ing, 9> 390
Revolution of 1848, Outbreak of, in
Vienna, 17, 362
Reynolds, Sir Joshua:
Warren Hastings, 5, 188
Rhine Frontier, War on the (map),
9, 465
Rhone, Hannibal Crosses the, 3, 130
Richard II Resigns the Crown, 11,
186
Richelieu, Cardinal, 9, 184
Richmond, William R. :
An Audience in Athens, 2, 152
Richter, Albert:
Japanese Fishing, 7, 8
In the Country of the Tuaregs, 19,
152
Llaneros of the Apure Plain in
Venezuela Salting Wild Mules,
21, 62
Gauchos Following the Cassowary,
21, 118
Threshing out Grain in Modern
Chili, 21, 230
Boomers Entering Oklahoma Ter-
ritory, 24, 986
Richter, Gustav :
The Pharaoh Kheops (Khufu) and
his Wife, 1, Frontispiece
Rienzi Elected Tribune, 4, 222
Rizzio, Murder of, 12, 316
Robespierre, 10, 218
Robespierre in the Hall of the Con-
vention, 10, 318
Rochegrosse, George:
The Sack of Troy, 2, 30
A Roman Mob Murdering the Em-
peror Vitellius, 4, 72
Revolted Peasants Sacking a
Nobleman's Castle, 9, 100
Rochelle, Siege of (map), 9, 186
Roe, Fred:
Joan of Arc on Trial, 9, 116
Roeber, Francis:
Court Scene During the Trial of
the Son of Ramses III, 1, 54
Roland in the Battle of Roncesvalles,
9, 42
Rolf Krake holds Court at Leire, 16,
Frontispiece
Romako, A.:
Admiral Tegethof at Lissa, 18, 408
Roman Empire in the Time of Caesar
(map), 3, 375
Roman Empire in the Time of Dio-
cletian (map), 4, 114
Roman Empire, Prefectures of Con-
stantine and Partition of East and
West (map), 4, 126
Roman Empire under Augustus and
Tiberius (map), 4, 54
Rome: see also List of Illustrations,
vol. 3
Rome, Alaric the Goth Enters, 4,
140
Rome and Carthage at End of First
and Second Punic Wars (map), 3>
no
Rome and the Eastern Mediterranean
States (map), 3, 166
Rome as Mistress of Italy (map), 3,
86
Rome, Djem in, 14, 112
Rome, Sack of, 4, 304
Rome, St. Peter's, the Plaza, and the
Vatican of, 4, 398
ARTISTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
1075
Roncesvalles, The Battle of, 9, 42
Roosevelt, Theodore, 24, Frontis-
piece
Rosas, Ortiz de, 21, 126
Rosetta Stone, The, 1,56
Rosselin:
Catherine the Great, 15, 164
Rothermel, P. F.:
Henry Clay Addressing the Senate,
24, 602
Rouband, Franz:
The Surrender of Schamyl, 15, 298
Rousseau, Jean Jacques, 10, 14
Route of the Israelites from Egypt
to Canaan (map), 1, 375
Roybet, Ferdinand:
The Massacre at Dinant, 13, 42
Royer, Lionel:
Vercingetorix Surrenders to Julius
Caesar, 3, Frontispiece
Storming of the Breach of Hue, 20,
272
Rudolf von Hapsburg Views the
Body of Otokar, 17, 76
Russia: see also List of Illustrations,
vol. 15
Russia, 1906 (map), 15, 367
Russia, Return of the Grand Army
from, 9, 342
Russian Advance in Central Asia,
The (map), 5, 367
Russian Campaign, Napoleon's
(map), 15, 255
Russian Embassy Begs Stephen
Bathory for Peace, 15, 80
Russia's Acquisitions on the Baltic
(map), 16, 253
Russo-Japanese Peace Envoys, The,
24, 1078
Russo-Japanese War, Generals of, 7,
Frontispiece
Ruyter, Michel de, 13, 232
Sabine Women, The, 3, 20
St. Bartholomew, The Massacre of,
?, 158
Saint Bernard, Napoleon Crossing
the, 10, 438
St. Peter's, the Plaza, and the Vati-
can of Rome. 4, 398
Saint Sophia, Interior of, 14, 138
Salamis, Battle of, 1, 166
Salamis, Plan of (map), 2, 201
Salamis, Victors of the Battle of, 2,
204
Salinas, A.:
Alfonso VIII, on the Battlefield of
Las Navas de Tolosa, 8, 100
San Juan de Ulloa, Vera Cruz, 22, 322
Sanger, E.:
Reconciliation of Frederick Barba-
rossa and Alexander III, 18, 152
Santa Anna, 22, 276
Santiago, Defeat of Cervera at, 24,
1030
Saragossa, Defense of, 8, 488
Savages, Patagonian, 21, 242
Savonarola Preaches in Florence, 4,
282
Scandinavia: see also List of Illustra-
tions, vol. 16
Scandinavia, 1638-1815 (map), 16, 208
Scandinavia, United, ca. 1400 (map),
16, 123
Scandinavian Explorations before the
nth century (map), 16, 43
Schamyl, The Surrender of, 15, 298
Schiller, 18, 352
Schommer, F.:
Alexander Tames Bucephalus, 2,
482
Schoner, G. F. A.:
Pestalozzi, 13, 496
Schramm, A.:
Entry of Maximilian into Ghent,
18, 218
Schwerin, General, Frederick the
Great at the Bier of, 18, 334
Scipio Africanus, Publius Cornelius,
3, 144
Sciuti, Giuseppi:
Herodotus Reads his History to
the Greeks Assembled at Olym-
pia, 2, 260
Scotland: see also List of Illustra-
tions, vol. 12
Scotland and Northern England,
1715-1745 (map), 12, 361
Scots Greys, Charge of the, 9, Fron-
tispiece
Sea of Japan, Battle of (map), 7, 315
Sebastopol, Siege of (map), 11, 619
Sedan, Surrender of, 18, 422
1076
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Seitz, Otto:
The Murder of the Children of Ed-
ward IV, II, 220
Seller, C:
Signing the Preliminary Treaty at
Paris, November 30, 1782, 23, 288
Semitic Horde, Entry of a, into
Egypt, 1, 18
Sempach, Battle of, 13, 380
Sepoys, The Punishment of the Re-
bellious, 5, 238
Seringapatam, The Storming of, 5,
200
I793> Anno, 10, 286
Shakespeare, William, 11, 302
Siberdt, Eugene:
The Murder of Rizzio, 12, 316
Siberia, Conquest of, 15, 18
Sicily, Greek Colonies in (map), 2,
221
Siemiradzki, Henry von:
Cremating the Body of a Slav
Chieftain, 17, 26
Simpson, Sir George, Establishing his
First Council, 20, 168
Sind, The Amir of, Surrenders to Na-
pier, 5, 218
Slav Chieftain, Cremating the Body
of, 17, 26
Slesvig and Holstein (map), 16, 271
Small, W.:
A Miaotzu Family, 6, 94
Socrates Drinks the Hemlock, 3,
Frontispiece
Solomon, Court of, I, 388
Solon, 2, 102
Sourikoff, P. A.:
Menshikov with his Son and
Daughters in Exile, 15, Frontis-
piece
South Africa (map), 20, 219
South Africa, British (map), 19, 230
South America: see also List of Illus-
trations, vol. 21
South America: Progress of Settle-
ment (map), 21, 140
South America: The Movement for
Independence (map), 21, 56
South American Commercial Centers,
Chief (map), 21, 268
South Seas, British Colonies in
(map), 20, 181
Southern Campaigns in the Amer-
ican Revolution (map), 23, 280
Spain: see List of Illustrations, vol.8
Spain, New (map), 22, 9
Spain, Political Divisions of, ca. 910
A. D. (map), 8, 77
Spain under Roman Dominion
(map), 8, 29
Spanish America (map), 20, 44
Spanish Armada, Destruction of, 23,
54
Spanish Dominion in 16th century
(map), 8, 217
Spanish Empire, 16th century (map),
22, 120
Spanish Fury, The, 13, 122
Spanish Kingdoms, The, 14th cen-
tury (map), 8, 193
Spanish Peninsula under Ancient
Tribes (map), 8, 11
Spartan Supremacy in Peloponnesus,
ca. 560 B. C. (map), 2, 77
Spinoza, Baruch de, 13, 482
Spottsylvania, Battle of, 24, 788
Squindo, T. E.:
The Mob Escorting Back to Paris
Louis XVI and Marie Antoi-
nette, 10, 96
Stieler, Joseph:
Goethe, 18, 352
Strafford, Lord, on the Road to Ex-
ecution, 11, 338
Streetes, Guilim:
Edward VI, 11, 264
Suleiman, Death of, 14, 5 2
Sully, Thomas:
Victoria, 11, 594
Surand, Gustaf:
Hasdrubal Crosses the Alps, 3, 128
Sweden: see List of Illustrations, vol.
16
Swedish Revolution (map), 16, 153
Swift, Jonathan, 12, 170
Swiss Confederation, The (map), 13,
383
Switzerland: see List of Illustrations,
vol. 13
Switzerland (map), 18, 214
Switzerland after the Congress of
Vienna (map), 13. 526
Sword of Justice, The, 1, 350
Syracuse, Siege of (map), 2, 336
ARTISTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
1077
Tacna, Battle of (map), 31, 237
Tasso, 4, 318
Taylor, Zachary, 22, 276
Tegethof, Admiral, at Lissa, 18, 408
Tel-el-Kebir, Battle of, 19, 266
Territorial Possessions of the United
States, 1906 (map), 24, 1047
Territory, Acquisition of, by the
United States (map), 24, 986
Terror, The Reign of, 10, 298
Teumman of Elam, Ashur-bani-pal's
Battle against, 1, 90
Teutoburg Forest, Destruction of
Roman Legions in, 4, 44
Texas, Early Settlements in (map),
22, 190
Thankmar, Body of, Otto I Views,
18, 108
Themistocles, 2, 230
Theodosius Refused Admission to
Church, 2, 528
Thirty Years' War, The (map), 18,
269
Thorismund is Elected King of the
Visigoths, 8, 38
Threshing out Grain in Modern
Chili, 21, 230
Thulstrup:
. The Siege of Vicksburg, 24, 776
Battle of Spottsylvania, May 12,
.1864, 24, 788
Battle of Winchester, 24, 794
Tibet and Nepal (map), 6, 101
Tilly Enters Magdeburg, 18, 280
Titian:
Ludovico Ariosto, 4, 318
Carlos I of Spain (Charles V of
Germany), 8, 340
Tolosa, Battlefield of, 8, 100
Tomyris Laves the Head of Cyrus
the Great in Blood, 1, 162
Torriglio, G. P.:
Death of Charles V in the Cloister
of St. Justus, 8, 352
Tour, Quentin de la:
Rousseau, 10, 14
Voltaire, 15, 196
Trade Routes of Italian Cities of 13th
and 14th centuries (map), 4, 237
Trafalgar, Battle of, 1 1, 556
Trajanus, 4, 86
Transvaal, Dr. Jameson's Raid into,
19, 278
Treaty of Peace, 1871, Facsimile of,
18, 424
Treaty, Signing the Preliminary,
1782, 23, 288
Troy, Sack of, 2, 30
Tuaregs, In the Country of the, 19,
152
Turkey: see also List of Illustra-
tions, vol. 14
Turkey after Peace of Passarowitz
(map), 14, 291
Turkey's Losses in Europe, 17th to
19th centuries (map), 14, 509
Two Sicilies, Garibaldi's Campaign
in the (map), 4, 385
U, V
Ungewitter, Hugo:
Hispano-American Hidalgos Fol-
lowing the Chase, 20, 24
Union of Italy, The (map), 4, 395
United States: see also Lists of Illus-
trations, vols. 23 and 24
United States, 1825 (map), 23, 451
United States: Operations in the
East (map), 24, 759
United States: Operations in the
Southeast (map), 24, 796
United States: Operations in the
West (map), 24, 743
United States: Reconstruction (map),
24, 868
United States: The North and South
(map), 24, 722
United States: The West, 1840
(map), 24, 533
"United States," The, Takes the
" Macedonian,'' 23, 422
Uruguay: see List of Illustrations,
vol. 21
Valdemar IV Sacks Wisby, 16, 114
Valparaiso (map), 21, 223
Vanaise, G. A.:
Preaching the First Crusade, 18,
138
Van der Faes, Peter: see Van der
Plaas, Pieter
Van der Plaas, Pieter:
Oliver Cromwell, 11, 320
John Milton, 11, 352
1078
THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Van der Werff:
John Churchill, Duke of Marlbor-
ough, ii, 454
Van der Weyden, Roger:
Charles the Bold, 18, 216
Vansomer, P.:
James I of England, II, 310
Sir Francis Bacon, 11, 310
Vatican of Rome, The, 4, 398
Velasquez, 8, 380
Velasquez, Don Diego Rodriguez da
Silva:
Velasquez, 8, 380
Vendean Insurrection, The (map),
10, 344
Vendee, The Revolution in the, 10,
350
Venezuela: see also List of Illustra-
tions, vol. 21
Venezuela (map), 21, 89
Venezuela, Llaneros of the Apure
Plain in, 21, 62
Vera, Professor:
Capture of Numantia, 3, 162
Vera Cruz, Castle of San Juan de
Ulloa, 22, 322
Vercingetorix Surrenders to Caesar,
3, Frontispiece
Vereshchagin, Vasili Vasilevitch:
Punishment of the Rebellious Se-
poys, 5, 238
The Prince of Wales in India, 5,
308
Vespasianus, Emperor, 4, 76
Vicksburg, Siege of, 24, 776
Victor Emmanuel and Garibaldi, 4,
384
Victoria, Queen, 11, 594
Vienna (map), 17, 414
Vienna, Congress of, 17, 312
Vienna, Congress of, Italy after
(map), 4, 350
Vienna, Congress of, Switzerland
after (map), 13, 526
Vienna, Outbreak of Revolution of
1848 in, 17, 362
Vienna, Siege of, 14, 250
Viking Marauders, 16, 12
Vimont, Edouard:
The Death of Archimedes, 3, 124
Vinci, Leonardo da:
Leonardo da Vinci, 4, 298
Vitellius, Roman Mob Murders, 4, 72
Vogel, Hugo:
Frederick William, the Great Elec-
tor Receives the French Emi-
gres, 18, 300
Voltaire, 15, 197
Voyages and Discoveries along the
African Coast (map), 19, 19
Voyages, Early (map), 23, 27
Voyages of Discoveries (map), 11,
232, 21, 9
W
Wagner, Ferdinand:
The Battle of Morgarten, 13, 364
Wales, Prince of, Edward I Presents
the First, 11, 144
Wales, Prince of, in India, 5, 308
Wallenstein, Assassination of, 18,286
War of 1812 (map), 23, 421
Ward, E. M.:
James II Receives the News of the
Landing of the Prince of Orange,
II, 428
Warsaw, All is Quiet at, 15, 324
Warthmuller, R.:
Frederick the Great at the Bier of
General Schwerin, 18, 334
Washington, D. C, The Capitol at,
24, 826
Washington, George, 23, Frontispiece
Washington, Lafayette's First Meet-
ing with, 23, 268
Washington Takes the Oath of Office,
23, 344
Washington, Martha, A Reception at
the House of, 23, 372
Waterloo, Battle of (map), 9, 362
Watt Watching the Action of Steam,
, 534
Watts, G. F.:
Charles Robert Darwin, 11, 612
John Stuart Mill, II, 612
Wauters, E.:
Mary of Burgundy Swears to Re-
spect the Ancient Rights of the
City of Brussels, 13, 50
Webster, Daniel, 24, 528
Webster, Daniel, Delivers his Speech
against Nullification, 23, 490
ARTISTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
1079
Weeks, E. L.:
At the Court of the Mogul Em-
peror at Delhi, 5, Frontispiece
Weertz, J.:
Charlotte Corday Assassinates
Marat, 10, 268
Wei-hai-Wei, Formosa, and Pesca-
dores (map), 7, 270
Weimar:
Alexander Hamilton, 23, 322
Werner, Anton von:
Meeting of the Plenipotentiaries at
Berlin, 14, 486
Luther at the Diet of Worms, 1521,
18, 240
The Surrender of Sedan, 18, 422
Proclamation of King William of
Prussia as Emperor of Germany,
x8, 426
West Indies: see also List of Illus-
trations, vol. 22
West Indies (map), 20, 67, 22, 461,
24, 1027
Westphalia, Peace of, Commission-
ers Arranging, 13, 216
Westphalia, Peace of, Western Eu-
rope after (map), 13, 218
Wiles, J. R.:
Washington Takes the Oath of
Office a,s First President of the
United States, 33, 344
William, King, Proclaimed Emperor
of Germany, 18, 426
William of Orange and Count Eg-
mont, 13, 102
William the Conqueror Grants Spe-
cial Privileges, 11, 66
William the Silent, 13, 140
Winchester, Battle of, 24, 794
Wisby, Valdemar IV Sacks, 16, 114
Wolfe, General, Death of, 20, 118
Woodville, R. Caton:
A Suliote and Turkish Soldier in
Mortal Combat on the Edge of a
Precipice, 2, 540
The Battle of Assaye, 5, 136
The Storming of Seringapatam, 5,
200
The Amir of Sind Surrenders to
Sir Charles Napier, 5, 218
Surrender of Albazin, 6, Frontis-
piece
Ratification of the Treaty Ceding
the Island of Hong-Kong to the
English, 6, 134
The Capture of the Ping- Yang by
the Japanese Army, 7, 266
The Charge of the French Knights
at the Battle of Cressy, 9, 94
Capture of King John at the Battle
of Poictiers, 9, 98
Arabi Pasha's Defeat at the Battle
of Tel-el-Kebir by the English
under Lord Wolseley, 19, 266
Dr. Jameson's Raid, 19, 278
Champlain Surrenders Quebec, 20,
82
Sir George Simpson Establishing
his First Council of Settlers, 20,
168
Battle of Majuba Hill, 20, 230
Battle of Quebec, 23, 194
World, The, Martin Behaim's Map of
(map), 20, 36
Worms, Diet of, Luther at, 18, 240
Worship of Ancestors, 6, 40
X, Y, Z
Xerxes, Invasion of (map), 2, 213
Xerxes Watches the Progress of the
Battle of Salamis, 1, 166
Yellow Ford, Battle of (map), 12, 97
Yorktown, Siege of (map), 23, 284
Zeus, Suppliant Praying before the
Statue of, 2, 332
Zick, A.:
Tomyris, Queen of the Scythian
Tribe of Massagethes, Laves the
Head of Cyrus the Great in
Blood, 1, 162
Xerxes Watches the Progress of
the Battle of Salamis, 1, 166
Cola di Rienzi Elected Tribune, 4,
222
Assassination of Julian de' Medici,
4, 268
Thorismund is Elected King of the
Visigoths, 8, 38
Clovis Receives the Holy Sacra-
ment of Baptism, 9, 18
The Death of Suleiman, 14, 52
Rudolf von Hapsburg Views the
Body of Otokar, 17, 76
Zion, The Court of the King of, 18,
250
1080 THE HISTORY OF NATIONS
Zoffani, A.: Sir Walter Raleigh and His Son,
George III, II, 570 11, 298
Zucchero, F.: Zweigle, W.:
Queen Elizabeth (Ermine Por- The Outbreak of the Revolution of
trait), 11, 274 1848 in Vienna, 17, 362
A A 000 0719617