TJL 
 

 
THE STORY OF 
 
 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 GEORGE S. MERRIAM 
 
 BOSTON AND NEW YORK 
 
 HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY 
 
 <${* tf toersi&e prees, CambriDoe 
 
 1890 
 
Copyright, 1889, 
 BY GEORGE S. MERRIAM. 
 
 All rights reserved. 
 
 The Riverside Press, Cambridge, Mass., U. S. A. 
 Electrotyped and Printed by H. 0. Houghton & Company. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 " I THINK I can trace the growth of his opinions, from 
 the little delicate boy who read his Bible and prayed the 
 more resolutely because of the jeers and taunts of his com- 
 panions at the first school he went to; the thoughtful 
 youth, who, very early sent to Glasgow University, and 
 while under the spell of Chalmers's eloquence, 4 got think- 
 ing' over metaphysics ; the poet in nature and aspiration, 
 chained to the dull routine of a lawyer's office ; the ma- 
 ture mind, to which the incompatibility of the theory of 
 punishment as held by theologians and by jurisprudence 
 grew more and more intolerable ; through all and in all 
 the same elements unflinching search, honest unbiassed 
 striving toward truth, and unshaken devotion of the 
 whole moral nature toward the Supreme Wisdom the 
 Highest God ! Sometimes I think, Surely some kindred 
 nature will one day take the threads I could supply him 
 with, and weave them into a whole. Sometimes I resolve 
 to write out, only for myself and the nieces, all I know ; 
 or for myself only, the sweet eventless record of indeed, 
 indeed, a great untroubled happiness." 
 
 This passage, from a wife's letter soon after her hus- 
 band's death, may be taken as the key to the present vol- 
 ume, which attempts the portraiture of both husband and 
 wife. He was a man of genius and rare fineness of na- 
 ture ; the associate in early years of Mill, Sterling, Mau- 
 rice, and Lewes. He was a constant contributor to 
 " Blackwood's Magazine " from 1839 to 1871, and that 
 journal said at his death : " No better type could be found 
 
 384618 
 
iv PREFACE. 
 
 of the true man of letters, the student, scholar, and critic 
 of our days." But his reviews were anonymous, and he 
 was withdrawn from society and an active career by a re- 
 tiring disposition and the fascination of thinking purely 
 for the sake of thought. His very name, William Smith, 
 the commonest name in England, seems like a passport to 
 oblivion. His personal history, quite devoid of external 
 adventure, has yet for thoughtful minds an interest com- 
 parable to that which attends the fortunes of a Stanley or 
 a Livingstone. For he too was an explorer, and in realms 
 whose secrets have an attraction for our generation be- 
 yond those of the Dark Continent. And his researches 
 were fruitful. " Thorndale," the book which won for him 
 the greater part of such modest celebrity as attached to 
 his name, gives an inadequate measure of the degree of 
 solid conviction and clear light he attained. "Graven- 
 hurst," his later and probably less known production, 
 brings the world's latest thought to the study of the 
 world's oldest problem, with results which contribute not 
 a little of clearness to philosophy, energy to religion, and 
 peace and strength to the heart. 
 
 This volume includes extracts from his writings, dra- 
 matic, critical, and philosophical, writings which various 
 causes, external and internal, seem to have hindered from 
 due recognition. A biographer may be considered too 
 partial an advocate to set his estimate against that of the 
 world, though, on the other hand, that final judge some- 
 times nods, and when afterward roused may shape his 
 opinion differently. Be that as it may, this author, by no 
 means indifferent to the world's good opinion, was very 
 far from depending on it for his happiness. One might 
 well apply to him his own words, written of a man of like 
 spirit with himself, Arthur Clough: "It was not till 
 after he had left the scene that the world at large knew 
 that there had been a poet amongst them. Then there 
 was much clapping of hands. Could he who had passed 
 
PREFACE. v 
 
 in behind the veil have returned at our summons, to re- 
 ceive our plaudits, we feel persuaded that for such a pur- 
 pose he would not have re-lifted the fallen curtain." 
 
 The idea which the wife intimates, of writing herself 
 some story of her husband's life, was so far carried out 
 that she did write a sketch of him for their friends only, 
 which afterward she hesitatingly allowed to be published, 
 as the prefix to a reprint of some of his philosophical 
 works, a connection not favorable to any wide circulation. 
 This exquisite memoir is the basis of the present volume. 
 No other hand could approach hers in fitness for the 
 task she undertook. But that task did not include any 
 history of her husband's intellectual development, nor any 
 statement of his final views ; it was the beauty of his per- 
 sonal traits that at that time filled her heart and inspired 
 her pen. A fuller exposition of the subject is here es- 
 sayed ; and with it there is blended a portraiture of her 
 who brought completion and happiness to his life. Her 
 charming personality unconsciously portrayed itself in 
 her letters and writings, with a vividness which makes her 
 a living figure. 
 
 "No woman yet," said "The Spectator" recently, 
 " has ever really told us the history of her life as Rous- 
 seau and Pepys have told theirs, that is, without any 
 attempt at concealment." It adds the suggestion that a 
 refinement, a delicacy, and sense of the sacred seclusion of 
 the heart might restrain any woman's mind from the 
 necessary introspection. Certainly any conscious self- 
 display to the world would have been quite impossible to 
 the womanly nature of Lucy Smith. But to her own 
 friends one of her many and great charms was the trans- 
 parency with which to those she trusted she expressed her 
 real and inner life. It was an openness which sprang 
 from a generous confidence, and from her constant dispo- 
 sition to share her best possessions with others. Espe- 
 cially in writing of her husband, the love which in her was 
 
vi PREFACE. 
 
 almost a worship inspired a frankness of utterance in 
 which her own traits reveal themselves. In self-forget- 
 fully picturing him, she has delightfully pictured herself. 
 Of literary ambition she had not a particle; when she 
 made a translation or a sketch it was to "turn an honest 
 penny ; " and when she dashed off verses, it was to ease 
 her heart of its fulness of joy, of struggle, or of playful- 
 ness. Rare charms of intellect, feeling, and character 
 were combined in her. The ardor and depth of her na- 
 ture were matched by its disciplined fidelity and winning 
 grace. It is in her private letters that her genius shines 
 brightest, if genius be the right word for such a union of 
 insight, tenderness, sympathy, and vivid interest in every- 
 thing about her. One can scarcely imagine a creature 
 more brimming over with life, a life as pure as brilliant. 
 
 Such self-revelation, of such a woman, we have here. 
 And it is to be added that this life is displayed to us 
 under all the great typical experiences of womanhood, 
 except only that of mother. This story ends not at the 
 marriage-altar ; it goes on through the every-day experi- 
 ences of a most happy wedded life ; still on, through the 
 midnight shadows of bereavement, and the sacred and 
 sublime experiences of love stronger than death. 
 
 One other element of interest is present. The wife, 
 fully sharing the husband's thought, is like him led to 
 relinquish much of the traditional creed, comes into full 
 presence of all the new thought and the new doubt, and 
 while the problem which engaged him was an intellectual 
 one, on her it falls to find a place under the changed con- 
 ditions for her heart in its supreme needs. 
 
 Whatever value belongs to this story is largely due 
 to the extraordinary openness and transparency of the 
 woman who is really its author. It is not inconsider- 
 ately, nor without sense of possible animadversion, that 
 such full self-disclosure is set before the general public. 
 But " Wisdom is justified of her children," and they who 
 
PREFACE. vii 
 
 rightly reading shall understand this royal woman, and 
 appropriate her as a personal possession, will need no ex- 
 cuse for letting her show herself as she was. One who 
 opens the pages at random may light on passages which 
 come to him like secrets overheard without right. But 
 whoever reads the whole, and understands her who is 
 speaking, will scarcely wish to spare a word. 
 
 The contributions of many of her friends and no one 
 had more devoted friends have given material for this 
 volume. Of the best part of the book, she is the author ; 
 but it has been wrought into form by the hand of one, an 
 American, of that number who without ever seeing her 
 knew her and loved her. No word better sums up the 
 double story than an inscription on the inner wall of Dur- 
 ham Cathedral, centuries old, following the names of a 
 husband and wife : 
 
 " We once were two, 
 
 We two made one, 
 We no more two 
 
 Though life be gone." 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PART L 
 
 CHAPTER PAGB 
 
 I. MORNING 3 
 
 II. CLOUDS 19 
 
 III. LIGHT BREAKING 25 
 
 IV. "THE WOOL-GATHERER" 33 
 
 V. " WILD OATS A NEW SPECIES" .... 40 
 
 VI. WORK AND ASSOCIATES 54 
 
 VII. COUNTER-CURRENTS 62 
 
 VIII. " GIVEN SELF, TO FIND GOD" .... 69 
 
 IX. "A DISCOURSE ON ETHICS" 77 
 
 X. THE REVIEWER 92 
 
 XI. "ATHELWOLD" 110 
 
 XII. THE TRAVELLER 127 
 
 XIII. SOLITUDE . 139 
 
 XIV. APPROACHING UNSEEN 150 
 
 XV. "THORNDALE" 172 
 
 PART H. 
 
 XVI. MEETING 219 
 
 XVII. NEARER AND NEARER . . . . . .233 
 
 XVIII. UNITED 247 
 
 XIX. GRAVENHURST " 267 
 
 XX. SWITZERLAND . 301 
 
X CONTENTS. 
 
 XXI. MOTHER AND DAUGHTER 310 
 
 XXII. ABROAD AND AT HOME 324 
 
 XXIII. AMONG FRIENDS . , . . 339 
 
 XXIV. PEN PORTRAITS 355 
 
 XXV. BESIDE THE SEA 373 
 
 XXVI. RIPENING YEARS 391 
 
 XXVII. THINKER AND LOVER . . . . . .404 
 
 XXVIII. PARTING .426 
 
 PART III. 
 
 XXIX. BEREAVED 453 
 
 XXX. READJUSTMENT 473 
 
 XXXI. "LovE OTHERS TOO" 487 
 
 XXXII. NOT AS WITHOUT HOPE 496 
 
 XXXIII. LED ONWARD 516 
 
 XXXIV. "HE RESTORETH MY SOUL " . . .531 
 
 XXXV. THE MOUNTAIN RILL 547 
 
 XXXVI. THIS FRIENDLY WORLD 560 
 
 XXXVII. THE RELIGION OF TO-DAY 583 
 
 XXXVIII. SUNSET LIGHTS 592 
 
 XXXIX. REUNITED 617 
 
 APPENDIX 637 
 
PART I. 
 
 THESE men were philosophers, not from the desire of fame, 
 not from the pleasure of intellectual discovery, not because they 
 hoped that philosophy would suggest thoughts that would soothe 
 some private grief of their own, but because it was to them an 
 overpowering interest to have some key to the universe, because 
 all even of their desires were suspected by them until they 
 could find some central desire on which to link the rest ; and 
 love and beauty and the animation of life were no pleasure to 
 them except as testifying to that something beyond of which 
 they were in search. Quarterly Review. 
 
 " Led by the Spirit into the wilderness." 
 
CHAPTEK I. 
 
 MORNING. 
 
 (From the Memoir.) 
 
 THAT must have been a happy home at North End, 
 Hammersmith, into which, during the January of 1808, 
 William Henry Smith was born, the youngest of a large 
 family. His father, a man of strong natural intelligence, 
 after having made a fortune sufficient for his wants, early 
 retired from business, in consequence mainly of an 
 asthmatic tendency, which had harassed him from the age 
 of thirty. The impression I gained of him from his son's 
 description was that of one peculiarly fond of quiet and 
 of books, but whose will gave law to his household, and 
 was uniformly seconded by the loving loyalty of his wife. 
 The large family had a recognized head, a condition I 
 have often heard my husband insist upon as essential to 
 all healthy domestic life. Whatever the spirits of the 
 children might prompt, it was an understood, a felt law, 
 that " Papa's " tastes and habits must be respected. And 
 these, being interpreted by so gentle a mother, were never 
 viewed in the light of unreasonable restraints. This dear 
 mother seems to have been a woman of a quite primitive 
 type, full of silent piety, wrapped up in the home and the 
 family. She was of partly German extraction ; her mother 
 had been an eminently saintly character, and I have 
 caught glimpses too of a grandfather devoted to the study 
 of Jacob Boehme, whose folio volumes, and the tradition 
 of the veneration in which they had been held, still ex- 
 isted in the Hammersmith home. 
 
 How often", by the divination of love and sorrow, I have 
 
WlLtlAM SMITH. 
 
 tried to 'conjure ,up-'that koine before my mind ! My bus- 
 band once took me to its site, but the good old house had 
 been cut up into shops, and the large garden was all gone, 
 the large garden, that had seemed so large to the happy 
 child playing there by the hour " under the scarlet and 
 purple blossoms of the fuchsias," under the benignant eye, 
 too, of a well-remembered old servant, gardener, and 
 groom, who kept the plants and the sleek discreet horse 
 " Papa " drove in his gig in equal order. It was an 
 every-day delight to play in that garden, a high privilege 
 to ride in that gig. I think I can see the father, very 
 tall, a little worn by asthma, with black eyes of peculiar 
 piercing power, and a certain stateliness and natural 
 dignity which were wont to receive from officials at public 
 places a degree of deference, noticed with some amuse- 
 ment by the little observant companion and sight-seer. 
 What he must have been at an early age a miniature then 
 taken shows. It represents a fair, yellow-haired child of 
 about three, with great black eyes full of the new joy and 
 wonder of life, and a smile of singular sweetness, of al- 
 most benignity. No wonder that, as his eldest surviving 
 sister affectionately recalls, " he was the pet of both 
 parents," though his exceeding mobility did sometimes a 
 little agitate the valetudinarian father, who would lay 
 down a half-crown on the table and say, " William, you 
 shall have it, if you will only sit still for ten minutes ! " 
 A child with such an expression as the picture shows 
 would surely have complied had it been any way pos- , 
 sible ; but he did not remember that the half-crown was / 
 ever won. One day, when he was very small, a canary 
 bird belonging to a sister died, and was buried beneath a 
 flower-bush in the garden ; and on that occasion, when 
 the bright and restless creature lying suddenly motionless 
 on the palm of some young hand had given the happy 
 child his first experience of wondering sadness, he wrote 
 his first verses. 
 
MORNING. 5 
 
 . . . l The cheerful drawing-room in the Hammersmith 
 home had a window at both ends. Round the one that 
 looked into the garden clustered the white blossoms or 
 hung the luscious fruit of a surpassing pear-tree a 
 swan-egg the like of which was never met in later 
 years. From the other window the children could watch 
 the following spectacle, which my husband evidently en- 
 joyed recalling in a notice of Mr. Knight's " Reminis- 
 cences," published in 1864: 
 
 "... We are transported in imagination to a bay- 
 window that commanded the great western road the 
 Bath Road, as people at that time often called it. Every 
 evening came, in rapid succession, the earth tingling with 
 the musical tread of their horses, seven mail-coaches out 
 of London. The dark-red coach, the scarlet guard stand- 
 ing up in his solitary little dickey behind, the tramp of 
 the horses, the ring of the horns can one ever forget 
 them? For some miles out of London the guard was 
 kept on his feet, blowing on his horn, to warn all slower 
 vehicles to make way for his Majesty's mails. There was 
 a turnpike within sight of us; how the horses dashed 
 through it ! with not the least abatement of speed. If 
 some intolerable blunderer stopped the way, and that 
 royal coachman had to draw up his team, making the 
 splinter-bars rattle together, we looked upon it as almost 
 an act of high treason. If the owner of that blockading 
 cart had been immediately led off to execution, we boys 
 should have thought he had but his deserts. Our myste- 
 rious seven were still more exciting to the imagination 
 when, in the dark winter nights, only the two vivid lamps 
 could be seen borne along by the trampling coursers. No 
 darkness checked the speed of the mail ; a London fog, 
 indeed, could not be so easily vanquished ; but even the 
 London fog which brought all ordinary vehicles to a stand- 
 
 1 The Memoir is sometimes slightly abbreviated in this reproduc- 
 tion. 
 
6 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 still could not altogether subdue our royal mails. The 
 procession came flaring with torches, men shouting before 
 it, and a man with a huge link at the head of each horse. 
 It was a thrilling and a somewhat fearful scene." 
 
 The first sorrow that left a trace on my husband's re- 
 membrance was the going to school, at the age, I think, of 
 eight or nine. He did not go far, indeed, but to the sen- 
 sitive and much-petted child the change from the atmos- 
 phere of love and joy that filled his home was simply 
 appalling. ' He was sent to a clergyman of the name of 
 Elwal, and found himself surrounded by a good many 
 older boys, who appeared to him, and probably were, 
 boisterous and brutal. At all events the little fellow, to 
 whom the Bible his mother so loved was the most sacred 
 of all things, could not read it, could not kneel night and 
 morning beside his little bed, without jeers and taunts and 
 rough dissuasives. He only read and prayed the more 
 resolutely. The unflinching spirit that throughout life 
 followed after truth at any cost, was even then awake in 
 the lonely and sorrowful child. Then, too, the compara- 
 tively coarse fare, the inevitable fat, for which he had a 
 constitutional loathing, somewhat impaired his health. 
 Yet he probably kept back with the strange reticence 
 that belongs to childhood the full amount of his unhap- 
 piness, or he would never have been left at this school ; 
 and no doubt, too, school-life to one so quick to learn, so 
 active in play, must also have had a pleasant side. . . . 
 
 The next school to which he went was in every way a 
 contrast. Mr. Elwal taught well, but disregarded as 
 was indeed almost universal at that time the material 
 comforts of his pupils. At Radley, near Abingdon, the 
 latter were well attended to, but the standard of learning 
 was not high. But the two years or so spent there were 
 always cheerfully adverted to. It might jar the High 
 Church susceptibilities of the present inmates of Radley 
 Hall to know that early in the century it was a Dissent- 
 
MORNING. 1 
 
 ing school the head-master a Dissenter, who seemed to 
 have little vocation for his office beyond failure in some 
 former business. However, he had a fair staff of mas- 
 ters, and an amiable, popular wife, who liked William 
 Smith to drive with her in her little pony-carriage, which 
 he appeared to have liked too. In fact, at Radley, so 
 far as I could discern, he did nothing but what he liked. 
 A religious profession was supposed to be in the ascendant 
 there, would have insured approval ; one is not therefore 
 surprised to find that the feeling of devotion, which oppo- [ 
 sition had only stimulated, now retired out of sight. He 
 very soon learned all that the masters could teach him, was 
 at the head of the school (a distinction which he carefully 
 impressed upon me implied but mediocre scholarship), 
 and had his time almost entirely at his own disposal. I 
 have become indebted to the Rev. H. H. Dobney for 
 a further glimpse of these school-days. Mr. Dobney was 
 at Radley at the same time, a younger boy, in a different 
 class ; the personal contact of the two was therefore 
 slight, and they quite lost sight of each other. Yet Mr. 
 Dobney writes me word that he never took up " Graven- 
 hurst," " ever one of my favorite books," or " Thorndale," 
 " without thinking of the William Smith whom he knew 
 as a boy, and wondering whether their author could pos- 
 sibly be he." He vividly remembers him, " a lightly- 
 made boy, not joining much in boisterous amusements " 
 nor " mixed up in scrapes ; " but even then, one u to whom 
 it was natural to speak with something of an almost def- 
 erential manner," one " who seemed the student rather 
 than the school-boy." Radley was then a noble but still 
 unfinished house, standing in beautiful grounds. There 
 was one room especially fine in its proportions, with rows 
 of stately pillars, and looking into the park, a room orig- 
 inally destined for a library, but almost unfurnished, and 
 with a scanty choice of books; and this room was the 
 boy's favorite and undisturbed resort. And among the 
 
8 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 few volumes it contained he found Byron ! And pacing 
 up and down that pillared room, book in hand, the potent 
 spell wrought in the young poetic heart. No sketch of 
 his youth could be faithful that omitted this Byronic 
 phase. He has often described its sufferings to me, but I 
 prefer to give them in words of his own, written in 1864. 
 Throughout the long series of his articles on various sub- 
 jects I can trace occasional allusions to this morbid influ- 
 ence : 
 
 " The youth of the last age were battling blindly and 
 passionately against fate, were full of gloomy mysteries, 
 great devotees to beauty, which after all was but to them 
 the rainbow in a storm which they thought might abate, 
 but which never ceased, rainbow always upon clouds 
 which broke up only to reunite in darker masses, rain- 
 bow of beauty, not of hope, incongruous apparition in a 
 troubled and chaotic world. 
 
 " Our Byronic fever had more than one phase ; some- 
 times it exhibited itself in a mere moody fantastical mis- 
 anthropy, combined with a reckless pursuit of very vulgar 
 pleasure ; but in a less numerous and more meditative 
 order of minds it displayed itself in a morbid passionate 
 discontent with themselves as with all others. These 
 were not pleasure-seekers, they had a great scorn for 
 human life." ... It is needless to point out to which of 
 these two classes the writer could ever have belonged. 
 
 But although the first reading of Byron's poetry dated 
 as far back as the two years spent at Radley school, it 
 was later that the Byronic spirit was fully developed. 
 Certainly the germ must have lain dormant during the 
 brief and happy period that the boy passed at Glasgow 
 College (1821-22). He was young to go there only 
 fourteen ; but a brother, eight years older than himself, 
 his favorite brother Theyre, a keen logician even then, re- 
 markable throughout life for worth and charm as well as 
 
 O 
 
 intellect, and still remembered as the eloquent preacher 
 
MORNING. 9 
 
 at the Temple Church from 1832 to 1846 was at that time 
 a student at Glasgow, and it seemed desirable that Wil- 
 liam, who had evidently absorbed what of learning Radley 
 could afford, should share higher advantages under his 
 brother's care. 
 
 He always remembered this session at Glasgow with 
 peculiar interest, and more than once described to me the 
 passage from London to Leith, made in foggy weather (in 
 a sailing vessel of course), the impressions received on 
 landing, the introduction to Scotch collops, and the am- 
 brosial sweetness of the first glass of Edinburgh ale. A 
 clever student (now a dignitary of the English Church) 
 shared the lodgings of the two brothers ; John Sterling 
 was one of their intimate associates, and much eager con- 
 versing and debating went on, to which I cannot doubt 
 that the boy contributed many an apposite illustration 
 and subtle argument. His elder brother in one of his 
 home letters writes : " The opinion which I have formed 
 of William's abilities is confirmed and increases. . . . He 
 evinces at certain periods a very superior capacity. I may 
 be mistaken, and I should be sorry to strengthen an un- 
 founded expectation ; but if I can converse with him on 
 almost any subject without a difficulty from his want of 
 apprehension, lose sometimes the idea of a disparity ex- 
 isting between us, and forget that I am talking to a boy, 
 surely I may be permitted to infer that his understanding 
 is above the level of ordinary minds." 
 
 It was now that for the first time William Smith fell 
 in with Scotch metaphysics, that, to use his own words 
 in talking over the subject with me, " he got thinking" 
 As a consequence, the old theological foundations became 
 gradually disturbed, at first perhaps insensibly, for his 
 supreme enjoyment was still found in hearing Dr. Chal- 
 mers preach. That fervent eloquence always remained 
 one of his most vivid memories. At the time I write of, 
 the three friends and fellow-students were all Dissenters, 
 
10 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 but iny husband was the only one of them who throughout 
 life not only firmly adhered in theory to the Voluntary 
 system, 1 but as a matter of taste preferred the simple 
 Presbyterian service. The large family in the Hammer- 
 smith home was indeed in the habit of attending the par- 
 ish church once a day, the father had the old-fashioned 
 Church-and-King reverence, but it was in the Independ- 
 ent chapel that the younger members had their strongest 
 emotions roused. It is easy to trace the influence of early 
 associations in the passage I am about to extract from a 
 notice of Sheridan Knowles, written by my husband in the 
 summer of 1863 : 
 
 If a French actor or Italian opera-singer retires from the 
 stage to a convent of La Trappe, there to dig his own grave in 
 silence and seclusion, we hasten to throw round the incident a 
 halo of poetry. If we do not altogether admire and applaud, 
 we stand aside in submissive, respectful attitude ; we look in 
 mute amazement at this man who is so palpably forsaking earth 
 for heaven. No poetry hovers over the Dissenting meeting- 
 house. Neither the pew nor the pulpit of the Baptist chapel 
 presents anything attractive to the imagination. Good Protest- 
 ants as we are, we sympathize more readily with the Trappist 
 than with the less ardent but surely more rational devotion that 
 takes shelter in the walls of the little Bethel. Yet this should 
 not be. In reality that little Bethel may be the scene of a pious 
 enthusiasm as remarkable as any that demonstrates itself, under 
 more poetic circumstances, in the convent of La Trappe. We 
 have but to throw ourselves into the heart of the true worship- 
 
 1 Nevertheless I give a little anecdote which I owe to my hus- 
 band's gifted brother-in-law, Mr. Weigall, to prove that long before 
 the Glasgow days, indeed at a very early age, William Smith could 
 look upon both sides of a question. "His brother Theyre," writes 
 Mr. Weigall, " always predicted to me his future distinction. I re- 
 member his mentioning as an evidence of his quickness that when he 
 (Theyre) was driving him in a little pony-carriage of rather fragile- 
 looking construction, kept chiefly for the use of his sisters, William 
 said to him, * I don't like riding in this thing. I never feel secure. I 
 always feel as if I were being supported by voluntary contributions.' " 
 
MORNING. 11 
 
 per, and the most unsightly edifice of brick and mortar that 
 ever glared on us from the dusty street of a provincial town will 
 become invested with a poetry of the highest order. See the 
 well-regulated methodical tradesman enter such a building. 
 Leaving the cares and gains of the week behind him, he walks 
 at the head of his family up the narrow passage, which we will 
 not call the aisle ; he needs no verger to usher him into his 
 seat ; his hand reaches over to the familiar button that fastens 
 the door of his pew ; he opens the door, lets in wife and chil- 
 dren, then establishes himself in his accustomed corner. He 
 deals out from some secret depository, perhaps from a drawer 
 under the seat, the Bibles and the hymn-books, calf-bound, and 
 the oldest of them not a little soiled and dog-eared. These he 
 distributes, and then prepares for the morning devotion. One 
 great sentiment he more or less distinctly recognises, the senti- 
 ment which, differently modified, constitutes the essence of 
 religion in all churches and in all hearts, that he and his family 
 are then and there doing homage to the Lord of allj are pledg- 
 ing themselves to obedience to whatever is just, and wise, and 
 good, because His ways are perfect, and He requires of us, His 
 rational creatures, what poor attempts at perfection we can 
 make. After some interval of silence, a man in spotless black 
 coat and white neckcloth rises from the deal pulpit opposite ; a 
 square deal box, with a reading desk on it, which desk has no 
 other ornament or furniture than the one large book, on which 
 the minister reverently lays his hand. That one book sanctifies 
 the whole place. Take that away, and all is dirt and dinginess. 
 But our man in the corner of his pew could tell you that from 
 that central spot there has emanated, he knows not how, a subtle 
 influence that has pervaded the whole building, so that its very 
 plastered walls are sacred to him. There is a knot in the un- 
 painted wood-work of his pew on which his eye has often rested 
 as he followed the worthy preacher. Were our man to travel, 
 and to be absent in foreign kingdoms, that knot in a piece of 
 soiled deal would rise before his imagination, and suggest 
 holy memories to him. His hand would be again on the button 
 of that pew, and he would prepare himself for solemn medita< 
 tions. Oh, believe us, the poetry comes from within. 
 
12 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 To return to the youthful Glasgow student. Perhaps 
 nothing can convey so accurate an idea of what he was at 
 this early age as a letter written in most delicate and 
 legible characters to one of his elder sisters. In it we 
 already see something of that blending of thought and 
 feeling, of self-control and reflectiveness with spontaneity, 
 which distinguished the man. It shows, too, how happy 
 and loving was the home-circle he was nurtured in a 
 circle, I have heard him say, of which no member per- 
 mitted him or herself an uncourteous tone or the disre- 
 spect of personal comment towards any other. There was 
 a latent fire in the dark eyes of all, and a tacit conviction 
 prevailed that such a liberty would be resented. I copy 
 the letter verbatim. It was written in the summer of 
 1822 : 
 
 MY DEAR ESTHER, I surely need not tell you with how 
 much pleasure Selina's letter was received. Need I say, I shall 
 be glad to see you all. With how much pleasure I look forward 
 to the happy time, how many fond anticipations, and how many 
 expectations I indulge ! You have lately felt all these, and 
 know them well ; but you cannot tell the change my mind has 
 undergone. Before the arrival of that joy-bearing letter, I had 
 been " making up " my mind to spend my summer at Glasgow, 
 and perhaps part of that summer alone. I say " making up," 
 for it was a kind of process, and one rather tedious and diffi- 
 cult. For, as I told my dear mamma, the thought would often 
 come with great force, " How I should like to see them all ! " 
 Now this would greatly retard the process, and therefore I set 
 strict watch over my thoughts ; and when they rambled to 
 North End, I checked them, after a very short indulgence, for 
 fear they should end in a desire to visit that happy corner. It 
 has set all in a flame. Those smothered feelings burst forth, 
 hope and expectation shine with double lustre, all is light and 
 gladness. And shall I see you all so soon ? Yes, I shall, I 
 shall ! 
 
 This is the first time I have stopped to take breath since I 
 began this letter, for, whenever the subject of home copies apross 
 
MORNING. 13 
 
 my mind, it imparts such an impulse that there is no resisting 
 it. Perhaps it has carried me on with precipitation in this case. 
 Sometimes it crosses my path while I am taking a walk, and 
 then it is sure to make me take extraordinary long steps, or 
 make fantastic leaps. In short, wherever it comes it gives an 
 irresistible stimulus, which no gravity can withstand and no will 
 restrain. But gently ! gently, my pen ! 
 
 There is one little circumstance I cannot help mentioning. 
 When Theyre had perused the letter, and knew how the con- 
 tents would please me, he put on a grave look, and, with a 
 solemn manner, read to me that part which contained the news. 
 The contrast was very great, for, while he was standing in this 
 solemn manner, I was laughing and wriggling about the chair, 
 as though bewitched. Well then, you may expect us the first 
 week in August, at the latest ; and glad shall I be when that 
 week comes, for I do so want to see you all. 
 
 No doubt it will give you pleasure to hear that Theyre has 
 carried off the first prize in the Logic class. There are in 
 every class a certain number of prizes given, and they are dis- 
 tributed according to the votes of the students. Theyre ob- 
 tained his unanimously. He also was successful in a prize 
 essay. I must also tell you that the Greek professor gave me 
 one for two or three poetical translations I wrote. There is no 
 little ceremony in distributing them, but I will not trouble you 
 with that. 
 
 How many circumstances are there which are constantly 
 directing our thoughts to that place where our affections are 
 placed ! The most trifling thing will sometimes carry us away 
 many miles, and detain us there for a long time. The other 
 day, as I was demonstrating a proposition (for I am attending 
 a little to mathematics), I happened to put the lid of the case 
 of instruments upon my compass, and, twirling it round, it made 
 a noise like a rattle. This rattling immediately reminded me 
 of May-fair ; it was but a step to North End, and, when once 
 you have set your foot there, you know how many difficulties to 
 take it away again. " Well, some time after I found myself look- 
 ing intently on the proposition, and holding the compass and the 
 case on it in my hand, but quite ignorant of what I was doing. 
 I seemed to have been roused from a vision. 
 
14 
 
 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 Then follow messages of love to the different members 
 of the family, and a little significant postcript : " You 
 promise you won't keep me ! " which proves how much the 
 college life was appreciated. 1 But though he did return 
 at the commencement of the next session, a sharp attack 
 of inflammation of the lungs soon led to his being sent 
 away home, and in the January of 1823 his father died, at 
 the age of sixty-three. 
 
 And now came many changes, all of them fraught with 
 pain. There was the loss of the indulgent father, the 
 spectacle of the mother's meek, deep-seated grief, the 
 break-up of the cheerful home, and in addition there was 
 the closing of the college career, for the climate of Glas- 
 gow was pronounced too severe to be safely returned to ; 
 and the youth in whose secret soul the problems of the 
 metaphysician and the visions of the poet were already 
 
 1 My husband throughout life entertained a very decided prefer- 
 ence for the Scotch system of mental training. I may illustrate this 
 by some observations of his in an article, written in 1855, on the Life 
 of Lord Metcalfe. That distinguished man, as a young Oxonian, 
 professed to " abhor metaphysics," and in his journal prayed to be 
 delivered from " the abominable spirit " of reliance on reason as a 
 guide ; " blessed reason," as he in irony termed it. 
 
 " One cannot help remarking that a Scotch youth of the same age 
 might be equally pious, equally steadfast in his faith, and perhaps 
 more conversant with the several articles of his creed, but he never 
 would have expressed the tenacity of his convictions in this manner, 
 never would have spoken of * blessed reason ' ironically. ... His 
 first and last boast would have been that his faith was the perfection 
 of reason. A Scotch lad, who had only breathed the air of Glasgow 
 or of Edinburgh, would have never shrunk from intellectual contest, 
 or professed that the creed he held and cherished was not in perfect 
 harmony with the truly blessed reason. He would as soon have 
 thought of proclaiming himself a lunatic in the public streets, and 
 avowing a preference for a slight shade of insanity. Such distinc- 
 tion we cannot help noticing between the systems of education in 
 England and Scotland ; but we have no intention of pursuing the 
 subject, or drawing any laboured comparison between their respective 
 merits." 
 
MORNING. 15 
 
 seething, found himself destined to an uncongenial call- 
 ing, that of the law. " He was articled," I quote from a 
 letter of Mr. WeigalFs, " to Mr. Sharon Turner, the An- 
 glo-Saxon historian, who was by profession an attorney ; 
 but the office routine was so distasteful to him that he 
 soon solicited Mr. Turner to cancel his articles. Mr. 
 Turner told him he did not feel justified in doing so, as 
 he did not consider William, at that time the best judge 
 of what was expedient for him. William dragged through 
 the weary hours he was required by his agreement to spend 
 in Mr. Turner's office, and has often told me they were 
 the most tedious and profitless in his existence." When 
 it is remembered, too, that at this early age necessity was 
 laid upon the earnest seeker after truth to loose from the 
 old moorings and put forth, he alone, he so loving, so 
 sensitive, so considerate of the feelings of others alone 
 on what then seemed " a dim and perilous way," one to- 
 wards which, at all events, no member of his home ever so 
 much as glanced, it need excite no surprise that he viewed 
 this period of his youth as profoundly unhappy. He 
 would occasionally revert to it, but I never encouraged 
 any reminiscence that cast a shadow over his spirits. I 
 feel, however, that the following passage from one of his 
 early works sprang from personal experience : 
 
 It generally happens that the external influences of daily 
 scene and customary actions oppose their timely resistance to 
 the desponding humour of our early days. But in my case the 
 outward scene of life was such as to foster and encourage it. The 
 encroaching disposition became sole possessor of my mind. The 
 ivy grew everywhere. It spread unhindered on my path, it 
 stole unchecked upon my dwelling, it obscured the light of day, 
 and embowered the secluded tenant in a fixed and stationary 
 gloom. ... In this moody condition of my soul, every trifling 
 disgust, every casual vexation, though disregarded of them- 
 selves, could summon up a dismal train of violent and afflicting 
 meditations. The first disturbance, the first ripple on the sur 
 
16 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 face, soon indeed subsided ; but, to take an illustration from 
 some fairy tale I have read, the pebble was thrown upon en- 
 chanted waters, and it roused the gloomy and tempestuous gen- 
 ius that lay scarce slumbering beneath them. 
 
 Yet nothing could be more true than that " his misan- 
 thropy injured no one but its owner." Such was the sweet- 
 ness of his nature, and his equitable recognition of the 
 claims of others, that I doubt if his devoted mother, or any 
 one of the home-circle " to whose hilarity he conspicuously 
 contributed," ever suspected that beneath such a sunlit 
 smiling surface any gloomy genius whatsoever dwelt and 
 stirred. A lady, however, who in her character of ac- 
 quaintance may have observed more accurately than rela- 
 tives, who often stand too near to see, describes him at this 
 period as " most gentle and gracious, but seemingly quite 
 apart from the rest in his dreamy, gentle way." She 
 adds : " Looking at his face, one could only think of the 
 wonderful depth and intellect of his eyes, this was some- 
 thing marvellous.'* 
 
 And now comes a period of which I can give scarce any 
 account, for to my husband, whose life had long been one of 
 abstract thinking, impersonal, one might almost say, 
 any attempt to recall dates was distinctly painful ; and I, 
 while gladly garnering any crumbs that fell for me from 
 his past, was aware that he could not, even had he tried, 
 reconstruct it consecutively. But I know that he lived 
 with a most tender mother, a mother in whjose eyes 
 whatever William did was right ; to whom his very leav- 
 ing off attending church and chapel, though it might have 
 disturbed her in the case of others, could not seem wrong. 
 I know that his first visit to Switzerland, first sight of the 
 Lake of Lucerne and the glories of the mountains, was 
 paid during an early period of youth, while there was 
 on him that misanthropic Byronic mood, in which, to use 
 his own words, " a love and an enthusiasm for nature was 
 a compensation for want of cordial sympathy with mnn, 
 
MORNING. 17 
 
 not a related feeling strengthened by and strengthening 
 that sympathy." 
 
 Exactly when that mood passed away forever I cannot 
 determine, but in his earliest productions it is already 
 looked back upon as from a distance. I will finally dis- 
 miss it in two passages of his own : 
 
 " He who has read, and felt, and risen above the poetry 
 of Byron, will be for life a wiser man for having once 
 been thoroughly acquainted with the morbid sentiments 
 which there meet with so full and powerful an expression. 
 And so variously are we constituted that there are some 
 who find themselves best roused to vigorous and sound 
 thinking by an author with whom they have to contend. 
 There are who can better quiet their perturbed minds by 
 watching the extravagances of a stronger maniac than 
 themselves, than by listening to placid strains, however 
 eloquent. Some there are who seem destined to find 
 their entrance into philosophy, and into its calmest re- 
 cesses, through the avenue of moody and discontented re- 
 flection." And: "It is a sort of moral conversion when 
 a youthful mind turns from a too exclusive admiration of 
 Byron's genius to the pages of Wordsworth." This con- 
 version in my husband's case took place early. 
 
 I have heard him say that during his youth he was 
 a quite rapacious reader of English and French literature. 
 All the dramatists, all the essayists, all the historians of 
 both countries, in addition to their philosophical writers, 
 nothing came amiss to him ; and if the day seemed long 
 in the lawyer's office, the nights flew in eager study. It 
 was his custom to sit up till three or four. The dear 
 mother must have had many an anxious thought as to the 
 effects of such a practice on so sensitive and fragile a 
 frame, but she never seems to have interfered, even by 
 tender remonstrance, with her son's perfect liberty. I ex- 
 tract a passage of his (written in 1847) which is evi- 
 dently the expression of a personal experience. 
 
18 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 The student's lamp was burning ; how calm, how still is the 
 secluded chamber ! . . . Reflection has her emotions, thrilling 
 as those of passion. He who has not closed his door upon the 
 world, and sat down with books and his own thoughts in a soli- 
 tude like this, may have lived, we care not in how gay a world, 
 or how passionate an existence, he has yet an excitement to 
 experience which, if not so violent, is far more prolonged, 
 deeper, and more sustained than any he has known, than any 
 which the most brilliant scenes or the most clamorous triumphs 
 of life can furnish. What is all the sparkling exhilaration of 
 society, the wittiest and the fairest, what all the throbbings and 
 perturbations of love itself, compared with the intense feeling 
 of the youthful thinker who has man, and God, and eternity 
 for his fresh contemplations, who for the first time perceives in 
 his solitude all the grand enigmas of human existence lying 
 unsolved about him ? His brow is not corrugated, his eye is not 
 inflamed ; he sits calm and serene ; a child would look into his 
 face and be drawn near to him ; but it seems to him that on 
 his beating heart the very hand of God is lying. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 CLOUDS. 
 
 THE boy's letter to his sister brings him before us in his 
 fifteenth year, the year which proved to be the last of 
 his boyhood. He comes before us again in the first of his 
 published writings, six years later. The intervening pe- 
 riod gave the decisive stamp to his life. We see in him 
 at the beginning a refined and sensitive nature, its affec- 
 tions developed and satisfied in the warm atmosphere of 
 home, and its intellect already stimulated by Scotch the- 
 ology and metaphysics. It was a nature that early 
 showed its essential bias, an attraction toward truth, 
 beauty, and love. Then came the rough transplanting 
 into an attorney's office. The study and the work were 
 dull and uncongenial ; the knowledge acquired was dry and 
 unnutritious ; for the present, there was no recompense 
 in the sense of service rendered to others, or even the sat- 
 isfaction of earning a daily wage ; and as preparation for 
 the future, the way led to a profession which was hope- 
 lessly unsuited to the man. The result of an outward sit- 
 uation so repellant was to throw the young man back upon 
 that purely interior life, of fancy, feeling, and specu- 
 lation, to which by innate constitution he was prone 
 enough without external incitement. Among the men of 
 his time, Arthur Clough is the one with whom it is most 
 natural to compare him. The two were alike in their 
 thirst for truth and their purity of life, and they swam in 
 the same sea of thought. But Clough was happy in the 
 circumstance that his early years were passed at Rugby 
 and at Oxford ; where along with his Latin and Greek he 
 
20 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 got the hardy training of the foot-ball ground and the 
 river, the grand influence of Dr. Arnold, and that com- 
 panionship with fresh youthful spirits which he so charm- 
 ingly portrays in the " Bothie." For him, the unsparing 
 quest for absolute truth was postponed until his sinews 
 had been knit and he had been fortified by generous com- 
 radeships against the loneliness which besets the thinker. 
 
 But no such kindly apprenticeship fell to the boy of our 
 story. Glasgow College and Dr. Chalmers had already 
 set him to thinking. Such thought led into fields infi- 
 nitely attractive to a mind like his. Now there were no 
 counter attractions, and the entire energies of his nature 
 were swept along into a world of such fascination, its 
 splendors so enthralling, its terrors so enchaining, that 
 under its spell the whole external world, its law-books, its 
 drudgery, its London streets, its men and women, and 
 even its home companionships, became in comparison far 
 away and dim. As the children of Hamelin followed the 
 piper's music, so this boy followed the mysterious musi- 
 cian whose melodies are reverie and speculation, and 
 passed into a realm apart from the workaday world. 
 
 There is nothing to indicate with certainty the precise 
 course of his early thinking. But one of the characters 
 in " Thorndale " affords a clue which we may follow with 
 reasonable confidence that under the name of Cyril we 
 have in substance, if not in form, a part of the youthful 
 experience of William Smith. 
 
 A pious and affectionate youth may, without blame on his 
 part, commence his career of independent thinking by a rebel- 
 lion against some of his most sacred feelings, by a violence done 
 to his best affections. His peace of mind is disturbed, and the 
 harmony of the family circle is broken by an invisible enemy, 
 who has stolen upon him in the very hours of study and medita- 
 tion. Those earliest and dearest friendships, as well as those 
 first and sacred convictions, which should have lasted him his 
 whole life, are put in jeopardy at the very outset. 
 
CLOUDS. 21 
 
 For some time our inquiring youth keeps his doubt a close 
 prisoner within his own Bosom. At length, one day, being 
 more daring or more despondent than usual, he gives expression, 
 in the family circle, to some of those sceptical questionings he has 
 been secretly revolving. As soon as the words have passed his 
 lips how those lips trembled as he spoke ! he feels that it 
 was not an opinion only he has uttered, but a defiance. And it is 
 not an answer, but a reproof, that he receives. An elder brother 
 frowns, a sister weeps, a parent solemnly rebukes. Sad and in- 
 auspicious entrance on the paths of inquiry. He retreats into 
 himself, perturbed, disdainful, with a rankling sense of injustice 
 done to him. 
 
 Beyond the family circle the case is little better. In gen- 
 eral society he soon learns that the subject of religion is alto- 
 gether inadmissible. There is but one thing more distasteful to 
 well-bred people than a religious sentiment or opinion, and that 
 is the least show of opposition^ to it. You must think over these 
 matters if you must think in perfect retirement. The one 
 half of society requires that you respect its faith, the other half 
 that you respect its hypocrisy. 
 
 . . . Such an one, when I knew him, was Cyril. A youth 
 of more blameless manners there could not be. His parents 
 were distinguished for their evangelical piety, and were de- 
 lighted to watch the development of his ardent and unaffected 
 devotion. His nature had entirely responded to the religious 
 training he had received. How came doubt, it will be asked, in 
 such a mind ? What sceptical works was he likely to read ? 
 And if he had been persuaded to read any such works, would 
 they have produced any other impression on a person of this de- 
 scription than pain and offence ? Let their statements or reason- 
 ings be what they might, such a person would only have been 
 stung, irritated, wounded by them not convinced or shaken. 
 
 But the enemy may approach in a far more insidious manner 
 than by a direct attack. His father took a great interest in the 
 subject of reformatory punishment, as it is sometimes called. 
 (The combination of reformatory and educational measures with 
 punishment, would be a more accurate expression for the object 
 which such philanthropists have in view.) Schemes of prison 
 discipline formed the most frequent topic of conversation at his 
 
22 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 own home. The house was full of books treating upon this 
 subject in every possible manner, either investigating the ra- 
 tionale of punishment, or proposing new methods for the moral 
 restoration of the criminal. In short, it was the paternal hobby. 
 Now, in works treating on the subject of criminal jurisprudence, 
 there will invariably be intermingled ethical discussions on the 
 nature and objects of punishment itself, and on the meaning 
 which is attached to such words, for instance, as retributive pun- 
 ishment, and of penalty, when imposed in order to secure obe- 
 dience to a promulgated law. As I understood him, the perusal 
 of these books, together with the constant reiteration in the 
 family circle that the reformation of the criminal himself was 
 never to be lost sight of as one of the ends of punishment, forced 
 upon his mind the perception of a strange contrast between the 
 ethical principles which his father advocated when discoursing 
 upon this favourite topic, and the ethical principles which he ad- 
 vanced or implied when he expounded his Calvinistic divinity. 
 Cyril, at least, could not reconcile the two. He could not help 
 saying to himself though he recoiled at first with horror from 
 his own suggestions that his father claimed for a human leg- 
 islator principles more noble and enlightened than those he at- 
 tributed to the Divine Governor. The idea was at first repudi- 
 ated ; it was thrust back ; but it would return. The subject was 
 not allowed to sleep, for every fresh visitor at the house called 
 forth from his father an exposition of what he deemed to be the 
 true principles of criminal jurisprudence. To punish for re- 
 venge, he pronounced unchristian and irrational ; he admitted 
 no ends for punishment but the protection of society and the 
 reformation of the criminal, which also was the best protection 
 for society ; nor would he allow that the first of these was an 
 end which could be legitimately pursued without being coupled 
 with the second. 
 
 . . . That the future punishments of God should have for 
 one end the reformation of the offender does not appear to be 
 a heresy of a very deep dye, nor one that ought to have dis- 
 turbed a pious mind ; but it shook the whole system of theology 
 in which Cyril had been brought up. If punishment has in 
 itself wise and merciful ends, if it is conducive, or accom- 
 panied by measures that are conducive, to the restoration of the 
 
CLOUDS. 23 
 
 criminal, what becomes of all those ideas attached to the word 
 salvation, in which he had been educated ? I only indicate 
 the train of thought awakened in Cyril's mind. Those only 
 who have been educated as he was can understand the terror 
 and anguish of heart which such a train of thought brought 
 with it. 
 
 . . . The first murmur of dissent he ventured to raise 
 against the system in which he had been educated was on the 
 doctrine of eternal punishment. It was the doctrine he most 
 frequently discussed with me. The more he studied it, whether 
 in works of ethics or works of religion, the less could he assent 
 to it. Yet the denial of it shook all the rest of the system ; his 
 doctrine of Atonement must be entirely remodelled ; in short, 
 he was plunged into the miseries of doubt. 
 
 ... To appreciate the distress of Cyril it must be borne 
 in mind that he had been brought up in the conviction that un- 
 belief was a sin of the greatest magnitude ; that it could not 
 fail to incur all the penalties of extreme guilt, as the unbeliever 
 was cut off from the only means of salvation. Say that he was 
 wrong, then his very denial had sentenced him directly or indi- 
 rectly to that final doom he called in question. His unbelief 
 had incapacitated him from seizing upon the sole means of es- 
 cape. This terrible responsibility was forever with him. A 
 voice would peal incessantly in his ears, " You may be wrong, 
 and then " 
 
 ... I cannot describe, and do not wish to describe, the 
 depth of terror and affliction which Cyril felt as his earliest 
 faith was being rent from him. A soul athirst for piety seemed 
 driven from the only temple in which it could worship. He 
 grew restless, gloomy, at times even morose. 
 
 ... [At Oxford.] The cloud was darkening over him. At 
 length he rarely came to my room. Hearing he was unwell I 
 went to see him. I asked him after his health ; he did not an- 
 swer the question took no heed of it ; his thoughts were else- 
 where. "Oh, Thorndale! " he said, " to pass long sleepless nights 
 sleepless and in pain and not to know how to pray ! " And 
 as he pressed Iny hand he burst into an agony of tears. 
 
 . . . With some few men this gloomy contest, carried on 
 apart and alone, has absorbed all the energies of their intellect. 
 
24 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 Coerced into silence, they gain no help from other minds ; the 
 cloud hangs over them perpetually ; no word from another 
 disperses it for a moment ; perhaps they are ashamed to confess 
 the secret terrors they more than occasionally feel. They seek 
 no distraction ; for them there is no oblivion ; they must front 
 their enemy with a steady eye, or they sink vanquished, and lose 
 entirely their self-respect. Perhaps there is no interest or 
 pleasure so absorbing as to shelter them during one whole day 
 from some recurrence of their sad and interminable controversy. 
 They live on, knowing nothing of philosophy but its doubts, and 
 retaining nothing of religion but its fears. 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 LIGHT BREAKING. 
 
 AND how is our poor boy to cope with these vast prob- 
 lems ? The bitterness of the struggle has been partly 
 shown in the passages from Cyril's story. It is a com- 
 plex suffering. The centring of his deepest interests on a 
 topic which he cannot share with the others consigns to 
 loneliness a nature framed for sympathy and tenderness. 
 The impulse of a reverent soul toward worship and ado- 
 ration finds itself baffled, the glorious image of its Deity 
 dissolving into mists of uncertainty. Deepest trouble of 
 all, the practical rule of life, the chart and compass for 
 daily and hourly guidance, seems lost to a man of reli- 
 gious nature when his beliefs become unsettled. Such 
 guidance is sufficiently furnished for many men by the 
 standards of social usage, of acquired habit, or of obvious 
 utility. But the sensitive and spiritual nature yearns to 
 connect its common acts and choices with some lofty and 
 abiding reality; dead reckoning will not serve its pur- 
 pose, it must take observation by the heavenly bodies. 
 
 So great were the troubles into which the youth fell. 
 And it was not a weakness or a fault that involved him in 
 his difficulties, but the highest quality in him. He obeyed 
 a voice which bade him unsparingly ask, " What is true ? " 
 Even that impulse of worship which is the heart of piety 
 laid on him, by the whole force of its austere sanctity, the 
 requirement that the object of his worship be a worthy 
 one, that it be a reality and not a delusion. 
 
 How fares it then with this boy as he ripens early into 
 manhood under the stress of such questionings? Des- 
 
26 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 tined he clearly is to spend his life in thinking his way 
 just so far into the order of the universe as his faculties 
 and opportunities will carry him. But how meantime is 
 his personal life to go on ? Must he wait until he has 
 thought out the ultimate problems of existence, or been 
 persuaded to accept some other man's scheme, before he 
 can have scope for his piety, guidance for his conduct, 
 and love answering his love ? 
 
 The purpose which he set before himself, or rather which 
 was inexorably set before him, was the search for truth. 
 But along with this, including it and transcending it, lay 
 a problem of another sort to fit his own personality 
 rightly and truly to its place in the order of things. In 
 modern speech, the individual must adjust himself to his 
 environment ; in the older phrase, man must learn and do 
 the will of God. The main business of every man, even 
 the philosopher, is not to explain the universe, but rightly 
 to live his own life. 
 
 The story of Cyril reveals much as to the general nature 
 of the youth's first conflict. But to Cyril is assigned a 
 wholly different issue from that which happened in the case 
 of the mind that conceived him ; for Cyril finds refuge and 
 peace in the Church of Eome. To William Smith that 
 road was quite impracticable. The directions in which 
 his thought took shape and ripened toward conviction we 
 shall trace hereafter. But the really critical stage in his 
 personal development, the process deeper than all specu- 
 lative thought, we may safely believe to be that to which 
 his wife refers, when she tells of his passing from the in- 
 fluence of Byron to that of Wordsworth. 
 
 It is not to be supposed that Byron and Wordsworth 
 were altogether the decisive factors in the business. They 
 counted for something. But, beyond what they were in 
 themselves, they stood as the types in literature of two 
 different attitudes of character; and it was the change 
 from one attitude to the other which was so important and 
 
LIGHT BREAKING. 27 
 
 decisive that the word " conversion " might well be given 
 to it. It was a process which the poems of Wordsworth 
 doubtless did much to help, but which was also forwarded 
 by the strong inward bent of the young man. It was as 
 when the compass-needle, after vibrating under conflicting 
 attractions, swings at last with the unseen current, and is 
 thereafter held tremulous but true to the northward line. 
 
 Byron stands for the rebellion of the soul against a 
 world that does not please it. He craves freedom, beauty, 
 joy; he finds restraint, ugliness, trouble. He betakes 
 himself to resistance and to scorn. He finds the gratifi- 
 cations that he craves prohibited ; and where the law that 
 restrains him may be broken, he snatches at the forbidden 
 fruit ; where the law is above his power, he is sullen and 
 bitter. He is partly but not wholly of the earth, earthy ; 
 moral beauty and grandeur, as well as physical, have a 
 charm for him ; he admires, but he will not worship. 
 Practically it is himself that he sets as God, his own 
 mixed being, with head of gold, body of iron, and feet of 
 clay, and because the world of nature and of man is not 
 subject to him, he stands rebellious and scornful. 
 
 The music of his verse, the splendor of his imagery, the 
 rapid dramatic action, catches the fancy of our youth 
 while he is yet a school-boy. Then later, when he too 
 finds his world an unfriendly place ; when his thirst for 
 joy and freedom is mocked ; when the object of his wor- 
 ship fades into uncertainty ; when, looking on the splen- 
 dors of the Alps, he feels his own spirit clouded, then lie 
 finds in Byron's defiant temper a mood congenial to his 
 own. He too is a rebel. There is no visible outbreak ; 
 he does his task work ; at home he may be often silent, 
 but he speaks 110 wounding word. Libertinism of the 
 senses is repugnant to him. But in silence he protests 
 against this whole cruel order of things ; against a God 
 who hides himself, and against a universe which tantalizes 
 its children with glimpses of a good it forbids them to 
 grasp. 
 
28 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 The characteristic of Wordsworth is the spirit of obedi- 
 ence and reverence. He faces life not with a demand 
 that it shall yield him pleasure, but with the wish to know 
 his true place and do his rightful part. Are irksome 
 tasks laid upon him ? He will meet them faithfully ; and 
 so meeting them, Drudgery is transfigured before his eyes, 
 and becomes Duty, "stern daughter of the voice of God." 
 He looks out upon the world of humanity and of nature 
 with sympathy and awe. This glorious universe, vaster 
 far is its significance than to minister ease to him, 
 or give applause to his merit. His is the secret of pos- 
 session, a self-forgetfulness that appropriates by sympathy 
 the good of others. Because he brings to the contempla- 
 tion of Nature a mind which seeks no homage for itself, 
 and watches her beauty and listens for her message, un- 
 troubled by the turmoil of selfish passion, therefore 
 Nature, whom Byron finds " heedless and inaccessible," 1 
 
 1 Wordsworth gathers from this visible beauty of the creation 
 more than a pleasure and delight, more even than that sentiment 
 of romantic devotion which other poets have rapturously pro- 
 claimed ; he detects in it a communion and an intelligent influence, 
 passing in all ages between the Spirit of the universe and heart of 
 man. He reads in the cloud, touched by the light of heaven, an un- 
 utterable love. Here is the keynote by which the variable human 
 being may at all times tune his mind, if he will, to be in harmony 
 and accordance with that " great idea " which the world was framed 
 by Divine Wisdom to answer. No man has so exalted and refined 
 this sentiment. Beauty is with him a piety. In the sombre seclu- 
 sion of a metropolis I have read his verse and worshipped. I am 
 transported to the eternal hills, to that first and enduring temple 
 which mountain and the sky have reared, and where it needs not that 
 any perpetual flame be kept alive upon the altar by the hand of man, 
 for the whole scene is one animated type, placed there for the com- 
 munion of the human family with heaven and with each other ; and 
 the Spirit of God is felt moving in the midst. . . . Byrori, too, could 
 extol that beauty in strains of unsurpassed magnificence, but with 
 him a love and enthusiasm for nature was a compensation for want of 
 cordial sympathy with man, not a related feeling strengthened by 
 and strengthening that feeling. With him Nature was a goddess 
 
LIGHT BREAKING. 29 
 
 shows herself to this humble worshipper as a divine 
 mother. Her glory is sacramental to him ; it is like the 
 visible face of God. 
 
 Was it as he read some page of Wordsworth, or was it 
 in lonely communing with himself and the Unseen, we 
 know not, but there came to the troubled young spirit a 
 voice, " Peace, be still ! " There came to him, grew* upon 
 him, wrought itself through his obedience into an inward 
 law of his nature, the impulse to accept the order of the 
 universe, without waiting to comprehend it ; to faithfully 
 discharge the near and known duty ; to look reverently 
 upon all beauty and grandeur as the manifestation of 
 some eternal good. He heard and obeyed the command 
 to submit, to obey, to revere. 
 
 Of that command, borne in upon a spirit like his by in- 
 fluences more and finer than can be distincly traced, yet 
 Wordsworth stood as the most articulate interpreter. 
 Under such teaching, the young man ripens out of the 
 stage of rebellion and bitterness into sweetness and 
 humility. He has still much of suffering and perplexity 
 to encounter. It is not given him to emerge at once into 
 such tranquil sunlight as shines on Wordsworth's pages, 
 and there to abide. But he is learning a disposition and 
 habit which will stand him in stead through all sorest need. 
 His is one of those natures endowed with too much sensi- 
 bility, with too unsparing a desire of truth, to allow an easy 
 or a tranquil life. But he is coming now into true relation 
 with the world in which he is to live and serve, and with 
 that awful Power which his eyes and heart strain to dis- 
 cern. He has taken obedience and reverence for his 
 guides. 
 
 which he placed in hostile contrast to Humanity, and for this very 
 reason was the more willing to adore. His imagination endowed her 
 with a quite separate existence, apart alike from God and man. In 
 the sort of chivalrous homage he paid to this sovereign mistress of 
 his soul, he delighted to pronounce her heedless and inaccessible to 
 the presence or the prayers of her poor human worshippers. 
 William Smith, in Blackwood, March, 1841. 
 
30 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 In the poetry of Wordsworth he found an aid, and 
 under its influence he came not only into more of in- 
 ward peace, but into a larger intellectual outlook. But 
 Wordsworth's was not a religion or a philosophy to wholly 
 satisfy him. On the one hand, Wordsworth steadily 
 holds the traditional creed of Christianity and the Church 
 of England. That creed has no very conspicuous part in 
 his writings ; but his unquestioning acceptance of it gives 
 to his mind a settled position, and a freedom to survey 
 man and nature as it were at leisure. On the other hand, 
 his own peculiar philosophy is mystical ; he accepts seen 
 things as symbols of higher things unseen. Why he so 
 accepts them, he does not try to explain. It is so that 
 they present themselves to his mind ; and to one order of 
 minds, such acceptance is as natural and self-evident as 
 the operations of the physical senses. But the mind with 
 which our story deals, though endowed with something of 
 this illuminated vision, included also a more searching 
 and exacting quality. It was acute and analytical, bent 
 to trace every stream to its earliest source, to test all so- 
 called intuitions by rigid laws of evidence, and to go back 
 of every assertion with an inexorable WTiy ? This quality 
 was doubtless stimulated by the training in Scotch meta- 
 physics ; it must have been fostered, too, by long study of 
 the civil law ; and it accorded with the principles of inves- 
 tigation of physical science, which have played so great a 
 part in our day. In short, there were combined in this 
 man the traits of the poet, the saint, the metaphysician, 
 and the scientist. In the consummate and perfect man, 
 the ideal product of humanity, all these characteristics 
 would unite, and form a perfect harmony. But the effort 
 to harmonize their workings in an actual man, of flesh and 
 blood limitations, is an arduous business. It made of life 
 an arduous business for William Smith. 
 
 We get an incidental glimpse of help given him toward 
 one great forward step, toward emancipation from that 
 
LIGHT BREAKING. 31 
 
 fear of Divine wrath menacing the doubter which haunted 
 his first departure from the faith of his fathers. In one 
 of his earliest publications he makes cordial mention of 
 Shaftesbury's " Characteristics." That book has the mild, 
 rational, moderate tone which is perhaps the best trait of 
 the English philosophical writers of the eighteenth cen- 
 tury. It does not probe the great questions closely home, 
 according to our later ideas ; but it introduces, instead of 
 the lurid atmosphere of polemical controversy, an air of 
 good temper and of composure, akin to that with which 
 truth is followed in the dialogues of Plato. There is one 
 passage which bears so directly upon the fear that had 
 shadowed the soul of the young doubter that it is worthy 
 of quotation here. 
 
 We must not only be in ordinary good humour, but in the 
 best of humours, and in the sweetest, kindest disposition of our 
 lives, to understand well what true goodness is, and what those 
 attributes imply which we ascribe with such applause and 
 honour to the Deity. We shall then be able to see best whether 
 those forms of justice, those degrees of punishment, that temper 
 of resentment, and those measures of offence and indignation, 
 which we vulgarly suppose in God, are suitable to those original 
 ideas of goodness which the same Divine Being, or Nature un- 
 der Him, has implanted in us, and which we must necessarily 
 presuppose in order to give Him praise or honour in any kind. 
 This is the security against all superstition : To remember that 
 there is nothing in God but what is God-like, and that He is 
 eitber not at all or truly and perfectly good. But when we are 
 afraid to use our reason freely, even on that very question, 
 * Whether He really be or not' we then actually presume Him 
 bad, and flatly contradict that pretended character of goodness 
 and greatness, whilst we discover this mistrust of his temper, 
 and fear his anger and resentment, in the case of this freedom 
 of inquiry. 
 
 We have a notable instance of this freedom in one of our 
 sacred authors. As patient as Job is said to be, it cannot be de- 
 nied that he makes bold enough with God, and takes his Provi- 
 
32 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 deuce roundly to task. His friends, indeed, plead hard with 
 him, and use all arguments, right or wrong, to patch up objec- 
 tions, and set the affairs of Providence upon an equal foot. 
 They make a merit of saying all the good they can of God, at 
 the very stretch of their reason, and sometimes quite beyond it. 
 But this, in Job's opinion, is flattering God, accepting of God's 
 person, and even mocking Him,. And no wonder. For what 
 merit can there be in believing God, or his Providence, upon 
 frivolous and weak grounds ? What virtue in assuming an 
 opinion contrary to the appearance of things, and resolving to 
 hear nothing which may be said against it ? Excellent charac- 
 ter of the God of truth ! that He should be offended at us for 
 having refused to put the lie upon our understandings, as much 
 as in us lay ; and be satisfied with us for having believed, at a 
 venture, and against our reason, what might have been the 
 greatest falsehood in the world for anything we could bring as a 
 proof or evidence to the contrary ! 
 
 The gradual progress of the young man's thought will 
 be unfolded hereafter. But, from the time he leaves his 
 Byronic passion behind him with his boyhood, during all 
 his years, in whatever of struggle and perplexity he may 
 be involved, he is always in heart and life a worshipper. 
 The sun is often behind a cloud ; he vainly strains his 
 eyes to discern its orb ; but its softened light suffuses the 
 heavens and earth about him. A passage in one of his 
 latest writings describes in the character of Clough that 
 quality which was the accepted law of his own life. 
 
 The only thing absolutely essential to him was the approval 
 of his own conscience. This man, so free in speculation, who 
 had sounded all the perilous depths of human thought, who had 
 cast off dogmas as the serpent casts his skin, and with as little 
 thought of returning to them again, was a very slave to the sen- 
 timent of duty. The thing that was right the doing of this 
 stood to him in the place of ambition ; and it had sometimes to 
 stand in the place of doctrine too. Faith in the right this 
 never forsook him ; nor in that Being whom, when the reason 
 refuses to clothe in any mythological or objective form, it still 
 finds even in itself ! 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 "THE WOOL-GATHERER." 
 
 THE last two chapters have portrayed in grave hues the 
 young man's thought and life. But with the sombre 
 strain there was interwoven in him an element of pure joy 
 and even of light-heartedness. The noble delight of the 
 thinker is portrayed in the passage which his wife quotes 
 (page 32). There were, too, lighter kinds of intellectual 
 resource, on which he feasted with healthy youthful ap- 
 petite. It was something very different from theological 
 problems which engaged his pen in his earliest published 
 writings. 
 
 In the year 1828 a weekly literary paper called " The 
 Athena3um, v which had lately made an unnoticed begin- 
 ning in London, was observed to take on a new quality, 
 and to show fine and promising work, as of vigorous 
 though youthful hands. It had come into the control and 
 editorship of two young men, fresh from Cambridge Uni- 
 versity, John Sterling and Frederick Denison Maurice. 
 Among the contributions of this first year was a series of 
 eight papers, on various topics, signed " A Wool-Gath- 
 erer." The writer was William Smith, then twenty years 
 of age. The first paper, " On Periodicals," pleads the 
 cause of this species of literature in a style which plays 
 easily between the grave and the humorous. The maga- 
 zine, says the writer, is not to be despised because it 
 scarcely aims at more than a transient interest. " It is the 
 perpetual fountain, whose life and whose beauty are not to 
 be found in any one drop of the ever-changing liquid, 
 a fountain whose boast it is to be continually exhibiting 
 
34 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 under a graceful form some portions of the collected and 
 otherwise stagnant waters of learning." For his own 
 part, he even disclaims the usual contempt for an an- 
 tiquated periodical, and finds in it a curious interest. 
 " There the writer stands, in the same attitude of defiance 
 or astonishment into which he was surprised by the popu- 
 lar excitement of the time; he is still gazing with awe 
 and wonder upon the ghost which the rest of the world 
 has long since discovered to have been a white sheet upon 
 an ivy bush." As to the broad question of the periodical 
 form, he admits there is a drawback in the tendency of the 
 paper to interrupt the social chat of the family ; and for 
 this, he says : " I would propose it as a remedy that 
 everybody should make it a stipulation in the marriage 
 settlement ' that the said A. or B. shall not, nor will, dur- 
 ing the hours of breakfast, tea, or supper, or for the space 
 of sixty minutes after each and every of the said meals 
 (the said sixty minutes to be calculated by the minute 
 hand of the outside clock of the nearest parish church, 
 provided that the said clock be going, and be in thorough 
 repair, certificate of which, etc.) read or peruse, or ap- 
 pear to be reading or perusing, any gazette, journal, maga- 
 zine, etc.' ' In conclusion, the essayist disavows any 
 expectation of imitating either the excellences or defects 
 of the eighteenth-century writers whose forms and machin- 
 ery he has adopted. " The playful wit and elegance of 
 the lighter parts of the 4 Tatler ' and ' Spectator,' I have 
 never dreamed of copying ; neither will I wilfully imitate 
 the manner of their more serious papers, a manner 
 more polite than honest, in no danger of being ruffled by 
 zeal, or made dogmatic by too strong a conviction or too 
 cogent a reason." 
 
 The second paper is "On Enthusiasm." It justifies 
 the general distaste for so-called " perfect characters," in 
 literature, on the ground that that is no real or human 
 perfection in which " every passion is under the calm and 
 
"THE WOOL-GATHERER." 35 
 
 apathetic sway of reason." Tranquillity is to be obtained 
 " not by moderating all passions ; it is to be sought only 
 by delivering ourselves up to one. There is no garden 
 virtue, which can lie on beds of roses in indolence and 
 security ; but there is a virtue to whose more enraptured 
 gaze the wilderness becomes glad, and the desert blossoms 
 as the rose." 
 
 The next paper, " On Martyrs," is a plea for toleration 
 of free thought and speech, on the highest grounds. " All 
 martyrs ought to be looked upon not as sufferers for this 
 dogma or for that, not as supporters of this religion or the 
 other, but as common sufferers in one and the same cause, 
 that of liberty of opinion and of speech." The writer ex- 
 tols the historic martyrs of England in a strain in which 
 he might be sure of his readers' sympathy. " They fought 
 the good fight. They fought it often blindly, not know- 
 ing the true end of their labours, and little disposed, per- 
 haps, if they had, to contemplate it with pleasure. Still 
 it is to that phalanx of men who in any age, in any coun- 
 try, for any opinion, have braved the cruelty of bigots, 
 that we owe the mental freedom we now enjoy. If there 
 remains anything to perfect it, let us not sleep." When 
 this was written, it appears, a Mr. Taylor had been im- 
 prisoned for attacking Christianity ; and the journals 
 which had condemned the imprisonment had generally 
 done so on the ground that it gave undue conspicuousness 
 and importance to an advocate of contemptible opinions. 
 But the issue involved, says the essayist, is a far more 
 serious matter ; it touches the most important question 
 that can be agitated, namely : Whether men may or may 
 not reason openly against religion. " I would not," he 
 declares, " stop the mouth of the direst ranter who ever 
 dealt damnation to a world of which he knew nothing." 
 
 Another paper is " On Mystics," a name, we are told, 
 coming into frequent use, generally in a vague and often 
 in an opprobrious sense, but which is defined thus : " I 
 
36 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 apprehend that he is strictly a mystic who arrives at any 
 sentiment or belief by any other than those modes of rea- 
 soning common to all mankind. It is not necessary that 
 this belief should be unintelligible, or peculiar to himself ; 
 it is enough that he has reached it by a method which the 
 rest of the world cannot pursue. All inspired people, all 
 who appeal to the influences of some spiritual agent upon 
 their minds, all who discover in their own consciousness 
 what others look in vain for in theirs, however good, how- 
 ever fortunate, however sincere, they may be, are essen- 
 tially mystics. Be it remembered, however, that in attach- 
 ing this name to them I do not charge them with any 
 deception or any error. I imply only by it that with 
 regard to that subject on which their consciousness has 
 been otherwise informed, it is impossible to reason with 
 them ; as impossible as to argue upon external objects 
 with one who should have more senses than five. Our 
 paths cannot be the same, but they will not be very diver- 
 gent ; and wishing each other ' God speed ' we part as did 
 Faithful and Christian, of whom the readers of Buiiyan 
 will remember that the one took the upper road and the 
 other the lower road, but both travelled toward the same 
 point." And with this friendly farewell the author turns 
 to eulogize a work of a widely different school, Shaftes- 
 bury's " Characteristics." He defends Shaftesbury 
 against the censure he has received for applying the term 
 " beauty " to virtue ; and urges that the " good humour " 
 on which he insists in religious discussion describes not a 
 frivolous state of mind, but that composure and benignity 
 which are the most favorable conditions for finding the 
 truth. 
 
 An essay on " Sir Andrew Aguecheek " contains this 
 passage : " To have conceived and portrayed such a char- 
 acter was the highest effect of humour. There was a time 
 when this word seems to have been applied only to a 
 lower species of wit, but lately humour has been allowed to 
 
" THE WOOL-GATHERER." 37 
 
 signify the most refined and delicate perception of all that 
 is grotesque in human nature, and in this sense has been 
 justly considered as the most incontestable privilege of 
 genius. Wit is the sport that an active mind makes with 
 its knowledge; humour is the giving out to others the 
 original impression as made by the object itself. Wit 
 ranges wide, and collects from the most distant quarters ; 
 humour is the result of a more tranquil susceptibility, ' the 
 harvest of a quiet eye.' Wit combines things apparently 
 the most dissimilar ; humour is occupied with things as 
 they are. Wit is the property of the intellect alone ; hu- 
 mour requires as well a high cultivation of the affections. 
 An ordinary person may make an occasional witticism ; a 
 clever one may write a good comic scene ; but to create 
 such a personage as Aguecheek requires, and is the sure 
 test of, the highest qualities of mind." 
 
 The most striking of these papers is one which contains 
 an imaginary letter from Chatterton to his sister, on the 
 evening before his suicide. He bids farewell to her, as he 
 is about to take leave of a world in which he can find 
 nothing to hold him. He tells her that except for the gen- 
 tle affection of a few like her, who have loved him only 
 out of the goodness of their hearts, which did not perceive 
 how poor a thing he is, he has found no ties with his kind. 
 He is bidden to love his fellow-beings, but if he is to in- 
 terpret humanity by the only one he knows, himself, 
 he must find it not lovable, but despicable. " Take it 
 not to heart that a starved and miserable reprobate, who 
 enjoyed neither the pleasures of this world nor the visions 
 of another, who could protect himself neither from the 
 rack of passion nor from the pangs of sense, should quit a 
 life in which he had become utterly incapable of giving 
 or receiving happiness. Some hand, perhaps his own, has 
 mingled a bitter with the waters ; separated again it can- 
 not be ; and to turn from them with disgust, is it not par- 
 donable, is it not wise ? I shall watch through the night 
 
38 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 till the dawn of another day breaks upon me. This intel- 
 lectual being which I have so often execrated grows pre- 
 cious on the eve of its extinction ; as the sun which stood 
 still in heaven that the slaughter of the Amorites might 
 be continued would be beautiful in its setting, even to the 
 remnant of that afflicted host which all day long had 
 cursed its unrelenting light. There seems to be an unus- 
 ual serenity in the night, and the stars shine with a softer 
 and more spiritual lustre. I feel as I gaze upon them 
 how easy it is for men to persuade themselves of the hap- 
 piness of future worlds. Fancies all we know nothing. 
 Why do we dare to hope ? Why do we stoop to fear ? 
 
 ..." I have no aim then what should gladden me ? 
 
 I have no love then wherefore should I live ? 
 I have no visions in eternity, 
 
 And my own soul is dark and fugitive. 
 
 ..." There rests in me no misanthropic gall, 
 
 Nor have I shunned, as some have done, my kind, 
 
 But midst the crowd there was not one of all 
 Who could my struggling, sympathies unbind. 
 
 ..." I blame not them the fault, the guilt is mine, 
 
 My discontent breeds ever from within, 
 And if I now in solitude repine, 
 
 It is that others should not hear the din." 
 
 The series concludes with a paper on " The Present and 
 the Future," of which these sentences indicate the tone : 
 " The great object of man is, or ought to be, the perfec- 
 tion of his moral character ; and although it may be 
 necessary that to be fully convinced of this he should 
 have looked abroad upon the future, yet, the object once 
 recognized, he can only effect it by entrenching himself 
 within the present. . . . Men are taught to expect in 
 some future time, in some distant place, the heaven which 
 they ought to seek now in their own bosoms. . . . Let 
 him limit himself to the hour ; let him live by the day ; 
 let him think honestly and feel honestly now ; and it will 
 
"THE WOOL-GATHERER." 39 
 
 soon come that the morrow will take care for itself. With 
 the philosopher, as with the libertine, the present hour is 
 worth all the rest." 
 
 The impression which these papers would probably 
 make upon one having no knowledge of their author is 
 that of a disciplined maturity. They show a fine but 
 tempered ardor, and a mingled firmness and delicacy in 
 thought and style. In the letter under the name of Chat- 
 terton, skilfully veiled by one and another device of dra- 
 matic construction, the writer was expressing the tragic 
 side of his own life. This was a nature exquisitely attuned 
 to beauty, to harmony, to all finest aspirations and de- 
 sires, but a nature which had not yet found a work to 
 engage its energy, a creed to satisfy its aspirations, or a 
 companionship to fill its heart. He hungered for the so- 
 ciety of a kindred spirit, and such spirits are very rarely 
 to be met. Companionship less perfect and ideal might 
 yet have consoled and strengthened him. But he was 
 perpetually drawn apart from those around him by the 
 fascination of an inward life which they could not share ; 
 and something like over-refinement held him back from 
 the homely contact with men in every-day experiences, 
 through which a robust nature may penetrate to interior 
 wealth and true comradeship. 
 
 But the profound melancholy which is disclosed in this 
 paper should be understood as but one mood or phase of 
 a life which had very different experiences. It was not a 
 miserable, and it was far less a weak, mind that produced 
 these essays, evincing so much of tranquillity, of delight 
 in the sublimities and the humors of the world, of moral 
 soundness and health. Even in the sadness is " Elysian 
 beauty, melancholy grace." He has not come face to face 
 with unveiled Truth, but Truth has breathed into him her 
 own spirit. He has not found the love he craves, but he 
 has grown worthy to be loved. For he has practised well 
 the greatest lesson man can learn the lesson of self- 
 command. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 "WILD OATS A NEW SPECIES." 
 
 AT twenty years of age, the young man had thus 
 showed himself already no mean proficient in the noblest 
 of arts, and his literary success was sufficient to open to 
 him the society of the scholarly and thoughtful, if he chose 
 to enter there. His brother-in-law, Mr. Weigall, says the 
 Memoir, told in after years, what William Smith did not 
 choose to tell for himself, that John Sterling's father, the 
 44 Thunderer " of the " Times," called to congratulate him 
 on the success of his young kinsman, and declared, in his 
 ardent Irish fashion, that " such pure and elegant English 
 had not been written since the days of Addison." He 
 was invited to join the Union Debating Society. " I ac- 
 companied him," Mr. Weigall writes in 1873, "more 
 than once to the Union debates. I remember one occasion 
 especially on which John Stuart Mill was in the chair. 
 There were present on that evening Mr. Roebuck, Mr. H. 
 L. Bulwer (afterwards Lord Bailing), Mr. Romilly (the 
 present Lord), Sir Henry Taylor (author of " Philip Van 
 Artevelde "), and William. ... I never on any other 
 occasion heard such an eloquent debate. William spoke 
 chiefly in reply to Sir H. Taylor very forcibly, but not 
 with his usual gentleness." 
 
 Here, one would have said, were the omens of an active 
 and distinguished career. The young knight had shown 
 his mettle, not only in letters, but in the manly jostle of 
 debate. He had fallen in company with such strong and 
 promising young spirits as Sterling and Maurice and Mill. 
 Equipped with power of thought, of love, of self-control : 
 
"WILD OATS A NEW SPECIES." 41 
 
 having already won a hearing ; with generous companion- 
 ship at his command, what was to hinder his playing a 
 stirring part in the leadership of the time ? 
 
 But he was already under the spell of the enchantress 
 who was to lead him by far different paths from those of 
 stirring leadership. Her name was Solitude. The fasci- 
 nation of his own thoughts perpetually withdrew him from 
 the society of his kind. He was haunted by visions of 
 ideal beauty and questionings about absolute truth. Such 
 themes absorbed and possessed him ; they wrapt him away 
 from that homely and matter-of-fact earth on which men 
 are wont to hold intercourse with each other in striving 
 or serving. To those about him he often seemed like one 
 in a dream ; while to his own consciousness he was living 
 in a world of intense reality, which yet he felt to be set 
 apart by some strange impalpable barrier from the world 
 of visible realities. 
 
 But the life of thought and imagination in the indi- 
 vidual tends to cut its own channel of communication 
 with the actual world. That channel is self-expression in 
 literature. " Every reflective man," says William Smith, 
 " may be set down as at heart an author, whether he has 
 yielded or not to the seductive impulse. Some intention, 
 though it may be most vague and remote, to write 
 mingles itself with the efforts of every man who from 
 reading has been taught to think" 
 
 There are three productions of William Smith's which 
 date from the period between his twentieth and thirtieth 
 years. Of his first prose work " Ernesto : a Philoso- 
 phical Romance," his wife tells us that it was written 
 " much about this time " apparently soon after " The 
 Wool-Gatherer," but was only published in 1835, as the 
 last volume of " The Library of Romance," edited by 
 Leitch Ritchie. It was with some difficulty, she tells us, 
 that she prevailed upon her husband to give her a copy 
 of this early production, " the very story of which he had 
 
42 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 utterly forgotten, and never cared to glance over. Imma- 
 ture he no doubt was right in pronouncing it, but it 
 abounds in thoughtful and eloquent passages. There is 
 in it the promise of ' Thorndale.' ' 
 
 It is not until eight years after " The Wool-Gatherer " 
 that we find, in 1836, a little volume put forth containing 
 two poems. They illustrate what had been the workings 
 of the young man's heart in the intervening time. One 
 of them, entitled " Solitude," is evidently a direct tran- 
 script from experience. Two passages will show its 
 quality : 
 
 Oh, there is rapture in this thoughtful calm ! 
 
 I see the utmost summit of the cliff, 
 
 Lone in the azure an eternal rest ! 
 
 I see the bounding waters at my feet 
 
 To and fro rushing an eternal change ! 
 
 And here am I, a spirit between both, 
 
 Poised with the mountain, with the wave afloat, 
 
 Embracing all things, finding in them all, 
 
 Their rest or motion an eternal peace ! 
 
 . . . Fast fills my heart 
 
 With spirit of benevolence that sheds 
 
 A second dawn of beauty on the world, 
 
 Brightens the sky with benison to man, 
 
 Tempers the wind with charitable thought, 
 
 Yea, in the cloudy chariot of the storm 
 
 Sees a sweet shape, close folded in soft plumes, 
 
 That prompts its thundering speed. Creeps the moist mould 
 
 No living thing so dull, but its dull joy 
 
 Shall be a joy of mine ; walks not in heav'n, 
 
 With step reflected in its golden floor, 
 
 Bright form angelic, but the spirit of love 
 
 Can hither bring me of its happiness. 
 
 Fair, lone acacia, midway down the cliff, 
 
 That on thy platform, like a beauty veiled, 
 
 Stands with droopt head before the azure dome, 
 
 Thus ever stand, thus motionless, and I 
 
 Will share the while thy voiceless piety. 
 
 Ye pair of sea-birds, who with clanging wings 
 
 So neighbourly, have made the general air 
 
"WILD OATS A NEW SPECIES." 43 
 
 A home for only two oh, wheel again 
 Around my head, again your circling flight ! 
 And still as falls that faint and piercing cry, 
 Will I partake the sympathy it speaks. 
 Ye little children, yonder on the beach, 
 Twining with restless arms incessantly 
 Each other's neck glad of one scanty vest 
 To make a cloak for both consulting still 
 How ye may closer sit oh, do not fly 
 Ye little social pair ! but let me here 
 Still see, unseen, and love though not beloved. 
 Ah happy man ! the fisherman at eve 
 Who raising high in air with outstretched arms 
 His laughing burden, shall with kisses snatched 
 From your soft lips his boisterous toil repay ! 
 
 One beating heart ta' en from the hive of life, 
 
 What doth it here ? What fellowship can find 
 
 With nature all-sufficient to herself ? 
 
 Oh, that a human hand a human voice, 
 
 With lightest pressure of my listless palm, 
 
 With simplest utterance in my vacant ear, 
 
 Might stir again to unaccustomed smile 
 
 My solitary features, sunk I feel 
 
 To torpid, slow, and desolate regard ! 
 
 What was my crime ? What horrid guilt was mine, 
 
 That I was banished here ? Unhappy fool ! 
 
 'T was thy own sentence thou thyself wert judge, 
 
 And this thy choice felicity. 
 
 Beauty, melancholy, self -imprisonment, the same note 
 runs through the whole. The other poem, " Guidone," is 
 a drama ; and in the dramatic form, the variety of char- 
 acters, and the action of the story, we see, in contrast with 
 " Solitude," the effort to break away from lonely musing, 
 to mingle with and portray the world's life of action and 
 passion. But the world here mirrored is a very troublous 
 one. Upon the gentle and sensitive spirit which looks out 
 on the fray, it is the terror, the confusion, the tragedy, 
 which makes the deepest impression. Two distinct stories 
 
44 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 are brought together in " Guidone," with little dramatic 
 unity. In the one, a youth is roused from dreamy seclu- 
 sion by a mutual love, which yields him an ecstasy intense 
 but brief, and followed by complication and wreck. With 
 this is coupled an outlaw, in whom wrong - doing has 
 changed the calm ponderings of serene philosophy into 
 visions of terror and emotions of despair, and who at last 
 by an act of forgiveness regains the sense of peace and 
 hope. Of this drama the author says that it was " writ- 
 ten without the most remote reference to the theatre, and 
 that it aims at exhibiting states of mind rather than indi- 
 vidual character, and pretends to no interest of plot or 
 story." It contains many passages which by their beauty 
 tempt to quotation, but the strain of sadness and intro- 
 spection is closely interwoven with the whole. There are 
 phrases and thoughts that sink into the memory. The 
 drama once begun can scarcely be laid down unfinished 
 by any thoughtful reader. The ear and the imagination 
 are charmed, and thought is deeply stirred. The defects 
 of imperfect structure and of excessive melancholy are 
 obvious. Evidently it is the outcome of a nature too 
 deeply self-involved. The mind casts on every object the 
 hues of its own introspection. Lover, outlaw, hermit, 
 each is enmeshed in speculation and self-consciousness. 
 The real earth of action and passion and struggle is seen 
 invested in exaggerated terrors, because the spectator is 
 too much aloof from it to share the throb and glow which 
 to the actors make good the pains. 
 
 This of the book, and what of the writer ? His his- 
 tory at this period can in no way so well be inferred as 
 from a chapter of professed fiction, written some four 
 years after the publication of " Guidone." A reference by 
 his wife to two incidents as autobiographical, and a multi- 
 plicity of internal evidence, show that the paper called 
 " Wild Oats a New Species," in "Blackwood's Maga- 
 zine " for June, 1840, published anonymously, was essen- 
 
"WILD OATS A NEW SPECIES. 1 ' 45 
 
 tially a chapter from William Smith's own experience. Its 
 title alludes to the intellectual vagaries in which a man 
 may waste his youth. Its spirit is somewhat indicated in 
 one of its sentences, referring to " the youth given over to 
 the fascination of verse and the delusion of fame," and the 
 self -portrayal which he may make at a later day. " Some- 
 times a bitter self -derision, that seeks to resent itself on 
 early follies, sometimes a lurking tenderness for past 
 hopes and aspirations, will quicken the pencil ; and a sub- 
 ject contradictory in itself is not unfairly treated in this 
 contradictious humour." Yet the satire which runs through 
 most of the narrative can scarcely be called bitter : it is 
 with a subtle blending of kindness and derision that the 
 man rehearses the experience of his younger days. The 
 words in which he introduces the teller of the story, whom 
 he names Howard, are referred to by his wife as exactly 
 fitting his own character. 
 
 We knew Howard, the subject of the following sketch ; we 
 knew him intimately. He was indeed of a peculiarly open and 
 candid disposition, and at once revealed to you whatever was 
 passing in the innermost recesses of his mind. Yet he was not 
 social in the same degree that he was frank and confiding. 
 When in your company he would let you see, without the least 
 distrust or reserve, the very working of his mind, in all its 
 strength and weakness, and in all that inconsistency of purpose 
 and conclusion which invariably attends upon men of over-quick 
 feelings, and which, for their own credit's sake, they may learn 
 to conceal, but seldom in reality to overmaster or prevent, he 
 would do this naturally, without egotism, and seemingly without 
 designing it ; but though he was thus genial and open in your 
 company, he was not apt to seek your society. He would forget 
 you if you suffered him. 
 
 This man, who has become a successful lawyer, meets a 
 friend of earlier years, and in an after-dinner confab tells 
 his story, a story of which we give the most character- 
 istic passages : 
 
46 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 The wildest rake never spent his energies more wastefully 
 than I have mine ; but if the rake, when reformed, will some- 
 times congratulate himself on that knowledge of the world 
 which his wildness. procured for him, I think that I, with some- 
 what better reason, may console myself for wasted years and 
 miserable hours, by recalling that knowledge of the intellectual 
 life which my own intellectual wanderings have purchased. 
 
 I think when you first knew me, I was the poet of imagi- 
 nation all compact. It was not quite clear to me whether I 
 should rise to great celebrity in my lifetime ; but that I should 
 secure a name with posterity, even now I blush at the recollec- 
 tion, I had no doubt whatever. . . . 
 
 The young poet, amidst all his high and generous emotions, 
 and he is always generous to a folly, is in many respects obnox- 
 ious to ridicule ; and, what is worse, his quick sensibility makes 
 him feel that he is so. An extreme sensitiveness, incompatible 
 with a free and open intercourse with society, and which shrinks 
 from that rude but wholesome rivalry which in the arena of life 
 everywhere encounters us ; this, and an intense anxiety after a 
 species of renown the most precarious and most disputable, 
 present to us a character which, whatever points of interest it 
 may reveal, is surely the most uneasy and discomfortable that 
 ever mortal was called upon to sustain. ... It is his aim and 
 his nature to cultivate a delicacy of feeling and a curious re- 
 finement of expression, which, though pleasing infinitely to him- 
 self, and in certain moods, and in less measure, to others also, 
 yet oftentimes will sound very simple, strange, or extravagant 
 when uttered aloud, man to man, in the broad light, and amidst 
 the stir of this busy and hard-working world. He finds, as 
 one of the tribe has told us, he finds his muse to be "in crowds 
 his shame, in solitude his boast." From crowds he therefore re- 
 coils, to solitude he flies. Amidst the ordinary transactions of 
 life, in all that men call business, he feels himself an utter 
 stranger, nerveless, helpless, with a painful repugnance to 
 take his share in anything that bears the appearance of strug- 
 gle or collision, which is quite inexplicable to persons of robust 
 and vigorous understandings. Lulled by the music of his verse, 
 he loses, he foregoes all active, energetic purpose. He can only 
 think, and feel, and write. 
 
"WILD OATS A NEW SPECIES: 1 47 
 
 Such a one was I. How vivid to my memory at this mo- 
 ment are those moody walks along green lanes which I used 
 daily to take, courting as much of solitude as a residence in the 
 neighbourhood of London could afford. With eyes directed to 
 the ground, I paced slowly along, or else stopping before the 
 hedge or the green bank, to observe some insect or the leaves of 
 a plant, my thoughts would become implicated in the poetic 
 theme on which I was engaged, and there I would stand, forget- 
 ful of all else, till I had fitted together to my satisfaction the 
 words of some intractable verse. This done, I would start off 
 with sudden alacrity ; at such moments I would snap my fingers 
 at the world as one who had found a treasure. . . . 
 
 The fulness of time came, and my poem was published 
 well thou knowest with what startling effect upon the world. 
 Not a single copy sold ! It was duly advertised, and editors 
 were favoured with its perusal gratuitously. Not a single word 
 was written on it, good or bad ! One does not quite suddenly 
 give up the idea that one is a poet and has a genius ; but this 
 experiment was so very satisfactory that at the end of a few 
 months I had resigned forever this very glorious and most la- 
 mentable delusion. I took a solemn farewell to poetry. Look- 
 ing over my remaining manuscripts, I selected a few fragments, 
 which still retained some merit in the eyes of their author; 
 these, which consisted of mere scraps of loose paper, I placed 
 within the leaves of a copy of the printed poem ; the rest I con- 
 sumed. The volume, thus additionally enriched for oblivion, I 
 folded up in parchment, sealed, and deposited in an iron chest, 
 where our family papers were kept. The whole of the impres- 
 sion besides, amounting to between two and three hundred vol- 
 umes, I ordered home from the publisher. Going into the gar- 
 den, I dug with my own hands a profound pit, and there I laid 
 the new uncut volumes, arranging them in even piles just as 
 regularly as they would have stood on a bookseller's counter. 
 Then, with most vigorous handling of the spade, I shovelled in 
 the damp earth, and pressed it hard upon them. Thus I buried 
 my poetic offspring, and turned again towards the world to seek 
 what now it had to offer me. 
 
 Nor did any one ever turn from a grave in sadder or more 
 desolate condition than I from this mock burial. . . . Some 
 
48 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 intention, though it may be most vague and remote, to write, 
 mingles itself with the efforts of every man who from reading 
 has been taught to think. For my own part, I found that in 
 resigning all aim of authorship, I had resigned half the luxury 
 of thought. I found to my cost, how intimately the pleasure or 
 purpose of literary enterprise had combined with my most soli- 
 tary cogitations. I could still enjoy, I said to myself, those sen- 
 timents of which I wrote, without telling them to the world. 
 Alas ! when I reverted to them again, I was returning to a 
 country which had been laid waste in my absence. The fleet- 
 ing thought, why should I arrest or retain it ? I had no longer 
 to make it permanent in my verse. Every mood of my mind, 
 every feeling, seemed now indeed smit with transiency, and to 
 rush past into sudden oblivion the record of my life was no 
 longer to be kept the light and shifting sand would not bear 
 my footmark henceforth I should be, at each moment of my 
 existence, as if I had never been till then. . . . 
 
 You came upon me again about two years after, and you 
 found me immersed in the profundities of philosophy. From 
 poetry to metaphysics seems a great stride. But in reality it is 
 not so. We are led into metaphysical lucubrations by those 
 problems of thought which are most exciting of all, and most 
 likely to attract the poetic temperament, the mysterious ques- 
 tions of free-will and fate, of immortality and the divine nature. 
 These directly conduct us unto what, without this connection, 
 would indeed be a scene of more weariness and vexation. For 
 myself, I seemed to have left the shore, and all sight of shore, 
 and in some little cock-boat to be rising and falling amidst 
 swelling waves, which hid all prospect except their own change- 
 ful and yet monotonous forms. Instead of labouring within a 
 definite circle of thoughts, where not only some intelligible ideas 
 can be mastered, but where knowledge is felt to be a sort of 
 wealth, a possession for which men respect you, I had launched 
 forth, regardless of every personal consideration of whatever de- 
 scription, and thrown my spirit loose and self-abandoned on a 
 vast sea of subject, which I had no visual power to embrace or 
 to overlook. Nor was this sort of philosophy enough, it seemed, 
 to perplex and confound ; but theories of society, and Utopian 
 
"WILD OATS A NEW SPECIES." 49 
 
 projects for the reconstruction of the world on an altogether 
 better plan, were added to my labours 
 
 These modes of thought, on the one hand, this obstinate in- 
 quiry into the incomprehensible, into mysteries which lie without 
 the circle of nature, this constant peering over the boundary ' 
 wall of our mundane habitation into the eternal stillness be- 
 yond ; and, on the other, this painful search, almost equally 
 vain, after a given possible condition of human society which 
 shall solve the problem that lies between man's existence and 
 God's benevolence have their use, I doubt not, and a noble 
 use ; but it is very easy to have more of them than enough. . . . 
 I seemed separated from the world of action by a magic circle 
 which I could not overpass. However, though I could not 
 break the circle, I, by dint of thinking, raised myself higher in 
 it. I attained a certain calm position, whence I could at all 
 events survey the world with equanimity. I by degrees inured 
 myself to the dubiety and indifference of philosophy, and en- 
 deavoured to satisfy the propensity for something more genial 
 and distinct, by a very cordial sympathy with all good senti- 
 ments and good faiths as they exist in other men. 
 
 I used to boast that, while I could analyze with the most 
 severe anatomist of thought, I could also re-combine, nor had 
 forgotten how to admire the revived compound ; and that the 
 very habit of penetrating into the secret operations of the mind 
 taught me to enter with full and unembarrassed sympathy into 
 all its boldest flights, into all the daring dreams and faiths of 
 humanity. I knew well what the imagination was, and re- 
 spected it ; I knew well that middle region of the air, neither 
 earth nor heaven, where the meteors form and play, meteors 
 which are still to be admired, though neither credited nor 
 feared. Sentiments the most dreamy, thoughts the most va- 
 grant, feelings the wildest and most conflicting, I knew them 
 all, could claim or dismiss them at will. Whether it were that 
 lucid enthusiasm of a lettered imagination, whereby we partake 
 of the rapture of strong feelings, though our own lives are calm 
 and serene ; or whether it were the solemn mood, speculative or 
 religious, chanting hope or a dirge over the human race, I could 
 feel it all, respect, and participate. And thus I walked along 
 the level line of reason, yet not above humanity. . . . 
 
50 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 At some such explosion as this it was that you most irrever- 
 ently burst into a fit of laughter. Then, suddenly checking 
 your mirth, you very gravely said, shaking that long head of 
 thine, " This won't do, Howard. This is worse than ever. 
 When you were riding your hobby, though it were ever so cursed 
 a one, though it were even of Pegasian breed, you made some 
 way, or at all events had a way you wished to go ; but now that 
 you have not even got a hobby to mount, I cannot tell what is to 
 become of you. Have you really no better stuff to make a life 
 of than this super-refinement of philosophy ? Do you expect to 
 remain ' there standing where we cannot soar,' merely looking 
 on, just thinking of us all, or rather viewing all things as they 
 are reflected in a sort of mirror which you have fixed up for 
 yourself on that serene altitude ? God help thee ! I say." 
 
 Even you, when you uttered these ill bodings, had little ex- 
 pectation how soon they were to be justified, or by how slight 
 and gentle a hand I was to be dashed from my elevation. 
 There came to visit us the daughter of an old friend of the 
 family, a captain who had retired into Devonshire to make 
 his half-pay extend over the expenses of the whole year. She 
 was neither the most beautiful, nor the most witty, nor the most 
 accomplished of her sex ; but she was wonderfully pleasing, con- 
 stantly cheerful and amiable, with a genuine frankness of man- 
 ner quite delightful. I suppose that, in my conversations with 
 Juliana, which grew to be frequent enough, it was I who bore 
 the chief part, yet it seemed to me that from her alone all the 
 conversation really sprung. Had I been asked, I should have 
 attributed all the merit, if merit of any kind there was, all that 
 was curious or refined in our dialogue, all its mirth and pleas- 
 antry and feeling, entirely to her. 
 
 The period of her visit flew like magic. She returned 
 home. The day of her departure passed long and heavily. I 
 smiled at myself, and anticipated forgetfulness and tranquillity 
 on the morrow. The morrow came, and the day after, but they 
 brought neither forgetfulness nor tranquillity, but many new 
 trains of thought, simple enough, yet disquieting in the extreme. 
 If to love it is necessary to believe all beauty and all amiability 
 centred in one woman, I was certainly not in that predicament. 
 But the charming social intercourse which had been suddenly 
 
"WILD OATS A NEW SPECIES." 51 
 
 broken up had made a revelation to me of what existed in my 
 own heart, which it seemed impossible again to forget. I could 
 not follow her. I could not marry. For* the first time in my 
 life I knew that I was poor. 
 
 And now there rushed upon me at once, as if up to that 
 moment I had been stone-blind, the vision of the real world. I 
 saw it as it stood in relation to me. I stood face to face with it. 
 
 God ! how I felt the utter loneliness of that moment ! I had 
 spent my days in weaving a miserable screen-work between me 
 and the sole happiness of life. I had forfeited, I had thrown 
 away, I had lost forever, that only boon which seemed to justify 
 the providence of God in the creation of this world. You, my 
 friend, came upon me in the height of this despair. You found 
 me sitting alone in my study. You remember the scene that 
 followed. I cannot recur to it. I have felt a pleasure in re- 
 calling the past wanderings of my spirit ; but those moments of 
 passion I cannot dwell upon. You know how bitterly I railed, 
 scoffed, jeered at myself, and at every employment that had 
 ever engrossed me. I had found in philosophy no faith, in the 
 world no path of duty ; in my heart I had found affections, and 
 these were to be utterly crushed. I had somewhere read, I 
 think in one of the novels of Goethe, of a melancholy man, who, 
 finding his thoughts run much and incontrollably upon self-de- 
 struction, procured a dagger, and whenever the black hour of 
 his melancholy recurred, the production of the keen and polished 
 instrument, the handling of it, and the consciousness that if he 
 pleased he might, used to calm the fever of his thoughts. A 
 vague idea that either in this way or another, I might find a 
 remedy in such an instrument, induced me to procure one, and 
 
 1 had deposited it in my writing-desk. As I chafed myself 
 with bitter and miserable talk, I suddenly snatched it from its 
 hiding-place, and dashed the blade against my heart. It would 
 have been driven to the hilt, but that you rushed forward and 
 struck it from my hand. Can either of us ever forget that mo- 
 ment when we both looked upon the dagger as it lay upon the 
 floor? 
 
 Doggedly, sullenly, but without a relapse, I have since 
 laboured at the profession in which you find me. You may per- 
 ceive that my labours have not been without recompense. But 
 
52 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 this is not half my reward. Severe and steady occupation has 
 brought with it an equanimity of mind which I need not tell you 
 is more precious than wealth. My friend, the wine stays with 
 you. 
 
 With a few omissions and changes, we may undoubt- 
 edly in this story substitute for the imaginary Howard the 
 real William Smith. The unsuccessful books were buried 
 just as is here related. It may fairly be presumed that 
 there did succeed a period in which meditation ran its own 
 unchecked course, with little or no attempt at literary ex- 
 pression. The duration of this period can only be guessed. 
 " Guidone " and " Solitude " were published in 1836 ; and 
 in 1839 we find their author engaged with some regularity 
 in literary work and living in a circle of friends. To the 
 intervening time we may refer the experience indicated in 
 "Wild Oats." For the light, not unkindly satire with 
 which he touches on his own fruitless ponderings, an im- 
 partial historian might substitute a very different tone. 
 Inconclusive the thought may well be which essays these 
 loftiest themes, of the nature of the universe and the des- 
 tiny of mankind, inconclusive, yet not the less noble 
 and enriching. The sympathy with all the various moods 
 of the intellect, it is not the quality which builds rail- 
 roads, or wins proselytes, or guides a parliament, but it is 
 a generous and lofty disposition. 
 
 Yet the satire has a basis of truth. The attempt of a 
 human life to support itself wholly in the region of ab- 
 stractions is as hopeless as for a bird to try to live al- 
 ways on the wing. And in this case, the fall to earth, 
 the bruising contact with actualities, came in just the 
 way related. Many years afterward, to the happy be- 
 trothed whose love had made good all previous loss, the 
 story was told, as it is outlined in the tale, of an attrac- 
 tive woman who awoke in him a regard, which was 
 checked at the outset by the consciousness of the poverty 
 to which his unpractical life had consigned him. The pas- 
 sion does not seem to have been a deep one, but its frus- 
 
"WILD OATS A NEW SPECIES." 53 
 
 tration had to him a wide significance ; it came as a most 
 poignant reminder of the intense, unquenchable yearning 
 of his human nature for close human affection, which all 
 his wanderings in the ideal world had left unsatisfied. The 
 revulsion and despair may have taken no such extreme 
 form as the attempt at suicide portrays, yet may have 
 been hardly less profound. The worldly success which 
 Howard afterward wins is far from a representation of 
 anything that came to William Smith. But the brief 
 sentence which tells of " equanimity of mind " acquired 
 hints at the truth. It is characteristic of the writer that 
 even in the disguise of fiction he makes no appeal to ad- 
 miration and little even to pity. So much of his story as 
 was fair theme for satire, and perhaps for warning, he 
 would give and no more. Only at the catastrophe of 
 the poem's failure, and again at the final climax, the easy 
 self-command and self -derision passes for a moment into 
 profound pathos. The power to tell the story in such a 
 vein of composure best marks the self-conquest that had 
 followed. 
 
 But in actual life the conflicting elements which strive 
 for mastery in a soul rarely work out a stable equilib- 
 rium in a single encounter. Not in one battle, nor in one 
 campaign, does even the victorious man conquer a lasting 
 peace. When we read in the Epistle to the Romans of 
 man's struggle with sin, emerging in the triumphant cry, 
 " I thank God through Jesus Christ our Lord ! " we 
 may be pretty sure that as a personal experience some- 
 thing like this happened to Paul, not once, but many 
 times, after he wrote the Epistle as well as before. There 
 may be one critical fight which is a turning-point in the 
 war, or there may be several, but the enemy never capit- 
 ulates. 
 
 To William Smith, meditation was always an enchant- 
 ress, but her spell was in part a rightful one. His task 
 was to keep her in place as friend, as helper, as queen 
 even, but not to let her enslave him. 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 WORK AND ASSOCIATES. 
 
 THE story of the next few years is now to be told by 
 the wife. For a true view of his character, her descrip- 
 tion is the fit supplement to such self-disclosure as our 
 last chapter contains. Self-portraiture is always incom- 
 plete. A man can tell his own thoughts and feelings bet- 
 ter than any one else, but a further and essential measure 
 of his character is the impression he makes on others. 
 
 The reader will have felt a note of sadness predominat- 
 ing in the self -disclosure. He will recognize as the prom- 
 inent feature in the wife's portrayal the beauty and charm 
 of character. The two aspects are to be accepted, not 
 only as equally real, but as helping to interpret each 
 other. He locked up the sadness in his Own heart ; no 
 gloom, no shadow was cast by it upon the lives around 
 him ; the only expression it found was in the hue it lent 
 to his writings, where it was ennobled by association with 
 lofty thought. That gracious and winning aspect which 
 he wore not only to his devoted wife, but in a degree to all 
 who knew him, including natures as masculine and ro- 
 bust as Lewes and Sterling, derived its sweetness in 
 part from the firm self-control with which his melancholy 
 was held shut in his own breast. There is no finer chem- 
 istry than that by which the element of suffering is so 
 compounded with spiritual forces that it issues to the 
 world as gentleness and strength. 
 
 Of the events which the wife's pen now traces, it may 
 summarily be said that in them we see the man getting 
 gradual and sure hold of his proper work. He was born 
 
WORK AND ASSOCIATES. 55 
 
 to think and write ; and now, his writing in the field of 
 poetry and romance having met with no extended success 
 or encouragement, he learns by degrees what wares he 
 can supply that the market calls for. He finds a channel 
 for his work in the great periodicals, and less in original 
 creation than in reviewing the work of others, a func- 
 tion for which he is admirably fitted. At the same time 
 he has so honestly and thoroughly mastered the theory of 
 his nominal profession, the law, that, though accomplish- 
 ing nothing whatever in its actual practice, he can give 
 clear and effectual exposition to the new applications of 
 its principles which society needs. And meantime we see 
 him cultivating a cordial fellowship with men of generous 
 tastes and various pursuits, while he has no small share 
 of domestic happiness. The dreaming poet depicted in 
 " Wild Oats " has schooled himself to play well his part 
 as a man among men. 
 
 Thus, then, runs the wife's story : 
 
 (from the Memoir.) 
 
 In 1836 and 1837 my husband wrote several articles 
 for the " Quarterly Review," in reference to which I find 
 some notes from Lockhart, at that time its editor. These, 
 and a few other letters that I shall presently refer to, had 
 been put aside by William long years ago, and first came 
 to sight again after our marriage, when a box of stored- 
 away books was sent to him at Brighton. I remember 
 well that his first impulse was to destroy these letters, but 
 I pleaded for their preservation, and they were therefore 
 consigned to another stationary and seldom-opened box, 
 and thus escaped the doom of every justly appreciating 
 written tribute paid him in later years the flames. I 
 can recall a note from Mr. J. S. Mill, in the autumn of 
 1865, alluding in his large-hearted generous way to certain 
 lectures William had delivered at Kensington more than 
 twenty years before (lectures of which I had heard him 
 
56 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 make a casual and disparaging mention), and that note 
 I meant to abstract and preserve ; but when I rummaged 
 my husband's little desk, which always stood open to my 
 inspection, I could not find it ; the note had been burnt ! 
 But to return to the " Quarterly." It appears that Mr. 
 Lockhart did not wish it to transpire that William Smith's 
 articles were those of a young and unknown writer. In one 
 of the notes I find, " I have heard nothing but good of 
 your paper on Landor, and I am sure it has told tenfold 
 the more from no one knowing as yet where it came from. 
 Be it so with Mr. Bulwer. You will lose nothing in the 
 issue." Never surely did editor find a contributor more 
 conveniently willing to suppress himself ! Two of these 
 articles were on legal subjects, one on Sir Harris Nic- 
 olas, a kind friend of my husband's, at whose house he 
 was in the habit of meeting interesting society, one was 
 on Modern Science, and the remaining two on Landor 
 and Bulwer. 
 
 I wish I could more distinctly trace William Smith's 
 legal experiences. I know that he studied every branch 
 of law that a solicitor can practice, before he began to 
 read for the bar with a Mr. Brodie. I think that it must 
 have been in 1838 that he was called to the bar at the 
 Middle Temple. Although I have spoken of office routine 
 as irksome to him, yet in the history and philosophy of 
 jurisprudence he always found vivid interest, and would 
 recommend the study as eminently favorable to the best 
 development of the mind. Certainly he never regretted 
 in later years having undergone this legal training. 
 Perhaps he owed to it the rare tempering of lively imag- 
 ination by shrewdest common sense, of quick feeling by 
 dispassionate judgment. But in his early days the bias 
 towards a life devoted to poetry and abstract thought was 
 too strong to be resisted without suffering, and the com- 
 bining professional study with literary pursuits must have 
 been a strain upon a frame that was never a strong one. 
 
WORK AND ASSOCIATES. 57 
 
 On no point was his counsel to the young more strenuous 
 than in regard to the dangers of such divided allegiance. 
 Here are some words of his on the subject : " It is a 
 piece of advice we would give to every man, but especially 
 to the student, Harmonize your labours. If ambition 
 prompt you to mingle two conflicting studies that will not 
 accord, that breed perpetual civil war in the mind, we 
 charge you to fling away ambition. If the higher and 
 more beloved study be it science, or poetry, or philos- 
 ophy will not yield, then choose at once for it and pov- 
 erty, if such must be the alternative. Better anything 
 than a ruined, disordered mind ; or, if you prefer the ex- 
 pression, than a confirmed cerebral disease." We shall 
 find the writer of this passage making such decided 
 choice by and by. But the time had not yet come. 
 
 In 1839 William Smith published "A Discourse on 
 Ethics of the School of Paley." ... It was also in 1839 
 that my husband, having been introduced by Mr. Warren 
 to the Messrs. Blackwood, wrote his first article, entitled 
 " A Prosing on Poetry," for their magazine. Thus began 
 a much valued connection, that endured to the end of his 
 life, and an uninterrupted friendship. His contributions 
 were very varied tales, adaptations from foreign litera- 
 ture, at first intermingled with reviews. Later the articles 
 became more exclusively critical and devoted to philosoph- 
 ical subjects. I have the whole series, bound up in eight 
 volumes, containing a hundred and twenty papers, not one 
 of them hastily or carelessly written, not one that does not 
 contain unbiassed criticism and earnest thought. I often 
 look at the volumes regretfully; so much wisdom and 
 charm of style seem buried there forgotten ! But I can- 
 not doubt that these contributions did good work in their 
 day, enlarged and enriched many a kindred mind, woke 
 inquiry and diffused toleration. Some years ago Mr. 
 Blackwood proposed to reprint a selection from them, but 
 my husband declined; and though he still would from 
 
58 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 habit tear out and lay aside his articles, I found written 
 on a paper that contained all these of later date, " To be 
 burnt when " In that one instance I could not 
 obey him. 
 
 In 1840 William Smith published a pamphlet on " Law 
 Reform," written in his own easy, lucid style, " for the 
 general reader," and calling not only for certain changes 
 that have since taken place, but for several now under 
 consideration. 
 
 I think that about this time my husband's life must 
 have been peculiarly pleasant. He was still living with 
 the mother who so loved him, and whom he so loved ; 
 there were cheerful homes of married brothers and sisters, 
 where he was always eagerly welcomed, depended upon 
 on social occasions to make the " party go off well " by 
 his bright talk and smile, and he had besides his own 
 circle of personal friends, amongst whom I may name 
 George Henry Lewes, Samuel Warren, the author of 
 " The Correlation of Physical Forces " (now Mr. Justice 
 Grove), Frederick Denison Maurice, and John Sterling. 
 I have before alluded to his habit of underestimating 
 perhaps I should rather say his inability to realize the 
 amount of the regard he inspired. Hence, while delight- 
 ing to enlarge upon the special merits of more successful 
 men, he would touch very lightly upon his own inter- 
 course with them. But from other sources I know some- 
 thing of the charm they found in his society, and the re- 
 gret with which they lost sight of him ; and I shall here 
 copy a letter of Sterling's, the man of all others, I have 
 heard my husband say, whom he could have best loved, 
 both because it is interesting in itself, and proves the 
 value Sterling set upon his friend : 
 
 CLIFTON, January 6, 1840. 
 
 MY DEAR SMITH, I have very little time for writing 
 any but the most indispensable letters before I leave England. 
 Yours, however, is too kind, and gave me too much unexpected 
 
WORK AND ASSOCIATES. , 59 
 
 pleasure, to be left unacknowledged. I attach little value to the 
 contents of my volume as poems ; but had my judgment of them 
 been different, no corroboration of it from others could give me 
 the kind of gratification which I derive from finding that you 
 sometimes think of me, and return so cordially the regard which 
 I must always feel for you. The future is with me still more 
 uncertain than with most people, but if any among the strange 
 chances of life should bring us within reach of each other, I 
 should consider it a more unalloyed advantage and pleasure than 
 most of those which life affords. As to the professorship, my 
 suggestion in answer to Mill's inquiry whether I knew of a fit- 
 ting person would have been the same had I known of you only 
 what I have read in your writings. There was at that time 
 some reason to imagine the stars might be turned from their 
 courses for once, and the Glasgow professors from jobbing. It 
 would have been, of course, very pleasant to see you in your 
 right place, and I still trust that some opportunity may arise of 
 having you established as a public teacher. 
 
 I should be very glad to know something of what you are 
 about, and also to have some accounts of Theyre and of Wei- 
 gall, to both of whom pray remember me warmly. I leave 
 this on Friday for Falmouth, whence I am to embark for Ma- 
 deira. I have had a long and severe illness, and at one time 
 seemed hardly likely to recover. It is still very doubtful 
 whether I can face another English winter, and I may very pos- 
 sibly be afloat again on this yeasty world, with a wife and 
 four children to lighten my movements. At all events I shall 
 be always Affectionately yours, 
 
 JOHN STERLING. 
 
 In connection with this faint hope of a Glasgow chair, 
 to which the letter alludes, I find two notes of Mr. J. S. 
 Mill's, full of friendly cooperation and interest ; but 
 highly as my husband esteemed the post of Professor of 
 Moral Philosophy in a Scotch University, I am sure that 
 the whole scheme arose entirely from the zeal of a few 
 friends, and that its impracticability gave him no sense of 
 disappointment. I never heard him dwell upon it. 
 
60 x WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 Mr. Lewes has sent me his reminiscences of his friend, 
 which I gratefully transcribe here, though they refer to a 
 somewhat later period. 
 
 It was, I think, early in the year 1842, that I first made the 
 acquaintance of William Smith, an acquaintance that very rap- 
 idly grew into a friendship over which no cloud ever crossed. 
 Our ways of life separated us, and we saw but little of each 
 other during the last twenty years, but the separation was of 
 bodies only, not of minds. He was at first what I knew him at 
 last, one of the few men deservedly called distinguished, a gen- 
 uine and individual nature not in any degree factitious or com- 
 monplace. He was himself, and all his sentiments and opinions 
 were his own, not echoes or compromises. In spite of his shy- 
 ness there was an affectionate expansiveness in his manner which 
 irresistibly attracted me, and although I always spoke of him as 
 ** Little Smith," the epithet, absurd enough coming from one no 
 bigger than himself, only expressed the sort of tender feeling 
 one has for a woman. So far from its implying any assumption 
 of superiority, I regarded him not only as my elder, but in many 
 respects my superior; and in the height of our discussions, 
 which were incessant, my antagonism was always tempered by 
 that veneration which one irresistibly feels in presence of a gen- 
 uine nature. It was this genuineness and his keen, flexible sym- 
 pathy which formed the great charm of his society. One felt 
 thoroughly at home with him at once. 
 
 At that time he had lodgings in Pembroke Square, Kensing- 
 ton. [This was after his mother's death.] I lived in the same 
 square, so that we saw each other frequently ; though it was I 
 who mostly had to pay the visit, his reserve making him less 
 willing to come in to me. He led a lonely, uncomfortable life, 
 as such a man in lodgings inevitably must, unless he goes into 
 society. I used to preach to him against his waste of time in 
 desultory study, and his injudicious arrangements of the hours 
 of work. In vain. Like most literary men, he had a prejudice 
 in favour of night work, and would fritter away the precious 
 hours of morning, taking little exercise, and less relaxation. I 
 used to tell him that marriage was the only safety for him, 
 uml so it proved. So affectionate a nature could not be content 
 vith studv and work ; the heart claimed its own. 
 
WORK AND ASSOCIATES. 61 
 
 There was another point on which I used to preach with 
 equal unsuccess the waste of his fine mind in metaphysical 
 research. This was a standing subject of controversy. His pro- 
 found seriousness and restless desire to get to the bottom of 
 every subject made him cling pertinaciously to even the faintest 
 hope of a possible answer to those questions which for centuries 
 have vexed speculative minds, and no failure could discourage 
 him. 
 
 We were always battling, yet never once did we get even near 
 a quarrel. On many points wide as the poles asunder, we man- 
 aged to mangle each other's arguments without insult, and 
 whenever opposition seemed verging towards the excitation of 
 temper, some playful remark or wild paradox of retort was ready 
 to clear the air with laughter. In this way we " travelled over 
 each other's minds," and travelled over the universe. On mat- 
 ters of poetry and criticism we were more at one; but even 
 there, precisely because Smith had his own views, his own mode 
 of looking at things, there was an endless charm in listening to 
 him and differing from him. Till deep into the night we would 
 sit " talking of lovely things that conquer death ; " and I seem 
 now to see the sweet smile and lustrous eye fixed on me, and 
 hear his pleasant voice playfully uttering some fine truth. One 
 of the noticeable points in him was the lambent playfulness, 
 combined with great seriousness, the subtle humour and the 
 subtle thought, which gave a new aspect to old opinions, so that 
 we may say of him what Goethe says of Schiller, that 
 
 " Hinter ihm, im wesenlosen Scheme, 
 Lag, was uns Alle baudigt das Gemeine." 
 
CHAPTER VII. 
 
 COUNTER-CURRENTS. 
 
 WE have followed far on the track of the man's life ; 
 we have seen him with the eyes of his associates, of him- 
 self, and of the wife of later years; and yet we have 
 not faced, except in glimpses, the field of his deepest en- 
 ergies, or the truest manifestation of his character. For 
 that, we must consider the religious problem of the age, 
 as he met it and as his contemporaries met it. 
 
 The effort of the religious mind has always been to dis- 
 cern a relation between the human soul and the power 
 which governs the universe ; a relation which shall guide 
 man's action, shall support him under all calamities and 
 fears, and shall justify a perfect trust and hope. Chris- 
 tianity in its own way affirmed such a relation. The 
 stumbling-block which in our age the religious mind has 
 found in Christianity was, in the first instance, that the 
 divine government of human destiny which it presented 
 appeared in one respect unjust and inhuman. William 
 Smith has set forth his own early experience, under the 
 guise of Cyril's revolt against the doctrine of eternal pun- 
 ishment. In a word : " A government of mankind unjust 
 and inhuman therefore uuworshipful therefore in- 
 credible ! " 
 
 The dogma of eternal perdition had not been inconsist- 
 ent with the general sentiment and practice of Europe in 
 earlier times. The right of every human being to life, 
 liberty, and the pursuit of happiness may in our day be 
 an axiom ; to the mediaeval world it would have been a 
 paradox. Through the laws and manners of those centu- 
 
COUNTER- CURRENTS. 63 
 
 ries there runs a deep vein of savagery. Into the lineage 
 of Christendom, the Jew brought a full share of " Asia's 
 rancor ; " the Roman after an insurrection lined his high- 
 ways with crucified slaves; the Northern people were a 
 fierce, fighting stock. The mild genius of early Chris- 
 tianity, fusing with such elements, in a degree softened 
 them, and in a degree received their impress. The practi- 
 cal attitude of society toward the heretic, the criminal, 
 and the infidel was such as accorded not ill with the be- 
 lief that Divine Justice assigned a part of its erring 
 creatures to hopeless ruin. But, in the new growth of 
 society, man had now come to feel more tenderly to his 
 fellows, and also to think more highly of himself as man. 
 Christianity itself, in its best phases, had toiled with a 
 new ardor of compassion for the unfortunate classes. 
 While the philosophers of the eighteenth century taught 
 man to think of himself as something better than a guilty 
 worm, while Rousseau gave expression to a great impulse 
 of universal brotherhood, it was also largely due to 
 churchmen like the Wesleys and John Howard, and to 
 the reformers of English jurisprudence, that Englishmen 
 were coming to feel that the wicked and the degraded 
 ought to be saved rather than to be cursed by their fel- 
 low-men. By their fellow-men then why not by their 
 Maker ? That was the startling question with which prac- 
 tical Christianity turned back on theoretical Christianity. 
 On just this ground the father of John Stuart Mill broke 
 away from Christianity altogether ; to him and to his 
 greater son, " the omnipotent author of hell " was incred- 
 ible, impossible. So for many others the whole fabric of 
 Christianity went down because of this terrible dogma. 
 
 " But why reject the whole ? Why give up a historical 
 revelation of God to man, the divine Christ, the faith 
 and aspiration ripened by eighteen hundred years, be- 
 cause some elements of superstition and horror have min- 
 gled with it, and ought now to be abandoned ? " So felt 
 
6 WILL/AM SMITH. 
 
 and reasoned those men, at once reverent and progressive, 
 who remained within the Christian church, and, against 
 the inertia or hostility of its blindly conservative elements, 
 introduced gradually a more humane and rational teach- 
 ing. And far more extensive than any explicit renuncia- 
 tion of the dogma of hopeless perdition has been its fad- 
 ing into dimness and unreality in most of those who still 
 think they believe it. 
 
 But for another class of minds, the first difficulty, a 
 moral difficulty, led the way to another, an intellectual 
 difficulty. Impelled to reject one article of the church's 
 creed, they were forced upon the inquiry, On what au- 
 thority does this entire creed rest ? Modify this body of 
 doctrine if you will ; make its assertions conform to our 
 highest ideals and aspirations ; enthrone pure justice and 
 benevolence over the universe ; but, after all, be the creed 
 made ever so beautiful and attractive, how do we know 
 that it is true? What foundation of known fact sup- 
 ports it ? 
 
 The old answer had been, " The church declares it." 
 The mystic, infallible authority of the church has been 
 asserted with so potent an appeal to the imagination and 
 to religious sentiment, that even in our own day a few of 
 the finest minds and an army of the less intelligent re- 
 spond to it. But the sturdier intellect of Europe has 
 long since concluded that Leo Tenth had no access to the 
 divine counsels beyond what Luther had ; that neither 
 baptismal water nor consecrating oil nor papal tiara gives 
 any initiation into mysteries hid from common eyes. 
 But though there be no infallibility of popes or councils, 
 yet in the Bible Protestants still hold we have an infalli- 
 ble book, or, at the least, a trustworthy historical account 
 of a direct revelation made by God to man, consummated 
 in the divine life and teaching of Christ. And on this 
 Protestantism planted itself. 
 
 Now, while these ecclesiastical controversies have been 
 
COUNTER-CURRENTS. 65 
 
 in progress, for some three centuries past another kind of 
 inquiry has been going on. Man has been engaged, with 
 immense interest and growing success, in finding out by 
 actual, close scrutiny, what kind of a world he is living in, 
 what the generations before him were, what his body is, 
 and in fine, what he is himself. For a long while the 
 church had undertaken to tell him all it was necessary to 
 know about these things. "The church," well, after 
 all it appeared that the church was simply a company of 
 his fellow-men. Certainly they could not tell him all he 
 wanted to know; assuredly this company of his fellows 
 should no longer forbid him to use his eyes and his 
 mind for such knowledge as lay in them to acquire ! The 
 Catholic Church was very confident that it knew all about 
 God and the unseen and future worlds ; the church's re- 
 volted daughters, too, the Protestant sects, were well as- 
 sured on these themes. So be it, then ; let churchmen of 
 all shades hold their knowledge or belief about God and 
 heaven and hell ; very likely they may be right. But here 
 meanwhile is this seen and present world, with its rocks 
 and plants and animals and human creatures, and its 
 stars above ; let us find out all we can about these ! Un- 
 der this impulse has grown all that wonderful knowledge 
 of which we speak as science. 
 
 Now, after a while, this accumulation of knowledge, 
 and this way of regarding man and the world, must needs 
 encounter the assertions which the church has been mak- 
 ing as to how the universe is governed, where man came 
 from, where he is going to, and how he ought to conduct 
 himself. And true science, in its exact and scrupulous 
 fashion, will make here no sweeping affirmation or denial 
 as to the vast and various body of tenets which are laid 
 down by individual churches, or by all churches in com- 
 mon. To some of the most familiar ideas of Christian 
 theology, men of the scientific habit will generally be 
 opposed ; as to other ideas, they may be favorable, or 
 
66 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 divided among themselves ; and as to yet others, it may 
 be generally agreed that science proper has nothing to say 
 pro or con ; in other words, that they are not matters on 
 which we can have clear and definite knowledge, though 
 they may perhaps have a place and a weight in human 
 life. 
 
 The broadest result of scientific inquiry has been the 
 discovery, in every quarter to which its researches could 
 penetrate, of a regular order in the succession of events. 
 It has traced a definite and fixed relation of cause and ef- 
 fect running through all the phenomena of nature, even in 
 those which in earlier ages could be referred only to the 
 inscrutable will and pleasure of God. In the movements 
 of the whirlwind and of the planets, in eclipses and me- 
 teors, in pestilence and famine, science has traced the ex- 
 istence of sure, unvarying causes. In a word, the steady 
 tendency of science has been to suggest a perfect unity, 
 an unvarying order, through all the known creation. 
 
 Now this idea of universal order collides at several 
 points with the traditional conceptions of Christian theol- 
 ogy. It is unfavorable to the belief in a rebellious and 
 hostile power forever warring against the Supreme ruler, 
 and an early infraction of man's normal relations, fol- 
 lowed by a costly and imperfect retrieval. It is unfavor- 
 able to the belief in a habitual interruption of the natu- 
 ral order of events by special divine interventions. And 
 meantime the study of history has discovered a natural 
 genesis of " miracles," not as wilful impostures, but as 
 products of a fervid and untrained imagination. And at 
 last the inevitable issue is raised, Were the phenomena 
 recorded of the birth of Christianity the genuine creden- 
 tials of an authoritative revelation from Heaven to man ? 
 Or were those miracles simply an imaginative dress, in- 
 vesting the central fact of a very noble but only human 
 personality ? 
 
 It is through the acceptance of the latter conclusion 
 
COUN TEH-CURRENTS. o'7 
 
 that the authority of Christianity has been undermined, 
 for most of those who in our day disown its claim. The 
 moral revolt against some articles of the Christian creed 
 might have found satisfaction, and has for many found 
 ample satisfaction, in the modification of that creed. But 
 others, like William Smith, who began from the moral 
 difficulty, have been drawn by that stream to the river of 
 scientific thought, and by this influence carried completely 
 away from belief in an authoritative revelation. 
 
 But for such minds there still remain the great topics 
 of natural religion, man's moral nature, the existence 
 and nature of God r and whatever grounds of achievement 
 and aspiration and hope may exist for the human spirit. 
 Say that there be no infallible oracle in these provinces of 
 thought, none the less is it a possibility, a necessity, of 
 the human mind to explore them. It is only the long 
 habit of depending upon authoritative teaching that makes 
 all religious knowledge and belief seem dependent on such 
 a teacher. The whole progress of modern knowledge has 
 been made under this condition, that man must not blindly 
 follow authority, but must find out for himself. Just so 
 is it with religious truth. The renunciation of authorita- 
 tive Christianity brings a mind like Wijliam Smith's only 
 to the threshold of its task. 
 
 The men who have been named as his early associates 
 or acquaintances Maurice, Sterling, Grove, Lewes, and 
 Mill fairly represent or suggest the principal tenden- 
 cies of thought in the mind of the English-speaking people 
 in the middle period of this century. Maurice became a 
 leader of that Broad Church movement to which Cole- 
 ridge and Dr. Arnold had given the impulse. Theyre 
 Smith, too, was one of the progressive churchmen. (The 
 High Church school has no representative in the group ; 
 neither has the Evangelical.) Sterling was the pupil of 
 Coleridge, then of Carlyle, two representatives of the 
 intuitional philosophy. Grove, author of " The Correla- 
 
68 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 tion of Forces," well typifies the achievements of pure 
 science. Lewes was a leader in that company of Positiv- 
 ists who addressed themselves to working out the con- 
 crete problems of society, abandoning all quest toward 
 the divine as hopeless. Mill wrought vigorously in the 
 philosophy which limits knowledge to the sphere of the 
 visible and tangible, and in broad problems of society and 
 politics. 1 
 
 These various currents have agitated this century, as 
 torrents swollen in spring-time stir into turmoil some 
 mountain lake. Only when the tumult has abated does it 
 appear that the tranquillized surface overlies a deeper 
 volume. There have been some men whose minds were 
 like the very meeting-points of the currents, and among 
 such men were Arthur Hugh Clough and William Smith. 
 
 1 See Appendix. 
 
CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 "GIVEN SELF, TO FIND GOD." 
 
 THE two men just named had this as their common 
 peculiarity, that, deeply religious by nature, they found 
 themselves in the light of modern knowledge unable to 
 accept Christianity as a supernatural revelation, and were 
 absorbed in the effort to discern, apart from such revela- 
 tion, an object for man's supreme allegiance, love, and 
 trust. 
 
 It is no wonder that men who gave themselves unre- 
 servedly to this quest should have been drawn far apart 
 from the ordinary activities and associations of men. To 
 those, on the one side of them, who were devoted to the 
 pursuits of science or the positive philosophy, they seemed 
 to be hopelessly wasting their time and strength. By the 
 churchmen, on the other hand, they were likely to be re- 
 garded with a mixture of pity and aversion. That active 
 religious life to which the churchman of the best type de- 
 votes himself has for its object the promotion of the high- 
 est virtue and the purest happiness. Now that field of in- 
 quiry whose doors were inexorably thrown open before 
 such minds as Clough and William Smith, offers at the 
 outset a vast tract of doubt, vast, perhaps interminable ! 
 And doubt, so long as it possesses the mind, is the certain 
 foe of happiness, and seems a menace to the fairest forms 
 of virtue. 
 
 But what is the spirit of the unsparing truth-seeker ? 
 It is a spirit that has played no small part in our day : the 
 interest in William Smith's personality is that he, like 
 Clough, was a singularly pure type of it. Delicate as he 
 
70 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 appeared, sensitive, fastidious, over-fine for practical 
 uses, his spirit was under one consistent, unswerving, 
 all-powerful sway, the search for truth. Choice it could 
 hardly be called, and purpose is too weak a word for 
 the passion of his life. The impartiality of his intellect 
 equalled his singleness of aim. All truth was sacred to 
 him ; he must needs listen reverently to the churchman, 
 to the man of science, to the metaphysician, to the mystic. 
 To blend their various glimpses of reality into one clear, 
 full disclosure, was the intense and constant effort of his 
 nature. Yet, so long as the facts did not agree in their 
 testimony, he would not and could not betake himself to 
 any harmony gained by some suppression, some refusal to 
 look. 
 
 Such a quest carried with it conditions of severe priva- 
 tion. Heaviest privation of all was the withholding from 
 the soul of that clear vision of a divine and perfect beauty 
 which it thirsted to behold and to adore. There was the 
 deprivation, too, of that organized social assistance in the 
 highest life, which is a deep necessity of the religious man, 
 and for which the church had made abundant provision, 
 but on the basis of beliefs which to minds like these were 
 no longer tenable. And there was laid upon them an in- 
 ability to declare a positive and confident gospel to man- 
 kind, a disqualification for that preaching of good tid- 
 ings which is one of the highest joys and firmest sup- 
 ports of the human spirit. The religious inquirer, until 
 his quest was satisfied, and a lifetime might prove too 
 short to satisfy it, had no clear message to give of in- 
 spiration, comfort, or triumph : he could only commune 
 with his own heart and be still. 
 
 Yet the men who stood thus alone, and seemingly aside 
 from the splendid activities of the age, were taking a fore- 
 most part in the age's most vital work. They were learn- 
 ing the conditions under which was to be possible hence- 
 forth the noblest life of man, that life which is faithful 
 
"GIVEN SELF, TO FIND GOD.'' 1 71 
 
 alike to the love of truth, the love of men, and the love of 
 God. 
 
 What is in a word the essential difficulty which con- 
 fronts the man who is at once devout in spirit and candid 
 in thought when he essays to worship ? It is the presence 
 of evil. The object of religious worship must be the 
 supreme power of the universe. That power is disclosed 
 to us by the facts of existence which we experience and 
 observe. At the threshold of experience and observation, 
 and on to their farthest earthly limit, we encounter some 
 things which we can only call evil. The heart feels within 
 itself, mixed with nobler qualities, elements of weakness, 
 of sin, and of seeming chaos. The world of humanity, 
 broadly surveyed, presents an appalling degree of misery 
 and wrong, evils which man's noblest impulses bid him to 
 seek to remove. How, in the presence of these facts of 
 existence, is it possible to view the supreme author of ex- 
 istence with reverence or with trust ? That is the old, old 
 difficulty of the religious intellect. One answer after an- 
 other has been offered, has satisfied for a while, and has 
 at last failed to satisfy. Yet surviving all failures has 
 been the impulse to revere, to trust, and to love the author 
 of all. If now Christianity, too, shall fail as an answer to 
 the problem, if its philosophy of a fall and a redemp- 
 tion seem unworthy, if its credentials of a supernatural 
 message appear untrustworthy, if its central figure prove 
 but a human personality deified by loving imagination, 
 must, then, this old impulse to worship God be given up 
 at last as outgrown childishness ? Yes, said the church- 
 man, that is the inevitable result ; therefore hold fast to 
 the supernatural revelation and the divine Christ, no 
 matter what so-called science, history, and reason may al- 
 lege. Yes, said the Positivist, with Christianity perishes 
 all worship of divinity : therefore follow science, history, 
 reason, and learn to live without a God ! Said a few oth- 
 ers, though through long years only in the silence of their 
 
72 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 own hearts : " Let us learn all that science, history, and 
 reason can teach ; let us give up, since so we must, the 
 belief in any supernatural message ; yet let us think, live, 
 wait, in the hope that the power sustaining the universe 
 will prove the worthy object of the highest allegiance, rev- 
 erence, and rapture that man can give." 
 
 These two men, Clough and William Smith, were among 
 the purest exemplars of this spirit. As to their intellec- 
 tual traits, while both were richly endowed with both the 
 logical and the imaginative faculties, yet of the two 
 Clough was rather the poet and Smith the philosopher. 
 Among Clough's verses, deeply shadowed as a whole by 
 doubt and struggle, are a few which shine out like the 
 radiant gleams of sunshine in a cloudy November day. 
 Some of them are among the most inspiring expressions 
 we possess of a faith which rises serene and victorious in 
 the mind that cannot yet formulate and explain its con- 
 victions. And even these poems seem not to give ade- 
 quate expression to the deeper peace which came with 
 Clough's later years, and came, alas for us ! along with so 
 much of outward occupation as silenced the poetic voice. 
 But of Clough this seems always the characteristic, that, 
 while fully facing all the considerations which can be 
 brought before the deliberative intellect, and accepting 
 whatever can be fairly established before that tribunal, 
 he yet at last follows hope and trust under some impulse 
 which is beyond analysis. He is content without definite 
 proof, and with only the most general conclusion. It is 
 the intellectual man to whom his poems appeal, but the 
 deepest appeal is not to his logic or analysis but to the 
 man. " Hope evermore and believe ! " Hope what, be- 
 lieve why? He scarcely tells us, but the grand verse 
 moves our hearts irresistibly ; we obey it as we obey 
 Life itself, which also does not give its reasons. 
 
 We shall find, too, that some of William Smith's 
 weightiest words address something in us which lies deeper 
 
"GIVEN SELF, TO FIND GOD." 73 
 
 than analysis. But the general characteristic of his mind 
 was to seek a perfect lucidity. He desired not only to 
 trust, but to understand. He had that longing for re- 
 ality which belongs to every truth-seeker, and he also 
 wanted clear and definite reality. He was inclined to dis- 
 trust any idea or any assertion which could not give an 
 intelligible account of itself in the language of plain rea- 
 son. Probably, the natural bent of his mind had been 
 strengthened by his early education in Scotch metaphys- 
 ics, and by his long training in the science of law, which 
 tolerates nothing vague or indefinite. One might say that 
 his mind was English in its instinct for reality and con- 
 creteness ; Scotch in its tendency to metaphysics, which 
 essays definite analysis of the most abstract subjects ; and 
 French in its clearness and grace ; while it held in sus- 
 picion that mysticism which belongs to the Teutonic 
 genius, and of which it had by inheritance its full share. 
 There were indeed in him strong elements of imagina- 
 tion, poetry, and feeling ; and apparently from the very 
 liveliness of his emotional nature he drew a Varning 
 against letting feeling encroach one step on the domain of 
 reason. He habitually treats the poetic faculty as only a 
 graceful and pleasing way of stating things ; the substance 
 and essence of things being determinable only by the 
 severer faculties. He thus excludes, at least in set terms, 
 from the highest tribunal the testimony of that vivified, 
 interior perception, of which Wordsworth and Emerson 
 are the highest expressions in literature, and which be- 
 longs to the religious mystic of whatever creed. He ex- 
 cludes this witness in set terms and in theory ; but his 
 nature was too wide to forbid generous inconsistency, 
 and, as if in spite of his severer self, he sometimes gives 
 exquisite expression to the mystic's sense of "the light 
 that never was on sea or land." But as a philosopher, he 
 belonged to the more exact and scientific school, and this 
 although he was perpetually attracted to themes which 
 
74 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 merge in the infinite, and transcend all finite expression. 
 A friend, Dr. Lietch, wrote of him after his death that a 
 habitual expression, characteristic of his whole thought, 
 was " Yes ; but I want to know definitely." 
 
 If the higher realities and relations of man's nature 
 can never find perfect expression in exact and scientific 
 terms, yet to William Smith, and to his generation as well 
 as our own, there was set as legitimate and as vast a task 
 for philosophy as ever was given to man. An immense 
 volume of new knowledge is being furnished by science 
 in its various branches, -It is the office of philosophy to 
 mould the new with the old knowledge into some approx- 
 imate conception of man in his entirety, and of the uni- 
 verse in its spiritual as well as external relations. It is 
 the work of the philosopher to discover the harmony 
 which unites the various facts of existence. It is the 
 hope of the religious philosopher to discern that there ex- 
 ists not only harmony, but moral order and divine benefi- 
 cence. 
 
 This,"then, was the inquiry, immense, many-sided, per- 
 petually recurring, which engaged and fascinated the 
 man we are contemplating through all his earthly years. 
 His life went on meantime in other functions. He found 
 worthy and congenial literary work, upon themes less ab- 
 struse. He became almost by profession a literary critic. 
 He saw and studied and pictured, in essays, letters, 
 dramas, the beauties of nature, the works of art, the 
 various play of human life. But in his own musings he 
 perpetually reverted to the greatest problems of all ; and 
 it was as material for these problems that art and nature 
 and humanity had for him their deepest interest. 
 
 Must, then, Religion stand idle until Philosophy works 
 out its question ? Must the ship drift on an aimless 
 course so long as its master cannot get a clear observa- 
 tion of the heavenly bodies ? The best answer is given 
 by individual lives such as our generation has witnessed 
 
"GIVEN SELF, TO FIND GOD." 75 
 
 not a few, and of which Clough and William Smith are 
 typical. In their most troubled periods, we see neither of 
 them failing in moral fidelity. In each there was always 
 recognized by his associates a rare quality of purity and 
 of sweetness. There was forbidden to them such kinds 
 of beneficent labor as are wrought by the reformer of 
 society or the apostle of an ardent faith. They were 
 withdrawn to lonelier tasks, tasks which even to their own 
 hearts seemed often to promise no outcome of good to the 
 world. But there is a virtue of silence and humility, 
 which may be not less noble than the zeal of the reformer 
 or the apostle. 
 
 By the unquestioning believer, any religion which the 
 speculative inquirer may possess is likely to be regarded 
 as cold. Whatever excellence it may have, he thinks, it 
 cannot know the tenderness, the ardor, which belong to 
 the worshipper of Christ. We are told that a young niece 
 of William Smith, with the self-assertion of early youth, 
 once tried to force upon him some theological discussion, 
 and by way of reply he put into her hand these verses : 
 
 There is a sweetness in the world's despair, 
 
 There is a rapture of serenity, 
 When, severed quite from earthly hope or care, 
 
 The heart is free to suffer or to die. 
 
 The crown, the palm, of saints in Paradise, 
 My wearied spirit doth not crave to win, 
 
 Breathe in thy cup, O Christ, of agonies, 
 Breathe thy deep love, and let me drink therein. 
 
 To weep as thou hast wept, I ask no more, 
 Be mine the sorrows that were known to thee ; 
 
 To the bright heavens I have no strength to soar, 
 But I would find thee on thy Calvary. 
 
 But he that loseth his life shall save it ; and in the 
 truth-seeker's self-renunciation there is a prophecy of a 
 sunrise beyond the darkness, not for himself alone, but for 
 
76 WILLIAM SMJTH. 
 
 the world. Clough, in " The New Sinai," represents the 
 resolute abandonment of a creed become incredible, as the 
 Israelites left behind them the gods of Egypt : 
 
 Though old Religion shake her head 
 
 And say in bitter grief, 
 " The day behold, at first foretold, 
 
 Of atheist unbelief," 
 Take better part, with manly heart, 
 
 Thine adult spirit can ; 
 Receive it not, believe it not, 
 
 Believe it not, O Man ! 
 
 Then follows the view of the world as a mechanism of 
 blind force, a view as dark as the cloud and blackness 
 which wrapped Sinai when Moses went upon the mount ; 
 the people going back to worship their old gods and the 
 golden calf ; the " prophet-soul sublimely meek " seeking 
 Deity within the cloud, the heart of man bidden mean- 
 while neither to go back nor to despair. 
 
 No God, it saith ; oh, wait in faith 
 
 God's self -completing plan ; 
 Receive it not, but leave it not, 
 And wait it out, O Man ! 
 
 Devout indeed, that priestly creed 
 
 O Man, reject as sin ; 
 The clouded hill attend thou still 
 
 And him that went within. 
 
 He yet shall bring some worthy thing 
 
 For waiting souls to see : 
 Some sacred word that he hath heard 
 
 Their light and life shall be ; 
 Some lofty part, than which the heart 
 
 Adopt no nobler can, 
 Thou shalt receive, thou shalt believe, 
 
 And thou shalt do, O Man ! 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 
 "A DISCOURSE ON ETI 
 
 " In 1839," says the Memoir, " William Smith pub- 
 lished 'A Discourse on Ethics of the School of Paley.' 
 * The late Professor Ferrier ' (I quote from the obituary 
 notice in the * Scotsman') 4 used to speak of this pam- 
 phlet in bulk it is nothing more as one of the best 
 written and most ingeniously reasoned attacks upon Cud- 
 worth's doctrine that had ever appeared.' It is interest- 
 ing to find that the favorite brother, Theyre, William's 
 fellow-student at Glasgow, who had now for several 
 years been a clergyman of the Church of England, and 
 was Hulsean Lecturer in 1839-40, adopted the opposite 
 standpoint, and in the notes to the second volume of his 
 lectures vigorously contends against the theory put forth 
 in the ' Discourse on Ethics,' while admitting, with evi- 
 dent satisfaction, that it had never ' met with a more in- 
 genious as well as eloquent advocate.' ' 
 
 Could this paragraph have been read by William 
 Smith, one fancies that a quiet smile might have played 
 about his lips. It justly describes what the " Discourse 
 on Ethics " purports to be, an argument upon one side 
 of a long-debated and familiar question : namely, Whether 
 the sense of moral obligation in man is an original and 
 primary instinct, or a derived and compounded principle. 
 It is an old theme of metaphysicians ; Christians and 
 churchmen are found on both sides of the debate ; 'the au- 
 thor of this treatise ranks himself under the banner of the 
 orthodox Paley, and professes only to develop more fully 
 a theory whose substance is virtually implied in Paley's 
 
78 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 avowals. If the line of his advance seems sometimes to 
 run along perilous ground, yet his flank is always care- 
 fully protected ; he is writing, so he reminds us, only 
 about what we know by the light of nature, and leaves 
 untouched that inner stronghold of faith which is given 
 by the revelations and sanctions of supernatural Christian- 
 ity. The author's strong confidence in his own views is 
 expressed always with perfect modesty, dignity, and com- 
 posure. 
 
 It is impossible in a brief epitome to reproduce even 
 the main lines of the discussion. Its leading proposition 
 is embodied in this paragraph : 
 
 The feeling of responsibility appears to issue at once full- 
 formed from the recesses of the individual mind. Be happy ! 
 Be virtuous ! are described as two distinct commands of nature, 
 two great dictates of our being, which in general are in per- 
 fect harmony, but of which the second is to take precedence 
 whenever that harmony is disturbed. Now as an account of 
 what is immediately felt by the moral man, this is not inaccu- 
 rate. There are these two commands, Be happy ! Be virtuous ! 
 and the second, from its nature, domineers over the first. But, 
 nevertheless, the second, we say, is in fact a modification of the 
 first; and this moral sentiment, however authoritative, is but a 
 result of the play of our desires and the exercise of our reason, 
 under a social condition of existence. 
 
 Briefly stated : " Eight and wrong are good and evil 
 with the authoritative stamp of general approval." In 
 fuller words : Whatever action makes for human happi- 
 ness is intrinsically good ; whatever makes for human 
 misery is intrinsically bad. The mere perception that an 
 action makes for happiness or misery carries with it a 
 sort of command to seek or shun ; " the knowledge of 
 what is best must bind a rational being." But this orig- 
 inal rational impulse toward the "best," that is, to- 
 ward the action which tends to produce happiness, is im- 
 mensely reinforced in the individual by the voice of the 
 
"A DISCOURSE ON ETHICS." 79 
 
 community praising or blaming him; it gets such new 
 force and color that new terms are needful to describe it, 
 and the choice of the better or the worse is invested with 
 the name of " right " and " wrong," with all the tremen- 
 dous associations which gather about those words. The 
 sense of morality is thus a creation of public opinion : 
 " This moral sentiment, however authoritative, is but a re- 
 sult of the play of our desires and the exercise of our rea- 
 son, under a social condition of existence." But, having 
 thus been developed by the social atmosphere, the moral 
 sentiment acquires an independent authority, and the 
 good man no longer governs himself by the opinions of 
 his neighbors, but by his own conviction of right. 
 
 The essential temper in which our essayist follows his 
 quest is instanced in these words : 
 
 There is mystery enough in and about our being, the world 
 rolls on encompassed by it, and I am far from ranking myself 
 with those who think there is no place and no recognition for it 
 in a philosophic mind. But morality, which springs from and 
 concerns the palpable business of men, ought not to be treated in 
 a vein of mystery. Nothing is gained, even to our admiration, 
 by endeavouring to invest our moral feelings at once in a sort of 
 celestial panoply. The natural and true proportions of the hu- 
 man mind, as of the human form, contain, after all, the only 
 beauty ; it is of little use to deck the figure of humanity with 
 painted wings that cannot fly, to the hindrance and disparage- 
 ment of the natural limbs which Heaven has assigned to it. 
 
 This is the keynote of the modern search into the na- 
 ture of man as revealed in the history of man. The book 
 is pervaded by the spirit of modern science, and much of 
 its substance is an anticipation of what has been said, not 
 with more force and eloquence, but with wider hearing, in 
 later days. The force of its arguments of which not 
 even the heads can be given here lies in the explana- 
 ations they offer of broad facts of human society. We 
 have a theory generated in an imaginative brooding upon 
 
80 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 a few certain facts of a period long past ; then we have 
 the hypothesis tested by its adequacy to explain all the 
 phenomena which lie within its field. It is assumed at 
 the outset, on the ground of evidence now familiar and 
 abundant, that mankind once existed in some primitive 
 and savage state, whence some of its branches gradually 
 rose to civilization. Then the student considers the ele- 
 ments which must be found in the lowest state of man- 
 kind we can imagine such as the sensitiveness to pain 
 and pleasure, the feeling of anger and of affection, the 
 sense of social sympathy. From these elements alone, he 
 asks, could a moral sentiment be gradually educed? In 
 imagination he follows out such a process. Then he in- 
 quires : Does such an origin of the moral sense harmonize 
 with what we know of the various forms and workings in 
 which the moral sense actually displays itself among the 
 various sorts of men ? Into the wide and rich field of il- 
 lustration on which our author enters, space forbids us to 
 follow him. Nor does it lie within our province to weigh 
 his arguments against the opposite school. But we may 
 give illustrations of the temper which pervades his discus- 
 sion, enough to show that his theory banishes neither 
 loftiness of motive, nor imaginative grandeur. 
 
 No cramped horizon bounds his view ; splendors are 
 not lacking to his vision of humanity. Below all the 
 changes of time stands an abiding foundation. 
 
 The only immutable morality is this, that the happiness of all 
 be protected and cultivated. This is a precept which knows 
 no change, an eternal truth, recognised, we may be sure, in 
 every condition in every region wherein reasonable beings have 
 their abode; and the spirit of benevolence which animates this 
 precept is that unchangeable goodness which is virtue every- 
 where, which is gold in all climes, that goodness which has 
 its rest in the mind of the Eternal. 
 
 There appears a singularly even appreciation of two 
 different types of virtue, the self-sustained and the de- 
 pendent : 
 
"A DISCOURSE ON ETHICS." 81 
 
 The same power which breaks and subdues to obedience 
 also elevates to self-respect ; and the world, after having bound 
 and tutored its pupil to its own service and allegiance, throws 
 him back in an attitude of proud reliance upon himself. . . . 
 
 And let me add that no man, because he views with just ad- 
 miration the magnanimity of that virtue which suffices to itself, 
 and is its own reward, ought to yield therefore a cold and reluc- 
 tant praise of that humbler sentiment which clings with close 
 dependence to the approbation of neighbours and of fellow-men. 
 This last is the more frequent and perhaps the safer guide. He 
 who should ta^e his conscience altogether from the keeping of 
 society would place it in a perilous position. His proud inde- 
 pendence might operate for evil, as well as for good. There is 
 a limit to the boldness of virtue, and just on the other side of the 
 boundary lies the boldness of crime. 
 
 In the generous spirit there is apt to be a kind of im- 
 patience with any theory which finds in happiness our 
 " being's end and aim." The heart responds to Carlyle's 
 stirring words : " There is in man a higher than love of 
 happiness; he can do without happiness, and in place 
 thereof find blessedness ! " Yet can we accept this senti- 
 ment as sufficient for human nature's daily food ? Man is 
 a poor creature truly unless he can endure the eclipse of 
 happiness, but must he be willing that its sun should for- 
 ever disappear from the sky ? To do justice to the two 
 attitudes the defiant heroism which rises to a spiritual 
 emergency, and on the other hand humanity's deep, persist- 
 ent desire for happiness belongs only to a rare and well- 
 poised mind ; such a mind as speaks in these words : 
 
 To expect one tone of moral feeling from all mankind, what 
 is it but to expect one mode of happiness, one temper of mind, 
 one fortune, and one taste, from all the race of man ? He who, 
 after familiarizing himself with the stern morality of the Stoic 
 school, turns his observation upon some domestic scene of civil- 
 ized life, and on the manners of amiable and enlightened men, 
 feels that the rigid fortitude and ardour of endurance, which he 
 has been contemplating, have here no place, no meaning, no 
 
82 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 purpose. A moral force of far more temperate and bland de- 
 scription is quite sufficient for scenes, and for men, like these. 
 Nay, if he looks at society in some aspects, he may be surprised 
 to find how great a part of the business of life is transacted 
 without the direct observable interference of a moral control, 
 which seems rather to have prescribed to men at once their 
 career, than to accompany them at each step of their progress. 
 Men labour at their several callings all the world is abroad 
 from the rising of the sun to the going down thereof in full 
 activity, need and ambition constraining and impelling them, 
 and only now and then, when a shock is given to the usual 
 tenor of existence, do they raise serious question as to what the 
 conscience will or will not permit. Habit does it all, and seems 
 everywhere to ordain and to disallow. But if the same observer 
 carries still further his examinations, he will not fail to discover 
 some positions in life where the sternest moral resolution and a 
 sort of desperation in virtue are not more than enough to pre- 
 serve the mind from dejection, from utter overthrow, and total 
 alienation from existence. Such positions produce what they 
 require. A moral sentiment, strongly excited, and put to con- 
 stant and severe task-work, becomes separated in the mind of 
 its possessor from all that the world is accustomed to call hap- 
 piness. The end of virtue is lost sight of in the efforts of vir- 
 tue. It becomes its own end and purpose ; a virtue militant, 
 contending for a cause apparently quite distinct from the hope- 
 less and abandoned one of human felicity. 
 
 I respect, I revere, the high tone of moral feeling which 
 conducts to this state of opinion. Next to the cheerful calm 
 of prosperous hours, what more valued boon can Providence 
 bestow than this stubborn independent philosophy, so fitted to 
 adverse and distressful seasons ? The afflicted spirit assumes 
 a greatness which almost puts to shame the gay and the fortu- 
 nate. The form of the moral hero is seen to dilate as the gloom 
 falls around it. I respect, I say, this noble consolation which 
 the virtuous man, beset by calamity, finds in the simple exag- 
 gerated claim of virtue ; I leave him in undisturbed and im- 
 perturbable possession of a philosophic faith which imparts new 
 energies to a mind else drooping and self-deserted ; but I can- 
 not consent to impose on all mankind a sentiment so exclusively 
 
" A DISCOURSE ON ETHICS." 83 
 
 r r v>ropriate to the position and temper of a few ; I cannot re- 
 peat as dogmatic truth for the reception of all the world what 
 the mind gives forth as truth for itself under peculiar circum- 
 stances, and in the hour of its need and tribulation. If the 
 heart of man, some gayer moralist might say, is to be thus con- 
 sulted as an oracle of truth, why should we prefer its sadder to 
 its more cheerful responses ? Why should we consult the oracle 
 when invested in clouds and darkness, and not trust as well to 
 what it utters when light is breaking upon all things, and it 
 gives its answer in music to the morning beam ? The mind at 
 ease says nothing of the vanity of all things, never decries the 
 pursuit of reasonable pleasure, never divorces the claims of vir- 
 tue from the cause of happiness. 
 
 Throughout the book there is kept up in terms a care- 
 ful distinction between the obligations of natural morality 
 and whatever further sanctions may be derived from su- 
 pernatural religion. " Religion has with us its distinct 
 and proper source : we have Heaven's own word for what 
 we believe of Heaven. The Christian . . . practises 
 morality from motives which no system of ethics can 
 supply." But it needs very little reading between the lines 
 to discern that this formal recognition of Christianity as a 
 distinct source of knowledge is purely for the benefit of a 
 supposititious reader, and is not the conviction of the 
 writer's own mind. The validity of supernatural revela- 
 tion is not the issue he is discussing, nor has he any wish 
 to discuss it. Upon himself the renunciation of it for 
 that by this time the renunciation was complete in his 
 mind is hardly to be doubted has been sadly, unwill- 
 ingly forced : let others keep it if they may ; to an apos- 
 tolate of denial he feels not the slightest vocation. So 
 throughout his discussion of ethics he concedes as undis- 
 puted ground whatever may be claimed for a sanction 
 superadded by Heaven to the morality generated in the 
 natural processes of society. 
 
 Yet for well he knows that on the path he has 
 
84 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 silently trodden there will in time many follow yet he 
 will share with his readers one keen, searching gaze into 
 the inmost realm of human thought. He brings them to 
 it, as it were, by a side-door, to consider the result that 
 would follow from a hypothesis which they may consider 
 purely fanciful ; so that from any unwelcome conclusions 
 they may have an easy retreat. In the latter half of his 
 closing chapter, he raises the question as if in mere spec- 
 ulative curiosity : If we had no divine revelation, what 
 could the unaided mind discern of God ? 
 
 The displacement of the old religions by Christianity is 
 simply mentioned as a fact, without discussing the sources 
 whence the new faith sprang. In place of this, the essay- 
 ist shows how paganism, if it had not yielded to Chris- 
 tianity, must have fallen before that knowledge of the 
 world which science brings in. 
 
 To us in whom the first deceptive impression of the senses 
 has been corrected almost as soon as we could think, by knowl- 
 edge it cost ages to acquire, and other ages to extend and circu- 
 late to us it js a curious and distinct effort of the imagination 
 to conceive what manner of world this was to its earlier inhabit- 
 ants. They lived at least the multitude, and the multitude are 
 in this matter everything in a very straitened, circumscribed 
 creation, a flat and stationary earth, arched over by the sky 
 as by its natural roof. In this miniature of nature the human 
 form was great. A god was invested in it without thought of 
 violation to his dignity, and men assigned him for habitation a 
 region just beyond the clouds, or else the waste and inaccessible 
 places of their own world, the air, and the ocean, and tops of 
 mountains, and caverns in the rock. The humanized divinity 
 had a fit location, and could be supported in the imagination 
 without much incongruity. But what if such forms had con- 
 tinued to exist till Science had worked her great transformation ? 
 When Astronomy had dislodged the rounded world from its rest 
 at the centre of all things, and sent it to revolve on its wide cir- 
 cuit, one only of a multitude of similar and far-scattered globes, 
 when that arch which so securely overbuilt it had expanded into 
 
"A DISCOURSE ON ETHICS." 85 
 
 a limitless vacancy and left the earth diminished, and alone, and 
 far from the gates of Heaven, what place, what function, would 
 have remained to the astonished gods of Olympus ? Had they 
 survived till our day of science, they must have then vanished 
 like a dream. 
 
 As pure hypothesis he then asks, What course would 
 the general mind take if it were to relinquish as unreal 
 the light of Christian revelation ? 
 
 If without irreverence we might venture to suppose the with- 
 drawal from the world, for a season, of the Christian doctrine, 
 though we should lose indeed the incalculable benefit of a faith 
 the sole medium of salvation, and therefore, as regards our eter- 
 nal interest, be utterly bankrupt and ruined ; yet so far as piety 
 is a sentiment controlling the heart and elevating the character 
 of man, we might not, perhaps, be left in so destitute and de- 
 plorable a condition as those who love religion are apt to fear, 
 and those few who are its enemies are accustomed without any 
 pain to anticipate. There are certain presumptions of a reli- 
 gious character, already hinted at, and indeed familiar to all 
 minds, which so readily occur to human thought, and these 
 there are so many passions, so many interests, so many reasons, 
 for keeping alive in ourselves, and upholding in the belief of 
 others, that they might be almost as generally received, or at 
 least professed, as Christianity at the present day. The same 
 feelings which perform no ineffectual part in upholding the 
 authority of that, as of every religion ; the same disquietude of 
 heart ; the same aspirations after a happier existence ; the 
 same desire to believe in another region, though it be fruitful 
 only of present hopes, or even of present fears, and afford but 
 an object of new solicitude and endeavour ; the same sense of 
 public policy, whether made effective by permanent institutions, 
 or that perpetual and all-pervading force of general opinion that 
 surrounds us like another atmosphere, all these would be 
 equally engaged in support of the imperfect tenets and more 
 scanty creed of natural theology. The old heart of humanity 
 might be too strong for all the fetters which science would im- 
 pose. 
 
86 WILLIAM SMITH 
 
 To the philosophic mind, meanwhile, there remains al- 
 ways at least one sentiment of religion. 
 
 There would remain at least one source of profound, anti- 
 terrestial sentiment, which can never be closed to the reflective 
 mind, and which no scientific knowledge can affect. There is a 
 mystery within and around us. Let science complete her task, 
 and accomplish all which the most enlarged and accurate minds 
 can assign for her province, there is still a region of thought 
 if thought it can be called, where only question is heard, and 
 no response, and the question itself is scarce intelligible into 
 which she can make no incursions. The philosophy of Newton 
 and La Place, the experimental knowledge of all Europe, has 
 not encroached one inch upon this territory. It is the same 
 now as to Chaldean shepherds. Where are we ? Whence this 
 whole of things ? Whither ? Wherefore ? These are the same 
 unanswerable questions as when they first were asked, and the 
 unbroken silence which is their sole return makes the same 
 deep impression on the human heart. Render the whole world 
 clear and transparent to scientific vision ; turn it before us, as 
 it were, in the sun ; make us familiar with all its movements, 
 intricate and incessant, so that we trace the precise succession of 
 all events throughout the complicated maze ; it matters not, the 
 whole scene, the whole circle of interwoven incidents, floats on 
 over an abyss of unfathomable mystery. . . . 
 
 To the reflective mind this dim outlying space of the unknown 
 and impenetrable has a strange and powerful fascination. That 
 which to all mankind is the last boundless distance suffusing a 
 scarcely recognized charm over the near landscape of life, he 
 fixes on with strained effort of vision. There where the line is 
 drawn, as well to human passion as to human knowledge, his 
 gaze is arrested ; he would pierce through the sphere of endless 
 change into the still eternity beyond ; he has no optics for such 
 a purpose, he has no power to withdraw. From such a mind 
 you may take temple and altar, miracle and prophet, you can- 
 not take religion ; you may obscure the form of Deity pain- 
 fully dark it may grow before him, you will not abstract all 
 sentiment of piety : he bows before the veiled divinity, he still 
 adores an unknown God ! 
 
M DISCOURSE ON ETHICS." 87 
 
 The words die upon the ear like a strain of music, 
 lovely but awful. It is the musician himself who breaks 
 the hush, as he turns from his instrument to mingle with 
 the crowd. As he utters again the common speech, it is 
 like Prospero bidding farewell to his enchantments, and 
 coming back from Ariel and the spirits to every-day com- 
 pany. " But happily for mankind, the conjecture as to 
 what form natural religion might of itself assume is for 
 all practical purposes as useless and unnecessary as it 
 is to the speculative inquirer dark and intricate. ... If 
 the reader in his study of practical ethics in the works of 
 Paley and others should find himself somewhat less em- 
 barrassed than before by subtle questions relative to the 
 nature of the moral sentiment, this has answered the ut- 
 most and sole end at which it aspired." And he ends his 
 treatise with this disclaimer of any unsettling intent, 
 a disclaimer that would seem to have been taken seriously 
 by the intellectual world, which paid little heed to the 
 message until it was uttered by later and louder voices. 
 
 Of that message, so far as it relates to natural religion, 
 we may say : it is the utterance of a reverent and pious 
 soul, finding itself unhoused from the old familiar dwell- 
 ing-place of reverence and piety, and brought as it were 
 suddenly under the open sky. There must be a time for 
 readjustment to the new conditions, the eye, long used 
 to the near roof, cannot instantly adjust itself to the cope 
 of heaven. Deep awe there must be, and for a time per- 
 plexity and depression ; yet always the intent gaze, al- 
 ways a welcome of the partial light, and the prophetic 
 expectation of fuller light. This man had in his sensi- 
 tive childhood been familiarized with a conception of 
 religion under the most definite outlines, with full provi- 
 sion for the most familiar human forms of relation between 
 the soul and its deity. That conception had faded away, 
 and, though years had already passed in the process, yet 
 the adjustment of the religious sense to a new set of facts 
 must still be long in the completing. 
 
88 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 To ask of a man who thus finds himself confronted 
 with the task of reshaping from the foundation the be- 
 liefs of his fathers, to ask of such a one a full solution 
 of the question he propounds would be idle indeed. It 
 has been set before him as his life-work to make what 
 genuine, modest addition he can to the common store of 
 moral truth. And we find him at the outset giving elo- 
 quent expression to what in later years has been offered 
 by some as the adequate or only provision for man's re- 
 ligious needs, awe in the presence of the Unknowable. 
 But not by him is it for a moment offered as an adequate 
 religion, religion, whose function is to guide, comfort, 
 and ennoble the lives of mankind. It is but as one phase 
 of one class of minds that he suggests it, a phase that 
 may in them endure while all else is fluctuating. At the 
 lowest there is wonder and awe ; at the highest, at the 
 last, shall there not be much more than this ! More, we 
 must say, there is even now in him who professes only 
 this. All true worship is deeper than the phrases in 
 which it clothes itself. This worshipper before an un- 
 known God feels constrained by his exacting intellect to 
 say that of absolute knowledge he has indeed nothing ; 
 that it is only the blank region beyond visible space on 
 which his gaze is fixed. But the emotion that fills his 
 words is deeper and more sacred than mere wonderment 
 before uncertainty. A " veiled divinity," an " unknown 
 God ? " Yes, but it is not the veil, it is not the sense of 
 ignorance, which so stirs the heart, but the instinct of 
 some highest Divinity behind the veil ; the sense of some 
 holy of holies, something august beyond articulate 
 thought. 
 
 And now we are in a position to appreciate the motive 
 and the value of that ethical speculation which constitutes 
 the body of the treatise. It really represents, and with 
 an original and important modification, one of the two 
 great lines of effort by serious thinkers to find a firm 
 
"A DISCOURSE ON ETHICS." 89 
 
 basis and sanction for human morality, independent of 
 that reliance upon a literal, historical revelation in the 
 Scriptures which has characterized Protestantism. The 
 one of these two movements is represented by Kant, who, 
 admitting an inability of the speculative intellect to ar- 
 rive at absolute truth, finds in conscience an original, 
 intuitive faculty of the mind, giving in itself an authori- 
 tative law of duty, and serving also as a sure indication 
 of a moral governor of the universe by whom it is im- 
 planted. Thus, in Kant's theory, conscience as an intui- 
 tive faculty affords both a law of conduct and an assur- 
 ance of God. The theory has naturally found favor in 
 the religious world, as either a buttress for a supernatural 
 revelation, or a substitute for it. It was sure to arrest 
 the attention of an inquirer like William Smith. But 
 he finds it quite inadequate to meet the observed fact of 
 the immense discrepancy with which conscience acts in 
 different ages, classes, and individuals. This inadequacy 
 his treatise sets forth with great force. Weighing the 
 familiar rival theory, that the sense of duty is identical 
 with the sense of utility, he evidently finds that this does 
 not of itself explain the more authoritative sentiment as- 
 sociated with the idea of duty. He is led to conclude that 
 what we call conscience has been a slow development, and 
 as the potent factor in giving it force and form he rec- 
 ognizes the influence upon the individual of the collective 
 sentiment of his fellows in praise or blame. 
 
 To the scientific mind, the test of every theory is : Does 
 it harmonize with the known facts, and is it the only 
 hypothesis that does harmonize with them ? If yes, then 
 let it stand, unless new facts shall overthrow it ; mean- 
 time, practice and sentiment must make their account 
 with it as best they can, but they may not set it aside. 
 
 Accepting, on the severe ground of induction, a theory 
 of conscience as a developed and not an original faculty, 
 William Smith, a man having the keenest sense of the 
 
90 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 moral and religious needs of men, considers how this 
 theory meets those needs. It does not profess to find any 
 such immediate, authoritative disclosure of a moral gov- 
 ernor as does the intuitive theory, a profession which 
 avails nothing if the theory is overthrown by facts. But 
 his view recognizes a vast, orderly, progressive scheme of 
 things, suggestive at least of a moral order underlying the 
 universe. Clear and satisfactory provision for worship 
 he does not yet find. But we have a provision, holds our 
 essayist, a provision firm and powerful, for the conduct 
 of man among his fellows. For the enlightened mind, 
 this is the obvious elementary principle : " That the hap- 
 piness of all be protected and cultivated ; " and " the 
 knowledge of what is best must bind a rational being." 
 As an external force, we have the tremendous engine of 
 public sentiment : 
 
 The influence of society a weak, insufficient foundation for 
 the moral sentiment ! I entreat those who make the objection 
 to consider what and how great a thing to man is the good 
 opinion of his fellow-man. It visits him in every relation of 
 humanity, from parents, from children, from neighbours, from 
 citizens; it is equally present in life public and domestic; it 
 mingles with almost every enjoyment ; it is blended, either as 
 object or as means, with every hope and every project of his 
 existence. . . . Man lives, for pleasure or for pain, in deed or 
 in thought, in constant collision with his fellow-men ; they are 
 beings without whom he can do nothing, yet as they are beings 
 of the same passions with himself they have conflicting claims ; 
 he must yield, he must compromise, must secure their friend- 
 ship, must avert their emnity. A new want arises, perpetual, 
 and that can never be shaken off a want the summary of a 
 thousand wants the want of the good opinion of these fellow- 
 men. Is this a motive, a part of our mental constitution, likely 
 to fail us, to grow weak and languid as society advances, and 
 becomes, as it must become, more and more complicated ? Is it 
 likely to decay as the interests of life become more keen, wide- 
 spreading, and interwoven ? God has set men to be rulers over 
 
"A DISCOURSE ON ETHICS." 91 
 
 men all over each ; that is his moral government, which He 
 has, in the first instance, established upon the earth, a gov- 
 ernment which must continue and improve with every improve- 
 ment made in the means and knowledge of happiness, a gov- 
 ernment which in its plan, and progress, and by its connection 
 and harmony with other parts of the system of nature, claims 
 to have sprung from the Author of creation. 
 
 And now that he has spoken his deepest, most serious 
 word, he returns to quiet work, upon book reviews and 
 sketches and one or two dramas, and it is almost twenty 
 years before he again in the world's hearing recurs to the 
 direct discussion of the greatest themes of all, whose fas- 
 cination for him has never intermitted. 
 
CHAPTER X. 
 
 THE REVIEWER. 
 
 IN the connection with " Blackwood' s Magazine," 
 which began in 1839, William Smith found what proved 
 to be the chief external business of his life. For a few 
 years longer there continued some formal allegiance to the 
 law, but writing for the magazine, principally in the form 
 of literary reviews, soon became his main occupation. It 
 was a work and a place which admirably suited him. His 
 contributions brought a modest income, which came ere 
 long to be his main dependence. For such a man litera- 
 ture in any shape could never be a lucrative profession, 
 and it was much to find in it a resource sufficient for 
 bread-winning and for independence. The work was in 
 the direct line of his tastes and powers, it dealt with 
 congenial and beloved themes, yet it lay apart from those 
 fundamental problems of thought whose fascination had 
 so strong an element of disquiet. There would seem at 
 first an incompatibility between a speculator so daring and 
 heterodox, and the organ of staunch conservatism ; all the 
 more, since the articles in " Blackwood " were unsigned, 
 and stood in the name of the editorial " we." But Wil- 
 liam Smith's articles dealt neither with current politics 
 nor with theology, and in the fields of general literature, 
 poetry, history, and metaphysics, as well as romance and 
 travel, the magazine gave all the scope he required. 
 
 The obituary notice of him in " Blackwood " (October, 
 1872) shows in what high estimation he was held by its 
 conductors, who, it is equally plain, were at a wide re- 
 move from that attitude in religion and philosophy which 
 
THE REVIEWER. 93 
 
 characterizes " Thorndale " and " Gravenhurst." The 
 more noticeable therefore is the recognition of his per- 
 sonal traits. 
 
 In his youth, the circle of young men who surrounded him ex- 
 pected for him the highest fame ; he was to be their leader, the 
 foremost in all intellectual progress, always the superior, in those 
 visions of the future which are often so widely apart from re- 
 ality. But if others passed him in the race, pressed on higher, 
 and won more dazzling prizes, it was because the finer qualities 
 of his mind outweighed the coarser, and fastidious taste and 
 a retiring disposition withdrew him from the common arena, 
 where, amid shouts and cheers and commonplace din, the ordi- 
 nary competitors for fame take their places, disregarding all its 
 vulgar circumstances. He could not disregard them. His na- 
 ture was so constituted that he shrank from the noises, whether 
 applausive or otherwise. 
 
 No better type could be found of the true man of letters, the 
 student, scholar, and critic of our days, who is already begin- 
 ning to yield to a hastier and more shallow class of modern 
 commentators. He was not of those who dash off a breathless 
 criticism on the spur of the moment, or arrogantly pretend to 
 judge of subjects upon which they have the merest smattering of 
 knowledge. He belonged to the older fashion of man, who had 
 the habit of mastering a subject before speaking of it, and of 
 bringing a richly cultivated understanding, a mind and memory 
 full of all that is excellent in the past, to the consideration of the 
 affairs and productions of the present. That charm of culture 
 which, next to genius, is almost the most delightful of mental 
 conditions, was his in an eminent degree. 
 
 In finding at last a vocation so well fitted to his inclina- 
 tion and his powers, he had gained one of the prime con- 
 ditions of happiness and content. If we have been right 
 in discerning in " Wild Oats " the traces of a self-mastery 
 and recall from undisciplined brooding and idleness, we 
 may find one of the evidences of a more concentrated and 
 purposeful life, as well as a great aid to it, in this entry 
 upon periodical literature as a profession. Fame there 
 
94 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 was none from anonymous contributions, but there was 
 outlet for the eager faculties, there was that conscious- 
 ness of a worthy and an attentive audience which is the 
 best spur to a true author; and that absorption of the 
 writer's personality by the magazine which deprived him 
 of personal credit weighted his words to the world's ear 
 with the sanction of a great authority. 
 
 He was inherently a judge and not an advocate, and 
 the wool-sack to which he was predestined was in the 
 courts not of law but of literature. The most striking 
 feature of his reviews is the quality of even-handed jus- 
 tice. He makes it his business to give a frank and dis- 
 criminating award upon each book's merits and faults; 
 to instance to the reader its quality by free quotation, 
 a matter in which he is far more generous than is now 
 the usual practice of reviewers; and, also, to discuss 
 somewhat from his own standpoint the ground which the 
 book traverses. The easy and lucid style seldom rises 
 into brilliance ; there is a generous but tempered ardor ; 
 the constant purpose to be just does not often allow the 
 sparkle of epigram ; but now and then there occurs a 
 passage of delicate and melodious grace. The contribu- 
 tions of the earlier years are diversified by brief tales and 
 romances, sometimes with an underlying moral, some- 
 times of pure amusement, showing the mind unbent and 
 the fancy in free play. 
 
 From this broad and tempting field we can gather here 
 only the merest handful, so choosing as to illustrate how 
 some phases of life were received and interpreted by this 
 observer. Let us take first a scene ( u Mildred," Decem- 
 ber, 1846) from a region where as yet we have had no 
 glimpse of him, in a ball-room. 
 
 Found where it is, it is certainly a remarkable phenomenon, 
 this waltz. Look now at that young lady how cold, formal, 
 stately ! how she has been trained to act the little queen 
 amongst her admirers and flatterers ! See what a reticence hi 
 
THE REVIEWER. 95 
 
 all her demeanour. Even feminine curiosity, if not subdued, 
 has been dissimulated ; and though she notes everything and 
 everybody, and can describe, when she returns home, the dress 
 of half the ladies in the room, it is with an eye that seems to 
 notice nothing. Her head has just been released from the hair- 
 dresser, and every hair is elaborately adjusted. To the very 
 holding of an enormous bouquet, " round as my shield," which 
 of itself seems to forbid all thoughts of motion everything 
 has been arranged and rearranged. She sits like an alabaster 
 figure ; she speaks, it is true, and she smiles as she speaks ; but 
 evidently the smile and the speech have no natural connection 
 with one another ; they coexist, but they have both been quite 
 separately studied, prepared, permitted. Well, the waltz strikes 
 up, and at a word from that bowing gentleman, himself a piece 
 of awful formality, this pale, slow, and graceful automaton has 
 risen. Where is she now ? She is gone vanished trans- 
 formed. She is nowhere to be seen. But in her stead there is 
 a breathless girl, with flushed cheeks, ringlets given to the wind, 
 dress flying all abroad, spinning round the room, darting diag- 
 onally across it, whirling fast as her little feet can carry her 
 faster, faster for it is her more powerful cavalier, who, hold- 
 ing her firmly by the waist, sustains and augments her speed. 
 
 To his experience in the law we owe some striking pas- 
 sages, of which one may be given from " Giacorno da 
 Valencia" (September, 1847). 
 
 "Science ! " said the young enthusiast, "can conclusions wrested 
 often with perverted ingenuity from artificial principles and ar- 
 bitrary axioms be honoured with the name of 'science ? And 
 the law, to obtain this fictitious resemblance to a science, leaves 
 justice behind and unthought of. I will study it, my father, as 
 I would practise any mechanical art, if you should prescribe it 
 as a means of being serviceable to my family ; but you who 
 are a scholar ah ! place not a tissue of technicalities, however 
 skilfully interwoven, on a level with truth which has its basis in 
 the nature of things. I would help my fellow-man to justice ; 
 but must I spend my life, and dry up and impoverish my very 
 soul, in regulating his disputes according to rules that are some- 
 thing very different from justice ? often mere logical deduc- 
 
96 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 tions from certain legal abstractions, in which all moral right 
 and wrong, all substantial justice between man and man, is 
 utterly forgotten ? " 
 
 " My son," said the father, " you are young, and therefore 
 rash. You think it, perhaps, an easy thing to do justice between 
 man and man. We cannot do justice between man and man. 
 No combination of honesty and intelligence can effect it ; the 
 whole compass of society affords no means for its accomplish- 
 ment. To administer moral justice, each case must be decided 
 on its own peculiar merits, and those merits are to be found in 
 the motives of the human heart. We cannot promise men jus- 
 tice. But we must terminate their disputes. Therefore it is we 
 have a system of law our only substitute for justice by 
 which men are contented to be governed because it is a system, 
 and applicable to all alike. Believe me, that wise and able men 
 of all countries are well occupied in rendering more symmetri- 
 cal, more imposing, and as little immoral and unjust as possible, 
 their several systems of jurisprudence." 
 
 The most remarkable of the contributions inspired by 
 the reviewer's legal experience is the story entitled " Man- 
 ner and Matter" (October, 1845). The interest of the 
 narrative holds the attention, and suggests no suspicion 
 of a moral, till the catastrophe sends it home with start- 
 ling force. The story is that of a rich man who forces one 
 of small means into a chancery suit, and completely ruins 
 him by legal expenses. " The only remedy " for such 
 mischiefs " would be this : That the State administer civil 
 justice, at its own expense, to rich and poor alike ; that, 
 as it protects each man's life and limb, so it should pro- 
 tect each man's property which is the means of life, 
 which is often as essential to him as the limbs by which 
 he moves. This is the only mode of realizing that 4 equal 
 justice ' which at present is the vain boast of every sys- 
 tem of jurisprudence, when the suitor has to pay for pro- 
 tection to his property." 
 
 Rarely does our author appear to better advantage 
 than when he is dealing with the giants who in their 
 
THE REVIEWER. 97 
 
 greatness break through metes and bounds. His appre- 
 ciation of their grandeurs, his own steady regard for the 
 laws they contemn, and the delicate humor which their 
 extravagances provoke, stand out in fine relief against the 
 turbulent splendors of men like Carlyle and Victor Hugo 
 and Ruskin. He comments thus on Victor Hugo's book 
 upon Shakespeare (August, 1864). 
 
 It is useless to raise objections or detect faults ; absurdities 
 are too numerous and glaring ; they seem perfectly conscious of 
 themselves and defy you. Yet it would be a still greater mis- 
 take to adopt a tone of derision or of contempt. Ridicule is 
 soon checked by some terrible earnestness, and by a display of 
 power that forces respect. One cannot laugh comfortably at 
 the gambols of a giant. What if he should come too near 
 where we ourselves are standing ? If Achilles should issue from 
 his tent and race madly about the field, going through his mar- 
 tial exercises in some wild, maniacal fashion, yet now and then 
 throwing his heavy spear with truest aim and marvellous power, 
 we should look on with more of gravity than mirth. And some 
 such impression is produced by this Titan amongst writers. 
 There is no proposition so rash or monstrous that he fears to as- 
 sert it ; there is no word so harsh, rude, or grotesque that he will 
 not use it. Sometimes this terrible rhetorician heaps word on 
 word, adds name to name, till he leaves us stunned and sense- 
 less at the end of his lengthy paragraph. Sometimes he plays 
 with the facts of history with all the petty dexterity of a con- 
 jurer, bringing them together from remote epochs for the sake 
 of a little flash, a conceit, a contrast, as if the cloud-compelling 
 Jove were to bring up his clouds from the north to the south 
 merely to produce a faint electric spark. This man, as coarse 
 as Swift, is as tricksy as Dumas. It would weary the most in- 
 defatigable critic to follow him through all his rhetorical of- 
 fences. But then he is a Titan. You see that oak, he split it 
 at one blow. After all the clang and discord and endless fugue 
 of some distracted orchestra, there comes a burst of music 
 which reminds you of a chorus of Handel's. 
 
 With this mention of the great Frenchman we may 
 
98 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 join his encomium on France (" Michelet's History," 
 September, 1842). 
 
 Even if you care not to watch the successive phases which 
 European society has exhibited if you have grown weary of 
 political lessons, forever taught and never learned if you read 
 history merely for its story and for its examples of the general 
 passions of mankind, you will nowhere find a richer narrative 
 than in the annals of France. Nowhere is the human heart laid 
 so open ; nowhere does it beat greater strokes ; nowhere is it 
 seen in more violent or variable action ; nowhere greater crimes 
 greater virtues. France may not only be considered the fit- 
 test type of Europe in her several mutations, but the truest type 
 of our variable humanity itself. This vivacious sympathetic 
 race, so passionate, so intelligent, so prompt to seize whatever is 
 new, so capable of carrying out to its utmost limits whatever it 
 embraces, be it good or evil, pleasure or devotion, power or free- 
 dom, are they not preeminently man ? preeminently the selfish, 
 social, headstrong, inconstant, reasoning, unreasonable man? 
 For this it is, that albeit we are English, irreclaimably English, 
 and could breathe no air but what plays under our own cloud- 
 built sky, and comes to us mingled with our own ocean-music 
 for this it is we love the Frenchman even as we love humanity. 
 Paris has long been, what it still is, the busiest of all human 
 hives where there is more buzzing, more stinging, and more 
 honey made than in any other like receptacle on the face of the 
 earth. Nothing so light as this people ; its quick intelligence 
 does but mingle and harmonize with its keen sense of pleasure ; 
 it is laughing at that very foppery it loves so well, and which it 
 at once practises and ridicules with such inimitable ease. Noth- 
 ing so serious and resolved as this same pleasure-loving people ; 
 the chord is struck ! and all Paris rises up a crowd of heroes 
 if enthusiasm, and courage, and the self-oblivion of passion be 
 sufficient of themselves to constitute heroism. 
 
 The article on "Mr. Ruskin's Works" (September, 
 1851) awards a mixture of praise and blame, with a care- 
 ful discrimination which could not be preserved in a brief 
 extract ; but we quote a single passage, as a fine instance 
 
THE REVIEWER. 99 
 
 of analysis of a complex emotion. He is discussing the 
 sense of beauty. 
 
 Each sense the touch, the ear, the smell, the taste blend 
 their several remembered pleasures with the object of vision. 
 Even taste, we say, although Mr. Ruskin will scorn the gross al- 
 liance. And we would allude to the fact to show the extreme 
 subtilty of these mental processes. The fruit which you think of 
 eating has lost its beauty from that moment it assumes to 
 you a quite different relation ; but the reminiscence that there 
 is sweetness in the peach or the grape, whilst it remains quite 
 subordinate to the pleasure derived from the sense of sight, 
 mingles with and increases that pleasure. While the cluster of 
 ripe grapes is looked at only for its beauty, the idea that they 
 are pleasant to the taste as well steals in unobserved, and adds 
 to the complex sentiment. If this idea grow distinct and prom- 
 inent, the beauty of the grape is gone you eat it. 
 
 A severe tone is taken toward Carlyle, in reviewing his 
 " Cromwell " (April, 1847). Carlyle is there castigated as 
 vigorously as ever Macaulay handled one of his victims, 
 and the severest part of the punishment is the quotation 
 of extravagances which justify the denunciation. What 
 rouses this habitually mild judge to indignation is Car- 
 lyle's glorifying of the worst features of a past age, while 
 he is blind to all the good in the present. 
 
 We were prepared to see Mr. Carlyle, in his own sardonic 
 fashion, abet and encourage the violence and ferocity of the Pu- 
 ritans ; his sympathy is always with the party who strikes ; but 
 that he should identify himself with their mumming thoughts, 
 their " plentiful reasons," their gloomiest superstitions, was what 
 no one would have anticipated. . . . The same clear-sighted au- 
 thor, who sees the Christian doctrine so beautifully and preemi- 
 nently developed in the Ironsides of Cromwell, in the troopers 
 of Lambert and Harrison, sacking, pillaging, slaughtering, and 
 in all that tribe of men who ever shed blood the readier after 
 prayer -time men who had dropped from their memory 
 Christ's own preaching, to fill their mouths with the cursing 
 which the Hebrew prophets had been permitted, under apastdis- 
 
100 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 pensation, to denounce against the enemies of Judea, who had 
 constructed their theology out of the darkest parts of the New 
 and the most fearful portions of the Old Testament; this 
 same author, opening his eyes and ears upon his own day and 
 generation, finds that Christianity has died out of all hearts, 
 and its phraseology, as he expresses himself elsewhere, " become 
 mournful to him when spouted as frothy cant from Exeter 
 Hall." . . . He sees nothing good, or generous, or high- 
 minded, in any portion of the world in which he lives ; he re- 
 serves his sympathies for the past, for the men of buckram 
 and broadsword, who, on a question of church government, 
 were always ready " to hew Agag to pieces," let Agag stand for 
 who or what number it might. 
 
 If we possessed a review of " Sartor Resartus " by this 
 same hand, we should find a very different keynote. 
 That book was long a constant companion with him. In 
 allusion partly to it, he says in writing on " Past and 
 Present," " We regard the chief value of Mr. Carlyle's 
 writings to consist in the tone of mind which the individ- 
 ual reader acquires from their perusal : manly, energetic, 
 enduring, with high resolves and self -forgetting effort." 
 
 This same article on Cromwell, passing from the his- 
 torian to his subject, gives a masterly sketch of the Puri- 
 tan leader, from which we select one or two traits : 
 
 It is the glaring defect in Cromwell a defect which he had 
 in common with many others of his time that he threw him- 
 self into a revolution having for its first object to remodel the 
 civil government, animated only with the passions of the collat- 
 eral controversy upon ecclesiastical government. He fought the 
 battle which was to destroy the monarchy without any fixed 
 idea or desire for the republican government which must be its 
 substitute. This was not the subject that had engaged his 
 thoughts or inflamed his ardour. When, therefore, the royalists 
 had been conquered, it is not at all surprising that he should 
 have seen nothing but the difficulties in the way of forming a 
 republic. At this point of his history some excuse for him may 
 be drawn from the very defect we are noticing. His mind had 
 
THE REVIEWER. 101 
 
 dwelt on no theory of civil government to the cause of the 
 commonwealth his heart had never been pledged and we can 
 hardly call him, with justice, as Godwin does, a traitor to the 
 republic. But, on the other hand, what a gap, what a void, does 
 this disclose in the mind of our hero ! What should we say of 
 one who had plunged heart and soul into the French Revolu- 
 tion, conducted only by his rage against the Roman Catholic 
 hierarchy ? Such a one, had he risen to take a leading part in 
 that drama, might have acted with greater wisdom and modera- 
 tion than ardent and patriotic men ; the very absence of any po- 
 litical opinion or passion might have enabled him to see more 
 clearly than others the position which they all occupied ; but 
 this would not justify or palliate the original error, the rash, ex- 
 clusive, self-blinding zeal which had brought him into that posi- 
 tion. . . . 
 
 It is at this latter period of his career that the character of 
 Cromwell, to our apprehension, stands out to greatest advan- 
 tage, becomes more grave, and solemn, and estimable. Other 
 dictators, other men of ambitious aims and fortunes, show them- 
 selves, for the most part, less amiable, more tyrannous than 
 ever, more violent and selfish, when they have obtained the last 
 reward of all their striving, and possessed themselves of the seat 
 of power. It was otherwise with Cromwell. He became more 
 moderate, his views more expanded, his temper milder and 
 more pensive. The stormy passions of the civil war were over- 
 blown, the intricate and ambiguous passages of his political 
 course had been left behind ; and now, whatever may have been 
 the errors of the past, and however his own ambition or rashness 
 may have led him to it, he occupied a position which he might say 
 with truth he held for his country's good. Forsake it he could 
 not. Repose in it he could not. A man of religious breeding, 
 of strong conscientiousness, though tainted with superstition, 
 he could not but feel the great responsibility of that position. 
 A vulgar usurper is found at this era of his career to sink into 
 the voluptuary, or else to vent his dissatisfied humour in acts of 
 cruelty and oppression. Cromwell must govern, and govern to 
 his best. The restless and ardent spirit that had ever prompted 
 him onwards and upwards, and which had carried him to that 
 high place, was now upon the wane. It had borne him to that 
 
102 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 giddy pinnacle and threatened to leave him there. Men were 
 now aiming at his life ; the assassin was abroad ; one half the 
 world was execrating him ; we doubt not that he spoke with 
 sincerity when he said that u he would gladly live under any 
 woodside, and keep a flock of sheep." He would gladly lay 
 down his burden, but he cannot ; can lay it down only in the 
 grave. The sere and yellow leaf is falling on the shelterless 
 head of the royal Puritan. The asperity of his earlier character 
 is gone, the acrimony of many of his prejudices has, in his long 
 and wide intercourse with mankind, abated; his great duties 
 have taught him moderation of many kinds ; there remains of 
 the fiery sectarian, who so hastily " turned the buckle of his 
 girdle behind him," little more than his firmness and conscien- 
 tiousness ; his firmness, that, as he truly said, " could be bold 
 with men ; " his conscientiousness, which made the power he at- 
 tained by that boldness a burden and a heavy responsibility. 
 
 The whole of this article suggests, what much else con- 
 firms, that our author was admirably qualified for an his- 
 torian. But we must confine ourselves to a few further 
 citations from his literary criticisms. Among the best of 
 these is the one on Wordsworth (March, 1841), and of 
 this a single delicate stroke may be given. 
 
 The passion is, for the most part, checked and controlled by 
 thought, or it is itself wrought out from meditation. He feels, 
 he compassionates, he musingly deplores ; but he cannot allow 
 his own peace of mind to be overthrown. Let no one suppose 
 that it is any sign of real lowliness or humility of mind, that he 
 so often selects a lowly subject for his sympathy. This is rather 
 the sign of a lofty bearing, of an intellectual reserve. He chooses 
 a subject he can look down upon, that so calm thoughts may 
 mingle with his feelings. He cannot let his sympathy go forth 
 upon a level line to an intellectual equal ; this would too much 
 implicate him in the passions of another ; it would carry him 
 from himself. He cannot be so compromised. He cannot 
 quit his free, solitary, reflective station. He watches pensively 
 over the scene of human woe ; I cannot think that he ever 
 drops a tear. He gives the meed of approbation to the warrior 
 
THE REVIEWER. 103 
 
 and the valiant hero ; but he partakes not his ardour even for a 
 moment. He casts but a hasty glance at the lover's happiness ; 
 it is too turbulent, he fears it, he turns aside. 
 
 The most daring and original of American thinkers re- 
 ceived hardly anywhere a warmer welcome than from the 
 magazine supposed to embody the stiffest Scotch Toryism. 
 The greeting of " Blackwood " to Emerson (December, 
 1847) was from the pen of William Smith. It need not 
 be said that the praise is discriminating, and that there 
 is demur at the element of mysticism, but the prevailing 
 tone is of cordial applause. The aversion to the idealist 
 philosophy is overborne by admiration of the man. 
 
 Yet, up to this moment, America has not given to the world 
 anything which, in point of original genius, is comparable to his 
 writings. That she has a thousand minds better built up, whose 
 more equal culture and whose more sober opinions one might 
 prefer to have, this is not the question ; but in that highest 
 department of reflective genius, where the power is given to im- 
 part new insights into truth, or make old truths look new, he 
 stands hitherto unrivalled in his country ; he has no equal and 
 no second. 
 
 Very popular he perhaps never may become ; but we figure 
 to ourselves that, a century hence, he will be recognized as one 
 of those old favorite writers whom the more thoughtful spirits 
 read, not so much as teachers, but as noble-minded companions 
 and friends, whose aberrations have been long ago conceded 
 and forgiven. Men will read him then, not for his philosophy, 
 they will not care two straws for his idealism or his panthe- 
 ism : they will know that they are there, and there they will 
 leave them, but they will read him for those genuine confes- 
 sions of one spirit to another that are often breathed in his 
 writings ; for those lofty sentiments to which all hearts re- 
 spond ; for those truths which make their way through all 
 systems, and in all ages. 
 
 The literary topic to which our author reverts most 
 often and most lovingly is the writings of Shakespeare. 
 
104 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 From articles devoted to special phases of Shakespeare, 
 and from allusions in other connections, there might be 
 gathered a choice volume of Shakespearean criticism. It 
 is a criticism equally sympathetic and fearless. In his 
 notice of Victor Hugo's Shakespeare (August, 1864) he 
 supports a view quite at variance with the still prevalent 
 tendency to attribute to Shakespeare an infallibility like 
 that ascribed to the Bible. 
 
 Some of our most distinguished critics proceed on the suppo- 
 sition that Shakespeare, before writing his dialogue, formed for 
 himself a complete conception of the character he was about to 
 portray. It is this conception the critic has to seize upon and 
 secure. Now we venture to assert that it is very seldom that 
 any dramatist has proceeded in this manner. We feel per- 
 suaded that Shakespeare did not. He took some well known 
 story, and the inevitable passions of the agents in it, and by 
 developing these a character was necessarily developed also. 
 But the character was the result of the story and the passion ; 
 it was no separate preconception. The story was not invented 
 to display the character, but the story was there, and the char- 
 acter grew out of it, and was made to accommodate itself to all 
 its turns and windings. Shakespeare never seems to have given 
 himself the trouble to think whether the men and women he 
 brought upon the stage, and to whom he gave his marvellous 
 dialogue,' or whether any human beings whatever, could have 
 acted in the manner which his story says they did. ... It 
 sometimes happens that Shakespeare, by throwing the wealth 
 of his own highly reflective mind on the characters he portrays, 
 produces an incongruity between them and the actions which, 
 according to the story, he has to ascribe to them. . . . [After 
 instancing Lear and Othello.] Was Macbeth a cruel man ? 
 Was he a tyrant by temperament? Was he superstitious? 
 Had he that overweening pride which, in common parlance, is 
 dignified with the name of ambition ? How far was he led to 
 the murder of Duncan by the prophecy of the witches ? how 
 far by the incentives of his diabolical wife ? Questions like 
 these our analytic school of critics agitate, and on the solution of 
 
THE REVIEWER. 105 
 
 such questions they bring to bear those noble and pathetic 
 speeches which, especially towards the close of the drama, 
 Shakespeare puts into the mouth of Macbeth. But the almost 
 tender eloquence which the poet takes this opportunity to utter, 
 and the murder which only a savage could commit, are simply 
 incompatible. Shift your point of view how you will, you can 
 never get these in the same line of vision, so as to harmonize 
 them together. The Macbeth of the story and the Macbeth 
 who utters Shakespeare's tJwughts are not to be reconciled. 
 But the pleasure of the reader is, after all, very little disturbed 
 by this incongruity, because in fact, it is the Macbeth who 
 spealcs and thinks who absorbs our attention, and this to such a 
 degree that it is the murderer, and not the sons of the murdered 
 Duncan, to whom we give our sympathies : no one has a horror 
 of Macbeth. We admit the justice of his fate, but regret it at 
 the same time. 
 
 There follows a striking exposition of Hamlet, in this 
 view, that from the elements of a traditional story, 
 blended with the free play of his own imagination, 
 Shakespeare has drawn a character in which it is vain to 
 seek a wholly consistent individuality. 
 
 Among these articles are scattered glimpses of self- 
 revelation; as in this passage: "He well knew how 
 essential was solitude to the highest gratification which 
 either nature or art afford. It is but a secondary or de- 
 clining excitement that we feel when we are restless to 
 communicate it to another. The heart is but half full of 
 its object, that, to complete its pleasure, craves sym- 
 pathy." We come upon such delicate touches as this : 
 " Her face was a melody which you cannot quarrel with 
 for being sad which you could not desire to be other- 
 wise than sad whose very charm is that it has made 
 the tone of sorrow ineffably sweet." 
 
 In dipping as it were a cupful out of the brimming 
 cistern which these collected reviews offer, there rises a 
 sense of a real grievance suffered by the world at the 
 hands of this gentlest of men. It is hard to forgive him 
 
106 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 for balking Mr. Blackwood's plan of publishing a volume 
 of selections. Scattered through the endless numbers of 
 the magazine, his articles are to the readers of the present 
 day like carbon dispersed through a coal-bed ; condensed 
 and crystallized, they would have yielded a diamond. 
 This is the list of his contributions : 
 
 1839. August, A Prosing upon Poetry. 
 
 October, On the Feigned Madness of Hamlet. 
 
 1840. January, Hints on History. Part 1. 
 February, " " " Part 2. 
 June, Wild Oats A New Species. 
 September, The Boundary Question. 
 December, On Population (a Review of Alison). 
 
 1841. March, Wordsworth. 
 
 1842. May, Gabrielle de BeUe Isle. 
 June, Angelo. 
 September, Dennis on Shakespeare. 
 
 History of France (Review of Michelet). Part 1. 
 October, " " " " Part 2. 
 
 1843. March, Comte. 
 
 May, Dumas on Italy. 
 
 " Leap Year : A Tale. 
 
 July, Past and Present, by Carlyle. 
 
 October, Mill's Logic. 
 
 1844. June, The Diligence : A Leaf from a Journal. 
 August, Some Remarks on Schiller's Maid of Orleans. 
 
 " M. Girardin. 
 
 September, M. Louis Blanc. 
 November, French Socialists. 
 
 1845. February, The Superfluities of Life. 
 
 April, Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation. 
 
 June, The Novel and the Drama. 
 
 July, Torquato Tasso (Goethe's). 
 
 August, On Punishments. 
 September, Warren's Law Studies. 
 
 October, Manner and Matter : A Tale. 
 
 November, Hakem the Slave : A Tale. 
 
 December, The Mountain and the Cloud. 
 
 1846. December, Mildred : A Tale. Part 1. 
 
 1847. January, " " Part 2. 
 February, " ' " Part 3. 
 
THE REVIEWER. 107 
 
 1847. April, Cromwell. 
 
 May, The Visible and Tangible : A Metaphysical Frag- 
 ment. 
 
 July, Sir H. Nicolas's History of the Navy. 
 
 August, Grote's History of Greece. 
 
 September, Le Premier Pas. 
 
 " Byways of History. 
 
 " Giacomo de Valencia ; or, the Student of Bologna. 
 
 October, Works of Hans Christian Andersen. 
 
 November, The American Library. 
 
 December, Emerson. 
 
 1848. June, Guesses at Truth. 
 
 October, J. S. Mill's Political Economy. 
 
 December, Mrs. Hemans. 
 
 1849. March, M. Prudhon, Contradictions Economiques. 
 April, Tennyson's Poems. 
 
 May, Colonisation ; Mr. Wakefleld's Theory. 
 
 August, Charles Lamb. 
 
 October, Physical Geography (Mrs. Somerville). 
 
 1850. January, Howard. 
 February, Goldsmith. Part 1. 
 March, " Part 2. 
 
 " A Late Case of Court-Martial. 
 
 April, Festus. 
 September, The Night Side of Nature. 
 
 1851. March, Southey. Part 1. 
 April, " Part 2. 
 May, Some American Poets. 
 August, Voltaire in the Crystal Palace. 
 September, Mr. Ruskin's Works. 
 October, The Essays of Mr. Helps. 
 November, The Dramas of Henry Taylor. 
 
 1852. March, Miss Mitford's Recollections. 
 May, Life of Niebuhr. 
 September, Jeffrey. Part 1. 
 
 October, " Part 2. 
 
 " Corneille and Shakespeare. 
 
 " Review of Sortain's Count Arenberg. 
 
 " Dr. Chalmers as Political Economist. 
 
 1854. January, Lander's Last Fruit off an Old Tree. 
 
 February, Gray's Letters. 
 
 March, The Epidemics of the Middle Ages. 
 
 March, Jerome Cardan. 
 
108 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 1855. March, Life of Lord Metcalfe. 
 
 April, Sir Benjamin Brodie's Psychological Inquiries. 
 
 August, Warren's Blackstone. 
 
 1856. March, LiddelPs History of Rome. 
 April, Prescott's Philip the Second. 
 
 1858. January, Debit and Credit. 
 March, Sullivan on Cumberland. 
 August, Gladstone's Homer. 
 
 " White's Eighteen Christian Centuries. 
 
 November, Buckle's History of Civilisation. 
 
 1859. July, Dr. Mansel's Bampton Lectures. 
 August, Leaders of the Reformation. 
 October, Sir William Hamilton. 
 
 November, Vaughan's Revolutions in English History. Vol. i. 
 
 December, Motley's Dutch Republic. 
 
 1860. August, Dr. Hanna's Wy cliff e and the Huguenots. 
 October, Charles Hemans on Papal Government. 
 
 1861. February, Carthage and its Remains. 
 
 May, Motley's History of the Netherlands. 
 
 June, Miss Bremer in Switzerland and Italy. 
 
 August, Vaughan's Revolutions in English History. Vol. ii. 
 
 November, M. Ernest Renan. 
 
 1862. May, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 
 
 1863. January, T. Trollope's Italian Novels. 
 April, Spedding's Life of Bacon. 
 May, Wilson's Prehistoric Man. 
 September, Jean Paul Richter. 
 October, Sheridan Knowles. 
 December, Tyndall on Heat. 
 
 1864. February, Kirk's Charles the Bold. 
 April, Mr. Knight's Reminiscences. 
 August, Mr. Lewes's Aristotle. 
 
 " Victor Hugo's Shakespeare. 
 
 October, Max Miiller's Lectures on the Science of Lan- 
 guage. 2d Series. 
 
 1865. March, William Blake. 
 
 1866. May, J. S. Mill on Sir William Hamilton. 
 
 " Scraps of Verse from a Tourist's Journal. 
 
 June, Life of Steele. 
 
 1867. February, Dallas's Gay Science. 
 March, Ferrier. 
 
 April, Hemans's Ancient Christianity. 
 
 June, The Duke of Argyll's Reign of Law. 
 
THE REVIEWER. 109 
 
 1867. September, La Physique Moderne (Saigey). 
 
 1868. July, Motley's History of the Netherlands. 
 November, Lewes's History of Philosophy. 
 December, Dean Milmau. 
 
 1870. July, Lecky's History of Morals. 
 November, Professor Porter on the Human Intellect 
 
 1871. July, The Coming Race. 
 
CHAPTER XI. 
 
 Six years had passed since the unsuccessful publica- 
 tion of " Guidone " and " Solitude," when their author, in 
 1842, gave to the world another drama, " Athelwold." 
 There were some who in private praised it highly. Mill 
 wrote to the author quoting the good opinion of his friend 
 Mrs. Taylor, and Serjeant Talfourd expressed in a Jetter 
 his warm admiration. The next spring, Macready brought 
 it out on the stage, himself taking the part of Athel- 
 wold, while Miss Helen Faueit impersonated the heroine. 
 On its first night, the play met with decided success, and 
 the author was enthusiastically called for. We are not 
 told that he responded it is hardly possible to imagine 
 him coming before the foot-lights, and bowing in response 
 to the plaudits of the house. But for an hour he must 
 have tasted in its full flavor the highest reward that ex- 
 ternal success can bestow on the author. The other forms 
 of literary fame seem poor and cold beside the satisfaction 
 of the dramatist in seeing his creations worthily bodied 
 forth and striking home to a thousand hearts whose an- 
 swering emotion speaks in face and voice. All we are 
 told of the author's feelings is that he seemed most im- 
 pressed by Maeready's exquisite rendering of the charac- 
 ter of Athelwold. The Memoir adds that Macready pro- 
 nounced ono particular moment in Miss Faucit's acting of 
 Elfrida, " the best thing she ever did." 
 
 So for one instant the drama stood on the shining height 
 of popularity. Then it sank into oblivion. Its produc- 
 tion on the stage occurred just at the end of the theatrical 
 
"ATHELWOLD." 
 
 Ill 
 
 season, and the next year it was not reproduced. The 
 literary critics seem to have paid it no attention. Eight 
 years afterward, a reviewer in " Black wood " disentombed 
 from a dusty pile of books the little volume containing 
 " Athelwold " and its companions, and gave to it enthusias- 
 tic praise. But it won no general recognition, and prob- 
 ably very few readers are acquainted with it. There is no 
 trace of any effect of this failure upon the author's mind. 
 The youth who in bitterness of spirit made a literal grave 
 for his first unsuccessful book had become the mature and 
 disciplined man, not to be elated by success nor cast down 
 by failure. And in truth the mind that could create 
 " Athelwold " might well be so strong in its own resources 
 as not to depend on popularity. 
 
 The play is based upon the story of King Edgar, 
 Athelwold, and Elfrida, as Hume relates it. The action 
 is vigorous, and the development of the story hurries 
 the reader with breathless interest to the tragic close. 
 The wealth of philosophic thought and of poetic imagery 
 does not clog the movement of the plot. The graver scenes 
 are diversified with lighter action, full of spirit and grace. 
 The interest centres in the characters of Athelwold, Dun- 
 stan, and Elfrida. At the opening, Edgar is amusing him- 
 self with the nun Edith, whom he has carried off from her 
 convent. Dunstan comes upon him with stern rebuke, 
 but imposes only a trivial penance. He treats Edith's 
 pitiful plea for compassion with the harshest scorn. Then 
 Edgar confides to him that he is about to dispatch his 
 trusted soldier and servant Athelwold on a secret errand, 
 to see whether a certain noble lady, Elfrida, kept by her 
 father in seclusion, is worthy of her reputation for won- 
 derful beauty ; with the purpose, if Athelwold brings a 
 favorable report, to make her his queen. Then follows a 
 dialogue between Dunstan and Athelwold, the church- 
 man's purpose being revealed in his previous soliloquy. 
 
112 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 The only man who scans and penetrates 
 My measures and my motives, he is now 
 The favoured noble of our fickle king ; 
 Loved by the people ; even by the court, 
 The envious court, esteemed and idolized. 
 Now Athelwold, I win thee for my friend, 
 Or, as my dangerous rival, tread thee down ! 
 The cause exacts it, and I may not shrink, 
 That cause which makes of all this mortal world 
 But one vast engine for its purposes, 
 And still works on, and pauses not, nor spares, 
 Though every strained and shrieking cable there 
 Is spun of human fibre. Here he comes. 
 
 Athelwold arraigns him for artfulness and cruelty ; for 
 his leniency with the weak and vicious Edgar, and his 
 previous severity to the innocent Edwin for a virtuous 
 marriage. Dunstan defends himself as having acted 
 solely in the interest of the Church, in humoring the 
 weak monarch and crushing the rebellious one. 
 
 Athelwold. Thus has it ever been ! The cruel zealot 
 First frames a duty Heaven never meant, 
 And in fulfilment of it acts such crimes 
 As wondering Hell made no provision for. 
 Dominion ! still dominion ! 
 Cannot thy church instruct, control, and guide, 
 Sharing a sway with all good influences, 
 But it alone must rule the human mind, 
 And paralyze to rule making a crime 
 Of the bare judgment, till our faith is fear, 
 And in the very best the callous thought 
 Foregoes, forgets, the finer sense of truth ? 
 The generous hope which bears us to the skies 
 Oh, make not this our bondage ! 
 
 Dunstan. Mark you not, 
 
 My Athelwold, how in the faith of all 
 Each child of frailty, each poor worldling, finds 
 The path he treads to Heaven ? On the broad base, 
 By ages strengthened, of a nation's creed, 
 As on some mole immense and palpable, 
 Wrought o'er the abyss, fast to the doors of Heaven, 
 Each solitary foot treads firm ; the flock 
 
"ATHELWOLD." 113 
 
 Of men pass on they pause they fail they fall 
 
 But on the road itself, and where it leads, 
 
 Or who contrived, they waste no bootless care, 
 
 No sad, unequal scrutiny. Therefore 
 
 We punish error as we punish crime, 
 
 Lest by the perverse freedom of a few 
 
 Truth lose her hold on the gross, giddy world. 
 
 And hear me out with patience, my good lord 
 
 And fortunate, I deem, are men thus ruled, 
 
 Who reason not, but in belief obey, 
 
 Or with the reason happily confound 
 
 A foregone sense of duty ; fortunate, 
 
 In my esteem, that subject-multitude 
 
 The monarch- priest, by his bold government, 
 
 Protects from worst of anarchies, from doubt, 
 
 And its undying fear : their creed lives in them 
 
 Like blood within their veins, and glows or thrills, 
 
 As questionless. Know this that he who towers 
 
 Above his kind, nor can be taught of them, 
 
 Who trusts his faith to solitary thought, 
 
 Who strains his ear for accents from the skies, 
 
 Or tasks the wavering oracle within, 
 
 Shall feed on heavenly whispers, few and faint, 
 
 And dying oft to stillness terrible ! 
 
 Dunstan then goes on to appeal to Athelwold to ally 
 himself with the power of the Church ; but is unsuccessful. 
 Athelwold, left to himself, contrasts his own purpose and 
 attitude with Dunstan's. 
 
 This Dunstan deals 
 In a dissembling policy, in arts 
 Tortuous and little for a noble mind ; 
 And yet in him there is no littleness, 
 For all is done as task-work, wise or not, 
 For greatest purposes. This 't is to be 
 One of your world-controllers. I 'd not stoop 
 From my own pride of virtue and of truth 
 To rule the planet. 
 
 He visits Olgar, Elfrida's father, concealing his errand. 
 In an interview between Elfrida and her confidante Gil- 
 bertha, she is shown divided between attraction toward 
 the stranger knight, and a longing for wider conquests. 
 
114 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 Gilbertha. Oh, 't is more 
 
 Than woman wants to win one noble heart, 
 And all beyond is danger. I should tremble 
 To have the power that lies in thy sweet face 
 To dizzy human brains my own might turn. 
 
 Elfrida. Now would that I were but in Edgar's court 
 To play this fearful part among his thanes ! 
 How glorious in some royal festival 
 To feel I was the queen of it ! 
 
 Gil. Fie ! fie ! 
 
 When all this while thou hast this wandering knight, 
 Like a stray deer, within the mortal toils ! 
 Say, could the ransacked court supply a match 
 Nobler than Athelwold ? 
 
 Elf. Oh, he 's an emperor, 
 
 A very demi-god ! Let me say it 
 'T is only to thy ear say it aloud 
 Though burning blushes rush, against my will, 
 To my hot cheek that I do love this thane ! 
 Mark, my Gilbertha, what a brow he has ! 
 How proud ! how thoughtful ! Peace and war at once 
 With all their several virtues, rally there. 
 Sometimes his full black eye, taking no note 
 Of present object, with its thought dilates, 
 And seems to drink in knowledge from the air ; 
 Anon it flashes like an energy, 
 That seems to scorn dependence for the deed 
 Even on his noble arm. Oh, be sure 
 His is a spirit that profoundly thinks, 
 And can as boldly dare ! 
 
 Gil. Why then athirst 
 
 For wider conquests, lady ? Why just now 
 So restless for the court ? 
 
 Elf. I 'd have, my girl, 
 
 Whole troops of lovers and of prostrate knights, 
 That I might sacrifice them all to him. 
 I hate to be thus caught, like a tame thing, 
 Cooped in this place. He '11 think me nothing worth, 
 Finding me here alone, unsought, unprized, 
 So cheap a victory. But out alas ! 
 We know not all this while if the thane cares 
 To make the conquest we are grudging him. 
 
"ATHELWOLD." 115 
 
 Athelwold, meanwhile, finds himself perilously fasci- 
 nated by Elfrida's beauty. 
 
 If on the eye the light of beauty falls, 
 
 The eye must see ; if on the ear there steals 
 
 Soft speech of woman, the unsheltered nerve 
 
 Cannot refuse the melody ; if thought 
 
 Of that embrace which blissful lovers win 
 
 Enters the heart, I cannot make it stone, 
 
 And it must fill with the fast rising tide 
 
 Of tremulous desire I cannot help 
 
 Its pausing pulse or the faint breath it draws ; 
 
 But whilst I feel, I yield not. Love with me 
 
 Is but a pain, an exquisite endurance, 
 
 Where reason listening to the throbbing heart, 
 
 And hanging o'er its sorrow, gazes down 
 
 Like sage physician on the sick man's couch. 
 
 I taste love's sweetness but in love's despair. 
 
 A bride a beautiful and loving wife 
 Grant it a good the chief est good the sole 
 Notorious happiness for which we live 
 Why, in the name of reason, why alone 
 
 This woman's beauty ? Why her love alone ? 
 Could sweet affection from no eyes but hers 
 Look out upon me ? could no hand but hers 
 Give that soft pressure felt upon the heart ? 
 Are there no smiles, no beauty, none but hers 
 In this wide world ? Is all that 's dear in woman 
 Summed in Elfrida, that I must pursue 
 Her only at the hazard of my life, 
 And certain loss of honour ? Gracious Heaven ! 
 This madness even as I drag it forth 
 For utter scorn and mockery lo, my heart 
 Claims as her own ! I 'm blotted from the list 
 Of reasonable beings ! lost ! lost ! lost ! 
 
 But one resolve but one the spell were broke ! 
 My horse ! my horse ! with spurs into his flanks 
 
 I '11 ride to Edgar tell the blazing truth 
 As far as tongue can speak it, and then fly 
 Forever these deserted shores. Soft, she comes. 
 
 He discerns in Elfrida's bearing that he might win her 
 
lit) WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 love, but masters himself, and is hastily departing when 
 he meets Olgar, who frankly offers him his daughter's 
 hand and fortune. For answer he tells him that she is 
 destined for the king. 
 
 Olgar. What say you ? What ! 
 
 My daughter wed this royal libertine ? 
 I 'd rather give her to the basest hind 
 That tills my land. Hold, Athelwold ! 
 If I have been a courteous host to thee 
 If thou hast feeling for a father's love 
 Name not to Edgar that I have a daughter 
 Who is, I know it, passing beautiful. 
 Do you esteem Elfrida, there she is, 
 With half a province for her dowry take her, 
 You cannot take more gladly than I give 
 But if you heed her not, oh, pray forget 
 You ever saw my child ! Play not the spy 
 To point that treasure to lascivious theft 
 Which to your honorable custody 
 Has been with friendly confidence proposed. 
 
 Athelwold. She is mine, Olgar ! mine ! Were all the kings 
 On earth my rivals, she is mine ! 
 
 He returns to the court, and tells the king that El- 
 frida's beauty has been overpraised, but that for himself 
 she is by birth and fortune a suitable match ; and the 
 king unsuspectingly relinquishes her to him. Dunstan 
 learns the truth, and arranges for its disclosure to the 
 king. He then retires to a hermit's retreat, where he is 
 beset by terrible doubts as to the very foundations of his 
 faith. 
 
 Dunstan (alone.} I stand on the bare earth, beneath this vault, 
 Alone with God and nature. Nature, yes, 
 But where the God ? Oh, terrible 
 Is this unseen Omnipotence ! Come back ! 
 Ye shapes that sat with me erewhile, coine back ! 
 Come back, ye devils ! for your hostile rage 
 Were comfort in this blank immensity 
 That spreads around me, wider, wider spreads, 
 One silent, void, and infinite abyss, 
 
"ATHELWOLD." 117 
 
 O'ershadowed only with a fear, 
 
 That darkens darkness, of an unknown Power, 
 
 But where no power is seen. [Kneels and then rises again. 
 
 In vain I kneel, 
 
 I cannot shape a presence for my prayers, 
 All human thought dies out in the attempt, 
 And reason is a chaos. God, where art thou ? 
 I call for thee, they give me but a world, 
 Thy mechanism ; I call aloud for thee, 
 My father, friend, sustainer, teacher, judge, 
 They give me world on world, planet on planet, 
 Take them away ! They hut encumber heaven 
 I cannot see my God ! Why should I pray ? 
 Now what is man, O heaven ! that thou shouldst have 
 Regard for him, his virtue, or his guilt, 
 His homage, or his prayers ? Man tortures man, 
 Let man see to it, punish and prevent ; 
 Why else didst thou bestow his little share 
 Of reason and of social government ? 
 Creature most weak, sad, and contemptible, 
 The devils do but mock thee when they grin 
 Their hideous threats. Think'st thou thy puny life 
 Can anger its Creator ? Canst thou give, 
 Give or withhold an honour to the God 
 That made thee, puppet ? Or, poor jealous fools, 
 Do ye contest it as a point concerns 
 Your own high honour and prerogative, 
 That He should plague ye everlastingly 
 For mutual, mad, and transitory sins ? 
 Not mine ! not mine ! these thoughts, this blasphemy ! 
 It is the whispering demon at my ear 
 Pours in these impious doubts. Oh, dark ! dark ! dark ! 
 Are all things in this world. 
 
 From his solitude, lie flies back to the court, where he 
 comes upon Edgar and Edith. 
 
 Enter DUNSTAN, his manner disturbed. 
 Dunstan. Let me be with my fellow-kind. Your hand. 
 Ha ! 'T is a king's give me a human hand. 
 
 [Throws aside Edgar's and takes the hand of Edith 
 Let me take refuge with nay kind ! 
 Thoughts bred in Hell assailed me ; they were sent 
 For my humiliation I am humbled. 
 
118 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 Edgar. Not to your king, it seems. But perhaps your slight 
 Of him is part of your devotion, saint. 
 
 Dun. Edith, you are in tears. This fickle king 
 Has cast you off ? 
 
 Edith. Ask me not let me go. 
 
 Dun. Thy tears confess it. Leave now this cruel court ; 
 I '11 plant thee where a kindly sisterhood 
 With care and tenderness shall heal thy wounds, 
 And bind thy broken heart. In some far abbey, 
 Beneath another sky, and if it please, 
 Another name, thou shalt be happy yet. 
 
 Edith. The voice of Dunstan, but how much unlike 
 The Dunstan that I lately spoke withal ! 
 Oh, now thou mak'st me feel, and mourn indeed, 
 My wretched weakness. 
 
 Dunstan. Grieve not so much that sin 
 
 Hath found a stealthy passage to thy heart, 
 As now rejoice that penitence hath tracked 
 Its subtle footsteps there. Sin and repentance 
 These two give men religion and their God, 
 Their faith, their hope. It is not innocence, 
 It is not wisdom claims the skies for man, 
 Or wings his soul to immortality, 
 'T is guilt that leads to the celestial gate, 
 And weeping mercy stands to open it. 
 
 Edgar. And whilst you rave, or sermonize a girl, 
 Your monarch, in his palace, may stand by, 
 May speak, address you, insolent proud priest, 
 And wait in vain an answer ! 
 
 Dun. lam bent 
 
 On charitable deed am occupied 
 With deep and serious thought. Go to thy pander 
 Consult with him some newer lust entrap 
 Some fresher victim for one sensual hour 
 Kill all her days to come. Such are thy deeds, 
 Such are thy noble thoughts. I cannot gloss, 
 Or parley with them now. When next I need 
 The king I '11 speak with thee. [Going with Edith. 
 
 Edgar. And thou, lewd minx, 
 
 Wilt thou conspire with him ? Wilt thou too brave me 
 In my own palace walls ? Go with that priest, 
 And dearly, bitterly, shalt thdu abide it. 
 
 Edith. Let me not part in anger with thee, Edgar, 
 
"ATHELWOLD." 119 
 
 'Tis I I only that am wronged, 
 
 I only suffer here yet let us part . 
 
 In sorrow, not in anger. 
 
 [Rushes towards him, but Dunstan restrains her. 
 
 Dun. Thou 'rt his no more, 
 
 He has repulsed thee thou art mine I will 
 Protect thee, even from thyself, fond woman. 
 
 Edgar, Release thy hold and let her come to me, 
 Or 
 
 Dun. I attend. What is this mighty threat 
 Which cannot find fit utterance, as it seems, 
 Even from a monarch's threat ? Oh, have I lived 
 In severe abstinence from all delights 
 That make life dear to man, and courted pain 
 For the great liberty she brings, and now 
 Is there a mortal power shall threaten me ? 
 What is it, Edgar ? Oh, thou dost compete 
 With unembodied spirit. On my life 
 Where canst thou hang a threat, or plant a wound ? 
 
 Edgar. I can complete the sentence if you force me. 
 There was a Dunstan, abbot of Glastonbury, 
 Was banished from his country. 
 
 Dun. And he ruled it 
 
 Even from his exile, and the man returned 
 Archbishop, as I think, of Canterbury, 
 And ere he set his foot upon the soil, 
 He had the power to set another king 
 Than him who banished him, upon the throne. 
 So runs the narrative. O God of Heaven ! 
 I thank thee for this strife \ Here here my faith 
 In all its fulness is restored to me. 
 I am that Dunstan thou hast given in charge 
 To subdue monarchs and to rule a people 
 I am that Dunstan whom in this vile body 
 Thou hast allowed with angels to commune, 
 And with the powers of Satan to contend 
 I am that Dunstan still retained on earth 
 To walk so long with men, that regal pride, 
 Assailing thy dear church, may meet its check, 
 And none be greater than the priest of God. 
 Behold I pass before thee with my charge, 
 My timid charge, nor shalt thou see her more. 
 
120 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 Athelwold has wedded Elfrida, and is living with her 
 in seclusion. 
 
 Elfrida. And you can find content, my Athelwold, 
 Here, in this place, with only your Elfrida ? 
 
 Ath. Less than content, and more than happiness. 
 How pass these hours, no tongue I think could tell, - 
 The down upon an angel's wing 
 Not fleeter, softer, or more tremulous. 
 
 Elf. Your love it wanes not, though the first sweet moon 
 Of wedded life be waning fast ? 
 
 Ath. Ah no ! 
 
 I have f oreborne to weigh thy spirit, dear, 
 Or rob this period of its perfect bliss, 
 By any dark perspective, but be sure 
 'T is no frail love could live in such a sea 
 As in my bosom is now running high ; 
 Less passion were despair. Here, on thy neck, 
 Would that I now could breathe my last, Elfrida ! 
 I gave all else of being for this bliss 
 It has been mine why should I live beyond ? 
 
 Elf. You talk the sweetest wildness, Athelwold, 
 And give the sweetest kisses therewithal, 
 That ever lover dealt in. 
 
 Ath. Love is wild, 
 
 And from his cradle has the wildest thoughts. 
 I could make strange confessions. 
 
 Meantime his secret has been betrayed to Edgar by 
 Dunstan's contrivance. The court jester sings in the 
 presence of Edgar and Edith a song which conveys to the 
 king that he has been cheated by his favorite noble. A 
 messenger now announces to Athelwold the king's ap- 
 proach. Athelwold tells Elfrida the truth as to his for- 
 mer mission, and suggests as their only means of escape 
 that she disguise her beauty by some artifice during the 
 king's visit, and afterward they will take refuge on the 
 Continent. But Elfrida is piqued : 
 
 Elf. From all which story now first told me, thane, 
 I gather this I was marked out to be 
 
"ATHELWOLD." 121 
 
 The queen of England, and the messenger 
 Wooed for himself instead. 
 
 Ath. And won thee, dear. 
 
 Won thee forever is 't not so ? 
 
 Elf. And further 
 
 That this ambassador, to gain his ends, 
 Slandered my beauty to his royal master. 
 
 Ath. Which love will amply justify to thee, 
 Though in my memory it should rankle still. 
 
 Elf. I have been told that true and valiant hearts 
 Would just as soon recant their Christian faith, 
 As slander thus the lady of their love. 
 Surely it was a cold, considerate love 
 That could consent to such an artifice. 
 
 Ath. Cold and considerate ! Oh, what words are these ? 
 A change, Elfrida, has come over thee, 
 An altered manner, and a tone which I 
 Have fought against, refusing to receive 
 Into my mind their due significance. 
 Considerate love ! By Heaven ! I purchased thee 
 With loss of all men value upon earth. 
 
 Elf. Of that you best may judge. It seems that I 
 Am here the person wronged, yet through thy tale, 
 Which well expounds thy falsehood to the king, 
 And thine own peril, I have heard no word 
 Which speaks of my irreparable wrong. 
 
 Ath. Thy wrong ! I made thee wife of Athelwold. 
 
 Elf. I have been libelled, cheated of a crown, 
 Kept here in secrecy, your guilty prize, 
 Told to begrime my cheek to the foul hue 
 You doubtless gave it in your narrative, 
 And, last of all, am promised as reward 
 Of spousal tame obedience fair exchange 
 For royal honours pilfered from my brow 
 A banishment to Rome. What 's Rome to me ? 
 Be sure you give it out to all your friends 
 That you have hid me in this privacy, 
 And now exile me, out of very shame 
 Of my deformities. 
 
 Ath. Bear witness, Heaven ! 
 
 I doubted not Elfrida would have deemed it 
 A nobler destiny to wed with one 
 Who honourably loved, than to be queen 
 
WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 Of a lascivious monarch, faithless, vain, 
 And fickle as the wind, But low indeed 
 Must Athelwold have fallen to play the part 
 Of his own advocate. 
 
 Elf. Oh, give me back 
 
 My maiden state, and let me play the game 
 Of life out fairly ! What hadst thou to come 
 'Twixt me and England's monarch ? It was mine 
 To choose or to reject. But justice now, 
 Redress and restoration of my rights, 
 You cannot give 't is folly to demand. 
 Even the poor show of sorrow which were here 
 So safe you deign not to put on, nor speak 
 As one who has his peace to make with me. 
 
 Aih. Let the king come ! throw wide the doors for him ! 
 I have no wife. She whom I took for mine, 
 She is already Edgar's. Vanity 
 Has seized at once each passage of thy heart. 
 O God ! and did I give my very soul 
 To this mere mask ! 
 
 Elf. What insulting gaze 
 
 Is this you fix upon my face, my lord ? 
 
 Aih. Insulting ? Oh, no, no ! I do admire, 
 Thou supernatural mischief ! do adore, 
 Thou sweetest incarnation of the power 
 That tempts but to destroy ! Oh, thou fiend, 
 Incomparably armed to clutch men's souls, 
 All Hell does worship thee ! Nay, let me look, 
 Give me leave still. 
 
 The king arrives, is captivated by Elf rida's beauty, and, 
 when alone with Athelwold, turns fiercely upon him for 
 his treachery. Athelwold makes no defence or resist- 
 ance. The king, relenting a little toward his old favorite, 
 offers to spare his forfeited life if he will consent to a 
 divorce from Elfrida, for which some pretext can be in- 
 vented. Athelwold refuses the king may take his life, 
 but he will not assist in his scheme for wedding Elfrida 
 by accepting a divorce though his own love for her is 
 dead. 
 
"ATHELWOLD." 123 
 
 Edgar. Then aid 
 
 In this divorce. 
 
 A th. Not with your canonist. 
 
 Edgar. Madman ! But thus it is. Men of your stamp 
 Long while so wise, discreet and disciplined, 
 Take they some single passion to their breast, 
 They are self-willed as Satan, nothing daunts; 
 Honour and priestcraft, they outface them all 
 It is their will in open day they fling 
 Their conscience down before the gaping crowd, 
 And it may roar aloud, they can defy 
 The universal storm. That fever past, 
 Lo, they are cold again as rocks, unmoved 
 As adamant, and come this very world 
 With sober counsel and with friendly aid, 
 They have their virtue then their scruples then 
 Nor of a hair's-breadth can be turned aside 
 Out of their mulish path of rectitude. 
 Yet what hast thou to do with honour more, 
 Who didst betray thy sovereign, false thane ? 
 
 Ath. Who spoke of virtue who of rectitude 
 Who here of honour breathed one single word ? 
 Not I not I ! the simple " I will not," 
 Was all my answer. What ! shall none but kings 
 Be peremptory ? Thou mere selfish man, 
 Stranger to generous thought, fall I within 
 The scope of thy rebuke ? Could one step sink me 
 To the poor level of your majesty ? 
 Are years of discipline, and all the pride 
 Of virtue in one error lost ? Not so. 
 I look that wretched error in the face 
 Know it for what it is but I '11 not grow 
 Like to my fault by gazing on it. Honour 
 May show on me like tarnished panoply, 
 Bruised, battered, and decayed I know it yet 
 An armour of good proof. 
 
 Elfrida has at first toyed with the fancy of a royal con- 
 quest. When she has charmed the king by her beauty, 
 she learns from Gilbertha that Athelwold has been thrown 
 into prison. Still for a moment she dallies with the 
 thought of queenship. Then Gilbertha's horror recalls 
 
124 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 her to her better self. Meeting Edgar again, who now 
 makes bold suit to her, she realizes his worthlessness. But 
 her remorse comes too late. Either Athelwold must die, 
 or the king will either seize her as his mistress, or drive 
 them forth as beggars and outcasts. Athelwold in his 
 prison is visited by Dunstan, who now tries once more to 
 win him to the church. 
 
 Dunstan. Joy is a weak and giddy thing, that laughs 
 Itself to weariness or sleep, and wakes 
 To the same barren laughter ; 't is a child 
 Perpetually, and all its past and future 
 Lie in the compass of an infant's thought. 
 Crushed from our sorrow all that 's great in man 
 Has ever sprung. In the young pagan world 
 Men deified the beautiful, the glad, 
 The strong, the boastful, and it came to nought; 
 We have raised Pain and Sorrow into Heaven, 
 And in our temples, on our altars, Grief 
 Stands symbol of our faith, and it shall last 
 As long as man is mortal and unhappy. 
 The gay at heart may wander to the skies, 
 And harps be found them, and the branch of palm 
 Be put into their hands; our earthly church 
 Knows not of such ; no votarist of our faith 
 Till he has dropped his tears into the stream 
 Tastes of its sweetness. 
 
 Ath. Wherefore this to me ? 
 
 Dun. Because to spirits wounded but not weak 
 The church is more than refuge, it transmutes 
 Calamity to greatness. Athelwold, 
 The same bold promises that church held forth 
 To the rich noble, to the favoured thane, 
 The envied of a court, she proffers still 
 To him who by his angry sovereign now 
 Is pillaged, captived, and condemned to death. 
 
 Ath. If to my death, why talk of promises ? 
 
 Dun. The vow divorces. Not his rage alone 
 The amorous Edgar seeks to gratify : 
 Behold the path of safety as of honour. 
 
 Ath. (Rising.) I hear and hear not. What I am become 
 You partly know, but how it is within, 
 
"ATHELWOLD." 125 
 
 How blank and desolate, ye cannot tell. 
 My life is gone from ine claims not a care 
 Lies on the future an unvalued thing, 
 Untended and unowned. 
 
 Dun. Think of the passing hour, think of the peril 
 That in each moment rides. Let me conduct thee 
 Now to some sanctuary 
 
 Ath. That I may kneel 
 
 Perpetual liar in your temples ? No, 
 There is an honour to the absent God, 
 To the veiled skies a chastity of speech. 
 Dunstan, I can in you discern a spirit 
 Of no mean order, but I know my own 
 Not subject to it ; all in vain you seek 
 To mould its destinies. The god who hung 
 On the scathed rock the vulture at his heart 
 Dowered with high wisdom and eternal pain, 
 I share his spirit, though I lie too low 
 To share the vision. 
 
 Elfrida comes in, having received from the king the 
 password which gives authority over the guards. By 
 every plea she appeals to her husband's heart. 
 
 Elf. Condemn me not unheard. My lord, my lord, 
 I do entreat thee, hear me ! I was weak 
 I was a very child my trial came, 
 Surprised, and overthrew me. Would to Heaven 
 That trial might but come again ! I Ve learned 
 More of my heart in these few dreadful hours 
 Than all my life had taught I do know now 
 How I would meet it. Oh, be merciful ! 
 Had you, my lord, shown but a little pity 
 On my first wavering thought, had you but deigned 
 When my rash anger was subsiding fast 
 To reason with me, and my weak chagrin 
 To soothe with kinder speech, deigned but a little, 
 A little solace to my pettish pride, 
 Oh, you have flattered when there was less need 
 I had been tractable you would have saved me. 
 I was a child, and you you met my anger 
 As equal meets an equal was it well ? 
 
126 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 The woman that is beautiful ye love. 
 But wrong as much by that high estimate 
 Which makes and leaves her weakest of her sex. 
 Say, Athelwold, will you condemn forever 
 For one brief hour of weakness ? 
 
 But Athelwold is inexorable. We feel that if her sin 
 alone were in question, he might relent ; but to have for- 
 feited his own honor for a prize which has proved so poor 
 a thing seals up in him all fountains of tenderness. He 
 scornfully bids her back to Edgar. She eagerly offers to 
 share with him poverty and exile, it is all in vain. 
 Driven desperate she proposes to slay Edgar and share 
 his throne with Athelwold. Either that, or for he is 
 still immovable his own death ! He throws her off ; 
 she calls the guard, and with a gesture gives the signal for 
 his instant death. Dunstan, returning with the king to 
 save Athelwold, comes too late. The miserable woman 
 cares nothing for his rebukes, her heart is with the man 
 she has murdered ; she will seize all earth now has for 
 her, the throne ; but she speaks her own sentence. 
 
 Oh, ye wise priests that have one constant song 
 
 For all men and all seasons, ye but know 
 
 Scantly the human heart. Ye weigh a sin 
 
 Ta'en in its final full accomplishment, 
 
 And weigh its penance out but of the sinner 
 
 And how he came to stumble on the crime, 
 
 How little do ye reck ! But yesterday 
 
 I was a woman beautiful and vain, 
 
 The malice of the world could say no worse; 
 
 One little day, one angry fluttering thought, 
 
 And it has come to this ! Go, scan this change, 
 
 Go, weigh this heart, and to a fraction tell 
 
 Its sum of guilt say what the sort of wretch 
 
 I am amongst the damned. Turn o'er your books 
 
 Ruffle their leaves peruse and ponder well 
 
 Oh, ye '11 not find it there. 
 
 As the nobles approach to do homage to the new queen, 
 she falls with a shriek on Athelwold's body and the cur- 
 tain drops. 
 
CHAPTER XII. 
 
 THE TRAVELLER. 
 
 (From the Memoir.) 
 
 IN the summer of 1842 a great grief befell him. His 
 dear mother died at the age of seventy-five, having sur- 
 vived her husband nineteen years. I have spoken of the 
 peculiar tenderness between the mother and son. Some 
 friends who remember her well have described her to me 
 in her later years, placid and smiling in her arm-chair, 
 knitting away, with William seated on a footstool beside 
 her, kissing her hand, interrupting her work by his play- 
 ful and tender raillery, she pretending to chide, she, so 
 proud, so fond ! Into his intellectual nature, his thought- 
 life, the dear mother did not and could not enter, but she 
 had a boundless love for him ; his comforts, his tastes, 
 were paramount with her he was her first object al- 
 ways ; and his sister, Mrs. Walker, the " dear Esther " of 
 the early Glasgow letter, writes to me: "I shall never 
 forget the desolation of heart William expressed when the 
 grave closed over our mother." Later, his wife and he 
 held it as a treasure in common that both were the young- 
 est and peculiarly loved children of their mothers, and 
 never felt their hearts more closely knit together than when 
 speaking of them. I believe that he spent the winter of 
 that first orphan year with a married sister. Afterwards 
 the dreary London lodging life to which Mr. Lewes refers 
 must have set in. 
 
 The autumn of 1843 was spent by my husband in Paris, 
 where the lectures at the Sorbonne were his especial 
 interest. I have before me a note to his sister, Mrs. 
 
128 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 Weigall, characteristically describing his position in a 
 French boarding-house: "Stuttering out my broken sen- 
 tences of French, thinking it a great good fortune if the 
 simplest thing I utter is understood, and a great honour if 
 the dullest person in the company will condescend to talk 
 with me." 
 
 I know that for a time William Smith went the West- 
 ern Circuit, but to him it proved u so expensive and prof- 
 itless he had to relinquish it." Probably he had already 
 done so at this time, for in the summer of 1845 he made a 
 tour in Switzerland. How intensely he enjoyed it appears 
 in a paper, " The Mountain and the Cloud," written on his 
 return, and published in " Blackwood's Magazine." 
 
 The winter following was spent in Brussels at the house 
 of his eldest brother Frederick (who had for some years 
 lived in Belgium), where William had the cheerful com- 
 panionship of young nieces. It was there that he wrote 
 " Sir William Crichton," l which appeared, with a reprint 
 of " Athelwold " and of his two early poems, in a small, a 
 very small, unpretending volume, published by Pickering 
 towards the end of 1846. This small volume was never 
 
 1 Sir William Crichton ranks with Athelwold in power and beauty. 
 Serjeant Talfourd, indeed, gives it the preference, though such a 
 judgment seems questionable in consideration of the unrelieved 
 gloom which darkens the later drama. Its most impressive and ter- 
 rible figure is a monk who, while blameless in conduct, is haunted 
 by a profound scepticism, which makes him seem to himself and to 
 others the guiltiest of men, and who voices the most melancholy 
 sense of the nothingness to which life is reduced when faith is de- 
 stroyed. The other elements of the story are scarcely less tragic, 
 including a conflict between public and private duty, in which either 
 choice gives but a maimed virtue ; while Fate at last whelms all in 
 irremediable disaster. The contrast is wonderful between that side 
 of the author's personality which his wife depicts in these pages 
 equable, sweet-tempered, joy-giving and that aspect of gloom- 
 iest contemplation which this drama displays, a gloom which seems 
 the heavier and more unescapable because expressed with such com- 
 posure. 
 
THE TRAVELLER. 129 
 
 widely circulated, but it met with cordial recognition from 
 a few. Walter Savage Landor was one of those who esti- 
 mated it highly. It is to Mr. Weigall that I owe this 
 knowledge. He writes thus : " About eighteen years ago 
 I saw a great deal of Landor. On one occasion I men- 
 tioned William's works. He said immediately : ' I know 
 Mr. Smith, and everything he has published. I have a 
 great respect for him, sir. There are things in his works 
 quite equal to anything that Shakespeare ever wrote.' I 
 said I was much gratified to hear him say so, and wished 
 the world thought so too. He replied, ' The world does 
 not think so now, because it is chiefly composed of fools ; 
 but I know it, and I believe some day the world will agree 
 with me.' " 
 
 It was in the spring of 1846 that my husband visited 
 Italy. 1 He travelled, as usual, alone, and with eager, un- 
 resting haste. I have heard him say that he spoke to no 
 one ; that the excitement the marvels of ancient art occa- 
 sioned was inexpressible ; that he went on from place to 
 place regardless of fatigue. 
 
 On his homeward way he became ill, and had to make 
 a halt at his eldest brother's house in Brussels. By him 
 William was, as I have often heard the latter recall, most 
 tenderly nursed. In many particulars there was a family 
 likeness between the two men. Both had the faculty of 
 inspiring intense affection in those who knew them best, 
 both the same refined courtesy in domestic life. Their 
 cast of mind was indeed dissimilar, but the elder brother 
 fully appreciated the nature of the younger. I shall never 
 forget his looking at William with moistened eyes, on the 
 
 1 1 think it must have been before this that the bust given as 
 frontispiece was taken. The sculptor, Mr. Weigall, writes of it as 
 follows : " I saw then in William the profound philosopher, the pen- 
 etrating, calm, judicious critic, and the tender, passionate poet ; and 
 I believe, to those who have eyes to see such things, all these phases 
 of his character may be found in the bust." L. C. S. 
 
130 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 occasion of a flying visit of ours many years later, and 
 saying: "He was always quite different from the rest of 
 the world." His daughters, too, most lovingly remember 
 the student uncle, so interested in their pursuits, so en- 
 couraging, so playful. In him the solitary nature was 
 strangely combined, or I might rather say alternated, with 
 the eminently social. When he did come out of his own 
 element of abstract thought, it was to enter with genuine 
 interest into the very slightest concerns of others ; to set 
 talk flowing with greater spontaneity ; to bring out the 
 best of every mind. He came into a room where he felt 
 himself welcome like an influx of fresh air and light. 
 Whoever he addressed was conscious of a certain exhilara- 
 tion and increased freedom, for he, more than any person 
 I have known, " gave one leave to be one's self." 
 
 But it may be asked, Why are not more of his own 
 letters quoted to illustrate his character better than the 
 words of another can ? I do not know that there are any 
 of his early letters extant. At no time of his life does he 
 appear to have kept up a large or varied correspondence, 
 and he had an especial dislike to letters of his being pre- 
 served or referred to. In more than one case I know he 
 entreated that they should be destroyed, and (however 
 reluctantly) his wish was complied with. I think it pro- 
 ceeded from the same quite abnormal sensitiveness that 
 made him shrink not only from any allusion to his own 
 books, but from the very sight of them. Never was I 
 able to keep a volume of his writings on table or shelf for 
 three days together ! Silently they would be abstracted 
 or pushed into some dark recess. But as to his letters, 
 though naturally I am averse to extract from my own 
 stores, and I have no letters on general subjects to draw 
 from, I know from testimony as well as experience that 
 they were quite special in their simplicity and natural 
 grace. No one familiar with him could possibly have at- 
 tributed his shortest note to any other person. It was 
 
THE TRAVELLER. 131 
 
 sure to bear some indefinable stamp of his individuality. 
 Here is a passage of his regarding the letters of Southey, 
 most applicable to his own : 
 
 The letters, as we advance through these volumes, become 
 more and more characterized by that consummate ease and un- 
 studied elegance which are the result only of long practice in 
 composition ; for the perfect freedom and grace of the epistolary 
 style may be described as the spontaneous expression of one 
 previously habituated to a choice selection of terms. It requires 
 this combination of present haste and past study. The pen 
 should run without a pause, without an after-thought, and the 
 page be left without a correction ; but it must be the pen of one 
 who in times past has paused very long and corrected very 
 often. 
 
 The influence of William Smith's foreign tours is trace- 
 able in his contributions to " Blackwood's Magazine " dur- 
 ing the years 1846 and 1847. "Mildred," a tale pub- 
 lished in the latter year, the scene of which is laid in 
 Italy, contains some descriptions of the treasures of the 
 Vatican, which will, I think, be read with interest. 
 
 They paused before the Menander sitting in his chair. " The 
 attitude," said she, "is so noble that the chair becomes a throne. 
 But still how plainly it is intellectual power that sits enthroned 
 there ! The posture is imperial ; and yet how evident that it is 
 the empire of thought only that he governs in ! And this little 
 statue of Esculapius," she added, *' kept me a long while before 
 it. The healing sage how faithfully is he represented ! 
 What a sad benevolence acquainted with pain compelled 
 to inflict even, in order to restore ! " 
 
 They passed through the Hall of the Muses. 
 
 " How serene are all the Muses ! " said Winston. " This is as 
 it should be. Even Tragedy, the most moved of all, how evi- 
 dently her emotion is one of thought, not of passion ! Though 
 she holds the dagger in her down-dropt hand, how plainly we 
 see that she has not used it ! She has picked it up from the floor 
 after the fatal deed was perpetrated, and is musing on the ter- 
 
132 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 rible catastrophe, and the still more terrible passions that led 
 to it." 
 
 They passed through the Hall of the Animals, but this had 
 comparatively little attraction for Mildred. Her companion 
 pointed out the bronze Centaur for her admiration. 
 
 " You must break a Centaur in half," said she, " before I can 
 admire it. And if I am to look at a satyr, pray let the goat's legs 
 be hid in the bushes. I cannot embrace in one conception these 
 fragments of man and brute. Come with me to the neighbour- 
 ing gallery. I wish to show you a Jupiter seated at the further 
 end of it, which made half a Pagan of me this morning as I 
 stood venerating it." 
 
 " The head of your Jupiter," said Winston, as they approached 
 it, " is surpassed, I think, by one bust of the same god that we 
 have already seen ; and I find something of stiffness or rigidity 
 in the figure ; but the impression it makes as a whole is very 
 grand." 
 
 " It will grow wonderfully on you as you look at it," said Mil- 
 dred. " How well it typifies all that a Pagan would conceive of 
 the powers of nature, the great administrator of the world, who 
 has the Fates for his council ! His power irresistible, but no 
 pride in it, no joy, no triumph. He is without passion. In his 
 right hand lies the thunder, but it reposes on his thigh ; and his 
 left hand rests calmly upon his tall sceptre surmounted by an 
 eagle. In his countenance there is the tranquillity of unques- 
 tioned supremacy, but there is no repose. There is care, a con- 
 stant wakefulness. It is the governor of a nature whose ele- 
 ments have never known one moment's pause." 
 
 In place of the further quotations from " Mildred," we 
 give some extracts from the paper on " The Mountain and 
 the Cloud." 
 
 The cloud is to the mountain what motion is to the sea ; it 
 gives it an infinite variety of expression gives it a life 
 gives it joy and sufferance, alternate calm, and terror, and 
 anger. Without the cloud, the mountain would still be sublime, 
 but monotonous ; it would have but a picture-like existence. 
 
 How thoroughly they understand and sympathize with each 
 
THE TRAVELLER. 133 
 
 other these glorious playmates, these immortal brethren ! 
 Sometimes the cloud lies supported in the hollow of the hill, as if 
 out of love it feigned weariness, and needed to be upheld. At 
 other times the whole hill stands enveloped in the cloud that has 
 expanded to embrace and to conceal it. No jealousy here. 
 Each lives its own grand life under the equal eye of heaven. 
 
 As you approach the mountains, it seems that the clouds be- 
 gin already to arrange themselves in bolder and more fantastic 
 shapes. They have a fellowship here. They build their moun- 
 tains upon mountains their mountains which are light as air 
 huge structures built at the giddy suggestion of the passing 
 breeze. Theirs is the wild liberty of endless change, by which 
 they compensate themselves for their thin and fleeting existence, 
 and seem to mock the stationary forms of their stable brethren 
 fast rooted to the earth. And how genially does the sun pour 
 his beam upon these twin grandeurs ! For a moment they are 
 assimilated ; his ray has permeated, has etherealized, the solid 
 mountain, has fixed and defined the floating vapour. What 
 now is the one but a stationary cloud ? what is the other but a 
 risen hill ? poised not in the air but in the flood of light. 
 
 I am never weary of watching the play of these giant chil- 
 dren of the earth. Sometimes a soft white cloud, so pure, so 
 bright, sleeps, amidst open sunshine, nestled like an infant in 
 the bosom of a green mountain. Sometimes the rising upcurl- 
 ing vapour will linger just above the summit, and seem for a 
 while an incense exhaling from this vast censer. Sometimes it 
 will descend, and drape the whole side of the hill as with a 
 transparent veil. I have seen it sweep between me and the 
 mountain like a sheeted ghost, tall as the mountain, till the 
 strong daylight dissolved its thin substance, and it rose again in 
 flakes to decorate the blue heavens. But oh, glorious above all, 
 when on some brightest of days the whole mass of whitest 
 clouds gathers midway upon the snow-topped mountain. How 
 magnificent then is that bright eminence seen above the cloud ! 
 How it seems rising upwards how it seems borne aloft by 
 those innumerable wings by those enormous pinions which I 
 see stretching from the cloudy mass ! What an ascension have 
 we here ! what a transfiguration ! O Raphael ! I will not 
 disparage thy name nor thy art, but thy angels bearing on their 
 
134 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 wings the brightening saint to Heaven what are they to the 
 picture here ? 
 
 Look ! there fairly in the sky where we should see but 
 the pure ether above the clouds which themselves are sailing 
 high in serenest air yes, there, in the blue and giddy expanse, 
 stands the solid mountain, glittering like a diamond. O God ! 
 the bewildered reason, pent up in cities, toils much to prove and 
 penetrate thy being and thy nature toils much in vain. Here, 
 I reason not I see. The Great King lives lo, there is his 
 throne. . . . 
 
 I have seen hills on which lay the clear unclouded sky, 
 making them blue as itself. I have gazed on those beautiful 
 far-receding valleys as the valley of the Rhone when they 
 have appeared to collect and retain the azure ether. They were 
 full of Heaven. Angels might breathe that air. And yet I 
 better love the interchange, the wild combination of cloud and 
 mountain. Not cloud that intercepts the sun, but that reflects 
 its brilliancy, and brightens round the hills. It is but a gorgeous 
 drapery that the sky lets fall on the broad herculean shoulders 
 of the mountain. No, it should not intercept the beams of the 
 great luminary ; for the mountain loves the light. I have ob- 
 served that the twilight, so grateful to the plain, is mortal to the 
 mountain. It craves light it lifts up its great chalice for 
 light this great flower is the first to close, to fade, at the with- 
 drawal of the sun. It stretches up to heaven seeking light; 
 it cannot have too much under the strongest beam it never 
 droops its brow is never dazzled. 
 
 But then these clouds, you will tell me, that hover about the 
 mountain, all wing, all plumage, with just so much of substance 
 for light to live in them these very clouds can descend, and 
 thicken, and blacken, and cover all things with an inexpressible 
 gloom. True, and the mountain, or what is seen of it, becomes 
 now the very image of a great and unfathomable sorrow. And 
 only the great can express a great sadness. This aspect of na- 
 ture shall never by me be forgotten, nor will I ever shrink 
 N from encountering it. If you would know the gloom of heart 
 which nature can betray, as well as the glory it can manifest, 
 you must visit the mountains. For days together, clouds, huge, 
 dense, un wieldly, lie heavily upon the hills which stand, how 
 
THE TRAVELLER. 135 
 
 mute, how mournful ! as if they, too, knew of death. And look 
 at the little lake at their feet. What now is its tranquillity 
 when not a single sunbeam plays upon it ? Better the earth 
 opened and received it, and hid for ever its leaden despondency. 
 And now there comes the paroxysm of terror and despair ; deep 
 thunders are heard, and a madness flashes forth in the vivid 
 lightnings. There is desperation amongst the elements. But 
 the elements, like the heart of man, must rage in vain must 
 learn the universal lesson of submission. With them, as with 
 humanity, despair brings back tranquillity. And now the driving 
 cloud reveals again the glittering summits of the mountains, and 
 light falls in laughter on the beaming lake. 
 
 How like a ruined Heaven is this earth ! Nay, is it not more 
 beautiful for being a ruin ? . . . 
 
 I lie rocking in a boat midway between Vevay and Lausanne. 
 On the opposite coast are the low purple hills crouching beside 
 the lake. But there, to the left, what an ethereal structure of 
 cloud and snowy mountain is revealed to me ! What a creation 
 of that spirit of beauty which works its marvels in the uncon- 
 scious earth ! The Alps here, while they retain all the aerial 
 effect gathered from distance, yet seem to arise from the very 
 margin of the lake. The whole scene is so ethereal, you fear to 
 look aside, lest when you look again it may have vanished like a 
 vision of the clouds. 
 
 And why should these little boats, with their tall triangular 
 sails, which glide so gracefully over the water, be forgotten ? 
 The sail, though an artifice of man, is almost always in har- 
 mony with nature. Nature has adopted it has lent it some of 
 her own wild privileges her own bold and varied contrasts of 
 light and shade. The surface of the water is perhaps dark and 
 overclouded ; the little upright sail is the only thing that has 
 caught the light, and it glitters there like a moving star. Or 
 the water is all one dazzling sheet of silver, tremulous with the 
 vivid sunbeam, and now the little sail is black as night, and 
 steals with bewitching contrast over that sparkling surface. . . . 
 
 Mont Blanc ! Mont Blanc ! I have not scaled thy heights so 
 boldly or so far as others have, but I will yield to none in wor- 
 ship of thee and thy neighbour mountains. Some complain that 
 the valley of Chamouni is barren ; they are barren souls that so 
 
136 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 complain. True, it has not the rich pastures that lie bordering 
 on the snow in the Oberland. But neither does it need them. 
 Look down the valley from the pass of the Col de Balme, and 
 see summit beyond summit ; or ascend the lateral heights of La 
 Flegere, and see the Alps stretched out in a line before you, and 
 say if anything be wanting. Here is the sculpture of landscape. 
 Stretched yourself upon the bare open rock, you see the great 
 hills built up before you, from their green base to their snowy 
 summits, with rock, and glacier, and pine forests. You see how 
 the Great Architect has wrought. . . . 
 
 Forever be remembered that magnificent pass of the Col de 
 Balme ! If I have a white day in my calendar, it is the day I 
 spent in thy denies. Deliberately I assert that life has nothing 
 comparable to the delight of traversing alone, borne leisurely on 
 the back of one's mule, a mountain-pass such as this. Those 
 who have stouter limbs may prefer to use them ; give me for 
 my instrument of progression the legs of the patient and sure- 
 footed mule. They are better legs, at all events, than mine. I 
 am seated on his back, the bridle lies knotted upon his neck 
 the cares of the way are all his the toil and anxiety of it ; the 
 scene is all mine, and I am all in it. I am seated there, all eye, 
 all thought, gazing, musing ; yet not without just sufficient occu- 
 pation to keep it still a luxury this leisure to contemplate. 
 The mule takes care of himself, and, in so doing, of you too ; 
 yet not so entirely but that you must look a little after yourself. 
 That he by no means has your safety for his primary object is 
 evident from this, that, in turning sharp corners or traversing 
 narrow paths, he never calculates whether there is sufficient 
 room for any other legs than his own takes no thought of 
 yours. To keep your knees, in such places, from collision with 
 huge boulders, or shattered stumps of trees, must be your own 
 care ; to say nothing of the occasional application of whip or 
 stick, and a very strong pull at his mouth to raise his head from 
 the grass which he has leisurely begun to crop. Seated thus 
 upon your mule, given up to the scene, with something still of 
 active life going on about you, with full liberty to pause and 
 gaze, and dismount when you will, and at no time proceeding at 
 a railroad speed, I do say unless you are seated by your own 
 incomparable Juliet, who has for the first time breathed that she 
 
THE TRAVELLER. 137 
 
 loves you I do say that you are in the most enviable posi- 
 tion that the wide world affords. As for me, I have spent some 
 days, some weeks, in this fashion amongst the mountains ; they 
 are the only days of my life I would wish to live over again. 
 But mind, if you would really enjoy all this, go alone a silent 
 guide before or behind you. No friends, no companion, no 
 gossip. You will find gossip enough in your inn, if you want 
 it. If your guide thinks it his duty to talk, to explain, to tell 
 you the foolish names of things that need no name make be- 
 lieve that you understand him not that his language, be it 
 French or German, is to you utterly incomprehensible. 
 
 I would not paint it all couleur de rose. The sun is not al- 
 ways shining. 
 
 There is tempest and foul weather, fatigue and cold, and abun- 
 dant moisture to be occasionally encountered. There is some- 
 thing to endure. But if you prayed Heaven for perpetual fair 
 weather, and your prayer were granted, it would be the most 
 unfortunate petition you could put up. Why, there are some of 
 the sublimest aspects, the noblest moods and tempers of the 
 great scene, which you would utterly forfeit by this miserable 
 immunity. He who loves the mountain will love it in the tem- 
 pest as well as in the sunshine. To be enveloped in driving 
 mist or cloud that obscures everything from view to be made 
 aware of the neighboring precipice only by the sound of the tor- 
 rent that rushes unseen beneath you how low down you can 
 only guess this, too, has its excitement. Besides, while you 
 are in this total blank, the wind will suddenly drive the whole 
 mass of cloud and thick vapour from the scene around you, and 
 leave the most glorious spectacle for some moments exposed to 
 view. Nothing can exceed these moments of sudden and par- 
 tial revelation. The glittering summits of the mountains appear 
 as by enchantment where there had long been nothing but dense 
 vapour. And how beautiful the wild disorder of the clouds, 
 whose array has been broken up, and who are seen flying hud- 
 dled together in tumultuous retreat ! But the veering wind ral- 
 lies them again, and again they sweep back over the vast ex- 
 panse, and hill and valley, earth and sky, are obliterated in a 
 second. He who would ponder what man is should journey 
 
138 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 amongst the mountains. What men are is best learnt in the 
 city. . . . 
 
 There is a little church stands in the valley of Chamouni. It 
 was open, as is customary in Catholic countries, to receive the 
 visits and the prayers of the faithful ; but there was no service, 
 no priest ; nor indeed a single person in the building. It was 
 evening and a solitary lamp hung suspended from the ceiling, 
 just before the altar. Allured by the mysterious appearance of 
 this lamp burning in solitude, I entered, and remained in it some 
 time, making out, in the dim light, the wondrous figures of vir- 
 gins and saints generally found in such edifices. When I 
 emerged from the church, there stood Mont Blanc before me, re- 
 flecting the last tints of the setting sun. I am habitually tolerant 
 of Catholic devices and ceremonies ; but at this moment how in- 
 expressibly strange, how very little, how poor, contemptible, and 
 like an infant's toy, seemed all the implements of worship I had 
 just left ! 
 
 And yet the tall, simple, wooden cross that stands in the open 
 air on the platform before the church, this was well. This was 
 a symbol that might well stand, even in the presence of Mont 
 Blanc. Symbol of suffering and of love, where is it out of place ? 
 On no spot on earth, on no spot where a human heart is beating. 
 
 Mont Blanc and this wooden cross, are they not the two great- 
 est symbols that the world can show ? They are wisely placed 
 opposite each other. . . . 
 
 But from the mountain and the cloud we must now depart. 
 We must wend towards the plain. One very simple and con- 
 solatory thought strikes me though we must leave the glory 
 of the mountain, we at least take the sun with us. And the 
 cloud too, you will add. Alas ! something too much of that. 
 
 But no murmurs. We islanders, who can see the sun set on 
 the broad ocean had we nothing else to boast of can never 
 feel deserted by nature. We have our portion of her excellent 
 gifts. I know not yet how an Italian sky, so famed for its deep 
 and constant azure, may affect me, but I know that we have our 
 gorgeous melancholy sunsets, to which our island tempers be- 
 come singularly attuned. The cathedral splendours the dim 
 religious light of our vesper skies I doubt if I would exchange 
 them for the unmitigated glories of a southern clime. 
 
CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 SOLITUDE. 
 
 (From the Memoir.) 
 
 A COMPLETE and decisive change in William Smith's 
 manner of life was now drawing near. I may mention 
 an incident supplied by Mr. Weigall which must 
 have closely preceded it. " Soon before the Corn Laws 
 were repealed," writes Mr. Weigall, " William was urged 
 by John Stuart Mill to attend a meeting to aid the advo- 
 cates for repeal. The Honourable Mr. Villiers, Mr. 
 Mill, and William were the principal speakers, and Wil- 
 liam was beyond doubt the most impressive of them all. 
 The Chartists at the time were getting rampant, and were 
 in great force at that meeting, both men and women. 
 They had disapproved of almost every wisely qualified 
 utterance of Mr. Mill, but when William opened his 
 speech with a most happy and harmonious sentence, the 
 women about me said, 4 Oh, what a beautiful speaker ! 
 don't disturb him,' and for some time they seemed de- 
 lighted ; but when he began with his prescient wisdom to 
 caution them against expecting too much from the repeal, 
 that the effect of free trade in corn would be to equal- 
 ize prices throughout Europe, they began to howl him 
 down. William stopped and faced the turmoil boldly, 
 and by a very stirring appeal to their candour and sense 
 of fair-play secured again their good-will, and sat down, 
 the great success of the evening. From what I observed 
 on that occasion," adds Mr. Weigall, " I felt convinced 
 that could William have overcome his retiring habits he 
 
1-10 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 would have won distinction in public life." But the re- 
 tiring habits were just then on the point of decisively 
 prevailing. 
 
 I do not know whether it was in 1848 or 1849 that my 
 husband acted upon a resolve that must have been for 
 some time gathering, the resolve of entirely relinquish- 
 ing the pursuit of his profession, and devoting himself to 
 thinking and writing, in perfect solitude, amidst the beau- 
 tiful scenery of the English lakes. He had made no way 
 at the bar ; he was not likely to make any he had no 
 legal connections ; his heart was not in his calling ; his 
 sensitive nature shrank from collision with purely per- 
 sonal aims and ambitions, from the inevitable turmoil and 
 dust of " life's loud joyous jostling game." He could not, 
 with any hope of success, compete on that arena. And, 
 indeed, in addition to other hindrances, his private for- 
 tune, seriously diminished by a loan to an unsuccessful 
 relative (loan which he in his refined generosity converted 
 into a gift), was no longer adequate to the expenses cham- 
 bers and circuit entailed on the briefless barrister. Then 
 there were other influences at work. The " love of think- 
 ing for its own sake " was growing irresistible, and was 
 seconded not only by a " passionate thirst for nature and 
 beauty," but by that craving for solitude which strangely 
 underlay all social charm, all his enjoyment of society, 
 which found such forcible expression in his earliest 
 poems, and renders portions of " Thorndale " so unutter- 
 ably pathetic. Circumstances and character alike now 
 pointed one way. There is a line of Browning's that 
 sums it all up. Thenceforth 
 
 " This man decided not to Live, but Know." 
 
 My husband has often described to me his first plunge 
 into the new life. It was made at Bowness (on Winder- 
 mere), a quiet village in those days. There he took a 
 small lodging, where the sitting - room opened into a 
 garden, and for six months he never spoke to a creature, 
 
SOLITUDE. 141 
 
 except indeed the few words of necessity to his landlady. 
 It comforts one to remember what loving letters from 
 sisters and nieces must have varied that solitude, as well 
 as what high raptures Nature and Thought bestowed upon 
 their devotee. And then the winters were always social. 
 Some weeks would be spent at the house of his brother-in- 
 law, Mr. Weigall, where there were clever nephews grow- 
 ing up and two much-loved nieces, of whom his sister has 
 told me he was " the idol and the oracle." Some would 
 be pleasantly passed at Bath or Brighton, where he had 
 several friends. 
 
 In 1851 his still secluded summer life was varied by an 
 incident that might have given a different direction to all 
 his future. One day the following letter from Professor 
 Wilson was delivered to him. Although it is marked 
 " strictly private and confidential," there can be no indis- 
 cretion in giving it now and here : 
 
 MY DEAR SIR, Our excellent friend John Blackwood has 
 kindly undertaken to put this letter into your hands at Bowness, 
 or if not, to find your direction there and forward it to you. 
 My health has become very lately so precarious that I have 
 been interdicted by my medical adviser from lecturing this en- 
 suing session, and I can think of no man so qualified meanwhile 
 to discharge for me the duties of my Chair as yourself. I am 
 therefore most anxious, without delay, to see you here, when I 
 will explain fully to you what will be required from you. As 
 yet the matter is in my own hand, and I do not fear but that, 
 though laborious, your duties will be agreeable. You will have 
 to give a course of lectures on Moral Philosophy to my class 
 during my leave of absence from College. It is absolutely 
 necessary that you should be with me immediately for a day, 
 that you may empower me to say that I can depend on you, for 
 not a word can I utter publicly or privately without a perfect 
 understanding with you. I shall therefore be looking for you 
 in return to this, and be most happy to receive you in my house 
 on your arrival. Yours with all esteem, 
 
 JOHN WILSON. 
 
 6 GLOCESTER PUVCE, EDINBURGH, September 29, 1851. 
 
142 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 Here seemed an opening every way congenial, for 
 William had, as we have seen, a great respect for Scotch 
 philosophy, and looked upon the duties of a Chair in a 
 Scotch University as most honorable and useful. He has 
 told me that he asked for two hours of deliberation, and 
 carried the matter out, to be revolved and decided in the 
 course of his morning's walk. He decided to decline, 
 swayed by some scruples (how needless !) as to his fit- 
 ness, possibly by some other scruples, for he was too 
 truthful ever to profess certainty where he was conscious 
 of doubt, swayed, perhaps, by the spell of the moun- 
 tains and the life of unfettered thought, by the " spell of 
 the desk," on which already lay the early pages of 
 " Thorndale." At all events he did decline, nor have I 
 ever heard him express a regret that he did so. I gain a 
 glimpse of him at this time from a letter of Mr. Black- 
 wood's written to me after I lost him: "I remember 
 going up to the Lakes a great many years ago, and find- 
 ing him all alone at Bowness. It made me sad to leave 
 him so solitary, as I felt that his fine sensitive nature re- 
 quired some one ever nigh who could sympathize with 
 him." 
 
 In the May of 1852 a heavy blow fell upon William 
 Smith. His favorite brother Theyre, at that time rector 
 of Wymondham, in Norfolk, died suddenly and prema- 
 turely. Thenceforth Brighton, where Mrs. Theyre Smith 
 and her children made their home, became a centre of 
 tenderer interest to William, and his constant winter re- 
 sort. 
 
 It was in the same year that my husband exchanged 
 Windermere for Keswick Lake, the lovely Derwentwater, 
 afterwards so dear to ns both. There the summer soli- 
 tude was less entirely unbroken than heretofore. He was 
 introduced by an early friend, who had left the Bar for 
 the Church (the Rev. J. H. Smith, of Leamington), to 
 Dr. Lietch, a physician who had been led by ill-health to 
 
SOLITUDE. 143 
 
 give up practice in a large town, and benefit a then com- 
 paratively retired district by his active and enlightened 
 benevolence. How refreshing the society of each to the 
 other appears from a letter written to me by Dr. Lietch 
 in the October of 1872 : 
 
 In 1852, '53, and '54, when your husband was at work on 
 " Thorndale," I saw much of him ; the old felled spruce-tree, 
 converted into a rude seat on the hill of Faw Park, is still, or 
 was last year, in existence, on which we often sat and talked of 
 many things, which, when " Thorndale " was published and sent 
 to me by him, were vividly recalled to me. At that time there 
 was something of Clarence in him, something (at times much) 
 of Cyril, occasionally gloomy flashes of Seckendorf, and fre- 
 quently " the perfect tranquillity with which the poet would ad- 
 mit, on some most momentous subjects, his profound ignorance." 
 The " wistful perpetual argument " which was his life was then 
 going on with incessant energy, and was more visible to me 
 then than during the last twelve or fifteen years of his life, 
 when I saw less of him, and when, indeed, your presence and 
 love had silenced many conflicts, and reconciled him to many 
 doubts and difficulties in this incomprehensible world. 
 
 Several summers had now been spent at Portinscale, 
 a pretty hamlet within a short walk of Dr. and Mrs. 
 Leitch's cheerful and kindly home ; but in 1856 an at- 
 tractive row of new lodging-houses, and the close vicinity 
 of the very excellent library that the town of Keswick 
 possesses, induced William Smith to move to 3 Derwent- 
 water Place. And there, in a light, pleasant, three-win- 
 dowed room, with peeps of lake and mountains, " Thorn- 
 dale " was getting finished. 
 
 There is not a word of outward event to add to this 
 brief story of retirement from the world. For these six 
 or seven years the action halts. But we must dwell a lit- 
 tle on the significance of this most characteristic phase of 
 the man's life. 
 
- WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 We may say that of the two worlds, the active life 
 of society, and the life of thought alone with nature, in 
 the former he felt himself helpless, incompetent, astray ; 
 while in the latter he was free, at home, and strong. His 
 unfitness for active society was partly real, as judged by 
 ordinary standards, and partly lay in the distance between 
 his fastidious ideal and the possibilities of actual exist- 
 ence. Others thought him a success where he recognized 
 hardly more than failure. He was considered a delight- 
 ful companion in that social intercourse where he thought 
 himself out of his element. In his Corn-law speech, with 
 the mastery over a rebellious audience, we have a distinct 
 glimpse of robust and masculine power ; here seem to be 
 " the wrestling thews that throw the world." Yet on the 
 whole there is hardly a greater disqualification for success 
 in the world of social activity a world whose perpetual 
 law is compromise than the disposition which inexora- 
 bly craves the perfect and ideal good. That disposition 
 was in this man's life-blood. Perfection there is in the 
 beauty of nature and to that he turned as his abiding- 
 place. To find the perfect, the absolute, is the very busi- 
 ness of pure thought, and to that business he could 
 wholly surrender himself. With Emerson he might have 
 said " Good-by, proud world, I 'm going home ! " And 
 Emerson's words of himself (in his journal for 1839) best 
 portray the constitution of the spiritual recluse : 
 
 Some men are born public souls, and live with all their doors 
 open to the street. Close beside them we find in contrast the 
 lonely man, with all his doors shut, reticent, thoughtful, shrink- 
 ing from crowds, afraid to take hold of hands ; thankful for the 
 existence of the other, but incapable of such performance, won- 
 dering at its possibility ; and though loving his race, discovering 
 at last that he has no proper sympathy with persons, but only 
 with their genius and aims. He is solitary because he has so- 
 ciety in his thought, and when people come in they drive away 
 his society. . . . Never having found any remedy, I am very 
 
SOLITUDE. 145 
 
 patient of this folly or shame ; patient of my churl's mask, in 
 the belief that this privation has certain rich compensations. 
 And yet, in one who sets his mark so high, who presumes so vast 
 an elevation as the birthright of man, is it not a little sad to be 
 a mill or pump, yielding one wholesome product in one particu- 
 lar mode, but as impertinent and worthless in any other place 
 or purpose as a pump or coffee-mill would be in a parlour ? 
 
 To the man, and still more to the woman, whose inner 
 fibre is all interwoven with warm and close human sympa- 
 thies, it is scarcely possible to interpret or even hint at the 
 delight which may lie in lonely musing. Says Emerson : 
 " It is strange how painful is the actual world, the pain- 
 ful kingdom of time and space. There dwell care, canker, 
 and fear. With thought, with the ideal, is immortal hilar- 
 ity, the rose of joy. Round it all the muses sing. But 
 with names and persons and the partial interests of to-day 
 and yesterday is grief." 
 
 Lowell portrays Columbus, on the verge of his discov- 
 ery, brooding apart from his crew : 
 
 " If the chosen soul could never be alone, 
 In deep mid-silence, open-doored to God, 
 No greatness ever had been dreamed or done; 
 Among dull hearts a prophet never grew; 
 The nurse of full-grown souls is solitude." 
 
 Yet the name of Columbus reminds us that the great 
 purposes which grow in solitude are fulfilled in society, 
 and that he who saw the new world first with inner eye 
 led the way to it through intriguing courts and mutinous 
 sailors. Moses dwells long in the desert with only God 
 for his society, but he goes forth to be leader and servant 
 of a nation of emancipated slaves. So must it always be 
 with the greatest leaders of men. 
 
 But there are pure and lofty souls who have no vocation 
 to be leaders of the multitude. Their service is humbler 
 perhaps, but they may be no less faithful to their calling. 
 The words put in the mouth of Athehvold speak the au- 
 thor's own heart : 
 
146 WILLIAM SMITH, 
 
 This strange world of ours 
 This dire complexity of pain and joy, 
 . . . this huge world, 
 So lubber great, so intricately fine, 
 Beyond the scope of any single eye, 
 Beyond the skill of any single hand, 
 To scan or regulate, I touch it not ! 
 I cannot frame a happiness for want, 
 Passion, and toil nor fashion creeds for them; 
 I cannot teach, with formal discipline, 
 This many-hearted monster how to live; 
 I cannot fit the singleness of truth 
 To its untold variety. 
 
 Dunstan has his place, and Athelwold has his, and it 
 is all in vain that the former speaks his warning : 
 
 Know this that he who towers 
 Above his kind, nor can be taught of them, 
 Who trusts his faith to solitary thought, 
 Who strains his ear for accents from the skies, 
 Or tasks the wavering oracle within, 
 Shall feed on heavenly whispers, few and faint, 
 And dying oft to stillness terrible ! 
 
 No doubt, too, there is some moral deprivation in the 
 exemption from the trivial labors and responsibilities of 
 domestic and social life. Tennyson speaks truly of 
 
 " The cares that petty shadows cast 
 By which our life is chiefly proved." 
 
 But to every man is set his lot and his vocation, and we 
 can scarcely wonder that William Smith was drawn from 
 the empty form of a barrister's life, from London streets 
 and London society, to the seclusion of the Westmoreland 
 lakes and his own uninterrupted thoughts. Such a retreat 
 might look to those absorbed in the practical service of 
 mankind like a flight from the appointed battle and the 
 manly task. But of active workers our age has countless 
 armies, while the service of the thinker few have the 
 capacity to render. Nor was there in this retirement any 
 shirking of his share in the world's burden of pain. It 
 
SOLITUDE. 147 
 
 was not in his power to much lessen that pain in material 
 forms ; but the sense of mankind's trouble rested on him ; 
 it was that which laid a burden on his mind, the burden 
 with which he perpetually strove. Might it not indeed be 
 his office to find some interpretation of all the pain and 
 sorrow which should itself be some lightening of the load, 
 and give some guidance and aid toward bearing it ? Some- 
 thing like this, we shall find, was indeed a part of his con- 
 tribution to the common cause ; and it was a contribution 
 he could only make when so far withdrawn from the im- 
 mediate pressure of the crowd as to get in broader view 
 and truer perspective the movement of the throng, an 
 oppressive jostle to those in its midst, perhaps a trium- 
 phant march when viewed from some serene, distant 
 height. 
 
 So far from being an idler, he was one of the busiest 
 of men. His work was of the kind which is never laid 
 aside. It was with him while his eyes rested on the land- 
 scape, and when in the night he woke from sleep it woke 
 with him. He was essaying a task as great as man can 
 set before himself, to learn, so far as may be, the plan 
 of this universe. None knew better than he how far that 
 aim soars beyond the possibilities of full realization. But 
 in the unremitting exploration lay a fascination and a pro- 
 found delight, as well as a noble sadness. Hours there 
 were of joy in the perception of some truth, the harmoniz- 
 ing of old contradictions, the rapt contemplation of ineffa- 
 ble realities ; joy like that of 
 
 " Some watcher of the skies 
 When a new planet swims into his ken." 
 
 And meanwhile, month by month, the book was growing 
 under his hand, the chart that registered his discoveries 
 and his perplexities ; the flags planted on new islands ; the 
 signals and memoranda for future explorers who should 
 push farther the quest. How dear to the author is the 
 
148 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 book as it slowly matures in his brain, slowly shapes itself 
 in visible form ; what sacred gestation, as of the child 
 nourished by all finest distillation of its mother's frame, 
 her long-prepared, supreme gift to the world ! 
 
 Other work there was, less arduous ; the series of con- 
 tributions to " Blackwood " went on without interruption, 
 some four or five a year ; reviews of works on meta- 
 physics, poetry, biography, natural science, law. There 
 is one paper in August, 1851, on " Voltaire in the Crystal 
 Palace," which greatly tempts to quotation. It is the im- 
 aginary comments of the shrewd worldling, as he strolls 
 through the great exhibition, and surveys the material 
 trophies of the century. The vein is altogether charming ; 
 with rapid, penetrating glance at social and industrial 
 problems ; with satire for follies of the day, and through 
 all the amiable temper which befits a holiday. It is " the 
 philosopher at the fair ; " the large mind looking in 
 kindliest survey on the society from which it stands apart. 
 
 But this isolation deepened that loneliness which from 
 youth had lain upon his sensitive and gentle nature. At 
 heart he was a true lover of his kind. He longed for ten- 
 derness, for communion. Some subtle withdrawal, some 
 invincible reserve, held him as if in a crystal prison, 
 through which he looked with yearning eyes to the fair 
 forms of humanity, on which his hands could not lay hold. 
 The quotations we have given from his early poem, " Sol- 
 itude," show something of the perpetual revulsion from 
 the mind's delight in its visions to the heart's ache in its 
 loneliness. It is the household atmosphere which makes 
 the shrine of human happiness. From its warmth he was 
 quite apart, from the clinging hands of little children, 
 from the tender cares which solace while they task, from 
 the pure blessedness with which husband and wife look 
 into each other's eyes. It was a characteristic completion 
 of his isolation that he had not the society of animals, 
 he did not like dogs. One wishes for him in his solitary 
 
SOLITUDE. 149 
 
 rambles at least the companionship of a faithful four- 
 footed friend, to break in upon his master's reverie 
 with a nose thrust lovingly into his hand, or draw a smile 
 to the abstracted face as he plunges into some doggish 
 delight of frolic or exploration. The winter visits to 
 friends there were indeed, and even in the summer some 
 occasional brief companionship. But how alone the man 
 seems ! What waste of a heart that might enrich some 
 other ! What starvation of a nature formed for the full, 
 glorious estate of love ! Can Heaven do no better for its 
 creature than this ? 
 
CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 APPROACHING UNSEEN. 
 
 IN the years when William Smith was " a fair yellow- 
 haired child, with great black eyes full of the new joy 
 and wonder of life," another child's life began. A young 
 Scotch physician had gone into Wales to push his for- 
 tunes, and there found a wife. She was of an old Welsh 
 family, of higher social station than his, and her relatives 
 were slow in becoming reconciled to her marriage with a 
 young doctor without advantages of rank or wealth. But 
 he had the force of brain and of character to win his way 
 in the world, as he had won his wife. He practised his 
 profession for some years in Chester, and finally settled in 
 Wales, near Denbigh, in a lovely home which was named 
 Dolhyfryd, " Happy Valley." Here in 1818 Lucy Caro- 
 line Cumming saw the light, and here she grew to woman- 
 hood. A sister and a brother completed the family, of 
 which she was the youngest. 
 
 The mother, " a bright, energetic, delightful woman," 
 loved in later years to talk of her Lucy's childhood. The 
 young nature began early to show its quality, swift, 
 vivid, and ardent. At eighteen months the child could 
 repeat a great number of hymns, and at two years she 
 could read in any ordinary book. Before she was ten, 
 she read and delighted in a class of books of which Mo- 
 liere's plays, in the original, is mentioned as a specimen. 
 When she was about ten, her taste ran to theological 
 reading, and she used to discuss these topics with a friend 
 of her own age, being herself a staunch Calvinist. 
 
 But this sort of precocity does not indicate the highest 
 
APPROACHING UNSEEN. 151 
 
 gifts with which the child had been dowered, as if by 
 good spirits, at her birth. One might fancy that the mix- 
 ture in her veins of Scotch and Welsh blood had given 
 her all the intensity and tenacity of the one, the per- 
 ftrmdum ingenium Scotorum, together with the ardor 
 and spontaneity of the more southern temperament. Above 
 all she was rich in capacity to give and to inspire love, a 
 trait involving for herself possibilities almost unbounded 
 of joy and pain, of hope and fear ; while for others it 
 bore throughout her life an unmixed fruitage of blessing. 
 
 Her mother, we are told, used to talk to her when she 
 was a mere child as to a grown-up person, telling her all 
 her troubles and anxieties. Every one loved her, and her 
 old nurse told one secret of the charm in saying, " You 
 can come so near Miss Lucy ! " She was on the friend- 
 liest terms with the po.or families in the neighborhood ; 
 and it is related that in one of these, a child being danger- 
 ously ill, and she having known of it, when there came 
 sudden relief to the child the father's first words were, 
 " Run quick and tell Miss Lucy ! " 
 
 She grew up into most attractive maidenhood, beau- 
 tiful, brilliant, a young Diana in her spirit and her 
 charms. From the age of sixteen she was the object of 
 one devoted attachment after another. But the heart 
 was not lightly to be won in its stronghold. The ro- 
 mances which followed each other did not touch her with 
 their flame, not though she was sometimes sought with 
 so true a passion that two men who failed to win her 
 vowed to be faithful to her memory all their lives, and 
 never married. More than once she acknowledged an at- 
 tachment, and even a charm, in which there seemed the 
 promise of a mutual happiness, but always the tie 
 snapped instead of strengthening ; something proved to 
 be wanting that her fastidious taste, her exacting nature, 
 required, and as she afterward said, " In those days I 
 never met my master" 
 
152 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 There was a young attendant in the family (whose 
 father was in Dr. Cumming's service), a year younger 
 than Lucy, and this Mrs. Jane Browne has written down 
 some of her early recollections : 
 
 You ask me how long I remember her. It is from my ear- 
 liest thoughts, and the love was never blighted. I am sure I 
 can remember many things before I was four years old. I can 
 never find words to describe how beautiful and noble and good 
 they were [the mother and daughters]. Miss Lucy never said 
 anything but what she meant ; and how clever in everything 
 painting, drawing, music, wax flowers. She did not often sing 
 nor play the harp, but Mrs. Wrench [the sister] did, and such a 
 beautiful voice ! Miss Lucy was very clever in making experi- 
 ments with Dr. Gumming, and gathered many fossils. How 
 pleased I was to be waiting on them, seeking and fetching any- 
 thing they wanted. I have now a small work-box she gave me 
 when I was about eight years old. ' She gave me lessons and 
 heard me read to her. I used to do their hair, and assist them 
 to dress, and I never remember hearing a cross word from her, 
 and if any one else did she always sided with me it was al- 
 ways love for my short-comings. She always said, " I wish I 
 had Jane's hair " mine then curled all over, and I could not 
 get any of it straight, and I wished I had hers, which was beau- 
 tiful and worn in plaits. My dear Mrs. Gumming used to enjoy 
 hearing what was passing between us. Mrs. Gumming was very 
 charitable, and every needy one had only to apply to her and 
 was never sent empty away. She took her daughters with her 
 to visit the poor and sick, and I was an interpreter for those 
 who could not speak English. I can remember Miss Lucy's 
 learning to read Welsh, which I could not do then, that she 
 might read the Bible to the aged and the sick. What a power 
 she had of discerning and devising everything in the right way ! 
 She was so just and her judgment so pure, and I can remember 
 well the regard and reverence that was shown her when young 
 in years, even by those who knew no respect of persons. I 
 never could discern in others what she possessed, nor knew any 
 so angel-like or so handsome as they both were. 
 
APPROACHING UNSEEN. 
 
 Miss Annie Clough, another life-long friend, thus pic- 
 tures her in early days : 
 
 It was a summer evening, and I had come from a busy life 
 in Liverpool to pay a visit to Lucy Gumming hi her beautiful 
 home hi the country, Dolhyfryd, about a mile from Denbigh. 
 I found her hi the garden with her mother and friends, and a 
 favourite dog. She came forward to welcome me, and make me 
 feel at home after my long journey. The long, low house, half 
 cottage, half mansion, covered with creepers, and standing on a 
 velvet lawn shaded by trees, looked very inviting and sheltering 
 in the June sunshine. It lay folded round by hills clothed 
 with lovely woods, a stream flowing through the grounds with 
 a murmuring, soothing sound. * After a while we walked by the 
 stream and through the wood, talking of many things. We 
 were both young, and each full of our dreams and visions of 
 the future. Her life was then as a dream of joy and delight ; 
 mine was full of toil and anxiety, and yet the dreams were not 
 wanting. Was it on this account that she was seeking me out 
 as a friend, and trying to cheer me ? We were so different 
 that I felt half perplexed by her advances of friendship. We 
 had been acquainted before, and she knew my family and my 
 brothers very well, and was very sympathetic in all that con- 
 cerned me. The next morning was partly spent in the drawing- 
 room, which was upstairs, overlooking the lawn. It was full 
 of curious quaint old furniture, a great collection of books, many 
 of them rare. Mrs. Gumming, her mother, had her own occu- 
 pations, to which she was much devoted. Her poultry and ani- 
 mals took up her time, and old Betty, the head servant and 
 factotum, helped with the housekeeping. Dr. Gumming, the 
 father, who was a philosopher full of improvements and inven- 
 tions, was generally in his study, or working at the Denbigh 
 Infirmary, which was his great interest and occupation. We 
 had many walks and drives about the neighbourhood. Lucy's 
 brightness, intelligence, and great interest in things in general 
 gave a charm to our intercourse, but I still wondered why she 
 wanted one so serious, and with such strict views of life, for 
 a companion. But we parted friends, for her charm and her 
 grace had won me. 
 
154 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 Afterwards I met her in Chester. To this ancient city 
 Lucy often went, and attended with friends at the balls, which 
 in those days were resorted to by the county families about 
 Chester ; Lucy belonged by her mother's side to these families. 
 I have seen her full of enjoyment and brightness, but sometimes 
 her heart was not satisfied still she was ever a bright orna- 
 ment to the scene. 
 
 She was above the middle height, slender, and " car- 
 ried herself like a queen." Her walk had a swan-like 
 stateliness; and together with this dignity there was a 
 sweetness and sympathy that made the shyest and most 
 awkward person instantly at home with her. Yet her 
 amiability was by no means indiscriminate, and she could 
 be haughty and icily cold in manner. Her head was small 
 and beautifully shaped, and she wore her masses of dark 
 hair coiled around it. Her face was delicately oval ; the 
 eyes dark gray, large, and intent. Her skin was very 
 fair, and creamy white ; the lips straight, thin, and firm, 
 the teeth very white and even ; a rather pointed little 
 chin. " But no words can convey the charm of her face, 
 the sparkle and brilliancy and bewitchingness of it." 
 
 A life-long friend, afterward Mrs. Ruck, thus describes 
 her in early years : 
 
 I shrink from writing about her, because it is like an at- 
 tempt to perpetuate the beauty of a lovely flower, to paint the 
 glories of a sunset, or to describe the subtle essence of some 
 delicious odour. She knew how to run the gamut of feeling 
 from grave to gay in such a way that one almost laughed and 
 cried at the same time. In the early days of our friendship 
 she was very orthodox in faith, and clung to the evangelical 
 teaching of her youth. We had many a discussion on those 
 points, because no one had ever been able to persuade me of 
 the existence of a devil, or the truth of everlasting punishment. 
 She knew the Bible almost by heart, and has told me that she 
 acquired this knowledge by reading it for hours in a cave by 
 the seaside when she was a child. Her marvellous gift of mem- 
 
APPROACHING UNSEEN. 155 
 
 ory made everything that she had read hers forever. Armed 
 as she was with such a weapon, I fared badly in debate, but 
 her kind heart found some way of reconciling her to my errors, 
 and our differences of opinion never in the least estranged us. 
 As an instance of her powers of memory, I may mention that I 
 have known her, after listening to a French sermon by Pastor 
 Rousel, go home and write it out ; it was afterward shown to 
 its author, who pronounced it to be verbatim what he had said, 
 with the transposition of one sentence. Her love of animals 
 was very great, and they responded to it in the same way 
 that human beings did. I used to listen with amaze to the 
 many things she had to say to dogs, and I have seen her flush 
 with pleasure at the sight of one. To her everybody brought 
 their sorrows and perplexities, well knowing they came to an 
 inexhaustible fountain of sympathy. To one so gifted there 
 came many lovers, and these when rejected always turned into 
 friends. 
 
 Here is a letter, written when she was twenty-nine, to 
 another life-long friend : 
 
 DOLHYFRYD, 1847. 
 
 MY DARLING MARY, I cannot, you must feel that I 
 cannot, tell you how I grieve to find that you are suffer- 
 ing from delicacy which affects the spirits through the 
 health. And yet I don't know that I quite attribute the 
 depression you speak of to physical causes. And I do 
 know that of all explanation it is the most unsatisfactory 
 to the one who suffers. Dear Mary, of course I cannot 
 expect you to leave your kind aunt's care for that of other 
 friends whose power of making you comfortable would be 
 less, only I cannot help thinking that when you are better 
 
 you may still fulfil your promise to the Miss L s, and 
 
 I cling to the hope this gives us also. You who want 
 complete rest, to bathe your very soul in silence and quiet, 
 after all the excitement and long-sustained effort through 
 which you, my precious one, have passed where could 
 you find such quiet more absolute than here ? in this lit- 
 tle green nest where all day long you would have undis- 
 
156 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 turbed the companionship of your books and thoughts, 
 and mine should be negative or positive as you wished it. 
 I would be a loving presence, darling, not a talking com- 
 panion. And then, am I mistaken in thinking that I un- 
 derstand you and your complex sadness better than the 
 happier, perhaps more healthful, natures around you do ? 
 I experimentally know (and what avails knowledge to us 
 unless distilled from our own heart's blood ?) that depres- 
 sion may be vague and yet most real. I know the mood 
 in which all earth's good and glad things come before the 
 frightened spirit as temptations, and earth's sorrows as 
 despair. And I know that all this may be clouding the 
 life within while droll words are on the lip, and the smile 
 caught from others' laughter is bright and ready. The 
 sense of unreality, uselessness in the past, weakened ener- 
 gies and limited scope for the future of the flowers of 
 one's nature dropped faded and scentless away, and the 
 branches reft of their summer beauty and in autumn bear- 
 ing no fruit. I do not expect this to seem to you rhap- 
 sody artificial, exaggerated. It is one thing to know 
 all this from one's own consciousness, and another to fos- 
 ter the feeling and to yield to its dominion. And I do 
 think, darling Mary, that for you this cloud will be most 
 transient, leaving no token but the rainbow glory and the 
 refreshed and livelier growth of all fair and lovely things 
 within you. I have always the same bright anticipation 
 of the return of one to whom years can work no change 
 in you. I have not forgotten the pretty playful allusion 
 you mentioned in one of your dear letters some time 
 ago. Your image is as engrossing as it ever was, and 
 I feel a sort of conviction that so much true devotion 
 is not to be wasted. And it was more with reference to 
 this than to any future conquests or present admiration 
 that I so much rejoiced to hear from all that you were 
 looking so lovely. I fear illness must now (at least to 
 your own view) have altered you for the present, but that 
 
APPROACHING UNSEEN. 157 
 
 is nothing. Dear Mary, though there is but a fortnight's 
 difference in our ages, still I cannot in your case realize 
 that at twenty-nine youth is fled from you. Early youth, 
 of course, but still enough of youth and its graces remains 
 to give fascination to wit and brilliancy, and irresistible 
 charm to a frank kindness of manner in virtue of which 
 all hearts are yours that you like to claim. You know 1 
 speak now hardly as I should of you to others that I 
 say less than I mean and you are above pretending to 
 think this flattery. There is one point which I am not 
 able by my own experience to speak of, and perhaps I 
 shall disappoint you by my opinion of the value of the 
 intellectual excellence to which you look back as to that 
 which might have been and is not now your own. I think, 
 dearest, that your time has been far better employed in 
 making all around you happy, in writing long letters to 
 friends who warmly welcomed them and counted their 
 pages, in working when others worked, joining readily in 
 the aimless (it may be) talk of morning visitors than 
 it would have been in concentrated pursuit of any accom- 
 plishment, any science. What can a woman do, even if 
 mental culture be brought to the highest pitch ? Are 
 there twelve authoresses of the present day whose fame 
 you would care to have ? Or if, pursuing the studies that 
 attracted your girlish taste, you had astronomy and his- 
 tory at your fingers' ends, do you think you would be a 
 more delightful companion than you are now, with your 
 ready intuition, your love of knowledge, your facility of 
 expression ? I believe you would have lost by the process. 
 To regret that in the years gone by we have done so little 
 toward enlisting habit on the side of good, our real good, 
 on the side of religious duties, self-denying impulses 
 that I can enter into, though I have no reason to believe 
 that you have failed in this as I have done. After all, 
 dear Mary, is it not well that something should teach us 
 that " this is not our rest " ? That we should " begin to 
 
158 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 be in want," that so we may arise and return to One who 
 will see us " a great way off " that our immortal na- 
 tures are not contented with the mortal and the finite? 
 This yearning for something better, something more real, 
 something that we can grasp and make our own I think 
 that though it may sadden us a while, it is the dark hour 
 before day, the promise of an expansion of our usefulness, 
 and the earnest of things to come. I know something of 
 your wish for change of scene, but I have not a hope of it 
 for myself. I know more of your wish for some engrossing 
 study, but then indolence is always fighting pitched bat- 
 tles with this wish, and nine times out of ten it comes off 
 victorious. Have you a thirst for metaphysics ? I do not 
 say this to many, for I can imagine the laughter it would 
 provoke. But in Novalis and Fichte's Idealism, I think 
 one would so rest one's mind from the cares and annoyances 
 of the actual, the things seen and temporal, which like the 
 fogs of our climate hide all the sky and make even the 
 earth dull and dismal. How nice to read those books 
 together, to compare notes we, friends for so many 
 years, and I think understanding each other better and 
 loving each other more on every birthday ! With me it 
 is so. 
 
 To this same friend for whom her prediction of hap- 
 piness was amply fulfilled these verses were sent two 
 years later. They were published in " Good Words " in 
 1861. 
 
 NEW YEAR WISHES. 
 
 Good New Year wishes for my friends ! 
 
 Good New Year wishes truly ! 
 I feel my heart beat high with these, 
 
 Yet cannot speak them duly. 
 The very phrases others use 
 
 Half jar upon my ear ; 
 They seem to miss my inmost thought 
 
 Of blended hope and fear. 
 
APPROACHING UNSEEN. 159 
 
 " A happy year, with many more 
 
 To follow in its train ! " 
 So runs the hackneyed form, as though 
 
 Long life to all were gain ! 
 As though bright suns had only power 
 
 To colour, not to fade ! 
 As though no growth of human flower 
 
 Were fairest in the shade ! 
 
 My many friends, I dare not breathe 
 
 A common wish for all ! 
 A honeyed thought to you or you 
 
 To others were but gall. 
 So different the heart withinj 
 
 The outward life around, 
 You scarcely see the self -same sky, 
 
 Or tread the self -same ground. 
 
 There are who wake from troubled sleep, 
 
 This birthday of the year, 
 To feel their anguish but renewed 
 
 By sounds of general cheer : 
 Some voice is still that greeted them 
 
 On last year's opening day 
 Some eyes that dwelt on theirs with love 
 
 In earth are put away. 
 
 Last year had days and nights that passed 
 
 In sorrow soothed by sharing ; 
 Now there is none to soothe and bless 
 
 By calm and cheerful bearing ! 
 Their eyes may weep in dimness now ; 
 
 No further need for hiding ! 
 Of smiling back their loving flow, 
 
 For fear of loving chiding. 
 
 There are, to whom a cup of joy 
 
 So foaming o'er is given, 
 It seems too full for Life to drain 
 
 It seems as Earth were Heaven ! 
 They fain would fling their weight of bliss 
 
 On Time's too rapid flying, 
 Stretch the glad moments into years, 
 
 And stay the years from dying ! 
 
160 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 There are whom still the Future lures 
 
 From present pastures fair, 
 With promise of a fuller life, 
 
 With whispered " Then ! " and There ! " 
 Their hope-lit "Now" seems cold and slow, 
 
 They pray to Time, "Speed fleeter ! 
 Set, summer suns ! pass, tranquil hours ! 
 
 And make our bliss completer ! " 
 
 And there are others, who foresee 
 
 Throughout the coming year, 
 No rainbow in their leaden sky, 
 
 No special hope or fear : 
 Their morrows tell the tale inscribed 
 
 On yesterday's dull page ; 
 No wayside flower to mark the path 
 
 That leads from youth to age. 
 
 My many friends, how should I find 
 
 A wish ye all might share ? 
 I dare not utter one at all, 
 
 Or only as a prayer 
 That He who knows each spirit's wants 
 
 Beyond my love to read, 
 May mould my wishes to His will, 
 
 And crown them thus indeed : 
 
 May give the lonely patient hearts 
 
 The weight of Life to bear ; 
 May nerve the loving and beloved 
 
 The thought of Death to dare ! 
 Before you all One Presence go, 
 
 To guard and guide you right ; 
 To some, the pillared cloud by day, 
 
 To others, light by night ! 
 
 When she was about in her thirty-sixth year, a sharp 
 change came to the family life. The father was equally 
 generous and unbusinesslike, and the mother too had a 
 large and liberal disposition, without much appreciation of 
 the value of money ; the household went on in a free and 
 open-handed way and thus it happened that Dr. Cum- 
 
APPROACHING UNSEEN. 161 
 
 ming's affairs at last became very much involved. Lucy 
 had hitherto hardly known how things stood, but now she 
 was called into council. When she learned the state of 
 the case, her mind was soon made up. Everything must 
 be sold that could be sold ; her own portion must be given 
 up ; nothing could be kept back so long as a single bill 
 remained unpaid. And so it was done. The lovely home 
 was given up to strangers ; most of its pretty and refined 
 adornments, the wife's diamonds, the old books and pic- 
 tures, were sold. Then, in 1854, they moved to Edin- 
 burgh, and there, on an extremely small income, Lucy set 
 to work to make a home amongst strangers. The art 
 of economy was wholly new to her. The narrow rooms 
 were made to look graceful and home-like with a few 
 furnishings that had been saved from the wreck. She 
 had been in the habit of making occasional translations 
 from the French and German, for her own amusement; 
 now she turned this faculty to account and earned a little 
 money by it. She met with the kindest of helpers in Mr. 
 Thomas Constable, who found work for her among the 
 publishers. She sometimes wrote tales for " Chambers' 
 Journal," but she had no complacency or pride in original 
 work ; it was only, she said, " to turn an honest penny " 
 that she ever did it. She did not care enough for her 
 stories and verses to keep a copy of them, nor did she 
 even keep copies of her translations, though this work she 
 enjoyed. " Debit and Credit " (Freytag's Soil und Ha- 
 ben) was one of her translations, and the rendering of 
 Victor Hugo's poems into English was a delight to her. 
 In Edinburgh new friends soon became devoted to her, 
 including some for whom she had a very warm affection 
 and admiration through life. 
 
 But there were trials harder than those of straitened 
 means. Her father had become entirely and hopelessly 
 blind. Her mother between whom and Lucy the tie 
 was always peculiarly strong and dear was now an 
 
162 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 almost helpless invalid, with chronic and deep depression. 
 To the care of them the daughter devoted herself with 
 her whole heart. She read to her father ; did all in her 
 power to relieve and cheer her mother, from whom she 
 could never now win a smile, so grievous was the gloom 
 which the body's failure had irflicted; husbanded their 
 little income, and increased it as she could by work for 
 the booksellers. 
 
 The family now included a young grand-daughter, whose 
 father (the husband of Lucy's sister) had received a for- 
 eign appointment, whither he went alone, so that their 
 home too was broken up. This little girl, Mary Wrench, 
 was always most fondly attached to her aunt Lucy, and 
 now for several years was for the most part in the same 
 household with her. It is to her recollections, and to the 
 life-long and intimate correspondence between them, that 
 we owe many of the most graphic traits in this volume. 
 She says : 
 
 My aunt was always my ideal, she always seemed to me 
 the most beautiful and the most infallible person possible. She 
 had a way of illuminating everything she spoke of, and making 
 it interesting, and even to a child she would give of her best and 
 spare no trouble. I never cared then for friends of my own 
 age, thinking them so dull compared to what I was used to ! 
 And she made a great companion of me, she had so large 
 and generous and confiding a nature that she could not live with 
 any one without sharing her interests. She used to rely on one's 
 discretion, and made one feel it a crime to repeat anything that 
 could give pain or make mischief. 
 
 How she strove to make ends meet in those days, and how 
 hard the restrictions of small means must have been to her gen- 
 erous nature ! She so loved giving and helping, and wanted noth- 
 ing for herself. And all she gave or did was done in a royal, 
 ungrudging way. She loved to share all she could with others, 
 if she had not money to share, it was her time, her interest, 
 her affections, which she gave with all her heart and at once. 
 She was a most loyal friend, and she bound her friends together, 
 
APPROACHING UNSEEN. 163 
 
 interesting each one in the other, and though amongst such a 
 large band of friends as she had there were those of totally 
 different ways of thinking, she had a marvellous way of fusing 
 them, and making each seem attractive to the other. 
 
 The letters to Mr. Thomas Constable yield some vivid 
 glimpses of her life at this period. 
 
 (1855.) It is very seldom that a delay prefaces a JVb, 
 but do not, and do not let Mrs. Constable, think me 
 ungracious because I return to my original decision. I 
 know that I am losing a very pleasant evening spent with 
 my kind friends, but though my dear mother could not 
 bear to lose me my enjoyment, and I am sure believes 
 that she wishes me to go, yet I could observe a shadow 
 upon her dear face when I went down with my much 
 shaken resolve. And this very evening, when calling 
 upon nice kind people, I was warmly invited to spend an 
 evening evenings to which I replied that I never 
 meant to go out. We do not do anything very well, nurs- 
 ing included, without giving ourselves wholly to it. Nat- 
 urally I was only too fond of society ; and in short, it is 
 best so and I am very much obliged to you both for 
 wishing to give me pleasure. 
 
 (1855.) Herewith comes to torment you Mr. 's 
 
 manuscript. The Messrs. Chambers must be made aware 
 that if they lose it 'tis as much as the writer's life is 
 worth. I send you his innocent letter. Ah, how our 
 small doings and small thinkings dilate when we look at 
 them long, at them only. And how they shrink when we 
 
 compare them with those of others. But good Mr. 
 
 in his glen ponders his hobby till the hills are filled with 
 the shadow of it. But what were life without our hob- 
 bies ? I am very tender of illusions, and your better na- 
 ture is tender of all things. 
 
 (1856.) I have got quite fond of Allonby. My 
 mother prefers it to any place we have yet been at. 
 
164 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 There is not a smart bonnet or hat to be seen far or near, 
 and that is the perfection of a bathing-place in her eyes. 
 Oh, I shall be so sorry to take her back to her prison ! 
 But what can be done ? My father would be so wretched 
 in the country. This long, long holiday has been of great 
 use to her, and we must be thankful for its repose and en- 
 joyment. It could not have been so long, nor could that 
 of last year have been taken, but for my translations. I 
 know that this will be a pleasure to you to hear, and you 
 do not wonder at my having so earnestly longed for and 
 so gratefully received the pleasant work. ... I have 
 been expecting proofs to-day, but none appear. Some- 
 body I hope revises them after me, but I do not trust to 
 any one doing so, instead of me, owing to the prejudice 
 that exists against my handwriting as illegible, which 
 might prevent an efficient comparison of proof and MS. by 
 any one else. There was a long sentence about " For- 
 gram " (the words were " for years "), and the printer, to 
 make it all fit in with his preconceived notions, had al- 
 tered " which " to " who," and made quite a consistent 
 passage, with " Forgram " for its hero. At first I thought 
 he must be some German author, and wondered I had for- 
 gotten his name ! 
 
 (Undated.) Last night I heard Thackeray. The per- 
 fect nature, the self-possession, the entire freedom from 
 effort or self-consciousness of any kind, and the musical 
 voice were all so fascinating I could have sat there till 
 midnight. Yet how slight these lectures are ! * A mere 
 pleasant telling of what every one knew. And how sad 
 and hollow the heart feels when he has in his cold, impar- 
 tial *way praised the worst characters, given the devil his 
 due, in short, and brought into strong relief the failings of 
 the best. I can't define the impression he made upon me. 
 Yet surely all who heard must have left the room utter- 
 ing from their hearts' depths the old expression, " Vanity 
 of vanities, all is vanity ! " 
 
 1 The lectures on the Four Georges. 
 
APPROACHING UNSEEN. 1G5 
 
 (1856.) Will you think me odiously egotistical for 
 sending you this scrap just when you are setting out and 
 have your hands so full ? I want your kind sympathy for 
 two minutes, that is all. No one knows how much hope 
 they have of anything till the hope be taken away. I 
 thought myself prepared for this, yet had I been so I 
 should not have that serrement de coeur which in my case 
 won't bring a tear, but which makes me wish for them. 
 Well, these small things too are all ordered for us. How 
 my paths have been hedged up ever since I could walk 
 alone ! How many fair prospects I have seen shut out ! 
 The hope of work which had replaced the hope of happi- 
 ness must be given up, like it. I am sure it was not ill 
 done yet had they thought it well done they would have 
 qualified the refusal by some nice courteous fayon de par- 
 ler. However, though this be a heavier trial than you can 
 guess, you will like to know that I am quite sure it is all 
 right, and part of the discipline to which I desire to com- 
 mit myself for oh, how I need discipline as well as de- 
 liverance ! 
 
 (1856.) Very soon you will be out of all reach, but 
 while still in Thistle St. 1 will make my appearance 
 every now and then and insist upon a hearing. I want to 
 
 know whether is going with you. How charming to 
 
 escape a little from that stormy wife of his. Now does 
 not that give you a shudder ? " Good heavens ! Did I 
 ever tell that indiscreet woman of my dear friend's home 
 cross ? Perhaps she has told half a dozen people." No 
 such thing. I am discreetly indiscreet, and a safe repos- 
 itory for many a secret. . . . My tale was but a short 
 affair, and my sister having read it decides that it is too 
 true to life, too simply and undisguisedly portraiture, to 
 be even offered to any magazine. 'T is but a little thing, 
 and I believe I shall tear it up. " Household Words " 
 would reject it as too religious in tone at all events. But 
 I am sure it has no merit, no piquancy, no plot, and I 
 
166 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 know now what I always believed, that I have no talent 
 for fiction. 
 
 (Undated.) Mr. Constable, dear Mr. Constable, you 
 are really vexed with me ? Oh, how I shall hate all books, 
 all miscellanies, translations, and literature, if you take a 
 dislike to me, and quarrel with me ! What if I said I 
 liked you a little less because you had said this or that ? 
 I like you so much, I value your friendship and kindly 
 interest so much ! You will not withdraw them ? You 
 see it 's all so new to me. And I dare say I am foolishly 
 sensitive, proud, vain. But never mind, please ! After 
 all, what did I say ? That you had been fickle about the 
 poor dear book which I wish I had never seen ! Why, 
 you are mortal you must have faults. I don't know 
 what they can be, if you were not fickle about that book. 
 I hold to that point ! You know 't is an admitted fact 
 that no one is faultless. Pray, pray, don't write me as if 
 seriously vexed ! I say a good deal in half -play, and I 
 never thought you would have taken my note as really 
 meaning any more than it did. You will not dislike me ? 
 I have so much to sadden me. I have been doing Perthes, 
 and oh, if it will but do ! Will you not come and see me, 
 and let me read it you some day soon ? You and Mr. 
 Gordon made me a very kind offer, I know. And if you 
 don't come soon and tell me you are not vexed, I '11 accept 
 it, write a true fiction, and you shall lose horribly by me. 
 
 For the sake of a familiar picture of the Edinburgh life 
 from her own pen, we may here run a little ahead of our 
 story, and give a letter to her niece written in the autumn 
 of 1857. She had just returned from a visit to the west 
 of Ireland, in which the mother's health and spirits had 
 greatly improved. 
 
 I have really longed to write to you for the last fort- 
 night, especially since our arrival in these familiar quar- 
 
APPROACHING UNSEEN. 167 
 
 ters, but I have been too busy to sit down for half an 
 hour. I thought you would be disappointed rather than 
 pleased by a short letter. First of all, let me commend 
 your unassisted and successful packing efforts. The 
 Gran's best bonnet has emerged unscathed from its prison, 
 and things in general " turn up smiling." The unpacking 
 is no light undertaking, with the arrangement, into one 
 chest of drawers, of what we need for winter wear, and 
 the shutting up in boxes of what we do not need. I have 
 not yet emptied all our packages, but I think I shall go 
 to sleep to-night with a sense that a place has been found 
 for everything, and that everything is in its place. My 
 dear, order is essential to happiness, and happiness is 
 essential to good nature, which makes the happiness of 
 others, and so let you and me try hard to keep our drawers 
 neat. To both an irksome task, but to you far easier 
 because no fatal habits have coiled with strong hold round 
 your young nature. Habits, however, are coiling, day by 
 day, and I rejoice to believe that you are really desirous 
 they should be good habits. 
 
 Perhaps your Gran told you that at Carlisle I had so 
 overpowering a headache, and was so violently sick, that 
 to proceed was out of the question. It was the second 
 sick headache I have had in my life-time, and when I think 
 how often your poor dear mamma suffers from these pros- 
 trating attacks, I do feel as if one could never sympathize 
 enough with her on that score. Was it not charming to 
 save by our avoidance of the cruel express, by which your 
 G. P. [grand per e] whirled off, more than enough to 
 cover our delightful beds and good breakfast at that 
 pleasant County Hotel which you well remember? The 
 following morning we went to the cathedral, which is 
 beautiful, but far less so than Chester ; were in time for 
 the service, and then prowled in the market-place, where 
 a charming second-hand bird-cage was sought ; and looked 
 into shops, where Gran had to be forcibly withheld from 
 
168 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 buying ine gloves and a new brush, and where she invested 
 in a few pins and needles, firmly persuaded they were 
 better than in Edinburgh ! We had no fellow-travellers 
 to or from Carlisle, and at half -past eight our cabs Mary, 
 luggage, and Poll in one, we in the other stopped at No. 
 1, and Irish Mary came out to meet us. Oh, my child, 
 what an awkward giantess it is ! How she can ever be 
 made to look neat or taught the proprieties of waiting- 
 maid life I do not know. My heart sometimes sinks, I 
 confess, but Gran is full of hope, and rejoices in her 
 Hibernians. Biddy, nice old soul, bore her journey 
 admirably ; they actually stumbled upon a Bundoran man 
 in Glasgow, and in short nothing could be more pro- 
 pitious than their journey hither. Our room looked very 
 nice and comfortable, and Gran at once declared herself 
 reconciled to No. 1. The following morning she was up 
 with the dawn, intent upon going out to buy a cage for 
 Poll, who was fast pulling his travelling van to pieces. 
 So we were dressed and ready to set out before ten, when 
 dear Mr. Constable arrived. In his kind welcome, he 
 first took both my hands, patted me on the back, and 
 finally kissed me, which seemed quite natural. I declare ! 
 He could not stay long, but he asked me to dine there on 
 Monday, to meet three clever men, without their wives, 
 Mrs. Constable and I to be the only ladies. I told him 
 he would spoil his party, for men discuss all subjects more 
 freely together, and generally feel themselves obliged to 
 
 talk down to women, as that odious K talked down 
 
 to the children, you remember. I 'm not sure I shall go. 
 I should like to listen unseen, but I should be too conscious 
 we were spoiling their enjoyment to derive any myself. 
 
 You should have seen your Gran in the bird-shop! The 
 man there was after her own heart, and so were his feath- 
 ered family. A large black cat strolled in, and he told us 
 that Charlie such is the pleasing fellow's name is left 
 with the birds day and night, na}% that he will go and 
 
APPROACHING UNSEEN. 169 
 
 catch a mouse in their cages without touching a bird. 
 Before he came to this sense of duty, however, he ate about 
 five pounds' worth, and had many and severe burnings of 
 the nose and other chastisements. Your aunt was thrown 
 into a moralizing vein by this singular fact, and could not 
 but think how little we should dare to plead temperament 
 in excuse for sin when even an animal can so put off its 
 old nature and be disciplined to duty. A charming cage 
 was got for Poll, and I wish you could see how ornamental 
 he is, with his scarlet tail glowing through the bright bars. 
 We did a little shopping on our homeward way, and Gran 
 delights in green-grocers, and will, I am sure, be out 
 daily. Your aunt Matilda sent to ask whether she should 
 come Thursday afternoon or Friday morning, but as I 
 expected dear Mrs. Jones I said Friday. However, the 
 evening wore away, and no Mrs. Jones appeared, so I 
 sallied forth, taking Mary with me, and found that Mrs. 
 J. was prostrated by a violent sick headache. Mr. J. 
 showed the regiments of bottles, some to make him well, 
 some to keep him so. You know what I think of this 
 unreasoning faith in doctors, and trust to their mixtures 
 and concoctions, rather than to the observance of the gen- 
 eral laws of health. But rather than diet themselves and 
 take regular exercise people will take medicine to the end 
 of the chapter. Yesterday morning E. came in to ask me 
 to a very gay dinner party, which I declined, but I must 
 make an effort or misanthropy will creep over me. How- 
 ever, I am clearly right to eschew cabs. Poor E. suffers 
 much, and the sister, husband, and children, being ruined, 
 have been indefinitely invited by that most excellent R., 
 who indeed is not the fright I think him if " handsome is 
 that handsome does." We were not out yesterday, it was 
 so wet and wretched, but the day went much too fast in 
 unpacking and arranging, and snatches of reading. I '11 
 tell you of my latest votive offerings, a pretty blue and 
 white knitted short cloak from dearest Mrs. Lyon, for my 
 
170 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 wear, bat I give it to Gran, as it decorates her much ; from 
 Mima and Hessie beautiful black and gold pins, which 
 dress me at once, and dangle and ring in the most en- 
 chanting way, they are a noble votive. From dear 
 Mrs. Jones a bottle of real eau-de-cologne, from the 
 Cologne shop. Mrs. Jones came last night and had cocoa 
 with us. She then took me back to your aunt Matilda's, 
 where I had coffee, and your aunt Matilda and I went to 
 the Philosophical Institution, where a very objectionable 
 man delivered what I thought a trite and pompous lecture. 
 I dare say I was wrong. We have dined, dear Chick. 
 That dark den without a fire is incompatible with appetite, 
 but in every respect economical ! The streets are greasy 
 and dirty ; we think of a cab to do a little calling in. Your 
 Gran wants to get out. She is so well, and so amused. 
 Her activity is tremendous. I must not be too late for 
 the post. Your D. and C. [Debit and Credit], dear, I 
 passed on to Mima, as your uncle B. had given me a copy. 
 All the newspapers I have seen speak favorably, but there 
 will be no profits. 
 
 How the woman reveals herself in this letter! The 
 little things which make up a woman's life, told with a 
 touch so graphic ; the heartiness which gets out of every 
 petty incident its fullest value ; the racy diction ; the 
 love of animals ; the fond, anxious tenderness for the 
 mother ; the swift, incisive estimates of people ; the humor 
 which plays so kindly ; the almost careless mention of her 
 own literary work ; the wise counsel to the young girl, so 
 gentle and unobtrusive, yet weighty, there is a volume 
 of homely philosophy in the little sentence about order. 
 And everywhere, we see a strong and gracious spirit, doing 
 its service and learning its lesson amid the humblest cares, 
 which love and fidelity ennoble. 
 
 A life so faithful and so full as this, shall we expect 
 to find at its heart a contentment with its lot ? Or is 
 
APPROACHING UNSEEN. 171 
 
 there something not given to it, some deep want which 
 being bravely borne prepares for a gift held in reserve by 
 Heaven ? At a later time, the woman gives us a glimpse 
 into her deepest life in these years, she is writing of a 
 time in 1856, when with her mother, improved but not yet 
 restored, she had gone for a while to Keswick in the Lake 
 country. " I remember so well one day that summer ; 
 alone, under the dark shadow of a yew-tree on the hill- 
 side, whence one saw beneath one the rocks and the river 
 of sweet Borrowdale, I remember so distinctly a mental 
 struggle. I never had any other than one ideal of happi- 
 ness, love intensely felt and returned. Do those who 
 really care for love care for anything else ? I never did. 
 But I believed that for me that one ideal was not intended. 
 My life had had its vicissitudes of feeling and imagination. 
 I thought that the future had no great joy for me, only 
 duties. I desired, I prayed, to be satisfied without per- 
 sonal happiness" 
 
CHAPTER XV. 
 
 " THORNDALE." 
 
 THE thoughts long brooded in silence and in solitude 
 were given to the world at last. "Thorndale, or The 
 Conflict of Opinions, by William Smith " was published 
 in the autumn of 1857. This book did not fail of an 
 audience. By its beauty, its profound thought, and its 
 rare union of piety with open-mindedness, the attention 
 of the intellectual world was caught. Eminent critics on 
 both sides of the Atlantic discussed and praised it. The 
 day of its special fame was perhaps brief. But it may be 
 said to have won a permanent place in literature. It was 
 one of those books which exert an influence beyond their 
 fame, which enter as a potent factor into many minds, 
 and find at least a few devoted and life-long lovers. As 
 a mirror of the higher phases of the age's thought, it may 
 have in after times a monumental significance. 
 
 " Thorndale " is a book of some six hundred pages. The 
 closeness of thought in every paragraph, the wide range 
 of topics, and the subtle interblending of diverse elements 
 make it an almost hopeless task to justly epitomize its 
 contents. Yet it is a book which needs both interpreta- 
 tion and comment. 
 
 Its most distinguishing characteristic is the union of 
 the religious temper and the finest sensibility with an im- 
 partial, receptive attitude toward the most various theo- 
 ries of the universe. Materialist, theist, Catholic, and 
 evolutionist receive an equally candid hearing. The ver- 
 dict on some points and those sometimes of the highest 
 interest appears to be left undecided. 
 
" THORNDALE." 173 
 
 The work to which the reviewer is called is to resolve 
 and recombine the elements of the book ; to distinguish 
 between its substantial contribution to thought and those 
 traits which are wholly subjective and personal ; and to 
 trace the lines of a harmony arising out of the conflict. 
 To do this seems to be in fulfilment of one of the book's 
 closing suggestions ; " I think I could have brought into 
 harmony what seems at first a mere conflict of opinions, 
 and shown that every genuine utterance of thought, 
 whether from Cyril or Seckendorf or my poor friend 
 Montini, might have some place assigned it in a large and 
 candid view of our progressive nature, and the position 
 we, in this century, occupy in the great drama of human 
 history." 
 
 Clarence, who utters this sentence, with Cyril and Seck- 
 endorf whom he mentions, and the Charles Thorndale to 
 whom he speaks, are the chief personages in the story. 
 Cyril is the representative of youthful doubt passing into 
 fervent Catholic piety ; Luxmore embodies the poetic, im- 
 aginative temper, unconcerned about creeds ; Clarence, a 
 landscape painter, is the sweet-natured and rational en- 
 thusiast for human progress; and Seckendorf by no 
 means the least attractive figure is a robust German- 
 English physician, who voices " the spirit of denial " 
 incredulous of spiritual entities and social Utopias, but 
 with a vigorous grasp on the present concrete world. 
 Thorndale writes in the first person ; the book consists of 
 his Diary, some chapters of reminiscences, a series of dis- 
 cussions among the group of friends, and an expanded 
 statement of belief by the one to whom Thorndale inclines 
 most favorably. Thorndale's slight autobiography bears 
 small resemblance to the history of William Smith. But 
 the opinions which Thorndale expresses as his own may 
 be taken with little qualification as those of the author. 
 The various speakers are also in the main personifications 
 of different phases of the author's own thought. It is 
 
174 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 the debate in his own mind which he pictures in the form 
 of conversation in the Khigi inn or by the lake side. We 
 have to look below the surface of the book's narrative, to 
 find the real clue to the progress of the thought, and then 
 to construct for ourselves a synopsis of the results reached. 
 The proper starting-point is the story of Cyril, which 
 we have ventured to take as representing in its early por- 
 tion the experience of William Smith, and as such have 
 already quoted. It is the natural starting-point of a mind 
 bred under a dogmatic Christianity, and roused to in- 
 quiry. But, for the next step, we are not to follow Cyril 
 into the Catholic Church, but to accompany Charles 
 Thorndale as he wanders through England in his youth 
 a disappointment in love serving in the story to send him 
 forth into the world. He sees and ponders the miseries of 
 the poor. 
 
 I am passing along a highroad. It is in the north of England, 
 amongst some of the most beautiful scenery we possess. A 
 stone wall skirts the road, just high enough, as is so often the 
 case, to conceal all the prospect from the pedestrian. . . . 
 
 Within that wall, pacing the soft turf by the margin of the 
 lake, or standing in mute contemplation of the scene, was a 
 gentle lady, who, from the studied simplicity of her dress, evi- 
 dently belonged to the Society of Friends. She was absorbed 
 in the beauty around her. One felt that her spirit reflected all 
 the peace and serenity of the scene. Placid, contemplative, 
 pious, I could almost read her thoughts. " Will heaven be very 
 unlike this ? " I hear her murmur to herself. " Can it be 
 very much more beautiful ? Can I, should I, hope for a scene 
 more lovely to meet the angels in ? " Such, I feel persuaded, 
 must have been the tenor of her meditations. 
 
 Without that wall, on the hard highroad, came by, at the same 
 time, a cart drawn by a miserable horse. It came slowly 
 enough, yet clattered noisily along, as the wide shafts swayed to 
 and fro against the sides of the starved beast that drew it. Be- 
 side the cart walked a ragged woman. With one hand she held 
 on by the shaft, that she might be partly dragged along ; the 
 
" THORNDALE." 175 
 
 other and disengaged hand brandished a stick, which descended 
 in repeated blows on the wretched animal. Each blow was ac- 
 companied by foul and odious curses, which, though addressed 
 to the unoffending brute, I interpreted as merely the ungovern- 
 able outbreaks of her own tormented and miserable spirit. 
 Peace, beauty, goodness, were things unknown to her words 
 for which she had no meaning. 
 
 And this, too, was woman ! The same clay of humanity had 
 been moulded thus, and thus ! Both women, both walked 
 through the same scene, at the same hour. The one needed but 
 the companionship of the pure and holy to feel that she was 
 already in heaven ; the other if such a thing will bear the nam- 
 ing W as walking through this paradise very like a soul in hell. 
 
 Then, again, I asked myself, Must it be thus always ? This 
 creature of rags, and pain, and curses, has become what she is 
 by no natural eccentricity of character. Why could not both 
 have been gentle, refined, pious, cultivated ? (Pages 101 103. 1 ) 
 
 ... I sat down under the portico of a church in Regent Street ; 
 a place which, at that time, was a good deal infested by loiter- 
 ers of all descriptions. I found myself amongst beggars, itiner- 
 ant venders of knives and slippers, women with large pieces of 
 wash-leather displayed for sale, Italian boys with their images, 
 and the like. It was November ; I had on a travelling cloak 
 and cap ; I was probably taken for a foreigner. . . . 
 
 Out there in the street before me rolled by carriage after car- 
 riage elegant equipages, as they are called. How very pal- 
 pable it became to me, as I now sat here on the pavement, that 
 those who looked out of carriage-windows regarded us as a quite 
 different race of beings, as quite out of the pale of humanity. 
 Evidently the dogs in the street, the lamp-posts on either side 
 of the way, or the heaps of mud scraped up for the scavenger's 
 cart, were just as likely to occupy their thoughts as the human 
 group to which I then belonged. The lady and gentleman who 
 walked past us, with stately or with careless step, were equally 
 indifferent. Unconscious they of our presence, unless as obsta- 
 cles in the path, to be especially avoided. We were at their 
 feet, but far beyond their vision ! Soh ! thought I this it is 
 to sit on the lowest round of the ladder. It is well to try the 
 
 1 The references are to the pages of the second (or third) edition. 
 
176 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 place. How very near the dirt we are ! What if this were 
 verily my position in society ? I imagined for the moment that 
 it was, and identified myself with these children of the streets. 
 
 I learnt something from my new position, and the novel 
 society around me. I felt that the passionless neglect of our 
 superiors was returned by us with something far more energetic. 
 You simply pass us by ; you have no hostility, nor dream of ex- 
 citing it ; you think no harm, you would not hurt us no, nor 
 would you hurt the crawling toad upon your path ; you avoid us 
 both, and for the very same reason the contact would be dis- 
 agreeable. Simply you do not love us this is the extent of 
 your feeling ; but ours ? I detected that we return neglect 
 with hate ! . . . 
 
 A coarse fellow stands near me. A gentleman with his dog 
 passes. The dog thinks proper to assail the man does not 
 bite, but barks, as if he was very much disposed to do so. The 
 gentleman calls off his dog chides and reproves the animal 
 but, as the manner of the English gentleman is, he does not cast 
 a look, a glance, apologetic or otherwise, upon the man ! All 
 passes as a breach of discipline on the part of the dog. But the 
 man followed not the dog, but his master followed with a 
 scowl that made my blood run cold. " Our turn may come one 
 day," he muttered between his teeth, " and then ! " some hor- 
 rible imprecation was lost in the jostle and turmoil of the street. 
 
 Without a question, we of the pavement, if we had our will, 
 would stop those smooth-rolling chariots, with their liveried 
 attendants (how we hate those clean and well-fed lackeys!) 
 would open the carriage-door, and bid the riders come down to 
 us ! come down to share good heaven, what ? our ruffianage, 
 our garbage, the general scramble, the general filth. 
 
 " War to the knife rather ! " they of the chariots would ex- 
 claim. " War to the death rather than this ! " and with good 
 reason. Meanwhile they ride there softly, thinking no evil 
 thinking very little of anything at all. (Pages 109-111.) 
 
 These pictures best indicate the change of view that 
 comes to the young and ardent spirit, which at first was dis- 
 tressed about its own salvation, and dismayed by the in- 
 trusion of doubt between itself and its God. The doubt 
 
" THORNDALE:' 177 
 
 is not at once dispelled ; the vanished God does not clearly 
 reappear. But there has been a diversion and a broaden- 
 ing of interest. The immediate wants of others, the press- 
 ing and momentous problems of this human society, have 
 aroused his sympathies and his thoughts. And when he 
 reverts to the earlier questionings, it is by another ap- 
 proach. The problem of his own soul has become the 
 problem of the whole. The fortunes of the human fam- 
 ily, what have they been, what shall they be ? Do they 
 move forward toward propitious consummation, or circle 
 in stationary eddies ? This life of the race, this frame- 
 work of nature in which it is set, are the manifestations to 
 us of the Supreme Power ; in what aspect do they dis- 
 close that Power to us ? 
 
 " God Immortality Progress, these are my three 
 watchwords, these are three great faiths which I desire 
 to keep steadily before my mind. ... I can say and 
 am happy in saying it that these three faiths are mine." 
 So at the last says Thorndale and this may fairly stand 
 as the author's Credo. 
 
 Beyond this, the book leaves us in doubt how far his 
 speculations and sentiments have crystallized into convic- 
 tions. It is evident that he sympathizes with the view elab- 
 orated by Clarence as a " Confessio Fidei ; " yet the im- 
 pression is left that he holds it under some reservations and 
 doubts ; while it wholly omits some of the most momentous 
 topics on which the earlier discussions have turned. In 
 the personal musings of Charles Thorndale, which make 
 up Book First, we feel sure that William Smith is speak- 
 ing from his inmost heart ; but in these we sometimes find 
 uncertainty where the Confessio is positive ; and again we 
 find hopes and faiths as to which the Confessio is silent. 
 And in the discussion among the friends, there are 
 thoughts and sentiments which do not altogether chime 
 either with the Confessio or the Diary, which yet seem to 
 have the stamp of the author's own approval. But we 
 
178 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 have an important clue in the evidence furnished both 
 by his earlier and later writings, and especially by 
 " Thorndale's " successor, " Gravenhurst," as to the real 
 and final trend of his convictions and as to the directions 
 in which he never attained conviction. With this clue in 
 hand, we venture to compile from " Thorndale," and to 
 present with some defmiteness of outline, the religious phi- 
 losophy of William Smith, the philosophy which at the 
 age of fifty he had substantially reached, and of which his 
 later thinking was an expansion. 
 
 This is his corner-stone it is in the words of Clar- 
 ence : 
 
 This relationship of Creature and Creator is the keynote of 
 all my philosophy. I have nothing distinct to teach I have 
 nothing great to hope I can represent nothing intelligibly to 
 myself, unless the reality of this relationship is accorded to me. 
 Not only is this relationship of Creator and Creature the peren- 
 nial source of such religious sentiments as are destined eternally 
 to exist in the human race ; but every intelligible conception I 
 can form of the material world around me, or of my own con- 
 scious being what matter ts, what mind is all my philoso- 
 phy, as well as all my religion, is bound up in this relationship 
 in this belief of an Intelligential Power through whom all is, 
 and has been, and will be. (Page 432.) 
 
 Meanwhile some one asks me, Is it a personal God you be- 
 lieve in ? I can understand no other, I cannot conceive Intelli- 
 gence without personality. But neither am I obliged to make 
 profession of understanding the peculiar nature of God's per- 
 sonality ; nor am I compelled to apply what psychology may 
 teach me of the nature of human personality to the Divine Be- 
 ing. . . . 
 
 To him who is baffled in his efforts to personify God to 
 him to whom the Monarch-Judge upon his throne, with his in- 
 numerable host of angels around Him, seems all too plainly the 
 work of human imagination to him who, when he refines upon 
 his conception of a personal God, finds it melting into thin air, 
 and who, when he calls it back into distinctness, finds it too full 
 
" THORNDALE." 179 
 
 of humanity to such a one I would say, Learu to see in na- 
 ture and man the constant work and vivid manifestation of God. 
 These are the forms in which He has invested himself for us. 
 Look around you you are in the very presence of God. 
 Look within you if you cannot see the Giver, you see in your 
 own life the constant gift. This feeling that you are God's crea- 
 ture so simple as it is is the perennial source of piety, of 
 purest consolations, of noblest hopes. 
 
 The darkest cloud which can pass over a human soul is that 
 which obscures from it the recognition of this great relationship 
 of Creature and Creator. He who has doubted here, and then 
 regained his faith, will feel so singular a gladness that he will be 
 thenceforth almost indifferent as to what else is doubtful. It 
 is in vain you urge the importance of other controversies, he can- 
 not feel their importance ; he leaves your polemics to those who 
 care for them, or need them. He is again in the great universal 
 fold. There is peace and security throughout the universe, and 
 throughout all eternity ; for there is supreme wisdom and su- 
 preme love ruling and creating everywhere. Love and wisdom 
 are but two names for the same thing. We call love by the 
 name of wisdom when it acts ; we call wisdom by the name of 
 love when it thinks and feels. Whatever such men as Cyril, on 
 the one hand, or Seckendorf, on the other, may assert to the 
 contrary, it is not a mere abstraction that is given to us in the 
 human reason : our God is very Being, very Reason, very Love. 
 
 I, too, can recall some miserable moments, when I have 
 walked forth alone under the open sky, and as the winds blew 
 the great clouds along, I have felt that I also, like those clouds, 
 was being borne along by a power as incomprehensible to me as 
 the torment of the winds to them. How terrible, then, seemed 
 the unresting and irresistible activities of nature ! How fearful 
 this prodigality of life ! How fearful seemed the unpausing cur- 
 rent of the generations of mankind ! a stream of conscious be- 
 ing poured out by some deaf inexorable Power pains and 
 pleasures tossed together, flowing tumultuously along. No eye 
 of wisdom, no heart of mercy, presiding over all ; only untiring 
 Power hurrying on the interminable stream. Happily such in- 
 tellectual chaos did not last long within me. Light broke 
 through ; the sun was again in the heavens ; the whole world 
 
180 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 beamed forth with reason and with love, and I found myself 
 walking humbly and confidingly in the presence of God. 
 
 He who believes in God is necessarily an optimist ; an opti- 
 mist, mind you, for that whole of things which embraces the has 
 been, the is, and the will be. I cannot but feel assured that, if 
 the whole plan of our world, as it will finally be developed, 
 could be understood by us, it would be understood as one great 
 and perfect idea. I may not be able to unravel the perplexities 
 which human life, and the social condition of man, present to 
 me ; I may not be able to foresee the future, or to trace the way 
 to happier societies ; but I know, through faith in Him, that all 
 will finally be revealed to be, and to have been, supremely 
 good. (Pages 440-442.) 
 
 The second article of his creed is the progress of hu- 
 man society. He bases the law of that progress, not 
 merely on a wide observation of the world's history, but 
 on the constitution of the individual mind. 
 
 Society is progressive, because the individual -mind is pro- 
 gressive, and here and there one outshoots the others, and leads 
 the rest forward. Thus the law of progress must be sought for 
 in psychology, or the nature of the individual mind. (Page 442.) 
 
 We may look upon the progress of man as ultimately resolv- 
 ing itself into a gradual revelation of truth to the human intel- 
 lect. His advance in knowledge manifests itself : 1. In his 
 increased power (the powers of nature are put into his hands) ; 
 2. In the great contemplation of science the world is seen, 
 admired, loved as the Divine Idea ; and, 3. In that knowledge 
 of Humanity, or of Human Life as a whole, which each one 
 should carry in his own mind, and which should be the fountain 
 source of his morality. If you ask whence this increment of 
 truth which initiates all these progressive movements, I can only 
 trace this mental light, like the common sunlight at our feet, to 
 its source in heaven. Very fitly has all knowledge been called 
 God's revelation. 
 
 Ponder it well : are not our three great gifts, the True, the 
 Good, and the Beautiful, constantly being disseminated by this 
 one process the expansion of the human intellect ? And still 
 it grows 7 it grows ! Is there not hope that a time may come 
 
" THORNDALE." 181 
 
 when all will get their great inheritance their share in these 
 three great gifts ? (Page 33.) 
 
 I can predict the advancement of human knowledge, because 
 experience proves to me that it is the nature of the human mind 
 to advance from knowledge to knowledge. . I can also, and per- 
 haps still more safely, predict the extension of the knowledge 
 already attained by the few to the many, because I see the 
 means in operation for such extension ; and I can, above all, 
 form some estimate, from past experience, of the effect which 
 will be produced on the whole organism of society by this ex- 
 tension of the knowledge and habits of thinking of the few to 
 the many. These are very modest claims to prophecy very 
 limited powers of prediction ; but it will be found that they are 
 sufficient to justify some confident anticipations of the future of 
 human society. (Page 430.) 
 
 The author makes no claim as an original discoverer ; 
 he speaks of Progress as an idea pervading the intellec- 
 tual atmosphere of the age. But he interprets that idea 
 in a fashion of his own. From his survey of the leading 
 stages of the race's advance, we take a few passages 
 among others almost equally striking. 
 
 Man's power of making new combinations of thought, and 
 thus advancing beyond the direct tuition of the senses, is first 
 stirred into exercise by his bodily wants. Apparently no crea- 
 ture has to get his food with such difficulty. These wants 
 prompt his ingenuity, prompt him to self-help, prompt him also 
 (the imaginative being that he is) to wild petitions for help from 
 unseen hands. He makes some rude instrument, he frames 
 some rude worship. He enters, from the same impulse, into 
 art and into religion. We see him at once the most laborious 
 and the most imaginative of creatures. (Page 468.) 
 
 I saw yesterday a countryman leading his horse and cart 
 down a hill. He wanted to rest his horse, and he adopted the 
 simple expedient of putting a stone under the wheel to keep the 
 cart from pressing forward. Here, I thought, was a case so 
 simple that the man might easily have been the original in- 
 ventor. He hardly needed any one to tell him of such an ex- 
 
182 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 pedient. He had seen stones enough on the road, and had 
 noticed them as impediments to his progress. Here he wants 
 the implement ; a stone is at hand, and he applies it. If he 
 wanted still to proceed downhill, without distressing his horse, 
 he perhaps ties the stne to the rim of the wheel, and here is a 
 drag invented. As this tying implies the previous invention of 
 a string or a rope, we have also, in this instance, a rude illustra- 
 tion of the manner in which one invention assists and leads on 
 to another. The more arts, the more probability of new com- 
 binations amongst them. 
 
 Art begets science. You produce a desired effect with one 
 thing, you try another similar thing to produce the same effect. 
 You begin to classify things according to some common effect or 
 property. And then, without being urged by any immediate 
 need, you ask yourself the question, Will this act like that ? will 
 this burn ? can this be eaten ? without having any particular 
 wish to burn or eat it. (Page 469.) 
 
 Those who fail to perceive the gradual development of the 
 higher modes of moral thinking and feeling lose the greatest 
 source of hope we have for the future progress of society. These 
 higher modes will extend, not only by the direct teaching of 
 men and books, and the communication of ideas from one class 
 to another, but also, and mainly, because a greater number 
 (owing to the steady advance of arts and sciences, and a mate- 
 rial prosperity consequent thereon) will be in a condition favor- 
 able to their reception and their development. 
 
 The highest form of pure or simple morality is where the 
 reason of the man chooses and adopts a line of conduct because 
 it is for the good of the whole. Here the reflective man legis- 
 lates at once both for himself and for society. For himself, 
 because the reason, having once approved a certain conduct, 
 must issue a self-condemnatory sentence if a momentary passion 
 obscures the rule, or leads him to transgress it. For society, be- 
 cause he stands there proclaiming a great truth to others, in 
 which all others are concerned. But this legislative mode of 
 thinking is not the first which is developed : it is developed only 
 in a few minds, and not in those till society is somewhat ad- 
 vanced. In no mind does it exist alone, or unaccompanied by 
 other and more ordinary motives of morality. Still it does 
 
THORNDALE." 183 
 
 most certainly exist. It is a grand element wherever it is found. 
 It will always make its appearance amongst reflective minds. 
 Over them the great idea of public good will sometimes domi- 
 nate like a passion. From time to time, and in comparatively 
 dark ages, there have risen eminent teachers, raised up by 
 God, I do not. say miraculously, because, in my conception, 
 all his works are equally miraculous, who have been full of 
 this great idea. Such is the plan of our world. Minds here 
 and there outgrow the rest, and lead them onwards, whether in 
 religion, or in science, or in morals. (Pages 476-477.) 
 
 Man depends on man, and must have morality of some kind. 
 Man depends on nature, which he soon interprets to be a de- 
 pendence upon God, and must have religion of some kind. 
 How these two mutually aid, support, and elevate each other, 
 I shall have occasion to show. It is my belief that no high 
 morality could have grown up, in the first instance, without the 
 aid of religion; on the other hand, religion is but a grand ego- 
 tism, a selfish fear or selfish hope, till it is linked with the love 
 of man, or the genuine desire to promote the good of others. 
 We live more and more, as we advance, under the felt govern- 
 ment of God ; but then we understand that government better 
 as we advance. Obedience to the will of God, and sincere de- 
 sire for the good of the whole, become intimately and insepa- 
 rably blended together in the conscience. (Page 427.) 
 
 We are ultimately in the power of our ideas. These modify 
 our passions. In this or that individual man, the victory be- 
 tween Passion and Reason may be doubtful. In Humanity, as 
 it lives from age to age, the final victory is not so doubtful. 
 Slowly and surely the Intelligence modifies the passion to itself. 
 (Page 31.) 
 
 He illustrates the soul of good in things evil in the 
 case of slavery, and the transition to free labor. 
 
 I have no wish to disguise the harsh nature of this relation- 
 ship of master and slave. But it was what the times demanded. 
 What we see most prominent in all early periods are the pas- 
 sions of war. These, too, have their terrible joy. It was some 
 step in advance when the victor spared the captive to convert 
 him into a slave. A harsh relationship it must have been under 
 
184 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 these circumstances. No equal rights ; labor compelled by the 
 scourge ; obedience prompted by force. Yet the relationship 
 itself modifies, and its harsh lineaments fade away. If the slave 
 is a domestic, some community of feeling and of interest will 
 rise up between him and the family he serves. If multitudes 
 of slaves are herded together, they have a society of their own 
 
 a society within a society. Nature and habit so contrive it 
 that no permanent condition of humanity is without its solace. 
 Harsh enough, however, the relation must still appear to us. 
 But it is indispensable that we note the important part it has 
 performed in the onward progress of society. 
 
 A single tyrant compels thousands to work for him to build 
 a palace, or it may be to build a tomb for him and he gives 
 them a rag and an onion apiece. What seems more monstrous 
 than that these half-naked creatures, who have so much to pro- 
 cure for themselves, should be toiling at an immense pyramid 
 for the dead carcass of a man ? But the natural order of 
 events is often precisely that which, at the first blush, we pro- 
 nounce to be most unnatural ; for we think very mistakenly 
 
 that what is most rational would be first chosen. This most 
 rational thing is just what we have, through many curious paths, 
 to get at. The great pyramid of Egypt presents no very rational 
 or very aminable object to a reflective man. It stands there a 
 most egregious egotism ; at the best, a sublime folly ; an eternal 
 mountain of stone, and this absurd mummy at the core of it. 
 Nevertheless, the knowledge and skill were doubtless very great 
 which this monstrous symbol of egotism was the means of elicit- 
 ing. Let it stand there forever in the desert as a monument 
 of a great era in the progress of mankind. 
 
 Throughout all this ancient civilization, note one thing : The 
 Judge and the Moralist, Law and Public Opinion, all decree in 
 favour of this right of property of man in man. Men become 
 enlightened jurists and profound philosophers, and reason much 
 of the public good and Religion puts on her high moral aspect, 
 and enforces the most equitable and philanthropic maxims of 
 conduct ; but all these generalizations of law, morality, and reli- 
 gion circle harmless around this institution of slavery embrace 
 it, or do not oppose it. The public good requires it, or did re- 
 quire ; its necessity is still believed in. It is written down as 
 
" THORNDALE." 185 
 
 with an iron pen in the table of the law, that man has an undis- 
 puted right to his slave. 
 
 I advance at one bound from the Past to the Present, from 
 the era of slavery to what, so far as the organization of industry 
 is concerned, may be called the era of wages. 
 
 The Many must work for the Few before the Many can 
 work for the Many. And this working for the Few is brought 
 about, in the first instance, by compulsion by slavery 
 which, again, is the result of war the combination of armed 
 men giving to few the power over many. 
 
 It may appear to us that the harsh system of slavery lasted 
 much longer than was necessary, but its necessity as a prior 
 condition to the system that followed cannot be denied. And 
 what system is it that dies out just when we think it might be 
 dispensed with ? How could it be a system, and have all the 
 permanence and stability of custom and habit, and not also 
 manifest this inconvenient and obstinate vitality ? He who has 
 reflected on what we owe to custom and habit will not be very 
 impatient when he observes them still perpetuating some insti- 
 tution long after it has reached what seems to us its legitimate 
 period of dissolution. 
 
 It was only in the city already built and peopled it was 
 only in the already organized community, that the relationship 
 of employer and employed, of capitalist and workman, destined 
 to substitute that of master and slave, could spring up. It 
 would be needless for me to describe what has been narrated by 
 many others, the manner in which free and paid labour was 
 substituted for compulsory labour. Speaking generally, one 
 may say that there grows up in the great city (as descendants 
 of free men and otherwise) a large class who are neither slaves 
 nor proprietors of slaves. Of these some apply themselves to 
 trade and commerce, and enrich themselves ; others, being poor, 
 are willing to enter into their service. Thus the relation of 
 employer and employed would gradually arise, and for a long 
 time coexists with that of master and slave. It would probably 
 soon be found by the enterprising citizen that, even though he 
 could purchase slaves, the paid labourer was more profitable 
 than the slave. The slave must be bought and fed, and was after 
 all an unwilling workman ; it was bettter economy to buy the 
 
186 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 labour only, and labour of a more voluntary character. The 
 improved plan would make its way slowly from the town to the 
 country. The owner of land and serfs manumits his serf, and 
 pays wages to him as his labourer. He manumits himself at 
 the same time from the responsibility of maintaining his serf. 
 But the change of one system for another has never perhaps 
 been effected in the case of land without the aid of cooperating 
 causes, such as political revolutions, or that destruction of the 
 Roman empire which dispersed the inhabitants of cities into 
 the country, and gave both new owners and new labourers to 
 the soil. . . . 
 
 Mark now how, with the proved possibility and establishment 
 of a new system, the moral code of society changes ! Slavery 
 has become criminal. The rights of property have been thus 
 much abrogated, that property in man is gone. To claim such 
 a property is stigmatized as a flagrant wrong ; and society can- 
 not go back to its old code. We call this right to personal 
 freedom an eternal right, although it is comparatively new to 
 us ; for it must be eternal for all time to come. Slavery can 
 never again belong to what we deem the perfect type of society. 
 (Pages 504-507.) 
 
 Out of our present phase, too. something better is to 
 grow, but only through a right employment of this pres- 
 ent : 
 
 And now if this progress continue if the multitude of man- 
 kind should be able to command by their labour those advan- 
 tages which pass familiarly under the names of comfort, compe- 
 tence, civilized condition, and the like, how can I but foresee 
 in this a preparation for a still greater approximation, and a 
 more equal and permanent relationship, between employer and 
 employed ? I cannot but foresee in this power of producing 
 for the multitude an abundance of all the requisites of a human- 
 ized existence, combined with the increasing intelligence of 
 that multitude a condition of things in which this great busi- 
 ness of " food, clothes, and fire " will be conducted in such a 
 manner that want, and the great evil of our present state, un- 
 certainty, will be driven out of the world. Not that I suppose a 
 time will come when men will suddenly say amongst themselves, 
 
THORNDALE." 187 
 
 " Lo ! we have now a productive industry which, if wisely and 
 equitably directed, would suffice to give house, clothing, books, 
 instruction, and the like, to all. Let us then reorganise this 
 industry, that it may accomplish so desirable a result. Let us 
 set to each one a task, and assign to each the conditions of a 
 happy existence." This is wild talk, and shows an utter obliv- 
 ion of the manner in which society progresses, and in which all 
 great permanent changes are effected. The " desirable result " 
 is already in part accomplished, and the part accomplished will 
 gradually lead to such modifications in our customs and rela- 
 tionships of life as will tend to its complete accomplishment. 
 
 Meanwhile all our prosperity and well-being, present and 
 future, , are bound up with fidelity to the existing system the 
 charter we live under the present rights of property. The 
 landlord and the capitalist are as essential to our civilization at 
 this moment as the hand that holds the spade or forges the 
 steam-engine. I would assist in making this clear if it were at 
 all necessary. For not only do I hold this conviction in com- 
 mon with all sober and rational men, in common with those 
 who would smile at my hopes of the future as visionary, but 
 on account of these very hopes, I perhaps hold the conviction 
 with even more earnestness than they do. Everything depends 
 here in England, the future as well as the present, on faithful 
 allegiance to our laws of property. (Pages 508, 509.) 
 
 The merits in the present system, the usefulness of the 
 capitalist and the landlord, are arrayed against the fever- 
 ish impatience of the revolutionist : 
 
 The capitalist does nothing to produce, at least directly, the 
 corn and meat that feed the labourer ; but he is quite as neces- 
 sary as if he did ; for it is he who combines men together for 
 the production of commodities, whether of need or of luxury. 
 If, indeed, men had intelligence enough to form the same com- 
 binations, for the same purposes, without his aid, his office 
 might be dispensed with. But they have not this intelligence, 
 and great must be the training and discipline and elevation of 
 taste before they could possibly have it. 
 
 You complain of the misdirection of industry that the 
 
188 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 workmen are not exclusively employed in producing what they 
 themselves want. Why, this is one of the indispensable func- 
 tions of the capitalist that he employs men in producing some- 
 thing of a higher character or description than could be pro- 
 duced for all ; than could, at least in the first instance, be 
 produced for all. 
 
 And as to the landlord, without him, in some form or other, 
 there would never have been any civilization at all, nor any 
 products of industry beyond the rudest and quite indispensable. 
 To him all refinement is in the first place due. In England, at 
 this moment, if it were not for the landlord, the earth itself 
 would be utterly defaced ; not a tree would be left growing ; 
 nothing but a miserable patchwork of half-cultivated plots and 
 allotments would meet the eye. I need not add that the capi- 
 talist, in his character of man of wealth, performs also many of 
 the functions of the landlord. 
 
 Some one perhaps says, This seems true, but explain to me 
 why there is this contradiction between institutions which are to 
 command approbation, and the plainest maxims of justice and 
 equity. He who sows shall reap ; and we should share alike in 
 what God gives to all. Explain to me this contradiction. 
 
 I both can and will explain it. The maxims of justice, as 
 you call them, and which you adopt as the last general laws to 
 which appeal is to be made, are not the ultimate rules of moral- 
 ity that you take them for. They have to submit, and to be 
 subordinated to, a higher and wider rule. The good of the 
 whole is the paramount, all-embracing law, to which appeal is 
 always finally to be made. The only unalterable law of moral- 
 ity is this, that the good of the whole be secured, at every epoch, 
 according to the existing power and intelligence of mankind. 
 This maxim, that a man should possess the produce of his own 
 labour, or a full equivalent to it, admirable maxim as it is, is not 
 final ; it has to submit to a greater law the good of the 
 whole ; it never has been applied unrestrictedly in any human 
 society, worthy of the name, and never could be so applied. 
 
 All such excellent maxims as express themselves in the terms 
 Equality and Fraternity " Share alike," and " Love each 
 other as brothers " submit, in each age, to different limita- 
 tions and interpretations ; and rights which contravene such 
 
" THORNDALE." 189 
 
 maxims are still preeminently moral rights, if the good of the 
 great organic whole of society require them. (Pages 511, 512.) 
 
 Passing over large tracts of thought, we cite next the 
 development of the religious sentiment : 
 
 It is by the religious imagination through gods and divi- 
 nation and the like that man first starts into intellectual life. 
 What make you of this ? That the intellectual life shall, at a 
 subsequent period, altogether depart from its original direction, 
 and ignore religion ? I, for my part, find that the first dream 
 of imagination is in a line with the last truth of reason. I find 
 the whole series one consistent development. Religion grows 
 with science, and they are ultimately seen to be inseparable. 
 
 What is the theological imagination of early times? It is 
 essentially this that man transports himself into nature 
 endues the great objects or powers of nature with human feel- 
 ing, human will and so prays and worships, and hopes to 
 propitiate, and to obtain aid, compassion, deliverance. Well, 
 this primitive imagination is in the line of truth. We begin with 
 throwing a man's thought there into nature ; we purify and ex- 
 alt our imaginary being; we gradually release him from the 
 grosser passions of mankind. We are, in fact, rising ourselves 
 above the domination of those grosser passions ; and as we grow 
 wise and just, we make the god wise and just, beneficent and 
 humane. Meanwhile science begins to show us this goodly 
 whole as the creation of one Divine Artificer. And now we 
 recognize, not without heart-beatings, that God indeed is not 
 man, but that He has been educating man to comprehend Him 
 in part, and to be in part like Him. 
 
 Are not the Imagination and the Reason here strictly affili- 
 ated ? We begin, as it has been boldly and truly said, by mak- 
 ing God in our own image. What else could we do ? Nature 
 had not yet revealed herself to us in her great unity, as one 
 whole, as the manifestation of one Power. We make God in 
 our own image, but by and by, as our conceptions on every side 
 enlarge, we find that it is God who is gradually elevating us by 
 the expansion of our knowledge into some remote similitude 
 with Himself. He is making us, in one sense, in his own 
 image. This correspondence between the human and the 
 
190 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 divine is the keynote of all religion ; and Imagination, in her 
 apparently wild and random way, had struck upon the note. 
 
 God is making man in his own image, when He reveals to 
 him the creation in its true nature, when He inspires him with a 
 knowledge of the whole, and a love for the good of the whole. 
 But the first step in this divine instruction was precisely the 
 hold imagination by which man threw out into nature an image 
 of himself. The form that imagination threw into the air was 
 gradually modified and sublimed as man rose in virtue, and na- 
 ture was better understood, till at length it harmonizes with, and 
 merges into, a truth of the reason. Was man to wait for his 
 God and his religion till his consciousness, in all other respects, 
 was fully developed ? Or was the revelation of the great truth 
 to be sudden? Apparently not. Man dreamt a god first. 
 But the dream was sent by the same power, or came through 
 the same laws, that revealed the after-truth. Nay, he dreams 
 on still, and reasons on still, up to this very epoch ; and the 
 dream is penetrated by the truth, and the truth is still benefi- 
 cently pictured to him in the dream. Perhaps in religion some 
 floating relic of the imagination will be always with us. Men 
 cannot look upon the sun itself ; and the brightest part of the 
 firmament on which they can rest their eyes is those pinna- 
 cles of the topmost cloud where the light seems to be made pal- 
 pable to us by that earth-born vapour which interposes between 
 us and it. (Pages 528-530.) 
 
 One of the most fruitful and suggestive passages is that 
 which depicts the rise and the usefulness of the idea of a 
 God of Battle, of Terror then a God of Punishment 
 and so of Justice and at last a God of Love. This is 
 the climax : 
 
 Men of passion and imagination, men full of anger, and pray- 
 ing for the destruction of their enemies, enthroned, not without 
 feeling of fierce cordiality, an Infinite Anger in the skies. 
 Afterwards the dark and gloomy throne was gradually shaped 
 into a Judgment-seat, then into a Mercy-seat, but with the old 
 thunders lingering round it still. Without these* there would 
 have been no feared judgment, and consequently no vivid con- 
 
"THORNDALE" 191 
 
 ception of mercy. Love makes its first entrance into our hearts 
 under the name of niercy. The new dispensation under which 
 we are said to live left the old Infinite Anger where it was, and 
 brought forward an Infinite Mercy, forever to neutralize it. 
 
 And now does not something like a climax stand out clear 
 before us ? For how could this great belief in Mercy, which is 
 subduing the human heart to an unutterable tenderness, how 
 could it have appeared in the world but for its antecedents 
 the reign of Divine Anger and of Judgment ? The three great 
 ideas of Anger, Judgment, and Mercy are blended together 
 most conspicuously in our own faith. 
 
 But there is an idea higher than that of Mercy which has en- 
 tered last of all into the world. The word " Grace " not only 
 signifies pardon, but the Spirit of God moving in us to the pro- 
 duction of a new life. I hold this word " Grace "to be one of 
 the noblest, and of fullest significance, that has ever been ut- 
 tered in popular theology. At this point the highest philosophy 
 appears blent in that twisted cord of reason and imagination 
 which binds so many ages together. For is it not indisputably 
 true that God, by his free gift, is creating us, age after age, into 
 new and higher life, and wiser love to man and to Himself ? 
 
 u Throw thyself upon the love of God, thy Creator ! " " Per- 
 fect love casteth out fear ! " These are the last utterances of 
 religion in the most advanced nations of the earth. Add, too, 
 that the perfect love which casteth out fear is the love also of 
 goodness and of man. By no other means will fear be cast out. 
 I speak generally of mankind, or of a society. I say the Furies 
 will live forever in the imagination of guilt or crime. Whether 
 the terror arise spontaneously in our own mind, or descend 
 from tradition, from the imagination of other men, the result is 
 the same. It has been so ordered by God that there is no 
 peace to the heart of man but in the great sentiments of virtue 
 and the love of God. If any man holds that a human society 
 standing where we stand in the progression of ages can es- 
 cape from the fear of God by any other outlet, he must defend 
 his own thesis. I should be a hypocrite, and false to the most 
 irresistible and ineffaceable sentiments of my own mind, if I 
 taught such a doctrine ; for I daily and hourly feel that there 
 can be no peace with God unless there is good-will to man, no es- 
 
192 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 cape from fear but in the sentiments of love and obedience. A 
 people that passed from superstition into crime would inevitably 
 return, passion-led, back to superstition. (Pages 550, 551.) 
 
 We must now revert to the discussions in which Seck- 
 endorf plays a prominent part. The author entitles this 
 section, " Seckendorf, or the Spirit of Denial ; " yet this 
 denier and critic contributes some strong elements to the 
 final and positive result. We must let him speak for 
 himself. This is his general ground : 
 
 I stand here, the advocate for the world as it is, and our 
 faiths as they are. For the world as it is, with its ignorant 
 multitudes and its wiser few, with its passions of hate and of 
 love, its griefs, its consolations, its truths, its errors, and, above 
 all, its great religious faiths, which are rooted in the sorrows and 
 the wrongs of men. I do not ask if these are true ; enough for 
 me that they are here. Iven your Utopian dreams, if I saw 
 that they made ten men happy, should have a place in the cata- 
 logue. I like this wide world. I like the sinner, I like the 
 saint ; I like its uproarious youth and its penitent old age. Nor 
 am I overmuch distressed about the miseries of life. Every 
 creature grows to its circumstances ; the fur grows rough as the 
 climate roughens. This marvellous force of habit is a provi- 
 sion against all fortunes or misfortunes. I have tried it. I 
 Baron von Seckendorf have lived in a garret, on a herring. 
 Not agreeable. But the second herring was very savoury, and 
 vastly welcome. (Page 269.) 
 
 Seckendorf is by no means set up as the advocate 
 merely of false and hateful ideas. A great deal is to be 
 learned from him. This cordial affirmation of large good 
 in humanity's actual present may well win response. But 
 the destructive phase of his thought 'follows close : : 
 
 Clarence. You look upon our great religious faiths merely as 
 parts of life as great delusions, in short. 
 
 Seckendorf. They do not owe their origin to philosophy or sci- 
 ence, so far as I understand the matter. But they are spon- 
 taneous products of the imagination and the passions of men, 
 
" THORNDALE." 193 
 
 which philosophy and science would do well to let alone ; and 
 which that " intellectual progress " you boast so much of would 
 assuredly put in peril. (Pages 269, 270.) 
 
 As to the fundamental question, the being of God, 
 Seckendorf's position is not one of denial, but of inability 
 to reach any clear conception : 
 
 Thorndale. There is at least one great truth that reveals it- 
 self the being of God a truth that rides high in the heav- 
 ens, clear and bright as the sun at noonday. 
 
 Seckendorf. Bright as the sun at noonday ! Is it always noon- 
 day with us, Thorndale ? Is there always a sun in our sky to 
 hide the dark and illimitable space beyond ? Is there not also 
 an infinitude of night and of stars ? And tell me, in the widest 
 view we catch of" the universe is it light or darkness that 
 chiefly prevails for the vision of a man ? 
 
 The existence of God is clear to demonstration till we ask 
 ourselves what conception of God we have attained. Reason, 
 meaning thereby the unity of parts in a whole, adaptation, har- 
 mony, is everywhere apparent ; without it, I suppose, nothing 
 exists that does exist. But the reasoning Being how form 
 this conception ? To me The All seems to be the only represen- 
 tative, for us, of this Reason or Power ; for it is hard to give any 
 name to what transcends all human thought. (Pages 270, 271.) 
 
 Here from another connection is a pregnant saying : 
 
 " I believe," Seckendorf 'would sometimes say, "I believe 
 in God, till your philosophers bring me a demonstration of his 
 existence." 
 
 " And then ? " I said. 
 
 " And then I do not believe in the demonstration." (Page 
 433.) 
 
 Against the belief in an upward progress of society, 
 Seckendorf arrays the evils which attend man in barba- 
 rism and in civilization. 
 
 The steam-engine is the great boast, and fairly so, of modern 
 times ; but follow the steam-engine throughout its whole history, 
 its making, and all the work it performs, and for every stroke of 
 
194 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 the piston there has been the stroke of a human arm, or perhaps 
 the throbbing of some human brain. For when the man has 
 got the machine to work for him, he always finds that he has 
 converted himself also into a machine, and stands by, working 
 mechanically with it hour after hour. No engine has yet been 
 invented which, if it profited one part of mankind, has not also 
 been an engine of torture to another. . . . 
 
 To my mind, one of the saddest spectacles the earth reveals 
 is precisely this : The traveller depicts to me some fertile island 
 in a delicious climate, where the bread-fruit hangs from the tree, 
 where the soft winds are themselves warmth and clothing de- 
 picts to me an earthly paradise ; and the next moment he shows 
 me the human tenant of it, a very child, a simple savage, very 
 little wiser than the fowls of the air, or the fishes of the sea. 
 No progress was made, because the earth "was spontaneously 
 fruitful, and the skies were kind. 
 
 You tell me that man invents marvellous machines that work 
 for him. He cannot ; his machines are only complicated tools, 
 with which he also must continually work. But if he could 
 make the iron and the wood really work for him, then behold 
 the bread-fruit tree is again growing over his head the winds 
 again are clothing him he is again an idler, and crawling like 
 an infant on the ground. 
 
 We labour and we die. Well, but the moralist will teach us 
 how to live the little life we have. If by morality be meant a 
 control of the passions, the teacher has either a very hopeless, 
 or very needless task. Whilst the passion is young and strong, 
 the moralist is not heard ; when it is feeble or extinct, the man 
 can moralize for himself only much too late. Just when we 
 have learned to live, we find that we are dying out ; just when 
 we begin to value this mysterious gift of life, it is taken from 
 us. We leave our place to some puling infant ; " the sage is 
 withering like a leaf." We are mere stubble, and the plough 
 passes over us that a new verdure may spring up. Not a day 
 even of the brief space allotted to us is secure. We tread per- 
 chance upon a rolling stone we breathe an air too keen 
 and there is an end to all. Fool or philosopher, it is all alike. 
 (Pages 303, 304.) 
 
"THORNDALE." 195 
 
 The problem of the individual destiny is interwoven 
 with the analysis we make of the individual man. Seck- 
 endorf takes the materialistic view : 
 
 " Matter cannot think inert matter," as we hear it said, 
 " cannot think." Certainly not. Inert matter cannot move. 
 It is moving matter that moves. It is growing matter that, in 
 the vegetable, grows. If your definition of matter is limited to 
 some one property, which all matter, at all times, displays, your 
 definition cannot help us much. The property of extension leads 
 us no farther than the property of extension. If your defini- 
 tion is to embrace all properties, which matter, at any time, un- 
 der any circumstance, may manifest, mechanical, chemical, 
 vital properties, then it is evident that such a definition must 
 be the last result of all our knowledge. Whether the property 
 of sensibility or feeling shall be added to those already enumer- 
 ated is precisely the question we should have to discuss. 
 
 I notice you adopt the expression so frequently used, the brain 
 is the instrument of the mind. Be it so. But it is an instru- 
 ment of that curious order that takes the initiative. (Page 
 345.) 
 
 Thorndale. If material objects and their relations exist inde- 
 pendently of me, yet my perception of these relations is a power 
 quite my own. There is a power here which lies unseen, behind 
 the vital organism, and makes use of it as its instrument. 
 
 Seckendorf. Its instrument \ This is the favourite analogy. 
 The body is an instrument. Why may it not be the seat itself 
 of those susceptibilities which constitute consciousness ? But if 
 the brain is an instrument of the mind, it is one which, as I have 
 said, takes the initiative. If your analogy be of a musical in- 
 strument, it looks very like the performer. Adopt this last fan- 
 ciful comparison. The vital organism shall be the pipe, and the 
 spirit shall be the breath blown into it. Now, what if the pipe 
 have a rhythmical movement of its own, by which it enlarges and 
 contracts its orifice, causing a sharper or, a lower note at each 
 change, which is the performer, the breath or the pipe ? 
 
 My companion takes a few glasses of wine ; the circulation of 
 the blood through the innumerable vessels of the brain is quick- 
 
196 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 ened (to say nothing of what the champagne or the hock may 
 have added to the blood itself) ; and the processes of thought 
 are quickened too. But they are more than quickened ; they 
 are varied, they are improved. My companion grows witty, 
 cheerful, perhaps eloquent. I listen to combinations of thought 
 which most assuredly but for the wine would not have 
 made their appearance that day. He drinks a few more 
 glasses, and the wit degenerates into nonsense, and the amiabil- 
 ity into a maudlin humour, or the vivacity of spirit into a quar- 
 relsome temper. He drinks still more, and there ensues a 
 complete confusion in all his thoughts : we say he is no longer 
 a rational being. 
 
 Now observe, it is precisely on the succession and combina- 
 tion of our ideas that our rationality depends ; and here you see 
 that these are determined by the physical condition of the man. 
 I want to know what proof you could have more convincing 
 than such a commonplace fact that the vital organism takes 
 the initiative that in its movements and functions, whatever 
 they may be, you have the proximate cause of that succession 
 or association of ideas which distinguishes us as rational beings. 
 (Pages 362, 363.) 
 
 I think one idiot humbles us all. Here, in these beautiful 
 valleys of Switzerland, amongst these sublimities of nature, is 
 born the Cretin. He has, or may have, all his senses ; he .can 
 see, touch, hear, more or less perfectly ; but his brain is mal- 
 formed, or an impure blood deteriorates its growth, or fails to 
 supply some appropriate stimulant. He learns nothing ; makes 
 no more advance than the cattle in the stall ; child always, let his 
 age be what it may. A pious Mahometan would tell us that 
 his soul is in heaven, and on this account would invest the poor 
 creature with a sort of sanctity. A strange superstition ! 
 gentle if not wise. 
 
 Meanwhile the disease of the Cretin is sometimes partially 
 curable. As the physician conquers the malady as a purer 
 blood is produced as this and that tissue is restored or raised 
 to its normal susceptibility lo ! a glimmer of the soul appears ! 
 The Mahometan would, I suppose, tell us that the physician is 
 summoning it from heaven. To the physician it seems very 
 
" THORN DALE." 197 
 
 clear that the animal health he has partially restored was that 
 missing link in the great established order of development, 
 without which there could be no higher thinking than the idiot 
 had displayed. (Page 342.) 
 
 Seckendorf relates some stories from his own life, and 
 among them this : 
 
 It happened that a citizen of Berlin, noted for his wretched 
 and violent temper, finally ended his career by blowing out his 
 brains. He chose a sentry-box in the public street for the scene 
 of this exploit. Though life was extinct, the people neverthe- 
 less carried him into the hospital. I was passing at the time. I 
 had some little knowledge of the man, and, mingling with the 
 medical students, I entered with them into the hospital. The 
 man was quite dead, and a post-mortem examination ensued. 
 An eminent physician, passing through the room just as the 
 operators were commencing their work, said, as he hurried on 
 to some pressing avocation of his own, " Look under the dura 
 mater, and see if there are not some osseous deposits." The 
 operator did not fail to look, and lo ! there were osseous depos- 
 its, " evidently," as they all pronounced, " of a very irritating 
 sort." 
 
 I was struck with this incident, both because of the certainty 
 and precision of the physician's knowledge, and because of the 
 palpable cause here discovered of the violent and ungovernable 
 temper of the unhappy man. I thought that the temper of some 
 other men I knew would be a little more intelligible if one could 
 only look under their dura 'mater. (Page 283.) 
 
 He portrays himself : 
 
 The temperament of a man, the blood that is in him, is apt, I 
 suspect, to overrule his philosophy. If this thinking faculty of 
 mine had been lodged in some slender, feeble shred of a body 
 all nerve and sensibility I should have doubtless taken, once 
 for all, to books and meditation, and laboured, perhaps I also 
 to obtain the reputation of a philosopher. But only measure 
 me ! (and Seckendorf, laughing at his own idea, stood up at his 
 full height) I stand six feet some inches, the naked heel rest- 
 ing on the mother earth. Age has narrowed and rounded in 
 
198 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 my shoulders ; but there was a time when I could have borne 
 off a professor of philosophy upon each one of them. I had the 
 thews and sinews of a tiger ; I could have endured fatigue with 
 a North American savage ; I have fasted for three days, and 
 then fed like a boa-constrictor. Was this the digestion for a 
 philosopher ? Was this the organization for one who asks noth- 
 ing of material nature but a headpiece to think with, and so 
 much animal mechanism as goes to the moving of a pen ? I 
 could for weeks together spend the whole day, and much of the 
 night, in indefatigable study. Then would follow a craving for 
 physical excitement, an appetite for action, quite irrepressible. I 
 would then ride the fleetest horses, urged to their utmost speed ; 
 or I would repair to the fencing-school. The use of every 
 weapon was familiar to me, but the sword and the foil were my 
 favourites. The energetic contest of man with man, some sort 
 of fighting, believe me, comes very natural to the human animal. 
 Foot to foot, eye on eye, stroke on stroke, there is no excite- 
 ment like the combat. (Page 285.) 
 
 We do not attempt to precisely disengage from Seck- 
 endorf 's views the elements which commend themselves 
 finally to Thorndale or the author. But the foregoing 
 may be well accompanied by Thorndale's recognition of 
 the degree to which character is inevitably the result of 
 antecedent circumstances : 
 
 You take a single soul, and tax it with its single guilt. It is 
 right and fit to do so. And yet in every single soul it is the 
 whole world you judge. 
 
 Yes ! it is right, and fit, and reasonable that the man, whilst 
 living with his kind, should be treated as the sole originator of 
 all he does of good or of evil. Cover him with honour ! Stamp 
 him with infamy ! Thus only can man make an ordered world 
 of it. And are not this reciprocated honour .and dispraise, given 
 and received by all, great part of human life itself ? But in thy 
 hands, O Rhadamanthus, judge of the dead ! what is this soli- 
 tary soul? It is but as a drop in the great ocean of life 
 clear, or foul, as winds from either pole have made it. Aye, and 
 the very undersoil on which it lay, on which it was tossed to 
 
" THORNDALE." 199 
 
 and fro, had been broken up by forgotten earthquakes and ex- 
 tinct volcanoes. A whole eternity had been at work where that 
 drop of discoloured water came from. (Pages 40, 41.) 
 
 As to the materialistic theory of man's nature, which 
 Seckendorf presents, the author himself appears unde- 
 cided. He seems to give the weight of argument on Seck- 
 endorf's side ; and in the adverse arguments of Clarence 
 and Thorndale we find nothing so striking as to call for 
 citation in this condensed resume. Yet the author's 
 agreement appears to be with Clarence when he declares, 
 " I am utterly unable to conceive of thought as the func- 
 tion of a material and constantly fluctuating organization. 
 I have no doubt myself of the immateriality of that which 
 ultimately is conscious." He seems at once unable to re- 
 fute the argument for materialism and unconvinced by it. 
 He does not consider that materialism leads necessarily to 
 atheism, or even to the denial of immortality. But from 
 this last conclusion Seckendorf does not shrink, and he 
 states it in the most telling way : 
 
 Do you think that the belief in immortality could last a mo- 
 ment if stated as a bare fact of natural philosophy ? There 
 lies a dead man ! Nature does not revive that dead man. She 
 has a quite different plan. She makes another. He is already 
 here. The living son is carrying the dead father to his last 
 rest. 
 
 You put out a man's eyes, and he no longer sees ; you dam- 
 age his brain, and he no longer remembers ; you kill him out- 
 right, and he is supposed to start up all sight and all memory ! 
 Confess this does not wear the air of probability. (Page 277.) 
 
 He asserts that the theory of a spiritual existence in 
 man, distinct from matter, is only clung to because it 
 alone gives room for the hope of immortality. Thorndale 
 disclaims this bias, and maintains that the materialistic 
 view too permits that hope : 
 
 Seckendorf. Confess, Thorndale, it is not a " scientific ne- 
 cessity," it is not the aid it affords to a scientific exposition, that 
 
200 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 induces you to cling to this spiritual ens. It is a theological 
 necessity ; it is the aid it renders to religion, and^ especially to 
 the doctrine of immortality. You need something to carry out 
 beyond the world, beyond the circle of nature beyond the at- 
 traction of your earth. It is this which determines the complex- 
 ion of your metaphysics ; and let it be so, Thorn dale, now and 
 always. A religious creed is something in the happiness of a 
 man ; a metaphysical system nothing at all. 
 
 Thorndale. I certainly should regret to find myself com- 
 pelled to adopt any conclusion adverse to a belief in the im- 
 mortality of the soul. But if I know myself, this reluctance or 
 recoil has had no undue influence on my judgment here. And, 
 moreover, I will add this, that though the doctrine of the im- 
 materiality of the thinking being lends itself readily to the 
 belief of immortality, or of a perpetuated consciousness, yet ma- 
 terialism itself (to one who believes that all is created by God) 
 is not absolutely repugnant to that faith. The power which 
 created our consciousness here on earth could re-create it else- 
 where. The question, " material or immaterial," may not, after 
 all, be of so much theological importance as is generally sup- 
 posed. For if, on the one hand, matter itself be nothing else, 
 in our last conception of it, than a mode of divine action, one 
 manifestation of divine power ; and if, on the other hand, we 
 cannot attribute to mind, or soul, self-existence, but must always 
 regard it as upheld by its Creator ; it follows that we rest as 
 directly on the power and will of God, whether we call ourselves 
 materialists or immaterialists. If it is a thinking body, and not 
 a thinking soul, that God has created here, He may create else- 
 where another thinking body to perpetuate this consciousness, 
 just as well as He could uphold and transport a thinking soul. 
 
 I can detect nothing absurd in the idea of the creation of 
 another organism to carry on and perfect the consciousness de- 
 veloped here that consciousness which is the great result, so 
 to speak, of the whole world. (Page 354.) 
 
 Clarence suggests that even if this life terminates our 
 existence we have still the ground for gratitude and wor- 
 ship : 
 
 And is it not true that, just in proportion as our scope of 
 
THORNDALE." 201 
 
 thought is enlarged, we must rise into grander conceptions of 
 the Creator, and feel, in the simple fact of being his creature, 
 an inexhaustible source of piety and of hope ? Say that each 
 one of us has but this present life, how great this life becomes, 
 great in its ample vision of nature and of God, great in itself 
 and its own affections, great in its embracing the lives of 
 others ! Say even that our dream of immortality is but a sort 
 of provisional faith, educating and disciplining us for a noble so- 
 ciety on earth (a doctrine I should lament to be compelled to 
 believe) ; say that to ask for the reproduction or re-creation of 
 a given man is to ask for the re-creation of the whole world of 
 which he was a part ; say that it is as idle to wish back the dead 
 as to wish back the roses of last summer ; you still have this 
 living man before you, with all his expanding knowledge and 
 generous affections, you still must admit the continuous growth 
 of this humanity, this greatest creation of God, the sum and 
 climax of all else we call creation. (Page 485.) 
 
 And the poet Luxmore dwells on the idea of a delight in 
 the spectacle of the world, and in the sense of existence, 
 independent of any aspirations for individual perma- 
 nence : 
 
 I see the poet ; I see him lying by the borders of his lake. 
 . . . But mountain and shadow, and lake and tree, are all for 
 him, for him. These wonderful creations of unconscious space 
 are born again, and have their full and complete existence in 
 the poet's mind. For him, and in him, all this beauty lives. 
 The mountain becomes a grandeur only in his thoughts ; as it 
 exists in the unconscious air, it is mere bulk and measurement. 
 I see my poet, leaning on the moss-covered rocks, looking at it 
 all aslant. And hosts of little wild-flowers are peeping into his 
 eyes. They, too, would live ! They, too, will become a con- 
 scious loveliness if he but looks on them. He does look. Every- 
 thing in creation has its accomplished and exalted being in the 
 consciousness of man. If the silent waters move mystically, 
 if the murmuring waters murmur peace, if the torrent and the 
 waterfall speak of power, it is only as they flow and murmur 
 through his thoughts. In him they become mystery, and peace, 
 and power. 
 
202 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 But the poet departs. He vanishes like the mist ; he 
 withers like the. leaf. Aye, but another and another poet will 
 lie on those moss-covered rocks. This living man will transmit 
 his life. He will improve it before he transmits. His life is 
 always the greater in just such proportion as he can feel him- 
 self one in the great whole of humanity. (Pages 376, 377.) 
 
 But Luxinore himself immediately renounces this self- 
 renunciation : 
 
 After a pause, in which Luxmore had been busily occupied 
 in cleaning and loading a brace of pistols, he broke out again, 
 and in a very different strain. The revolvers had evidently 
 something to do with the transition. 
 
 " See here ! " he said, " I am prepared to defend my little 
 spark of life by blowing into dust and ashes any one who as- 
 sails me. 
 
 44 It won't do, Thorndale ! This impersonal and pantheistic 
 way of thinking does not accord with our nature ; not, at least, 
 with the nature of an Englishman. We live self-centred. / 
 am 'more than a life ; I am the somewhat who has the life, 
 and means to keep it. This little word / has a wonderful mean- 
 ing and potency in it. All. our heroism or greatness dies out 
 if this little word loses its power with us. What is our im- 
 mortality but a sublime egotism ? The old Saxon king spoke 
 best : We flutter in at the one window, and spread our wings, 
 and fly forth at the other, into infinite space. I shall keep my 
 faith in the mystical /. Each individual man stands eternally 
 face to face with a created nature. He receives it all, learns 
 from it all, and stands also in clear contrast to it all. That 
 seeming contradiction is the secret of his greatness. There you 
 have ' my last word.' " (Page 378.) 
 
 Thorndale, in his Diary, states thus the ground for his 
 own hope : 
 
 As a speculative reasoner, I should say that this great hope 
 develops itself out of the knowledge and contemplation of God, 
 coupled with our moral aspirations. To live in felt harmony 
 with the good of the whole is our highest morality, and also our 
 point of communion with God. The desire for further knowl- 
 
"THORNDALE." 203 
 
 edge of our Creator, and for this perfect life (I must consider 
 these together as forming one desire, or one state of mind, be- 
 cause a wish for moral perfection alone might refer solely to 
 this world), brings and justifies a faith in immortality. (Page 
 46.) 
 
 His greatest discouragement is mankind's seeming un- 
 worthiness of so high a destiny. 
 
 The hardest trial to our faith is the actual aspect of the liv- 
 ing multitudes of mankind. Looking round the world, it is 
 very hard to find one's immortals, or celestials that are to be. 
 Not always do men seem worthy of living even on this earth, 
 which one might imagine to be more like heaven than they are 
 akin to angels. Sometimes it rather seems as if the earth were 
 waiting for its fit inhabitants, than that its present inhabitants 
 were entitled to spurn the world beneath them in their haste to 
 ascend into a better. 
 
 I raise my eyes from my paper and what a beautiful vision 
 lies before me ! The blue sky reflected on these ample waters 
 gives me a double heaven, one above and one beneath me ; and 
 these islands of enchantment, Ischia and Capri, seem to be sus- 
 pended, floating midway between them. And now the whole 
 surface of the sea is glowing like one entire sapphire, on which 
 a thousand rainbows have been thrown and broken. " Surely," 
 I exclaim, " here, if anywhere, man might have been immor- 
 tal ! " 
 
 Yet if I descend from my solitude, and pass through yonder 
 neighbouring city, I shall find myself amidst a noisy, angry, quar- 
 relsome multitude, each one of whom would think it the grossest 
 insult if I doubted that he was an immortal spirit waiting to put 
 on his angelic nature " in another and better world." Pity he 
 cannot put on a little of it here. What does this world want 
 but that he and his fellow-men should be somewhat better than 
 they are ? (Page 55.) 
 
 He distrusts even the presage given by friendship and 
 love, because, alas, friendship and love themselves appear 
 to him frail and mutable. 
 
 In a book which I have just laid down, and where the author 
 
204 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 was arguing this very subject, I met with the following pas- 
 sage : " How cruel would it be if friendships formed on earth 
 should be extinguished on the borders of the grave ! " 
 
 This is the natural language, I presume, of ardent feeling. 
 Yet, in reality, how few of our friendships last so long as to be 
 carried to the borders of the grave ! How often do they suffer 
 a speedier and far more cruel extinction ! Are there many of 
 us to whom, on disembarking on that other shore, a hand could 
 be extended on which we would swear an eternal friend- 
 ship ? (Page 47.) 
 
 Two lovers, soon after their happy union, are separated by 
 death. How vivid is the faith of the survivor that they shall 
 meet again ! Surely somewhere they shall be reunited. Is there 
 not space enough, are there not stars enough in the wide 
 heavens ? And all they want is a little space to love in, some 
 foothold given them in the creation. All the rest of their eter- 
 nal joy they carry with them ; such joy as it would surely be 
 amazing waste and prodigality to let fall out of the universe. 
 
 What if they had lived and loved a little longer on the 
 earth ? Perhaps the star would not have been wanted. (Page 
 49.) 
 
 But the soul's aspiration toward God, toward knowl- 
 edge of Him and union with Him, points to a future 
 fruition. 
 
 Here is a want felt imperatively by each reflective soul, and 
 which never will be gratified on earth. 
 
 If I were therefore asked for my ground of belief in the 
 second great doctrine of religion, I should say it was involved 
 in the first ; it follows, I think, as a corollary from a belief in 
 God. 
 
 Nay, even the terrible anxiety which sometimes seizes us to 
 know whether a God exists or not brings with it a sudden and 
 imperious conviction in some future condition of our being in 
 which we shall know. It would stand alone in nature if a 
 thinking being should be born into this great scheme of things, 
 where all is fit and harmonious, with one burning question for- 
 ever in his heart, which was never to be solved. If I ever 
 touched for a moment the borders of complete scepticism, I felt 
 
"THORNDALE." 205 
 
 at that moment the impossibility that I could altogether die 
 that I could become extinct with this uuremoved ignorance upon 
 my soul. (Pages 51, 52.) 
 
 I never could look long upon the stars, and not feel that I 
 claimed some kindred with the infinite and the eternal. Why 
 am I vexed incessantly with this question, " Mortal or immortal," 
 if nothing is to come of it ? Or who can think upon that other 
 and greater problem the nature of Him who perchance sits 
 central amidst the stars and not feel that a creature who can 
 who must state such problems to himself is surely destined, 
 one day, somewhere, to have them solved for him ? 
 
 Oh, yes ! believe it ! believe it ! there is an eternal life 
 within us. It will burn on ! it is akin to those stars. 
 
 And, Clarence, you are right ! As men grow better on the 
 earth, they will grow more confident in their great hope of im- 
 mortality. They will support it in each other and in them- 
 selves. Have I not said that the aspect of the living world was 
 the .conspicuous cause of our despondency ? Here, as elsewhere, 
 we meet with that reciprocal action that encounters us through- 
 out in this great organic growth of society ; the faith that ele- 
 vates our morality is again confirmed and animated by the 
 higher morality it has assisted to produce. (Page 57.) 
 
 This last thought is a most characteristic feature of 
 his belief in progress. That belief has been held by many 
 as affording a substitute for any other religion. But, in 
 our author's mind, connected with human progress is the 
 belief that along with it will come a stronger and purer 
 faith and hope of realities beyond this world. Of the 
 fact of social progress to revert again to this central 
 topic he finds a striking evidence in the growth, in the 
 England of to-day, of the sentiment of devotion to " the 
 good of the whole." " The good of the whole " that 
 must be the watchword of advancing society : that is the 
 abiding foundation of morality and religion. 
 
 Glance now at the state of opinion in England, and say if I 
 am fabling, or dealing with some figment of the imagination, 
 when I pronounce that " the good of the whole " has become a 
 
206 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 noble care to very many amongst us. To me, looking abroad 
 amongst my contemporaries, nothing so conspicuously character- 
 izes our age as the number of noble minds you see in it full of 
 the desire to promote the general good. In this habit of think- 
 ing for the good of society, you would say, indeed, that most of 
 us had become philosophers. Modes of thinking which, in the 
 palmy days of Greece, were familiar only to a few men, who 
 might have been packed together under a single portico of one 
 of their own beautiful temples, are as common amongst us as the 
 cries of the market-place. Notice how generally, by rich and 
 poor, by learned and simple, the claim is admitted which society 
 has on each one of us for his contribution to the public good. 
 It is felt that each one of us owes all he has, and all he is, to 
 society, and that he is bound to contribute his best of labour and 
 intelligence to that organized community which is at once result 
 and source of every individual life. That man does not belong 
 to our age who does not manifest an extreme reluctance to be 
 included in the class of idle men. He is not idle! He repu- 
 diates the odious distinction. If he does not work with his hands, 
 he manages, he overlooks, he combines the labours of others. If 
 he has no land or factory, he makes for himself an occupation 
 in some philanthropic scheme. He builds a school, or helps to 
 erect a public bath he collects and distributes judiciously the 
 charitable alms of others he is busy at a Savings Bank he 
 is heart and soul in some Reformatory. If he can do nothing 
 else, he writes a book. Having nothing to give but his ideas, 
 he gives them. And say he has nothing of his own to give 
 even here, he can disseminate amongst the many the truths of 
 the few. By some plea he escapes the stigma of idleness. 
 (Pages 559, 560.) 
 
 And here is the perpetual incentive to social virtue, and 
 the incentive also to hope : 
 
 All society must advance, in order that any class may reach 
 its highest possible development. It seems that it never is al- 
 lowed for any one little group or knot of men to rest content 
 with their own isolated position. Such is not nature's plan. 
 Whether we look to the health of a man, or the wisdom of a 
 man, we find that it is not permitted him to be well, or wise, 
 alone. 
 
THORNDALE." 207 
 
 Our Dives I have sometimes said to myself is no bad 
 man. He is charitable. What if he encloses his mansion and 
 his pleasant grounds within high walls, and thus seems to remove 
 himself entirely from the squalid poverty without, he surely 
 must have quiet and cleanliness, pure air, and freedom from 
 loathsome sights. Those hovels outside his garden walls would 
 be miserable things to look at, and would offend all senses at 
 once. He is distressed that such things should be ; but he can- 
 not rebuild the whole village, and if he did, he must add thereto 
 the remodelling of the habits of the villagers. He must inter- 
 pose between him and them that screen of beautiful trees pre- 
 served by his protection, and which are not preserved for his 
 pleasure only. Even the eloquent preacher who, Sunday by 
 Sunday, collects both rich and poor under the same sacred roof, 
 can suggest no remedy suggests only palliatives charity to 
 the one party, and patience to the other. He sees that to de- 
 stroy altogether the condition of Dives, by calling on him for an 
 unbounded charity to give all he has to the poor would be 
 simply to reduce us all to one barbarous level of poverty and ig- 
 norance. The existing plan must remain we must be content 
 with palliatives. 
 
 But nature is not content with our palliatives. The rich man 
 may be blameless, and the eloquent and the wise may have done 
 all they could ; nevertheless, nature makes her protest. Out 
 breaks the plague ! It comes from those hovels, and from the 
 stagnant pool that lies amongst them, but it sweeps over the 
 garden wall of the refined patrician ; it traverses those pleasant 
 grounds, enters the chambers of that spacious mansion, and the 
 dear child of the house lies stricken by it. Typhus and other 
 fevers will not always stay in the hovels in which they are bred. 
 
 Those hovels should have been rebuilt ; that stagnant pool 
 that lies amongst them should have been drained. By whom ? 
 It should have been done ! But who was to do it ? It should 
 have been done ! Such inexorable protest is nature accustomed 
 to make. 
 
 And as with health of body, so with health of mind. Look 
 narrowly into it. The intellectual Dives would shut himself up 
 in the pleasant garden of his own thoughts pleasant garden, 
 walled round from the turbulent passions, the superstitions, and 
 
208 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 the panic terrors of mankind open only to the calm and glo- 
 rious heavens. All in vain. Those panic terrors leap his walls, 
 and enter every chamber of his house, every chamber of his 
 thoughts. They were bred in that crime, and ignorance, and 
 suffering, that lies weltering there without ; but they do not stay 
 where they are bred they walk abroad through the minds of 
 all men. That swamp of ignorance and vice should have been 
 drained. By whom ? It should have been done. This is the 
 only answer that you get. There is no perfect immunity to any 
 man, from any kind of pestilence, till the whole city is taken 
 care of. (Pages 565-567.) 
 
 From these broad outlooks we come back to group a few 
 personal utterances : 
 
 Refine ! refine ! Live only in the higher meditative regions 
 of the soul ! It sounds like good advice. But with the last 
 dross goes the last strength. Your passionless thought leaves 
 you without a thing to cling to or to be ; you are all you 
 are nothing. Mere thinking throws you abroad upon the winds 
 flings you to the stars, if you will but you are homeless 
 and purposeless there as you were upon the earth. (Page 46.) 
 
 This beautiful external nature, these still waters, these majes- 
 tic hills, I have not been worthy of them. Where was the peace 
 of mind, where the greatness and tranquillity, where the noble, 
 free, useful activity which all nature symbolizes ? Not in me ! 
 not in me ! or only for an instant. On my best hours such lit- 
 tle thoughts, such littles cares intruded. I have flowed weak as 
 water. Any straw could turn me. A jest, a look, a laugh has 
 thrown trouble into my soul ; a pain, a lassitude, a sick and 
 morbid feeling, has changed the current of a whole philosophy. 
 
 We would be gazing upward and around at some divine 
 spectacle gazing with calm and dilated souls and lo ! there 
 is eveY some thorn in the sandal we must first stoop to extract. 
 (Page 57.) 
 
 Stand aside from the crowd, and look on have no other 
 business than to look on how mad and preposterous, how pur- 
 poseless and inexplicable, will the whole scene of human life ap- 
 pear ! 
 
 " How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable 
 All the uses of this world ! " 
 
" THORNDALE." 209 
 
 Step down into the crowd ; choose a path, or let accident 
 choose for you ; be one of the jostling multitude ; have wishes 
 and a pursuit ; and how full of meaning and purpose has it all 
 become ! This labyrinth of life is ever a straight path to him 
 who keeps walking. (Page 45.) 
 
 Last of all, we bring together a few of the book's many 
 words of " religion pure and undefiled." 
 
 Shall I tell you what religion is in its broadest definition ? 
 It is life cultivated under God, and in the presence of death. 
 Forget death, and there would be little or no religion. Forget 
 life, and religion is an empty spectre a mere terror, best 
 buried in the tomb, which it will then perpetually haunt. (Page 
 60.) 
 
 All religion [it is Cyril the monk who speaks] hangs on the 
 belief in God's righteous anger against sin. Once quibble that 
 away, and you may be Deist, Pantheist, Atheist what you 
 will it matters little. (Page 232.) 
 
 Cyril said another time, " Even Infinite Love and Infinite 
 Compassion must strike a guilty race with terror and remorse. 
 This transgressing world, since the day of its sin, has seen, and 
 could see, nothing so awful as that mild Presence which walked 
 forth from the village of Nazareth. Under that naked footfall 
 the earth trembles still. 
 
 " It trembles because it is impure. It rejoices as it throws 
 off its impurity. If I told the sinner in his sins that he would 
 one day. and through the intervention of that very Being, be a 
 glorified saint, he could not believe it. The infinite terror of his 
 guilt must come, and pass away, before he could believe it. 
 But," he added, speaking in a lower tone, as if it were some 
 inner doctrine that he ventured to announce, " but I think it 
 has been revealed to me that every soul that God has made 
 shall finally be brought under the dominion of wisdom and of 
 love. This I have at length authoritatively learnt in the 
 stillness of my monastery, and in solitary walks by the seashore. 
 If I were to say that Christ himself had taught it to me, you 
 would smile at my enthusiasm : yet something like this I feel to 
 be the truth." (Page 233.) 
 
 God never pardons : the laws of his universe are irrevocable. 
 
210 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 God always pardons : sense of condemnation is but another 
 word for penitence, and penitence is already new life. (Pages 
 279, 280.) 
 
 Who that has cultivated a high and reflective piety has not 
 recognized that Religion does not first of all consist in hope of 
 a future life, but consists first of all in living well here in a 
 certain felt relationship with God in that happy, grateful, de- 
 voted relationship which springs from knowledge of God's world 
 and of our own humanity ? (Page 144.) 
 
 I boldly claim for the future generations of mankind that re- 
 ligion which our best and purest have claimed for themselves, 
 when they shall ~be saints in Heaven. In that state they con- 
 fess that Goodness and Piety are their own ends not prepara- 
 tion for any other state of existence. They will become so here. 
 This life will cease to be regarded chiefly as a preparation for 
 another, because it will have become identified with that other. 
 If we are immortal souls, we are immortal here ; death is but 
 our great progression ; let us begin to live as the immortals 
 should. (Page 160.) 
 
 " Fear first," said the Cistercian, " then Hope, is the impulse 
 of a Christian life. Last of all, the Christian life itself is its 
 own motive. There comes a time when neither Fear nor Hope 
 is necessary to the pious man ; but he loves righteousness for 
 righteousness' sake, and love is all in all. It is not joy at. es- 
 cape from future perdition that he now feels ; nor is it hope for 
 some untold happiness in the future ; it is a present rapture of 
 piety, and resignation, and love ; a present that fills eternity. It 
 asks nothing, it fears nothing ; it loves, and it has no petition to 
 make. God takes back his little child unto himself a little 
 child that has no fear, and is all trust." (Page 234.) 
 
 In these selections we have sought to " bring into har- 
 mony what seems at first a mere conflict of opinions," and 
 to fairly interpret the real philosophy of the author of 
 " Thorndale." But we have omitted from this epitome 
 some of the elements of personal feeling which give to the 
 book its color and atmosphere. A brief introduction rep- 
 resents the volume as consisting of a manuscript found in 
 the desk of a young Englishman who had died near Na- 
 
" THORN DALE: 1 211 
 
 pies. This is Charles Thorndale, who throughout the fol- 
 lowing chapters speaks sometimes in the first person and 
 sometimes as reporting his companions. He writes his 
 story in the seclusion to which he has withdrawn from the 
 world to await the termination of a lingering disease. His 
 dwelling looks down on the city and the bay of Naples. 
 Most appropriately is this spot selected, in a region where 
 the loveliness of nature and the mixture and debasement 
 of humanity are brought into the strongest contrast. With 
 death near at hand, he looks on the scenes he is about 
 to leave with a heightened interest, and with a singular 
 absence of personal hope or fear. The problems of exist- 
 ence which have been the strongest interest of his life are 
 reviewed in solitude and in calm. He chances upon Cyril, 
 now the inmate of a neighboring monastery, and converses 
 with him. Clarence, too, he meets again, and Clarence 
 writes out for him a full exposition of his theories. Yet 
 the reader feels Thorndale to be essentially and intensely 
 alone. Cyril and Clarence talk freely with him upon gen- 
 eral subjects, but of personal ministration or personal 
 sympathy he has none and seems to want none. His 
 " good Bernard " valet, cook, and nurse is casually 
 mentioned as the only domestic companion he has or 
 needs. The pathos of this solitude touches the reader 
 the more keenly because it is borne with such unconscious- 
 ness, as if through long familiarity it had ceased to be 
 recognized. 
 
 As the story of the debates is rehearsed, each speak- 
 er's opinion given as forcibly as if the author were speak- 
 ing his inmost thought, the impression of doubt and 
 perplexity which the reader receives is indicated as the 
 effect also upon Thorndale himself. Certain convictions 
 gain an ascendency in him ; he sets forth the material of 
 an affirmative and strong philosophy. Yet, as he is 
 summed up by the old acquaintance who finds and pub- 
 lishes his manuscript, 
 
212 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 He was one of those who cannot rest a moment in denial, and 
 who yet find preeminently 
 
 " how difficult it is to keep 
 Heights which the soul is competent to gain." 
 
 His foothold was forever giving away ; he rose only to fall 
 again but, in falling, his eye was still, and forever, fixed upon 
 the summit. In what conclusion did he finally rest ? What 
 fate did he prophesy to the individual human soul or to congre- 
 gated humanity ? Heaven or Utopia, or both ? Or did he to 
 the last continue to doubt, to hope, to aspire, and then again 
 throw away his aspirations ? say rather give them away to 
 some other and happier mind, and love them there, though he 
 could not retain them for himself ? (Page 9.) 
 
 One passage in the Introduction, descriptive of Charles 
 Thorndale, gives an inmost self -revelation of William 
 Smith : 
 
 That noble sorrow which falls occasionally on every sincere 
 inquirer who finds himself baffled in his search for truth had 
 taken up a very constant position in his mind. There was noth- 
 ing to dislodge it. He had no personal ambition, no domestic 
 bonds, no duties, no cares. Life had no interest if philosophy 
 could yield no truth. . . . Perhaps the only strong desire he 
 had was this, of penetrating to certain great truths which seemed 
 to lie just hidden from our sight. He walked like a shadow 
 amongst us. ... It was plain that there was at least vitality 
 enough left in the man to make this absence of all passion or 
 motive, whether of ambition or love, itself a terrible calamity. 
 (Page 5.) 
 
 These passages give the keynote of a melancholy which 
 pervades the more personal portions of the book, and which 
 strongly affects the reader. 
 
 In some of its finest utterances " Thorndale " declares 
 that peace of heart comes only through Tightness of con- 
 duct. It lays strong emphasis on social virtue. But as a 
 whole it mirrors the author's separation from the activities 
 of life. Even in its theories, it seems to make too little ac- 
 
" THORNDALEr 213 
 
 count of the legitimate effect of action upon thought and 
 faith. It makes no direct /appeal to man's personal en- 
 ergy. Its hero does nothing except to think. He listens, 
 ponders, and retires into solitude to meditate and to die. 
 
 It is the touch of heart with heart that gives the surest 
 sense of one supreme Heart of all. It is in his own most 
 vigorous and noble action that man feels within himself as 
 it were the very pulse of the Divine Energy. And the 
 sadness that lies deepest on Thorndale arises from the 
 seclusion of this sweet and gentle nature from its kind, 
 and from all social activity. It is as if to him Thought 
 and Beauty had to take the place of Action and Love 
 a place they can never fill. Strangely touching it is to 
 see him finding his reassurance and his satisfaction in the 
 advancing good of humanity, and manifesting to the 
 reader so lovable a quality even through the cold medium 
 of the printed page, yet with no single fellow-being at 
 his side. And amid the various play of his thought and 
 feeling, like subtle and fascinating music, hardly once do 
 we hear struck the full rich chord of happiness. He 
 speaks of " the highest enjoyment we possess, the luxury 
 and the triumph of thinking." Is that, O wise philoso- 
 pher, the highest enjoyment you have found ? Then there 
 is a joy you have not tasted, and a light to which your 
 eyes have not opened. 
 
 Yet this man, isolated from the great company of work- 
 ers and worshippers, is one of the scattered pioneers whose 
 quests and labors are contributing to the nobler temple 
 which is rising for the society of the future. The old 
 dwelling-place can no longer house all its children ; and 
 while some of them abide and enlarge and refit, others 
 must face the wilderness and subdue the New World. To 
 measure the service of the men of William Smith's type, 
 one should look back to the view of the universe in which 
 he was trained as a youth, and which then was gener- 
 ally accepted by the religious community. Contrast with 
 
214 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 Thorndale's view of humanity, doubtful at some points, 
 frankly and humbly waiting for further light, but with 
 lucid exposition of the long past, and grand prediction of 
 society's future, with the recognition of every element 
 in industry, science, art, and society, as well as nature, as 
 threads in a divine plan whose beneficence exceeds our 
 measurement, contrast with this the creed impressed on 
 his childhood, so over-confident and so baseless in its 
 assumption of authority, so fearful of unsparing inquiry, 
 so restricted in its ideals of character, so fantastic in its 
 story of humanity's beginnings, and with a prophecy of 
 futurity mingling with its glories such ghastly terrors. By 
 the difference between these two conceptions, we may 
 partly measure what the higher mind of Europe had 
 gained within a lifetime. Yet this comparison is incom- 
 plete. We should add to the picture another way of 
 thought, a way which to-day claims to dominate the in- 
 telligence of Europe, the view of life from which God 
 has wholly faded out, and which casts aside as childish 
 fancy man's hope of a hereafter. In that contrast we 
 shall best appreciate the service of one who in full face of 
 modern thought, and preferring always sternest truth to 
 kindest delusion, reached not only a noble anticipation for 
 future generations, but also a great faith in God, and a 
 tremulous, reverent hope for the spirit's future. 
 
 We have dwelt on the loneliness which " Thorndale " 
 shows in its author. Pathetic that solitude is, yet not 
 without a great and lofty cheer. The want of close affec- 
 tion and active occupation casts a heavy shadow ; but in 
 rising out of all personal ambition and solicitude into a 
 habitual consideration of what concerns all mankind, 
 there has come an emancipation of the spirit. This 
 watcher on a mountain height like the seer of old, 
 discerning a promised land not for himself but for his 
 people asks not our compassion for his loneliness. Be 
 that as God wills ! Eagerly he points us to the mighty 
 
THORNDA LE." 216 
 
 spectacle which spreads before him. The mists are part- 
 ing, darkness is fleeing, and behold, this great human 
 family is not a groping and distracted host : it is an ad- 
 vancing army, divinely ordered, divinely led. 
 
PART II. 
 
 Our best beliefs from best affections spring, 
 And solitude is ignorance. 
 
 WILLIAM SMITH : Guidone. 
 
 How do I love thee ? Let me count the ways. 
 I love thee to the depth and breadth and height 
 My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight 
 To the ends of Being and ideal Grace. 
 I love thee to the level of every day's 
 Most quiet need, by sun and candle light. 
 I love thee freely, as men strive for Right; 
 I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise; 
 I love thee with the passion put to use 
 In my old griefs, and with my childhood's faith. 
 I love thee with a love I seemed to lose 
 With my lost saints I love thee with the breath, 
 Smiles, tears, of all my life ! And, if God choose, 
 I shall but love thee better after death. 
 
 MRS. BROWNING. 
 
CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 MEETING. 
 
 THE story of the man's life has been told partly in the 
 words of his wife, as she wrote it in the early days of 
 her bereavement, at first for dear friends only, then yield- 
 ing with hesitancy to entreaties that it should be given to 
 a wider circle. And now there lies at hand the fuller 
 story of her own heart in its springtime, a story she 
 wrote out at a later time for her solace. Under what im- 
 pulse it was written is told in its opening words : 
 
 " My husband, my all, even now, ' despite the dis- 
 tance and the dark,' I have often thought of writing down 
 more fully my happy memories of our blended life. I 
 will begin to-day (March 27, 1875) will take refuge if 
 I may from the unspeakable sorrow of the present in the 
 glad completeness of the past. 
 
 " I was always fond of looking back even when, with 
 you by my side, the now was better than any then, since 
 you said you loved me ' more and more.' You would 
 point me to the future, to other happy years. But now, 
 I do not think you would blame me for seeking some 
 alleviation for a grief that you pitied 4 infinitely, infi- 
 nitely.' I will weave into my narrative of facts bits of 
 your writings, your letters. If I live to be old, to be 
 blind, some kind soul will read these pages to me. They 
 will help me to bear and to hope. They will quicken the 
 failing life. It may be too that our nieces may find them 
 precious, for surely it is good for all to dwell upon a char- 
 acter like yours, to sympathize with my love of you." 
 
 And so, in the rare intervals when she was quite alone, 
 
220 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 through the next four years, she lived out, on paper, the 
 time from the first meeting of the two until the wedding- 
 day. Parts of the story she read to one or another inti- 
 mate friend, and the whole of it she left at her death to a 
 beloved niece of her husband's, giving it to her absolute 
 disposal. She was a woman completely retired from pub- 
 licity, without a spark of literary ambition for herself, 
 and never entertaining a thought of self-disclosure except 
 to friends ; but, as to her husband, divided between a 
 sympathy with his own aversion to conspicuousness, and 
 a wish that others might know his worth. In her words 
 above quoted " Surely it is good for all to dwell upon a 
 character like yours, to sympathize with my love for you " 
 may be seen some vague idea that others beside the 
 nieces might possibly hear this fuller story. But, once 
 embarked in the telling, it is plain that all auditors were 
 forgotten the flow of memory took its way as spontane- 
 ous, as unchecked, as the heart beats. 
 
 In the next three chapters two strands are woven to- 
 gether, one from the Memoir, the other from the Man- 
 uscript. Among the passages omitted from the latter 
 are most of the interspersed expressions which tell of 
 aching loss. That belongs to a later time. Here shall 
 be given, almost unshadowed by after years, the story of 
 love's happy beginning. 
 
 (From the Memoir.) 
 
 It was in the August of 1856 that William Smith and 
 his future wife first became acquainted. My beloved 
 mother, at that time a complete invalid, a little niece 
 of mine who then lived with us, and I had been spending 
 the early summer in Borrowdale, and we too, attracted by 
 the new and cheerful row of lodging-houses, now took up 
 our abode at 3 Derwentwater Place. The solitary stu- 
 dent, to whom I confess I not a little grudged the draw- 
 ing-room floor, soon sent to proffer one request that the 
 
MEETING. 221 
 
 little girl would not practise her scales, etc., during the 
 morning hours. Now and then we used to pass him in 
 our walks, but he evidently never so much as saw us. 
 There was something quite unusual in the rapt abstrac- 
 tion of his air, the floating lightness of his step ; one 
 could not help wondering a little who and what he was, 
 but for several weeks nothing seemed more entirely un- 
 likely than our becoming acquainted. 
 
 The lodging-place that we all occupied was kept by a 
 mother and two daughters, who had had a reverse of for- 
 tune, and to whom this way of life was new. We were 
 their first tenants. One of the daughters especially was 
 well educated and interesting. To her I gave a copy of 
 Grillparzer's " Sappho," which I had recently translated. 
 I knew she would value it a little for my sake, but it 
 never occurred to me that she would take it to the recluse 
 in the drawing-room. She did so, however. Piles of 
 manuscript on his desk had convinced her that he was 
 " an author," and it amused her to show him the little 
 production of one of the other lodgers ! Perhaps he may 
 have thought that she did this at my request, perhaps his 
 kindliness disposed him to help by a hint or two some 
 humble literary aspirant for always he was kind ; at 
 all events, the very next day he sent down a message pro- 
 posing to call, and on the 21st of August there came a 
 knock at our sitting-room door ; the rapid entrance of a 
 slight figure, some spell of simplicity and candor in voice 
 and manner that at once gave a sense of freedom ; and 
 the give-and-take of easy talk beginning with com- 
 ments on the translation in his hand had already 
 ranged far and wide before he rose, and, lightly bowing, 
 left the room. 1 I thought him absolutely unlike any one 
 
 1 One little observation of his clung to my memory, and returns 
 to it very often in my present loneliness is it too trivial to record ? 
 Discussing the building instinct in insect and bird, and their variety 
 of dwellings, he said, " The primary condition of the home is that 
 there should be two" 
 
222 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 I had ever met ; singularly pleasant in all he said ; even 
 more singularly encouraging and gracious in his way of 
 listening. He pointed out a passage in the translated 
 play that had particularly taken his fancy : 
 
 " Like to the little noiseless garden snail, 
 At once the home and dweller in the home ; 
 Still ready at the very slightest sound 
 Frightened, to draw within itself again ; 
 Still turning tender feelers all around, 
 And slow to venture forth on surface new ; 
 Yet clinging closely if it cling at all, 
 And ne'er its hold relaxing but in death." 
 
 I have transcribed these lines, because, in after days, he 
 was much given playfully to designate himself " The 
 Snail." At the close of this first call I well remember 
 that my mother, who had been reclining the while in an 
 adjoining room, exclaimed : " What could you find to talk 
 about so long, my dear ? one might have thought you had 
 known each other for years ! " That was it ! To certain 
 natures William Smith, from the first moment of meeting, 
 could never seem a stranger ! The call was soon repeated, 
 and afterwards he came three times in the evening, as then 
 my mother was able to see him. She was at once im- 
 pressed with his charm : " How could you call him plain, 
 my dear ? he has one of the most delightful countenances I 
 have ever seen ! " The dear mother ! herself a sufferer and 
 grievously depressed for two years past, it was not fre- 
 quent at that time to hear her express delight ; but she was 
 delighted with him ! He afterwards told me that just then 
 he was " positively starving for conversation." Hence, 
 perhaps, his effervescence and abandon. On one of these 
 pleasant evenings he read us some of " Sartor Resartus." 
 He gave me a copy of his Dramas, and the day we left Kes- 
 wick (just a fortnight after our first meeting) he took me 
 to see his favorite view of the Lake ; and we talked with 
 the perfect unreserve of those who hold themselves little 
 
MEETING. 223 
 
 likely ever to meet again. He spoke much of his mother, 
 of his happy home with her, his sense of isolation since he 
 had lost her ; spoke, also, a little of his literary work and 
 religious opinions. I, on my side, told him of my family 
 circumstances, in which, too, there was sadness and strug- 
 gle. He frankly said he was sorry we were leaving ; I 
 did not say to any one, not even to myself, how sorry I 
 was to go ! A short note or two were interchanged, then 
 came a longer letter telling me of the projected departure 
 for Australia of Mr. and Mrs. Weigall and their daugh- 
 ters, of whom he was especially fond, and " whose house 
 afforded him a refuge to which he occasionally fled from 
 this wandering, solitary life." No wonder that he added, 
 " To me this is no little affliction, though they write in 
 good spirits ; " and, " I think you will have a little com- 
 passion for me." From that time the letters grew longer. 
 We planned a meeting at Patterdale in the ensuing 
 spring, and thither he duly went. My mother, however, 
 preferred the prospect of an Irish tour ; and I, whose 
 chief solicitude then was the state of her health, never let 
 her find out till long after the touch of disappointment I 
 could not help feeling at being unable to keep tryst. 
 
 I will give a few passages from some of these early let- 
 ters which chanced to get preserved when, at his earnest 
 request, I burnt the correspondence of the two years that 
 intervened between our first and second meeting. But the 
 extracts no more show the charm of the letters than 
 pulled-out petals the beauty of a flower. The first gives 
 a glimpse of his lonely life : 
 
 That other book you alluded to we should agree upon, I am 
 sure. I think there are passages in Charlotte Bronte's letters 
 which beat all the letters I have ever read. And what a pic- 
 ture ! what a family group in the little rectory ! . . . How 
 thoroughly I could sympathize with some of these letters in 
 which she describes her own solitude ! How many hours have 
 I passed in the evening with the candle put in some corner of 
 
224 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 the room, because my eyes could no longer bear the light, pa- 
 cing up and down, and looking out at the clouds if fortunately 
 there were any clouds to be seen ! I have rarely been more in- 
 terested in any book than this. 
 
 Here is his account of " Thorndale," which was then on 
 the point of publication : 
 
 The book the libretto, as I modestly style it is being 
 printed, but it goes on very slowly. It will be only one volume, 
 much such a volume as one of the new edition of Professor Wil- 
 son's works. The title is to be " Thorndale," or " Thorndale's 
 Diary," the last title will tell you what sort of work it is. 
 Not a novel. But a diary admits the intermixture of some inci- 
 dents with reflection. It closes with a sort of Confession of 
 Faith, or view of human progress, which is a sort of continuous 
 essay. Some will perhaps read up to this, and then drop the 
 book ; others would be satisfied with reading this last part, and 
 leaving the rest alone. I am not at all sanguine about its suc- 
 cess, I never have succeeded in anything, but one must put 
 forth what there is in one's mind, be it much or little. I was 
 quite in earnest when I said that I should like to have a lady 
 critic at my elbow ; because it is on matters of taste, style, bits 
 of verse, etc., that I should particularly want to consult another. 
 And as to graver matters, although there are some few men 
 whose opinions would be invaluable, they are very few, and 
 quite inaccessible. Even on these I would rather have the im- 
 pressions of an intelligent woman than " the average man," who 
 is not at all impressible, and who is certainly not a whit wiser, 
 or more disciplined or trained to thinking. 
 
 The following extract I give because the views it ex- 
 presses about India were held by him to the end, and put 
 out in the last article he ever wrote : 
 
 Yes ! this terrible revolt in India must occupy all thoughts. 
 It occupies mine a good deal, but to very little purpose. I see 
 that the national revenge of England must have its course. But 
 our Indian Empire has never been a great favourite of mine. I 
 always looked at it as leading to much benefit, in one way or 
 the other, to India itself, but as having little to do with the real 
 
MEETING. 225 
 
 power and prosperity of England. I myself revolt at the 
 scheme, put forth by some writers in the " Times," of governing 
 India entirely by foreign troops, presuming this were possible. 
 If the English power is not really educating Indians so that they 
 will assume one day an independent and permanent position 
 among the nations, I really see no justification whatever for our 
 conquests. 
 
 It was in the autumn of 1857 that " Thorndale " ap- 
 peared. On my return from the Irish tour, by which my 
 dear mother's health had marvellously benefited, I well re- 
 member going into an Edinburgh library in quest of some 
 other book, and having " Thorndale " recommended me 
 by the librarian as a very remarkable work indeed. Be- 
 fore long the author sent me a copy, but I glanced over it 
 merely ; I did not read it for some months. My way of 
 religious thinking, perhaps I should rather say of feeling, 
 led me to shrink from any disturbing influence. 
 
 My husband's contributions to " Blackwood's Maga- 
 zine " were suspended from the April of 1856 to the Jan- 
 uary of 1858, when he wrote a notice of a translation I 
 had made of Freytag's " Debit and Credit." His kindly 
 encouragement was a support to me in every little effort 
 of the sort, and during the ensuing spring our letters 
 were very frequent. We told each other all our interests, 
 and also all our discouragements and difficulties. I well 
 recollect his pleasantly contrasting our lives in some such 
 words as these : " You are in a good roomy boat, rowing 
 hard, but with others around you ; whilst I am bobbing 
 up and down on the waves alone, with only a life-belt to 
 trust to." Certainly a habit of confidence had been very 
 firmly established when on the 14th of July, 1858, we met 
 again at Patterdale, and yet neither had quite distinct or 
 correct impressions of the other. William often told me he 
 could never identify the Patterdale companion with the 
 Keswick acquaintance. Nor was I prepared for all I found 
 in him. By this time I had indeed read " Thorndale," and 
 
226 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 had felt its pathos as keenly as its beauty. In the letters I 
 had been accustomed to receive there was almost always an 
 undertone of sadness ; but, to my surprise, their writer was 
 cheerful beyond any one I knew, or, at least, cheerful with 
 a kind of cheerfulness I had never known something 
 akin to morning sunlight, the soaring song of larks, the 
 sportiveness of young woodland creatures. I cannot de- 
 scribe it, but it effaced for me all memories of care and dis- 
 appointment ; it made the whole world new. Neither was 
 he any longer inclined to be solitary. From the day of our 
 first cordial meeting to that of my mother's and my depart- 
 ure we invariably took long walks, morning and evening, 
 let the weather be what it would. When it was fine, we 
 sought out some, exquisite shade of birch-trees on high 
 ground, with peeps of Ulleswater through the branches, or 
 a mossy knoll overhanging a " lake-bend of river," or a 
 sequestered grass walk beside a most joyous brook, and in 
 such scenes as these he would read to me by the hour, 1 or 
 I, in my turn, would repeat poetry to him. When it was 
 wet we would put up with any shelter we could find, or 
 talked and laughed very gayly under our umbrellas. We 
 were not, however, always gay. The burden of loneliness 
 was far more painful to him at this time than when he 
 first resolved to endure it. In one of our early walks I 
 can recall his suddenly bursting out, " I have come to 
 envy any room in which there are two chairs ! " 
 
 (From the Manuscript.) 
 
 I must not linger over every walk, though each was a 
 step in advance in the sweet mutual confidence and singu- 
 
 1 To those who knew William Smith it is unnecessary to dwell 
 upon the charm of his reading. His voice was singularly flexible, 
 varied, and, above all, pathetic. He himself had an idea that he suc- 
 ceeded best with comic subjects, and many delighted especially in 
 hearing him read Dickens, Sterne, etc. Yet I always grudged tho 
 voice to anything but poetry of a high order. 
 
MEETING. 227 
 
 lar rapport that made this first fortnight the gladdest I 
 and I may say he too, since he said so had ever known. 
 During it I never suspected that I more than liked my 
 companion. Only I should have admitted that I never 
 had so enjoyed companionship. Everything exhilarated 
 us even the long darn I had to make in the flounce of 
 a muslin gown through which he had inadvertently poked 
 his stick. On the twenty-fourth, we had our second walk 
 to lovely, lovely Deepdale, and he read me bits of Shelley, a 
 few loose pages of which he generally carried in his pocket. 
 That evening, too, though it was wet, we sat on stones un- 
 der trees. He told me much of his early life, and I repeated 
 some of Mrs. Browning's poems to him. Afterward, this 
 repetition of poetry that he liked alternated pretty con- 
 stantly with the exquisite treat of hearing him read. On 
 Sundays we agreed not to meet, I used to go to the 
 church with my beloved mother. On Monday, the twenty- 
 sixth, the evening walk was in the rain, and I recollect 
 the complete insouciance with which I put on an old bat- 
 tered, flapping, and most unbecoming Swiss hat, of five 
 summers' wear. For, as I said, no conscious desire to win 
 more than his cordial liking had as yet interfered with 
 my simple pleasure in the new life, the fresher, lighter, 
 wider range of thought and fancy. We were standing by 
 some rails looking across the lake, I do not know what we 
 were talking of, only, he suddenly kissed the brim of 
 my ugly hat. I do not know what led to this sudden im- 
 pulse, nor whether it proceeded from any consciousness 
 that I was dear to him, but I do know well the wondrous 
 effect. The years rolled off me. Instead of the woman 
 with her acceptance of a colorless life, a girl in soul stood 
 there, beholding earth and sky new created and very good ! 
 How the heart beat with a tumult of possibilities ! If he 
 loved me if! I knew now what he was to me. It was 
 all quite plain. The strange happiness came from a love 
 so different from any I had felt before, it was not strange 
 
228 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 I had not guessed its nature till this flash of transcendent 
 brightness. From that evening the light-hearted enjoy- 
 ment of the moment was over. Every word he spoke was 
 weighted for me with far-reaching significance : " He loves 
 me he loves me not." Then, too, his throat became 
 troublesome the very next day, and I was miserably anx- 
 ious. But he was tractable, he adopted the simple reme- 
 dies I prescribed, he let me minister ; and in a day or two 
 he was well, reading " In Memoriam " to me, I hear 
 the thrilling ring of his voice yet in the lines " Ring out 
 wild bells." He read them under the shade of an old and 
 wide-spreading birch, I wonder if it is still standing. 
 He read me too his articles on White's " Christian Cen- 
 turies," and Gladstone's " Homer," which appeared in 
 the August number of " Black wood." I recollect his telling 
 me with* that childlike openness which was one of his most 
 endearing attributes, what a liberal cheque and kind letter 
 he had had in consequence. At this time earlier than this 
 indeed he constantly exclaimed, " How happily the days 
 of Thalaba go by ! " Another quotation, spoken with a 
 delightful irrelevancy, as he walked backwards, his whole 
 face and figure radiant with joy, was, " How charming is 
 divine Philosophy ! " I cannot, I dare not, realize it any 
 more. But the remembrance will surely quicken my heart 
 and mind even when the dying languor has set in ! 
 
 From the first I had been rather struck with the em- 
 phasis which Mr. Smith, as I then called him and long 
 after, laid upon the difference three hundred a year might 
 make in a man's destiny. He spoke of it as wealth, and 
 I soon inferred that his own income fell far below that 
 moderate standard. In one of his stories he had spoken 
 of a confessed poverty as an equivalent to the tonsure. 
 Certainly he displayed his tonsure all he could ! And 
 then we forgot all about it in our great gladness, and he 
 allowed the gracious tenderness and caressingness of his 
 nature free play. A friend, Bessie Bennett, came to stay 
 
MEETING. 229 
 
 with us three weeks after this mutual life had begun, and 
 she saw his wondrous and quite peculiar charm. He was 
 always in high, frolicsome spirits when she was our com- 
 panion, the talk being of course restricted in its range ; 
 but she was so loving a friend of " Divine Philosophy " 
 that she was no check upon his cheerfulness. After Bessie 
 left, there were sometimes alternations on his part. On 
 mine there had been before, but I hid them pretty success- 
 fully. I remember one evening, standing by the bridge 
 I stand on now alone, that he spoke with apprehension of 
 the poverty and loneliness he foresaw in the future, when 
 he could " make bricks " no longer, that is write for 
 "Blackwood." And sometimes I think he would take 
 alarm, how if the tonsure should fain to warn, and the 
 perfection of our companionship leave a want and a sadness 
 in my lot ? At such prudent seasons, the sweet names and 
 tones would cease, and after a walk together, and much 
 intelligent talk on general subjects, I returned inwardly 
 wretched and woke in tears. However, the cautious mood 
 did not last long, a bright morning, the beauty of the 
 hills, the togetherness, banished it utterly. I think he did 
 not quite guess all he was to me. Once I remember him 
 gracefully flung on the grass at my feet, looking search- 
 ingly up into my eyes, and saying, " I wonder if she is 
 laughing at me all the time ! " Another time there was a 
 thrilling whisper, " CM sa se mai ti soverrai de me ! " 
 
 I have just come across, in one of his manuscript books, 
 a passage almost identical with some observations he made 
 one wet summer day as we sat on the flags under the shel- 
 ter of the veranda of Glen Rhydding House, then un- 
 tenanted. The passage is : " When we speak of the cold- 
 ness of a philosophical Deism, recollect that hitherto 
 woman has not partaken of the creed. The finer sensibil- 
 ities of her nature have not clothed it for us. The Chris- 
 tian religion, which is in the ascendant, draws to itself 
 the womanly heart. If the manly intellect should place 
 
230 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 Deism in the place of Christianity, the womanly heart 
 will follow, and invest it with pathos and feeling." On 
 the occasion I refer to, I see the very look in his eyes, 
 half pleading, half pathetic, he said in reply to my be- 
 wailing the coldness of the simple creed : " Wait, wait, 
 till mothers have taught it to their children." 
 
 At this time he had a green morocco book of extracts, 
 from which he would often read to me. There were 
 several passages from Southey in it. " Not to the grave, 
 not to the grave, my soul," was one. The book being 
 lent to me, I was pleased to find an extract or two from 
 letters of mine. 
 
 It was a characteristic of the constant nature of the 
 man in thought and feeling more constant, more con- 
 tinuous, more consistent with his higher self than any I 
 have known to prefer repeating the old delights to seek- 
 ing after new. During the seven weeks spent together 
 the variety of walks was not great. We went often to 
 " Point Perfection " on Glen Rhydding Dod, a mossy pla- 
 teau well sheltered by trees, looking straight down on the 
 lake, and with fine views of Place Fell and the other hills 
 caught through the branches. It was so he liked his views 
 best, always he needed some interposing veil to deepen 
 the colors, to suggest as well as to reveal. " The half is 
 better than the whole " was a frequent utterance, which I 
 secretly found a little sad. Then there was a sweet shaded 
 knoll overhanging a " lake-like bend of river," looking to 
 Hartsop Dod. Oftenest of all we went to " our dear 
 brook " in the grounds of Patterdale Hall. Again there 
 was Deepdale, a somewhat longer walk ; and as I said be- 
 fore, a favorite birch-tree, good for sitting under and hear- 
 ing " In Memoriam. " Our poplars " were often visited, 
 for the sake of the exquisite thrill of their leaves to the 
 lightest summer wind. And there was a walk on the Gras- 
 mere bridle road, with peeps of the rapid brook deep below, 
 where we had a habit of standing long. On moonlight 
 
MEETING. 231 
 
 nights there was the watching the clouds from the church- 
 yard. And so the happy, happy time fitfully, painfully, 
 yet intensely happy time stole away, and the day of part- 
 ing had to be fixed ; then, by mutual consent, not spoken 
 about till it came. Always inferior to him, I did not then 
 understand his impulse to put away the painful future and 
 to live in the light of the present only. But now I see 
 that this habit of his mind, self-conquest, become a law of 
 his constitution, was one of the secrets of his singular 
 charm. You had the whole man at every successive mo- 
 ment. His joy in nature, in the presence of the human 
 love, to him ever manifestations of something higher, 
 was never clouded by anticipation, or dulled by compari- 
 son with the past. Whatever he said or did was always 
 spontaneous. He never repeated himself or divided him- 
 self. At the age of twenty he had written thus, describ- 
 ing a beautiful character under circumstances that strike 
 as a curious prevision of his own : " He is never looking 
 forward to the future, never resting his happiness on ex- 
 pectation. He enjoys the present moment as though it 
 were to be the only one of his existence, or rather he lives 
 in time as though he were already in eternity." Very 
 near the close of his pure life, the man who had so early 
 discerned the secret of at least making happy said to the 
 dear niece who was his companion in one of the last drives, 
 in reply to her expressed apprehension of rain, said, 
 laying his wasted hand on hers, " It is fine now, dear 
 Vi!" 
 
 And so, our parting was kept as much as possible out 
 of sight while we were together. But our hearts spoke 
 out more and more fully during those last days. On the 
 twenty-eighth of August a lovely day, and lovely night 
 we stood side by side, leaning against the low wall of 
 the churchyard, watching the moon rise behind Place 
 Fell, herself long unseen. She threw her light on the 
 soft clouds that took warm color of inexpressible beauty. 
 
232 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 I never see those tints without remembering that evening, 
 even through all the happy seeing together of after years. 
 We stood silent, or I cannot remember what was said. 
 Only he whispered, " We shall never forget each other 
 now." Then came the sad words, " But I am as power- 
 less to alter my destiny as to lift that church." That I 
 fully accepted, his love more than sufficed. 
 
 Two more days of even closer, dearer companionship, 
 evenings spent with him at Quarry Bank in the warm fire- 
 light glow. For my share in them I find recorded, 
 " Oh, too happy." Wednesday, the first of September, 
 was the parting day. We walked for the last time to the 
 sweet spot he called " Point Perfection." He read me 
 again " Ring out, wild bells." As I thought, I said good- 
 by at Quarry Bank. But no, he came to see us off. I 
 had a short, happy walk before the inexorable coach set 
 off. I see his hands delicate " fingers that felt like 
 brain " - resting on the coach door. One more smile 
 a flash of light always and we were no longer together. 
 But I had hope had we not fixed to meet at Rosstrevor ? 
 I " felt more than ever sure of his affection," and I had 
 love, unutterable, unuttered, after all my uttering 
 love which was life, which is so still ! 
 
CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 NEARER AND NEARER. 
 
 (From the Manuscript.) 
 
 MY four first letters have the Patterdale postmark. 
 He remained at Quarry Bank three weeks after my 
 mother and I left. Having heard him express a wish to 
 look over a work on physiology, I got my dear father to 
 procure it from an Edinburgh library, and in some way or 
 other contrived to leave with him Dr. Rowland Williams's 
 " Christianity and Hindooism." But the first letter says, 
 " I do not feel disposed to read. It is not easy to go back 
 to books if they are to be made the substitute for a very 
 charming society. Have I not been talking daily with 
 ' Divine Philosophy ' herself ? Was she not sitting but 
 the other evening in this very room ? Oh, this sweet fem- 
 inine personification makes the mere abstractions of the 
 book very wearisome. But to-morrow I will try and at- 
 tack ' Christianity and Hindooism.' One must come back, 
 come down, to the book. There is no help for it." And 
 the second letter says : " Since you left me more than a 
 week has passed, and I can recall nothing except a great 
 deal of rain and long idle reveries in which a hat with 
 fern leaves in it is perpetually coming and going. Think 
 what it must be to be suddenly let down from two walks 
 per diem to just nothing at all. I cannot take to these 
 books. I shall never settle down to read in this place 
 where I have enjoyed so delightful a society. How com- 
 pletely I gave myself up to its enjoyment ! That I should 
 pay some penalty for this great pleasure is nothing, but I 
 
234 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 do hope you will not reproach me for acting, as the astron- 
 omers say, as a ' disturbing force,' a disturbing force 
 on the fair and benign planet. That would grieve me to 
 think." 
 
 This is my answer to that portion of the letter. " 1 
 reproach you ! I ever, ever reproach you ! Wild, un- 
 natural, impossible words, that brought those tears to my 
 eyes, that choking pain to my heart, that I sometimes 
 waked with in my little room at Grisedale Bridge, fear- 
 ing that you did not care for me. But the pang is over. 
 Kindest nature, that would not hurt the meanest thing 
 that lives ! " And I go on so, writing cheerfully, for his 
 letter had grown sad at its close. But in the course of my 
 letter (it soothes me to re-write the words he read) I say : 
 " O my friend of friends, my friend in some special sense, 
 how beloved you cannot know, none can but He who 
 reads the hearts he frames, the poor planet yields to the 
 disturbing force without a struggle or without a regret. 
 And always, my sun, must that side be bright and smil- 
 ing which she turns to you. This be sure of, I bless 
 the day I saw you first, I bless every day I ever spent 
 with you. I am a thousand times happier even so hap- 
 pier, nobler, better, than before I knew you. And in- 
 deed, 
 
 ' What had I done, or what am I, that God 
 Should make me happier than his angels are ! ' " l 
 
 The proof of the second edition of " Thorndale " now 
 began to arrive. He writes : " How I wished that I could 
 have carried it off to Grisedale Bridge. It would have 
 been a pleasant incident to have happened while you were 
 here. I should have rushed off with it across the field, and 
 swept round the little churchyard with that alacrity of 
 step which often astonished the venerable ex-pastor watch- 
 ing me from his house. He seemed to watch my move- 
 1 Sir William Crichton. 
 
NEARER AND NEARER. 235 
 
 ments with some interest. He sees me now pass round 
 that corner with sobriety enough." 
 
 After three weeks of complete solitude he returned to 
 Keswick. I must make several extracts from this " long, 
 long letter," written in the minutest, delicatest hand. " If 
 I could send you a photograph of all my thoughts, I do 
 not think you would be displeased with the picture not 
 personally. You would not approve, for you would see 
 what large black spots had been wrought by certain mis- 
 erable reflections on my own social status on the 
 wretched isolation which circumstances seem to have 
 brought about for me and on a future which will prob- 
 ably darken as I proceed. But you would see your own 
 image very distinct, and looking quite as beautiful as it 
 did to the mother's eye that other evening you would 
 see it very prettily enshrined amongst the trees of Ulls- 
 water, where it was worshipped something more than the 
 trees, and you know that beautiful trees make me almost 
 an idolater. 
 
 " But I will begin my letter afresh, and start from 
 Monday morning and proceed chronologically. ' Half-way 
 up Helvellyn ! ' These I think were the last words in my 
 letter from Patterdale. But the half way became the 
 whole way. For I thought to myself, and probably said 1 
 to myself, ' There never could be a finer day for the ascent 
 clear as autumn, warm as summer and those noble 
 clouds, whose light in the sky and whose shadow on the 
 hills are almost equally beautiful. Why not see if a guide 
 and a pony are to be had ? ' Accordingly I bent my steps 
 to the hotel, and procured guide and pony, and ascended 
 to the glorious summit of Helvellyn. My guide was the 
 very perfection of a guide, for when we had reached the 
 top he drew a pipe from his pocket and sat himself down 
 
 1 This is an allusion to a little established jest of ours. When I 
 had first known him I had noticed that long solitude had induced this 
 habit. 
 
236 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 contentedly to smoke, leaving me to my own devices. 
 Nothing interfered with my pleasure except a remorseful 
 feeling that I had not persuaded you to make this expedi- 
 tion. The view was really very, very grand, but at the 
 same time so exquisitely beautiful from the delicate tints 
 and indescribable purples thrown over the whole scene, 
 that one knows not what word to apply to it. But you 
 don't want a description, nor can any mortal man give one 
 of such a view as this. 
 
 " Tuesday was if possible even a finer day than Mon- 
 day. I spent it paying a farewell visit to all the charm- 
 ing spots between Grisedale Bridge and Glen Coyn, where 
 we had sat and read and recited. I wished a good-by to 
 every birch-tree that was looking into the sky or bending 
 over the lake. But the night of Tuesday was even still 
 more glorious than the day. And you too were enjoying 
 that moonlight ? Was it not superb ? At about eleven 
 o'clock I walked out of my window, and strolled in the 
 direction of that little knoll by the stream, which I sus- 
 pect has found a place in your pocket-book. You re- 
 member that the stream takes a bend here, and is as calm 
 as a little lake would be. You can summon up all the 
 scene I was looking at Hartsop Dod in that ethereal 
 blue which a very bright moon throws upon the moun- 
 tains over the Dod a magnificent array of clouds bril- 
 liant with moonlight, and above them in a perfectly clear 
 sky the moon herself while part of this scene, the not- 
 forgotten trees near at hand, was reflected in the most 
 charming manner imaginable by the little lake-stream at 
 my feet. 
 
 " Wednesday came, and what a change ! What dire 
 rain ! Yet I persisted, under the umbrella, in paying a 
 last visit to the brook. . . . Just at four o'clock the rain 
 ceased, and I was not condemned to the interior I 
 mounted the box. The dark clouds, now rolling up from 
 the hills, brought out their color, and the last view I had 
 
NEARER AND NEARER. 237 
 
 of Ullswater from Gowborough Park was worthy of the 
 dear place and the charming reminiscences it will ever 
 bring to me. 1 
 
 " Wednesday evening therefore I reached Keswick, 
 and the dark fireless house looked desolate enough. . . . 
 Thank you for this pencil sketch. What an enviable resi- 
 dence must this be of your brother's ! It is quite a man- 
 sion, a palazzo ! I do not envy people who have mansions, 
 but I do envy, with almost a wicked envy, every one who 
 has a home in the country." Then, after alluding to a 
 " big desk " that had taken his fancy at Quarry Bank, he 
 says : " I am perforce writing on my old little one. But 
 I beg to say that I do not keep your letters in this little 
 open desk. I must tell you that I found in my portman- 
 teau, which is never 4 put to rights,' but has all sorts of 
 rubbish squeezed into corners, a pocket-book long ago pur- 
 chased in Belgium, and which has neither been used nor 
 thrown away. Into this I deposit your letters. And 
 what do you think was the learned book that occupied me 
 yesterday evening? It was precisely this pocket-book. 
 I took out the letters, and read every one of them through, 
 every word. May not this go for an answer to something 
 said in your last ? I do not know how to express the 
 tenderness that comes over me as I read them. Fit words 
 won't come not to the pen they might come in speech 
 more readily than wisely. Do you know when I look at 
 that sketch you have sent me of your brother's house, I 
 feel so acutely what a sort of vagabond I am. And you 
 sit up there in the marked window ! Somewhat different 
 from the little room at Grisedale Bridge." 
 
 How vividly I remember the intense feeling this letter 
 stirred ! His was not only the nature to command my 
 
 1 He never saw it again. The first year after our marriage he 
 said we would return to Patterdale after we had been married ten 
 years. The ten years came round, but he was occupied at Newton 
 Place and reluctant to move. 
 
238 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 reverence, but his the circumstances to call out, nay, to 
 create, a tenderness till then unguessed at. Something 
 there was in my nature which might have led to caprice, 
 to momentary antagonisms, which had so led in other 
 relations. A rich, a prosperous man could never have 
 had my worship oh, it was given without stint or cal- 
 culation to this lonely thinker ! I will copy a few words 
 from the letter I wrote, because he liked it. After a 
 burst of ecstasy at the " reading over " of my " four let- 
 ters," I say : " There they all are down-stairs I am so 
 sorry for them all they don't know you! My dear 
 mother does, and she thinks of you very much as I do 
 are you at all aware of that ? My sweet, loving little 
 Mary comes and kisses me constantly, and looks peering 
 into my eyes as though she saw some new image there. 
 Whose is it, say whose is it ? But the other benighted 
 mortals have never seen you. I from my upper chamber 
 shrug my shoulders compassionately, and ' I write ' yes, 
 just what I choose I am not to be daunted. . . . How 
 I delight in knowing where you walk and what you do. 
 I could not follow you up Helvellyn. My twenty-year-ago 
 memory of it is very dim. But I can follow you up Glen 
 Coyn, and to that consecrated knoll. As we stood to- 
 gether there the sky grew bluer, the air softer, the very 
 sun shone brighter through the greener leaves. I must 
 go down to prayers. All my prayer is : ' Father, bless 
 him teach him guide him make my love a bless- 
 ing.' ' (This prayer I dare to believe was fulfilled.) 
 
 After his answering letter, the next two are very sad 
 at Keswick he had felt " every one standing aloof." The 
 clergyman had met him in the library, and had com- 
 mented in pastor-like strain, but " very courteously," on 
 the " shortcomings " of " Thorndale." How gently he 
 treated of this , just in these words ! " Is it not rather 
 weak for such a man not to see that I do not belong to his 
 camp ? that I am camped out there, not hostilely but 
 
NEARER AND NEARER. 239 
 
 separately, digging out our entrenchments I and oth- 
 ers as well as we can, on the common earth, under 
 the common sky." Then there were discomforts noisy 
 fellow-lodgers. " It is hard," he says, " to be alone, and 
 not to have quiet ! * Do I ever wish you were here ? ' 
 Does any evening pass without the wish ? I do not think 
 your experience can give you any just idea of what these 
 long solitary evenings sometimes are to me." 
 
 Who can wonder that the sadness, the solitude, that 
 breathe from these letters made me plead the more earnestly 
 for our meeting again ? [In a previous letter, she had hinted 
 at " a hope the most reasonable, sober-minded, common- 
 sensible hope in the world that he should spend some 
 winter weeks in Edinburgh."] I had seen him for six weeks 
 radiantly joyous ; he had told me he " had never spent so 
 happy a summer," " never met a nature that he liked so 
 well as mine." The next letter, of the tenth of October, 
 was still sadder than its predecessor. Here are the words 
 that wrung my heart : " I would write a cheerful and in- 
 spiring letter if I could, but the long, lonely, gloomy days 
 pass one after the other, and if I can contrive to keep my 
 mind so far occupied as not to sink into any quite morbid 
 condition, it is all I can manage. Day after day, month after 
 month, year after year, has passed of this gloomy uncom- 
 panioned life. Can you wonder that there is little energy 
 left in the man ? little capability of hope or of enterprise ? 
 that he sits down in despondency and says, ' What has been 
 must be, and it will be all over soon ! ' I am glad to 
 have my answer to this before me now. I tried to cheer, 
 I did cheer, for the next letter was brighter far, though it 
 says : " I think all day at intervals of your letters, and 
 lie awake half the night thinking of them. I have had 
 many indecisions, battles with myself, what to do or what 
 I ought to do but few indecisions have given me more 
 anxiety and concern than this about the journey to Edin- 
 burgh. . . . Such terms as pleasurable visit and the like, 
 
240 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 although I might use them, are not applicable. Oh, you 
 were quite right when you say we were en rapport, and 
 we are so still." Then follow life-giving words ! How well 
 I remember walking that, day up a very steep hill in the 
 strength they lent. For I wanted nothing but his love, 
 and sometimes his presence for the sake of both. I must 
 have written back in cheerful strain, and given an account 
 of visits, people (but of that long letter he only kept 
 the postscript ! He too cared most to be told what he 
 knew*). Yet in this letter too there are sad hints. " Oh, 
 you little know what a person like me, with my simple 
 habits, means when he talks of that 4 Shadow feared of 
 men ! ' : Then comes, in letter after letter, in one form 
 or another, the haunting question, " What right have I? " 
 At one time he even tells me he has been tempted to send 
 " arithmetical figures." But I could not surrender my 
 hope. All the letters contained touches of sadness : ." I 
 see no one speak to no one. I often think one word or 
 two of exhilarating conversation would give me some en- 
 ergy and spirit. I am sallow as a ghost." And I knew 
 that I could at least ward off gloom from the present, and 
 I could have bartered for that all my future ! I do not 
 speak of my own yearning for his voice, his smile. Per- 
 sonal feeling might have been sometimes piqued by his 
 irresolution, which I could not then so fully understand. 
 Now I see of course what it was that made the debate. 
 He thought me many years younger than I was, thought 
 too that the " heart and faith union " was imperatively 
 necessary to my happiness. I only love him the more for 
 every scruple that tortured me then ! On the second of 
 December, one of my life's intensest joys was bestowed. 
 I had heard that he was coming. I had found rooms for 
 him. But late that night, walking back with Mary from 
 Mrs. Jones's, I saw the light in his window ! 
 
NEARER AND NEARER. 241 
 
 (From the Memoir.) 
 
 In the winter he came to Edinburgh for some weeks 
 came after much irresolution, and with many scruples, 
 such as will easily be imagined in a nature so fastidiously 
 honorable, so purely unselfish as his. On my part there 
 were no scruples. In heart and soul, through life to 
 death, I knew that I was his. Poverty might indeed pre- 
 clude much, but that nothing could alter, and to be the 
 chosen and the dearest friend of such a one as he seemed 
 to me, and, what is more remarkable, seemed to my most 
 fond and partial mother, a high if not altogether a happy 
 destiny. I may here quote a passage from a review by 
 him of Gray's Letters (written four years before the time 
 I am speaking of), because it was verified in the life of 
 both of us : " How grossly do we err, indeed, when we 
 think that youth is the especial or exclusive season of 
 friendship, or even of love ! In the experience of many 
 it has been found that the want of the heart, the thirst 
 for affection, has been felt far more in manhood than in 
 early years." 
 
 The six weeks spent in Edinburgh were for him social, 
 cheerful weeks. For the first time I saw him in society. 
 In a gathering of strangers he would often sit silent ; and 
 I noticed, with some amusement, how any complimentary 
 allusion to his book would embarrass him, and make him 
 look round for a way of escape. Perhaps this may have 
 led to his being called a shy man. I never thought the 
 epithet descriptive. He chose to retire, was more swift 
 to hear than to speak, preferred learning from others to 
 setting them right, and was very sensitive of social atmos- 
 phere. But when that atmosphere was congenial, he was 
 more completely frank, and more invariably elicited frank- 
 ness from others than sufferers from shyness can. 1 Dur- 
 
 1 I recollect Dr. Robert Chambers, at whose house William once 
 dined, observing to me, after some htlmorous lamentations about the 
 
242 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 ing his stay in Edinburgh we were of course much to- 
 gether, and my dear father now learned in a measure to 
 know him. I say " in a measure," for he, alas ! was 
 blind, and could not see the animated face, the smile 
 which was as it were the key to the whole man ; so that to 
 those who never saw it I despair of conveying the secret 
 of his personal influence. 
 
 (From the Manuscript.) 
 
 What bright days those winter ones were ! made up of 
 meetings. In the morning, always the walk, the talk, un- 
 fettered and careless as though still in the country he 
 a singular figure, in a very old-fashioned military cloak ; 
 I seeing and caring for none but him, and carrying his 
 frugal luncheon, biscuits and candied apricots, which he 
 would eat in some quiet street or terrace. Then the 
 evening ! Sometimes, but seldom, he dined out, at Mr. 
 Blackwood's. Sometimes we spent some hours together 
 at Mr. Constable's or Mrs. Stirling's, but if so we returned 
 to our own cheery home to talk it all over, and have a 
 supplementary supper. Generally, however, he came for 
 the whole evening read to us, Dickens, Shakespeare, 
 Philip Van Artevelde. Then the happy hours of perfect 
 companionship ! I saw new phases of his character, too. 
 I saw him in society, so shrinking from praise, so expand- 
 ing to cordiality, so sparkling in conversation with some, 
 so simple and real with all. Every one took to him, felt 
 his charm and his rarity. On December thirty-first I 
 note in my pocket-book : " He sat here till one. God 
 bless him ! This year ended very happily." . . . Those 
 remembered fire-lights lighting up the green walls and 
 red curtains of what he called " a charming room " 
 lighting up his slight figure and thoughtful brow, from 
 
 universality of the name of Smith, that he had " never seen a man 
 whom he could so soon love." Dr. Chambers could not have sus- 
 pected the interest I felt in hearing him say so. 
 
NEARER AND NEARER. 243 
 
 which in those hours of intense feeling every furrow was 
 smoothed away I at his feet it was my joy to sit 
 there. Oh, only Love ! I cannot bear, except in flashes, 
 to recall those hours ! 
 
 [They parted early in the new year, " under the stars 
 
 both very sad," and he went to Brighton.] . . . 
 Writing toward the end of February, he touches upon 
 "Mill's last book on Liberty " (sent him by the author, 
 which he did not say) : " You would really like to look 
 into it, if only for the tender and eulogistic mention that 
 he makes, at the commencement, of his late wife. He, 
 the philosopher par excellence, attributes all that is best 
 in his own writings to her influence. The book itself is 
 not dry many parts are eloquent. You will not agree 
 with it entirely, and I too have my reservations, but there 
 are some profound truths powerfully stated. More es- 
 pecially was I delighted to see him bring forward the 
 value of the energy the spontaneous, God-given energy 
 
 of the individual man. In one point of view, this 
 seems a mere truism, yet it is a truism, as he himself says, 
 which one hardly ever sees recognized in its full mean- 
 ing." I suppose that I had thought general subjects had 
 occupied too large a space in these last letters that my 
 heart cried out for personal matter that, remembering 
 spoken words, I had quarrelled with the reticence of the 
 pen for he begins the next : " You very dear one, 
 what can I say or do ? I could find it in my heart to 
 cover this paper with expressions of affection very 
 honest, true, humble, genuine, and devotional ! And yet 
 the next moment, I must hold up the threadbare cloak 
 of the poor philosopher, and shake it at you. I must! 
 Not that I have a perverse attachment to threadbare 
 cloaks, or any threadbare mode of existence. I quite 
 agree with the writer in this month's ' Blackwood,' that 
 there is no virtue in emulating the scarecrow but you 
 might as well object to the scarecrow himself as to some 
 
244 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 of us. Such sticks were never designed, in the nature 
 of things, to face the world in any but a scarecrow 
 fashion. The poor philosopher, and his brother who 
 stands there in the centre of the field, cannot possibly 
 help themselves." How this strain must have called out 
 all the passion of my reverence and love, my own heart 
 would tell me, even if I did not find it in his next letter. 
 
 ... In another letter, he humorously lauds the little 
 shilling photograph he had given me, while he deprecates 
 my insistence on his sending me his bust, which then I 
 had only heard of, not seen, but which was acknowledged 
 to be mine. He pleads : " Bear me witness every stone 
 in Princes Street ! I did constantly protest against any 
 project of transporting it to Edinburgh. . . Besides it is 
 a cheat now, for it was done many years ago when I was 
 young ' ah, woeful when ! ' The photograph is so much 
 better, and I do think that was such a lucky specimen. 
 It seems to me that the sun must have smiled on me that 
 day, and purposely flattered me giving me a certain 
 air of respectability, which I am conscious that the orig- 
 inal does not possess. If had seen this instead of 
 
 the man himself, he would not have said, 'Just such 
 a fellow as one would take for a sceptic.' But he would 
 have said, ' Ha, now ! That is a respectable country 
 gentleman, who however you see has not been alto- 
 gether idle with his brain respectable and intelligent.' 
 Oh, keep to that photograph ! " The next letter is a little 
 sad. Of " Thorndale " he says : " It 's sinking down 
 into the Eternal Silences. Best perhaps that it should 
 be so. What one has to do is to read on, and think 
 on, and try to get a firmer grasp on certain matters." 
 At this time he was " studying St. Paul with the assist- 
 ance of Jowett," and re-reading Maurice's "Theolog- 
 ical Essays." He writes : " My impression is that no 
 modern divine whom I have ever heard or read gives so 
 faithful an interpretation of the leading ideas of St. Paul. 
 
NEARER AND NEARER. 245 
 
 Did you ever read this volume ? Maurice is talked of gen- 
 erally as if he were a denier he is viewed only as an op- 
 ponent to certain orthodox notions but he is in fact what 
 people for want of a better word call a mystic." In the 
 course of a few days he sent me the " Theological Essays," 
 putting the L. C. C. and the date in the book. He says 
 of the Essays : " They at all events can do only good. 
 They raise the standard of piety and of morals, while they 
 liberate from some of the harsher dogmas*" The book 
 stands there before me now. Oh, my good angel from 
 first to last, so gently wise, letting in light so softly upon 
 the poor eyes that dreaded it, you would have forgiven 
 me for loving better than the highest teaching these simple 
 words in the same letter : " How could you think of ask- 
 ing such a question as whether the books quite drive out 
 all thoughts of you ? Why, I can read nothing as I ought 
 to read it, for thinking of you. No book lays hold of my 
 attention half firmly enough. Even such peace as poor 
 despondent men attain to, and seem entitled to, has not 
 been mine of late." 
 
 For me he had excellent advice. During this spring, 
 as before and after, I was trying by humble pen-work 
 translation, notices, or epitomes of books to eke out my 
 own very small family income, and I feared one of these 
 resources was about to fail. He wrote : " Think and read, 
 and beautiful things will grow up under that so ' femi- 
 nine brow ; ' under that pleasant archway fair trains of 
 imagery will be passing. Possess your thoughts in peace 
 let your mind develop itself free as the white cloud 
 that has half the sky to itself." 
 
 (From the Memoir.) 
 
 We could not now consent to long separations ; the 
 summers we might at least contrive to spend together, 
 and therefore, breaking through the habit of years, Wil- 
 liam Smith forsook his dear Lake country, and in the 
 
246 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 May of 1859 we met at Dunkeld. During this summer a 
 fervent protest of his against the explanation given by 
 Dr. Mansel of " The Limits of Religious Thought " ap- 
 peared in " Blackwood's Magazine," a and he was occupied 
 in writing a review of Sir William Hamilton's " Lectures 
 on Metaphysics." Our talks now more frequently took 
 an abstract character. He would lead me into his own 
 favorite sphere of philosophical thought, and, untrained 
 as my mind was, any receptivity it had lay in that direc- 
 tion. On other points, too, I could not but be insensibly 
 modified by his companionship. 
 
 1 " The true reality, we repeat, for each one of us lies in those di- 
 vine attributes manifested in the very nature of the world and of 
 humanity, and from which we necessarily infer the Divine Being, and 
 not in the scholastics' notions of the Absolute and the Infinite." 
 
CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 UNITED. 
 
 (From the Manuscript.) 
 
 ON the twelfth of May, 1859, the entry in the pocket- 
 book is in his handwriting. " Mr. Smith arrived by the 
 11.12 train. We walked by the river were out three 
 hours. He came in the evening at six. We walked be- 
 yond Inver. I went to see his room at Mrs. Christie's. 
 Mr. S. returned with me." One flash of his light-hearted- 
 ness that morning I remember. I had been reading 
 "Thorndale," and said something about it to which he 
 replied by a delicious anachronism : " Oh, dear, it 's your 
 book! " I see his very smile in saying this, as we turned 
 into the broad grass walk that then led from Birnam 
 past the great trees sole relics of the ancient woods 
 along the deep rapid flow of the Tay. 
 
 And now it is difficult to know how much to tell of the 
 next four months. I have only the records in my pocket- 
 book, and the fond memories too sacred for utterance. I 
 was busily occupied just then in translating, compiling, 
 etc., and he was ever ready to help in his own incompa- 
 rable way so simply and spontaneously and as it were 
 unconsciously, that help from him was pure help, could 
 never become obligation, could never weigh on memory. 
 
 The entries in my journal, however, are seldom unquali- 
 fiedly cheerful. They are full of extremes morning 
 walks all brightness and present joy, but evenings that 
 closed in all gloomy and gray, and told upon the sensitive 
 organism of my " sun spirit, " as I sometimes called him ; 
 
248 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 evenings when the future seemed all isolation and failure ; 
 or else mornings when the talk would run into painful 
 channels, let it begin ever so abstractedly, but evenings of 
 intense, silent joy, that left their deep traces in the con- 
 sciousness of both. 
 
 . . . We did not much vary our walks at Dunkeld, any 
 more than at Patterdale. The summer was a fine one, we 
 sat out much, and almost always had a book with us, 
 though I think it was less and less read. There was 
 no subject on which he did not talk to me, however 
 unfamiliar to my ignorance. And all his depression, his 
 sad anticipation, his discouragement, he shared with me 
 more and more unreservedly. . . . He brought me Ten- 
 nyson's " Idylls of the King ; " and oh, how beautiful they 
 were when read by him those who heard them often in af- 
 ter years will never forget. So the summer glided by. It 
 had brought us nearer, but no ray of further hope ap- 
 peared. Indeed, when I think of our circumstances as they 
 were then, I cannot well imagine anything more discour- 
 aging. And yet, a new phrase became current toward 
 the end of our mutual life, " There is no saying what may 
 happen," and to both it meant not only possible future 
 meetings, but what was confessedly, demonstrably, the 
 impossible ! Good-by, then, my sweet memories of Dun- 
 keld of our long rests, half buried in heather and ferns, 
 watching the waving of the well-loved birches on the com- 
 mon, watching the great clouds above the Grampians, 
 watching once the delicious gambols of a large family of 
 white goats, who had no suspicion of our presence 1 
 watching always, dearer and more important to me than 
 all earth and sky, the least change that passed over his 
 face, least shadow overcasting the radiant smile, least hint 
 of sadness in the dark, far-gazing eyes. On the sixteenth 
 of September we had our last walk he went with us to 
 the station, but I would not let him stay till the train 
 moved. I saw him off and the joy that had been, 
 
UNITED. 249 
 
 words he had said, and the intimate sense that nothing 
 could sever our hearts and minds, supported me ; so that 
 only on the following day the already familiar anguish 
 fastened on me the want of everything. . . . 
 
 [Soon afterward, he had a slight illness at Keswick. 
 The letters soon told of health improving, but the spirits 
 flagged.] " Yes, yes you know that you hold a place in 
 my mind and affections that no one else holds, and that 
 no one will ever hold again. But you know also what 
 manner of man it is who says this, and from what sort of 
 hopeless environment he says it. This illness would be 
 enough to humble me if I wanted such a lesson. Weak, 
 weak body and mind, body and mind. ' Too late, too 
 late ! Ye cannot enter now ! ' I will not let hope get 
 into my mind, but will just fold my old cloak round me, 
 and walk as quietly and cheerfully as I can down this 
 long lane that has no turning" And then he plunges 
 into other subjects my translations, tales, and the rest, 
 which he revised for me ; financial matters concerning me ; 
 my health, etc. I was not well at this time ; had sudden 
 attacks, of no significance as the sequel proved, but I am 
 sure they helped me. To die seemed sweeter than to live 
 on without him, and if I died I could be of some little use. 
 Accordingly I made my will, and supported my spirits 
 somewhat thereby! 
 
 [A passing visit was made by Lucy and her mother at 
 Keswick, which yielded a happy fortnight.] But though 
 I tell in my pocket-book of " happiest hours nature 
 and him," there were some sad hours in which I strove 
 against his firm resolve against spending the winter in 
 Edinburgh. That he would not do not, he said, from 
 want of affection ; he loved me " quite enough, too much ; " 
 but for reasons that he did not then give. I think the 
 horror of the observation he would excite, the sense of ut- 
 ter hopelessness, making all comment upon the situation 
 painful, had a good deal to do with it. Yet it was hard 
 
250 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 for the hope to quite die in my heart. A singular little 
 incident comes in here. I had changed a ten-pound note 
 on the morning of our departure, and after paying our 
 little weekly bill put the purse into my pocket. It was a 
 very wet day. At the coach office, settling myself in the 
 wretched vehicle and looking for my purse in order to pay 
 the fare, I discovered that the pocket was empty. Kind 
 Miss Buchan, who was " seeing us off," at once rushed 
 back to our lodging to see whether peradventure it had 
 been left there, and, passing Mr. Smith in a sheltering 
 doorway, " ready to take off his wide-awake in the most 
 graceful manner he could " when the coach should pass, 
 she told him of the disaster. Instantly he was with us, 
 and the contents of his purse poured into my mother's lap 
 no counting, scarce any knowing what he did. A little 
 thing, and yet done in a way his way which my dear 
 mother, herself the most generous of women, pronounced 
 special and never to be forgotten. How earnest the dark 
 eyes were ! " Was there enough ? " " Oh, too much, too 
 much ! " And the coach rolled away. The loss was in- 
 explicable, for we had met no one in the deluged streets. 
 The crier was sent out at once to " cry the purse," and on 
 the Monday following he wrote a few hurried lines to say 
 he had heard something of a purse found he was " so 
 distressed to think of the pretty story " I had earned 
 that ten pounds " going that way." The end of it was 
 that he, the most truthful human being I ever knew, de- 
 liberately concocted a tale which entirely took me in; 
 which never wakened in my mother or myself an instant's 
 surprise ; which was cleverly circumstantial, freeing from 
 suspicion the one around whom my suspicion had flitted ; 
 involving no one but some unknown girl in the fault of 
 having found and kept the money and done away with the 
 purse as a precautionary measure. It was a great relief 
 to me at the time to recover that little sum, and only when 
 we were married, when I could not repay him, did the 
 
UNITED. 251 
 
 real truth transpire ! Oh, I like to think how brightly 
 he must have smiled to himself over the success of his 
 ruse ! 
 
 After these matters of finance, repayment, transmission 
 of the supposed balance, had been got through, he sits 
 down a week after our departure to write " a very long 
 letter," after a "dreary, solitary day and no particular 
 task in hand." Most of this letter consists of sympathiz- 
 ing comment upon my family perplexities, which rather 
 overwhelmed me just then. (I thankfully acknowledge 
 they were not too great. How they enhanced but that 
 did not need enhancing how they taught me to measure, 
 to realize, the bliss of the after years !) He says : " Ah 
 me ! what a multitude of things the dear head has to think 
 of ! I don't know whether to congratulate you or not on 
 being so indispensable. Who could take your place ? 
 Yet it is hard that the dear bird, like a bird carved in 
 stone, should be fixed and prisoned because it is the key- 
 stone of the arch. To be of no use to any one or of 
 too much use 4 1 know not which is better, no, not I,' or 
 rather which is worse." 
 
 . . . [He withstood the proposed Edinburgh visit.] 
 He wrote : " All I know is that I for my own part feel 
 my heart going out toward a certain impossibility, and 
 that cannot be wise that is a sort of insanity. I don't 
 want to be insane I want to keep my head must have 
 a little use and possession of this bit of brain it is all 
 I have for occupation or for pleasure." 
 
 Again he says : " Be generous, and do not use all your 
 power." But I suffered, and I fear I was not generous 
 in hiding it. He writes : " I have such a heart of lead ! 
 I cannot attempt to describe the pain which your pain 
 gives me and I have my own too. Indeed it will be 
 with a very sad heart that I shall bend next week toward 
 Brighton. I feel something of the same strange pang 
 that I had in parting with you at Edinburgh. I am not 
 
252 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 wood and stone and I know that if a little sunshine of 
 a vulgar prosperity that you often despise had fallen upon 
 me the heart also would have been free to open." It was 
 decided, then ! He says : " I seem to myself to have de- 
 cided rightly, but how wretched I have been while adher- 
 ing to this decision it would be vain and useless and 
 worse than useless to say." He owns that " these long 
 evenings are very trying, but I have been accustomed 
 through many years to live with almost no pleasure ex- 
 cept what a book and a walk can supply." He says too : 
 " You have wrought a revolution in my tastes. I used to 
 say ' Society between the four walls of a house, but my 
 walks alone,' and now I have learnt to like my walk with 
 another with one other." 
 
 [Two months later, a visit of hers with her dear friend 
 Mrs. Ruck in London allowed some happy days together, 
 and the- opportunity of meeting in Brighton his beloved 
 nieces and their mother.] Mrs. Ruck and he were in- 
 stantly at home with each other related natures. He 
 felt the full charm of her " frank and cordial reception," 
 " did not feel himself a perfect stranger in her house for 
 one moment." At this time he went out pretty frequently 
 in an evening, and his letters contain many bright de- 
 scriptive touches sketches in half a dozen words. " I 
 
 have been spending an hour at . I found the rooms 
 
 full, and chiefly with strangers. A certain social ambi- 
 tion naturally accompanies the larger drawing-room. I 
 was not sorry to come away. No, indeed, I never fled 
 from society. I like society dearly, but it is after my own 
 fashion. Hot and crowded rooms I most certainly should 
 avoid, whatever entree I might have to them. As you 
 know, I live only on the crumbs of society, just pick up 
 a grain or two of such pleasure, like some strange fowl 
 who is not recognized as altogether belonging to the poul- 
 try-yard." ... In another letter he writes : " You see 
 I do not fable when I tell you that ' Thorndale ' has had its 
 
UNITED. 253 
 
 little day. . . . Indeed I am not morbid; I would be 
 hopeful if I could. I sometimes try very hard to be hope- 
 ful, for such happy dreams would follow. You have told 
 me I might dream at least." 
 
 The third of May, 1860, found him and me and my 
 dear mother comfortably installed as joint tenants, for 
 five months, of Mount Hazel, a farmhouse in Carnar- 
 vonshire, not far from the coast. On the most exquisite 
 May-day imaginable, my beloved mother and I, having 
 slept at Carlisle the night before, left it at ten, and reached 
 Mount Hazel at eleven at night. This long day of travel- 
 ling remains in my mind as one of the happiest I have 
 known a very rapture of anticipation. On our arrival, 
 there was a certain reaction the house looked dreary 
 would he like it ? The next day was spent in arranging 
 the rooms. The next, the third of May, there was a let- 
 ter to him, a line from him he would arrive in the even- 
 ing. I went out in the afternon to gather primroses. I 
 met him unexpectedly. I saw the dear face flush crimson. 
 For me, I read in my pocket-book : " A life's joy in a 
 moment." 
 
 . . . Dunkeld had been a great advance upon Patter- 
 dale, because the evenings were always spent together. 
 But Mount Hazel improved upon Dunkeld we were in 
 the same house, and he dined with us ! That made the 
 little meal a significant festival. The day's routine was 
 this : He breakfasted alone ; he wrote or read till eleven 
 or twelve, then came for me and the morning walk. We 
 dined at three (his hour) ; then he returned to his own 
 room and had his early tea ; then the second walk, but 
 not always; I sometimes went out with my precious 
 mother. Then supper, chess, and, when my mother 
 feigned to be sleepy and went early to bed, our own 
 hour ! 
 
 Then but I only know it years later I was allowed 
 to win at chess always one game. I used to wonder at my 
 
254 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 own skill, he fought so skilfully up to defeat ! He saw 
 that I was childish enough to like winning a well-con- 
 tested game, and he liked giving it me. . . . One of our 
 pleasures consisted in standing long by walls with broad 
 grassy top, confining our attention to a space about a foot 
 square, and showing each other all each discovered. No 
 recollection of him is more vivid than this. Short-sighted 
 as he was, the little details generally escaped him, but 
 these walls were conveniently high. Oh, I see the grace- 
 ful, slight figure ; the delicate hand gently, tenderly, ex- 
 ploring the grass and leaves ; the brown eyes lit with 
 pleasure at the discovery of some small fly with rainbow 
 tints in its tiny wings, some burnished beetle, some very 
 long-legged spider with seven-league boots striding over 
 our area and away! What wonders we discovered in 
 familiar things ! He loved and reverenced all life. These 
 were our compensations on dull days, under the umbrella, 
 but a bright morning always tempted us down to the 
 shore. 
 
 On the thirteenth, he met me coming back from morn- 
 ing service, and we sat long on a stone, and he told me 
 all I had so long wished to know of the early romance a 
 poet's life must have held. I cannot remember what led 
 to his doing so, except that he liked me " to look him 
 through and through." How I cried, from most complex 
 feelings ! He told it all very simply, as he had done in a 
 paper of his called " Wild Oats," published in " Black- 
 wood " in 1840. There was therefore an interval of more 
 than twenty years between that " miserable fortnight " 
 and the bright day when we sat together but how my 
 tears flowed ! 
 
 An incident which caused me some unexpressed regret 
 was his refusing an offer of Mr. Blackwood's, which 
 would have been advantageous in one sense. Mr. Black- 
 wood wished him to undertake the translation of IVJonta- 
 lembert's " Monks of the West." There were to be six 
 
UNITED. 255 
 
 volumes, and sixty pounds was offered for each volume. 
 But ho could not entertain the idea. He needed the time 
 for his own thinking even more than his own writing, and 
 he felt that there would have been a " certain insincerity 
 involved " his standpoint and the author's differing so 
 essentially. 
 
 (From the Memoir.) 
 
 For some months past William's mind had been oc- 
 cupied with the idea of another book, and on one of these 
 May-days I was called into his study to listen to the in- 
 troductory chapter of " Gravenhurst." But although he 
 only wrote two short papers for the magazine, the book did 
 not get on very fast during the happy times spent, first 
 at Mount Hazel, and then at Llanberis. Our mountain 
 walks were so long, and we were so much together. Noth- 
 ing, indeed, was materially changed in our outward posi- 
 tion, but obstacles weighed less upon our spirits than they 
 had done at Dunkeld ; we succeeded better, at all events, 
 in pushing them out of sight ; and the nearly five months 
 of constant companionship had brought about a still more 
 complete sympathy. For under his influence I could not 
 but grow a little wiser and worthier. Parting was a 
 great pain, but this time I think he felt it even more 
 than I. 
 
 (From the Manuscript.) 
 
 I find in my pocket-book that toward the end of my 
 stay he " talked of ways and means." But the entries are 
 very meagre, and monotonously happy, " So happy ! " 
 My precious, perfect mother, enhanced every joy by 
 her sharing. I was not very robust, and certainly 
 overwalked myself that summer. I well remember his 
 anxiety about it, but the spell of the mountains was too 
 strong. Dear Mount Eileo, our favorite hill, so green, 
 so cheerful with its view of the Straits ; dear spurs of 
 Snowdon, whence we looked down on the Pass ! Dear 
 country walks, that I have taken alone, remembering ! 
 
256 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 I was busy at Llanberis, as I had been at Mount Hazel ; 
 translating Victor Hugo's possible poems in the Legendes 
 given me by Mr. Smith, summarizing, writing tales ; 
 making little indeed, but still the small sums were cheer- 
 ing. He wrote some of the conversations in " Graven- 
 hurst," but he was not absorbed in work. I used to pre- 
 sent myself at his window before breakfast, with a few 
 raspberries or a flower, and often in the afternoon I 
 walked with him up and down his long and rather dark 
 room. He was always cheerful, radiant, except indeed 
 when the parting came. This time I was happy even 
 on that day ! the twenty-fifth of September. I felt that 
 our hearts and minds were more inextricably interwoven 
 than ever. 
 
 I have been reading over letters to Mary written dur- 
 ing these months, and they are full of loving details. I 
 tell her when the end of that happiness had nearly come : 
 " I have been living in such a pure, high moral atmos- 
 phere ! Never a personal topic, never anything censori- 
 ous or small, never a cloud of temper, a touch of selfish- 
 ness. Italian politics have interested us a good deal, of 
 course. It is delightful to talk over the paper with him 
 he is so enthusiastic as well as wise. I think I shall 
 have nothing at all to say to people in general ! They 
 will seem so narrow, so intolerant, so very little ! His is 
 a delightful wholesale way of dealing with such questions. 
 ... The parting will be terrible to ine, and he too will 
 feel it, but I thank God I know such a man, and I am 
 sure that nothing but death will ever break the tie be- 
 tween us." It was this certainty that upheld me. His 
 letter, written the evening of the day we parted, ends, 
 64 You wished to be missed, you said but you would not 
 wish to be so much missed as you are." Oh, I too was 
 waking to the anguish of the parted life which always 
 got worse and worse. 
 
 [One of the friends who had visited Mrs. Gumming and 
 
UNITED. 257 
 
 her daughter at Mount Hazel, "beautiful Eugenie 
 
 W ," was soon to have a visit from Lucy at her home, 
 
 Bronywendon, and invited Mr. Smith to come also ; and 
 this invitation he after some hesitation accepted.] On 
 the fourth of October we walked by the shore to Col- 
 wyn, and I showed him the caves, haunts of my child- 
 hood, of which two years before he had written : " Yes ! 
 To visit with you those caves you used to sit in when a 
 child, taking your Bible to read in there all alone that 
 would be very pleasant, more than pleasant." It was 
 more than pleasant! We were both in highest spirits, 
 and had come to talking somewhat less vaguely of the 
 future. The phrase that had sprung up at Dunkeld, 
 " There is no saying what may happen," had by this time 
 expanded into a dream of Switzerland seen together. It 
 seemed, among other impossibilities, impossible that I 
 should leave my parents entirely but how if the sum- 
 mers were his and mine ? Something if not of impos- 
 sibility of extreme difficulty was arraying itself against 
 any repetition of the last three summers. Comment, op- 
 position, had begun would grow. What was to be 
 done ? As he wrote a few weeks later, " I cannot be 
 given up cannot have no more happy summers." But 
 just now we were together, and I can only recall one touch 
 of sadness on the shore one Saturday afternoon when 
 the sun got low and he spoke of his far past, of certain in- 
 congruities between his calling and his tendencies, of his 
 loneliness of thought even among his kindred. Sunday 
 was a blessed day of rambling on breezy downs, the shin- 
 ing sea below it was all present enjoyment a pres- 
 ent so bright it seemed to include and ensure the future. 
 On Monday morning there was a long stroll in the shrub- 
 bery, a parting at the Abergele station that had no sad- 
 ness at least outwardly, and he travelled on to Bath, and 
 I left our sweet and sympathizing hostess and returned to 
 Garthewin. 
 
258 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 . . . During our days at Bronywendon a book to be 
 translated came to me, Madame de Gasparin's " Near and 
 Heavenly Horizons," and it soon appeared that this book 
 was wanted speedily alarmingly so to me, whose life at 
 Garthewin had social interruptions. Ah, how joyously, 
 beloved, you came to the rescue ! " Tell me if you think 
 I can help. Will the hard words be too many for me ? 
 Will you have as much trouble in looking over and re- 
 copying my translation as doing it yourself ? " Looking 
 over! But to his simple unconsciousness that did not 
 seem preposterous as it was. Indeed, I had cause to be 
 grateful for his proffered assistance, for as his next letter 
 shows the task was too heavy. " What you tell me about 
 your eyesight and the pain across the forehead quite 
 alarms me. What are all the translations in the world, 
 and all that ever came of them, to your own precious 
 eyes and precious brain. . . . Yesterday I found my old 
 friend Mrs. Haughton (formerly Julia Day) here, and 
 we talked about various things, and I told how very hap- 
 pily my last two summers had passed away, owing to the 
 society of a dear friend ; and of course she asked the name 
 and many other questions; and I answered all very 
 frankly, and honestly confessed that if and if in truth 
 I disguised nothing that had reference to my own feel- 
 ings. . . . As we used to say, ' Who knows what may 
 happen ! ' I wish I had more of hope in my composition 
 but nothing in my life has educated hope. There 
 have been no successes only respectable failures." 
 
 He got to Brighton Saturday evening, instantly set 
 about the book, translated " The Hegelian," and on Mon- 
 day morning despatched it to the " dear collaborates," 
 and wrote in the evening : " Certainly I ought to assist, 
 for is it not our journey it is to help pay for ? " Hence- 
 forth the bright dancing letters were very full of this joint 
 work which part he was to undertake, which I. Two 
 of the tales were translated by him, " The Hegelian " and 
 
UNITED. 259 
 
 " The Sculptor," and a good deal of the first part of the 
 " Heavenly Horizons." Never was he brighter and more 
 endearing than when helping, and these dear letters are 
 full too of valuable literary suggestion, thrown out with 
 his own light, lightest touch. The happy task over, other 
 subjects came up. Whether it were Switzerland or Pat- 
 terdale, must there not be before our journey a " prelim- 
 inary quarter of an hour ? " And then ? Indeed all was 
 so vague that looking back I marvel that we dreamed so 
 boldly. I was much encouraged, however, by the prospect 
 of a little work. Our " Horizons " won us twenty-five 
 pounds a little trumpery story of mine was ordered, 1 
 and that was to bring in sixty pounds. '* Bravo for the 
 sixty pounds ! " he exclaims though he exhorts me not 
 to write merely for money a thing he never could have 
 done. To me the temptation to try lay solely there ! 
 
 . . . There are still and no wonder touches in the 
 dear letters, half playful, half sad. He was at what he 
 called " spider's work," about Causation and the like, and 
 there were misgivings as to " what sort of a companion is 
 one who has long indulged in his own thoughts worth- 
 less things, but they have grown as necessary to him as 
 wine or tobacco to other men. A poor old weaver, whose 
 web is not even made to sell ! I cannot think what is to 
 be made of him. If we could put him in a corner of our 
 palace, that might be well. If not are we to go into his 
 little shed ? Seems impossible, and we a natural prin- 
 cess. The weaver would be rich enough but we ? " 
 Then my life sounded so social : " All my difficulty lies 
 in the impossibility there seems of monopolizing such a 
 bird.'* For him, speaking of a singularly successful and 
 social career, he says : " A bright life, that I can very 
 well understand, yet understanding it well, and perhaps 
 not quite incapable of enjoying it, I should infinitely 
 prefer the life of Mount Hazel." 
 
 1 " Memoirs of an Unknown Life." It appeared in Good Words. 
 
260 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 I have given several extracts from the twenty-six let- 
 ters that came between the ninth of October and the four- 
 teenth of December. That day put an end to all anxie- 
 ties, misgivings, scruples. Oh, how can there be pessi- 
 mists in a world that holds such joy as mine, that winter 
 morning ! Ah, dear bundle before me as I write fifty 
 letters, in not one of which is there one sad note all 
 serene hope, tender, unutterably precious, confident affec- 
 tion, not from one of these shall an extract be made. 
 Sweet letters that I shall burn some day, when the 
 parted years are nearly over there are one or two of you 
 I will lay apart, and my dead hand shall be folded over 
 them in unutterable thankfulness. 
 
 The weeks sped away very busily. I had a beloved 
 friend who was in sorrow I saw very much of her. Late 
 in the evening my Mary would bring me a strong cup of 
 coffee, and I would get on with my story, which was just 
 what might have been expected, hasty and trivial, though 
 he said not wholly lacking in spirit. It brought in the 
 promised sixty pounds, however, in the course of the 
 spring. 
 
 {From the Memoir.) 
 
 I will give two grave passages from the pile of joyous 
 letters between the 14th of December and our marriage : 
 
 " And so my dear bird was a little serious, a little sad. 
 We should both be very shallow people if we were not a 
 little serious. I make very serious vows to myself. I do 
 hope that you shall never have cause for any other sadness 
 than what comes inevitably to us all. I will 4 love her, 
 comfort her, and honour her.' I should often repeat to 
 myself those lines 
 
 ' No more companionless 
 Although he trod the path of high intent,' 
 
 if I did not feel that there was a certain presumption in 
 my talking of ' the path of high intent.' Yet, although 
 with little success, and very little power, I have always 
 
UNITED. 261 
 
 put before myself a high aim in my studies and my writ- 
 ings. And I should like to die still striving, though I get 
 no higher than to strive." 
 
 And this, in answer to words of mine disclaiming any 
 presumptuous wish to change " the nature of my thinker's 
 thoughts : " 
 
 " Since I wrote, another letter came from Edinburgh, 
 for which I ought to thank you still more. It gave me 
 reassurance that my dear bird and I shall always be en 
 
 rapport. 
 
 ' I could not love thee, dear, so much, 
 Loved I not honour more/ 
 
 so runs some knightly rhyme. I, who am no knight, must 
 substitute the word truth for honour, though it mars the 
 
 verse." 
 
 {From the Manuscript.) 
 
 On the eleventh of February I left Edinburgh and my 
 most kind and partial parents left them laden with their 
 blessings and travelled through the night to my Blanche's 
 home [Mrs. Budworth] . On the sixteenth I reached that 
 of the precious friend from whose house I was to be mar- 
 ried. [Mrs. Ruck " the one, perhaps," says the Memoir, 
 " to whose noble and tender nature the kindred nature of 
 my husband most fully responded."] That evening he 
 came. On the evening of the fourth of March, many of 
 my early friends gathered round me, all welcomed by my 
 sweet hostess. I will give a few extracts from letters of 
 theirs written to my mother on the following day. True, 
 it is mostly of me that they speak, but I was his, I like 
 that kind words should have been spoken of his wife. 
 
 Mrs. Ruck bears her testimony to the ease and pleas- 
 antness of the gathering. " Mr. Smith went through every 
 trying scene with the utmost cheerfulness, even the inspec- 
 tion of the many friends. I don't even think he would 
 have shrunk from a wedding breakfast, speeches and all. 
 . . . Colonel Yorke told me that he had seen much of the 
 
262 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 world, and considered that he had himself many attached 
 friends, but that nothing he had ever seen equalled the 
 cordial love of Lucy and her friends." 
 
 Mrs. Cotton says : "I found Mr. Smith so kindly dis- 
 posed to become friends at once that we talked and 
 laughed together as if we had known each other for years. 
 His genial cordiality surprised me, for I expected to find 
 him a shy recluse, instead of which he responded to all 
 our nonsense, and seated himself amongst each knot of 
 old friends as if he could not hear enough of what we were 
 saying." 
 
 My Blanche my sister for years writes: "Surely 
 a bride never entered the new life more wrapped in the 
 affection of loving friends. It has been such a happy time 
 for us all ! ... The darling had such a radiant look of 
 happiness and confidence in her dear face. Mr. Smith 
 might well look worshipping, and I do from my heart 
 believe that he will make her very happy as it seems such 
 a large, kindly nature. There is something about him 
 that inspires confidence at once. When I had been talk- 
 ing half an hour, I wanted to tell him the history of my 
 life." 
 
 The same loving band stood round us on the following 
 morning. At St. John's Church, Netting Hill, on Tues- 
 day, the fifth of March, 1861, we were married. (End of 
 the Manuscript.) 
 
 (From the Memoir.) 
 
 We spent some weeks at Hastings and at Brighton ; 
 then settled ourselves for the summer at Tent Cottage 
 (near Coniston) a green nest, with tall trees round, that 
 my beloved mother shared with us. There are words of 
 my husband's that often recur to my mind : 
 
 "It takes so little to make Earth a Heaven." 
 Of worldly goods, so very little ! Were I to name the 
 income that procured for us the ideal of both, I should 
 
UNITED. 263 
 
 excite in some a smile of incredulity. But it is literally 
 true that from first to last we were never conscious of 
 a privation never perturbed by care. Whatever our 
 income, we always contrived to have it in advance, and it 
 was one of the peculiarities of my husband's character to 
 be equally prudent and generous, a combination that much 
 in my former life had taught me to prize. But indeed all 
 that life now seemed to me requisite training for such 
 "measureless content" as mine. I had had perplexity 
 enough to enhance the rest of reliance on a perfectly sound 
 judgment ; buffeting enough to make me habitually alive 
 to a justice and tenderness that never failed. 
 
 It was during this summer that he wrote down, on the 
 inside of an old envelope, the following lines an answer, 
 I imagine, to some conventional prompting of which I 
 must have been guilty. They are so characteristic that I 
 give them : 
 
 Oh vex me not with needless cry 
 
 Of what the world may think or claim ; 
 
 Let the sweet life pass sweetly by, 
 
 The same, the same, and every day the same. 
 
 Thee, Nature, Thought that burns in me 
 
 A living and consuming flame 
 These must suffice ; let the life be 
 
 The same, the same, and evermore the same. 
 
 Here find I taskwork, here society 
 Thou art my gold, thou art my fame ; 
 
 Let the sweet life pass sweetly by, 
 
 The same, the same, and every day the same. 
 
 The "sweet life" was not disturbed during the re- 
 mainder of the year, but we changed its scene to Keswick 
 to ^he house where we had first met five years before 
 and then to Brighton. During the summer William had 
 written several articles, one for the " British Quarterly" 
 (of which Dr. Vaughan was then editor), on the poems of 
 
264 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 Mrs. Browning poems so dear to us both that her death 
 that summer seemed to bring personal loss and pain. 
 While the winter sped on at Brighton, " Gravenhurst " 
 grew rapidly. William wrote it undisturbed by my pres- 
 ence a great triumph to me I sitting the while at 
 another table writing too. For through the kindness of 
 Mr. Strahan most enterprising and liberal of publishers 
 I had for several years a good deal of translation to do. 
 This was one of the finishing touches to the completeness 
 of our life. Not to speak of my pleasure in contributing 
 to our income, I delighted in compulsory occupation ; and 
 to see me busy over my manuscript gave my husband a 
 more comfortable sense of security from casual remarks 
 than he would have had if I had only been working or 
 reading. Then, when the pen was thrown down, both 
 enjoyed the walk all the more thoroughly, the more child- 
 ishly in both there was much of the child. 
 
 To Miss Mary Wrench. 
 
 Tent Cottage, July, 1861. I never even wish not to 
 have to think a little of ways and means. Believe me, it 
 is an element of happiness rather than the reverse calls 
 forth energy, and makes life fuller. I like the feeling of 
 being able to do little things for William. If we were 
 better off, it would not be I who darned and mended, it 
 would be some paid and more practical needle, and then I 
 should have less to do should therefore be less happy. 
 ... I Ve been doing a short story for Mr. Strahan, who 
 tells me to send him two more such by the end of the 
 month, but I cannot think of any wanting to reserve 
 my small stock of ideas for a larger tale. . . . My happy 
 life does not give me much to write about ; one day is 
 blissfully like another. Thank God, William is well 
 perhaps not quite so well as he was at Hastings and Edin- 
 burgh this is not the climate for him. But there never 
 
 o 
 
 is a complaint of not being well, never a cloud upon his 
 
UNITED. 265 
 
 dear forehead, never a moment's depression of spirits. He 
 is always busy, and after his morning's work dashes down 
 to me, playful and bright as I never saw any one else. 
 
 Keswick, Autumn, 1861. Last night, thinking Wil- 
 liam out long, I wrapped myself in the railway rug, and 
 flew some way up the Ambleside road. I cannot tell you 
 how glorious it was, light as day, and the snow-covered 
 mountains clear and white against the deep blue of the 
 quite cloudless sky. William had gone down to see them 
 reflected in the lake, which was quite calm. Skiddaw 
 stretched out such a mighty form beneath the winding- 
 sheet very weird, and all so still, the mountains so 
 solemn. 'T is a charming country in winter, and our 
 rooms so pleasant ! The three windows have red curtains. 
 Here is the plan of the room very childish of me, but 
 you '11 like to see our fixings. The sweet days are all 
 peace and brightness. I see William clings a good deal 
 to our present comforts, and I don't much fancy we shall 
 be off till the first Tuesday in December. To me it is all 
 the same, so he is well. He expects some letters early 
 in December, and does not want to move you know he 
 never does want to move. I am going now to my work 
 what a blessing compulsory occupation is ! I wish every 
 one had it. It is one of the sweetnesses of small means. 
 Ah, darling, be sure all life's darkest trials are quite com- 
 patible with wealth. 
 
 Brighton, Jan. 19, 1862. I ought to be getting on 
 with my story, but we are idle this morning, writing let- 
 ters, talking our happy nonsense, and we have had a caller, 
 a Mr. Allen, a clergyman. He wanted William to dine 
 with him, but he won't go. Bless him ! He has got quite 
 settled here in our nice room, and his cheerfulness and 
 brilliancy are indescribable. And now, beloved child, 
 God grant you a very happy New Year many years, 
 each fuller and richer than the last. This life is a blessed 
 inheritance, if we do not mar what God gives. With 
 
266 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 health, occupation, and love, how fraught everything is 
 with pleasure. I find little pleasures spring up every- 
 where. I needs must tremble a little in parting with this 
 dear Old Year, that has crowned all my life for which 
 it all seems to have been education only, only preparation. 
 But our Father knoweth what things we have need of, and 
 corne what may I have been quite happy. 
 
CHAPTEE XIX. 
 
 " GRAVENHURST." 
 
 " GRAVENHURST, or Thoughts on Good and Evil, by 
 William Smith," appeared in the spring of 1862. This 
 book it is which will best show us what effect has been 
 wrought in him by this mutual experience, in which the 
 woman's share has been told by herself. Into her story it 
 was impossible to break with a word of comment. What 
 a new world she brought into his life, every reader feels. 
 No less clear is it how her energy and concentration sup- 
 plied the need in his irresolution. Every page illustrates 
 how perfectly she supplemented all the wants of his 
 nature. And it should be recognized no less that he had 
 in himself the very qualities to fill out and perfect her life. 
 Especially, his habitual absorption in lofty thoughts gave 
 to him an elevation and serenity which was like a new 
 atmosphere to a woman absorbed as she had been in 
 personal cares. The woman's heart, intensely and tremu- 
 lously alive with personal sympathies, linked in devoted 
 service to burdened lives, all whose burdens it feels, car- 
 ries in itself almost of necessity a habitual agitation. It 
 is such incessant, mother-like solicitudes that prompted 
 Mrs. Browning's line : 
 
 " And who at once can love and rest ? " 
 
 From these tender troubles, this anxiety inseparable from 
 a life made up wholly of personal ties, the change to a 
 society in which the great interest is in lofty impersonal 
 themes is like going out of a busy household into the 
 tranquil night under the solemn stars. And when this 
 
268 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 larger outlook, this companionship with things sublime 
 and eternal, was found in a nature of high purity and 
 sweetness ; when too this nature was felt to profoundly 
 need just such care and love as she could give what 
 wonder she was filled and satisfied ? 
 
 What he found in their union is told best in the verses 
 she repeats, asking only that the " sweet life " be " the 
 same, the same, and evermore the same." It was as nat- 
 ural to him to keep within himself the secret of his bliss, 
 as it was to her to share with her friends all she could 
 impart of the happy story. Dr. Lietch, who had been a 
 friend to him amid his solitude, wrote to her in later 
 years of a single swift glimpse of the new life within. " I 
 remember well seeing you at Derwentwater Place, the 
 year after you were married. He had used to say in a sad 
 tone, ' I shall never marry.' On parting with him at the 
 door, on this occasion, I recollect in grasping his hand I 
 said, ' You 're happy now, Thorn dale ! ' And he said 
 with a flash of joy in his face, ' I am happy I ' and darted 
 suddenly away." 
 
 It is in his work, in " Gravenhurst " in comparison with 
 " Thorndale," that we most distinctly recognize what the 
 gain to him had been. His love had not withdrawn him 
 from the pursuit and the passion of truth : it had guided 
 that pursuit and given to that passion a fuller fruition. 
 The philosophy of " Gravenhurst "is an application and 
 extension of that which gains the predominance in " Thorn- 
 dale." But the tone has changed from interrogation to 
 affirmation. One recalls that touching sentence in the 
 earlier book : " Did he to the last continue to doubt, to 
 hope, to aspire, and then again throw away his aspira- 
 tions ? say rather give them away to some other and 
 liappier mind, and still see and love them there, though 
 he could not retain them for himself ? " In " Graven- 
 hurst," we seem to find that " other and happier mind," 
 or rather, Thorn dale's own mind, but now by happiness 
 
" GRA YEN HURST." 269 
 
 so enlarged and strengthened that it grasps with the ardor 
 of a faith the ideas which before were only a plausible 
 but doubtful hypothesis. The change is one which recalls 
 the opening passage of his early poem " Guidone," to 
 which might be well applied the saying of Emerson, that 
 " the soul contains in itself the secret that shall presently 
 befall it." 
 
 That cold, unreal, shadow-peopled realm 
 
 To which much meditation wears our world, 
 
 Where long I walked, oft startling as I trod, 
 
 As if from dreams, at recollected self, 
 
 And this substantial being, 
 
 I have at length escaped : I also live ! 
 
 Mine, too, this earth whereon I plant my foot ! 
 
 Mine, too, the sky whereto I lift my gaze ! 
 
 And the still brighter climes beyond are mine, 
 
 By the bold faith which man sustains in man ! 
 
 Our best beliefs from best affections spring, 
 
 And solitude is ignorance. 
 
 A firm conviction, and a deep, grave happiness, pervade 
 the pages of " Gravenhurst. Here, as in "Thorndale," 
 the two predominating ideas are, first, that the solution of 
 our difficulties lies in looking at the whole, in seeing the 
 individual in his relations to others and to the sum of being, 
 and in viewing the past, present, and future as completing 
 and interpreting each other ; and, secondly, that there is 
 recognizable a progress of humanity. In " Thorndale," it 
 is the hope of a great future, for the race and the indi- 
 vidual, that chiefly reassures and inspires. But " Graven- 
 hurst," while confirming this hope, yet dwells on the good 
 of this present existence with a heartiness and satisfac- 
 tion not felt in " Thorndale." It is a sober and tempered 
 joy, but over all the landscape near and far lie sweet and 
 sunny hues. " Gravenhurst " is not only a happier book 
 than " Thorndale," but closer to actual existence. Its au- 
 thor is a wiser man. He has made personal acquaintance 
 with a vast province, with which before he had little more 
 
270 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 than hearsay acquaintance. He has not only tasted but 
 drunk deep of 
 
 " A sacred and home-felt delight, 
 The sober certainty of waking bliss." 
 
 The author writes of " Gravenhurst " that while " Thorn- 
 dale " was called a conflict of opinions this book might 
 be called a harmony. The volume like its predecessor (of 
 which it is less than half the size) is mainly a series of 
 dialogues ; though in this case the systematic exposition 
 introduces the conversations instead of following them, 
 and is perhaps of greater relative importance. There are 
 two representatives of classes that have no spokesman in 
 " Thorndale," a woman and a Protestant clergyman. 
 The Vicar is the broad-minded pastor of the village church. 
 Ada Newcome is a lovely and thoughtful girl, the victim 
 of a severe and permanent lameness. Ada who, we may 
 say in passing, bears very little personal resemblance to 
 Lucy Smith is attached to the Christian church, glad to 
 rest in some degree on its authority, but little concerned 
 with dogmas and ceremonies. Her uncle, General Mans- 
 field, who is a retired Indian officer, and Sandford, who 
 directly represents the author, complete the little company. 
 It is a quite different society from the strenuous theorists 
 who battle in the pages of " Thorndale." These person- 
 ages represent more of actual experience, more maturity of 
 feeling, more domestic yet more largely human relations. 
 For scenery, too, we exchange the Bay of Naples and the 
 summit of the Bigi for a quiet English village. Some 
 loss there is, compared with " Thorndale," in dramatic con- 
 trast and keen interplay of diverse minds. We miss a 
 little that terrible fellow, Seckendorf. We know that in 
 the presence of the gentle Ada no one will have the heart 
 to speak unreservedly the cruelest side of facts. Yet, 
 upon the whole, we find here not only a more affirmative 
 philosophy, but a riper judgment, and a far more invigor- 
 ating impulse. " Thorndale " leaves the reader looking 
 
" GRA VENHURST." 271 
 
 fascinated on the vast human scene with all its mystery ; 
 Jiope gathering strength above fear, and glimpses widening 
 of order in what seemed confusion. " Gravenhurst " deep- 
 ens the hope ; extends the view of order into some of the 
 very darkest spots ; and, above all, the reader rises from it 
 nerved for vigorous combat, inspired to be actor as well 
 as spectator. 
 
 In the chivalrous stories of old, the brave knight who 
 would honor his lady-love goes forth to battle with some 
 creature of evil, some robber or giant or dragon. The 
 knight of our story, vowed from his youth to the service 
 of truth as a religion, blessed now with a love which is 
 both happiness and inspiration, he too, man of peace- 
 fulest outward life though he be, goes on a venturous 
 quest against the fellest monster that through the genera- 
 tions has dismayed the mind of man, the problem of 
 Evil. In most modest guise he goes forth to combat ; no 
 gay colors adorn his arms ; no trumpet-flourish rings. So 
 unassuming and sedate indeed is this essay that the world, 
 though giving to it something of welcome and praise, 
 scarce took due note of its message. That message let the 
 reader judge for himself, so far as that can be judged by 
 extracts which deserves close reading from the first line to 
 the last. 
 
 Here is the opening scene, and the setting forth of the 
 problem : 
 
 It was the hour of sunset. As I paused upon the parapet of 
 our little bridge, the distant Welsh hills were glowing in their 
 purple splendour ; the river ran gold at my feet ; every branch 
 of every graceful tree that hung silently in the air received 
 and reflected a new beauty from that entire scene of enchant- 
 ment to which also it brought its own contribution. Such har- 
 mony there is in nature. The whole, which is formed itself of 
 separate parts, gives to each part its meaning and its charm. 
 Yet even here, in this scene of enchantment, I was compelled 
 to recall to my imagination that poor woman whose desolate 
 
272 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 hearth I had lately visited, I was compelled to revive those dis- 
 cordant scenes of war, of carnage, of treachery, of famine, which 
 my friend, an old Indian General, had been dilating upon. No 
 harmony, then, and little peace, in this other world of Humanity. 
 Is there truly some diabolic element amongst us? Does dis- 
 order reign in the highest part of creation ? Has the beneficent 
 harmony which human nature should disclose been invaded, 
 broken up, irrecoverably destroyed by some tyrannous spirit of 
 evil ? It seems so. 
 
 And yet I reflected within myself since wherever science 
 has penetrated, disorder and confusion disappear, and a harmo- 
 nious whole is presented to us, it may happen that this sense 
 of diabolic confusion in the arena of human life would vanish 
 before the light of a wider and clearer knowledge. We suffer 
 there is no doubt of that and we naturally speak and think 
 under the sharp pang of our present agony ; but the ultimate 
 and overruling judgment which we form of human life should 
 be taken from some calm, impersonal point of view. We 
 should command the widest horizon possible. Of the great 
 whole of humanity we see but little at a time. We pause some- 
 times on the lights only of the picture, sometimes only on the 
 shadows. How very dark those shadows seem ! Yet if we 
 could embrace in our view the whole of the picture, perhaps the 
 very darkest shadows might be recognized as effective, or inevit- 
 able, portions of a grand harmonious whole. (Pages 131, 132. 1 ) 
 
 Hence, presently, in the quietest fashion, and with a dis- 
 claimer of anything more original than expressing the 
 thought ripening in many minds, the reader is introduced 
 to this general survey, which will bear long pondering. 
 
 I have no paradox to startle or amuse the reader with. My 
 statements are simply those which must grow up in the scientific 
 age in which we live. The optimism that could boldly declare 
 that this was the best of all possible worlds does not belong to 
 an age which recognizes the limits of its knowledge. He who 
 talks of the best possible of worlds should be able to compare 
 many worlds together. What we, in these times, are saying to 
 
 1 These pages refer to the second edition of Gravenhurst, printed 
 in one volume with the Memoir and Knowing and Feeling. 
 
GRA VENHURST." 273 
 
 ourselves is that this only world we know anything about is es- 
 sentially one, one great scheme, in which the lower, or the 
 simpler, is a necessary condition of the higher or more complex ; 
 and that it is idle to quarrel with this or that part unless you can 
 quarrel with the whole, or unless you can separate that portion 
 which is the object of your criticism from the great laws or pow- 
 ers that constitute the whole. You take up some one part of 
 this great scheme of nature and of man, and you, a sensitive 
 human being, exclaim against it as pain and suffering, and de- 
 nounce it as evil. All this is quite inevitable ; but what you ex- 
 claim against as evil is often the very excitement of our highest 
 energies, and is always found, on examination, to be linked, 
 either as cause or effect, with what you as loudly proclaim to be 
 good. You suffer and you resist, and strive against your calam- 
 ity, and perhaps this strife is the end for which you suffered ; 
 but take away both the suffering and the strife, and you simply 
 destroy the whole web of human existence. Tear this web to 
 pieces, and you have behind it nothing ! nothing for human 
 knowledge. 
 
 How can I, or any one, venture to assert that this is the best 
 of all possible worlds ? There may be innumerable worlds, and 
 innumerable modes of consciousness, of which we can form no 
 conception whatever. What we can safely assert is this, that 
 our world of nature and of man is one great scheme, and that 
 what we most lament in human life, as well as what most as- 
 tonishes us amongst physical phenomena, is a consequence of 
 some general law essential to the whole. And, furthermore, we 
 can assert that, if not the happiest of all possible worlds, happi- 
 ness, and not misery, is the great end and result, the great out- 
 come of this multifarious scheme. This subordination of evil 
 to good may be proved, not only by enumerating the instances 
 in which good comes out of evil, and comparing them with the 
 instances in which evil comes out of good a process which I 
 should despair of completing but by seizing hold of certain 
 great laws or facts of human life which show that provision is 
 made for happiness of a quite different nature than can be said 
 to be made for misery. There is a susceptibility to pleasure 
 for pleasure's sake, whereas the susceptibility to pain has always 
 the character of means to end, or is the consequence of some 
 
274 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 abnormal condition. There is a universal delight in energy and 
 activity of all kinds, so that there is joy blended with existence 
 itself; for is riot all life activity of some description? Thus 
 pain, when it acts as a stimulant to activity, is lost in the pleas- 
 urable energy it excites. Again, the sentiment of beauty which 
 diffuses so much subtle happiness over all parts of life, and 
 which gives origin to the fine arts, and makes the world we live 
 in a constant source of pleasure to the eye, cannot be said to be 
 balanced or neutralized by the opposite sentiment of ugliness. 
 Hardly a plainer indication could be given that joy, and not 
 grief, is the purpose of our world (I presume that we may speak 
 of the world as having a purpose), than this wide diffusion of 
 the sentiment of beauty. General considerations of this kind 
 are sufficient to demonstrate if this really needed demonstra- 
 tion that happiness preponderates over misery. (Pages 134- 
 136.) 
 
 The keynote of the discussion is not a passive acqui- 
 escence in what seems to us evil, but the recognition that 
 in overcoming the evil lies our good. 
 
 The more we reflect on the great whole of nature and human- 
 ity, the more we are reconciled not to evil as a thing to be 
 patiently endured, wherever it can be remedied ; but to a condi- 
 tion of things where there is the recognized evil, and the vigour 
 to combat with it. This contest with evil is our very progress, 
 is our very life it is one with all our effort and energy. . . . 
 It does not dismay me to discover that our energies are stimu- 
 lated, our pursuits are in part initiated, our enthusiasms are al- 
 ways sustained, by what, when we stand face to face against it, 
 we must call evil. Evil, to him who has to resist or to endure, 
 it undoubtedly is. In this form it inevitably presents itself. 
 But who does not see that human life, regarded as a whole, 
 would be incalculably impoverished if the energy, the emotions, 
 the aims, which originate in the resistance to actual or probable 
 evil were abstracted from it ? (Pages 138, 139.) 
 
 To give clearly and condensedly the leading thoughts 
 of the book, it is necessary to group various passages, 
 without following the sequence of the original. The pri- 
 mary function of pain is thus tersely given : 
 
" GRA VENHURST." 275 
 
 . . . Pain and pleasure are the stimulants to that activity 
 which is the source of all our knowledge and all our arts, and 
 which is itself the most universal of pleasures. It is impossible 
 for us to conceive of life being developed without both of these 
 stimulants. Hunger, thirst, bodily uneasiness, are constantly 
 giving movement to the whole animal creation. 
 
 Pain, that acts as a stimulant to action, blends with or is lost 
 in the sense of effort, or the vigorous muscular exertion it calls 
 forth. Very acute pain paralyzes or subdues ; but the prick 
 and the sting that stimulate to energetic movement are forgot- 
 ten in the energy they produce. 
 
 In many of our motives it is difficult to say whether pain or 
 pleasure predominates. Hunger having been once gratified, 
 there is a prospect of pleasure, as well as a present pain, in the 
 desire for food. Generally there is in desire the anticipation 
 of some pleasure, and also a direct pain from the absence of 
 that pleasure. If now this important state of mind, which we 
 call desire, be thus a blending of pain and pleasure, we see at 
 once how indispensable a part pain performs in human exist- 
 ence. (Pages 162, 163.) 
 
 The transition is -obvious to the development of mental 
 and moral action : 
 
 There is no resistance to our will which may not, in some 
 sense, be pronounced to be evil, and yet the very exercise of 
 power implies the idea of resistance. You could not even wield 
 the stick within your hand unless it presented a resistance to 
 your hand. All moral or mental power is exhibited by con- 
 quering some resistance some error, or some misplaced pas- 
 sion. (Pages 167.) 
 
 It is suffering which gives occasion, gives birth, we may 
 say, to social virtue : 
 
 If a personal want initiates the activity of the individual, it 
 is sympathy with each other which lies at the basis of human 
 society ; and sympathy is, in the first instance, chiefly called 
 forth by pain, or dread of some affliction. We sympathize with 
 each other's joys no less than with each other's griefs. But even 
 when we sympathize strongly with each other's joys, it is where 
 
276 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 there is some sense of escape from threatened or probable afflic- 
 tion ; and, generally speaking, this form of the sentiment is of 
 later culture or development. Society, in its early stages, owes 
 more to the sympathy which is calle.d forth by pain, by wounds, 
 by death. That sympathy which enlists the passions of twenty 
 men in the suffering and calamity of one is the rude initiator of 
 criminal justice and moral reprobation. Could I point to any 
 great fact which shows more distinctly how pain and pleasure 
 lie together at the very roots of human existence ? They, in- 
 deed, are twisted together in every fibre, in every leaf, in every 
 blossom and fruit of the great tree of life. (Page 163.) 
 Let us confront, then, the question of moral evil : 
 From pain we are easily led to the dread of pain, to the re- 
 sentment that follows upon pain, to anger, hatred, fear, and all 
 the list of depressing and inflammatory passions dire inmates 
 to the human breast which admits them too readily, or retains 
 them too long. Yet what passion is there which in its due de- 
 gree and place is not serviceable to happiness, or is not a happi- 
 ness itself ? What we call bad passions owe their badness to a 
 defective state of the intelligence, as when emulation becomes 
 envy in narrow minds, or love becomes jealousy. What funda- 
 mental passion is there of the human mind that you would erad- 
 icate ? Not revenge. You know that this is needful to self- 
 preservation ; you know that when it is felt sympathetically, it 
 becomes a noble indignation, summoning defenders round the 
 weak against the strong. But the passion, you urge, that 
 prompted the injury which has to be revenged this might be 
 eradicated, and then all would be peace. What is that assail- 
 ant ? What the passion that commences the strife, and gives 
 the first blow ? It may be any passion that has not learned its 
 limits, and it has to learn its limits by this very retaliation it 
 provokes. It may be cupidity, and cupidity in itself is but the 
 desire for some good. Or it may be the love of power, the desire 
 of governing others, and making them subject to our will. And 
 you will pause long before you eradicate this love of power. 
 Here also there is a passion which has to learn its limits from 
 the resistance it meets, with. (Pages 165, 166.) 
 
 To this question of moral evil we will return later. But 
 
"GRAVENHURST." 
 
 977 
 
 now, on the broader topic of the function of all evil, there 
 comes the inquiry whether there is not obviously a great 
 excess of suffering beyond any useful purpose. 
 
 " There is too much evil. Passions are too violent, wants are 
 too agonizing, pains and distresses are too numerous, too persist- 
 ent, too intense." 
 
 The complaint is natural. Who of us has not made it in the 
 day of his sorrow or his indignation ? But consider this, that it 
 lies in the very nature of pain and suffering that we do, and 
 must, complain of it. Whatever the degree in which it pre- 
 sents itself, it must always seem too much. It is always, from 
 the nature of the case, the element we wish away that stands 
 out against us as repugnant and superfluous. 
 
 No animal, and certainly not man himself, could be trusted 
 with the modification or reconstruction of his own life. He 
 would at once and forever reject what is repugnant, and in so 
 doing unnerve his whole existence. Every animal that has to 
 seek its food would bargain for a regular supply, and near at 
 hand ; yet with those who have great powers of locomotion the 
 irregularity and uncertainty of supply is connected with the 
 exercise of their peculiar faculties. What would become of all 
 the birds of the air where the glory of their outstretched and 
 untiring pinions if it were not for that seeming precariousness 
 of supply, which doubtless they would themselves complain of, 
 and which even benevolent men have contemplated with some 
 dismay and distress ? We men, for our own parts, are in the 
 habit of saying that it is well for us that we cannot always pre- 
 dict the future that there should be abundant play for hope, 
 and curiosity, and surprise. Nevertheless this uncertainty is a 
 state which each one for himself would constantly remove if 
 he could. He must wish to read the future while he is still in 
 the anxious present. 
 
 That there is a general feeling of too much evil is not, there- 
 fore, a proof that this element is in excess, viewed as part of the 
 whole ; because, from its nature, it is always that which is felt 
 to be too much. 
 
 Nevertheless this question of degree is one which may legiti- 
 mately be raised, if only one could grapple with it. A calm and 
 
278 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 all-seeing spectator of human affairs might discuss such a ques- 
 tion. We stand ourselves in this predicament : If our knowl- 
 edge is not sufficient to enable us to pronounce that it is not in 
 excess (an opinion to which, from the general harmony of na- 
 ture, one may be disposed to lean), it is certainly not sufficient 
 to entitle us to assert that it is in excess. 
 
 How can man, the sufferer, trust himself to form any decision 
 upon the degree in which pain and pleasure should be diffused 
 over the whole world ? How can he know how that passions less 
 violent, wants less painful, distresses less extensive, would have 
 answered the purposes for which passion, want, and distress 
 have been called in ? He knows this, that he should always 
 give his judgment in favour of the something less. 
 
 I ask no man to be contented with the amount of evil existing 
 at any time, in any age or country. It is the nature of evil to 
 prompt opposition to it. The more intelligence there is in man, 
 the more vigorous and effectual the opposition it will prompt. 
 The greatest of all calamities is the contentment that sits down 
 at peace with a remediable evil. 
 
 But how can I measure the degree of that stimulant nec- 
 essary to call forth those energies by which we progress? 
 (Pages 168-170.) 
 
 And now comes that great explaining fact, which man's 
 latest study of the world in its reality has elicited, the 
 fact of a visible upward progress of terrestrial humanity. 
 
 . . . Strange, indeed, would it be, if all nature manifested an 
 admirable arrangement of parts, and an evident principle of 
 growth, till we arrived at the history of that conscious and rea- 
 soning being whose presence alone gives meaning and purpose 
 to all the rest of nature. The unconscious world has its end, 
 or its complement, in that conscious being in whom it excites 
 pleasure, perception, beauty, truth. Starting from his simplest 
 appetites and passions, all of which have their allotted and ap- 
 parently indispensable office in his further development, we see 
 him rise into higher emotions, into higher and higher truths. 
 Perhaps from the elevated station he finally reaches, he looks 
 down with some displeasure and contempt upon the lower ele- 
 
" GRA VEN HURST." 279 
 
 ments of his own nature, unwisely, if he does not recognize, 
 at the same time, the enormous debt he owes them does not 
 recognize in those lower elements the very basis of that intellect- 
 ual structure he has reared. The higher may predominate over 
 the lower may even, when once developed, obtain an inde- 
 pendent footing ; and as we shall often have occasion to show, it 
 never could have been, in the first place, developed without aid 
 of the lower. The whole is one. (Page 140.) 
 
 Very rich is the book in illustrations of this law of 
 progress, and in instances of service wrought by phases 
 of existence which when surmounted looked wholly evil 
 in the retrospect, while yet the higher plane was only 
 reached by their means. One or two only of these illus- 
 trations we reproduce. 
 
 Progress is brought about by the energy of man, which energy 
 is also his highest felicity. The age which in any way has 
 fought and conquered for its successor would perhaps be con- 
 sidered the more fortunate of the two, if its successor had not 
 also its own strife strife at least to retain what had been thus 
 acquired for it. ... Slavery, war, despotism, religious persecu- 
 tion, are evils which we have already partly outlived. Evils we 
 from our position rightly pronounce them to be, yet each of them 
 had its adaptation to the epoch in which it was found to exist, 
 and each had a function to perform preparatory to a subsequent 
 and happier era. Where they still exist, they still have the like 
 adaptation. 
 
 One illustration must here suffice. War is already, and has 
 long been, proclaimed to be an evil of the first magnitude, and 
 forward-looking men anticipate a time when the disputes of 
 nations will be decided by a society of nations, represented in 
 some council or congress. Meanwhile we are, as a people, still 
 in that condition when we enjoy the fierce delights of war. 
 Nay, we read lectures to each other on the moral benefits aris- 
 ing out of the bold profession of arms. And, at all events, there 
 is a general persuasion that this great framer of states, this 
 founder of nationalities, has not yet done its work. Wars of 
 conquest and of self-defence have hitherto assisted at the forma- 
 
280 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 tion of every well-knit community. The opposition from with- 
 out has made the elements cohere within. (Pages 184, 185.) 
 
 There is a toleration for the persecutor we have yet to learn. 
 I was lately reading the " History of Philip II." and the grand 
 revolt of the Netherlands. What indignation I felt against the 
 Spanish tyrant ! And indeed we Protestants must hate this 
 despot. And yet, I asked myself, is it reasonable to lay upon 
 one man, as his crime, the fanaticism of a whole people and the 
 tradition of ages ? A great idea prevailed, it predominated 
 entirely in Spain, it had prevailed generally over European 
 society. It was the idea of a universal church, out of which 
 salvation for the souls of men was impossible. Kings as well 
 as priests, and mobs as well as kings, were possessed with this 
 idea. Scholars, soldiers, magistrates, all held themselves charged 
 to maintain it, to write, to fight, and adjudicate for its support. 
 The error of all is the reproach of none. This Philip II. is pre- 
 eminently the great and pious king of pious Catholics. Pos- 
 sessed of highest power, on him devolves the severest task. The 
 sword is in his hand, and he must strike. This morose and 
 superstitious king is, before all others, the slave to our great 
 idea. 
 
 But in one part of his dominions this great idea is disputed 
 and dethroned. I see the enlightened and wealthy cities of 
 Holland suffering every calamity that war and famine can in- 
 flict, rather than deny the new truth that has sprung up in them. 
 They will not surrender their convictions. Rather let the sea 
 take back their land, rather let the fires of martyrdom consume 
 their bodies. Return stroke for stroke, you brave Dutchmen ! 
 Bear all, inflict all, rather than surrender! Would that you 
 could bind this monarch and fling him over your dikes, and be 
 free to worship how you will ! 
 
 But now, when the fight is over, and the combatants numbered 
 with the dead, on whom are we to pass judgment ? Not on the 
 zealot king, not on the zealot citizen. They are gone from be- 
 fore our judgment-seat, with all their antagonistic energies and 
 repugnant duties. They have left only for our contemplation a 
 contest between two great ideas. 
 
 All that remains for us is to congratulate ourselves on the 
 new views that have become prevalent as to the duty of the state 
 
GRA YEN HURST." 281 
 
 in the matter of religion. But here we perceive our age may 
 justly congratulate itself, and yet not condemn or affect to pity 
 its predecessor. An enlightened people, a people whose minds 
 are generally active, will put forth a variety of beliefs ; and this 
 very activity of mind becomes a substitute for that state author- 
 ity which it resists. Amongst such people the action of the state 
 is necessarily and wisely limited. Did such mental activity be- 
 come still more general, the action of the state might be alto- 
 gether withdrawn. All this is subject for sincere congratulation. 
 But if I am to look back candidly into some past era, I must 
 see there also a certain harmony in the condition of things a 
 certain social organization which is not unworthy of admiration. 
 An ignorant unreasoning people are bound together, and have 
 their minds guided and enriched by some state-protected faith, 
 which, be its composition what it may, has in it the highest 
 practical wisdom that the thinking few of mankind have hitherto 
 attained. This, also, is not unworthy of an approving recogni- 
 tion. (Pages 186-188.) 
 
 Nor, in this view, is man in his earlier and lower phase 
 a mere sufferer and a stepping-stone to his happier suc- 
 cessor. In each experience there is a satisfaction of its 
 own. 
 
 . . . The savage is a very hideous spectacle to you. But he 
 as complete in himself as you or I leads his own life con- 
 tentedly. Nay, if contentment with himself were the sole test 
 of happiness which it is not it is only one amongst many 
 tests we would hold the savage happier than ourselves. He 
 is the most conceited of his species. It is, indeed, a universal 
 kindness of Nature that she compensates ignorance by a most 
 triumphant conceit. (Page 206.) 
 
 Take, if you prefer it, an illustration from the arts of peace. 
 Follow the miner into the bowels of the earth watch the arti- 
 san at his loom, packed close in the dark alleys of a town ; the 
 circumstances are to us distressing enough. But the man in 
 whom those circumstances have developed the fitting and appro- 
 priate activity is not an unhappy creature. Before you pro- 
 nounce a man miserable, be sure you have the real being before 
 
282 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 you be sure that you are not pronouncing on some imaginary 
 figure, made up half of him and half of yourself his circum- 
 stances and your temper and habits. (Page 154. ) 
 
 This view is carried in one instance to what must seem 
 to most readers an audacious paradox. It is the old In- 
 dian general who utters it. 
 
 " This marvellous energy," he continued, " seen in all animal 
 life, but most conspicuously in man, calls forth my ceaseless ad- 
 miration, and affords often a complete answer to men wailing 
 over the destiny of others. So long as I see the man bear up 
 and contend against the hostile circumstance, so long do I know 
 that he is not forsaken by the genius of happiness. I have wit- 
 nessed the horrors of war ; I have shared in the forced march ; 
 I have traversed the field of battle the day after ; but still I do 
 not scruple to say that, merely weighing out its pleasures and its 
 pains, the excitements which attend on war itself add far more 
 to the sum of human happiness than its worst calamities to the 
 sum of human misery. My niece who sits there in the corner 
 so critically attentive to me looks dissent. But I do not ad- 
 vocate war, my dear Ada, or desire its continuance. The ener- 
 gies of man may find a better direction ; but it is still well to 
 see that, whatever direction they take, they can scarcely fail to 
 add to the sum of happiness. So much does our happiness lie 
 in this energy itself." (Pages 153, 154.) 
 
 But a less extreme illustration will win a more general 
 assent. 
 
 " You are standing," General Mansfield will say, " in your 
 own pleasant drawing-room, well defended from the weather, 
 and you listen to the storm raging without. The rain dashes 
 violently against that film of glass which yet so securely protects 
 you from its violence. Your thoughts fly to the sea, and you 
 picture to yourself the misery of some hapless voyager, who, 
 drenched to the skin, is holding on by the rigging to save him- 
 self from being carried overboard by the rage of the tempest. 
 You, warm and indolent, project yourself in imagination into 
 such a scene. But the man who is really there is no warm 
 and indolent creature ; he has all the energy the situation itself 
 
" GKA VENHURST." 283 
 
 has called forth. You congratulate yourself in your easy-chair, 
 your dry and comfortable room : congratulate yourself by all 
 means, and enjoy what the quiet hour brings you. But prob- 
 ably you yourself, at some other time, have been in the very 
 position that seems so dreadful now. You have clung with all 
 your might to the shrouds while the waves washed over you, 
 while the winds seemed resolved to tear you from your hold, 
 and sweep you away into the ocean. But you have clung, you 
 strove gallantly, you drew breath when the waves had passed over 
 you, and prepared, with clenched hands, for the next encounter. 
 You were there at your post, you had no thought of surrender, 
 you were all energy ; the danger was swallowed up in the efforts 
 you were making. Well, call up that hour when, drenched and 
 buffeted by water and by wind, you offered stout resistance to 
 the elements in every strong fibre of your body call it up 
 fairly, fully, and place it beside this hour of fireside enjoyment 
 and security, and tell me which of the two was the higher life ? 
 Which of the two are you most proud to have experienced ? If 
 we wish to form a correct estimate of human existence, we must 
 not dwell upon the loud bluster of the storm, and forget the 
 thrill of power that responds to it in the hidden noiseless nerve 
 of the living man." (Pages 152, 153.) 
 
 But it is on the most familiar ground that our author 
 walks with firmest foot, in his pilgrimage of hope and 
 cheer. Take this group of scenes, both inanimate and 
 human, from the country village " Gravenhurst," whence 
 the book derives its name. 
 
 Commonplace ! Look up ! What is that apparition of daz- 
 zling brightness rising softly upon the blue sky from behind 
 those tall and massive elms ? If you saw it for the first time in 
 your life you would say it must be some celestial visitant. Is it 
 light itself from heaven taking shape, and just softened and sub- 
 dued to the endurance of a mortal vision ? It is nothing but a 
 cloud I mere vapour that the unseen wind moves and moulds, 
 and that the sun shines on for a little time. And now it has 
 risen above the massive and lofty tree, and throws light upwards 
 to the sky, and throws its pleasant shadow down upon the earth 
 
284 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 pleasant shadow that paces along the meadows, leaving be- 
 hind a greater brilliancy on tree, and grass, and hedge, and 
 flower, than what, for a moment, it had eclipsed. It is -all 
 commonplace. Light, and shadow, and the river, and the 
 meadow with its clover blossoms, and childish buttercups. Very 
 childish all. Match it ! match them ! match these trees in 
 their meadows, ye restless prophets with your palaces of crystal 
 and walls of sapphire, and pavements of jasper ! . . . All the 
 apocalyptic visions you have ever read cannot rival a meadow in 
 springtime. That simple field, with its buttercups and clover 
 blossoms, outshines the imagination of all the poet-prophets that 
 have ever lived. Thank God, all you who have a spark of ra- 
 tional piety in your hearts, for the glorious commonplace of 
 earth and sky, for this cloud-embosomed planet in which you 
 pass your lives. (Pages 142, 143.) 
 
 . . . An interesting race, these human beings. As I pass the 
 meadow, I lean upon the gate that opens into it ; I see a little 
 child, almost an infant, toddling alone in the high grass. The 
 tall buttercups have outgrown the child ; they and the ox-eyed 
 daisies shut out from its view that neighbouring cottage which is 
 its home ; the child has lost its way amidst the flowers it had 
 come to gather, knows not where to turn in this jungle of soft 
 grass. I hear a plaintive cry of distress. Another child, some 
 two years older, as I guess, runs to its aid, caresses, calms it ; 
 leads it back to the cottage home of both. How prettily it pro- 
 tects ! how proudly ! seeing that this older one can look 
 above the grass. You perceive that the little fond, and sympa- 
 thetic, and imitative creature has learnt that tender care from 
 their common mother ; you note with a smile the already com- 
 plex sentiment (sense of power mingled with love) revealed in 
 that protection ; you observe how soon the thread of life, and 
 even where it is silken-soft, is spun of pain and pleasure ; you 
 know, moreover, that beneath the thatch of that cottage, to which 
 these children hand-in-hand are walking, there beats some true 
 and tender mother-heart, the source of this love to one another 
 
 some tender heart whose very anxieties you would hardly 
 dare to diminish. (Pages 143, 144.) 
 
 ... I need not say, therefore, that our Gravenhurst has its 
 share of miseries, has its wants, its sorrows, its crimes ; per- 
 
GRA YEN HURST.' 1 285 
 
 haps under some roof, unknown to any of us, a terrible guilt or 
 anguish may lie hid. But that which meets the eye everywhere, 
 or most conspicuously, is labour, work of some kind, performed 
 cheerfully, socially, habitually. There is a stolid content in the 
 countenance of most men you meet ; a more talkative and bus- 
 tling activity distinguishes the women. We, in common with all 
 England and the greater part of Europe, have reached that 
 stage of civilization and of culture in which the necessary labours 
 of life are undertaken with cheerful foresight, and where in- 
 dustry is a steadfast voluntary habit. There is no savage im- 
 pulse of sheer hunger, no savage sloth when the hunger is satis- 
 fied ; and we have long passed that epoch when industry was 
 sustained by the goad of the slave-master. We have learned 
 that health and pleasure lie hid in labour. We know that the 
 toil which ministers to life is itself the best part of life. (Page 
 145.) 
 
 Of course we make our outcries against the miseries of life ; 
 and there is real evil and indisputable sorrow amongst us. But 
 we strike down the evil where we can, and we soothe the sorrow 
 where we can. And then this energy with which we strike, and 
 this tenderness with which we soothe I think we should not, 
 after due deliberation, forfeit these for an immunity from pain 
 and sorrow. Some evils, you will say, do not prompt action 
 rouse no energy are simply to be endured. Well, this endur- 
 ance conquers them, wrings a strength and pride out of them. 
 They prompt this energy of fortitude. I go back to the meadow 
 where I saw the children amongst the flowers. Childhood itself 
 shall give me my illustration. Some days afterwards I encoun- 
 tered the eldest one alone ; she did not perceive me ; I could 
 watch her unobserved. There was a very luxuriant crop of 
 nettles growing beside the hedge. I saw her put her little ten- 
 der hand, slowly and deliberately, to the leaf of the stinging 
 nettle. She wanted to try if she could bear the pain. The 
 grave little Spartan ! I asked her if she knew that the nettle 
 stung. " Oh, yes ! she knew it ; " but added, blushing, partly 
 with pain and partly at being observed, " Mother says that un- 
 less we can bear pain we shall be cowards and useless people. I 
 wanted to try it is not so very bad." Ah, little Annie Fos- 
 ter ! there was no need to go in search for the nettle. But you 
 
286 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 bore the trial well, and greater trials, I doubt not, you will 
 bravely bear. Again I draw the inference that there was a 
 brave as well as tender mother bestirring herself under the 
 thatch of that cottage. (Pages 146, 147.) 
 
 How great become the most trivial cares of existence such 
 as food and clothing when we think for all ! when some great 
 principle of patriotism or duty shines over them. The simplest 
 pleasure when I am concerned that another shall enjoy it 
 how exalted it has become ! 
 
 " The small, familiar, transitory joy, 
 Seen in the light of an eternal truth 
 The mote the beam!" 
 
 What transmutations take place in this wondrous life of ours ! 
 The inexorable need of the hunger-driven animal lo ! it is a 
 component part of the sweetest of our Christian charities. (Page 
 206.) 
 
 The same law which rules in these sweet simple scenes 
 holds sway in the highest exercises of the philosophic 
 mind. 
 
 Ada. How could the merely pleasurable awake us into in- 
 tense thought? Or how could intense and anxious thought 
 rank amongst the merely pleasurable ? As well hope to drive 
 the night out of the twenty-four hours, as drive it out of the in- 
 most recesses of our thought. 
 
 Sandford. One might say that it is this infinite night, which 
 seems to surround our little globe, that throws an undying inter- 
 est on its petty transactions and transitory passions. 
 
 Ada. Speaking of my own experience, thought has been less 
 happy as my horizon of thought has extended. I suffered from 
 many a nightmare when I was a child, but I have suffered more 
 in later times when the dream was fading away not always 
 into the light of the morning. 
 
 Sandford. Yet I am sure that you would not contract your 
 horizon. We want some word to express that happiness which 
 is not pleasure. 
 
 Ada. Music expresses it to me ; I know no other language 
 that does. No ! I would not relinquish on any account what 
 
GRA VENHURST." 287 
 
 little has been granted me of intellectual vision. Come blind- 
 ness of the eye rather ! I do not envy the placidity of men 
 and women of manifestly contracted understandings. I might 
 as well envy (as I have heard some foolish people say they did) 
 the still more placid lives of our domestic animals. I delight to 
 contemplate I have no wish to imitate the life of any sort 
 of tabby. My cat enjoys her existence in common with me up 
 to a certain point. When in the winter evening I draw the 
 easy-chair towards the fire, she couches before me on the rug. 
 We both enjoy the light, the warmth, the softness, the repose, 
 and for a moment I distinctly congratulate myself on this per- 
 fect cat-like felicity. But this pleasant state of things must be, 
 with me, the condition only for some higher enjoyment. I 
 must converse with a friend, I must read books, I must think 
 my thoughts, I must lose myself in their labyrinth. Puss, on 
 the rug, stops where I begin feels all the peace, the comfort, 
 and the warmth, and stops there perfectly content. I see her 
 close her eyes and open them again, quite satisfied that every- 
 thing about her is as stationary as herself. Well, I will not envy 
 puss. I will take, by sympathy, her little contented life into 
 my own, and so enrich my being with one more kindly senti- 
 ment. This is all that I will do, whether the puss lies at my 
 feet, in her own fur, upon the rug, or whether she sits, in mob- 
 cap or pretty ringlets, upon the chair before me. (Pages 224, 
 225.) 
 
 But let us now revert to that stubborn and perplexing 
 theme, that which we call moral evil, the conscious and 
 wilful wrong-doing of man. At this point it becomes im- 
 possible to do justice to our author by fragmentary cita- 
 tions ; his view is so different from the treatment long 
 familiar in theology, that partial quotation can convey it 
 but imperfectly, and the reader must be referred to the 
 book itself. To the statement already cited, this may 
 here be added : 
 
 That which, amongst animals or idiots, is mere hurt and in- 
 jury, becomes moral evil, becomes crime or sin, to intelligent 
 man occupied with the interests of society or the presumed judg- 
 
288 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 merits of God. Evil, therefore, becomes moral evil how ? by 
 the development of human reason. And a pleasure-giving act 
 becomes moral goodness by the same development of intelli- 
 gence. We have not here to speak of any absolutely new pas- 
 sion ; what has converted evil into moral evil is the elevation of 
 other parts of bur nature. The intentional acts of men become 
 moral evil because they are performed or contemplated by 
 beings capable of moral judgments. Whether you pronounce 
 these judgments to be the result of a special moral faculty, or 
 describe them as the reason judging for the welfare of the 
 whole community, it is still sufficiently plain that evil becomes 
 moral evil by the addition of these judgments. It is the result 
 of this higher or peculiar development of the human mind that 
 to injure another, under certain circumstances, becomes moral 
 evil. We see by this sjmple statement the utter impossibility of 
 ascribing simple pain or evil to the Creator of the world, and 
 moral evil to some other and diabolic agent. The evil being 
 there, the conversion of it into moral evil marked our advance- 
 ment. (Page 174.) 
 
 What, in the nature of things, is founded on experience, must 
 be preceded by the requisite experience. If a race of thinking 
 beings is to act from a rule of reason or intelligence that is, 
 from generalized experience there must have been a process 
 of thought or experiment carried on, and carried on through 
 several generations. Man injures himself and his fellow-man 
 by his ignorance and passion. From many ill results of these 
 he learns temperance, he learns equity. These virtues are, 
 from their very nature, to be learnt from the experience of good 
 and evil, and will be learnt gradually. Turn the subject how 
 you will, moral good could not exist unless its counterpart of 
 moral evil also existed, or had existed. This truth is self-evi- 
 dent, and yet it seems to be overlooked by those who repeatedly 
 perplex themselves by asking, How could God be the author of 
 moral evil ? The great fact that ought to arrest their attention 
 is that God has been the author of a moral being. He has so 
 arranged the circumstances of life, and the powers and propen- 
 sities of man, that the reason or judgment cultivated in this 
 scene of pain and pleasure produces for us the sentiments of 
 merit and duty. (Page 176.) 
 
" GRA VENHURST." 289 
 
 With the idea of moral evil is closely connected the 
 question of the punishments inflicted by society, and the 
 punishments attributed to God. Here our author is at 
 his best. And here again we must refer the reader to 
 " Gravenhurst " itself, from which we borrow little more 
 than a fragment. 
 
 God, then, is the author of moral evil in what way ? By 
 a development of the reason of man He has enabled him to com. 
 pare conduct with conduct, result with result enabled him to 
 approve and condemn. 
 
 All this is very clear. But why, then, it is asked, does God 
 punish moral evil, if He created it ? 
 
 There are two theories abroad on the nature of divine punish- 
 ments. 
 
 If the divine punishments (whether judicial, or consisting of 
 penalties brought out by the operation of the laws already estab- 
 lished) have for their end the guidance of men, and of societies 
 of men, here or hereafter, then these divine punishments are but 
 means to carry on the progressive development of the human 
 species. The whole scheme is still in harmony in all its parts. 
 There is no difficulty in God's both creating and punishing moral 
 evil. He creates it by the additional intelligence He gives to 
 man ; that is, He has raised in man a desire to combat evil. He 
 fosters or enlightens that desire by affixing penalties where man 
 has declined this combat. 
 
 If, according to another theory, God punishes sin simply be- 
 cause it is sin simply from a supposed repugnance or hostility 
 to moral evil, without any regard to the results of punishment 
 then I admit that it is impossible to reconcile such notions of 
 God's justice with the fact that God % is the Creator of the world. 
 But this last theory of divine punishment is not, I believe, the 
 one generally received. 
 
 Perhaps in the general mind there is some confused notion of 
 retributive justice, which would be found difficult to reconcile 
 with the faith equally general that God made all mankind, and 
 the whole of our humanity. But the theory that God, from the 
 necessity of his nature, must punish sin as sin, without regard 
 to the beneficent result of the punishment itself, is one which 
 
290 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 would be only formally set forth by a peculiar class of theolo- 
 gians. It matters not, however, whether that class of theologians 
 be large or small ; it is a theory utterly irreconcilable with the 
 belief in one supreme, creative, and beneficent Intelligence. 
 
 The sentiment of remorse is debated between the Vicar 
 and Sandford. 
 
 Vicar. There is justice as well as benevolence in the charac- 
 ter of God. It is character as well as happiness for which God 
 creates us. The conscience of each man tells him that he lies 
 open to deserved punishment to punishment which has not 
 necessarily any reference to his own happiness or the happiness 
 of others. No guilty man feels that he ought to be punished for 
 the benefit that will follow from his punishment ; enough, he de- 
 serves it. 
 
 Sandford. Most certainly a criminal who has broken the laws 
 of God or man, and knows that a grave penalty hangs over him, 
 has quite enough to occupy his attention for the time ; quite 
 enough in this one association between his crime and its punish- 
 ment. That this one association should take instant and full 
 possession of his mind requires no psychological explanation. 
 
 Let such a man, however, have leisure to grow calm, and let 
 him be told that his punishment can answer no good purpose 
 whatever, and he will be the first to exclaim that it is a needless 
 cruelty to punish him. . . . 
 
 Vicar. ... I want you to dive into the recesses of a man's 
 conscience to fasten upon his free-will, and on the self-accusa- 
 tion that follows upon a voluntary wrong. A man who has wil- 
 fully broken the law feels that he is a culprit, and if you pardon 
 him, he still feels that he is a culprit, and deserves the punish- 
 ment of one. , 
 
 Sandford. I do dive so far as I am able into the recesses 
 of the conscience-stricken mind. I find there an emotion of ter- 
 ror that I cannot possibly trace to anything but some threat 
 issued by man, or supposed to be issued from God. This cannot 
 be a feeling springing up in the solitary mind ; the individual 
 mind does not produce the threat and the emotion both. 
 
 No man fears a punishment from God unless he has been 
 taught something about that punishment : and his fear of man 
 depends on the nature of his relation to his fellow-men. 
 
GRA VENHURST." 291 
 
 This terror of the conscience, therefore, lies in the strong as- 
 sociation between certain acts and certain threatenings, more or 
 less precise. Nor can we be surprised at the absorbing char- 
 acter of the emotion, since a criminal has brought down upon 
 himself the penalties of the law, the hatred of his neighbours, 
 and the apprehension of the supernatural punishment of God. 
 (Pages 270, 271.) 
 
 It is obvious how the idea of merit, as well as that of 
 guilt, loses much of its former significance under the 
 philosophy of this school. The charge is brought by its 
 opponents that with this change of view goes a loss of 
 moral energy. But that it may combine a charity of 
 judgment with ardor against vice and humility in virtue, 
 many instances might be given. Let this passage here 
 suffice : 
 
 We owe all to Heaven even our virtues. I have always felt 
 a certain timidity in dealing out the requisite censures against 
 men who have been led into error by hot, impetuous tempers, 
 who probably thirsted after pleasures and excitements which to 
 me and others were no temptations at all. If, when I was a 
 young man at the university, I led a tranquil, temperate, and 
 studious life, I feel that I should be something of a hypocrite 
 were I to claim any merit for this. Such was the only life I 
 cared to lead. I hated noise. I preferred fresh air to breath- 
 ing tobacco-smoke fresh from the mouths of other men. This 
 alone was enough to keep me much in my own rooms. The 
 wine-party was simply detestable. The morning headache had 
 no charms for me. Bacchus amongst his grapes and his satyrs 
 may be a classic subject of art : out of the canvas he is very 
 much of a beast. I have found men wittier as well as wiser 
 when they were quite sober. 
 
 Happy those to whom temperate passions have been given ! 
 I have known young men absurdly and even hypocritically 
 boastful of their ungovernable feelings. They, for their part, 
 are all flame ! They are all fool ! What is a man worth unless 
 he is master of himself ? unless reason, and not passion, is sit- 
 ting at the helm ?. And is not temperance the very conservator 
 
292 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 of that youth they prize so much which perhaps, indeed, they 
 have not yet learned to prize half enough ? (Page 286.) 
 
 To turn to another phase of the subject, our author 
 divides what we know as " evils " into two classes, the 
 remediable, in overcoming which consists human prog- 
 ress ; and the irremediable, as one of which he instances 
 the inexorable limit upon man's knowledge, the hopeless 
 inequality between what he longs to know and what it is 
 possible for him to know. 
 
 The state of the case, as put by the most desponding thinkers, 
 is this : That while on these great subjects truth is not to be 
 discovered, some men, or perhaps most men, at some period of 
 their lives, believe they have discovered it. It is necessary to 
 assume this, because if all men came to the same conclusion 
 that search was unavailing, then the discrepancy between our 
 wishes and our powers (which is here made the subject of 
 lamentation) would cease, and men would live contented with 
 their ignorance. 
 
 Attempts " to think the unthinkable " are not incessantly 
 made but on the assumption that some men believe that they 
 succeed where others perceive failure to be inevitable. A mix- 
 ture of doubt and faith in the same society is therefore the 
 final condition of things in which we are landed by those who 
 take the most melancholy view of human knowledge. This 
 mixture of doubt and faith is, at least, favourable to intellectual 
 energy and our highest life. 
 
 The man who stands before Nature, and earnestly interro- 
 gates her and his own soul as to what they can report of God, 
 is in a most solemn attitude of mind, but not necessarily a pain- 
 ful one. Let the response be uncertain, he still would not re- 
 linquish that attitude of mind under any bribe earth could 
 offer ; he would not relinquish it unless he would prefer to be 
 a beast rather than a man. He is man preeminently when he 
 stands in that attitude. (Pages 193, 194.) 
 
 Irremediable, inevitable, death at last awaits all. Yet, 
 would we wish to perpetuate this earthly existence ? 
 
" GRA VENHURST." 293 
 
 How much of life should we lose if we lived perpetually ! 
 How stagnant would have been the condition of man ! . . . I 
 cannot conceive that this middle-aged immortal would ever 
 keenly anticipate the future. Perhaps wonder itself would fade 
 away from the face of things. And that eternity beyond life 
 which death forever points to, though he points to it so silently, 
 would, of course, cease to be the great stimulant of man's sub- 
 limest thoughts and emotions. Nothing could be so fatal to 
 human happiness as a terrestrial immortality. (Pages 189, 190.) 
 
 Clear knowledge of a future existence is not given to 
 us, but the anticipation of a hereafter is a part of our hu- 
 man constitution. 
 
 The Vicar. People say of you that while you would teach 
 us admiration of this progressive world, you would shut us up 
 within the limits of a mundane existence, would forbid us to 
 aspire beyond it. 
 
 Sandford. I would teach that this life is worthy of our love 
 and admiration, and that God through our own efforts that is, 
 of course, through the efforts we are constituted to make, is 
 still rendering it more excellent and more happy. But I have 
 never said that the always imperfect knowledge and happiness 
 of man would confine his aspirations within the circuit of our 
 mortal existence. These aspirations, vague as they may be, I 
 take to be an inextinguishable portion of our humanity. 
 
 Our earth bends down to itself our rounded sky, makes an 
 ethereal dome for itself out of the infinite space beyond. So it 
 is with our humanity ; it rounds a heaven for itself out of the 
 infinite and the eternal. And just as we know that the sky is, 
 and yet know that the form it takes is due to our earth ; in 
 like manner we may know that the eternal life is, and yet feel 
 that the form it assumes to us is necessarily due to our present 
 humanity. It is a complement to that humanity is conceived 
 by some relation to it. 
 
 Ada. Take away the earth, and there would be no rounded 
 sky; take away the sky, and earth would be like an under- 
 ground clod which is inhabited by insects. (Pages 279, 280.) 
 
 It is the very nature of our progress in one direction to 
 lead us to higher aspirations than earth can gratify. 
 
294 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 Mansfield. Death will be always with us, and the loss of 
 those we loved. There will be spirits always to beckon us on- 
 wards to another life. 
 
 God will be ever with us. And when man has ceased to fear 
 his fellow-man, he will dare to think nobly and rationally of 
 God. 
 
 Ada. It is my faith that God will raise all his intelligent 
 creatures finally to the knowledge and love of himself. This, 
 and nothing less than this, can I accept as the end and purpose 
 of creation. 
 
 I must be permitted to think that the distresses of human 
 life have, in part at least, their explanation in this, that they 
 carry the mind onward to another world. 
 
 After all our generalizations, life is sad to many of us. 
 Glorious things there are in heaven and in earth, but what says 
 our poetess ? 
 
 " Two little tears suffice to hide them all ; " 
 
 and age after age men have consoled themselves and each other 
 by the hope of some compensating happiness hereafter. (Pages 
 325,326.) 
 
 Ada quotes Tennyson's familiar verses the hope that 
 every winter shall change to spring, though the hope is 
 uttered by " an infant crying in the night ; " and Sand- 
 ford responds : " Let the little children that are crying 
 for the light throw their arms around each other's neck, 
 and nestle the closer for the darkness that surrounds 
 them : so will they best subdue the terrors of the night." 
 
 Of whatever further state may await us, one charac- 
 teristic we know with perfect assurance. 
 
 Ada. But if we cannot understand how the criminal is pun- 
 ished in a future world through the natural consequences of 
 his criminality, we can understand how the cultivation of piety 
 of love to God and man will be there, as here, its own exceed- 
 ing great reward. This cultivates us for heaven for the abode 
 of whatever spirits stand nearer than we do to the throne of God. 
 All the physical universe is brought together, as some astron- 
 omer writes, " by the one common element of light ; " and in 
 
" GRA VENHURST." 295 
 
 like manner all the spiritual universe must be bound together 
 by the one common element of love that love which is also 
 reason. (Pages 278, 279.) 
 
 As to the tie between a present and future self, this 
 striking thought occurs. 
 
 Ada. Some recollection of this present terrestrial being must, 
 I suppose, remain, otherwise how recognize our personal iden- 
 tity, or the continuance of our existence ? But I recoil from the 
 idea that we shall be always turning over the pages of our mem- 
 ory, and reading the frivolous, blundering, incoherent entries in 
 it. Strange brain-book! a blotted register, whose leaves turn 
 by some magic of their own, and open too often at the place of 
 least pleasant reading. Most mysterious brain-book ! And we 
 see that here in this life it becomes defaced, and. torn, and 
 stained, and scribbled over, till nothing further can be regis- 
 tered, and the leaves turn slowly, and open only at a few of the 
 earliest pages. Well, would you have this brain-book restored 
 as some expect and ask for every word of it made legible, 
 every page of it opening, in its turn, throughout eternity ? Oh, 
 better far some new brain-book, to be filled with a nobler story ! 
 Who would wish to be reading eternally this old one ? 
 
 Sandford. Immortality is a great hope, but a dim concep- 
 tion. We only risk our hope when we attempt to render its nar 
 ture distinct. Our ideal acts beneficently upon the actual and 
 present existence, because it is not another complete life that 
 we, in fact, depict to ourselves, but only some isolated sentiment 
 of this life, that we glorify, and project, and follow, we know 
 not how, into eternity. (Pages 228, 229.) 
 
 And here is the true application of the supreme hope : - 
 
 Preparation for another life! The idea is grand, none 
 grander, if you have a high and large meaning for this prepara- 
 tion, if every beneficent activity, if every noble joy, if every ex- 
 alted sentiment, is your preparation for eternity. The end of a 
 thousand lives is just this, to live, under God, our highest life, 
 to develop all our capacities for knowledge, happiness, goodness. 
 Preparation for another world, in this sense, cannot be separated 
 from progress or from happiness in this. It is identical with 
 
296 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 our highest enjoyment of life, with our noblest efforts to ad- 
 vance. (Page 326.) 
 
 Nowhere in " Gravenhurst," nor in any other of our 
 author's writings, is much notice taken of the heaviest 
 and the commonest of human sorrows the sorrow 
 of bereavement. It is said indeed that the fear of our 
 friend's death gives far greater pain than the fear of our 
 own, and a few of the words we have quoted breathe a 
 tender consolation and hope. But the theme is little 
 dwelt upon. The brevity of its treatment is in contrast 
 with the full recognition given to the suffering which 
 flows from the felt limitation of human knowledge. And 
 yet, nowhere does the philosophy of " Gravenhurst " 
 admit of a richer application than here. Of no sorrow 
 is the beneficent effect more traceable than of bereave- 
 ment. No other so inspires the hope of a hereafter; 
 none so softens ; none has such power to deepen and 
 purify affection, to fuse it with moral aspiration, and 
 to widen it into a larger sympathy. " Blessed are they 
 that mourn " true, might our philosopher of " Graven- 
 hurst " say, for the very meaning of comfort is unknown 
 except to those who have mourned. 
 
 The attitude of our author toward the Christian church 
 may be shown by one or two passages. 
 
 Mansfield. When I returned to England, nothing struck me 
 more than the increased zeal and earnestness in all parties 
 throughout the domain of religious inquiry. But that which 
 seemed to me most noteworthy was the approximation between 
 a philosophical and critical section of the Christian church and 
 those who avowedly trust themselves to the speculations of human 
 reason. It seemed to me that there was a small party almost 
 prepared to yield the principle of Revelation, if they could be 
 assured that certain great religious truths would be generally 
 acknowledged as founded on human reason. On the other hand, 
 a grave and pious scepticism had arisen amongst us, such as 
 feels its responsibility to God and man, and asks itself anxiously 
 
" GRA VENHURST. 1 " 297 
 
 how it is to take charge of society, if society should be thrown 
 upon its hands. I could not but observe how much there is of 
 the believer in our modern sceptic, how much of the sceptic in 
 some of our modern believers. (Page 249.) 
 
 Sandford. If so various a country as England could put for- 
 ward its model, or " representative man," how would you de- 
 scribe him ? He would certainly be a Christian, but a Christian 
 who has a zeal for promoting all the temporal interests of soci- 
 ety whether it is a system of drainage or a system of educa- 
 tion. And astonishing indeed it is to behold the number of 
 charitable, municipal, national undertakings, in which our repre- 
 sentative Christian takes the lead. We do honour to his piety, 
 but we demand that it occupy itself with the good, healthy, 
 happy life of this terraqueous globe. We have very little re- 
 spect for the solitary raptures of saints, looking upward into the 
 skies, if nothing comes of it for this lower world. Such solitary 
 raptures we rather excuse than admire. Vague exultations fol- 
 lowed by vague depressions we leave them undisturbed. But 
 not to saintship of this description does England look for its sal- 
 vation. By all means, let this or that gentle youth sit apart, 
 with books of devotion on his knees sit there in ecstatic, hope- 
 ful, amazed condition of mind, if such to him be the best and 
 most innocent mode of passing his existence. Innocent it is, and 
 therefore let it be undisturbed. But England thinks it has other 
 employment for its youth, and looks for help to another species 
 of piety. (Page 289.) 
 
 Ada. There was a voice in the wilderness, and it cried, Re- 
 pent ! And there followed another voice, still more divine, and 
 it said, Love ! And the tempest arose, the tempest of wars, 
 invasions, revolutions, and it carried these two voices round 
 the world, and to this moment these divine words are every- 
 where reechoed, Repent and Love. Repent that you may be 
 pure, and capable of loving. 
 
 To grieve for our failings, and to love each other, this is a 
 teaching worthy of being called divine. Heaven's authority for 
 the preeminence of the sentiment of Love I think much of this. 
 Love is, indeed, the very passion of the reason ; for reason, from 
 its nature, can desire only good. Still there are daring moods, 
 and there are daring reasoners, occasionally exalting Hate and 
 
298 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 Revenge to an almost equal eminence. See how some sweet ser- 
 viceable Christian soul takes upon itself to love all the afflicted 
 all, even the guilty. Wherever there is sickness and distress, or 
 crime, which is a sickness of the soul, the Christian comes if 
 possible to heal, always to soothe and commiserate. You will say 
 
 no, not either of you, but some stern jurisprudential moralist 
 will say that this universal charity tends to obliterate the dis- 
 tinctions between virtue and vice that it counteracts the moral 
 opinion of society, which demands that love and kindly service 
 be withdrawn from the criminal. But this universal love, re- 
 member, is love with tears in its eyes love that will not cease 
 to weep and protest till the guilty one has turned from his guilt 
 
 till he too can repent, and can love. Nay, the Christian is 
 the true philosopher ; for shining through all his inevitable cen- 
 sure of the criminal is his deep compassion that the man should 
 be a criminal deep compassion, which he recognizes as a di- 
 vine sentiment, which he hears in the last word God has ut- 
 tered out of eternity to his suffering and bewildered creatures. 
 
 To love is the great glory, the last culture, the highest hap- 
 piness; to be loved is little in comparison. Amongst our 
 strangely complicated relationships of life, it often seems as if 
 the loved one had all the advantage. To him the service, for 
 him the sacrifice ; from him, perhaps, no return. You pity 
 some deluded mother, impoverishing herself for a reprobate son, 
 who laughs as he spends her little hoard. Do not pity ad- 
 mire rather ; she is happier than a thousand reprobates. She 
 loves. Oh, if One really existed, as I and others believe, who 
 loved all the world, and in some inexplicable way suffered for 
 its salvation, he was a God, at least, in his sublime happiness. 
 Nor should I say that it was a " religion of sorrow " that such a 
 love had inaugurated. (Pages 259, 260.) 
 
 Where, now, in briefest word, have our philosophizings 
 brought us ? How do we return from them to the view 
 of the actual world and our own business therein ? 
 
 I think it well to see that it is by overcoming evil, as well 
 moral evil as natural evil, that we rise in the scale of creation. 
 This very fact convinces us that evil was not brought here other- 
 wise than beneficently is, in fact, part of the scheme of a be- 
 
" GRA VENHURST." 299 
 
 nevolent Creator. This may aid us, too, in supporting manfully 
 the unavoidable, and in combating manfully all remediable evils. 
 He who seeks truth and loves goodness has God upon his side. 
 
 I think it well to see that the higher needed the lower, that 
 we may learn to respect the whole of our humanity. Even that 
 which we have learnt to dispense with may have been a neces- 
 sary help to our present elevation. I think it well to see that 
 Human Society becomes the mould for the individual man born 
 into it, and to see, also, how this mould itself becomes improved 
 by those stronger minds which can advance upon the education 
 they have received. Such truths as these enlighten each man 
 on the debt, and on the duty, he owes to society. They also 
 show Humanity, as a whole, standing in the presence of a be- 
 neficent Creator, but one whose love exacts our effort, our 
 endurance, under whom pain and terror ofttimes do the offices 
 of love. (Page 324.) 
 
 All who battle for the good are, in the language of a natural 
 piety, the children of God. They are ranged on the side of 
 goodness, or the production of happiness, and they also receive 
 into their hearts, as their indisputable reward, the highest senti- 
 ments of happiness. (Page 180.) 
 
 It is a noble life in which this contest is bravely and wisely 
 sustained. Worlds there may be where there is only pleasure, 
 and only goodness, but we can form no conception of such a 
 state of things ; or so far as we can form any conception, it is a 
 languid pleasure and a torpid goodness that rises to our imagi- 
 nation. It is not our supreme wisdom to pass life dreaming of a 
 world where there will be no evil ; it is highest wisdom, individ- 
 ually and socially, to do battle for the good, so that this mingled 
 existence which is alone intelligible to us may put on all the 
 glory it is capable of. From this contest we win our felicity and 
 our progress, and the contest itself is a great and enduring hap- 
 piness, which runs through all the ages of mankind. All that is 
 energetic and noble savours of this contest. Aye, even what is 
 tenderest in human life comes out of some struggle between 
 good and evil. Even our very piety springs from it. (Pages 
 139, 140.) 
 
 Do not ask for a world without evil. Seek rather to know 
 and rightly appreciate this our own dark-bright existence, and 
 
300 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 enter, heart and soul, into the old warfare for the Good ! (Page 
 139.) 
 
 At the outset of William Smith's life its purpose 
 seemed fitly summed up in Charles Kingsley's phrase, 
 kt Given self, to find God." The deepest finding lay in 
 that fidelity to moral good which he never forsook. But 
 the intellectual quest was long and arduous. The barrier 
 to intellectual peace lay in the seeming contradiction in- 
 volved in the existence of evil in a divinely ordered world. 
 In " Gravenhurst " we have at last an interpretation of evil 
 as the servant of good. It is an interpretation that only 
 became possible when the light of modern knowledge had 
 been thrown on the procedure of the universe. Perplex- 
 ities remain and doubtless always will remain. But great 
 is the advance, glad as morning is the light ! The seeker, 
 " sublimely meek," who entered the clouds and darkness 
 of Sinai, comes back with a prophet's message. 
 
CHAPTER XX. 
 
 SWITZERLAND. 
 
 (From the Memoir.} 
 
 IN the May of 1862 " Gravenhurst " was published, and 
 we went to Switzerland for five months, dividing the time 
 between Bex, Zermatt, Sixt, Chamounix, and Unterseen. 
 It was our custom to settle down quietly at one place after 
 another, to get its loveliness by heart, and to be free from 
 that ruffling of equanimity bad weather may entail on the 
 rapid tourist. Our fortnight at Zermatt stands out very 
 prominently in my memory. The keen air and the kind 
 of scenery exhilarated my husband to the utmost. In a 
 manuscript book of his I find, very hastily jotted down : 
 " Two short, long weeks and all my future, such is your 
 share, Zermatt, of my life. Nowhere the torrents so 
 grand, the snow-hills more beautifully set. I cannot de- 
 scribe the scene on the Gorner Grat but I recur to it 
 and keep it alive. All pleasure flowers the English 
 hare-bell looks up from my ankle, the white Pinguicula 
 (as if dropt from the skies upon its stalk, on which it rests 
 rather than grows), shy as the violet and more delicate. 
 You look up from the flower and down into the ravine. 
 I tremble as I look below, one false step and all the 
 beauty is gone forever, gone for me ! And see, the tor- 
 rent-stream is so safe, just here is its low bed scooped in 
 the solid rock ; it is so distant as to seem quite silent. 
 And then the village, and the cows, and the goats, and the 
 church and the bells ; a great deal of the praying here 
 seems done by the bells, and not badly." 
 
302 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 What rapturous memories of our long walks those few 
 words waken ! At Zermatt, too, we made an interesting 
 and enduring friendship. We were there early in June, 
 and the Hotel du Mont Cervin had only two other in- 
 mates, a young husband and wife, and their sweet child of 
 three. The visitors' book gave their names ; they were 
 New-Englanders. We never thought it worth while to 
 record ours, and hence in the course of two or three days 
 Mr. Loomis, who discerned something remarkable about 
 the man, asked William what his was. " The commonest 
 of all English names, William Smith." " Yes, but I like 
 it for the sake of a favourite author." And then I broke 
 in, inquiring, with a strong presentiment as to what the 
 answer would be, which of the numberless Smiths he al- 
 luded to? "The author of ' Thorndale.' " It was a great 
 pleasure to me to say, " This is he." Mr. Loomis had 
 with him the American edition of the book, which my hus- 
 band saw with interest. So began a friendship and corre- 
 spondence that were kept up to the last. 
 
 We had had some vague idea of spending the winter 
 in Switzerland, but the illness of my dear father recalled 
 us. The winter was spent at Weston-super-Mare, where 
 we knew no one where from the 14th of October to the 
 17th of February we only spoke to each other ; and never 
 were we more cheerful than under these circumstances. 
 The place itself had not much interest country and sea 
 were alike tame ; but the beautiful sunsets in front of our 
 large window were a constant source of pleasure, and we 
 had Switzerland to remember. But, indeed, however ec- 
 static my husband's enjoyment of Swiss glories, it was far 
 less exceptional than his unfailing delight in the familiar 
 shows of earth and sky. It never was more true than of 
 him that 
 
 " The poet hath the child's sight in his breast, 
 And sees all new. What oftenest he has viewed, 
 He views with the first glory." 
 
S W1TZERLAND. 303 
 
 As usual, during these peaceful months William was 
 thoroughly occupied, not only in writing for the magazine, 
 but with psychological subjects. In the manuscript book 
 that at that time lay upon his desk, I find much jotted 
 down under the head of " Knowing and Feeling." But the 
 one thing in him that I regretted was his habit of writing 
 so many of his thoughts illegibly, even to himself. He 
 would often deplore his own way of working, extracts 
 made, line of argument traced out, to be referred to here- 
 after, and when wanted undecipherable ! When a new 
 manuscript book was begun, there would he resolve to do 
 better ; but habit was too strong, the pen flew too fast, 
 the writing (in his letters so delicate and clear) baffled 
 the writer's own patience. 
 
 To Miss Mary Wrench. 
 
 ZERMATT, June 18, 1862. 
 
 This is the place of places ! No mountain that I ever 
 saw equals the Matterhorn in his hold over one's mind. 
 Read about him, I beg, in Murray. How he rears him- 
 self up how when the clouds come round him it takes 
 your breath away every time that he emerges . to find that 
 his head can indeed be there so incredibly high ! . . . On 
 our way here, at Visp, I heard as I believed pouring rain 
 all night, but did not like to get up and verify, fearing to 
 disturb William. At five we were up. It was the river, 
 not the rain, I had heard ; clouds were rising ; guides 
 promised fine weather. We were in our saddles at seven. 
 How you would have enjoyed it ! I soon lost all sense of 
 nervousness, and indeed there is nothing to be the least 
 nervous about. I love precipices, and to stretch out my 
 arms over a gorge with a torrent at the bottom. The 
 nine hours' ride was one ecstasy of enjoyment; the day 
 perfect, the horse an angel the saddle an arm-chair. 
 Murray gives one no idea of the grandeur of the scenery 
 the whole way to Zermatt. What with perpendicular and 
 
304 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 richly colored rocks, hills wooded sometimes to their tops, 
 and overlooked by one white summit aftfcr another, the 
 river roaring far below, the flowers by the wayside, the 
 butterflies that crossed one's path ; what with the gran- 
 deur and the beauty, and all of it " reflected from the eyes 
 that one loves," I may say life culminated that day. And 
 yet the next was I think better, for William was in my 
 room at five, wild with spirits, feeling the air gives him 
 new life, and wanting instantly to be off on another expe- 
 dition. Accordingly off we set to the Schwarzsee (read 
 about it) and oh, the glory of Monte Rosa, cloudless to 
 the summit, and the fairy beauty of the flowers ! Coming 
 down, we got wrapped in clouds. I liked to see them 
 rising like smoke, so rapidly out of the valley, veiling the 
 mountains, then all melting away suddenly. I would not 
 have been without them, though it was very cold. I have 
 got to like the feeling of going up-stairs on horseback. 
 We had one of the sweet fellows who brought us over 
 the day before, and a lovely youth of eighteen as guide. 
 Fuchs (such was the dear horse's name) wriggled so de- 
 lightfully up great slabs of rock ! There was no one in 
 the great hotel but an American Congregational minister 
 and his wife and child he a remarkably handsome 
 young man in delicate health, she healthy and kindly look- 
 ing, with loving eyes, and a quite caressing smile. What 
 walks we had Saturday and Sunday, what snow moun- 
 tains we saw the Twins and the Lyskamm (almost as 
 high as Monte Rosa), towering above the beautiful Gorner 
 Glacier, and a fringe of fir-trees for foreground, and such 
 a sky ! And then think what it is to see William wild 
 with health and mirth, and full of the most bewitching 
 conceptions. We have walked every day in spite of the 
 weather, which broke up on Monday. Tuesday we went 
 to see the river Visp break out of its icy cradle, so weird 
 and grand and desolate, with the mist of rain hanging 
 round. Yesterday I was thinking about other things, and 
 
SWITZERLAND. 305 
 
 down I went on a slab of rock, not knocking my head, but 
 jarring it terribly. It aches this morning, but I 'm quite 
 well. . . . We talk of going to Sixt, and there spending 
 perhaps a month or six weeks. We must settle some- 
 where where I can get on with my translation, for a letter 
 from Mr. Strahan announces two other books, and also 
 that I may write two other " Photographic Sketches " 
 so one must be a little fixed. 
 
 VALLEY OF SIXT, July 31, 1862. 
 
 The hotel at Sixt is an extraordinary old place. It was 
 once a monastery but I have already described it to the 
 dear grandparents, and will only say of it that it is the 
 most haunted looking place I have ever been in, with its 
 low arched windowless corridor of 120 feet, into which the 
 bedrooms open ; and the first evening, when we were the 
 only persons in the house I could not let your uncle Wil- 
 liam leave me for a moment, such was my nervous con- 
 dition. Half the building is utterly dilapidated ; there are 
 underground dark places, and an old crypt communicating 
 with the church which at night seemed to me unutterably 
 gloomy. However, our room was large and charming. 
 Nothing can exceed the loveliness of the scenery loveli- 
 ness and grandeur. Three weeks have passed away very 
 happily. We had once a char-a-banc with an enchanting 
 mule, and a kind one, generally they are vicious, and I 
 cannot express my affectionate admiration for fear of being 
 bit but with that exception we have contented ourselves 
 with long walks, for mules are an expensive luxury. The 
 country people here are a particularly pleasant and con- 
 versable race. I seldom walk alone without a long chat 
 with some one, and a chapter of family history. They go 
 much to raris from this lovely valley in which it is 
 quite difficult to believe in Paris, or any large town with 
 its unrest and turmoil. This is the land of waterfalls. 
 There are six really fine ones within an easy walk. Of 
 
306 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 these three gush out of the ground, fed by some tarn or 
 by the glacier on the mountain top far away. Some days 
 I have sat at home to translate, while my dear one took a 
 ramble alone. Some charming walks we have taken to- 
 gether. Once I went off alone at half -past six to an ele- 
 vation several thousand feet above Sixt. In short, it has 
 been very delightful the weather glorious the loftiest 
 mountains cloudless, seeming to " melt and throb away 
 at the sight of the great sky," and lit up at sunset with 
 intense rare color. ... In this large airy room we have 
 never suffered from excessive temperature. There has 
 been but one drawback the fleas ! sometimes I have 
 been tempted to be quite low about them. I often catch 
 two enemies at the same moment with each hand eight 
 or ten a day is the constant average. 
 
 Chamounix, /Sunday afternoon. We left Sixt Friday 
 evening in the drollest vehicle you ever saw, like a thing 
 in Hogarth's prints a car for two with a canopy, so : 
 [picture] . It is almost on the ground, but very easy, and 
 we had a darling horse, who went at a famous pace and 
 never seemed at all tired. Our canopy kept out a burn- 
 ing sun. We left Samoens at half past five yesterday, 
 and the beauty of the peaked, bold mountains, all lilac 
 haze in the morning light, and the rich foliage on their 
 slopes, is not to be told. So much for effects of light and 
 shade we had thought that drive rather dull which now 
 kept us speechless with entranced ecstasy. And then the 
 dew on the grass, and on our spirits! So fresh, so 
 happy ! When we got to St. Martin, Mont Blanc was 
 cloudless in his immensity. William lay on the ground 
 the two hours, lost to all sense of fatigue and hunger. I, 
 a lower creature, hunted and slew the last fleas of Sixt, 
 and ate an omelette. We had quite a touching little part- 
 ing at Sixt, Friday evening, the sweet Marie, the maid, 
 so sorry to lose us, and the washerwoman coming out to 
 
SWITZERLAND. 307 
 
 shake hands and offer an oleander and a most fragrant 
 rose as a " souvenir de Sixt " sweet Sixt ! We left St. 
 Martin at about one o'clock. From Chede the rise was 
 long and steep, and we walked a good deal beneath the 
 most burning of suns, but there was a breeze and often 
 shade, and the scenery the whole way to Servoz was be- 
 yond description. From Servoz a dear mule was taken to 
 assist our famous horse and we walked no more. What 
 the glory was ! But some miles before we reached Cha- 
 mounix I was too tired to feel anything. William, on the 
 contrary, all soul, and all thrilled with the vast, simple, 
 cold, stern grandeur of this valley, as peak after peak 
 seemed to fall into line and range themselves under the 
 white banner of the monarch mountain. There are as 
 many mules here as people, and such immense, sleek, de- 
 lightful fellows. But they are very expensive, and we 
 will see what we can walking. To-day I have been to 
 church. There is a very pretty English church here, and 
 a most earnest, elderly man preached. William has had 
 a day of rapture, on the grass, looking at Mont Blanc. 
 He came in with one of his inspired looks, which so won- 
 drously change the aspect of the man. After all, he thinks 
 nothing we have seen so grand as this. I infinitely pre- 
 fer Zermatt and the marvellous Matterhorn. 
 
 WESTON-SUPER-MARE, Nov., 1862. 
 
 My darling, you see your Zia sits down promptly to 
 answer your little note, though it is but a shabby affair. 
 I should have liked it to be an impulse and a pleasure to 
 write to her, but people are not to be persuaded into 
 impulses. However, whatever you might say would be 
 thought by me well worth hearing. Your Zia likes to 
 hear of small details, of letters received and the like, 
 as well as of feelings and thoughts. And for your own 
 dear sake remember that the effort made to write a long 
 letter leaves a sense of cheerfulness behind that a hasty 
 
308 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 note dashed off never does. Your darling godmother 
 writes such pleasant things of you they so thoroughly 
 like you and admire your pretty face. This is not the 
 least likely to make you vain, any vanity you may have 
 being of the pining and rather morbid order that wants 
 to be fed up into health ! Mine was always of the same 
 nature, and partial appreciation always did me immense 
 good. It is only when people rate us a little above our 
 true standard that we can come up to it. Oh, it is so 
 good, therefore, to love and be loved ! I rejoice more than 
 I can say that you should be with two such samples of 
 human nature as General and Mrs. Cotton. I am sure 
 you must feel your spirits rise as you see what a divine 
 thing this earthly life may be made this life which with 
 all its exquisite possibilities lies all before you. You were 
 at Chester, my dear, this day fortnight, when your Gran 
 got a long letter from me, which of course you saw. 1 
 have just had an excellent account from her. Dear Gran ! 
 She writes in such good spirits and the dear Grandpere 
 has been down, she says, several times, and must be mar- 
 vellously better, for he speaks of being photographed next 
 week. Tell me, my dear one, when you know, your winter 
 plans, but meanwhile give nothing a thought but your 
 happy visit. I rejoice to believe that dear Edith is quite 
 happy with the grandparents. It is pleasant to us all k. 
 feel ourselves of use, and of consequence to the daily lives 
 of others. I thought Edith so improved in every way. 
 It is, I am sure, very good for her to be at Chester all 
 her more helpful qualities are called into play. Did I tell 
 you I mean, did I tell in my last letter to the Gran - 
 what a charming review there had been of " Graveiihurst " 
 in the " Revue des Deux Mondes ? " We lead such a 
 quiet life here, so different, so contrasted in its circum- 
 stances with the social one your sweet godmother leads. 
 We do not know a single person, nor shall we during our 
 months here speak to any one but to each other ! And yet 
 
SWITZERLAND. 309 
 
 I maintain that we both are very social people. I saw it 
 remarked the other day that the most solitary people are 
 at the same time the most sociable, and it really is a truth 
 though it seems a paradox. I can't say I want anything, 
 for that would imply some sadness or discontent, and 
 every one of my days is brim-full of happiness. But yet 
 if any friend did appear, it would be very charming, too. 
 Sometimes we think, how nice to go to Edinburgh, where 
 we have so many real friends. . . . Oh, those St. Ber- 
 nard dogs ! what precious creatures they must be what 
 delicious cheeks they must have how I should kiss 
 them ! Are they much attached to their master and mis- 
 tress ? There are not many dogs here, not any that I am 
 on speaking terms with. I must needs tell you of my 
 letters, dear, for unless I record what we have had for din- 
 ner the last week, or prose about the books we have been 
 reading, or get upon William's perfections, which I am 
 always in danger of doing what have I to write about ? 
 We are living very economically here. Indeed, we must 
 do so, for we have mainly our work to depend upon, and 
 that is a precarious thing. I have been employing myself 
 in translating one of Victor Hugo's poems, but I dare say 
 I shall not get it taken. 
 
CHAPTER XXI. 
 
 MOTHER AND DAUGHTER. 
 
 {From the Memoir.) 
 
 IN the spring of 1863, after a little round of visits a 
 thing unprecedented with us we found ourselves again 
 in the neighborhood of Coniston, attracted thither mainly 
 by friends with whom, during our stay at Tent Cottage, 
 we had entered into cordial relations, and whom we had 
 much enjoyed meeting during our Swiss tour. One of 
 these friends was an especially congenial companion to 
 my husband, and his correspondent to the end. When- 
 ever he had received any new or vivid delight from art or 
 nature, or whenever a political or religious movement had 
 excited in him more than usual interest, I always knew 
 that the sheets of note-paper I saw spread out on the lit- 
 tle desk were destined for Miss Rigbye. She will not, I 
 know, object to my quoting here her earliest impression of 
 him : 
 
 " I like to recall the first time I saw him, and the feel- 
 ing that his joyous, radiant expression awakened in me 
 something of surprise, and wonder, and pleasure. I re- 
 member distinctly recognizing that it was something I had 
 never seen before." 
 
 During the course of this summer, there fell upon me 
 an irreparable blow, the death within one week of both 
 beloved parents. But my husband's presence made an- 
 guish (as I now understand the word) impossible. A few 
 days before her sudden seizure, my mother had said to me, 
 " Thank God, my darling, that when I am in my grave 
 
MOTHER AND DAUGHTER. 311 
 
 you will have one to love you as I do ! " She, better than 
 any one, would have understood how, having all in him, 
 even her loss could not darken life. My joy henceforth 
 lacked the complete reflection it had found from her sym- 
 pathy, but it was " fulness of joy " still. More than ever 
 my company, more than ever tender, my husband seemed 
 resolved that my nature should know no want. Part of 
 the ensuing winter was spent in Edinburgh amid true 
 friends ; the remainder at Brighton. 
 
 The story of her parents' last days was written in a 
 letter to be circulated among their friends. From the 
 touching story we take two or three passages. 
 
 August 19, 1863. 
 
 [She relates how she was summoned to her parents at 
 Chester, her father, for a long time blind and an invalid, 
 having suffered a second stroke of paralysis. She found 
 him unable to speak, though evidently with clear mind.] 
 I believe that he never for a moment expected to recover, 
 though when we told him of good symptoms he would 
 bow a gracious assent. But that was for our sakes. He 
 knew the value of hope to those who attend the sick. 
 Meanwhile, as I found that to speak much to him was to 
 provoke painful efforts to reply, that he seemed indiffer- 
 ent to reading, and that my presence did not soothe him 
 more than that of others, I was less taken up with him than 
 I had been during my two previous visits, and more con- 
 stantly with my own most precious mother. All who know 
 me at all know, I think, how intensely I loved her, how in- 
 tensely we loved each other. But never in my whole life 
 did I appreciate her more than during this last fortnight. 
 Everything was cheery and pleasant. She took a hopeful 
 view of my dear father's case, trusted she might yet see 
 him sitting up a little in his chair, rejoiced in his freedom 
 from bodily pain, and made the best of everything. . . . 
 
312 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 During my stay in Chester, the weather was almost with- 
 out exception bright, joyous, breezy. My mother and I 
 usually took a long walk in the evening. How she en- 
 joyed the air, the sunset sky, the waving of the trees be- 
 fore the house, the flowers in other people's gardens, the 
 noise and laughter of children in the street ! How heav- 
 enly her spirit was ! I remarked to many that she was 
 more perfect than ever the fine gold seemed to have 
 lost all alloy. There were no longer the importunate beg- 
 gars besieging the door who had chafed my less confiding 
 nature on former occasions. She had all her characteris- 
 tic energy of kindness and sympathy, but she had no rest- 
 lessness with it. She would lie on the sofa so placidly, 
 reading some religious book, or knitting the unfinished 
 stocking which is now one of my best treasures. Her ap- 
 petite was good ; she enjoyed her dinner, enjoyed her 
 bed, enjoyed especially the morning service at the Cathe- 
 dral, enjoyed Dr. McNeile's sermon, enjoyed my chat, my 
 jokes, enjoyed the gambols of puss and puppy, enjoyed 
 my letters which were always hers to read, enjoyed every- 
 thing. I think the words " In everything giving thanks " 
 would have been her fittest motto. How we talked ! I 
 fancy that no one estimated her intelligence quite so cor- 
 rectly as I. She had a sweet humility that often kept her 
 silent in society, to herself so often her opinion did not 
 seem worth giving ; but with me she thought aloud, and I 
 was often struck by the breadth and enlightenment of her 
 views, and always by the correctness of her taste. Intui- 
 tively she discerned the best in character, literature, art. 
 I always found her the most attractive of companions. 
 Age had not touched one faculty of her mind. I mourn 
 her (she was seventy-eight) as I should mourn a contem- 
 porary. Yet I thank God that it was so. I would rather 
 part with my treasures when treasured most, than be 
 weaned from them by any diminution of their excellence. 
 I prefer the sharp pang and the perfect memory. Oh, 
 
MOTHER AND DAUGHTER. 313 
 
 how we talked of life and death, and all connected with 
 death, for the possibilities of my dear father's case intro- 
 duced that theme. The morning I went away (Monday, 
 the third) she said, " How I shall miss you," and for a 
 second her dear face grieved, " but I don't give myself a 
 thought in the matter, and I would not keep you any 
 longer from dear William for five hundred pounds." 
 The precious angel! [The mother's sudden illness re- 
 called the daughter, two days later.] Whether she knew 
 me or not I can never be sure never in this world. 
 The dear eyes would not, could not, meet mine, the dear 
 hand could not return my pressure. There was no evi- 
 dence of suffering, and from time to time the sweetest 
 smiles played over the face. I think she must have heard 
 my voice. One thing she certainly heard I asked dear 
 Maria Barker to repeat to her her favourite hymn, the 
 hymn she knew by heart : 
 
 " Rock of Ages, cleft for me, 
 Let me hide myself in Thee." 
 
 There was a radiance then in the eyes and the sweet 
 lips moved, as though joining in that prayer. I think, too, 
 she must have been conscious of my unalterable love and 
 sorrow, but that may have seemed secondary then. More 
 than once she tried to tell us something something 
 cheerful, happy, peaceful; that was plain from the ex- 
 pression of the face. My arm was under her when the 
 long breath, and then the pause, came. Not a struggle, 
 not a contortion, not one physical horror. It seemed 
 meet that she whose life was so sweet, so imbued with con- 
 sideration for others, should even in her dying give no 
 one any pain, any memory that they would wish to lose. 
 ... I left her looking as if my lightest call would waken 
 her from that lifelike and most placid sleep, and went at 
 once to my dear father's room. What he must have suf- 
 fered during that day and night of suspense, when he 
 
314 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 never heard her dear, prompt, helpful step or heard her 
 cheering, comforting voice, God alone knows. He knew 
 that she was ill ; Brownlow had told him so, told him once 
 that she was very ill he feared ; and he must have heard 
 occasional sounds of grief, for between the rooms there 
 was only the closed door. My dear father ! I went to him, 
 kissed him, told him our dearest one was " better now, well 
 now." At once he caught the truth. " God have mercy 
 mercy ! " he exclaimed, lifting the one hand and 
 groaning deeply. That night I sat with him from twelve 
 till half past four, and our hearts were, I felt, united most 
 closely in their love and sorrow. I talked of her, of all 
 her goodness and sweetness, of his value for her. He 
 pressed my hand, and the tears kept flowing from the 
 sightless eyes. From that moment his patience was pre- 
 ternatural. When one thinks of his suffering condition, 
 tied and bound by infirmity, one must indeed admire his 
 patience throughout, but before she went he had, as was 
 inevitable, moments of irritation when we failed to catch 
 the meaning that to him was so obvious, but after her de- 
 parture there was never one. . . . [From the time of the 
 mother's burial, the father failed rapidly.] My father 
 perfectly knew his own condition. During the forty-eight 
 hours that followed he helped us to nurse him. His hear- 
 ing evidently continued acute almost to the end. I thank 
 God that it was so, and that he could catch the words of 
 our unutterable love, tenderness, and gratitude. I laid 
 his hand upon the head of every one of us, his three chil- 
 dren and his three grandchildren, and there it rested in a 
 silent blessing. We were all with him to the last. Till 
 I die I shall remember the scene upon which the dawn 
 of Wednesday broke. The dear girls, who would not 
 leave him, had fallen asleep, one on each side of him, their 
 young flushed faces resting against his head. He lay 
 there asleep too, very often comfortably asleep, looking so 
 grand and calm; such a venerable head, his measured 
 
MOTHER AND DAUGHTER. 315 
 
 breathing not startling them. They loved him so much 
 they had no fear of seeing him die. Their gentle hero- 
 ism and self-forgetfulness were indeed very remarkable 
 throughout. These were solemn nights and days sol- 
 emn, not terrible. He was spared all acute suffering. I 
 believe the heavy groans that burst from him at times 
 were more of grief for her than because of his own pain. 
 He was not restless. Throughout one felt his love and 
 sympathy and consideration for us all, felt his conscious- 
 ness of our most deep and reverent affection. There was 
 no struggle. The face grew paler and paler the breath- 
 ing slower. It was half past eleven when his spirit passed 
 away. He died one week after her was buried one 
 week after her funeral. It is well. One would not if 
 one could have kept him here, blind, speechless, widowed. 
 But the world seems a changed place to us, and years are 
 crowded into one little fortnight. Nothing ages like the 
 loss of parents. We may well thank God who spared 
 them to us so long, and has given us such blessed recollec- 
 tions of them both. 
 
 William Smith 1 to Rev. H. Loomis. 
 
 KESWICK, Oct. 23, 1863. 
 
 I take up the pen instead of one who uses it much bet- 
 ter than myself, because my dear Lucy has lately under- 
 gone a very severe trial, and she would rather that I told 
 you of her bereavements than that she should have to retell 
 the sad history herself. ... I was very much interested 
 in what you told me of the impression that your great 
 civil war makes on the North, or rather the very little 
 impression it seems to make on some of the States remote 
 from the scene of operations. We, in England, perhaps 
 talk and think as much about this terrible war as the in- 
 habitants of Boston and New York. It is still the great 
 
 1 Throughout the volume, letters to which the writer's name is not 
 prefixed are by Lucy Smith. 
 
316 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 topic of the day or rather of the age with us. Pub- 
 lic opinion is of course divided, but I think I am right in 
 saying that the majority of those who have thought at all 
 upon the subject would agree in these three propositions : 
 1. Peace ! Peace ! Peace ! 2. If it must be war, may the 
 North conquer ! and out of this dreadful conflict (whether 
 as purpose or mere result) may slavery be extinguished ! 
 3. For England's own conduct, the strictest neutrality. 
 This I think would represent the reflective public opinion. 
 The popular sympathy in favor of the South resolves 
 itself into an admiration of the pluck, the courage, and 
 perseverance of the weaker of the two combatants. If a 
 little boy fights a bigger boy than himself and fights him 
 well, he will enlist the sympathies of all the boys who are 
 looking on. It is thus the South has been undoubtedly 
 popular with the multitude. But no reflective politician 
 can admire the sort of republic the South desired to estab- 
 lish. He could accept it, rather than incur all the evils 
 and all the dangers of this tremendous civil war dangers 
 I mean to your own political constitution. Yet I think 
 on this and other subjects we argue too much in the old 
 track. We do not sufficiently consider that the education 
 and character of the North American is a new element in 
 the calculation. A large standing army may not with 
 such a people become the instrument of a despotism. 
 And as to the financial part of the question, you may 
 give the commercial world of Europe a new lesson on the 
 subject of currency, and show that a return to a metallic 
 currency is not necessary. But, I am wandering, I fear, 
 amongst subjects that must be tedious to you, tedious 
 at least to Mrs. Loomis, whom I forget I am also ad- 
 dressing. How is dear little Daisy ? Well, I will hope 
 and believe. It is odd that though fond of looking at 
 children and listening to them at a safe distance I 
 do not remember that any other little Daisy ever excited 
 in me the wish to have just such a lovable creature for 
 
MOTHER AND DAUGHTER. 317 
 
 one's own. I almost envy you that sweet possession. I 
 I am charged with I know not what kind messages 
 from Lucy I think I shall fail to express them, so must 
 leave you to put them into words. This is a very poor 
 substitute for her letter but let it help to keep us in 
 your memory. 
 
 [Postscript by L. C. S.] . . . Her death was sweet and 
 lovely as her life. I have a precious past, but happiness 
 must henceforth be I will not say less, but other than 
 it was. When we lose we women at least our par- 
 ents, our mother, the sense of youth departs. No count- 
 ing of my years, no looking-glass, made me realize how 
 far on in life I was while I was her " darling child." She 
 died in her perfection of nature, with nothing of age but 
 its toleration. 
 
 (From the Memoir.) 
 
 The summer of 1864 was memorable to us, as being 
 the first we spent at a house which became almost a 
 home ; I refer to Newton Place, in Borrowdale. It was a 
 house pleasantly planned, with large windows, and rooms 
 lofty in proportion to their size, a house into which 
 breeze and sunlight streamed in from the four quarters ; 
 with the lake and Skiddaw in front, on either side bold 
 wooded crags or soft grassy hills, and between us and the 
 latter green meadows, with a river gliding silently through. 
 It was a pleasant coincidence that this house had been 
 somewhat coveted by me eight years before, when my 
 mother and I occupied it for a few weeks ; and that Wil- 
 liam, calling upon some friends who tenanted it, had said 
 to himself that the drawing-room would make him a de- 
 lightful study. And now we shared it. We were able to 
 secure it for ourselves from April to December, and we 
 had rooms to which we could welcome friends. But I 
 will vary my chronicle of our outwardly unbroken life, by 
 
318 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 an extract from his manuscript book of the year, sug- 
 gested evidently by the quiet stream we so often watched 
 together : 
 
 THE RIVER. 
 
 Beauty here does not owe much to utility. Not many ob- 
 jects more beautiful or useful, but the beauty and utility seem 
 distinct. The river to a very thirsty man has lost its beauty ; 
 and the farmer, who thinks more intensely than any of us of 
 irrigation, sees very little of its charm of beauty. This lies in 
 its motion, in its light, in its endless variety, and that curve 
 which displays more of these, and suggests life and choice of 
 movement. 
 
 All beautiful things grow more beautiful by looking long at 
 them. There is a charm of novelty ; there is also the growing 
 charm of persistency and repetition ; the eye feeds. Indeed, 
 dwell on any object, and the sentiment it is calculated to in- 
 spire augments so long as attention is unfatigued. 
 
 This gnat upon the surface, it does not seem to me a life, 
 but a fragment of life a joy a motion, nothing more. 
 
 The river by its inundation obliterates itself; by overflow- 
 ing becomes mere marsh. I pray that my river here will keep 
 its bounds, and not strive to be a lake. 
 
 How endless are the charms of a river! It has ceaseless 
 motion, yet it suggests repose ; these blurred shadows of the 
 bank and trees are stationary, though the water is ever flowing. 
 Motion and shadow ; life and the dream of life ; and the 
 whence and the whither. 
 
 The moss just under the stream is kept moist by the water 
 and yet shines in the sun. How resplendent a green ! but 
 where I see nothing but the bare stones, I find the most fasci- 
 nating spectacle. There the river of light is flowing. On the 
 surface the water ripples, ripples in the light ; so light and 
 shadow course each other in mimic flow along the bottom of the 
 
MOTHER AND DAUGHTER. 319 
 
 stream. I watch that understream that is no stream, and think 
 of what thought may be. 
 
 This stick half in the water, crooked to the eye, I take it 
 out, it is straight. Delusion that the child detects, and that to 
 the man has become an additional knowledge by his explanation 
 of it. But the man himself, can he take himself out of the ele- 
 ment through which he sees himself ? 
 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Loomis. 
 
 NEWTON PLACE, KESWICK, May 22, 1864. 
 
 . . . Daisy's photograph is thought most charming by 
 all who do not know Daisy herself we consider that it 
 does her scant justice, though the little face looks very 
 sweet, too, when one frames it with the lovely curl, which 
 I have put with the vignette into a new album ; and all 
 who turn over the pages exclaim when they come to that 
 sweet, soft, exquisite hair. Thank you for sending it. 
 We are so interested in hearing of your work resumed 
 and of the pretty parsonage. You will not, I know, sus- 
 pect me of undervaluing your letter, but I tell you frankly 
 I shall never be satisfied till I get one from dear Mrs. 
 Loomis too. Did you not yourself tell me what charming 
 letters she wrote, and she has never sent me one word ! 
 You can't get a satisfactory view of the two lives which 
 are one unless you have it from the two pens, which are 
 sure to mention different features at all events to write 
 from a slightly different point of view. See, it is like the 
 stereoscope you have two pictures nearly but not quite 
 the same, and these blend into one that stands out with 
 a reality, a lifelikeness, that even the accuracy of pho- 
 tography cannot give to one view. When William writes 
 to his sisters in Australia, I always put in a little bit, feel- 
 ing sure that I shall tell something that would not other- 
 wise get told, and yet which is worth telling. I should 
 like to know much more about the house, about the furni- 
 ture a thousand things, in short; and I end where I 
 
320 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 began, I shall never rest till there comes a note from her 
 own dear self as well not instead, mind that but as 
 well. . . . May dear Mrs. Loomis long have her mother 
 spared to her. With regard to the restoration of that 
 love, the " eye of faith is dim " I think most peculiarly. 
 It was its sweet blindness, its tender unreason, its instinc- 
 tive fondness, its unjustified faith, it was all that, that 
 cannot be in a world of higher knowledge, that was 
 so intensely dear. But I am most thankful for the past, 
 and I delight to speak of my beloved parents, and to re- 
 call all their specialties, and to find myself saying some- 
 thing that they might have said, feeling their nature in 
 mine. 
 
 . . . About the end of November we went to Edin 
 burgh to pay a three weeks' visit to a very dear Roman 
 Catholic friend of ours [Mrs. Jones], at whose house we 
 met some very striking specimens of the Roman Catholic 
 clergy. All the Edinburgh friends were kind and affec- 
 tionate even beyond what I expected; there was not a 
 shadow of disappointment in the return amongst them, 
 and we left with every tie drawn somewhat closer than 
 before. . . . This house stands alone, has a nice little ap- 
 proach lined with firs, but has very little ground to tempt 
 one into the expense that a garden will bring. It is occu- 
 pied by nice country people, an excellent man who is 
 wrapped up in his wife, a sweet woman, with such mother- 
 love in her eyes ; any painter might be glad to have her 
 to help out his idea of the Madonna. She has several 
 children, but there is an under story in which they live, 
 and my dear student hears them very little. For me, I 
 like the notion of the family life down-stairs, far better 
 than of two maids who would be always upon my mind,, 
 either as dull or as seeking some dangerous delassement. 
 I want to be yearly tenants, to have our books, pictures, 
 etc., and to improve the aspect of some of the rooms by 
 other furniture. But we must wait and see how the au 
 
MOTHER AND DAUGHTER. 321 
 
 tumn rains and floods affect us in this wild Borrowdale 
 before we decide. . . . My dear one has just finished an 
 article on his friend Mr. Lewes's Aristotle, and he is now 
 busy with Victor Hugo's rhapsody of Shakespeare. I 
 don't touch upon politics, nor on books. I am busy with 
 my translation, and much writing leads to little reading. 
 In the winter I had a book of Mme. de Gasparin's, then 
 a story of Swiss life from the German, and now I have 
 two volumes of Vinet, one on religion, the other on philos- 
 ophy and literature. This is an interesting task. Here 
 we have each a room in which to sit and work, and then 
 he comes to challenge me to a walk over these delightful 
 hills (mossy, rocky, heathery), with views of mountains 
 now that my eye has recovered from Switzerland I call 
 them mountains again. 
 
 W. S. to Mr. Loomis. 
 
 KESWICK, May 23, 1864. 
 
 I don't know exactly what my dear wife has been writ- 
 ing, but I take it for granted she has told you all personal 
 news and of our whereabouts and the like. And no doubt 
 she has thanked you for the photograph of Daisy, and the 
 lock of brightest, softest hair that accompanied it. But 
 as I take half those to myself, and am especially jealous 
 of the hair, I must repeat my own thanks. I have to 
 thank you too for a graver kindness, though not a more 
 pleasing one the numbers of the " New Englander " 
 that contained the reviews of " Thorndale " and " Graven- 
 hurst." 1 That the reviewer should have objections to 
 make, and his own points of view to put forth, is always 
 expected, but I did not expect so kind and generous a 
 measure of praise, and coming across the water it was to 
 me peculiarly grateful. I hope by and by when my hands 
 are free from work for the periodical press to put out 
 some philosophical papers, chiefly on certain metaphysical 
 1 By Professor Noah Porter. 
 
322 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 problems, on which I wish to say a word, though certainly 
 to very little purpose. I read with interest the extract 
 you sent me from one of your sermons, and liked the tone 
 of it very much. It was extremely pleasant to hear that 
 you were settled, for some time at least, in a parish, and 
 to read the account of your housing and furnishing your- 
 selves. We still dream from time to time of settling 
 down in some cottage of our own, but I sometimes doubt 
 whether the dream will ever be realized. We like our 
 mountains too much to settle in the plains, and yet the 
 region of our lakes and mountains is so visited by rains 
 that it hardly seems wise to remain in it for the winter. 
 From the first of May to the end of October is generally 
 our time for the Lakes, and perhaps quite enough. 
 
 I read with unabated interest all accounts from your 
 country. What a power has democracy put forth ! I 
 watch with as much anxiety for the issue of this tremen- 
 dous conflict as when the war first broke out. It is in vain 
 that Poland and Denmark cross my path and would carry 
 off my attention. I never had any faith in Poland, and 
 Denmark will do very well without the Duchies, or such 
 part of them as are German and not Danish. But with 
 you new nations are in the making, and perhaps forms of 
 government are being decided on for centuries. I hope 
 you do not personally suffer from the state of your cur- 
 rency. I suppose that where a nominal sum had been 
 fixed for the support of a church at the time when pay- 
 ments were made in gold, there is always now an advance 
 in the nominal sum to make up for the depreciation in the 
 currency. Does it not seem at present that of the two 
 objects of the war the abolition of slavery is the one most 
 likely to be accomplished ? . . . I was glad to hear that 
 amongst the furniture of the new parsonage there was so 
 good a piano. I envy you the privilege of sitting over 
 your desk and hearing the sonatas of Beethoven. We, 
 alas, often say that we have not a single accomplishment 
 
MOTHER AND DAUGHTER. 323 
 
 between us. I think if we settled I would invest the price 
 of a piano in a multitude of musical boxes, and by a tem- 
 perate and judicious use of them, and changing them not 
 too often, we might make them last a long time. 
 
 To Miss Mary Wrench. 
 
 NEWTON PLACE, October 6, 1864. 
 
 . . . Ah, how harsh and common a nature that is 
 too common indeed that chafes at any great love borne 
 by any for any husband, child, friend, dog. How sel- 
 dom it is that an intense affection fails to raise up enmity 
 against both lover and loved. But it is an ugly trait. We 
 should be ready to lend ourselves to all genuine enthusi- 
 asm, to be glad any has the solace of unqualifiedly admir- 
 ing where their hearts are fixed, and to believe in the good 
 they see. But always it is an offence to uncultivated 
 natures that any one should have an intense feeling, they 
 
 for their part having none. Miss 's face took on a 
 
 quite wicked look in saying how much her lodgers made 
 of the dog. Well, dear, I have run on long upon this, 
 but I have been led in this direction of thought more par- 
 ticularly by the praises of a doting sister for a moment 
 there rose in my mind just that hideous antagonism which 
 prompts the feeling that the one so praised is overrated. 
 It is nothing but one's own vanity and self-love, which 
 would fill creation if it might. Indeed, it did not last 
 more than a moment before I saw what it was, but many 
 encourage it under the idea that it is their sense of justice 
 which is offended. 
 
CHAPTER XXIL 
 
 ABROAD AND AT HOME. 
 
 (From the Memoir.) 
 
 THE winter of 1864-65 was outwardly more varied than 
 was usual with us. It included a stay of two months at 
 Llandudno, in North Wales, a short visit to Bath, where 
 my husband had an old and intimate friend and correspond- 
 ent, and several weeks at Brighton ; and then, after a fort- 
 night in London, we set out early in May for Switzerland, 
 and saw Lucerne and enchanting Engelberg in their fresh 
 beauty, and had pensions to ourselves. Our other happy 
 resting-places were Grindelwald, Unterseen, Champe*ry, 
 Bex, La Comballaz. One week too was given to Chamou- 
 nix, for which William had an especial affection. His deep- 
 est impressions of sublimity had been received there twenty 
 years before and renewed in 1862 ; his constant nature 
 preferred revisiting it to exploring new scenes. Never 
 shall I forget his lying on the ground on our return from 
 the Chapeau one glorious August day, gazing long and 
 silently, absorbed in wonder and worship, at what he had 
 called " the sculpture of landscape," " the great hills 
 built up, from their green base to their snowy summits, 
 with rock, and glacier, and pine forests," " leading be- 
 yond this earth." Then suddenly starting from his trance 
 of rapture he said, " Now I don't want to see that again ! " 
 He had indeed seen it this last time in fullest perfection. 
 
 We spent five months in Switzerland. They were 
 fraught with delight ; and yet there were days days of 
 reaction after vivid enjoyment when I could plainly see 
 
ABROAD AND AT HOME. 325 
 
 that my husband missed the steady occupation, the studi- 
 ous routine, of our English summers. Had his life been 
 prolonged, I do not think we should ever have become 
 tourists again. During the ensuing years, remembering 
 his own delight in Italy, and kindly anxious to give me 
 every possible pleasure, he would often ask me whether I 
 really wished very much to go there ; because, if so, the 
 effort would be made. But I had always a doubt as to 
 such a journey being the best thing for him. I dared not 
 wish it. 
 
 I will transcribe a few of the " Scraps of Verse from a 
 Tourist's Note-book," which were written during our sec- 
 ond Swiss summer, and published in the magazine : 
 
 The lightest, brightest cloud that floats 
 
 In the azure can but throw 
 Some kind of shadow, dark or faint. 
 
 On whatever lies below. 
 
 For me, thank God ! although I lowly lie, 
 I lie where earth looks straightway to the sky ; 
 On me, remote alike from king and clown, 
 No fellow-atom flings his shadow down. 
 
 No shadow ? none ? Think, look again I 
 An hour ago that huge and rocky hill 
 
 Stood bare, unsightly ; all in vain 
 Did mid-day light each rent and chasm fill. 
 It waited for the cloud. The shadow came, 
 Rested or moved upon its brow 
 And, lo ! it softens into beauty now 
 Blooms like a flower. With us 't is much the same, 
 From man to man as the deep shadows roll, 
 Breaks forth the beauty of the human soul. 
 
 High rise the mountains, higher rise 
 The clouds ; the mimic mountain still, 
 The cloud, the cloud, say what we will, 
 
 Keeps full possession of our skies. 
 Let cloud be cloud, my friend ; we know the wind 
 
 Shapes and re-shapes, and floats the glory on ; 
 
326 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 Glory or gloom it floats, but leaves behind 
 
 The stable mountain, open to the sun. 
 Let cloud be cloud unreal as the space 
 
 It traverses ; earth can be earth, yet rise 
 Into the region of God's dwelling-place, 
 
 If light and love are what we call his skies. 
 
 The stream flows on, it wearies never, 
 
 Whilst I, who do but watch its flow, 
 I weary oft. ' Ah, not forever ! 
 
 Soon other eyes ' I know, I know, 
 I too repeat my * Not forever,' 
 
 And waking to that thought I start, 
 
 And find my weariness depart. 
 
 I pluck the flower, one moment to behold 
 Its treasury of purple and of gold ; 
 The blossom, and a nest of buds around, 
 Ruthless I pluck, and fling them on the ground 
 
 Plucked because fair, then flung to death away ! 
 I might have stooped and looked, and had a blameless joy. 
 Nature's great prodigality, you say 
 
 E'en for man's wantonness provides. 
 
 It may be so, but still with me abides 
 
 A sense of shame that I could so destroy. 
 
 The stream to the tree I shine, you shade, 
 And so the beauty of the world is made. 
 
 Our second Swiss tour, like our first, was succeeded by 
 several months of exclusively tete-a-tete life at Weston- 
 super-Mare, and I was soon happily convinced that the 
 spell of the desk had in no way been weakened by our 
 wanderings. William wrote a long " Review of J. S. 
 Mill's Examination of Sir William Hamilton's Philoso- 
 phy," confining himself chiefly to that " central position 
 in which the great question is discussed of the nature and 
 origin of our knowledge of the external world." To those 
 who know his writings it is needless to indicate the side 
 he took in the controversy. He u selected to be totally 
 wrong" (according to Mr. Mill) "with Sir William 
 
ABROAD AND AT HOME. 327 
 
 Hamilton, rather than exchange our real world of matter 
 and motion, of substance and force, for permanent possi- 
 bilities of sensation attached to nothing at all for mere 
 thoughts of sensations, a dreary and bewildering ideal- 
 ism." My husband's mind was at this time constantly en- 
 gaged with the problems the book in question treats of ; 
 but a remark he made with regard to Sir W. Hamilton 
 " He loved thinking over the book better than thinking 
 over the pen " was just then applicable to himself. The 
 manuscript book grew full, but during our stay at Wes- 
 ton-super-Mare nothing else was written. 
 
 To Miss Mary Wrench. 
 
 BRISTOL, Feb. 9, 1865. 
 . . . There is a good deal here of the comfort of wealth, 
 
 and Mr. G lives within his means, so that altogether 
 
 it seems a happy home. We shall not stay long enough 
 to get demoralized by the perfection of a tapestried bed- 
 room, and a bed which it is a regret to get out of, and very 
 good eating. We both feel that nothing equals our own 
 life, but I think one might soon get into a habit of mind 
 and body which would make lodgings seem dingy things. 
 But then the joy of being together immeasurably out- 
 weighs all mere comforts, and here I see nothing of Wil- 
 liam, the gentlemen sit so long after dinner, and in the 
 morning are much in the drawing-room. No rich peo- 
 ple can be to each other quite all we are, because of the 
 different rooms and the guests and the ways altogether ; 
 and oh, how from my heart of hearts I thank Heaven that 
 my lot has fallen just how and where it has ! I brought 
 all my smartness here in a bonnet-box, and assure you 
 that my moire and mantilla, etc., make me quite as smart 
 as beseems my years. That dear Lloyd made my old 
 point up into a lovely fall, and I consider that I keep up 
 appearances wonderfully when one thinks that all my 
 stores are comprised within the limits of a bonnet-box. 
 
328 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 I am amused with the things that get said now and then, 
 
 showing that Mr. G evidently does not guess me so 
 
 far on in the fifth decade, or I suspect in it at all ! The 
 young girls have sharper eyes, no doubt. 
 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Loomis. 
 
 BRIGHTON, March 18, 1865. 
 
 When your charming letters came to us, they gave us 
 quite a glow of sympathetic delight, and now I have just 
 been re-reading them and renewing the impression. Never 
 did any two lives or rather one life, that is the beauty 
 of it strike me as being more complete, healthy, and 
 every way delicious. We warmly congratulate you on the 
 safe and happy arrival of the little Kuth we find it dif- 
 ficult to believe that she can ever be quite so bewitching as 
 little Daisy, our ideal of sweet childhood, but we admit 
 that the description of her is a most attractive one. And 
 how entirely, too, we enter into the delights of the home, 
 with the garden to work in and watch. I don't know that 
 there is any surer receipt for permanent cheerfulness than 
 the interests and even the anxieties connected with what 
 one has sown, or transplanted, or pruned, or trained. Then 
 in addition to all, or rather as foundation to all, as that to 
 which all other things are added, there is your work, your 
 consciousness of being of use ! Yes, indeed, it does one's 
 heart good to think of you both. . . . How kind of you 
 to send me not only the photograph of Holmes but that 
 of Emerson. They both gave great pleasure, for I sent 
 the one of Holmes to an acquaintance who had long 
 wished for it, admiring his writings as she seldom admires 
 anything, and Emerson's I gave to a beloved Scotch friend 
 of mine, a Mrs. Stirling, who saw a great deal of him 
 when he was in Edinburgh some fifteen years ago, and 
 who felt particularly interested in tracing the resemblance 
 and the difference between his face now and then. . . . 
 For the last fortnight we have been in this glaring, star- 
 
ABROAD AND AT HOME. 329 
 
 ing Babylon that I never can like but then place is of 
 very little consequence to me so only William be well. 
 Indeed he has been very well, thank God has not had a 
 cold all through this unusually severe winter, and I think 
 I give a false impression of him by my tone about him in 
 this particular, for he never alludes to health and never 
 complains. Only I always feel that he is fragile, and 
 strangers in general by way of a pleasant opening remark 
 observe to me that he looks delicate ! ! We have bright- 
 looking, cheery rooms. Beside William's desk (he is out 
 just now) lies " The Secret of Hegel," which he is reading 
 with interest evidently, for the book is often dropped and 
 the dark eyes are fixed and see nothing in the room. Oh, 
 God grant that we may know the truth ! I have just been 
 reading a novel which has made a deep impression upon 
 my mind ; the writer seems so penetrated with the love of 
 God, raised into a region where all fear is cast out by per- 
 fect trust. I hope the author has not written thus " from 
 without," merely as the artist ; I do not think he can, or 
 it would not thus have gone to the heart of another. 
 There is a good deal about mesmerism, etc., which to me 
 was unintelligible, or which I did not try to understand, 
 but the book has, I think, passages of great beauty. It is 
 "David Elginbrod," by George Macdonald. William 
 was writing a great deal this summer, but nothing was 
 completed, or nearly so only thinking out. He dashed 
 off too some articles for " Blackwood," on Lewes's " Aris- 
 totle," and Max Miiller's second volume, and I think a 
 very pleasant paper on Victor Hugo's " Shakespeare," 
 and one in this March number on Blake, the half-crazy 
 artist, who was a grand creature too, in some ways, espe- 
 cially in his successful way of grasping the nettle, poverty. 
 Victor Hugo I feel more enthusiastic about than ever, now 
 that I know the active benevolence of his life. He de- 
 votes himself to the rescue of forty of the poorest children 
 near him in Guernsey. Some French physiologist having 
 
330 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 established the fact that a good dinner once a month will 
 tell most favorably upon children habitually under-fed, he 
 gives these forty little ones an excellent dinner and a glass 
 of good wine once a fortnight ; and they are waited on by 
 Mme. Hugo and her daughter (a daughter-in-law), their 
 going to school is insisted upon, and on Christmas day 
 they were all gathered to a cha,rmmg fete, from which they 
 went away laden with toys as well as good clothing, etc. ; 
 for he seems determined to brighten their lot with all 
 childhood's innocent pleasures as well as to provide for 
 their necessities. It is charming to know that practice 
 keeps pace with theory in this glowing advocate of all the 
 world's " Miserdbles" 
 
 (Postscript by W. S.) How interested we both were 
 in the perusal of your letter I cannot say ; and though I 
 valued highly the few intimations you gave us of the state 
 of political opinion in your country, I valued still more 
 highly your account of the home and of the daily life. 
 How delightful the intermixture seemed to me of the gar- 
 den and the family with the study and the sermon-writing. 
 We also passed a most fortunate summer in 1864. The 
 weather, for our climate, was remarkably fine, and we had 
 secured a small house in the most beautiful part of our 
 Lake district. (Generally we are compelled to be content 
 with a lodging.) I used often to say, This is ideal, this 
 is our climax, and as plants that have once blossomed 
 commence thereafter to wither and decay, we must expect 
 (may it be slowly !) to descend henceforth from our palmy 
 state. Not that the outside world would see anything 
 marvellous in our position, but we were both well, both 
 occupied, we had a paradise to walk out in, and were not 
 without friends for short intervals to visit us. But 
 the elements of our content were not so numerous as 
 yours, and you, with Daisy and Alice about you, would 
 have thought our home had a very great blank. This 
 summer we think of Switzerland, but the grander scenery 
 
ABROAD AND AT HOME. 331 
 
 (except that it stores the memory) is dearly purchased by 
 the worry, the idleness, the dissipation of mind that at- 
 tends on travelling. But my Lucy will have told you all 
 there is to tell, whether of our past or future only I 
 could not but add a word. 
 
 We here if I may judge of others by myself do 
 not abate the least in the intense interest we take in your 
 great civil war. The interest indeed increases, for it 
 seems as if this next summer would see the battle fought 
 out the North triumphant and slavery extinguished. 
 And then, if peace and union are again established, what 
 a note of congratulation there will be. Pray Heaven that 
 North and South will not celebrate and cement their union 
 by a war with England or France I I do not fear it my- 
 self but I have been always and long ago persuaded 
 that it would be for the benefit both of Canada and Eng- 
 land that the tie between them should be severed. We 
 cannot defend Canada, but our connection with it may be 
 the very cause that brings war down upon it. It is 
 plainly for the interest of Canada to be separate, and I 
 am sure it is for the interest of England. It is only 
 pride that stands in the way. Do not let it be long be- 
 fore we hear from you again. I wish I could send you in 
 return something worth sending. Give my sincere re- 
 membrances to Mrs. Loomis, and a kiss to Daisy. 
 
 To Miss Mary Wrench. 
 
 HOTEL BEAU-SITE, 
 UNTERSEEN, SWITZERLAND, Sept. 21, 1865. 
 
 ... I often think it is wonderful how far a small in- 
 come may go in Switzerland, but then I should not like 
 expatriation, and begin to feel that a cosy English lodg- 
 ing, with a fire and the " Times," will be charming for 
 winter. But take the case of a single woman, with 80 
 or 90 pounds a year. In England she must have small 
 rooms and simple meals. But here for instance is a 
 
332 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 charming bed-room with a matchless view I must tell 
 you what I see the first thing from my pillow. First, the 
 picturesque rough roof of an old chalet ; behind it a yel- 
 low tree backed by a freshly green clump ; then a wooded 
 hill bright with autumn tints ; then a fir-covered one, blue 
 in the distance ; then a grand, boldly shaped mountain, 
 down which the sun paints streaks of gold upon the greens 
 and purples ; then over all the whole of the Jungfrau 
 supreme, solemn, coldly white, majestic, calm waiting 
 for the sun to change her into a soft aerial loveliness, and 
 to light up the Silberhorn into dazzling brightness. All 
 this view I see without rising from the best of spring- 
 beds ! Then to go on with the comforts to be had here 
 for five francs a day one's good breakfast of coft'ee, 
 rolls, and honey, at any hour one likes (we are hardly 
 ever later than eight) ; dinner at two or at six, at will, 
 and tea ; a pretty new salon full of lamps and luxurious 
 sofas, with a piano and all this for about 75 pounds a 
 year ! And there are much cheaper pensions in the 
 neighborhood of Geneva. I often amuse myself with 
 planning Swiss tours for you three wonderful walkers, 
 and I dare say you will accomplish one before long. 
 Meantime nothing can be more charming than Arran, 
 and all that purple pomp of heather that makes Scotland 
 so beautiful in autumn. I must tell you that Comballaz 
 turned out almost the most charming place we had been 
 at. The inn stands alone, there is no village near, only 
 chalets dotted about in all directions. We looked out 
 upon a hay-field the second hay harvest was perfuming 
 the air during the fortnight we spent there sloping 
 steeply down to a fir-lined ravine through which ran a 
 merry little brook. The fir woods are the finest we have 
 seen, but it is the walks that are so enchanting not road 
 walks, but green paths through fields and woods in every 
 direction. 1 gave myself up to the enjoyment of the lovely 
 spot I did nothing never put pen to paper. We had 
 
ABROAD AND AT HOME. 333 
 
 an exquisite moon while there, and were really out morn- 
 ing, noon, and night. On the fourth, the most glorious of 
 days, we set off early, I on a nice horse, William walking, 
 to the Dent de Champre", the mountain that rises just op- 
 posite Comballaz. The way thither through a steep wood 
 was very charming, and we came in about two hours and 
 a half to the loveliest of little lakes, with water clear and 
 blue as that of the Lake of Geneva only one very low, 
 long chalet, half -sunk in monk's-hood and fern, with rocks 
 all around throwing their shadows upon the calm surface. 
 There we left the horse, and I took to my feet, and in 
 about an hour or so we were at the summit, and the view 
 took away my breath. The Dent de Champre is very 
 steep on that side, and as we lay on the grass top it 
 shelved away rapidly from beneath us, so that we had for 
 foreground the Dent de in the next valley, a moun- 
 tain purple and gold with heath and faded fern, with fir 
 forests at its base. Then for the next distance the Dent 
 du Midi, facing the Dent de Morcles, very grand in them- 
 selves, and looking quite their 9 and 10,000 feet, but having 
 a clear space between them for Mont Blanc, who towered, 
 soared, one pure crystal, into a soft blue sky, with light 
 streaky white clouds above, but not one dimmed the perfect 
 outline. How vast, how immensely high, the monarch 
 of mountains looked, it is vain to try to tell. There 
 were other beautiful things, the whole Rhone valley, 
 the Lake of Geneva, the glittering summit of Monte Rosa, 
 and hints of the Oberland but Mont Blanc filled our 
 souls. We both felt that we had never seen a more per- 
 fect, if so perfect a picture. We were out about eight 
 hours, William walking the whole way without any fa- 
 tigue, which makes me so happy ! . . . The whole party 
 at Comballaz was English, but we were as usual unso- 
 ciable. I often think many might like to know the author 
 of " Thorndale " but how discover him in that quiet, 
 silent man, in the very shabbiest coat that ever was seen ! 
 
334 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 You may fancy what we have got to in the way of shab- 
 biness my hat for instance worn constantly for four 
 months, for I brought no bonnet. . . . The next evening 
 at our first sight of the Jungf rau, having that vision of 
 Mont Blanc in our mind's eye, we pronounced her small, 
 and thought we had been foolish to leave sweet La Com- 
 ballaz. However, there I could not sit in-doors; while 
 here for the first week I worked away steadily at a trans- 
 lation Mr. Strahan wishes for the beginning of Novem- 
 ber. I walked alone on the 15th, with precious, precious 
 mother in my heart, as God knows she is always. She 
 would have been eighty. . . . The last week we had three 
 charming excursions, alternating with my days of trans- 
 lation. Yesterday's was as pleasant a one as we have 
 had. We set off at half past eight in a nice little ein- 
 spanner to Grindelwald. The beauty of that drive is 
 unspeakable as an approach to Grindelwald it exceeds 
 the Wengern Alp. We spent two hours or more prowl- 
 ing about the lower glacier, and sitting about. As we 
 came back, the old man with the marmot waylaid us 
 but it was not the old marmot, but a beautiful young one, 
 a creature for which I was quite distracted with admiring 
 fondness. The poor old man, however, mourns his old 
 friend, who he said " entendait la langue franqaise" and 
 had been with him ten years. Poor old man he broke 
 his arm, went to a hospice, and while he was there " they 
 let the poor beast die." Fancy what a pang on his re- 
 turn! I wish dear Richard could have seen this sleek 
 darling sit up and eat a bit of roll that we gave it, with 
 hands like an immense squirrel. I kissed its tail while 
 so engaged how muffly it was ! but its temper was 
 allowed to be uncertain, not like " ma vielle bete.''' The 
 poor old man blessed us for a half franc in a most touch- 
 ing way. How charming to have been rich enough to 
 surprise him with a five-franc piece instead of a trumpery 
 fifty centimes ! I could be, I may say, wrapped up in 
 a marmot ! 
 
ABROAD AND AT HOME. 335 
 
 To Mrs. Cotton. 
 
 CHAMPEBY, 1865. 
 
 In short, every one went off, and at last we were the 
 only left, we and a Dutch family a widowed sister and 
 two young girls, and an excellent and (I thought) delight- 
 ful brother, a Mr. Van de W ; a missionary spirit, 
 
 intent on doing good the highest good if possible, but 
 the very least also. A man more kindly and helpful, as 
 well as earnest and spiritual, I have not seen. Whether 
 you shared his views or not, you must respect and love 
 him. The sister was a good woman too. The brother 
 had no egotism. His motto might have been " Not I, 
 but " one far higher. I don't know why I tell you of 
 them, except that we made so few acquaintances. We 
 are not people who get on in pensions shy, silent, rather 
 shabby-looking. I often thought to myself that many a 
 one might have liked a chat with William if they had 
 known how rich a mind was within their reach ; but what 
 people see is charm and geniality of manner that de- 
 lectable " confidence to please " which is a fairy gift, and 
 that fairy was at neither of our cradles. 
 
 [From Bex.] This time there happened to be a charm- 
 ing Genevese there, Rodolph Key, who will be better 
 known I am sure by and by (if he lives a little longer) 
 as a writer of history and a wonderfully clear thinker. 
 He seemed intimate with most of the first intellects of 
 France, and he was just the sort of man to get intimate 
 with. I am sure people love him. In character of mind 
 as well as way of thought he seemed to me very like my 
 own dear one, and like him he was very playful, simple, 
 and childlike ; but he was easier to become acquainted 
 with, in that he would talk of himself not the least 
 egotistically, but openly and readily, whereas William 
 shuns himself and his own writings irresistibly. They 
 were both sorry they could not get further over the bar- 
 
336 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 rier of a foreign language. I don't know when I have 
 seen so charming a being as this M. Rey with a great 
 deal of the " beauty of ugliness " which is by no means 
 limited to Skye terriers ! He offered to give us his book 
 of the Renaissance Politique of Italy, where he has lived 
 a good deal, and I said No, because I thought we were 
 going on to Vevay where it could be got ; and we did not 
 go, and I've regretted the lost chance ever since. His 
 next work is to be on the Social Conditions of France, and 
 if I could translate it, what pleasant work it would be. 
 
 To Mrs. Cotton. 
 
 Girlhood is not a happy time, I am quite sure of it, 
 though it 's so happy-looking. If we could put old heads 
 on young shoulders, and look as we used, and feel as we 
 do I think that would be quite the prime of life. In- 
 deed, in all respects but just to look at I consider that 
 middle age is the prime of life. . . I Ve been busy, and 
 still am, correcting the proofs of two interesting volumes 
 of Vinet's that I 've translated. Ah, my darling, you in 
 your generous affection, that gilds its objects always as 
 the light and warmth of fine natures will you thought I 
 might write something original, and you have, I know, felt 
 a little disappointed in me. But though I have not power, 
 I have not ambition either, and so am quite content, and 
 so thankful to have this pleasant and paying occupation. 
 I 've something to do for this summer, and my penny-a-lin- 
 ing is a great joy to me, but dreadfully against letter-writ- 
 ing. William is always occupied and always cheerful, and 
 is recreating himself with a large book on Hegelian philo- 
 sophy, not one sentence of which appears to me intelligible. 
 
 To Mrs. Cotton. 
 
 UNTERSEEN, 1865. 
 
 I found quantities of letters joy and sorrow the 
 shot silk of life. Oh, my darling, how much the world is 
 
ABROAD AND AT HOME. 337 
 
 changed to me since I was in Switzerland last. My par- 
 ents, my Blanche, and sweet Fanny ! My dear husband, 
 however, is my world, but the mother's love lit up that 
 world with her sweet sympathy. I am still very happy, 
 but I have learned to tremble. I had lived so long with- 
 out losing. [Speaking of a girl who had lost her mother :] 
 But it 's only a mother who approves one not only through 
 but for everything or, if she could wish any change, 
 any increase here or abatement there, still " covers our 
 faults with her kisses, and loves us the same." All other 
 affection is too wise, too clear-sighted, too impartial. In 
 short, a girl with or without a mother seems to me to be 
 placed in two quite different positions each having ad- 
 vantages no doubt, but the transition out of the former 
 into the latter is like a new birth, or a dying out of one 
 world into another, where all trials and disappointments 
 and mortifications come closer, and require an armor of the 
 soul that it does not consciously need with the shield of 
 the mother's partiality to ward them off. . . We are all 
 different in the amount and the quality of the sympathy 
 we require. Some stand alone quite contentedly in joy 
 or trial. Others want to call together their friends and 
 neighbors when " the piece of silver is found." "Rejoice 
 with me ! " is their cry. Others, like Irish mourners, al- 
 ways invite their circle of intimates to howl with them at 
 a wake of some dead hope or possession. I myself am 
 terribly prone to wax egotistical about my happiness 
 my silver piece, found when I looked not for any terri- 
 bly liable to dilate upon its value and all its peculiarities. 
 That 's my snare ! 
 
 To Miss Mary Wrench. 
 
 1 BEAUFORT VILLAS, 
 WESTON-SUPER-MARE, December 1, 1865. 
 
 . . . When William is well [he had a feverish cold] 
 the proposed month in Edinburgh seems delightful, and I 
 
338 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 think it would be good and pleasant too for him to meet 
 clever men. It seems hard to shut up a mind like his 
 with only a woman to reflect its brightness and its depths. 
 He had such a nice note from Mr. Mill the other day 
 does my child know whom I mean ? J. S. Mill who 
 had sent William his book. They used to know each 
 other very well many years ago, and to meet at a de- 
 bating club. Curiously, William had told me he made 
 nothing of speaking at it, and I had believed him, and 
 Mr. Mill in this note refers to his speeches as " some of 
 the best ever delivered there." ... I respect him quite 
 as much as I love him, and oh, I love him fearfully / . . . 
 I am as well as a woman can be who has got so far down 
 life's hill. But indeed were there no looking-glasses, and 
 were my own darling mother alive, I should not feel 
 older than twenty years ago. . . . Last Wednesday week 
 I finished my German story, and thought I should have 
 no more, but on Saturday Mr. Strahan asked me to take 
 up Eugenie de Guerin's Letters. As Christmas draws on, 
 I shall be excited about my cheque. How thankful I am 
 for this occupation, and how pleased I shall be if the 
 cheque exceeds my estimate. I always feel this cruse of 
 oil of translation cannot flow on much longer, but I thor- 
 oughly appreciate it while it lasts. . . . Write and tell 
 me all about the wardrobe. How does it stand just now ? 
 Do you like these silk reps I see everywhere? I am so 
 fond of dresses and cloaks of the same, whatever it be. I 
 had thought of having a new black silk this winter, but 
 have given up the notion, and got my dear Blanche's done 
 up I grudge expense on my own dress very much. I 
 like to hear all about your attire. What are the bonnets 
 to be ? I think little blue velvets would be very pretty, 
 with quiet dove-like dresses and cloaks. . . . Good-by, 
 child of my affections ! 
 
CHAPTER XXIII. 
 
 AMONG FKIENDS. 
 
 (From the Memoir.) 
 
 WE left Weston-super-Mare with tender regret, as we 
 always did any place where we had been quite alone 
 left it for an interval of social life in Edinburgh and in 
 the February of 1866 found ourselves once more at New- 
 ton Place. During the eleven months that we spent there 
 we had very frequent guests dear young nieces, dear 
 old friends of mine originally, but now of his, for he 
 adopted them heartily, and not any of them, I know well, 
 have forgotten or will forget the simple cordiality of his 
 welcome. It is true that the prospect of any interruption 
 to our duality was sometimes perturbing to the student, 
 who loved his regular work and his habitual ways ; true 
 that when those even we best loved left and we returned 
 to each other, I heard the words that above all words 
 made my heart leap with joy : " Now I have my ideal of 
 life." But none came to us who were not friends indeed ; 
 we had no surface acquaintance, no conventional sociality, 
 and at the close of every visit we received we found our- 
 selves enriched by pleasant memories and enlarged in- 
 terests. Early in 1867 we made our winter flight to 
 Brighton. 
 
 To Miss Mary Wrench. 
 
 NEWTON PLACE, KESWICK, February 22, 1866. 
 I do not like to leave your letter unanswered, or you 
 will not accredit me with the interest I really took in it. 
 I could wish the ball to have been less grotesque, because 
 
340 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 the laughter at people is not so good for us as the laugh- 
 ter with them but you are not satirical, and satire even 
 where it exists is one of the faults we outlive. I ain sure 
 
 was much admired, and I like her to have had this 
 
 taste of gayety, so natural and therefore so healthy to 
 youth. I for my part immensely appreciated my taste of 
 society never cared for it so much perhaps was never 
 so well fitted to enjoy it as now, when all shyness is over, 
 and from the habit of living with a mind of William's 
 stamp, I feel more able to cope with minds in general. 
 How loving and dear all our friends were wonderfully 
 so ! Darling Mrs. Jones's hospitality was beyond telling. 
 Mrs. Stirling, Mrs. Lorimer, Mrs. Blackie, were all so 
 much more affectionate than I could have expected. 
 And then my young friends Fanny and Augusta were so 
 dear that sweet Augusta's affection I take as a great 
 compliment. Then, the pleasant new acquaintances we 
 made, and the nice way they all had of wishing we were 
 going to live in Edinburgh! Altogether I don't know 
 that I ever had a more pleasant social experience, and I 
 am very fond of society. My light and black moires 
 quite set me up in the way of evening dress, so I had 
 nothing to get, and felt nicely dressed which even at 
 my time of life is satisfactory, how much more so at 
 yours, my darling ! We dined out five times at Mr. 
 Blackwood's, Mr. Lorimer's, Mrs. Stirling's, the Smiths', 
 and the Constables', and went in the evening to the 
 Blackies', twice to the Simons', to Miss S. Grahame's, and 
 to Mrs. Ferrier's. . . . Sweet Mrs. L is quite an an- 
 gel. Her fearful illness seems to have exalted, sublimed 
 her. The children are all delightful. Spite of her very 
 delicate health she teaches them daily, is their only teacher, 
 and finds time for all her duties. In short, she has made 
 
 the deepest impression on me. Dear Mrs. B too is in 
 
 very delicate health. I called three or four times and 
 had nice long chats with her. I took the dear little Lor- 
 
AMONG FRIENDS. 341 
 
 imers one day to see a diorama, and saw terrible carica- 
 tures of some of our beloved Swiss mountains. Then we 
 went to two concerts ; at one heard Grisi and Mario (oh, 
 how I cried with enjoyment), and at the other, for which 
 Mr. R. Smith sent us tickets, heard Titiens and Joachim. 
 In short, the month was one of unalloyed enjoyment, and 
 my visit to your dear aunt will always be a happy mem- 
 ory. . . . Mrs. is a most saintly woman, and narrow 
 
 as her Calvinism seems to me, yet hers is a faith that 
 "leads harmonious days." One of our Edinburgh de- 
 lights was William being admirably photographed by the 
 most artistic photographer I have ever come across, a 
 Mr. Rejlander who was staying with the Constables for a 
 fortnight, and doing lovely things of that lovely family. 
 William's head is a great success. 'T is a large photo 
 so thoughtful and really good looking. All others have 
 been such caricatures of him. His beard makes him if 
 anything better looking, though I love and miss the dear 
 large mouth and well-formed chin. . . . The cold when 
 we got here on Saturday was intense, but we have con- 
 quered it by roaring fires, and, thank God, William has 
 not taken cold. Yesterday was the most glorious of days 
 snow on the mountains and a cloudless sky, and the 
 lake mirroring both. 
 
 KESWICK, October 17, 1866. 
 
 This will, I hope, reach you on the morning of your 
 birthday, and tell you how lovingly I think of you, and 
 warmly hope (and believe) that there are many, many 
 birthdays in store for you, bright, beautiful, complete ; 
 compared to this birthday (though this is happy) as the 
 full-blown fragrance of the flower to the hard green bud, 
 or the " purple light of noon " to the first faint flush in 
 the east. This I look for and over and beyond this a 
 growth of all that is best and highest in you, an approach 
 to your ideal, which is, I am sure, something more than 
 personal satisfaction, even of the sweetest sort. May you 
 
342 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 be a comfort and help and strength to others, my darling 
 I think you will, ever more and more. I do so like to 
 picture you with your dear Aunt Matilda, writing for her, 
 reading to her, and gaining from her " wonderful bright- 
 ness and cheerfulness " increased confidence in that Infin- 
 ite Mercy that has appointed compensations for all except 
 for the misery of our own foolish, grasping desires and 
 taught us by that very misery to seek to surrender them. 
 Your long letter was very welcome and very pleasant, and 
 it was dear of you to find time to write it to me. This 
 birthday letter, which is all I have to send, shall be a 
 long one in return. I feel my thumb a little sensitive, 
 and therefore hold my pen loosely, which makes my writ- 
 ing very niggling, but I know it will not perplex you. 
 I have been much more free from that radiating sense of 
 cold, and indeed very well, though I hold that no one 
 is free from some uneasy sensation or other for long 
 together. 
 
 ... I never saw any one so brightened as Miss . 
 
 Her whole appearance is changed. I feel sure there must 
 be some new light risen on her horizon there is a joy 
 all % over and through her a wonderful change. Poor 
 
 Mr. is here, and we met him twice. I could but 
 
 wring his hand and rush away. " Love knows the secret 
 of grief" positively it shatters me to meet one of these 
 half lives, divided personalities. I have asked your 
 mamma to send " Macmillan " to your aunt Matilda, 
 thinking she might like to throw her eye over Annie 
 Clough's plan for improving female education. To-day 
 Annie tells me she sees an opening in Liverpool I shall 
 be anxious to hear more. Mrs. Clough has written such 
 a sweet letter to William, asking him to review her hus- 
 band's Memoir and Poems I hope he will. Yesterday, 
 after an interval of about ten months, Mr. Strahan's hand 
 reappeared I was glad to see it. He sent me the sheets 
 of an unpublished book, to make a paper out of it on the 
 
AMONG FRIENDS. 343 
 
 state of the Christians in Turkey, and wanted it back to- 
 morrow! The thing was impossible, and indeed I never 
 could have done it at all, but my precious one has most 
 
 kindly taken the difficult task from me. Eugenie W 
 
 wants me to do some poetry for a friend of hers who is 
 translating but can't manage the rhymes a dear little 
 German governess who is doing it to give a sister a small 
 allowance. Of course I will do my best. So I have got 
 work, though of the unremunerative order, but perhaps 
 translation will come by and by. It was cheering to 
 see Mr. Strahan's hand. I tell my child the interests of 
 my life. Here we are we two alone together, and 
 William seems to like that we should sit in the same 
 room again. So there he is at the round table again, 
 doing my work, and I at mine, writing to my child, and 
 oh, so thankful and tremblingly happy ! I look at him 
 there, and thinking of what life would have been without 
 him may well say, " Thou who hast given so much to me, 
 give me one thing more a thankful heart." To-mor- 
 row I shall bring in the other sofa, and settle the room 
 to my mind. 
 
 To Mrs. Cotton. 
 
 NEWTON PLACE, 1865. 
 
 . . . You ask me, dear, what books I have translated 
 since " Human Sadness." A great many, but none worth 
 mentioning. I did two very thick volumes, " Outlines of 
 Theology and Philosophy," from the French of the well- 
 known Swiss theologian, Alexander Vinet. Then I trans- 
 lated Eugenie de Guerin's journal and letters, but they 
 were too slight to bear the process well. There is a Ger- 
 man tale, " short and simple annals of the poor," called 
 " Wealth and Welfare," just come out, which I think 
 will very probably be my last translation, for the pub- 
 lisher who for six years has furnished me with this pleas- 
 ant occupation, and sent me such liberal cheques, has now 
 soared into a higher sphere altogether, and is little likely, 
 
344 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 I think, to bring me any more translations. I have had 
 nothing to do the whole summer, and the interval of idle- 
 ness has made me enjoy our guests still more thoroughly. 
 I shall be charmed if any work of the kind comes to me 
 this autumn, but I do not soon expect it. I had a pos- 
 sibility suggested to me by another publisher a few days 
 ago, but I 'm not sanguine as to the books he mentions 
 proving worth the doing, and as he refers the decision to 
 me I am afraid I shall have to tell him so. I do not 
 like the responsibility of deciding. 
 
 To Mrs. Cotton. 
 
 NEWTON PLACE, 1866. 
 
 . . . Do you know, my darling, I suspect that our way 
 of living so out of society and all its restrictions, seeing 
 none but intimate friends, never having (or seldom) to 
 suppress an opinion or put on a conventional semblance, 
 is unfitting me fast for anything else. The very idea 
 of " standing on one's hind-legs," as your delightful Mrs. 
 
 D said, makes me shudder. Then I have a growing 
 
 sense of dowdiness and want of savoir faire I Remova- 
 ble I think by millinery in some measure, but then the 
 remedy would be worse than the disease. All merely su- 
 perficial relations, all acquaintance, becomes, I find, so irk- 
 some, and this probably because one has nothing to repay 
 the casual glance. What I mean is that unless I am loved 
 I should never be liked. But don't imagine that I would 
 willingly get odd or wilfully unconventional. On the 
 contrary, in deference to Minma's remonstrances I dis- 
 carded a faithful bonnet, comparatively of the coal-scuttle 
 shape, and adopted a small pretence, a mere figment, un- 
 suited to my years ! . . . We shall see Eugenie I hope at 
 Brighton, for it is there we are going. Just because it 's 
 so little attractive for me I think it is better for me than 
 to go from solitude to solitude, and then, though William 
 kindly assures me he should like Barmouth just as well, it 
 
AMONG FRIENDS. 345 
 
 is natural that he should take an interest in a place where 
 he has lived so much, so that I am sure it is a judicious 
 move. There is one person whom I shall be truly sorry 
 to leave a dear old woman of ninety-seven, with all her 
 faculties clear and bright, and much enjoyment of life 
 still nay, with a merry spirit and a sense of fun which 
 does not in many survive youth. To-day she was talking 
 to me of her mother, " dear old woman," as she calls her. 
 She says she dreams of her constantly. We are great 
 friends, old Sally Yewdale and I, and if we live to return, 
 we may find her, for she does not seem to have even the 
 germ of any disease, and is full of mental vigour. 
 
 I was much struck one summer Sunday with a face be- 
 fore me in church. The profile was plain and common- 
 looking, but the full face beautiful with the bright spirit 
 within. When I heard Mr. Trevelyan was staying at 
 Grange, I felt sure this face belonged to him, and so it 
 did ; and I had his photograph lent me and admired it un- 
 speakably ; and when we came across hini in our rambles 
 I always looked at him with interest. And so I came to 
 wanting to read what he had written, and dear Annie 
 Clough sent me his " Cawnpore," which William had al- 
 ways refused to let me have from the London Library. 
 And he was perhaps right it is too painful, but I think 
 the most interesting book I ever read. The first chapters 
 are brilliantly and graphically written ; afterwards one 
 does not think of that, but of the " fruitless valor and un- 
 utterable woe." When the newspapers told the terrible 
 story it did not torture me as this book did. The suffer- 
 ings in the entrenchments one can bear to think of, for 
 there was action, heroism, and sympathy. But that mas- 
 sacre darkens the very sun, and shakes one to the centre. 
 For days I was haunted by it. You must have been far 
 more impressed at the time than even we in England 
 were, and I am sure I don't want any one to feel their 
 heart and faith sink as mine did over this fearfully ab- 
 
346 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 sorting book. I think it is wonderfully written, and 
 after the description of " the Station" felt as if I had 
 been there. 
 
 . . . Will you not despise us forever when 1 tell you 
 we did not see the meteors I We take a two-days-old 
 " Times," and did not know the full glories to be revealed, 
 else of course we should never have thought of going to 
 bed after looking out too soon. I shall never be quite 
 the same woman in consequence ! 
 
 To Miss Mary Wrench. 
 
 KESWICK, Jan. 21, 1867. 
 
 How I hope you got well to your journey's end, and 
 have not taken cold ! To-morrow will tell. Matthew has 
 just brought in a very long letter from dearest Mrs. 
 Jones five sheets. I send you two were you here, 
 you should have them all, of course, but I don't mean to 
 exceed my one-penny stamp. We are all packed up, and 
 purpose setting off for Brighton to-morrow morning. How 
 beautiful it was yesterday ! When I got back, I tidied 
 the drawing-room, and made it look so comfortable with 
 the two sofas, little table, etc., that I really should have 
 been content to settle down for another week. Then I 
 went to visit William, and he proposed that we should 
 go to Lodore together. I do wish you had seen it it is 
 magical. The monuments William described were 
 strangely impressive and solemn the reclining figure 
 more perfect than I expected ; the icicles hung over like 
 exquisite drapery, and behind them seemed a dark cave. 
 Then the moonlight was so fascinating we could hardly 
 get to bed for watching it. This morning I longed to go 
 and see Sally, but was disinclined to walk so far along the 
 snowy road. And I felt dull and inert, and that perhaps 
 has told upon my beloved, or else it is the inevitable de- 
 pression that attends a move but whatever it is, we are 
 quiet and subdued, both of us. We have ha.c| eleven 
 
AMONG FRIENDS. 347 
 
 months of such unbroken health and happiness here, and 
 we both feel committing ourselves to the unknown. Clara 
 writes very lovingly. . . . Life seems to me to-night so 
 short as though it were hardly worth while to plan. I 
 hope there will be no sudden thaw to-morrow, but the 
 wind rises in fitful, threatening, wailing gusts. I have 
 done all my packing again all is ready and this room 
 that has known us so long will know us no more. I wish 
 I had some old clothes for the Irish woman, but I have 
 not, as you know. But when we get to Brighton, I will 
 send you some stamps for her. I am afraid, my darling, 
 I shall not be thought to have time to add anything in 
 the morning, but I need not tell you how rejoiced I shall 
 be to have a good account of you all. 
 
 BRIGHTON, January 24, 1867. 
 
 Here we are, you see safe, which is a great bless- 
 ing very dejected, absurdly so but I hope and be- 
 lieve we shall yet rally, and smile again ! Ah, how beau- 
 tiful it was on Monday morning, and how affectionately 
 sorry to lose us the nice people were. Who should get 
 out of the carriage we were about to get into at Keswick, 
 but Mrs. Todhunter with her baby in her arms but she 
 feared to let me peep at it, so intense was the cold. She 
 looked very large and very happy, but the meeting was so 
 hurried I feared I might not have seemed genial how 
 can you, with both hands full, and your foot on a railway 
 step ? At Penrith some one reached up to kiss me it 
 was Mrs. Lietch, going back to her house. There was 
 only one lady with us, nice-looking and sweet-voiced. As 
 we rolled away from a station, where we had had a mouth- 
 ful of hot tea at the refreshment room, her countenance 
 fell she had lost her purse. Evidently she was a good 
 deal agitated her ticket was in it, and about five pounds. 
 William at once pulled out Ms purse, and oh, how kind 
 and earnest and real his dear eyes looked as he held it out 
 
348 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 with its bright sovereigns, and begged she would take 
 whatever she might want. However, she expected to be 
 met and finally she found her own purse, which she 
 was sitting upon in a manner worthy of me ! We got 
 to Euston station at eleven o'clock, had our tea, and then 
 a perfect bed with any amount of rest in it. And the 
 next morning (yesterday ! it seems six months ago) we 
 went off to London Bridge station, William calling at the 
 Bank on the way and getting his dividend. Of course we 
 were an hour and a half too soon, and that being the case 
 I did not wish to be relegated to the crowded ladies' wait- 
 ing-room, but said I would wait in the general waiting- 
 room with William. Accordingly our bags, his cloak, and 
 the railway rugs were put on a round table in that general 
 waiting-room, but there the crowd was greater, and Wil- 
 liam advised me to return to the other, and said he would 
 stay there. But the dear one forgot .to keep his eye upon 
 the luggage, and his bag with little in it but documents, 
 the loss of which may be serious my bag, with all its 
 contents, brushes, inkstand, gold pen, account book, etc. 
 and his dear old cloak, were whisked off, never more to 
 be seen by us ! But in this world of calamities I 'm not 
 going to make a misery of that 't is an inconvenience, 
 and a loss of about two pounds (not more, because I 
 shan't dream of replacing the bag), and I shall not get 
 accustomed to it immediately. Still, if it ends there it 
 is nothing. The weather was indescribably wretched yes- 
 terday, and what we thought of the gloom of Brighton ! 
 Oh, how we have fretted, and asked what madness brought 
 us to the haunts of men us, who are so happy in our 
 own life. I am sure Rebecca is as kind as possible, but 
 we cannot be pleasant guests, we are so low. A dreadful 
 day of lodging-hunting every variety of objection dif- 
 fused over a wide range of houses nice rooms too dear, 
 the cheaper too odious, or the women offensive. I have 
 seen two or three most satisfactory ones, but they were 
 
AMONG FRIENDS. 349 
 
 just let! However, this is Thursday morning, and we are 
 going to gird our loins energetically, choose, and move. 
 Somehow these last two days have deepened my sense of 
 the wretchedness of an itinerant life. I think we shall 
 try to settle at Newton Place. In the prostration of our 
 intellects yesterday, William and I had our hair cut, both 
 in one room, and a droller sight I never saw than our two 
 sorrowful visages sheeted up, with whiskered men manip- 
 ulating us ! My kindest love to all. Dear me, how 
 much I could tell you, but writing is naught. 
 
 [On the envelope.] We have found charming rooms ! 
 
 BRIGHTON, February 4, 1867. 
 
 ... At the Willetts' we met such a young man ! He 
 is a very High Church clergyman, and as you know I have 
 no predilection that way. But all forms of earnest good- 
 ness I do at least heartily admire. This Mr. F 
 
 W is doing, it seems, a quite wonderful work in his 
 
 living of West Bromwich, somewhere in the Black Coun- 
 try. No one thinks of dwelling there who can help it, 
 none of the manufacturers, nor did his predecessor. Con- 
 sequently when he first went there he counted seven peo- 
 ple in church besides the officials. Now they go away by 
 fifties because the church can't hold them all. He has 
 three devoted curates, men of his own stamp ; they have 
 service every evening at seven, and a good many of the 
 night workers like to go to that service before they turn in 
 to bed for the day. Of course it is a short service, and 
 there is very beautiful singing. Any one who sees this 
 zealous young priest can understand his influence. He is 
 very powerful and manly, and has the sweetest smile. 
 Then there is such a simplicity and thoroughness about 
 him, and of course his choosing to live in the midst of dirt 
 and smoke and poverty tells immensely in his favor. He 
 seems quite as anxious about their bodies as their souls, 
 and has established a hospital. He is very well off, but 
 
350 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 if he had only eighty pounds a year I should call him a 
 glorious match for any girl who was worthy. Such 
 straight black eyebrows, and deep-set blue eyes ! I am 
 quite faithless to my fair-haired ideal. And then the 
 sweet way in which he played whist with his mother and 
 an old aunt. I was his partner, and we won two rubbers. 
 I beg to say he invited me most kindly for the Birming- 
 ham oratorio, or church congress, or anything else there 
 might be. But my beloved one was naughty that evening, 
 fell into a silent mood, and could not be got away from 
 picture-books his great snare. ... I must return to 
 Thursday, to tell you what greeted me on my return from 
 the Willetts'. Such a box from my beloved Mrs. Jones ! 
 A delightful bag, large and light, really far more pleasant 
 to carry than the fitted-up ones a beauty quite, and in 
 it the gold pen with which I am now writing, destined, I 
 trust, to be as great a comfort as the last was. It runs on 
 delightfully, and will no doubt go on improving. And 
 such a pretty box of dear Mr. Jones's, and such a lovely 
 inkstand to replace dear Annie's ! There never was such 
 a gracious, generous nature as that darling woman's, and 
 she makes all her gifts dearer by saying that whether they 
 answer the purpose or not " the love they come with is all 
 right." Bless her ! I am grateful. In the evening of 
 Saturday your uncle William went to have a chat with 
 Mr. Joshua Williams, and I to Mrs. Woodford's, and he 
 came there for me. Miss Kinglake had with her a singu- 
 larly charming early friend of hers. This lady had be- 
 come a Catholic, but I have no objection to " that sort," 
 as dear old Sally said. I do not know when I have met 
 any one who had the same intense refinement of voice and 
 felicity of expression. Her lips dropped pearls the 
 merest word told of intellect, and I think sweetness, at all 
 events of highest culture. At a little distance she is still 
 so pretty. Miss Kinglake had told me much of her fasci- 
 nation in youth, and I was not disappointed. But there 
 
AMONG FRIENDS. 351 
 
 was a cross-grained young man there, with his glass 
 screwed tight into his eye, and generally disposed to put 
 people down. I did not enjoy my evening your Zia is 
 soon chilled and cowed. I felt too shivery and good-for- 
 nothing last evening to venture out ; thought indeed I was 
 going to have a violent cold ; but thanks to aconite taken 
 in time, and what the dear grandfather used to call my 
 44 resiliency," I am sharp enough this evening to contem- 
 plate going to the Phipps's. There are only to be a Mr. 
 and Mrs. Carpenter there. Pray Heaven William may 
 be chatty, for Mr. Carpenter has long wished to see him, 
 and is said to be a very superior man. And to people who 
 know and delight in his books, it must be a disappoint- 
 ment to see him shut himself up in a picture-book. 
 
 March 3, 1867. 
 
 ... I have liked Brighton much better this time as 
 regards people. Mr. Carpenter is so charming so emi- 
 nently one of the salt of the earth. Some might say that 
 his religion was philosophy, but it is not cold and abstract 
 the man glows with love to God and man. He was 
 with us hours on Sunday evening, and if we come again 
 he will greet us as friends. Then Mr. Long J I delight 
 in, and the young clergyman. Mr. Phipps, to whom we 
 owe that pleasant new acquaintance, is very taking, and 
 evidently likes William exceedingly comes to take him 
 out walking in a nice, cordial way. 
 
 To Mrs. Cotton. 
 
 BRIGHTON, Feb. 8, 1867. 
 
 Why should I not have a few words with you, even 
 though you should not have time to reply ? I am quite 
 sure you will not think them unwelcome, and I feel in a 
 sort of dreamy, tender, subdued mood retrospective 
 
 1 The late Mr. George Long, author of A History of the Roman 
 Republic. 
 
352 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 and perhaps a little sad in which an old friend is the 
 very person one naturally turns to. And what old friends 
 you and I are, darling! Do you, I wonder, remember 
 how at Penhelig we two (surely remarkably intelligent 
 girls of twelve!) used to discuss theological subjects in 
 the dear shrubbery ? I from the decidedly Calvinistic 
 point of view which darling Mrs. Scott found rather ob- 
 jectionable, and which you by* no means shared! And 
 then the talks of our youth the pleasures, the sorrows, 
 the aspirations ! And all that so long ago ! How long 
 has just been brought to my mind by a morning call from 
 Mr. . He looked with ^great interest at my photo- 
 graphs of sweet Louise and you, and felt how gracefully 
 and how generously time had dealt with both. Naturally 
 he did not tell me how lamentable the impression my ap- 
 pearance made, but he looked it. He and I never had 
 much to say to each other, and should probably feel more 
 kindly now through the virtue of old memories, common 
 memories, than we ever did before. But his presence and 
 talk generally has had a wonderful effect in making me 
 realize how long I have sat at Life's feast, and how soon 
 I must rise and make room for others at the richly spread 
 table. To me the best things have come late the} r are 
 still so freshly enjoyed I do not like to think my time 
 must be short. We all, I fancy, take our own notions of 
 ourselves from what others form. When I live with Wil- 
 liam, while I am alone with him, years have done me no 
 wrong. I am what he sees me to be I look at myself 
 through the flattering medium of those kind eyes, partial 
 as my mother's I am bright by reflection I am on 
 easy, affectionate terms with myself ! Oh, " how am I 
 translated " by this interview with Mr. - - ! How el- 
 derly, how ugly, how uninteresting ! You will think me 
 crazy, perhaps, but I 've a notion too that what one human 
 being really feels can hardly be quite unintelligible to any 
 other. Your old and admiring friend Mr. looks 
 
AMONG FRIENDS. 353 
 
 well, and has a pleasant manner, and though I don't say 
 the effect on me of the effect I made upon him was exhil- 
 arating, still I am glad to have seen him. 
 
 I do hope we may go to London for a fortnight, or 
 three weeks. Would we could spend some hours together, 
 say at the Zoological Garden my idea of enjoyment ! 
 and thoroughly wake up the dear old friendship which will 
 never die, I am quite sure, but which must needs grow 
 comparatively lethargic and silent for want of the viva 
 voce, the laugh and sigh shared, the agreement or the ar- 
 gument as the case might be. Sweet Mary ! Do girls 
 nowadays admire each other as I admired you? Are 
 there such darlings to be seen ? You combined, and com- 
 bine, so very much. I am longing to know where you 
 will go first when you leave the happy home of five years. 
 There will be so many friends claiming you, you will be 
 torn to pieces, and indeed I shall not be surprised to hear 
 that you run away from them all and go and tour in Swit- 
 zerland. And here are we beginning to think that we 
 should like to pitch a more permanent tent than we have 
 done hitherto not that any years can ever be happier 
 than these last six have been. ... I have been laid up the 
 last two or three days with cold, sick headache, etc., and 
 I think that 's why I think in the minor key, so to speak. 
 Generally my spirits are I would say absurdly high, 
 but that William likes them, and would not, I think, even 
 if he could, barter this " antic and exultant spirit " for 
 stronger intellect or wider cultivation. You know that 
 we had M with us again for a month. She is a dar- 
 ling, and I was more than ever struck with her very re- 
 markable intellectual quickness. She seems to me to have 
 an aptitude for almost everything. ... I am going to put 
 in instead of any more letter some very simple lines 
 something like a little poem of G run's I read and took a 
 great fancy to six years ago but how like I really do 
 not know. 
 
354 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 THE WEDDING RING. 
 
 I climbed the hill, and looked around 
 
 The prospect stretched out wide ; 
 Green vales, rich woods, and shining sea 
 
 Beauty on every side ! 
 
 So fair, so far, so boundless all ! 
 
 My spirit was oppressed ; 
 My glance roamed round, now here, now there, 
 
 And knew not where to rest. 
 
 Then from my finger, half in play, 
 
 My wedding ring I drew ; 
 And through that golden circlet small 
 
 Looked out upon the view. 
 
 I saw a wreath of cottage smoke, 
 
 A church spire rising by, 
 A river wind thro' sheltering trees, 
 
 Above a reach of sky. 
 
 This little picture I had made 
 
 Both cheered and calmed my soul ; 
 True, I saw less, but what I saw 
 
 Was dearer than the whole. 
 
 More vivid light, more solemn shades, 
 
 Such limits seemed to bring ; 
 My portion of the world be still 
 
 Framed in my wedding ring ! 
 
 Now I Ve written them out they don't seem worth it, but 
 there 's a truth in them. My darling Mary, keep a little 
 corner in your dear heart for your and General Cotton's 
 truly affectionate and appreciating L. C. S. 
 
CHAPTER XXIV. 
 
 PEN PORTRAITS. 
 
 (From the Memoir.) 
 
 FOR the summer of 1867 we fixed ourselves at Bar- 
 mouth, in North Wales a place to which my husband 
 had never before been, though he had chosen it for the 
 scene of one of the episodes in " Thorndale." We had a 
 snug little cottage to ourselves, perched just above the es- 
 tuary, on the other side of which rose the range of Cader 
 Idris. The place suited my husband's health, and as 
 usual we were fortunate in a landlady whose kindliness 
 and care for us gave us a sense of comfort and security 
 very precious to both. We should have been, I believe, 
 unduly pained by an opposite experience, but during our 
 married life we never encountered it. My husband's un- 
 varying consideration for the claims and the feelings of 
 all brought into contact with him, as well as his self-help- 
 fulness and punctuality, made him the most popular of 
 lodgers. Looking over my diaries, whatever year I take 
 up seems to have been the happiest ! William was much 
 occupied, I remember, this particular summer, with scien- 
 tific subjects. One of the papers that he wrote for the 
 magazine was a review of a work of Emile Saigey's, treat- 
 ing of the " Unity of Natural Phenomena." I think the 
 closing paragraph will interest some who read these 
 pages : 
 
 What if the movements of suns and planets, about which so 
 many theories have been devised, should at last be studied in 
 the mpvements of the molecule ? The movements of suns and 
 
356 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 systems may be but results or examples of those two movements 
 of rotation and translation with which we found it necessary to 
 endow every atom from the commencement. 
 
 Need we add that we have still to ask how atoms came to be 
 endowed with these movements, and were brought into all these 
 rhythms or harmonies ? Need we add that our last and boldest 
 generalizations only make the necessity more glaring to supple- 
 ment the atom and its movement with the great idea of Intelli- 
 gential Power ? 
 
 God, and the atom, and the soul of man, 
 Something we seem to know of all the three 
 Something and only always of the three. 
 
 We were seven months at Barmouth. What memories 
 arise of grave and tender talk during sunset strolls along 
 the quiet sands, while the distant Carnarvonshire moun- 
 tains stood out lilac against a " daffodil sky ; " of glad 
 morning rambles, after morning work, over hills gorgeous 
 with furze and heather ; or rapid pacing up and down the 
 bridge, watching the flowing or the ebbing rush of the 
 tide ! We had a good many brief visits from different 
 friends during the summer, but we were much alone too. 
 The winter found us in Edinburgh. 
 
 During our stay there one of our peculiar interests lay 
 in attending together, every Sunday morning, a rather 
 singular service held by a Mr. Cranbrook in the Hopetoun 
 Rooms. Mr. Cranbrook had been originally, I believe, 
 an Independent minister, but at the time I speak of he 
 had seceded from that body. We never knew his history 
 with exactness, but heard of him as an earnest thinker, 
 following at any cost what he deemed truth. He was then 
 evidently in ill . health, and had the wistful look of one 
 " led by the Spirit " into a desert. His congregation was 
 small, but loving hands always placed flowers on each 
 side of the desk before him. His sermons were generally 
 critical, but in his prayers the emotional nature of the 
 man came out. We found the contrast between the cold 
 
PEN PORTRAITS. 357 
 
 analytical tone of his preaching and the passionate cry of 
 his heart deeply pathetic, and came away with much to 
 talk over during our Sunday morning walk. To me it 
 was always an unspeakable interest to go with my hus- 
 band to a place of worship. I never saw there a de- 
 meanor quite the same as his, he sat so still, there was 
 such reverent attention in his fixed glance. It was not 
 often that I had this experience ; compromises and con- 
 formity to custom formed no part of his religion ; but he 
 laid down no rules for others ; could understand how in 
 them memories and affections might hold together old 
 habits and changed opinions; never charged their intel- 
 lectual inconsistency with dishonesty. When I returned 
 from church, he liked me to tell him what I had heard 
 there, and if a deepened sense of things unseen and a de- 
 sire to live more in accordance with the highest standard 
 be the best results of religious teaching, then it was his 
 comments that most helped me. I, on my side, rever- 
 enced the law of his higher nature, unflinchingly 
 obeyed, and rewarded openly by a transparent simplicity, a 
 reality in look, and speech, and gesture, that all felt the 
 influence of, and which his venerable friend Dr. Brabant 
 once referred to in these words, " When I am with your 
 husband, I feel in the presence of absolute truth." 
 
 In the January of 1868 we left Edinburgh for our dear 
 Newton Place, and some of our kind friends thought it an 
 injudicious move. But even in winter we enjoyed it thor- 
 oughly ; perhaps never more than then, when mighty 
 winds swooping down from Sea wf ell tossed and twisted 
 our protecting trees and shook the walls of our dwelling 
 as they passed us by, or when heavy rains had turned 
 our meadow into a lake, and flooded roads shut us most 
 completely in. To the happy, storm is as exhilarating as 
 sunshine, and I used to liken our secluded life to a full 
 glass of champagne, into which drop the merest trifle, 
 it effervesces anew. A book, a magazine, sent by a 
 
358 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 friend, a parcel from the London library, the arrival of 
 proof to correct, etc., still more, any natural spectacle 
 northern lights, frost-work, falling snow anything, ev- 
 erything, was pleasurable excitement. On such winter 
 evenings my husband would often take me from room to 
 room of our dwelling " to show me " the moon, or moon- 
 lit clouds, or the starlight splendor in different parts of 
 the sky. And after standing long in silence together gaz- 
 ing at the silent stars, he would turn from their oppres- 
 sive magnificence with such words as these : u Love 
 must be better than hate in all worlds I " So much was 
 certain. While thus alone, from the first hour of rising 
 
 when I could hear him " singing, dancing to himself " 
 
 to the winding up of our evening by some game of 
 chess or cards, all was conscious enjoyment. I cannot 
 convey to those who did not know him, or knew him but 
 slightly, the variety of his playfulness, the delicate humor 
 that gave charm and freshness to " every day's most quiet 
 need by sun and candlelight." I suppose it required a 
 heart like his, " moored to something ineffable, supreme," 
 and an entire absence from personal anxieties, enmities, 
 ambitions. I only know that this "spirit of joy" that 
 he felt and diffused was, as far as my experience goes, 
 unique, and no sketch of his character that did not lay 
 stress upon it could be in any degree complete. 
 
 This year, 1868, our " Annus Mirabilis," as he some- 
 times called it, was the most social of all our years. 
 For several months we had a succession of dear friends, 
 some of them eminently congenial companions to my hus- 
 band ; and between their coming and going, intervals of 
 our own life. William was well and strong ; the seasons 
 were all unusually fine ; in autumn the hills were one 
 sheet of golden bracken, such as we never saw before or 
 since ; the leaves hung later on his beloved birch -trees, 
 and our mountain walks were longer than usual. 
 
PEN PORTRAITS. 359 
 
 To Mr. TJwmas Constable. 
 
 BARMOUTH, June. 
 
 I have had a great pleasure this last fortnight. Just 
 when I had finished and despatched " Le Secret," and was 
 open to social enjoyment, came a visit of five days from 
 the only sister of that precious Blanche, of whom you 
 
 have so often heard me speak. Mrs. R a widow, alas ! 
 
 and the mother of eight wonderfully handsome and 
 clever creatures. Two and twenty years ago this dear 
 Augusta and I were great friends. Then she went to 
 India, married most happily was a " queen of society " 
 at Calcutta for many years. Delightful to say, our very 
 different lives had brought about no estrangement what- 
 ever we found that we suited each other just as we 
 used to do, and actually ended by seeing very little change 
 even in the outward woman ! ! It is curious indeed how 
 to the eye of familiar affection the former young face 
 shows again through the veil of the present old one. 
 
 To Miss Mary Wrench. 
 
 BARMOUTH, NORTH WALES, Aug. 9, 1867. 
 
 I find that I don't get on much with my writing unless 
 I am alone. I regret to feel my capability of abstraction 
 diminished, but my blessed mode of life has the one draw- 
 back of somewhat unfitting me for any other. Tuesday 
 I was so sharp and well off to my old woman, and 
 walked the four and a half miles in no time. She is 
 doing so well. I positively don't know what I am to do 
 with the poor people here the sick poor, I mean, who 
 want nourishment. My poor navvy I am obliged to begin 
 with again he has boils, which require a little good 
 food, I am sure, and till he can work for it he is penniless. 
 The medicines for the old woman are expensive. And 
 the piteous thing is, the people fancy I can do something 
 for their cases, and I tell them in vain that I have no 
 
360 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 medical knowledge. Oh, that I had money for these poor 
 souls ! [Speaking of a spendthrift.] Poor fellow ! Life 
 is a very poor thing when the part believes itself the 
 whole, and a man looks upon heaven and earth as existing 
 to supply him with pleasures and amusements this is 
 what the grossly selfish do. The poorer the intellect, the 
 less the perception that the unit is not the whole. There 
 is a word that expresses briefly the very spirit of Christian 
 teaching altruism. Comte was not a Christian, but 
 every Christian may thank him for the word. Oh, for 
 more altruism more " looking on the things of others," 
 " loving others as ourself ." It is matter of thankfulness 
 
 to be able to see the beauty of this. But could not, 
 
 poor fellow, any more than I could be a mathematician. 
 ... I am interested in every word you tell me, though I 
 don't comment, and go on thinking aloud to you just as it 
 happens. 
 
 February 24, 1868. 
 
 [She and her husband called on Mr. and Mrs. Lewes.] 
 We found them in, and so cordial ! Her hands were cold 
 as death, and she was not well. She is writing, which al- 
 ways exhausts her. ... In going away, I saw in her dear 
 eyes that I might kiss her, and I can't tell you how kindly 
 she put her arms about me. She is delightful so gentle 
 and tender. 
 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Loomis. 
 
 NEWTON PLACE, KESWICK, May 10, 1868. 
 
 It was a true pleasure to see your handwriting on the 
 28th of February, and I almost wish I had replied at 
 once ; followed that impulse to write, which if once 
 checked is apt to die down, and hence great gaps of si- 
 lence between those who really care much for each other. 
 I rejoice, we rejoice, to have so good an account of your 
 health, and we take a sincere interest in all you tell us of 
 your family life and your new home. . . . Now I am 
 going to leave all allusions to general subjects, to politics, 
 
PEN PORTRAITS. 361 
 
 literature, and the great throbs and heavings of opinion in 
 your country and ours, to my dear husband, who will say 
 more in a few words than I in so many pages. I am 
 going as usual to write you a mere woman's chit-chat 
 about persons and private interests. Not that I lack sym- 
 pathy with those other wider subjects, but I have not 
 energy to write about them, and besides, we have not 
 written to each other for so long a time. I want to take 
 a retrospective glance at our quiet life. We so much like 
 hearing your personal history, I am sure you will not be 
 indifferent to ours. On the 2d of April settled ourselves 
 down at a Welsh bathing-place that my dear one has 
 spoken of in "Thorndale," though he had never seen it till 
 last year. It had many attractions a less wet climate 
 than that of Cumberland, lovely mountain and river scen- 
 ery, and fine sands, though not a grand sea too land- 
 locked and calm. There all the country people speak 
 Welsh, but it so happened that I have more to do with 
 them than I have here, where indeed there are no poor. 
 . . . The Established Church is comparatively a dead let- 
 ter in Wales. You should, however, have seen how the 
 Voluntary principle builds and flourishes there ! But 
 what was even more serious, the doctors in the neighbour- 
 hood drank even more than , and here was no Volun- 
 tary principle to come to the rescue ! This led to my 
 having a few patients. My father was a physician, and I 
 have just a little common-sense, simple knowledge. Any- 
 how, I had there the supreme delight of feeling that I had 
 been of some little use in alleviating pain. The Welsh 
 have great faith in an irregular practitioner ! Then we 
 were lodging with such a dear woman, one of the loveliest 
 specimens of human nature, and thoroughly refined, 
 though she could neither read nor write. The Welsh, 
 like the Highlanders and other Celts, have often a native 
 charm of exquisite politeness and tact, a sort of poetic in- 
 sight into the relations of persons and things, which makes 
 
362 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 them very pleasant to deal with. We were with this 
 sweet woman for seven months, and now she keeps up a 
 correspondence with us through the medium of her little 
 ten-year-old daughter's pen, and wonderful the spelling is, 
 but very simple and pretty the idioms. To dwellers 
 in tents such as we are, the finding mental and moral ex- 
 cellence in a landlady is an immense point. That is one 
 reason why we so much like returning here. I thor- 
 oughly appreciate the freedom from care, and above all 
 the never having to train and find fault, which the mis- 
 tress of a small household would inevitably have to do in 
 these transitory days, when servants still exist, but with- 
 out any of the old traditions of duty which used to make 
 the tie between them and their master so strong. The 
 very word master is hardly ever heard, except indeed in 
 Wales. My dear mother remembered that former state 
 of things in all its perfection. In her home the old but- 
 ler, housekeeper, ladies' maids, and the rest lived thirty, 
 forty years lived, in short, all their lives. There was 
 a beauty in it, of course, as there is in every epoch. But 
 progress, that brings so much, must take away too the 
 former things have passed away, and it is vain to look 
 back regretfully let us go on to the cooperative condi- 
 tion, and hope the best ! Meanwhile, we are very happy 
 in our tent life but I must love the people I come in 
 contact with, and I do here love the gentle, admirable 
 woman who has husband and six children in the lower 
 part of the house, entirely apart and out of our way ; at- 
 tends to them faithfully, and yet cooks very nicely for us, 
 while we are waited upon by her eldest daughter, Ruth, a 
 modest, obliging, round-faced English girl, of a very satis- 
 factory type. My great friend is a dear old woman of 
 ninety-eight, who lives all alone in a poor little cottage, 
 and is as regards intelligence and even the power of min- 
 istering to her own small wants, in the prime of life. I 
 am very fond of that uncultured class, with their sincerity 
 
PEN PORTRAITS. 363 
 
 and reality. From Wales we went on the 5th of Novem- 
 ber to Edinburgh, where we have several very dear and 
 very delightful friends, one of the most intimate a fervent 
 Roman Catholic. At her house we constantly met Jesuit 
 fathers, who are really working their way wonderfully in 
 Presbyterian Scotland. Perhaps not wonderfully for 
 they are exceedingly active, and this is a day of violent 
 reactions. In Edinburgh we were quite sociable, dined 
 out, and met several interesting people, to say nothing of 
 seeing beloved friends constantly and familiarly. You 
 may remember, perhaps, my speaking to you of Mr. 
 Thomas Constable as one whom I should particularly wish 
 you to know if you went to Edinburgh. I must tell you 
 what he did last summer. The Constables were all spend- 
 ing it in Switzerland, and for a time took up their quarters 
 at Pension Crochet, Bex. There they observed a very un- 
 happy, ungenial-looking man, who suffered from his eyes 
 evidently, and spoke to no one. Touched by his appar- 
 ent isolation, Mr. Constable accosted him. The reply was 
 a hand raised to the ear, and the words, " I hear nothing." 
 This only excited Mr. Constable's compassionate feeling 
 further, and his next move was to ask (in writing) the 
 solitary man to drive with him and his large, cheerful 
 family party. This was declined, on the plea that his 
 infirmities made him a miserable companion. Nothing 
 daunted, Mr. Constable begged to be taught the sign- 
 language of which this stranger made use. This done, he 
 could communicate more freely. By and by the poor 
 man's heart melted, and he told Mr. Constable his whole 
 story a wretched one it was. This poor stone-deaf man 
 was an Austrian, of high family and connections, but a 
 bankrupt and an exile. His deafness had greatly inter- 
 fered with his prospects in life, and he represented him- 
 self as always having been wayward and impracticable. 
 However, he had married a very beautiful woman, and 
 might have gone on pretty well, had he not resolved, con- 
 
364 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 trary to the entreaties of his family, to embark all his 
 fortune and his wife's fortune in a speculation which 
 utterly failed. There had been faults, as well as this 
 folly, but only such as are, I suppose, too current in Vien- 
 nese society. However, backed by poverty, these faults 
 
 looked very grave. The head of the family, a Count , 
 
 volunteered to support the wife and daughters, provided 
 the bankrupt father left the country ; and finally the 
 family man of business took him to that cheap Swiss pen- 
 sion^ and left him there, saying that should he find that 
 mode of life intolerable, " the lake of Geneva was near at 
 hand." Alone, uncared-for, a hopeless bankrupt and ex- 
 ile, having estranged all his friends and his wife, deaf, en- 
 tirely deaf, and nearly blind this man had stood hours 
 on the bridge of St. Maurice, but had not the nerve to 
 plunge, he said, much as he desired to die. For a month, 
 Mr. Constable did all he could to comfort him ; then, 
 when the family were on the point of leaving for Thun, 
 the poor man burst out : " What shall I do when you are 
 gone!" "Come and stay with us there for a month." 
 This he declined he said that in a life so miserable as 
 his must be it was better not to have such gleams of com- 
 parative light. But evidently he felt the approaching 
 parting. One day, when Mr. Constable had again pressed 
 him to visit them at Thun, with the same result, he said : 
 " Very well, then, come and stay with us altogether ! " 
 "What do you mean?" "Come and stay with us for 
 good and all." " What are you talking about ? I do not 
 understand." "Come and stay with us till you die," 
 said my beloved friend. The count burst into tears. 
 He stood out bravely he was a bad man, he said. " I 
 don't mind," was the reply, "you are unhappy." "He 
 was a Catholic " that Mr. Constable minded much less. 
 " Wife and family would object," Mr. Constable would 
 fetch them, and he would see. (His wife and he are one 
 soul, the children worthy of their parents.) Finally, after 
 
PEN PORTRAITS. 365 
 
 wintering with them at Nice, this poor man is at this mo- 
 ment a much loved member of their charming Scotch 
 home. He seems quite a changed creature, and his de- 
 voted love to that man who was indeed a " refuge from 
 the storm" is most touching. We hope they will be 
 coming to this neighbourhood by and by. This is a very 
 long story about strangers but I think you will under- 
 stand my temptation to tell it. I thank God for having 
 such a friend as Mr. Constable. Now I must go to bed, 
 and I shall finish to-morrow. I hope you will allow that 
 I am writing more legibly at all events, I have tried. 
 Good-night, dear far-away friends in Minnesota ! 
 
 May 11. Such a sweet, mild spring morning but 
 rather gray. How I should like to see your brilliant sun- 
 shine. Sometimes William and I amuse ourselves with 
 planning a trip to America, but we know all the while we 
 are only playing with our own fancies. Thank God, he is 
 well bright and cheerful not writing much in " Black- 
 wood," but there will be an article by and by on Lewes' 
 " History of Philosophy," and also on your Motley's two 
 last volumes. We have enjoyed Holmes's "Guardian 
 Angel " very much. Do you in America hold George Eliot 
 the very queen of novelists ? She is just about to publish 
 a long poem, and from the lines that head several of the 
 chapters of " Felix Holt " one knows her to be a true poet. 
 . . . Marriage seems to be becoming more and more rare 
 in England ; there is an unhealthy horror of poverty and 
 " loss of position " which nips many a young hope. Now 
 you will not think will you that it is from want of 
 attentive interest to every part of your letter that I have 
 commented so little upon it. I wish you would write 
 again, rather sooner this time. I wish I had dried an 
 English primrose to send with a kiss on it to Daisy. I 
 wish that you could see our green, peaceful valley, with its 
 lakes and quiet hills the highest only 3000 feet. By 
 the way, I wandered with the Cottons over lonely hills for 
 
366 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 three hours the other day, and was not over-tired. Thank 
 God, I think William is well you know what this is for 
 me. Your life sounds quite perfect, with each other, your 
 darlings, and your definite and lofty work. May you 
 have .health to enjoy it fully. 
 
 W. S. to Same. 
 
 It gave us very great pleasure to hear from you again, 
 and especially to hear so charming an account of your new 
 abode. What a climate and what a beautiful country 
 you have lighted on ! Your description kindled a momen- 
 tary desire to see your magnificent river, with its grand 
 bluffs, and its rich and picturesque valleys. But we must 
 content ourselves with our little lakes and miniature 
 mountains. And we have had so exquisite a spring that 
 so far as scenery is concerned we ought to be content. I 
 have never seen our Borrowdale and all its surroundings 
 look more beautiful than through this last month. How 
 cities spring up with you ! We say here, we almost see 
 the trees grow you might say that you almost see cities 
 grow. The political life of the future lies mainly with 
 you. Democracy, with a glorious region of the earth to 
 expand itself in what will it do ? We ask the question, 
 and try to look ahead. But I am afraid we cannot see 
 very distinctly. 
 
 I feel an unabated interest in your politics, although ours 
 have lately become very exciting. I cannot understand 
 altogether the policy of your great Republican party in 
 its conduct toward the South. Perhaps at this distance, 
 with conflicting facts put before one, it is impossible to 
 get a clear view of the question. This unfortunate Presi- 
 dent Johnson, with all his blundering and foolish obstina- 
 cies, seems to have had a real desire to cement the union 
 between the North and South, while the Republican party 
 seems to be solicitous only for the triumph of its own 
 ideas good no doubt in the main, but pushed on regard* 
 
PEN PORTRAITS. 367 
 
 less of the feelings of the South, or of the necessity to con- 
 ciliate. 
 
 But as to the conduct of political parties, we in Eng- 
 land have lately been giving to the world one of the 
 strangest exhibitions. Our conservative party has had 
 one distinguishing tenet dread of democracy. They 
 came into power, and they have pushed us toward democ- 
 racy at a rate which is alarming to old liberals. We are 
 all speculating as to what the new constituencies will do 
 what measures they will clamour for and now before 
 these new constituencies can elect their House of Parlia- 
 ment, the question of the Irish Church has emerged from 
 the region of mere speculation and controversial politics, 
 and presents itself as something to be done. One thing 
 is very noticeable that whereas the speakers in the 
 House of Commons uniformly draw a broad distinction 
 between the English Protestant Church and the Irish, 
 and are loud in asserting their fidelity to the former even 
 when they are most violent against the latter yet out- 
 side the House, and amongst the clergy in particular, 
 there is a disposition to regard the attack upon the Irish 
 as an attack also upon the English Establishment. In 
 spite of Mr. Gladstone's assertions, and the whole body 
 of Whigs, they insist upon it that the real question at 
 issue is that between Establishments and the Voluntary 
 principle. This belongs in part to the ordinary tactics of 
 controversy. Persuade the English people that their own 
 Church is bound up with the fate of the Irish and the 
 Irish Church is safe enough at present. But there is 
 more in it than this. The dissensions in our own Church, 
 the ritualism and the rationalism that have grown up in 
 it, have brought a sense of insecurity to churchmen them- 
 selves. They know that here as elsewhere union is 
 strength and disunion weakness. Their own dissensions 
 will give an opening to the Voluntary principle, and if 
 this principle is deliberately adopted for Ireland, the ex- 
 
368 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 ample may spread. So the cry of " The Church is in 
 danger " is not wholly the mere war-cry of a party, as it 
 has often been, but speaks of a rational solicitude for the 
 future. I myself look upon the Voluntary principle as 
 I look upon Democracy, as the inevitable but I have 
 never been anxious to expedite the coming of either of 
 them. Every year people read more and think more than 
 they did, and I want this kind of quiet progress to go on 
 and at least accompany our organic changes. 
 
 I am prosing on about matters perhaps as familiar to 
 yourself as they are on this side of the water. You in 
 Minnesota are as much within hearing of London and 
 Paris as we here in Cumberland. I only know that when- 
 ever you touch upon your politics you interest me in- 
 tensely. Do you read the French review, " La Revue des 
 Deux Mondes " ? I gather more of the general politics of 
 the world from that periodical than from any other source. 
 Do you find time to write amongst your many avocations ? 
 or do you feel, as I am sure I should, that your public ad- 
 dresses were quite enough to occupy your time ? I my- 
 self find writing more and more distasteful, more and 
 more laborious, but I am happy to say that I do not en- 
 joy books less than ever, and that I reflect on what I read 
 with perhaps more pertinacity than at any other time of 
 my life. Your letter gave me a delightful impression of 
 an active, bright, cheerful existence, with great duties and 
 many small pleasures. I think I may safely put you and 
 Mrs. Loomis in the category of the happy (pray give my 
 kind regards to her and my love to Daisy) -= and we on 
 our side, we too would write ourselves down in the cate- 
 gory of the happy, or at least of the contented. When 
 we are alone here together I often say that my ideal of 
 life is accomplished books country solitude and 
 society that is compatible with much solitude. To be 
 sure, I do nothing. I am very useless but this is from 
 a lack of power, not from a disposition to fold my arms 
 
PEN PORTRAITS. 369 
 
 in mere reflective indolence. I hope we shall hear again 
 from you at no very long interval, and that you may con- 
 tinue to have your health, and that we may be both still 
 giving good accounts of our respective conditions. 
 
 To Miss Mary Wrench. 
 
 NEWTON PLACE, May, 1868. 
 
 ... To tell you the loveliness of this country to-day is 
 impossible. We have had dull, misty, blurred kind of 
 days, but yesterday and all last night it rained, and to-day 
 Nature is in an ecstasy. I sit with open window, and the 
 cuckoo's "wandering voice" is wafted in on the softest 
 breezes. ... I returned grave and possibly a little sad. 
 For, oh, my chick, to whom I confide mysteries, there are 
 moods when the spirit of joy will evade joyous circum- 
 stances, and when we are surrounded by all that is pleas- 
 ant the heart in its immense solitude will take to crying, 
 " It is naught," while the lips smile falsely on. You say 
 I am one of the cheerful, and I thank Heaven for that in- 
 estimable gift, animal spirits. But I think I know every 
 phase of discontent, gloom, unreasonableness, aching self- 
 love, and the rest, which make the worst part of our 
 low spirits to say nothing of the burthen of " all the 
 unintelligible world," and the questions to which there is 
 no replying. 
 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Loomis. 
 
 NEWTON PLACE, Aug. 23, 1868. 
 
 . . . Your description of your country and mode of 
 life is most interesting, and I can quite believe that 
 your delight in your handsome horses and all the pleasure 
 and variety they afford you is much enhanced by your 
 entering into such close personal relations with them 
 winning their affections and giving yours for one learns 
 to love what one ministers to. I am sure that many of 
 us in the old country would be happier for having more 
 
370 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 varied labor, and I think I see the dawn of great changes 
 in that direction. . . . We have had visits from some dear 
 Edinburgh friends, among them a charming Mrs. Stirling 
 and her husband. She is large minded and hearted 
 one to whom your Emerson took a great liking when in 
 Edinburgh, and that I consider a feather in any one's 
 cap. How intensely I admired and revelled in his essays 
 and some of his poems in my younger days. I think I 
 should now but they are packed away with all our 
 books, waiting to be arranged in the home we shall, I 
 suspect, never fin$. The sentence looks sad, as all sen- 
 tences perhaps do that include the word "never." But 
 I do not write it with any actual sadness. Our wander- 
 ing mode of life has many advantages. . . . We are 
 alone now, and General and Mrs. Cotton have left the 
 neighbourhood the old loving friendship closer and 
 warmer, thank Heaven, than ever. But William is so 
 happy when alone that is Ms ideal. Something is 
 growing, I think, about his desk but, as I believe I said 
 before, the critic is almost too strong for the author ; and 
 besides, he is dealing with subjects where if you will not 
 assume you end by denying, and to his religious nature 
 that is not easy. Oh, the mystery of it all ! I wonder 
 whether you will take any interest in the proceedings of 
 our British Association, and in Dr. Hooker's inaugural ad- 
 dress. No one can escape some modification of dogmatic 
 theology nowadays. Happy they who retain the spirit 
 and let the letter go most easily ! I have been much in- 
 terested by one of George Macdonald's last books. " Rob- 
 ert Falconer." It must a good deal horrify the stern 
 Calvinist ministers of Scotland ; yet, in the Establishment 
 at all events, convictions are not so rigid nowadays ; it is 
 the Free Church that is still the stronghold of narrow and 
 intense dogmatism. I confess that George Macdonald's 
 position logically does not appear to me tenable but " I 
 would that I were altogether such a one as he is ! " I must 
 
PEN PORTRAITS. 371 
 
 tell you that dearest Mr. Constable came out for a night 
 one exquisite May day, bringing his Austrian with him. 
 To see the care the tall,"powerful, noble-looking man takes 
 of the poor, stone-deaf, half -blind, helpless exile ! He is 
 like a mother with some child that she believes perfection. 
 For the best part of it is, he has got out of their kindness 
 to love this little count. My dear child is now staying 
 with the Constables at their charming new house near Ed- 
 inburgh, and says that it is indescribably beautiful to see 
 the tenderness with which they all treat their guest. For- 
 tunately for him he has some literary talent, and is now 
 writing a romance. And I am translating it for him. I 
 have no paying work on hand, I 'm rather sorry to say, 
 and it is to me a very great pleasure to be of any possible 
 service to a friend of my beloved Mr. Constable. Besides, 
 I like a task. I think it is an interesting story, but it is 
 very difficult for a translator to judge. You are quite right 
 it would be death to domestic happiness to introduce a 
 stranger into a very small home circle though I really 
 believe Mr. and Mrs. Constable could have done even that 
 out of the intense pitifulness and lovingness of their na- 
 tures. I wonder whether you have read George Eliot's 
 very remarkable poem, " The Spanish Gypsy," and what 
 you have thought of it. It is a marvel of intellect, and 
 full of exquisite passages, but I think there is a but, 
 and that it does not sweep one away as poetry should, as 
 I found " Aurora Leigh " did. I read " The Spanish 
 Gypsy " dry-eyed. 
 
 W. S. to Same. 
 
 . . . The last interesting thing amongst us is the ad- 
 dress of the President of the British Association, Dr. 
 Hooker, the great botanist. I dare say it will be in your 
 hands by the time this reaches you. If you read it, you 
 will find that the doings of the prehistoric archaeologist 
 take the prominent place. You will be struck too by the 
 
372 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 bold tone which the man of science now takes on topics 
 where science and the Old Testament are thought to be 
 at variance. I know that this will not distress you it 
 ought not to distress any intelligent man. Perhaps even 
 you will not be in the least surprised by it. Only one who 
 knows England who knows the stolid, unenthusiastic, 
 but dogged prejudice of our well-dressed churchmen and 
 church women, would be aware that there is any courage 
 requisite to say what Hooker has said. Read some of the 
 reports of our Convocation, especially those of the Lower 
 House read them in their eternal battle with Colenso 
 and you will understand where English churchmen are 
 in their course of development. 
 
 I have nothing to say of myself, or I would willingly 
 say it. I am not idle, in one sense I do the best I can 
 by reading and thinking to get some idea of things in gen- 
 eral physiology and other 'ologies I strive to get some 
 hold of but in the way of writing I do nothing, nor feel 
 that I am capable of doing anything. The brain works, 
 but to no apparent result. You do as well as think, and 
 therefore lead a far more perfect life. May it last long, 
 in its cheerful and wise activity. 
 
 To Miss Mary Wrench. 
 
 Oct. 19, 1868. 
 
 [Anxious about her husband's health.] My fragile only 
 one ! Oh, it is a very fearful thing to have an only one ! 
 
 Happy are wives who are mothers ! 
 
 Oct. 1868. 
 
 Oh, the solemn, the sad, the suffering days that must 
 
 come ! I was saying to M A that I sometimes 
 
 feared that these, which are all praise or pleasure, might 
 unfit me for them ; and she said in her gentle, wise way : 
 " It is the tree that has stood in richest soil and brightest 
 sunshine that best bears the frost." God give me now the 
 gift of thankfulness ! 
 
CHAPTER XXV. 
 
 BESIDE THE SEA. 
 
 THE little book made up in later years by Mrs. Wil- 
 lett, " Lines by L. C. S.," contains these verses, dated 
 " Feb. 24, 1869, Brighton." 
 
 In the noble band of workers 
 
 Seems no place for such as I ; 
 They have faith where I have yearning, 
 
 They can teach where I but sigh ; 
 They can point the road distinctly, 
 
 Where for me the shadows lie. 
 
 Lofty purpose, high endeavour, 
 
 These are not ordained for me ; 
 Wayside flower may strive its utmost, 
 
 It can ne'er become a tree, 
 Yet a child may laugh to gather, 
 
 And a sick man smile to see. 
 
 And I, too, in God's creation, 
 
 Have my little proper part ; 
 He must mean some service surely 
 
 For weak hand and timid heart, 
 Transient joys for my diffusing, 
 
 For my healing, transient smart. 
 
 Just to fling a ray of comfort 
 
 O'er life's downcast, dreary ways ! 
 
 Just to fan a better impulse 
 By a full and ready praise ; 
 
 Pitying where I may not succour, 
 Loving where I cannot raise ! 
 
374 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 (From the Memoir.) 
 
 We had debated with ourselves whether to spend the 
 following summer in Derbyshire or Cornwall ; but I had 
 a longing to see the Atlantic break on the Bude shore, 
 having read of the waves rising there to an unusual 
 height ; and my husband, to whose more occupied mind 
 place was less important, allowed my preference to pre- 
 vail. It was a long journey to take to a spot quite un- 
 known to us, where, of course, we should not have a single 
 acquaintance. I think I never set out in a greater ferment 
 of delight than on that bright April day ! But Bude is 
 a place that has its wrong side, " a bare, sandy common, 
 and an ugly canal ; " and my husband's first impression of 
 it, given in a letter to a dear niece, was " that a more 
 dreary region could not be discovered in all England," 
 and that, " had he fallen upon it alone, he should have 
 been off like a shot the next morning." However, a little 
 accident that befell me immediately on my arrival (the 
 falling of a sashless window on my hands) so distressed 
 him as to " make it impossible to growl at the place," and 
 its own peculiar charm soon asserted itself. Later on he 
 writes to the same niece : " These ground-swells of the 
 Atlantic will spoil me for any other seas. On the coast of 
 Sussex and Kent I have seen grand seas, but I was 
 blinded or blown away in the attempt to look at them, 
 and the waves were generally dark and turbid. On this 
 coast I have seen waves as lustrous and clear as the waters 
 of the Lake of Geneva rising in all the grand forms of a 
 storm." 
 
 Our small abode at Bude was not so quiet as we could 
 have wished, but William at once set about writing on a 
 subject that had long been occupying his mind : " Know- 
 ing and Feeling." The illusion that, as I take up one 
 pocket-book after another, makes the year therein re- 
 corded seem of all our years the best, comes over me 
 
BESIDE THE SEA. 375 
 
 si?": I dwell on our Bude life. The bold cliffs, 
 
 where always there was a renovating breeze, short flower- 
 filled turf for our feet, and a glorious semicircle of sea 
 below us, where, as we stood or sat near the edge, great 
 gulls would conie soaring up from the shore, not seeing us 
 till close by, then calmly slant off their wide wings 
 foam-white in the sunshine ; or whence we watched the 
 ravens that had their nests in the rocks below tumble fan- 
 tastically in the air, how these things delighted him ! 
 The peaceful days were all made up of thinking, writing, 
 and of four short rambles on common or shore. He took 
 no long walks, felt no inclination for them ; but we heard 
 that the air of the place often disposed to lassitude, and 
 our landlady struck at first, as indeed strangers usually 
 were, with his look of fragility told me that she and her 
 neighbors noticed a marked improvement as the weeks 
 went on. The summer brought us a dear young niece ; 
 and General and Mrs. Cotton, whose presence in Borrow- 
 dale had been a delight the previous summer, now spent 
 three weeks at Bude. William, very busily engaged with 
 his own thoughts and pen, only joined in one excursion 
 that to Tintagel. In a letter to his niece Clara he says : 
 " I was very glad that I went. It was a kind of scen- 
 ery somewhat novel to me. At Tintagel you stand on a 
 rock 500 feet above the level of the sea which juts 
 out, and enables you to command a magnificent view of 
 both sides of this beautiful coast. What makes the chief 
 charm of the view are the grand, isolated rocks that rise 
 at some little distance from the shore out of the blue sea. 
 These assume various shapes, and all beautiful. But per- 
 haps the greatest novelty at Tintagel was the caves. In 
 one of these the greenest of ferns had grown over the roof 
 in the most delectable way, and the color of the rocks 
 was to me quite surprising all the colors of the richest 
 marbles dark red, green, yellow, but a sort of dull, deep 
 purple being the prevailing tint. In another cave it was 
 
376 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 not the colors one admired, but the admirable proportions, 
 the lofty roof, the form of the whole. In this second 
 cave we saw a spectacle I shall never forget. The cave 
 led through to the ocean. It was the calmest and bright- 
 est of days, but there was a ground swell, and the magnif- 
 icence of the waves as they filled for a moment the whole 
 entrance to the cave, then dashed up the spray to the roof, 
 was something to remember forever." 
 
 From the 10th of September to the 5th of January we 
 were quite alone, and the little desk was soon permanently 
 installed in the joint sitting-room. As usual, I have no 
 outward events to record. A wonderfully high tide had 
 been predicted for the 6th of October, such as would lay 
 half Bude partially under water ; but there was no wind 
 that night, and we watched the calm sea flow in the vil- 
 lage lights reflected in its perfect stillness flow in and 
 turn, having spread no further than at the September 
 spring-tides. I confess I was disappointed ; but William, 
 who never had any craving for the abnormal, was heartily 
 glad that the low-lying houses should escape the antici- 
 pated discomfort. One day we saw the rocket apparatus 
 used, but only in the way of practice. This was a novel 
 sight to both, and a great interest. The sunsets grew 
 finer as autumn advanced, and we invariably went out to 
 watch them. Even in December we could sit in the shel' 
 ter of the rocks without any fear of chill. The morning 
 and evening hours were occupied by the projected treatise 
 on Psychology ; I used sometimes to doubt whether the 
 critic would ever let the author finish it ! But however 
 intent my husband might be on this or other abstruse sub- 
 jects, he was never rendered absent-minded, never so 
 much as let the fire go out while he was writing, and the 
 moment the pen was laid down the brow was all smooth- 
 ness, the eye all light, and he as ready to listen to any 
 trifle his companion might have to impart as to share his 
 own trains of thought with her. He had indeed a rare 
 
BESIDE THE SEA. 877 
 
 gift of sympathy. Even trivial things told to him seemed 
 trivial no longer ; while as to the higher aspirations and 
 the perplexities they bring, these spontaneously took, as 
 it were, refuge in hie mind the former to gain strength 
 and support, the latter a tender comprehension that al- 
 ways lightened if it could not always remove. 
 
 To Miss Mary Wrench. 
 
 BRIGHTON, January 18, 1869. 
 
 So glad, child of my affections, to hear of all your en- 
 joyments ! I hope your stay will be prolonged a little, 
 and that you will have a little peaceful stay at the Rec- 
 tory, and return well and strengthened for trouble. May 
 it be nothing worse than change of lodgings but I don't 
 underrate that annoyance, remembering, oh, my darling, 
 oh, so well, the passionate reluctance one had in youth to 
 certain things, the feeling that they were intolerable, and 
 that Heaven and Enrth somehow must avert them, be- 
 cause we could not stand them and so ! But you are 
 calmer and wiser and better than your Zia was at twenty- 
 five. Live in the present, all you can. There may be 
 some bright hour in circumstances quite close at hand. I 
 am always expecting some " fairy prince " for my chick. 
 Yes indeed, power and wealth, rank and state, are all pre- 
 cious possessions it were folly to underrate them. But 
 one thing is certain: to those who have them they are 
 things of course ; to those who have them not they are 
 captivating to the imagination. Remembering, however, 
 the millions who have far less of comfort, graceful appli- 
 ances, pleasantnesses, than ou/selves still more, remem- 
 bering the hundreds of thousands tortured with actual 
 want one comes I think to feel rather a grateful hum- 
 ble wonder that so much should have been bestowed upon 
 one, than a longing for more. One thing is indisputable : 
 the chronic mood of looking longingly at what we have 
 not, or thankfully at what we have, realizes two very dif- 
 
378 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 ferent types of character. And we certainly can encour- 
 age the one or the other. And I know which I want my 
 darling to encourage the one her reason approves. I 
 am re-reading that marvellous book, Carlyle's " French 
 Revolution." Some great change there will be in the 
 structure of our society. The pauperizing of some classes, 
 the starving of others out of their very humanity, cannot 
 go on, if there be a God that ruleth the earth and is evolv- 
 ing the development of man. . . . 
 
 February 25, 1869. 
 
 . . . And now, with her nature deepened and expanded 
 by years of beautiful life, and companionship with a high 
 and holy nature, I do believe, dear, that she is a perfect 
 woman, such as it does one good to see, still more to be 
 with. For me, I have always told you how I thank God 
 for my friends' virtues. Very halting will my walk al- 
 ways be, very blurred my good, but I can love goodness, 
 and believe in a standard I can never reach, and take 
 some comfort in thoughts like this : 
 
 " All I could never be, 
 
 All men ignored in me, 
 This I was worth to God, whose wheel the pitcher shaped." 
 
 March 18, 1869. 
 
 ... I don't know that I ever saw William look 
 brighter or better than this morning, talking to me of the 
 social questions that interest him so intensely. These 
 earthquakes are solemn things, are they not ? How if 
 England should have to suffer as other countries have 
 done? London as Lisbon? I do believe my dear one 
 would be glad to be blown up any day, provided, the great 
 mass of pauperism which so grieves him coming to the 
 same end, society might be inaugurated upon a better 
 basis. 
 
 BUDE, November 19, 1869. 
 
 Wednesday. Such a lovely morning brilliant sun. 
 shine a blue satin sea, with very large waves, blue- 
 
BESIDE THE SEA. 379 
 
 green, and as they break their spray is driven back by a 
 slight land wind, like the hair of a maenad. Beautiful 
 exceedingly ! On such days as this, how I wish poor 
 
 dear were here. It goes to my heart to think of 
 
 her as unhappy, but I do not see how it can be otherwise 
 till something arises to give her the same sense of occupa- 
 tion and energy which poor , his constant letters and 
 
 her constant efforts for him, did. Grief is so complex a 
 thing. He was not certainly the pleasure of her life, but 
 he called her out and now comes a blank. The better 
 trained women of the future will have their sorrows, but 
 half the misery our generation goes through is lack of 
 pursuit, unfitness for any because of the defective mental 
 training we have had. Suppose now there was something 
 
 for dear to do which no one else did in her circle, 
 
 and for which they all were dependent upon her do you 
 not feel that she would be a different creature ? Lodging- 
 house life is very unfavourable to us all in this respect. A 
 home, be it ever so tiny, gives occupation. As things are, 
 change of scene is a relief, because it fills up time, and 
 keeps off the consciousness of having nothing to do. So 
 with visiting ; and indeed so with marriage for one 
 case of real sympathy of heart and soul, there are at least 
 five, I should say, where the fuller life is the real attrac- 
 tion. There is a better time coming I shall not see it, 
 but I am glad to have seen its dawn. . . But, my sweet, 
 I don't know why I am prosing on to you now ; you must 
 do as I did all my youth, and indeed you will do better, 
 for your work is skilfully done, and is a more legitimate 
 employment. Still, you must struggle with the same 
 sense of wasted faculties which drove me to seek unworthy 
 excitement till one of two things happens. Oh, I will 
 think only of one, some really happy marriage some- 
 body not too rich to live for, and so to have all your 
 sense and sweetness thoroughly called out and rewarded. 
 I think very highly of you, my child, but I do desire that 
 
380 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 you should cultivate your reason, and read books that de- 
 mand and strengthen thought. However sweet and dear 
 our friends may be, we seldom encounter those who raise 
 us open out new vistas help us to discriminate. I 
 could wish for you the companionship of an intellectual 
 man, not a lover. . . . And while I was running on at 
 full tilt and becoming tedious, in came the post such a 
 good one and having glanced at the four letters, I left 
 them and we two set out for such a delightful ramble 
 along the cliffs. What the beauty of the blue sea with 
 its exquisite surf ! Nothing equals a ground swell. 
 [There follow a score of items from the letters just re- 
 ceived, with sympathetic comments.] . . . Salcombe must 
 be sweet, but there never will be such a sea as Bude can 
 show. If you could hear the thunder of the waves ! It is 
 sad to know that such glories are going on in the middle 
 of the night. We saw such splendors this evening 
 gold in the west, the tenderest pink suffusing the east and 
 the moon rising, and then the sea the serried ranks of 
 waves, incredibly large. And in their foam, and the 
 smooth reflex of the water, such opal, iridescent, unuttera- 
 ble colors ! We have been, I may say, saturated with 
 beauty. ... As I confided to you my aged perplexities 
 about clothing, I may as well tell you that light flashed 
 in with economy. I have a velvet Garibaldi, made of 
 precious mother's cloak, with a bow behind, and an al- 
 paca skirt (black of course) with three small flounces, 
 piped with velvet. That will do quite well, with my black 
 and yellow and for evening, I hope something can be 
 done with moire dyed black. My dear old shag is al- 
 ways respectable. How charmingly warm a sealskin 
 bonnet must be ! Is it very dear ? Tell me how it is 
 trimmed. But, good Heaven ! what matters it what I put 
 on ? Only that a decent bonnet I should like, for dear 
 Mrs. Stirling's drum. . . . Clara is the gayest of the gay, 
 has guests always, I think, and a great many dinner par- 
 
BESIDE THE SEA. 381 
 
 ties. She writes in such joyous spirits, seems full of 
 energy, and writes with such affection, as if some supreme 
 blessedness must make her heart overflow. How I grieve 
 
 over dear Mrs. P 's sufferings, and how I admire 
 
 her courage and self-conquest. I am the poorest of crea- 
 tures ! Though I know and say that it is not worth a 
 thought, rheumatism has been making me restless and 
 good-for-nothing these last days. Better, I think, this even- 
 ing I dare say dear Mrs. P- would never have 
 
 named or noticed so slight a pain. Give her my kind 
 love, and say how I admire her. Not many days are let- 
 terless. Oh, how fast they pass, these days of unbroken 
 peace arid love ! What it is to live with one who is always 
 sustaining your faculties and your spirits by his ever ten- 
 der over-appreciation that courtesy which always notices 
 your merest trivialities respectfully ! We are what oth- 
 ers think us, in such great measure. Good-night, chick 
 of my heart. The dear Moly sends love to you. 
 
 BUDE, Dec. 4, 
 
 . . . What a pleasant letter you wrote me, my darling ; 
 how I enter into what you say about the distastef ulness of 
 gossip. Here is a delightful passage from Carlyle, apro- 
 pos thereof. 
 
 Nay, what is that wonderful spirit of Interference, were it 
 but manifested as the paltriest scandal and tea-table backbitings, 
 other than inversely a heartfelt, indestructible sympathy of man 
 with man ? . . . The philosopher's wife complained to him that 
 certain two-legged animals without feathers spoke evil of him, 
 spitefully criticised his goings out and comings in ; wherein she 
 too failed not of her share. " Light of my life," answered the 
 philosopher, " it is their love of us, unknown to themselves, and 
 taking a foolish shape ; thank them for it, and do thou love 
 them more wisely. Were we mere steam-engines, working here 
 under this roof-tree, they would scorn to speak of us once in a 
 twelvemonth." 
 
382 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 But so long as women are uneducated (which may co- 
 exist with accomplishments and modern languages), so 
 long as they have never generalized at all, or looked be- 
 yond what is merely personal, so long will they gossip. 
 Generally speaking, men, even average professional men, 
 don't gossip, because they have an apprehension of public 
 interests. When a man gossips, all admit he is degraded. 
 With women as yet it is too much the rule, because they 
 have so little else to talk about, thinking of little else. 
 But the change now going on will be a rapid one. Mean- 
 time, let all who feel the pitiableness of living thus upon 
 others cultivate their minds, were it only by reading 
 books that momentarily lift them out of the concrete into 
 the abstract a book of science, even if they retain but 
 the smallest gleaning. I feel a different being say that 
 some trivial thing has vexed me after reading (just 
 now) LyelTs Geology or whatever else. You, with your 
 stronger memory and clearer head for positive science 
 may do much for yourself ; and if you say " Why should 
 I ? " I would answer, that you may be cheerf uller and 
 therefore make others happier. There is an infinite sad- 
 ness in a mind left fallow. Will you not, to please me, 
 never speak against the blessed movement for the higher 
 education of women ? It is easy to laugh at " strong- 
 minded women," but oh, what an ignorant laugh it is ! I 
 have been guilty of it, and read Mill's admirable book on 
 that subject with a sense of humiliation which I think was 
 wholesome. . . . Mind you tell me all that interests you. 
 I enjoy all your pleasures do you not know I do ? If 
 you see " Good Words " for this month, peep at some 
 lines by your Zia. 
 
 A GIRL'S FAITH. 
 
 No two leaves above us waving 
 
 Are quite like in form and hue, 
 No two flowers in equal measure 
 
 Hold the blessing of the dew, 
 
BESIDE THE SEA. 383 
 
 Nothing is on earth repeated, 
 All is special, all is new. 
 
 So of all the hosts of lovers, 
 
 Now and in the days of yore, 
 Loving deeply, loving lightly, 
 
 Loving less, or loving more, 
 None have loved I hold it certain 
 
 Quite as you and I before ! m 
 
 Hearts have beat, but not as ours did 
 
 When this hope upon us broke ; 
 All our former life mere dreaming, 
 
 Till to consciousness we woke 
 In a world anew created, 
 
 By a little word each spoke. 
 
 Not as ours I for that was needed, 
 
 What belongs to us alone ; 
 Just the years we two have counted, 
 
 Just the sorrows we have known, 
 Just your strength, and just my weakness 
 
 Love ! our love is all our own ! 
 
 Written for C , June, 1869. 
 
 From " Good Words," December, 1869. 
 
 A WIFE'S WONDER. 
 
 If I had never met thee, my beloved, 
 
 As in this world, where so much waste is seen, 
 OP seeming waste, might easily have been, 
 
 I wonder what my nature would have proved ! 
 
 I am so much thy work ; thy thoughts rule mine, 
 Give them direction, lift from what is low ; 
 What grasp or play of mind I have, I owe 
 
 To the strong happiness of being thine. 
 
 I catch thy tastes, enjoy what pleases thee, 
 Learn what is beautiful from thy delight, 
 Wait on thy choosing to decide aright ; 
 
 'T is but thy shadow, any praise in me. 
 
384 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 To love, to pity, to forgive with ease, 
 
 In others' hopes and fears to claim a part 
 Are but the o'erflow of a blissful heart, 
 
 And having thee, how should I fail in these ? 
 
 If thou shouldst leave me ! in that utter woe 
 I wonder what of life could still be mine ! 
 Would mind be quench'd, and heart grow cold with thine? 
 O God ! forbid that ever I should know ! 
 BODE. 
 
 From " Good Words," December, 1869. 
 
 To Mr. Thomas Constable. 
 
 BUDE [1869]. 
 
 . . . What a mystery is the intense enjoyment of differ- 
 ent phases of nature to different minds. A golden birch- 
 tree bending against a blue sky will transport William. 
 / like, as uncultivated natures always do, the portentous 
 the storm, the flood, the ground-swell above all ! ... 
 All the Scotch firs at the head of Derwentwater gone ! 
 As the old negress truly observed, " The Lord lets dreffle 
 things happen ! " You can imagine how my heart glows 
 at the thought of Edinburgh. Much solitude with the 
 Einziger intervals of sociality with dearly loved 
 friends some homely intercourse with the few that one 
 can help that would always be my life's ideal. How I 
 shall miss Sally when we return to Newton Place ! But 
 do you know, I suspect there is a wrong side to all this, 
 and that I shrink from general society and acquaintance 
 because a woman of my age is so utterly unattractive 
 there, entirely a nonenity if not a bore ! 
 
 To Miss Edith Wrench, chiefly from Bude, in 1869. 
 
 And oh, my Edith, be thankful for what God has given 
 you, and never mind books. They are but written 
 thoughts of living men ; you '11 learn from the men and 
 women themselves. The love of reading is a great re- 
 source, but not the very avenue of wisdom. Live your 
 
BESIDE THE SEA. 385 
 
 best ; try to shun all extravagance, extravagant wishes as 
 well as expenditure. Try to believe that place does not 
 make so much difference as whether we are busy in the 
 place. I always find you a dear and congenial companion. 
 
 Economy must be attended to. That 's a fundamental, 
 simple honesty ; scarce a virtue, but soil for virtues to 
 grow in, soil without which none can grow. 
 
 I prefer the unprosperous. Perhaps this savours of self- 
 ishness, for one can do nothing for those who have all and 
 abound. I am wrong we can rejoice with them. 
 
 Oh, that I could impart to you my horror and dread of 
 debts of any and every kind ! No one can have every- 
 thing they might fancy ; there must always be an effort to 
 live within one's means or they will be exceeded ; and 
 once exceeded, good-by all comfort, all honour, all affec- 
 tion. Believe me, once in debt and a person would be 
 glad of any one's death, so it might bring a windfall ! 
 
 Let me tell you what I am looking out upon. A white 
 world (we had a quite deep snow on Saturday night) spark- 
 ling in brilliant sunshine, the sands purely white up to the 
 water's edge, the little river winding along, partially 
 frozen, the vessels slowly stealing out of the harbour, with 
 Christmas nosegays at the masthead, and every sail set 
 they look so dark contrasted with the snow. All about in 
 the little garden charming little birds (we 've been feed- 
 ing them with crumbs, and I've just sent for canary 
 seed), robins with bright waistcoats and fluffy, portly fig- 
 ures, and the most audacious pair of wagtails they were 
 both in the little room yesterday, and I caught one quite 
 easily and kissed it. What a strange love one feels for 
 " a bird in the hand," warm, fluttering, pulsing. One of 
 these wagtails eats up the crumbs at a most astonishing 
 
386 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 rate, and when he can no more walks up and down the 
 little path to the gate, keeping off the Bobuses ! 
 
 There is no gift so precious as a cheerful temper, and I 
 do believe no one thing that wins so much love. ... It 
 may indeed be more blessed to give than to receive, but 
 when the former luxury is not within one's honest reach, 
 it is blessed too to receive, from those one thoroughly 
 loves, as I do H . 
 
 If I had life to begin over again, I would learn a little 
 simple surgery. I think everybody should know how to 
 bandage properly. 
 
 Yesterday there was no stirring. Never was there such 
 wind and such sublime rain, sheets of it, quite exciting 
 to watch, the ground before us covered with water as in a 
 high tide. The day before we had had such a fine wild 
 blow along the cliffs, and I shall never forget the stormy 
 grandeur of the scene. The sea in awful shadow, the 
 black sky rent toward the north, and a broad space of 
 green blue, wondrously pure and ethereal. Near the 
 horizon a range of cloud peaks catching the sunlight that 
 we could not see, and across this space of light and colour 
 such columns of dark rain driving along. Words are poor 
 things but it was very glorious. The rain caught us, 
 and there we sheltered, so cheery and glowing, under a 
 wall with ragged gorse top, and how the wind shook our 
 gorse tent ! And even there, on the Widemouth road, 
 great foam flakes whirled along with the wild rain. In 
 the afternoon I went to the breakwater, and was there 
 long, not crossing, the foam and wind daunting me, but 
 watching the great rollers. 
 
BESIDE THE SEA. 387 
 
 To Mrs. Cotton. 
 
 BUDE, Nov. 29, 
 
 This is the dullest of wet mornings, and it occurs to me 
 that there is no better way of brightening it up than 
 writing to you. So I put by my darning, and place your 
 photograph so that you look at me calmly with hand sus- 
 pended as if in excellent listening mood. Can I bring 
 you back in thought to Bude to-day will you come 
 though it is at its worst ? Saturday was furious, rain dash- 
 ing at the panes, blurring them so that one could scarce 
 see the red river of mud that swelled up to its banks, 
 spreading over much of the sand and staining the whole 
 of the bay. Really Saturday was almost sublimely wild. 
 This morning it is only dull persistent rain. Sitting at 
 the window I watch the carts crawl along the sand, the pa- 
 tient horses having hard work with their heavy loads; 
 near at hand the building of new houses, the going up and 
 down the ladders of active, intelligent-looking workmen, 
 with straight profiles and tufty heads, who get on rapidly 
 let the weather be what it may. And rapidly coming in, 
 tossing about the bleak rocks, are rows of white waves, 
 asking only a ray of light to be beautiful. To think 
 that it is rather more than a month since I heard from you, 
 more since I wrote to you ! You have been moving about 
 so much (of course this is only the vainest excuse, but 
 anything will do in the matter of letter-writing) and do 
 
 you know, taking it for granted that you are now at , 
 
 I feel rather shy of you there, in an atmosphere so essen- 
 tially unlike that in which I have my being, and with a 
 friend excellent and admirable I well believe in many 
 and many a point where I should prove mere failure, but 
 so different a type that from her point of view I must be 
 reprehensible in most things and unintelligible in the rest. 
 Ah, my dear one, do not even open this letter down-stairs ! 
 Wait till bedtime, and let me feel I am having a chat 
 
388 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 with you and the beloved General, and then I can breathe. 
 The very retrospect of the powdered footmen and the ri- 
 gidity of Miss 's moral sense was beginning to make 
 
 me feel quite formal. Those words, " rigidity," etc., be- 
 tray me into a bit of lowest gossip. Well ! There was a 
 certain stone-breaker I had encountered in my solitary 
 springtime walks, and taken a fancy to, he was so 
 cheerful in spite of rheumatism, and so quaint in his way 
 of expressing himself. And he appreciated a little to- 
 bacco. However, I had not come across him for some time 
 when one early day in November it occurred to me that I 
 would go to his cottage with my humble offering. The 
 door was opened by a respectable woman with handker- 
 chief up to her face. I thought my friend was dead. No, 
 he had been ill and was well again, but she, the wife, was 
 suffering sadly, and there to be sure was a fearful boil on 
 the upper lip; the inflamed, tightly stretched skin ex- 
 posed to the air, and nothing to mitigate the pain. You 
 see at once what an opening for my medical skill, and 
 like all quacks I pique myself a good deal. Never was a 
 patient that responded more kindly to wet lint and oil 
 silk, and she was such a pleasant, countrified, Welsh kind 
 of woman, and gave me such a fee of apples (I had to 
 take it too), and did not turn up her nose at Liebig, and 
 in short our relations were most satisfactory when an 
 unwelcome ray of light is thrown upon the case. She is 
 
 the mother of Mrs. 's husband, the mother too of 
 
 five other sons, all entitled simply to the mother's name, 
 and brothers only on the mother's side. I positively stag- 
 gered. One must draw a line, and become rigid some- 
 where. Ah no rigid nowhere but you can under- 
 stand that my pleasure is spoiled. The worst of these 
 departures from the right is that they entail subterfuge 
 
 and deceit. Mrs. , with her first baby, has just gone 
 
 to her husband's house. Poor young man ! Naturally too 
 the young wife may not like to keep up more than can be 
 
BESIDE THE SEA. 389 
 
 helped of that relationship. I must end my gossip by say- 
 ing that the stone-breaker is really the husband, and 
 speaks with a touching tenderness of his " old woman." 
 I fear she is getting into thoroughly bad health, but here 
 where doctors are sober I dare not practise extensively. 
 And the dampness of the cottage by the canal would nul- 
 lify quinine, I fear. And so it ends like most cases with a 
 mere sigh, " The pity of it, the pity of it ! " 
 
 . . . Mr. gives a frightful picture of the open re- 
 bellion of feeling and language at Cork. Indeed, the 
 state of Ireland is enough to make anyone grave, and 
 those who viewed in a disestablished Church and a prom- 
 ised Land Bill merely sops to Cerberus will no doubt loudly 
 proclaim that they have failed to conciliate him. Never- 
 theless, " Fais ce que dois, advienne que pourra ! " Things 
 that have gone wrong so long won't come right at once. 
 Our " Times " brings us in plenty of excitement. Is not 
 dear General Cotton glad about Dr. Livingstone, and in- 
 terested about these strange underground people, the Rua ? 
 And the unexpected result of these late Deep Sea dredg- 
 ings, too ! How can any one ever be dull in such a won- 
 drous world any one, that is, who is heart-happy and in 
 health ! We have had a new book parcel, with charming 
 numbers of the " Revue des Deux Mondes." I should 
 like you to read Mr. M. Arnold's two papers in the 
 " Cornhill " on St. Paul. We 've got Browning's " Ring 
 and Book" too, hard reading rather, crabbed, con- 
 torted ; full of rough power and beauty, no doubt, further 
 on. I Ve read your beautiful Spectrum book with atten- 
 tion and delight, and shall read it again. I have come to 
 believing that all books of that nature should be read 
 twice. The days are very short, though. A little reading 
 after breakfast of some improving book ; then comes the 
 post, and the abstract gives way to the personal ; then, 
 when it is fine, we get a good walk to Widemouth not 
 unfrequently, and passing the cottage I remember how 
 
390 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 pleasant it was to rest there on the way to Nuthook ; and 
 often, dear one, I improve localities by associating them 
 with you. William and I live now all day long together, 
 and almost always walk together ; and though variety is es- 
 sential for us all, and this is too spoiling, too petting, too 
 flattering a life, and it will do me good no doubt to have 
 a little friction and a little sense of being seen through in- 
 different eyes yet I do emphatically record it best and 
 sweetest of all lives, and wish for all who are one that 
 they could be cast on a desert island, say for seven months 
 out of the twelve ! By the way, my little lines which I 
 repeated to you are in the new " Good Words." So 
 slight, it must be out of good nature Mr. Strahan put 
 them in ; but still, being from the heart, some heart may 
 echo them. 
 
 These are the " little lines." 
 
 MOODS. 
 
 Lord, in Thy sky of blue, 
 
 No stain of cloud appears ; 
 
 Gone all my faithless fears, 
 Only Thy Love seems true. 
 Help me to thank Thee, then, I pray, 
 Walk in the. light and cheerfully obey ! 
 
 Lord, when I look on high, 
 
 Clouds only meet my sight ; 
 
 Fears deepen with the night ; 
 But yet it is Thy sky. 
 Help me to trust Thee, then, I pray, 
 Wait in the dark and tearfully obey. 
 
CHAPTEK XXVI. 
 
 RIPENING YEARS. 
 
 i 
 
 (From the Memoir.) 
 
 WE left Bude, as I have said, early in January, left it 
 for Bath, and there spent three weeks under the roof of 
 my husband's old and true friend, Mrs. Haughton. In 
 my pocket-book for this year he wrote, " A new decade ; 
 the old wish : May it be a repetition of the last ! " There 
 had been several entries of the kind : " May we have 
 no new years, only the old ones back again ; " " May the 
 new year be happy as the old," etc. As we purposed 
 spending the following spring and summer in the north, 
 at our dear Newton Place, we fixed upon Edinburgh for 
 the few intervening winter weeks. I was greatly occu- 
 pied with a dearly-loved invalid friend, and spent all my 
 evenings with her. 
 
 March found us once more at Newton Place, where we 
 were welcomed and ministered to with an affection that we 
 returned. . . . This year my husband published in the 
 " Contemporary " two articles on " Knowing and Feel- 
 ing," and wrote two papers for " Blackwood's Magazine." 
 One of these was upon Dr. Noah Porter's work on the 
 "Human Intellect," for which he had, and expressed, 
 high appreciation, and which generally lay upon his writ- 
 ing-table. I need hardly say that he also read much. 
 What and how he read shall be described in words of his 
 own, written long years before, and true to the end : 
 
 " The books of a speculative man lie open quite tran- 
 quilly before him, the page turns slowly they are the 
 
392 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 things that set his own thoughts in motion, and with those 
 thoughts, whether the books lie there or not, he is chiefly 
 engaged. What he reads is all along so mingled with and 
 modified by his own reflections, that at the end of his la- 
 bours he can scarcely tell what was his own and what the 
 author's. The written words on the page have been like 
 music to a thoughtful man, which prompts and accom- 
 panies his long reverie, but itself is little heeded. Even 
 when heeded most, and carefully weighed and scrutinized, 
 the words he reads are still the mere utterance of a 
 thought that has thus been carried to him ; they are not 
 the utterance of this or that man, and bear on them noth- 
 ing of motive or character. Whilst the historian, in pro- 
 portion as he prosecutes his labours, recalls and reani- 
 mates some scene of past experience, and adds detail to 
 detail till it almost appears to be again a portion of the 
 living world, the philosophic or metaphysic labourer, who 
 is in search of first principles, and is exploring with this 
 purpose the furthest recesses of the human mind, departs 
 at every step more completely from all detail and every 
 familiar object, and gains as the result of his toil some ab- 
 stract truth, if truth it be, which after all no man seems to 
 care for but himself. Like the celebrated traveller whose 
 ambition it was to detect the source of the Nile, he leaves 
 behind him the broad stream with its fertile and populous 
 banks, whereon city and temple have been built he 
 bends his devoted course to where the river of life grows 
 more and more narrow, more and more silent as he pro- 
 ceeds and at length stands alone, in brief and troubled 
 rapture over a discovery which may still be dubious, and 
 in which no one participates." 
 
 I think I may as well sum up our summer in an ex- 
 tract from an irregularly-kept diary of mine : " July the 
 28th, 1870. . . . Here we have been for more than four 
 months, for half our appointed time. And hitherto it is 
 passing sweetly, as former summers have passed in this 
 
RIPENING YEARS. 393 
 
 almost home. Visits from different friends have been 
 much enjoyed by me, because I have had my conditions 
 of enjoyment: William has been well, and occupied thor- 
 oughly and energetically. . . . The days are all too short. 
 And as they fly by, they bring an ever-deepening con- 
 sciousness of the peerless treasure of living with one so 
 entirely beloved and lovable, with so large an intellect, 
 so gracious a nature ! 1 Never does word of detraction or 
 spite cross his dear lips ; never is he hasty, unjust, uncan- 
 did, unwise in thought or word. He ought to be an elevat- 
 ing influence. I ought to be better. We have been all 
 surrounded by hay the last fragrant cartful from the 
 meadows will now be soon carried off, and of late we have 
 had exquisite summer. The one apparent cloud over our 
 little lives is that which darkens millions this horrible, 
 appalling war. Sometimes one feels it almost wrong to 
 be so happy.'* 
 
 W. S. to Mr. Loomis. 
 
 NEWTON PLACE, March 29, 1870. 
 
 I must thank you myself although my wife will do it 
 in the letter she is going to write for sending us those 
 two lectures on Comtism. My first impression was that you 
 were the author as well as the sender of them, but I came 
 upon passages which I do not think your religious convic- 
 tions would have allowed you to write, and I afterward 
 observed the name of Fiske, put among the contents of 
 the lectures, but in such a way as to indicate, I suppose, 
 that these were a series of two of Mr. Fiske's lectures. I 
 read them with great interest. The author has studied 
 Herbert Spencer and appears in the main to agree with 
 him. He is evidently marching in the foremost rank of 
 the thinkers of our day, perhaps a step or two in advance 
 of either you or me. At least, I suspect we should both 
 pause before we admitted the Spencerian idea of the ob- 
 
 1 It may be asked, "What were the faults, the drawbacks? " I 
 answer now, as I should have done then, " / do not know them." 
 
394 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 jeet of religious worship (which I cannot distinguish from 
 Spinoza's). However difficult it may be to form an idea 
 of the personality of God, it seems to me that if we erase 
 this conception entirely and pronounce against personal- 
 ity, we may as well erase this sacred name at once from 
 our vocabulary. Pantheism gives us only wonder, and 
 the conception of the whole as in some way emanating 
 from one source. We may come to this, but if we do the 
 old names of God and religion will be little more than 
 signs of certain past ways of thinking and feeling. 
 
 It seemed to me very creditable to your newspaper 
 press that so cheap a paper as this [the New York 
 " World "] can give so much space to lectures of this pro- 
 found character or rather, it is creditable to the read- 
 ers of such papers. I doubt if any London journal would 
 do the like. . . . We lead a contented, but I am ashamed 
 to say (for my own part) a very idle life. 
 
 " Good Words " for September, 1870, contained these 
 lines by L. C. S. : 
 
 NOT ALONE. 
 
 Companions fair had I while, as a child, 
 
 I danced along the smooth ascent to youth, 
 
 Light-footed Joy, brave Hope, and Fancy wild, 
 With wondrous fairy tales, all told for truth. 
 
 Love, too, was near, and came at every call, 
 
 Flung kisses and fond words to great and small ; 
 
 But of Love's nature than I scarce took note at all. 
 
 Companions these, along youth's level way, 
 Hope, now the dearest, never left my side 
 
 But Joy and Fancy would not always stay. 
 
 And Love, drawn closer, proved with pain allied : 
 
 No longer gave she freely as of yore, 
 
 But set a price upon her priceless store, 
 
 And, e'en when best repaid, in secret pined for more- 
 
RIPENING YEAiiS. 395 
 
 Companions still are these, although I .find 
 The path grow narrow as my steps descend ; 
 
 Joy, Hope, and Fancy sometimes lag behind ; 
 Let them ! so Love keep by me to the end ! 
 
 Love changed and chasten'd careless grown of sway, 
 
 Careless how any prize her or repay ; 
 
 Caring for this alone to give herself away ! 
 
 To Miss Mary Wrench. 
 
 NEWTON PLACE, Oct. 17, 1870. 
 
 You know that my heart, always full of love and hope 
 for you, must especially overflow on the eve of a birthday. 
 But it shall overflow speechlessly. How do I know what 
 is best and happiest for you ? All this present distress 
 and perplexity may be preparing some brightness, some 
 peace, some fulness, that I can't guess at. To me to be 
 twenty, even with a few added years, seems of course to 
 be very young indeed ! But I vividly recollect the time 
 when it did not seem so and when, having as you know 
 lived through much of keen joy and bitter disappointment, 
 I did most truly believe life in the only sense of the term 
 I much cared for was entirely over; and the matronly 
 airs and premature abnegations I displayed, if ridiculous, 
 were at least sincere. Therefore I can imagine that my 
 dear child will feel a twinge of sadness, but I want her to 
 view her age from the point of view of the community at 
 large. It is only girls of seventeen who think an added 
 decade so momentous it is not even youth, to whom the 
 woman is generally more attractive than the girl. In the 
 power of pleasing in society, power of helping by sympa- 
 thy and intelligence, power of winning and returning love, 
 power of thinking, power of doing seven and twenty is 
 far beyond seventeen. Oh, do not darken your perfect 
 youth by bewailing wilfully your immature youth ! Do 
 not let the rose that has opened out to its " dainty core " 
 hang its head because it cannot " close and be a bud 
 again ! " So we may go through life, helpless, hopeless 
 
396 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 mourners for the past with heads reverted and eyes 
 blind to all glory in the future. But there is no folly 
 like anticipated wisdom. There is deep sadness for us 
 all in this remorseless course of the years first because 
 they carry us away from our prime, or that we fancied so ; 
 next because they carry us on to decay, loss, or death. 
 Deep sadness a deep all of waves and storms, so long as 
 we passively yield to it. But the moment we put our 
 hand to any work, the " going forward," which is the law 
 of our existence, is a cheerful march too. And that is 
 why I have been so anxious, oh, my darling, that your ex- 
 cellent faculties should be called out by strenuous study. 
 You will always be loved, will always have much friends 
 and social interests and much besides ; but what we are 
 is more than any having, and there does come a greater 
 amount of energy and satisfaction from mental work than 
 any variety of pleasure. And so it was I desired very 
 ardently for you an Edinburgh winter and a leading pur- 
 suit. ... I sit here and ask myself whether I am " inter- 
 fering " as says. I dare say my character has that 
 
 tendency, but I don't think I take the initiative. When 
 any one confides in me, and I seem to see the remedy for 
 the sorrow confided, the clue to the way out into the open, 
 so plainly I can't help pointing it out, pressing its 
 adoption. I am very glad your birthday finds you at Bur- 
 ton Agnes, with such dear loving friends. I 'm uneasy 
 about your cold, though, and terribly afraid you '11 bring 
 it all back by attending that tiresome exhuming. I pic- 
 ture to myself your standing long on damp ground, seeing 
 a few broken bits of pottery turned out, and at last a 
 doubled-up skeleton ! I know damp, icy feet and then a 
 lay-up must come of it, and I wish Canon Greenwell and 
 his barrow were miles away! . . . We are having the 
 wildest weather water, water everywhere. Yesterday I 
 caught Lodore finer than I had ever seen it, and scram- 
 bled about alone like an ancient jat ! I was out a long 
 
RIPENING YEARS. 397 
 
 time, and saw such beautiful things sun-gleams and 
 rain-columns. Oh, for peace ! Oh, to be and do right ! 
 That after all is Heaven. William is such an angel to 
 me. I am glad you all approved his letter. He is very 
 fond of my chick. . . . Perhaps you may yet manage 
 Edinburgh. Anyhow, the winter may have more pleas- 
 ures. My sweet child, your aunt Lucy has many things 
 in her heart. And I have a great power of " living in 
 your experience," and understand by my own feelings how 
 precious Granny craved to see me happy. May all true 
 blessedness be yours ! May you and Edith be ever more 
 and more one in your tender affection to your mother, and 
 your loyalty to each other. I believe Edith would put her 
 hand into the fire to save you pain. 
 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Loomis. 
 
 NEWTON PLACE, Oct. 18, 1870. 
 
 . . . You send us a delightful description of your holi- 
 day month. How the dear little girls must have enjoyed 
 it ! The grandmother's home is the children's heaven 
 upon earth, generally speaking, and when it is near the 
 sea it must be the seventh heaven ! Though to be sure 
 time is not standing still with the sweet Daisy, and her 
 delights on the beach are no longer those of a child. 
 What an exquisite summer home you described, and 
 how charming yours at Poughkeepsie must be. William 
 and I often talk of crossing the Atlantic, and our dream 
 always includes a peep at you. But I am too afraid of 
 the passage the illness, and the dread of drowning 
 which would alternate with the physical suffering. It is 
 more probable that we shall meet again in this Lake coun- 
 try, for when the girls are a little older you will wish to 
 show them Europe. One summer day of more than usual 
 beauty, as Mary and I were strolling before the house, we 
 noticed two strangers, and felt sure that they were a very 
 superior pair and an American pair. The gentleman very 
 
398 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 tall and thin, with a wonderful hat, intended to protect 
 against a fiercer sun than ours, and with a large white 
 umbrella besides. The lady flung herself down on the 
 grass of the field in the shade one of the trees of our 
 garden cast, and gazed at the soft hills, misty and there- 
 fore loftier than reality, in the afternoon sun that was get- 
 ting behind them ; the gentleman seemed mainly inter- 
 ested in the configuration of the nearer rocks. You can't 
 think how I longed to speak to them over the hedge, to 
 ask them to come in and have a cup of afternoon tea ! I 
 am sociable enough to long to do things of the kind not 
 to do them! For that I have not courage not that 
 blessed " certainty to please " which beauty, talents, and 
 even youth are authorized to give or that still more 
 blessed spontaneous geniality which acts without any reflex 
 action, any questioning about the impression it produces. 
 The clergyman to whom William lent your kind gift 
 [ u Boston Lectures on Christianity and Scepticism "] and 
 his wife have that geniality. They are really a remarka- 
 ble pair, with an unusual amount of the " enthusiasm of 
 humanity " about them. Mr. Borthwick looked in yester- 
 day morning, and again carried off the essays. He is re- 
 markably musical, and has given me a beautiful Hymn 
 and Tune Book to me mere tantalization, for we no- 
 mads have no piano, but I should like to send it to you. 
 ... A most exquisite season it has been, and the hideous 
 war now raging has seemed impossible under such a sky. 
 When last I wrote to you how little any one foresaw it ! 
 A.nd now one cannot realize it cannot realize the sud- 
 den and fearful reverses France has undergone. I don't 
 know whether you ever see the " Contemporary Review." 
 William has had two psychological papers in it, and oth- 
 ers will follow. But what made me think of it just then 
 was Mr. Ludlow's very interesting paper about the war. 
 I so entirely feel with him that although at first one's 
 sympathy was with Germany the aggressed, it turns away 
 
RIPENING YEARS. 399 
 
 from Germany the implacable annexer and humbler of 
 France. ... I know your friendly feelings will be glad 
 to know that the summer. has passed very happily with us. 
 I had my sweet niece Mary, my almost child, here for 
 more than three months. One other niece, Clara (can 
 you recall a very tall girl at Brighton ?), now happily 
 married, came with her first baby to the hotel near us and 
 stayed there a month. She has developed into a delight- 
 ful woman. This morning I have had a loving letter from 
 her, with a photograph of her little son, three months old, 
 and a fine chubby fellow, already developing a most 
 marked individuality, according to the happy mother's be- 
 lief! And so it is, I dare say, for always Love sees 
 truest ! Indeed Love only knows. How should Indiffer- 
 ence, or still less Dislike, gauge character? I firmly 
 accept all that loving hearts tell ine about those they love. 
 I may not see the person as they do but that 's because 
 my eyes lack the anointing, and they are right. 
 
 We have had also visits from other friends, one of them 
 the sister of Arthur Clough, who is, I think, as well known 
 with you as with us. And now we are alone, and that is 
 the best of all though variety is of course pleasant, and 
 all friends (and we see none but friends) are dearly wel- 
 come. I think the death of Dickens has been my sharp- 
 est sorrow this summer, and I do feel it as a source of per- 
 sonal happiness closed. We have had Emerson's last 
 book, full of beauty and wisdom. I have read some of 
 the essays the fourth attentively. On this great sub- 
 ject I cannot enter it is too great, and " clouds and 
 darkness " are about it. Only one thing I do feel sure of, 
 " Love is of God." My dear one has written a longer 
 note than usual. I am thankful to believe that he looks 
 well and is well his step elastic and light, always going 
 up two steps at a time, his spirits so evenly bright and 
 playful. . . . Nearly eight years since we last met but 
 we are not forgetting each other, nor do I think we shall. 
 
400 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 Much love to you both, and persuade Daisy that she re- 
 members me ! I hope you got the Dramas. 
 
 W. S. to Same. 
 
 . . . Talking of books, my Lucy despatched to you by 
 post a little volume of poems dramas written as the 
 date will show long, long ago. She did it in spite of my 
 protest. I know they are dead that they never in fact 
 lived and I am quite reconciled to their fate. I assure 
 you it is one of the last things I should do to invite any 
 one to their perusal. I have buried them long ago. 
 
 The terrible war and the state of France engrosses us 
 here, and I suppose is the great topic of interest with you. 
 How to get nations to behave with justice to each other, 
 and then how to get the several classes of which a nation 
 is composed to live equitably together these problems 
 were never brought before me more terribly than now. 
 There was no rational cause for this most awful war 
 nothing but senseless rivalry who is strongest? And 
 France in her agony is now disclosing what ? The hos- 
 tility between class and class, between rich and poor, capi- 
 talist and workman. We have not got farther than this 
 in our progress of civilization ! What is reported of the 
 state of Lyons is even more ominous than the condition of 
 Paris. We in England, cooped up in our little island, 
 with a great population of the poor and discontented, have 
 causes for alarm that you have not. So perhaps the 
 anarchy which threatens France is looked on by us not 
 with sympathy only for France, but with terror for our- 
 selves. 
 
 Extracts from Letters to Mr. Thomas Constable. 
 
 (Borrowdale, undated.) As for dear Sally, she was in 
 highest force yesterday, and her ruffled dignity when poor 
 Dinah introduced herself into the party was really amus- 
 ing. Ah, so touchingly sweet to my heart! dear old 
 
RIPENING YEARS. 401 
 
 Robert has left me a pretty stone, with a fossil of some 
 kind or other, something, he had found and kept as a curi- 
 osity. Why is it that we value the love of those we call 
 the poor with so much tenderer a value than that of those 
 who have our kind of culture ? 
 
 (Undated.) Do you know what I have been doing the 
 last three days ? Living in another world a world of 
 grace, piety, and love, exquisiteness of all kinds which 
 I think has done me some little good. I hope to be less 
 censorious, since certainly I find less difference between 
 myself and those I think most meanly of than between 
 myself and the angels of which this book, " Le Recit d'une 
 Soeur," by Madame Augustus Craven, gives the sacred 
 and touching history. I charge you to get that book at 
 once, if you have not already read it. The mother's char- 
 acter in its humility and self-forgetf ulness reminds me not 
 a little of my precious mother. The book is full of ex- 
 quisite thoughts, and the characters depicted have a love- 
 liness, an attractiveness, a perfection of grace, refinement, 
 spontaneity, which certainly I have never met with before 
 in any biography whatever. You won't mind their being- 
 Catholics. 
 
 (Undated.) Miss seems to have lived such a pale 
 
 life. I doubt if she has ever come into contact with any- 
 thing but " decencies forever " no passion, no agony, no 
 deep feeling, no strenuous effort to rise. In the long run 
 I should prefer the society of a convict. 
 
 (Undated.) I send you 's last address. Printing 
 
 is a disease, I think, with him, but he is so nice and taking 
 in so many ways, and " I 'm no pairfect mysel'," nor I 
 suppose is William so, though / find him so, and cannot 
 conceive living happily I mean / with any other hu- 
 man creature. One is so free with him, so safe thought 
 may beat its wings in sustaining, never restricting, air. 
 All other companionship is a cage, more or less wide. In 
 all others the very pleasure of it wearies in his enjoy- 
 
402 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 ment is also rest. Such is your happy experience you 
 two peculiarly blessed ones. Well, now I hurry on, for 
 the postman conies for letters now at two o'clock. The 
 other day Miss called, and having talked of Switzer- 
 land all the time (I liked that), just said as she was going 
 away, " I hoped you liked my dear Mr. Constable ! " Not 
 the remotest idea that I had ever seen you before, nor has 
 she by this time the remotest idea of it, spite of all I said. 
 
 Miss ignores one's existence so totally. There is 
 
 discourtesy in her blandest tones, therefore, because the 
 first element of courtesy is to make another feel that they 
 are recognized as entities at least, as something, even 
 if a disagreeable thing. Miss is both insolent, virtu- 
 ally so, and insincere. Yet I don't hate her, but I do 
 think her hateful. 
 
 (Undated.) It is all mystery but surely love never 
 dieth. At Bath we met some charming people, excellent 
 people in all the affairs of life, mild, indulgent in temper 
 and judgment, and they are quite enthusiastic about their 
 faith of the negative kind no God conceivable, and de- 
 cidedly no immortality ! I felt with them as one may on 
 a glacier beautiful to the eye, sunlit like the rest, but 
 deadly cold to touch. Then I saw a good deal of a dear 
 good meek soul, who after agonies of inward conflict, and 
 a night spent on the floor alone with God crying out 
 of its depths for guidance, believed itself guided to the 
 Church of Rome. And finally I had long talks with a 
 fervent semi-Swedenborgian. But all these were earnest, 
 unworldly, superior either intellectually or morally or 
 both. 
 
 (1870?) And so there is another of those absurd 
 absurd only they are so melancholy persecutions going 
 on among the U. P.'s, as well as elsewhere. Who can, 
 who does, hold to that extract from the Westminster 
 standards? It seems as though the human mind was 
 undergoing some organic change, and not only could not 
 
RIPENING YEARS. 403 
 
 believe, but could not conceive of as believable, many and 
 many a doctrine taught me in my childhood, unhesita- 
 tingly subscribed to by me till of later years, nay, never 
 questioned in words by that blessed mother of mine, who 
 was all tenderness, as you know, and would not have hurt 
 a fly, yet who was never consciously delivered from the 
 bondage of a terrific creed. Not, sweet soul, that, save 
 perhaps for herself, it ever did terrify her. Good hearts 
 are driven to bad logic in such cases. But oh, the diffi- 
 culty of the whole question the difficulty of retaining I 
 That is, I believe, the great trial of the present time to all 
 those on whom is laid the necessity of thinking, and it is 
 just the purest and best who realize the pang. A nature 
 like mine is too frivolous, too much at the call of trivial 
 interests, to feel it save in flashes ; and as regards conduct 
 there is no difficulty in knowing the right at all events. 
 
 (1870.) The sorrow the death of Charles Dickens 
 has given me I cannot put into words. All England must 
 mourn, and would have better missed, I think, any other 
 man. I feel that a source of personal happiness is closed 
 to me. Perhaps no one but a person living out of society 
 and without personal cares could so look forward to those 
 green numbers as I did. No other writer can give the 
 vivid delight this true genius gave. 
 
CHAPTER XXVII. 
 
 THINKER AND LOVER. 
 
 OF this so joyful double life a part at least of the se- 
 cret is an open one. No endowment and no propitious 
 circumstance can open the gates of this Eden save to the 
 pure in heart and the disciplined in life. How absent 
 from these two are all rivalry, ambition, jealousy ! Not 
 one pursuit or passion here that brings collision with an- 
 other's good. And they are free, too, from that which 
 so commonly mars life's joy, anxiety about material 
 things. Most of mankind are forever troubled about 
 food and raiment. This pair seem as care-free and as 
 joyous as the sparrows and lilies. But they earn the 
 freedom with a double price, which is gladly paid. 
 They limit their wants, and they husband their resources. 
 An utmost modesty of desire and a scrupulous economy 
 win for them exemption from the fear and care that 
 haunt so many households. How womanly and delight- 
 ful are the touches in the wife's letters of just an oc- 
 casional subdued regret for daintiness and prettiness 
 which they must forego ! Those very light and transient 
 regrets are all it costs them to give up the luxury and 
 elegance which are to so many the end and aim of life. 
 Luxury? Have they not love, thought, each other? 
 Elegance ? This whole glorious world of beauty is theirs, 
 this world of humanity too, by the tenure of reverence 
 and sympathy. Little does it reck them of fine clothes, 
 houses, equipages ! But there is in them no fancied su- 
 periority to responsibilities of pounds, shillings, and 
 pence ; down to a postage stamp, every expense is care- 
 
THINKER AND LOVER. 405 
 
 fully measured. So they honestly pay the price of their 
 liberty : moderate wants, strict economy, and hence, 
 nights and days undisturbed by care. 
 
 Their paradise secludes them in a way from the rest 
 of the world ; yet the wife we see preserves active and 
 sympathetic relations with a wide circle of friends, makes 
 kindly ties in every new lodging-house wherever their 
 transient home is made, becomes a gracious helper among 
 the poor. But the husband, save for her society, appears 
 almost as much as ever a recluse. That innate bent to 
 solitude, or the second nature wrought in the long years, 
 does not yield even to the spell of her influence. He 
 lives in her and in his thoughts. So interior is his life, so 
 little has it of outward action even in little things, that 
 not even her letters often show him to us in any distinct 
 picture. The finest camera cannot take photographs 
 from a life that is all thought and no action. The 
 reader may sometimes wish that of the actors in this 
 drama of two the man's figure stood out more distinctly. 
 To read the wife's story is like looking at a religious pic- 
 ture, where the face of the adoring saint glows on the can- 
 vas, but of what the saint sees only a hint is disclosed. 
 Nor can we much supply the want from other sources. 
 Those who met William Smith felt a rare charm in him, 
 but it was something so subtle, so little embodied in defi- 
 nite acts, that small record of it could be made. One or 
 two glimpses of him we may here borrow, from a friendly 
 and impartial observer, who shows him to us doubtless as 
 he appeared to those who were not of his inner circle. 
 Mr. Alexander Strahan, so often mentioned by Lucy 
 Smith, contributed to the "Day of Rest" for August, 
 1881, as one number of " Twenty Years of a Publisher's 
 Life," a sketch of William Smith ; and from it we quote 
 the most descriptive passages. 
 
 Tt was either late in 1861 or in the beginning of 1862 that 
 one forenoon Mrs. Smith called at my office. As I went for- 
 
40G WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 ward to meet her, I noticed, a step or two behind her, a slightly- 
 built gentleman, somewhat below the middle height, and no 
 longer young, though at the same time not showing age much. 
 He had stopped in following Mrs. Smith, and was, in fact, look- 
 ing disturbed, and as if, on the whole, he would rather be on 
 the other side of the door. I scarcely needed telling that I at 
 length saw the author of " Thorndale." The shyness which he 
 showed was shyness of a very peculiar kind. After the first 
 minute, it did not pain an observer to witness it. Hardly could 
 it be said that as you talked on it passed away ; it, in some de- 
 gree, stayed, but you came not to take it into account. A smile 
 of perfect graciousness began to flit over his face, and the bright 
 dark eyes met yours fully, in no way shrinking from looking 
 into your mind, and quite ready to be looked into. But for the 
 eyes, the face scarcely could be called impressive, though it grew 
 more and more interesting as you gazed. The forehead was 
 not high, but was well-formed. I afterwards found that he 
 might fairly be described as a brilliant talker, when he was once 
 roused. At this earliest meeting, however, in spite of some un- 
 concealed encouragement from Mrs. Smith, the remarks he 
 made were very brief, though always prompt and given with a 
 smile. The shyness, meanwhile, went a little, came back again, 
 and afresh faded, but towards the close of the talk it was rein- 
 stated in nearly full force on my venturing to allude to his writ- 
 ings. I found that the diffidence could become an actual em- 
 barrassment if one did not restrain the natural impulse to offer 
 words of praise. But the instant the conversation turned away 
 from himself, Mr. Smith's mind quieted again. Taken alto- 
 gether, there was, as I now try to recall that first interview, 
 something nearly boyish in Mr. Smith's bearing, a touch of 
 old-fashionedness, as though he had strayed for a minute into 
 this world out of another ; but it was another world which, if 
 not so bustling as this, was kinder, and in which everybody was 
 very sincere. Only in some such way can I try to explain to 
 myself the readiness with which you felt at full ease with one 
 who was so shy constitutionally. Mr. and Mrs. Smith were at 
 this time living at Brighton, and I very willingly accepted a 
 kind invitation that I should visit them there. 
 
 Some months passed before an opportunity for the visit of- 
 
THINKER AND LOVER. 407 
 
 fered, and when it did, and I was shown into the pleasant lodg- 
 ings they occupied, I was for a moment a good deal puzzled. 
 The gentleman who hastily rose from a writing-desk to welcome 
 me, eager to be prompt in his kind greeting, and yet a little 
 shrinking from having to offer it, was Mr. Smith, and yet 
 scarcely so. A second's gazing, helped by a smile which made 
 the white teeth flash out in the centre of a heavy beard, ren- 
 dered it all plain ; when I previously saw the author of " Thorn- 
 dale," he wore only very short whiskers on the upper part of 
 the cheek. A beard does not greatly alter some faces, but there 
 are others which it nearly transforms, and William Smith's vis- 
 age belonged to the latter class. During that too short visit I 
 first learned what a radiant gayety could be shed out of his 
 strangely shy heart upon all around him. I should not be jus- 
 tified in trying to picture the idyllic scene which their hearth 
 then, as always, presented to the visitor. But the remembrance 
 of it is very pleasant to those who ever witnessed it. Many 
 people, who had not thought out its likelihood beforehand, 
 would have been surprised to find that an acute ethical thinker 
 and recondite metaphysician could be so merry in a large part 
 of his talk. True, it alternated. In the midst of the light wit 
 some very serious reflection would from time to time peep out ; 
 even though, in the fashion of its utterer, it hurried to hide itself 
 again. The general impression produced upon you was that 
 you were in the society of a perfectly original man ; one who 
 valued at very little most of the honours and the possessions 
 prized by people in general, but who had deliberately stepped 
 aside from the ordinary ambitions, to give himself up to think- 
 ing everything out for himself, and living in his own self- 
 prompted way, undisturbed. 
 
 ... It may have the trivial interest which belongs to even 
 the peculiarities of notable men to set down among these brief 
 memories of Mr. Smith that, on our reaching home, he, and not 
 Mrs. Smith, at once proceeded to concoct tea. I hardly think 
 that word too elaborate for the occasion, since the process itself 
 was laborious, careful, minute. It was throughout accompanied 
 by a half -jocose running commentary on his part, but this make- 
 believe at fun was not allowed to interfere in the least with the 
 serious proceeding. Nobody but himself, he semi-pathetically 
 
408 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 said, would take the pains to make tea properly. Then came 
 some solemn explanations as to the rules which were necessary 
 to be rightly observed ; these, I think I can remember, involved 
 a preliminary warming of the pot, a catching the water for the 
 infusing at just a particular state of ebullition, the allowing the 
 herb to " draw " for only a given number of minutes, or perhaps 
 it was seconds ; and I know not what other critical ceremonies. 
 The result, I may state, was very satisfactory ; and Mr. Smith 
 evidently enjoyed it as much as Dr. Johnson himself could have 
 done, though a smaller number of cups satisfied him. 
 
 . . . From this time I usually saw Mr. Smith whenever he 
 came to London, and some matters of financial business brought 
 him up to town at fixed periods. On one of these occasions, I, 
 though not without a little trouble, got him to accept an invita- 
 tion to spend an evening with me at my home in Bayswater, to 
 meet some friends of my own. These included, among others, 
 Dr. Norman Macleod, who had expressed to me a strong wish 
 to make the acquaintance of William Smith. It was curious, 
 and I may perhaps be allowed to say a little amusing, to note 
 the author of " Thorndale's " shy demeanour among the group 
 of admirers he found himself surrounded by. There was, I 
 should say, not one present who did not feel intellectually in- 
 debted to him, and it was not very unnatural that they should 
 wish to acknowledge this to him, and to offer him their thanks. 
 But a compliment always alarmed William Smith. I saw him, 
 in a flutter of mental distress, turn his looks away from first one 
 and then another, who had only inflicted on him the injury of 
 offering him praise. I went to his help, and tried to protect 
 him against this paying of compliments, which most men would 
 have given much to receive. 
 
 As I now think of him, William Smith stands out a very dis- 
 tinct figure in the circle of that evening. There were men there 
 well known in literature, some more conspicuously public than 
 he ; but none of the others so differed from each other as he did 
 from them all. I should suppose that, so far as mere money 
 rewards went, he had been the least successful of that group of 
 writers. But every one of them showed him a kind of defer- 
 ence. I fancy they all felt that this slight, dark-eyed man, who 
 was as diffident as he was able, and to whom neither achieve- 
 
THINKER AND LOVER. 409 
 
 ment nor age brought self-confidence, had made more personal 
 sacrifices for letters than any other there, and in a certain sense 
 had done their common vocation most honour, by pursuing liter- 
 ature more completely for her own sake. Dr. Macleod, after 
 some talk with him, took occasion to whisper to me, " Smith has 
 more brains than all the lot of us, and a heart as pure as a 
 woman's. I wish I could meet the man every day." 
 
 Some such opinion, and some such wish as this, William 
 Smith inspired in all who were brought into contact with him ; 
 and this without seeking it, or even desiring it, anxious only that 
 people would not talk of him, or think of him, but pass him by. 
 It was not possible to lend yourself so entirely to his shyness. 
 Some words, despite his silence and shrinking, were sure to fall 
 from him, which sounded like things spoken from a higher plane 
 of living, and you recognized in his simplicity a wise originality 
 which witnessed to you that you were communicating with a stu- 
 dent of the most perfect ideal type, who was dealing with the 
 facts of experience at first hand, and so was able to dispense 
 with conventionality. 
 
 In his letters to Mr. Loomis, there are occasional 
 touches of regret at his being, as he says, an " idler." 
 The wish that he might have had more of active occu- 
 pation, a freer mingling with men and women as his wife 
 mingled with them, can hardly fail to occur to the 
 reader. Whether his extreme seclusion was an innate 
 necessity of his nature, it is in vain to ask. Nature, or 
 circumstance, with how large an influence from voluntary 
 acquiescence no one can say, had set him in a solitude 
 of spirit, apart from his kind. Across the gulf his wife 
 came to him like an angel, and made almost a heaven for 
 him. She went freely to and fro, always closely compan- 
 ioning him, but one also with her kind. But he, save for 
 loving ties with some who were near of blood, had his 
 only society in her. To the end, as at first, it was with 
 him, 
 
 " Thee, Nature, Thought that burns in me 
 A living and consuming flame." 
 
410 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 And in that element of thought lay his real communion 
 with mankind at large. Whatever treasures he found 
 there, he was eager to share. In action, in lineament 
 in flesh and blood, so to speak he is somewhat shadowy 
 to us, but in his books we feel the throb and thrill of the 
 currents of his heart and brain. 
 
 He completed no book after " Gravenhurst." Possibly 
 he might have done so had he had the stimulus of a more 
 marked success for that book and for "Thorndale." 
 They found many admirers, lovers not a few, but hardly 
 the unmistakable award of a genuine and great success. 
 The wife's letters of later years tell that her husband had 
 some feeling of discouragement from their want of suc- 
 cess, and that once he said, " with such a light leaping 
 up in the brown eyes," " They will reprint them when I 
 am dead ! " Shyly as he shrank from open praise, he 
 needed the encouragement of recognition. Every man 
 who writes for the public needs and needs all the more 
 if he be truly modest a fair measure of success, to cer- 
 tify to him that his work is worth doing. This disappoint- 
 ment, like earlier ones, was borne with equanimity ; even 
 to the partner of his inuiost thoughts there was scarcely a 
 complaint but it perhaps had an effect in preventing 
 further attempts. Thenceforth, his principal work was a 
 continuation of the reviews in " Blackwood." But he was 
 always thinking, pondering, fascinated by the problems of 
 existence and with occasional purpose of embodying the 
 results. The nearest approach to such an embodiment 
 was the three essays on " Knowing and Feeling." To 
 these, after his death, his wife added a fourth, from his 
 manuscript, and they are published as a treatise by them- 
 selves in the volume which also contains u Gravenhurst " 
 and the " Memoir." 
 
 A severe task it is to read this " Knowing and Feel- 
 ing: a Contribution to Psychology;" yet to the serious 
 student a richly repaying task. The style is lucid, but the 
 
THINKER AND LOVER. 411 
 
 lines run along the abstrusest provinces of thought. It is 
 an essay in psychology by the introspective method. The 
 standpoint is that of the Evolutionist. Our author's ex- 
 position begins at the dawn of human consciousness, and 
 leaving on one side man's " poor relations," and 
 perhaps his ancestors, he studies the progress of man 
 as the development of twin faculties, knowing and feeling. 
 Both sensation and cognition are present, he maintains, 
 in the earliest rudimentary consciousness of man : along 
 this double line he grows. Sensation flowers into pas- 
 sion ; cognition at first the mere perception of a resist- 
 ing substance encountered through the muscular move- 
 ment of the body passes up through various forms of 
 sense-perception into ever fuller knowledge of surround- 
 ing objects. Passion and knowledge act and react on 
 each other ; the original simple passions of love and hate, 
 becoming objects of reflection, are discerned as of differ- 
 ent worth; love is thereby encouraged, and hate is 
 restricted. Revenge is slowly modified into justice, and 
 justice rises into higher forms. Out of pleasure in the 
 approbation of others, and suffering in their disapproval 
 (a judgment and a feeling blended, both in those who 
 exercise the approval or disapproval and in those who 
 receive it), grows a sense of accountability, of moral re- 
 sponsibility. While thought educates and purifies emo- 
 tion, emotion renders back an equal service by stimula- 
 ting thought. So there is a perpetual, orderly growth. 
 The order is universal not even to the human will be- 
 longs arbitrariness or caprice ; the action of the will is 
 swayed by the antecedent conditions of the individual; 
 and the compatibility of this view with a system of re- 
 wards and punishments, and with moral development, 
 is ingeniously and effectively set forth. 
 
 This is a rough and imperfect hint of the main lines 
 of thought. It is a treatise requiring such close study 
 that we cannot to advantage illustrate it by large quota- 
 
412 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 tion, as was practicable with " Thorndale " and " Graven- 
 hurst." Its views are in line with modern knowledge, in 
 sympathy with much that is current in modern spec- 
 ulation, yet so independent and at points so divergent 
 from the now prevalent philosophies that it cannot be 
 classed under any of them. The author ranks himself 
 neither with the sensational nor the intuitional school of 
 psychology. As against the. former he maintains that an 
 element of real knowledge coexists with sensation even in 
 the earliest stages of human consciousness. As against 
 the intuitional school, with its assertion that the mind is 
 endowed from the first with certain highest truths, he 
 holds that it is not in the earlier but in the later stages 
 of human development that we must look for the most 
 authoritative principles. 
 
 The treatise, of about a hundred pages, shows in the 
 last chapter, on " Our Passions " (supplied by the wife 
 from the husband's manuscript), that the writer had in 
 view a continuation into broader fields. The chapter be- 
 gins, " Before we approach the problems of Sociology, we 
 should frame for ourselves some distinct ideas of man as a 
 social being ; " and it ends thus : " Having thus seen the 
 elasticity and growth of human passion following, in 
 short, human knowledge and change of outward circum- 
 stance we are somewhat better prepared to enter on a 
 survey of the past with some hope of dimly foreseeing the 
 future." The frustration of this purpose is peculiarly 
 tantalizing, because both in " Thorndale " and " Graven- 
 hurst" the passages dealing with psychological analysis 
 fall far short, in interest for the general reader, of what 
 may be called the sociological chapters. 
 
 There is much in the treatise, which, if assimilated and 
 familiarized, yields very fruitful applications both to social 
 administration and personal conduct. But the abstruse- 
 ness of its fundamental lines, the remoteness from the 
 familiar and homely interests of men, accords well with 
 
THINKER AND LOVER. 413 
 
 those moods of rapt absorption in which we see that our 
 thinker passed much of his life, moods which he has 
 portrayed graphically in the passage which his wife cites 
 in the preceding chapter. 
 
 At a single point we detach from the closely-wrought 
 structure of the essays certain passages which touch a 
 question of great practical moment. They occur in the 
 discussion of the Will. The author's analysis of the Will 
 beyond its primitive significance of " the relation be- 
 tween the psychical and physical properties of man " 
 resolves it into a combination of desire and knowledge. 
 " A mere mental resolve to perform a certain action at a 
 future time can be nothing but thought and desire, some 
 combination of our old familiar elements of judgment and 
 feeling." But that he recognizes a substantial reality un- 
 der what is generally called free-will is made very clear. 
 
 If the advocates of free-will only demand the acknowledg- 
 ment of an intellectual energy which none of us can sound or 
 fathom, and which is the last gift from the hand of God, I for 
 one have no controversy with them ; that such energy must at 
 each stage receive the conditions on which it works is also a 
 truth which they, perhaps, on their side would feel bound to 
 acknowledge. (Page 437.) 
 
 But unquestionably modern knowledge does greatly 
 limit that freedom of the will which was claimed when 
 men knew less of the interdependence of body and mind. 
 And it is of the highest interest to see how the new esti- 
 mate can be adjusted to the moral necessities of the indi- 
 vidual and the society. It is on this head that we cite 
 some passages, whose large wisdom may be felt without 
 committing ourselves to any theory on the nature of the 
 Will. 
 
 Though we assign to him to each individual man the in- 
 divisible soul we are all in imagination so familiar with, is not 
 this new entity itself reacted on by the material instruments it is 
 
414 WILLIAM AND MARY SMITH. 
 
 compelled to employ ? These nerves, this brain, are its slaves, 
 and its tyrants also. They receive impressions or modifications 
 from the very work they are engaged in, they grow this way or 
 that by their very activity (growth which we call habit), and will 
 at length perform work only of one kind. So the past comes to 
 determine the present. In this, or some other way, man finds 
 out that there is within his own little kingdom of mind, or self, 
 an evolution, in which what has been determines what will be ; 
 determines it to us, to our apprehension, who see only the 
 growth, and cannot dive down to the grower, whether of the 
 plant or the mind. 
 
 If this be so, the startling reflection occurs, What becomes of 
 our moral responsibility ? Do we not punish this or that scoun- 
 drel in the firm faith that it depended on himself, at every mo- 
 ment of his life, whether he would be a scoundrel or not ? How 
 can I continue to punish him, or to punish him with the same 
 sense of justice, if I am to believe that he grew into a scoundrel 
 by the laws of nature laws somewhat more complicate, but of 
 the same kind, that grow a tiger or a domestic dog ? And, 
 moreover, if I myself am the person punished, in what spirit am 
 I to receive my punishment? Good for the whole, you say. A 
 necessity is imposed on society to punish, and it is a necessity 
 for me to submit. Perhaps I may profit by it. But what of 
 this sentiment of remorse of self-reproof ? If crime was a 
 misfortune or a misery in some other man, it was but a misfor- 
 tune and a misery in me. (Pages 373, 374.) 
 
 Presuming we have arrived at the conclusion that mind and 
 matter, psychical as well as physical qualities, are all parts of 
 one stupendous scheme, parts of that harmonious whole we 
 ascribe to the Infinite Power, which again manifests itself to us in 
 that whole presuming that some such philosophical doctrine 
 were generally accepted, what would be its influence on our 
 moral sentiments ? 
 
 I can well understand that a man with very vague notions 
 about desert and punishment might, on first becoming acquainted 
 with such a philosophy, be disposed to extract from it an excuse 
 for self-indulgence. He has offended some one, who threatens 
 punishment, and he pleads the necessity of the case, that "he 
 could not help it " that, in short, his passions were too strong 
 
THINKER AND LOVER. 415 
 
 to be controlled. Some such colloquy as the following might 
 take place : 
 
 "But you could help it," the offended man might retort. 
 " You had the two courses of conduct placed before you, and you 
 chose this" 
 
 *' Very true ; I chose. But then, as you know, I had certain 
 habits and tastes, and but a certain amount of knowledge. I 
 could not choose otherwise." 
 
 " It was your duty not to let such habits and tastes, as you 
 call them, become predominant. It is the first purpose of every 
 intelligent man to form his own character ; you had the power 
 to watch over yourself, and to check your* self-indulgences." 
 
 " True again ; but you know as well as I do that I could not 
 exercise a supervision over my own habits and tastes, with a 
 view to the formation of my own character, unless I had this 
 very purpose of forming a character. My power here is simply 
 an acting or thinking under the influence of such a purpose. 
 Now no such purpose has ever grown up in me, or it has been a 
 plant of an extremely feeble description. I have been chiefly 
 occupied with such chance pleasures they have been few 
 enough that came within my reach. You, I believe, have had 
 this solemn purpose of forming a character ; I congratulate you 
 upon it ; in me it has not been evolved." 
 
 Here the offended man will probably break off the colloquy. 
 " All I can say is this," he will ultimately reply, " that if you 
 do it again I will so punish you that you will choose better for 
 the future." 
 
 And if this is an earnest threat it will very likely be effectual, 
 and lead to some better choice on the next occasion. It may 
 also lead our tyro in philosophy to some reflection on the nature 
 of punishment. Based on the past deed, its operation is really 
 prospective. It stands between the past and the future. It is, 
 in short, an instrument of education ; a coarse instrument, but 
 indispensable. 
 
 Moreover, even the offended man, when his anger has sub- 
 sided, may gather something from such a colloquy. He, too, 
 will be led to reflect on the nature of vice and its punishment. 
 He knows that in some extreme cases society can think only of 
 self-defence. It either exterminates the criminal or incarcer- 
 
416 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 ates him, just as we are compelled to shoot a tiger or shut it in 
 a cage. But these cases excepted, he too will note that punish- 
 ment is in its nature a mode of education, and a mode not to be 
 resorted to while there are other blander or more effectual 
 modes within reach. 
 
 What gain could it be to an individual to relieve him from 
 punishment on the plea that passion and habit were too strong 
 for him, and that he " could not help it ? " The more need that 
 society should come to his aid and help him " to help it." What 
 are any of us without the control of society ? 
 
 Look into the village school. Here is an idle boy who 
 lounges, and sulks, and slumbers over his book. In fact, he is 
 fat, and lethargic in his temperament. A physiologist will sug- 
 gest good reasons for his indolence. He cannot help it. Left 
 to himself he cannot. But the schoolmaster comes to his assist- 
 ance, applies reproof, shames him in the eyes of his fellow- 
 pupils ; if need be, applies the cane. The boy struggles through 
 his task. Thus stimulated, he becomes intelligent of something 
 beyond marbles and peg-top. Would it have been kindness, 
 would it have been well, for him or the community, if the plea 
 *' he could not help it " had been listened to, and the lethargic 
 temperament left in undisputed predominance ? It was pre- 
 dominant, and for that reason, doubtless much to his regret, the 
 schoolmaster was compelled to administer the sharp stimulant of 
 the cane. (Pages 377-380.) 
 
 Public punishments, such as are administered by the laws, are 
 administered by the whole society, by the whole community, for 
 its own interest and self-preservation. I have heard it asked, 
 Why should a man be punished as an example for others 
 why should he be sacrificed to the good of society ? And there- 
 upon I have heard the querist endeavour to satisfy himself by 
 some eternal fitness between punishment and crime. The cul- 
 prit deserved, and therefore he was punished. The culprit de- 
 serves no punishment at all, unless you can prove, first, that he 
 committed the crime ; and, in the second place, that the pun- 
 ishment of it is for the good of society. It is precisely this very 
 element of the good of all that makes the punishment a right- 
 eous punishment, that makes it deserved, that makes it justice, 
 
THINKER AND LOVER. 417 
 
 and not mere revenge. The man punished is one of the all. 
 Would he renounce this solidarity? (Page 381.) 
 
 As in punishing a criminal we put ourselves between the past 
 and the future, punish the deed done to secure a better doing 
 for the future, so we must desire the criminal also to put himself 
 between the past and the future, to reproach himself for the 
 deed done, and at the same moment resolve on better life for the 
 future. We have no desire that he should inflict misery on him- 
 self ; that leads to no good result. If it were possible for him 
 to rest wholly in his remorse for the past, the sentiment would 
 be of no avail. Penitence that leads to better life is the noblest 
 of sentiments ; but it is noble in proportion as the sad penitent 
 directs his steps to wiser courses. A remorse that shuts a man 
 up for self-torture does not commend itself to us. " You have 
 done wrong ; you know it and you feel it ; go now and do right ; 
 show your sorrow in your better life." That is the language we 
 expect to hear from the lips of intelligent men. Remorse that 
 contemplates any other expiation than the better life for the 
 future leads to superstitious practices. Again and again has 
 society witnessed this spectacle : men and women have had re- 
 morse, have expiated their vices by some self-torture, some ret- 
 ributive punishment self-inflicted, and gone back into society 
 ready to reproduce the same vices. There is no expiation for 
 an old crime but a new virtue. (Page 382.) 
 
 With maturer intellect he comes to understand how individu- 
 als grow each in his own environment ; he becomes more toler- 
 ant of the criminal, less tolerant of the crime; he wants to 
 attack this last in every way imaginable stifle it,- if possible, 
 in its birth. Morality takes the shape of a great desire desire 
 of excellence in others and in himself desire of a completed 
 society to be obtained only by the cooperation of each member 
 of it. For such is the nature of the human hive. It forms the 
 individual, yet itself is only an assemblage of individuals, 
 each leading his own intelligent and passionate existence. Add, 
 too, that such desire is sustained by the knowledge that it is 
 shared with other minds around him, who will esteem and 
 love him in proportion as he possesses and acts upon it ; sus- 
 tained also by the knowledge that it is one with the laws of 
 God. 
 
418 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 Surely, to believe that God has created a world which pro- 
 gresses in part through the progressive purposes of man will not 
 check the growth of such purposes. (Page 383.) 
 
 Our thinker is as he is, and cannot be made otherwise. 
 If he urges unrestingly the intellectual probe, plies perpet- 
 ually his tools of analysis, to do so seems a necessity 
 laid upon his spirit. And beautiful is it to see how his 
 separation and helplessness amid the ordinary world of 
 men wakes in the wife's heart a special tenderness, like a 
 mother's for a child. She has told us that a successful 
 and. prosperous man could scarcely have won the unre- 
 served homage of her nature, but she gave it all to this 
 lonely thinker. Her admiration for him, and delight in 
 his society, blends subtly with her perception of his utter 
 need of her care-taking. His incapacity to fit himself to 
 the actual world is perfectly illustrated by one incident 
 which she tells to his honor : how, while poverty seemed 
 an insuperable barrier to the union for which they both 
 longed, he was offered employment in translation, at a 
 compensation of three hundred and sixty pounds, 
 wealth, for such modest wants as theirs. But, " he needed 
 the time for his own thinking," and he felt u a certain in- 
 sincerity " in translating an author whose opinions differed 
 from his own ; so there is no sign of even considering the 
 offer ! A sort of celestial child this, straying quite help- 
 lessly among the paths of earth. But he is not forgotten 
 of Heaven, which sends him for his guardian angel one 
 who shall be as it were both wife and mother. A divine 
 impulse it is which urges her to make good to him every 
 lack. He starves for society she will be to him society ! 
 To his thoughts the world does not greatly care to listen 
 her ear welcomes every whisper. " Thou art my gold, 
 thou art my fame ! " those words are her passport to 
 the woman's heaven. At the outset she does indeed at- 
 tempt some gentle urgency she speaks of it as " some 
 conventional prompting," but surely a most wifely im- 
 
THINKER AND LOVER. 419 
 
 pulse it was to draw him into a more active world. 
 But he makes characteristic reply, and she loyally accepts 
 thenceforth his mode of life, not only as his necessity, but 
 as fit and best. Nay, so perfectly does her nature mould 
 itself to his, and so absolute is the satisfaction he yields 
 to her, as if heaven had decreed that to her soul alone 
 should be fully opened all that spiritual beauty in him 
 which expressed itself to others only in bright transient 
 glimpses, so complete is this union of two in one that 
 she finds their dual solitude the supremely happy condi- 
 tion. " The gift of God," and His lovely miracle ! 
 
 The intensity of her love for him is apparent in every 
 word she utters, but its nobility is appreciated only when 
 we see how sweetly she accepts the fact that his deepest 
 interest is fastened on the unseen realities. There is 
 something in their union that recalls Milton's line : 
 
 " He for God only, she for God in him." 
 
 To be in that sense second in his thoughts, while he is 
 first in hers, breeds no dissatisfaction in her. 
 
 The quality in him which inspired her homage is illus- 
 trated to us by nothing better than his unvarying tone of 
 sweetness and reverence toward that world of humanity 
 in which he could never play an active part. Over-fine 
 he seems for this world, but never a word do we catch of 
 complaint against it as rough or harsh or coarse. If he 
 finds small place for visible usefulness, he takes blame 
 only to himself. He lives in a surging and troubled 
 time: faiths and doubts, nationalities and classes, are 
 clashing and jostling ; on that sublime strife his eyes and 
 heart are fixed. His voice is not much listened to, 
 what matters that ? To see that the movement of man- 
 kind is forward, and God-led that absorbs him, that is 
 enough for him. 
 
 " Well roars the storm to them that hear 
 A deeper voice across the storm." 
 
420 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 Yet we can see that even in his estate of happiness he 
 feels in some degree the shadowing presence of life's un- 
 answered questions. Her letters show that there are hours 
 when she too feels the shadow's presence, the intense, 
 the even painful longing for a clearer knowledge of the 
 truth. We recognize that her transition, under her hus- 
 band's guidance, from old beliefs to new ones, is not 
 certainly in its immediate results an entire gain. In 
 the creed of her youth, as she held it, the elements of 
 cruelty and terror were practically ignored, or received 
 only some dim theoretical assent. What Christianity 
 essentially means, to such natures as her mother and her- 
 self, is an unselfish rule of life, the sense of a fatherly 
 care (" our Father knoweth what things we have need 
 of"), and the soul's absolute safety in a Divine lover and 
 Saviour the " Rock of Ages cleft for me." We miss, 
 in the ways of thought into which she followed her hus- 
 band, the nearness and tenderness of that personal trust. 
 The outlook is wider: whatever of beneficent destiny is 
 discerned is for the whole of mankind, instead of a frac- 
 tion of it; "there is no outside to our Father's house." 
 But, that word " Father " no longer rises spontaneous 
 toward the supreme Power. It is revered, studied, obeyed, 
 but can it be loved? Is there longer possible that 
 " perfect love which casteth out fear ? " 
 
 Such doubts, we see, send sometimes a deep shiver even 
 through the peace of this happy pair. Doubts they should 
 be called, not denials. Nor does the relinquishment of 
 the old creed necessarily involve the permanent loss of that 
 temper which accompanied and glorified it. The filial 
 spirit in man toward his Creator is not the exclusive pos- 
 session of any theology. How much that is filial mani- 
 fests itself in this thinker what reverence, obedience, 
 submission ! But there is a certain glad confidence, a 
 trust which is joyful where submission is only humble 
 and this " faith " is at the heart of the New Testament, 
 
THINKER AND LOVER. 421 
 
 breaking out there, in such words as " Beloved, now are 
 we the sons of God ! " " And if children, then heirs, 
 heirs of God, joint-heirs with Christ ! " May we not say 
 that such faith as this is a rightful possession of humanity, 
 which, once acquired by the race, may be sometimes ob- 
 scured, but always victoriously reasserts itself, deepens, 
 and through the passing chill of changing thought emerges 
 at last into warmer radiance ? Is it not this faith at the 
 heart of the Christian Church, and even of Catholicism, 
 which gives a vitality that no errors can quench ? 
 
 And of this pious and beautiful thinker may we not 
 surmise that it is an incompleteness and disproportion of 
 life that hinders this confident gladness, this joyful trust ? 
 Faith is nourished and exercised by Love and Action ; 
 love he has found, but from action his life-long habit still 
 bars him. The uplift in the universe, the present sustain- 
 ing Divinity in man, is scarcely felt except by the soul 
 that plies its energies as the strong swimmer breasts the 
 waves. Service, hardihood, valor these win the great 
 prize. " The Kingdom of Heaven is conquered and the 
 stout-hearted make it their own ! " 
 
 The shadow of the husband's uncertainties touches 
 sometimes the wife on what thoughtful mind does not 
 that shadow sometimes fall? But she is wrapped close 
 and warm in a great love, a great happiness. " Love is of 
 God ! " that always stands a rock beneath their feet. 
 For the present need it suffices. 
 
 It is perhaps not the completed and systematic treatise 
 which best displays the personal lineaments of the author. 
 These we seem to catch more truly, more distinctly, in the 
 passing thoughts jotted down as they occur, and nearest 
 resembling the spoken word, the every-day phrase and in- 
 tonation. A few such thoughts taken from a collection 
 copied by his wife from a note-book which she thinks be- 
 longs to 1863 or 1864 may give us one more glimpse of 
 this pure and delicate spirit. The passages are headed 
 
422 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 Cornelius Winter loquitur. (The wife's handwriting is 
 ordinarily a difficult one to read, but all of this note-book 
 is copied with the clearness of copperplate.) 
 
 POVERTY IN CITIES. The poor ragged woman, at night in 
 the cold damp streets, is singing the same sweet air I heard at 
 the Opera singing it after her fashion. She begs her bread 
 by these strains, devoted to pleasure and love. She makes the 
 most refined of melodies the wail of her own hunger and dis- 
 tress. I know no wail of distress so utterly miserable as this. 
 
 OPINION. There is no fetter like the golden opinion of soci- 
 ety, no restraint more wholesome. Yet he who would be a 
 prophet or a teacher must be able to throw this gold, like other 
 gold, away. 
 
 COURTIER AND VALET. The silent, deferential manner of a 
 well-bred servant, valet, or butler, in the establishment of a no- 
 bleman, is much the same thing as the manner of the nobleman 
 himself when he figures as a courtier in the palace. Both are 
 proud of playing their part well. In both there is a self-respect 
 in their disciplined humility. In both the deference has as 
 much of pride as humility. 
 
 ASCETICISM. Asceticism is self control gone mad. The mor- 
 alist repudiates the lower for the sake of the higher. The as- 
 cetic thinks there is virtue in simple repudiation. Self-sacrifice 
 is properly the choice of the highest, accompanied necessarily by 
 a sacrifice of the lower. The ascetic separates what should be 
 one act of choice, and finds a virtue in the self-renunciation 
 alone. 
 
 CONTENT. O children of men, he would say, is there 
 not a heaven of beauty, by day and night, arched over you ! 
 Can you not read herein the presence of your God ? How know 
 you that in other regions his presence is otherwise made 
 known ? He is visible always in his works can He be visible 
 in any other way ? Aspire ! But you will aspire only to other 
 skies. Aspire, but be happy under these, or under what other 
 skies are you sure of happiness ? " The kingdom of heaven is 
 within you." You live always in the Infinite as well as in the 
 Finite. 
 
 SNOWDON. You see the mountain, from the necessity of the 
 
THINKER AND LOVER. 423 
 
 case, must separate himself a little from the rest of the earth. 
 Our Snowdon as he rises gets his shoulder out of the crowd. 
 
 MORAL RULES. Here is an instance of their growth, though 
 on a limited subject. In England it is a rule of commercial 
 morality that the tradesman should have one price for all cus- 
 tomers. No such rule is established in an Eastern bazaar. 
 Each transaction is a separate bargain ; the morality of the 
 market sanctions the best price that can be got; and the 
 stranger must suffer from his ignorance. 
 
 THE CULTUS. You may read in Prescott's History how the 
 ancient Mexicans used to congregate in a public square, decked 
 out in all their feathers, to greet the sun at his rising. They 
 shouted as he rose. I prefer to open my casement silently, and 
 to look out alone. 
 
 HYPOCRISY. On the greatest subjects on which human be- 
 ings can think, there ought not to be an habitual systematic 
 hypocrisy. Nor is there amongst the multitude. But in our 
 educated classes there is. But this is not to be wondered at. 
 A free-thinker who does not see an absolute gain to society by 
 the substitution of his own faith or opinion for the popular faith 
 can have no motive for sincerity. There will be this hypocrisy 
 till the moment comes when a new and simpler faith brings in 
 some new enthusiasm on the side of virtue. 
 
 TERROR. How have we been tortured into goodness. What 
 a tragedy has here purified us by tears ! 
 
 PROGRESS. I no more wish you to be eternally occupied with 
 progress than forever occupied with your immortal state. Live 
 your best do your best progress and immortality will take 
 care of themselves. 
 
 INDUSTRY. During the French Revolution a mob of men 
 had somehow persuaded themselves that food and clothing were 
 to be got out of Liberty and Fraternity. Liberty and Frater- 
 nity may be excellent things, but they will not do the work of 
 Industry. Food and clothing are not to be got out of political 
 enthusiasm, however exalted. 
 
 HEREDITARY SIN. I have read a statistical account which 
 shows that two thirds of our criminal population were born of 
 parents who themselves were more or less criminal belonged 
 to the race of vagabonds and thieves. Apply your doctrine of 
 
424 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 compensation here ! Who could demand it better than these 
 criminals? The very ill temper, the hateful passion which 
 made them criminals, are part and parcel of their miserable lot. 
 
 NOBLESSE OBLIGE. They who see must get out of the way 
 of the blind. The blind cannot take care of them. 
 
 EPITAPH engraved under the image of a lute : 
 Placet, Tacet, Jacet. 
 
 It speaks, however, of regret only and the past. At the boun- 
 dary between this world and the next, two conflicting streams of 
 sentiment meet; combine they do not, but they possess the 
 mind in turn. Our friend is dead our friend is living ; he is 
 lost he has but gone before ; we weep, we rejoice ; we believe 
 at the same time in death and immortality. 
 
 Two PRAYERS. The weak in their despair at the injustice of 
 the strong called upon the gods to help them. And the gods 
 heard their prayer. They sent a fear upon all human hearts, 
 and one that crushed the wicked in his pride of strength. 
 
 The time has come when the violence of wicked men is sub- 
 dued and strength lies with the many and peaceful. Mean- 
 while this fear haunts the gentle and the meek. They pray to 
 the gods to relieve them from it. 
 
 And this prayer also the gods I think will hear. 
 
 DOUBT. Doubt is distressing, I admit. One says, Revelation 
 has removed the distress. It has increased it. Still more dis- 
 tracting doubts arise about this revelation. But even augmented 
 thus, better the doubt and the free career of reason, than a 
 truth and a command subjecting the reason. 
 
 THE YOUNG LEAF. Our fruit-trees generally send forth their 
 blossoms first, before the leaf, apparently that these may have the 
 full benefit of the sun. An apple orchard is one cloud of pink 
 and white blossoms a dazzling picture. But I like better the 
 more ordinary procedure when the young leaf comes out alone 
 upon the bough, and in its uncertain tint of gold or green itself 
 seems half blossom and half leaf. And see, when you approach 
 and look closer into it, how the young leaf rests partly coiled up 
 in some sheath like the young of living creatures, gathering I 
 know not what of tenderness out of its very imperfection. It 
 was fortunate for him that the gentle Brahmin who first made 
 it religion not to destroy an insect did not carry his amiable 
 
THINKER AND LOVER. 425 
 
 disposition one step further and feel that he could not hurt the 
 young budding leaf. I feel myself something of the same re- 
 luctance to crush a bud as to kill an insect. 
 
 FROM THE GERMAN OF UHLAND. 
 
 She came she went a fleeting guest, 
 
 And trackless in our busy land. 
 Whither ? and whence ? From rest to rest, 
 
 Out of God's hand into God's hand. 
 
CHAPTER XXVIII. 
 
 PARTING. 
 
 (From the Memoir.) 
 
 IN the early autumn of 1870 my husband was for a 
 time less uniformly well than usual teased with nettle- 
 rash, less up to long walks. Yet there seemed nothing to 
 alarm though I remember his saying one day when we 
 were talking over our Swiss rambles of five years before, 
 " I could not do those things now. La Sante is going 
 down." And then in his tender pity he instantly added, 
 " Let us hope only very gradually." I cannot retrace the 
 slow and stealthy course of his illness. / cannot I did 
 so more than a year ago, and that account, with a few 
 additions, shall be repeated here. 
 
 [In October her husband had one night a shivering fit, 
 which was followed in the succeeding months by several 
 others. They were at first attributed to the flooded con- 
 dition of the meadows ; but when they recurred during a 
 stay at Aberdovey and then at Brighton, they caused 
 some alarm.] 
 
 I may mention that the tenth anniversary of our mar- 
 riage (the 5th of March, 1871) found us at Brighton. I 
 had been spending three or four days with a dear friend 
 in London, but returned on the Saturday, in spite of a 
 great possible treat on the Sunday (luncheon with Mr. 
 and Mrs. Lewes), because that Sunday was our dear an- 
 niversary, and I could not have borne it to find us sepa- 
 rated. This time its return made us low. Ten years! 
 There was something solemn about the closing of that 
 
PARTING. 427 
 
 term. My own depression during several of those March 
 days was quite unusual, and I remember his saying to me, 
 " Ten years ! I used to think if I could have ten happy 
 years ! And I have had them." And in the January of 
 1871 he had put in my pocket-book, where he always wrote 
 my name, " One happy decade over will another, will 
 half of another, be granted?" Till then these inscrip- 
 tions had been so joyous. 
 
 To Miss Mary Wrench. 
 
 BRIGHTON, April 11, 1871. 
 
 . . . The s are close to us, but 1 shall not attempt 
 
 to see much of them. I know what the young who are 
 in society think of an ill-dressed relative of the name of 
 Smith. I remember my own youth, and while I blush in 
 my soul at some of its wants of moral courage and shrink- 
 ing from incongruity, I at least draw a lesson from it. 
 They may look in some afternoon, and I shall call there 
 in the evening, and have a pleasant chat I dare say. . . . 
 We go this evening to Clara's. Oh dear, how glad T was 
 I did not go with the party to sit on end in the Stand. 
 Your uncle William and I saw everything so charmingly 
 vilely dressed, both of us, and not knowing a soul, we 
 were like two creatures out of the body, and entirely given 
 up to impressions from without. We were on our legs 
 four good hours, and much amused. Prince Arthur has a 
 very nice face. I had my little glass, and I inspected him 
 leisurely, just as your granny would have done. In 
 youth, how many enjoyments I can recall spoilt by reflex 
 action, so to speak self coming in either that one 
 was dissatisfied with one's appearance, or something. 
 We two see things now very comfortably. 
 
 BRIGHTON, April 17, 1871. 
 
 . . .'1 've no doubt M. is radiantly happy, and there is 
 something very sweet and maidenly and unegotistical in 
 
428 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 not dwelling upon it but I know I am a dweller my- 
 self ! However, I can admire other types fully. I really 
 cannot tell you what Constance R. is, and how gloriously 
 Polly R sings. Their collie dog Laddie, black and tan 
 with just a white shirt frill, human eyes, and manner of 
 high distinction, is equally inexpressible. . . . This evening 
 William goes in there with me how I hope he will un- 
 derstand my enthusiasm. . . . Of course we are all bet- 
 tering or worsening, and I can understand dear Mrs. 
 
 is not in the happiest phase just now. Trying to get too 
 much out of an income is destructive to character. 
 
 BRIGHTON, May 5, 1871. 
 
 ... A fortnight ago I was walking back from Clara's 
 when I passed a blind man. Now there are such numbers 
 of them here one's heart gets hardened, and I never like 
 to have money about me lest I should be betrayed into 
 the very great sin for so I believe it to be of giving 
 it to tramps or otherwise frittering it away. But there 
 was a dejection about this blind man's attitude that sent 
 a thrill through one, and I looked back, and then there 
 was nothing for it but going to speak to him. He was a 
 navvy who had lost his sight a year and a half ago when 
 
 working for a Mr. , a great London contractor, in one 
 
 of the great drains. He was very straightforward in his 
 
 tale, and seemed to think that if only Mr. could be 
 
 got at, and he be interceded for, something would be 
 
 done for him. Mr. had been staying in Brighton, 
 
 but was gone. Well this was on a Friday ; on Saturday 
 
 I got Mr. 's London address from a house agent, and 
 
 on Monday went off to the poor man, but could not find 
 him looked for him three times in vain. A week later 
 I was driving with Clara when I discerned him in quite 
 another part of the town. He wished me to write for him 
 
 to Mr. , and I did so. I had several talks with him, 
 
 and got to know his history, and all about the clothes in 
 
PARTING. 429 
 
 pawn, and what he wanted. He is a stalwart man of 
 forty-seven ; a hard-working, well-paid, independent, well- 
 off, active man, a year and a half ago ; now a poor waif 
 and stray, shivering in the cold sea air, moved on from 
 pillar to post by the police, with a placard on his broad 
 chest setting forth his case, utterly lonely in the great 
 crowd, with no one to care for him, obliged to shelter in a 
 low lodging-house, with nothing to look to but a gradual 
 wasting away and deepening misery here below. Poor 
 dear John Matthews ! He is a Devonshire man, and I am 
 sure a truthful as well as a more than ordinarily intelli- 
 gent one. Yesterday Mr. 's answer came, and alas, 
 
 he considers that he has done enough. He gave some- 
 thing in the winter, and it was owing to his insistency that 
 he got a twelve shillings a week allowance for weeks and 
 weeks, then six shillings. John M. has been in hospital 
 after hospital, under all manner of doctors, trying all 
 manner of treatment the result, perfect blindness ! 
 You may imagine how it went to my heart to read him 
 the cold, stern denial. In his darkness, help from Mr. 
 
 appeared to have become a fixed idea with him 
 
 that, and to go to his own parish. At first he bore up 
 manfully tried to put it away but the disappointment 
 was too great, and the once strong frame heaved, and the 
 sightless eyes overflowed, and he broke down utterly, and 
 oh, my child ! if you had heard his exceeding bitter cry, 
 " My punishment is greater than I can bear," you would 
 have felt your heart torn as mine was. I could have taken 
 him in my arms, but for the people. That 's so wretched 
 I do go when everybody is at luncheon, but there are 
 always children or somebody about. All his anguish made 
 its way, and oh, the unspeakable pathos of it ! Well 
 William says he shall have a sovereign (so kind of him, 
 when he has not seen the man) and I am much mis- 
 taken if Clara does not send another and I Ve got half 
 a crown from Miss (I declare I did it more for her 
 
430 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 sake than his), and we shall get his poor, good clothes (the 
 evidence of his past honourable because hard-working pros- 
 perity) out of pawn, and he shall go off to his Devonshire 
 parish to the workhouse, alas ! but he thinks they '11 
 give him out-door relief, and perhaps he can board with 
 one of his brothers anyhow he wishes this. To-day I 
 must go and see him I think he 's got to feel me a friend 
 and to-morrow I shall hear from Clara, and something 
 final will be done. My own is gone to-day to the Acad- 
 emy, and wanted me to go with him. But I had had my 
 treat at the Old Masters, and I could not. I would 
 rather give that poor fellow an hour's glow at the heart 
 if indeed such a blessing could be granted me than see 
 all the pictures that were ever painted. 1 How glad I shall 
 be to have my owTiest back again! Now you and my 
 darling Edith are not for a moment to fancy I want a 
 penny for the poor fellow. I only mention it because it 
 has been uppermost in my mind. I only wish I had seen 
 him before I rigged myself out. It may be satisfactory 
 to you to know I have spent ten pounds upon my gar- 
 ments, and feel rather remarkably well dressed ! 
 
 [In May they went to Ilkley in Yorkshire, to try the 
 effect of a more bracing climate.] 
 
 (From the Memoir.) 
 
 He seemed well, but not peculiarly well there. Never 
 shall I forget one misty, gray evening when we stood 
 watching the sun set behind the low hills, and he, his dear 
 eyes fixed wistfully on the west, said, as though thinking 
 aloud, "The summers will be few." I think, however, 
 this was less the language of definite apprehension than of 
 that vague yearning melancholy we all know. When the 
 die was cast, the charm of the moors began a little to gain 
 upon us ; but we could not have secured a house to his 
 
 1 Her friendly help accomplished more than she hoped ; in a hos- 
 pital the man's sight was partially restored. 
 
PARTING. 431 
 
 taste, and he was even more pleased than I to find himself 
 again in the old home at Newton Place, the favourite 
 study. Eleven days of intense enjoyment succeeded. He 
 at once sat down to the little desk in the old corner, and 
 rapidly wrote the last article of his that ever appeared in 
 " Blackwood's Magazine " one on the " Coming Race." 
 I remember his saying one day as he laid down the book, 
 " I should not wonder if it was written by Bulwer." I 
 occupied myself meanwhile with giving to the little room 
 where I sat during his busy morning hours more of a 
 home look than heretofore (indeed, we planned making 
 Newton Place more of a permanent home, and collecting 
 there all our small and scattered possessions), and so I 
 sent for books long left in Edinburgh, for William's bust, 
 etc. We had blissful walks to see all his favourite haunts 
 in their fresh beauty ; we were never more gayly, light- 
 heartedly happy. On the evening of the 5th of June, I 
 walked into Keswick, and on the way back I met him. He 
 was coming along so very quickly, looked so boyish, I 
 may say, in figure and tread, I could hardly believe at a 
 distance it was he ; but soon I saw the white teeth shine 
 out saw the radiant smile that always greeted me, and 
 never more fully realized the old ever-new joy of putting 
 my arm through his, and hearing and telling all that an 
 interval of three hours (a long interval to my conscious- 
 ness) had brought to each. He had had a visit from his 
 friend Dr. Lietch. " Did Dr. Lietch think him looking 
 well ? " " Yes ; he had noticed that he seemed in very 
 good health." That verdict was another delight. There 
 was nothing to disquiet me that summer evening ! In the 
 night a very protracted shivering-fit came on. The fol- 
 lowing day he was really ill. And now began a period of 
 restless wretchedness, upon which I hardly know how to 
 dwell restless wretchedness of my own only ; for while 
 fever-fit followed fever-fit, and began visibly to sap his 
 strength, he never admitted that there was any necessity 
 
432 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 for alarm, and strenuously resisted advice or change of 
 place. 
 
 To Miss Mary Wrench. 
 
 NEWTON PLACE, June 27, 1871. 
 
 ... I say to myself, " What am 1 that I should not 
 suffer ? " I think of the suffering of others try to 
 think of it and the good I have received at the hand it 
 may be decrees me sorrow. Oh, I pray to bear well, that 
 he may not be saddened. It is easy to be loving and 
 kindly when we are happy. Sorrow isolates draws an 
 icy shroud about our hearts and it is hard to love any- 
 thing but the one who suffers. I can but cry "I have 
 no language but a cry " for patience and meekness. 
 But I do see just a something to-day that makes tears 
 come easier to me, and anguish less bitter. He has no 
 pain that is a blessing. He says " we shall smile again," 
 in his own dear way. 
 
 (July 5.) He looks so sorry for me looks at me, and 
 says to the old and faded woman, " Sweet, sweet Lucy ! " 
 He is fading away from before me. 
 
 [A change of place was thought desirable for the inva- 
 lid, by his wife and Dr. Lietch, and with Mr. Constable's 
 help the arrangements had been made for a removal.] 
 
 To Miss Mary Wrench. 
 
 NEWTON PLACE, July 27, 1871. 
 
 Yesterday when I came down to breakfast, he reported 
 himself much better, and I saw that irresolution about a 
 move was setting in ! I will not enlarge upon it, but it was 
 a dreadful trial. . . . My dear one went off by the omni- 
 bus for a drive, and oh, how I wrestled with the irritation 
 as well as the anguish of his resolve to stay on here so 
 as to go and meet him with a smile. For after all, as that 
 great writer says, " Love is of no value, without a larger 
 power of living in the experience of others." And his 
 point of view is not unreasonable. He thinks less of 
 
PARTING. 433 
 
 change of air than I do, and more values the comforts this 
 house gives him the freedom, the quiet, the nice cook- 
 ing, the punctuality. Oh, my chick, it is hard to get rid 
 of self ! It is / who suffer by remaining, but perhaps 
 there are advantages for him. Be that as it may, I will 
 not struggle any more. I feel to-day quite quiet per- 
 haps through exhaustion from fruitless efforts, but also 
 I think from something of a well-grounded hope that he 
 may recover here. . . . He is so all in all to me, and not 
 only my happiness, but my shelter and my moral support. 
 What dearest Mrs. Jones says in her last letter of Mrs. 
 
 is so true : 4% The want of the large mans mind in 
 
 the house is so felt ; subjects of irritation that he would 
 never have allowed grow so prominent." With him to 
 sustain me by his wiser, better, higher nature, I cannot 
 degrade, as without him I feel I might. I dare not con- 
 template the awful desolation. 
 
 (From the Memoir.) 
 
 At the end of September came two shivering-fits, but 
 they were not succeeded by illness, and October passed 
 over us, bringing, as it seemed, still further amendment. 
 His mental energy was unimpaired, his power of writing, 1 
 
 1 It was during this happy respite that William wrote his last 
 article on Mr. Greg's Political Essays. Originally intended for 
 the Magazine, with the views of which, however, it was not found 
 quite in accord it appeared in the Contemporary of June, 1872. 
 I give its closing paragraphs, a fitting last utterance for one al- 
 ways so reverent of labor, and so interested in the progress of the 
 labouring classes : 
 
 " No one doubts, we presume, that, in spite of fluctuating or oscil- 
 lating movements, or long- stationary periods, there is observable 
 through the past ages a progress of humanity. And since this prog- 
 ress, speaking broadly, is one with the enlarged scope and increased 
 activity of the human mind, and especially with that activity which 
 increases actual knowledge of nature and ourselves, and since this 
 mental activity cannot be expected to come suddenly to an end, 
 since the increase of knowledge, especially of external nature, seems 
 
434 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 his spirits, had entirely returned ; the most marked differ- 
 ence was that he did not run up-stairs two steps at a time, 
 as till this summer he had invariably done. 
 
 at this hour to be advancing with accelerated speed, we may surely 
 predict that there is yet a course of progressive development lying 
 before us. Of what precise nature, it would be indeed hazardous to 
 predict. The knowledge yet to be acquired, the additional inven- 
 tions and expedients of a future age, its modified passions, its new 
 sentiments, cannot be known to us now. But we know that scientific 
 knowledge, as a general rule, leads to improvements in industrial art, 
 and thus multiplies those products which render life agreeable and 
 civilized. A larger number enjoying all those advantages of temper- 
 ate pleasure and healthful occupation, of amenity of manners and 
 culture of mind, which only a minority enjoys at present this alone 
 would be an immense progress, and this we may venture to proph- 
 esy. 
 
 " It is as if the student of botany and vegetable physiology had 
 the growth of a plant exhibited before him up to a certain point, and 
 had to predict how it would grow on. Something he has gathered of 
 the laws of vegetable growth, and he doubts not that it will grow 
 higher and put forth fresh leaves like those which it has already pro- 
 duced. But let us say this plant has not yet blossomed, how is he to 
 foretell what the blossom will be, or what the fruit will be ? The 
 student of humanity is in some such position. He has half the growth 
 before him ; how is he to predict the other half ? Precisely he can- 
 not. But he, too, knows something of the laws or method of human 
 growth. Like the botanist he can say of this plant that it will grow 
 higher, and expand its branches, and multiply its leaves. What if 
 there is a blossom and fruitage yet to come ? Of that he can say 
 nothing. An evolution still in the future cannot enter into science, 
 since it does not enter into knowledge at all. 
 
 " Even this superficial and rapid survey of what may be acquired 
 by studying man in history may indicate how such acquisitions may aid, 
 or guide, or console us, when we are involved in certain of our social 
 and political problems. We find the artisan and the labourer urging 
 their claim to be admitted within the inner circle of civilized life. They 
 urge it rudely, perhaps prematurely ; they occasion alarm and con- 
 sternation by their clamour and their threats. Nevertheless that they 
 do urge their claim is a good augury. It is the right desire, and in- 
 dicates that some step has been already made towards its fulfilment. 
 And that general progress of society in art and knowledge, on which 
 we can most securely calculate, is of such a nature as to guarantee 
 
PARTING. 436 
 
 Early in November William caught cold. It did not 
 threaten to be even a severe cold ; but just when I was 
 rejoicing over its passing away, on the night of the ninth 
 a terrible shivering-fit came on. From this time his illness 
 I can see now steadily advanced. But while what is 
 the irrevocable past was still the fluctuating present, there 
 were gleams of hope. Oh, how many hopes I was called 
 upon to surrender ! He now began to lay more stress 
 upon this persistent fever than he had ever before con- 
 sented to do, and to notice the decline of his strength. 
 He consented to leave Borrowdale for Brighton on the 
 first of December ; sea-air we thought might be of use, 
 and there further advice was to be had. . . . However, 
 since change of place -did not work improvement, he <}id 
 consent to see a medical friend, one who knew his con- 
 stitution, and took the kindliest interest in his case. Here 
 was the rising of another hope ! Tonics, opiates these 
 he had made no trial of perhaps his system would re- 
 spond to these ! The year ended with just a ray of light ; 
 yet it was some time about its close that he one day said 
 suddenly to me : " Oh, Lucy, we will go off together to 
 the country, have done with medicines and doctors, and 
 there we will calmly and quietly await the inevitable end, 
 and we will love each other to the last." (I wonder now 
 how I bore the agonizing terror of those days, as I should 
 have wondered then how days of solitude and vain yearn- 
 ing such at these could be borne !) And in my pocket- 
 book for 1872, his last entry of my name is accompanied 
 by these ominous words : " The new year has less of hope, 
 
 its future fulfilment. The movement is one not to be absolutely and 
 resolutely opposed, but the stateman's task is to moderate, guide, and 
 render it safe. Task hard enough, it must be admitted. Much tur- 
 moil and many terrors will probably attend the movement. But if 
 ultimately what is most refined and enjoyable in human life should 
 be participated in by the - hand-worker as well as the head- worker, 
 this would not only be the extension of culture and happiness, but it 
 would put our civilization on a broader and safer basis." 
 
436 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 but more of love and gratitude, than any of its predeces- 
 sors." 
 
 [Little by little he grew worse.] But those anxious 
 nights were not all unhappy ; he used to be not merely 
 cheerful, but playful, during those sleepless hours. Noth- 
 ing provoked a gesture or tone of impatience, still less a 
 complaint ; but it was always the alleviations on which he 
 dwelt : how comfortable the bed, the room, the firelight ! 
 how delicious the beaten-up egg and sherry ; how pleasant 
 to have the candle lit and placed beside him ; how pleas- 
 ant to be warmly wrapped up, and to have book or news- 
 paper given him to read for an hour or so ! It was about 
 th? middle of January that he began to find the walks he 
 ha$l persistently taken " do him more harm than good," 
 tire him overmuch, and he now gladly consented to the 
 drives his dear niece Clara was only too happy to offer 
 him. In the days of health he preferred his own light, 
 rapid walking to the most luxurious of carriages ; now 
 the daily drive with the sweet, affectionate companion 
 tender to him as a daughter, with whom he had all the 
 ease of a father, could speak or be silent at will this 
 became the greatest refreshment and pleasure. Oh, I 
 thankfully record everything that made his last illness 
 easier to him! In our happy days we had all, and 
 abounded ; now, when we might for the first time have 
 discovered that we were poor, loving hearts made their 
 wealth minister to his comfort. How he used to watch 
 for " the dear gray horses ! " In this way he got the 
 fresh air, and saw the sea and the clouds. And when he 
 came in, and had taken his luncheon, there was always an 
 interval of comparative strength, and a short walk could 
 still be enjoyed. ... I besought him to try at least what 
 homoeopathy might avail in a case evidently not calculated 
 for other treatment Dr. Allen, the kind friend who had 
 hitherto attended him, gladly consenting. He, it appeared, 
 had had no hope from the first. In his opinion the lungs 
 
PARTING. 437 
 
 were obscurely affected. Dr. Hilbers, the homoeopathic 
 physician, thought the defective action of the heart was 
 the chief danger. One thing was certain I see it now 
 daily he wasted. The afternoons were the best part 
 of the day the afternoons and the evenings. And dur- 
 ing these he had frequently visits from congenial friends. 
 One was a Mr. Carpenter, a remarkable man, philosopher 
 and philanthropist, a man of most active benevolence 
 and most fervent piety (not of the dogmatic kind), who 
 had valued my husband's works before he came to know 
 and still more highly value him. Mr. Carpenter's visits 
 were always a pleasure ; and the two would discuss poli- 
 tics and general questions with quite eager earnest. One 
 day in February, Professor Maurice, an early friend of 
 William's, not met for many years, made him a long call. 
 During these winter months my husband had not only 
 constant visits from two loved nieces, but he saw some- 
 thing of three of his favorite nephews, and much enjoyed 
 getting them to talk of their own lives. Never did he 
 dwell upon himself never in health, never in illness ! 
 He was self-forgetting to a degree I have not seen nor 
 shall see equalled. It was the childlike attitude of lis- 
 tener that bright intelligence usually chose to occupy. Yet 
 sometimes, through all the weakness, there would be 
 bursts of energy on some general subject a kindling 
 of the old fervor against some social wrong or political 
 blunder. Oh, how hard it was to realize that so much light 
 was so soon to be quenched ! 
 
 To Miss Mary Wrench. 
 
 BRIGHTON, Feb. 4, 1872. 
 
 I went to Dr. Hilbers' on Friday morning, dear kind 
 Rebecca, a true sister, with me. I wish I could describe 
 Dr. Hilbers to you. He is very tall I don't know how 
 tall he would be but for a stoop with a curious awkward 
 figure which doubles in two when he sits down. I take 
 
438 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 him to be much the same man that Abraham Lincoln was ; 
 very plain and unconventional, abrupt too, yet with some- 
 thing singularly kind. I could get very fond of him. He 
 has large, light, penetrating eyes, that seem to look into 
 and through you, but with no sharpness that you dread 
 rather such perfect understanding as " makes allowance 
 for us all." His voice is gurgling, slow, and rather mel- 
 ancholy. He comes and goes with no time wasted in cus- 
 tomary greetings. A most real man, and I imagine 
 and my own has just indorsed the suggestion very like 
 one's idea of the murdered President. There is such an 
 unconventionality about him that you would not mind 
 anything would let room, person, or mind, be in disha- 
 bille before him, with less embarrassment than any one al- 
 most I ever saw. He is a man of large private fortune 
 as well as in very large practice, and attends quantities of 
 people gratis. The first time he came I think I told you 
 how reluctantly he took a fee. The last time he was here 
 he would not have it. But as I see no occasion, thank God, 
 to go to him in forma pauperis, I said to William, " Give 
 it me, and I '11 'warstle ' with him." When I went into 
 the room, without rising out of his doubled position, 
 " Well, how is he ? " he gurgled. I reported the good 
 night, and the most rapid and effectual influence of the 
 aconite. But I got no information except the inference 
 that it is the watery condition of the blood, or in other 
 words the tendency to dropsy, which is the great thing to 
 dread. . . . Then I shook the fee into his great hand, 
 and there was such a droll contest. He started up, held 
 both my hands, and said "Look here, literary men are 
 seldom rich are you well off ? " " Certainly," I said, 
 " very we owe no man anything." " Is it important to 
 you ? " " Not at all, at present." " Will you promise 
 you will tell me when it becomes so?" "I will." And 
 then with a look of disgust at my bit of white paper with 
 its conventional coin, " / hate it" he said. And I, " I 
 
PARTING. 439 
 
 know you do, but you must confer the additional kind- 
 ness of taking it. We are perfect strangers, and have 
 no claim upon your time." " Look here I shall take 
 better care of your husband if you don't give me fees. 
 And come again come every day if you like you do 
 like, don't you ? People always like a croak with the 
 doctor." 
 
 BRIGHTON, March 3, 1872. 
 
 ... It was on Wednesday I posted a note to your dear 
 mother, who was then ailing, but is, I hope and trust, bet- 
 ter now. That afternoon Dr. Hilbers called, felt Wil- 
 liam's pulse, and pronounced it better. And never shall 
 I forget what I must call the divine benignity of the im- 
 mense man's rugged face when he said this to me. I 
 caught his great hand in both mine, and had such an im- 
 pulse to kneel to him ! No, I never saw such a smile. 
 Some one was telling Rebecca he had the largest body 
 (he is six feet four), largest head, and largest heart in 
 Brighton. I am sure his heart is exquisitely kind. I 
 wish you could see him unconventional, with hat on his 
 head and his hands in his pockets (I believe that this at- 
 titude has become habitual through customary avoidance 
 of fees he told me on Monday if I ever alluded to one 
 again he would poison my husband !). Well, my darlings, 
 he came again to-day. I stood at the door of the room 
 and just saw him as he lounged off. But he did seem 
 satisfied, does seem to think William a shade better 
 did not tell me to go to him, but I think I shall to-morrow, 
 just to know whether he seemed encouraged or was so. . . 
 There are now so many little things that I can do for my 
 cherished one, and he lets me go out with him, and I think 
 likes me with him more constantly. Yesterday morning 
 he said, " When I woke I was thinking what a comfort 
 to have you there." My precious one ! He is as pleased 
 to have me sleep, and as reluctant to wake me, as darling 
 Granny herself. He was so delighted with Mr. Carpeu- 
 
440 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 ter this evening and it came over me like a revelation 
 how awful it would be to part with him. I am mercifully 
 preserved from often realizing this. Dear Mr. Carpenter 
 is so fond of him. On Friday I had him to myself for a 
 little (William was up-stairs) and that is always such a 
 relief, because with him I can cry. " My dear," he said 
 to me, "how much you have to be thankful for in the 
 beauty of his character, the bravery of him, the sweet- 
 
 (From t/ie Memoir.) 
 
 There were some signs of improvement during the month 
 of February. . . I do not think, however, that I ever had 
 any hope of actual recovery. I think I knew " by the 
 love that was in my heart " what the end would be, but 
 not how near. We had many dreams of another summer 
 talking of Ilf racombe, Aberystwith ; once of Nairn ; 
 nay, once of Men tone ! I am glad he had those floating 
 thoughts, very thankful that the knowledge of how ill he 
 was was mercifully kept back, or at least was not abid- 
 ingly present to him. Certainly he grew more, rather 
 than less, hopeful. But then I cannot distinguish be- 
 tween what he spontaneously felt and what he wished to 
 feel out of his tender compassion for me. On the 19th of 
 February we went to London together ; he to receive his 
 yearly dividends at the bank. The little trip entailed no 
 fatigue; and though it often flashed across me that it 
 might be our last, I think we were both rather cheered by 
 it. That evening we counted up our income for the year 
 to come, and he said " that everything was pleasant done 
 together." I never knew in any man quite so felicitous 
 a blending of generosity and prudence. " The only use 
 of money is not to have to think about it," was one of his 
 axioms. Eminently liberal in his repayment of all ser- 
 vice rendered to him, giving whenever he could give with 
 a childlike pleasure at the moment, and then an absolute 
 
PARTING. 441 
 
 forgetfulness, personal economy was, I believe, not dis- 
 tasteful to him. " Plain living and high thinking." would 
 have been his choice, as it was his destiny. In his play- 
 fulness he would tell me that when we came into our for- 
 tune (an imaginary 3000 a year that we used to argue 
 about the disposal of), I should see how reformed a char- 
 acter he would become in the matter of dress ; but I feel 
 sure the old coat, old hat, old slippers, would have been 
 equally clung to, and that our life could not have been 
 rendered more completely satisfying by any increase of 
 means. 
 
 On the fifth of March, the eleventh anniversary of our 
 marriage, we walked together on the West Pier walked 
 briskly to and fro in the breeze and sunshine, and in shel- 
 tered corners stood to watch the waves. That evening 
 there came to Brighton General and Mrs. Cotton, two of 
 the friends in whom he most thoroughly delighted* Gen- 
 eral Cotton' s conversation he always spoke of as one of the 
 greatest enjoyments procurable, and her brightness and 
 charm now seemed peculiarly to refresh him. On the 
 13th, while preparing for his morning's drive, he said : 
 " I am weaker than ever. It is vain to kick against the 
 pricks." And then, with most pathetic playfulness, and 
 calling himself by one of the myriad pet names I used in 
 our happier days to invent for him, he declared he could 
 be quite sorry for himself, could pity himself. I could 
 not help saying, " And me I " And oh, the unuttera- 
 ble compassion of his voice, the deep tenderness that 
 rung out in his reply, " Infinitely ! infinitely ! " Then 
 in a few moments he very solemnly and earnestly went 
 on, " There is a power stronger than all our wishes and 
 regrets, we must not let any angry or impatient feel- 
 ings creep into our hearts, we must quietly and patiently 
 yield." 
 
 On the same day we took our last walk ; sat out, and 
 looked together at sea and sky for the last time. On Fri- 
 
442 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 day we moved to the house of his kind sister-in-law on the 
 other side of the square. . . . 
 
 When once the change was accomplished it was very 
 affecting to notice his enjoyment of it. Sometimes, dur- 
 ing the last few weeks, he had expressed his longing for 
 a home, and now, one familiar to him for twenty years, 
 and having only pleasant associations, was eagerly thrown 
 open to him. All its comfortable arrangements gave him 
 pleasure. In the cheerful bedroom we occupied, pictures 
 of his kindred hung upon the walls ; and thinking of the 
 peculiarly tender love between him and his mother, one is 
 glad that the last chair he ever sat in should have been his 
 mother's arm-chair. He seemed better that first evening 
 at No. 1, and when General and Mrs. Cotton came as 
 usual to spend it with him, told them he " felt himself in 
 paradise since his move." Yet in the night, while I lay 
 silently there hoping he was asleep, he suddenly said, 
 " Your love supports me," and something in the almost 
 solemn tone of the voice struck terror to my heart. The 
 next day he had his breakfast in bed for the first time. 
 But he enjoyed his drive, talked with animation to his 
 companion, and insisted upon walking down to the din- 
 ing-room for dinner. This too he did on the Sunday, but 
 for the last time. For now the bodily strength ebbed 
 rapidly. The last drive was on Tuesday the 19th, when 
 he noticed with pleasure some beautiful streaks of light in 
 the afternoon sky. 
 
 I do not here enumerate the remedies tried. It is 
 enough to say that nothing had the least effect in checking 
 those paroxysms of trembling and breathlessness with 
 sense of internal chill. Pain there was none. He would 
 entreat me not to move, to fold him closely in my arms ; 
 and so, with perfect cheeriness and hopefulness, thinking 
 more of my alarm than any danger to himself, he bore 
 one fever-fit after another till they had wasted him to a 
 shadow. On Wednesday evening he looked sad as the 
 
PARTING. 443 
 
 familiar shudder came on at a new hour. " This dashes 
 our hopes," he said. Yet he took the greatest pleasure 
 that very evening in Mrs. Cotton's music. Music had 
 been one of the passions of his earlier days. Of late he 
 had got weaned from it, having a wife who did not play ; 
 and, indeed, even when the opportunity arose of gratify- 
 ing the dormant taste, he had seemed almost reluctant to 
 do so. But now that he was getting too weak for much 
 sustained conversation, the " refreshment " of the sweet, 
 slow, flowing music the only kind he wished for was 
 keenly felt ; and this enjoyment he had for several even- 
 ings. It now became my privilege to wait upon him 
 daily more and more. Little by little the singularly inde- 
 pendent and self-helpful man came to permit his wife to 
 do everything for him. But so perfect the sweetness of 
 his nature, and so exquisite its courtesy, he never showed 
 the least annoyance at this necessity ; he even made it a 
 pleasure. The washing and dressing all gone through 
 in bed now were got over in the cheerf ulest acknowledg- 
 ment of every attempt to serve. On one of these morn- 
 ings some sudden impulse made me say: "William, 
 such love as mine for you cannot be the result of mere 
 mechanical or vital forces, can it ? " And he replied, in 
 a tone of conviction from which in my darkest hours I 
 gain some support, " OA, no f It has a far higher 
 source." It was still impossible not to feel- happy in his 
 presence, and I knew I had the rest of my life for sorrow. 
 Yet when I look back to myself at that time, I almost 
 shudder to think that I could seem cheerful ! But he 
 had more than once said to me that my cheerfulness was 
 his greatest boon and delight ; and for weeks I had one 
 wish only to soothe the path for him. I never spoke to 
 him but with smiles, with almost gayety, to which he in- 
 variably responded. His sensitive nature was peculiarly 
 susceptible to gloomy looks, and besides, he had not given 
 up all hope of recovery. On this point he seemed to have, 
 
444 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 so to speak, a double consciousness. His knowledge of 
 physiology must have told him of imminent danger ; and, 
 indeed, many expressions of his showed that he under- 
 stood his own case perfectly. Yet at other times there 
 was the hopefulness that characterizes consumption. 
 
 To Miss Mary Wrench. 
 
 BRIGHTON, March 19, 1872. 
 
 . . . He is all tenderness, thankfulness, serenity but 
 oh, the end is drawing near ! He will meet it, thank 
 God, with courage, but he would gladly recover. We 
 were so happy, and no pain has come to wean, and he has 
 great pity on my desolation. If it had been God's will ! 
 But the cup that comes to all is at our lips now, and will 
 not pass away. I try to bear I always can with him 
 there is support and sweetness in our dear love even 
 now. Whenever I go near him, it is to meet the sweetest 
 smile and some loving word. 
 
 (From the Memoir.) 
 
 He continued to see friends to the last. Indeed, his 
 nature seemed to grow more and more genial and gracious, 
 more demonstrative of affection. The smile of welcome 
 was warmer and as bright as ever. The dear nieces never 
 had so many sweet and loving words to garner up in their 
 hearts as during this last winter. For me he had a bound- 
 less tenderness and pity. I have memories of love and 
 blessing too sacred to my sorrow to be recorded here. I 
 had thought I might give more of his gracious sayings. 
 But I could not give the look, the tone ; it is best, as he 
 once wrote of words of mine, to let them " just sink into 
 the silence of one's heart." Yet those who value him as 
 he deserved will be glad to know that even his exceeding 
 humility did not prevent his realizing that he was, and 
 had long been, the object of an exceptional affection. On 
 one of our last days he said to me, " Yours is a great love. 
 
PARTING. 445 
 
 I do not believe there ever was such another." And an- 
 other saying of his will prove that however inferior to 
 him, his constant companion was still sufficing. During 
 one of the last nights, fixing the large dark eyes always 
 beautiful, but never so beautiful as now very earnestly 
 on mine, he said, " I think you and I should make a happy 
 world if we were the only two in it." 
 
 On the morning of Tuesday the 26th, Mr. Carpenter 
 saw him. They talked politics, discussed the " Budget," 
 and my husband's mind was clear and keen as ever. Mr. 
 Carpenter did not think he was bidding him good-by for 
 the last time, though he blessed him, rejoicing, as he said, 
 to see " so bright a face." 
 
 Evj3n on Wednesday, William rose at the usual hour, 
 walked resolutely down-stairs, finished the third number 
 of " Middlemarch," which he had read during the last few 
 days with steady determination, listened to a " beautifully 
 written " and very kind note from the author, saw his 
 dear niece Clara and both doctors for now Dr. Allen 
 came as an invaluable friend, and for the last two even- 
 ings helped to carry him up-stairs. . . . The following 
 morning, Thursday the 28th, he told me he did not mean 
 to attempt to rise. I cannot retrace the hours of this last 
 day. It seemed as though he who hitherto had retained 
 some enjoyment and hope of life now all at once knew 
 that he was to die, and equally acquiesced in it ! His per- 
 fect calm, his habitual manner, were not for one moment 
 disturbed. It was of others he still thought throughout. 
 He alluded to the "melancholy of it" for "poor Re- 
 becca " (his sister-in-law) in the half -playful manner he 
 might have had on any other day. Throughout these 
 hours of the last weariness he used some of our words for 
 different things, for we had a language of our own, as 
 I said before. But for me he had tones of tender pity. 
 For me he "grieved deeply r , deeply. He could have 
 wished to live for my sake more than for his own." And 
 
446 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 then in some connection that has escaped me, though I 
 strain my memory often to recall it, but I think in answer 
 to some cry of anguish, and with a wish to give me still 
 something to live for, with a thrilling earnestness of voice 
 and far-off gaze I shall surely remember till I die : " And 
 if there be a further sphere for us, it must be our part to 
 prepare ourselves for it." For Violetta, his u sweetest of 
 hostesses," as he called her, he had the most gracious so- 
 licitude. " Was she quite well ? were we eating enough ? " 
 The mind was unclouded throughout. He listened to let- 
 ters, talked of dictating a reply to one. The voice grew 
 indistinct and the sentences broken ; but I do not believe 
 there was the least confusion of mind. I add a few sen- 
 tences jotted down while the blow still stunned, and the 
 agony was less felt : " Throughout the day he kept tell- 
 ing me he ' was doing well,' ' was doing very well,' and 
 once I heard the words, ' Quite normal,' as though he were 
 watching himself die. Once I saw the hands clasped as 
 in a speechless communion with the Unseen, and twice I 
 caught the solemn word God, uttered not in a tone of 
 appeal or entreaty, but as if the supreme contemplation 
 which had been his very life meant more, revealed more, 
 than ever. When I said to him, ' Oh, what a grace of 
 patience God has given you ! ' he shook his head in gentle 
 deprecation. . . . 
 
 " Dear Vi was of course necessarily called out of the 
 room to provide for his wants, and thus I had the privi- 
 lege of never leaving him. God bless her for it. ... 
 It was not far from the end when opening his eyes and 
 seeing Vi and me beside him, he had quite in cheerful 
 tone said, ' There they are, the two dear creatures.' 
 Later as I bent over him he opened his eyes, and 
 with the same smile as in health and happiness, bright, 
 inexpressibly tender, he took my face into his hand 
 twice did so. This old familiar caress was the farewell. 
 
 " After his last spoonful of turtle, which Vi gave while 
 
PARTING. 447 
 
 I raised him, the peculiar sound in the throat came on, 
 but it had no horror, no intensity about it, and did not to 
 either of us convey the fact that he was about to go. 
 After that the laboured breathing changed its character. 
 Violetta was called away. I was quite alone with my 
 love. I got on the bed behind him, the better to prop 
 him in what seemed an easy sleep the hands and feet 
 still warm. His head passed gradually from the pillow to 
 my breast, and there the cherished head rested firmly ; 
 the breathing grew gentler and gentler. Never shall I 
 forget the great awe, the brooding presence, with which 
 the room was filled. My heart leapt wildly with a new 
 sensation, but it was not fear. Only it would have 
 seemed profane to utter even my illimitable love, or to 
 call upon his name. This must have lasted, Vi thinks, 
 not more than ten minutes. The head grew damp and 
 very heavy ; my arms were under him. Then the sleep 
 grew quite quiet, and as the church clock began to strike 
 ten, I caught a little, little sigh, such as a new-born infant 
 might give in waking not a tremor, not a thrill of the 
 frame ; and then Vi came back with Clara's nurse (who 
 having a peculiar love and admiration for him I had said 
 might come up). I told them he was gone, and I thanked 
 God for the perfect peace in which he passed away." 
 
 He was buried in the Brighton Cemetery, in a spot at 
 present still secluded, and over which the larks sing joy- 
 ously. There a plain gray granite headstone rises " to his 
 pure and cherished memory," with just his name and two 
 dates, and this one line, long associated with him in my 
 mind, and which all who knew him have felt to be appro- 
 priate 
 
 " His soul was like a star, and dwelt apart." 
 
 Only four went to his funeral viz., Clara's husband, 
 General Cotton, Mr. Carpenter (whom he had taken 
 pleasure in introducing to each other as " two of the no- 
 blest men he knew "), and Dr. Allen, his kind friend of 
 
448 WILLIAM AND LUCY SMITH. 
 
 years. There were no mourning trappings peculiarly 
 discordant with the idea of him only the carriage with 
 " the dear gray horses " followed, and in it hearts that 
 valued him. A clergyman who had known him, not long 
 but well, in our Borrowdale home, asked whether he 
 might come and read the Service. This will show the 
 feelings my husband inspired in those whose thoughts 
 were not his. Indeed, I never knew a high moral nature 
 that did not at once recognize the purity, righteousness, 
 and holiness of his. In the case of all such the sense of 
 differing opinions melted away under the influence of his 
 character. To men of negative views, the possibility of a 
 future life seemed to acquire a deeper interest now that 
 he had passed away; to those whose faith in immortality 
 was firmest, the conception of spiritual enjoyment became 
 all the clearer for having known one so spiritually- 
 minded, so purely searching after the truth. I might 
 multiply testimonies to this effect, but they are not needed 
 here. If, however, the appreciation of the cultivated and 
 thoughtful seem a mere matter of course, it was yet not 
 more marked or more unfailing than the love he, shy and 
 silent towards them, won from all the simple and unedu- 
 cated who were brought into frequent contact with him. 
 Something in his courtesy elevated them, something in his 
 brightness cheered. I do not think any person who ever 
 spoke to him half-a-dozen times was quite indifferent to 
 him. No man sought love less, or was less careful about 
 the impression he made on others. But love unsought 
 came largely to him, and during his last illness I think 
 he discovered, with something of sweet and tender sur- 
 prise, how very dear he was to many ! It was, I dare to 
 believe, a gentle, a cheerful last illness ! Of him every 
 memory is sweet and elevating ; and I record here that a 
 lifelong anguish such as defies words is yet not too high 
 a price to pay for the privilege of having loved him and 
 belonged to him. 
 
PARTING. 449 
 
 These last pages were written, as I have said, more than 
 a year ago, and there is nothing to add. I might indeed 
 cite the testimony of relations and friends to some ineffable 
 charm in his nature, ineffable tenderness in their regret ; 
 but I prefer closing this brief memoir with words of his 
 and the passage I am about to quote contains, I believe, 
 the very secret of his pure life and the ground of his 
 serenity in death : 
 
 " There comes a time when neither Fear nor Hope are 
 necessary to the pious man ; but he loves righteousness for 
 righteousness' sake, and love is all in all. It is not joy at 
 escape from future perdition that he now feels ; nor is it 
 hope for some untold happiness in the future : it is a pres- 
 ent rapture of piety, and resignation, and love a pres- 
 ent that fills eternity. It asks nothing, it fears nothing ; 
 it loves and it has no petition to make. God takes back 
 his little child unto Himself a little child that has no 
 fear, and is all trust." 
 
 October, 1873. 
 
 (End of the Memoir.) 
 
PAKT III. 
 
 Sometimes I could deem 
 
 I heard his voice, loved voice that guides me, say, 
 " The earth we loved must never trivial seem 
 
 Although our joy has passed from earth away. 
 
 " Go down, at my behest, 
 
 The smallest, humblest, kindly task to do ; 
 
 / see the thorn-prints ; hide them from the rest ; 
 
 Because thou lov'st me so, love others too." 
 
 L. C. S. 
 
 Here we have to wait 
 Not so long neither ! Could we by a wish 
 Have what we will and get the future now, 
 Would we wish aught done undone in the past ? 
 So let him wait God's instant men call years ; 
 Meantime hold hard by truth and his great soul, 
 Do but the duty ! Through such souls alone 
 God stooping shows sufficient of his light 
 For us in the dark to rise by. 
 
 ROBERT BROWNING. 
 
CHAPTER XXIX. 
 
 BEREAVED. 
 
 " AFTER her husband's death," writes the niece Mary, 
 " I was with her for a month at Brighton. Her calmness 
 and power of living out of herself were amazing. She was 
 then so filled with the sense of the nearness of the time 
 when she had him that she did not seem to suffer as she 
 did later on. She used to say sometimes she was stunned. 
 And then she had learned strong self-control from the 
 long habit of keeping cheerful and bright before him when 
 her heart was breaking. Later on the agony was keener. 
 I can remember the look in her beautiful eyes as of some 
 one in torture. How she suffered, with the whole capa- 
 city of her nature! Everything seemed an additional 
 pain. Ah, and how she struggled not to sadden others ! 
 how to devise little pleasures and expeditions for me or 
 any friend staying with her. How infinitely sweet and 
 brave she was ! We went together to Coniston, to a 
 pretty cottage called How Head, quite near to the Tent 
 Cottage where she had been so happy. The evening we 
 got there, she found a letter saying that her dear friend 
 Mrs. Jones was very ill in Edinburgh, had been ill for 
 some little time, but did not wish Aunt Lucy to be told. 
 The next morning after getting the news, tired as she 
 was, and overpowered with the thought of being back at 
 Coniston, she started for Edinburgh, alone ; and was in 
 time to see her friend and be with her at the last. Mrs. 
 Jones said, 'You have never failed me.' My husband 
 remembers so well seeing her at that time. She was stay- 
 ing for two or three days at her beloved friend Mrs. Stir- 
 
454 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 ling's, and he went to see her. She was in bed, but asked 
 for him to go and see her. It was the first time they had 
 met since her loss, and she could not speak, but when he 
 came near she just opened her arms and folded them 
 round him. She came back in a few days to Coniston, 
 after seeing that all was arranged as Mrs. Jones would 
 have wished, and writing to her friends and her many de- 
 voted priests. I was with her some weeks, and then, first 
 
 of all, Vi, and then her beloved Hessie H , came to 
 
 stay with her. I went to Ireland to see my father, and 
 came back to her in the autumn, and soon she and I went 
 to Edinburgh for some weeks. She had many friends 
 there, loving and tender, but I remember her saying one 
 day she was like a person with a dreadful wound, which 
 the tenderest, lightest touch made still worse ; only 
 
 A seemed always like a soothing dressing of pure 
 
 cold water.'* 
 
 To Lady Eastlake. 
 
 CONISTON, June 6, 1872. 
 
 Dear, kind Lady Eastlake, in your full life to make 
 time for thoughts of me ! I thank our loved one [Mrs. 
 Jones, who had been their common friend] for your let- 
 ters as well as you. I had seen your little book on her 
 table in London, and she confided to me that it was writ- 
 ten by you. I took it up and dropped it with a sharp 
 pang. I could not have read it. I could not then dare 
 to realize this suffering. Now I have read it again and 
 again, and thanked it for many tears. You know that I 
 cannot go along with all but oh ! I don't want to 
 argue, only to be quite truthful. It is a wonderful anal- 
 ysis of this complicated sorrow a sorrow for each and 
 all of us special having incommunicable phases, ten- 
 dernesses, yearnings, heart-piercings for which indeed 
 there are no words. 'I can hardly understand what is 
 commonly called rebellion against the decree that took 
 
BEREA VED. 455 
 
 away, or question why. My loved one warned me against 
 letting " angry or impatient feelings creep in." I can 
 believe, too, that the time for him was the best time, as 
 certainly the manner was most merciful. I see abundant 
 cause for thankfulness in the past. And, as you say, 
 " We are to suffer," and in what is natural, inevitable, 
 there cannot be sin. When I said sorrow was not good 
 for us I was thinking of the many spontaneous pleasant- 
 nesses and kindnesses it kills in us, as surely as the frost 
 does the tender plants of sunny climes. The evil may bring 
 forth fruit by and by but much that others loved in us, 
 as it seems to me, must vanish forever. That does not 
 matter I used to care a good deal about being loved 
 a tenacious need, but this scotches it. The great danger 
 seems to me the caring for nothing. 
 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Loomis. 
 
 CONISTON, AMBLESIDE, July 3, 1872. 
 
 Dear, kind friends, how much I thank you for your 
 letter, and how touched I am by the feeling that led you 
 to make the effort ! I grieve to think that dictation is 
 attended by pain, and that writing is still impossible. Oh, 
 I grieve over dear Mrs. Loomis's anxiety even more than 
 for the privation to yourself ! If you knew how often I 
 have read your letter, and what soothing tears have fallen 
 over it, you would be glad you sent it. I am so deeply 
 thankful for tears, and some kind words go straight to 
 the heart and a little lighten it. It is the unshed tears 
 that torture. But you know what life with him was, what 
 life without him must be. I am only going to write a few 
 lines, because with this you will receive a printed letter. 
 There were many that I wanted to tell something to, of 
 his exquisite patience and serenity something, very lit- 
 tle and I could not go over the agonizing weeks and 
 months again and again. There may be almost nothing 
 in the letter that you do not know, but I wrote it once for 
 
456 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 all, and dear Mr. Constable put it in print for me, and 
 I like to believe that besides your own dear selves there 
 may be some, who loved his writings, who will feel inter- 
 ested in knowing something of the man. It is a poor, 
 meagre, and perhaps very trivial record meant only for 
 kind eyes. 
 
 I have long wanted to write, but I waited to send this. 
 A few days ago a delightful article by Dr. Porter reached 
 me. It is so true, so discriminating! You will judge 
 best whether he will care to read my other letter. 
 
 Sometimes my heart feels dead and dull, and I have 
 nothing to say, and hardly feel. Then the agony wakes. 
 Indeed I try to bear it as he would have me do. I know 
 how much I have to be thankful for. And it may be 
 but oh, my hope is dim and feeble ! The difficulties so 
 crushing ! I can only cry for more faith in God's truth, 
 and for power to think of others. I won't talk of my 
 wretched self. 
 
 I shall indeed long to hear that you are better. I would 
 that a voyage to England were prescribed. I did get the 
 letter, and the picture of the little early gathered flower. 
 May you be long spared to each other ! It seems to me 
 that there can come no crushing sorrow to two. Will you 
 let me know how you are ? Will you tell Dr. Porter that 
 his article was very precious to me? I would he and 
 William had met. I would he had heard the welcome 
 that dear one's peculiarly touching and varied voice 
 would have given him. I dare not recall his voice. 
 
 Dear friends, don't think me selfish. I am truly inter- 
 ested in all that concerns you. 
 
 In the July "Contemporary," William's last article 
 appears. He wrote it last autumn when he seemed to be 
 recovering. He was superhuman in his sweetness all 
 through his illness and on his dying day. Never more 
 serene. I forget now all I have said or not said in that 
 printed letter. His tenderest words are not there. Oh, 
 
BEREA VED. 457 
 
 do you indeed believe that in some ineffable way individ- 
 ual love is undying? I cannot write this evening, and 
 will not put off any longer. 
 
 My kind, true love. Your poor desolate friend, 
 
 L. C. S. 
 
 To Miss Mary Wrench. 
 
 CONISTON, July 22, 1872. 
 
 . . . Archie read to us last night some of Browning, 
 and I must copy two verses out of one of the poems 
 they stir something like hope, and give blessed tears. 
 
 Think, when our one soul understands 
 
 The great Word which makes all things new, 
 
 When earth breaks up and heaven expands, 
 How will the change strike me and you 
 
 In the house not made with hands ? 
 
 Oh, I must feel your brain prompt mine, 
 
 Your heart anticipate my heart, 
 You must be just before, in fine, 
 
 See and make me see, for your part, 
 New depths of the Divine ! 
 
 CONISTON, August 28, 1872. 
 
 . . . Lady Eichardson, who called the other day, sent 
 me a blessed book of that saint, Mr. Erskine of Linla- 
 then, and it seemed to open some light and hope. It is 
 the only alternative to blank unbelief, and that is too 
 fearful misery. Mr. Erskine rejects the idea of this life 
 being a trial, after which comes eternal bliss or eternal 
 misery he is sure God means in time (his time, to which 
 a day and a thousand years are alike) to educate all his 
 moral creatures to a participation in the divine nature. I 
 do indeed believe my beloved one's earthly education was 
 complete. Every virtue seemed to have had its perfect 
 work. And if I could lay hold on this faith, I should 
 suffer more meekly, believing that when my education too 
 
458 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 was finished I should be taken too and surely the love 
 and trust that existed between us will survive if our con- 
 sciousness survive and I think it does. Oh, my child, 
 what a difference between a faith taught you and one you 
 learn for yourself in anguish and darkness and desolation 
 a faith you have to struggle for, for more than life. I 
 have had flashes of light, but again and again the dark- 
 ness and the agony must return. . . . 
 
 My lonely sorrow is dear to me. Mary, I suffer, but I 
 would not change with any. 
 
 To Lady Eastlake. 
 
 CONISTON, 1872. 
 
 Mr. Stopford Brooke's last volume of sermons has four 
 on Immortality, which I have read and re-read. The sub- 
 ject is, I may truly say, the only one which has my inter- 
 est. This life can be nothing more to me ; except, indeed, 
 as I pray and sometimes hope, discipline. The view of 
 God's education of his moral creatures commends itself 
 far more to my mind than that of probation. I think it 
 is far more than a verbal difference. But I find that con- 
 tinuous argument on this one absorbing subject sometimes 
 defeats itself. Even Stopford Brooke's sermons suggested 
 difficulties. It must remain " a great hope but a dim con- 
 ception." Sometimes a blessed instinct wakes in me. I 
 do not quite hold with you that faith in immortality and 
 faith in God necessarily stand or fall together. God 
 ruled before my poor little individuality was developed, 
 and it would be to me even more terrible to forego a be- 
 lief in an Infinite Wisdom than in my continuous life 
 (which has only one meaning for me). I have said a bold, 
 and perhaps not quite true thing. But I think it ought 
 to be more dreadful. I remember we were so struck 
 with the deep devotion of George Long's preface to his 
 " Marcus Aurelius," and I admired the perfect resignation 
 with which he could surrender all personal wishes as to 
 
BEliEA VED. 4.VJ 
 
 immortality to the Supreme Will. But then we were to- 
 gether, and infinitely happy ; and now ! In this anguish 
 which you, dear Lady Eastlake, know so well, my whole 
 soul has but one cry, and though intellectually I can divide 
 between these solemn truths, practically I feel them one. 
 How could one love a God unless one hoped his love for 
 his creatures involved, as you say, a correlative of reunion 
 for this awfulness of parting, and how could one care to 
 believe in a God for whom one's nature could have no re- 
 sponse even of gratitude ? And indeed I do deeply feel, 
 and more and more, that without this hope one would sink 
 to apathy, lovelessness, moral death, and that it never 
 glows within us without purifying. I desire so to grow 
 better, while I feel that this betterness will fit me to be 
 more with one who was here on earth immeasurably above 
 me. I find his dear words sustain me often. There are 
 passages in " Gravenhurst " that greatly stimulate my 
 trust in a further sphere. The writer of that very tender 
 and true notice of my loved one [ in " Blackwood " ] 
 dwells rather too much on the negative side of his think- 
 ing. It had its positive side, which was light and guid- 
 ance for life and death. 
 
 I often shed tears that are warm with hope over pas- 
 sages of Browning. In short, helps come from quarters 
 where one did not expect them. You have been very good 
 and kind to ine. You know how I suffer what it is, to 
 have had all and abounded to have had Heaven and 
 now to be only alive to pain you know that there is no 
 exaggerating the difference this loss makes in everything. 
 That blessed peace you speak of has made me rejoice for 
 you. Do you know, I have had a momentary sense of 
 what it might be. 
 
460 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 To Miss Violetta Smith. 
 
 Oct. 1872. 
 
 When God sends darkness, let it be dark. 'T is so vain 
 to think we can light it up with candles, or make it any- 
 thing but dark. It may be because of the darkness we 
 shall see some new beauty in the stars. Indeed I live in 
 him still not the old love, of joy, and playfulness of 
 " antic spirits," and eager enjoyment ; but a grave life, 
 and yearning and seeking; a life into which through 
 God's goodness the patience of hope may come. We 
 must all seek and find if we do find for ourselves. 
 
 " Early in 1873," writes the niece Mary, " she and I 
 went back to Coniston, not to How Head, but to a pretty 
 farmhouse called Low Bank Ground, belonging to Miss 
 Rigbye, who urged her to return there. There she spent 
 a year, having always some one with her my sister 
 Edith, Violetta, or other friends. For several months 
 from this time on she and I were much together, and 
 when we were apart she wrote comparatively little, as she 
 was suffering sadly from her eyes." 
 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Loomis. 
 
 CONISTON, April 2, 1873. 
 
 . . . Over none of the letters that I have received have 
 I shed more tears than over the first that Mr. Loomis dic- 
 tated and you, dear friend, wrote out. He speaks of " the 
 mingled sense of loss and possession." Yes, indeed I 
 am still his, and that imposes upon me self-control. Only 
 just let me say that a year is nothing, nothing, in the way 
 of assuagement by habit of life without him. It is not 
 life. I love him more day by day. I know him better. 
 As the earthly bliss recedes, I see the angel in him even 
 more clearly. And no shyness now prevents my speaking 
 of him as he was. And now I will not speak of him 
 any more. 
 
BEREA VED. 461 
 
 I did get your November letter, and it was exceedingly 
 welcome, for I had been, as you know, anxious. It was a 
 comfort to see that you were able to use your pencil for so 
 long a time together, but you said the letter was written 
 at intervals, and I fear from the fact of this last letter 
 being in dear Mrs. Loomis's handwriting that your head 
 still interferes with some of your pursuits. Indeed, I was 
 interested in the new house, and I am glad there is no 
 danger of the pretty view being interfered with. And I 
 was deeply interested in hearing of the removal of the 
 dear mother to your present home. How a venerable old 
 age completes, sanctifies a family ! How precious to chil- 
 dren the special indulgence, the boundless toleration, of 
 the grandmother. You must tell me more of her and the 
 children when you write again. I was in Edinburgh for 
 nine winter weeks ; I, and a dear niece who is to me like a 
 child. I think she .enjoyed Edinburgh, and I could like 
 to see her enjoyment, and besides we have friends there 
 whom I could never bear to relinquish one especially, a 
 good deal older than myself, and the nearest approach to 
 motherliness that the world holds for me. Early in Jan- 
 uary Mary and I came here ; came to a farmhouse, pret- 
 tily situated, in which I have taken rooms for a year. 
 My dear child liked giving it a comfortable look, hanging 
 pictures, arranging books, and I have my husband's bust 
 in one corner, and though the low ceiling is far too near it, 
 still it seems to elevate and refine the whole place. I send 
 you a copy of it. . . .1 think it is very like " the author 
 of Thorndale." But it is sad, and my husband had what 
 does not appear in his photographs and his writings, such 
 a fountain of joyous, playful life, making his companion- 
 ship such pure bliss. He had all that shows in the baby 
 face which I send to Daisy. The little miniature must 
 have been taken when he was between two and three. It 
 has yellow hair, but with that exception is very faithfully 
 reproduced. Looking at this bright child you will under- 
 
462 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 stand how he, the youngest child of a large family, was 
 the " especial pet " of both parents. Or perhaps and 
 yet I think that is not likely you may not admire it. 
 All there is in this face innocence, joy, wonder, wistful- 
 ness, simplicity all was in the man to the last. And 
 because of that ineffableness which made my dear Mr. 
 Constable say he " never saw him without longing to take 
 him into his arms ; " which made his niece Clara, on the 
 eve of a happy marriage, write to him, " But nobody can 
 be to me what you are ; " makes his eldest sister (a widow 
 who has lost children) tell me, " I can never think of dear 
 William without tears it is not so with others ; " be- 
 cause of the nameless something, made up of pathos and 
 sweetness, I who loved him so and was so closely and 
 solely his companion, suffer, suffer ! Oh, I hope many 
 are not so utterly and irremediably bereaved. 
 
 I am glad you are reading that marvellous "Middle- 
 march." Everything pains now, and that pains. Rosa- 
 mond's unworthiness threw a shadow of dread over me. 
 This great genius makes one so aware of the " solidarity 
 of the human race." None of her characters are unnat- 
 ural. One feels guilty at least I did as I read of 
 much unsuspected selfishness. And I have heard others, 
 in whom I saw no flaw, speak of the book as charged with 
 the prophet's power of " bringing sin to remembrance." 
 The writer is very, very kind to me, and sends me sweet, 
 tender notes. I could like you to see the last. But she 
 cannot help me. For she has given up the hope of contin- 
 ued life, in which alone I can live. If I did not how- 
 ever weakly and waveringly believe that we are crea- 
 tures of a loving God, training here for some solution 
 by and by ; that this anguish may be killing in me some 
 faults which would hinder our complete togetherness there 
 life would be so hideous I would not lead it. She is 
 braver and better, and besides she has the love which is 
 happiness and seems religion. But the poorest and weak- 
 
HERE A VED. 463 
 
 est soul that holds some instinctive conviction of a " fur- 
 ther sphere," taught perhaps by sorrow ; holding it really, 
 not only having been brought up to say it helps me 
 more than that glorious woman can. Mr. Lewes's book, 
 just advertised, will create a good deal of interest. He 
 sent a sketch of it to my husband, last February year. I 
 shall not read it. My cry to heaven and earth is, " Help 
 my unbelief ! " I dare not hear arguments to eliminate 
 God from the universe. But neither can I return to the 
 old Orthodoxy in which I grew up. Channing's " Per- 
 fect Life," Martineau's " Sermons," and " Le Recit d'une 
 Soeur," have been precious and soothing. And often my 
 husband's books throw a slanting ray of light, and so 
 the days go on, and one year is over. 
 
 Will you convey to President Porter my gratitude for 
 the pamphlets he sent me, still more for his letter. What 
 an exquisite character Professor Hadley's ! One thinks 
 such cannot end when they die. But there is a position 
 of his I nevermore could occupy. I can believe in no dis- 
 location of our nature only in its ordered growth, and 
 in no help from the Divine but according to and by means 
 of a Divine Purpose, which cannot be interfered with and 
 needs not rectification. 
 
 To Miss Mary Wrench. 
 
 CONISTON, April 5, 1873. 
 
 . . . Channing's " Perfect Life " is very beautiful. I 
 have to fight daily for some faith in which to suffer sanely 
 not make others suffer. " The Everlasting Yea " is 
 what we must seek after, or miss our fullest development. 
 Perhaps we shall word our seeking and our finding differ- 
 ently, but oh, so we seek and find ! . . . I copy out a bit 
 from Greg's " Enigmas of Life." May you know one 
 day all its truth. 
 
 Who that has truly tasted and fathomed human love in its 
 dawning and its crowning joys has not thanked God for a feli- 
 
464 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 city which indeed " passeth understanding " ! If we had set our 
 fancy to picture a Creator occupied solely in devising delight for 
 children whom He loved, we could not conceive one single ele- 
 ment of bliss that is not here. We might retrench casualties ; we 
 might superadd duration and extension ; we might make that 
 which is partial, occasional, and transient, universal and endur- 
 ing; but we need not and we could not introduce one new 
 ingredient of joy. 
 
 How I set my seal to that ! I have lived eternities in 
 some moments of quite unbounded joy. I used to say to 
 him, " If I might die now ! " and he would reply, " How 
 cruel to me ! " but that was the feeling. It is wonder- 
 ful to think what the presence of one human being can do 
 for another change everything in the world. ... I 
 have wonderfully beautiful sermons .of Martineau's. 
 
 Some God sends transparent into this world, and leaves us 
 nothing to gather and infer. Goodness, truth, acquired by oth- 
 ers, are original to them. . . . Such beings live to express them- 
 selves, to stand between heaven and earth and mediate for our 
 dull hearts. With fewer outward objects than others, or at least 
 with a less limited practical mission devoting them to a fixed 
 task, their life is a soliloquy of love and aspiration. Usually 
 they do not less, but rather more than others ; only under some- 
 what sorrowful conditions, having spirits prepared for what is 
 more than human, and being obliged to move within limits that 
 are human. The worth of such a life depends little on its quan- 
 tity, it is an affair of quality alone. These highest ends of ex- 
 istence have but slight relation to time. Years cannot mellow the 
 love already ripe, or purify the perceptions already clear, or lift 
 the aspiration that already enters heaven. 
 
 CONISTON, April 9, 1873. 
 
 . . . Two days ago a sweet letter from M. A. R., tell- 
 ing her purpose of coming on the nineteenth. Oh, how I 
 cried over it ! I did not think much wish for anything 
 survived, but I do feel a singular emotion at the idea of 
 seeing her. . . . But I must not think overmuch of it 
 
BEREA VED. 465 
 
 she may not be able. Mrs. A is noble, I am sure, a 
 
 heroine of endurance. People are so noble ! The poor 
 young washerwoman who by the way tears up my cuffs 
 and frills in a wonderfully rapid way, so that I find my- 
 self almost without any, spite of your stock, you dear 
 child has been, it seems, sleeping for months in an in- 
 fected atmosphere. There was an old cousin, distant 
 cousin, of her father's, a woman with several children, 
 but not one of them came forward to save her from the 
 workhouse ; and this good man said she should never go 
 there so long as he could work. So in their tiny cottage 
 she has lived and suffered three years. I never knew of 
 her existence till it was over. She died last Monday of 
 cancer. And this young girl nursed her and slept in her 
 room, and now frets, fearing she did not do enough ! 
 Well might she tear my cuffs, poor dear she had her 
 hands full. 
 
 You may remember that I told you of an old hawker of 
 tea with whom Fanny and I walked some short time ago, 
 and with whose cheerfulness I was struck. Three days 
 ago I discerned him coming along the field, and darted 
 out with my little offering. It was touching to see that 
 I seemed to surprise him. But perhaps he heard some- 
 thing in my voice that made him pity me ; anyhow, his 
 heart was poured out, and I do not know that anything 
 ever struck me as more sublime than his experience. He 
 was a parish 'prentice, as he said, " fatherless, motherless, 
 sisterless, brotherless, auntless, and uncleless." Quite 
 alone, used to hardship in youth, then maimed and al- 
 most blinded in the mines ; now seventy-two, long a 
 pauper, hawking about tea, and getting a mere pittance, 
 as you can believe. Yet with all this, and without the 
 sweet training of human love, he is quite happy " just 
 leans on God " has an abiding sense of the Divine Love 
 ordering all, and of all being right, which makes him not 
 merely patient, but very cheerful. I never heard a more 
 
466 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 remarkable utterance, it was so simple and evidently hon- 
 est, ending as he did, " but these things are not for talk- 
 ing about, only it is so with me." 
 
 To Mrs. Ruck. 
 
 CONISTON, 1873. 
 
 . . . Ah, my dear one, we might safely have kept you 
 half a day longer ; but you would have been just as surely 
 gone now, and your little stay would have been a tender, 
 touching, sweet dream from which however one wakes 
 strengthened. . . . Thank you for copying dear Mrs. 
 Forde's good true words. Tell her I feel, through all the 
 pain, thankfulness for the fond close union which raised 
 me into higher moral life as no other influence ever did. 
 And oh, I share her hope to me the only hope that can 
 avail to keep one loving, to purify, to exalt. A hope to 
 be influential must be hope that is, strong desire be- 
 lieving future attainment probable. In me there can be 
 only one strong desire. It may never be realized but 
 so long as my consciousness endures, the only appeal to the 
 principle of hope within me must be in conformity with 
 the laws of my consciousness. A dog cannot be lured by 
 a bank-note, but by a penny-bun a child will prefer the 
 story-book with pictures to the philosophical treatise. It 
 may be that hereafter we shall rise to the general in some 
 sense transcending our present faculties even to conceive 
 of. Meanwhile I, who have known a love so immeasur- 
 ably superior to any other feeling in intensity as to de- 
 serve by contrast to be called infinite, can only be sus- 
 tained by hope in that love meaning something for me not 
 only here but elsewhere. 
 
 To Miss Mary Wrench. 
 
 CONISTON, April, 1873. 
 
 You are my own dear child, and friend of many years, 
 and I can rouse myself out of the perpetual sorrow which 
 
BEREA VED. 467 
 
 makes up my life, to wish for you the things I hold good 
 things ; a deep, intense love for one higher and stronger 
 than yourself, or that peace and joy which come, one sees, 
 to some elect natures who have got rid of the achings and 
 yearnings of self, and live in the life of others. That is 
 hardest, but divinest no doubt. That is what I must 
 strain and strive after for the rest of my days, on pain of 
 moral decomposition. But for you I am still tied and 
 bound by such fond memories of earthly bliss, I must wish 
 and look for that ; and in the mean time there is your 
 dear, bright little self to go on educating more and more. 
 And so I like to know that you have assimilated " Sartor 
 
 Kesartus." . . . Mr. was much disappointed in the 
 
 Vienna Exhibition but then it was not at its best, half 
 the things undisplayed and said the expense of Vienna 
 was frightful. Did you notice what the " Times " corre- 
 spondent said on that head, that the saying u See Naples 
 and die " might be parodied by " See Vienna and become 
 bankrupt"? And Mr. has no doubt learned prac- 
 tically during his year's sojourn abroad that change of 
 place does little or nothing, or worse than nothing, for a 
 rooted sorrow. If there be a truth beyond disputation, it 
 is this : 
 
 I may not hope from outward things to win 
 
 The passion and the life whose fount is from within. 
 
 For myself I should not care not now of course 
 should never have cared to see anything unless I was 
 happily companioned. But there are tastes of all kinds, 
 and it takes a good deal of learning to know assuredly 
 that " the eye is not filled with seeing, neither the ear with 
 hearing," and that the one help for any of us lies in doing 
 and being oh, my darling, how hard to learn it, I know ! 
 
 . . . has been seeing some pictures. How her 
 
 drawing has elevated, steadied her life, kept her always 
 growing, aspiring, alive to nature and art, and so by 
 making her happy made her beneficent and helpful. One 
 
468 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 has dark moods of questioning the use of it all ; but, im- 
 material as it may seem if we fix our eyes upon the great 
 sum of human effort, yet, the universal being made up of 
 the particular, it does matter that individuals should be as 
 healthily developed as possible, that they may radiate 
 healthy influence ; and therefore it is good to have a pur- 
 suit, even if we do not attain excellence. 
 
 To Rev. Allan Menzies. 
 
 CONISTON, June 1, 1873. 
 
 . . . But you must have enough of theology certainly 
 mine would be superfluous. I cannot even define what 
 it is. It is only a clinging and a cry a thankfulness 
 that would fain be trust a human agony that would 
 throw itself on some Divine Pity, and grow into some 
 Tightness. 
 
 CONISTON, July 28, 1873. 
 
 . . . Your letters interest me, but to see and speak with 
 you would be a still deeper interest. The old pleasure in 
 writing is so over and gone. Writing should be just the 
 overflow of life. With me now life is low, and thought 
 all concentrated, made up of many memories and one 
 hope. When I am with others the habit and instinct of 
 sympathy makes me an attentive, sometimes an eager lis- 
 tener. When the pen is in my hand it is an effort to turn 
 away from that ever-growing sorrow which is my life. 
 But indeed I do not depress others. 
 
 I follow the career of such men as Mr. Knight, Mr. 
 Stevenson, and yourself with deep and genuine interest. 
 There is no resisting the law of evolution in thought, any 
 more than elsewhere. The great fundamental concep- 
 tions must be differently expressed. Happy are they who 
 are quite sure of one or two truths. ... I want to know 
 whether you are acquainted with the writings of the Rev. 
 G. D'Oyly Snow, There is in the " Contemporary " a 
 paper of his on " Natural Theology " by which I have been 
 
BEREA VED. 469 
 
 exceedingly struck. The views are much akin to those 
 put forth in " Gravenhurst ; " the only views, as it ap- 
 pears to me, that is now possible to hold on that long 
 vexed question of moral evil. I think Mr. Snow one of 
 the clearest and most suggestive (one is sick of that term, 
 rather) writers I have come across. But indeed these 
 last numbers of the " Contemporary " are full of interest. 
 Herbert Spencer's papers on Sociology I have not read 
 through, but the last, on " The Theological Bias," is the 
 very essence of justice, candor, reasonableness. . . . 
 
 Tell me about your life. " Great faith in spiritual 
 powers," you say. Do you mean love, sympathy, strong 
 belief, strong desire removing mountains, always mould- 
 ing, creating one might say the individual and society ; or 
 do you mean anything more ? 
 
 In a letter to Mr. and Mrs. Loomis, of Nov. 5, 1873, 
 after speaking with warm pleasure of a photograph of 
 President Porter, she continues: "His and your letters 
 have done me good, and I have followed your suggestion 
 and written a short sketch of my husband's life. But I 
 feel it will be no history of his thinking, and sometimes I 
 fear it will be mere failure that he will not show 
 through. I have no one to consult, and it is only for 
 friends." This was the "Memoir," which, privately 
 printed at first, was at a later time, yielding to the urgency 
 of friends, published in the same volume with " Graven- 
 hurst " and " Knowing and Feeling." 
 
 The impression her letters give of her needs one addi- 
 tion. When she writes, the sorrow of her heart always 
 finds expression. But as she mingled with her friends, 
 she so threw herself into their interests that in them she 
 seemed to live. They were conscious principally not of 
 any suffering in her, but of an element of exquisite sym- 
 pathy, cheer, and tender radiance, which she brought into 
 their lives. In such intercourse too she showed, as indeed 
 
470 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 might well be guessed from her letters, a vivid interest in 
 the passing events of the hour, a keen observation of char- 
 acter, and a charming playful humor. As compared with 
 the pictures of her that live in her friends' memories, the 
 impression given by her letters is a too sombre one. Noth- 
 ing can supply to it the lighter touches, the grace and 
 charm and play, of which not even her bereavement 
 robbed her. Writes a friend : " We shall never laugh 
 again as she used to make us laugh with her humorous 
 descriptions and quaint conceits." Speaking of a visit 
 
 near the end of her life, Mrs. B writes : " I said 
 
 something to her of how impossible I felt it to select from 
 the catalogue of my ailments any one that was not to my- 
 self most hateful. She looked at me with a very bright 
 arch light in her face, and said, 4 Oh, my dear, I love my 
 ailments ! I find them quite to my mind ! ' 
 
 Mrs. Bishop (Miss Isabella Bird), writing after her 
 death, expresses what all felt : " I miss her more than I 
 can say. It seemed so natural to turn to her swift com- 
 prehension and ready sympathy in everything of special 
 interest, never to be disappointed. She was so unique and 
 wonderful, so developed on every side. While her rare 
 gifts made one feel small beside her, her sympathy seemed 
 to make one at one's best while with her listening to 
 her wonderful words about things small and great, and 
 looking at her face and eyes, so much fuller of soul than 
 any other's. She was so encouraging ! and she saw things 
 that no one else saw, and made one see them ; saw beauty 
 and goodness where only the commonplace was evident to 
 others, and so intensely loved and glorified those she 
 loved, till one saw them in a halo too. She lived and 
 thought and felt so keenly, and put all unworthy things 
 and thoughts so utterly outside her ken, that an hour with 
 her seemed an hour of illumination. I never saw any one 
 more absolutely free from egotism, and yet she communi- 
 cated more of herself than any one." 
 
BEREA VED. 471 
 
 A workingman, who was led to write to her by his ad- 
 miration of " Thorndale," says of her letters to him : " I 
 never opened one that did not afford me means of grace 
 for many a day afterward. I am not irreverent in thought 
 when I think of her as always manifesting (to me it seems 
 so) the constancy of God changeless in all sorrow and 
 joy. We have an impulse toward all good in the very 
 thought of her as she lived and wrote and spoke. Times 
 there must have been when the grossness and uncouth- 
 ness through which I have had to struggle all my life long 
 must have manifested their influence to her ; but ah ! not 
 a word of this pain to her sensitive spirit escaped the pen. 
 And this is only one of those intimations of her royal 
 nature which showed themselves in her letters, and for 
 which I am and ever shall be her debtor." " I have a 
 strange feeling," wrote another friend after her death, 
 " that I never again shall be worth so much, as when her 
 loving sight seemed to elevate me into something above 
 myself." 
 
 Each friend instinctively gave to her the worthiest of 
 his thought, the finest of his feelings ; and, by imparting 
 so much of this as was permissible to her other friends, 
 she interpreted them all to one another through their 
 noblest traits. " How privileged you are," writes one of 
 them to her in returning another's letter, " to have com- 
 forted by a word a spirit like that ! There is a spell 
 about, you, for even I am conscious of having grown 
 better under your influence. I have kept back words, 
 when I thought of you, that would have poisoned my 
 life if I had uttered them, though I thought I was only 
 feeling a righteous indignation." 
 
 " It is difficult," says one, " to give an idea of her bril- 
 liant playfulness, her lightness of touch, the little inde- 
 scribably dainty and droll descriptions and this while 
 the aching sorrow and faithful love were always there. 
 She was like sunshine in her cheerfulness, and radiance 
 
472 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 and like the tender dew in her intense pity and gentle un- 
 speakable helpfulness, and like a reviving breeze in her 
 strong, clear, decided opinions, and instant perceptions of 
 what was the right thing to do or say." 
 
CHAPTER XXX. 
 
 READJUSTMENT. 
 
 SHE passed the winter of 1873-74 at Cambridge, 
 and the lonely season, apart from all familiar and be- 
 loved surroundings, tried her brave spirit sorely. When 
 in the spring she went to Dunkeld in Perthshire, the 
 place where she had spent happy weeks in 1859, and 
 among the scenes that had such power over her, one sees 
 in her words a revival of the heart. The winter of 1874- 
 75 was passed in Edinburgh, near her beloved Archie 
 and Mary, 1 and in all the after winters her home was under 
 the same roof with them; while most of her summers 
 were henceforth passed at Patterdale. Of her other jour- 
 neyings, the letters themselves will for the most part suf- 
 ficiently tell the story. 
 
 To Mrs. Larimer. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE, Jan. 17, 1874. 
 
 I am thinking, how beautiful your view must be looking 
 this clear, keen day, and I trust all is as well and bright 
 within the happy home as when I saw it last that wild 
 evening when my coming disturbed all the young ones 
 grouped around the dear mother-bird, who looked one of 
 the youngest of the party. I have been reading an interest- 
 ing, thought-rousing paper of Miss Cobbe's on " Hetero- 
 pathy, Aversion, and Sympathy." Were the latter but 
 more perfect ! But it is growing in the race,-and one's own 
 aching heart at least recognizes it to be its legitimate aim. 
 I must, however, always believe happiness a vantage-ground 
 
 1 Married in 1874. 
 
474 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 for the exercise of all virtues. One of the books that I 
 read just now most persistently is lent me by our beloved 
 Mrs. Stirling. It is a very large volume, on " The His- 
 tory of the Doctrine of a Future State." That is for me 
 "the ocean to the river of all thought." I should like 
 you to read Miss Cobbe's paper it is in the " National 
 Review." She seems to think sympathy with joy comes 
 before sympathy with pain, and makes out her case well 
 with regard to animal, savage, and childish life. But I 
 have always noticed that the ruder, the less cultured na- 
 tures one knows nowadays are far more capable of being 
 sorry for you than glad with you. 
 
 You will wonder, however, what sets me off on these 
 topics, and why I don't tell something of the whereabouts, 
 etc. Dear, there is so little to tell. If I described the 
 house, the squalid street, you would think I was complain- 
 ing, and I do not even feel much difference. And though 
 the street is very squalid, and I have seen faces as brutal- 
 ized as in the Old Town of beautiful Edinburgh, this 
 abode stands back from it in a nursery garden, and is 
 quiet and airy as to situation, with about two acres of 
 garden ground in front of it. Very mean and dingy the 
 the little house is, but then, so marvellously cheap. It is 
 really better than I expected, not worse ; and the good 
 woman is sensible and obliging, very fond of discoursing 
 to me. She has been married more than forty years, yet 
 her hair is still black, while her good husband's is white 
 as snow. She lost two children in infancy, and had 
 no others. Her husband is everything to her now. 
 " Lord, mum, I often says to myself, what ever should I 
 do if I lost him ! I don't feel as if I could get on at 
 all ! " And then she rambles off about the nieces and 
 nephews that -have fallen to their share, that they have 
 had "a terrible hand with," or else helped on to some 
 successful industry. 
 
 My one friend, dear Annie Clough, is away just now, 
 
READJUSTMENT. 475 
 
 and when she returns she is too busy with her household 
 to have leisure for companionship. But I am attached 
 to her by happy associations, and the sound of her voice 
 reminds me of the days of life. New voices I shall never 
 care to hear. Letters are really a boon here, linking one 
 with happier lives. Tell me of all your darlings. Now I 
 have seen them, I can realize all you say. Good-by, my 
 dear and very sweet Hannah. Are you sure I did not 
 alienate you by disliking over-much the lecture you so 
 kindly took me to ? I don't feel now as if I ever should 
 be vehement again about anything. I believe that this 
 period of silence will be good for me. Oh, if I could grow 
 like what I love so absolutely ! Never was he vehement 
 against anything that interested others. 
 
 To President Porter. 
 
 DUNKELD, Aug. 13, 1874. 
 
 ... I know that you will expect me to write of my 
 husband, for whose sake alone you are so kind to me. 
 Those lines you so much admire (" There is a sweetness 
 in the world's despair ") made a great impression upon 
 Mr. and Mrs. Lewes. She writes : " I think I never 
 read a more exquisite little poem than the one called 
 4 Christian Resignation,' and Mr. Lewes when I read it 
 aloud at once exclaimed, ' How very fine ! Read it 
 again.' ' To them, apart from its melodiousness, the 
 charm probably lay in the renunciation of a future bliss, 
 the acceptance of love and sorrow here. You know they 
 are Positivists. Oh, Dr. Porter ! You wonder how / 
 can have a doubt of immortality ! The very intensity of 
 my desire, my craving to believe that he, my so inexpress- 
 ibly loved one, lives, as you say, " an intensely real and 
 personal life," defeats itself, I do believe. The over- 
 strained eye loses the power of vision. 1 I was never hope- 
 
 1 Dr. Holmes says, in Elsie Venner : " All wonderful things soon 
 grow doubtful in our own minds, as do even common events, if great 
 interests prove suddenly to attach to their truth or falsehood." 
 
476 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 f ul nor was he though we were so strangely joyous 
 together. Temperament must colour all things, our faith 
 as well as the rest. I strive, I pray, I die to believe what 
 you do, even more and more. I could not let Mrs. Lewes 
 suppose for a moment I thought as she did. Her gentle 
 hand would not put out any light, however irrational she 
 may hold that intermittent ray which yet is my all. She 
 says in reply : " All that goes to my heart of hearts. It 
 is what I think of almost daily. For death seems to me 
 now a close, real experience, like the approach of autumn 
 or winter, and I am gfad to find that advancing life 
 brings this power of imagining the nearness of death I 
 never had till late years." Then again, after alluding to 
 nieces of mine who have been and are with me : " You 
 can feel some sympathy in their cheerfulness, even though 
 sorrow is always your only private good can you not, 
 dear friend ? And the time is short at the utmost. The 
 blessed re-union, if it may come, must be patiently waited 
 for, and such good as you can do to others by loving looks 
 and words must seem to you like a closer companionship 
 with the gentleness and benignity which you justly wor- 
 shipped while it was visibly present, and still more per- 
 haps now it is veiled and is a memory stronger than vis- 
 ion of outward things." I know you will feel an interest 
 in reading her words. I do not forgive me (but you 
 will say truth needs not to be forgiven) /do not think 
 your view of my husband's position as a religious thinker 
 is quite the correct one. If ."the mind that was in 
 Christ," the moral perfectness, the " sweet reasonable- 
 ness," the soul athirst for God, the utter indifference to 
 the outward things which the bulk of human beings seek 
 after if justice, gentleness, purity, if these make a 
 man a Christian, then indeed he was one. But the " per- 
 petual unrest of thought " you allude to was excited by 
 other subjects, and I think far more vital subjects, than 
 any connected with " positive and historical Christian 
 
READJUSTMENT. 477 
 
 faith," There his position had been long denned to him- 
 self. He held, you * know, of the most eminent teachers 
 that they were " raised up by God I do not say mirac- 
 ulously because in my conception all his works are equally 
 miraculous." I have read your sermon with deep atten- 
 tion, and I hope some little profit. But I cannot return 
 to my early conception of Christianity. ... I have read 
 your letter so often I think indeed much of those 
 words, " Be over-solicitous for nothing." And sometimes 
 I have felt that if my mind could like his be more utterly 
 resigned to be or be not immortal, according as Infinite 
 Wisdom should decide, I should have more abiding hope. 
 But I suffer greatly God only knows how I loved and 
 love that sweet spirit given to me by Him, 
 
 Dear thought of God, that God will stQl think on. 
 That line came one day into my head and haunts me often. 
 
 To Miss Lyon. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE, 1874. 
 
 ... I wish such joy and quick throbbing life of course 
 to all the young. And yet I am pretty sure (and you 
 know mine was a youth with plenty of variety and excite- 
 ment) that youth is not the happiest period in any happy 
 life. ... I read much and with intense interest in some 
 directions. The good of a little home is that it affords 
 greater variety of occupations. Your garden is a pleas- 
 ure, and a most healthy one I am sure. How your dear 
 mother loved her garden ! How odd it seems to the 
 young that elderly people should have anything worth 
 calling pleasure ! As we go on, our life includes that of 
 the young. They can hardly understand ours, any more 
 than we can understand the conditions of that other life, 
 to the hope of which we cling, but we know every throb 
 of theirs. I fancy I retain with peculiar vividness my in- 
 tellectual sympathy with the young. 
 
478 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 To Mrs. Larimer: 
 
 CAMBRIDGE, 1874 
 
 Yes, dear, I was in church that is, I was in chapel 
 in an Independent chapel, on Sunday morning ; and 
 though the tears did rain, as they must to the end not 
 here will they be wiped away yet they were not so bit- 
 ter. I was listening to a good, true man, who, daring to 
 tell his hearers how very little he is sure of or even cares 
 to be sure of, has the firmer hold on their minds when he 
 speaks of those things on which he has attained as full a 
 conviction as of his own existence. He has won that 
 great and fundamental faith in God which leads him to 
 have faith also in the instincts of his own God-created 
 nature, and one of the strongest of these he finds to be 
 prayer. Many things grew a little clearer to me as I lis- 
 tened to this Dr. Robertson (a Scotchman plainly), and I 
 should rather like to know him. I do not tell you I can 
 accept all his conclusions, and probably were he not fet- 
 tered, he might think on. But the one important matter 
 is not so much the how people formularize their trust in 
 God, as that they should have it. I was reading your 
 book on Sunday evening, and appropriating from it what 
 I could hold, and feeling strongly that in the holding it 
 lay all the hope of growth. There was great need of 
 elimination, but yet a broad strong light seemed flashed 
 in on my consciousness, and if I did not believe (feebly 
 as yet) that God's purpose is to educate us out of evil, I 
 do not know how I should bear the amount of wrongness 
 I see in myself. Dear, one should not say these things. 
 Friends think it is humility that speaks. Not so ! But 
 then, just as society gets on by that which was not evil at 
 one stage (slavery, for instance) becoming conscious evil 
 at another, and thus being renounced even so in our- 
 selves, these new discoveries of wrongness must involve a 
 higher conception of Tightness. And if the " Power that 
 
READJUSTMENT. 479 
 
 makes for righteousness " be and He must be on the 
 side or rather at the very bottom of these strivings, there 
 is hope. Oh, I have much to overcome ! I lived in and 
 on love the love of one who was myself, my goodness, 
 my wisdom ! There was no seeming need of conflict 
 now it must be all conflict and renouncement. 
 
 To Miss Mary Wrench. 
 
 DUNKELD, June 18, 1874. 
 
 . . . Last evening I was out till ten, gazing at his cot- 
 tage at ours counting the steps between the two ; 
 thinking, thinking ; loving him so absolutely, as he was 
 then, was ever, and surely as he is now ; "a part of all 
 the loveliness he once did make more lovely " to me, 
 whose supreme good he was, and is, and may be even when 
 you speak of us both as passed away. I feel lulled in the 
 strangest trance, as if sorrow had taken some opiate. I 
 am not frightened at the thought of solitude, though I can 
 hardly tell yet. As yet I sit and do nothing half the day. 
 It is all so wonderful ! So much joy, so much grief, and 
 the body's life going on through it all. 
 
 To Mrs. Cotton. 
 
 DUNKELD, 1874. 
 
 ... I went again one evening to see Mrs. , and I 
 
 see that she is a far more interesting person than I sup- 
 posed. I don't know that I have ever erred in over- 
 rating in under-rating, often. As I write the sentence 
 
 the thought of - and Miss occurs. But I could 
 
 not over-rate what Miss was while she liked me, what 
 
 she would always be to those she approved. I think per- 
 haps she lacks indulgence, and that my character requires 
 it especially. I always appropriate the lines 
 
 And you must love me, ere to you 
 I shall seem worthy of your love. 
 
 And I am sure - has the fine and noble qualities I ac- 
 credited her with. 
 
480 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 To the Rev. Allan Menzies. 
 
 NURSERY GARDEN, DUNKELD, July 7, 1874. 
 . . . Nothing gives me the same throb of warm, vivid 
 feeling that used to be so natural, that always now 
 comes as a surprise as to find that my husband's char- 
 acter has been duly appreciated, and that his works are in- 
 fluencing younger minds. Since a notice of the " Essays " 
 appeared in the " Scotsman," I have had some very grati- 
 fying proofs of the deep interest he excited. One of the 
 letters I allude to is from a Dundee man ; judging from 
 the handwriting I should say one of the artisan class ; 
 and the enthusiasm with which he writes of the "mental 
 regeneration " he underwent through the study of " Thorn- 
 dale " gratifies me even more than the tribute paid by a 
 Yorkshire clergyman ; though that is peculiarly precious 
 because it tells of an interview with my husband many 
 years ago, when he was solitary, and / could no more 
 guess what fulness of life lay before me than I can now 
 what may be in store for us in that " further sphere " 
 toward which my whole being must henceforth yearn. . . . 
 I find these words of his in a manuscript book, he has 
 been treating of the rude elementary conception of an 
 angry God : 
 
 Higher thought shall correct this also. You have seen, felt, 
 enjoyed, a thousand times the great gifts of Life. Some day 
 you see the Giver in the gifts. Happiest revelation ! Did any 
 veil lift itself from the sky ? No, but the glory of the sky be- 
 came as it were the glory of God. The light and beauty are to 
 us his glory. 
 
 I always noticed in the upturned and kindling eye that 
 gazed at tree or mountain or cloud, not so much admira- 
 tion as adoration. Only one thing exceeds the loss the 
 love. That lives on, affording me such new experiences 
 as make me understand the growth of a religion better 
 than ever before. Do you know (you will not think me 
 
READJUSTMENT. 481 
 
 blasphemous) that no words so express my consciousness 
 as some of St. Paul's : " I live, yet not I he lives in 
 me." The adored ideal by filling modifies our heart and 
 mind, so that our personality seems merged in another. 
 But this will not be spoken, still less written. 
 
 I was ten days here alone, re-living the summer of 1859. 
 And they were the most living days I have had since he 
 left me. The constant pain seemed to have something 
 under and beyond it. 
 
 . . . When will you come and see me ? You will be 
 truly welcome. I do take interest in these church ques- 
 tions, and shall understand them better when I have 
 heard you speak of them. Only, all these questions seem 
 so merely provisional, so evidently secondary, questions of 
 taste, questions of to-day. The one thing that does mat- 
 ter appears to me : what conception the human race in 
 its development retains or frames of God, and whether its 
 hope of another life strengthens while it changes. 
 
 To Miss Violetta, Smith. 
 
 [1874.] I think it so much better not to write than to 
 swell the flood of merely commonplace productions ; and 
 it should be understood that every educated man and 
 woman can rhyme, but that poetry is and always will be 
 rare. No doubt there are times when the thoughts within 
 us can only be uttered so, but one need not want stran- 
 gers to listen. To me the duty in this age of the world of 
 not writing comes out very strongly 
 
 A thoroughly healthy organization is as rare as genius 
 is. Most of us, when we come to think of it, have an ache 
 or a discomfort located somewhere in our uncomfortable 
 bodies. That is why excitement does us good, it makes 
 us forget our lower range of sensations. Love of some 
 other is the best cure, and mental effort. 
 
 [Christmas Day, 1874.] Mazzini's "Life" came, by 
 which I was deeply interested, and supported somewhat. 
 
482 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 I had felt so desolate I was obliged to go in quest of one 
 as desolate a poor Irish woman, whom I had seen sitting 
 on a doorstep in thick-falling snow. She lived in one of 
 the worst parts of the Old Town. Oh, my Vi, how the poor 
 suffer ! But the dear old soul, the goodness of whose coun- 
 tenance there was no mistaking, was quite cheerful, and 
 full of God's goodness to her. She says she is eighty- 
 eight, but I think it must be seventy-eight ; anyhow she is a 
 wonder and a lesson, and I shall go again for a lesson in 
 courage and patience. She makes patchwork counter- 
 panes ; rags are given to her which she works up, and if 
 she can't sell them she pawns them, and the work 
 " amuses " her. She is kept alive by a son, a laborer 
 who supports wife, six children, sick father-in-law, and 
 aged mother. That is my idea of a good man ! The old 
 woman has the good breeding of her country, and saw me 
 down-stairs with dignified courtesy. When I asked if she 
 were pretty warm in bed she said, " Well, reasonable 
 yes, reasonable " in a tone that will I hope often recur 
 to me as I sit and shiver with all appliances, and a great 
 folding-screen from dear Mr. Constable. 
 
 To Mrs. Cotton. 
 
 PLAS COCH, 1874. 
 
 . . . My Mary, it is a wonderful thing to be capable of 
 intense happiness, and then to live entirely without it 
 save indeed in memory. Two nights ago I dreamed of 
 William, as I seldom do, and the restored joy so natural, 
 so warm, so all-pervading gave me a still fuller con- 
 sciousness of the strange unnatural chill and isolated con- 
 ditions under which I exist with some phosphorescent 
 kind of cheerfulness, that for others lightens the darkness, 
 and with certainly a true if not deep interest in all that is 
 going on for others. I do not say this, dear, complain- 
 ingly, nor even is it a cry of irrepressible anguish, but the 
 wonderfulness of our nature's range has so come home to 
 
RE A DJUSTMENT. 488 
 
 me. I shall never in this life fully know how unhappy I 
 am. The return of joy would reveal as it removed. Only 
 then could one bear to fathom the abyss, when delivered 
 from it forever. 
 
 To Mrs. Cotton. 
 
 EDINBURGH, 1874. 
 
 If you have time for reading, there is a book of Ha- 
 merton's on Animals that is quite amazing. I suppose 
 you too have fogs in London, perhaps even yellower and 
 thicker than ours. I 've been a very poor creature, and 
 have looked startlingly cadaverous. But I have I do be- 
 lieve a strong constitution, and I get round again to the 
 old level. And the time is going on. May '75 be very 
 happy to you both ! Did I tell you I wonder of Mr. 
 
 meeting the B s at dinner and speaking to Lizzie 
 
 much of me in connection with his " dear wife " send- 
 ing me messages of remembrance, and on going away 
 
 saying, " I hope we shall meet again, Mrs. B , for your 
 
 connection with Mrs. Smith brings you very near to me." 
 This touched me. He used to dislike me very much, but 
 that was only a jealousy of an intimate friend. Now that 
 loved one has become a reason for liking me ! Many of 
 our faults are deciduous. Different sides of a character 
 come out to different people you and dear General 
 Cotton always evoke the best. 
 
 THE WAITING ROOM. 
 
 How well within the reach of all 
 
 Life's precious things indeed ! 
 The kindly word, the offering small, 
 
 The slight, spontaneous deed. 
 What " New Year gift " could leave behind 
 
 A sweeter trace than this 
 A sudden impulse, good and kind, 
 
 A country-woman's kiss ? 
 
 The words exchanged were very few, 
 Mere simple talk, no more ; 
 
484 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 But each one's heart the other knew, 
 
 A common garb we wore. 
 Her train came first, she took my hand, 
 
 Held fast, and, saying this 
 " We '11 meet no more on earth," she gave 
 
 A widow- woman's kiss ! 
 
 To Mr. Menzies. 
 
 1874. 
 
 ... I hardly know why, putting down the " Times," in 
 which I have for the second time read Tyndall's address, 
 I should at once turn to talk in this poor way to you. It 
 is all so wonderful ! Here are people thanking him for 
 his very interesting lecture, accepting apparently his con- 
 clusions as the last word in our present state of knowl- 
 edge, and yet I dare say they '11 be in church next Sun- 
 day all the same. Why, I feel my hands grow quite cold 
 with the excitement of the train of thought, the issues 
 seem to me so tremendous. I should wonder how any 
 one can ponder any other subject, did I not know the law 
 of mental perspective, and that some ephemeral matter, 
 matter of the present hour's strong feeling, hides those far 
 mysteries from the gaze ; that some dear presence, and 
 the gladness it brings, may seem to solve them ; or some 
 agony of parting dissipate their importance. But there is 
 one parting, one sorrow, to which this subject must ever 
 be vital above all others. Oh, how I agree with the one 
 who said, " This life without faith in a supreme intelli- 
 gence would be intolerable." Can that deep personal 
 need be only the result of hereditary influence, the teach- 
 ing of countless generations ? Has it been intensified in 
 ages of persecution, so that it still endures, but is it 
 doomed to die out as men are less and less driven by suf- 
 fering to refer all chance of satisfaction to some other 
 world ? I feel that train of thought torturing, but it 
 must come and go. ... Does it not seem to you as if the 
 human mind always grew by exclusively and alternately 
 
READJUSTMENT. 485 
 
 laying stress upon one aspect of a duality ; then suddenly 
 a few see that it is a unity ; that the contrast was but ap- 
 parent ? With the words " natural " and " supernatural " 
 what real difference do we indicate ? Only that between 
 the common and the rare ; for even between the normal 
 and the abnormal there can only be the division between 
 a familiarly known law and one less familiar. 
 
 I should like to know how you have felt this address of 
 Tyndall's. But you, engaged in teaching, in the effort 
 to " lift the life," which he does and all other sound intel- 
 lects must allow to be the noblest result of all our " know- 
 ing and feeling " you cannot torture yourself with the 
 mere intellectual problem. Do you know these words of 
 Victor Hugo, 
 
 " Celui qui ne pense pas est aveugle, 
 
 Celui qui pense est dans 1'obscurite', 
 
 Nous ii'avons que le choix du noir." 
 
 And yet how different the attitude, and how that which 
 thinks and yearns and loves, and strains with wide-opened 
 faculties toward the light its very efforts and defeats pre- 
 sage ; how that call it soul, " mentalized matter," what 
 you will how it must sometimes believe that what we 
 know not now we shall know hereafter ! 
 
 The other day, looking over my husband's manuscript 
 books, I came upon a passage written some twelve years 
 ago, which I take in connection with a clause in Tyndall's 
 speech toward the close : " If, still unsatisfied, the human 
 mind, with the yearning of a pilgrim for his distant home, 
 will turn to the Mystery from which it has emerged, seek- 
 ing so to fashion it as to give unity to thought and faith," 
 etc. This is what my husband has jotted down you 
 can understand with what reverence I turn for help to 
 him : " There may be a normal development of the human 
 mind, according to which certain ideas or truths are gen- 
 erated and become universal faiths. These truths are not 
 presented to us at once in the forms they are destined to 
 
486 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 reach, in the full and perfect form ; but they may have a 
 determined growth, and finally take a form as truth recog- 
 nized by all. Such seems to me the grand idea of God. 
 I do not venture to pronounce that the idea present to my 
 mind is that final idea which will prevail, but it is final to 
 me ; and there will probably come a time when all men 
 sufficiently cultivated will rest in some final idea." 
 
 I like and find help in this thought God developing 
 humanity into ever higher conceptions of his nature, thus 
 raising theirs (for here there must be constant interac- 
 tion) ; at last perhaps some grand perception of Unity, 
 our personality not lost, yet God all in all. 
 
CHAPTEE XXXI. 
 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Loomis. 
 
 EDINBURGH, February 9, 1875. 
 
 . . . Indeed, indeed, if I were with you, you would not 
 find me grown egotistical. I can listen with I think deep- 
 ened interest to all that concerns the lives of others. But 
 when I write (I who have no life any longer) I must re- 
 vert to the one in whom I lived, and for whose sake alone 
 I have any value. . . . You know the one subject that is 
 forever in my mind. That " to be or not to be " is the 
 only question for those whose soul has left them. I have 
 more hope I have but hope. Some profess intuitive 
 certainty. Here is a passage from a little book, D'Oyly 
 Snow's, that helps me much : 
 
 What saves me from a weak uncertain faith, that would be 
 scarcely better than atheism, is the conviction that tidings of 
 God and immortality do not depend on hearsay, or on the cor- 
 rectness of a certain version of ancient history, but that they are 
 by a natural process made gradually to stamp their impression 
 on the mind of the creature as it advances in consciotcsness ; in 
 fact, that it is not by the violation of the universal creative 
 method, but by the working of that method in its ordinary way, 
 that man comes at the hope that is " full of immortality." 
 
 [Extracts from letters to Miss Edith Wrench at different 
 times. ^ 
 
 Every effort made turns into strength. 
 All we haye and are is pure gift. 
 
488 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 Enjoying each other's good is Heaven begun. 
 
 [Speaking of a bit of work done.] It teaches me to en- 
 ter into the pleasure the artistic must have in designing 
 their own patterns. That is the advantage of any even 
 mediocre performance, that it enables you to enter more 
 sympathetically into the higher attainments of others. I 
 wish I had discerned this truth earlier in life, instead of 
 throwing up drawing, etc., because I could not excel. 
 Even in the matter of weeding this small plot, and watch- 
 ing the plants grow, the success will be small indeed, 
 but I enter more fully into the delight of a garden for 
 others. And the extension of our own personality by 
 sympathy is just another word for progress, such as is pos- 
 sible to us in this world, such as we hope for in another 
 and brighter sphere. 
 
 Only supporting supports. 
 
 Oh, to be always as good as one's word, unless there be 
 some grave deliberate reason for rescinding a project! 
 How melancholy it is that people should so habitually 
 neglect their promises ! The value, the imperativeness, 
 of the spoken word, would be the first thing I should im- 
 press upon a child if I had one to educate. 
 
 There is nothing so terrible as ingratitude. That is 
 why it is so dreadful when those who have been kind to 
 one change ; one so fears one has been ungrateful. 
 
 [DuNKELD.] I got on the rough ground above the 
 road, covered with Trientalis, and a lovely little shrub 
 with waxy pink bells, and I saw a scene of glory I shall 
 never forget. The day had been cloudy and showery, but 
 as he got low the sun broke out, and there was a trans- 
 formation indeed. The mountains seen through golden 
 
"LOVE OTHERS TOO. 11 489 
 
 i 
 
 mist might have been Alps in height, and the distant 
 trees were very dark, while the birches in front of me 
 were all interpenetrated with light, and stood bending as 
 in worship before the great glory. Every leaf was quite 
 still, and glistened with rain. How the birds sang ! The 
 cuckoo prattled about it, but some of the thrushes seemed 
 to have caught the very secret of the scene, and to sing it 
 out in a rapture of praise. Ah, my Edith, no world surely 
 can be fairer than this ! 
 
 Every-day life must be lived on the level of cheerful 
 contentment. Looking back through my varied years I 
 can remember with regret how dull I used to find home 
 after some exciting visit ; and I thankfully call up the re- 
 membrance that later my precious mother spoke of my 
 habitual cheerfulness as something priceless to her. To 
 the young I would whisper that life cannot be all conscious 
 vivid enjoyment. I sometimes think I might have done 
 better in my early days if I had known this. Of course 
 our health seems better (because we are too much oc- 
 cupied with other things to notice ups and downs) when 
 we are in new scenes and places ; and I fancy we are 
 never acting more in conformity with the highest guid- 
 ance than when we try to counterbalance the quiet routine 
 by some employment. I was three hours in the woods 
 yesterday, alone, but not alone, and oh, my Edith, how 
 beautiful this stillness was, with gleams of slanting sun- 
 light on moss and stones, and red fir trunks, and such 
 squirrels ! Struan hunted terribly, for I was afraid he 
 never could get out of the thick tangle of rhododendrons ; 
 and afterward in the fern he did catch a rabbit, but I 
 took it from him he did not know how to kill it. The 
 sweet creature was in a swoon of terror, but as I carried 
 it it revived, and its eye brightened, and when the little 
 sportsman was off in another direction I put it into a 
 covert of fern, and believe it will recover. 
 
490 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 DUNKELD, May 10, 1875. 
 
 . . . My dear Edith's letters are always very inter- 
 esting, and give the impression of not having been written 
 in great haste. Whenever you feel hurry in a letter the 
 charm is gone. But during a visit no one can give or 
 ought to give much time to absent friends, and it was very 
 sweet of my chick to write at all, and my generalization has 
 no personal application. You will say that my eyes must 
 be better, seeing my return to my small niggling hand. 
 Well, they are better and worse. Yesterday was a very 
 bad day of doing nothing but nurse Struan and disen- 
 tangle his lovely coat. I fear I shall never have strong 
 eyes again. I have great varieties of discomfort, but oh, 
 I should be thankful to see to have my angel's thought- 
 ful face before me, and the exquisite world in which he 
 loved to help me to realize our Creator's love. I cannot 
 describe the beauty of Dunkeld ; of a new walk Yi and I 
 took on Friday evening, in glades between the Crieff road 
 and river. The cones are wonderful under great firs, quite 
 fresh and smooth as in autumn. They always remind me 
 of my Archie and Mary, and I trust October will find 
 them here again, to pick more and ramble through the 
 woods. I had seven letters yesterday, and expect more 
 to-day. I send you Mrs. Blackie's; is she not kind and 
 generous ? Return her note, I shall keep it for days of 
 dark discouragement, such as come to us all. ... I am 
 feeling very doubtful as to the publication of the Memoir. 
 He was so retiring, and his rest is to me so sacred. Yes- 
 terday I wrote to Mrs. Lewes, and by her judgment I shall 
 abide. 
 
 [Mrs. Lewes's answer was favorable to publication.] 
 
"LOVE OTHERS TOO." 491 
 
 To Mrs. Archibald Constable. 1 
 
 DUNKELD, May, 1875. 
 
 This is a good day with the eyes, and oh, so beautiful ! 
 I think of you all travelling, and perhaps meeting at 
 sunny Aberdovey. I set out with dear Vi this morning 
 to go to the Spanish chestnuts, but the wind turned me 
 back. Struan, after a little indecision, went on with Vi. 
 He is very fond of her. I make too much of him, and 
 never did win much canine devotion. The loveliness was 
 indescribable. My whole soul is expressed in Tennyson's 
 two lines : 
 
 Though mixed with God and Nature thou, 
 I seem to love thee more and more. 
 
 And how this love and sorrow fill and exalt life ! To me 
 they are better than anything but the old joy, fulness of 
 joy in his presence. I cannot tell you what new light 
 seems to break on my soul. 
 
 To President Porter. 
 
 DUNKELD, July 14, 1875. 
 
 How good you are to me ! And for this and all I thank 
 my husband. I was much interested in those records of 
 good and happy lives happy in spite of suffering so 
 peaceful and holy in their close. Most deeply do I feel 
 with you a sadness and a regret that any should be driven 
 by some inexorable logic to relinquish that hope of a fur- 
 ther growth in knowledge and in harmony with the 
 Supreme Will, which gives all their meaning and beauty 
 to such lives. I know indeed that one with Mrs. Lewes's 
 high moral sense would point me to their influence on 
 others ; but if there be no reality corresponding to their 
 own dearest convictions, the whole universe to my think- 
 ing is chaos, for then delusion is stronger for good than 
 recognition of fact. Oh, I cling with unspeakable te- 
 1 Formerly Miss Mary Wrench. 
 
492 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 iiacity to the trust in love outliving this life. I cannot 
 transmute this trust into joy, as more sanguine spirits do, 
 only it is my all. I can indeed see that there is a sort of 
 sublimity in that loose hold upon personality, that con- 
 tentment in subserving the progress of others, which dis- 
 tinguish that gifted woman but those views appall me. 
 And though a few natures are rare enough to dispense 
 with what to others is intuition, instinct, yet they are 
 abnormal, I think at all events they cannot help the 
 suffering. If she lost her all, could she bear the absolute 
 separation? I think not. One has heard and read so 
 much condemnation of Mr. Mill's posthumous Essays, but 
 what struck me most was the admission in the last that 
 in the hope of a future life (which to some can only be 
 thought of as further love) there was nothing contrary to 
 reason. What a step that was for him to take, after the 
 long mutilation of his childhood and his youth. His poor 
 father robbed him of childhood indeed. I wonder whether 
 a book entitled " The Unseen Universe " has been at all 
 cared for in America. It has interested me, but less 
 than a little work, " A Theologico-Political Treatise r> by 
 George D'Oyly Snow, whose line of thought is much the 
 same as the Duke of Argyll's in the " Contemporary " 
 for this month. In that article on Animal Instinct there 
 are many passages which have brought a blessed thrill of 
 hope and trust. You see that to me nothing else signi- 
 fies. 
 
 Lines dated Dunkeld, September 20, 1875 : 
 
 As men born blind must ponder upon light, 
 
 Deaf men on sound, though pondering seems vain ; 
 Since only seeing tells the joy of sight, 
 
 And hearing only music can explain ; 
 
 So I, Beloved, must needs my spirit strain 
 Long as endures life's dark and silent night 
 
 Some image of a future bliss to gain. 
 
"LOVE OTHERS TOO." 493 
 
 Knowledge will widen, that must mean, for thee, 
 God clearer seen in all his power has wrought ; 
 
 And oh, my thinker ! still more bold and free 
 The range and energy of ceaseless thought. 
 
 High hopes are these ; but yet, for one like me, 
 A simple image, with past rapture fraught, 
 
 Seems best to shadow forth what Heaven may be. 
 
 Our life had days and years most glad and fair, 
 
 Yet one joy thrills me still all joys above, 
 Because it rose on an almost despair 
 
 We two were parted ; should we meet ? Oh, Love f 
 I did not dare expect you, You. were there! 
 
 That says it all ; and dying may but prove 
 A like surprise, and give me strength to bear. 
 
 To Miss Violetta Smith. 
 
 [1875.] I am to go to the Infirmary once or twice a 
 week. I was there yesterday and saw a sweet young 
 nurse, who will let me know what day suits. I heard a 
 visitor reading in a loud quick hard voice to seven women, 
 one very weak after a severe operation, a commonplace 
 tract, telling them they might die any moment, and ask- 
 ing them what would become of them. " Which should 
 it be, Heaven or Hell ? Now is the time for choice." I 
 told the nurse that style of ministration was horrible to 
 me ; that if I went, I went as a fellow-creature, certainly 
 inferior in power of bearing pain, lacking that consecra- 
 tion as regarded bodily pain ; went not to teach, but if it 
 might be to give a few moments' variety, and perhaps 
 render some small friendly service, take a message, 
 write a letter, supply some trivial want. The young wo- 
 man plainly understood me. 
 
 The Saturday visit to the Infirmary has much interest 
 in it. The men are so glad of a paper, and there was a 
 quite lovely Highland woman for whom one could do some 
 small service. Yesterday I went again, taking all my 
 
494 LUCY 
 
 Christmas cards for them to look at, and some for the 
 Highland woman to send to her children in Ross-shire, 
 and I have little commissions for some of them, and must 
 return on Christmas day. I sent to Mrs. Dixon for holly 
 from dear Borrowdale, and last evening it came, and 
 Archie went off with it at once, and the nice nurse was 
 " awfully pleased to get it," for they had only box, and 
 were all full of dressing the wards. 
 
 Lines dated Edinburgh, December 6, 1875 : 
 
 WHAT WAS. 
 
 Only a burst of sunlight, 
 
 To shine through a budding tree, 
 Only leaf-stars on the noontide blue, 
 
 Yet a thrill of ecstasy ! 
 And this is the spell works such wonders, Beloved 
 
 J T is the eyes of two that see. 
 
 Only the fire-light flicker 
 
 On our plain green walls at play ; 
 And we, well shut in by storm without, 
 
 At close of our third wet day. 
 " Can comfort, can cheeriness, go beyond this ? " 
 
 So two happy voices say. 
 
 Only the same sweet life 
 
 Nothing startling, strange, and new ; 
 But we find fresh meaning and delight 
 
 In the smallest thing we do ; 
 And the secret of this we have long agreed 
 
 Is that everything 's done by two. 
 
 WHAT IS. 
 
 One lonely creature dragging thro' her life, 
 
 Weeks long as months, and months stretched out to years, 
 
 Waging with sorrow an unending strife, 
 
 Counting for sweetest solace, unchecked tears ; 
 
 All impulse, energy, and motive gone, 
 
 Nothing on earth to call or feel her own, 
 
 Nothing worth doing, since 't is done alone. 
 
"I0FE OTHERS TOO." 495 
 
 This is the lot of one of that glad two ! 
 
 The other's lot but hope grows voiceless here, 
 Though ever straining for some nearer view 
 
 Of his high being in that " further sphere ; " 
 And pressing to her heart, thro* sharpest pain, 
 The thought that he for all his present gain, 
 Waits for the hour will make them two again. 
 
 My sorrow is my throne! 
 
 It lifts me from the dust of earthly care ; 
 'T is calm and peaceful, though so cold and lone 
 
 And wider prospects stretch before me there. 
 
 My sorrow is my crown ! 
 
 A glory round the worn and aching brow ; 
 I would not lay its thorny circlet down 
 
 For any flowers earth has to offer now. 
 
 Yet sometimes I could deem 
 
 I heard his voice, loved voice that guides me, say, 
 " The earth we loved must never trivial seem, 
 
 Although our joy has passed from earth away. 
 
 " Go down, at my behest, 
 
 The smallest, humblest, kindly task to do ; 
 / see the thorn-prints ; hide them from the rest ; 
 
 Because thou lov'st me so, love others too." 
 
CHAPTEE XXXII. 
 
 NOT AS WITHOUT HOPE. 
 
 To Lady Eastlake. 
 
 137 GEORGE STREET, EDINBURGH, February 23, 1876. 
 I HAVE just laid down your delightful paper on the 
 " Two Amperes," dearest Lady Eastlake, and I want so 
 much to talk with you about it. It brings me into such a 
 new world opens out such fresh vistas of what life may 
 be to the rarer spirits whose full development has been 
 fostered by circumstances. I long to know more about 
 Ballanche, that tender faithful soul content to give it- 
 self away, " hoping for nothing again." I am so struck 
 with all you say about the " Salon," and its necessary con- 
 ditions, which indeed can never be found here, where for 
 the most part speech seems an effort, a struggle seldom 
 an impulse where the talk is known to be dull ac- 
 cepted as such where indeed no one speaks, as the birds 
 sing, from some sweet constraint of joy or sorrow where 
 remark after remark, like a damp match, amounts to a 
 momentary friction hardly a spark, and lights nothing. 
 I remember indeed in the living days long talks with my 
 husband when his bright thought poured out freely and 
 gave me a new sense, and I shall never forget a conver- 
 sation between him and Mrs. Lewes but for the most 
 part I have never lived with talkers. Our loved friend 
 [Mrs. Jones] used to take such delight in conversation, 
 for which she had herself every requisite. But I don't 
 think it ever occurred to me that it was a thing that could 
 be cultivated. No doubt Madame Molil is right, and 
 something should be done early in life. One sentence in 
 
NOT AS WITHOUT HOPE. 497 
 
 your charming paper went straight to my heart : " Strength 
 of conviction, not so much intended to be the present sup- 
 port as the final fruit of intense mental anguish." It is a 
 wise and profound remark. 
 
 The winter is over. It has been as peaceful and pleas- 
 ant as may now be. These dear ones are all one could 
 wish, and friends very kind. I have recovered the power 
 of using my eyes very freely, and have read much. 
 Theodore Parker I often find helpful. Sometimes Past 
 and Future seem bright at all events the trembling 
 hope is felt as the most precious, the only precious thing. 
 
 To the Rev. Allan Menzies. 
 
 EDINBURGH, 1876. 
 
 I wonder whether you know Clodd's little books for 
 children, "The Childhood of the World" and "of Reli- 
 gions." I read them with great interest, and feel perfect 
 conviction that they embody the truth, the real facts, as 
 to the manner of growth of the great ideas in the minds 
 of men. Then comes that aching question : Is this, the 
 last word of the highest knowledge and most earnest 
 thought of the present day is this to be outgrown too, 
 like those earlier conceptions ? How different an attitude 
 the most religious minds of the day (if at all intelligent) 
 must take from that of a St. Bernard, in whose mind the 
 idea of progress of the race had never dawned : or even of 
 the worthy divines of thirty years ago, who believed in an 
 immutable form of spiritual life. Now, we suspect that 
 much that we cling to still may be left behind. The good 
 side of it is the toleration. And one does, at least I do, 
 feel quite positive as to what has become to me simply 
 unthinkable ; and however vague one's ideas may be, I 
 am sure it is right to be true, and not to pretend to enter- 
 tain what one has really left behind. 
 
 Archie bought that book of Theodore Parker that I saw 
 at Abernyte. I read it with as much agreement as is 
 
498 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 possible. But his was a remarkably spiritual nature. 
 His soul was attuned for the highest and holiest. Still, 
 it is only the more highly gifted that help the lesser, and 
 the poorest of us is God's creature. 
 
 I like to hear of your teaching. I sometimes wish I 
 could betake myself to some sick ward of a hospital, and 
 try to make a ten minutes easier for any. But I dread 
 moving in any matter. If the work came to me, I would 
 thankfully do what I could, being indeed " free of the 
 guild of woe ; " but the work would come if I were better 
 fitted for it. I think with Emerson that what belongs to 
 us "gravitates toward us." 
 
 I am so glad you have Hobab. That dumb affection is 
 often a great comfort. 
 
 To Miss Violetta Smith, 
 
 [1876.] How conversant I am with that sense of the 
 futility of one's efforts to do a little good! I do so un- 
 derstand your feeling when the poor soul went to sleep ! 
 However, if we make others familiar with us, a time 
 comes when we are of such use as for the most part one 
 human being can be to the unrelated lives outside our 
 deepest love. I shall have plenty of the same experience, 
 now that I have undertaken to go to the Infirmary. It 
 struck me as such a pity to live on without trying to give 
 afflicted ones such slight variety as a visit from a fellow- 
 creature not wanting to preach might give. I shall take 
 the day's paper and a few grapes, and though I don't ex- 
 pect to feel my visits of any use or even conscious comfort 
 to any of the sufferers, I shall try to go on. 
 
 Most assuredly I know well what you mean by absence 
 of growth in many excellent people. I have indeed been 
 accustomed to define certain acquaintances as young, at 
 whatever age, because growing. Some people cease grow- 
 ing quite early, have no power of liking a new fact, 
 
NOT AS WITHOUT HOPE. 499 
 
 scarcely a new book. When people see nothing as beau- 
 tiful as they saw in their early days for instance, it is a 
 sign that they are no longer impressionable, have set for 
 once and all into a definite shape, will never grow from 
 within a little perhaps from accretion. 
 
 For the matter of a perfect sincerity, I must always 
 think it of great moment to be truthful, and never to seem 
 to like much what we in point of fact like little. But 
 then if we can do any good turn to any one, we do like 
 them for that very reason ; and there are relations where 
 friendliness is perhaps Imperative. In theory we might 
 debate the case long ; practically, I don't think there is 
 much difficulty. But if a person be markedly distasteful 
 to me, I think it most probable the same want of rapport 
 affects that person in the same way, and I do not feel I 
 am depriving such a one of any pleasure by keeping aloof. 
 But I think one likes almost everybody with some amount 
 of sincere liking, whether admiration or compassion or 
 sympathy prevails. So many suffer and pity is closely 
 akin to love. It is only untruthful people that I feel any 
 shrinking from. And one's benevolence grows in propor- 
 tion as one expects and even wishes no return, " hoping 
 for nothing again." 
 
 PLAS COCH, LIANBEKIS, WALES, April 4, 1876. 
 . . . The house is quite unchanged, and we are in the 
 quiet country. Deep snow yesterday, and inexpressibly 
 cold. When I think of the blessedness I have known 
 here, and how all that I loved and love, in the one abso- 
 lute unqualified sense, lived and thought his high thoughts 
 in this room, I still feel a glow of intense feeling almost 
 like happiness I I am sure, dear one, I don't know when 
 I did write, but I think my letter to Archie must have 
 told of my first interview with dearest Mr. Carpenter. I 
 was of course a good deal with my Clara, spent Monday 
 
500 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 with her and great part of Tuesday. Tuesday evening I 
 saw Dr. Allen, and I think I told Archie how he " under- 
 stood." I was minded to send " Gravenhurst " to Dr. Hil- 
 bers, whose kindness I shall never forget, and I 'm glad 1 
 did. Wednesday brought George and Effie they are a 
 dear pair. The Aquarium, enchanting but ill-ventilated 
 place, where we spent two hours ; and then the agitation of 
 witnessing Mr. Carpenter's anguish and resignation ; and 
 a long, late walk all together were too much. Thursday 
 I could hardly look up. Friday was divided between 
 Augusta and Clara ; Saturday the same, Augusta going 
 with me to our Aome, and oh, the 'tender grace with which 
 she knelt and laid her offering of lily-of-the-valley and 
 forget-me-not there ! I can't tell how lovingly I admire 
 her. She is all and more than her early promise, and her 
 life a romance. How she is admired and deferred to by 
 men of all ages, and women are equally devoted. People 
 are so very, very kind to me ! Sunday brought dear An- 
 nie Clough in the morning ; George and Clara dined ; 
 then Augusta came and walked with me to Mr. Carpen- 
 ter's, waiting for me. The blessed old man gave me the 
 enclosed. Must not his son have been a noble compound ? 
 His sailor son is with the Challenger, and saved a life 
 very nobly some time ago. I went to St. Paul's with Au- 
 gusta, and the day was a busy one. 
 
 Monday such frantic wind and rain I did not go out. 
 Spite of the weather, Clara came in the morning ; then 
 Augusta, to sing to me ; and while she was there Miss 
 Thackeray called with Eugenie's dear little nieces. Au- 
 gusta, with her sweet tact, took possession of the chil- 
 dren, and Miss Thackeray and I spoke out of our hearts 
 to each other. She is very dear, and simple and sweet 
 as gifted people are. I felt it an interest to hear her 
 speak of her father, and her love, intense love, for him. 
 What with letters and people that day was full ; I wrote to 
 several, too. We came off on Tuesday, I taking a most 
 
NOT AS WITHOUT HOPE. 501 
 
 beautiful homeless tabby to Miina. How well he trav- 
 elled, purring when the train stopped, and never moving 
 till we got to Chester. George and Clara travelled with 
 
 us to Victoria. Dear Amy G met me at the station 
 
 I fear our last meeting and parting. She lifted up her 
 voice, and what she called me ! all that his wife ought to 
 be. Dearest Mr. Cotton too was there, all love and kind- 
 ness. Dear Sophy too came, and when we departed I 
 thought there were three friends who would tvfrn to each 
 other and say gracious things of the poor " mutilated life " 
 once so blessed. Altogether, dear, I felt the last three 
 weeks helpful. It was such an atmosphere of glowing 
 warmth and tenderness. Augusta's caring for me touches 
 me, her life is so full. Rebecca was all true sisterliness, 
 and did many a sweet little turn. You know how warm 
 a welcome Hessie gave. The dear puss was much appre- 
 ciated. It was a good thing for him I went to Brighton. 
 Yesterday Vi and I were off early, meaning to walk to 
 dear Betty's, but there was kind Jane Browne with her 
 vehicle, and we got driven there. Poor Jane had much 
 to tell me of her husband's beautiful death. . . . She was 
 very affectionate, and had such a box of new-laid eggs 
 for me. It was most kind of her to give us that lift to 
 and fro. . . . Nine children in this house, and the hus- 
 band smokes inveterately bad tobacco ! I don't mind, 
 though, and dear Vi will, I trust, be well here. 
 
 To the Rev. Allan Menzies. 
 
 BRIGHTON, April, 1876. 
 
 I think of you this bright April morning, and am glad 
 that I can see your church, with its attentive congrega- 
 tion, and you in the pulpit, and even the long-ladled boxes 
 for the collection, all so clearly in my mind's eye. I have 
 often thought of you since we last met, but the impulse to 
 write grows I fear feebler. I do not, however, mean to 
 resign myself passively to this. I notice as years go on 
 
502 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 people have a very general tendency to leave off letter 
 writing. This must show a little deadening and narrow- 
 ing of sympathy, and tends to increase it. One must fight 
 it tooth and nail. To me throughout life it has been a 
 great interest to receive letters, and that 's not to be had 
 without writing them. And even now they help me much, 
 and when some heart has poured itself out to me thus, I 
 am stronger all the day through. ... I am sending you 
 a paper thkt has interested me, but probably to you the 
 train of thought may have no novelty. I remember that 
 during the last winter my husband was looking over 
 Feuerbach, and one day said, " It prompts a reaction." 
 The suffering of animals does weigh terribly on many 
 minds, but perhaps there is necessity in existence of any 
 kind to include pain, and one ventures to hope that in 
 them pleasure far exceeds. Of course I dissent strongly 
 from the clause at the end of page 14. I need no " dia- 
 bolic essence " to quicken conscience. I can believe in 
 evil as the element which is always being revealed by 
 higher knowledge, and the resisting of which is growth 
 and life. But it is all very interesting and ingenious. 
 Did you ever see Ruskin's " Fors Clavigera " ? The 
 humour and the madness and the wisdom make them a 
 unique compound. 
 
 PLAS COCH, LLANBERIS, May 6, 1876. 
 
 ... It came across me the other night, driving by 
 moonlight through this grand and solemn Pass, that one 
 might read those words, " Sorrow not even as others that 
 have no hope," in an inverse sense to the generally re- 
 ceived. " Sorrow not less, but more ! You who have hope 
 need not fear to fathom the unfathomableness of your 
 earthly loss. You who have hope need never seek to get 
 rid of your sacred Sorrow. You may safely receive her, 
 a life-long inmate of your inmost heart. There she will 
 dwell, suffering nothing low or worldly to dwell with her. 
 Sorrow greatly, abidingly, consciously, thankfully you 
 who have hope ! " 
 
NOT AS WITHOUT HOPE. 503 
 
 PLAS COCH, LIANBEBIS, May 20, 1876. 
 
 I write to you, dear Mr. Menzies, less for any definite 
 reason, such as thanking you for your very valuable de- 
 scription of Seathwaite might afford, than from a restless 
 misery which has oppressed me ever since I received the 
 enclosed note yesterday. It brought back the very worst 
 phases of the sorrow which of late has been growing gen- 
 tler and more lit up by hope. Mr. M is I am sure 
 
 a man of fine intellect and tenderly affectionate nature, 
 and the renunciation of the great idea of continued life 
 gives him pain. But he is renouncing it. Is it some 
 " cowardly shrinking " on my own part from a growing 
 conviction that makes me suffer so acutely ? If my own 
 convictions were firmer, should I be thus vulnerable ? I 
 have read that article in the " Contemporary," but it does 
 not shake my belief in a Power manifesting itself in 
 Humanity, but even to the consciousness of Humanity 
 manifesting itself in many other ways. The instinctive 
 tendency to worship can never, to my mind, find its ade- 
 quate object in the progressive race of which each one of 
 us is a fraction. I feel that these words of my husband 
 are reasonable : " Religion undoubtedly means more than 
 a belief in God, but it means this first of all. Our cate^ 
 chism tells us that it includes love to our neighbour, 
 and philosophers tell us that it binds society together ; but 
 it binds society together and cultivates our social affec- 
 tions by the aid of those sentiments that spring from the 
 relation between the creature and the Creator." On that 
 head I cannot understand Positivism being irresistible. 
 Humanity has been evolved into fuller perception of the 
 beauties of this little world, of the glories and laws of the 
 starry heavens, but it has not itself to thank for the deli- 
 cate beauty of the tiniest moss, and something in its na- 
 ture " claims kinship with the stars." We must adore 
 something that embraces Humanity and muck more. 
 Define we cannot. Is your life too busy a one for any 
 
504 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 anguish of this vain endeavour? And why should Pos- 
 itivism be found " irresistible " on that other subject of 
 continuity of life? The more we think and know, the 
 greater our perception of our individual life as part of a 
 whole ; that was never I think more constantly put out 
 than by my own teacher and guide. Do you remember 
 that passage in " Thorndale," chapter 3 : " But in thy 
 hands, O Rhadamanthus, judge of the dead, what is this 
 solitary soul ? " 1 one passage amongst many. The very 
 word " solidarity " is but a recently adopted one among 
 us, but the fact had been very early dwelt on by him. It 
 seems to me that man as he progresses is less under the 
 tyranny of this solidarity, no longer liable to that conta- 
 gion of the imagination that rendered possible many of the 
 epidemics of the Middle Ages. Such phenomena as the 
 dancing madness, etc., are hardly possible in our civiliza- 
 tion ; though indeed Irvingism and speaking with tongues, 
 to say nothing of Moody-and-Sankeyism, should make us 
 hesitate in saying this. However, on the whole, the indi- 
 vidual does seem in proportion to his scientific knowledge 
 to be, so to speak, more self-contained, practically more 
 individual, while he realizes increasingly his dependence 
 upon the past for all that he is now, and that he has no 
 life except as part of an " organic whole." But this only 
 enlarges our sense of personality. There is no contradic- 
 tion between the two facts, as we apprehend them now. 
 Why may not this dualism, so to say, of knowing our- 
 selves as a part, and feeling ourselves " rounded to a sep- 
 arate soul," endure ? I cannot think the instincts of the 
 race have deceived it up to this present time, and that man 
 is to grow satisfied with the perception of one of these 
 truths. But I do think this Religion of Humanity is a 
 great reaction from the mere Theology that has been so 
 long taught, and that the renunciation by so many men of 
 high intelligence of the thought of immortality is a violent 
 1 See page 198. 
 
NOT AS WITHOUT HOPE. 505 
 
 protest against the hideous dogma of eternally tortured 
 beings. I suffer so ! All these subjects are for me 
 steeped in my heart's blood. You see it was, it is, no 
 ordinary love that bears this doom of separation. He in- 
 spired a quite different feeling, even in his nieces, even in 
 people who knew him but little. If I did not believe 
 hope think abidingly that he lives in God, as we live 
 in God, my own life would be utterly hideous and un- 
 bearable to me. My love for him grows and grows. You 
 see I owe to him such a vivid life, vivid joy. His very 
 presence was fulness of joy. During those years I crossed 
 the room on the most trivial errand with something of the 
 freedom and ecstasy of flight. All things were intensi- 
 fied, had boundless meaning, fragrance, were outlets " into 
 infinity." I have said to him, not knowing what I said, 
 on my Mount Tabor, " This is Eternity ! " If I have 
 hope (I do not need to define our reunion, any more than 
 the nature of God) the love strengthens me to try and 
 purify myself even as he is pure. If not ! This letter is 
 just a cry. If you have any strong conviction, strong need 
 to hope, tell me anything sustaining. Is Mr. Stevenson 
 an on-looker, or satisfied with just our present knowing in 
 part? I cannot go for my faith to the Bible, and indeed 
 on this subject it holds very little ; but the divinest char- 
 acter we know of had this assumption of higher life, un- 
 derlying all the morality he taught. To-day I cannot 
 turn to any other subject. 
 
 PLAS COCH, June. 18, 1876. 
 
 It was good and kind of you, dear Mr. Menzies, to think 
 about me and to write to me again. Your letters are al- 
 ways very welcome. The intolerable pressure of hopeless- 
 ness which I seemed rather to foresee than to feel, but 
 its cold shadow withers up the life did not last long. 
 I will not to-day touch upon the subject from the stand- 
 point of thought. I have been thinking intensely, as the 
 solitary can, all the morning, and turn to my letters for 
 
506 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 the relief that society gives. But I will just write down 
 lines that gushed from my heart the other evening, and 
 which will tell you how it has been with me of late. 
 
 On one of the spurs of Snowdon : June 2. 
 
 My angel out of sight, how could I bear 
 
 The sunset glory of this summer eve, 
 
 When all the hills their purplest shadows wear, 
 
 And all the clouds their rosiest hues receive, 
 
 How could I bear it, did I not believe 
 
 Thy present sphere is yet more perfect and more fair. 
 
 Oh, but that deep down in my secret heart 
 Such trust all fear and doubting underlies, 
 Glories like these, in which thou hast no part, 
 What could they be but torture to my eyes ? 
 Better the dreariest scene, the darkest skies, 
 Better no more to be if thou no longer art. 
 
 But since, Beloved, while I sit and gaze 
 
 Upon the pageant of the earth and sky, 
 
 My heart still throbs with thankfulness and praise, 
 
 For what thou lovedst in our days gone by, 
 
 I know thou must be living life more high, 
 
 Seeing and serving God in nearer, nobler ways. 
 
 And so it is. My love grows ever more and more, is 
 all my personal life. How could I live did I not hope ? 
 But he would say, " Turn to other subjects." 
 
 I am glad you saw my ideal of young womanhood, 
 
 Augusta S , and wish you had had more talk with 
 
 her. Her face is fraught with intellect and feeling ; and 
 every movement is so graceful it makes one say what 
 Florimel said to Perdita which I might misquote, and 
 which you know, so I won't get up for my Shakespeare. 
 She and I had not met for ten years till we met last 
 March, and the interval we found had but drawn us 
 nearer. 
 
NOT AS WITHOUT HOPE. 507 
 
 To a Friend. 
 
 It is my hope that you will make in new and con- 
 genial friends. You must learn to take the initiative. 
 You are a very bright darling, and if you would only give 
 yourself the rein, many that you think dry and unsympa- 
 thetic would be far more genial and pleased than you 
 suppose. It is no one's fault it is the merest trifles that 
 seem to isolate. If you were stronger in health, you would 
 not feel these chills. Augusta has quoted such an excel- 
 lent saying of mine (! !) that I must give you the benefit 
 of it. It seems that when she went to Edinburgh, I, in- 
 troducing her to some friends, said, " You must mix up a 
 good deal of yourself with them, and then you will thor- 
 oughly like them ! " Oh, my dear one, act upon that ! 
 
 To Mr. Thomas Constable. 
 
 PLAS COCH, May 29, 1876. 
 
 ... I think you know that I am going to stay here for 
 the summer. I hope in one way or other to be able to do 
 this, even if the Khedive be finally ruined by the stock- 
 jobbing crew the worst offenders of our modern days, 
 " spreading ruin and scattering ban," for the poor return 
 of personal wealth. However, they have their functions no 
 doubt, like vultures and other ravagers, and they must 
 have a hard time of it too, and lose much that is " free to 
 the poorest comer." ... I wish I had seen that notice in 
 the " Guardian " of " Gravenhurst," from which I see a 
 pleasant passage extracted. That " step so light yet firm " 
 was characteristic of the man as well as the author. The 
 personality touched one as lightly as does a sunbeam, 
 but it colored all one's world and raised the spirit's tem- 
 perature. The majority have a heavy, opaque personality, 
 mere resistance to another self. . . . These mountains are 
 better than most things and how the birds sing! 
 Archie has lent me helpful, thoughtful books not that I 
 
508 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 can go far with them, but they give one strength to reach 
 a point where if the ways fork one sees 't is to meet again 
 at the end. 
 
 To Mrs. A. Constable. 
 
 PLAS COCH, July 20, 1876. 
 
 . . . Now I must tell you of the past week. Do you 
 know, I can quite believe that solitude might grow to be 
 one's consciously best time? Only one would want a 
 wider range of books. Every evening I wandered in 
 lovely places. On the fourteenth, the day William came 
 to Patterdale, I sat long on a green hill we loved, saw the 
 shining sea on one hand, Snowdon on the other, glowing 
 like molten iron in the sunset, near me the peaceful sheep, 
 overhead plovers all so peaceful, so like the past. And 
 there I sat, and read his letters, and thanked God for my 
 creation. No companionship can ever give me such in- 
 tense feeling as these lonely hours. But variety is no 
 doubt good for one ; prevents one's getting, as one easily 
 might, exclusive ; and that very intensity of agony and 
 rapture requires to be rested from. Indeed I feel, con- 
 trasting myself as I am with others and as I am there, 
 alone with him, that with very little exaggeration I might 
 say " whether in the body or out of the body I cannot 
 tell." Looking back through the empty years, a few such 
 evenings of sunset glow, in the sky and in my soul, stand 
 out as the only intervals of life in the old sense. But 
 then, there are the dark hours, and the weary eyes, and 
 the eating in of the un uttered thoughts ; and I am thankful 
 for the intervals of human fellowship, and quite sure, my 
 darlings, that it will be far better for me to winter with 
 you than anywhere else ; though I would not have your 
 plans inconveniently modified, the more so that I feel I 
 shall be 110 advantage in a pecuniary sense, or enable you 
 to have better rooms this winter. This summer I have 
 .45 less than usual, but then I am spending less only 
 
NOT AS WITHOUT HOPE. 509 
 
 twenty-five shillings for the rooms, and very little for eat- 
 ing. Every week that comes round, I have to put some- 
 thing in Mrs. Williams's bill, and this little fight, in which 
 I always prevail, keeps up a delusion of being rather rich 
 than otherwise. She is a nice little woman, so obliging 
 and kindly ; and as to a little moulding of facts to make 
 them fit in, that does not offend me. The girl Elizabeth 
 is so pretty that I quite overlook her want of head, and she 
 is such a gentle, timid creature that one can say anything. 
 I have had a feeling of their being fond of me, if you will 
 excuse my saying so, and was therefore glad to be told by 
 
 Miss D that Mrs. Williams said " I was an angel " ! 
 
 I wonder why, considering that the only notice I ever take 
 of her eight children is to beg to have them silenced. 
 
 Miss D called on Saturday. She is singularly kind, 
 
 with that generous kindness that likes to dwell upon the 
 possessions of others. She seems to take a positive pleas- 
 ure in dwelling upon the bliss that was mine, and that she 
 firmly believes will be again. I think her an admirable 
 woman. I know few who are so easy and satisfactory to 
 talk with, " quick at the uptak',' ' and with a courtesy that 
 is flattering. On Saturday afternoon I had a telegram 
 from the dear sailor, and he came by the ten train, but 
 went first to the hotel to shake off his dustiness and order 
 his room. He was in such good looks. The beautiful 
 white teeth light up his grave and rather reluctant smile. 
 I could fancy his having had some singular experiences. 
 He sees so much of reckless, desperate life on the coast of 
 Peru, lives so much where you must carry your revolver 
 and are likely enough to witness an assassination, that he 
 must take a wider view of human nature than those who 
 live in decencies forever. Yet one would stake something 
 worthier than one's life upon his uprightness and purity. 
 He is a man you could go with anywhere, sure of his cool 
 courage. You remember how years ago I was supported 
 by his sitting upon the gunwale of the boat that tossed us 
 
510 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 a mile from shore to the packet. He is a good listener^ 
 and if the sentiment chances to be one he feels but could 
 not express, endorses it emphatically. I felt we were en 
 rapport, but he is not a talker ; considers it probably very 
 immaterial what he thinks or does not think, an acci- 
 dent not affecting in any perceptible degree the course of 
 events. He thinks marriage such a fearful risk ; said, half 
 to himself, " Now there was my uncle ; I don't suppose 
 one woman in a million would have suited him." He has 
 evidently a deep feeling about his uncle. As I sat with 
 him in the sweetest nooks of a brook on Sunday, and 
 showed him the English wild flowers, unfamiliar to his eyes 
 (he has been at sea since the age of fifteen), oh, how I 
 wished for him the joy I felt, we felt, together ! He is 
 affectionate to his own family, and adored by them, and 
 tenderly devoted to his father. We were out all the morn- 
 ing, despite the heat ; and in the evening I took him a 
 drive, and we walked to the lakes below Snowdon ; and 
 when he went away I had an odd feeling of having been 
 cdive, such as I often have after dreams. I have a strange 
 affection for him, a little fear of tiring him, a sense that 
 there is in him much that is unfathomed, and a feeling 
 that his uncle likes our being together. He talks of send- 
 ing me a chinchilla. Think what a darling! He de- 
 scribed the feel of it as of a " handful of smoke." It is 
 quite gentle and tame. I have scruples about taking it, 
 they are so seldom brought alive to this country. It 
 would be a great responsibility. Of course it likes warmth, 
 and in Edinburgh it would have to live always near the 
 fire. It has a cage, but would gladly come out and run 
 about, only it nibbles, like a squirrel. I am sure Archie 
 would like it. I don't know whether it will come or not, 
 and don't know what to wish. It must be an exquisite 
 creature. There is no trouble with it ; it eats any green 
 thing or any fruit, apple or apple-paring. Tell me how 
 you will feel if I announce that I have got it. 
 
NOT AS WITHOUT HOPE. 511 
 
 The Miss D referred to in this letter writes of her 
 
 friend as follows : 
 
 " My idea and remembrance of her is contained in one 
 short sentence the noblest, most thoroughly noble 
 woman I ever knew, and the most humble and sympathiz- 
 ing utterly unselfish. I mean by humble the uncon- 
 sciousness she showed of her own gifts and attainments, 
 in her intercourse with the less gifted. And she had that 
 rare and sacred gift, the power to wake the best in every 
 one, and send them away feeling old energies revived, old 
 hopes quickened, the world not all dry and desolate since 
 it still held so gracious a presence, so full a sympathy. Of 
 her great mental gifts others are better fitted to speak, 
 but to me it was the heart, the spirit, the tone, which 
 blessed five years only of my life, but changed it, and is 
 now a part of it, though she has been lost to us outwardly 
 for six years. You know something of what she was to 
 me, but only I know the depth and extent of her influ- 
 ence and help, or how entirely she was a ' light in a star- 
 less night ' to me. Well I remember the first meeting 
 coming out of the little Welsh church one evening, and 
 seeing her sitting in the porch, listening to 4 the sweet 
 Welsh hymn,' as she said when I held the door open 
 (thinking she was going in to hear the sermon, not know- 
 ing who she was I was leaving before the sermon, as it 
 was the Welsh service that evening). Then she rose and 
 walked in my direction, and even in that short walk I 
 began to know what she was. A day or two after she 
 came to see me, and then, until she left, I saw her only 
 seven times altogether. Then the dear letters and 
 then, the end. 
 
 "Two of these meetings espBcially remain as pictures 
 in my memory. Once, she was sitting on a grassy slope 
 near the church, looking toward the Lake and Snowdon, 
 with such a look in the beautiful dark eyes not suffer- 
 ing exactly, the word ' pathetic ' suits it better and 
 
512 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 her smile that evening I can see now. The other vision 
 of her is yet more vivid. She and Edith had been at 
 Mount Hazel by the seashore, where she and her husband 
 once lived ; and in the twilight she came in on her way 
 home to give me a white pebble and seaweed from the 
 beach. Her dear eyes were full of light, and her cheek 
 flushed, and her black veil had the dew of the autumn 
 evening upon it ; and she spoke a few sweet words about 
 the old life there, and of still knowing he was near her 
 4 my dearest out of sight.' 
 
 " Was ever sorrow so unselfish as hers ! It never 
 closed her heart to that of others, who, if I may judge 
 by my own feeling, looked upon her as one guarded, set 
 apart, by her sacred grief, from intrusion of theirs. But 
 she drew it out by her magic sympathy, and then came 
 the flow of wise, helping, raising encouragement. Many 
 more than will ever be fully known in this world owe the 
 restoration of life and hope to her, in her own widowhood 
 and loss of personal happiness if indeed that is a true 
 description of the dear heart which felt as its own the 
 joy of those she loved. And then the thought for her 
 friends the exquisite work she would adorn their houses 
 with ! Even during a few day's stay in London, she 
 would find time for copying a beautiful design in needle- 
 work for a country cottage. Oh, to be more like her, 
 not only to admire and reverence ! " 
 
 To Mrs. Lorimer. 
 
 PLAS COCH, LLANBERIS, July 31, 1876. 
 ... I have a very early friend with me, have had for 
 
 a fortnight, Sophy L . Her sister, one of the loved 
 
 band out of sight now, was especially dear to me, but this 
 is a precious friendship so old and so familiar. She was 
 a shy child of twelve and a half, I a girl of fifteen, when 
 we first knew each other, and though we have not been 
 much together of late years there is a perfect ease and 
 
NOT AS WITHOUT HOPE. 513 
 
 confidence between us, not the necessity for any effort 
 or restraint. Dear Sophy is a very sweet, gentle, high- 
 minded woman, a beauty for her age, and so graceful I 
 like to watch her. She paid us three visits in the days of 
 my life, and William liked and admired her very much, 
 and then she had a most beautiful voice. . . . This day 
 week she and I walked up Snowdon and back, taking- 
 it quietly and seeing glorious views of far and near, the 
 Wicklow mountains being indigo blue over a bright blue 
 sea, till we arrived at the hut at the top. A high wind 
 suddenly sprang up, and gravel and dust flew blindingly 
 about, and then white clouds came up rapidly from the 
 north, and swept the lower hills, and rose till they swal- 
 lowed us up, and we really thought we should have to 
 sleep there. A tourist with an excellent countenance 
 said, " This is the very time for a sing" and as we all 
 cowered around the fire and the wind rattled our shelter- 
 ing hut, he took Moody and Sankey's little volume of 
 hymns out of his pocket, and struck up spirited airs, 
 " Hold the Fort," and many others, all new to me ; not 
 so, however, to some of the guides, who chimed in and 
 though one would no longer have put one's deepest hopes 
 into the same words, still there was a power and sweet- 
 ness too in the hymns ; and I felt my enmity to those 
 evangelists greatly modified. When the wind lulled, 
 Sophy and I marched off into the mist, for the path was 
 good, and there was light enough for the next step, and 
 we got back at ten, not overdone, and drawn the closer by 
 the experience. I cannot tell you how the old life seems 
 to reanimate me on the mountains, when seeing the 
 splendours seen and loved by him, when he looked at 
 the earth and sky, and I saw their beauty best in his de- 
 light. 
 
 I liked Lord Shaftesbury's speech on the Eastern ques- 
 tion, and his declaration that he would rather have the 
 Russians than the Turks at Constantinople. I think pub- 
 
514 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 lie opinion will grow strong in that direction, and shake 
 off the ally of the past with horror ; not because he is 
 Mohammedan, but because driven to such cruel warfare, 
 and guilty of incapacity to control the savage hordes that 
 eke out his army. 
 
 To Mr. Archibald Constable. 
 
 PLAS COCH, Sept. 17, 1876. 
 
 I know my kind Archie will like to know that Fiske 
 came at the very moment I wanted just that sort of read- 
 ing. I was so worn out I staid in bed for breakfast, and 
 rested myself with those grand attainments to scientific 
 facts with which we blend, which give us the energy 
 and the impulse to blend, high hopes and the sweet trust- 
 fulness of " infants crying in the night," " knowing a 
 father near." I want my darling Mary to have some of 
 this excitement. I do believe that just the effort, the up- 
 ward gazing after those who soar, is more favourable to 
 health than any drug. Bromide is the fashionable mis- 
 chief just now, and I believe very deleterious. It 's all 
 guess-work as yet, and doctors have not got beyond sub- 
 stituting one complaint, one abnormal condition, for an- 
 other. Such is my firm belief. 
 
 THE MORE EXCELLENT WAY. 
 
 " To love is the great glory, the last culture, the highest happiness ; to be 
 loved is little in comparison." WILLIAM SMITH, Gravenhurst. 
 
 Yes, the love that we get is a joy and a power 
 
 'T is as rain to the deep-thirsting root ; 
 As the sun-light to open and colour the flower ; 
 
 As the sun- warmth to ripen the fruit. 
 We will hail it and prize it so long as we live ; 
 But the life of the soul is the love that we give. 
 
 If the root underground be worm-stricken and dry, 
 If the flower have all withered away 
 
NOT AS WITHOUT HOPE. 515 
 
 What avails that the soft rain still falls from the sky 
 
 Or bright sunbeams be still at their play ? 
 But from darkness and drought we may suffer, yet live ; 
 For the life of the soul is the love that we give. 
 
CHAPTER XXXIII. 
 
 LED ONWARD. 
 
 " I CAN vividly recall the feeling," writes Mrs. Emily 
 Pfeiffer, " with which in the summer of the year 1875 I 
 read the letter in a then unknown hand which now lies be- 
 fore me, telling of the sympathy and trust which rny writ- 
 ings had won for me from a soul ' too stricken for com- 
 fort ' but whom my ' words had helped to suffer.' The 
 letter of this stranger expressed a wish that I should be- 
 come acquainted with a memoir, printed at that date for 
 private circulation only, ' a faithful record ' by herself 
 of her ' husband's life and death.' This letter was from 
 Lucy C. Smith ; the precious deposit which quickly fol- 
 lowed it was a volume containing the printed works 'of 
 William Smith (who had at that time been dead about 
 three years), and the memoir above mentioned. 
 
 " Letters and sonnets were exchanged at intervals after 
 this, but no meeting took place or was so much as thought 
 of, indeed my correspondent gave me to understand 
 that there were reasons for which she did not wish it, 
 until in the autumn of 1876 my husband and myself 
 found ourselves at Bettws-y-Coed. She had told me that 
 she could express herself more fully to me with the idea 
 that we were not to meet in the flesh, for that she desired 
 no new pleasures, not even that of acquaintanceship, 
 nothing but what had some part in the memory in which 
 she lived. The fact therefore which I learned incidentally 
 that we should be her neighbours for a few days at the 
 Llanberis Hotel gave me 110 expectations of meeting her. 
 
LED ONWARD. 517 
 
 " Our arrival, however, was greeted by a note from Mrs. 
 Smith, delivered by a friend who was then staying with 
 her. The note invited us to tea that same evening. We 
 readily found the house indicated, a pretty cottage shut 
 off from the road by a garden, and all overrun with jas- 
 mine and China roses. The dear inmate was waiting to 
 receive us. I think at this time the facing of every new 
 incident in life cost her an effort, and I am very sure that 
 to the end each revived sense of pleasure was accompanied 
 by the pang with which she realized her loneliness in it. 
 
 44 The presence of Lucy Smith, the wife and widow of 
 the memoir, was every whit as gracious as we had hoped 
 to find it. She must at that time have been over fifty, 
 but looked I think much younger. A pale face, large 
 hazel eyes rather far apart, a singular earnestness and 
 presentness of expression, as of one whose thoughts and 
 feelings were overflowing, from, an ever-living spring. 
 Her voice, soft and musical, sounded as somewhat bur- 
 thened by feeling. Withal there was no sense of strain 
 in her companionship ; she was too wholly true for that ; 
 rather one was inclined to share with her in the repose re- 
 sulting from the detachment of the spirit from all earthly 
 strivings. Since others were present, my husband and I 
 were each enabled to hold some conversation with her 
 almost, as the Germans say, unter vier augen. 
 
 44 4 1 was shy of seeing you,' she said, 4 not only that I 
 seek for nothing that has not its root in the past, but I am 
 sensitive for him, tender as he was to me and blind to 
 my shortcomings, and could wish for something better 
 to show as his wife.' 
 
 44 She had a deep love of, and understanding sympathy 
 with, nature. Mountains were her recreation grounds, and 
 there were some among them, notably Snowdon and Hel- 
 vellyn, that she seemed to have endowed almost with a 
 human personality. During her frequent sojourns in 
 their neighbourhood she lived quite on familiar terms with 
 
518 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 them, and was perhaps even more given than was good for 
 her to measuring her strength against the giants. The 
 devastation of their flora at the untender hands of tourists 
 was a constant source of vexation to her. For her own 
 part she was content to do homage to their rarer ferns and 
 mosses on their own ground ; it was not often that she 
 carried even a frond or a blossom away with her. 
 
 " ' The sense of loss is keen, and at times overwhelming ; 
 and yet the next best thing in life to a great joy is a great 
 sorrow.' Such were her words ; and they were true. 
 She was lifted above all sordid ambitions, all selfish 
 greed ; readily recipient of impressions from the beautiful 
 and the true, in art as well as nature ; judging all things 
 not by the vain breath of fashion but tried at the touch- 
 stone of her own sincerity ; capable of the truest sympathy 
 as well in the joys as the sorrows of others, and where need 
 was, of generous devotion. Much of this was made clear 
 to our understanding in our first interview with her, but 
 at this distance of time I cannot tell how much of it was 
 gathered, or how much divined. Upon another evening 
 we were again, at her bidding, sitting in the Welsh cot- 
 tage, discoursing with her and her friends of things new 
 and old. The heart that was so open to human sympathy 
 was not closed to the animal creation. At this time much 
 affectionate regard was given to the droll behaviour and 
 altogether foreign ways of a little chinchilla. It struck 
 me that a dog might have made a fuller return, but I be- 
 lieve that some feeling on the part of him whose lightest 
 word had become part of the unwritten law of her life 
 prevented her from seeking the degree of solace she might 
 have found in such companionship. 
 
 " And this leads me to the statement of an impression 
 which was gradually deepening as my intercourse with 
 Mrs. Smith in this short first period became closer. The 
 love which as a pure and spiritual flame maintained its 
 place in her life, undiminished in the absence of sight and 
 
LED ONWARD. 519 
 
 sense, seemed not to have conquered for her the hope 
 which is the supreme triumph of love over death. No 
 wonder if at this time the flame that had no such issue 
 was wearing away the flesh. I had had many opportunities 
 of observing the work of love upon the human conscious- 
 ness, and had seen, sometimes from spoken, sometimes 
 from written words, how the hardest and most imper- 
 vious intelligence, melted by hope and longing, became 
 as it were an illuminated medium. I know all that can 
 be said to throw discredit upon such light as a divine rev- 
 elation, but I still thank God that great and pure love has 
 the power to generate such light in its season of earthly 
 eclipse, for though it were no better than a divine mad- 
 ness, it has done, as I trust it has yet to do, more for the 
 progress of the race than could ever be accomplished by 
 the unaided toil of reason. It is love, as our poet-painter 
 Watts has shown us in his great picture of " Love leading 
 Life up the stair of human progress," that is the human- 
 izing influence our race has unconsciously obeyed. How 
 long would love at its noblest endure if, tied hand and 
 foot, it knew itself the prisoner of time ? The human 
 heart I think would decline to embark itself upon a hope- 
 less venture ; there would be no more grand passions - 
 or if there were, their tragedy would alone remain, 
 their grandeur would have departed. I knew something 
 of all this at that time ; since then, continued observation 
 of life has taught me much more. But here was a love 
 great enough for the loftiest hope that has ever been born 
 of such, and yet it seemed to me that an invisible drag 
 was upon it, forbidding it to enter upon its heritage. 
 With further knowledge of the workings of this devoted 
 spirit, it became clear that an effort to maintain the atti- 
 tude and keep herself at the point reached at the time of 
 his death by the reasonable and candid mind of William 
 Smith reacted upon as I inferred by a temperament 
 which was not rich in hope was the influence which 
 
520 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 was retarding love's perfect work in the loyal soul of his 
 widow. The moon was flooding with clear white light the 
 spaces of the little garden between the shrubs when we 
 parted at the gate. Neither my husband nor I shall ever 
 forget her face and her voice : ' I am a ghost,' she said, 
 ' I only seem to be here, I am a ghost.' Her large eyes 
 shone upon us out of her pale face, which was the only 
 point of light in her person, her black dress mingling with 
 the shadows. She looked at us a moment, and when she 
 turned away, it was as if she had vanished. 
 
 " I was deeply impressed with this abiding sorrow, 
 amounting at times to keenest anguish with the sight 
 of this ' patience ' which was yet not doing its ' perfect 
 work.' 
 
 " If life be continued after death, as love affirms ; if 
 love, which is spiritual nearness, still holds the souls of 
 those who have truly loved to their allegiance, nothing 
 could be more competent to disturb the harmony of the 
 relationship than a maintenance on the part of the one 
 left of a mental attitude from which the other had de- 
 parted. It is not by restraining the spirit from develop- 
 ing under the pressure of new circumstances, by adhering 
 to the letter of the creed which was that of the beloved 
 in the days of his darkness, that we can hope to keep step 
 with a soul that has entered upon a new revelation. 
 
 " During the next nearly seven years which intervened 
 I saw Mrs. William Smith from time to time as circum- 
 stances permitted, and ever with increasing pleasure. 
 The correspondence that was kept up in the intervals was 
 mostly with my husband, between whom and Mrs. Smith 
 there was an understanding sympathy, but it kept me 
 informed of all her movements, and of much that went 
 forward within her. We gathered from the correspond- 
 ence and these meetings, that although the beloved mem- 
 ory was cherished, jealously cherished as the most sa- 
 cred of religions, the hope without which love can 
 
LED ONWARD. 521 
 
 hardly continue to exist was constantly gaining strength, 
 and her healthy vitality was renewing its hold upon her 
 surrounding conditions. The change was visible in her ap- 
 pearance, no less than in her words and manner ; she was 
 no longer 4 a ghost.' And yet the action in which she most 
 often recurs to my remembrance is one in which some 
 protest was made against the seeming singleness of heart 
 with which she occasionally entered into the merriment of 
 others. More than once when she has contributed the 
 best thing said to a lively conversation, she has abruptly 
 turned her back upon the company, and looked at me 
 with eyes that had such a seeking, hungry yearning in 
 them that they seemed to sweep me away with her into 
 some silent region where soul communed with soul with- 
 out the aid of words. 
 
 "There was a delightful impression of unity about 
 Lucy Smith ; the accidental seemed to have less place in 
 her constitution than in that of most others. She did not 
 give you the notion of a stream made up of arbitrarily re- 
 lated parts, whose action shaped by circumstances it was 
 impossible to predict ; on the contrary you felt that here 
 you had to do with a definite organization, with a being 
 whom it was possible to know. To me the note of her 
 character, that which constituted her a personality apart 
 from that of other noble women with whom I have been 
 in relation, was the width no less than the depth of her 
 affections. She was rich in feeling not only by concentra- 
 tion, but by extension ; her sympathies were wide as well 
 as deep. ... I have hinted at the consolations which the 
 widow of William Smith derived from friendship ; never 
 have I known a woman who had so many and such true 
 hearts in her service, never any one who was able to make 
 so full a return for the precious gifts received. Always 
 ready to mourn with those who mourned, to rejoice with 
 those who rejoiced, the possessions of others seemed to 
 gladden her as if poured into her own lap ; even the sight 
 
522 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 of the enjoyment by another of the love which she es- 
 teemed the highest good was not embittered by any re- 
 turn upon her own loss ; it was not in her to feel the 
 poorer for others' wealth. 
 
 " I feel my tribute of remembrance to Lucy Smith to 
 be very faint, all the more so perhaps for lacking the 
 touches of shadow, which had I put them in must have 
 been false, as I could not have taken them from the life. 
 My association with her only gave to view the high lights 
 of character. 
 
 " William Smith has written of 4 Knowing and Feeling ; ' 
 I have been contemplating his widow only from the side 
 of 4 feeling,' since it was the depth and truth of her emo- 
 tions which more than all else, as it seemed to me, set her 
 as a being apart. I have known others whose culture 
 was as wide ; some perhaps, but if so few, very few, whose 
 judgment was as independent ; but none who while 
 capable of love so deep had sympathies so far - reaching. 
 For this she will occupy a unique place in the memory and 
 the affections of all who knew her." 
 
 Another friend writes : 
 
 " I have wondered that a nature so sublimely endowed 
 with love as Lucy Smith's did not sometimes find, even in 
 the time of her bereavement, a joy unmixed with anguish, 
 and a perfect assurance of continued union. Such an ex- 
 perience comes I know to some men and women. It is not 
 constant with them, but there are hours when it fills and 
 satisfies the soul. Hope does not adequately describe it, 
 for it does not look to the future ; it is the sense of a pres- 
 ent love, as blessed and perfect as ever the bodily pres- 
 ence gave. One is lifted above all doubt and fear ; past, 
 present, and future are invested in one serene radiance of 
 joy and love. Such hours pass ; we come down from 
 them to the ordinary plane of living ; but so much of their 
 light remains as to be strength unspeakable. A supreme 
 affection seems to carry in itself the consciousness of a tie 
 
LED ONWARD. 523 
 
 which no outward event, not even death, can break. 
 Something resembling or approaching this must I am sure 
 have been felt by this woman, who I think in her genius 
 for loving exceeded all whom I have known. But in my 
 acquaintance with her I never recognized that she had 
 tasted the fulness of this consciousness, or that any hour 
 had been quite free from an anguished longing." 
 
 But it would seem that in just this direction lay the 
 wonderful education of these later years. It was like the 
 gradual development of a new faculty in the soul, this 
 power to rise above the absence of the visible symbol, and 
 feel the reality of a pure spiritual communion. For a na- 
 ture so tender, so fond, so clinging as hers, how could the 
 process be other than slow ? And her whole previous life 
 had been spent in close society with those she loved best. 
 Two years after her husband's death, in writing to a friend 
 of a proposed brief stay by herself in the country, she says 
 she has never in her life been alone. For ten years she 
 had been used, for every need of her heart and mind, to 
 rest absolutely on the hand now vanished, the voice now 
 still. An adaptation to such changed conditions was like 
 the transfer from one world to another. 
 
 Doubtless* too, she was under special influences from 
 the character of her husband's thinking, and from her at- 
 titude toward his memory. That attitude was one of 
 worship. A part of her worship was to seek to follow 
 his thoughts, his ideals, and no others ; to mould herself 
 wholly on him. But may we not believe that he would 
 have gently reminded her for it was one of his most 
 characteristic thoughts that to every nature, to every 
 organization, there is assigned its own law, its own de- 
 velopment, for which no other can be substituted, not even 
 that of the most revered and beloved ? Whoever saw 
 these two together in life, and appreciated their perfect 
 union, must have realized that its very perfection lay 
 partly in those differences which made them supplements 
 
524 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 to each other. Of no pair was it ever truer than of them, 
 
 that 
 
 " Woman is not undeveloped man, 
 But diverse ; could we make her as the man, 
 Sweet love were slain ; his dearest bond is this, 
 Not like to like, but like in difference." 
 
 When he was taken from her, she tried to follow in his 
 footsteps, as everywhere else, so especially on the one sub- 
 ject that engaged her heart the thought of a future life. 
 But in regard to that theme the difference between his 
 nature and her nature, between his experience and her ex- 
 perience, required and even compelled a different attitude 
 in her from what his had been. The favorite realm of 
 his life was thought, inquiry, speculation. His virtue was 
 to test each belief inexorably and fearlessly by the stand- 
 ard not of desire but of truth ; to keep reason on the judg- 
 ment-seat, sovereign over the feelings which thronged and 
 pressed like tumultuous suitors. And thereby he disci- 
 plined himself in self-control, and made large advances in 
 those provinces of knowledge which are to be mastered by 
 study and reflection. 
 
 But " no man can escape the limitation of his own qual- 
 ities." And the habit of incessantly subjecting all ideas 
 and emotions to a rigorous scrutiny imposes an undue 
 limitation on some noble faculties. A lawyer's cross-ex- 
 amination often sifts truth out of falsehood, but a per- 
 petual cross-examination may rob the true story of its 
 impressive and convincing quality. Nor does the atmos- 
 phere of perpetual meditation serve best to generate the 
 great insights and assurances which belong to a complete 
 humanity. Some highest knowledge comes only through 
 action. It is only when the young bird trusts itself to 
 flight that it learns how buoyant the air is to its wing. 
 Meditation was to this soul the nest whence it could never 
 bring itself to fly. It would seem that its full liberation 
 could come only with the release from earthly conditions. 
 
LED ONWARD. 525 
 
 " When the scanty shores are full 
 With Thought's perilous, whirling pool ; 
 When frail Nature can no more 
 Then the Spirit strikes the hour ; 
 My servant Death with solving rite 
 Pours finite into infinite." 1 
 
 The realm of her life was love; and love recognizes 
 other elements than the pure intellect affords ; recognizes 
 them as truly as the painter recognizes color, which the 
 mathematician may ignore. And the life into which per- 
 sonal love enters largely is a more complete life than one 
 given over to abstraction, just as the man who to the 
 mathematician's sense of form and number adds the sense 
 of color enters thereby into a completer world. His 
 method of approach to truth was mainly by reflection and 
 analysis. But the highest realities to which man attains 
 are far beyond man's power to analyze. Take that simple 
 fact signified when one soul says to another / love you. 
 Not one word of the three can you analyze or define, O 
 wise psychologist ! The " I," the "you," the "love " 
 each is indefinable, inexplicable, belonging to a realm in 
 which the writ of science does not run yet nothing is 
 more real. 
 
 And out of these unf athomed deeps of the human spirit, 
 out of the heart's experience in active commerce with its 
 fellows out of anguish, rapture, endurance, faithfulness 
 grow wonderful aspirations, premonitions, assurances. 
 They rarely shape themselves in exact and articulate form, 
 but express themselves rather as peace and hope and joy. 
 Some promise, too large to be understood, not to be fully 
 compassed even by the fulfilment of the most cherished 
 wish, breathes a celestial air upon the soul. 
 
 This was the path upon which this woman was being 
 led by gentlest unseen hands. And while she looked 
 weeping back to the irrecoverable past, her feet were 
 1 Emerson, Threnody. 
 
526 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 bearing her forward to some diviner future. In her dark- 
 est hour, she always felt and followed the guiding hand of 
 Duty. Slowly it grew upon her that the hand was that of 
 Love. 
 
 In her nature, underlying all her brilliant gifts, was a 
 deep timidity and self-distrust. She gained self-confi- 
 dence only as she saw herself reflected in her husband's 
 eyes, and in her thinking she leaned absolutely upon the 
 guidance of his mind. When she no longer had his visi- 
 ble companionship, it was past her belief that she was still 
 of value, she seemed to herself a dead and worthless 
 thing. That feeling is expressed in her letters with a fre- 
 quency and force which we have mostly spared the reader ; 
 choosing in our selections to show him the reality rather 
 than the delusion that instead of being dead she was 
 more keenly alive than ever ; instead of being worthless she 
 was growing more precious year by year. And, in keep- 
 ing with this self-disparagement, it was her impulse to look 
 back to her husband's words, and to think forward in 
 lines akin only to his thoughts on the one absorbing ques- 
 tion. But her husband once said to her, " You and I al- 
 ways see things alike only she goes further" And now 
 indeed, little as she guessed it, she was " going further " 
 for what the guidance of his thoughts could not do was 
 done for her by the inspiration of their mutual love. 
 
 There is a tendency not uncommon in the serious 
 thought of our day, to seek a satisfactory solution of the 
 problem of life without pressing too closely the question of 
 a personal hereafter. The mediaeval theology treated the 
 future state as the one supreme fact by which this mundane 
 existence was to be interpreted. From this theology a 
 great reaction has been going on for centuries, a reaction 
 whose vital principle is the ever widening discovery of a 
 value and significance in this present sphere the worth 
 of the Here and Now. And this tendency at present ex- 
 tends in many minds even to the dismissal of any belief or 
 
LED ONWARD. 527 
 
 expectation of a Hereafter. To such a dismissal three im- 
 pulses contribute : the weakening of the traditional argu- 
 ment for immortality from the bodily resurrection of 
 Jesus, the disposition to regard man's spiritual faculties 
 as functions of the transient physical organism, and the 
 new object offered to moral enthusiasm in the progres- 
 sive development of the race. No student of William 
 Smith's writings need be told that he was very far from 
 relinquishing the hope of a hereafter, and that he consid- 
 ered that there were sober intellectual grounds for cher- 
 ishing that hope. Still, his philosophy seldom emphasizes 
 the idea ; is engaged more with the progress of the race 
 than the future of the individual ; and aims at a temper 
 of thankful acquiescence in the present, without dwelling 
 much on the possibilities of the personal future. It is an 
 attitude which seems practicable to the thinker, absorbed 
 in impersonal thought. It may seem practicable to those 
 whose present is filled with happiness. But, confront it 
 with the noblest human trait, under the one inevitable 
 emergency, confront it with Love in the presence of 
 Death, and it fails utterly. There can then be no in- 
 difference, no dismissal of the topic as unessential it 
 presses home upon the heart. So, where the Thinker 
 was content to pause, the Lover must press on. The 
 woman-nature the feminine element, be it in man or 
 woman here takes the lead. The masculine intellect 
 may learn of the Ewigweibliche, may accept the final word 
 of Faust :"- 
 
 " The Woman-Soul leadeth us upward and on." 
 
 This woman's letters show how intensely and continu- 
 ously she reverted to reading and to speculative inquiry 
 on the great problem. But they show too how she was 
 gaining life and strength and hope through other re- 
 sources than those of the intellect. Light and peace 
 came slowly to her through love itself, the one supreme 
 
528 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 love, having at its heart the supreme hope ; and that love 
 for " others too " which welled irrepressibly within her. 
 As her old nurse said of her as a child, " you can get so 
 near to Miss Lucy," so always she gets near to every- 
 thing she meets. For every friend, for every stranger in 
 whom some trait attracts her eye, for every animal, and 
 even for the mountain for Helvellyn or Suowdon or 
 the Matterhorn she has a regard in which for the mo- 
 ment her whole nature seems to concentrate itself ; even 
 in her written words about each beloved object, one feels 
 a caress. When from these affections the conscious joy 
 has been stricken out by her great grief, still there is al- 
 ways the impulse to help, to serve. It is by this perpet- 
 ual loving touch with humanity and nature that her spirit 
 is strengthened and restored. And no less strong than 
 her affection is her fidelity to duty in its homeliest forms. 
 She is as faithful in her economy, that least sentimental 
 of the virtues, as in the most gracious and tender of 
 personal ministries. The law of her life is the thorough, 
 prompt, inevitable performance of the nearest duty. 
 There is a curious contrast between her husband's habit- 
 ual withdrawal from the shocks of actual existence, and 
 all its cark and care, into the lonely, lovely world of his 
 own thoughts, and her habit of coming always to close 
 grip with the hard, visible present, and mastering it. It 
 is by such daily battle, by such perpetual iiiterweaval 
 with other lives in sympathy and service, by the influences 
 flowing in upon her from mountain and sunset, and by 
 the one love blent with all. it is by these, more than by 
 utmost strain of the questioning mind, that she rises to- 
 ward the height where fear is left behind, and love, hope, 
 and trust are all in all. 
 
 Touching and wonderful it is to see her life shaping 
 itself to greater issues than she herself suspects, issues 
 which in her passionate concentration and idolatry she 
 would sometimes even deny. In many of her letters the 
 
LED ONWARD. 529 
 
 cry rings again and again that she is dea J, that life is 
 over for her ; yet even at that moment what intense life 
 beats in her, and communicates its intensity to him who 
 reads the words ! Over and again she declares that she 
 desires no interests, no friendships even, in which her hus- 
 band had not had a part ; yet what new interests do come 
 in, blending always with the old, but drawing her into 
 wider activities, and blessing others with her. Singular 
 is it, in a nature so generous as hers, to see in the early, 
 awful years of her bereavement how she draws the line 
 between her personal interests and the interests of others ; 
 as when repeatedly she uses such expressions as this, in 
 speaking of a great happiness that has come to dear 
 friends : " But I can no more rejoice, except through sym- 
 pathy, than I could see, were my eyes put out, the beauty 
 I might yet like to have described." Yet, unconfessedly, 
 unconsciously, her sense of the joys of others does glad- 
 den her personal life ; does slowly, sweetly, restore to her 
 more and more of tranquillity and happiness. And that 
 to the last there mingles in her life a great sorrow, a 
 great longing, an intense looking forward to something 
 unattained, who, be it reverently said, would wish it 
 otherwise ? It is these very yearnings that prompt and 
 sustain the most sacred hope of mankind. 
 
 If her worship of her husband had in it as assuredly 
 he would have told her some touch of idolatry ; if her 
 effort to wholly adopt and satisfy herself with his ways of 
 thought was impracticable ; yet most truly did her life 
 derive guidance and impulse from what was deepest and 
 most characteristic in him. It belonged to her rather 
 than to him to develop into strength the hope of immor- 
 tality. But by his influence she was perpetually rein- 
 forced in the qualities which are more vital even than the 
 immortal hope the aspiration and effort toward a per- 
 fect Tightness of character, and a trust which seeks to 
 commit each personal wish to a holier will and larger 
 
530 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 knowledge than ours. More is it to the impetuous heart 
 to learn these lessons than to receive the certain assurance 
 it craves ; and these were the very lessons, fidelity, as- 
 piration, trust, which her husband embodied to her, 
 and every hour impressed on her. These were what he 
 really signified to her ; this it was in him which won her 
 love ; this made her love sacramental, and drew her by its 
 whole force ever nearer to God, and nearer to all God's 
 creatures. 
 
 To be faithful in darkness that is the supreme test 
 to which the human spirit is subjected. It came in early 
 years to William Smith, when knowledge of God seemed 
 lost. It came in later years to his wife, when parted from 
 her husband. Each walks the path alone, unshaken in 
 loyalty and in love. And upon the way of each we see a 
 tender light brightening like the coming of the day. 
 
CHAPTER XXXIV. 
 
 "HE RESTORETH MY SOUL." 
 
 To the Rev. Allan Menzies. 
 
 PATTEBDALE, April 9, 1877. 
 
 . . . MARY, Chin, and I came here last Tuesday, and I 
 fancy that the change is doing Mary some good. Archie 
 tells her that you were preaching at North Esk, and he 
 would have gone to hear you but that he had promised to 
 
 read to dear Mrs. S on Sunday mornings. That was 
 
 my office during my Edinburgh stay. Some of the last 
 sermons that we thus shared, and liked especially, were 
 those of Mr. Service. My dear aged friend and I have 
 much in common difficulties and perplexities enough, 
 but, I think, a deepening trust and a keener desire for 
 betterness. To me it appears that her fine, strong, ster- 
 ling, generous nature is growing meeker and more spirit- 
 ual, taking some ineffable grace and tenderness from the 
 unspeakable sorrow, and the dim and timid hope which 
 saves. How loving she is to me I cannot say, nor how 
 many tears she shed over my departure. If you are in 
 Edinburgh will you try to go and see her ? I am sure 
 she would like it. Archie's Sunday reading would seem 
 very startling to some. It was Kenan's article on Spinoza, 
 which I had translated and Mrs. S wished to hear. 
 
 You cannot think how much time Mary and I spend, 
 I will not say waste, in watching Chinchilla, who is most 
 lovely after baths of red sand, very fine and cleansing, 
 rubbing off all the town smoke, and making his dear little 
 waistcoat and shirt-front purely white. Mary has been 
 
532 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 very kind to him, and I do think he knows her. We are 
 hoping that Archie may come over at the end of this week, 
 and I suppose I shall be losing my dear child before the 
 end of this month. Then early in May my dear Vi comes 
 to me. She will come in for the primroses, not one of 
 which has yet appeared. 
 
 . . . There must be this variety of type, and if we judge 
 by usefulness, I hardly know which to say is best. For 
 we owe our virtues to the faults of others, and we prac- 
 tise their patience and perfect them by the friction of 
 our rough surface. Ah, but we do know very well in 
 what direction the ideal lies ! I read Dean Stanley with 
 a glow of the heart. How rapidly the Church of the Fu- 
 ture seems gathering together. A great influx of light 
 has come into the world these last years. I have Stan- 
 ley's " Jewish Church," and Ewald's " Isaiah," and shall 
 read both. 
 
 To the Rev. Allan Menzies. 
 
 PATTERDALE, June 22, 1877. 
 
 This day week Violetta and I returned from Edin- 
 burgh, where kind Mr. Constable was good enough to har- 
 bour us for three nights. There had been much indecision 
 
 as to going or not going to see my beloved Mrs. S . 
 
 She had vehemently wished it at one time. [Friends dis- 
 approved.] So I waited, till at length I plainly saw that 
 there was no improvement actual or probable, and deter- 
 mined for my own satisfaction to go. But during the two 
 or three days that intervened between my decision and my 
 journey there was a marked change for the worse. I was 
 too late to be of any comfort. She did indeed know me, 
 as she said, " perfectly." She had still loving words for 
 
 me. Once while was expressing very pessimistic 
 
 views indeed, the dear sufferer looked uncomfortable, and 
 bore her testimony, " Goodness is everything ! " I talked 
 to her on the one subject, the undying love that makes one 
 
"HE RESTORETH MY SOUL." 533 
 
 so strongly hope its object lives. She said, " I hope so 
 yes I think so ; " and the dim eyes turned to the pic- 
 ture of her life-companion, " He will press me to his 
 bosom again ! " One thought of Browning's lines : 
 
 " O thou soul of my soul ! I shall clasp thee again, 
 And with God be the rest." 
 
 The last morning, this day week, probably the final 
 parting, she said in reply to my words of earnest affection, 
 " I love you always." But there was no strong feeling, 
 and I left knowing she would neither miss nor mourn me. 
 I receive somewhat improved accounts from the dear 
 niece, whose affection is of a sanguine nature. To linger 
 on a little, not, I am thankful, suffering much, to be 
 further and further isolated by the failure of the senses 
 and the torpor of the brain, that seems the only prospect 
 here. You can easily imagine the sadness of it, and the 
 perplexity that always attends such a case. Where is the 
 personality that we hope lives on ? It is gone even now. 
 At what instant would we seize and render it permanent ? 
 Oh, the pain of it all ! It seems easier when the mind in 
 its fulness is with us to the last ; but it is all clouds and 
 thick darkness. She leaves a precious memory. For me 
 a great love has passed away. Hardly my mother was 
 more partial in her estimates, and she had a mother's anx- 
 iety about me in all ways. Bless her ! 
 
 When Vi and I got back, Patterdale was a fairyland 
 indeed. It seemed wonderful that the hawthorns could 
 stand erect under their burthen of "summer snow." I 
 never saw such profuseness. Little Chin was so well, so 
 lively, so engaging. I could not be quite sad when I had 
 him to watch. That was not to be long. He was dull on 
 Sunday, but then in the day-time it was his way to be a 
 little dull. And I was so interested in Stanley's " Jewish 
 Church," and in letter-writing, and after evening service 
 Vi and I took so long a walk, that, though Chin was not 
 
534 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 neglected, and had all his little wants supplied, and his 
 cage-door open, I was less taken up with him than usual. 
 I had heard from my Mary of Chins living five years, and 
 I had grown confident. The next morning I went as 
 usual to his cage the first thing. He was plainly very ill 
 he was dying. He stretched himself out and gave a 
 sharp little cry and that sweet mystery of his engaging 
 ways, the charm of activity, suddenness, the overflow of 
 life in that sweet fur that was over. It is not for me 
 to speak of this as a sorrow. Still, Chin had brought to 
 my life a revival now and then of play, of the old delight 
 in animals. I could laugh over Chin. 
 
 To Mrs. Constable. 
 
 GRISEDALE BRIDGE, Aug. 30, 1877. 
 
 . . . Hessie and I set out to explore Dovedale. The 
 farmer was working in his fields, and when we went up 
 to him to inform ourselves of the whereabouts of the bull, 
 we found ourselves face to face with one of the noblest 
 specimens of manhood we ever saw. What a grand ani- 
 mal man is at the best ! and in the open, handsome face 
 there was the perfect good nature of an unquestioned, un- 
 baffled strength. I never saw human nature seem fresher 
 from the Maker's hand. Most of us early betray some 
 defect or other. . . . Hessie and I had a glorious walk 
 and view from the top of Place Fell on Friday. Such 
 splendours of golden mist, and sheaves of sun-rays over 
 Helvellyn ; the mountains so high, the lighted-up spots 
 in the valleys so vividly green, as beauty moved with the 
 beam now here now there, as joy does in human life, visit- 
 ing us all or nearly all, but permanent with none. 
 
 Postal-card to Mr. and Mrs. Loomis. 
 
 PATTERDALE, Sept. 5, 1877. 
 
 Many thanks for the " Independent," containing Dr. 
 Porter's interesting address, and a story which, though it 
 
"HE RESTORETH MY SOUL." 535 
 
 seemed to me lacking in that subtle element of refined 
 taste, had touches of real power. I might perhaps have 
 been tempted to dwell on certain points of divergence be- 
 tween the thinking of the sermon and that wrought into 
 my being. But last night after the dear familiar friend 
 who is staying with me had gone to bed, I looked over a 
 remarkable book by a certain Edith Simcox on " Natural 
 Law." She is a Positivist, or perhaps she would prefer 
 to say a " Naturalist." I cannot indeed but notice a cer- 
 tain " release of power " in some of these Agnostics who 
 throw into their relations with humanity the passion and 
 tenderness of religion. I do not shudder at them, but to 
 me those views are torture. My trust in the Unseen 
 Love and Wisdom, v which I can only think as personal, 
 though at the saine time feeling the impossibility of defini- 
 tion, and my hope in continued consciousness and growth, 
 which to this lady seem the mere surplusage an untutored 
 mind has not strength to throw off, yet to me they are 
 simply life. I desire therefore to be increasingly rever- 
 ent with regard to faiths more complex than my own. 1 I 
 desire mainly to be moulded more and more by that high- 
 est teaching which in some sense or other we must all 
 name divine. You too will bear with me, whose faith you 
 think defective. " Ich Jcann nicht anders." 
 
 To Miss Violetta Smith. 
 
 [1877.] I entirely agree with Mr. Menzies about the 
 influence of that great Ideal. What future ages may 
 feel, we cannot tell ; but to us, where we stand and with 
 our religious training, that name must be above every 
 name, I think, in its moral authority and its attractive 
 power. But oh, my Vi, I cannot distinguish. The one 
 
 1 To another correspondent : " I desire more deeply to reverence 
 faiths I do not share, faiths more complex and cumbrous as it seems 
 to me, just as to Miss S. my trust in an Unseen Wisdom and hope of 
 continued existence would seem mere surplusage." 
 
536 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 given to me to call out all my energy of love, all my ten- 
 derness, all my reverence, my angel, is so " blent with God 
 and nature," so one with the highest influence, that I often 
 seem to rest there. But I repeat his words in craving a 
 fellowship in Christ's u deep love," and a willing accept- 
 ance of his sufferings. Oh, there is no practical difficulty ! 
 Just a few watchwords suffice: "Hoping for nothing 
 again ; " " Whether it were / or they ; " " If ye love them 
 only that love you, what thank have ye ? " Self -surrender 
 aimed at will bring by and by its high reward, self-forget- 
 fulness attained. And if our eye be single, if we are con- 
 tent to be quite insignificant parts of the great whole, the 
 beauty of the harmony of the whole will flow into us, and 
 we shall be filled with the fulness of God. 
 
 [1877.] There come times perhaps when people are 
 tempted to intermit exchanging letters, when it seems 
 hardly worth while ; but oh, I so feel the necessity of 
 keeping up human relationships that are dear and sacred, 
 and that have the significance of habit stamped upon 
 them. I do not think it wise to leave our doings to casual 
 impulse, as you say, to " the spirit moving." I would go 
 on with what I had begun, even if the initiatory glow 
 were over. 
 
 " But tasks in hours of insight willed 
 Can be through hours of gloom fulfilled." 
 
 Now, my Vi, this is a generalization for my own be- 
 hoof, and not at all a preachment for you. 
 
 To Mrs. Cotton. 
 
 EDINBURGH, 1877. 
 
 I read the " Times " with great interest, and think of 
 what my husband's interest in the events and their ten- 
 dency would have been he whose abstraction from him- 
 self gave an insight not common, for few in any age can 
 
"HE RESTORETH MY SOUL." 537 
 
 live so abstracted. And those few see God, and are there- 
 fore " necessarily optimists." And so I strive to keep calm 
 in view of the absurd Free Church attitude just now, re- 
 membering that they too are playing a prearranged, an 
 ordered, and therefore a useful part. " Tolerating the in- 
 tolerant " I see was a mark of Tightness laid down in one 
 of the oldest Vedas, and we should learn it from a later 
 teaching. But to some of us imperfect ones it will come 
 hard to the end. ... I think nothing can give you such 
 an idea of the leisure of my life as the fact that I am 
 reading Dante got through three cantos of the " Pur- 
 gatorio " this wet day with great interest. 
 
 To Mrs. Henry Hemans. 
 
 VENTNOR, March 24, 1878. 
 
 . . . These extreme cases are useful as warnings, and 
 I cannot look upon them as guilty, only as objects of our 
 deepest compassion. But in the fulness of things, when 
 all wills are one with the Infinite Power and Purpose that 
 works through all for good, I can understand that one 
 might be quite reconciled to having been of use, if only 
 as a warning to having been a discord, so only that 
 through our jar harmony be prized more deeply. 
 
 To Mrs. A. Constable. 
 
 KENSINGTON, April 24, 1878. 
 
 ... I have been up long, have breakfasted and packed 
 (only I must take off my satin gown after the ceremony), 
 
 and have been sitting with the sweet A , who was 
 
 quite calm, and capable of all interests ; very glad to hear 
 a better account of you ; putting her Honiton lace on her 
 wedding dress, which is lovely, as I hope you will see ; 
 she was sewing it in so deftly. In a quarter of an hour 
 I go to see her dress. She is the most taking creature, 
 and indeed he is sweet. In appearance, so English ; in 
 movement " of the sweet South," evidently. But I hope, 
 
538 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 my dear one, you will see him. Yesterday a charming 
 youth called for me, Frank L , my husband's great- 
 nephew. The perfection of an English schoolboy; tall, 
 fair, strong, pure, modest; with a distinction of repose 
 and ease that surprised me; it was exceptional. Con- 
 voyed by the dear fellow, as soon as I saw his mother 
 my enthusiasm found expression. How she hugged me ! 
 " You were very nice before, but now ! " She says he is 
 the sweetest fellow, but she does not expect people to find 
 it out at once. I came back alone just in time to see Mr. 
 and Mrs. Pfeiffer. They came just at the one hour I 
 limited them to, and their kindness is wonderful. 
 
 (Back from the marriage.) She looked sweet and 
 graceful in her soft gray dress ; he so nice, his dress quite 
 perfect ; so finished, graceful, and easy ; speaking his vow 
 so distinctly ; and so did she, and oh, what a heavenly 
 look ! Earthly love seeing the divine came into her eyes, 
 a beauty of soul quite mysterious. If a painter could have 
 caught her then for an Annunciation ! The service was 
 cut short, and beautifully read by Mr. Gordon. Sophy 
 and I followed them to the vestry. An impulse came 
 over me to kiss him too. Oh, the affectionateness of his 
 dear nature ! As they left he threw himself into my arms 
 again, and said " Mother" in so thrilling a tone ! Bless- 
 ings go with them ! A happier pair, more earnest-hearted, 
 more entirely loving, never knelt to take their eternal vow. 
 
 To Mrs. Haughton. 
 
 June 18, 1878. . . . Now that I am alone I turn to a 
 sacred task begun three years ago, but I cannot continue 
 it unless I am alone. It is a fuller record of our life. 
 The few who have read it say it is intensely interesting. 
 How should it not be with him for its subject ? But it is 
 incompatible with other writing. 
 
 This refers to the manuscript of which a part is given 
 
"HE RESTORETH MY SOUL." 539 
 
 in chapters XVI.-XVIII. In the original, the writer 
 sometimes reverts for a moment from the story of the past 
 to the emotions of the present, as in this passage (Oc- 
 tober 11, 1877). 
 
 " Oh, my one and only love, to whom I owe all of true 
 happiness I have ever known a joy that was peace, a 
 gladness that was rest as well as intensity, a fulness and 
 completeness of life that seemed immortal ! Words can- 
 not express it, and always I think it is rare, because you 
 who inspired it were rare, were unique. But a few nights 
 since I dreamed that I was with you, and again knew that 
 unutterable rapture was caught up into that seventh 
 heaven which cannot be communicated, which shows one 
 the strange absence of happiness in the life that now is 
 reveals, and reconciles ! " 
 
 To Mrs. A. Constable. 
 
 PATTERDALE, June 20, 1878. 
 
 I am living as it were what he called when we were to- 
 gether, " a trance-life." I am not here nor alone. I can- 
 not express the double consciousness, the sense of oneness. 
 Last evening I went on a high hill where I had never been 
 before ; saw High Street and the west glow red in the 
 sunset, and the range of Fairfield so purple. I could have 
 gone down into Deepdale, but kept that for your compan- 
 ionship. My tooth ached to be sure all the time, but even 
 that did not interfere with the one thought. And yet I 
 feel that it only enlarges my interest in others. In short, 
 it is life ; and given life, it may be variously used. The 
 fellow lodgers are innocuous, though I do hear more of 
 childish prattle than I care for. There is a little lad at 
 Mrs. Varty's who has plainly a passionate friendship for 
 the older and undemonstrative urchin here. I met them 
 last evening in the lane. Little one, with a very red, emo- 
 tional face : " I did not know you before, did I ? " (No 
 
540 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 answer.) " I was not long picking up your acquaintance, 
 was I ? " And so forth ; and I dare say the elder one 
 was a little ashamed or at least shy over it, though in- 
 wardly pleased. The father smokes, and has laid his fish- 
 ing trousers to dry on the earth just in my sight, so I need 
 not expatiate on his class. But he is good-hearted, and I 
 liked him for going into the water after his boy's ball. 
 
 " Punch " is delightful. Oh, if would take it and 
 
 give up " The Rock ! " Surely " The Record " Is enough of 
 that most unchristian of all things, religious controversy. 
 
 To Mrs. Henry Hemans. 
 
 PATTEBDALE, July 5, 1878. 
 
 ... As to happiness, dear, that died with him, and can 
 never in any sense return. But I should not call myself 
 unhappy. I have too infinite a love in my heart for that. 
 I am so thankful for the blessed past. And I throw my- 
 self sufficiently into the life of others to forget to ask my- 
 self often whether I am happy or not. I am very, very 
 thankful for the six years over and gone which really 
 leave no trace. I never find them recurring to mind ex- 
 cept indeed with some reference to others. Once I left 
 my angel for a week, and he said : " The Friday you re- 
 turn will be virtually the afternoon of the Friday on 
 which you left. The weekly bill may be brought in by 
 
 Miss under the impression that such an interval has 
 
 existed, but to me it is mere blank." I feel in the same 
 way about these parted years. My conscious life must be 
 taken up again from the moment of parting. . . . With 
 the interests or amusements of this world personally I 
 have done. I think of public matters, notice the course 
 of events as he would have me do, try not to let my mind 
 grow dull, try to keep worthy of his companionship. I 
 put in for you little simple lines that welled out from my 
 heart that I cried aloud the other evening on the lonely 
 mountain side. That tells all of myself that there is to 
 tell. 
 
"HE RESTORETH MY SOUL." 541 
 
 THE PRAYER OF MY HEART. 
 
 All I would wish from my loved one to hide, 
 Take Thou away, Lord, take Thou away ; 
 Meanness of jealousy, madness of pride, 
 Take Thou away ! 
 
 All I would be in that cherished one's sight, 
 
 Make me to be, Lord, make me to be ; 
 Faithful and loving, and true to the light, 
 Make me to be ! 
 
 Just as he lived, free from blame before all, 
 Grant me to live, Lord, grant me to live ; 
 Loyal to duty, whatever befall, 
 Grant me to live ! 
 
 Just as he died, on the heart he held dear, 
 
 Give me to die, Lord, give me to die ; 
 Meek, patient, calm without shadow of fear, 
 Give me to die ! 
 
 To Mrs. A. Constable. 
 
 PATTERDALE, August 6, 1878. 
 
 . . . Archie's telegram came, and Emily delighted in 
 going ; she had had a latent desire to see Edinburgh, and 
 loves a, frisk. And though it poured as we stood in our 
 lane, waiting for the postman's wagonette, it soon cleared, 
 and we had a pleasant drive, and our third-class was most 
 comfortable and nearly empty, and when we arrived every- 
 thing was so pleasant fire, food, and dear Archie, who 
 had been with Birnam to the train he expected us by. 
 Next morning I was up and ready to hear Robert Collyer, 
 though in for a cold and poorly enough, Archie had or- 
 dered a cab, and we were in excellent time. But the 
 chapel was so empty ; no one cared or knew anything 
 about this great preacher certainly the greatest I have 
 heard, and Archie will I think have told you the same. 
 The man is one of those rarely perfect organizations so sel- 
 
542 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 dom seen that one notices them instantly. As he walked 
 into the church, little Emily irreverently asked herself, 
 " Are there such men in this country ? " I am sure there 
 are not many in the States, Collyer is so very Saxon in 
 type the ideal of a Yorkshireman. I knew him at once 
 from a glance at the pulpit, for there is a poor likeness 
 of him affixed to the volume of sermons. He has all the 
 qualifications of the orator : the robust voice, never loud, 
 though one knows he could " shout for the battle " with 
 the best ; the most varied expression, and speaking frame, 
 though with little gesture. As for his smile, and the 
 sweet, pure benignity of the finely cut face (no whiskers 
 or beard) no words can tell them. It was the highest 
 treat I could have had, and more not less than I who love 
 his sermons expected. Archie will have told you the sub- 
 ject. But for my hand I must I think have written down 
 what I remember of the sermon, which was on Progress : 
 Terah setting out from Ur to Canaan, the impulse in 
 the old man which led him just one day's journey to 
 Haran becoming in the son " inspiration," the overrul- 
 ing purpose they called " God speaking to Abraham," who 
 did reach Canaan. At the end of a discourse that none 
 of us will ever forget, such a burst of immortal hope ! I 
 begged Archie to go and speak to him. He had been at 
 Patterdale, or through it, but had had no time to call. I 
 had a few words with him. He said to me : " Your hus- 
 band's works were of great service to me several years 
 ago." Is that not interesting ? The lonely thinker in si- 
 lence striking out the electric spark that helped to kindle 
 this and many a torch borne by strong hands through 
 crowds, and lighting the steps of many who have turned 
 from the old guidance. Collyer was so reverent, so ten- 
 der, to those who get no further than Haran ; so thankful 
 they got there ! As soon as we left the chapel we went 
 
 to see Mrs. C , who has had a kind of fit, but was 
 
 never more coherent or agreeable. She had not expected 
 
"HE RESTORETH MY SOUL: 1 543 
 
 to see me again till " Novimber." I did not tell her how 
 doubtful that was. She asked much for you, paid her 
 usual tribute to Archie, and gave me a summary of her 
 faith, which is much my own ; and it was an affectionate 
 and satisfactory last parting, should it prove such. . . . 
 
 To Miss Violetta Smith. 
 
 [1878.] However people may express their religious 
 convictions, if they have arrived at the grace of self-sur- 
 render it is well with them. And this wisdom, this 
 " sweet reasonableness," is attained by persons of very 
 various ways of thinking. The worst of it is that so 
 many of us (it was so with me) seem to consider happi- 
 ness, enjoyment, satisfaction, a right ; and to such as are 
 much indulged in childhood and youth, life has some very 
 hard lessons to teach. The sweet simple readiness with 
 
 which has given up the London rooms and all her 
 
 activities there to nurse this sick cousin strikes me as 
 really beautiful. Not the doing the thing, but the doing 
 it without hint of self-sacrifice. 
 
 To Miss Edith Wrench. 
 
 [1879.] Yesterday was to me a very solemn day, the 
 beginning of a new and very probably the last decade. 
 Life so nearly over that is not a sad thought, a grave 
 one and a tender not sad, often very sweet. 
 
 Joy is I suppose our native element, yet sorrow too is 
 borne in the same wonderful way. 
 
 This is a gift indeed, the work of your own hands, the 
 only gift that is wholly pleasant. One's work and one's 
 love, these are precious not so the money-bought offer- 
 ing, though love makes that sweet. 
 
 Ithel dined here to-day, and I wrote to Dr. Peddie to 
 
544 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 request the favour of his unequalled dog's company for 
 half an hour, and Ithel did appreciate him. All dogs 
 seem poor and contemptible in comparison with him. He 
 followed Archie at once, and was quite reluctant to go 
 away, so pleased was he with biscuits and attention here. 
 Dear little Birnam was madly jealous, but Dandy's tem- 
 per and magnanimity made a quarrel impossible. 
 
 A.'s gifts are precious things. M.'s gift of rejoicing in 
 them without any drawback of personal dissatisfaction is 
 higher and more precious still. 
 
 At the Cathedral the other day, when the lovely 142d 
 and 145th Psalms were being sung to a sweet minor chant, 
 that verse, " Bring my soul out of prison that I may give 
 thanks to thy name," came home to me with such vivid- 
 ness that I preached myself a sermon on it forthwith. 
 Out of the prison of selfishness, of any and every kind 
 so only can I be free enough for the spirit of thankful- 
 ness. Liberty comes only from the surrender of personal 
 desire. Out of the prison of embarrassment no liberty 
 while we owe any man anything. Oh, the prison of self, 
 and thought pacing to and fro within those narrow limits ! 
 Well, selfishness has many disguises, and long after we 
 have surmounted the want of having, we may be en- 
 thralled by the want of doing. So that the right thing 
 be done, " whether it be they or I, no matter ! " 
 
 I really think, my Edith, you and I are as fortunately 
 constituted as any two I know. So little real pain, so 
 much power of admiring and even enjoying. In short, 
 we have all the facilities for forgetting self, which no one 
 can do in bodily distress. 
 
 Your snowdrops make a lovely little mound, in plate 
 and tumbler, on the table, and yesterday I brought in a 
 
"HE RESTORETH MY SOUL: 1 545 
 
 pot of jonquil, which breathes exquisite fragrance into my 
 face. . . . How little the majority of us know of this 
 fair world, how narrow our circle necessarily. But we 
 have still much to enjoy, as my Edith with her happy na- 
 ture knows ; and for me / have had all and abounded, 
 and been blessed up to my fullest capacities of receiving 
 blessedness. 
 
 I know that when we are ailing and all-overish it is 
 very difficult not to give way. But that is the very worst 
 thing in the world for us, and those are our best helpers 
 who brace us against this. 
 
 Convalescence is a very trying time, there is so much 
 danger of our becoming exacting and self -occupied. I 
 have heard many say that illness is not so difficult, and I 
 can quite understand it. I should like to know, dear one, 
 that you are continuing to give as little trouble as possi- 
 ble. You know when I was with you I wanted a table by 
 the bedside, that you might reach whatever you could ; 
 and this for your own sake, because I seemed to divine 
 that your danger now would be want of effort. It has 
 been your unselfishness, your thought for others, that has 
 so endeared you to many. I am sure, dear, you will not 
 think these hints unkind. I should exhort myself in the 
 same manner were I in your condition. I should be so 
 afraid of giving way. I am so afraid of it ! All my life 
 is an effort now. To get up at all is hard work. I would 
 rather lie in bed and think my one loved thought. It is 
 all hard work, but one must try to throw one's self out of 
 self or one would not continue sane. That is what we all 
 have to strive after to be and keep sane, in other words 
 not self-concentrated. 
 
 It is very sweet to bear well a hint about one's hair. 
 In the days of my youth, almost every friend I had wanted 
 
546 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 some change in mine, and it always made me savage to 
 them ! Well do I remember one day when I was young 
 and had plaited coronals of which I thought rather well, 
 and in place of the visitor I expected in came your dear 
 Aunt M. and said, " How very ill you look, Lucy ! I 
 don't mean in health ! " So you see I can understand 
 the unpleasantness of these hints. Ah, dear, in my fer- 
 vid, impetuous youth I used to have a touch of that Amer- 
 ican 
 
 "John P. 
 
 Robinson, he 
 Thought the world would go right if he hollered out Gee ! " 
 
CHAPTER XXXV. 
 
 THE MOUNTAIN RILL. 
 
 A CHARACTERISTIC picture of LucySinith is given in 
 a private letter written not long after her death, by her 
 husband's niece Clara Mrs. George Willett. 
 
 "How can I make you understand what that double 
 g rave f or I cannot separate them, my perfect pair 
 has taken from my life ? I seem now to have lost him 
 afresh, for while I had her, my " legacy " as she loved to 
 call herself to me, I always felt I had a large part of him 
 left. His last message, spoken by her to me with a so- 
 lemnity I can never forget, 4 Give her my great love ' 
 was a precious gift indeed. And you will let me say that 
 no word of praise she ever wrote of this remarkable man 
 was in the least exaggerated ; he was in every respect as 
 singularly rare and refined a character as herself. Here 
 there was a bond of sympathy between herself and me 
 greater perhaps than with any other, for he and I were 
 deeply attached, and she delighted in my enthusiastic 
 girlish devotion to him. How she loved to call herself 
 his ' reflection,' and how we, knowing her own intense in- 
 dividuality, used to smile, and let her say it ! 
 
 u She was a woman remarkably free from all the little- 
 ness of women. There was a breadth and grandeur about 
 her view of things, as refreshing as a mountain breeze. 
 She would generally put any topic one brought before her 
 for counsel in an entirely new light ; for instance, once 
 when I told her with some distress my three-year old boy 
 had stolen a piece of sugar, she at once replied, 'Of 
 course, the child requires sweet things you must see 
 
648 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 that he has them.' And at another time when I told her 
 of some one who had taken a district for the purpose of 
 4 self -denial,' how eloquent she was in disapprobation ! 
 How clearly she proved to me the *wrongness' of the 
 whole idea from the beginning, and ended with : ' If you 
 don't feel drawn to go and see the poor woman from sim- 
 ple love and interest, don' t go. It is an insult to visit a 
 poor woman for the sake of self-denial to yourself ! ' 
 
 " My dear aunt Lucy possessed a something in addition 
 to that keen sympathetic insight on which I need not en- 
 large to you. It was a power peculiarly her own of put- 
 ting one in a good humour with one's self. Hers was the 
 tact of bringing to the front one's best and brightest ; 
 and I fully believe that many others will share with me 
 the odd and depressing, perhaps very foolish but none the 
 less real feeling, that I shall never be quite so 4 nice ' 
 again, deprived of her sweet and blessing encouragement, 
 and radiant mantle of all-covering love. 
 
 " She had the gift of putting into the choicest and often 
 most original and piquant language exactly what she 
 meant to say. How often we would exclaim, ' Nobody 
 could have said that but you ! ' Both she and her hus- 
 band were great coiners of words, and had quite a little 
 vocabulary of their own for the little things of every-day 
 use things hallowed by their blessed touch, and by the 
 utter unworldliness of everything they said and did. 
 
 " Hers were strong prejudices ; as a young woman, I 
 believe, very strong ones. She told me that he used to 
 say to her, ' Lucy, you are too exacting.' It was curious 
 to observe during her recent years of widowhood how any 
 tendency to intolerance in her grew less and less. This 
 she attributed to the influence of his teaching. During 
 her rare and precious visits to our house, I did my best, 
 as you may suppose, to weed away all comers that might 
 be uncongenial to her ; and during her last visit she spoke 
 of this gradual change in herself, and apropos of one 
 
THE MOUNTAIN RILL. 549 
 
 guest said, 4 When I met him before he did not please me, 
 but now, do you know, I rather like him ! ' 
 
 " She could detect with unerring fidelity the true from 
 the false, and when she said with her peculiar nod, ' Ah, 
 my dear, I have diagnosed him ! ' we knew it was useless 
 to ask her to reconsider the verdict." 
 
 Mrs. Ruck writes of " a quality which I think one of 
 the most uncommon of her gifts a transparent openness 
 of nature which let her share every thought with those 
 she loved, and an absence of suspicion which banished 
 keys and let letters lie about. I shall never forget the 
 way in which she spoke most confidentially to me during 
 a drive, in utter disregard of the old man on the box, who 
 she said was deaf! And often in omnibuses people have 
 gazed at her whilst she, rapt in a subject in which she 
 was deeply interested, expounded it to me, in utter obliv- 
 ion of those around her, or entire confidence in their 
 friendliness ! " 
 
 To Mrs. Lorimer. 
 
 WORSLEY VILLA, VENTNOR, March 9, 1879. 
 
 It seems long, very dear one, since I had your little 
 note with its happy tidings. When, or i/*, there comes a 
 disengaged half-hour and the inclination, you will send 
 me a few lines. But I know well how more and more the 
 inclination so to employ leisure does not come. There is 
 more rest in some book, and when we want rest, there is 
 not the impulse to give out but the need to absorb, imbibe 
 some great thought, some words of " more life and fuller 
 life." I am becoming very inert as to letter-writing, and 
 I am not one of the busy who have any claim to rest. 
 However, this evening after a good strong cup of tea I 
 like to tell you how soothingly the waves break under the 
 window here, and that beautiful colors have just faded out 
 of the sky. This house is about a hundred feet above the 
 sea, and as I sit at the writing-table just out of the pl< 
 
550 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 ant large window projecting but not a bow I seem 
 hanging over the quiet misty waters, which are blending 
 with the gray evening sky. It has been a lovely day, and 
 Mary and I had a sweet walk along the cliff to lovely 
 Bonchurch, where the old church and churchyard, both un- 
 used for thirty years, are exquisitely situated very near 
 the waves, and with great trees that " stretch forth their 
 branches to the sea." I have not yet been in the church- 
 yard, where I want to go to stand by John Sterling's 
 grave to me notable as that of the man my husband 
 thought so eminently lovable. I expect you all much 
 
 to admire Miss . When I saw her she was a little 
 
 girl, with grand calm brow and eyes, very like her mother 
 William thought, and the father felt the likeness would 
 help him to live on " till the morning of the resurrection." 
 It was in the early days, early years, of loss that he said 
 this. How well I remember it ! the sunny Brighton es- 
 planade, on which he walked with his little girl, and his 
 upward glance ; and I, who had my husband with me, 
 could so well believe that such loss was irremediable. 
 Well I am sure that " women cannot judge for men," 
 and that some minds do continue loyally to harmonize two 
 paramount loves. 
 
 I am growing so creaky and rheumatic, and feel so very 
 like the large sea crayfish in one of the melancholy tanks 
 of (I must say) the very melancholy Edinburgh Aqua- 
 rium ! If you go there, watch him moving his stiff joints, 
 and give me a sigh ! Unless these symptoms depart as 
 suddenly as they came on, I fear I shall never reach a 
 mountain-side any more. I am planning a week in Lon- 
 don in April, and then to return with my brother to 
 Garthewin and spend the rest of the month there. And 
 then from Wales it is possible that Hessie Howard and I 
 may go to Ireland for a short stay at Bundoran. The al- 
 ternative, which I should like quite as well, but judge less 
 pleasant and beneficial for her, would be going together to 
 
"THE MOUNTAIN RILL. 551 
 
 Patterdale quite early in May. I am reading sermons of 
 Pic ton's that would interest you I know. Good-by, my 
 dear one. I seldom now write as long a letter as this. 
 
 Mary , who is fortunate enough to be reading 
 
 " Lorna Doone " for the first time, sends her love, and give 
 mine to the dear Netty. 
 
 To Mrs. A. Constable. 
 
 PATTERDALE, June 11, 1879. 
 
 . . . Think of the poor dear man I was sitting with last 
 night. At the age of fifty-five, he told me, he " was as 
 good a man as ever he was in his life, and as up to a hard 
 
 day's work." Then to be driven over by . 
 
 There's a trial for you. "I could have wished," he said, 
 " to have gone on working, for we were so comfortable ; 
 and it soon goes, does the money, when you can't work." 
 All the little honest savings melted away, to say nothing 
 of health ruined and incessant pain. And his poor good 
 wife has two dreadful fingers, and if they have not to be 
 taken off it will be a mercy. Having been the clerk, this 
 worthy has contracted a habit of using sonorous language, 
 and enjoys talking. I was so glad I went in ! He was 
 very fine on selfishness. " When a man loses conscience, 
 you see, he comes to think nowt except about himself, and 
 when a man thinks of nowt but himself, what is he but 
 an animal?" "Oh, much worse !" I pleaded, for with 
 sweet Pup beside me I felt an animal was a pure delight ; 
 and he conceded the point they were worse. It would 
 have been a pleasure to leave an offering of respect, but 
 I may screw it out of another week. This afternoon I 
 must take five shillings to Grisedale. I had a feeling 
 that the blind man felt empty-handed visitors took an im- 
 perfect view of the case. Do you know I believe myself 
 to have become as if porous to the consciousness of oth- 
 ers*? I am pretty sure I feel how they are feeling, and 
 often get verifications long afterward. 
 
552 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 SEEKEST THOU GREAT THINGS ? SEEK THEM NOT." 
 
 Little rill of the mountain side, cushioned with moss, 
 
 Little rill that a baby's step safely might cross ; 
 
 If I sit down beside you and listen for long, 
 
 I can just catch a gurgle, a tinkle, a song, 
 
 Grow distinct tho' so fairy faint almost 'twould seem 
 
 Like an echo of music once heard in a dream. 
 
 Little rill, not far from you a stronger stream falls 
 Sheer down to the valley through steep rocky walls ; 
 With a rapture of sound and a splendour of foam, 
 It bids its farewell to its lone early home ; 
 And you, if you only could reach it, might blend 
 With its triumph, its daring, its course, and its end. 
 
 But I think, little rill, you will scarce get so far, 
 
 For the mosses half choke you up here where you are ; 
 
 And beyond I can see that the rushes grow high, 
 
 With their roots in a marsh and their stems stiff and dry. 
 
 They will need and exhaust you, you poor little rill, 
 
 You will end there unnoticed, your song will be still. 
 
 Never mind, little rill, moss and rushes will grow 
 
 All the greener and stronger because of your flow ; 
 
 And your cool, quiet current, tho' mostly unheard, 
 
 May yield draughts of fresh strength to some wing-weary bird ; 
 
 And, whene'er for a brief space unshadowed you run, 
 
 You can catch and give back the warm glints of the sun. 
 
 And the strong stream you hear tho' it cannot hear you 
 
 Is born just as you are from rainfall and dew ; 
 
 And, for all its importance, its foam, and its roar, 
 
 You are closely akin 't is not other, but more. 
 
 Nay is there indeed any great, any small, 
 
 In the sight of the INFINITE SOURCE of us all ? 
 
 To Mr. A. Constable. 
 
 ... I have been very busy over my " Critical Ideal- 
 ism," and have sat all the morning over it in the little 
 room. The end of it went off to-day, and the proof of 
 
THE MOUNTAIN RILL. 553 
 
 the first part may come to-morrow. I must tell you of 
 an angel of beauty I saw in Patterdale church last even- 
 ing. It had been a day of frantic showers, but in the 
 evening it cleared, and Sophy and I sallied forth. I 
 think some magnetic influence must have warned me, for 
 I don't often turn round, but when I did, two pews off 
 there was a young man, not very young, I should say 
 over thirty, whose magnificent beauty I have no words 
 for. Much over six feet, and broad in proportion, but it 
 was not that, it was an air of supreme distinction, and the 
 perfection of manly beauty and strength. His hand, with 
 a very handsome ring on the little finger, was whiter than 
 any woman's that I know, and very plump, which gener- 
 ally I do not like, yet you felt that he could have felled a 
 bull. His face had perhaps rather too full a jaw ; utterly 
 straight dark eyebrows, fine features but I return to 
 the distinction ; you felt as if centuries of high breeding 
 must have been required to produce this patrician. Per- 
 fectly formed head, clipped as closely as scissors could 
 clip, and such a splendid bass voice. Under pretext of 
 getting the light on my hymn-book, I was obliged to turn 
 and listen, and also catch glimpses of his splendour, which 
 moved me like some military music the march in 
 " Eli." Sophy indorses all I say. 
 
 To Miss Violetta, Smith. 
 
 [1879.] Oh, Vi dear, how I love and prize these sol- 
 itary days ! I know I could not be always alone, but it is 
 my best. He is so near. I commune with him. I feel 
 he loves me best alone ! Sunday was one of his days. I 
 read so intently, feeling "the footsteps of his life it? 
 
 mine." In the evening I went to church, and Mr. 
 
 preached so well on growth in grace. Is it not indeed all 
 that we have to do, all that is worth doing, and does it not 
 redeem all lives from tedium and emptiness, this desire, 
 this resolve, to grow ? I think I never realized more that 
 
554 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 it is the one thing needful, without any ulterior conse- 
 quences ; but I still think dogmatic denial of a further 
 life would be fatal to the Ideal. We need, as your sweet 
 friend says, to believe that it will be reached. It is those 
 who help us and whom we help upward that we give our 
 best love to. 
 
 To the Rev. Allan Menzies. 
 
 EDINBURGH, 1879. 
 
 I have been wishing to write to you, dear Mr. Meuzies, 
 ever since I heard Mr. McFarlan preach on Sunday last, 
 and your note has quickened the impulse. Archie, Mary, 
 and I went in the afternoon, because I had a desire to 
 hear a lecture on Giordano Bruno, and Archie took my 
 place and read one of Martineau's sermons to Mrs. Stir- 
 ling. I was deeply interested in Mr. McFarlan's sermon, 
 almost from the first ; but before long I found that his 
 treatment of the subject, the drinking of the cup Christ 
 drank of, brought my husband's verses to my mind. And 
 with him in my thought, my whole being, judge what it 
 was to hear the speaker quote two verses of his ; repeat 
 them so earnestly, so feelingly! This strangely sweet 
 and solemn music rang through the church, and must I 
 .think have impressed all who were gathered there. On 
 me the effect was almost overwhelming. It seemed like 
 an instant's rending of the veil, so thin, so inexorably im- 
 pervious ; seemed an utter surprise, and yet what I 
 was waiting for ! I think this contradictory feeling be- 
 longs to all deep emotion. The whole sermon was full of 
 noblest teaching ; " salvation not a matter of crowns or 
 thrones, but of fellowship with Christ's self -surrender," 
 I think those very words occurred ; that was the spirit of 
 the whole, and, one felt, the spirit of the man who spoke 
 so fervently and so modestly. I was obliged to write a 
 few lines to your dear sister at once. But when Mr. 
 McFarlan called in the evening, I could not see him ; I 
 
THE MOUNTAIN RILL. 555 
 
 had felt too deeply. Mary wrote too to your sister, and 
 she has had a most delightful reply. I wish that they 
 were nearer to each other, and that the friendship could 
 be a frequent source of strength and cheer to this dear 
 delicate plant. But after all, what we really need does 
 " gravitate to us." That I believe, in spite of the contra- 
 dictory regrets now and then at the divided growth of 
 some natures because of the adverse winds in youth or the 
 want of sun. I have ceased blaming in the old angry 
 way, as though it was their own personal perversity that 
 led people astray. 
 
 How it touches me to hear that standing by our grave 
 you thought of him as not there, but risen and living. 
 How glad I am you like the nieces in whom he took so 
 true an interest, the kind sister-in-law for whom he had so 
 true a regard. Your visit was more to them than you 
 could easily realize. For it is the very condition of moral 
 influence that it should be quite unconscious. Still, as it 
 is a fact, you must be a little glad to know that you have 
 helped us all, and will help. 
 
 The inclosed note from Mr. M came to-day after a 
 
 long silence. For after that May letter that brought me 
 darkness, instead of light, I had not spirits to write again 
 for months, and I had to wait too for months. I am sure 
 
 from all I hear of young M that he is delightful. 
 
 Perhaps you may see him one of these days. I quite under- 
 stand what his father says of Mr. Martineau's new volume, 
 but his noble essays on Modern Materialism show that he 
 is abreast with all the schools of modern thinking. Only 
 his emotions yearn ever to the same Ideal, yearn perhaps 
 increasingly. But I have wondered rather at his treating 
 certain of the miracles reported as though perhaps they 
 did happen, and at all events we might make them mean 
 this or that spiritual lesson, exemplify some moral law. 
 In all this he does give an uncertain sound ; does not help 
 some who need to hold very firmly some very simple 
 
556 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 creed, and cannot take as historical fact what it was quite 
 easy to accept as such not so many years ago. Turning 
 for instance to Roden Noel's paper in the January " The- 
 ological," after reading Martineau's sermons, one feels as 
 though looking through a glass darkly still, but one of 
 wider range, sweeping a far vaster f each of the illimitable. 
 But is not that a kind of verbal contradiction ? Never 
 mind ; we must use our own words, even when we know 
 they do not and cannot express what is. But Mr. 
 
 M 's letter is very interesting. I feel as if the 
 
 prayer that seems to concentrate in itself all the agonies 
 of the ages "If it be possible " went straighter to 
 the mark than any even of David's cries ; and that the 
 image of divine mercy given in the Prodigal Son were 
 still and for each the sweetest source of hope. I think 
 having so long contemplated mystery and supernatural- 
 ness has hindered for many, who can't do that, the full 
 perception of the tenderness and brotherhood. I 've al- 
 ways thought it strange that in his long list of men to 
 revere and worship Comte fails to give Christ. 
 
 To Mrs. Haughton. 
 
 Nov. 17, 1879. This sorrow that you used to think 
 excessive, dear friend, is the root of all that any love in 
 me, the source of all aspiration, the stimulus to all good. 
 It is the love, undying till I die, and perhaps, perhaps ! 
 
 To Miss Edith Wrench. 
 
 1879. 
 
 Mary thinks I wrote to you a fortnight ago, and if so 
 the goats had not arrived. 1 Jane's has been brought here 
 
 1 She had been much impressed by the difficulty experienced by 
 the inhabitants about Patterdale (as in many country districts in 
 England) in getting a proper supply of milk. She therefore, through 
 her brother in Wales, where goats are commonly kept, imported 
 several, more than once. 
 

 THE MOUNTAIN RILL. 557 
 
 this evening for her and Mrs. Dobson's inspection, and 
 the dear creature came up-stairs, and ate bread from our 
 hands, and looked about her with utmost discretion. Jane 
 said, " How Miss W. would have liked to see her ! " In- 
 deed she is a perfect beauty, very like a deer, with a 
 broad black stripe down the brown back, and a quite 
 black head and face, with beautiful horns. You can im- 
 agine how Jane's young brother doats upon her, and in- 
 deed all Glen Rhydding visits her, pets and feeds. Billy 
 lives at Quarry Bank, and I saw him this morning. The 
 beauty of Place Fell's snowy top against the cloudless blue 
 attracted me so that I set out at half past ten. I found 
 Birnarn sitting or rather lying in the field next but one to 
 Quarry Bank. What takes him there no one knows. Ap- 
 parently he was only enjoying the view ; however, he was 
 delighted to join me, and soon the four dogs ran to meet 
 me my Rap, in an ecstacy ; and then Billy came run- 
 ning up too, for he is a most familiar goat, and expects 
 bread given him, indeed knocks at the door with his horns 
 when he wants it specially. Well, dear, excited by Burn- 
 aby, who cannot endure goats, the other dogs barked as 
 he did, and the goat butted and bleated, and the hubbub 
 was such that I was glad to rush into Quarry Bank, and 
 there the dear little woman had much to tell me. There 
 is something or other to do daily, and this might grow 
 beyond my resources. I walked bravely to the top of the 
 hill, but where the path ends the frozen snow began and 
 was far too slippery for me. Nothing for it but coming 
 back, but I was high enough to see Helvellyn looking glo- 
 rious in his white mantle, and oh, how I " thanked God 
 for the mountains." Sweet Rap would come with nie, so 
 dined here. He is quite well now, and I am very fond of 
 him, with his gentle loving gaze, and bright smile for 
 my Edith knows it is quite a smile that shows the perfect 
 teeth. 
 
558 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 To Miss Edith Wrench 
 
 1880. 
 
 I was much taken up last year with the conception of a 
 room in the school-house here being made into a reading- 
 room for the men of the township, who have no meeting- 
 place except the public-house. And drunkenness is the 
 scourge of the place. Of course if they do go to the pub- 
 lic house they will drink. I had spoken to the policeman 
 before I left, and told him to see what could be done, but 
 
 when on my return he referred me to , I gave up the 
 
 idea, feeling I was too poor and powerless to carry it out. 
 However on Saturday the idea revived, and A. R. and I 
 are going to make a round and see whether a sufficient 
 number take to the notion and are ready to subscribe 
 three pence a week, to make it at all hopeful to move 
 further. About ten shillings a week would I think cover 
 
 the expenses, and surely Mr. would help on the 
 
 plan if the trustees of the school consented. I promised 
 five pounds last winter towards books,, etc., and really 
 
 it is wonderful how I scramble on, though never 
 
 pays or will, and the reading-room subscription would be 
 annual, so long as one lives and has anything to live on. 
 
 To Mrs. Haughton. 
 
 [Dec. 20, 1879. After speaking of a sermon.] I write 
 also on the other side of the page thoughts that it sug- 
 gested as I walked up a lonely mountain valley this after- 
 noon, walked in deep shadow and bitter frost, while 
 the opposite side glowed in the rosy haze of a winter 
 sunset. 
 
 From the still sphere where dwells my highest hope, 
 Stand off, I pray you, nor disturb the air ! 
 
 Lest, while you boast it living, it should die, 
 And I lose all, whose all is centred there. 
 
THE MOUNTAIN RILL. 559 
 
 Bring me no arguments, no reasoned proof ; 
 
 How if their weakness cloud that sacred trust ? 
 Leave it to God alone to mark its growth 
 
 And keep it deathless till I turn to dust. 
 
 Nor is this all though more I dare not say, 
 
 Words would but marshal thoughts to endless strife; 
 
 Enough, if, cherished in my being's core, 
 The silent hope may mould the lowly life. 
 
CHAPTER XXXVI. 
 
 THIS FRIENDLY WORLD. 
 
 To Lady Eastlake. 
 
 23 MELVILLE STREET, EDINBURGH, January 28, 1880. 
 WHAT a picture of endurance and defiance of all 
 bodily ills these letters of Charles Dickens give. There 
 may perhaps be too many of them given. It is scarce 
 reverent to preserve the mere clippings and parings of 
 any mind ; but I, who am not critical, and who always 
 felt Dickens a benefactor such delight did those 
 monthly numbers of his bring into many years of my rest- 
 less life I love the man from first to last with a glow 
 which is the best enjoyment one can have. I think that 
 is, of all gifts that genius includes, the best that power 
 of awakening intense affection in the hearts of many it 
 is good for the many ! I really lived in Dickens's letters, 
 and I think they helped my recovery from a bad cough 
 and cold. All our ailments come from low vitality at 
 least such as those and other minor evils, and if we could 
 be quickened by any intense emotion they would mostly 
 be conquered. Perhaps electricity, better understood, 
 will ere long do directly what feelings of admiration and 
 delight do in a roundabout way, and in the measure per- 
 mitted by temperament even more than circumstance. 
 " More life and fuller life we want." On Sunday last I 
 got some very satisfactory stimulus of the kind from a 
 volume of " Scotch Sermons " now going through the 
 press, to be published by Macmillan. I should like you 
 to read them, dear Lady Eastlake. To me they appear 
 far in advance of Farrar's " Eternal Hope." But then I 
 
THIS FRIENDLY WORLD. 561 
 
 so dislike Farrar's turgid elaborate style, and his position 
 seems to me that of a popularizer of other men's labours, 
 without any acknowledgment of the fact that to break up 
 the fallow ground and to sow alone, and with a conscious- 
 ness of the censure and repugnance of even good men, 
 was a far more arduous task than that of coming in to 
 reap, nay, rather to glean. Farrar's restricted and arbi- 
 trary liberality of view (I am thinking of his St. Paul) is, 
 however, the thin, very thin end of the wedge, and so that 
 light comes in through the smallest chink we should be 
 glad. But in the " Scotch Sermons " the attitude of the 
 best men is quite bold and simple, and there is a reality 
 about them, and a facing things as they are to the intel- 
 lect of our day, in full faith that if we are true to our 
 light we need not have any fear for the consequences, tho' 
 we may be quite unable to foresee them. Oh, dear Lady 
 Eastlake, to one who has loved and lost as you and I have, 
 unutterably, there really can be no interests worth speak- 
 ing or except those of the whence and the whither. 
 
 To Mrs. A. Constable. 
 
 CHISTLETON (CHESTER), March 3, 1880. 
 
 . . . Birnam's portrait excites rapturous applause. 
 Fanny Newcome sees in him her ideal dog, and all delight 
 in his dear phiz. Hessie was struck with my face as it 
 passed her in the railway carriage ; " something differ- 
 ent" which she attributes to my freedom from cares, " a 
 peace and light " which, if it ever shine save in her 
 kindly partial eyes, comes from 
 
 " the flame 
 Which burns the brighter that it burns unfed," 
 
 And I have had so sheltered a winter with you and my 
 dear, dear Archie I 
 
562 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 To Miss Lyon. 
 
 GARTHEWIN, April 1, 1880. 
 
 The third letter must be written to my very dear Sophy, 
 my kind hostess, my pleasant companion for so full and 
 busy a fortnight. How wonderfully tranquil this place is, 
 and how lovely ! To me, so fraught with all memories, I 
 feel as if in a trance. But through all moods there runs 
 the thread of the one dominant feeling, and so I know 
 that " I am I," which else might seem doubtful. My hus- 
 band has been with me in this pleasant room whence I 
 look down into a soft valley, brimful of misty sunshine, 
 and see the busy rooks, with glossy backs turned white by 
 the light, fly to and fro to their nests in the fine old Scotch 
 firs. No sound but their cawing, rather a part of the 
 silence than a noise, and the wild cry of the pea-fowl, 
 who have I hope certain knowledge of their own of rain 
 measurably near, and of some softening of the tempera- 
 ture. Brownlow says "black frost last night." He is 
 very pleasant certainly, and we had much talk driving 
 
 here yesterday. And S is all welcome and daughter- 
 
 liness, and her light figure trips up and down stairs so 
 easily one has no scruples. . . . Pity is affection if not 
 of the admiring, never of the contemptuous kind. So 
 little makes us to differ ! Some evil germ in us might 
 have developed into those proportions, instead of getting, 
 through some combination to one's self unknown, encysted 
 in the moral nature comparatively harmless unless 
 there be some subtle change in the medium. . . . To- 
 morrow I must get up earlier and overtake more arrears 
 of letter-writing, but this morning I could indeed lie in 
 bed and look out of the window and find the occupations 
 of the rooks enough for me, without any of my own. The 
 first effect of this place for dreaminess is inexpressible. 
 
THIS FRIENDLY WORLD. 563 
 
 To Mrs. A. Constable. 
 
 GARTHEWIN, April 5, 1880. 
 
 How I hope this soft, bright day, with grand clouds, 
 intense sunbursts, and sudden, short-lived glooms, finds 
 you bright and well, with only happy, trustful, thankful 
 thoughts ; the " seamy side," which will turn up now and 
 then, quite out of view. There are the dark days, when 
 everything seems to go wrong, but perhaps they are teach- 
 ing us something. I try to think of them so when they 
 come, which is not often, because of that steady light from 
 the blessed past, and the great, infinite hope, too great for 
 grasping. . . . 
 
 You said, dear Archie, that you wished to know my im- 
 pression of Count Mamiani's " Religione dell' Avvenire." 
 It is full of interest as the final result of the hard thinking 
 throughout a long life of a man of noble intellect and 
 noble moral character, and seems to me a valuable con- 
 tribution in aid of the growth and open acknowledgment 
 of that simpler faith which in all countries is occupying 
 the best minds. I do not suppose it would be thought 
 convincing by materialists ; but it deals candidly and 
 carefully with their arguments, while firmly adhering to 
 the dualistic view, and basing the belief in immortality 
 thereon. I think its chief interest lies in its analysis of 
 the religious element as progressive and ordered ; holding 
 (to quote words of my husband's) that " there may be a 
 normal development of the human mind, according to 
 which certain ideas or truths are generated and become 
 universal faiths." There are frequent references made to 
 the author's previous work, and certain passages are more 
 applicable to Catholic than Protestant errors. I think 
 the book would bear compression. The publisher 
 Fratelli Treves, Milan would have to be communi- 
 cated with by any English firm entertaining the idea of 
 having it translated. How gladly and for how small a 
 
564 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 sum I would undertake the task, you know. This is 
 hardly the time for anticipating a hearing for a book of 
 this abstract kind, but if you can further my interests, 
 either with regard to it or to Lotze's " Microcosmos," which 
 Dr. Noah Porter of Yale College strongly recommends to 
 me for translation, I know you will. Dr. Porter is so 
 anxious to have this last one translated that he says if I 
 fail in meeting with a publisher he will have it done on 
 " the other side." You may tell any one you apply to 
 that I have done a good deal of this kind of work. I 
 have rather understated the philosophical charm, the calm 
 and elevation, that Mamiani's book appears to me emi- 
 nently to possess. 
 
 LLANBERIS, April 28, 1880. 
 
 . . . The inclemency is greater than it was in the win- 
 ter, but the sun shines and the mountains are quite clear 
 and very glorious. I am much struck with them, far 
 grander than anything dear Patterdale has to show. On 
 Monday after an early dinner we were off by train to the 
 second station, and walked back over high ground ; 
 Snowdon facing us, head and shoulders white ; the silver 
 sea sparkling behind, and a most exulting sky of blue, and 
 snowy clouds ; all full of a joy such as only the lark's song 
 knows the secret of. It is curious to me to hear the 
 laughter of this dear one, and my own ! Ah, not because 
 we do not know sorrow ; rather, out of its depths does this 
 singular light-heartedness spring ! . . . A morning of M. 
 A.'s reading aloud (she reads perfectly) while I got on 
 with my tidy, which will soon be with you now for fring- 
 ing ; and Mrs. , a kindly friend, called and brought 
 
 lovely tea cakes. . . . There is something affecting to me 
 
 in the life that and lead. Nothing varied in their 
 
 life ; no sense of, not to say power of expressing, differ- 
 entiation. They can characterize nothing, probably from 
 not having had any conscious experience. If a stone could 
 speak, it would not tell us much, neither dislike the dust 
 
THIS FRIENDLY WORLD. 565 
 
 nor bless the dew. Poor dear thinks she ought to 
 
 have left , where they have no ties, no pleasures, 
 
 where they remained through a kind of agglutination of 
 habit, just as a snail might glue himself too strongly to a 
 wall, and die in the recesses of his shell. Now she be- 
 wails, but energy is gone. She thinks they yet might 
 move, if the others wanted it, but they have not vitality 
 enough to wish ; they have no imagination to construct a 
 change for the better. Ah, it was affecting to me. . . . 
 
 When with , I feel as if I were stirring a green pool 
 
 and letting in reaches of reflected view. But the conf ervae, 
 one knows, will close in again, and the water be stagnant 
 and unlighted. Really this is no exaggeration. The moral 
 of it is, I think, the necessity of mental occupation. I shall 
 be so glad to have my own child with me again. Her af- 
 fection is surely my best thing left, with its roots so deep 
 down in the past. 
 
 To Lady Eastlake. 
 
 PATTERDALE, May 20, 1880. 
 
 I find it more and more difficult to distinguish between 
 exceeding unamiability and unqualified unselfishness, and 
 cerebral disease. I really suppose those poor afflicted 
 ones cannot help it, and illogical though it may be, I do 
 not find that this exemption of some from responsibility 
 lessens one's own earnest desire to keep down the fault 
 one is conscious of, or one's sense of power of choice be- 
 tween the evil and the good in other words, " to keep a 
 little sane." I see " Dr. Bigby's Letters " advertised 
 ["Dr. Rigby's Letters from France," 1789], and I shall 
 read them with the undimmed interest that attaches to 
 everything connected with the Great Revolution. I often 
 think we are nearing a very serious social crisis in our own 
 country. The old sanctions of religious fear and hope 
 are weakening, and the land question will involve much 
 necessary change, and, in its course, suffering. The same 
 
566 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 causes seem at work in all countries, though on a very 
 different scale. Still, the old order is evidently " passing," 
 and I fear that in our large cities there is class-hatred, 
 and sense of unjust inequality of lots. As I translated 
 the two first chapters of Taine, for the " Contemporary 
 Review," it seemed to me that there were alarming analo- 
 gies between the state of England now, and that of France 
 in 1785. Still, I think there are strong drags on the 
 wheels of the national chariot, and that it will go down the 
 hill with comparative safety down the hill which pre- 
 cedes another ascent. I have many Conservative friends, 
 whose present language amounts positively to pessimism. 
 But I marvel how any believer in God, i. e. Supreme Wis- 
 dom, which must be Love, fails to reach the conclusion of 
 the grand old Psalmist, " Therefore we will not fear." 
 
 To Mrs. Haughton. 
 
 PATTERDALE, June 4, 1880. 
 
 This is not the first time that you have believed your- 
 self on the point of what we call death, and higher beings 
 perhaps recognize as birth, birth into a condition of fuller 
 knowledge and therefore greater love and greater joy. 
 ... I think nothing can help us more than the feeling 
 that loved ones have trodden that unknown way it 
 makes it seem familiar. They felt these strange sensa- 
 tions, unfelt by us before, and that gives interest and 
 takes away terror. What has not the death of an unseen, 
 unheard Christ been to millions and millions ! And the 
 death of one of his brethren whom we have intimately 
 known and unspeakably loved h,elps us in proportion to 
 the closeness of the union between the one left and the 
 one "gone before." Oh, I think indeed, and often be- 
 lieve, dear friend, that the best is yet to come for us all 
 (though to some of us this earth has become so dear, not 
 till we leave it can we cease to feel it best) ; that our 
 vague aspirations after holiness, perfection, will all be ful- 
 
THIS FRIENDLY WORLD. 567 
 
 filled ; that Love never dieth. . . . Some of us cannot at- 
 tain to certainty. William has said, " God fashions some 
 in one way, some in another," and " God will not take 
 away our immortality because we have but little enjoyed 
 the hope of it." " Saved by hope" hope suffices, and 
 the sense that comes to us at our best that love can never 
 
 die. 
 
 To Miss Violetta Smith. 
 
 Dr. Lietch spoke too of my story, "The Professor's 
 Wife," and said, " You put your heart into that," I was 
 not aware he had ever read it, but most surely I did, 
 and I should like you and Clara to read it in " Chainbers's 
 Journal " for May, 1860 ; only I suppose it would be im- 
 possible or nearly so to get at. The tints are becoming 
 lovely, some young birches all gold filigree and the ferns 
 all shades from cream color to rich brown. This morning 
 our Rap came over, out of his own dear head, and shared 
 the walk. It began with a visit to the poor blind man, who 
 is oh, so poor ! So one can do a little there, and that suffices 
 to make one like him. Birnam hunted to his heart's con- 
 tent and is the cheeriest of little dogs, but also the most 
 easily depressed when not quite well, and rheumatism I 
 think is the reason why one paw is held up and so piteous 
 an expression put on. Never was anything prettier than 
 his ecstacy when his dear master arrived on Saturday night. 
 His little face got quite solemn as he leaned up beside his 
 recovered beloved one, nor gave a glance to any other. It 
 made me think of what is ever in my heart, latently if 
 not consciously what all nature seems made to illus- 
 trate the great hope of a love that deepens as the years 
 slide on so swiftly, I was indeed interested in ail you 
 say about " Theophrastus Such," Some of the essays are 
 grand, others I think a little cruel. The petty vanity of 
 small authorship is a subject that from her eminence she 
 ought hardly I think to have treated. But are there not 
 numerous revelations to ourselves of weak points we hope 
 
568 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 (vainly !) our friends may not have discovered ? I won- 
 der how any one can bear thus to criticise this great mor- 
 alist without an acknowledgment of this kind. 
 
 PATTERDALE, June 11, 1880. 
 
 ... I was off to Mrs. H., and found her wonderfully 
 better. On my way I met a woman who coughed osten- 
 tatiously, as it were, and wore a fur about her neck. She 
 meant me to stop, and I did, and all her symptoms were 
 unfolded, and commented upon by your Zia with such 
 sagacity that she said, " Why, I do believe you '11 be as 
 
 good as Dr. ! " and invited me to call. I do believe 
 
 I shall be a formidable rival practitioner, advice gratis 
 and medicine given. Mrs. H., was "cracking" with 
 
 little " the kindest creatur." I was much 
 
 affected with this proof of the divinity of kindness, ser- 
 viceableness. Here is this little half-witted woman a 
 blessing. And they tell me that she enters into such curi- 
 ously close relations with animals ; has names for all the 
 sheep under her care, and they know her. If you see a 
 quite cheap red or blue collar, such as might decorate a 
 cat, you might send it to me. I would go as far as a shil- 
 ling. She is so obliged when her cats are asked for. I 
 may tell you that I have made a friend of the smith for 
 life by telling him he had the prettiest little girl in the 
 district, and so she is. And now I must tell you of my 
 perfect walk on an ineffable afternoon. The hills drew 
 me, and I went up through those trees you wot of ; first 
 birches and gnarled hollies, and at my feet exquisite 
 flowers I never saw the flowers so profuse here as they 
 are this year. And oh, the blues of Fairfield, the gran- 
 deur of Sunday Crag, the frolic lights and shades on 
 Hartsop Dodd and the other mountains ; and then a rain- 
 bow like an order across the sturdy green breast of the 
 Dodd ! The beauty was great indeed, and the exquisite 
 solitude. A pair of ravens croaked and flew about as 
 
THIS FRIENDLY WORLD. 569 
 
 though they had a nest not far off. I went far enough to 
 see that with the day before me I might make out the 
 lower crest of Fairfield. No words can say how such a 
 ramble lifts me into his dear companionship who loved 
 the mountains, and to whom Nature revealed herself as 
 she never can to me, because he was more, and it is in 
 proportion of course to what we are that we have. And 
 when once this is intellectually apprehended, the language 
 of discontent will be less seldom heard, because it will be 
 known what it implies. And by and by the higher wis- 
 dom will come in, and the joy in the higher life of others. 
 
 To Mrs. A. Constable. 
 
 PATTERDALE, July 19, 1880. 
 
 ... I have nothing the matter with me that I know 
 of, as precious mother added invariably. You will blend 
 many a thought of her, my darling, with your enjoyment 
 of the " Messiah." What she used to feel at the very thought 
 of its sublimity ! I go over it through you. Was there 
 ever a lovelier melody than that of " Comfort ye " ? 
 When I am going to hear " That her warfare is accom- 
 plished " I feel as if I could not bear its unutterable ten- 
 derness. One can't help wishing Handel could hear how 
 they render him now. He may, you know ! If I live an- 
 other three years I will try to hear this marvel once more. 
 If gifted people hear, as they must, more in this music 
 than I, how do they survive it ! I Ve been reading " The 
 Ethics of Sophocles " with much interest, my Archie, in 
 bed in the front room ; with the brook purling its sweet 
 accompaniment to the great questions put by those old 
 Greeks as they are put now ; the putting of them consti- 
 tuting us men ; the answer, if it come, proving us im- 
 mortals. 
 
570 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 To Mrs. Ruck. 
 
 PATTERDALE, July 26, 1880. 
 
 I have been silent longer than usual, for I felt that 
 although did I claim them your kind thoughts would be 
 given to me, it was really better not to write just now, 
 when every day is full to overflowing. But you know 
 that I think of you with delight, with all your darlings, 
 and their darlings who are also yours, gathered about you. 
 Not a//, yet perhaps the sweet one who is absent is nearer 
 than any, and in your heart I know mingles with every 
 joy. It must be touching to see her little boy playing 
 with her loved brother's little girl. What an ecstasy the 
 sands and the great sea, when in weather like this " it 
 seems the gentlest of created things," do bestow on chil- 
 dren. No such playfellows as those little waves ! I see 
 the chicks and their elders, all so happy, and surrounded 
 with an outer sphere of kindliness and variety. All you 
 tell me is delightful, and I trust this gathering may be a 
 long one that Dr. Darwin may be able to remain with 
 you a while and that it may be often repeated. Your 
 dear healthy nature is so alive to all the good and pleas- 
 urable, and throws off the other elements of life. 
 
 I am a poor creature indeed, too easily and too deeply 
 ruffled. Last evening I beheld one of the company of 
 quite uncultivated but as it is called well-to-do people now 
 staying at the next door, busily engaged in uprooting a 
 few common but most graceful ferns that bent over the 
 other side of the brook, and often delighted me as they 
 dipped into the water when it was quietly full and were 
 swayed by it in the flood. Their beauty was one of posi- 
 tion, was that of the trees and the stream as well as the 
 fern. That of course was hidden from this coarse nature, 
 who only saw in any given thing a something to have and 
 to carry away. But he might have known that he had no 
 right to jump over a fence into inclosed grounds. Well, 
 
THIS FRIENDLY WORLD. 571 
 
 my darling, this made me so indignant that there was not 
 a pulse or nerve that did not quiver. And I woke from 
 iny first sleep with numb arms and such sensations in the 
 head as were new to me and amounted to a changed iden- 
 tity a terrible sense of dissolution and nothingness, and 
 fear that I could neither remember nor speak. I recalled 
 one bit of rhyme after another I tried to stay myself 
 upon the " Power not ourselves " and by and by could 
 return to bed and fall asleep. You know that not to 
 wake would seem to me very sweet. This morning my 
 head racks. I am saddened to feel how at the mercy of 
 circumstances I am. This baring of the whole country 
 this destruction of all flowers and ferns was very forci- 
 bly brought forward in the " Standard " some three weeks 
 or a month ago, and the statistics of spoliation given. It 
 is a fact that here little but nettles and plantain is left. 
 Wherever a fern spread so as to attract the eye it has 
 been taken. With me the disgust at the offensive and 
 dishonest covetousness that cannot see without appropriat- 
 ing is perhaps the thing that most rouses my anger, and 
 anger would soon kill it rends me. It is very sad, for 
 I can never hope for a Swiss tour with any dear friend ! 
 To see the gentians and anemones carried away would be 
 more than I could bear. It will take a longer time to 
 strip Switzerland than this Lake district, but 't is but an 
 affair of time. Before the higher culture that can wor- 
 ship without wanting to have becomes general, centuries I 
 suppose must pass. My life will close in the worst mo- 
 ment of the transition from indifference to flowers and 
 ferns, to the eventual reverence for them which will leave 
 them amid their own beautiful surroundings to gladden 
 the eyes of others. But by that time they will only be to 
 be found in botanical gardens. Well, my dear one, you 
 will wonder why I cannot change the subject I will. 
 
572 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 To the Rev. Allan Menzies. 
 
 PATTERDALE, July 27, 1880. 
 
 I have had a delightful morning over Principal Caird's 
 book, more especially the chapter on " The Moral Life," 
 and as I lay it down I feel an impulse to write a few words 
 to you. This is rather a shyer thing than it used to be in 
 your solitary days, not only because the completer life so 
 far from wanting may consider letters rather troublesome 
 superfluities, but because spontaneity is a little checked 
 by the knowledge that four eyes read the pages. For I 
 take it for granted that with you, as it was with us, every- 
 thing is shared. I dare say I was often a hampering 
 thought to some that wrote to my husband. But indeed 
 it is one personality, after all, and I am not going even to 
 remember that it is more complex, possibly more critical, 
 or anything except that I want to tell you the intense in- 
 terest the book excites in me. Is it its Hegelianism which 
 gives it a certain novel charm ? . . . My husband had 
 never read, that is never been a student of Hegel. How- 
 ever, names are nothing. At a certain elevation thought 
 is necessarily one. And though its gains are to my think- 
 ing more precious and even sacred when I think of them 
 as the result rather of God in man, the gift implied in 
 man's nature, than as special utterances of God to man, 
 in certain places and at certain times ; yet one does not 
 wonder that the wondrously comprehensive sayings in our 
 Bible stood and still stand for specially divine revelations. 
 How they dilate before the mind, when one goes back to 
 them from reading this chapter and sees they hold it all ! 
 
 I can now better understand Mr. P S 's feeling 
 
 of indifference to the difference between the standards of 
 the church and his. Still, those standards do not to the 
 common mind mean this grand Unity that reconciles 
 all things, and, could we but remain on the Mount of 
 Vision would almost conquer sorrow and self. They rep- 
 
THIS FRIENDLY WORLD. 573 
 
 resent a quite other tendency, which has recently found 
 hideous manifestation in the Free Church Assembly ; and 
 I therefore hope they will be modified, not only through 
 enlightened men contravening them, but brave men de- 
 manding that what is capable of such widely different in- 
 terpretation should undergo change, compression, excision. 
 I don't feel satisfied with a kind of esoteric conviction 
 that nobody nowadays can mean this by that. Well, it 
 will all be right, and that volume of sermons [" Scotch 
 Sermons "] will help on the better day, u the Christ that 
 is to be." Twenty years ago, here in this sweet Patter- 
 dale, my Holy Land of joy and grief, my husband read 
 me out that noble strain of hope, and the line I quote hurt 
 my then narrowness of mind. He gently suggested its 
 meaning, but left out the verse when he read it next, with 
 that exquisite " compassion for the weak, and for those 
 out of the way," that "gentle leading," which belongs to 
 all true guides that get the flock on to greener pastures 
 and waters of more comfort. . . . There that is enough 
 about books. I hear a splashing in the brook which re- 
 minds me of a really interesting friendship between the 
 two cows on whom we depend for our one luxury. One 
 of these dear milky mothers has had an illness, and has 
 looked pathetically ludicrous walking about with a blanket 
 bound round her for fear of catching cold. And how dis- 
 dainfully she has mumbled an odd blade of grass here and 
 there, with all the caprice of a fine lady ! This morning 
 she betook herself to a saunter up the river, and the other 
 ran wildly to the gate of the field to announce the risk her 
 friend was running, and then stood watching her return, 
 but when that seemed to be delayed too long went into 
 the river herself to fetch her back. With these cows 
 there is reciprocity no doubt, but the love of one is more 
 passive. I was stroking her silky white coat the other 
 day, when up ran the brown lady and pushed me away, 
 and then fell to licking the recipient of my caresses, as 
 
574 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 though they had left some discredit that needed removal. 
 I have not got the dear Birnam. Archie and Mary 
 brought him with them on the 22d of May, meaning to 
 leave him here, but the game-keeper, fussy about his set- 
 ting pheasants, sent a savage message, and so Archie had 
 to come over at once and take him back. They went off 
 on the 5th, and I had a week of intenser life, alone on the 
 hills or over my books, than often visits me now. Now I 
 am what old-fashioned Scotch people call " in my usuals," 
 and dear Violetta has come to me for I hope several 
 weeks. She has just returned from the Ober-Ammergau, 
 and felt an intense interest in the Passion-play. Archie 
 and Mary have been enjoying the Handel Festival, and 
 many other things, but that I think will be the most abid- 
 ing impression. You will easily imagine how entirely 
 liked they are by the country people here. It is amusing 
 to hear the various epithets used, but for Mary there is 
 an unvarying one, whatever may be added : " She is so 
 feeling." 
 
 . To Mrs. A. Constable. 
 
 PENBITH, July 30, 1880. 
 
 I must write a few lines to tell my dear ones of an inter- 
 esting visit yesterday from that sweet creature Mrs. R 
 
 R , who has c6me to this neighbourhood for two nights. 
 
 She brought her lovely little girl, one of the handsomest, 
 most high-bred, well-behaved gentlewomen of her age. 
 She is the counterpart of her splendid looking father, who 
 when he stalked in made the room shrink to a nutshell, 
 and, having nothing to say, said nothing, with the aplomb 
 of some great mastiff who turns a deaf ear to idle human 
 talk. Really the sweet woman's bliss is heart-warming, 
 and when the child rubbed her fair head on her knee I 
 felt and even saw the restrained impulse to " eat her up," 
 the agony of mother-love and said, " Is n't it wonder, 
 ful how you live through such bliss ? " And she said it 
 
THIS FRIENDLY WORLD. 575 
 
 was, and if there were not sometimes little colds and 
 alarms she did not think she could bear her happiness. 
 They are off to-day, and she drives here to exhibit the 
 baby. Strange, how I feel the contagion of her joy. I 
 was very poorly before she came, but my headache went 
 off. One is so glad of gladness, and she is one of the 
 highly organized and expressive. 
 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Loomis. 
 
 PATTEBDALE, Aug. 7, 1880. 
 
 . . . You have given an attractive name to the charm- 
 ing house, of which I am glad to have a photograph. In 
 the " Contemporary " of this month there is a very lamen- 
 table picture of our " Dishorned " condition. I can well un- 
 derstand the different amount of motive and interest felt 
 by those who aspire to a home that shall as it were be or- 
 ganically related to their taste and temperament, and that 
 open to those whose aspirations never go beyond cutting 
 themselves down and fitting themselves into a house that 
 is like a thousand others, and probably represents no one's 
 preference, only the builder's convenience. It made me 
 sad that my husband had not a home, for he would have 
 loved it. But I think he was content with his little desk, 
 and the companion to whom his presence made any spot a 
 heart's home indeed. And naturally I never wish for any 
 outward thing now, which is fortunate, for such wishes 
 could not be indulged. " Shelter Eaves " led me to this 
 train of thought, and indeed the article in question has a 
 very solemn amount of truth in it, though the writer is, I 
 hope, rather a one-idea man, and even a rented abode may 
 become endeared and ennobled by true and loving lives 
 being led within its walls. However, the land question 
 is one widely put nowadays, and spite of the high-handed 
 way in which the Lords have just rejected an Irish devel- 
 opment of it, it is a question that will have to be answered, 
 not silenced. But I trust social changes may be carried 
 
576 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 011 more gradually, more bloodlessly, here than is the case 
 in France, or perhaps may be the case in Germany. 
 Here there is a comparative fusion of classes, and a very 
 growing sense of the solidarity of the human race. 
 
 I have got just now a book I find helpful, Principal 
 Caird's " Philosophy of Religion." They say it is fraught 
 with Hegelianism. But the one important thing is to feel 
 raised toward a high standard, liberated for a while from 
 the limitations of self. How some writers affect one thus 
 others leave one cold or even carping. In these mat- 
 ters we may I think be pretty safely guided by personal 
 results, and without disparaging teachers whose voice 
 does not draw us, who do not know our natures by name, 
 we may turn to others. I often wonder how it is we feel 
 the personality so plainly through the printed page. I do 
 not know your Boston preacher, Phillips Brooks. The 
 Established Church of Scotland has just produced a vol- 
 ume of very thrilling sermons, published by Macmillan. 
 I should like you to see them. They show a very remark- 
 able freedom of thought, and the Presbyteries are satisfied ! 
 What changes we see ! I was brought up by the sweet- 
 est and tenderest of mothers, who would not herself have 
 hurt a fly, or the feeling of the poorest and most ignorant, 
 to shudder at Pope's line, 
 
 " He can't be wrong whose action 's in the right." 
 
 Her immense awe and humility made this seem arro- 
 gant, impious. And yet is it not tantamount to " The 
 tree is known by its fruits ? " I think we now shall all 
 agree in supremely desiring "the mind that was in 
 Christ," and, so that " sweet reasonableness " obtain in 
 any character, love it, and thank God for it, whatever the 
 opinions. Words distort, and it is so difficult to get at 
 definitions. ... Is not all real genius akin ? I think the 
 highest thought must speak the same moral truths, just as 
 musicians must deal with the same notes, and the primary 
 
THIS FRIENDLY WORLD. 577 
 
 colors are few. I was so pleased with your appreciation 
 of Mrs. Pfeiffer's poem that I at once read it over again, 
 and admired it more than before. She is a most lovely 
 woman, and her husband adores her. I copied out that 
 part of your letter for him, knowing the pleasure it would 
 give. And I don't think 1 am doing any harm in sending 
 you one of his. His warm heart, overflowing with happi- 
 ness, is sorry for me, and therefore as you see very kindly. 
 It may interest you to have this peep into the home life of 
 the poet you admire. You, who love music, would have 
 liked to hear her accompany her husband's singing. She 
 plays charmingly, and her flower-painting is the most 
 beautiful I have seen. This reminds me of Mrs. Loomis's 
 painting on china. She too has the artistic temperament, 
 with its high enjoyments. And she must never give up 
 playing, even to the daughters. I doubt that even their 
 music will please you like hers ! 
 
 Some five or six weeks ago I had a half -hour's call from 
 friends of President Porter's, on their way from Patter- 
 dale to Keswick. It was a pleasure to hear them speak 
 of him. I asked Miss Hillhouse if she knew you, but she 
 did not. There is something a little sad in these glimpses 
 of those we shall never see again. Will you not some 
 of these days re-cross the Atlantic ? My feeling for you 
 roots in my blessed past, and so lives. It is but a shad- 
 owy regard I can give to those who never knew my hus- 
 band. Fortunately for me all my oldest and truest friends 
 had that in their nature which enabled them to reverence 
 his. Just now I have a dear old friend of girlhood with 
 me. One of her nobly handsome sons married, three 
 years ago, Miss Thackeray. . . . She was here the other day 
 with her lovely little girl, telling of the perfection of her 
 baby boy, and radiant with love and joy. I am not much 
 alone. Nieces, old friends, come into retreat here, and are 
 good in saying that the quiet refreshes them. When I 
 am at my best I enjoy solitude, but it is best as an alter- 
 
578 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 native. Do i* jt be silent very long but never write me 
 a line that tires you. 
 
 To Mrs. Haughton. 
 
 [Patterdale, Oct. 30, 1880.] This whole poem of 
 Whittier's is beautiful. Oh, how often have I repeated 
 it to my husband at night when he could not sleep ! The 
 last verse of it he liked, and once repeated the two clos- 
 ing lines : 
 
 " And Thou, O Lord, by whom are seen 
 
 Thy creatures as they be, 
 Forgive me if too close I lean 
 My human heart on thee." 
 
 To Mrs. Cotton. 
 
 EDINBURGH, 1880. 
 
 On this sweet, sunny day my thoughts turn to you, 
 you bright one, and I will at least begin a letter. I have 
 been absorbed for several days in the contemplation of 
 wonderful personalities, Isabella Bird having kindly lent 
 all her long letters to her sister from the Malay Peninsula 
 the most interesting I think that she has yet written. 
 I am not sure whether you have read her " Rocky Moun- 
 tains." They are full of marvels. An Edinburgh clergy- 
 man who travelled rapidly over the same ground and had 
 not duly taken in the fact of " eyes and no eyes," or at 
 least of different ranges of mental vision, rashly protested 
 that he did not believe a word in Miss Bird's book. This 
 came to her ears, and when they met at a dinner party she 
 in her clear, gentlest tones (she is singularly gentle and 
 courteous) was heard by her dismayed hostess, who knew 
 and had felt the awkwardness of the position, to say, " I 
 hear, Mr. - -, that you consider my book inaccurate ; 
 would you give me some instances ? Perhaps I might 
 explain them." The embarrassment was great, and he 
 could adduce none in particular, but, however, it ended in 
 
THIS FRIENDLY WORLD. 579 
 
 the two talking all the evening, and in his going off en- 
 tirely persuaded of her truthfulness. She is one of those 
 singular, magnetic people to whom adventures gravitate. 
 She has the most remarkable experiences, being herself re- 
 markable. There are few things that would interest me 
 more than your reading one especially of these letters from 
 a place called , familiar I dare say to you, dar- 
 ling geographer, botanist, and generally well-informed 
 woman, but to me, like the rest of the places, utterly 
 unknown before. When she got there, the Resident was 
 absent, and for three days she had no other and wanted 
 no other companionship than that of apes 1 On the 
 February of last year she writes thence, " One might just 
 as well live in a menagerie. I wondered on arriving to 
 find three plates set for dinner, knowing that there was 
 no one here, and as soon as I sat down the magnificent 
 Sikh butler brought in one large ape, and the Malay ser- 
 vant brought in another small one, and a Spahi brought 
 in a great retriever and tied it to my chair, and the apes 
 had their chutney and pineapple and eggs and bananas 
 handed to them on Minton's china, and the small ape sat 
 on the table and constantly helped himself from my plate." 
 These apes must have been bewitching ! The next morn- 
 ing she " breakfasted with them " but these things will 
 one day be written in a book. Suffice it to say that she 
 is delightful enough to be quite worthy of this great social 
 privilege, as I consider it. Mima N., to whom I sent the 
 bare facts, pronounces the episode " heavenly " man's 
 inadequate sense of his loving duty to animals being her 
 great stumbling-block and burden. . . . The other won- 
 derful being who has been possessing me is one never 
 seen, " Sister Dora." Have you read that book ? It is 
 engrossing, as the presentation of a rare personality al- 
 ways is, and I think in proportion to one's own conscious 
 and constitutional lack of the gifts one worships. But 
 there must be people of all kinds, and there is a sweetness 
 
580 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 in a sense of inferiority -that intensifies reverence. In 
 that way one may " glory in one's infirmities." The 
 memoir of " So3ur Rosalie " inspires the same feelings, 
 and perhaps even more love. I see that the " Life of Mary 
 Aikenhead," another sister of that blessed order of St. 
 Vincent de Paul, is another book of the life-giving sort. 
 I shall miss many things when I leave Edinburgh, which 
 I do this day week. Dear Archie is so good in providing 
 me with books, so good in all ways, and Mary is so inva- 
 riably pleasant to me, and we are such " familiar friends." 
 
 To Mrs. Ruck. 
 
 EDINBURGH, Dec. 28, 1880. 
 
 I find it impossible to write without uttering the thoughts 
 that must occupy all minds ; without beginning with the 
 shock and sorrow that all share this sudden departure 
 of that great soul [George Eliot]. From Thursday even- 
 ing, when Archie brought in a little paper with the bare 
 fact, till now, it is the one recurring sense of strangeness 
 and sadness. I find myself inwardly repeating again 
 and again " And all that mighty heart is lying still ! " 
 . . . This death is a rising again in my heart of Mrs. 
 Lewes, and an immense regret since she was so happy 
 that she had to go away. 
 
 To Miss Violetta Smith. 
 
 [1880.] I wish I could send you a concise definition 
 of the difference between the Deism of the last century 
 and the Theism of the present. The words are the same 
 of course, but the Deist was less religious, had less sense 
 of union with God than the Theist has. He would have 
 admitted that " God created the heaven and the earth," 
 but the Theist at his best realizes with loving trust that 
 " He is not far from any one of us ; " that " in Him we live 
 and move and have our being." To the Deist God seemed 
 I think more of an abstraction ; to the Theist he is u all 
 
THIS FRIENDLY WORLD. 581 
 
 in all." Your uncle was a most devout Theist, and so are 
 all the writers of the " Scotch Sermons," though perhaps 
 they would take the name of Christians in preference. 
 And why not call themselves by the name of the Ideal they 
 worship, the Master whose cause, the cause of good, they 
 live to promote ? 
 
 [1880.] I am glad my Vi is full of interest in the 
 "Scotch Sermons." Principal Caird's are full of elevat- 
 ing power, and I long to re-read them. No doubt he is 
 right in saying that in proportion as we gain in virtue, 
 struggle ceases. We should think it a poor compliment 
 to an honourable man to suppose he told the truth by dint 
 of effort. It is the law of his nature, and he is in no 
 danger of thinking it a merit. The customary religious 
 teaching has rather a tendency to make the struggle ap- 
 pear a fine thing in itself. Certainly it is better than un- 
 conscious evil action ; it shows that the mind has waked 
 to the perception of two courses, and that the reason ap- 
 proves the better. I think Mr. Vaughan's definition, our 
 " natural will " and " God's will," would be more practi- 
 cally effective if it were called the " tendency to be selfish " 
 which lies at the root of our consciousness (necessarily), 
 and the higher nature that comes in and aims at consider- 
 ing, till at length it instinctively considers, others equally 
 and sometimes first. Without entering into the question 
 of Christ's divinity an unthinkable doctrine as Ortho- 
 doxy teaches it, no other can ever in this scientific age 
 so impress the religious imagination, nor have we any 
 record of such union with God as he was conscious of. 
 Generally, as we have seen it in later ages, this sense has 
 been united with some abnormal qualities, severing the 
 man from the sympathies of other men. We stand so far 
 from the exquisite Ideal that united the highest God-con- 
 sciousness with the " sweetest reasonableness " that details 
 are veiled ; butybr us that example and teaching remain 
 a permanent power and attraction ; for us there is no 
 other such name. 
 
582 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 ECHOES. 
 
 " Deep streams run still, and why ? Not because there are no obstruc- 
 tions, but because they altogether overflow those stones or rocks round 
 which the shallow stream has to make its noisy way ; 'tis the full life 
 that saves us from the little noisy troubles of life." W. S. 
 
 Deep the stream and silent 
 
 Scarce I hear its flow 
 What a noise its current 
 
 Made few days ago ! 
 
 Round the stones it fretted 
 
 On its shallow way 
 Babbling in vexation 
 
 Over each delay. 
 
 Came the heavy rainfall, 
 
 Swelled the river's might 
 
 Now its stony troubles 
 Are unheeded quite. 
 
 So, when our complaining 
 
 Tells of constant strife 
 With some moveless hindrance 
 
 In our path of life ; 
 
 What we need is only 
 
 Fulness of our own 
 If the current deepen, 
 
 Never mind the stone ! 
 
 Let the fuller nature 
 
 Flow its mass above, 
 Cover it with pity, 
 
 Cover it with love. 
 
CHAPTER XXXVI. 
 
 THE RELIGION OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THE wife has told us that when in early days she once 
 lamented the coldness of that view of religion which in 
 her friend's mind had superseded the supernatural faith, 
 he answered her, with a look " half pleading, half pa- 
 thetic," "Wait, wait till mothers have taught it to 
 their children ! " That view of his, that conception of 
 the universe which in our generation has so largely 
 ripened, she came to fully accept; it assimilated with 
 her deepest life ; it took on new emphases and nobler in- 
 terpretations from a woman's character under a woman's 
 typical experiences. And no one could better illustrate 
 than she does that in the best development there is no 
 hostility between the old faith and the new. The best of 
 the old is carried forward and assimilated with the new. 
 The transition may not always be free from shock and 
 temporary dislocation, but in the ultimate result the pres- 
 ent is the inheritor of the past. It will be noticed with 
 what fondness and fitness the wife often appropriates the 
 old familiar language of the Bible to the modern forms of 
 thought. She enjoyed this advantage over her husband, 
 that he had in early, unaided youth been thrown into in- 
 tellectual antagonism with the whole system of Chris- 
 tianity as it was then taught, whereas she was guided by a 
 hand so gentle that she exchanged the old for the new 
 thought at the cost of hardly more than an occasional 
 passing shiver. It was not that change which gave poign- 
 ancy to the questionings of her later years, it was the 
 confrontal with those tremendous realities of death and 
 
584 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 bereavement, whose advent presses home upon the soul 
 the problem of its destiny. Her character and her be- 
 liefs, as we see them at the last, suggest a glance at the 
 present tendencies of religion among the thoughtful peo- 
 ple of the English-speaking race. On the surface there 
 are stubborn contradictions. We must look below the 
 surface ; we must seek the significance of each movement, 
 not in the loudest voices, not in the votes of majorities, 
 but in its deep under-current. 
 
 Three words sum up the highest results of modern 
 thought. The word spoken by the church is Christ. The 
 word of science is Evolution. The word of humanity is 
 the Soul. 
 
 All the vitality in Christian theology has concentrated 
 itself in the idea of Christ. Christ, from an actor in a 
 mediatorial drama, has come to be regarded as a direct 
 manifestation of the Divine Nature in the form of perfect 
 humanity. Christ, as Incarnate Love, is viewed as the 
 revelation of God to men. This conception shifts into an- 
 other, that Christ is the ideal of humanity. Viewed as 
 a historic and purely human character, he exemplifies 
 that spirit of fidelity and love and trust and hope which 
 is the true law of human life. When accepted as such an 
 ideal, it matters little though the supernatural features of 
 the story fade away ; it matters little that the personality 
 of Jesus may have been enriched by the creative imagina- 
 tion of eighteen hundred years. The conception is reached 
 that the religious life is not dependent on any interpre- 
 tation of the New Testament story, but that the essence 
 of religion is aspiration and effort toward those traits of 
 character, that moral ideal, which is familiarly and vividly 
 associated with the name of Christ. And further, as any 
 noble and beloved human being impressively suggests 
 some divine source and original, so Christ, as the supreme 
 type of humanity, is felt to be the symbol and pledge of 
 God. Not in a dogmatic, but in a natural sense, the Son 
 
THE RELIGION OF TO-DAY. 585 
 
 reveals the Father : all highest humanity mirrors Deity. 
 This Christ-ideal involves a filial attitude toward God, an 
 expectant attitude toward a world beyond this. Are those 
 attitudes justified in the light of our present knowledge ? 
 
 The broadest result of man's study of the world and 
 its inhabitants is his discovery of an ordered and upward 
 growth through uncounted ages which we name Evo- 
 lution. That discovery, made within our own generation, 
 is working a revolution in thought and sentiment, of 
 which we cannot yet predict the limits. It has given the 
 central clue which guides a thousand special lines of in- 
 vestigation. It has touched the mind with a strange 
 blending of awe, hope, exultation, and depression. Fill- 
 ing the imagination with its stupendous drama of the past 
 and future of the world, it has often operated to becloud 
 if not to deny those hopes and fears of the individual 
 which are touched with the greatness of eternity. It 
 brings a new significance to man's individual character 
 and deeds as one element in a mighty whole, but it sug- 
 gests that the individual himself is transient. It dispels 
 the vagary of a chance world, not less than it displaces 
 the notion of a world regulated by occasional divine inter- 
 ference. It reveals universal Order but what of uni- 
 versal Goodness ? It sets man in a vast and endless 
 brotherhood but is it a brotherhood in which each 
 member is but a vanishing atom ? 
 
 From Evolution, the process, the inquiring mind re- 
 verts to the Soul, the result. It ponders afresh those 
 experiences of consciousness which have somehow been 
 generated in man as we see him the latest term in the 
 long series of progress. Evolution, studied as a history, 
 does not adequately explain Man as he is. We must 
 study the existing Man, and in the highest phases of his 
 being, if we would understand what the slow creative pro- 
 cess means. Darwin essays to explain the evolution of 
 the eye. But the fundamental fact is that man does see. 
 
586 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 He not only has visual sensation, but he receives through 
 it the invincible assurance of external reality. Trace 
 if you can, man of science, the growth of the seeing organ, 
 and the seeing faculty but, giving to that history its 
 whole significance, is the present fact that man sees. 
 
 And so, more fundamental than any exposition of the 
 process by which man came to be what he is, is the fact of 
 what he is. He is, in his highest aspect, a being who 
 thinks, acts, obeys, loves, trusts, hopes. It is in these 
 relations that we give to his nature its name of Soul. 
 
 By various attraction, which we call Love, man is 
 united to his fellow-beings. At first he is drawn to one 
 who gives him pleasure then he is won to reciprocate 
 that pleasure. And at last he reaches the height where 
 Jesus says, " Love them that hate you ! " His nature ex- 
 pands toward friend, neighbor, enemy even ; and at last 
 toward all his kind, in a sentiment whose new birth our 
 age hails under new titles, " the solidarity of the race," 
 " the enthusiasm of humanity." And together with this 
 broadening, the special tie of one individual soul to 
 another, the union of friend with friend, of husband with 
 wife, rises to greater intensity, takes on a profounder sig- 
 nificance, and kindles a light which no shadows of fear 
 and the unknown can subdue. 
 
 Man trusts some power above himself. That Trust is 
 deeper than any reasons he can give for it, and stronger 
 than any reasons which can be urged against it. His 
 trust when at its best is purely filial it is a blending of 
 obedience with confidence. It is this element of obedi- 
 ence, the actual submission of the will to the highest law 
 it can discern, which gives the inmost reality to trust, 
 and which can never be adequately expressed in intellect- 
 ual terms. Beauty and music cannot be fully conveyed 
 in words, can only be hinted at ; and so is it with the 
 " peace which passeth understanding," whose springs are 
 not in thought but in life. It is the saint's secret. And 
 
THE RELIGION OF TO-DAY. 587 
 
 while the forms of religious thought and speech may 
 change as does the fashion of garments, that joy and peace 
 which belong to the saintly character are as little likely 
 to be lost by the advancing race as poetry or music or eye- 
 sight. 
 
 Trust is purified by growing knowledge ; we no longer 
 look for pestilence to spare the good man ; and neither do 
 we limit our trust to the ultimate welfare of the good 
 man it embraces the bad man too, it includes the race. 
 And with it blend such instincts and emotions as we name 
 Aspiration, Adoration, Gratitude. These take on purer 
 and richer forms as humanity advances. The sense of a 
 sacramental significance in nature's beauty, the thrill of 
 reverential awe before sea and mountain and sunset, which 
 has found its fullest expression in this century of Words- 
 worth and Emerson, is as marvellous an acquisition of ad- 
 vancing man as is the development of one physical sense 
 after another. Here too we trace growth, from an early 
 stage ; we are children of the Hebrew whose psalm voiced 
 his gladness in the works of the Lord, and of the Greek 
 whose pulse quickened at the coming of " divine Dawn " 
 but we see and feel more than they did. 
 
 And Hope, too, like Love and Trust, survives all 
 changes, and from all fluctuations and ebbings emerges 
 purer and stronger. It ceases to lean on stories of the 
 resurrection of the body. It listens reverently for the 
 gravest, weightiest word that Knowledge can speak to 
 find at last neither clear affirmation nor denial. Beside 
 the grave, the last word of Knowledge is " a great Per- 
 haps." And still man hopes hopes for himself and for 
 his fellows some further, nobler existence, some survival 
 of what is dearest and most essential, under what condi- 
 tions he is content not to know. This reverent expect- 
 ance blends with the noblest qualities in him. It sustains 
 moral aspiration with the instinct that beyond all passing 
 defeats lies victory at last. It gives to love its full 
 
588 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 grandeur. It is one aspect of that reliance on a higher 
 power, of which the other aspect is reverent acquiescence 
 in an unknown but perfect Will : in one type of natures 
 the acquiescence predominates, and in another type the 
 personal hope is vivid. That Hope may be hushed amid 
 the din of contending thought ; it is almost lost in the 
 glare of noonday activities ; but in the supreme exigencies 
 of life, in the lonely hour of utmost need, or by the grave 
 of the beloved, Hope rises again and shines serene, sacred, 
 quenchless. 
 
 Christ the noblest ideal of manhood ; Evolution 
 the observed and actual course of mankind in its upward 
 emergence ; the Soul man in the attitude of obedience, 
 love, trust, and hope : these three witnesses are not dis- 
 cordant. 
 
 Here to come back to our personal story here in 
 this mixed and troublous present is one life, a woman's 
 life, lived out in full experience of joy and anguish, and 
 in full presence of all the thoughts and doubts of this 
 thinking and doubting age. Do we not see in her the 
 finest graces that flowered under the old faith? Charity 
 in act, thought, feeling ; humility, trust, hope, how all 
 these shine in her ! From her hope indeed there is absent 
 that absolute assurance which Christianity professes. 
 But the value and beauty of hope, as a trait of character, 
 in no wise depends on the certainty of its expectation. 
 Kather, in its essential nature hope differs from knowl- 
 edge ; its bloom, its tenderness, its trust, lie in the projec- 
 tion of its look into the realm of mystery where knowledge 
 cannot penetrate. " Hope that is seen^ says the apostle, 
 " is not hope, for what a man seeth why doth he yet hope 
 for ? " A future absolutely known would leave no room 
 for that noble faculty. " But if we hope for that we see 
 not, then do we with patience wait for it." Yes, with pa- 
 tience, that grandest patience which not only accepts post- 
 ponemeut in time, but submits tho final event itself to the 
 
THE RELIGION OF TO-DAY. 589 
 
 Perfect Will. And so this ardent yet unsure hope, this 
 great patience, have their roots in the profoundest trust. 
 It is a trust that can rest in the simplest of affirma- 
 tions. " If we knew all, we should be satisfied," that 
 thought occurs in Lucy Smith's letters ; it was a rock to 
 her feet when all else seemed to fluctuate. It is the same 
 thought which in " Thorndale " shines out at the last : " He 
 who has doubted here [as to the existence of God], and 
 then regained his faith, will feel so singular a gladness that 
 he will be thenceforth almost indifferent as to what else is 
 doubtful. . . . Light broke through ; the sun was again 
 in the heavens ; the whole world beamed forth with reason 
 and with love, and I found myself walking humbly and 
 confidently in the presence of God." 
 
 The old religion was very earnest in affirming " the ex- 
 ceeding sinfulness of sin." It painted man's guilt in hid- 
 eous colors, and measured its enormity by the award of an 
 everlasting torment. Modern thought attributes moral 
 evil very largely to causes beyond the individual's respon- 
 sibility. It minimizes the good or ill desert of man. 
 But it recognizes the miserable reality, the miserable con- 
 sequences, of a low moral state ; the beautiful reality, the 
 blessed consequences, of a high moral state. It addresses 
 to whatever utmost power of improvement lies in man the 
 motives not of a fictitious hell, but of facts which he dis- 
 cerns and feels. 
 
 The best fruit of the old idea of human sinfulness was 
 seen in that lovely humility which developed in the 
 saintly character. The value of humility is in the impulse 
 it gives to aspiration and effort. But this humility does 
 not disappear from the world when man ceases to believe 
 himself a hell-deserving creature, saved only by a divine 
 sacrifice. The truth which that dogma crudely embodied is 
 discerned in sober but not less effective form by the pure 
 and aspiring heart to-day. This trait of humility, was it 
 ever more sweetly shown than in the woman portrayed in 
 
590 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 these letters ? By her sensitiveness to goodness, by the 
 loftiness of her ideal, by the reverent upward look toward 
 all spiritual beauty and greatness, she is kept always hum- 
 ble, is drawn always toward nobler heights. 
 
 The withdrawal from the moral judgment of the ele- 
 ment of unqualified reprobation permits an interpretation 
 of human lives which wonderfully expands the sympa- 
 thies. Nothing is more marked in the development of 
 Lucy Smith's later years than the charity of judgment 
 a charity born as much of true discernment as of generous 
 feeling. It links her closely with all mankind. In almost 
 every one she finds some trait of nobility, or if she finds 
 none, the perception or the presumption of the causes that 
 have thwarted growth waken in her a pity that is in itself 
 a tie. 
 
 Man can propound to himself no more interesting 
 question than that of a hereafter. And yet, there is 
 something more essential than a confident affirmation upon 
 that question. To know is less than to be. This yearning 
 woman does not find certainty, but, we reverently say, 
 something better is wrought in her. For her all turns to 
 blessing. Even that uncertainty as to the future which 
 sometimes oppresses her in the bearing of it she grows 
 more patient ; the denied desire turns to strength. Her 
 affection for her husband loses nothing of its intensity, 
 but by some divine chemistry, while keeping all its per- 
 sonal quality, it becomes moral aspiration and tender sym- 
 pathy. More and more she learns the lesson expressed in 
 her husband's earliest writings to live in the present. 
 God has placed her here, whatever unspeakable bliss 
 the future may bring, her part is to fill full the present ; 
 and she so fills it that to each friend she is the most 
 satisfying of human beings. No sorrow in the past, no 
 beckoning hope in the future, can diminish or pale that 
 full life she throws into the needs, joys, sorrows, of all 
 about her. 
 
THE RELIGION OF TO-DAY. 591 
 
 If before the beauty of earth one stands awed, and wor- 
 shipping the Creative Power, how much more before a 
 soul like this ! That husbandry by which the plant was 
 tended, that joy which shone upon it, that anguish which 
 watered it how divine is this ordering care ! 
 
 " The Lord is my shepherd ; I shall not want. He 
 maketh me to lie down in green pastures ; he leadeth me 
 beside the still waters. He restoreth my soul ; he leadeth 
 me in the paths of righteousness for his name's sake. 
 Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of 
 death, I will fear no evil, for thou art with me ; thy rod 
 and thy staff they comfort me." 
 
 Her last verses are dated "St. Mary's, Edinburgh, 
 Christinas Day, 1880." It is the Roman Catholic chapel, 
 where the candles are lighted one by one as the service 
 proceeds. 
 
 DIVERSELY IN MANY WAYS." 
 
 Light the candles one by one, 
 God's great work is but begun ; 
 Some were lighted long ago, 
 Caught at once the sacred glow ; 
 Others still unlighted stand, 
 Out of reach of mortal hand ; 
 Faculties undreamt of still, 
 Vaster knowledge, purer will. 
 These our faith may surely deem 
 Meant to catch the heavenly beam ; 
 When these kindle on their height, 
 Wide indeed the spread of light ! 
 In the glory then displayed 
 Lights now prized may seem to fade ; 
 Let not this our hearts dismay, 
 One the source and one the ray. 
 " Diverse," but in place and name, 
 One the purpose of each flame ; 
 Light the candles, one by one, 
 God shall end what God begun. 
 
CHAPTER XXXVIII. 
 
 SUNSET LIGHTS. 
 
 " SHE was in the fulness of her beauty and wisdom," 
 writes Mrs. Ruck ; " never was she tenderer or wiser 
 than in the last year of her sweet life. There was such a 
 wonderful strain of rejoicing in these last days that even 
 the undercurrent of sadness seemed lost. It was an ex- 
 quisite acquiescence in all around her. She was like an 
 instrument perfectly in tune with nature and the circum- 
 stances which surrounded her." 
 
 
 
 To Mrs. A. Constable. 
 
 BRIGHTON, March 4, 1881. 
 
 ... After our early dinner, dear R. and I went to the 
 dancing school, to me a quite exhilarating sight. I don't 
 know why I, who am passing out of life, and have no 
 grandchildren, should look with such tenderness at the 
 little lads and lassies at their steps, with their honest en- 
 deavours to point their toes, and eyes fixed on the wonder- 
 fully lively and springy mistress. Then I turned in to 
 
 Miss R , the marvellous old lady of eighty-six, whose 
 
 activity, and rapidity of mind, and fluency are all re- 
 markable, though sometimes, like her juniors, she mis- 
 takes or miscalls a name. Very admirable in conduct, I 
 am sure, unworldly, generous, tolerant, she is the most 
 thorough sceptic I have ever met ; calls everything in 
 question, and is a pessimist as to the prospect of humanity, 
 though herself so brave and cheerful, and an element of 
 happiness to others. 
 
SUNSET LIGHTS. 593 
 
 LONDON, March 18, 1881. 
 
 . . . When you come to London you will go and see 
 the Millais Exhibition, and oh, you will not fail to doat 
 on the bull terrier who is consoling the child. Perhaps 
 you have seen it. The tender roll of the dear creature's 
 projecting and plain eyes seems to me the most marvel- 
 lous achievement of this wonderful painter, who paints 
 eyes I think as no other does. At the Miss R.'s we saw 
 such work, my Mary, as I do not expect to see at the 
 School of Art. The cleverness of people amazes me more 
 and more. . . . Sunday will be a busy day. I lure Sophy 
 to the Greek Church, where there is to be a solemn re- 
 quiem for the poor Czar. In the afternoon Westminster 
 Abbey, and tea with Ethel, and probably I shall go to the 
 Carmelites in the evening. Monday dear General Cotton 
 takes me to see the Deaf Mutes in the morning, and in 
 the afternoon I hope to reach Blackheath with dear Mrs. 
 Sowton. And the other days are all full. Indeed I 
 should enjoy going about with you, my pretty one ! I 
 often wonder how it is there is this life and vivid interest 
 in me. " God hath made me so," nor would my only 
 loved, in the deep centre of my personality, blame me, I 
 know. 
 
 GARTHEWIN, April 2, 1881. 
 
 . . . This morning I have been reading the " Times " 
 aloud to S. while she knitted, and she said she much 
 liked being read to. To myself I read a letter of Lord 
 Pembroke, which seemed to me that of a very superior, 
 thoughtful man, having the historical sense. He is ad- 
 verse to what he expects the coming Land Bill to be, and 
 indeed, I dare say it will be a mere treating of symptoms, 
 palliations instead of attempts at a radical cure. But 
 when a country is managed by Government and Opposi- 
 tion, how ensure time for the slower process? Politics 
 and doctoring are alike empirical. But the larger wisdom 
 that belongs to a few will spread, and meanwhile there 
 
594 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 must be dissatisfaction, or there would be no ideal and 
 life would stagnate altogether. But these fundamen- 
 tal truths are mere offence to nine out of ten, who talk 
 their newspapers the best they can, and enjoy the excite- 
 ment of a vague belief in everything going to the dogs ; 
 much as rustics like a funeral, or strongly denounced dam- 
 nation ! 
 
 GAKTHEWLN, April 20, 1881. 
 
 What a glorious day it is, though the north wind is 
 high and keen. Just the day that my angel loved, and 
 he has been with me every step of the way. Oh, the 
 agony of love and hope ! How blessed life and death 
 seemed ! The view from what is known as Mary's Ter- 
 race was quite perfect, but I went high, and sat sheltered 
 by a gorse bush, and saw Snowdon emerge from cloudi- 
 ness into sharp outline. The colour, the light, the joy of 
 the rooks, the shining hollies, the silver-sheathed buds of 
 the sycamores, the thankfulness for what has been ! 
 Snap follows so closely and even deigns to sit, while I 
 read, and live in memory. Nature is to me an ecstasy on 
 days like this. 
 
 To Miss Violetta Smith. 
 
 There never was a lovelier spring day than yesterday, 
 and I had a longing for a mountain walk, so S. and I 
 set off for the top of a nice manageable hill of about 
 1000 feet, from which there is a glorious view of the whole 
 Snowdon range and also of the sea. We passed a cottage 
 high on the hill, and the poor woman came out, and 
 though she did not speak English nor I Welsh, I made 
 out that she had a sick son. Alas, dying of consumption, 
 wasting away it was most pathetic. There was no pov- 
 erty, but of course the little delicacies one would like for 
 all sick people could not be procured. Brownlow said at 
 once when he heard of the youth that he would send, and 
 so he has this evening ; but I could not resist going again 
 
SUNSET LIGHTS. 595 
 
 myself this afternoon, and it was worth a longer climb to 
 see the poor dying youth smile over the sweet tea roses, 
 and say that what I put into his mouth was nice. Oh, 
 my Vi, how thankful the heart is for any power of render- 
 ing the smallest service ! 
 
 Their talk was too much of the dark side of village 
 life to help on my spirits. Oh, more and more I feel that 
 we only " live by admiration, hope, and love." The dark 
 side is there, like the daily processes of physical deteriora- 
 tion and dying of the effete and used-up, which form part 
 of our hourly experience of these bodies of ours; but 
 they are not to be dwelt upon, it is not they which make 
 up the outward and visible personality, but rather the 
 light in the eye, the tenderness in the smile. I am not 
 blaming these dear ones, who are better than I, and more 
 energetic in their efforts to do good, but explaining 
 how it is that the evening rather lowered my vitality. 
 
 To Mrs. Lorimer. 
 
 GABTHEWIN, April 26, 1881. 
 
 To think that during the last two months we have never 
 exchanged one word ! Oh, I hope and trust that on this 
 glorious day you are quite happy about Mr. Lorimer, that 
 he has quite shaken off the attack I was sorry to hear of 
 two days ago. This is one of those days when joy seems 
 the law of this life. Does sunshine thus exhilarate those 
 accustomed to it ? To me this is a day that brings back 
 all the blessedness of that past, " more actual than any 
 present," in which alone I can be said to live. And I 
 am so unspeakably relieved by Archie's letter of this 
 morning about his precious father. ... I wish you had 
 been with me just now, sitting on dryest, softest moss, 
 and tolerably sheltered by a furze bush, looking over 
 treetops, silver-budded sycamores, shining hollies, red- 
 branched birches, across a soft landscape of undulating 
 
596 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 and wooded ground, over which clouds were sweeping 
 their blue shadows to the glorious Snowdon range. Oh, 
 such a sky ! Such cohorts of snowy clouds marching out 
 of the northwest ! I did not get high enough to see the 
 sea. But this is a most sweet country, preferable to dear 
 Patterdale because here one can walk for hours where 
 tourist never was seen. Now that you have that perfect 
 country home, I feel I shall never have a chance of you 
 for one of these quiet walks, with more in the point of 
 companionship than months of such meetings as towns al- 
 low. I might as well wish for any other unattainability. 
 But I do not leave off feeling how delightful it would be 
 to have your dear society in some solitude, for the little, 
 little space of time you with all your tendrils could endure 
 it. ... My brother has been delightfully energetic and 
 well these last days. Tenants, well-wishers, and neigh- 
 bours have got up a " Testimonial to his public and pri- 
 vate worth and usefulness." The subscription has reached 
 400 ; but while some insist on a portrait and engraving 
 from it, others wish the sum devoted to a more practical 
 and permanent purpose. So there must be a compromise. 
 His are very variable looks a plain face into which al- 
 most beauty comes every now and then. Perhaps we all 
 think this of the faces we know best, and perhaps it is so, 
 the divine showing through at times. 
 
 To President Porter. 
 
 PATTERDALE, May 8, 1881. 
 
 I have much to thank you for, dear Dr. Porter your 
 photograph but it does not replace the smaller one I 
 unaccountably lost. I am sure it does you less justice, 
 and that Mrs. Porter is not satisfied. Understand that I 
 am very glad to have it, but instinctively know it to be 
 less successful, less characteristic, than the one I regret. 
 Then it is to you that I gratefully owe the friendship of 
 Mr. . I can use no slighter word in the case of one 
 
SUNSET LIGHTS. 597 
 
 who has sent me such letters as he has done. The first 
 reached me during the last days of March last days of 
 our life, which closed nine years ago. How long, how 
 short those years ! I know not which to call them. If 
 reunion came, they would seem but a moment, the twink- 
 ling of an eye. And I thankfully acknowledge that they 
 have been fraught with much quiet interest and even 
 sweetness, and that he who was the best and highest / 
 have known has in some deep unutterable sense been with 
 me through them all. On this exquisite spring morning 
 I have been reading over George Eliot's letters to me. 
 Each a gem so tender, so finished in the lovely hand- 
 writing of one incapable of slurring over or doing the 
 slightest thing otherwise than perfectly. That acquaint- 
 anceship (but she gave it a warmer name), like all else in 
 my life of highest interest, came to me from my husband. 
 I think some day I must write down what I remember of 
 our three or four meetings, they are so vividly remem- 
 bered. I was much interested in the paper you wrote, 
 and in that glimpse of her, silent and tearful. There was 
 another article written by a woman, full of generous en- 
 thusiasm, and showing perhaps somewhat closer agree- 
 ment with George Eliot's views. Sad views, yet how 
 much grander than the hideous theological conceptions in 
 which (oh, anomaly !) I was sedulously trained by the 
 sweetest mother by one whose gentle spirit would have 
 harmed no living creature, would have helped and deliv- 
 ered and forgiven and loved to the utmost views my 
 
 next of kin still hold. With Mr. 's articles I feel 
 
 in closest agreement, and it is by that rule I desire to 
 live ever more and more closely. That is essential 
 Christianity but though this one name must be to us, 
 from hereditary influence and early association, above 
 every name, yet the law of love was owned and pro- 
 mulgated in sundry times and various ways, and I can- 
 not limit the divine working to any one mode. Happy 
 
598 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 some of us who have had the noblest and best to live with 
 familiarly, to love with all our souls in this life's sweetest 
 fondness, and then to worship as an ideal, and seek to fol- 
 low after. There comes this rising again to our beloved 
 dead. Dear Dr. Porter, can you bear with so much heresy? 
 Believe that I try I am not one of heroic type, and 
 capable of much, but I do try to expel from my spirit 
 all elements that are unworthy of this life at its highest, 
 how then of life continued on a nobler plane ! and to 
 cherish and foster the love that " seeketh not its own," 
 and is conceivable as " abiding." 
 
 I suppose you have been saddened by the indiscretion 
 that has made it so easy for us all to cavil at and seek to 
 degrade our great Carlyle. His will and his niece's letter 
 amply justify him from the desire to make public what in 
 his great loneliness and darkness he perhaps unwittingly 
 wrote. Oh, I trust Froude's lamentable error may be 
 forgotten, after the critics have done their worst, and that 
 the indulgence that Carlyle's constitutional sufferings 
 seem always to have demanded may be found compatible 
 with the old reverence his gifts and his great unworldly 
 career surely deserved. Two months ago I stood before 
 his house so dingy, so neglected-looking. He who had 
 lost his " light of life " never can have cared to brighten 
 up his dwelling since. I stood too before George Eliot's 
 recent home so fresh, ornate, cheerful outwardly I 
 felt it the sadder of the two. 
 
 A.nd now I have returned to sweet Patterdale. It has 
 now its Reading-room and its Lending Library. 1 There 
 is little intellectual stir here, and the public-houses are too 
 much frequented. But I like to feel that these small ad- 
 vantages are the consequence of my husband's having 
 loved these hills and trees three-and-twenty years ago. 
 
 The two following letters were written to one who says : 
 1 Both established by her. 
 
SUNSET LIGHTS. 599 
 
 u I owe my acquaintance with Mrs. Smith to a common 
 friend who sent to her a newspaper containing an article 
 of mine on George Eliot, written at the time of her death ; 
 and an allusion on her part to this article led him to show 
 her letter to me. I had never heard of her before, and 
 scarcely known of her husband. But the tone in which she 
 alluded to him who had been outwardly parted from her 
 for many years moved me greatly. Under that impulse 
 I wrote to her with a freedom such as one would ordina- 
 rily use only to an intimate friend. I think this power to 
 instantly unlock the heart was characteristic of her. She 
 was like pure spirit, all barrier, all disguise, seemed to 
 fall away in listening to her. I shall never forget how 
 her answer stirred my heart. We corresponded for one 
 short year some four letters on each side and then, 
 from relatives who seemed to share something of her own 
 lovely kindness, came the news of her death and I felt 
 that one of my most treasured friends was gone." 
 
 April 9, 1881. 
 
 DEAR SIR : Your letter reached me this day fortnight, 
 forwarded from Edinburgh to Brighton, whither I had 
 gone to spend the last days of March. The twenty-eighth 
 was the anniversary of the parting, and when I tell you 
 that on that day I took your letter to re-read beside our 
 grave, you will know, more fully than I can tell you in 
 any other way, what that letter was to me. I thanked 
 God for it, for as you truly say, all our best things 
 come to us as gifts, with a singular suddenness and unex- 
 pectedness, and yet some sense of familiarity too, as 
 though they had belonged to us while we knew it not. 
 Your experience is very sacred to me, and very sustain- 
 ing. Such love is not of the dead but of the living. It is 
 a blessed experience, and to know of it will I think help 
 me always. I dare not say I fully share it. I suffered so 
 unspeakably, the agony of loss seemed to kill the power of 
 
600 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 any hoping. Yet that hope was all I had, and I clung to 
 it desperately as to some priceless treasure that had life in 
 it and might strengthen and grow. And at the worst it 
 was more the hope of eternal present life for the loved 
 one more his joy, his being (which even here included 
 joy) that I craved yes, even more than our reunion ! 
 
 I thank you very reverently for telling me of your per- 
 fect union. I know all it means incommunicable in its 
 sweetness, but recognized as absolute by such souls as 
 have once known. I have now been alone nine years. An 
 old constitutional cheerfulness has revived, but personal 
 joy went with the one. Yet such love as lives and grows 
 and absorbs all one's nature into itself has a joy. It is 
 one's personality, and brings with it a deep contentment. 
 The Creator could not have done more for his creature than 
 he has done for it, Now remains memory, and quiet and 
 patient waiting. 
 
 I have read all your papers with intimate agreement. 
 ... It is of the letter on Eternal Life I think especially 
 when I speak of an intimate and intense agreement. 
 Your teaching is that of my husband, who, at the age of 
 twenty, wrote in " The Athenaeum " of the main point for 
 us being to "live like immortals here." (I think it is only 
 such as do this who inspire immortal love.) I should 
 much like to have all those papers of yours. You have 
 kindly sent me two. They will be republished, I cannot 
 doubt, and I should value them in a more durable form, 
 for the light they shed is one that one wants to diffuse. 
 So many torches loudly proffered have more smoke than 
 light, and the light is only glare. 
 
 I am venturing to send you by post a book of my hus- 
 band's. " Thorndale " is better known, but to " Graven- 
 hurst" there is prefixed a brief and very inadequate 
 sketch of the author. But I want you to know even thus 
 much of him. You have described his quiet life, " creat- 
 ing about it an atmosphere of trust and peace." His 
 
SUNSET LIGHTS. 601 
 
 own works reveal him best. But the little memoir may 
 serve like a poor photograph, to give an idea of the man 
 light, color, all wanting still, one says of a photo- 
 graph " better than nothing, and, as far as it goes, true." 
 That he is still guidance, strength, motive, I need not say 
 to you. When I am saddest and worst, it is that he seems 
 so far and hopelessly out of reach. When life has its 
 divine meaning, even for one so obscure as I, he draws 
 near. I often borrow St. Paul's words; "Not I he 
 lives in me." And those lines of Tennyson, once heard 
 from the one voice, are said broken and tearfully ever 
 since that voice was hushed in many and many a lovely 
 place, beneath cloudy or quiet blue skies : 
 
 " Though blent with God and Nature thou, 
 I seem to love thee more and more" 
 
 I have written out a sonnet of Emily Pfeiffer, because 
 it says what your letter says. Those who have loved en- 
 tirely do seem to have the witness in themselves, in. some 
 invincible sense. Do you know her poems ? I ask as 
 though it were likely you would make time to write to me 
 again. Perhaps you may and therefore I subjoin my 
 most permanent address, though I am not there now 
 Grisedale Bridge, Patterdale, Penrith, Cumberland. I 
 like to think that you will know what that address means 
 for me. 
 
 MRS. PFEIFFER'S SONNET. 
 
 O Love, on thee a burden has been laid, 
 Now in these later days of doubt and dread. 
 Be pure, that thou be strong, and unafraid 
 To meet the hosts with which thou art bestead. 
 Thou only champion of the soul blasphemed 
 By arrogant young Science show thine eyes 
 Immortal, and thy pledges unredeemed, 
 Then challenge them to shut thee from the skies I 
 O Love, with thee we fall, by thee we rise ! 
 Be pure, that thou be strong, in Death's despite, 
 
602 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 Then creeds may wax and wane 'mid tears and sighs. 
 But never shall the world be lost in night : 
 Thine is the one evangel, through all forms 
 Of change surviving, riding out all storms. 
 
 PATTERDALE, May 22, 1881. 
 
 Your letter reached me nearly three weeks ago. The 
 impulse was to answer it at once. I hardly know why, 
 but one gets the habit I think of refusing one's self such 
 indulgences. Then came gloomy days of our habitual 
 rain. I waited to writj to you in the sunshine, as I do 
 this morning, when the inmates are at church, and the 
 cottage is quite still. And through the open window the 
 birds sing of present joy, and the brook ripples of some- 
 thing more permanent has past and future in it. You 
 know now (I am so glad you do !) why Patterdale is dear 
 to me. That day you waited in the little town of Pen- 
 rith, you were but fifteen miles off. 
 
 That my letter should have proved solacing to you is 
 one of those blessed facts one can never understand, ex- 
 cept through a glow of thankfulness. Yours has been 
 read and re-read with an ever deepening emotion. I am 
 so glad to know the name by which your angel was 
 called. Never, never have I read so exquisite a last utter- 
 ance as that of hers. Well may it be your gospel ever 
 since ! Her love had become divine even here self so 
 utterly forgotten, she could spare you to others. To 
 feebler and poorer natures it is such an agony to give up 
 the exclusive hold on the heart if not the hand. But 
 her deep sense of the oneness that was indissoluble en- 
 abled her to do this so sublimely, that I think all who ever 
 heard those words of hers must by the glow of admiration 
 they cause be quickened into some wish of following afar 
 off. 
 
 I do not wonder that you have had a period of renewed 
 suffering. I think the absolute Love exacts, at one time 
 or other, suffering only less than itself, but incommuni- 
 
SUNSET LIGHTS. 603 
 
 cable in intensity. I do not believe that while we remain 
 here we ever cease to be liable to moods of such desola- 
 tion as are only conceivable to those who have had perfect 
 fulfilment of all their being's wants. But the woman has 
 not, as you truly say, the outward excitements. Be sure 
 your darling has been saved from very terrible pain ; 
 Perhaps that helps best of all that bearing instead. 
 My husband once said to me : " What should I do with- 
 out you ? I could not live, cut in half." Well I have 
 borne it in his place. One or other must. If there be an 
 ordering Love working through and in all, it must work 
 in individual cases, and I trust that these sunderiugs of 
 soul and spirit are merciful in their selection. But though 
 I admit, thankfully, even joyfully, that we do rise again 
 some third day (of varying length) I am not sure that 
 looking back on my own case, or the case of other mourn- 
 ers, I always desire the " recovery swifter." [Some such 
 phrase as this her correspondent had used, in wishing that 
 in Tennyson's " In Memoriam " the clouds of grief gave 
 way sooner.] After all, sorrow is a form of love, and in 
 a world where those out of sight are so quickly out of 
 mind, one blesses those who prove that they have the 
 power of sorrowing. In 1876, when I had been alone 
 only four years, that sweet woman Mrs. , after leav- 
 ing me wrote me a sweet, sweet letter, but it only pained. 
 She wanted me to do indeed I scarce know what but 
 she wanted " the recovery swifter." Taught by that pang 
 that came from a well-meant attempt to quicken the re- 
 turn to life (always painful, even after the body's swoon), 
 I think I should not fear for any one what has been called 
 " selfishness of grief." If they have loved a noble soul 
 (and only such are loved in your and my sense of the 
 word), that influence will surely raise them into sympathy 
 in time. It will be sooner in some cases than others, but 
 it will be for love is life, and bereaved ones have no 
 personal life any more nothing to wish for themselves 
 
604 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 they cannot choose but turn to the lives of others. It 
 is one of the most benignant laws of this world of ours. 
 But the sorrow should have its perfect work. And I can- 
 not grudge the darkened years in Tennyson's or any 
 other's life. Nor do you only you are stronger and 
 hold forth the noble rule, while I plead for the pathetic 
 exception, which has its teaching too. But to show how 
 much in unison with yours my husband's guidance is, I 
 enclose lines that welled out of my early days of anguish, 
 as the date shows. [" My sorrow is my throne."] 
 
 You and I shall never meet on earth, and hence we can 
 be more open to each other than it is often possible to be, 
 face to face. If there ever comes to you an impulse to 
 tell me more of that sweetest one, and the inexhaustible 
 treasures of such years both the waiting and the pos- 
 sessing do not check the impulse ! I shall understand, 
 for I loved and love. 
 
 It thrills me to hear you say that you feel my husband 
 live in those poor pages. When you wrote, I do not think 
 you had read of the parting. Perhaps you will say I 
 dwelt on that too long. I could not abridge or alter. 
 And life and death were one the long twilight of the 
 sweet day had such exquisite lights and shades the 
 playfulness to the last ! 
 
 ... If we have not a thunder storm this afternoon, I 
 shall walk with the book you sent me to the cottage of ' a 
 blind man, and try to read out the last chapter, and one 
 that addresses the young the cottage is full of children. 
 I say try, because my experience of the uneducated 
 classes is that the real pleasure they derive is in talking 
 themselves. I often wonder how people get the Bible, 
 or anything else, read ! Fortunately I don't esteem it so 
 vital a matter as most of those who go to see I don't 
 like to say " the poor," 't is so vague a term, but you know 
 what I mean. But I should enjoy reading this book, if 
 my blind man permits. I am here for the summer not 
 
SUNSET LIGHTS. 605 
 
 alone, for the niece whom we loved (the little girl who 
 played her scales at Keswick I speak you see as though 
 you knew all about us !), and who has been from childhood 
 my familiar friend, is with me. Her equally dear hus- 
 band is watching beside the sick I fear the dying bed 
 of one my husband never spoke of save as " dear Con- 
 stable" -one of those men who leave numbers poorer, 
 chillier, less protected. 
 
 How much I could say but you are too much occu- 
 pied for such careless talk. That oneness of humanity 
 how it fills my mind too and henceforth I shall find I 
 hope more practical lessons in the great truth. I have 
 known Emerson from my quite young days. The " Thren- 
 ody " has been often read. But we cling to the concep- 
 tion of personality, though even now and here it is hard 
 to define inconceivable hereafter, except as expanded 
 beyond the limits of present thought. Still, I cannot sur- 
 render it yet, as Emerson does. 
 
 [On the back of the verses.] One o'clock in the night. 
 I have been looking at the stars. An owl is hooting in 
 its pleasant fashion, as owls hooted around Newton Place. 
 You will not I hope suppose I send you these lines out of 
 any mistaken idea that they are worth it, except as illus- 
 trating the influence the thought of my husband has over 
 me. But now I shall appropriate those comforting words, 
 and more consciously seek to render little services " to 
 him." It is very dear to my heart to feel that you now 
 know him a little. Yet his books reveal him more than a 
 little. I never knew a man more of a piece. And this 
 from early, earliest days. At the age of twenty he wrote 
 some papers in the " Athenaeum," in which I find the key- 
 note of " Thorndale," " Gravenhurst," and his daily life. 
 He would say this was an egotistic addition of mine. I 
 shall indeed welcome your promised book. I did read 
 the chapters to my blind man, who listened eagerly. 
 
606 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 To Mrs. Cotton. 
 
 PATTERDALE, Spring of 1881. 
 
 . . . Oh, what a new lesson of caution Fronde has 
 taught to all who need ! To give pain with words of the 
 dead seems to me the unpardonable sin, for they are pow- 
 erless to explain, to smile away the impression. I feel the 
 exposure of Carlyle's fractious moods most pathetic, and 
 love Mr. Spedding for his tender perception that the 
 greatly gifted, greatly suffering man " always needed the 
 indulgence we all of us need in a violent attack of tooth- 
 ache." Professor TyndalPs letter was I thought very 
 beautiful. But I do not think you ever cared much for 
 Carlyle, so I need not prose on about him. When I was 
 twenty, Mr. Warburton lent me his " Miscellaneous Es- 
 says," and he has been one of the teachers of my irregular 
 and indolent mind ever since. My husband, however, 
 though an earnest admirer of much, was never a worship- 
 per of the whole man, and the other evening I was read- 
 ing out to Mary an essay of his on the Cromwell, which I 
 think a triumph of wise, all-round-seeing, and impartial 
 criticism. I wish you had read it to us for that is I 
 think the form in which you best like books, and I have a 
 delightful piece of work going on, and should much enjoy 
 listening. My piece of work is just this : a piece of blue 
 satin cretonne price, one shilling three years ago. It 
 had got dirty, and when Mary washed it for me, out came 
 all the blue in deep chocolate brown guise ! Great are 
 the mysteries of dyeing, but this was amazing. However, 
 a cream-colored back-ground remained, with the pattern 
 distinct, and over this I am working in filoselle, with I 
 think a most antique and a3sthetic result. I expect some 
 one to say of my banner screen, " Where did you get that 
 old bit of embroidery?" . . . Oh, my Mary, how exquis- 
 ite my walk last evening to Glen Coyne ! I had been 
 there on Monday, having heard from Mr. Pattison of a 
 
SUNSET LIGHTS. 607 
 
 dread case of suffering ; and the change the two days had 
 made was magical. The birches are all out, but the 
 leaves so small and tremulous; the beech branches are 
 rich brown with bursting buds ; the hills were deep blue, 
 the lake glass. I never felt the beauty more, and as he 
 once wrote to and of me he " was with me every step 
 of the way." " Love never dieth " we learn this as a 
 promise ; we get, after such suffering as involves as it 
 were a new birth and other faculties, to know it as ex- 
 perience. I have had another and longer letter from Mr. 
 
 . Since then he has sent me an excellent little book. 
 
 But on these points you and I, my darling, have at least 
 a difference of expression. With this stranger, whom I 
 shall never see, whom I do not even wish to see, I feel in 
 as complete unison as is possible in harmony. How dull 
 a world it would be but for our differences, and how un- 
 wise even to wish the rich variety lessened. But the thrill 
 of agreement when it does come is sweet as the closing 
 chord of some tumultuous overture. 
 
 To Mrs. A. Constable. 
 
 PATTERDALE, June 8, 1881. 
 ... I must just tell you of my call upon the good 
 
 N 's. She was the only one at home, and her simple 
 
 heart was opened about her happiness and her character. 
 I was telling her I had had my husband's nephew with 
 me, and how fond I was of him. " Well, I 'm that way. 
 When Robert's brother comes home, I do not know how to 
 do enough for him, I do not really. Robert has an honest 
 heart, and I 've an honest heart, d' you see I'm not bad, 
 but I 'm sometimes not so easy to do with I 'm fidgy 
 that 's a failing, you know." I said I was sure her husband 
 was good-tempered. " And so he is, and we settled it be- 
 fore we married that we were never to be cross at once 
 that would never do." Many inquiries for you and Archie. 
 It was a relief to the kind soul to know I had been on 
 
608 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 Place Fell on Sunday. She had heard my voice, and yet 
 could not see me. She had not liked to mention it, as 
 " people did say hearing people's voices when they were 
 not within hearing was not a good sign ! " You see she 
 is still in that condition where there is no recognition of 
 law laws of acoustics or any other, therefore no such 
 idea as infraction of law. What is called a miracle 
 would not perplex her, would hardly require so much tes- 
 timony as an every-day incident. It would interest more, 
 and be more readily received. However she was really 
 glad that it was my own actual and every-day voice. 
 
 And you should have seen D run to shake hands 
 
 with me. Such a greeting I do not often get. I am sure 
 D believes me an affectionate friend. And the rap- 
 ture of M the precocious at having his young uncle 
 
 back, and the complacency of the father ! Altogether, I 
 went out feeling arid, went with an effort because disin- 
 clined, and returned feeling " kindly with my kind." 
 
 PATTEBDALE, June 10, 1881. 
 
 [She writes of a visit from Mrs. Ruck, whose daughter 
 had married Mr. Frank Darwin, a son of Charles Darwin, 
 and died at the birth of a child, Bernard, who was now at 
 Patterdale with the Darwin grandparents.] 
 
 I found it a little difficult to keep my attention close to 
 
 's narrative of the unreasonableness of the servants, 
 
 etc., but she spared me no detail, and only left when the 
 wheels were heard. And then there was that grand, 
 beaming noble face, and the clasp of those dear arms ! 
 As usual, her journey had been full of interest. She had 
 stopped for tea at Troutbeck, and driven on with a cham- 
 pion wrestler, Hutton Warwick by name, who told her of 
 all his prizes and conflicts, and for a wonder asked her 
 many questions about the family. She was full of his 
 pleasant ways, and indeed I never saw a more good-na- 
 tured face the good humour of strength. Just as 1 was 
 
SUNSET LIGHTS. 609 
 
 unpacking her hamper, in came Mr. Horace D , who 
 
 is quite a son to her a charming young man, with that 
 voice of finished culture, that ease and naturalness, -which 
 come of much best society. . . . Oh, I trust, I tremblingly 
 think, I am getting less " exclusive," want less for myself. 
 If life does not teach this, it has taught nothing worth, 
 nothing immortal. ... I have been all the morning talk- 
 ing and rearranging flowers. Mr. Darwin has just been 
 here. He is delightful, and I have begged him to give 
 Crosthwaite an order for mats. I do exceedingly admire 
 Mr. Darwin, and could ask nothing pleasanter than to 
 hear him talk. I do not much wonder at the worship of 
 intellect, for it means generally goodness. Yesterday, 
 Bernard and Miss Darwin lunched here, and M. A. had 
 gone off for him to-day, but instead of bringing him back 
 appeared with the illustrious grandfather. How at home 
 and easy one is with men and women who are so im- 
 mensely above one. One has the ease of the lower ani- 
 mals. 
 
 The summer's letters are full of tender allusions to the 
 death, in the month of May, of Thomas Constable, loved 
 and honored through so many years. 
 
 PATTERDALE, Aug. 18, 1881. 
 
 Oh, my Archie, thatjfozs^, aad then the terrible reality ! 
 I feel it all ; and feel how you must sometimes need time 
 to stand still, and all else to keep silence, so that for a 
 while you might have the one thought, unbroken by any 
 other. Even I have that wish. I want just to talk and 
 think of the beloved friend with some of you, were it but 
 for an hour to think of nothing else. His dear face 
 looks on me daily by the side of my One. Your dear 
 mother, how often I think of her, and how sorry I am to 
 be so out of reach that I cannot see letters and the like. 
 I have never seen those of the young and far-away sons, 
 
610 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 on whom the great and peculiar bereavement for he 
 was the very personification of all-embracing and all-for- 
 giving tenderness of love must have fallen so sud- 
 denly. . . . 
 
 And now I have a pleasant experience to share with 
 you. Last afternoon was fine, so we two (I am jealous 
 of the word " we " it is always " we two " now) were 
 off early, and walked to Dovedale. When I got as far as 
 the farmhouse, I felt I was actually sinking for a cup of 
 tea, and went in to solicit one, meaning to remunerate of 
 course. A girl first appeared ; then the mother, then the 
 farmer himself, to whom T had only spoken once, three 
 years ago, as he stood looking (Hessie and I thought) 
 quite nobly handsome, hay-making with his men. The 
 fervor of his handshake, and his familiarity with my name, 
 amazed me. He wondered why I had not been to see 
 them ; they " feared I was affronted " and I did not 
 know they were aware of my existence ! The wife told 
 me I was much changed, and she would not have known 
 me ; and we were led in to such a beautiful parlor, large, 
 low, with arched windows (it is a very old house, with 
 massive walls, and a " hide-hole," which " his Lordship " 
 who has recently been over means to have opened out) 
 and lovely views. There a first-rate tea was brought us, 
 and I revived, and we " cracked," and the farmer was de- 
 lightful. If some underrate us, as dear Mrs. Jones al- 
 ways said, some overrate, and we always get more than 
 our due ! Really I was quite mortified that Mrs. Sowton 
 could not hear the good man's cordiality ! He said he 
 " did believe I was the great support of Patterdale " 
 (why ? He had never even heard of the Library), and 
 that " the people wanted me to stay the winter " (why 
 again ?). Something led me to say I was short-sighted : 
 " Well, now, I would never have believed that. I was 
 just admiring your eyes they are good ones " (the room 
 was dark!). Then the wife said I "looked so much 
 
SUNSET LIGHTS. 611 
 
 younger-like what had I done ? perhaps 't was the 
 dress." And I had the most cordial invitation to spend a 
 fortnight with them, and was told, when I said how fond 
 I was of Patterdale, " fatter dale is very fond of you ; " 
 and in short, never was any obscure creature more made 
 of by almost strangers. I am planning such pleasant 
 Christmas votives for it was impossible to acknowledge 
 the good tea, except by cordial gratitude. In the strength 
 of it we two jogged off cheerily. The weather darkened, 
 a flash of sunshine just brought out Dove Crag and the 
 beauty of the perfect valley then stillness and gloom, 
 and mists began to wind stealthily in and out of the peaks, 
 and still it was impossible not to go on. Perhaps Mary 
 will send these sheets to Edith, for I can't write it all 
 again, and she has been in Dovedale with the dear C., 
 and I want her to know I went the other side of the val- 
 ley, and that it is quite exquisite. On and on we went 
 till we got to a narrow dingle down which a little water- 
 fall comes, and oh, the loveliness of the ground ! The 
 carpet, and the strawberries with their crimson fruit and 
 scarlet leaves. Brothers' Water lay far behind us, and I 
 should have scrambled further still but that there came 
 rain. At first we thought it might be a shower, and 
 sheltered under a rowan, but no blackness overhead 
 and pelting rain. Nothing for it but returning. I was 
 
 wet to the skin, but dear Mrs. S had a woollen shawl. 
 
 Oh, the cold of my arms and shoulders, and the fear of 
 ruining my sateen ! I was full of pain by the time we 
 got back (at half past seven), but am none the worse, and 
 so thankful for the kindness of people ! 
 
 PATTEKDALE, Oct. 16, 1881. 
 
 My darling, I must write you, while your (and my) 
 beloved Archie is sitting in this room. His presence as 
 you know is always pleasant, gives an increased sense of 
 peace, well-being, security. I have combed Birnam into 
 
612 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 great beauty, and tugged at some incipient tags in a man- 
 ner he would never have allowed if he had not been very 
 sleepy indeed. This morning was extraordinarily beauti- 
 ful, not a cloud in the tender blue, not one breath of air, 
 a slight white. frost making everything crisp. Nature 
 seemed to have waked in an ecstasy after the tremendous 
 storm and conflict undergone. Archie and I were off at 
 ten, Birnam full of conceit leading the way, and frightful 
 little Patch running behind him. She dearly likes a 
 walk, and one never has to give her a thought, which in- 
 deed she would hardly be worth. The walk was perfect, 
 brilliant sunshine, brilliant tints, but of course the storm 
 has bared many trees. We went to the end of the 
 lovely valley [Dovedale], and Archie scrambled a little 
 up the watercourse for I will not call it a waterfall, 
 only a succession of pretty little leaps. Patch would not 
 go on with him, and Birnam had scrambled into my lap 
 and kept me warm as I sat among the ferns. It was per- 
 fectly still, and Archie and I had another sit and a pipe 
 in a blaze of sunshine that made my fur cloak feel too 
 much of a wrap. Birnam had three charming dips in 
 Brothers' Water, and quickly dried. A more lovely 
 walk on a lovelier day could hardly have been taken. 
 You know how I like Archie's dear society, and how glad 
 I always am to feel his supporting arm and the " perpet- 
 ual comfort of his face." 
 
 Monday, half past five : Dear Archie is just off 
 warm and comfortable, and having made a tidy breakfast. 
 Birnam has been very tenderly yet reasonably unhappy, 
 and is now bearing up the better because of a mutton bone 
 that I have indulged him with before the fire. His dear 
 wistful eyes when it dawned on him that " dear Master " 
 was to made me think of that line of DobelFs about 
 
 O 
 
 the forsaken dog who " seeks what he knows to be, yet 
 knows not where." Well, barriers do not annihilate the 
 
SUNSET LIGHTS. 613 
 
 loved one, only divide and very soon for the left the 
 barrier will fall. How the cock crew at half past three, 
 at four, and now again ! It hardly seems worth while to 
 go back to bed. How much good I wish you for to-mor- 
 row and all to-morrows, I need not say happy years 
 in the home, with the precious husband's love the only 
 equal, only perfect love, that has the same standpoint in 
 time, the same interest, the entire confidence, to build up 
 and secure the other sacredness and sweetness of what 
 alone is union. Bless you, and may the birthdays be ever 
 brightening from within, long after I have passed away. 
 
 " Way will open," dear, but it " runs up hill all the 
 way " for the majority. 
 
 You will see, dear one, things will brighten. We must 
 trus'en, as Dolly says. Have you anything pleasant to 
 read? Aimless talking is deadly. If evils are remedi- 
 able action ! If not silence ! 
 
 [Brighton.] I never thought this dear C so de- 
 lightful every way. She seems to me perfect in every 
 
 relation, and there is such an increasing repose. G 
 
 was very interesting after dinner yesterday, as all human 
 beings are who share their deeper feelings their strain- 
 ing towards the light. Good man of business though he 
 be, he evidently thinks much of the great encompassing 
 mystery the home of our being. I more and more ad- 
 mire C . It is not too much to say that when ani- 
 mated and speaking from her soul she is occasionally 
 beautiful has moments of positive inspiration which 
 show that for these last years she has been growing. 
 And she has a more mellow and attuned grace, with no 
 loss of her native fervour either, so that really I do not 
 wonder at any enthusiasm she excites in Mrs. Taylor, or 
 any one else. 
 
614 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 Mildred is as I have told you an ineffably sweet child. 
 She adds another to my list of enchanting children (not 
 merely pretty or promising ones), which even with this ad- 
 dition only runs up to three. 
 
 You see that all is going right with . It is so true 
 
 of a character like hers if it fall it is sure to rise 
 again, " the Lord holding the right hand." A beautiful 
 metaphor, and a sermon in itself. The divine habit of 
 right will prevail over the passing mood, the law of the 
 controlled and aspiring nature will conquer the accidental. 
 Everything so far as moral truth goes may be expressed 
 in those consecrated words. 
 
 The beloved Mr. Constable's spirit will be with you 
 all the spirit of gracious and expressed affection. Ah, 
 let no one shrink from expressing it. The heart has 
 strange abysses of gloom, and often yearns for just one 
 word of love to help. And it is just when the manner 
 may be drier and less genial than usual that the need may 
 be greatest ! 
 
 To Mrs. Henry Hemans. 
 
 The best that can happen is a deepened sense of the un- 
 seen, a firmer trust. Life's terrible aspects sometimes 
 shake that faith, and all seems chaotic and dark. But 
 when faith revives and one seems to get glimpses behind 
 the vail, seasons are ours of great peace, and reliance on 
 infinite love, from whence we derive our own. These, 
 whether alone or not, are the best hours. The dearest 
 friends cannot always help us to these. They rise and 
 set by laws we cannot certainly trace. 
 
 To Mr. Archibald Constable. 
 
 (Undated.) Dear Vi and I walked in the gloaming, 
 and I met " Peggy," who allowed her lovely gray cheeks 
 to be caressed to one's heart's content. What a pleasant 
 
SUNSET LIGHTS. 615 
 
 idea that of understanding the language of animals ! I 
 do prefer them to an evolved (?) type, that is to say to 
 the average man and woman. If Allan were here I 
 should like to show him what seems to me a fallacy in the 
 " Spectator's " review of "Supernatural Religion." Mr. 
 
 H does seem to me strangely confused. I wonder 
 
 people don't come to see that, given a God, none of his 
 dealings can be otherwise than divine, and that this idea 
 of Super-His-order, by which one might define supernat- 
 ural, is mere confusion. We may see that relatively to 
 our perceptions or our condition certain laws are higher, 
 more important, than others, but they must all alike be 
 according to his will, ordered and sure in the nature of 
 things, not afterthoughts or makeshifts. 
 
 To Mrs. Cotton. 
 
 PATTEBDALE, Summer of 1881. 
 
 My much loved Mary, how I do want to talk to you ! 
 First and foremost to say how I rejoice in dear General 
 Cotton's restored health and return to his " own heart's 
 home." I thought of you indeed on Wednesday afternoon, 
 and earnestly wished your happiness a long continuance. 
 And I enter deeply into your longing for a country home, 
 where you may be more completely together than your 
 unselfishness now allows you to be. Only it must be in 
 some remote neighbourhood, or social claims will crowd 
 around you, and probably be less interesting than those 
 that now render your life so over-full. I do not at all 
 like to think of your sitting up so late, even to write to 
 me, welcome indeed as your letter was, and sweet as I 
 thought it of you to send me all these details of the be- 
 loved Amy. ... I am glad poured out his heart to 
 
 you. But, though I do not try to forecast ' what years 
 may bring, I cannot desire a new love so much as that the 
 old may suffice for guidance, stimulus, and that min- 
 gled rapture and anguish which if not happiness in the 
 usual sense of the word is energy and intense life " bind- 
 
616 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 ing one," as my American friend says, " to the best work." 
 I have had two other letters from him, most precious to 
 my heart. It is strange how for perfect rapport one may 
 turn to one unseen. Such a relation of thought and feel- 
 ing renders one more able to understand, or to conceive 
 of, an enlarged independence of these senses of ours. It 
 is a kind of " seeing the invisible." In this way we make 
 up a totality of sympathy and affection. Some dear old 
 ties suffice in themselves, and one does not demand any 
 other union than the long years and well-tried affections 
 and indefinable fondness for the personal presence have 
 brought about. With others there is the thrill of intel- 
 lectual agreement. I know no one to whom it would be 
 so easy to " pour out my full heart " as to this young man 
 whom I shall never meet, nor even wish to meet. But I 
 don't write to him 'his last letter remains unanswered, 
 while the pen wobbles almost daily to my Mary alas, 
 she is so often breathless and ailing. . . . 'T is sweet of 
 you to give my hand a thought. 'T is no longer the 
 thumb, but some weakness in the palm of the hand. 
 However it is better to-day, only fatal to letter-writing, 
 because one wants to squeeze all one has to say into a few 
 words. I 'm so glad you liked the curtain but I only 
 learned from M. A. R., and did n't do the work half as 
 well as she. I seem to myself one of the incapable, but 
 as my dear one used to say, flinging his arms round my 
 neck, " You and I have no talent only a little bit of 
 mind ! " Well, mine was a little bit, but I thankfully be- 
 lieve of the same cast, and therefore complete union was 
 possible. And now I am half a pair of scissors the 
 loneliest and incapablest of work. Now a capable per- 
 son is this dear and delightful Mima. To see her on 
 her arrival Saturday, grubbing in the bit of garden, plant- 
 ing and transplanting, pegging down a petunia with hair- 
 pins, and washing a rose with a shaving brush ! She is 
 the very good fairy of order and efficiency, and the pleas- 
 aiitest and most cheering of companions. 
 
CHAPTER XXXIX. 
 
 REUNITED. 
 
 " SHE and I," writes Mrs. Constable, " spent the greater 
 part of September, 1881, together in London. She was 
 fairly well and very energetic, and full of interest in all the 
 details of the furniture of our new house which she helped 
 me to choose ; going in to every particular with her own 
 peculiar lively interest, which she brought to bear upon the 
 choosing of the pattern of a cretonne with the same sweet 
 intensity as if it had been a thing of far more moment. 
 She and I went to see several of her dear friends, and had 
 very pleasant days together. Anything seen or done with 
 her had a charm it can never have again. How she en- 
 joyed things ! The pretty things in the shops, the lights 
 reflected in the river as we crossed Westminster Bridge at 
 night, the good looks of some of the young faces we saw in 
 the streets or in the train everything touched her. The 
 Sundays were delightful, and she enjoyed the variety and 
 the music delighted in the music at the Carmelites, the 
 service at the Foundling Hospital, Canon Duckworth's 
 sermon in the Abbey after the president's death, and our 
 last service together at St. George's, Southwark, where 
 we heard Rossini's " Stabat Mater " gloriously given. It 
 was music she specially delighted in, and those exquisite 
 airs thrilled her with delight. But she said some weeks 
 afterwards to her friend Mrs. Ruck : ' It is curious how I 
 now never wish a pleasure repeated. Much as I enjoyed 
 my visit to Mr. Herkomer, and all the interesting places we 
 went to, I have no wish to see them again. I liked Mary 
 to have the pleasure of that pleasant time, and enjoyed it 
 
618 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 with her.' We came back together to Chester, where she 
 spent two days with her dear Hessie Howard, going over 
 one day to Rhyl to spend a few hours with my dear mother. 
 Then I went to my mother, and my sister went back to 
 Patterdale with Aunt Lucy, and was with her for over 
 three weeks. On the thirty-first of October Edith came 
 away, and as she left the station she leant her head out of 
 the window for a last look at the dear one, who was stand- 
 ing on the platform, and who on seeing her pointed with 
 her hand to the sky above. 
 
 " She returned that evening to Patterdale, and was 
 alone for the next few days ; a very rare event with her, 
 as she generally had some loved friend with her and 
 how her friends valued those quiet peaceful times with 
 her in that lovely country ! Quiet as the life there was, 
 it was full of interests, for she had many friends among 
 the cottagers sick and blind people who claimed her 
 advice and had great faith in her readiness to help them. 
 And then what letters came to her ! 
 
 " At this time she was busily working at some curtains 
 she intended for a Christmas gift to an Edinburgh friend. 
 They were a marvellous piece of work, and had been an 
 amusement for her for about three months. In the bor- 
 ders she had worked different flowers, and a great many 
 of Esop's fables, which she had carried out with wonderful 
 spirit and expression. In one of her letters she said she 
 had been working the fable of the Wolf and the Lamb, and 
 4 quite made her heart ache over the pleading expression 
 of the lamb ! ' In another letter at this time she says to 
 me, ' I sit over my curtains because they must be done, 
 and shall probably go out to please the dear fellow,' - 
 my dog, who was having a happy time with her, 4 but I 
 should like to be in bed.' " 
 
REUNITED. 619 
 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Loomis. 
 
 PATTERDALE, Oct. 23, 1881. 
 
 The line that separates the normal from the abnormal 
 is very fine, almost indefinable, and men of the most spir- 
 itual type, men who have inaugurated or stimulated great 
 religious movements, have always been unlike the major- 
 ity in the intensity of incommunicable personal feelings. 
 This sense of being " if beside ourselves, beside ourselves 
 to God," must differentiate one human being from the 
 usual run in a manner that they of course can have no 
 conception of. ... For me the curtain has never been 
 withdrawn. I suppose I am not imaginative. But I have 
 loved, I do love. Time does not change one feeling con- 
 nected with the one out of sight, who called out in me a 
 new nature and filled it. This morning I was reading one 
 of his manuscript books, with all the old yearning for the 
 perfect companionship the voice, the smile, my incom- 
 municable experience of fulness of joy ! It will be ten 
 years in March since I have been alone. 
 
 I am much interested in the effort you are making to 
 rescue young girls, and can well believe time and thought 
 are completely filled up, and that mere letter-writing be- 
 comes wearisome. If only the fresh tide of young lives 
 could be prevented from flowing in to fill the place the 
 rescued ones have left empty ! For this we must be con- 
 tent to wait, and trust to heredity and progress. Mean- 
 while, what a joy to work as you are working the work 
 of the present, which is preparing I must believe a better 
 future. I wonder if the industrial hamlet will be found 
 practicable. I should have more hope from detached 
 homes, where there is the public opinion of a varied society 
 to live up to. How the " Power that worketh in us " is lead- 
 ing men and women ever more and more to grapple with 
 misery, and vice which is the worst misery. I am struck 
 with the increase of philanthropic effort everywhere. 
 
620 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 Whatever religious views are held, all seem at work in 
 some good cause. It has indeed become one may say a 
 fashion, and has its absurd developments, but still what 
 progress this fact marks. I have been away from Patter- 
 dale for a month, in London and elsewhere. I was in West- 
 minster Abbey when a tribute of loving reverence was 
 paid to your noble president. The funeral sermon (how I 
 dislike the words!) was worthy of its theme. The grand 
 old Abbey was filled with silent, breathless crowds, who 
 poured slowly forth, to the sound of Handel's and Bee- 
 thoven's wailing, exulting dead marches. How intense a 
 feeling of love and grief has been fusing our nationalities 
 into one ! I shall soon be moving to Edinburgh, and if 
 during the winter an impulse comes to tell me of the prog- 
 ress of your undertaking, the old address, 11 Thistle 
 Street, will always find me. You ask if I can read your 
 writing. Yes, always, and I think you will admit that I 
 have written legibly this time. You are still, are you not, 
 in the charming house of which you sent me the photo- 
 graph ? It was a detached house, and you talk of a new 
 name to your street, which puzzles me. I wonder whether 
 Mrs. Loomis keeps up her music, and should like to hear 
 more of her and the dear daughters than I ever shall. I 
 head my letter by a graceful wood-flower I will not 
 
 say weed. 
 
 To Mr. . 
 
 PATTERDALE, SUNDAY, Nov. 6, 1881. 
 
 How welcome your letter was, dear friend strangely 
 welcome when one remembers that this time last year we 
 did not know of the existence of each other. I began to 
 fear you had not got my letter, sometimes feared I had 
 said a something that jarred quite unreasonably, for 
 you had sent me papers, but it is a vice of my nature to 
 distrust myself and think I may have said or done or 
 written something that chilled or pained. This is not hu- 
 mility I know, but I suppose a sort of morbid timidity. I 
 
REUNITED. 621 
 
 told you, I think, I was but a poor weak creature, and 
 therefore adored the stronger, finer organizations, in which 
 some indwelling grace casts out fear. I am now alone, 
 and all this Sunday has been spent in the past, arranging 
 old letters, which led to reading them, and making ar- 
 rangements for my approaching departure. These peri- 
 odical flittings are rehearsals for the greater change which 
 cannot be very distant and which is frequently in my mind 
 of late. The declining health of an only sister, and 
 the valetudinarian apprehensions of an only brother, and 
 certain pains of my own, lead me to think we shall not 
 any of us live to be really old, as our dear parents did. 1 
 I am sure I hardly know why this should have run out of 
 my pen a disagreeable, scratching, whining steel pen 
 my gold pen, unluckily broken, never would have got on 
 such dull topics. However, one result of the arrange- 
 ment of old letters is that I send you two of George Eli- 
 ot's, taken somewhat at random, but showing two phases 
 of life. Pray do not show them to any one (I make ex- 
 ception in favour of Mrs. ), and return them to me. I 
 
 have no definite clue to her second marriage. But she 
 was alone, as genius must necessarily be. In a later note 
 she tells me that "constant female society would be intol- 
 erable to her ; " and I suppose she needed to be loved, 
 needed it imperiously, for those who saw her during the 
 last few months of her life spoke of her as very happy. 
 No doubt the convictions of her mind had much to do 
 with it. To some of us the other self is living, though 
 under conditions we do not seek to define living in 
 some sense more intensely than ever, since the object of 
 an ever growing love. That must make an immeasura- 
 ble difference ; but also, I suppose, loving is the great es- 
 sential to some human beings, being loved to others. Mr. 
 Cross had long worshipped her genius, and when she was 
 ill, the autumn before her death, she wrote of " having 
 1 Within six months the three had passed away. 
 
622 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 been nursed as a wife nurses her husband." ... I re- 
 member only how great, how kind, she was. Some day I 
 will, I think, write out my recollections of the hours spent 
 with these gifted beings. I have promised my Mary to 
 do this, and if you like you shall see the page or two. 
 But I have a horror of exaggerating the amount of inter- 
 course or kindly relation between one's self and one's in- 
 tellectual superiors. And my husband's reticence in these 
 matters was exceptional. Oh, those words of Emerson 
 they are the best description of him I know : " The soul 
 that ascend eth to worship the great God is plain and true ; 
 has no rose colors, no fine friends, no chivalry, no adven- 
 tures ; does not want admiration ; dwells in the hour that 
 now is, in the earnest experience of the common day." 
 Deliberately I say it, were I restricted to six lines, they 
 are these by which I would characterize his rare and ex- 
 quisite personality. Were it not for the misleading por- 
 trait, I would send you the whole paper by Mr. Strahan, 
 there are such faithful touches in it. The first impression, 
 had you seen him, would have been his utter unlikeness 
 to any one else. Ten days ago the dear mother and 
 daughter who worked and waited upon us (at Newton 
 Place) came over to see me. The latter is now a happy 
 wife and mother. I went out for a few moments with her 
 into the starlight. Looking up she said, " Eh ! Mr. Smith 
 was fond of the stars how he did go from one room to 
 another to look at them." " You will never forget him, 
 dear Ruth ? " " No, 1 never shall ; he was quite different 
 from everybody." That men of his own stamp should 
 have appreciated him was natural, but simple country 
 girls in country lodgings, to whom he hardly spoke any 
 but the simplest words, were unerring in their perception. 
 Oh, I am egotistical this evening ! Curious I had re- 
 frained from asking for your photograph, from some sense 
 that you might express a wish to see mine. I have only 
 one, which has lain in my husband's desk so many years 
 
REUNITED. 623 
 
 that it would give you no idea of what I am now. And it 
 was a wretched little affair, done by an amateur, a tyro in 
 the art. And to be quite candid, I like better that you 
 should not see me photographed, and I never mean to be 
 again. My husband used to say sometimes, " If I could 
 have her painted just as she is now but it must be by a 
 first-rate artist." I should not like you to think that the 
 face he liked was always as plain as in a photograph you 
 would see it to be. And now I have been ten years alone, 
 without the transfiguration of an immense joy. But your 
 likeness it would interest me to see. . . . When in London 
 with Mary, she and I went to hear the " Stabat Mater " 
 at St. George's Cathedral, Southwark, and walking back 
 over the bridge we heard the Abbey chimes. It moves 
 me much to think of you two listening to their singularly 
 thrilling tones. Oh, surely, surely, there is some conscious 
 reunion in the life in God on which we enter when we 
 die ! I will not think our yearning for it merely provi- 
 sional. 
 
 My day has not all gone in setting desks and cabinets 
 to rights. I have read a great deal of a book I never 
 take up without a stirring of the deepest thoughts. It is 
 a book little known I should like to send it to you if 
 you will post it back 'T is a " Theologico-Political Trea- 
 tise," by G. D'Oyly Snow. 
 
 I wonder if I shall live to return to Patterdale. Or, 
 if I do, whether my dear old landlady will. She is suf- 
 fering from her eyes, so I have been reading to her a 
 chapter of the book you sent me. She thought it beauti- 
 ful, and has taken the book down to her husband. I am 
 leaving on Saturday next, and joining Archie and Mary in 
 Edinburgh. I must ask you to direct to 11 Thistle St. in 
 future, or until I return if I do return to my loved 
 mountains. See, I send you one of their fairest flowers 
 - I dare say it grows four times as large with you we 
 call it Grass of Parnassus. I said I was alone, but I was 
 
624 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 disrespectfully forgetting my niece's beautiful Skye ter- 
 rier, who is better than any but the best as far as com- 
 panionship goes. I could send you a photograph of him, 
 now, that would really equal any of Landseer's human 
 dogs. I do send you the cottage where I am now, where 
 I was twenty-three years ago. It had not these ugly bow 
 windows then, was more simply a mere cottage. But up 
 the little stairs my husband has often sprung ; and the 
 brook " the same sound is in my ears that in those 
 days I heard." 
 
 I cannot enter upon the sad Irish question. We are 
 reaping the bitter harvest of oppression and injustice 
 sown, and I fear there is an antagonism of race to con- 
 tend with as well. But like many an ill-assorted union, 
 divorce would if possible be worse for both sides. You 
 will not think my hand much better, judging from my 
 scrawl, but the pen has much to do with it. 
 
 To Mrs. A. Constable. 
 
 PATTERDALB, Nov. 7, 1881. 
 
 My pretty one will be sorry to hear that the pain be- 
 came so continuous and severe that I sent for the doctor 
 and a very nice young man he is, and lent an ear. He 
 finds no symptoms of cardiac disease, such as he suggested, 
 and considers me " wonderfully preserved " for my years. 
 But : the two pulses are he says singularly discrepant, 
 and he cheerfully referred to " aneurism " ! I knew the 
 significance of the symptom from Dr. J. Bell's note to 
 you. However, to-morrow he comes again, armed with a 
 stethoscope, and of course 1 shall be thankful if he do not 
 verify his theory, but comes to the conclusion that it is 
 only " neuralgia of the walls of the chest." He says that 
 would be affected by fear or anxiety. So I dare say 't is 
 only that. Aneurism would mean, I suppose, terrible suf- 
 fering but as far as shortened life goes, that seems 
 strangely sweet- I should like, dear ones, to leave you 
 
REUNITED. 625 
 
 " at my best." I read those lovely lines, 1 so descriptive 
 of dearest Mr. Constable, to Mrs. Dobson last night, but 
 find speaking brings on the spasm, and oh, it was bad 
 while I read but 't is worse to-day. During the inter- 
 vals I feel quite well, and have worked strenuously, but 
 fear I must give up the hope of finishing. If I can't fin- 
 ish, I know my chick will. Your blackberries look so 
 pretty ! I have only two fables to do. Perhaps I may 
 get them done. You see, my darling, if this is only neu- 
 ralgia, I must try to bear it patiently. Think of sweet 
 Louise ! And how your dear mother has suffered. If it 
 is something organic, it will be hard upon you but I 
 believe Archie and you would not wish me elsewhere. 
 Perhaps I ought to stay, however, till you get into the flat. 
 I shall know more when the night and the morning visit 
 is over. There was no help for it, 'the pain is so bad, and 
 ether and sal volatile doing nothing, one must appeal to 
 this young man's nostrums. I am quite unhappy about 
 sweet Birnam. He does so resent his chain, and this 
 evening would not walk with Jane in that ignominious 
 way. And to-morrow they shoot about here, and alas, he 
 escapes out of the garden though the gate be closed I 
 think Patch has shown him the way. He is at this mo- 
 ment lying on my skirt, profoundly depressed. He is so 
 bent on a rabbit-hole Jane brought him back from it 
 this morning. He was 50 lovely, but is thwarted and out 
 of sorts in his dear spirits. Oh, how delightful intervals 
 of ease are ! I am so glad your mother had a good night 
 and better day. I like Brownlow's speech much, and es- 
 pecially the closing sentence. Dear fellow ! May we all 
 be taught wisdom, which is love ! I hear of Wesleyan 
 ministers so touched with my angel's book. Oh, no way 
 should be hard that leads to the life he lives. Perhaps, 
 " when the sun sets " the light may shine out. Do not 
 
 1 Lines by Whittier in the Atlantic Monthly for July, entitled " In 
 Memory,' ' beginning " As a guest who may not stay." 
 
626 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 suppose, my darling, I am taking this seriously, as yet, 
 and don't let your dear heart be anxious. I am afraid, if 
 I am able to move, Archie must come for me. I can do 
 nothing. It is a sudden change. Now good-night, my 
 pretty one, and I dare say to-morrow I shall tell you it 's 
 only neuralgia. 
 
 To Miss H. E. Howard. 
 
 PATTERDALE, Nov. 15, 1881. 
 
 VEKY DEAR FRIENDS, How sweet of you to care so 
 much whether the end comes now or later ! I really am 
 doing as well as possible. Were you here, you would see 
 me sitting in an arm-chair, purring with comfort, thankful 
 to be here and to see the mist on the hills and hear the 
 brook ; and every one is kindness itself ; and is it not 
 lovely to think that all. over the world there is this sacred 
 sympathy shedding over sick beds not to say dying 
 the lustre of a tenderness that blots out as a cloud trans- 
 gressions, and makes each commonplace creature seem 
 precious and fair. This came home to me strongly in the 
 night this perpetual transfiguration. I hear my Hessie 
 say, " Come to the point." Well, then, the doctor has just 
 been here, and says the pulse is getting normal, and he is 
 not coming back this evening. And do you know, my 
 dears, I, so little disposed to faith in doctors, thoroughly 
 like this young man, and were this illness to change its 
 character, should not have a wish for a second opinion. 
 And then the immense comfort of Archie and Mary. 
 
 To Miss Dudley. 
 
 PATTERDALE, Nov. 20, 1881. 
 
 Have you noticed the length of my silence, dear Miss 
 Dudley, or heard its cause ? I have been pretty sharply 
 ill, pleurodynia, and great disturbance of the liver. I 
 do not know when I wrote, whether before or after I 
 saw dear Edith off from the Keswick station on the 31st 
 
REUNITED. 627 
 
 of October, and went on to see poor Mrs. Lietch. The 
 old scenes, the emotion they caused, and the intense cold 
 of the drive back (though in a close carriage) may have 
 had something to do with it but on the Friday following 
 a familiar pain in the walls of the chest, associated for the 
 last three years with quickened pace, and always subsid- 
 ing when I rested began to become very frequent, in 
 the house and without any unusual effort. On Monday 
 week it became so severe as to force me to call in the local 
 doctor a young man just come here, of whom I knew 
 nothing. He came suspected heart disease, found none, 
 and was summoned away to Edinburgh on the Wednesday 
 believing me convalescent. But my Mary, who had only 
 reached Edinburgh the Saturday before, felt a little anx- 
 ious about me, and on that Wednesday afternoon she ap- 
 peared, to pack me up, and, as we thought, travel together 
 to Edinburgh on Saturday. However after being bet- 
 ter on Thursday, and writing many letters (was one to 
 you?), the mere exertion of preparing for bed brought on 
 anguish. All through those dark hours my little love 
 held me in her strong and tender grasp. The pain was 
 severer than I had ever known, the sickness violent and 
 exhausting no remedies in the house, and no doctor pro- 
 curable. 1 It must have been hard for Mary. She sent 
 to Penrith (fifteen miles off), and about twelve the next 
 morning, when the pain was quieting down, the doctor 
 presented himself, and after a careful examination pro- 
 nounced the heart sound, and gave the attack its name. 
 Friday brought Archie, and no creature can have been 
 more tenderly nursed. And the local doctor returned that 
 
 1 " She was very brave," writes Mrs. Constable, " and her own 
 dear self all through ; not the least frightened, and able to give her 
 mind to things outside herself. She said in the night she was owing 
 nothing except one little bill of one shilling two pence to a wool shop 
 in Edinburgh for some crewels." 
 
628 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 evening, and has been attentive and intelligent. 1 But the 
 serious thing was that all the furniture from London had 
 arrived, and there was the new house at a complete stand- 
 still, and Mary positively refused to leave me alone, nor 
 indeed was I fit to be left. But my noble, invaluable 
 Mrs. Ruck, who had with her Dr. Darwin and the little 
 grandson, her eldest son and his wife and two children, 
 and her married daughter, Mrs. Stuart and her husband, 
 who had all these gathered round her and depending 
 on her, said at once that she was ready to come at a 
 word. And on Wednesday 2 last, Archie and Mary left, 
 and are busy settling down in the nest, and if all be well 
 my darling friend and I travel together on Friday next to 
 Edinburgh, and she returns thence to her Welsh home. 
 Is it not a blessing that there should be souls of this gen- 
 erous type ? I love and trust her so much, I accept the 
 sacrifice without a scruple. I have felt very happy, 
 dear Miss Dudley, a great peace, trust, and almost vi- 
 sion of the merciful " Power that worketh in us." Every- 
 thing seemed so sweetly right. But this was a very short 
 experience of illness, though it left me weak, and I do not 
 expect to regain my former level of health and strength. 
 ... I shall be glad to be with Archie and Mary but 
 
 1 " How I can see her now," says Mrs. Constable, " as she dis- 
 cussed her symptoms with him so pleasantly, with her own inimitable 
 charm and brightness ! . . . The next afternoon she sent Archie a 
 round of visits to some of the cottages, with a pound of tea to be 
 given at each, on which she had written the name of the recipient, 
 and a different kind message to each. The day before, when she 
 was in that intense pain, she wrote a card to my mother, and one to 
 a friend." 
 
 2 " On Monday," so writes Mrs. Constable, "the doctor thought 
 her decidedly better, though still very weak. It was a very sweet, 
 mild day, and she enjoyed having the window open, and listening to 
 the ripple of the brook which ran past the house. She asked me to 
 place the looking-glass so that she could see the hills reflected in it, 
 and said that if she must be ill she could not wish it to be elsewhere 
 than at her beloved Patterdale." 
 
REUNITED. 629 
 
 have liked to see the trees wave and the mists creep over 
 the mountains, and hear the brook murmur that we heard 
 twenty-three years ago. 
 
 Dear friend, I know how brave you must be to keep a 
 sense of loneliness at bay. But hearts so kind and sympa- 
 thizing are never really lonely. 
 
 [Mr. and Mrs. Constable left her at Patterdale, No- 
 vember 16, and Mrs. Ruck arrived there that evening, 
 going from the Penrith station in the carriage which car- 
 ried them to it.] 
 
 To Mrs. A. Constable. 
 
 PATTEBDALB, November 17, 1881. 
 
 My pretty one, how glad I was to hear of the meeting 
 at Penrith ! This darling was so struck with the beauty 
 of you both, and with the look of health. You may won- 
 der but Birnam she never saw ! This does not prevent 
 my feeling sure he was in the arms of one or other. How 
 well she looks. She sits there in the window, writing her 
 Hong Kong letter, and radiates health. Your Zia felt a 
 great drop in her vitality when you three departed. The 
 night was well good. I had my bromide of potas- 
 sium and all my comforts beside me, and this darling read 
 me to sleep and I woke as it struck what ? one 
 two three better and better ! but it went on to 
 twelve ! I felt like a broken egg, so prone and sprawly. 
 I think when I wake the pulse is .very low, and the line 
 occurs : 
 
 " To cease upon the midnight with no pain." 
 
 I woke at six, refreshed and probably better, and a 
 little after eight Jane was off to the wedding. I think 
 she is far above the average, and really she was interest- 
 ing in all she told me while making the fire. She would 
 have liked, things being otherwise, to be " Mr. and Mrs. 
 
630 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 Constable's servant." This dear one is full of pleasant 
 talk I wish I could transfer it of the grandson. 
 Darling, I had meant to say more, but will try to nap a 
 little. 
 
 Well, here I am, moved to the sitting-room, which is a 
 blaze of sun after a hail-storm which I fear means sever- 
 ity with you. How I can see you in your chaos, and how 
 much I hope you are to have a good luncheon there ! Is 
 not H. pleasant about you? No letters for you. Not 
 much in reading mood. All organization has departed 
 with my chick, but oh, the blessing of this large, lenient, 
 loving presence ! She is writing sheaves of home letters, 
 and after dinner will I know read to me. I am as much 
 in Edinburgh as here so anxious about the parlour 
 maid, Quantrell's, above all your feeling well. 
 
 PATTBRDALE, November 19, 1881. 
 
 How I am with you, unpacking and " warstling " with 
 the Powers of Evil in the North! The aggravation is 
 enough to drive you over the borders of sanity. I am 
 thankful not to be there. M. A. says in Wales they do 
 a little bit of six different things and finish nothing. So 
 only you don't catch cold! I find it hard to forgive 
 
 Mrs. [some one who had failed Mrs. Constable in an 
 
 emergency]. The spoken word should take precedence 
 of personal convenience else where are we ? Here it 
 pours again, and the river runs rapidly, clear green. 
 Yesterday was a day qf activity, and I could invent noth- 
 ing to complain of. Last night I woke myself out of 
 the crisis of a horrible dream, and energy is low this 
 morning. I have come to the sitting-room, so to speak, 
 en bloc, and shall soon remove the bundle back to bed, 
 and fall asleep, I dare say, for I can sleep on my side 
 now, and am only stupid, my darling, as I fear I often 
 shall be but surely, sufficient to the day is the dul- 
 ness thereof. Thank you much for Brand so kind a 
 
REUNITED. 631 
 
 thought! Mary Gumming shall be written to. I love 
 you fondly, and you suit me " down to the ground," if 
 that 's any praise ! 
 
 " On the 25th of November," writes Mrs. Constable, 
 "the dear one and Mrs. Ruck reached us in our new 
 abode. The long stair was a great effort for her, but 
 when she reached the top her only thought was of the 
 pleasure of seeing us settled in our new home, and her 
 dear face looked so bright and animated as she went from 
 one room to another with her unfailing energy. How 
 thankful I was to have her under our roof, and how I 
 hoped it was for long ! She was very much pleased with 
 her large airy bedroom, and said she thought she would 
 spend a week in her comfortable little bed, and then be 
 quite set up. Dear Mrs. Ruck spent three days with us, 
 and left, thinking our dear one would soon regain her 
 strength. But she did not gain much ground, having al- 
 ternations of good and bad days. On some days her 
 cough would be very troublesome, or she would have some 
 other discomfort, and there was often great breathlessness 
 after any exertion, which had also a tendency to bring 
 back the pain in her chest to some extent. So she was 
 a good deal in her own room, either in the bed or on the 
 sofa. She saw her friends, and would read with great 
 interest, taking great delight in Dean Stanley's, ' Memo- 
 rials of Canterbury ' and several times at night asking for 
 a volume of Shakespeare. 
 
 " On the 7th of December, a cold windy day, she felt a 
 great longing to go out, and had a cab for an hour, tak- 
 ing the pretty little housemaid Christina with her. She 
 came back greatly pleased with her little outing, and 
 came to my room (I was in bed with a bad cold) to show 
 me the Christmas cards she had chosen. They were al- 
 ways a great amusement to her, and she would laugh and 
 say she was really quite childish about them." 
 
632 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 In a letter written on the llth of December, to one of 
 several who were friends though they had never seen her 
 and only knew her through her letters, she says, speaking 
 of her sharp attack at Patterdale, " I often felt strangely 
 happy, with the conviction 4 1 see the end, and know it 
 good ' " adding further on, " There remains an earnest 
 trust that ' Life and death His mercy underlies.' " 
 
 ' On Tuesday, the 13th, she got up and dressed soon 
 after breakfast, feeling better than she had done for days. 
 She sat at her work all the morning, and in the afternoon 
 she began tracing scallops on the pretty pink flannel, to 
 be worked in white silk for her friend H. H. She got 
 out her packet of Christmas cards, and planned the des- 
 tination of many a work of some little time, for she 
 had to see there were no inappropriate words no wish- 
 ing of a 4 Merry Christmas ' to a sorrowful heart. Her 
 dear friend Mrs. Lorirner joined us as we were having 
 our afternoon coffee, and was told she was feeling ' quite 
 sharp ' so much better than the days before. As I had 
 had a wretched night from a bad cold, she would have me 
 go to bed before dinner, and came herself to my room 
 with a soft warm shawl of her own for me to put on, and 
 came again more than once, bringing me books to read, 
 and looking after me in her own dear, intensely tender 
 way. 
 
 44 After dinner she came and told me she must go and 
 lie down, for the pain in her back was so bad, and when 
 Archie came in he found her in her room reading the 
 paper and delighted with a speech of Sir Wilfrid Law- 
 son's. About ten she came to wish me good-night, and 
 said then that she had strange discomfort as if heart and 
 lungs were not working harmoniously. She had men- 
 tioned something of this feeling before, but this time when 
 we implored her to have advice she half promised 4 we 
 might send for the Faculty the next day if we could prom- 
 ise her a doctor should only come once.' Christina went 
 
REUNITED. 633 
 
 to help her to undress, and told me afterward ' she 
 seemed so happy and comfortable,' and was 'so nice, 7 
 thanking Christina for her help, and hoping she would 
 have a good night. At eleven Archie went to wish her 
 good-night. She was then in bed and reading, and on my 
 sending him in again with the shawl she had lent me, he 
 came back saying she sent her kindest love, and he was 
 to tell me she was quite comfortable." 
 
 At four o'clock the next morning it was the 14th of 
 December, 1881 her Archie and Mary were awaked 
 by hearing cries. They rushed out, to find their aunt 
 sunk down on a chair in the lobby outside her door, in 
 acute distress. She gasped, " It 's the end " instantly 
 adding, " Love to all." It was in all probability angina. 
 Alleviatives were tried, and in a few minutes a doctor was 
 present. Speaking with great difficulty, and at intervals, 
 she said repeatedly, " It 's the end," and added, " I did 
 not think it would have come so soon." To the niece 
 kissing her hands, and saying, " Do you not know I can- 
 not live without you ? " she tried to smile and more 
 than once she said, " Love to all." She was wheeled in 
 an easy chair into her room, and laid upon her little bed. 
 " By this time she was becoming unconscious, and when 
 Archie said to her, 4 You are going to join your beloved 
 one,' the dear beautiful eyes had no recognition in them. 
 There was no look of pain on the dear face, no shadow of 
 fear, though the agony had been so great. Through all 
 she was as natural as she ever was in her life. She lay 
 very still, drawing a deep breath a few times then there 
 was the silence. Our best and brightest one had left us." 
 
 Some time in that night she had begun a letter to a 
 friend in Australia, breaking off by saying that she must 
 stop, for she was writing in the middle of the night. Be- 
 side her bed was a book, " Twilight Hours," by " Sadie," 
 in which was found a skein of cotton as a mark, the 
 poem which was thus pointed out was too familiar to need 
 
634 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 any such designation for herself, and it seemed as if she 
 meant it as a message. The poem is called " After ; " 
 one of its lines which she was fond of quoting was 
 
 " Some one with wings where I had weary feet." 
 It begins, 
 
 " Wait for a moment, Death, I pray you wait, 
 I have been waiting years, O friend, for you." 
 
 And it ends, 
 
 " Let it be so one day we all shall meet." 
 
 The beloved form was tenderly dressed in the grave- 
 clothes that had been kept ready for many years, and 
 wrapped in the white dressing-gown she was wearing the 
 night her husband passed away ; the white lace cap she 
 wore that day again covered her head, and over the face, 
 very calm and beautiful, was spread the white lace veil 
 she had worn in the hour that made her the happiest of 
 wives. Fresh white blossoms, from many who had loved 
 her, covered the figure from face to feet. It was laid in 
 the grave at Brighton, of which she had said that she 
 thought even her dust would thrill with delight at being 
 so near that of her husband. 
 
 The memorial card bore this inscription : 
 
 " Love is of God." 
 
 " And this commandment have we from him, that he 
 who loveth God love his brother also." 
 
 " The fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, long-suffer- 
 ing, gentleness, goodness, faith, meekness, temperance." 
 
 " The path of the just is as the shining light, that shin- 
 eth more and more unto the perfect day." 
 
 " I thank my God upon every remembrance of you." 
 
 " The last text," wrote Miss Dudley, " brought the first 
 relieving tears since Dec. 18th. Every remembrance of 
 
REUNITED. 635 
 
 her indeed is cause for thankfulness. Yes, her spiritual, 
 tender joy was the rarest gift." 
 
 " I can think of nothing else," wrote another friend, 
 " till I have readjusted iny life, as it were, to her absence. 
 For many years everything which interested me I have 
 shared with her, and have seldom done or thought any- 
 thing without asking myself what her judgment in the 
 matter would be. I never remember her failing to catch 
 instantly the meaning of anything I said or did. No 
 other friend was to me quite so congenial and delightful 
 no other friendship quite so loving and so full of in- 
 sight." 
 
 Mrs. Cotton's letter to Mrs. Constable recognizes the 
 intellectual power which went along with her genius for 
 love. " It will be a very great interest for you to make a 
 selection from her priceless letters, if they be sufficiently 
 divested from the purely personal elements, and I am very 
 sure that no more exquisite contribution to womanly 
 thought and culture could be given to this generation. 
 4 Who taught you to think ? ' said Eliot Warburton to her 
 in her beautiful youth. That made the difference be- 
 twixt her and her contemporaries her power of thought, 
 which became her greatest solace in her widowhood. . . . 
 There is yet one other text, besides those you so admira- 
 bly chose, that rises to my mind at every thought of her, 
 ' Be pitiful, be courteous.' The large-minded sympathy 
 that saw a possible sufferer in every one she met influ- 
 enced in so marked a degree her courteous pity toward 
 the poor and lowly, her reverent attitude toward all who 
 needed her capacity of understanding individual wants 
 and sorrows. I could well understand Mrs. R.'s feeling 
 on the receipt of her son's letter this morning, 4 all radi- 
 ant in the light accepted love imparts ' that she cried 
 anew over the loss of the beloved friend to whom she 
 would first have turned, with the confidence that her Lucy 
 would have liked to read this happy letter." 
 
636 LUCY SMITH. 
 
 From the volume of such tributes only one more shall 
 be cited, it is from the Contessa B., the " Augusta " at 
 whose marriage Lucy Smith played the part of mother : 
 " What you say is what I think all her friends will feel, 
 that after the husband or mother or child who may be the 
 nearest, she comes next, separate from all other friends, 
 in a special place of her own. All of us who love and 
 admire her must henceforth be bound together more 
 closely than before our loss. And she is happy now. 
 Oh yes, my dear Vi, that was my first thought, as my first 
 pang was to think that she, so quick to tell what would 
 give pleasure, could not tell us how great her blessedness 
 is. But I always see her dear face now wearing a radiant 
 smile, with all the yearning anguish passed." 
 
 The stone inscribed with her husband's name bears an 
 added inscription, which she had dictated : 
 
 TO THE MEMORY ALSO OF 
 " HIS DEAR WIFE LUCY " 
 
 WHO REJOINED HIM HERE IN HOPE, DEC. 14,1881. 
 "LOVE IS OF GOD." 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 NOTE TO PAGE 68. 
 
 Movements of Thought in the English-American People. 
 THE group of names associated with William Smith's 
 early years naturally suggests a glance at the principal 
 intellectual forces in the English-speaking world of that 
 time. Some survey of these forces is desirable for a just 
 appreciation of the course taken by his thought. As an 
 appropriate background to his intellectual history, and 
 one which if occurring in the midst of the narrative 
 might be felt as an interruption, a brief and imperfect 
 survey of this field is here ventured. It relates mainly to 
 what may be called the mid-period of this century ; subse- 
 quent to the time of its early Evangelicalism, of Scott and 
 Byron and the Lake poets, and anterior to these later 
 years in which the names of Darwin and Spencer, Mat- 
 thew Arnold and George Eliot, hold prominence. It 
 may be seen in " Thorndale "and " Gravenhurst " how 
 closely William Smith's later writings are related to the 
 philosophy of Evolution, which at present fills so large a 
 place. But to summarize even briefly the thought and 
 thinkers of our own generation is beyond the scope of 
 this volume. The conspicuous factors of the present sit- 
 uation are glanced at in its later chapters ; and we are 
 still so near to the days of Mill and Maurice and their 
 contemporaries that in describing them we are largely 
 characterizing our own time. 
 
 We have to consider, first, an immense extension of 
 
638 APPENDIX. 
 
 knowledge in the direction of the physical sciences. The 
 influence of this class of studies upon the higher problems 
 of man and society has been various and vast. It has 
 made great addition to the store of facts with which the 
 philosopher or theologian must reckon. Physical science, 
 too, has deeply affected the general movement of the 
 human mind, by the circumstance that all the knowledge 
 which it acquires has the distinction of being verifiable. 
 It affirms no discovery as certain until it can be submitted 
 to tests which are beyond question, tests ultimately 
 based on the physical senses. This solid, impregnable 
 character of physical science is impressive and captivating 
 to the mind ; and, taken in connection with the immense 
 extent of its recent acquisitions, it fosters the habit of ex- 
 pecting and insisting on the same note of certitude in all 
 beliefs that are to be regarded as valuable. " Prove, or 
 abandon," is its attitude. Around physical science are 
 grouped a cluster of other sciences, relating to subjects 
 which do not admit of equally exact methods of verifica- 
 tion, such subjects as history, language, and social ad- 
 ministration. What is common to all study that may 
 properly be called science is the method of close and pa- 
 tient observation, wide comparison, and constant and 
 careful test of general conclusions. The effort of all 
 science is to obtain knowledge which is exact, and which 
 is capable of definite proof. 
 
 At this point there naturally arises the question whether 
 there are general laws of the human mind which must be 
 followed in all sound thinking upon whatever subject. 
 The effort to establish such laws makes a large part of the 
 history of philosophy. A clear and vigorous restatement 
 of one of the two great historic schools a statement en- 
 tirely in sympathy with the current attention to external 
 phenomena was made by John Stuart Mill in his 
 " Logic." He found his strongest opponent, and the lead- 
 ing champion of the opposite school, in Sir William Ham- 
 
MOVEMENTS OF THOUGHT. 639 
 
 ilton. Mill represented too the movement, called " Utili- 
 tarianism," toward shaping institutions, laws, and usages, 
 upon principles broad yet definite, for *' the greatest good 
 of the greatest number." It was a movement which in 
 its practicality and also in its moderation was character- 
 istic of the English intellect. Among the philosophic 
 thinkers, Mill was the most conspicuous champion of the 
 special measures of governmental reform and popular lib- 
 erty in his day. His personal character embodied the 
 robust and manly virtues of courage, justice, and magnan- 
 imity. He made abstract themes vital by " one ruddy 
 drop of manly blood." In an abstruse discussion upon 
 the possibility and nature of human knowledge of the di- 
 vine, he struck a note to which the common heart re- 
 sponded, when he declared that if he was told there existed 
 a God whose morality was essentially different from hu- 
 man morality he would answer : " He shall not compel 
 me to worship him. I will call no Being good who is not 
 what I mean when I apply that epithet to my fellow-crea- 
 tures ; and if such a Being can sentence me to Hell for 
 not so calling him, to Hell I will go." 
 
 For the worshipping, the tender, the feminine side of 
 man's nature, Mill had little to offer. The world seemed 
 to him to show no evidence that it was under any divine 
 control ; it was full of injustice and imperfection ; the 
 only thing for us to do was to make it better. He had a 
 very warm heart, which found its nourishment and sup- 
 port in elements which his philosophy scarcely took at all 
 into its survey. In his youth he was helped out of a des- 
 perate mood of despondency by Wordsworth's poetry, 
 poetry inspired by beliefs wholly remote from the sensa- 
 tional philosophy. The happiness of his life, he tells us, 
 was in his relation with the woman whom he married. 
 Such love of man and woman, like all noble friendships, 
 lies in a realm of life which logic and philosophy such as 
 his have absolutely no power to interpret. In his last 
 
640 APPENDIX. 
 
 days he was driven by the stress of love and sorrow to 
 study those very problems of God and immortality which 
 he had been wont to discard. His posthumous essays dis- 
 cuss these themes with entire candor and courage, and 
 without attaining any clear and certain conclusion. The 
 earlier habits of his mind scarcely qualified him for the 
 most effective dealing with a question, of which it may 
 perhaps be said that the older form was " Whether God 
 is," and the later form " What God is." But, beyond 
 the interest attaching to so free, fearless, and serious a 
 treatment of the subject, the book is significant as an in- 
 stance of how the stoutest soul, after rigorously confining 
 itself to the questions of Time, may be driven by love and 
 loss to ponder the questions of Eternity. 
 
 The progress of scientific knowledge has in many ways 
 impressed the fact that what we call the spiritual life of 
 man is closely affected by physical conditions. There 
 have been discovered physical antecedents for many phe- 
 nomena of thought, feeling, and will, which were formerly 
 referred solely to the spiritual entity assumed to be in- 
 cased within the human body. To' these physical antece- 
 dents it is impossible to deny in many instances a force of 
 causation. The suggestion is advanced, and with growing 
 weight : Has not every mental act its physical antecedent 
 or concomitant in the brain ? And then comes the ques- 
 tion : Is not a physical antecedent always the determining 
 cause of the mental act ? It is at least sure that the 
 sphere of free will is far more limited than was once sup- 
 posed. The supposition finds wide favor, that all the phe- 
 nomena of mind are the products or functions of the bod- 
 ily organism. Man in this view is not twofold, spirit 
 and body, but single, and as an individuality is terminated 
 altogether by the termination of the body. Against this 
 pure materialism stands the fact, unaffected by all the new 
 knowledge, that what we call mental phenomena are sim- 
 ply untranslatable into terms of matter ; that an impassa- 
 
MOVEMENTS OF THOUGHT. 641 
 
 ble gulf of difference lies between phenomena of motion 
 and phenomena of consciousness. But yet, it is urged, 
 though there be a mysterious aspect of man's activities, a 
 something which we cannot interpret or fathom, yet we 
 know these spiritual activities solely as appearing in con- 
 nection with a physical organism and in close dependence 
 on it ; and of any separate spiritual entity, or any persist- 
 ence of the spiritual functions of the individual after the 
 physical organism perishes, we do and can know nothing 
 whatever. As of the individual, it is said, so of the uni- 
 verse : as to any ultimate cause back of its outward man- 
 ifestations, we can neither assert nor deny nor define. 
 And this, in place of materialism, is agnosticism. Of the 
 new thinking of our time, a considerable part has been 
 done on the assumption, express or tacit, that subjects 
 like God and immortality, and everything relating to su- 
 perhuman being, are a mere waste of the intellect. The 
 most conspicuous expression of this assumption was given 
 by Comte, who formulated the whole field of human knowl- 
 edge and thought, after discarding theology and meta- 
 physics as delusions incident to the childish stages of the 
 human mind. Of this " Positive " philosophy, Lewes was a 
 prominent representative in England. The temper of the 
 English Positivists is essentially this : " Let us have done 
 with make-believe : let us away with superstitions of con- 
 solation as well as superstitions of horror ; let us get out 
 of the lumber-room where theology and metaphysics have 
 for ages been piled mountain-high without establishing 
 one verifiable certainty, and betake ourselves altogether to 
 the fields of real knowledge and helpful human activi- 
 ties." A temper like this has spread far wider than the 
 avowed Positivists, and is capable of blending with gener- 
 ous and ardent human sympathies. When united with 
 strong moral purpose, there issues the " religion of hu- 
 manity " ; a religion whose creed is the service of man- 
 kind, and the attainment through mutual effort of the 
 
642 APPENDIX. 
 
 noblest practicable ideals of character, without expectation 
 of help from any source higher than man, or of prolon- 
 gation of individual existence beyond the earthly scene. 
 This is the religion of which the most effective exponent 
 in our day has been George Eliot. 
 
 We have here considered tendencies of thought which 
 in their free expression might be dated as belonging 
 rather to the later than the earlier years of William 
 Smith. But in the earlier years, these tendencies min- 
 gled with the thoughts and appeared at least in the con- 
 versation of men such as were among his associates. The 
 more open and obvious currents of opinion in those days 
 related to the Church. 
 
 At the opposite pole to the Positivists stand the High 
 Churchmen. Essentially, we may say, the founders of the 
 modern High Church party in England were men who 
 were bent on preserving and extending the old type of 
 Christian piety. What Newman and Keble and Pusey 
 and their associates had most at heart was that themselves 
 and their fellow-men should be rich in faith and hope and 
 charity. They dearly prized those ideals which the old 
 Church has especially nourished, humility in the pres- 
 ence of God ; communion with glorified spirits and with 
 God himself ; a life rooted in the unseen and eternal, 
 against the seductions of base pleasure and ambition ; a 
 life athirst for perfection, and assured of an immortal 
 destiny. 
 
 The maintenance of this type of character has been 
 rendered increasingly difficult by many of the circum- 
 stances of modern life. The High Churchmen looked for 
 aid to the apparatus which the Church had provided, and 
 sought to give to that apparatus a new efficiency. The 
 Church had gradually during the ages provided a great 
 system of appliances, a priesthood for spiritual direction, 
 liturgies, fasts and feasts, rules and precepts, a literature 
 of devotion and of learning, the seclusion of cloisters and 
 
MOVEMENTS OF THOUGHT. 643 
 
 retreats, activities of preaching and labor ; presenting 
 meanwhile, with infinite variety of appeal to the imag- 
 ination, a universe alive with spiritual presences, the 
 saintly souls of all ages, a world of angelic beings, the di- 
 vine-human Mediator, and the God and Father of all. 
 This conception of the spiritual world was made vivid and 
 familiar by a whole cultus of rites and observances. 
 Such, in Its ideal and aim, was the medieval Church ; 
 such might and should be the Church of England, was the 
 purpose that ripened in a little company at Oxford. An 
 element in their conception was an insistency upon the 
 paramount authority of the Church over the conduct arid 
 thought of the individual. In dealing with the Church of 
 England as it actually existed, they were obliged to urge 
 upon that body the exercise of functions which it had long- 
 laid aside or had never exercised, and they found the 
 larger number of their fellow-churchmen strenuously op- 
 posed to them. As a consequence, the most logical and 
 thorough-going of their number passed over to the Church 
 of Rome. To the only type of mind that is now suscep- 
 tible to any claim of human infallibility the Roman 
 Church appeals with incomparably more power than any 
 other. That church, too, does actually undertake in some 
 measure that full and definite provision for the direction 
 of the lives of its members which has in all Protestant 
 bodies dwindled into a fragment or a tradition. John 
 Henry Newman went slow but straight to his natural 
 and proper home in the bosom of that church. Only a 
 handful of his countrymen followed him there. Their 
 proposition that a certain body of men are the author- 
 itative custodians and expounders of religious truth is 
 diametrically hostile to the modern spirit. Newman holds 
 that the reason shares the depravation of human nature 
 wrought by Adam's fall. He asks (" Apologia," Part 
 VII.): "What must be the face-to-face antagonist by 
 which to withstand and baffle the fierce energy of pas- 
 
644 APPENDIX. 
 
 sion, and the all-corroding, all-dissolving skepticism of 
 the intellect in religious matters ? . . . I am not speak- 
 ing of right reason, but of reason as it acts in fact and 
 concretely in fallen man. ... I know that even the un- 
 aided reason, when correctly exercised, leads to a belief 
 in God, in the immortality of the soul, and in future ret- 
 ribution ; but I am considering it actually and histori- 
 cally, and in this point of view I do not think I am wrong 
 in saying that its tendency is towards a simple unbelief 
 in matters of religion. No truth, however sacred, can 
 stand against it in the long run." He finds the only ad- 
 equate resource in an authoritative revelation, interpreted 
 by an infallible church. It is this absolute distrust of 
 the human intellect except as it follows with docility 
 the pronouncements of the minds congregated at Nicrea, 
 at Trent, and at the Vatican which marks the most 
 radical of all existing divisions in the mind of Europe. 
 But, while making little permanent impression on the 
 general course of thought, Newman and his close follow- 
 ers, as well as Keble, Pusey, and their successors, have 
 made a distinct and notable contribution to the higher 
 life of England. They have embodied in life and in lit- 
 erature illustrations of some of the finest and fairest of 
 human qualities. The founders of the school gave a pow- 
 erful moral impulse, which displayed itself originally in 
 the development of the devout and contemplative virtues, 
 but at a later period allied itself energetically with a 
 more active benevolence, so that the most honorable an- 
 nals of the High Church and Ritualist party are written 
 not in the cloisters of Oxford, but in the slums of the 
 great cities. And of the Catholic secession, a Protestant 
 may count it the highest service that the example of their 
 leader has done much to keep the saintly character a liv- 
 ing reality to the mind of modern England. 
 
 The strongest element in the Church of England and 
 also in the Dissenters at the beginning of this century had 
 
MOVEMENTS OF THOUGHT. 645 
 
 been the Evangelical or Low Church party. It was the 
 theological representative of Calvinism, Puritanism, and 
 the religious revivals of the eighteenth century. But 
 this type of religion, though still retaining a strong hold 
 on the popular feeling, and in the field of philanthropy 
 represented by such illustrious examples as Shaftesbury, 
 and still capable of very aggressive and successful activ- 
 ity, as in the case of Mr. Spurgeon and the American 
 " evangelists," is hardly to be reckoned with longer as an 
 intellectual force. 
 
 In contrast with the effort of the new High Church 
 party to maintain piety by the exclusion of innovating 
 thought was that movement in which Maurice is one of 
 the central figures, the movement to associate the tra- 
 ditional and ecclesiastical Christianity in a friendly alli- 
 ance with the new knowledge. We may distinguish here 
 two cooperating forces, of which Dr. Arnold and Coleridge 
 may be taken as the respective representatives : modern 
 scholarship, at once modifying and vivifying the historical 
 interpretation of Christianity ; and a spiritual philosophy, 
 seeking the inspiration and sanction of religious belief in 
 the soul itself, while finding in the creeds and dogmas of 
 Christianity a substantiation of the solitary individual 
 faith in the general affirmations of enlightened mankind. 
 The Broad Church movement was an attempt to blend 
 harmoniously within the Christian church the ethical, the 
 devotional, and the intellectual elements in religion. On 
 the ethical side, it recognized the wide and enlarging rela- 
 tions into which man is brought by the complex develop- 
 ment of modern society. Where the High Churchman 
 sought to preserve the best virtues of the old society, the 
 Broad Churchman labored to develop the virtues which the 
 new order demands to promote civic virtue, to guide so- 
 cial reorganization, and to assimilate new truth. Arnold 
 of Rugby was its early representative, with his manly 
 character, his devotion to education in its fullest sense, and 
 
646 APPENDIX. 
 
 his intense interest in the political life of England. In the 
 next generation, Maurice carried an equally earnest and 
 lofty spirit into the social struggles and problems which 
 were coming to the front ; and in him too with this practical 
 bent there blended a pure and devout spirit of piety. There 
 was a similar union in Kobertson, advocate of the poor, 
 friend of the workingman, and wise in that deepest wis- 
 dom which guides the heart in its effort for the perfect 
 life. Kingsley was another type, with his sympathetic, 
 susceptible temperament, his love for outdoor life, and his 
 flashes of poetry. On its intellectual side, the Broad 
 Church school had a sympathy with all liberal study, and 
 especially with the survey of mankind in its historical as- 
 pects ; a spirit of which there is no better example than 
 Dean Stanley's u History of the Jewish Church." The 
 Broad Churchmen were engaged in a gradual modifica- 
 tion of traditional dogma, and at the same time in a de- 
 fence of Christian dogma in its large interpretation as an 
 expression of the essential truths of religion. In their 
 essays at modification, they were greatly embarrassed by 
 the established formularies of the Church of England, in 
 which they were driven (as had been the High Church- 
 men) to discover an astonishing degree of elasticity ; 
 while even to such elasticity there were limits which it 
 might become extremely difficult to reconcile with the 
 principles of free investigation which the Broad Church- 
 men professed. So, too, while the appeal to " Christian 
 consciousness," as Schleiermacher phrased it, to the 
 soul's natural or acquired instinct of love and worship 
 of a being higher than itself, while this appeal, uttered 
 by such voices as Coleridge and Maurice and Robertson, 
 found a wide and deep response ; and while such emo- 
 tion might find expression in the familiar language of 
 Christian worship ; yet there was a growing difficulty in 
 satisfying thorough and strenuous minds that the proposi- 
 tions embodied in the dogmatic system of supernatural 
 
MOVEMENTS OF THOUGHT. 647 
 
 Christianity were the legitimate and necessary counter- 
 part of these experiences of the soul. Certainly that 
 phraseology of belief and worship which was moulded by 
 piety blended with mediaeval philosophy hardly affords 
 the most suitable expression to the piety nurtured under 
 modern thought. In a word, the Broad Churchmen after 
 a time found themselves engaged to an embarrassing de- 
 gree in putting new wine into old bottles. All that has 
 been said of them, as one school in the Church of Eng- 
 land, applies in a measure to the most thoughtful ele- 
 ment in all Protestant bodies ; except that most of these 
 denominations, and notably the various Independent 
 churches, have been less hampered by inherited creeds, be- 
 cause governed by constitutions which admit more easily 
 of change. In America, the broadening and enriching of 
 the old creed has gone on under the eloquent leadership 
 of such men as Beecher, Bushnell, Brooks, Abbott, and 
 Munger, until that element diffused throughout the Evan- 
 gelical churches under the name of the New Orthodoxy is 
 practically relinquishing all of the old dogmatic scheme, 
 save for a new and enthusiastic emphasis on the divinity 
 of Christ. 
 
 A more radical departure from the old creed, a more 
 direct employment of intellectual inquiry in the service 
 of ethical purpose and spiritual feeling, has been made 
 in the Unitarian bodies of Great Britain and America. 
 Their isolated position among other sects has been a disad- 
 vantage, and the growing pressure of radical problems has 
 heightened in their clergy the tendency to abstract specu- 
 lation ; and these circumstances, together with the diffi- 
 culty of combining perfect intellectual freedom with strong 
 organization, have operated to greatly limit their influ- 
 ence as a popular force. But in both countries they have 
 made important contributions to the national life. In 
 England the foremost representative of philosophic theism 
 is Martineau ; while in America, where the overshadowing 
 
648 APPENDIX. 
 
 presence of an established church is not felt, the Unita- 
 rian influence, though in its ecclesiastical form reaching 
 but a small number, has played a foremost part in the 
 leadership of the country in literature and moral progress. 
 The American Unitarians, slowly yielding to the influences 
 represented by Emerson and Parker, have as a body 
 tended to divest the affirmation of a theistic faith from 
 any reliance upon a supernatural revelation. In a more 
 direct and unhampered way than any other sect, they have 
 essayed to blend the spirit of piety with the new forms of 
 thought. Their movement has not yet showed that ardor 
 and volume of spiritual force which can waken a multi- 
 tude to new life, and create agencies for the employment 
 of that life. But toward such a result they have made a 
 distinct contribution, in exemplifying the courageous and 
 clear treatment of intellectual problems, such a treat- 
 ment as can alone save the " Church of the Future," if 
 such there is to be, from superstition and fanaticism. 
 
 The three foremost names in American church history 
 are Channing, Parker, and Beecher. In Channing the 
 slowly ripening dissent of the best intelligence of New 
 England from Calvinism found clear expression, that 
 Calvinism which in the previous century Edwards had 
 formulated and proclaimed anew. In Channing that dis- 
 sent became an affirmation. The emphasis of Calvinism 
 was on human depravity ; he asserted the dignity of hu- 
 manity. It was the religious expression of a sentiment 
 which had given one of the impulses of the French Rev- 
 olution ; but Channing's ideal man was a very different 
 figure from Rousseau's. The recognition of human nobil- 
 ity led to a recasting of theology. An atonement to 
 reconcile God and man no longer appeared necessary. 
 Channing relinquished not only the predestination of Cal- 
 vin, but the doctrine of the Trinity, as Priestley before 
 him had done. His theology was Christianity, less the 
 atonement and the Trinity, but with an emphatic super. 
 
MOVEMENTS OF THOUGHT. 649 
 
 naturalism and a superhuman Christ. He was a man 
 of pure and lofty piety, and refined, scholarly, impressive 
 character. Under the voluntary system, the ostracism of 
 himself and his ministerial associates by the Orthodox 
 body resulted simply in a new sect, composed, however, of 
 a large group of the old churches, whicli suffered no break 
 of historical continuity, and showed no very salient con- 
 trast with their former associates. The highly intellect- 
 ual tastes of their ministry, together with the social ad- 
 vantages of their lay constituency, constituted a strong 
 conservative force. On their rolls were many of the fore- 
 most names in American literature ; in their ranks social 
 reform found numerous recruits ; their clergy exemplified 
 the best traditions of the clerical character. But an orig- 
 inal thinker like Emerson found their decorous ecclesias- 
 ticism too narrow for him ; the mass of the people were 
 little affected by their unemotional tone ; and the devout 
 felt a depressing influence in the relinquishment of one doc- 
 trine after another, like the chill from rapid evaporation. 
 In this grave, sincere, placid company, rose Theodore 
 Parker, a " son of thunder." He had scarcely a great 
 mind, but he had a great heart, ample learning, an intrepid 
 intellect, and the fullest courage of his convictions. For 
 supernatural Christianity he substituted a simple and 
 positive theism. The " Christ " of the church and of Chan- 
 ning became to Parker simply " Jesus " first of men, 
 but human and fallible. He sent home the ideas of the 
 fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of men with words 
 of fire. He carried his gospel into the market-place and 
 the senate-house ; he struck like a Hebrew prophet at 
 commercial greed, at slavery, at ceremonialism, at every 
 popular and fashionable sin. He scared the Unitarians 
 as they had scared the Orthodox ; they put him under ban 
 in vain. In the next generation they were his disciples. 
 He had the fervor of Augustine, the courage of Luther, 
 the rough honesty of Knox, the democracy of Lincoln, 
 
650 APPENDIX. 
 
 and the tenderness of a woman. The man was greater 
 than his visible work. His learning was in the direction 
 of philosophy and criticism ; and the absence of scientific 
 ideas may be a limit on his permanent influence. Per- 
 haps his most abiding contribution to literature will be 
 his few recorded prayers, unsurpassed in fervor, ten- 
 derness, gratitude, and aspiration. The ardor of his work 
 consumed him prematurely ; he died in what should have 
 been mid-life, leaving the influence of a heroic personality 
 one of the greatest figures in American history. 
 
 Henry Ward Beecher the son of Channing's fore- 
 most opponent transformed more deeply than Chan- 
 iiing the spirit of Orthodoxy, yet never broke with its 
 ecclesiastical fellowship. He had a great imaginative 
 genius, a tropical temperament and splendor of oratory, a 
 sublimity of moral conceptions. He was the complete 
 reverse of Puritan asceticism. His sympathetic interpre- 
 tation of the familiar and homely phases of humanity, his 
 humor, his delight in all the joyful and beautiful aspects 
 of life, won for his message the gladdest acceptance. He 
 stood amidst the rushing throng of the great city, and 
 gave to its restless activities, to the scenes of the home, 
 to the solitudes of Nature, an interpretation so lofty and 
 inspiring that his hearers were thrilled and uplifted. He 
 was more entertaining than any theatre. Like an organ- 
 ist on his instrument he played on his great audiences, 
 drawing smiles, laughter, tears, at will ; moving them to 
 pity, to mirth, to wrath, to resolve, to worship, to rapture. 
 No voice could open the fountains of consolation like his. 
 Beside a grave his words came like light from Heaven. 
 He was a champion of liberty and democracy. Feeling 
 rather than thought moulded his creed. He dropped the 
 harsher elements of Orthodoxy, but only to magnify what- 
 ever in that system was most comforting to the heart and 
 inspiring to the imagination. He gave fresh emphasis to 
 the deity of Christ, and in his sermons the place of God 
 
MOVEMENTS OF THOUGHT. G31 
 
 is almost exclusively filled by that glorified figure. He 
 never pressed home the question, Is it true ? against any 
 idea that was morally pleasing. His weakness lay in 
 the excessive sway over his mind of the pleasurable. He 
 depicts the distortions and the tyranny of conscience ; he 
 appreciates that " inflammation of the moral sense," from 
 which New England is said to have suffered ; but he fails 
 in emphasis on duty as the law of life. Even in his pres- 
 entation of love as the central element in humanity and 
 divinity, the impression is sometimes left that the love 
 here viewed is the most delightful of emotions rather than 
 that charity which suffereth long and seeketh not her 
 own. In speech sometimes, in character often, the heroic 
 note was lacking. He was shy of unpopular causes. Be- 
 yond any other man he undermined the doctrine of eter- 
 nal punishment, but he never expressly disavowed it until 
 disavowal had ceased to be perilous. He faced a Liver- 
 pool mob like a lion at bay ; he underwent a far worse 
 ordeal with unblenching resolution yet the final impres- 
 sion he gave was of a greatness intellectual rather than 
 moral. His personality was more complex than any 
 dramatist ever portrayed ; his service is best summed up 
 in the eulogy, " He did more than any man in America 
 to convert religion from a fear into a hope." 
 
 Thomas Carlyle stands as a representative of spiritual 
 revolution. To sum up the man himself in a paragraph 
 is as impossible as to express a soul by an algebraic for- 
 mula, amazing compound that he was of genius, sensi- 
 bility, power, humor, scorn, tenderness, gloom, purpose, 
 petulance, whim, and dyspepsia. But what he most dis- 
 tinctly represents in the life of the age is a fresh awaken- 
 ing of moral energy and aspiration, which finds all existing 
 creeds and institutions inadequate, and which acts as a 
 quickening, uplifting force in the heavy mass of society. 
 Carlyle is like the revived soul of old Calvinism, disem- 
 bodied from its creed, roaming unhoused through the new 
 
652 APPENDIX. 
 
 world, and shaming by its lofty port all baseness and pre- 
 tence. He shows the best of Scotch Calvinism, its atti- 
 tude toward life as a moral warfare, its uncompromising 
 veracity, its awe in the presence of Deity, He has some 
 of its worse traits something of its fierceness, its bigotry, 
 the severity of the Old Testament almost unsoftened by 
 the sweetness of the New. He represents a larger knowl- 
 edge than Calvinism possessed, and he throws off its 
 crude theology as his ancestors threw off the yoke of 
 Rome. The source of his revolt, we may say, is his recog- 
 nition of far wider and more complex realities than the 
 old formula covered. Calvinistic theology ignored not 
 only the new knowledge which science was already bring- 
 ing in : it was blind to the infinite varieties in human na- 
 ture ; it fixed its gaze resolutely on moral good and evil, 
 on God and the devil, the sinner and the saint, and out of 
 these elements built its universe. Carlyle's perceptions 
 are alive to everything in man. He catches details with 
 the accuracy of a photograph. He feels the majesty of 
 the whole with perpetual wonder and awe. His sense of 
 humor unlocks a realm to which the dogmatist is blind. 
 It is perhaps his greatest service that he brings us in close 
 touch with the realities of existence. He does not explain 
 the world, he vivifies it, the scales of use and dulness 
 fall from our eyes, and we move among forms of beauty 
 and grandeur and terror and tenderness. His early voice 
 rang out like a trumpet-call, arousing, enraging, de- 
 lighting. It was a voice that boded ill to the existing 
 order, and in young and ardent spirits waked high hopes 
 of a better day. But when Carlyle had led his followers 
 out of Egypt into the wilderness, his leadership ended 
 he had no Promised Land to guide them to. He gives us 
 little consciousness of an ordered universe, and little help 
 toward an ordered society. His main idea of social order 
 is that of an able man dominating the crowd. He has 
 small appreciation of the slow, patient, compromising 
 
MOVEMENTS OF THOUGHT. 653 
 
 methods by which English self-government has been built 
 up. He has no recognition that the humble investigations 
 of physical science may ultimately throw light on the 
 higher problems, and that the new knowledge may blend 
 with the old faith to reconceive and reanimate for man 
 the spiritual order of the universe. We feel in him a 
 want of that receptive, patient attitude of the intellect, 
 which scientific study has developed almost as a new virtue 
 in mankind, and we feel too a personal lack of that pa- 
 tience and self-command which mark the highest charac- 
 ters. Yet on the whole, it may be repeated, Carlyle im- 
 presses us like the soul of the old religion, disembodied, 
 and finding as yet no corporeal home but keeping alive 
 always the flame of aspiration and heroic effort. He is 
 a revolutionist, but he foretokens a nobler order than that 
 which is perishing. His special message can hardly be 
 better indicated than by two passages from his letters to 
 Sterling : 
 
 You say finally, as the key to the whole mystery, that Teu- 
 felsdrockh does not believe in a " personal God." It is frankly 
 said, with a friendly honesty for which I love you. A grave 
 charge, nevertheless, an awful charge, to which, if I mis- 
 take not, the Professor, laying his hand on his heart, will reply 
 with some gesture expressing the solemnest denial. In gesture 
 rather than in speech, for the Highest cannot be spoken of hi 
 words. Personal ! Impersonal ! One ! Three ! What mean- 
 ing can any mortal (after all) attach to them in reference to 
 such an object ? Wer darf Ihn nennen ? I dare not and do 
 not. . . . By God's blessing, one has got two eyes to look with, 
 also a mind capable of knowing, of believing. That is all the 
 creed I will at this time insist on. 
 
 You announce that you are rather quitting philosophy and 
 theology I predict that you will quit them more and more. 
 I give it you as my decided prognosis that the two provinces in 
 question are become theorem, brain-web, and shadow, wherein 
 no earnest soul can find solidity for itself. Shadow I say ; yet 
 the shadow projected from an everlasting reality within our- 
 selves. Quit the shadow, seek the reality. 
 
654 APPENDIX. 
 
 The one important contribution of America to the 
 world's highest thought is found in Emerson. If he may 
 be characterized by a single trait, it is perhaps this : he is 
 so sensitive to the ethical and spiritual element that he sees 
 it everywhere. His emphasis is not on conflict but on 
 harmony. There is no moral indifference in him, al- 
 ways there is a high note of duty. But in his pages, and 
 in his personality, duty seems so naturally the law of life 
 that it prevails almost without a struggle. The personal 
 victory is so early and completely won that the mind, not 
 centred on internal combat, looks freely forth on the 
 world, and, seeing everywhere congenial traits of goodness 
 and intelligence, interprets the world as divine indeed. 
 Our own consciousness, he teaches, has its value to us in 
 that it too reflects a ray from the sun which is the life of 
 all. He sometimes impresses the sympathetic reader as 
 possessing a faculty of the soul which is like an added 
 sense ; he seems to discern as if by immediate vision the 
 presence throughout the entire universe of divine intelli- 
 gence, beauty, and love. He speaks of spiritual being 
 with a tranquil familiarity, a perfect assurance, and at 
 the same time with a clear recognition of all the homely 
 facts in which the majesty of existence is clothed. It is 
 true that the sort of superterrestrial serenity in which 
 Emerson abides somewhat incapacitates him from meet- 
 ing the wants of mundane men. From sorrow and care 
 he dwells remote. , The dilemmas of the intellect, and 
 the contradiction between the ideal and actual worlds, he 
 seems in no way anxious to solve, he calmly looks over 
 the head of every difficulty. But even the man of more 
 scientific and logical mind, who cannot discern in the facts 
 of existence a sufficient ground for this exultant confidence, 
 yet, if there be in him any loftiness of nature, leaves 
 Emerson's pages with a sense of drawing deeper breath, 
 and with new inspiration alike to labor and to enjoy. To- 
 ward forms of thought and belief other than his own, 
 
MOVEMENTS OF THOUGHT. 655 
 
 Emerson is as sympathetic as Carlyle is scornful. Him- 
 self a transcendentalist, he rejoices in every discovery of 
 the man of science, in every stroke of good work done by 
 the positivist. There is no circle of sincere thinkers or 
 manly toilers but welcomes him to its fellowship. Hardly 
 any other intellect has so harmoniously blended ideality 
 with common sense. Emerson is unique among the men 
 of his time, yet his full significance is seen only by con- 
 sidering the soil whence he sprung and where he flourished. 
 He was cradled in a little community which then perhaps 
 beyond any other combined an ordered freedom, a gen- 
 eral and temperate prosperity, and a serious moral tem- 
 per. It was the fruit of two centuries' cultivation of a 
 choice stock under conditions austere and pure. For a 
 few decades the theological soil had been mellowing. 
 The impulse of a new national life was felt in full force. 
 A great mind, born into such circumstances, leaped for- 
 ward with a swift splendor like one of America's bril- 
 liant days out of the old dogmas into the recognition of 
 all-encompassing divinity. If social progress be indeed 
 the law of humanity, it may happen in later ages that con- 
 ditions of general freedom, order, and morality, akin to 
 those which generated an interpretation of the world so 
 inspiring and benign, may afford a like benignity and 
 cheer as the natural inheritance of earth's children. Yet 
 not even the Bostonian will claim that his town was ever 
 an exact prototype of the Millenium, and in Emerson we 
 occasionally feel a somewhat bloodless quality, natural to 
 one born in a society bare of art and amusement. He is 
 distinctly averse to laughter, and he never moves our 
 tears. If we cannot always stay with him on the heights, 
 there is some compensation in the ruddier life of the val- 
 leys. But in Emerson we get the inspiration not only of 
 inspiring thought, but of a heroic personality. He rose 
 victorious over troubles, ill health, perplexities, bereave- 
 ments, isolation, uncongenial employment, flattery and 
 
656 APPENDIX. 
 
 crude imitation. Always he was steadfast and gracious, 
 and in his society as in his writings men felt that the life 
 of the spirit was a reality. The humblest felt his charm, 
 and every baby in Concord stretched out its hands to him. 
 Emerson is single among his countrymen in the height 
 of his genius and in the realm of his thought. But he 
 may be viewed as the central figure in a group which 
 marks the flowering into literature of a national life that 
 had found in its earlier channels in politics, ecclesiastical 
 religion, and material labors. The most distinct contribu- 
 tion of America to the world has been the development 
 of a well-ordered federal democracy ; its early great men 
 were statesmen ; the core of its history in the present cen- 
 tury has been the political struggle involving union and 
 slavery ; and it was the political field which displayed the 
 personality of Abraham Lincoln perhaps the grandest 
 individual product of modern democracy. The early re- 
 ligion of America was essentially of the Puritan type 
 with its intensity of moral purpose, its seriousness often 
 exaggerated into morbidness, and the growing inadequacy 
 of its creeds and ideals. How Puritanism was modified 
 within the churches, by revolt and by reform, has 
 been hinted. But in the mid-period of this century came 
 an emergence of the best intelligence into a richer and 
 more various region of thought and life, exemplified 
 after the transition in Cooper and Irving from English 
 models by such authors as Emerson, Hawthorne, Long- 
 fellow, Lowell, Holmes, Whittier, and Mrs. Stowe. 
 Viewed in relation to moral ideas, the common mark of 
 this group is the movement from Calvinism into a more 
 humane and rational religion. In Hawthorne, indeed, the 
 ghosts of the old terror still haunt the imagination, still 
 tinge with gloom a mind that disowns the old creed. No 
 moral atmosphere can be more depressing than where, as 
 in " The Scarlet Letter," Guilt and Retribution appall the 
 soul while Redemption has faded out. The transfer to 
 
MOVEMENTS OF THOUGHT. 657 
 
 the modern conception is suggested in "The Marble 
 Faun," where even guilt has an office in raising man out 
 of the innocent, sportive animal into something graver and 
 higher, though amid an encompassment of mystery and 
 dread. Mrs. Stowe produced her greatest effect by that 
 picture of slavery which hastened its downfall, but she is 
 on her native soil in sympathetic interpretation of the old 
 religion and society of New England an interpretation 
 more genial than the reality, because already the grim ness 
 is softened by distance. Whittier brings the Quaker 
 mildness and " inner light," together with the modern 
 thought, to transform the traditional creed into a sweet 
 gospel of humanity, still taught and led by Christ. 
 Holmes a modern Horace in wit, sense, and lyric 
 charm, with an inspiration from wider knowledge and a 
 richer civilization assails directly and sharply the sys- 
 tem of Calvin and Edwards ; while he suggests a new 
 treatment of moral problems, in the light of physiology 
 and its kindred sciences. Of Lowell and Longfellow, the 
 general tone is harmonious with these their compeers ; but 
 they write more as in the atmosphere of the library. Long- 
 fellow's picturesque and pleasing verse shows little direct 
 influence of modern currents of thought ; while Lowell 
 gives both satiric and heroic utterances to the sentiments 
 of freedom and of union, and his later poems yield 
 glimpses of the grave ponderings of our time. At the 
 other pole from these, away from books and from Euro- 
 pean culture, is Whitman, the rough, ardent, mighty 
 voice of a new society. His strongest sentiment is com- 
 radeship the mutual good-will of a brotherhood of 
 homely toilers. Nature, too, he loves ; much of the old 
 religious trust and hope is in him. but, along with the 
 wideness of his sympathy with all power, all reality, there 
 is some obscuration of man's choice between moral good 
 and evil ; there is a strange renunciation of that decency 
 which is the garb and guardian of the priceless conquest 
 
658 APPENDIX. 
 
 mankind is slowly gaining the subordination of animal 
 passion to the moral sense. 
 
 But Whitman belongs to a later period than the group 
 of the mid-century ; indeed, he gives perhaps the only 
 highly original feature to the succeeding and present pe- 
 riod. A new epoch in American literature dates from the 
 Civil War; new phases of society and of thought are de- 
 picted in it. But to religious and philosophical ideas 
 there has been little important addition, apart from Euro- 
 pean importations. In that earlier group, which still is 
 largely representative of the nation's highest intelligence, 
 as well as in the parallel group of leaders within the 
 church, this is to be noticed : the change of belief and of 
 temper is mainly toward greater cheer and hope ; there is 
 far less recognition than among contemporary English 
 and Continental writers of those un settlings and recast- 
 ings of the foundations of religion which lay on mind 
 and heart their heaviest task. This easier assumption by 
 the American mind of the fundamental sources of faith 
 is perhaps partly due to more favorable social conditions, 
 which are destined to spread, and to carry with them an 
 atmosphere which naturally generates trust. It may be 
 also in a degree due to optimism rising from a temporary 
 prosperity, the passing incident of a people not yet 
 crowded for room. And partly, no doubt, this compara- 
 tive rarity of the deeper questioning indicates a society 
 where high culture and the leisure for thought are less 
 common, a society which is more immature and follows at 
 some distance in the wake of the more educated commu- 
 nity. In wealth of intellectual production, America still 
 compares with England as the province with the metrop- 
 olis, and for the masters of thought and passion the 
 daughter must still for the most part look to the mother. 
 
 The change of half a century in England can hardly 
 be better realized than by comparing the tone of Walter 
 Scott with that respectively of Thackeray and of Dickens. 
 
MOVEMENTS OF THOUGHT. 659 
 
 All three are rich in genius and in noble feeling. But 
 they represent different attitudes toward the social order. 
 Scott idealizes and defends the traditional system. His 
 genius is sympathetic and not critical. The past charms 
 his imagination, the present is full of that which he loves, 
 and toward innovation and revolution he has only hostil- 
 ity. Historically he must be viewed in relation to the 
 Napoleonic wars of conquest. That is the concrete form 
 which revolution takes to his mind. He is blind to the 
 new forces of beneficence which are rising ; he is as indif- 
 ferent to social and political reform, and to advance of re- 
 ligious thought, as Shakespeare is indifferent to Puritan- 
 ism and constitutional liberty. Neither man discerned 
 the master forces of the dawning age. We all remember 
 Carlyle's pronouncement on Scott's emptiness of spiritual 
 message : " The sick heart will find no healing there," etc. 
 But this means only that Scott had no healing for the es- 
 pecial sickness of Caiiyle and Carlyle's day. Like Shake- 
 speare, Scott speaks to that in humanity which is perma- 
 nent. So long as manhood and modesty and honor and 
 good cheer are esteemed, will men draw health as well as 
 pleasure from Walter Scott. 
 
 The change of temper when we pass from Scott to 
 Thackeray is due partly to personal temperament and char- 
 acter, but partly, also, to change in the time. How great 
 Thackeray is in creative imagination, in humor, in kind- 
 ness, need not be dwelt on, but his distinctive quality is 
 truthfulness. It appears everywhere, in his close fidel- 
 ity to nature, in the purity of his style, and in that sad sin- 
 cerity which is the characteristic atmosphere of his work. 
 It is no longer possible to believe in the old world as Scott 
 believed in it. Even Scott's faith is a little wavering ; 
 he really cannot give credit to ghosts and fairies ; he must 
 needs own that the Stuarts were not a heroic race, but 
 he can still cast a glamour over feudalism and chivalry 
 and monarchy ; can even idealize a George the Fourth. 
 
660 APPENDIX. 
 
 " Dear old make - believes ! " Thackeray seems to say, 
 " would that we could accept them." And he plays some- 
 times with that fairy-land, in mixture of love and derision, 
 as when he writes " Rebecca and Rowena." He likes to 
 get into the children's company, where the make-believe 
 is still kindlier, as in " The Rose and the Ring." With 
 the near past he is in friendly touch ; he is at home in 
 company with the wits and beaux and fine ladies of Queen 
 Anne's day. But he is essentially a man of his own time. 
 He calls himself a preacher and what gospel does he 
 preach ? " Vanity of vanities," of all Ijomilies the sad- 
 dest ! As a preacher he scarcely wins converts, 
 scarcely expects converts ; conversion in any sense hardly 
 has place in his view of life, though there are exquisite 
 exceptions, as when he shows Ethel Newcome " purified 
 by terror and by pity " out of her worldliness. He holds 
 a high ideal of truth, honor, and gentleness, but no strong 
 faith and no resolute purpose. He reveres the purity and 
 piety of women, he sympathizes with all courage and gen- 
 erosity in men, but he kindles in his reader no ardor of 
 virtue. Life is a disappointment that is his perpetual 
 refrain. It is when he forgets his own haunting sense of 
 frustration, and portrays life with as little thought of a 
 moral as Shakespeare or Scott when he gives us Raw- 
 don Crawley parting with Becky before Waterloo, or Clive 
 Newcome arm-in-arm with the Colonel it is then that 
 he is at his best. That his sincere and searching gaze 
 not only finds in the world so large an element of pretence 
 and unworthiness, but so fails to find anywhere a full 
 fruition or an ideal nobility, this seems surely due in 
 part to some idiosyncrasy, some inwrought sombre strain 
 or disheartening experience. But partly, also, it is be- 
 cause " the times are out of joint." Better no gods than 
 idols better no worship than worship of a George the 
 Fourth. That section of society with which he is most 
 familiar is intensely worldly better satirize it than 
 
MOVEMENTS OF THOUGHT. 661 
 
 glorify it. With a spirit most reverent as to religion, he 
 finds piety as an active force hardly anywhere but in the 
 lives of a few good women he does almost silent hom- 
 age to it there ; but a religion that satisfies and possesses 
 a manly nature, he scarcely seems to know. Nothing is 
 more unjust than to call Thackeray a cynic, but he 
 lacks the note of victory. We miss in him the high faith 
 and the resolute purpose which alone can exalt life into a 
 heroic scene. He sees the world as Vanity Fair ; he pic- 
 tures with keenest observation the traffickers and the 
 rogues, the mountebanks and jugglers, the honest and 
 simple folk, but he does not see Christian and Faithful, 
 with faces firm set toward the Celestial city. The men 
 whom he paints most sympathetically, like Henry Esmond 
 and Pendennis's Warrington, are by some great disap- 
 pointment thrown out of the arena of action, and look on 
 grave, pitiful, passive. As we read, we sometimes ask, 
 Is this an age that has lost its faith, or only a man that has 
 lost hope ? There is no finer or more typical scene in 
 Thackeray than that where Esmond breaks his sword. 
 His love proves a soulless coquette, his sovereign an un- 
 grateful libertine but in the very moment when that 
 gloom encompasses him, honor shines bright. No, Thack- 
 eray is as little a cynic as Cervantes, and the ideal of a 
 knightly gentleman is revived and perpetuated in Colonel 
 Newcome as in Don Quixote. The same searching truth- 
 fulness which, as we read, casts a judgment-day light on 
 our foibles, reveals some traits of good where we least 
 looked for them. Who but Thackeray could win our 
 interest and even sympathy for a scoundrel like Barry 
 Lyndon ? If he finds in the saint a touch of the sinner, 
 he sees in each sinner some undeveloped germ of the saint. 
 He strengthens the tie of our common humanity. Here 
 and there throughout his work are passages expressing a 
 genuine and natural piety, the more impressive for the 
 
662 APPENDIX. 
 
 humility and awe that restrain from diffuse utterance ; ! 
 and that kindly light which touches all his pictures with 
 frequent gleams shines out steadily at the last in " Denis 
 Duval," like a peaceful sunset after a day of mingled sun- 
 shine and cloud. 
 
 With an equal genius, an opposite temperament, and a 
 different experience, Dickens brings us in contact with the 
 most vital and active forces of the time. As the distinctive 
 note of Thackeray is truth, so that of Dickens is ardor. He 
 is brimful of emotion and energy. The world was never 
 fuller of passion, sympathy, struggle, hope, and heartiness, 
 than we find it in his pages. In his society we never 
 question whether life is worth living. His genius has a 
 richness, an elation, a, satisfaction, like Nature's own. 
 Here, too, we must lay much to the account of the per- 
 sonal endowment, but there is something more. Dick- 
 ens belongs to the common people. He stands among the 
 rising forces. That middle and lower class of England 
 
 1 As in this passage, at the opening of From Cornhill to Cairo 
 the scene is on a ship's deck after midnight. " There are a set of 
 emotions about which a man had best be shy of talking lightly, and 
 the feelings excited by this vast, magnificent, harmonious Nature are 
 among these. The view of it inspires a delight and ecstasy which is 
 not only hard to describe, but which has something secret in it that a 
 man should not utter loudly. Hope, memory, humility, tender yearn- 
 ings towards dear friends, and an inexpressible love and reverence 
 towards the Power which created the infinite universe blazing above 
 eternally, and the vast ocean shining and rolling around fill the 
 heart with a solemn, humble happiness, that a person dwelling in a 
 city has rarely occasion to enjoy. They are coming away from Lon- 
 don parties at this time ; the dear little eyes are closed in sleep 
 under mother's wing. How far off city cares and pleasures appear 
 to be ! how small and mean they seem, dwindled out of sight before 
 this magnificent brightness of Nature ! But the best thoughts only 
 grow and strengthen under it. Heaven shines above, and the hum- 
 bled spirit looks up reverently towards that boundless aspect of wis- 
 dom and beauty. You are at home, and with all at rest there, how- 
 ever far they may be ; and through the distance the heart broods 
 over them, bright and wakeful like yonder peaceful stars overhead." 
 
MOVEMENTS OF THOUGHT. 663 
 
 which the fastidious observer finds so dreary and Philis- 
 tine, Dickens reveals as palpitating with human interests, 
 with tragedy and comedy. He is as strenuous a champion 
 of the poor as Victor Hugo. His rich and riotous humor 
 is untainted and wholesome. He cares nothing for politi- 
 cal parties, he is contemptuous toward the professional 
 philanthropist, but wherever he sees a concrete wrong or 
 stupidity poor-law abuse, debtor's prison, circumlocution 
 office he flashes out in denunciation and ridicule. He 
 is a man of the common people too in that he lives far 
 more by feeling than by reason. He not seldom falls into 
 exaggeration, for the sake of immediate effect, unre- 
 strained by that accuracy of sight and speech which is the 
 austere virtue of the intellect. A " self-made " man, he 
 has gained energy in the making, but has missed culture. 
 When he reverts to past ages, it is oftenest with a hearty 
 hatred for their cruelty and bigotry. With creeds he has 
 little concern ; as to the intellectual foundations of Chris- 
 tianity he takes small thought ; but he warmly appropri- 
 ates all the elements of love and trust and hope which 
 shelter under the old creed. He gives to the New Testa- 
 ment story and to its central figure a sympathetic human 
 interpretation. He is the minstrel of Christmas ; and the 
 words of Christian faith "I am the Resurrection and 
 the Life " give an undertone to his noblest passage, the 
 death of Sidney Carton. 
 
 Neither Dickens nor Thackeray shows perceptibly any 
 direct influence of the scientific spirit. But that influence 
 tells in full force upon the two greatest of their poetical 
 contemporaries, Tennyson and Browning. Common to 
 both poets are an imaginative genius, a serious morality, 
 and a high culture, sensitively open to all the complex in- 
 tellectual forces of their time. In Browning we see those 
 forces in their diversity and tumult; in Tennyson they 
 are held tributary to a self -controlled mind. Browning is 
 not neuter in the struggle ; the note of faith and courage 
 
664 APPENDIX. 
 
 predominates in him. But his aim is dramatic ; he gives 
 full exhibition to saint and sinner, to sceptic and devotee, 
 to passion of sense and passion of spirit. He has some- 
 times been compared to Shakespeare, and as to the wide 
 range of his sympathies the comparison is not unapt. He 
 portrays a wider world than Shakespeare, for in the inter- 
 vening centuries that structure of religious belief, to which 
 Shakespeare pays at least a passive respect, has broken 
 up, a host of new forces have entered society, and the ele- 
 mental war in man has taken on new depth. But Brown- 
 ing has not Shakespeare's impersonality, nor his variety of 
 atmosphere ; he visibly mixes himself with each one of his 
 characters. And his peculiarity is to be always seeking 
 the intensest phases of thought and emotion. There is in 
 him much of the temper of the Elizabethan dramatists 
 the quest through earth and heaven and hell for emotional 
 and intellectual excitement. To him energy is the one 
 thing needful ; the moral of " The Statue and the Bust " 
 is characteristic better vigorous sinning than no vigor 
 at all. Perhaps his main significance is this: in an age in 
 which materialistic and sceptical tendencies are strong, we 
 see in him the poetic spirit shining out in its fullest in- 
 tensity. In him we see the soul turning the very forces 
 which seem to threaten its noblest life into ministers to 
 that life. He is one of those who go far to justify the 
 fine exaggeration of Elizabeth Browning, when she speaks 
 of poets as 
 
 "The only truth-tellers now left to God." 
 
 He is the reverse of Wordsworth in this, that while the 
 earlier poet intersperses long tracts of dulness between his 
 grand passages, Browning on the other hand gives us no 
 intermission from the strain of thought and feeling. Al- 
 ways we are in a tempest, buffeted by waves of ecstasy 
 and agony, until we are ready to cry out with Gonzalo, 
 " Now would I give a thousand furlongs of sea for an acre 
 
MOVEMENTS OF THOUGHT. 665 
 
 of barren ground ; long heath, brown furze, anything ! " 
 Like Wordsworth, but for the opposite reason, Browning 
 is perhaps best appreciated in judicious excerpts. In his 
 noblest words, he thrills us with heroism and tenderness. 
 He shows us the soul facing all situations and exigencies, 
 of love, and combat, and fear ; old age, as in " Rabbi 
 Ben Ezra ; " the blackest frown of destiny, as in " Childe 
 Roland ; " death, as in " Prospice," and everywhere 
 victorious. 
 
 Tennyson's early poems display a dainty fancy amusing 
 itself with subtleties and caprices, but with a more se- 
 rious strain getting the ascendency, as in " Locksley Hall ; " 
 until, between " The Princess " and " In Memoriam," 
 there comes a great change. " The Princess," with all its 
 beauties, is indeed " a medley," but " In Memoriam " 
 
 stands 
 
 " Like a statue, solid-set, 
 And moulded in colossal calm." 
 
 Thenceforth Tennyson is always nobly serious. He 
 has the consistency not of a creed but of a temper. We 
 see in him the spiritual elements of Christianity harmoni- 
 ously blending with modern types of thought and society. 
 The old so fuses with the new that the dividing line can- 
 not be traced. A most English trait is this, that con- 
 tinuity of past and present which adds a charm to every 
 English landscape, and transmits an ever broadening her- 
 itage of ordered freedom. Tennyson is in close touch 
 with the political life of his people. He has the temper 
 generated in that highest of social arts, the self-govern- 
 ment of a nation, which is but a supreme manifesta- 
 tion of self-government in the individual. He borrows 
 the legends of an early age, with no pretence at reality, 
 but as a fit pictorial setting for the Christian graces of 
 Honor, Purity, Service, and Faith. Among all poems, 
 " In Memoriam " stands unique. It shows us the educated 
 modern mind, face to face through a long period with the 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 supreme problems, with the desire for truth intensified 
 by the loss of a beloved and revered companion spirit. 
 There is the recognition of some spiritual sovereignty in 
 Christ ; there is equally the recognition of the evolution- 
 ary view, both in its hopes and its discouragements. We 
 follow the exploring thought in varying quest, but in the 
 general movement of the poem we see the successive stages 
 of a spiritual development. It is the slow and perfect 
 victory of Love over Death and over Doubt. What we 
 see at last is the persistence of the personal affection, its 
 assured hold on some great future, and its widening into 
 sympathy with all of nature and humanity. In the stanza 
 which concludes the body of the poem, we have the epitome 
 of the poet's philosophy. Let us trust, he says, 
 
 "With faith that comes of self-control, 
 The truths that never can be proved 
 Until we close with all we loved, 
 And all we flow from, soul in soul." 
 
 Years pass, and then comes a conclusion, of which the 
 climax sums up the faith and aspiration of our age. The 
 occasion is the bridal of a friend. There is a picture of 
 the happy scene, a perfect sympathy with the wedded lov- 
 ers' joy, a prevision of its sacred fruitage, and the suc- 
 ceeding higher race of men : 
 
 " Whereof the man that with me trod 
 This planet, was a noble type, 
 Appearing ere the times were ripe, 
 That friend of mine who lives in God, 
 
 " That God which ever lives and loves, 
 One God, one law, one element, 
 And one far-off divine event, 
 To which the whole creation moves." 
 
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